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Street food in Kolkata, India
In many cities, so-called "street foods" play a large and increasing role in nutrition. Because such foods are generally low-cost, easily accessible, and cater to traditional tastes, they tend to be of particular importance in poor or informal communities and in areas experiencing high urban migration. The street food system is particularly vulnerable to deficiencies in water management. This is reflected in the fact that street vendors often have diminished infrastructural access to clean water for drinking or hygiene when compared with fixed-location providers. Moreover, street vendors often lack basic education, and rarely have formal training in food hygiene (or at times basic personal hygiene).
A 1992-3 study in Kolkata, supported by the Food and Agriculture Organization, highlighted both positive and negative aspects of street foods, and led to the "Improving Street Foods in Calcutta" program. This study led to significant changes in the management of street vending in Kolkata. For example, it identified increased provision of safe potable water and continued upgrading of waste water collection and disposal systems as critical to improving health.
Quoted from: _URL_


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Rural Communities and Planning
The concept of community is complex. Starting, engaging, and stabilizing a community, including its buildings and people, requires a diverse skill set. Every community presents its own unique challenges and opportunities. Postgraduate degrees offered through the OAC allow students to critically examine communities and offer solutions to the issues they face using a broad range of theories and approaches.
- Capacity Development and Extension - MSc
- International Development Studies - MSc or MA*
- International Development Studies - PhD*
- Rural Planning and Development - MSc or MPLAN
- Rural Studies - PhD
Certificates and Continuing Education
*Collaborative interdepartmental programs within the University of Guelph.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


How Prairie Winds Affect Wood Trusses in Kansas
prairie winds in Kansas
Storm Clouds SaskatchewanKansas is notorious for its prairie winds. Engineers have always had to take these winds into account when designing structures across the state.
Prairie winds can be downright dangerous if you're working with the wrong building materials.
Every day, truss designers need to take a variety of factors into account when building for the prairie winds in Kansas. Here are some important things to know about how truss systems are affected by Kansas prairie winds:
Truss builders need to calculate wind pressures using two blended methods
There are two broad ways to calculate wind pressures: Main Wind Force Resisting System (MWFRS) and Components & Cladding (C&C).
MWFRS applies to a structural frame or an assembly of structural elements that work together to transfer wind loads to the ground.
C&C applies to components that directly receive wind loads – like wall coverings, roof coverings, fasteners, and girts. Components and Cladding are typically exposed to higher wind pressures than MWFRS elements.
Trusses fall into both categories. Thus, the industry-standard practice is to design the truss to handle both MWFRS loads and C&C loads.
Truss builders need to consult wind maps to identify correct wind speeds
Building codes typically require the use of a 90-mph wind speed for inland areas of the United States. However, you'll need to consult local wind maps and government building codes for region-specific information.
Experienced builders don't settle with just the 90-mph wind speed standard. Experienced builders increase the durability to handle wind speeds around 100 and 110 mph. With wood trusses in Kansas, increases wind speed durability is a major consideration. All trusses must be designed to withstand substantial wind, more than the average structure.
Building usage affects wind pressure calculations
Buildings fall into a number of different usage categories. Specifically, there are three broad categories of building usages:
-Category I: A building that will have a low hazard to human life if it fails
-Category II: A building that presents a substantial hazard to human life if it fails
-Category III and IV: Buildings that are critical facilities or present a substantial hazard to human life in the event of a failure.
Different building exposures affect truss design
Buildings located on empty, flat land are more affected by wind pressure than buildings surrounded by trees and other buildings.
Building codes classify these buildings in four different ways:
Exposure A: Buildings located in downtown areas or city centers.
Exposure B: Urban and suburban buildings that are surrounded by similar-sized buildings and trees.
Exposure C: Buildings in an open area with scattered obstructions.
Exposure D: A building exposed to unobstructed wind for at least one mile over flat land.
Good truss builders take all of these factors into account
Ultimately, truss builders have a lot of responsibility. In Kansas, flat plains let wind travel unobstructed for hundreds of miles. Rural buildings and even many suburban buildings are rarely protected against substantial wind.
To take truss manufacturing to the next level, Timberlake TrussWorks builds wood trusses capable of withstanding strong winds. The key to a sound structure requires the builder to guarantee trusses are fastened tightly against the wall. This is accomplished by installing TimberLOK Screws, which we happily provide.
These screws are hurricane ties – able to withstand the brunt force of harsh winds caused by severe storms. TimberLOK Screws keep trusses and roofs stable and secure during harsh weather conditions experienced on the plains of Kansas.
If you're shopping for wood trusses in Kansas, then you can't settle for average. Kansas's prairie winds chew up average wood trusses and quickly reduce the lifespan of structures. If you're looking for wood trusses in Kansas that offer a higher level of quality and longer-lasting support, then order from Timberlake TrussWorks today.
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Optimization of Corrosion Resistance and Machinability of PM 316L Stainless Steel
Austenitic stainless steels offer significantly superior corrosion resistance, when compared to ferritic and martensitic stainless steels. Austenitic stainless steels are however difficult to machine. Austenitic alloy 303L is formulated with a small sulfur addition, which leads to the formation of MnS precipitates in the matrix. Presence of MnS in the alloy does lead to improved machinability. Alternately, it is possible to add a machinability enhancing additive, such as MnS or MoS2 to a standard grade of stainless steel in the powder form in order to improve its machinability. Unfortunately, the presence of a sulfide in an austenitic stainless steel significantly lowers its corrosion resistance. Hence, neither of these options makes it possible to combine good corrosion resistance with good machinability. This study evaluates a sulfur free additive for enhancing machinability of PM 316L, along with its effect on the corrosion resistance of the alloy. Two currently popular additives, namely MnSE and MoS2, are also included in the study for comparison. The new additive is found to offer enhanced machinability without any adverse effect on the alloy's corrosion resistance. All sintering was carried out under conditions that maximize corrosion resistance. Machinability was determined by drilling.


