This Article
 Bibliographic References
 Add to:
Big Island, Hawaii
January 06-January 09
ISBN: 0-7695-1874-5
Liang Qin, Carleton University
Thomas Kunz, Carleton University
Most existing on-demand mobile ad hoc network routing protocols continue using a route until a link breaks. During the route reconstruction, packets can be dropped, which will cause significant throughput degradation. In this paper, we add a link breakage prediction algorithm to the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol. The mobile node uses signal power strength from the received packets to predict the link breakage time, and sends a warning to the source node of the packet if the link is soon-to-be-broken. The source node can perform a pro-active route rebuild to avoid disconnection. Experiments demonstrate that adding link breakage prediction to DSR can significantly reduce the total number of dropped data packets (by at least 20%). The tradeoff is an increase in the number of control messages by at most 33.5%. We also found that the pro-active route maintenance does not cause significant increase in average packet latency and average route length. Enhanced route cache maintenance based on the link status can further reduce the number of dropped packets.
Liang Qin, Thomas Kunz, "Increasing Packet Delivery Ratio in DSR by Link Prediction," hicss, vol. 9, pp.300a, 36th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'03) - Track 9, 2003


text:
Eight old master paintings that belonged to Dutch Jews before the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands in 1940 and later seized from their German owner by the Communist government of East Germany are being turned over to the Dutch government, Bloomberg News reports. The paintings to be returned by the German government include oils by the 17th-century painters Jan Steen and Philips Wouwerman.
Alfred Kummerle, the owner of a mill in the German city of Brandenburg, acquired the paintings from the Netherlands from 1940 to 1944. When he died in 1949 his wife inherited his collection. She fled East Germany in 1953 and her possessions were seized by the government. Thirty-two old masters from Kummerle's collection are in the Museum der Bildenden Kunste in Leipzig. "Provenance research on the remaining works has not yet been completed," an e-mail from Germany's Federal Office for Central Services and Unresolved Property Issues said, according to a report by Bloomberg News. "This partial decision affects eight paintings bought in the Netherlands that were formerly in Jewish ownership." In 2001 the Dutch government established a restitution panel to advise it on Holocaust-related claims for artworks in the national collection.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
When you are studying for the car theory test you will need to study and practice 14 car theory test subjects. These subjects range from your attitude towards road users around you to the rules regarding the motorway.
Here we cover the fourth subject (in alphabetic order)
Safety Margins – a total of 33 theory test car questions, safety margins consists largely of stopping distances, driving in fog and icy roads. The DVSA put these car theory test topics together in order to ensure that learner drivers will be able to deal with dangerous road situations like icy roads and understand the precautions that they should take when driving in these conditions. Of the 33 questions one of the least understood car theory test question is listed below
How can you avoid wheelspin when you're driving on an icy road?
- Drive at a slow speed in the highest gear possible
- Use the parking brake if the wheels start to slip
- Brake gently and repeatedly
- Drive in a low gear at all times
Lets start by explaining what a wheelspin is. A wheelspin is when the wheels on your car are spinning uncontrollably fast losing so much friction that the car isn't actually moving. This can happen if there is too much acceleration going on or in icy conditions when the wheels are struggling to grip the road. If you find yourself driving in icy conditions and the wheels start to spin too fast then the driver needs to able to change the situation. Before that is explained it is important to understand the difference between driving in high gears and driving in low gears. 1st gear is considered the lowest gear and 5th gear (6 in some cars) are considered a high gear. When you drive in 1st gear the wheels are spinning the fastest they can and in 5th gear they are spinning the slowest they can. So when you are moving off in icy conditions, it is always a good idea to drive in as high as gear as possible i.e. 2nd gear or even 3rd gear as that way the wheels will spin slower meaning that the vehicle will have more road friction. Hence the answer to the theory test car question above is 'drive at a slow speed in the highest gear possible.' If you 'use the parking brake if the wheels start to slip', then the car can skid. If you 'brake gently and repeatedly' then the car can also skid as its easier to skid when you over brake in icy roads. 'Driving in a low gear at all times' mean the wheels will spin too fast and the car will struggle to gain friction.
Another car theory test question that causes some confusion is as follows:
You're following other vehicles in fog. You have your headlights on dipped beam. What else can you do to reduce the chances of being in a collision?
- Keep close to the vehicle in front
- Use main beam instead of dipped headlights
- Keep up with the faster vehicles
- Keep a safe distance from the vehicle in front
Before trying to work this question out it is important to understand what dipped beam is and this seems to create a lot of confusion with many learner drivers. Cars have different front lights, and it is important to know the difference between them. Sidelights are basically the weakest lights and you can use them in the day or when it is slightly gloomy in order to make yourself more visible to oncoming traffic. They are not powerful enough to benefit the driver so are used more to aid the visibility for other road users. Headlights (or dipped beam) are the vehicles most commonly used lights. These headlights point towards the ground in order to prevent dazzling other road users but being strong enough to use at night and in normal darkened situations. Main beam or (full beam) are the most powerful front lights and are commonly used when driving at night in country roads that do not have any lighting on the road. You should switch them off when you see oncoming traffic or when you're following traffic as you risk dazzling the drivers if you don't. Fog lights are an optional extra that some cars but not all have built in. They are to be used in foggy conditions, heavy rain or snow. They are designed to penetrate fog rather than reflect the fog back to the driver.
Going back to the theory test car question, if you 'keep close to the vehicle in front' then you run the risk of the car in front stopping in an emergency which could mean that you crash into the car in front. If you 'use main beam instead of dipped headlights' then the fog could be reflected back to the eyes of the driver. This answer seems to be very popular amongst many learner drivers but in this case it is not the correct answer. 'Keep up with the faster vehicles' is also unsafe as you may be driving faster than what is safe for the road conditions. The correct answer to the car theory question above is 'keep a safe distance from the vehicle in front.' By keeping a safe distance from vehicles in front in foggy conditions, you will have more time to react to changes, see a lot more in front as well as giving less pressure to the vehicle in front of you thus making you a better and safer driver.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
This historical analysis examines the forces that shaped the collection and use of geographical data in Tanzania's Rufiji Basin. Hoping to develop irrigated agriculture, colonial engineers surveyed the basin's social and environmental landscapes and weighed the costs of damming. Following World War II, international experts interested in hydropower development conducted more geographical studies. While their studies offered limited information on stream flow, political and economic pressures led to their acceptance over those of colonial engineers. By illustrating how international institutions select what is accepted as knowledge and how such knowledge is used, the case highlights the politics of hydropower development in Africa. Based on archival work and fieldwork conducted in Tanzania and Sweden, this article argues that the shifting of the setting of knowledge construction from the basin to distant planning offices did not lead to projects based on better scientific knowledge, but set the stage for Tanzania's current electricity problems.
Heather J. Hoag and May-Britt Öhman. "Turning Water into Power: Debates over the Development of Tanzania's Rufiji River Basin, 1945–1985." Technology and Culture 49.3 (2008): 624-651.


text:
Finding a suitable apartment and successfully securing it can be an exciting yet time-consuming process. One important aspect of this process is the approval of your rental application by the landlord or property management company. The time it takes to get approved for an apartment can vary depending on several factors. Let's take a closer look at these factors to understand how long the approval process may take.
1. Completing the Application: The first step towards getting approved for an apartment is filling out the rental application accurately and thoroughly. This includes providing personal information, rental history, employment details, and references. The time it takes to complete the application can vary depending on how organized and prepared you are. It is advisable to have all the necessary information and documents ready in advance to expedite the process.
2. Background and Credit Check: After submitting your application, the landlord or property management company will typically conduct a background and credit check. This step is crucial for them to assess your financial stability and ensure you have a clean criminal record. Background and credit checks can take anywhere from a few hours to a few days, depending on the efficiency of the screening process.
3. Verifying References and Employment: Landlords often contact references and employers provided in the application to verify the information provided. This may involve reaching out to previous landlords, supervisors, or colleagues to gather insights about your character, punctuality, and ability to pay rent on time. The time it takes to complete this step largely depends on the responsiveness of your references and employers.
4. Waiting for Approval: Once all the necessary checks and verifications have been completed, the landlord or property management company will review your application in its entirety. They will consider factors such as your credit history, income, rental history, and references to make an informed decision. The duration of this review process can vary depending on the volume of applications received and the diligence of the landlord.
5. Negotiating Lease Terms: After approval, you may need to negotiate lease terms with the landlord. This can involve discussing rent, security deposit, lease duration, and any additional clauses. The negotiation process can take a few days or longer, depending on the landlord's availability and willingness to accommodate your requests.
In conclusion, the time it takes to get approved for an apartment can range from a few days to a few weeks. To expedite the process, it is essential to be proactive, organized, and responsive. Being prepared with all necessary documents, having good references, and a stable financial history can increase your chances of a quick approval. Keep in mind that each landlord or property management company may have their own unique timeline and procedures, so it is always a good idea to inquire about their specific process upfront.


