text:
2. Place the bit in the ding and line up the drill so it is exactly perpendicular to the pot.
3. Press the drill firmly into the container and then drill through the container in a single motion. To prevent your drill bit from slipping around when working with metal containers, first make a shallow hole with a very small drill bit and then drill completely through the pot with the larger bit.


text:
Ivan Finlay Leadership Award
The Ivan Finlay Leadership Award recognizes Alberta university engineering and geoscience students who demonstrate exceptional leadership qualities.
There are up to 10 awards available, each with a prize of $1,000.
To be eligible, a student must be enrolled in an engineering, geology, or geophysics undergraduate or graduate degree program in Alberta. Graduate students must also be either a member-in-training or applicant with APEGA.
Award recipients will be students who can demonstrate that they have achieved the following criteria within the last two years:
- Participated in planning career or personal development activities for university students, relevant to engineering or geoscience
- Volunteered at student events
- Provided impact/value by improving the reputation of the engineering or geoscience profession beyond the faculties (e.g., university-wide or community-wide)
- Demonstrated leadership skills by motivating and inspiring the people around them to accomplish more than they would have normally
- Actively shared responsibility, authority, information, and credit when working towards the achievement of a goal
- Taken prompt decisive action to resolve issues quickly and effectively
- Set a high standard of integrity by leading through example and maintaining high personal standards
- Effected positive change while in a leadership role.
Submissions must include:
- Completed nomination package
- Supporting documentation that describes the nominee and their achievements
- Any other supporting evidence that the Selection Committee should consider
- At least 2 professional letters of recommendation
- Proof of enrolment at a post-secondary institution
Detailed selection criteria are outlined in the nomination package.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Best answer: What is a volunteer vine?
What are volunteer plants?
Volunteer plants are those that come up in the garden with no effort on your part. They germinate from seeds dropped by flowers in previous years or seeds can arrive stuck to the fur and skin of small animals.
What is the purpose of a vine?
Vines can be fragrant, colorful, fruiting, attract hummingbirds and butterflies. They can be ground covers and provide privacy and shade. They are truly multifunctional. Many people don't realize that there are two distinctive types of vines.
Why are plants called volunteers?
A plant is called a volunteer when it grows in an area it wasn't planted. These can either be desirable or undesirable plants.
What is a volunteer vegetable?
What are the characteristics of a vine?
IT IS INTERESTING: Your question: What does the Universal Declaration on volunteering involve?
What is the difference between a vine and a tree?
Trees grow independently whereas vines find a host plant, frame, fence, wall and attach themselves with tendrils. I have seen many instances where vines can strangle the host tree by wrapping around the trunk. As the vine grows thicker is squeezes the trunk which eventually strangles in inner layer we call cambium.
Why is vine dead?
On October 27, 2016, Vine announced that Twitter would be discontinuing the Vine mobile app. … Vine executives and co founders were supposedly against monetization and did not take money from many brands, which is said to have led to Twitter's discontinuation of the service.
What is a volunteer corps?
AVS helps identify volunteer opportunities, promote volunteerism, and connect Soldiers, family members, civilians, retirees and community members to legitimate service organizations. …
What is a volunteer tomato?
A volunteer plant of any type is a plant that grows somewhere you did not intentionally plant or seed it. … When you see a tomato plant sprout somewhere you didn't plant it, you may be tempted to keep it and let it grow. There are some good reasons to do so, like harvesting more tomatoes later.
What are volunteer potatoes?
Latin names: Solanum tuberosum L. Volunteer Weeds. Potatoes are often seen growing as casuals on tips and waste ground but it is the volunteer potatoes found in arable fields that are the weed problem. These arise from seeds, tubers and tuber pieces that remain in the soil following an earlier potato crop.
What is Bulb to seed method?
But bulb to seed method is most commonly used method of seed production. a) Bulb to seed method of onion seed production: In this method, the seed is sown in raised bed at 4-5 cm spacing for raising the seedling. The seedlings of 12-15 cm length are transplanted and this height attained 7-8 weeks after the seed sowing.
IT IS INTERESTING: Why do hospitals spend more on charity care than community building activities?
Are volunteer squash plants edible?
Yes, the squash growing in your compost pile are edible, but there's a very good chance they won't be tasty. They might have a tough texture, too.
How do you transplant a volunteer tomato?
Good deed


When Will Kittens Eyes Change Color
Posted on
Cat Eye Colors An Amazing Range Of Shades Cat eye
In the weeks that follow, kittens will develop their senses even more, namely, their sense of smell, hearing, and their sense of sight. Vet Info states that sometime between three weeks and two months of age a kitten's eyes may begin to change color from a foggy blue to a darker shade. Often, this change can be spotted with the appearance of brownish, amber, yellow, or greenish flecks of color.
When will kittens eyes change color. Kittens' eyes: What to know about the first month. The first step to answering, "When do kittens' eyes change color?" is to know that their eyes aren't even open at birth. Upon exiting the womb and entering the whelping box, a newborn kitten's eyes are sealed shut and functionally useless. Like their coatless bodies and closed ears. A kitten's eyes start to change colour if they are going to, when they are anything from 3 to 6 months old. The most important thing is for them to process light so their vision is good before the colour of their eyes finally change to the colour they will be for the rest of their lives. So, when do kittens' eyes change color? By week 6 or 7, a kitten's eye color begins to change. The iris, the colored part of the eye, contains melanocytes. Once the eye is sufficiently mature, these melanocytes begin producing melanin, pigment that gives the eye its mature adult coloration.
At this age, the adult eye color will begin to emerge. Kittens' eyes will change from baby blue to the eye color they will keep permanently. Kittens with grey, green, or yellow eyes are likely 7 weeks or older. When does kittens' eye color change? Kittens undergo a lot of changes in just a short period of time. At around 6 to 7 weeks of age, a kittens eyes may begin to gradually change color. What color their eyes will end up being is a result of the amount of pigment within the tapetum lucidum. Most of the time, a kitten's eyes will be permanently changed into their adult color by the time they reach 12 to 16 weeks. There is physics behind the answer to the question, which may displease some readers and I'll understand why! By six or seven weeks of age a kitten's eyes begin to change colour from blue to
Blue eyes have virtually no melanin present, as young kittens don't produce a lot of melanin. But as they grow and age, the kitten's body produces more melanin, triggering the eye color change, which occurs around 4 weeks of age and progresses until about 10 weeks of age. Nope! At about 8 weeks, your kittens eye have come full circle. If you are wondering when do kittens' eyes change color or if they will change color again, no they don't. at this point, they are fully mature and fully functional. Even though your kittens eyes have now matured, that doesn't mean they are safe from the kittens own clumsiness. So, when do kittens' eyes change color? By week 6 or 7, a kitten's eye color begins to change. The iris, the colored part of the eye, contains melanocytes.
Blue eyes are associated with all kittens under 6-8 weeks of age. If blue is your favorite color and cats with this magnificent eye color are a must have, then you should go for felines who are known to maintain the color to old age, such as Snowshoe, Ragdoll, Balinese, Javanese, Himalayan, Tonkinese, Persian, and Siamese.Plus, the Ojos Azules is a unique cat breed that can present blue-eyed. Beautiful Blue Eyes. Most kittens, when their eyes open at about 2 weeks old, have light blue eyes, and Johnson said that over the next month or two the eye color changes to the color it will be throughout her adult life. Most adult cats' eyes are somewhere on the color continuum from green to yellow to orange to copper. Look into your cat's eyes. What color are they? The vast majority of adult cat eye colors exist on a spectrum ranging from green, gold and yellow on one side to orange, copper, and brown on the other, with a host of variations and shades between. But what about cats with blue eyes? All kittens are
As beautiful as blue is, most likely, your kitten's eyes will change color. All kittens are born with blue eyes (however, you won't be able to see their baby blues for a few days as they are born with their eyes closed!). For the first seven to 13 days, they depend on smell and, of course, mom in order to survive. Once your kitten's eyes have changed color from the bluish-gray that she was born with, her eyes should not change color after that. If you do notice a sudden change, like if they seem unusually brown or dark yellow, that may signal a serious underlying condition caused by anything from trauma to the eye to feline leukemia. However, feline eye color changes may also indicate serious health concerns that warrant medical attention. Consequently, it is important to understand when and why a cat's eye color may change. Kitten Eye Color. Most kittens are born with blue eyes. As a kitten's sense of sight develops over the next several weeks, his eyes begin to take.
All British Shorthair kittens are born with blue eyes. Gradually, as they mature, the eyes turn to their actual colour. This transition starts when they are around 6-8 weeks old and continues until they are around 2 years old, when they finally reach their full colour. Cat eyes can come in a variety of colors. Kittens are born blind. The eye is blueish as it first starts to develop, gradually becoming the final adult color at three months. The eyes may be of two different colors, sometimes in the same eye! If your adult cat's eyes suddenly change color or appearance medical intervention will be necessary. When kittens begin opening their eyes, the eyes are bright blue in color, regardless of what color their eyes turn later as they grow up. If you have an older kitten and you notice her eyes beginning to change color, she is likely around 6-7 weeks old. At this time, the irises will begin to transition to their permanent, mature color.
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text:
New Alias (Alias Tab)
An alias is an alternate name that can be used to make a connection. The alias encapsulates the required elements of a connection string, and exposes them with a name chosen by the user. Use the Alias page on the Alias - New dialog box to specify the elements of the connection string for an alias. To change the connection string of an existing alias, see Properties (Alias Tab).
All values in the Properties grid do not have to be completed. Valid combinations vary depending on the protocol selected. See the topics listed below for examples of valid combinations.
By default, SQL Server connects to a local instance of SQL Server using the Shared Memory protocol, and to an instance of SQL Server on another computer using either TCP/IP or Named Pipes. Create an alias when you are using TCP/IP, named pipes, or VIA, and you want to provide a customized connection string, or when you want to use a name other than the server name for the connection.
SQL Server is not listening on the default TCP/IP port of 1433 so you want to provide a connection string with a different port number.
SQL Server is not listening on the default named pipe so you want to provide a connection string with a different pipe name.
An application expects to connect to a database on the server named ACCT, but that database has been consolidated as an instance named ACCT on a server named CENTRAL. The application cannot easily be changed. Create an alias named ACCT, with a connection string pointing to CENTRAL\ACCT.
See the following topics for a description and examples of valid combinations of alias properties:

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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In protocols for polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) I often see instructions to degas the gel solution by putting it under vacuum for 10-15 minutes before polymerizing the gel.
I usually don't do this, and when I tried it once I couldn't see any difference. So I'm wondering what exactly the degassing is meant to achieve and how big the effect should be.
 - What effect is degassing the gel solution supposed to have?
 - How important is degassing to achieve good gels?
Any literature that examines the effect of degassing would be appreciated.
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2 Answers 2
up vote 18 down vote accepted
The reason for degassing your gels is to remove oxygen. Oxygen in the gel interferes with polymerisation, slowing it down and making it less consistent, so degassing makes it faster and more uniform.
From the EncorBio SDS-PAGE protocol:
Polymerization is quicker and more uniform if you degas the first three solutions for a few minutes in an Ehrlenmeyer flask on a house vacuum prior to addition of the last three reagents. Molecular oxygen inhibits polymerisation by reacting with the free radical SO4- ions, which is actually the reason why PAGE gels are poured in tubes or between plates and not in open top horizontal apparatuses, as can be done with agarose. Also it's a good idea to layer some isopropanol on top of the gel as this prevents oxygen getting in and inhibiting polymerisation.
Oxygen can also lead to oxidation of protein products, which might be crucial if you then want to extract the products and use them for something else (e.g. Sun & Anderson, 2004).
Finally, having bubbles in your gel can distort the results and make them less reproducible, as the bubbles will not form consistently with each repetition and they disrupt the physical medium of the polyacrylamide. So another purpose of degassing is to ensure repeatability.
The Bio-Rad acrylamide polymerisation info sheet has the best info I could find:
The formation of polyacrylamide gels proceeds via free radical polymerization. The reaction is therefore inhibited by any element or compound that serves as a free radical trap (Chrambach 1985). Oxygen is such an inhibitor. Oxygen, present in the air, dissolved in gel solutions, or adsorbed to the surfaces of plastic, rubber, etc., will inhibit, and in extreme cases prevent, acrylamide polymerization. Proper degassing is critical for reproducibility. Therefore, one of the most important steps in the preparation of polyacrylamide gels is the evacuation, or "degassing" of gel solutions immediately prior to pouring the gel. This is done by placing the flask of gel solution in a vacuum chamber or under a strong aspirator. In some cases, a vacuum pump may be required.
Buffer stock solutions and monomer stock solutions are usually stored at 4°C. Cold solutions have a greater capacity for dissolved oxygen. The process of degassing is faster and more complete if the gel solution is brought to room temperature (23–25°C)‚ before degassing begins. Furthermore, if a cold gel solution is placed under vacuum, the process of evacuation tends to keep the solution cold. Pouring a gel with a cold solution will have a substantial negative effect on the rate of polymerization and on the quality of the resulting gel.
Polymerization in which riboflavin is used as one of the initiators calls for degassing. The conversion of riboflavin from the flavo to the leuco form (the species active in initiation) actually requires a small amount of oxygen (Gordon 1973).
This explains why polymerization initiated primarily by riboflavin can be completely blocked by exhaustive degassing. However, oxygen in excess of that needed to convert riboflavin to the active form will inhibit polymer chain elongation, as it does in reactions initiated only by ammonium persulfate and TEMED. Thus, while degassing is still important for limiting inhibition, it must not be so extensive that it prevents conversion of riboflavin to the active form. For polymerization initiated by riboflavin/TEMED, or riboflavin/TEMED/ammonium persulfate systems, degassing should not exceed 5 min.
A consequence of the interaction of riboflavin with oxygen is that riboflavin seems to act as an oxygen scavenger. This is supported by the observation that the addition of riboflavin (5 µg/ml) to stacking gel solutions containing ammonium persulfate/TEMED initiators results in cleaner, more uniform polymerization at gel surfaces exposed to oxygen (such as combs). The same effect could likely be achieved by more thorough degassing of solutions without riboflavin.
Whether using chemical polymerization (ammonium persulfate/TEMED) or photochemical polymerization (riboflavin/TEMED or riboflavin/TEMED/ammonium persulfate initiators), reproducible gel quality and separation characteristics require careful attention to gel solution temperature before degassing, and to degassing time, temperature, and vacuum. These parameters should be kept constant every time gels are prepared.
Sorry for the long quotes, but they are pasted here in case the original sources disappear.
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I have to say this is a very well laid out answer. In most applications of typical western blots conducted in our lab, we do not degas the gels and the results are very good. We do make the gels in tubes and pour between plates, effectively removing most of the oxygen from the reaction. – leonardo Mar 22 '12 at 0:36
I have been running gels with different Acrylamide/Bisacrylamide ratios recently. People usually work with 1:37.5, 1:29 ratios which are commonly used for DNA and Protein gels. I have noticed that when you work with lower ratios 1:200 - 1:500, degassing becomes fundamental to guarantee reproducible resolution of my proteins. If I don't degass the mix in one of these gels some of the proteins I am resolving (which migrate really close to one another) won't separate well enough. Also, the time it takes to polymerize the gel can go from 20 to about 45 minutes if I don't degass the solution beforehand. Degassing solutions with normal 1:29, 1:37.5 crosslinker ratios doesn't, in my experience, seem to have much of an effect other than having quicker polymerization times. Perhaps it makes a difference with lower concentration gels (8-5%), but I honestly wouldn't worry too much about this if I was routinely running 10-15% gels and reproducible resolution wasn't a concern.
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text:
Elsewhere on DAFF
The Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (DAFF) leads the Australian Government in minimising the impact of pests, diseases and contaminants on Australian agriculture, fisheries, forestry and the environment. These outcomes are achieved by working with stakeholders in peace time to develop and test emergency response plans. In actual, real-life pest and disease outbreaks, DAFF has a lead role in the response by coordinating resources, operational and technical support as well as public information.
DAFF coordinates national activities to ensure a comprehensive, consistent and informed approach to preparedness and response activities for agricultural critical incidents and participates in a number of high-level committees and taskforces.
Emergency Response Plans
DAFF assists in the development of sector specific response plans such as:
Information during a biosecurity incident
Communication plays a large part in the response to, and recovery from, a biosecurity incident. Read more about the national arrangements that are place to make sure industry and the public is kept informed during a biosecurity incident.
BioSIRT (Biosecurity Surveillance Incident Response and Tracing) is a spatial and textual, web based software application that has been developed to enable better management of information and resources in emergency responses across animal or plant diseases, pests and incursions.
DAFF also conducts and participates in training activities and simulation exercises which have included:
Also see the information on the Rapid Response Team (RRT).
DAFF works closely with many government agencies and industry groups to ensure a unified approach to animal, plant or food safety emergencies.
Some of our partners include:
- Australian Government agencies
- State and Territory agricultural departments
- Animal Health Australia
- Plant Health Australia
- Meat & Livestock Australia
- Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority
- Fisheries Research & Development Corporation
If you would like to know more about DAFF's role or our approach to pest and disease emergencies, email the Biosecurity Emergency Management Unit in DAFF.
21 Nov 2012


text:
Returns a sequence of
xs:anyURI values representing the URIs in a URI
The zero-argument form of the function returns the URIs in the default URI collection described in.
If the value of
$arg is a relative
xs:anyURI, it is resolved
against the value of the base-URI property from the static context.
$arg is the empty sequence, the function behaves as if it had been
called without an argument. See above.
The single-argument form of the function returns the sequence of URIs corresponding to the supplied URI in the available URI collections described in.
By default, this function is deterministic. This means that repeated calls on the function with the same argument will return the same result. However, for performance reasons, implementations may provide a user option to evaluate the function without a guarantee of determinism. The manner in which any such option is provided is implementation-defined. If the user has not selected such an option, a call to this function must either return a deterministic result or must raise a dynamic error.
There is no requirement that the URIs returned by this function should all be distinct, and no assumptions can be made about the order of URIs in the sequence, unless the implementation defines otherwise.
A dynamic error is raised if no URI is supplied (that is, if the function is called with no arguments, or with a single argument that evaluates to an empty sequence), and the value of the default resource collection is absent.
A dynamic error is raised if a relative URI reference is supplied, and the base-URI property in the static context is absent.
A dynamic error is raised if available resource collections provides no mapping for the absolutized URI.
A dynamic error
may be raised if
$arg is not
In some implementations, there might be a close relationship between collections (as retrieved
fn:collection function), and URI collections (as retrieved by this function).
For example, a collection might return XML documents, and the corresponding URI collection might return
the URIs of those documents. However, this specification does not impose such a close relationship. For example, there
may be collection URIs accepted by one of the two functions and not by the other; a collection might contain
items that do not have any URI; or a URI collection might contain URIs that cannot be dereferenced to return any
Thus, some implementations might ensure that calling
fn:uri-collection and then
fn:doc to each of the returned URIs delivers the same result as
fn:collection with the same argument; however, this is not
In the case where
fn:uri-collection returns the URIs of resources that
could also be retrieved directly using
fn:collection, there are several reasons why it
might be appropriate to use this function in preference
fn:collection function. For example:
fn:unparsed-textfunction rather than the
fn:docfunction. In XSLT 3.0 it allows the documents in a collection to be processed in streaming mode using the
xsl:streaminstruction. It allows recovery from failures to read, parse, or validate individual documents, by calling the
fn:doc(or other dereferencing) function within the scope of try/catch. It allows selection of which documents to read based on their URI, for example they can be filtered to select those whose URIs end in
.xml, or those that use the
httpsscheme. An application might choose to limit the number of URIs processed in a single run, for example it might process only the first 50 URIs in the collection; or it might present the URIs to the user and allow the user to select which of them need to be further processed. It allows the URIs to be modified before they are dereferenced, for example by adding or removing query parameters, or by redirecting the request to a local cache or to a mirror site.
For some of these use cases, this assumes that the cost of calling
fn:collection might be significant (for example, it might involving
retrieving all the documents in the collection over the network and parsing them). This
will not necessarily be true of all implementations.