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accelerated light exposure的用法和样例：
- Operating relative humidity during light exposure (if measured).
- Green laser light exposure was given 72 hours after HPD injection.
- You are great, do not need as light exposure, insufferably arrogant.
- There seems to be interplay between an individual's innate vulnerability and her degree of light exposure.
- You can also rotate the containers so each side of your plant gets enough light exposure.


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The first major construction project for the Air and Space Museum will start this summer.
- This is the first major construction project for the building in Southwest Washington, DC, since its opening 41 years ago.
- Visitors will start seeing changes to the museum in summer 2018.
- The museum will remain open through the project by dividing the construction into two major phases.
- The project is scheduled to take seven years.
- All 23 galleries and presentation spaces will be transformed.
- The museum is raising $250 million through private donations to fund the future galleries.
- The project also includes the complete re-facing of the exterior stone, replacement of outdated mechanical systems, and other improvements supported by federal funding.
By the numbers:
- 13,000: stone slabs replaced
- 23: new galleries or presentation spaces
- $250 million: fundraising goal
- 1,441: newly displayed artifacts
- 7: years scheduled for completion
- 0: days closed for construction
The museum has released artist renderings highlighting the exciting changes to come. These renderings represent the first nine galleries scheduled for renovation. New galleries will be organized by theme, helping you find your favorite stories and make connections across eras.
All information and images courtesy of the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum.


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The letters at the end of a number sequence in HP cartridges signify the cartridge's ink volume. Many HP cartridges, as well as some other manufacturers, have a long sku, a short part number and, sometimes, even an alternative part number. For example, HP's #56 cartridge is also known as the 56A C6656, C6656A and C6656AN. These are all the same product and have the same ink volume, but are displayed using various shortened versions of the full part number, which is C6656AN. Most HP cartridges are available with different ink volumes. HP cartridges with different ink volumes are identified by a different letter at the end of the number sequence. For example, HP cartridge 51645G and 51645A are identical cartridges, but have different ink volumes. The "G" is the free starter cartridge that comes with a printer and the "A" is the regular high volume cartridge that is sold in stores. When our house-brand cartridges are manufactured, they are always filled completely. So, regardless of the letter at the end of the HP part number, or the letter at the end of the HP cartridge that you normally order, you will always get a cartridge with a high-ink volume from LD.
Articles in this section
- Why is my new ink cartridge not printing?
- How can I get dried ink out of my inkjet print head so I can continue to print?
- Why am I getting an error message when I install my new cartridge?
- Why does it say my cartridge is empty when I install it?
- Is it normal for my cartridge to read low or empty?
- Why does the cartridge I received look bigger than the one that's already in my printer?
- Will my warranty be voided if I refill my cartridges?
- Why don't you carry Epson refill kits?
- Does the letter at the end of the HP inkjet cartridge part number matter?
- Some cartridges come in big sets for example, 4 black and 2 of each color. Can the cartridges be mixed around within the set so that we can get more of one color than others?


