text:
Historically, water guns were made of metal and used rubber squeeze bulbs to load and propel water through the nozzle
Many small water guns work on the same principle as a spray bottle. The body of the toy is essentially a container for water, and the trigger is attached to a pump which squirts water out of a tiny hole at the muzzle or nozzle. However, many modern water guns employ more complex technologies to provide more power and water output than their predecessors.
In the U.S. and Canada, for several years, import regulations and domestic laws have required squirt guns to be made of clear or tinted transparent plastic. This is to make them harder to mistake for actual firearms.
Modern variations of the design include using compressed air, rubber chambers, springs, peristaltic pumps, or hydraulic pressure to propel the water or an electric pump powered by batteries. Some employ a combination of technologies to produce better stream performance. A more common term for larger water guns is water blasters.
Perhaps the most recognized brand of water gun is the Super Soaker brand by Larami Ltd, now taken over by Hasbro Inc. There are also other notable water gun brands such as Water Warriors by Buzz Bee Toys Inc., Total X-Stream by Lanard Inc., and Shield Blasters by Mattel Inc.
Squeeze Bulbs: Akin to water droppers, the oldest known manufactured water guns utilized a simple rubber squeeze bulb into which water could be drawn, then forcibly expelled out the nozzle by squeezing the bulb rapidly. This design has inherent limitations regarding the amount of pressure that one can achieve (fully dependent on the user's hand gripping strength) as well as the need to refill after each shot.
Trigger Pump / Spray Bottle: Many of the earlier small water guns used the same trigger based pumping mechanism as seen on spray bottles. Basically, the trigger would actuate a positive displacement pump shaft. With the aid of two check valves, often using small ball bearings, fluid could be drawn into the pump from a reservoir, then forced out the nozzle upon squeezing the trigger. The simplicity of the spraying mechanism meant these types of water guns could be manufactured rather cost-effectively and that the majority of the body could be used as the reservoir. The primary limitation with this design is the volume of water that could be effectively moved per pump. Increasing pump volume would require more user effort to push the fluid out, making larger designs impractical. However, this technology remains widely used today both in spray bottles as well as small water guns that can be found in a wide variety of shapes and colours.
Syringe / Piston: Another simple method employed in a number of water guns to push water is a syringe or piston type system. In essence, the water gun is made up primarily (sometimes exclusively) of the pumping mechanism that comprises an outer pump shaft with an inner pump-rod and water-tight seal. This allows water to be drawn into the pump as the pump is extended, then forcibly ejected out as the pump is compressed. Stream performance is dependent on the user's strength. Some models, like the Super Soaker Power Soaker Jr. and Stream Machines draw in and expel water out of their nozzles. This design means that a bucket-type filling source is needed in order to fill and refill the water gun. Other models, like the Super Soaker Power Soaker Mighty Cannon and Water Warriors Steady Stream, come with a couple of check valves and a reservoir for true portability.
Motorized: small piston: During the 1980s, the motorized water gun was perhaps at its most prolific time. Companies such as Entertech Inc. and Larami Inc. were creating replica-type water guns modeled after guns popularized in movies such as Rambo. At the heart of these blasters was a small motor and crank shaft that would convert the rotary motion into a forward-backwards pumping motion to drive a small pump akin to those found in the small spray bottle-type squirt pistols. While stream performance was often not particularly better, the fact that the motor took away the user's need to pump made for their increased popularity despite the fact that these water guns typically burned through 4 AA batteries over the course of a couple of water fights. However, their main strength and consequent reason for dismissal was their realistic styling. After some of these realistic-shaped water guns were attributed to accidental shootings by police, stricter rules regarding shapes and colouring of water guns were drafted in the United States.
Air: Pressurized Reservoir: This system was made famous by the Super Soaker brand of water guns, but actually was first employed by the Cosmic Liquidator. In this case, a pump is used to push air into a partially water-filled reservoir. The reservoir is otherwise air-tight, but has one valve to let the incoming air in from the pump as well as a manually controlled valve operated by the user, commonly activated by pulling on a trigger. As more air is pumped in, the air in the reservoir is compressed, increasing in pressure; the water is also pressurized by the now compressed air. Upon opening of the nozzle valve, the pressurized water is then pushed out through the nozzle as the air attempts to re-equilibrate with atmospheric pressure. This system allows pumping energy to be stored and used as needed. As well, unlike the methods noted above, this air pressure system allows production of a solid, continuous stream of water.
The limitation of this design is that a large number of pumps can be required to pressurize a larger reservoir. As well, poorly sealed reservoirs would render a water gun useless. Moreover, these water guns cannot be refilled unless emptied and depressurized. Opening a pressurized reservoir blaster while there is pressure remaining in the system can result in lots of local water spray or even an unexpected launch of the water gun and/or reservoir out of one's hands.
Air: Separate Pressure / Firing Chamber: The air-based separate pressure chamber or firing chamber system works on the same physical priniple as the pressurized reservoir system, but instead of pressurizing the reservoir, a separate, fixed volume chamber is included on the water gun into which water is pumped, compressing the air inside. This technology was first used on the Super Soaker SS 100. What this allows is for the reservoir to be removed/opened at any time for refilling since the reservoir is not pressurized. As well, the typically smaller size of the pressure chamber and the fact that water is typically pumped as opposed to air reduces the average number of pumps needed to achieve functional pressure. For improved performance, some users opt to pre-pressurize the firing chamber by pumping in some air first. This increases the starting pressure within the chamber, thus increases the overall average pressure experienced by the water when it is pumped into the pressure chamber.
Air: Split Air vs Water Pressure Chamber: While air based, the split air vs water pressure chamber has a sliding plunger that separates the compressed air from the water. This technology has so far only been seen on the Water Warriors Aqua Master PreCharger Series. A button is used to toggle whether the pump is priming/pre-pressurizing the pressure chamber with air or whether the pump is moving water into the pressure chamber. Akin to pre-pressurizing the Separate Pressure Chamber water guns, the split air vs water pressure chamber takes this one step further by preventing the accidental, undesired release of the pre-pressurized air by keeping it separated from the water by a sliding piston divider. After all the water is expelled from the pressure chamber, the sliding piston prevents loss of the pressurized air, thus reducing the number of times the water gun must be pumped with water in order to achieve optimal firing pressure.
Constant Pressure System: The Constant Pressure System (CPS) was first introduced by the Super Soaker CPS 2000 in 1996. Instead of relying on pressurized air to push water out the nozzle, CPS uses rubber elastic chambers to power the water gun. There are two common shapes of CPS chambers used: cylindrical and spherical. While the physics behind the system remains the same, there is a slight advantage for the cylindrical shape to push water in a linear direction since, upon expansion, it has more elastic force vectors pointing in the desired direction of flow compared to a spherical pressure chamber. However, because of how they expand, cylindrical pressure chambers also have more stress points than spherical ones. Nevertheless, use of the elastic materials typically offers improved power performance, particularly since pressure does not drop off as quickly as water is expelled from the pressure chamber as is seen in air-pressure-based systems. CPS-based water guns are perhaps some of the most sought after due to their improved performance and lack of firing angle limitations.
Rubber Diaphragm / Hydro Power: "Hydro Power" is a term coined by Buzz Bee Toys Inc., referring initially to their series of water guns that employed a elastic rubber bladder to pressurize water. Akin to the CPS system, the rubber diaphragm system can be considered basically half of a CPS-pressure chamber. A sheet of elastic material (typically rubber) is clamped against a housing unit. Water is pumped into the chamber, expanding the bladder that pressurizes the water within. However, due to the shape of the bladder, its expansion is not as uniform as in the CPS system, thus it experiences more significant pressure dropoff as the pressure chamber empties.
Springs: Another means of pressuzing or propelling water used in some water guns is the use of metal springs. The Waterball series has a spring-based catapult mechanisms for launching balls of water out of its nozzle. The Water Warriors Steady Stream uses a spring-based mechanisms as a sort of water capacitor to allow this otherwise piston-based water gun to produce a constant stream of water so long as


text:
Press freedom leads to happiness and environmental quality
Freedom of the press is viewed by many as a cornerstone of democracy. But can it actually help improve people's lives and make them happy? Researchers at the University of Missouri have found that citizens of countries with press freedom tend to be much happier than citizens of countries without free presses. Edson Tandoc, Jr., a doctoral student in the MU School of Journalism, says that press freedom directly predicts life satisfaction across the world.
"We already know that having reliable, objective news sources can benefit democracy, but in this study, we found that press freedom also benefits communities by helping improve the overall quality of life of citizens and, in the process, by also making them happier," Tandoc said. "People enjoy having an element of choice about where they get their news. Citizens of countries without a free press are forced to rely on the government for information, when what people really want is diversity in content where they are free to get the information they want from the source of their choosing."
Tandoc and his co-author, Bruno Takahashi from Michigan State University, analyzed data from 161 countries using a 2010 Gallup Poll evaluating happiness levels around the world. Tandoc and Takahashi compared those happiness levels with Freedom House's press freedom index which rates the level of each country's press freedom. They also examined human development statistics gathered by the United Nations as well as the Environmental Performance Index created by researchers at Yale Center for Environmental Law & Policy. Tandoc found that the more press freedom a country enjoyed, the higher the levels of life satisfaction, or happiness, of its citizens tended to be.
"The road to happiness isn't direct; it is a complex path or web that includes many different influences and interrelationships," Tandoc said. "Things like improving the economy alone are insufficient for increasing happiness. Protecting press freedom is also an important component of the happiness web."
Tandoc also found that countries with higher levels of press freedom enjoyed better environmental quality and higher levels of human development, both of which also contribute to life satisfaction. He credits this to the watchdog function of the press, which helps expose corruption of all levels in a community.
"A country with a free press is expected to be more open about what is wrong in their societies and with their environments," Tandoc said. "A free press is likely to report about poor human conditions and environmental degradation, bringing problems to the attention of decision-makers. It should not come as a surprise, therefore, that press freedom is positively related to both environmental quality and human development."
This study was published in the Social Indicators Research journal and presented at the International Communication Association 2012 conference in Phoenix.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
|Nicotine Gum (Code C15663)|
|Terms & Properties|
Preferred Name: Nicotine Gum
Definition: A chewing gum containing nicotine used as a substitute for the active ingredient in tobacco. Nicotine chewing gum reduces the withdrawal symptoms associated with smoking cessation.
NCI-GLOSS Definition: A chewing gum that contains a small dose of nicotine, which enters the blood by being absorbed through the lining of the mouth. This helps stop nicotine cravings and relieves symptoms that occur when a person is trying to quit smoking. A prescription is not needed for nicotine gum.
Label: Nicotine Gum
NCI Metathesaurus Link: C0068722 (see NCI Metathesaurus info)
Synonyms & Abbreviations: (see Synonym Details)
External Source Codes:
|CAS Registry Number||96055-45-7 (see NLM ChemIDplus info)|
|Name||Value (qualifiers indented underneath)|
Additional Concept Data:
|Defined Fully by Roles: No|