Swiss Company Turns Your Loved One's Ashes Into A Beautiful Diamond
November 8, 2014
When your time on Earth is over, how will you be honored? A new trend has people skipping out on the traditional burial funeral for something a little more glamorous - turning into a diamond.
turning ashes of loved ones into diamonds
A finished diamond. The color comes from the amount of boron in the ashes / algordanza
Swiss company, Algordanza, provides a service where the cremated remains of a loved one convert into a diamond. The diamond can then be used in jewelry or kept in a collection.
"A Memorial Diamond symbolizes love, loyalty and respect for loved ones who have passed away," Algordanza says on their website. "The process of creating a diamond funeral has generated a completely new way of saying goodbye to our beloved deceased - one that is modern, full of promise and filled with peace."
So how do they do it?
First, the carbon is extracted from the cremated remains. The human body is about 18% carbon, and about 2% of that remains after the cremation process. This is the carbon Algodanza uses to make their diamonds, and filters out of the other materials via a chemical process. The carbon is heated and turned into graphite, the material found in pencils.
The graphite is heated to 2,700 degrees Fahrenheit and subjected to as many as 870,000 pounds of pressure per square inch. The result of this process, which mimics a process deep in the Earth, is a diamond that ranges from white to dark blue in color. The color variation depends on the amount of Boron in the ashes.
turning ashes of loved ones into diamonds
The diamond is then cut and polished.
turning ashes of loved ones into diamonds
(H/T) ViralNova. You can learn more at
Turning a loved one's ashes into a diamond is not a cheap process, but it's comparable with the cost of an average funeral. This process will set you back about $4,500.
Would you want to me made into a diamond?
Like us on Facebook!
Click Here For The Most Popular On Sunny Skyz
feel good storiesThe 10 Funniest Sibling Photo Recreations On The Internet
feel good storiesWhat Becoming A Billionaire Actually Feels Like


Using UWB asset tags to dynamically create rt-ispace augmentations
Essentially, an asset tag is a small device that can be used to locate and instantiate, using UWB in this case, an augmentation in an rt-ispace environment completely dynamically. The augmentation follows the position and orientation of the asset tag, making for a very simple way to implement augmented spaces. If engineered properly, it could be an extremely simple piece of hardware that would be essentially UWB hardware along with a MEMS IMU and a battery. Instead of WiFi as in this prototype, pose updates could be sent over the UWB infrastructure to make things really simple. Ideally, these would be extremely cheap and could be placed anywhere in a space as a simple way of adding augmentations. These augmentations can be proxy objects (all aspects of a proxy object augmentation can be modified by remote servers) and can be as simple or complex as desired.
There are some similarities and differences with the ArUco marker system for instantiating augmentations. The ArUco marker can provide an ID but that has to be matched with a previously instantiated object that has the same ID attached. Asset tags don't require any pre-configuration like that. Another problem with ArUco markers is that they are very affected by occlusion – even a wire running across a marker might make it undetectable. Asset tags are not affected by occlusion and so will function correctly in a much wider range of circumstances. They do require UWB enabled spaces, however. In the end, both styles of augmentation instantiation have their place.
Note that the asset tag doesn't need to contain the actual asset data (although it could if desired). All it needs to do is to provide a URL of a repository where the asset (either Unity assetbundle or glTF blob) can be found. The asset is then streamed dynamically when it needs to be instantiated. It also provides information about where to find function servers in the case of a proxy object. The rt-ispace user app (in this case an iOS app running on an iPad Pro) doesn't need to know anything about asset tags – they just inject normal looking (but transient) augmentation updates into the rt-ispace system so that augmentations magically appear. Obviously, this kind of flexibility could easily be abused and, in real life, a proper security strategy would need to be implemented in most cases. For development, though, it's nice for things just to work!
One application that I like is a shared space where people can bring along their virtual creations in the form of some asset tags and just place them in the rt-ispace space so that any user in the space could see them.
Another idea is that items in stores could have rt-ispace asset tags attached to them (like security tags today) so that looking at the item with an AR device would perhaps demonstrate some kind of feature. Manufacturers could supply the asset and functions servers, freeing the retail store from having to implement something for every stocked item.
The video above shows how the augmentation tracks the UWB tag around and that the IMU controls the augmentation's orientation. For now, the hardware is a complete hack with multiple components but it does prove that the concept is viable. The UWB tag (the white box on the floor under the figure's right foot) controls the location of the augmentation in the physical space. A Raspberry Pi fitted with an IMU provides orientation information and drives the resulting pose via WiFi to the rt-ispace servers. The augmentation is the usual glTF sample CesiumMan.
Linking AR augmentations to physical space using the ArUco marker system
Following on from the earlier work with ArUco markers, rt-ispace can now associate ArUco markers with augmentations in a space. The image above shows two glTF sample models attached to two different ArUco marker codes (23 and 24 in this case). Since these models are animated, a video also seems appropriate!
The image and video were obtained using an iPad Pro running the rt-ispace app that forms the front end for the rt-ispace system. A new server, EdgeAnchor, receives the AR video stream from the iPad via the assigned EdgeAccess, detecting any ArUco markers that may be in view. The video stream also contains the iPad camera instrinsics and AR camera pose, which allows EdgeAnchor to determine a physical pose in space of the marker relative to the camera view. The marker detection results are sent back to the iPad app (via EdgeAccess) which then matches the ArUco IDs to instantiated augmentations and calculates the world space pose for the augmentation. There are some messy calculations in there but it actually works very well.
The examples shown are set up to instantiate the augmentation based on a horizontal marker. However, the augmentation configuration allows for a 6-dof offset to the marker. This means that markers can be hung on walls with augmentations either on the walls or in front of the walls, for example.
A single EdgeAnchor instance can be shared among many rt-ispace users as no state is retained between frames allowing the system to scale very nicely. Also, there is nothing specific to ArUco markers: in principle, EdgeAnchor could support multiple marker types, providing great flexibility. The only requirement is that the marker detection results in a 6-dof pose relative to the camera.
Previously, I had been resistant to the use of markers, preferring to use the spatial mapping capabilities of the user device to provide spatial lock and location of augmentations. However, there are many limitations to these systems, especially where there is very limited visual texture or depth changes to act as a natural anchor. Adding physical anchors means that augmentations can be reliably placed in very featureless spaces which is a big plus in terms of creating a pleasant user experience.
Adding ArUco marker detection to rt-ai
There are many situations where it is necessary to establish the spatial relationship between a camera in a space and 3D points within the same space. One particular application of interest is the ability to use markers to accurately locate holograms in a space so that AR headset users see the holograms locked in the space, even as they look or move around the space. OpenCV has the ArUco marker detection included so that seemed like a good place to start. The screen capture above shows the rt-ai Aruco marker detector identifying the pose of a few example markers.
This is the simple rt-ai test design with the new ArUcoDetect stream processing element (SPE). The UVC camera was running at 1920 x 1080, 30 fps, and the ArUco SPE had no trouble keeping up with this.
This screen capture is a demonstration of the kind of thing that might be useful to do in an AR application. The relative pose of the marker has been detected, allowing the marker to be replaced by an associated hologram by a 3D application.
While the detection is quite stable, the ArUco SPE implements a configurable filter to help eliminate occasional artifacts, especially regarding the blue (z-axis) which can swing around quite a bit under some circumstances due to the pose ambiguity problem. The trick is to tune the filter to eliminate any residual pose jitter while maintaining adequate response to headset movement.
One challenge here is management of camera intrinsic parameters. In this case, I was using a Logitech C920 webcam for which calibration intrinsics had been determined using a version of the ChArUco calibration sample here. It wouldn't be hard for the CUVCCam SPE to include camera intrinsic parameters in the JSON associated with each frame, assuming it could detect the type of UVC camera and pick up a pre-determined matrix for that type. Whether that's adequate is a TBD. In other situations, where the video source is able to supply calibration data, the problem goes away. Anyway, more work needs to be done in this area.
Since rt-ai stream processing networks (SPNs) can be integrated with SHAPE via the Conductor SPE (an example of the Conductor is here), an AR headset running the SHAPE application could stream front facing video to the ArUco SPN, which would then return the relative pose of detected markers that have previously been associated with SHAPE virtual objects. This would allow the headset to correctly instantiate the SHAPE virtual objects in the space and avoid problems relying on inside out tracking alone (such as in a spatial environment with a repeating texture that prevents unique identification).
Embedding AI inference in the Spatial Networking Cloud
rt-ai is a system for graphically composing edge AI stream processing networks either distributed on multiple processing nodes or all running on a single node. In the latter case, shared memory can be used for transfers between the functional blocks, making it almost as efficient as monolithic code. So when it comes to embedding AI inference in a Spatial Networking Cloud (SNC), rt-ai makes perfect sense. However, the underlying network styles are completely different – SNC uses a highly dynamic series of multicast and end to end virtual links whereas rt-ai uses static MQTT or shared memory links. Each makes sense for the different applications so it is necessary to create a bridge between the two worlds.
Right now, bridging is done (for video streams) with the GetSNCVideo and PutSNCVideo stream processing elements (SPEs) that can be added to any video stream processing network (SPN). GetSNCVideo can grab SNC video frames from the configured stream source which then acts as an rt-ai source for the downstream SPEs. Once processing has been completed, the frames can be re-injected into SNC using the PutSNCVideo SPE. There can be similar bridges for sensor or any other type of data that needs to be passed through an rt-ai SPN


Macmillan has only the entry Home Town.
Oxford also has only the entry Home Town (although all examples suggested have hometown written).
Cambridge has only the entry Hometown.
Microsoft Word keeps correcting me (I use BrE dictionary). It underlines Home town: I should write Hometown.
1) Which is the word I should use: Home Town or Hometown?
I've read here that:
Home town is used for "My home town is Flower Mound." Home is modifying the noun, town.
Hometown is an adjective, as in "My hometown memories."
2) Is this all right? Do both words exist, one as a noun and the other as an adjective? If it is the case, why the dictionaries don't have both entries?
Hometown as a noun is American English. Home town (n.) is British English.
Since it's a two-word phrase in British English, it would need to be converted into a compound adjective by using a hyphen, rather than combining them into one word: "My home-town memories" rather than "hometown memories". In American English, "hometown" is also the adjective form.
That's probably why "hometown" isn't appearing in your BrE dictionary searches. "Home-town" may not either, since many compound nouns don't have dictionary entries.
Your Answer


text:
How children are manipulated and how they participate: Preschool teachers' and preschool teacher assistants' perspectives Sonja Rutar and Tina Štemberger
Summary: Study of the frequency and forms of participatory and non-participatory practice (manipulation) in preschools is key to learning about and becoming aware of the existing educational process. Lack of awareness of manipulation of children prevents their emancipation in the process of education. This paper addresses the occurrence of different degrees and forms of participation and non-participation in children's education. The research study included preschool teachers and preschool teacher assistants from Slovenian public preschools. The findings suggest that neither extreme non-participatory practice nor extreme participatory practice occurs frequently. Future research should focus more on participation by proxy, an intermediary stage between non-participatory practice and children's participation that is difficult to identify in practice.