text:
A comparison between Finite Element and Waveguide Finite Element Methods for the simulation of tire/road interaction
Konferensbidrag (offentliggjort, men ej förlagsutgivet), 2013
Due to increasing road utilization and tightening regulations, an increasing effort is made by the tire and automotive industries for accurate modeling of tire/road noise. It is well known that finite element (FE) based methods describing the vibration response of a rolling tire are computationally expensive while analytical models do not offer the necessary accuracy in the structural description of the tire. The recently proposed waveguide finite element (WFE) method combines the detailed description of a discretized tire cross section with a computationally efficient wave approach in the circumferential direction. The method has been successfully applied for tire dynamics and rolling noise simulations. An important aspect for the modeling of rolling noise is an accurate description of the road induced excitation. Both the high frequency vibration field and the lower frequency or quasi-static contact area need to be accurately captured. In this work we compare FE and WFE models of a tire in terms of traditional NVH properties such as mobility and modal frequencies, and in term of contact behavior such as footprint shape and structural stiffness. This way the potential of the WFE method for the modeling of both the excitation and the response of a rolling tire is critically examined.


text:
- Create a gift query.
- On the Criteria tab, select:
Gift Information, Gift type equals Pledge
AND Gift date less than or equal to [specific date]
- Create a pledge status report.
- On the General tab:
- Include the query created in steps 1 and 2.
- Select specific date for the date range. In the End field, enter the specific date to see the balance as of this date.
- Mark create constituent output query.
- On the Gift Types tab:
- Mark Calculate gift balance based on campaign, fund and appeal.
- Unmark Include outstanding pledges only.
Connect and collaborate with fellow Blackbaud users.


text: Dark Release (冥遁, Meiton, Viz: Shade Style) is a combined nature transformationkekkei genkai that can be used to absorb, manipulate, and release chakra taken from an opponent. Hiruko used techniques of this nature through a mark on his left hand. This mark resembles two diamonds, one overlapping the other. Chakra is absorbed through the upper square, while it is released and manipulated through the lower. It is unknown what elements this nature entails.


Computes scaled exponential linear: scale * alpha * (exp(features) - 1)
if < 0, scale * features otherwise.
To be used together with initializer = tf.variance_scaling_initializer(factor=1.0, mode='FAN_IN'). For correct dropout, use tf.contrib.nn.alpha_dropout.
See Self-Normalizing Neural Networks
name A name for the operation (optional).
A Tensor. Has the same type as features.


text:
Mining the GEO database for perturbation data sets
Suitable for small one off analyses of less than 10 GSE.
Suitable for large and repeated analyses including many GSEs.
See and contribute to the source code.
What is GEOracle?
GEOracle is a R Shiny app that greatly speeds up the identification and processing of large numbers of perturbation microarray gene expression data sets from GEO. It uses text mining of the GEO metadata along with machine learning techniques to automatically:
- Identify perturbation GSEs
- Cluster GSM samples
- Label clusters as control or perturbation
- Pair each perturbation cluster with it's control.
- Identify the molecule that is being perturbed and the direction of perturbation.
It provides this information via an interactive interface that allows the user to verify and change the details of the perturbation experiments. The work flow is described below.
- Make sure you have an up to date version of R (3.3+) and the Shiny package installed.
- Download GEOracle and then unzip it somewhere permanent
- Open server.R or ui.R in RStudio
- Click 'Run App' in the top right corner of the screen
GEOracle will then attempt to install all neccessary packages and download the full database of metadata from GEO (~5GB of space required). Once complete GEOracle will open as a Shiny app in a web browser or as a new R studio window. The user can then upload a list of GSE IDs and begin the analysis.
GEOracle analysis steps
- The user uploads a list of GSE IDs (simple.txt file, one GSE ID per line)
- The metadata for each GSE will then be analysed and clustering / labelling / matching will occur.
- The user decides whether to use the default filters for which GSEs to process, or manually set desired filters, then click "COMPUTE".
- GEOracle will now try to detect the names of the perturbed molecules and direction of perturbation for each GSE that passes filtering.
- Once the GSE IDs appear in the "Processed GSEs" table, the user clicks them one by one to modify / verify / remove the comparisons.
- Once the user is happy with the details of every GSE, they click "NEXT STEP" and enter a desired output directory.
GEOracle will then automatically perform differential expression using the limma method as implemented in NCBI's GEO2R. As well as differential expression results GEOracle will output a list of edges that can be used to instantly build a causal gene regulatory network based on the set of input perturbation experiments. This edge list can be loaded straight into Cytoscape or R's igraph package.
If you are having trouble installing or running GEOracle, please follow the below troubleshooting tips
- GEOracle works best on a relatively clean install of R (3.3+). You can perform a clean install of the latest version of R without removing your old versions.
- The most common problems occur from trying to use GEOracle with older versions of R (<3.3). Because GEOracle uses the latest features from Shiny, you will need to update your R and other core packages which Shiny depends on.
- Some users also encounter problems installing or updating packages due to permissions. Package install problems occur with R fairly frequently and are best managed by doing a clean install of the latest R with full administrator privilages.
- Some users report memory / lag issues after extended periods of time using the tool. If you have a long list of GSE IDs try to split them up into chunks of ~50 and process them individually. This will improve efficiency and make sure you don't lose any information in the case of a crash (R or web browsser).
- There are many cases where GSEs will not be represented in the final output. GEOracle will automatically remove GSEs which do not cluster confidently, or where a matched perturbation and control cluster can not be identified. Similarly many GSEs will not show significant results when using a standard differential expression approach. If you think some GSEs that should be present are missing, check the filters that were used and check for significant results using GEO2R on the GEO website for that particular GSE.
This website is still under construction. Please contact _EMAIL_ with any queries


text:
United Nations Medals - The United Nations Special Service Medal
About the United Nations Special Service Medal
The United Nations Special Service Medal (UNSSM) was created in 1995 to recognise United Nations service of at least 90 days duration by military personnel and civilian police for which no other award is authorised. Approval has been given for New Zealand Defence Force (NZDF) personnel to wear the United Nations Special Service Medal for service in the following United Nations missions:
- United Nations Mine Clearance Training Team (UNMCTT) - Pakistan and Afghanistan, _PHONE_
- United Nations Special Commission on Iraq (UNSCOM) - _PHONE_
- Cambodian Mine Action Centre (CMAC) - _PHONE_
- United Nations Department of Humanitarian Affairs Accelerated De-Mining Programme (MADP) - Mozambique, _PHONE_
- United Nations De-Mining Programme (National Institute for the Removal of Obstacles and Explosive Ordnance (INAROE) - Angola, _PHONE_
- Programme for the Assistance to the Lao National Unexploded Ordnance Programme (UXOL) - Laos, _PHONE_
- United Nations Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission (UNMOVIC) - Iraq, 2002-2003
- United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) - 2004-current
- United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI) - 2005-current
- United Nations Office in Timor-Leste (UNOTIL) - 2005-2006
- United Nations Mine Action Coordination Centre in Southern Lebanon (UNMACC-SL) - 2007-2008
The medal is bronze with an image of the globe (centred on the North Pole) surrounded by a wreath of leaves on the front (obverse). The letters 'UN', in capitals, sit above the image of the globe. On the reverse are the words "IN THE SERVICE OF PEACE". This is the same medal design as used for the United Nations Medal.
About the ribbon
The colours of the ribbon for the UNSSM are light blue in the centre and white on the edges, which are the basic colours of the United Nations. These colours represent service in the field under United Nations auspices that was not with a specific peacekeeping operation.
Clasps and Bars
The guidelines for the United Nations Special Service Medal state that a bar with the name of the United Nations Organization or country may be awarded with the United Nations Special Service Medal. To the best of the NZDF's knowledge, only three clasps have actually been created for, or issued with, the United Nations Special Service Medal:
- - the "UNSCOM" clasp for service with the United Nations Special Commission on Iraq (UNSCOM) between 1991 and 1999
- - the "Timor Leste" clasp for service with the United Nations Office in Timor-Leste (UNOTIL) between 20 May 2005 and 30 June 2006; and
- - the "Afghanistan" clasp for service with the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) since December 2004.
Numerals are not awarded for the UNSSM.
Order of Wear
An example of the position of the United Nations Special Service Medal in the Wearing of Medals in New Zealand Table can be viewed here. The position of wear of the United Nations Special Service Medal for each individual will vary depending on when an individual qualified for the United Nations Special Service Medal. As for Campaign and War medals, United Nations medals are worn in order of the date an individual qualified for each award.
Media statements concerning service by New Zealand personnel on United Nations missions recognised by the United Nations Special Service Medal
- Southern Lebanon
- 7 February 2008 - NZDF commitment to munitions clearance in Lebanon ends
- 30 November 2007 - Stay Safe: EOD Operations in Southern Lebanon
- 3 July 2007 - Defence Team Home from Lebanon
22 June 2007 - New Defence Personnel Bound for Lebanon
- 6 March 2007 - Kiwi Battlefield Clearance Team makes Explosives Progress
- 23 February 2007 - Defence Battlefield Clearance Team get to Work in Lebanon
- 8 February 2007 - Takapuna Man to Lead Defence Team in Lebanon
- 8 February 2007 - Defence to Send Specialist Force to Lebanon
- 15 February 2007 - On the Edge in Iraq - NZ's military advisor with UNAMI
- Mozambique and Sierra Leone
- 30 June 2005 - NZDF Withdraws from Mozambique and Sierra Leone


Gender: Female
Usage: Soha is a popular first name. It is more often used as a girl (female) name.
People having the name Soha are in general originating from Saudi Arabia, United States of America.
The Growth number corresponding to this first name is 7.
Learn more with our free
The name Soha is ranked on the 3,806th position of the most used names. It means that this name is commonly used.
We estimate that there are at least 87500 persons in the world having this name which is around 0.002% of the population.
The name Soha has four characters. It means that it is relatively short-length, compared to the other names in our database.
We do not have enough data to display the number of people who were given the name Soha for each year.
We do not have a name day for Soha.
For other names check our Name Day Calendar


Why do I have to take a bath?
Chris Amaral/Digital Vision/Thinkstock
If your parents tell you to take a bath, then that's the reason why. But there is no survival reason to take a bath. People can go for months without taking a bath and they survive fine.
But, when they don't take a bath, people sometimes smell pretty bad. Taking a bath gets rid of the smell. And your skin gets dirty, just like a car gets dirty if you don't wash it. Taking a bath lets you clean your skin. If you have a cut or a scrape, cleaning the skin will help it heal faster because it gets rid of germs.