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Definitions for huddler
Random House Webster's College Dictionary
hud•dleˈhʌd l(v.; n.)-dled, -dling
(v.i.)to gather or crowd together in a close mass:
They huddled around the stove to get warm.
to crouch, curl up, or draw oneself together.
to confer or consult.
(v.t.)to heap or crowd together closely.
to draw (oneself) closely together, as in crouching; nestle (often fol. by up).
to put on (clothes) with careless haste (often fol. by on).
(n.)a closely gathered group, mass, or heap.
a close gathering of football players behind the scrimmage line to hear instructions for the next play.
a conference, esp. a private one about a serious matter.
Origin of huddle:
1570–80; hud- (weak grade of root found in hide1) + -le
a member of a huddle
a person who crouches
"low huddlers against the wind"
One who huddles.
one who huddles things together

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Estimation of pollutant fluxes through river systems calls for accurate and precise load estimation. However, considerable uncertainty is associated with these estimates due to diffuse loading, which sets high requirements not only on sampling frequencies but also on calculation methods. The aim was to examine the variation in load calculations and the reliability of the load estimates of total phosphorus, total nitrogen and suspended solids in 24 Baltic rivers varying in size and land-use characteristics. Reliability of the load estimates was tested by simulation experiments in the river Paimionjoki using a Monte Carlo procedure.
The estimates calculated by the most reliable method were compared to the loads estimated by five other methods. The general reliability (RMSE) for P and SS was best by the correlation method and for N by the periodic method. Load calculations varied greatly depending both on the characteristics of the rivers and the calculation method. The flow-stratified method overestimated the P and SS loads by about 20% in large low-lake rivers. In small low-lake rivers, the overestimation was 10% and over 14% for P and SS, respectively. By contrast, the averaging method underestimated P and SS loads by 10% and 21% in small agricultural low-lake rivers. All the methods produced rather similar results for N in each of the river types.


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DEVELOPMENT OF INSPECTION SYSTEM FOR CORROSION CRACK IN R.C. FOR SECOND TUNNEL LINING BY USING KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEM
- 1 Southwest Jiaotong University, China
Copyright: © 2020 Yousif Abdulwahid Mansoor and ZhiQiang Zhang. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
During the last two or three decades, incidence of failure of reinforced concrete structures has been seen widely for many reasons, such as increasing service loads and/or durability problems and the economic losses due to such failures are costly. Nowadays, the size and the form of repair and rehabilitation market are too large since there has been an increased emphasis on repair and retrofitting of defected structures over demolition and new construction. For safety in concrete tunnel, periodic inspection has been conducted using many testing technologies and techniques. However, these technologies cannot replace visual inspection because of their slow and complicated procedures. For this reason, the Knowledge-Based Systems (KBS) are used with lab tests results to diagnose R.C tunnel lining corrosion crack damage (DICRCTL). In this study, we attempt to propose an alternative to the human expert, to give technical decisions in diagnosing corrosion crack damages in second segment of R.C. tunnel lining. To overcome this requirement, an expert system is developed to achieve the research aim. This proposed system was constructed on a knowledge base that incorporates with the gathered information, tests in the form of rules which is suitable to implement in an expert system environment to diagnostic advisory nature. The proposed application results show an easy, fast and satisfactory answer to engineering needs.
- 1,260 Views
- 8,156 Downloads
- 3 Citations
- Knowledge Base System
- R.C Tunnel Lining Crack Damage


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Magnoliaceae species are considered as an original angiosperm, which has had extensive distribution in the Earth history. It had acted as an important role to origin of angiosperm; and some of species of Magnoliaceae grow quickly and have great development potential to timber, planting in the cities and towns as a greening tree, making into medicine and fragrances. Owing to the forests of different region become more and more severely destroyed and fragmentized, making many Magnoliaceae species falling into threatened condition therefore, how to conserve and explore Magnoliaceae species attract people's attention. In this paper, by the GIS measure, we researched the Magnoliaceae species geographical distribution of Guangdong province China, and discussed the relation between Magnoliaceae species geographical distribution, analyzed the characteristic of different Magnoliaceae species. Based on this research, some protection measure are offered in this paper.
Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2005. IGARSS '05. Proceedings. 2005 IEEE International (Volume:1 )
Date of Conference: 25-29 July 2005