text:
On the relationship between fog and low stratus and weather types over the Swiss Plateau
The relationship between persistent fog and low stratus (FLS) and weather types has been analysed in the extended winter season for the period _PHONE_. Ten automatic weather type classifications (WTCs) operationally computed at MeteoSwiss are considered. The capability to differentiate between days with and without FLS highly depends on the WTC. The best overall performance is found for WTCs based on sea level pressure and a large number of classes (GWT 26 MSL and CAP 27). Four out of 26 classes of GWT26MSL are able to represent 59% of all FLS days; eight classes already cover 85% of all FLS days. These FLS-prone classes are mainly characterized by a high pressure system near Switzerland and an easterly wind component. The frequency of FLS events is found to be roughly determined by the frequency of these weather types. Additionally, a clear seasonal cycle in the occurrence probability of FLS in those weather classes emerges. In December and January, the occurrence of the four most FLS-prone weather classes is a good predictor of interannual FLS varia-bility. A possible FLS forecast guidance is presented with tables showing the FLS fraction per weath-er class and month for all ten MeteoSwiss WTCs. There are indications that a part of the annual FLS frequency variability might not entirely be explained by the synoptic-scale flow alone and that other factors might have an influence. Further investigations are needed to shed more light on the effect of these factors and the robustness of the WTC approach with respect to this.


text:
Bachelor of Dairy Technology (Purbanchal University)
Purbanchal University offers a bachelors degree in the field of Biological, Biomedical and Food Sciences titled Bachelor of Dairy Technology. It is a 4 years course which is divided into 8 semesters.
College of Applied Food and Dairy Technology (CAFODAT) is the first and the only college in Nepal offering Bachelor of Dairy Technology course. It is located conveniently at New Baneshwor, Kathmandu. The college aims to produce qualified professionals in the food and dairy sector and for that; the college has a specialized team of teachers who are food scientists, dairy scientists, managers and technologists.
The main objectives of this course are as follows:
- To produce food and dairy professionals.
- To improve the investigating procedure in the field of food and dairy.
- To acquire knowledge about the new technologies that are used in the dairy industries as well as in inspecting the quality and purity of the dairy products.
- To enhance the ability to conduct research in the food and dairy sector.
To apply for this course, the eligibility criterion for the students is listed below:
- Must have passed intermediate level in science stream with a minimum of 45% score
- Must have achieved at least 45% score in I. Sc.
- Diploma in food or Dairy or equivalent
Course of Study
- Applied Physics
- Applied Chemistry
- Applied Mathematics and Statistics
- Applied Microbiology
- Basic Engineering for Food and Dairy
- Agro-Business Management
- Food Chemistry
- Food Extension Educatio
- Computer Application in Food & Dairy Industries
- Instrumental Methods of Food Analysis
- Food Process Engineering I
- Biochemistry & Human Nutrition
- Advanced Microbiology
- Biochemical Engineering
- Modern Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering
- Post Harvest Technology
- IT Based Management in Food/Dairy Industries
- Quality Control and Assurance
- Food Process Laboratory System Development
- Food Process Engineering II
- Nutrition and Dietetics
- Packaging Technology
- Industrial Microbiology
- Human Resource and Entrepreneurship Development
- Dairy Chemistry I
- Dairy Microbiology I
- Dairy Engineering I : Mechanical And Electrical
- Technology of Dairy Products I : Market Milk
- Technology of Dairy Products II : Indigenous Milk Products
- Dairy Chemistry II
- Dairy Microbiology II
- Dairy Engineering II: Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
- Technology of Dairy Products III: Ice-Cream and Frozen Milk Products
- Technology of Dairy Products IV: Fermented Milk Products
- Dairy Extension and Marketing
- Dairy Business Management
- Dairy Engineering III : Design of Dairy Equipment
- Technology of Dairy Products V : Dried and Condensed Milk Products
- Dairy Plant Operation and Instrumentatio
- Quality Control in Dairy
- Research Topic Selection
- In-Plant Training
Scope and Career Prospects
Before the milk and dairy products reaches the hand of consumers, they undergo certain procedures to certain its usability. It is necessary to investigate the pH, quality and other components of the food and dairy products to conclude if it is appropriate to be consumed or not. Harmful components in food and dairy products will cause adverse effect on consumer's health. So, food scientists have a major role in protecting consumer's health.
The Bachelor of Dairy Technology graduates can get a job opportunity as dairy scientists, dairy technologists, dairy experts etc. The field has a wide scope within and outside Nepal. The salary paid to such posts is also high.
© 2015. All Rights Reserved. Colleges Nepal.


text:
Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL)
Light is absorbed by many of the atmospheric components. Absorption of light by molecules is the basis for DIAL which is used to measure the atmospheric concentrations of gases such as water vapor and ozone.
DIAL Measurements of Water Vapor
As shown in figure (a), water vapor has many discrete absorption lines. In water vapor DIAL, laser pulses are transmitted at two wavelengths, one on a water vapor absorption line, λon, and another off-line, λoff. If the two wavelengths are close together, then for both wavelengths the scattering by molecules and particles is essentially equal. The difference in the returns between the two wavelengths is then due entirely to absorption by water vapor molecules, figure (b). Thus, measurement of the ratio of the backscatter at the two wavelengths as a function of range can be used to calculate the water vapor concentration profile.
DIAL Measurements of Ozone
DIAL measurements of ozone require less precise laser frequency because ozone has a broad (~200 nm) absorption band [see figure] instead of narrow lines lines like water vapor. This requires that the onand offwavelengths be chosen with sufficient wavelength separation to ensure a significant difference in their absorption. However, uncertainty in the changes of aerosol scattering and patterning between the wavelengths can introduce error. The difference in aerosol scattering at λon and λoff can be extrapolated from a third measurement taken at a longer wavelength, λa. Therefore, DIAL measurements with three wavelengths can be used to determine ozone concentration profiles to good accuracy.


3D Printing Lending Lab
In the last few years 3D printing has exploded, revolutionizing whatever it touches, from manufacturing to medical sciences to baking. However, the technology is new enough that it has not started filtering down into the schools yet. The Diyode Community Workshop hopes to jumpstart this by providing a 3D Technology Lending Lab for loan to local schools. The lab would include a 3D scanner, printer, a computer loaded with software, and curriculum. This will allow local students to get their feet wet in 3D without the schools having to fight for a new budget item. Funding Goal: $7,000.
Areas of Interest


text:
Specify the risk level (denoted as α or alpha) for the test. Usually, an α of 0.05 works well. An α of 0.05 indicates a 5% risk of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually true (type I error).
The value of α is often set by industry guidelines. If you use a smaller value for α, such as 0.01, you can reduce the risk of a type 1 error. For example, if you perform an equivalence test using the default hypotheses, using a smaller alpha reduces the risk of claiming equivalence when it is not actually true. However, a smaller α also increases the risk that the test is overly conservative and does not allow you to claim equivalence when it is actually true.
The α value also sets the confidence level for the confidence interval. By default, the confidence level is (1 – α) × 100%. For example, if α is 0.05, Minitab calculates a 95% confidence interval.


text: - While breast milk is considered the best nourishment for newborns, they have a lowered ability to digest the fat rich liquid due to decreased lipase secretion for the first few months after birth. To offset this, breast milk itself contains Bile Salt-Stimulated Lipase (BSSL) which significantly heightens fat digestion ability. Pre-term infants (<37 weeks gestation age) are often fed donor breast milk, which is treated through Holder pasteurization by nonprofit milk banks to ensure microbiological safety. Due to the fact that Holder inactivates up to 95% of BSSL, two alternative techniques also proven to eliminate harmful breast milk pathogens were assessed for their ability to retain BSSL: high pressure processing (HPP) and gamma cell irradiation (IR). After treatment of breast milk samples with either Holder (62.5°C, 30 min), HPP (550 MPa, 5 mins), or IR (2.5 Mrads), BSSL activity was determined using a spectrometric assay and compared to raw untreated milk. IR treatment was shown to retain 32% of BSSL activity while HPP was shown to retain 84%, suggesting HPP could be an effective alternative to Holder pasteurization.


1. Home
 2. Grants in Focus
 3. Research Fellowships
 4. What really happened in 1066
Grant in Focus Apply Info
Dr Erin Goeres
University College London
Research Fellowship
What really happened in 1066?
Erin Goeres explores the entwined histories of England, Normandy and Scandinavia
Battle scene from the Icelandic manuscript Flateyjarbók.
Battle scene from the fourteenth century Icelandic manuscript Flateyjarbók (GKS 1005 fol. 145r). Reproduced by kind permission of The Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies, Reykjavík, Iceland.
We all know what happened in 1066 – or do we? Only three weeks before Harold Godwinson fell at the Battle of Hastings, another king had fought and died for the throne of England. Haraldr Sigurðarson, King of Norway, claimed the English crown through an agreement with the descendants of Cnut the Great, formerly King of England and Denmark. From a modern perspective, it is perhaps surprising to learn that England was considered by many of its medieval inhabitants to be part of the Scandinavian world. Trade, migration and intermarriage had bound the two regions closely together during the pre-Conquest period. With the defeat of Haraldr and the victory of the Normans, themselves of Scandinavian origin, 1066 became a pivotal moment of intracultural confrontation that would reverberate far beyond the borders of England itself.
Bringing together literature from medieval England, Normandy and Scandinavia, I will examine the cultural repercussions of 1066 across the medieval north. I am interested in how writers in all three regions celebrated their common heritage and mourned the wars that brought their people into conflict. The relationship between early English and Scandinavian literature has received much attention in recent years, while the multilingual nature of the Anglo-Norman sphere is fast becoming an area of great scholarly interest. However, the relationship between the histories and literatures of the Anglo-Norman and Scandinavian worlds remains in need of further examination. I aim to address this gap in our knowledge while deepening our understanding of the cultural ramifications of the Conquest, not only in England but across the northern world.
Why does an event that happened nearly a millennium ago still matter? In the debate surrounding Britain's decision to leave the European Union, some have used the memory of the Conquest to promote a monocultural view of the past predicated on isolationism and xenophobia. As Britain now seeks to re-establish itself outside the EU, I wish to show that our history is both more complicated and more hopeful. My work will demonstrate that England was a place of great ethnic and linguistic diversity long before the Conquest, and that the events of 1066 threw that diversity into sharp relief, even as new languages and cultures were introduced. Rejecting a monocultural view of the past, I hope to reveal instead the plurality of voices that have enriched the cultural heritage of both Britain and Europe for over a millennium.
Current grant holders
Keep in touch
Sign up for our funding bulletin to receive:
 - details of scheme opening dates and deadlines
 - advance notice of changes to award criteria
 - listings of grants made
The Leverhulme Trust
1 Pemberton Row
General enquiries
_PHONE_ 9888