Subscribe English
look up any word, like tittybong:
The Japanese term for "is it good?". This work is used 100's of times a day by ALL Japanese people - even when the term does not fit the sentence or situation.
Let's start the assignment. IIDESUKA?
by Flashindustries September 17, 2007
24 7
Words related to iidesuka:
good is it japan japanese


'Worst-case scenario': Blue Mountains blazes threaten to combine into mega-fire
Updated October 22, 2013 15:14:20
There are fears unpredictable weather conditions could cause a mega-fire in the Blue Mountains if a number of existing large blazes join together.
The front of the State Mine fire near Lithgow already extends across hundreds of kilometres, and this morning authorities deliberately join the blaze with the Mount Victoria fire to the south.
Under what they said yesterday was the "worst possible scenario", it could possibly merge with the Linksview Road fire in Springwood, to the south-east, which destroyed almost 200 homes on Thursday.
Dr Owen Price, a senior research fellow at the Centre for Environmental Risk Management of Bushfires at the University of Wollongong, says there is a risk that a combined fire could produce so much energy it could create its own weather conditions.
"You can get these conditions, what you call a pyrocumulus, where a fire is producing so much energy it punches up through the troposphere a huge plume of smoke, essentially creating a thunderstorm with lots and lots of energy in it," he said.
"Then it starts to suck in air from all around, so there's more oxygen and it feeds back on itself so the fire behaviour goes really extreme.
"Unfortunately under those conditions when it's creating its own weather you can get things like tornados occurring.
"If two big fires coalesce together they're sort of pooling their energy together, so you can get feedback that makes them even more intense."
Dr Price says fires that serious can become impossible to fight.
But he also says the Blue Mountains fires could join up without necessarily getting much worse.
"It's not a given that if these two fires will meet that that's what they will do, they could just continue the way they're going. But there's a risk," he said.
Fire crews employ high-risk strategies
Firefighters are now employing what they call "high-risk" back-burning strategies to fight the fires, including back-burning, working with bulldozers and working with hand tools to create fire breaks.
"Imagine lighting up 10 to 15 kilometres of countryside along a very windy road in some of the most steepest, scenically beautiful rugged terrain, against a prevailing, hot, dry wind and expecting it to go away from you. It's a challenge," Commissioner Shane Fitzsimmons said this morning.
Dr Price says much depends on weather conditions over the next few days, which are difficult to predict.
But he says there are two main possibilities.
"One is that it's going to be dry for days and possibly weeks, similar conditions to what we've had over the last several weeks, in which case [the fires] are just going to keep expanding," he said.
"There's a fair chance that tomorrow evening we might get some fairly heavy rain - 20 or 30 millilitres - which might not be enough to extinguish them but certainly to put the brakes on them for a while. Rain is what will eventually put these fires out.
"When we get a really good fall of rain, something in the order of 60 to 100 millimetres, is hard to predict."
Perfect storm of fire conditions
Scientists at the Bushfire Cooperative Research Centre predicted in September that parts of southern Australia could have above normal bushfire activity this season.
Higher-than-average temperatures over the past year mean grasslands and forests have dried out, providing plenty of fuel to burn once fires start.
"We know that bushfires will occur every year," Bushfire CRC chief executive Gary Morgan said in an email.
"When the conditions are right, hot and windy days, with dry vegetation, fires will occur. We all must be vigilant about our local conditions."
In many parts of New South Wales, the high temperatures also mean hazard-reduction burns could not occur at the scale necessary before the fire season began.
Dr Price says recent dry weather and high winds made conditions in the Blue Mountains especially dangerous on Thursday.
"We haven't had any serious rain for two or three months and it's been unusually warm for this time of year," he said.
"Last Thursday, the wind speed was very, very high; 80 kph winds really drive fires and any spark would have set them off."
That combination of high temperatures and winds, he says, is what makes the coming Wednesday so risky.
"Not only do we have the possibility of new fires starting like they did Thursday, but we have all those fires that are already alight, with a 300-kilometre fire front already established," he said.
What turns a spark into a bushfire?
About half of all bushfire ignitions come from lightning, but those deliberately or accidentally lit by humans tend to be closer to populated areas and more likely to damage property and infrastructure.
Sometimes the high winds that contribute to dangerous fires spreading are also responsible for starting them.
The bushfire that started at Linksview Road in Springwood was reportedly sparked after winds knocked over a power line.
"If you get some sort of spark on the ground, if it's sufficiently dry and there's sufficient energy in that spark, it can cause the litter that's lying there, usually grass litter or dead litter, to ignite," Dr Price said.
"That can spread. Some of the factors are to do with the amount of moisture in the dead leaves. If there's low moisture it can spread with a certain intensity. If it's below a certain intensity it will just self-extinguish, but if it's above a certain intensity it will spread.
"With conditions like we had on Thursday, short-term drought plus very dry air, windy air, it didn't take much; the intensity that required it to spread was instantly available."
Bushfires travel at different speeds depending on the terrain and the kind of vegetation growing, but eucalypts are especially adapted to spread fires.
"In eucalypt forests throughout Australia you can get lofted pieces of bark and sometimes leaves that travel a long way," he said.
"Eucalypts evolved in Australia 15 million years ago, under a fire-prone environment. They are perfectly adapted to survive the fire and to spread the fire. We have a fire-prone continent and it's all part of the system."
Topics: bushfire, fires, disasters-and-accidents, emergency-incidents, lithgow-2790, nsw, australia, bell-2786, bilpin-2758, springwood-2777
First posted October 21, 2013 18:54:22


Hazards of Kissing
1. Infectious mononucleosis
2. Allergic reactions due to transmission of allergens from kisser to kissee. This occurs in ± 5% of the general population, and causes localised itching, swelling, urticaria, and possibly wheezing
References in periodicals archive?
50 Years Ago The hazards of kissing under the mistletoe are described in the British Medical Journal as'serious but exaggerated'.


How to score 1729 in the IA Tripos
Part IA of the Mathematical Tripos is marked in a rather interesting way. A naïve computation of the maximum score is 1120, although it is (in principle) possible to achieve absolutely any score (it need not even be a real number!). Firstly, let's have a look at the scoring system:
 - A long question carries 20 raw marks. A score of 15 or more results in an alpha being awarded; a score of between 10 and 14 results in a beta being awarded. A candidate can be scored on a maximum of twenty long questions.
 - A short question carries 10 raw marks. A score of 8 or more results in a beta being awarded.
The alphas and betas are subsequently converted into marks according to the following scheme (quoted from the schedules of the Mathematical Tripos):
The −120 is generally referred to as an alpha tax, and cannot hurt you if you score eight or more alphas. However, if you score seven or fewer alphas and still get a first, you are actually penalised by the alpha tax. Suppose Miranda scored the following marks in 2012 (when the threshold for a first was 670):
 - 10/10 on all sixteen short questions;
 - 20/20 on five long questions;
 - 14/20 on fifteen long questions.
Then, she would have a raw mark m = 470, together with 5 alphas and 31 betas. Now, each of the following two implications are perfectly valid:
 1. If Miranda achieves a 2.1 (any lower grade is impossible), then her total merit mark would be M = 470 + 15 × 5 + 5 × 31 = 700, which is sufficient for a first. Hence, Miranda achieves a first class degree.
 2. If Miranda achieves a first class degree, then the alpha tax would apply, and her total merit mark would be M = 470 + 30 × 5 + 5 × 31 – 120 = 655, which is insufficient for a first. Hence, Miranda achieves a 2.1.
In other words, we have a paradoxical inconsistency! Consequently, Miranda could then apply something called the Principle of Explosion, exploiting the fact that any valid proof is taken to be perfectly correct in the Tripos. Specifically, she makes the following sequence of deductions:
 - By the Law of Excluded Middle, either the alpha tax applies or it does not. Let α be the proposition that the alpha tax applies. We have already established the implications that α ⇒ ¬α, and ¬α ⇒ α. Hence, both ¬α and α are true statements. Let φ be the proposition that Miranda scores 1729 on the IA Tripos. Since the logical disjunction of a true statement and an arbitrary statement is true, we have φ ∨ α. However, since ¬α is true, α is false and therefore φ must be true. Consequently, Miranda scores 1729 on Part IA of the Mathematical Tripos, thereby beating anyone who scored full marks on all questions.
Essentially, the Principle of Explosion states that if a proposition and its negation are both true, then all propositions are true. This is why it is important that axioms of set theory are consistent, as a single inconsistency would destroy mathematics.
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5 Responses to How to score 1729 in the IA Tripos
 1. wojowu says:
 I always used another proof for Principle of Explosion: suppose p and ¬p are both true. From latter one p is false, so p is both true and false. Take any statement q and look at p⇒q. Since p is false, this implication is trivially true. But since p is true, this implication is true iff q is true. Because we know implication is true, q also is true, Q.E.D.
 Also, what would you do if ZFC turned out to be inconsistent? First thing that came to my mind is proving Riemann hypothesis, as it is definable in set theory (is it?)
 2. Andrew Carlotti says:
 I think this case is handled by the statement "The sufficient statement for each class is not prescriptive". Your second implication is thus not valid.
Leave a Reply