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Folktale Unit: Paul Bunyan and the Big Blue Ox
Debbie Haren, Preschool Teacher
To learn about an old folktale and to learn new vocabulary.
Materials: Paul Bunyan
by Steven Kellogg
Shared Reading: Paul Bunyan
- Do we chop down trees the same way today as they did back then?
- What do we use use?
- Are there any big words in this book that you can tell me what they mean?
- How did the Ox help Paul?
- How did Paul and his friends get rid of the tree stumps?
- Who was Paul's male friend in the story?
- How did you feel about Paul chopping down all those trees?
- What is a pioneer?
We have read several different folk tales. I would like you to tell me which one is your favorite so far and why.
7 lessons for learning about folktales: What is a Fairy Tale or Folk Tale?, The Princess and the Golden Shoes, The Emperor and the Kite, Paul Bunyan, Pecos Bill, The True Story of the Three Little Pigs, and Johnny Appleseed.
Folktale Unit Ideas
Ideas to go with reading folktales.


Most adaptations to French Properties would require a permission known as a Permis de Construire. It is something in between Planning Permission and Building Regulation Drawings as in the British system.
Such an application would involve a set of drawings which would normally be a prelude to the information required for instructing builders. These drawings require the building to be measured and drawn with the desired modifications worked out with the owner.


Lahr Collegiate Church (Stiftskirche)
Bei der Stiftskirche 2, 77933 Lahr
In the year 1259, Lady Heilika von Finstingen and her husband Walter von Geroldseck donated money to found a hospital together with a monastery to be built near their Lahr castle. In 1482 this monastery was converted into a secular institution and its church became the Lahr municipal parish church. It was then rebuilt in the new Gothic style and is thus one of the earliest examples of Gothic design in the whole Upper Rhine region.
Official content of Lahr
Ihre Sicherheit liegt uns am Herzen
Other striking features include the ambo next to the altar (remains of the late Gothic pulpit), a well-preserved, late-Gothic gravestone in the north aisle (that of Jakob von Brombach, a senior civil servant and church advocate who died in Lahr 1554). There is also a large Mühleisen organ inserted above the portals. This new organ was constructed in three stages between 1969 and 1997 and is based on the famous original Silbermann organ which had been destroyed by a fire in 1877. The present-day appearance of the Collegiate Church dates from extensions and renovations in the 19th century.
How to find us


Sentence for discourage | Use discourage in a sentence
Discourage sentence examples. ESL students, professors, & those learning a new language might especially enjoy this webpage. The lines of text below use discourage in a sentence, and provide visitors a sentence for discourage.
 - Doria to interdict, or at least discourage, his visits, for the appearance of the man was that of an embodied sigh and groan. (10)
 - It is surely my duty to discourage such romantic nonsense. (4)
 - It would not discourage me. (9)
Glad you visited this page with a sentence for discourage. Perhaps also see a sentence for drugs and ways to use digression in a sentence. Now that you've seen how to use discourage in a sentence hope you might explore the rest of this educational reference site to see many other example sentences which provide word usage information.
People looking for: "discourage in sentence", "sentence of discourage", "use discourage in a sentence", visited this page.


text:
Print the stencil and use it to trace the ostrich beak and feet onto yellow foam sheet. Use scissors to cut out the beak and feet. Press the foam ball onto the end of the duster. Glue googly eyes onto the front of the foam ball.
With an adult's help, use scissors to cut a groove into the foam ball just below the eyes. Put a bit of glue into the groove and press the wide edge of the beak into the groove. Wrap one end of the yellow chenille stem to the top of both legs and use the other end to attach it to the bottom of the duster.
Your ostrich is ready to go!


text:
During the different phases of a masonry project, contractors collect detailed information about the labor productivity of its workers and the factors that influence productivity. Information includes quantitative data such as hours, activities, and tasks, and qualitative data such as ratings and personality factors. Personality factors have been found to be a key aspect that influences the compatibility of a crew and the productivity in masonry construction. This paper proposes a mathematical framework to determine how the compatibility between the workers in a crew can be used to predict productivity. A standard method for quantifying personality is used to determine the compatibility of a crew and empirically define a probability density to predict productivity. The probability density determines, for a given compatibility, the average productivity for a crew. The most interesting part of this probability density is that it accounts for variations in the productivity, resulting from the interaction and the relationships between the workers in a crew. The proposed probability distribution can be used to make more realistic predictions, by calculating confidence intervals, of the productivity of masonry crews and to better estimate times of construction, avoid crew conflicts, and find practical ways to increase production.
masonry construction, productivity, process improvement, crew formation, probability density
Florez, L. & Cortissoz, J. C. 2017, 'Probability Density Function for Predicting Productivity in Masonry Construction Based on the Compatibility of a Crew' In:, 25th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction. Heraklion, Greece, 9-12 Jul 2017. pp 655-662


text:
The wintertime is great for shooting photos for your gallery or social media. The winter snow falling on the ground and stacking up on the trees can be a beautiful sight.
However, you have to be lucky to find some snow falling and ensure it doesn't damage your camera's batteries.
If you're an influencer or Instagram model it can be difficult to look your best in the winter season with risks of dried skin and frostbite.
So, how do you add a realistic snowing effect even when it's not actually snowing?
How to add snow to a photo using Bunnypic
Fortunately, we have developed Bunnypic. An online Photoshop tool that has similar features to Photoshop that is free-to-use and requires no sign-up.
In this article, we'll look at how to add a realistic snowing effect to your photos using Bunnypic.
1. Open your image in Bunnypic
Go to the Bunnypic editor and click on Open from computer and select the image you want to add snow to.
2. Create a new layer
Next, we'll create a new layer on which we will add the snow effect.
- Go to Layer > New Layer or press CTRL+SHIFT+N.
- Double-click the layer under the Layers panel and rename it to "snow".
- Next, we'll color it black. Do this by going to Edit > Fill and select Black.
- With the new layer now black, click OK.
3. Add Noise filter
Now that the document is set up we can start adding snow to the image.
To do this we need to add the noise filter:
- With the "snow" layer selected go to Filter > Noise >Add Noise.
- Set the amount around 20-30%, set the distribution to Gaussian and check Monochromatic.
- Once done, click OK.
This will have your document looking like this:
This grain effect is going to act as our snow however, the dots are too small.
4. Scale the noise filter
We will increase the size of the noise filter by using the scale option in Bunnypic.
- Go to Edit > Transform > Scale.
- On the top menu bar change the width (W) and height (H) of the image from 100% to 400%.
- Click the Tick icon to save your changes.
Now, our snow layer is looking much better.
5. Cropping the excess snow
When we scaled up the noise in our snow layer it also increased the size of the layer as well. To see how much excess hidden snow we have:
- Select the Move tool from the left toolbar.
- On the top bar click on Transform controls.
- Zoom out of the image using the Zoom tool or pressing CTRL+ "-" till you see the edges of your selection.
You can see that there is a lot of hidden snow in our document.
All this excess is going to be added to your final document which will increase the file size. To remove this excess we need to crop the layer.
Firstly, deselect the image by unchecking the Transform controls and zooming in on your photo. Zoom in by going to View > Fit on screen or press CTRL+0.
To crop the layer:
- Go to Select > All or press CTRL+A. This will select everything on the layer.
- With everything selected, go to Image > Crop to crop the image.
- Now, deselect the layer by going to Select > Deselect or press CTRL+D.
Your photo is now cropped to normal size. You can confirm this by selecting the Move tool and clicking transform controls. The boundaries of the image should appear on the ends of the snow layer.
6. Convert the layer into a Smart Object
We'll convert the snow layer to a smart object so we can edit it later if needed.
With the snow layer selected, go to Layer > Smart Object > Convert to Smart Object.
7. Blend the layers together
Next, we want to blend the snow layer with the original image.
To do this go to blending mode under the layers panel and set the blending mode to Screen.
This will hide all the black color from the layer and give a snowing effect.
8. Add Motion Blur
Till now our photo is looking great but the snow is not realistic as it doesn't give the falling effect. We need to give the snow some "motion" and to do this we will use the motion blur filter.
To add the motion blur filter:
- Go to Filter > Blur > Motion Blur.
- Adjust the distance and angle of the blur. The distance increases the amount of blur and the angle determines the direction of the blur.
- Once you're happy with the blur Click OK.
In this image the distance is 14px and the angle is -44 to give it a more realistic effect.
Adding a snow effect to your photos can really brighten them up. However, when it's not snowing it can be difficult to get those beautiful cinematic shots.
Thankfully, our free online editor, Bunnypic is great for adding a realistic snowing effect to your photos without Photoshop.


text:
The definition of a bruin is a bear.(noun)
An example of a bruin is the mascot of the Boston hockey team, the Blades.
See Bruin in Webster's New World College Dictionary
Origin: Du, brown
See Bruin in American Heritage Dictionary 4
Origin: Middle English
Origin:, name of the bear in History of Reynard the Fox, translated by William Caxton
Origin: from Middle Dutch bruun, bruin, brown, name of the bear in the Middle Dutch version of the fable; see bher-2 in Indo-European roots.
Learn more about Bruin


text:
The vice chancellor of Gloucestershire University has suggested that video games should play a role in the state education of the UK's youth.
Patricia Broadfoot, vice-chancellor of the University of Gloucestershire, said computer games could be used to assess creativity in schools.
According to The Times Higher Education, Broadfoot told the International Association for Educational Assessment conference in Brisbane last month:
"Games are excellent learning tools in that they are interactive and provide rapid feedback, opportunities for extensive practice, engagement with intellectual complexity, emotional involvement and, increasingly, open-ended outcomes that challenge the creativity of the player," she said.
They also offer training in metacognition, strategic thinking, concentration and even social skills, she added.
"Perhaps most important of all for many students is the level of engagement that computers can provide," she said.
"Engagement, as we have seen, is the essential starting point for creative thinking, whether this is at school, at university or in the workplace."
Current tests in the space are limited for assessment needs on a large scale, Professor Broadfoot said, adding that the sector needed to "embrace the full potential of the information age".