Advertising: Innovation –Adoption Model
Rogers propounded the third model, which is known as Innovation –Adoption Model. This model has relevance to new product introductions and particularly useful for adoption of non-commercial services or practices in developing countries. The stages of evaluation and trail before adoption (or purchase) are considered significant in the design of advertising program. The decision in favor of making an evaluation is likely to be influenced by information available from various sources including advertising. Evaluation constitutes a major step towards the adoption of the product or service.
I do hope you have gone over the various models and are trying to understand the relevance of them in the context of advertising. It is basically how you register an advertisement after seeing it and the course of action as in the purchase that takes place.


text:
Podcasts & RSS Feeds
Most Active Stories
Thu September 1, 2011
Kids make music about their lives & struggles
A program based out of Flint teaches kids the fundamentals of songwriting and music production. But the songs kids write are not your typical bubble-gum pop. The program is a professional music studio that travels to schools and community centers in Flint, Grand Rapids, and Kalamazoo. It's called Studio on the Go.
Kids use computers and keyboards to make music and beats and then they write lyrics about their lives, and finally record the songs. Kids are given a topic to write about, like "education," "making it" and "family." The idea is to steer away from stuff kids hear on the radio and to instead write their own songs. The content must be positive and no swearing is allowed.
The results are songs about their personal struggles along with heartfelt tributes. Some kids sing about what it's like to have someone they love die or to have a family member in jail. Instructors say the kids learn a combination of technical skills along with life skills.


text:
LaVision's SprayMaster inspex systems measure spray pattern and spray plume geometries of spray and aerosol generating devices. The light sheet based imaging systems use eye-safe LED lamps for illumination or lasers in case of very fast pulsed sprays.
High performance multi-cone fuel sprays up to single cone household sprays are tested in-line or on-line with automated spray parameter recording and test protocol generation. Axial spray profiles are recorded applying shadow imaging when a line-of-sight arrangement is better suited for a given spray test arrangement. The highly reliable imaging modules are field changeable following the highest industrial standards. The modular system design allows flexible solutions for even demanding customization requirements.
A comprehensive spray image analysis software tool kit generates in real-time process relevant data from the spray image, builds up a statistical data base, executes a quality criteria for spray acceptance including a feedback signal to the production/process line together with a customized test protocol for data traceability. Algorithmic based spray image processing guarantees fast, repeatable and operator independent results.
Global spray imaging on a light sheet can be combined with local droplet size and velocity measurements at a predefined location within the light sheet. Such a combined spray pattern and spray droplet imaging system for a comprehensive spray nozzle test is shown as an example of a highly integrated spray imaging solution.


3. Select when the timer should end
In the section labelled Time remaining, select a countdown time. There are two methods to select from.
Countdown Timer
The countdown timer begins counting down from a specified time (e.g. 12 hours) when the visitor to the store loads the product page.
The current time is stored locally so that if the visitor reloads the page, the timer will continue.
If the repeat timer on loop setting is enabled, when the timer reaches zero, it will begin again from the original time.
Date Timer
Clicking on the Date field will open a date picker that will a date and time to be selected. The timer will count down to the selected date and time.


text:
1st Shift Candle Safety Lab Technician
Alene Candles LLC & Midwest is a private label, contract manufacturer that produces high-quality candles for some of the world's most recognized retail, boutique, and cosmetic brands. With our headquarters in New Hampshire and locations in Ohio and New York, we've been in business for over 25 years. We are passionate about making the best products in the world, making safety our number one priority, and being an insanely great place to work.
Use standardized procedures to sample, analyze, measure, and test products and materials. Record results to assist in the safety, quality, and development of the product.
3-5 Essential Job Functions
- Conduct performance and safety testing according to laboratory test standards and customer methods.
- Collect, review, and analyze lab data, resolving any issues before submitting for review.
- Identify problems concerning equipment, process, materials, safety, etc. and consult with supervisor relative to suggested resolution.
- Basic Knowledge of MS Office, and Adobe Acrobat
- Ability to add, subtract, multiply and divide in all units of measurement, using whole numbers, fractions, percentages and decimals.
- Excellent communication skills, ability to work in a group or work unsupervised.
- Ability and ambition to help create a clean and safe laboratory work environment.
- Measure candle emissions using an electronic Densitometer and perform mathematical calculations for analysis and reporting.
Physical Demands & Work Environment
While performing the duties of this job, the employee is regularly required to stand, walk, use hands to handle or touch; reach, talk, hear and smell. The employee may be required to, kneel, crouch, sit, climb or balance. The employee may lift and/or move up to more than 50 pounds with assistance. Specific vision abilities required by this job include close vision, distance vision, color vision, peripheral vision, depth perception, and ability to adjust focus. The employee may be regularly exposed to moving mechanical parts, and aromas. The employee is occasionally exposed to airborne particles. The noise level in the work environment is usually moderate
Reasonable accommodations may be made to enable individuals with disabilities to perform the essential functions of the job as outlined in the physical demands and work environment.


Refreshing registration keys on the coordination points for server-based fencing
Replacing keys on a coordination point (CP server) when the Veritas Cluster Server (VCS) cluster is online involves refreshing that coordination point's registrations. You can perform a planned refresh of registrations on a CP server without incurring application downtime on the VCS cluster. You must refresh registrations on a CP server if the CP server agent issues an alert on the loss of such registrations on the CP server database.
The following procedure describes how to refresh the coordination point registrations.
To refresh the registration keys on the coordination points for server-based fencing
 1. Ensure that the VCS cluster nodes and users have been added to the new CP server(s). Run the following commands:
 # cpsadm -s cp_server -a list_nodes
 # cpsadm -s cp_server -a list_users
 If the VCS cluster nodes are not present here, prepare the new CP server(s) for use by the VCS cluster.
 See the Veritas Cluster Server Installation Guide for instructions.
 2. Ensure that fencing is running on the cluster in customized mode using the coordination points mentioned in the /etc/vxfenmode file.
 If the /etc/vxfenmode.test file exists, ensure that the information in it and the /etc/vxfenmode file are the same. Otherwise, vxfenswap utility uses information listed in /etc/vxfenmode.test file.
 For example, enter the following command:
 # vxfenadm -d
 Fencing Protocol Version: 201
 Fencing Mode: CUSTOMIZED
 Cluster Members:
 * 0 (galaxy)
 1 (nebula)
 RFSM State Information:
 node 0 in state 8 (running)
 node 1 in state 8 (running)
 3. List the coordination points currently used by I/O fencing :
 # vxfenconfig -l
 4. Copy the /etc/vxfenmode file to the /etc/vxfenmode.test file.
 This ensures that the configuration details of both the files are the same.
 5. Run the vxfenswap utility from one of the nodes of the cluster.
 The vxfenswap utility requires a secure ssh connection to all the cluster nodes. Use -n to use rsh instead of default ssh.
 For example:
 # vxfenswap [-n]
 The command returns:
 VERITAS vxfenswap version
 The logfile generated for vxfenswap is
 Please Wait...
 VXFEN vxfenconfig NOTICE Driver will use customized fencing
 - mechanism cps
 Validation of coordination points change has succeeded on
 all nodes.
 You may commit the changes now.
 WARNING: This may cause the whole cluster to panic
 if a node leaves membership before the change is complete.
 6. You are then prompted to commit the change. Enter y for yes.
 The command returns a confirmation of successful coordination point replacement.
 7. Confirm the successful execution of the vxfenswap utility. If CP agent is configured, it should report ONLINE as it succeeds to find the registrations on coordination points. The registrations on the CP server and coordinator disks can be viewed using the cpsadm and vxfenadm utilities respectively.
 Note that a running online coordination point refreshment operation can be canceled at any time using the command:
 # vxfenswap -a cancel