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Drawing of Digging Stick and Stone Weights
The Khoikhoi were semi-nomadic pastoralists (herders of sheep and cattle), who hunted game and gathered edible plants, nuts, roots, berries, and honey to supplement their diets. There was a division of labor between men and women: men hunted and tended the cattle while women looked after small stock and gathered food in the surrounding countryside. One of the implements used by women was the digging stick weighted with stones. Although the implement may appear primitive, consider what went into making it and how practical it was in its environment for its intended uses.
Ratzel, Friedrich. Drawing of digging stick and stone weights. Völkerkunde. Volume 1 (Leipzig and Vienna, 1894).


Difference Between Similar Terms and Objects
Difference Between Appendix and Annex
appendixAre you planning to publish a project? Well it's pretty normal if you happen to get confused between are you supposed to add an appendix or an annex at the end of the project. Reading through this article would be a good idea if you're looking to clear out the differences between the two and make sure that your project is free from unwanted mistakes.
An annex is essentially part of the main text but is placed at the end separately so as to make the whole document clearer; whereas an appendix is essentially additional text which full fills the purpose of supplementing the main text. In a way one could say an annex can also be called an appendix but the same is not true for appendix.
An appendix basically contains data that cannot be placed in the main text. It is referenced in different parts of the main body and ideally should not be a stand alone document. A trick to remember this is that one is appending data to a document the aim of doing this is adding greater details and visual examples that would help in better understanding of the main text.
Annex basically could be considered a completely different document altogether very often called a stand alone document which could not be added to the original document but still holds great importance to the overall publication and thus it is important that it still is added. In general, for policy matters, the appendices are usually assumed to have been written by the original author of the document. The annexes, on the other hand, are usually assumed to have been written by an external party. When writing your project it is very important the information about the various sources that you have used while making the project whether you have copied it or modified it and then added it to the document. Also make sure you have proper copyright permissions.
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 1. it will be well understood if it is provided with some examples. theory is good but giving example will definitely help to understand and remeber for a long term.
 - I would think for example, a dissertation I am writing about a UN Summit….
 I will place the Declaration of Principles from the Summit in the Annex…this is a standalone document that under no circumstances would I place in the text…BUT it is highly relevant to the entire dissertation as a document — also, it wasn't written by me but by the Summit delegates…so I think then would go into an Annex…
 In the Appendix, I would maybe put something in that I wanted to clarify, maybe some more details of the theory behind the "conceptual framework" that I chose to use in order to analyze this Summit. Some people when they use formulas and stuff, will explain the details of how the formulas work in an Appendix…
 Additionally, sometimes raw data like a interview transcript would be in the Appendix if you are referring to an interview you conducted in the text, and want to show the quote in context, or refer the reader there for more details….
 I think these might be good examples…and from what I can tell this would be right…
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Galileo Research Fact Sheet #96: Is muscle activity during Galileo Training related to different postures?
This study investigates the immediate effects of Galileo Training using different postures (hip tilted anterior/neutral/posterior) on the activation (EMG) of different muscle groups (from calf to neck).
The measurement was done by EMG signals where the frequency range of 50 to 300Hz was analyzed. The individuals stood in almost upright position with slightly flexed knees and EMG signals where recoded over a period of 10 seconds.
The results showed a significant increase of muscle activation at all postures. Nevertheless, the effects strongly depend on the used posture and frequency with increases of up to 2250% (a 100% value was defined as EMG activation at identical posture but without vibration).
This study proves what everyone can feel while on the Galileo when tilting the hip. However, it most probably even underestimates the increases due to Galileo Training since Ritzmann (_TAG_) showed that frequencies up to 30% and increasing amplitudes (pos. 3) can increase EMG even more. Furthermore Ritzmann also showed that the elimination of the training frequency (in this case 10 and 20Hz) is not advisable since every movement of the platform causes a stretch-reflex and therefore a significant signal component at the training frequency. Therefore, it can be expected that using higher frequencies, amplitudes and changing the posture even more to focus the Galileo effects on specific muscle groups as well as optimizing the analysis algorithms would most likely increase the measured muscle activation even more.
Common - Muscle Activation (EMG)
Product groups: Galileo used devices, Galileo® Training Devices