ZeFamily Legacy of Brioche Pasquier
ZeBot & ZoeBot Have Breakfast at Brioche Pasquier"When someone shares a special family recipe with you, you become part of their family."
That's what my friend Hugues Pasquier told me when we shared a breakfast made with the brioche his family has been baking from the same recipe since 1936.
It was true: as my cousin ZoeBot and I savored each buttery golden bite, we felt the Pasquier family's culinary heritage deep in our stripes.
If you're an average American kid (or zebra), you may not have ever tried brioche. But in France, kids (and a few lucky zebras) have been eating brioche their whole lives.
Brioche (pronounced bree-oshe) is a French bakery specialty that looks and tastes like a magical cross between a bread and a cake.
Brioche by Chardin, 1763
Food historians say that's it been a tradition since medieval times, with the recipe becoming richer with butter and eggs as the centuries passed.
Hugues told us that his grandfather Gabriel Pasquier was legendary for the brioche he crafted at his bakery in the tiny village of Les Cerqueux in France's Loire River Valley.
Gabriel's Bakery
Gabriel's recipe was unique because he always used two very special ingredients.
One was the family's own levain, which is a natural sourdough starter that makes brioche (and other baked goods) rise. A starter works pretty much the same way modern yeast does, but it's an older and more traditional way to leaven baked goods. Continue reading


text:
The Liberty Ship John Muir
by Harold Wood
According to Edwin Way Teale, in his otherwise excellent book
The Wilderness World of John Muir
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1954), "during the First World War, a liberty
ship was christened the SS John Muir." Teale had his wars mixed up.
In actuality, all "Liberty Ships" were built during and used in the
Second World War, not the first.
The Liberty Ship John Muir was built in 1942. It was one of approximately 2700 Liberty Ships built during Second World War. A "Liberty Ship" was an emergency cargo ship, mass-produced
using a common design. As German submarines kept sinking supply ships, it was important
to the war effort to mass-produce as many new ships as possible for transporting supplies. So Liberty Ships had to be constructed quickly - in under six months. Since many hundreds of Liberty Ships were sunk under enemy fire during World War II, new Liberty Ships had to be built to replace them over and over again. Remarkably, the Liberty Ship John Muir survived the war, and was finally scrapped in 1966.
Liberty Ships were to be named, quite simply, after outstanding Americans, heroes and leaders in American history. This was easy for the first 300 ships, but became increasingly more difficult as the ship-building program expanded into the thousands. The simple list of the founding fathers and patriots had to be expanded into some 60 name lists, including authors, athletes, abolitionists, painters, historians, political and social reformers, scientists, college presidents, feminists, merchant marine heroes, railroad builders, diplomats, explorers, Indians, and pioneers. And not only Americans were recognized. Interestingly, several people who were friends of John Muir also had Liberty Ships named after them:
John Bidwell, John Burroughs, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Asa Gray,
David Starr Jordan, William Keith, William Kent, Joseph LeConte, Enos A. Mills, Harriet Monroe, Theodore Roosevelt,
Josiah D. Whitney, and S. Hall Young.
Here's the data about the Liberty Ship John Muir:
- Hull Number: 1226
- Date Built: December, 1942
- Built by: Marinship Corp., Sausalito,California, Yard No. 4.
- Scrapped: Portland, Oregon, May 1966
- Named after: Naturalist, explorer, conservationist, responsible for the establishment of the Yosemite National Park
- Length: 441 ft. 6 inches
- Breadth: 56 ft 10 3/4 inches
- Depth: 37 feet 4 inches
- Gross Tons: 7176 DWT: 10,414 tons
- Speed: 10-11 knots
Information provided by:
Captain C.J. Carroll
U.S. Merchant Marine, Retired
Captain of a Liberty ship at age 22 during the WW2
Still looking fir Mermaids.
Captain Carroll kindly responded to our April, 1998 request for information on
Liberty Ships: The Ugly Ducklings of World War II
by John Gorley Bunker (Annapolis, Naval Institute Press, 1972),
The Liberty Ship
by L.A. Sawyer and W.H. Mitchell
(Cornell Maritime Press, 1973),
The Liberty Ships - The People behind the
by Captain Deschamps, P.O.Box 10156 Bainbridge Island, Washington 98110.
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How Do I Calculate Beam Size?
How do you find the width of a beam?
As per IS code 456 depth and width of beam depend on its length of beam and various types of load acting on it.
according to as per IS code 456 minimum depth of simply supported beam is about L/20 and minimum width of beam is about depth/1.5..
What is the maximum length of beam?
Span (distance) between two columns One can use beams of size 9″ X 12″ (225 MM x 300MM) with a slab thickness of 5″ (125 MM) cast in M20 concrete for spans up to 5m. There are other considerations like secondary and tertiary spans, point loads and wall loads which have to be considered.
What is depth of beam?
Introduction. A beam is considered as a deep beam when the ratio of effective span to overall depth is <2.0 for simply supported members. The beam theories which are based on assumptions are useful in case of those problems, where thickness of beams is moderate.
How far can a beam span without support?
What is the maximum length of cantilever beam?
That is the ratio of effective length to effective depth of the member. IS 456: 2000 prescribed a limiting value of 'l/d'=7, for cantilever beams for spans up to 10m. So, if we go beyond a certain length, we will end up with large depths as per the relation: d=l/7.
What is effective depth of beam?
For the design of the longitudinal tension reinforcement, the effective depth of a section, d is defined as the distance from the extreme concrete fibre in compression to the centre of gravity of the longitudinal tension reinforcement.
How much weight can a 2×12 beam hold?
How much weight can a 2×12 support horizontally? A 2×12 can withstand about 180 pounds per foot or about 2100 pounds.
What is the standard size of beam?
THE STANDARD SIZE OF THE BEAMS In a residential building it is 9 ʺ × 12 ʺ or 225 mm × 300 mm standard size according to (IS codes). The minimum RCC beam size should not be less than 9 ʺ × 9 ʺ or 225mm × 225mm with the addition of a 125mm slab thickness.
How do I calculate house beam size?
What is the minimum size of footing?
12 inchesThe minimum depth of footings below the surface of undisturbed soil, compacted fill material or controlled low strength material (CLSM) shall be 12 inches (305 mm). Where applicable, the requirements of CBC Section 1809.5 shall also be satisfied. The minimum width of footings shall be 12 inches (305 mm).
How far can a 2×8 beam span without support?
What is the minimum depth of beam?
How do you design a beam?
The design of concrete beam includes the estimation of cross section dimension and reinforcement area to resist applied loads. There are two approaches for the design of beams. Firstly, begin the design by selecting depth and width of the beam then compute reinforcement area.
How do you size a ridge beam?
Determining the Ridge Beam Height For example, if the slope is 4 in 12, and the run is 12 feet, the ridge beam height (M) will be 4 feet. The finished ridge beam height (Z) above the top of the wall will be (M) plus the Y Height. The formulas are: M = (R * X) / 12.
What size ridge beam do I need to span 20 feet?
If it is a 20′ span in the ridge beam you could easily need 3-18″ LVL's if not more and 18′ rafters will probably need to be 11 7/8's I joists.
How thick should a ridge beam be?
Ridge board shall be at least 1-inch (25 mm) nominal thickness and not less in depth than the cut end of the rafter.
What is a width?
The measurement of the extent of something from side to side. … Width is defined as the quality of being wide, or the measurement of distance from side to side. An example of width is a 36″ measurement for a table's wideness.
What is the minimum and maximum distance between two columns?
The Minimum Spacing or Distance between two column should not be less than 2.5 Meter. It Must be 2.5 Meter minimum distance. Or, Maximum Spacing & Distance of two Columns Should not be less than 7.5 meter.
How far can a triple 2×12 beam span?
Joist SpansSouthern Pine3-2X1011′-0″3-2X1213′-0″Douglas Fir-Larch, Hem-Fir, Spruce-Pine-Fir, Redwood, Cedars, Ponderosa Pine, Red Pine3X6 OR 2-2X64′-5″3X8 OR 2-2X85′-8″17 more rows


ConnectionManagementElement.MaxConnection Property
Gets or sets the maximum number of connections that can be made to a remote computer.
Namespace: System.Net.Configuration
Assembly: System (in System.dll)
[ConfigurationPropertyAttribute("maxconnection", IsRequired = true,
 DefaultValue = 1)]
public int MaxConnection { get; set; }
Property Value
Type: System.Int32
An integer that specifies the maximum number of connections.
This property specifies how many simultaneous connections are allowed between the local computer and the remote computer. The remote computer is specified using the Address property.
The MaxConnection property is per WebRequest.ConnectionGroupName. If an application is not changing WebRequest.ConnectionGroupName from the default, then the MaxConnection property applies to the entire application domain. If only a single application domain is running in your application, then the MaxConnection property setting is application-wide.
.NET Framework
Available since 2.0
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text: David Wilcock displays several examples of hidden ancient builder race bases found in orbit around Saturn. As the early German bell-crafts ventured deeper into the solar system, many ancient ruins were discovered throughout. Amongst the remains they found ancient bases hidden within the hollow interiors of the largest moons. The secret truth of these discoveries has been stealthily disclosed in surprising ways over the years. This presentation was originally presented November 30, 2015.