The stupid question is the question not asked
Fabric calculator - a better way to do it?
by ailie (Friar)
on Dec 06, 2001 at 04:04 UTC ( #129813=perlquestion: print w/ replies, xml ) Need Help??
This is a script I wrote to calculate how much fabric I need when making various quilt blocks. At the moment it's run from the command line, but I'd like to eventually get it so it can be run from a web page. That's where I really started to get frustrated. Alternately, a GUI might be sort of neat.
Anyway, I would be interested in receiving feedback on the script as it stands now. I have a vague feeling that perhaps there are better, cleaner ways to do much of what I've got, and I'd like to learn them.
#!/usr/bin/perl -w use strict; # How many fabrics are you using? my $j; my $number_of_fabrics; print "How many fabrics are you using? \n"; chomp($number_of_fabrics = ); for ($j = 1; $j <= $number_of_fabrics; $j++) { # How wide is the fabric you are using? my %fabric_width; my $fab_width; print "How wide is fabric $j? \n"; chomp($fab_width = ); $fabric_width{$j} = $fab_width - 2; print "To be safe, we'll use a width of $fabric_width{$j} for fabri +c $j. \n"; # How many different shapes is a block made of? my $number_of_shapes; print "How many different shapes of fabric $j is a block made of? \ +n"; chomp($number_of_shapes = ); # What are the dimensions of the shapes? my $i; my %width; my %height; my %shape; my $piece; for ($i = 1; $i <= $number_of_shapes; $i++) { my $shape_width; print "What is the width of shape $i? \n"; chomp($shape_width = ); $width{$i} = $shape_width; my $shape_height; print "What is the height of shape $i? \n"; chomp($shape_height = ); $height{$i} = $shape_height; $shape{$i} = $shape_width. "x". $shape_height; } print "Shape dimensions: \n"; foreach $i (keys (%shape)) { print "The dimensions of shape $i are $shape{$i}\n"; } # For each shape, how many can be made per yard of fabric? my $number_per_fabric_width_strip; my $strips_per_yard; my $number_per_yard; my $number_of_pieces; my %pieces; my $number_of_strips; my $strip_yardage; my $remainder; my $fabric_yardage; my $number_of_blocks; my $total_pieces; foreach $i (keys (%height)) { $number_per_fabric_width_strip = $fabric_width{$j} / ($height{$i +}); $number_per_fabric_width_strip = int $number_per_fabric_width_st +rip; print "You can get $number_per_fabric_width_strip piece(s) of sh +ape $i per $width{$i}\" strip of fabric $j.\n"; $strips_per_yard = 36 / ($width{$i}); $strips_per_yard = int $strips_per_yard; print "You can get $strips_per_yard $width{$i}\" strips per yard +. \n"; $number_per_yard = $number_per_fabric_width_strip * $strips_per_ +yard; print "You can get $number_per_yard of shape $i per yard of $fabric_width{$j}\" of fabric $j. \n"; print "How many of shape $i do you need per block? \n"; chomp($number_of_pieces = ); $pieces{$i} = "$number_of_pieces"; print "You need $number_of_pieces per block. \n"; print "How many blocks are you making? \n"; chomp($number_of_blocks = ); print "You are making $number_of_blocks blocks. \n"; $total_pieces = $number_of_pieces * $number_of_blocks; print "You need $total_pieces of shape $i. \n"; if ($total_pieces <= $number_per_fabric_width_strip) { print "You will need one $width{$i}\" strip of fabric $j. \n" +; } else { $number_of_strips = $total_pieces / $number_per_fabric_width_ +strip; $number_of_strips = int $number_of_strips; $remainder = $total_pieces % $number_per_fabric_width_strip; $strip_yardage= $number_of_strips * $width{$i}; if ($remainder == 0) { print "You will need exactly $strip_yardage\". \n"; } else { $fabric_yardage = $strip_yardage + $width{$i}; print "You will need $fabric_yardage\" of fabric $j. The last +$width{$i}\" strip will have only $remainder pieces cut from it. \n"; } } } }
Thanks for any advice.
Comment on Fabric calculator - a better way to do it?
Download Code
Re: Fabric calculator - a better way to do it?
by jynx (Priest) on Dec 06, 2001 at 09:36 UTC
 A few suggestions,
 Most of these are rather cosmetic, but they should help readability.
 Considering how many times you read from STDIN you may want to farm that part out to a subroutine. It would remove clutter from the rest of the code and should be a bit more maintainable later.
 For structures like %width an array seems to make more sense than a hash. It works either way, but it's probably a good idea to try and use more appropriate tools when possible.
 Also you can reduce the number of variables you have to keep track of by using a hash for multiple things. For example, your $number_of_* variables in the last section could probably be written as (using a subroutine for getting STDIN):
 my %number; $number{blocks} = get_input("How many blocks are you making?"); $number{strips} = int( $total_pieces / $number_per_fabric_width_strip) +; etc...
(crazyinsomniac:) Re: Fabric calculator - a better way to do it?
by crazyinsomniac (Prior) on Dec 06, 2001 at 11:42 UTC
 This is me just being a monkey and testing the script out:
 F:\dev>perl How many fabrics are you using? 2 How wide is fabric 1? 1 To be safe, we'll use a width of -1 for fabric 1. How many different shapes of fabric 1 is a block made of? 1 What is the width of shape 1? 1 What is the height of shape 1? 2 Shape dimensions: The dimensions of shape 1 are 1x2 You can get 0 piece(s) of shape 1 per 1" strip of fabric 1. You can get 36 1" strips per yard. You can get 0 of shape 1 per yard of -1" of fabric 1. How many of shape 1 do you need per block? 23 You need 23 per block. How many blocks are you making? 2 You are making 2 blocks. You need 46 of shape 1. Illegal division by zero at line 88, line 7. F:\dev>
 I'll update this node after I've messed with the code.
 My monkeying around immediately proves insightful into how you can improve this (at least it appears so to me).
 A good strategy might be to turn this into a module, and then, write "interfaces" for it, like commandline, CGI, GUI. All I have to say at this point is, not bad quiltmaker (some of your math may be funny, but useful to real people and immensly perlmonkish -- no prog/perl bg, good practices at the beginning). I see sanity checks, units of measurement conversions, price estimation.... ;D
 #!/usr/bin/perl -w use strict; # How many fabrics are you using? my $number_of_fabrics; print "How many fabrics are you using? \n"; chomp($number_of_fabrics = ); $number_of_fabrics =~ s/\D//; # only allow number input ## $number_of_fabrics ||= 3; # assume default quietly unless($number_of_fabrics and $number_of_fabrics >=3 ) { warn "Ahem!!! You must enter a NUMBER >= 3, but that's ok, default + is 3"; $number_of_fabrics = 3; } #... more to come... ;D
 Disclaimer: Don't blame. It came from inside the void
 Wow. It never even occurred to me to put in widths like that, since quilting fabric is


10 Facts About 1950s Singapore That Only Your Ah Ma Will Remember
Singapore In The 50s
Articles about '90s kids' are far too many online. Today, we're going to throw all the way back to a time when our grandparents were young -- the 50s.
Shirtless children running around kampungs defined the spirit of the 50s. It was a decade when people had no care about the paper chase or the 5Cs. The children played bare-foot in the fields while adults crouched at the steps of their attap houses and work was just for feeding the mouths under the same zinc roof.
The 50s also saw the rise of cultural icons that eventually shaped Singapore. Show your grandparents this list and you might be wowed by their memories from pre-independence Singapore.
1. We had privately-owned zoos with 50 cent entrance fees
1950s singapore
1950s singapore
The owner Mr Tong, taking care of his rhino.
1950s singapore
The west of Singapore has been always the go-to place for wildlife sanctuaries. Long before the Singapore Zoo was the Singapore Miniature Zoo at Pasir Panjang. You might not think much of wildlife preservation in post-war Singapore but the Singapore Miniature Zoo had not only sun bears and lions -- they even had penguins!
Ticketing fees were also cheaper in the past with adults paying 50 cents and children a mere 20 cents.
2. Magnolia's iconic pyramid-shaped milk packets
1950s singapore
This ought to be the fondest memory any child in the 50s had. Free milk was given out in the schools in the quirky shape of a pyramid, unlike the usual rectangular cartons that we now see everywhere. This unique and iconic packaging is one everyone soon started associating with Magnolia.
3. A swimming pool that becomes women-only on Tuesdays
1950s singapore
At least 120 Singaporeans visited the pool every day in the 50s. Source
1950s singapore
Being the second public swimming pool in Singapore, it is no wonder that Yan Kit Swimming Pool was always crowded with locals escaping the heat. It was often so jam-packed that there wasn't any room to swim laps and visitors were limited to spending just two hours there.
On Tuesdays, the pool was only opened for ladies who found it immodest to be in their swimsuits among strangers.
4. A scheme for children to save money
1950s singapore
10-cents = one plate of mee rebus. Source
1950s children were taught to save money by buying stamps for 10 cents each, and sticking them on a School Savings Scheme card. Once they've stuck 20 stamps onto the card (for $2 in total), they could trade the card in at the post office and their bank account would be credited with the money. If students had at least $5 in their account at the end of the year, they'd even get an extra $5 from the government.
This was to encourage the habit of saving in small doses!
5. There was a legit reason to squat on chairs in coffee shops
1950s singapore
There's no better reason to squat on a chair than this. Source
Back when spitting phlegm and chewing tobaccos were everyday habits of the Singaporean uncle, avoiding goops of saliva was easier said than done.
1950s singapore
A floor flooded with spit is not a good sight. Source
By placing vases-like containers called spittoons under coffee tables, it wasn't long before people realised that they should start crossing their legs or squatting on the chairs to keep the floor clean.
Maybe this was how we mastered the Asian squat.
6. The Magnolia Ice-Cream man
1950s singapore
No child can withstand the bell of the ice cream man. Source
The ice cream man is a familiar sight for us even till today. As Singaporeans, our love for ice-cream in bread is one that has endeared through the generations and through the decades.
In the days of your ah ma, it took on the form of a peddler on his motorcycle with a yellow "ship" connected to it. In the "ship" was the answer to surviving Singapore's weather: rectangular blocks of Magnolia's classic ice-cream. Yasss.
7. Mass weddings were really common
1950s singaproe
Imagine getting married together with your clique. Source
In those days, being married alongside other couples was a common occasion. In the different dialect guilds and clubs, over 10 couples could get married all on a single day. This trend lasted till the 70s and there were even instances where they'd all go on their honeymoon together!
1950s singapore
8. The "OG" of TCM - the "Koh Yok" man
1950s singapore
They're literally 'doctors' on the street corner. Source
If you ever got a bruise and your ah ma asks you to rub some strange-smelling liquid on it, chances are that she learnt that technique from the koh yok man -- the poor man's doctor.
The koh yok man's medical knowledge was not acknowledged by Western medicine but has a long tradition stemming from legit TCM. They struck out a living on the streets by providing medical attention for those who can't afford private doctors. With thwacks here and there, they could even relieve sprains or even joint dislocations.
9. $1 circus shows with wild animals
1950s singapore
Being in a cage filled with wild cats must've been nerve-wrecking.
1950s singapore
The tightrope has been a classic act ever since the first circuses. Source
Wild animals in circuses might have been banned in Singapore for more than 10 years but in the 50s, it was all the rage. The Big Tops can be found setting up in any vacant plot of land with the performing animals kept in cages outside them and there'd be 2 shows running every day.
Tigers jumping through hoops, tightrope walkers and gymnasts -- there was entertainment for everyone even in those turbulent times.
10. "Burning the midnight oil" was literal
1950s singapore
A common sight in families of the 50s. Source
This was probably the one thing from their past that hardworking students and busy adults would remember of their sleepless nights. By burning the kerosene-soaked wicks, everyone in the family would be able to work through the night in an otherwise dark home.
The scarcity of electricity in those days meant that every night of 'burning midnight oil' ran the risk of being a fire hazard.
The 1950s Singapore we will never see
Long gone are the circuses and fear of kicking over spittoons but these are nostalgic elements of our grandparents' past that you can talk about to see their eyes sparkle. Talking about the 50s would awaken the same nostalgia in our grandparents as it does for us when someone talks about waking up at 9am to catch our favourite cartoon programmes.
Collect exclusive Magnolia's 80th anniversary memorabilia
1950s singapore
A household name in Singapore since the introduction of the pyramid-shaped pack in the 1950s, Magnolia's been the brand that comes to mind whenever a generation of Singaporeans wanted to buy fresh milk.
With its iconic packaging and involvement in the School Milk Programme, it is no wonder that till today, our ah gong and ah ma remember the classic brand as a major part of their childhood. It was, after all, on a daily basis, that Magnolia brought the nutrition game for the children up a notch.
1950s singapore
Through the years, Magnolia has embedded itself in Singapore's history with its influence, stretching from the ice cream uncles in the streets to being a complement to our breakfasts.
1950s singapore
As Magnolia commemorates its 80th year of being Singapore's trusted milk brand, Singaporeans can look forward to redeeming one of four available Magnolia vintage mugs with every purchase of two 1 litre packs of MAGNOLIA Pasteurised Milk or a 2 litre bottle of MAGNOLIA Pasteurised Milk, or 2 bottles of 800ml MAGNOLIA Yoghurt Smoothie.
Available at supermarkets and hypermarket, the limited edition mugs are up for grabs till 31 March 2017, only while stocks last.
1950s singapore
An exclusive MAGNOLIA Bean Bag Chair in the shape of its old-school pyramid-shaped packaging is also up for grabs as a part of the celebration! To stand a chance to win it, check out the terms before heading over to take part in MAGNOLIA's Facebook quiz.
Find out more about Magnolia's 80th anniversary celebrations here!
This post was brought to you by Magnolia.
Also watch us on TheSmartLocalTV!
GrabTaxi's 10/10 Promotion Gets You $7 Off Taxi Ri...
8 Trainee Places In Singapore To Get Atas Services...