text:
ABSTRACT: We have investigated a diastereoselective self-replicating system based on a cycloaddition of a fulvene derivative and a maleimide using a two-pronged approach of combining NMR spectroscopy with computational modelling. Two diastereomers are formed with identical rates in the absence of replication. When replication is enabled, one diastereomer takes over the resources as a "selfish" autocatalyst, while exploiting the competitor as a weak "altruist", resulting in a diastereoselectivity of 16:1. We applied 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques supported by ab initio chemical shifts as well as ab initio molecular dynamics simulations to study the structure and dynamics of the underlying network. This powerful combination allowed us to decipher the energetic and structural rationale behind the observed behaviour, while static computational methods currently used in the field did not.
Chemistry 01/2011; 17(2):468-80. · 5.93 Impact Factor


text:
Ontario overall benefits from the pole shift in that it will arrive at a warmer climate, will have ocean access from the Hudson Bay and what will become the St. Lawrence Bay, and will be a land bridge supporting travel between the lands to what is now the west and east. Ontario has land to the north that is of a low enough elevation to be swallowed by the melting poles. This will consume a good half of Ontario, but will bring the Hudson Bay closer to survivors huddled in the highlands. Fishing will be good in the oceans after the shift, as the high level of carbon dioxide will make the oceans lush with vegetation, and sea food will follow in becoming abundant. As a land bridge, Ontario might find itself with barter and communication opportunities, also.
Note Great Lakes commentary.
Note East Coast Migration commentary.


text: In the face of challenges like drought and growing demand in many European Union countries, it will be important to achieve a balanced mix of pricing and non-pricing measures to ensure efficient household water use. This report commissioned by the European Environment Agency (EEA) analyzes existing pricing and non-pricing measures for managing water demand in eight European countries. It finds that all monitored countries have mechanisms in place to provide an incentive for a more efficient water use in the domestic sector. But the evidence on the real incentives created by existing pricing (tariffs) for more efficient water use is scarce, if available at all. In some countries (Germany, Denmark, Spain and France) price does not appear to be a significant determinant of water demand. The report concludes that while water pricing will continue to be an important instrument to signal water scarcity and water costs, it should be complemented with non-price policies, such as education or awareness campaigns. The report is available to download on the Eionet website.


text:
Announcements for philex
philex – Cross references for named and numbered environments
Philex provides means for creating and cross-referencing named or numbered environments. Possible uses would be equations, example sentences (as in linguistics or philosophy) or named principles. Cross references may refer either to the number, or to a short name of the target environment, or to the contents of the environment.
Philex builds on the facilities of the linguex package.


text:
The Carbonadium Synthesizer, is used to synthesize carbonadium, the only metal that can neutralize the "death factor" of Omega Red. The Carbonadium Synthesizer can liquefy carbonadium so that it can be molded into new forms.
Carbonadium is a resilient, unstable metal that is vastly stronger than steel but more flexible than adamantium. Due to its malleability, carbonadium is less durable than true adamantium, but still nearly indestructible. Omega Red has carbonadium coils through which he can transmit his ability to drain life energies. Carbonadium is highly radioactive and a very small amount, if ingested, has proven capable of dramatically slowing down Wolverine's healing factor. The only device that can produce carbonadium, known as the Carbonadium Synthesizer, was initially believed thrown into a river in Brussels by Wolverine; it has since been revealed that the Carbonadium Synthesizer had been hidden on the deceased body of a double-agent who died escaping Omega Red along with Wolverine, Sabretooth and Maverick. The synthesizer was retrieved and handed back to Maverick, whose mission was to retrieve the item for parties unknown. If implanted within the body, objects composed of carbonadium have proven to slow the accelerated healing factors of Wolverine and his son Daken. While slowed considerably, their healing powers aren't completely suppressed. It is currently unknown if carbonadium affects other beings with superhuman healing powers in a similar manner.
Wolverine is currently trying to locate the Carbonadium Synthesizer in order to safely neutralize and rescue his son Daken.
Omega Red is also searching for the Carbonadium Synthesizer in order to stabilize his condition.