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The center square of Lili'uokalani's quilt includes the embroidered words "Imprisoned at Iolani Palace... We began the quilt here..." The words begin a political statement on events that led to the queen's imprisonment.
Set in a Plexiglas case in Queen Lili'uokalani's "prison" room in the makai-Diamond Head second-floor corner of Iolani Palace is one of the most significant pieces in Hawaiian history, and, perhaps, the most emotionally appealing.
The piece, done in the
crazy quilt style, documents
By Tim Ryan
The patchwork crazy quilt known as the Queen's Quilt -- created in the fashion of its era -- is a 97-by-95-inch, nine-panel cover that documents Lili'uokalani's 10 months as a prisoner at Iolani Palace in 1895.
Although the palace tour allows visitors to view the quilt, a quick glance doesn't provide enough time to grasp its rich history.
The Friends of Iolani Palace hope to change that with the eventual publishing of a manuscript written by historians Rhoda Hacker and Loretta Woodard, containing color photos of the quilt and individual patches. But first, the Friends need to raise $15,000 for printing costs. The organization is nearly halfway there with a $7,000 donation from Agnes Conrad, the book's fact-checker.
The authors say the quilt was sewn by Lili'uokalani and her companions during her palace imprisonment. According to the authors, the Queen's Quilt demonstrates "all the best features" of the crazy quilt style: a nine-block format with center medallion separated by sashing and bound by a narrow border that "brings order and repose to the business of the kaleidoscopic color and randomly pieced irregular shapes within the individual blocks."
The richly colored plain, printed and brocaded silks and ribbons incorporated into the quilt are believed to be from the queen's wardrobe and that of her retainers. Appliquéd to a muslin backing, every seam is "exquisitely" embroidered in "crazy stitches," the authors said, continuing to describe the work done "in multicolored silk threads and further embellished with ink, painting and a profusion of embroidered flora and fauna."
Some of the items stitched on the quilt include a silk brocade figure of the mythical phoenix, a bird said to represent good fortune; an embroidered pocket watch with Roman numerals; a helmet of the Queen's guard uniform; and a pueo, or owl.
PALACE OFFICIALS decline to estimate the value of the quilt. The piece "is priceless, certainly its historical value," said Deborah Dunne, palace executive director.
Don Severson, owner of Hawaiian Antiquities, agrees with Dunne.
"But on the open market at auction, all it takes is two people who want it and not want another person to own it," Severson said. "Under certain circumstances, the queen's quilt might sell for $100,000 or more."
He cited a recent auction in which an 1800s vintage koa chest that he appraised at $10,000 to $15,000 sold for $35,000 after two parties got into a bidding war.
"That doesn't mean the chest is worth $35,000," Severson said. "If I had that chest in my store priced that much, it just wouldn't sell."
Within the quilt's center patches, believed to have been created by Lili'uokalani, are stitched messages documenting the most significant events of her life: "Imprisoned at Iolani Palace... We began the quilt here"; and "Queen's Garden" and "Oct. 11, 1894," the date the garden was planted in Pauoa Valley by her supporters.
The authors believe the message embroidered in the center block shows the quilt began as a needlework piece, becoming, after her imprisonment, "a fervent political statement" by the time was quilt was completed.
Surrounding the Kalakaua coat of arms and framed by pairs of crossed Hawaiian flags, the center block outlines the sequence of events that changed the course of Hawaiian history, including the stitched date the Provisional Government was put in place, when Lili'uokalani was forced to step down, and the date of the aborted Wilcox revolution that precipitated the queen's arrest.
Names appear in some blocks, including the Wilson-Townsend family members, close supporters of the queen, as well as names of supporters and friends. There are also commemorative and patriotic ribbons and badges, which the authors say further shows the decorative quilt served "a larger purpose as a political document."
The frail quilt is made of silk and cotton, polychrome silk embroidery threads, polychrome paint and silk-screened commemorative ribbons and hat bands, with printed cotton muslin interlining.
Embroidered dates indicate the quilt was completed after Lili'uokalani's release in September 1895.
Lili'uokalani died of a stroke in 1917 in Honolulu at the age of 79. After the queen's death, the quilt was eventually came into the possession of Harriet Beamer Magoon, longtime secretary to Honolulu Mayor John Henry Wilson. In 1978, an anonymous donor gave the quilt to the Friends of Iolani Palace.
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Garage door openers
While cleaning my garage, I found a garage-door opener that I had replaced several years ago and naturally saved it thinking that someday I would try to figure out why it stopped working. So I started wondering about the history of garage-door openers. Who was the ingenious person who figured that out? We are all spoiled by this convenience, but it sure is nice.
The garage door follows the history of the automobile. Early on there were parking garages not at the house, or a carriage house was used. But folks did not want to walk to the parking garage or put their brand new automobile in with their horses. As a result a building similar to the carriage house was built to house their new cars. The name garage comes from the French word "garer" which means to shelter or protect. Naturally these buildings needed doors, so they were originally built like barn doors and strap hinges were used for the doors and opened outward. The disadvantage of this type of door was that they were difficult to open. Also, after a snowstorm, the snow had to be shoveled out of the way first. A better way was needed.
In 1921, C. G. Johnson invented the first overhead door. This door could be lifted upward, folding parallel to the garage ceiling. Five years later, in 1926, Mr. Johnson also invented the electric automatic garage-door opener.
The first garage doors that I remember were very heavy wooden doors that required heavy counter-balance. As time went along, lighter materials were used. Our garage has doors of translucent fiberglass. The doors are very light and were installed almost 40 years ago.
Now most of the doors are better insulated to keep the garage warmer, and we have remote control so the door can be opened from the comfort of our home or car. They also have more safety features. Just be sure the electric eye is not hindered by a leaf or cobweb to make the door go back up. That has happened to us a few times.