text:
What's a "flare stack"? It's neither of those two giant stacks where the blast occurred, is it? What's a "flaring operation"? Is this Natural Gas or....? What are these "cylinders"? And why is it black smoke?
Cylanders used in welding operations, argon, acetylene, propane, nitrogen. Flare stacks are small stacks attached to a "furnace" used to burn them off. Black smoke because most of the burn off is a hydrocarbon.
Each cylinder is put in an enclosure. The contents of the cylinder are released and ignited. Acetylene burns black.
Post a Comment


text:
What: The Atomium
Where: Square de l'Atomium, B-1020 Brussels, Belgium
In northern Brussels a structure named 'Europe's most bizarre building' is a permanent reminder of the Cold War's utopian vision of the future. The Atomium was constructed for Expo 58, the Brussels World's Fair of 1958, and was originally intended only to survive the months of the Fair. But such was the popularity of this unusual part-building part-sculpture that over half a century later it remains the Belgian capital's most popular tourist destination.
The 335ft-high stainless steel building was designed by engineer André Waterkeyn with architects André and Jean Polak. The shape represents a single molecule of iron magnified 165 billion times. Five of its nine spheres house permanent and temporary exhibition spaces, while the connecting tubes enclose escalators and staircases. The top provides a panoramic view where on a clear day visitors can see as far as Antwerp.
Built at the height of the Cold War, when scientific developments were at the forefront of confrontations between competing nations, the Atomium recalls the idealistic dreams of the Space Race and ambitions on both sides of the Iron Curtain for an ultra-modern and super-technological future.
Images: Exterior and interior of The Atomium, designed by André Waterkeyn, André Polak and Jean Polak, 1958. Photos courtesy Shed Expedition


text:
Hungary: Lake Balaton
Orbit 34144 (ascending) Frame 2662, October 31, 2001 9:37 GMT
Image shows Lake Balaton and its surroundings. Located in the Transdanubia region,
Western Hungary, the Balaton is the largest freshwater lake in central Europe.
It stretches along the southern foothills of the
Bakony Mountains and represents an important
recreational and fishing
resource, although it is severely polluted.
On the lake's north shore, the conservation reserve
and national park of Tihanyl-felsziget.
Fine vineyards grow all along the other parts of the
lake shore and complete the landscape of the region,
characterised by rolling hills with highly fertile soil.
Click on the thumbnail image to see a higher resolution version of this image;
a very high resolution image, 983 x 1023 pixels, 430530 bytes, is also available.
Keywords: ESA European
Space Agency - Agence spatiale europeenne,
observation de la terre, earth observation,
satellite remote sensing,
teledetection, geophysique, altimetrie, radar,
chimique atmospherique, geophysics, altimetry, radar,


text:
High-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry of gold and alloy clusters protected by hydrophilic thiolates†
In this work, we found two hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) columns for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) suitable for the high-resolution separation of hydrophilic metal clusters. The mass distributions of the product mixtures of hydrophilic metal clusters were evaluated via HPLC mass spectrometry (LC/MS) using these HILIC columns. Consequently, we observed multiple clusters that had not been previously reported for glutathionate (SG)-protected gold clusters (Aun(SG)m). Additionally, we demonstrated that Aun−xMx(SG)m alloy clusters (M = Ag, Cu, or Pd) in which part of the Au in the Aun(SG)m cluster is replaced by a heteroelement can be synthesized, similar to the case of hydrophobic alloy clusters. It is easy to evaluate the mass distributions of hydrophilic metal clusters using this method. Thus, remarkable progress in the synthesis techniques of hydrophilic metal clusters through the use of this method is anticipated, as is the situation for hydrophobic metal clusters.


text:
Definition of Kearns-Sayre syndrome
Kearns-Sayre syndrome: A neuromuscular disorder characterized by three primary findings:
Kearns-Sayre syndrome is one of the mitochondrial encephalomyopathies. These disorders are due to defects in the DNA of the mitochondria, the cell structures that produce energy. These defects cause the brain and muscles to function abnormally (encephalomyopathy). In about 80% of cases of Kearns-Sayre syndrome, tests reveal deletions in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA).
There are many other names for the Kearns-Sayre syndrome including: CPEO with myopathy; CPEO with ragged-red fibers; KSS; Mitochondrial cytopathy, Kearns-Sayre type; Oculocraniosomatic syndrome; Ophthalmoplegia-plus syndrome; Ophthalmoplegia with myopathy; and Ophthalmoplegia with ragged-red fibers.Source: MedTerms™ Medical Dictionary
Last Editorial Review: 6/14/2012
Medical Dictionary Definitions A - Z
Search Medical Dictionary
Find out what women really need.
Most Popular Topics
Pill Identifier on RxList
- quick, easy,
Find a Local Pharmacy
- including 24 hour, pharmacies


Explore BrainMass
Explore BrainMass
 CD Camera produces a new camera that it claims can take an average of more than 7 photographs per second. A test of 25 randomly selected cameras yielded the following sample values mean = 7.15 photo/sec S =.58 photo/sec.
 Use alpha = 0.01. Formulate the null and alternative hypotheses.
 Note: You will be doing several problems using the CD Camera problem situation. Be sure to check the given data each time, from problem to problem, because the given numbers will likely be different.
 © BrainMass Inc. brainmass.com March 4, 2021, 10:12 pm ad1c9bdddf
 Solution Summary
 A complete, neat and step-by-step solution is provided.


text:
Aims of the project
Aims are linked to ongoing exchange of ideas to progress teaching and learning in both schools.
it will be seen as successful if the frequency of meetings and exchange events trigger improvements in practice in either school. Senior managers and pupils have already gained from the links.
Background and goals
- The project was initiated at the joint initiative of the respective head teachers.
- The Head of Gartree made an initial approach which was reciprocated.
- The partnership took place during the academic year 2014/15.
- Time availability is the only real resource critical factor.
- Facilities, such as Leicester Grammar's performance spaces may be shared from time to time.
- Currently it is focussed on SMT and teaching staff.
The outcomes will be judged by review carried out by the respective heads on an annual basis. Lessons learnt and possible improvements will be judged and incorporated in future work. It is seen as a long term linkage.
All from the age of 10 to 18 may be involved. An example is the annual Mathematics challenge competition in which Garyree has entered at least one team of Year 7 pupils. The competition is run by Leicester Grammar schools mathematics staff with help from Years 12 and 13 pupils. This is a co-educational experience.
Frequency and duration
The mathematics challenge is annual event but otherwise like events are ongoing throughout the academic year.


text:
In this tutorial, you have a chance to learn how to create a realistic water effect in flash using the mask and some special flash tips and tricks. To create this lesson, you don't have to use A.S.code. You will also learn how to create water shape, how to animate it, convert it into a Movie Clip Symbol and more!
Example: Step 1
Create a new flash document and set frame rate to 13 fps (Frames per Second).Step 2
Import any picture in flash (Ctrl+R), on which you want to apply the water effect.Step 3
While your picture is still selected, press F8 key (Convert to Symbol) to convert it into a Movie Clip.Step 4
Double click on a new made Movie Clip (picture) or choose right click and Edit in Place.Step 5
While your picture is still selected, press F8 key to Convert it into a Graphic symbol.
After that, double click on layer1 to rename its name in mianPicture. Then, click on frame 1, choose right click and Copy Frames.Step 6
Insert a new layer and name it picture. Click on frame 1 and choose right click and Paste Frames.Step 7
Insert a new layer again, and name it waterEffect.Step 8
Take the Rectangle Tool (R), Stroke color must be switched off, under Fill color choose any color and draw a "rectangle" over the picture. Then, take the Selection Tool (V), and do like it is shown on the picture below.
Finally, you'll need to get this:Step 9
Click on frame 10, 20 and 30 of layer waterEffect and press F6 (Keyframe).Step 10
Go back on frame 10, and using the arrows key on the keyboard, move the "effect" a little down. After that click on frame 30, and move the "effect" a little up.Step 11
Select the waterEffect layer, and in Properties Panel under Tween choose Shape.Step 12
Select waterEffect layer and convert it to a mask by right-clicking on the waterEffect layer and selecting Mask.Step 13
Click on frame 30 of layer picture and main_picture and press F5 on the keyboard.
Test your Movie (Ctrl+Enter).
We're done!Download source file (.fla)


text:
Forlond was a harbour that lay on the northern shore of the Gulf of Lhûn, in the Elvish land of Forlindon. Its precise location is open to question. In Appendix A to The Lord of the Rings, there's an account of the arrival of the Gondorian general Eärnur in Lindon, where we're told that his ships filled the Forlond. That account strongly suggests that the harbour represented no more than the northern part of Mithlond, the Grey Havens. According to the maps that accompany The Lord of the Rings, though, the Forlond was placed some two hundred miles to the west of the Havens, at the mouth of the Gulf of Lhûn.
Whichever of these alternatives is correct, we can be sure that it lay on the northern shore of the Gulf, because the name Forlond is derived from the Elvish for 'north haven'. It had an equivalent on the southern shore, too: the Harlond or'south haven'.