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Boat Conformation
The boat conformation (1) is one of the infinite number of conformations the cyclohexane ring could assume.
In the boat conformation the two bonds shown in red (2) are called flagpole bonds. The hydrogen atoms on the flagpole bonds are called flagpole hydrogens.
Close proximity of the flagpole hydrogens results in steric strain. Eclipsing of carbon-hydrogen bonds on adjacent carbon atoms (3) results in torsional strain.
Consequently, the boat conformation of cyclohexane ring is less stable than the chair conformation.


taskPilot – a tool for mentoring and motivating pilots.
Helping newly minted solo pilots move on to flying cross country is perhaps a bigger hurdle than learning to fly in the first place.
New pilots embarking on free flights are limited by the lack of a goal and a way to analyse their performance and measure their improvements.
It is well known that taking off with a proper goal in the form of a task, however simple, means the pilot lands back with a sense of success not found after an aimless free flight.
To help with this transition to cross country, taskPilot is based around the concept of gliding clubs running leagues amongst their pilots, scored using racing and AAT style tasks set up for varying experience levels and weather conditions.
A pilot can choose a suitable task, then access information created by experienced pilots about possible ways to do the task, review landout options and so on, and create a goal and a plan for the flight, rather than taking off and free flying and not going anywhere in particular.
On return pilots load up the igc file from their flight which is scored automatically using a simple time and handicapped distance scheme, then displayed on the club league table.
Pilots can opt for privacy if they want. Unless set to private, all flights are available for anyone to view.
Pilots then have a way of measuring how well they performed. Traces can be reviewed and compared with other pilot's traces to seek ways to improve.
Where clubs have a single seater which is flown by a number of pilots for an hour or so each, then short local tasks can be set up for, e.g. the 'LS4 class', which are speed only, again so pilots take off with a plan.
It is believed that by giving pilots these tools to measure and improve their performance, and enabling them to land back with a sense of achievement, will maintain their interest, hopefully moving on to longer flights, even competitions.
And keep them in the sport.
Click on 'Help' on the top menu bar and choose 'Help with demo' This will take you to log on details along with a walkthrough of the main features.
If gliding clubs want to get access to this app, use the contact menu bar option and send in your details.


text:
Having a unifying theme for a presentation can make it coherent and easy to follow for audiences. A disjointed presentation which is not bridged together by a unifying theme can be hard to follow for audiences and could be the determining factor in success or failure. A Basketball Presentation can be used to create a holistic message from start to finish.
Whether the presentation is centered on the game of basketball, or just needs to be focused, this template can be a major asset. Commonality among all slides will increase the engagement for the target audience and make it easier to recall the main message long after the presentation is finished. Using a Basketball Presentation template will show the audience the effort put into the presentation, and reflect professionalism and passion about the topic.
How to Use a Basketball Presentation Template
- First, download the free Basketball Presentation template and save the document. Open the template and give it a unique title to instantly engage the audience.
- Next, identify key points to be made during the presentation. Put these points in prominent positions wherever you want within the easy-to-use template.
- After that, add supporting details and other information to the open spaces on the template. Titles, subtitles, bullet points and layout can all be easily customized to fit the content while maintaining the symmetry of the presentation.
- Then, edit the final production of slides by using a variety of transitions. Keep the audience interested and entertained with creative movements from one slide to the next.
Tips for a More Effective Basketball Presentation
- Use text features to highlight key words or phrases. The highly customizable features of the template allow for text to be highlighted in a variety of ways. Increased font size, special fonts, or making words bold can all draw the audience's attention to a key point.
- Include videos, graphs, or other visuals to articulate information. Often, words can lead to confusion or be more difficult to understand than a simple graph.
- Videos and pictures can increase the viewer's interest in the Basketball Presentation. Videos are especially effective at the beginning of the presentation.
- Explore different layouts within the customizable slides. The easy to use template allows for total freedom to create a layout which enhances the content.
- Utilize different background images to transition among topics. The template has a number of dynamic background images which can be utilized to reflect a change within your presentation.
This Basketball Presentation template gives the audience a thematically unified message while allowing the customization and personalization to increase effectiveness.
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text: Purpose-The aim of this piece of research was to detail the scope and nature of sectarianism as experienced by employees, managers and those with trade union responsibilities, in the Northern Ireland workplace. Design/methodology/approach-Four large organizations, two from the private and two from the public sector, were recruited to take part in this qualitative study. In-depth inter-views were carried out with managers and trade union personnel. Focus groups were run with employees. Findings-Data were submitted to thematic analysis. The major themes to emerge included: the extent of experienced sectarianism, sources of sectarianism, the nature of sectarian harassment, ''tolerable'' sectarianism, and the management of difference. Research limitations/implications-Short-comings of the study include the possibility that social desirability effects could have operated to underplay sectarian attitudes. Again the limitations of a qualitative methodology in providing estimates of the extent of sectarianism in the broader population are acknowledged. Practical implications-Practical implications of the findings for controlling sectarianism and managing diversity are discussed in terms of organizational formalization, the promotion of a common ingroup workforce identity, and the informal procedures used by employees to manage difference on a day-to-day basis. Originality/value-The study is particularly pertinent, given that there has been little attempt to capture the experiences of sectarianism in workplaces from the perspective of managers, employees and trade union personnel.


sadly it or itPlayer do not make very good variable names. – zsawyer Jun 27 '13 at 14:30
_USER_ What about Prime? – bib Jun 27 '13 at 15:58
Just had a Simpson's flashback: "Now you are the player that is IT." +1 – cobaltduck Jun 27 '13 at 16:26
_USER_ I am really looking for a word that by itself directly relates to turn taking. But rereading your Answer, taggedPlayer came to mind. – zsawyer Jun 27 '13 at 16:27
Some wargames define a 'Phasing Player'. I wouldn't use that in normal speech, but it might work in your context.
share|improve this answer
It does if I abstract the "turns" to "phases". – zsawyer Jun 27 '13 at 18:10
Generally several phases make a turn. 1 turn consists of, for example, Unit Placement phase, Movement Phase, Combat Phase. Some games interleave these phases between players, so the concept of a player turn doesn't work. – Chris Cudmore Jun 27 '13 at 18:19
If you're concerned about it being understandable by others, why not keep it simple with something like "going_player" or "player_with_turn".
share|improve this answer
I simply didn't think of "going player". Not sure the sentence "I am the player with turn." would make sense but as a variable that is totally acceptable. – zsawyer Jun 27 '13 at 20:18
In many strategic board games, the phrases "phasing player" and "non-phasing player(s)" are used in rule books. It is common in these games to have multi-phased turns, so a distinction is made between the player whose turn it is, and the player who is currently "phasing", or is in possession of he initiative for the current phase.
The phrase "active player" is also occasionally heard.
share|improve this answer
Why not something from drama vocabulary, something simple like acting player or staging player? (but obviously not playing player).
share|improve this answer
If you're interfacing with the user then "It" would be a good way to do it. The player that is now active or "turning" is told "You're IT!" A player attempting to do something only IT can do is told "Sorry, you're not IT!"
As to program design, does this really belong here? Sounds more like a StackOverflow question, but who am I to complain?
Since only one player at a time can be IT, and there are qualities of the IT player that wouldn't apply to non-IT players (I presume), I would make the TurningPlayer (I like that class name, btw) a class that inherits from the Player class. I'd consider making it a Singleton (just because there can only be one -- obligatory Highlander reference).
share|improve this answer
We're getting off-topic with the programming chatter, but I in most cases disagree with your inheritance suggestion. Not going to go into detail here, but for one, players tend to switch between active and inactive fairly often. – Anton Golov Jun 27 '13 at 16:54
The OP was already off-topic; it's not my fault. As to players switching between active and inactive, there can still only be one active at a time, in a turn-based game. As you say, off-topic so I will say no more. – Cyberherbalist Jun 27 '13 at 17:14
I cannot imagine some saying "I am it at blackjack." with my current knowledge I would have to resort to "I am playing blackjack, and it's my turn." It conveys very little information. You would still need to inquire what "it" actually meant (maybe the winner?). That is why I am against it. The ideal case is that the word is self-evident and conveys the context (i.e. that the context is in the turn-based domain). – zsawyer Jun 27 '13 at 18:24
Of course you are correct. "It" applies to only a subset of the possible games. The actual designation should be left as a configuration matter, assuming that the game engine might be used in other games. I was mainly concerned with the class nomenclature thing anyway, being a programmer, and it is a fact that your original question (now modified) spoke of the programming aspect of it. My answer is now somewhat hobbled. Oh, well. Sounds like an interesting task you have! Best of luck at it! – Cyberherbalist Jun 27 '13 at 20:32
First let me begin by saying that I am a total ignoramus where computer programming is concerned. But in answer to the last part of the OP's question, may I suggest:
 - "Player on" mode
mode: a given condition of functioning; a status
share|improve this answer
Sorry for luring you off topic. The variable stores the player object not a mode, your answer is about program design. But thanks. – zsawyer Jun 27 '13 at 20:15
_USER_ Oh, no problem. I have not the slightest clue what The variable stores the player object not a mode means so I was expecting to hit off target. Thanks for leaving a comment. :) – Mari-Lou A Jun 27 '13 at 20:19
I'd use the phrase "in turn", and thus name your variable playerInTurn or nextInTurn:
in turn (not comparable)
 1. One after the other; one at a time; in succession; successively.
 - The teacher answered the students each in turn.
 - Each member of the group, in turn, rose to share a personal story, until nearly everyone in the room had spoken.
 - Eventually, each of the countries in turn would be brought to submission by the invading force.
 2. In due order; in proper sequence; in a determined or measured sequence, as a waiting line or queue.
 - You are next in turn to bat.
 - The boy was next in turn to sit on Santa's lap.
 3. In response; in return.
 - The musical ambassadors finished their performance, and the local musicians in turn played for them a traditional ballad.
 4. Having a relationship sequentially comparable to one just mentioned;accordingly or similarly, with respect to sequence, precedence, or hierarchy.1
 - The vassals were subject to their lords, who in turn were subject to barons or kings.
 - My car was hit by a truck, which in turn was hit by the van.
 - Mr. X leaked the secret to Mr. Y who in turn leaked it to Mr. Z.
The above is an excerpt from Wiktionary's "in turn" article.
share|improve this answer
Seems like the next modifier produces this meaning, "I am the player next in turn." -> nextInTurnPlayer? – zsawyer Jun 30 '13 at 4:49
This player can be referred to as the "next player to act". None of the other players can (legally) do anything at this point.
I would name the variable nextPlayerToAct.
For consistency with terminology elsewhere in the game, perhaps you would prefer to use "move" or "play" instead of "act".
share|improve this answer
Since a chess game is made up of a number of moves, and since it is common to say "Your move", how about
share|improve this answer
In some games it makes no difference; in others, it is critically different who's moving and whose turn it is. – MετάEd Jun 28 '13 at 4:32
what about, the player who is up?
a bit contextual i know but...
share|improve this answer
In baseball, the person whose turn it is to bat is called the batter. In chess, the person whose turn to move it is is the mover. For dice based-games, it would be the roller. For betting games such as poker, the bettor. The construction is verb -er, where the verb is for whatever it is, the person whose turn it is, is supposed to do.
share|improve this answer
I would simply say 'the turn player'. That's what we always used when I used to play Yu-Gi-Oh! at school.
share|improve this answer
Grammatically, this sounds rather dodgy to me. But I am curious, could you please give an example by using it in a sentence? – zsawyer Aug 22 at 18:13
Got to thinking about "turns" and once everyone has a turn it's like a "round" is over. so a player is like a tangential point on a round circle. The active player could be called the On-Point Player.
The other players then would be off-point players.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text:
Incremental Shuttle Walking Test
- The incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) was developed to simulate a cardiopulmonary exercise test using a field walking test.
Note: The ISWT is available from Prof Sally Singh, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Glenfield Hospital NHS Trust, Groby Road, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK or email: visit: _URL_ for further information on how to access..
- The patient is required to walk around two cones set 9 metres apart (so the final track is 10 metres) in time to a set of auditory beeps played on a CD.
- Initially, the walking speed is very slow, but each minute the required walking speed progressively increases.
- The patient walks for as long as they can until they are either too breathless or can no longer keep up with the beeps, at which time the test ends.
- The number of shuttles is recorded. Each shuttle represents a distance of ten metres (i.e each time the patient reaches a cone is 1 shuttle).
- The results of the ISWT can be used to prescribe the intensity of walking training (see Exercise Training section).
Standardisation of the ISWT is very important for obtaining meaningful outcomes.
The ISWT must be measured on twice to account for a learning effect. Please note that:
- The best result is recorded.
- If the repeat test is performed on the same day, 30 minutes rest should be allowed between tests.
- Debilitated individuals may require tests to be performed on separate days, but aim for tests to be less than one week apart.
- Only standardised instructions from the CD should be used. In contrast to the six-minute walking test, no encouragement should be given throughout the ISWT.
- A comfortable ambient temperature and humidity should be maintained for all tests.
- The walking track must be the same for all tests for a patient:
- Cones are placed nine metres apart.
- The distance walked around the cones is 10 metres.
The equipment needed to conduct the ISWT is identified in the attached checklist.
Before the ISWT
- Instruct the patient to dress comfortably and to wear appropriate footwear.
- Any prescribed inhaled bronchodilator medication should be taken within one hour of testing or when the patient arrives for testing.
- The patient should rest for at least 15 minutes before beginning the ISWT.
- Blood pressure.
- Heart rate.
- Oxygen saturation.
- Dyspnoea score.*
* Note: Show the patient the dyspnoea scale (e.g Borg scale) and give standardised instructions on how to obtain a score.
During the ISWT
Follow the instructions on the CD, and use the following standard prompts:
Incremental shuttle walk test instructions6
The object of the progressive shuttle walking test is to walk as long as possible, there and back along the 10-metre course, keeping to the speed indicated by the bleeps on the audio recording. You will hear these bleeps at regular intervals. You should walk at a steady pace, aiming to turn around the cone at one end of the course when you hear the first bleep, and at the other end when you hear the next. At first, your walking speed will be very slow, but you will need to speed up at the end of each minute. Your aim should be to follow the set rhythm for as long as you can. Each single bleep signals the end of a shuttle and each triple bleep signals an increase in walking speed. You should stop walking only when you become too breathless to maintain the required speed or can no longer keep up with the set pace.
The test is maximal and progressive. In other words, it is easier at the start and harder at the end. The walking speed for the first minute is very slow. You have 20 seconds to complete each 10-metre shuttle, so don't go too fast. The test will start in 15 seconds, so get ready at the start now. Level one starts with a triple bleep after the 4-second countdown.
- Each minute, record heart rate, SpO2 % and dyspnoea as well as number of shuttle that is completed as on the ISWT recording sheet.
- Monitor the patient for untoward signs and symptoms.
Ending the ISWT
The ISWT ends if any one of the following occur:
- The patient is more than 0.5 m away from the cone when the beep sounds (allow one lap to catch up).
- The patient reports that they are too breathless to continue.
- The patient reaches 85% of predicted maximum heart rate (maximum heart rate = 210 – 0.65 x age)
- The patient exhibits any of the following signs and symptoms:
- Chest pain that is suspicious of / for angina.
- Evolving mental confusion or lack of coordination.
- Evolving light-headedness.
- Intolerable dyspnoea.
- Leg cramps or extreme leg muscle fatigue.
- Persistent SpO2 < 85%.
- Any other clinically warranted reason.
At the End of the ISWT
- Seat the patient or, if the patient prefers, allow to the patient to stand.
- Immediately record oxygen saturation (SpO2)%, heart rate and dyspnoea rating.
- Two minutes later, record SpO2% and heart rate to assess the recovery rate.
- Record the total number of shuttles.
- Record the reason for terminating the test. The patient can be asked:"What do you think stopped you from keeping up with the beeps?"
The patient should remain in a clinical area for at least 15 minutes following an uncomplicated test.
ISWT as an outcome measure
The change in the distance walked in the ISWT can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of an exercise training program and / or to track the change in exercise capacity over time.
The minimum important difference (i.e. improvement) in the distance walked is an n improvement of 47.5 metres in ISWT and indicates that patients with COPD are 'slightly better'.8