text:
Gravity Irrigation with Pump and Flow Control [Success Story]
Counter Nodes with flow meters are used to monitor the water flowing to orchards to allow for precise water metering and accurate billing for water use. For installations without access to wired power, a solar panel or battery pack may be used to power the FlexPower Nodes and sensors.
The Gateway, or wireless network controller, monitors the water level inside the water tank. When the water level drops, a Node installed with the reservoir pumps uses its outputs to cycle the pumps on or off. A series of Nodes monitors the amount of water flowing into each orchard. A 1 Watt Data Radio connected to the Gateway transmits the data to a mobile asset or a centralized control center for data processing and billing.
Because of the difficult terrain, using Data Radios allowed us to reliably transmit data over great distances and around obstacles. SureCross FlexPower devices using efficient power management technology allow users to choose from solar, battery, or dc power without compromising the performance or response time of the network.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Why are crazy people called nut jobs? Why are they called a job? Wiktionary is of no help here.
share|improve this question
8 Answers 8
up vote 27 down vote accepted
Maybe looking at its origin will help. SlangDictionary.com defines "nut-job" as:
a more recent variation of nut-case
"Nut-case" being:
a crazy person. A slang version of 'mental case' which spread from American speech into British usage at the end of the 1950s.
Thus, if "nut-job" was a mere variant of "nut-case", then, "job" would make sense. A "case" has two meanings:
a person or thing whose plight or situation calls for attention:
A piece of work, specifically defined within a profession.
The second meaning of "case" is synonymous with "job", and thus, in when "nut-case" was given a variation, its synonym "job" was taken and used. Thus, there would be a logical reason why "job" is used here.
share|improve this answer
I agree - I think this is closer to the meaning that the other 'object of particular type' explanations. – tinyd Aug 23 '11 at 10:04
That's some piece of work you got there. – David Schwartz Aug 23 '11 at 11:00
I think that this sounds like a stretch. "Case" is not synonymous with "job", at least not within the medical profession where this supposedly originated. Having said that, I now understand why my father used to call me "a piece of work". – JeffSahol Aug 23 '11 at 12:44
"Case" in this context may have referred to a medical case, a patient with a particular ailment. To say that someone was a mental case was to say that that person was not physically ill but, well, nuts. – Beta Aug 23 '11 at 12:45
_USER_: case and job are synonymous when they mean "example thereof", which is the case here, so to speak. Speaking as a Brit I never heard of nut-job until this question. – FumbleFingers Aug 24 '11 at 4:44
This use is very similar to whack job and also similar to other slang uses of job such as "do a job on" or "a bank job" (meaning to rob a bank). Here, job just means something of a particular type.
"I got a new oven, one of those self-cleaning jobs."
"Use a real-dictionary, not one of those new-fangled online jobs."
You'll also find nut job used a lot in this same construction. "He's one of those right-wing conspiracy nut jobs."
share|improve this answer
not sure bank job has the same meaning as the others as it really does seem to mean a task there – jk. Aug 23 '11 at 12:37
I think you're correct. 'Bank job' is like'some piece of work'. – David Schwartz Aug 23 '11 at 12:39
I can also think of a couple of rude 'x-job' expressions which are closer to the more 'task-oriented' interpretation :) – tinyd Aug 24 '11 at 10:17
Job here is used informally to refer to something of a certain kind. See for example the definition under object in the OALD or the definition under example in the CALD.
share|improve this answer
This one may be more closely related to "jobber," which means a "person who does a particular job," but also gained an extended sense of "guy," or "fellow," e.g., "See that jobber over there." Over time, jobber may have been truncated to "job."
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I knew the etymology of "nut" from OED in that it can refer to the head. Etymology of "job" refers to "piece of work" from the 1550s (_URL_ I would guess the way that we slangily use "piece of work" to mean someone who doesn't make sense, "nut job" would logically follow as it is shorter than "nut piece of work"...
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As others have pointed out, this usage of "job" basically derives from "piece of work". It's not normally used of people, but it's been around a long time in slang. More commonly in the diminutive form jobbie, as in "A Blackberry is one of those hand-held jobbies".
All job really means here is "example" ("instance of"). In this slang usage there's no particular implication that the thing (or person, here) being referred to is either a task, or the end result of task-oriented labour.
Anyway, here's a chart to clarify that nutjob isn't really going anywhere... enter image description here
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Just don't use that diminutive form of job in Scotland - it has an entirely different meaning there especially given the example of it's usage here. – RoguePlanetoid Aug 24 '11 at 7:48
_USER_: I did know that usage. Here in Southern UK we don't often use it "naturally", but you do sometimes hear "jobbie" spoken in an exaggerated Glaswegan accent - though it's largely replaced by the US import "dump" nowadays. And I think "big jobs" has always had connotations of "baby-talk"; you rarely hear that except from children (or their mothers talking to them). – FumbleFingers Aug 24 '11 at 15:13
I'm a firm believer many words like these function as compound words. I would think to define the term by it's constituent parts.
Thus, a definition of a nut job could be a label for a person who acts nutty, loony, weird, "out of touch with the main-stream". Plus this behavior is burdensome to the people who interact with the person--exhausting, demanding, unavoidable, persistent, etc. Its work to be their friend or acquaintance.
What makes the phrase interesting it the word "job" may seem to refer to the person defined by their actions. The uses I've heard (and found below) are not synonymous with "nutcase". Again, using the compound word comparison, "nut case" would be: loony person + document case file = certifiable crazy person.
While "nut job": loony person + diminutive work = someone made crazy by their work. Here are two quick examples of politician and actor. Oddly, the male examples I found tended to use nutjob with examples of extreme antisocial behavior (criminals).
Maybe nutjob is a gendered slang term?
share|improve this answer
Everyone was produced by a mother. That was a "job."
In the case of a "nut," the implication was that the "job" wasn't a very good one.
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protected by tchrist Sep 26 '12 at 18:45
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Take the 2-minute tour ×
An old theorem of A. J. Wilkie (Some results and problems on weak systems of arithmetic, Logic Colloquium '77) asserts that a discretely ordered ring $R$ can be extended to a model of open induction if and only if for all $n>1$, there is a homomorphism from $R$ onto $\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}$.
Wilkie's proof proceeds by adjoining transcendental elements to $R$, but it is not clear that this is ever necessary:
Does every ring that extends to a model of open induction have an algebraic extension to a model of open induction?
Does anyone know anything about this? I know of no place in the literature where the question is even mentioned, although it has come up more than once in conversation.
Here is simple test-case: Let $R$ be the ring $\mathbb{Z}[t,\sqrt{2}t-r]$, where $r$ is a real transcendental and $t$ is an indeterminate. Order $R$ by declaring $t$ positive infinite. It is not hard to show that $R$ extends to a model of true arithmetic. I don't know if $R$ has an algebraic extension to a model of open induction.
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Can you please explain what it means for a ring to "model open induction"? – Andrej Bauer May 7 '10 at 13:31
2 Answers 2
Andrej Bauer asked in a comment, "What is a model of open induction?" Let me give the most modern and relevant answer and then explain the term "open induction", which is somewhat archaic.
Let $F$ be an ordered field. An (ordered) subring $R$ of $F$ is called an "integer part" of $F$ if
 1. $R$ is discretely ordered: This means the inequality $x < y < x+1$ has no solution in $R$. Equivalently, nothing in $R$ lies between 0 and 1.
 2. For all $x\in F$ there is some $r\in R$ such that $r\le x < r+1$.
Item 2 is equivalent to saying that every element of $F$ is a finite distance from some element of $R$, where "finite" means bounded by an element of $\mathbb{Z}$. Remember that $F$ can and usually will be nonarchimedian.
Items 1 and 2 together imply that there is a unique function $\lfloor\cdot\rfloor$ from $F$ to $R$ given by the inequality $\lfloor x \rfloor \le x < 1+\lfloor x \rfloor$. Think of this as an abstract analog of the integer part operator.
A "model of open induction" is an integer part of a real closed field. Mourges and Ressayre proved that every real closed field has an integer part. The term "open induction" comes from a paper of Shepherdson, who started this whole topic by proving that an ordered ring $R$ is an integer part of its real closure if and only if the positive semiring of $R$ satisfies the axioms of Peano Arithmetic, with the induction axioms restricted to quantifier-free (i.e. open) formulas. Shepherdson also gave recursively presentable nonstandard models of open induction, which is interesting because according to Tennenbaum's Theorem there are no such models of Peano Arithmetic.
Since then there have been many successful attempts to build recursive nonstandard models of theories a little stronger than open induction. The champ, to-date, is a recursive nonstandard normal model of open induction, given in a paper by Otero and Berarducci. Here "normal" means integrally closed in its quotient field.
The main unsolved problems concerning open induction, in my opinion, are (1) Is the universal theory of open induction decidable (i.e. is it decidable whether a diophantine equation has a solution in some model of open induction) and (2) Is there a recursive non-standard diophantine correct model of open induction, where "diophantine correct" means "extends to a model of true arithmetic".
share|improve this answer
Interesting. In Brouwerian intuitionism the following is called "open induction", where $A \subseteq [0,1]$ is an open subset of the unit interval: $(\forall x \in [0,1]. (\forall y < x. y \in A) \implies x \in A) \implies [0,1] = A$. This seems unrelated to what you are talking about. – Andrej Bauer May 7 '10 at 15:27
I think this should have been edited into the question instead of posted as an answer. In any case, this should be community wiki. – François G. Dorais May 7 '10 at 22:42
I think that the answer in general is "no", and that this follows from results in a paper "Limit computable integer parts" by D'Aquino, Knight, and Lange (_URL_ Namely, by Theorem 3.5 and Remark 3, there exists a real-closed field $R$ with an element $r\in R$ and a $\mathbb Z$-ring $I\subseteq R$ such that no discretely ordered subring $I\subseteq J\subseteq R$ intersects $[r,r+1)$, but $b/i\in[r,r+1)$ for some $b,i\in I$. Then $I$ (being a $\mathbb Z$-ring) can be extended to a model of $\mathit{IOpen}$, but no such extension can be found in its real closure $\operatorname{rcl}(I)\subseteq R$ (since no discretely ordered $I\subseteq J\subseteq \operatorname{rcl}(I)$ can contain an integer part of $b/i$).
Caveat: the paper is so far an unpublished preprint, and I have actually serious doubts about its correctness. Namely, the claim "$\frac{p(a)}n+z$ cannot be in $(0,1)$" in the proof of the widely used Proposition 3.1 is unjustified, and in fact, I think that this proposition directly contradicts Example 2 (take $I=(x^2+1)\mathbb Q[x^2]+\mathbb Z$, $R=\operatorname{rcl}(\mathbb Q(x))$, and $a=x$; then conditions 2 and 3 hold as $I[x]=I+xI$ is easily seen to be discretely ordered, but condition 1 does not). However, I think that this does not affect the proof of Theorem 3.5, since all the elements which 3.1 is applied on there are (or can be taken to be) transcendental.
share|improve this answer
Emil, Thanks very much for the reference. I'm not sure that Example 2 DIRECTLY contradicts Proposition 3.1, because (in the example you gave) $\mathbb{Z}[(x^2+1)/4]$ is not a Z-ring, as Prop. 3.1 requires it to be. But I'll have to think about this. – SJR Feb 3 '11 at 17:12
Fair enough, thanks for pointing it out. Hopefully it's correct now. – Emil Jeřábek Feb 3 '11 at 18:25
Your Answer


text:
Keeping a tree watered is the best way to ensure a long life, but it can be difficult to see the water level sometimes, which is why blogger Eric Ayars created a reminder system with an Arduino.
Using a small sensor, an Arduino Pro Mini, a relay, transformer, and an outlet box, he created a system that can detect the amount of water in the tree's tray and blink a morse code message when it's in need of water. Sure, it's probably easier to set up an alarm every couple days to remind you, but this is a clever way to ensure you'll never forget. There's no reason you wouldn't be able to apply it to any other plants you might keep in water, so it could be used year round. You can find the full guide, with schematics and code on Hardware Hacks.


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On the computer that is hosting the instance of MSDE to which you are connecting, open the command prompt window.
Type the following command, and then press ENTER:
osql -U sa
At the Password: prompt, press ENTER if your password is blank or type the current password. This connects you to the local, default instance of MSDE by using the
sa account. To connect by using Windows authentication, type this command: use osql -E
Note If you are using SQL Server 2005 Express, avoid using the Osql utility, and plan to modify applications that currently use the Osql feature. Use the Sqlcmd utility instead.
For more information about the Sqlcmd utility, visit the following Microsoft Developer Network (MSDN) Web site:
Type the following commands, on separate lines, and then press ENTER:
1>sp_password _USER_ = null, _USER_ = 'complexpwd', _USER_ ='sa'


text:
WINTER ice can severely disrupt shipping around northern coastlines. But now a Canadian marine engineer claims he has found a way of controlling ice formation in ports and harbours. Per Andersen says his wave generator projector could help prevent seawater from freezing over by producing artificial waves.
When seawater is mechanically agitated, the deeper, warmer water mixes with the colder surface water. This process should prevent ice from building up, says Andersen, who has tested the prototype in Canada.
The machine is 7.5 metres long. It consists of a floating helical roller, similar to a large corkscrew, supported at either end by pontoons. The roller is rotated in the water by an electric motor to create a train of waves several hundred millimetres high.
According to Andersen, artificial waves have a higher height-to-length ratio than natural waves, making them better able to displace water. As a result, more water is...
To continue reading this article, subscribe to receive access to all of newscientist.com, including 20 years of archive content.