Declaration of Dresden (1982)
ICOMOS Symposia
The Declaration of Dresden is concerned with the reconstruction of monuments destroyed by war. It calls for documentation of monuments as a means to ensure their protection in times of conflict and notes the reasons and techniques for reconstruction as well the importance of exchanging knowledge between nations as a way to ensure appreciation and protection of this heritage. The Declaration supports earlier recommendations by UNESCO and the ICOMOS General Assembly on the prevention of war and calls for international cooperation and disarmament in order to prevent war.


text:
Calculations with different methods
- 938.188 miles
- 1509.867 kilometers
- 815.263 nautical miles
Vincenty's formula calculates the distance between latitude/longitude points on the earth's surface, using an ellipsoidal model of the earth.Haversine formula
- 935.419 miles
- 1505.411 kilometers
- 812.857 nautical miles
The haversine formula calculates the distance between latitude/longitude points assuming a spherical earth (great-circle distance).
Estimated flight time from Fort Albany Airport (YFA) to Wollaston Lake Airport (ZWL) is 2 hours 16 minutes.
Time difference and current local times
The time difference between Fort Albany and Wollaston Lake is 2 hours. Wollaston Lake is 2 hours behind Fort Albany.
Carbon dioxide emissions
Estimated CO2 emissions per passenger is 135 kg (297 pounds).
Fort Albany to Wollaston Lake flight map.
Frequent Flyer Miles Calculator
Fort Albany (YFA) → Wollaston Lake (ZWL).


text:
How do I parse an XML, which is stored in a String? Assume the string name is xmlString. It contains 'employee' as root node and firstname, lasename, address as child node.
I tried the following with xml4J parser. 1. Create a parser object Parser p = new Parser("parser.err"); 2. converting a string into an inputstream. ByteArrayInputStream is = new ByteArrayInputStream(xmlString.getBytes());
3. Create the DOM tree TXDocument document = parser.readStream(is); here, document(DOM tree) is null. So, I am not able to get the root element. Why is that??? Thanks


Plane Angle
The plane angle a is determined by the length of the arc a and the radius r. The biggest plane angle obtains for a full circle (2πr) over 2π.
Solid Angle
Analogously, the solid angle Ω describes the size of a sector in three-dimensional space. It is the product of area A and the square of radius r². The biggest solid angle obtains for a spherical surface (4πr²) over 4π.


Skip to content ↓
Welcome To
Willingham Primary School
Year 5: Ming vases
In Year 5, we have been looking at Chinese blue and white porcelain and have created paintings of Ming vases using a sgraffito technique.
We looked at traditional shapes of vases from the 14th Century onward and decided on a shape for our own vase. The children drew a vertical line to help keep their shape symmetrical. They then used oil pastel to colour in their design:
They painted over their design with white paint and while it was still wet, began to make intricate patterns with the other end of a small paintbrush.
Here are some finished examples:


text:
UW scientists have provided fresh insight into an issue that has vexed civilization since the beginning: how to keep a drink cold on a hot day. It turns out that condensation on the outside of a canned beverage can provide more heat than the surrounding air, meaning your drink would warm more than twice as much in humid weather as in dry heat.
"Probably the most important thing a beer koozie does is not simply insulate the can, but keep condensation from forming on the outside of it," explains Dale Durran, UW professor of atmospheric sciences. Durran is co-author of results published in Physics Today that give the exact warming for a range of plausible summer temperatures and humidity levels. For example, on the hottest, most humid day in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, condensation alone would warm a can from near-freezing temperature to 48 degrees Fahrenheit in just five minutes.
The phenomenon at work—latent heat of condensation—has implications beyond keeping you refreshed on a summer day. The concept is central to research on water vapor, heat transfer and global climate change being conducted by co-author Dargan Frierson, UW associate professor of atmospheric sciences. "We expect a much moister atmosphere with global warming because warmer air can hold a lot more water vapor," Frierson reports.


Australia Literature and Language
Break Dancing
What is the gliding position called for the whip kick?
Top Answer
User Avatar
Wiki User
Answered 2007-09-06 19:58:27
its called stream line
User Avatar
Your Answer
Still have questions?
Related Questions
How do you do a whip kick?
breaststroke kick
How does bacillus move?
Bacillus used a whip-like structure called a flagellum to move about. Some bacilli that don't have a flagella move by twitching or gliding.
Is whip kick better than wedge kick?
yes Dr. Jinx
What is a jockey's whip called?
A jockey's whip is called a crop.
What is an Australian cowboy's whip called?
There are no cowboys in Australia. The men who work with cattle are called "stockmen". A stockman's whip is called... a whip.
What is the musical instrument called the whip?
Whip is a percussion instrument. It is also called a slapstick.
How do you whip the person in smackdown vs raw 2008 for psp?
You can't whip them but there is a triple kick reversal move of the ropes and reverse back and slam down
In congress the position whip was named after what sport?
Fox hunting
What was the whip called that they whipped Jesus with?
Jesus was whipped as part of the punishment for our sins. The whip was called the cat of nine tails.
How do iguana defend themselfs?
Hiss......Scratch.....head bob....TAIL WHIP....and bite....oh and kick
What is a riding whip called?
a 'crop'
What is the sound of whip called?
What is the best thing to do if your pony you are riding bucks?
sit back kick them or if you have a whip use that and pull their head up
Does Willow Smith sing you whip my hair back and fourth?
- yes she does but the song is called whip my hair
What is the jockey's whip called?
A riding crop.
The whip used by a horseback rider?
the whip used by a horse back rider is generally called a crop when it is short, the term whip is also used for longer lengths.
What are two roles of the majority whip?
Two roles of the majority whip are to assist the floor leader and ensure member attendance. They also count votes and communicate the majority position.
Is there item called whip?
I seem to remember that there is a microbe (name unremembered) which is part animal and part plant. It photosynthesized light like a plant, but it also feeds itself with a whip-like appendage called a flagellum, the Latin word for whip.
Leader of the minority party is called the whip?
What is whip cream and fruit mixed called?
Is the leader of the minority party is called the whip.?
Which instrumrnt is called a licorice whip instrument?
A clarinet.
The leader of the minority party is called the whip?
Assisting the majority and minority party leaders in both houses are members called what?
Majority whip and Minority whip (PLATO)
In runescape there is a weapon that looks like a whip but you dont need any combat levels to wield it what is it called i think is like a mouse whip or something?
It called a mouse toy.


text:
Paper: Entrepreneurialism and Affectivity: Selling Poverty and Childhood in Cusco
Cusco, Peru is one of Latin Americaâ€™s leading tourist destinations. With Machu Picchu and other nearby Inca ruins as the main attractions, tourism has become the principal economic and development strategy for the city. This is apparent not just through numerous public and private investments in tourism infrastructure, and the popularity of guiding as a profession, but also because of the many families who participate in an informal street economy, vending souvenirs and artisanal products to tourists. Local children compose an active group of the most successful vendors, often because of the entrepreneurial strategies they have developed for engaging their clients. Child vendors creatively draw on their own discourses of poverty and childhood to encourage both cultural and economic exchanges, with the affectivity of children enabling them to earn as much asâ€"or more thanâ€"their parents. This dissertation project investigates the interactions between children and tourists in Cusco in a number of spaces, including the streets and in aid centers. Focusing on interactions in this first space, this paper will explore several of the strategies that children use, including their development, how they are passed on between vendors, and their success. The economic roles that children play within their families, and the motivations children offer as to why they sell, will also be discussed. This project contributes to anthropological and interdisciplinary studies of childhood, poverty, and tourism, by exploring the economic and cultural exchanges that occur between local children and foreign tourists. In focusing on the childrenâ€™s perspectives on their own labor and viewing their strategies as entrepreneurially supportive of their families, the project allows a nuanced understanding of child labor as both a global phenomenon and a real issue that many different actors are negotiating in Cusco.


text:
Hypertext Help with LaTeX
The \addtocontents command adds text (or formatting commands) directly
to the file that generates the table of contents or list of figures or
- file is the extension of the file on which information is to be
written: toc (table of contents), lof (list of figures), or lot
(list of tables).
- text is the information to be written.
See also Table of Contents
Return to the LaTeX Table of Contents
Revised: Sheldon Green, 28 Jun 1995.


text: Cooperative diversity techniques have been proposed to improve the performance of modern wireless mesh networks. The increased demand for bandwidth has led to the employment of frequencies above 10 GHz, where the dominant fading mechanism is rain attenuation. The rain attenuation induced on a microwave path is usually modelled as a lognormal random variable. In this paper, the outage performance analysis of a cooperative diversity system operating at frequencies above 10 GHz is presented, employing spatially correlated lognormal fading channels. The final destination node combines the direct link signal with a signal received through a regenerative (decode-and-forward) relay using selection combining. Various multiple-access protocols are considered, while energy and spectral efficiency are investigated. Extended numerical results present the impact of various operational, geometrical and geographical on the system performance. Finally, comparison with an effective direct link highlights the gain of cooperative diversity techniques.


text:
This is another daft claim. It is daft for the same reason as Cassidy's explanation for glim is daft. When people borrow between languages, they tend to borrow individual words. Occasionally they borrow well-known and often-used phrases. However they never borrow random bits of sentences and they borrow the most basic form of the word. Cassidy claims that 'beef' as in 'to have a beef with someone' comes from the Irish phrase b'aifirt which means (if it means anything) 'was a reproach'. On its own and out of any context like this, it really means nothing and it would be pronounced baffirch, which doesn't sound much like beef.
The origins of the slang term 'beef' (complaint) are not known. There are various suggestions involving disputes between sheep-herders and cow-punchers in the old west or soldiers complaining about their rations in the Civil War. However, 'beef' doesn't come from b'aifirt and that's a fact.


text:
||September 12, 2006 03:23
Hi! I am using a eulerian-lagrangian aproach to simulate gas side fouling on a heat transfer surface.Particle loading is low and so the DPM_one-way approach is a good approach. So far, i can track injection files and store the mass flux of particles that reach the surface in a UDM. I would like to convert dirty cells into solid ones to simulate the augmented thermal resistance and the reduced cross section. Does anybody Knows if is possible convert the dirty cells of fluid into solid cells of fouling via UDF? Is there any other technique to introduce a temporal dimension in the simulation? Thanks in advance, any comment is wellcome.