_TAG_ hidden vs. DebuggerNonUserCode attribute
I got this great question from the mailbag:
 "[W]hat is the relation between the "# line hidden" directive and the DebuggerNonUserCode attribute? Are these the same?"
Short Answer:
They're both markings that library authors can put in their source code to mark certain portions as "hidden" to the end-user while debugging. In both cases, the debugger must detect them and do additional work to respect them. Visual Studio respects both of these. MDbg only respects _TAG_ hidden. _TAG_ marks lines within a function as hidden whereas the DebuggerNonUserCode marks entire functions as hidden.
More comparisons:
 _TAG_ hidden DebuggerNonUserCode
What does it affect? single set of continuous lines within a function entire function or class
What does compiler do with it? (How could other languages besides C# use this) Changes PDB mappings. Instructs the line to be mapped to 0xFeeFee, which serves as special value to debuggers to instruct it that that line is hidden. Just a normal custom attribute, stored in the executable file.
More info on MSDN : wiki link wiki link
Example usage and more detail from my blog here here
Dependency on CLR None. Existed since .NET 1.0. Depends on Just-My-Code (JMC), which was added in.Net 2.0
What could debugger do with it? This is purely a contract between the compiler and the debugger communicated via the PDBs.
If debugger stops at a line that maps to '_TAG_ hidden' it can elect to keep executing. It may elect to forbid breakpoints to be placed at hidden points. It stepping would normally stop at a hidden line, it may choose to continue stepping.
This requires the debugger to use JMC support from the CLR debugging services.
Debugger must use Just-My-Code stepping and mark functions as non-user code. Debugger marks frames with the DebugNonUserCode attribute as non-user code.
Note that since these are both enforced by the debugger, the debugger has to do extra work to make these features available to the end-user. But this also lets the debugger decide exactly what sort of policy it wants to expose. For example, the debugger can decide how to handle a breakpoint set in a function marked as DebuggerNonUserCode. (eg, Forbid it, warn the user, stop anyways, etc)
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text:
How are YOU going to celebrate National Peanut Day? Over here at Dish Trip we thought it was only appropriate to celebrate this famous in-flight food... in the air! So for our first ever "Food Flight," we staged a creative culinary competition for the unsuspecting passengers on a recent Southwest flight to Denver, CO.
Four courageous competitors were hand-picked by crew members (and by Southwest Airlines' own Brooks Thomas), and challenged to improvise their own in-flight culinary creation using peanuts — the featured ingredient — along with other food that would normally be found on a typical domestic flight. We also threw in some other bonus ingredients!
Check out the video below. Happy National Peanut Day to all of you who are Nuts about Southwest! And a special thanks to Nikki, Jeannie, and Adam for making this an amazing experience. And to Mandy, for being our muse!
Top-Ten Peanut Facts*
- The peanut is not a nut, but a legume related to beans and lentils.
- There are enough peanuts in one acre to make 30,000 peanut butter sandwiches.
- Two peanut farmers have been elected president of the US: Thomas Jefferson and Jimmy Carter.
- A peanut made it to the moon! Astronaut Allen B. Sheppard brought one with him in 1971.
- Peanuts contribute more than $4 billion to the US economy each year.
- There are four types of peanuts grown in the US: Runner, Virginia, Spanish and Valencia.
- The peanut plant originated in South America.
- A mature peanut plant produces about 40 pods that then grow into peanuts.
- Peanuts have a higher antioxidant capacity than grapes, green tea, tomatoes, spinach, broccoli, carrots and many other foods.
- Peanuts contain over 30 essential nutrients and are naturally cholesterol-free.
Ever wonder where the term "Peanut Gallery" comes from? The term became popular in the late 19th century and referred to the rear or uppermost seats in a theater, which were also the cheapest seats. People seated in such a gallery were able to throw peanuts, a common food at theaters, at those seated below them. It also applied to the first row of seats in a theater, for the occupants of those seats could throw peanuts at the stage, stating their displeasure with the performance.
* Peanut facts sourced from The National Peanut Board
Don't forget to follow us on Twitter _USER_ or friend Dish Trip on Facebook for more dining details in a city near you. Thanks for reading—we'll see you on the next Dish Trip. Do you have a favorite city or food destination that we should know about? Share with us in the comments below.
Southwest Airlines has procedures in place to assist our Customers with severe allergies to peanut dust. You can read about those procedures here.


text:
Random good picture Not show
1 Advance of freshet analysis is one of key measures of preventing or controlling flood, which have been widely applied on urban flood proofing, basin planning and engineering construction.
2 Freshet and power failure have an impact on construction for 2 hours.
3 Critical precipitation inducing freshet was analyzed and confirmed in this article through the relevant data of mountain torrent disaster and precipitation.
4 The basin information, the information and characteristic of the historical freshet disasters and the present situation of the rainfall information monitoring of Jian city were introduced.
5 This paper analyzed the reasons and the characteristics of the freshet disaster of Southern Jiangxi and put forword the main measures of the freshet disaster control.
More similar words: fresh, fresher, afresh, refresh, fresh air, freshman, freshness, freshwater, fresh water, refreshing, refreshment, foreshadow, threshold, fresco, reshuffle, foreshorten, foreshadowing, freedom of the press, house of representatives, mesh, flesh, enmesh, ice shelf, game show, flesh out, fleshly, whet, whether, fret, free.