text:
Satyendra Rana | Tuesday 11 September 2018
Greentech Knowledge Solutions Private Limited (GKSPL) and Bihar State Pollution Control Board (BSPCB) have jointly conducted several workshops on "Design, construction and operation of a Zigzag Kiln" across different districts of Bihar during 2018-19. During the workshops, we have observed that there are many fundamental misconceptions prevalent among kiln owners and masons regarding construction and operation of a Zigzag kiln. Here we have tried to clear up the most widespread misconceptions in a very clear manner with short explanations.
It must be clear in everybody's mind that "Zigzag kiln" is NOT a completely new design of brick kiln and it is similar in many ways to the traditional "oval shape" Bull's trench brick kiln. Zigzag kiln is just an "improved version" of the traditional kiln. The main difference between oval-shape Bull's trench kiln and Zigzag kiln is the brick-setting pattern and hence, the fuel feeding/firing method. Applying the improved brick-layout design in a Zigzag kiln, air/hot-gases are provided more time to exchange heat with bricks which is the main reason for its better performance compared to a conventional kiln.
Yes, it is RECOMMENDED for a Zigzag kiln to have a rectangular shape to properly employ improved brick-setting pattern and thus to obtain better performance compared to traditional kiln.
Zigzag kiln refers to a kiln in which air/hot-gases does NOT flow "mostly" in a straight line (unlike in traditional oval-shape kiln) along the length of trench. Zigzag kilns can be of two types:
Chimney type is SAME for both natural-draught and high-draught Zigzag kilns. The cross-section of chimney can be either circular or square in both types of Zigzag kilns. For a given daily production capacity and brick-setting design, chimney internal diameter and height changes according to the type of Zigzag kiln.
It is absolutely WRONG to say that a new type of chimney called "Zigzag chimney" is essential to run any Zigzag kiln. If for a given daily production capacity and brick-setting design, the required internal width, height and quality is met by the existing chimney, then the same chimney can be used to operate the Zigzag kiln.
It is NOT necessary for a chimney to have square cross-section to operate any Zigzag kiln. The cross-section of chimney can be either circular or square in both the types of Zigzag kilns.
There is NO demand from state pollution control board to compulsorily install chimney having square cross-section to operate a Zigzag kiln. Both circular and square cross-sectional chimney are permitted to run any Zigzag kiln.
Central or state pollution control board ONLY specifies the "minimum height" of chimney as per the type of Zigzag kiln. If the existing, new or retrofitted chimney is meeting the required minimum height criteria for a given Zigzag kiln type, pollution control board will allow it to operate. According to draft notification published on March 16, 2018 by "Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change", the minimum height requirements for Zigzag kiln are as follows:
Since in an induced-draught or high-draught kiln the required draught is created artificially with the help of fan, ANY type of brick setting viz. single, double or triple Zigzag can be employed satisfactorily.
If the chimney is meeting the "minimum height criteria" set by central or state pollution control board and the chimney's internal width and height is meeting the design criteria for the required daily production capacity, it is NOT compulsory to increase the height of chimney.
Brick-setting design in a Zigzag kiln is NOT VERY different from the setting employed in conventional oval-shape Bull's trench kiln. The basic pattern of stacking bricks in "rows" along the width of trench with each row containing several "brick columns" is same in both traditional and improved kilns. To increase the time required for heat exchange between bricks and hot-gases/air, some rows in Zigzag kilns are made differently (like a wall) to allow air/hot gases to flow past them only through few spaces left in the wall. (For more details, refer Knowledge briefs a). How is setting of bricks done in a natural-draught kiln, b). How is setting of bricks done in an induced-draught Zigzag kiln).
Yes, it is COMPULSORY to install platform and ladder on the chimney as per the criteria set by central/state pollution control board to facilitate the kiln's emission measurements. (For more details, refer Knowledge brief – What are the good practices for the construction of masonry chimney of a Zigzag kiln?).
The writer is a Consultant at
Greentech Knowledge Solutions Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi


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B Corporation Certification
Why IVHQ is a certified B Corporation
Environmental and social impact has always been at the heart of what we do, so it made sense for International Volunteer HQ to undergo the rigorous assessment to become a Certified B Corporation.
B Corp is a symbol of sustainability, inclusivity and quality, showing that we have been externally audited and holding us to the highest social and environmental standards.
We're proud to say that since 2015, IVHQ is the first and only certified B Corp volunteer travel provider.
IVHQ is also the only volunteer travel company to be a member of the Volunteer Groups Alliance (VGA), which is aligned with the United Nations and its 2030 agenda for sustainable development.
 What is a B Corporation?
The B Corp movement is all about identifying and recognizing ethical organizations that work toward reduced inequality, lower levels of poverty, a healthier environment, stronger communities, and the creation of more high quality jobs with dignity and purpose.
How did IVHQ become a B Corp?
As a certified 'B Corp', International Volunteer HQ and Intern Abroad HQ have undergone a robust assessment on the company's impact on its workers, customers, community and environment.
But it doesn't end there. B Corp is a long-term commitment, and the process continues with a challenging annual recertification process.
Dan Radcliffe, Founder of IVHQ
Using business as a force for good
We believe that business should be contributing positively towards society. That's why we only offer ethical volunteer programs that are locally run. Locals determine the focus of the volunteering, because they understand the community need surrounding each project. This ensures volunteers are contributing to projects that genuinely benefit from their support.
Being seen as 'good' through marketing is easy, but actually doing good is where many companies fall short. The B Corp stamp ensures we are dedicated, accountable, responsible and 100% transparent with our customers, communities, employees and the environment.
How does IVHQ put B Corp values into practice?
Here are a few examples of how we use B Corp's best practice guidelines to ensure maximum benefit to volunteers, communities, employees and the environment.
For volunteers
For volunteers:
 - Empower volunteers to make a positive impact, learn new skills and explore their career path.
 - Ensure programs are affordable, flexible and accessible to people of all ages and from all backgrounds.
 - Provide hands-on support to every volunteer from start to finish and ask for feedback.
 - Regularly audit programs to ensure they are impactful, safe and well-run.
For local communities
For local communities:
 - Ensure programs target the local community's most pressing issues so volunteers help where they are genuinely needed.
 - Ensure all projects work sustainably towards long term goals, providing a consistent flow of volunteers until they are no longer needed.
 - Screen volunteers, manage expectations and cap numbers when a program reaches capacity.
 - Provide regular training to the local teams on best practice volunteer management.
For employees
For employees:
 - Promote diversity and inclusion in the workplace.
 - Prioritize operational savings and sustainable spend.
 - Ensure internal transparency within the business.
 - B Corp symbol attracts talent and new employees.
 - Collaborate, build relationships and learn from fellow B Corps.
For the environment
For the environment:
 - Offset carbon emissions for all staff flying to visit/audit programs.
 - Encourage volunteers to offset carbon emissions with a Carbon Footprint Calculator.
 - Run tree planting and environmental conservation programs.
 - Volunteers participate in environmental education projects in local schools to promote sustainable living.
We've got a big vision for the role that IVHQ will play in enabling people anywhere in the world and do something positive in the community, and this Certification is a symbol of our commitment to realizing that vision in a responsible and sustainable way. We hope other entrepreneurial businesses will be inspired to join the movement too.
The B-Corp declaration of interdependence:
We envision a global economy that uses business as a force for good. This economy is comprised of a new type of corporation - the B Corporation - Which is purpose-driven and creates benefit for all stakeholders, not just shareholders.
How to get started
Pick a destination + project and apply for free
Meet your personal volunteer travel expert


Distance Between Fargo, ND and Leavenworth, KS
How many miles? 587 Miles / 945 Km
How many times? 8 hours 24 mins
Distance, Gas Consumption and Emission Notes
Distance from Fargo, ND to Leavenworth, KS is 587Miles or 945 Km. You can get this distance about 8 hours 24 mins. If you want to planning travel with plane for 532 Miles or 856 Km, You can get this distance about 1 hours 38 mins.
A car with an average MPG will needs 27.18 gallons of gas to get the route between these points.
The estimated cost of gas to get between Fargo, ND and Leavenworth, KS is $61.7.
During the route, an average car will release 532.51 pounds of CO2 to the atmosphere. Your carbon footprint is 0.91 pounds of CO2 per mile.
* Average US MPG used for calculations is 21.6 MPG.
* Coordinates of Fargo, ND is 46._PHONE_, -96.78980339999998 and coordinates of Leavenworth, KS is 39._PHONE_, -94.92246369999998


text:
- College of Sciences
Dr. Joanna Mishtal
The Medical Anthropology minor develops students' understanding of health from the perspective of human cultural and biological diversity. Current trends in education and employment show a growing need for medical anthropology knowledge and expertise in a variety of national and international career directions. This Minor therefore prepares students for future graduate studies and work in health professions, including medicine, global health, nursing, and social work.
- The minor is not open to anthropology majors.
- Students must earn a grade of "C" (2.0) or better in all courses used to satisfy the minor.
- At least 15 hours used in the minor must be earned at UCF within the Department of Anthropology.
- Only two anthropology courses can overlap for students enrolled in multiple anthropology programs (minors or certificates). (Note: The myKnight Audit cannot capture overlapping courses between two or more programs; therefore, students should have their program reviewed by the department before filing for graduation.)
- Students must satisfy each course's prerequisites before enrolling in the class.
Tuition and Fees
$212.28 per credit hour
The approximate tuition cost for one year in this program at UCF based on a full time schedule (30 credit hours per year)


From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about the Japanese lands. For the town in South Sudan, see Ezo, South Sudan. For the heavy metal band, see Ezo (band).
Ezo (蝦夷?, also spelled Yezo or Yeso)[1] is a Japanese name which historically referred to the lands to the north of Japan. It was used in various senses, sometimes meaning the northern Japanese island of Hokkaido,[2] and sometimes meaning lands and waters further north in the Sea of Okhotsk, like Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands. The word Ezo could also refer to the peoples that the Japanese encountered in these lands, referred to in modern times as the Ainu people.
The spelling Ezo reflects the pronunciation in Modern Standard Japanese. The spelling Yezo reflects its pronunciation circa 1600 AD, when Europeans first came in contact with Japan. It is this historical spelling that is reflected in the scientific Latin term yezoensis, as in Fragaria yezoensis and Porphyra yezoensis.
The first published description of Ezo in the West was brought to Europe by Isaac Titsingh in 1796. His small library of Japanese books included Sangoku Tsūran Zusetsu (三国通覧図説 An Illustrated Description of Three Countries?) by Hayashi Shihei.[3] This book, which was published in Japan in 1785, described the Ezo region and people.[4]
In 1832, the Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland supported the posthumous abridged publication of Titsingh's French translation of Sankoku Tsūran Zusetsu.[5] Julius Klaproth was the editor, completing the task which was left incomplete by the death of the book's initial editor, Jean-Pierre Abel-Rémusat.
See also[edit]
External links[edit]


Public Participation Meetings/Panels
Public Participation Panel Guidebook
SPC maintains Public Participation Panels (PPPs) for each county in its transportation planning region. Residents do not need to travel outside their own county to address SPC. PPP meetings are open to the public. Appointed Members represent the population of their respective counties in regards to age, income, ethnicity, special needs, and special interests. Members help to "get the word out" about what they learn at meetings to the groups they represent. They also assist SPC by reaching out to involve the general public.
Public Participation Panel Meetings
Jared Bedekovich
Public Involvement Specialist
_PHONE_


text:
Family names that have graves marked by tombstones in Hamilton Cemetery are Brittain, Hamilton, Hancock, Helton, Long, and Withers. The oldest tombstone belongs to Elizabeth Hancock, wife of G. Hancock, who died 3 May 1860. The newest stones are those of Charles Edgar Long and James E. Long, both sons of William Columbus and Mary N. Long. The twin brothers both passed away October 9th, 1905, at the age of 9 years. They are buried near their mother, Mary, who preceded them in death in 1897 when they were less than a year old. J.H.O. Hamilton, a Veteran of both the Civil War and the Mexican War was buried here in 1879.
Township 37-Range 11-Section 27


text:
Венчурные инновационные проекты: механизм оценки бизнес-ангелами
In this article is conducted research of the mechanism of selection of venture innovative projects. We studied the factors, which influence a choice of business angels. The purpose of work was to receive an advanced system of estimation of projects. On the basis of the survey it is possible to say that the financing of the projects depends more on qualitative characteristics of the project. The created system was successfully tested.