text: The Eagle Ford shale play is located in South Texas. It is approximately 50 miles wide and 400 miles long, running from the US-Mexico border north of Laredo extending for hundred miles to just north of Houston. It is located directly below the Austin Chalk. The formation is best known for producing variable amounts of dry gas, wet gas, NGLs, condensate and oil. The average thickness of the Eagle Ford shale is about 475 feet and it produces from various depths between 4,000 and 14,000 feet.


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Fatty food imports, such as mutton flaps and turkey tails – waste products from affluent countries – are a cause of obesity in the Pacific and have been criticised in the NZ Medical Journal.
Report – By Rose Rees-Owen
Alma Hayes returned from her two-week holiday in Samoa, refreshed and rejuvenated. She talks of beautiful sunsets on tranquil beaches and delicious and fresh produce.
"You can't get much fresher than going out to the banana tree and whacking off a bunch for breakfast," she says. However, Hayes stayed in fales with breakfast and dinner included.
There is a paradox between what tourists such as Hayes experience and what many local Samoans eat – supermarkets and markets in Samoa frequently sell imported fatty, mutton flaps, turkey tails and unsafe to eat eggs.
An article titled "New Zealand's impact on health in the South Pacific: Scope for improvement?" in the New Zealand Medical Journal has warned "excess consumption of imported food, especially imported fatty meats, has a causative relationship with endemic obesity in the Pacific".
According to Islands Business, the most relevant survey on obesity in Samoa was done by STEP in 2002, and claims that 85.2 percent of the population in Samoa is obese.
The magazine also cites figures saying that 81.1 percent of men are obese or overweight and 89.8 percent of women are obese or overweight.
Critics condemn "clean, green" New Zealand for contributing to these statistics.
Mutton flaps are fatty scraps of sheep meat. They contain 27.4 gm of fat per 100 gm and New Zealand is a major exporter.
The Medical Journal article says: "From July 2006 to July 2007, NZ$73 million of sheep meat was exported to the Pacific Islands, constituting New Zealand's largest export good to the Pacific."
Co-author of the article in the NZ Medical Journal and associate public health professor at the University of Otago, Dr Nick Wilson, wrote: "I think it is really disgraceful for a wealthy country like New Zealand to export such unhealthy food.
"What is the point of giving Pacific countries development assistance on one hand – and then spreading heart disease epidemics via our hazardous exports on the other."
Another fatty meat regularly sold in Samoa is turkey tails.
They are imported from the United States of America and contain an even higher fat content than mutton flaps.
"Turkey tails top the fat content chart with 32 grams of fat per 100 grams," reports Islands Business.
Jason Garman, media and communications adviser for Oxfam New Zealand, says turkey tails have poor nutritional values.
"They are the fattiest part of the turkey. Most Americans don't even know they exist and wouldn't consider eating them."
So why are Samoans and the wider Pacific allowing these nutrition imports?
Dr Roman Grynberg, a Pacific authority on trade, says the reason is simple – many Pacific Islanders are poor "and these foods are cheap".
"Local healthy foods such as fresh fish, vegetables and root crops are much more expensive," he says.
Edwin Tamasese, a domestic egg farmer in Samoa, is saddened by the quality of eggs imported from the US.
Since March, imported eggs have been forced to put a use-by-date on their products but Tamasese laments that this has not changed much for domestic egg farmers.
"Importers are putting a 60-day sell by date on the cartons instead of the 30-day sell by date that California uses."
This means that when eggs are close to expiring in California, the US can dump them on Samoa, and recover some of their losses.
The major health risk due to the eggs being in the market place for 30 extra days is the presence of Salmonella enteritidus in American poultry.
"With the increased selling time there is a much higher probability of deadly bacteria within the eggs," says Tamasese.
The cheap, imported eggs have intruded heavily on the business of domestic egg farmers.
Tamasese says that the imported eggs have created an "uneven playing field".