text:
64 oz Clear PET Plastic Wide Mouth Jars (White PP Cap) - 34365
- 64 oz Clear PET Plastic Wide Mouth Jars
- Includes White PP Plastic Ribbed Cap with Foam Liner
- Lightweight, shatter-resistant PET plastic
Item # 34365
64 oz Clear PET Plastic Wide Mouth Jars with White PP Plastic Caps
These generously sized 64 oz clear plastic wide mouth jars are great for a pharmaceuticals, vitamins and nutritional supplements. Durable clear PET plastic allows customers to view the product inside. The large opening makes filling and dispensing a snap. Jars feature a recessed label panel and rounded shoulders and a square bead beneath the threads for enhanced performance of tamper-evident shrink bands (sold separately). Not recommended for use with liquids. Jars include a white PP plastic cap with foam liner.
- Container withstands autoclaving - sterilizing by achieved through high-pressure saturated steam and heat.
- BPA Non-Intent means BPA was not an intentionally added substance to the manufacturing process.
- Case Packed in a convenient re-shipper carton with carboard dividers, reducing damage and ideal for reuse.
- Child-resistant items are engineered & tested to reduce risks of children under 5 accessing harmful amount of contents, while being user-friendly for seniors.
- Dishwasher safe containers withstand high temperatures, water pressure, and detergents present in dishwashers.
- Products engineered to reduce negative environmental & economic impacts over their life cycle, from the raw materials to the final disposal.
- Constructed of FDA-compliant materials suitable for contact with food.
- Factory Mutual has tested & certified this product to ensure it meets rigorous loss prevention standards.
- Product is suitable for storing in freezer.
- Product has the ability to resist degradation under extreme heat.
- Container is suitable for high pressure processing.
- Containers engineered to prevent leaks and unplanned evacuation of contents. Must be used with cap provided to ensure leakproof performance.
- Product is suitable for microwave use.
- National Sanitation Foundation certifies this product & its manufacturing process comply with standards for safety, quality, sustainability or performance.
- Product is 100% recyclable.
- A tamper-evident container has one or more barriers to entry which if missing shows visual evidence the container was tampered with.
- Packaging engineered & rigorously tested to meet government standards for the shipment of regulated substances. Consult 49 CFR for proper use & labelling.
- US Dept. of Agriculture Approved. Visit _URL_ for more information.
- Provides varying degrees of protection from UV light. Test to ensure packaging meets product protection requirements.
- Learn about the Benefits of E-Commerce Ready Packaging


text:
Index to Plant Chromosome Numbers (IPCN)
The Index to Plant Chromosome Numbers is an NSF funded project that aims to extract and index original plant chromosome numbers of naturally occurring and cultivated plants published throughout the world. A committee of voluntary contributing editors, located in various parts of the world, reviews sets of serial titles assigned to them and returns the information to the editors for collation in the Index and database. Chromosome indexes are published at two or three year intervals. The Index to Plant Chromosome Numbers project has been based at the Missouri Botanical Garden since 1978. Data from published indexes from 1979 onward are available for consultation through this facility.
For additional information, see the last supplement by Goldblatt & Johnson 2006. Index to Plant Chromosome Numbers 2001-2003. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 106.
An Index covering the years 2004-2006 is in preparation and will be published in the fall of 2008 as: Goldblatt & Johnson 2008. Index to Plant Chromosome Numbers 2004-2006. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden.
Many but not all data in the printed version of the Index to Plant Chromosome Numbers (1979-- ) are available on the Web in the IPCN database. The printed indexes and the database provide references to chromosome counts reported in the original literature. We therefore request that the IPCN database itself not be cited as the source for chromosome counts. If there is a need to cite the IPCN database, we recommend the following:
Index to plant chromosome numbers. 1979--. P. Goldblatt & D. E. Johnson, eds. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.


The Queen's Music Club is made up of musicians looking for access to equipment and facilities in order to pursue music. We intend to provide an accessible rehearsal space for student use and foster the musician community at Queen's.
Our club facilitates three main activities. Firstly, we run open jam sessions on weeknights which students can attend after paying an initial membership fee. Secondly, we rent our rehearsal space to artists and bands in the Queen's community. Thirdly, we organize social events for students, including concerts and informal get-togethers.
 1. To enable students to continue in the pursuit of learning and creating music affordably, while attending university
 2. To unify the music community at Queen's university
 3. To provide equipment and facilities to students for the purpose of creating and learning music.
 4. To provide social functions and events with the purpose of adding to the variety of university life.
 5. To provide opportunities for members to perform on a regular basis
 6. The activities of the club shall be carried on with no intention of personal financial gain; all profits, grants, membership fees, and accretions shall be used uniquely for carrying out the club's objectives.
Alma Mater Society Footer Logo
Alma Mater Society of Queen's University
Alma Mater Society Footer Logo


text:
Evergreen New Student Survey
The Evergreen New Student Survey is used to:
Study students' future goals after college and their level of confidence in their ability to succeed at Evergreen and obtain the education that they want;
Study student perceptions of their own skills and knowledge, which provide a baseline for measuring learning progress later in their Evergreen experience;
Study reasons students chose to attend Evergreen in order to understand the match between Evergreen's academic offerings and services and the students who attend.
Gather demographic information that is not available through other means, such as college records. This information is useful for understanding students' backgrounds and responding to student needs and changing demographics.
The survey is integrated with the Evergreen Student Experience Survey and alumni surveys to provide for longitudinal research exploring student retention, student connection to the Evergreen learning community, and learning progress.


text:
I was given an explanation that birds and reptiles are polyspermic because they have an abundant yolk sac. But how does it explain the thing?
Chicken as an adult is not using in my opinion yolk as an energy source. Yolk is used during embryogenesis as the primary energy source with blastula and gastrula -stages and during organogenesis, since the embryo needs proteins and energy somewhere.
How does abundant yolk sac make birds and reptiles polyspermic?


text:
John Taylor's can trace its origins back to the middle of the 14th century. Indeed, while we were visiting, we saw a bell that had been cast in 1352 that had been returned for repair. Aside from the Latin inscription, it looked like other bells that were manufactured in the last 40 years, such is the longevity of the material and suitability to its use.
Taylor's is the largest bell foundry in the world. They cast the largest bell in Britain - Great Paul, the 17 tonne monster that hangs in St. Pauls. But most impressively, they provided the bells that AC/DC used on the Hell's Bells tour.
After an hour or two wandering around the workshop that tuned and repaired the bells, made the wooden wheels and twisted the ropes, the main event of the day was to see a bell casting. It is quite an event and there was an air of tension as we made our way into the foundry itself. It may have been an air of horse shit, as I understand that too plays a part in the traditional methods used.
After some testing of temperatures, the roaring furnace was turned off and several tonnes of molten bell metal poured into a crucible. From there, it was transferred by motorised hoist before being tipped into the casts that were buried in the sand floor.


text:
Article ID: 294901
This article was previously published under Q294901
When you print a TEXTAREA element that is larger than a single page, Internet Explorer only prints the first page of the TEXTAREA.
To work around this problem, hide the TEXTAREA element, and copy the contents of each TEXTAREA in a newly created DIV element during the onBeforePrint event. After you print the page, remove the DIV element during the onAfterPrint event, and the TEXTAREA becomes visible again. See the "More Information" section for a code sample that demonstrates this workaround.
Microsoft has confirmed that this is a bug in the Microsoft products that are listed at the beginning of this article.
The following code illustrates how to reproduce this problem:
In the actual results, only one page appears in preview, and only one page is printed. In the expected results, several pages should appear in preview, and all of the pages should print.
WorkaroundThe following code illustrates how to hide the TEXTAREA elements and replace them with DIV elements that contain the contents of the initial TEXTAREA elements:
For more information, see the following Microsoft Web site:
Introduction to Regular ExpressionsFor more information about developing Web-based solutions for Microsoft Internet Explorer, visit the following Microsoft Web sites:
Article ID: 294901 - Last Review: September 29, 2012 - Revision: 4.0
Retired KB Content Disclaimer
This article was written about products for which Microsoft no longer offers support. Therefore, this article is offered "as is" and will no longer be updated.