text:
After learning that women still have few opportunities to learn about their heritage in art and what is required to be a professional artist, Judy Chicago decided to offer the opportunity to learn about her work and the work of other women through a hands-on program that involves learning professional skills while being exposed to the environment of a professional woman artist. By working with and caring for the enormous body of artwork and its documentation, interns begin to understand the requirements of a professional career in art, while they benefit from exposure to Judy Chicago, her colleagues, and the Through the Flower staff.
Participation in the daily activities of Through the Flower allows interns to understand what it means to bring one's art into the world. Interns have access to photographic materials, videos, books, and other resource materials from Through the Flower's library which are often difficult to obtain.
The internship program is intended to provide support and empowerment for women and men as they struggle to articulate their own goals and clarify their intentions in relation to art. Internships provide a basis for growth based upon the feminist principles embodied in Judy Chicago's art, writings, and teachings. Interns are asked to complete the required reading as a supplement to the other educational aspects of the program while they complete their internship.
Interested applicants should send the following materials to: _EMAIL_
The letter of interest should include a brief biography, a description of any particular skills or interests of the applicant, and an explanation of why the applicant would like to be an intern with Through the Flower.


text:
In this tutorial, you will learn how to reduce your Memory (RAM) usage of your computer. Memory usage (RAM) can grow significantly depending on the number of users and the type of applications they use. When a Cloud computer reaches 95% memory usage, it will become slow and might refuse remote connections. We will send you a friendly notification at that time and you have 2 options in your V2 Cloud environment:
- Upgrade your plan to increase the total memory
- Reduce memory usage (see below)
To see which user is using the most memory, right click on the Windows start menu icon at the bottom left and click Task manager
Then click on the Users tab
Even if a user is not connected or working, all the applications that are open in his/her desktop are using memory (RAM). You can logoff the user by right clicking on it and click Sign off.
Attention, this will close all their application and they might lose data if they have unsaved documents.
Alternatively, you can automatically sign off users after they have been disconnected for some time.
Google Chrome is known to be very intensive on memory. A user having multiple tabs of Chrome open for a long time will increase significantly the memory usage of your Cloud hosted desktop.
Keep in mind that sometimes the memory (RAM) is consumed by a system process (e.g. SQL server) rather than by a user session. You can see the memory usage of all processes under the Process tab.
Manually rebooting the computer will clear the memory of all processes and all users and Cloud Computers can also be automatically rebooted on schedule (e.g. every Saturday night when no one is working) to clear all the memory.


text:
Dr. Merryweather and Dr. Mortensen recently teamed up to present a webinar entitled "OpenSim as a Platform for Improving Quantitative Ergonomic Assessments". This was presented as part of the NIOSH ERC Ergonomics Webinar Series.
The webinar provided a brief overview of OpenSim as a modeling platform to improve ergonomic risk assessment. Dr. Merryweather and Dr. Mortensen demonstrated how OpenSim agrees with other analytical methods, specifically RULA, and present scenarios where OpenSim can be used to evaluate task level risk, including how to account for worker specific risk factors (i.e. previous injury, muscle weakness and fatigue) in conjunction with other physical risk factors (i.e. posture, force, repetition, duration). Finally, a summary of some limitations and future work using OpenSim for ergonomic risk assessment was provided.


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I have a datastore that is querying a database and outputting JSon... something like this:
$data[] = array('id' => $i, 'prod_id' => $product_id, 'link' => $link);
I'm wondering how you can pass back a link using the $link variable. If I had this for example:
$link = " Clicky ";
The datagrid would display Clicky and not the actual html link... Is there anyway to pass back html?
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2 Answers
I would suggest passing the link URL and the link text separately, then reconstructing them into an anchor link in JavaScript on the client-side.
You could also try escaping the HTML, then unescaping on the client-side.
I have no idea why it won't send linksperhaps the browser is trying to parse the sent HTML too early?
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You can use formatter in dojo grid to format the HTML displayed in each cell. When creating the grid, you can set a formatter for each column. The formatter is a JavaScript function that takes two parameters, the first one value means the value of the cell, the second one rowIndex means the index of current row. The return value of the formatter function is the HTML content displayed in the cell.
For your case, I would suggest that you use a single column for both the link URL and anchor text. You can use a simple encoding, like _URL_$$$Clicky, where $$$ is used to separate these two fields. The PHP code would be:
$link = "_URL_$$$Clicky";
Then in your formatter function, you can use :
function(value, rowIndex) {
 var parts = value.split('$$$');
 return "" + parts[1] + "";
If you prefer to use one column for each field, e.g. url for URL and anchorText for the anchor text. Then you need to get the value of another column when formatting the cell. Suppose the grid uses the url field. Then the formatter function may look like below:
function(value, rowIndex) {
 var item = grid.getItem(rowIndex); // Get the store item by index, need the reference of the grid.
 var anchorText = grid.store.getValue(item, 'anchorText');
 return "" + anchorText + "";
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Thanks for the awesome explanation. I ended up using the escapeHTMLInData="false", however.. but will keep the formatter function in mind for later! :) – Paul Dec 1 '10 at 22:48
Ah, escapeHTMLInData='false', I didn't know that before. Thanks for the information. :) – Alex Cheng Dec 2 '10 at 9:38
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Rotationplasty is a type of autograft wherein a portion of a limb is removed, while the remaining limb below the involved portion is rotated and reattached. This procedure is used when a portion of an extremity is injured or involved with a disease, such as cancer.
Typically the ankle joint becomes the knee joint. The limb is rotated because the ankle flexes in the opposite direction compared to the knee. The benefit to the patient is that they have a functioning knee joint and can run and jump.
The operation is also called a Van-ness rotation.
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Sun & clouds behaviour chart as used in schools
Sun and Clouds Behaviour chart is an ideal chart for home so your child can instantly see how they are behaving it also encourages them to stay around the sun and not go in the black cloud.
Supplied with 1 x A4 fully laminated board, 5 x sun strips
To use, just write your childs name on the sun strips using a ball point pen or sharpie, then with blue tac (not supplied) just place the sun strip around the sun, if their behaviour deteriorates move the sun strip in to the grey could and if it continues to get bad into the black also if their behaviour improves move them back into the sun.
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text:
Specialist frugivores are the dominant consumers of mistletoe fruit in many regions and have been shown to intensify infections of host plants as a result of their rapid gut passage rates and dependence on existing infections. The role of specialist frugivores in long distance dispersal of mistletoe and establishment of new infections is unclear, and has not been explicitly evaluated previously. Here we critically examine the premise that specialists are the dominant dispersers by examining the role of an Australian mistletoe specialist (mistletoebird Dicaeum hirundinaceum Dicaeidae) in dispersing mistletoe (Amyema preissii Santalales: Loranthaceae) seeds beyond infected host stands. We use two primary lines of evidence - presence of birds using remote call recorders, and presence of dispersed seeds via surveys for defecated seeds on host branches. The observed and inferred movements of the mistletoebird were wholly restricted to habitat patches containing mistletoe, and this bird was not observed to transport seeds to nearby uninfected host stands within the study system. While mistletoe specialists may provide much of the within-stand dispersal service for mistletoes, this serves only to aggregate and intensify existing infections. We suggest that long distance dispersal of mistletoe seeds beyond existing hosts and infection centres is not performed by these dietary specialists, these services more likely to be provided by generalist frugivores and other occasional mistletoe fruit consumers.
Field of Research
060208 Terrestrial Ecology
Socio Economic Objective
960806 Forest and Woodlands Flora, Fauna and Biodiversity


text:
If you use Facebook for the sole purpose of keeping in touch with your friends and don't intend to play games provided on the social network, then the game invites you constantly receive from your friends are not always appreciated. This tutorial explains how to block constant game invites from your friends and at the same time prevent the games updates from invading your news feed.
Disable Apps Notifications
Connect to your Facebook Account. Go to on Settings > Notifications:
Go to What You Get Notified About and click on the Edit button located next to App requests and activity:
All apps that have access to your Facebook account are listed in this section. To disable notifications from a particular app, click on the drop-down menu appearing next to it and select Off:
Disable Game request
To block game invites from a particular contact, simply go to the Blocking section > Block app invites. Enter the names of the users who are constantly sending the annoying game invites:
You can also prevent apps from contacting you or access your Facebook information by typing their names in the Block apps field:
If you ever change your mind about games invites, then you can unblock them via the same menu.


text: World War I…. who would have thought there were original color photos of WWI? There are sites who contains hundreds of photos taken by the French in the last two years of World War One. Although color photography was around prior to 1903, the Lumière brothers, Auguste and Louis, patented the process in 1903 and developed the first color film in 1907. The first experiments with color photography were carried out in 1904 near Lyon in France, where father Lumière owned a photographic factory. In 1907 the Lumière brothers patented the autochrome process they had invented. The French army was the primary source of color photos during the course of World War One. During exposure, the grains of potato starch on each plate acted as millions of tiny filters. The light-sensitive emulsion was then reversal processed into a positive transparency. When viewed, light passes through the emulsion and is filtered to the proper color by the starch grains. The resulting mosaic of glowing dots on glass gives autochromes the look of pointillist paintings. Autochromes were the first true color pictures, and the only industrial color photography process until 1935. Take a look at these great colored photographs from World War I. Enjoy.