The imbalance is responsible for the closure of 13 out of 15 farms on the island, and the remaining two are under severe pressure.
"Domestic producers now only supply approximately 10 – 15 per cent of the market," says Tamasese.
Documentary on diet
Mark Dolan's controversial documentary, The World's Fattest Families and Me, was broadcast recently.
Dolan journeyed to Tonga where he met Towa, 222 kg, and his daughter Sia, 133kg.
The documentary touched many when Dolan took Sia to the supermarket, and showed Sia the nutritional value in the fatty mutton flaps.
He told Sia New Zealanders did not eat this.
"This is the bit that they throw away," he said. Sia broke down in tears.
The documentary exposed that there are no food export regulations in place.
Sue Kedgely, Green Party MP and spokesperson for food, health and wellbeing, said: "New Zealand has a hands-off free trade approach to trade, and government seems to stand back and allow exporters to more or less do what they want."
Commercial interests take priority over the health of poor nations, such as Samoa.
"Trade is not neutral, it can have devastating effects on nations but trade occurs in a context where poverty in our region is endemic and power is used by our neighbours to further their own commercial interests," says Dr Grynberg.
Dr Grynberg also comments that mutton flaps would be processed into pet food in New Zealand, and by exporting the flaps cheap to the Pacific, suppliers can sell their product at a higher price to humans.
Nick Braxton, advocacy and research coordinator of Oxfam New Zealand, says the Samoan government is trying to ban turkey tails from being imported because of their poor nutritional value.
But because turkey tails are a waste product in the United States, and are generating profit, the US is opposing the ban.
The NZ Medical Journal says that Fiji banned mutton flap imports in 2000 and New Zealand responded by threatening to refer the issue to the World Trade Organisation because it goes against the policy of free trade between the two nations.
However, the threat was later dropped and the ban stands.
Dr Grynberg believes that it is an issue of giving the masses what they want, and that is the reason why the government has not taken action.
"Any Pacific Islands government that heavily taxes these products or bans them will suffer the ire of the working poor at the elections and so the issue is largely avoided." Dr Grynberg said.
Rose Rees-Owen is a Postgraduate Diploma in Communication Studies student on the Asia-Pacific Journalism course at AUT University.


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Objective: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment of severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA), yet drug discontinuation is common. The aim of this study was to compare treatment retention rates and specific causes of anti-TNF discontinuation in a population-based RA cohort.
Methods: All patients treated with etanercept, infliximab, or adalimumab within the Swiss Clinical Quality Management RA cohort between 1997 and 2006 were included in the study. Causes of treatment discontinuation were broadly categorized as adverse events (AEs) or nontoxic causes, and further subdivided into specific categories. Specific causes of treatment interruption were analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards model and adjusted for potential confounders.
Results: A total of 2,364 anti-TNF treatment courses met the inclusion criteria. Treatment discontinuation was reported 803 times: 309 with etanercept, 249 with infliximab, and 245 with adalimumab. Drug inefficacy represented the largest single cause of treatment discontinuation (55.8% of cases). The median time of receiving anti-TNF therapy was 37 months, but discontinuation rates differed between the 3 anti-TNF agents (P < 0.001), with shorter retention rates for infliximab (hazard ratio [HR] 1.24, 99% confidence interval [99% CI] 1.01-1.51). The specific causes of treatment discontinuation revealed an increased risk of AEs with infliximab (HR 1.4, 99% CI 1.003-1.96), mostly due to an increased risk of infusion or allergic reactions (HR 2.11, 99% CI 1.23-3.62). Other discontinuation causes were equally distributed between the anti-TNF agents.
Conclusion: In this population, infliximab was associated with higher overall discontinuation rates compared with etanercept and adalimumab, which is mainly due to an increased risk of infusion or allergic reactions.