text:
Our Scopolamine Main Article provides a comprehensive look at the who, what, when and how of Scopolamine
Definition of Scopolamine
Scopolamine: A naturally occurring member of a large chemical class of compounds called alkaloids. Scopolamine was first introduced into medical usage in 1902. The name comes from that of the 18th-century Italian naturalist Giovanni Scopoli.
Scopolamine and atropine, comes from the plant Atropa belladonna also called "deadly nightshade." It was once used by the Spanish ladies to dilate their pupils and make their cheeks rosy. It has also been used as a poison. When scopolamine is given in lower (non-poisonous) doses, it causes "mad as a hatter, dry as a beet, hot as a hen" hallucinations, fever, flushed skin and cardiac arrhythmias. The jimson weed seeds are sometimes used for this sense of euphoria (a "high").
Scopolamine together with morphine provided childbirth without pain (or without the memory of pain), once a much sought-after objective. Known as twilight sleep, this combination of drugs could cause serious problems. It completely removed the mother from the birth experience and it gravely depressed the baby's central nervous system. This sometimes made for a drowsy depressed baby with depressed breathing capacity. Twilight sleep therefore has fallen entirely out of favor and is now a chapter in the history of obstetrics.
Last Editorial Review: 9/20/2012
Back to MedTerms online medical dictionary A-Z List
Need help identifying pills and medications?
Get the latest health and medical information delivered direct to your inbox FREE!


text:
Definition of slickens
1a : the thin layer of extremely fine silt sometimes deposited by flood waters of a stream b : finely pulverized material from a quartz mill or washings of lighter earth sluiced away in hydraulic mining
2 : slickenside
Start your free trial today and get unlimited access to America's largest dictionary, with:
- More than 250,000 words that aren't in our free dictionary
- Expanded definitions, etymologies, and usage notes
- Advanced search features
- Ad free!
Origin and Etymology of slickens
probably irregular from slick finely pounded ore, from German schlich slime
Seen and Heard
What made you want to look up slickens? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible).


text:
Did you know that Hook Grasses can control water loss by folding up their leaves?
Contrary to their common name, Hook Grasses are not grasses but Sedges and they belong to the family Cyperaceae. Sedges are commonly found in wet or poorly drained habitats. Hook Grasses, however, can be found in a much greater diversity of habitats.
In New Zealand, Hook Grasses can grow in costal scrub, forests, swamps, grasslands or herbfields in sub-alpine and alpine habitats.
Although Hook Grasses have colonised drier habitats, water is still important for their survival and they use a very clever system, operated by so-called bulliform cells, to regulate water loss. Bulliform cells are large, bubble-shaped cells found in the upper surface of the leaves. In Hook Grasses these cells are found all along the midrib.
When water availability is low, these cells shrink causing the leaf blade to fold. Each side of the leaf blade, at either side of the midrib, moves towards each other like closing a book. By folding their leaves these sedges reduce the area exposed to sunlight and therefore water loss by evaporation.
This mechanism allows water to be maintained inside the plant. Once water is available again, these cells enlarge and the leaf blade unfolds again.


What is UDF?
A User Defined Function is a custom function defined to perform transformation operations on Pyspark dataframes. Once defined it can be re-used with multiple dataframes. It can also be used as an alternative of for-loops for faster performance.
Why is UDF Needed?
UDF can be used to perform data transformation operations which are not already present in Pyspark built-in functionality. For instance, we have a column with string values and we need to create a new column with string values reversed. There is no built-in function to perform this operation and we need to write a custom function. UDF can be used as an…
Amit Soni
Business Analytics and Data Science Enthusiast
Get the Medium app


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Merriam Webster defines curb weight as:
the weight of an automobile with standard equipment and fuel, oil, and coolant
Why is this weight called a vehicle's curb weight?
share|improve this question
This is given in the sense of "parked at the curb" (i.e., with no passengers or luggage, etc.). See curb weight. – Robusto Jan 9 '13 at 16:07
It's a bit like the street value of drugs :) – coleopterist Jan 9 '13 at 16:09
I agree with Robusto. Dry weight, unladen weight and tare weight are used too. – user32480 Jan 9 '13 at 17:05
2 Answers 2
up vote 4 down vote accepted
Definition and etymology
Curb weight (US) or kerb weight (UK) is the weight of a car parked at the kerb with standard equipment, oil, water, coolant, petrol but without passengers or goods. Some definitions say a full tank of petrol, but some just say some petrol. It comes from the idea of a car parked by the kerb and ready to go, but waiting for passengers and extra luggage.
The earliest example in the OED is of the UK spelling in 1958, but Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary (2004) dates the US spelling to 1949 but I found examples in the early 1930s (and possibly in the late 1920s).
This is a snippet of Society of Automotive Engineers Transactions (1929), so the date could be wrong (but it looks ok). It contrasts "Curb weight, sedan" with a heavier "Weight, with driver and observer":
Curb weight, sedan 3300 lb.
Ignoring snippets, the first verifiable examples are from almost identical adverts in the April 1933 editions of Popular Science and Popular Mechanics:
The Pontiac Economy Straight Eight has a wheelbase of 1 1 5 inches; the curb weight (4-door Sedan) is 3265 pounds.Pontiac's 115' wheelbase and 4-door Sedan curb weight of 3265 pounds assure real big car riding comfort.
share|improve this answer
It's the weight of the vehicle, parked at the side of the road (at the curb), ready to go, but without any passengers or cargo.
share|improve this answer
I'm curious how the car got to the curb without fuel, oil, and coolant. :) – Luke Jan 9 '13 at 16:55
Curb weight includes those things. Compare "dry weight". – Alex Feinman Jan 9 '13 at 16:56
_USER_ Hah! You're right - I read the definition wrong. Then this does make sense. – Luke Jan 9 '13 at 16:57
Your Answer


text:
Blitz3D Docs -> 2D - Category -> File -> OpenFile
Parameters:filename$ = any valid path and filename. The returned value is the filehandle which is used by other file handling commands.
Description:This command opens the designated file and prepares it to be updated. The file must exists since this function will not create a new file.
By using FilePos and SeekFile the position within the file that is being read or written can be determined and also changed. This allows a file to be read and updated without having to make a new copy of the file or working through the whole file sequentially. This could be useful if you have created a database file and you want to find and update just a few records within it.
The file handle that is returned is an integer value that the operating system uses to identify which file is to be read and written to and must be passed to the functions such as ReadInt() and WriteInt().
Note extreme care needs to be exercised when updating files that contain strings since these are not fixed in length.
See also: ReadFile, WriteFile, CloseFile, SeekFile.
; Changing part of a file using OpenFile, SeekFile and WriteInt ; Open/create a file to Write fileout = WriteFile("mydata.dat") ; Write the information to the file WriteInt( fileout, 1 ) WriteInt( fileout, 2 ) WriteInt( fileout, 3 ) WriteInt( fileout, 4 ) WriteInt( fileout, 5 ) ; Close the file CloseFile( fileout ) DisplayFile( "The file as originally written", "mydata.dat" ) ; Open the file and change the Third Integer file = OpenFile("mydata.dat") SeekFile( file, 8 ) ; Move to the third integer in the file WriteInt( file, 9999 ) ; Replace the original value with 9999 CloseFile( file ) DisplayFile( "The file after being midified", "mydata.dat" ) WaitKey() ; **** Function Definitions follow **** ; Read the file and print it Function DisplayFile( Tittle$, Filename$ ) Print tittle$ filein = ReadFile( Filename$ ) While Not Eof( filein ) Number = ReadInt( filein ) Print Number Wend CloseFile( filein ) Print End Function
| On OpenFile, it's very important to realize that it opens a file in as well read, as write mode. Therefore it will not work (and thus return 0) when you use it on files from a read-only environment (like CD-ROMS for example).|
If you are going to write a CD-ROM game, then your installer will require to install all files you are about to open with the OpenFile command on your harddrive. All files that are read by "ReadFile" or "LoadImage" or whatever, anything other than "OpenFile" should be loaded fine.
Blitz3D Manual Forum
BlitzPlus Equivalent Command


openvpn: TLS: tls_process: killed expiring key « 我爱DIY
openvpn: TLS: tls_process: killed expiring key
时间:12-10-24 栏目:技术 作者:liva 评论:0 点击: 11,118 次
In SSL/TLS mode, an SSL session is established with bidirectional authentication (i.e. each side of the connection must present its own certificate). If the SSL/TLS authentication succeeds, encryption/decryption and HMAC key source material is then randomly generated by OpenSSL's RAND_bytes function and exchanged over the SSL/TLS connection. Both sides of the connection contribute random source material. This mode never uses any key bidirectionally, so each peer has a distinct send HMAC, receive HMAC, packet encrypt, and packet decrypt key. If --key-method 2 is used, the actual keys are generated from the random source material using the TLS PRF function. If --key-method 1 is used, the keys are generated directly from the OpenSSL RAND_bytes function. --key-method 2 was introduced with OpenVPN 1.5.0 and will be made the default in OpenVPN 2.0.
During SSL/TLS rekeying, there is a transition-window parameter that permits overlap between old and new key usage, so there is no time pressure or latency bottleneck during SSL/TLS renegotiations.
OpenVPN uses asymmetric Public Key Encryption (the private key and certificates) to establish a session, and then negotiates a static key between hosts for tunnel encryption. This static key is used because symmetric encryption is much faster. By default, OpenVPN will renegotiate the static key every 60 minutes, although you can change the frequency by using the 3 –reneg-* options. When a renegotiation occurs you will see the message you described above in your logs.
However, the renegotiation doesn't cause OpenVPN to restart; data can still be sent during the negotiation process, and the old key is still valid for a default of 60 minutes and can be changed with the –tran-window option.
声明: 本文由( liva )原创编译，转载请保留链接: openvpn: TLS: tls_process: killed expiring key
openvpn: TLS: tls_process: killed expiring key：等您坐沙发呢！
© 2013 enjoydiy.com. Design by zijiao. 55 queries in 0.241 seconds, using 21.78MB memory