text:
Location of Bodega Bay and Bodega Harbor
|Nearest city:||Bodega Bay, California|
|Area:||3,170 acres (1,280 ha)|
|Added to NRHP:||December 18, 1973|
|Designated CHISL:||November 3, 1969|
Bodega Bay is a shallow, rocky inlet of the Pacific Ocean on the coast of northern California in the United States. It is approximately 5 mi (8 km) across and is located approximately 40 mi (60 km) northwest of San Francisco and 20 mi (32 km) west of Santa Rosa. The bay straddles the boundary between Sonoma County to the north and Marin County to the south. The bay is a marine habitat used for navigation, recreation, and commercial and sport fishing including shellfish harvesting.
Bodega Bay is protected on its north end from the Pacific Ocean by Bodega Head, which shelters the small Bodega Harbor and is separated from the main bay by a jetty. The San Andreas Fault runs parallel to the coastline and bisects Bodega Head, which lies on the Pacific Plate; the town is on the North American Plate. The village of Bodega Bay sits on the east side of Bodega Harbor. The bay connects on its south end to the mouth of Tomales Bay.
Streams flowing into Bodega Bay include the Estero de San Antonio and the Estero Americano. Accessible beaches on Bodega Bay include Doran Regional Park (on the jetty) and Pinnacle Gulch. Apart from the harbor, all of Bodega Bay lies within the boundaries of the Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary.
Coast Miwok native Americans lived on the shores of Bodega Bay. Documented village names include: Helapattai, Hime-takala, Ho-takala, and Tokau. There is speculation that Bodega Bay may have been Sir Francis Drake's Nova Albion landing location on the California coast.
Present day Bodega Bay was first charted in 1775 by the Spanish Peruvian explorer of the Spanish Navy Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra, but the bay that was originally named for him was not present day Bodega, but Tomales Bay. His ship, the Sonora, anchored in the lee of Tomales Point on October 3, 1775, departing the next day. Bodega y Quadra named Tomales Bay Puerto de la Bodega. "There is no evidence in the journal or on the charts that Bodega y Quadra ever saw the entrance to [present day] Bodega Harbour or knew of the lagoon to the north". Bodega y Quadra planned to return, but was not able to. Later, as commandant of the naval base at San Blas, New Spain, Bodega y Quadra sent other expeditions to Bodega Bay with the intention of establishing a colony and mission there. It was decided, however, that the location was non-ideal. "With the failure of the Bodega settlement, the Spanish left the field clear for Russian occupation" The first Russians to see Bodega Bay were the supervisors of the Aleut hunting parties aboard the American otter hunting ship Peacock in 1807. Timofei Osipovich Tarakanov of the Russian-American Company returned to Novo Arkhangelsk, Alaska and reported the location to Alexander Andreyevich Baranov the chief administrator of the RAC. Baranov instructed his assistant Kuskov to reconnoiter the area for a settlement. Commerce Counselor Ivan Alexandrovich Kuskov, of the Russian-American Company,sailing in the Kodiak, entered Bodega Bay on January 8, 1809. Instructed by Baranov to leave "secret signs" (possession plates), Kuskov buried possession plaques at Trinidad Harbour, Bodega Head,(or Tomales Point) and on the north shore of San Francisco Bay, indicating the Company's intention to claim this section of northern California for Russia. Temporary buildings were erected to house the Kodiak's complement of 190 crew (130 native Alaskan males, 20 native females,and 40 Russians)
The Kodiak remained in Bodega Bay until October, 1809, returning to Alaska with over 2,000 otter pelts. Kuskov returned to Novo Arkhangelsk, Alaska, reporting abundant fur bearing mammals, fish, timber and tillable lands. Baranov instructed Kuskov to return and establish a permanent settlement in the area. In 1811 Kuskov returned, this time aboard the Chirikov but found fewer otter in Bodega Bay (only 1,160 otter skins were taken). Three American ships were also operating in the area from a base in Drake's Bay, sending hunters into San Francisco Bay and the surrounding bays. Kuskov sailed the Brig Chirikov back to present day Bodega Harbour on March 15,1812, and "Since Bodega Anchorage and Bodega Harbour had not been claimed or named by the Spanish" Kuskov named it Rumyantzev, in honor of the Russian Minister of Commerce, Count Nikolai Petrovich Rumiantzof.
Zaliv Rumiantsev (Rumiantsev Bay) appears on the earliest Russian charts of Bodega Bay (1817–1819) identifying present day Bodega Bay and Bodega Harbour. Bodega Head was named Mouis Rumiantsev (Point Rumiantsev) While Tomales Point was named Point Great Bodega and Tomales Bay Great Bodega Bay, more or less conforming to Bodega y Quadra's original naming.
On his return Kuskov found otter now scarce in Bodega Bay, the harbour having been frequented by numerous American and English otter-hunting expeditions. After exploring the area they ended up selecting a place 15 mi (24 km) north that the native Kashaya Pomo people called Mad shui nui or Metini. Metini, the seasonal home of the native Kashaya Pomo people, had a modest anchorage and abundant natural resources and would become the Russian settlement of Fort Ross. By 1817 sea otter in the area were practically eliminated by international over-hunting. Zaliv Rumiantsev continued to be the main entre'port for the Russian Colony until January,1842, and the earliest European structures built at Bodega Bay were the wharf, warehouse and barracks of the Russian-American Company. Bodega Bay remained an active harbor for shipping lumber until the 1870s, when the North Pacific Coast Railroad was built, bypassing the coast in favor of a more inland route.
Bodega Bay was the setting for the 1963 Alfred Hitchcock film, The Birds, starring Rod Taylor, Tippi Hedren and Suzanne Pleshette. The original 1980 horror film The Fog was also filmed in both Bodega Bay and the town as both locations are subject to thick and heavy fog.
Pacific Gas & Electric planned to build the first commercially viable nuclear power plant in the USA at Bodega Bay. The proposal was controversial and conflict with local citizens began in 1958. In 1963 there was a large demonstration at the site of the proposed Bodega Bay Nuclear Power Plant. The conflict ended in 1964, with the forced abandonment of plans for the power plant.
Marine protected areas near Bodega Bay
Like underwater parks, these marine protected areas help conserve ocean wildlife and marine ecosystems.
- Russian River State Marine Reserve and Russian River State Marine Conservation Area
- Bodega Head State Marine Reserve & Bodega Head State Marine Conservation Area
- Estero Americano State Marine Recreational Management Area
- Estero de San Antonio State Marine Recreational Management Area
See also
- "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 2010-07-09.
- "Bodega Bay and Harbor". Office of Historical Preservation, California State Parks. Retrieved 2012-10-15.
- State of California Water Quality Control Plan North Coastal Basin 1B July 1975 p.13
- "Sonoma County Regional Parks".
- "Access Genealogy: Miwok Indian Tribe".
- "Drake Latitudes on the Coast of California in 1579". Retrieved 2009-08-21.
- Clinton R. Edwards, Pacific Historical Review, 1964 vol.33: Wandering Toponyms:Puerto de la Bodega and Bodega Bay
- Adele Ogden, The California sea otter trade, _PHONE_, pg.58
- Hubert Howe Bancroft, Alfred Bates, Ivan Petroff, William Nemos (1887). History of Alaska: _PHONE_. San Francisco, California: A. L. Bancroft & company. p. 482. Retrieved Jan. 10, 2010.
- Thompson, R. A. (1896). The Russian Settlement in California Known as Fort Ross, Founded 1812...Abandoned 1841: Why They Came and Why They Left. Santa Rosa, California: Sonoma Democrat Publishing Company. p. 3. ISBN 0-559-89342-6. Retrieved Jan. 9, 2010.
- Suzanne Stewart and Adrian Praetzellis (November, 2003). Archeological Research Issues for the Point Reyes National Seashore - Golden Gate National Recreation Area (Report). Anthropological Studies Center, Sonoma State University. p. 335. _URL_


text:
Old English slāw'slow-witted, sluggish', of Germanic origin
The word slow is normally used as an adjective (a slow learner; the journey was slow). It is also used as an adverb in certain specific contexts, including compounds such as slow-acting and slow-moving and in the expression go slow. Other adverbial use is informal and usually regarded as nonstandard, as in he drives too slow and go as slow as you can. In such contexts, standard English uses slowly instead. The use of slow and slowly in this respect contrasts with the use of fast, which is completely standard in use as both an adjective and an adverb; there is no word 'fastly'.


text:
Motion to oppose changes to the uni 4 bus route.
Proposed by Jessica Wing (_EMAIL_), seconded by Sophie Buck (_EMAIL_)
- That the Universal bus service (formerly known as the 'Uni 4') is the only public transport link between Homerton, the Education Faculty, and the Sidgwick and West Cambridge sites, as well as the hill colleges;
- That students attending Homerton and the Education Faculty make up over 10% of the student body;
- That following the changes approved at the University Planning and Resource Committee (March 2016), as of November 2016 the bus route will no longer service Hills Road, and instead run along the guided busway;
- That the cited reason for this change is an estimated profit of £63,000 p/a; 5. That disabled students in particular will be adversely affected by this route change, which will result in an inequality of access to academic study.
- That neither Homerton nor the Education Faculty were consulted about the decision.
- That disabled students are entitled to equal access to education and social events;
- That the changes to the Universal bus route will create a significant barrier to accessing education and social events for the University's disabled students.
- To oppose the changes to the Universal bus route;
- To support and publicise the petition to oppose and reverse the decision.
Motion for CUSU to limit its promotion of external events to those that have step-free access.
- That CUSU is dedicated to providing events and opportunities for the entirety of the Cambridge student body;
- That the city of Cambridge is notoriously inaccessible to wheelchair users;
- That the ability to book many of the city's accessible rooms and buildings is limited by the availability of funds, and that businesses are far more likely than student societies and groups to have access to these resources;
- That in the majority of cases, events run by external organisations that CUSU advertises are talks and presentations.
- That external organisations advertising presentations, talks, and other similar events should do more to make their events accessible to all members of the student body;
- That CUSU should not endorse businesses that do not at the very least hold events with step-free access.
- To cease promoting and advertising businesses and other external organisations which fail to provide step-free access to their events;
- To more widely publicise this requirement through relevant channels.
Motion to encourage the use of access statements.
MICHAELMAS III (9TH NOVEMBER 2015)
Proposed by Robert Corbyn-Smith (CUSU DSC Disabled Students' Officer), seconded by Richard Birkett (CUSU DSC Computing Officer)
- That without access information, disabled students cannot make informed decisions about the events they attend;
- That a comprehensive access statement includes but is not limited to:
- Describing access into, around and out of the venue or event. For example: whether there is wheelchair access, step-free access or stepped access; whether there are automatic doors; the wayfinding and signage available;
- Describing the facilities the venue or event has. For example: whether there is an accessible or partially accessible toilet; whether there is an induction loop; the seating available;
- Providing a named contact for all access enquiries.
- That access statements are not, currently, widely used across the University;
- That event providers may not be aware of how to provide access information or what information to include in an access statement;
- That a short grace period will allow CUSU to develop and improve existing resources for event providers.
- That providing comprehensive and accurate access information is the first step in making all events accessible to as many students as possible;
- That CUSU needs to do more to ensure disabled students are welcome at and encouraged to participate in events across the University, not just specific disabled students events;
- That not providing access information when advertising events unfairly disadvantages disabled students, regardless of how accessible the event is.
- To work with the Disabled Students' Campaign [DSC] to improve and publicise the access statement generator on the DSC website, and, following an open consultation of disabled students, establish guidelines on what an access statement should minimally contain by the end of Michaelmas 2015;
- From the beginning of Lent term 2016, to include a comprehensive access statement with all CUSU organised events;
- From the beginning of Lent term 2016, to refuse to advertise any event without a suitable accompanying access statement;
- To mandate the CUSU Coordinator, working in conjunction with the DSC, to create a training session on the subject of hosting accessible events, to be delivered at the beginning of Lent term 2016 and open to all students of the University (but targeted specifically towards JCR/MCR/AC Officers and Society Committee Officers).


U2 song scientifically proven to be most effective in the world for helping young children get off to sleep
ONE OF U2's most iconic tracks has been identified as the perfect song for parents to play when trying to get any young children off to sleep.
Released back in February 1992, One topped the singles chart in Ireland and has regularly featured on lists of the world's greatest songs ever since.
However, if you were to play it to a young child, the chances are they would start to drift off. That's according to new research conducted by kid's bed specialist Cuckooland.
Researchers from Durham University analysed Spotify data linked to some 4,500 songs that regularly featured on lullaby playlists created on the music streaming service.
Annaliese Grimaud, a researcher at the Music & Science Lab at Durham University said:
"The function of a lullaby is to soothe a baby and put them to sleep, so common features we would expect to see in lullabies would be, a slow(ish) tempo, relatively quiet dynamics, simple rhythm pattern - potentially one that imitates a rocking movement - a simple melody that's easier to memorise and easier to sing, predictability achieved by repetitive phrases and verses, and a high pitch due to the connotations that mothers/females usually sing lullabies."
The study concluded that U2's One contains all the properties of the "perfect lullaby".
All of which contrasts much of the meaning behind the track, which is anything but idyllic.
The Edge, meanwhile, described as a "bitter, twisted, vitriolic conversation between two people who've been through some nasty, heavy stuff".
Not exactly the stuff of lullabies then.


how the XML is formatted. If you use the XmlSerializer regularly, then this should look familiar. The rule on OrderItem will check if the object is marked as dirty. If so, it tells the parent order to recalculate its total, and changes the dirty flag back to false. Notice also how the full type names are specified in this XML. Rules are always associated with a type. The rule names are also the same, but since they're on different types, it's OK.
RuleExec makes the job of coding a lot easier. We don't have to worry about running the parser ourselves or doing any of the set up work that was done in the previous section. The code below will create an Order, add an OrderItem to it, and change the number of units on that item:
Order o = new Order();
OrderItem oi = o.NewItem(2.3f, 2);
oi.Units = 5;
Console.WriteLine(" Total: " + o.Total);
Console.WriteLine(" Total: " + o.Total);
Looks much easier, huh? Here is the resulting output of this code:
 Total: 4.6
 Total: 11.5
Priorities and Halting
While working on my Guess Word game, I found that it is not guaranteed which order rules will be run in. They are not even run in the same order that they were entered into the RuleSet. Sometimes, it is necessary to run rules in a particular order. The solution to this is to use a priority.

The priority attributes in this rule set indicate that Rule1 should run before Rule2. While it may seem that Rule1 will run before Rule2 anyway, this is not guaranteed. To guarantee the order, we specify the priority. In this particular case, forward-chaining would take over and recognize that we changed the Bar property. If Rule2 runs before Rule1, the worst that could happen is that the rule set is run twice. But, imagine you have several rules, all changing properties. Unless you use priorities, the rules could end up running many more times than they have to.
Another feature that is needed is halting. Rules in Workflow Foundation are allowed to have halt commands. These commands can be inserted anywhere into a set of then or else actions. What puzzles me about this is that conditions and loops are not allowed in then or else actions, so there's always a sequential flow. Anything after a halt would therefore be unreachable. With this in mind, it is safe to make halting an attribute on a rule.
Obviously, halts are false by default, and do not need to be specified. The same goes for priority. By default, all priorities are zero, and the Workflow Foundation decides the order that they're run in.
The new Windows Workflow Foundation in.NET 3.0 adds a rules library that can be quite useful. There are times when you're writing an application that you feel that you'll need rules, but not workflow. That's the reason I've put together this library. Microsoft has included a rule-writing GUI that will end up writing a.rules file that pairs with your original source code. This is nice for the workflow environment, but the serialization is not in a human-readable format. Using my CodeDom expression parser, I have made it possible to write rules in the application configuration. My intention was to introduce people to this rules library, and to give them the ability to embed rules into their application.
What's Inside
Here's a listing of the files inside:
 - CodeDomExpParser - My CodeDom expression parser library.
 - DmCodeDom - CodeDom helper library.
 - Assignment.cs - Creates a CodeAssignmentStatement.
 - Declaration.cs - Creates a CodeVariableDeclarationStatement.
 - DmCdStmt.cs - Base class.
 - ExprStmt.cs - Creates a CodeExpressionStatement.
 - ForLoop.cs - Creates a CodeIterationStatement.
 - IfElse.cs - Creates a CodeConditionStatement.
 - DmCodeDom.TestHarness - NUnit test harness for the DmCodeDom library.
 - TestDmCd.cs - Contains code that was mentioned in the article.
 - DmRules
 - Configuration\DmRulesConfigHandler.cs - A configuration section handler to read the rules from the application configuration.
 - DmRule.cs - Represents a rule.
 - DmRuleSet.cs - Holds all the rules.
 - DmRuleTypeSet.cs - Pairs a rule with a type.
 - RuleExec.cs - Static helper class for running rules.
 - DmRules.TestHarness - NUnit test harness for DmRules.
 - BaseObject.cs - A base class that has the IsDirty property.
 - Order.cs - The Order class used above.
 - OrderItem.cs - The OrderItem class used above.
 - TestDmRules.cs - Contains code that was used in the article.
 - 0.1 : 2006-06-20 : Initial version
 - Updated the CodeDomExpParser library to work with.NET 2.0. Created the initial version of DmRules with the capability to run rules per type. The primary consideration for the future of the library is forward-chaining across types.
 - 0.2 : 2006-07-10 : Added priorities and halting
 - Rules are not guaranteed to run in any particular order. Assigning a priority can fix this problem. Sometimes, it is necessary to halt processing of other rules, a halt command has been added for this.
About the Author
Dustin Metzgar
Software Developer Microsoft
United States United States
No Biography provided
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Comments and Discussions
QuestionHow do i assign a string to a variable. Pin
asp.anjan20-Nov-10 19:09
memberasp.anjan20-Nov-10 19:09
AnswerRe: How do i assign a string to a variable. Pin
asp.anjan21-Nov-10 9:44
memberasp.anjan21-Nov-10 9:44
QuestionDynamic Rule to validate Object Pin
dukekujo22-Apr-08 12:36
memberdukekujo22-Apr-08 12:36
GeneralRe: Dynamic Rule to validate Object Pin
Dustin Metzgar22-Apr-08 18:18
memberDustin Metzgar22-Apr-08 18:18
GeneralRe: Dynamic Rule to validate Object Pin
dukekujo23-Apr-08 18:03
memberdukekujo23-Apr-08 18:03
GeneralGraphic way to write rules Pin
Steve Strong17-Feb-08 16:42
memberSteve Strong17-Feb-08 16:42
GeneralUse System.Workflow.Activities.Rules.Parser Pin
Deyan Petrov21-Sep-06 2:52
memberDeyan Petrov21-Sep-06 2:52
GeneralRe: Use System.Workflow.Activities.Rules.Parser Pin
Dustin Metzgar8-Oct-06 3:04
memberDustin Metzgar8-Oct-06 3:04
GeneralRe: Use System.Workflow.Activities.Rules.Parser Pin
rodel.ros12-Dec-06 22:38
memberrodel.ros12-Dec-06 22:38
GeneralToo Complicated Pin
Tim McCurdy27-Jun-06 2:51
memberTim McCurdy27-Jun-06 2:51
GeneralRe: Too Complicated Pin
Dustin Metzgar27-Jun-06 3:49
memberDustin Metzgar27-Jun-06 3:49
GeneralRe: Too Complicated Pin
Tim McCurdy27-Jun-06 7:51
memberTim McCurdy27-Jun-06 7:51
GeneralRe: Too Complicated Pin
WillemM11-Jul-06 1:30
memberWillemM11-Jul-06 1:30
GeneralRe: Too Complicated Pin
88Keys31-Aug-06 8:26
member88Keys31-Aug-06 8:26
GeneralRe: Too Complicated Pin
Dustin Metzgar1-Sep-06 5:33
memberDustin Metzgar1-Sep-06 5:33
AnswerRe: Too Complicated Pin
88Keys1-Sep-06 13:01
member88Keys1-Sep-06 13:01
GeneralRe: Too Complicated Pin
Dustin Metzgar2-Sep-06 12:08
memberDustin Metzgar2-Sep-06 12:08
GeneralRe: Too Complicated Pin
Dustin Metzgar7-Sep-06 7:57
memberDustin Metzgar7-Sep-06 7:57
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text:
In this section
Voted Scotland's most beautiful beach in 2010.
The sand dune system to the north and south of the Lunan water consists of mobile dunes backed by an established links area. In the northern section there is thick mantle of Marram Grass. Inland of the mobile dunes the habitat changes into a shorter dune pasture area.
The dune habitat also supports a number of invertebrate species, including grasshoppers, earwigs, many species of beetle, butterflies and moths. Cliff headlands bound Lunan Bay and fossil cliffs run along the back of the raised beach ranging from 250m-50m landward of the High Water Mark. The southern upper raised beach (15m OD) sits on the fossil cliffs and consists of rough pasture.
An extensive area of inter-tidal sand flats runs virtually uninterrupted for 3.5 km of Lunan Bay. There are also areas of estuarine Mud/ Sand Flats, Saltmarsh and Wet Grassland.
Submit a sighting
Seen anything interesting off the coast of Angus?
Submit a sighting to help us build a database of sightings.


text:
Boards and Institutional Diversity: Missed Opportunities, Points of Leverage
Since the financial crisis of 2008, board agendas have been dominated by financial and enrollment concerns. Yet boards can also play a key role in addressing issues of diversity, equity and inclusion on campus.
Given the many points of leverage they can apply, boards are uniquely positioned to advance change in ways other institutional stakeholders cannot. This paper explores how boards and institutional leaders can forge a tighter link between governance and campus diversity, one that leads to positive progress on a difficult and nuanced set of issues.
The authors based their report on personal observations and a detailed examination of the literature on board governance and campus diversity.


text:
Definition of venereal disease in English:
A disease typically contracted by sexual intercourse with a person already infected; a sexually transmitted disease: gonorrhoea is the commonest venereal disease [mass noun]: prostitutes were detained if found to have venereal disease
More example sentences
- The biggest health problems are tuberculosis, venereal diseases, malaria, trachoma, typhoid fever, and dysentery.
- And nearly 50 percent are infected with venereal diseases like syphilis that greatly increase their chances of contracting HIV.
- He claimed he had suffered from a serious infection resulting from a venereal disease he contracted from the rapes.
Definition of venereal disease in:
- US English dictionary
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
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