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Darren Pauli writes:
Up to 80 percent of certain anonymous underground forum users can be identified using linguistics, researchers say.
The techniques compare user posts to track them across forums and could even unveil authors of thesis papers or blogs who had taken to underground networks.
"If our dataset contains 100 users we can at least identify 80 of them," researcher Sadia Afroz told an audience at the 29C3 Chaos Communication Congress in Germany.
"Function words are very specific to the writer. Even if you are writing a thesis, you'll probably use the same function words in chat messages.
"Even if your text is not clean, your writing style can give you away."
The analysis techniques could also reveal botnet owners, malware tool authors and provide insight into the size and scope of underground markets, making the research appealing to law enforcement.


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Discovery of retrograde and inverted themes for indexing musical scores
This paper describes extensions to a musical score indexing program that enable it to discover sequences of notes that appear in retrograde and/or inverted form. The program was tested over a set of 50 orchestral movements by several composers of the Baroque, Classical, and Romantic periods. The retrograde and inversion discovery algorithm added an average of 3.76 patterns per movement to the index, increasing the number of notes in the index by 6.5%, and the number of entries by 8.2%. Among the patterns added to the index were variations of 3 themes in retrograde, 5 themes in inversion, and 3 themes in retrograde inversion.
Indexing, Music information retrieval, Theme discovery
Ren, Xiaona, Lloyd A. Smith, and Richard A. Medina. "Discovery of retrograde and inverted themes for indexing musical scores." In Proceedings of the 2004 Joint ACM/IEEE Conference on Digital Libraries, 2004., pp. 252-253. IEEE, 2004.
Proceedings of the ACM IEEE International Conference on Digital Libraries, JCDL 2004


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Grant Manager - Global Grants and Charitable Donations
The Grant Manager is responsible for executing healthcare related grant and charitable donation plans within the United States, Puerto Rico and globally. The Grant Manager exhibits a strong knowledge of grant making best practices, educational gaps in assigned therapeutic areas and participates in strategy development with Senior Managers. Additionally, the Grant Manager will lead cross-departmental projects designed to improve the effectiveness, efficiency or compliance of grant strategy execution.
Key Responsibilities Include:
- Conduct and evaluating needs assessments, determining clinical/education gaps, determining learning objectives, completing compliance evaluations, managing grant spending against budget, and building and evaluating outcomes measurement reports.
- Assist in the development and implementation of grant and donation strategic plans.
- Review Medical Education (ME) and Non-Medical Education (NME) grants and Charitable Donations (CD). Ensure that requests align with applicable strategy, clinical and scientific principles and policy, laws/regulations, outcome measurements, adult learning principles and other relevant criteria.
- Analyze financial reports (e.g. budget, Plan, LBE), and activity outcomes and impacts.
- Attend supported programs to audit, monitor, or assess educational value on a periodic basis.
- Demonstrate in depth knowledge of all systems used in the grant management process, and contribute to system updates/upgrades.
- Keep abreast of best practices in grant processing and continually improve the quality and efficiency of grant review and approval.
- Abide by internal policies and procedures as well as external and local guidelines to ensure compliance with local laws and regulations.
- Demonstrate subject matter expertise through development and maintenance of departmental policies, procedures, training material, work instructions, audit documents, checklists, etc. Develop and deliver training to colleagues in related to grant review policies and best practices.
- Interact with requestors while demonstrating strong customer service during grant submission assessment and approval or denial. Proactively resolve issues that arise throughout process.
- Actively contribute to department mission by sharing recommendations/solutions for key business issues, and serve as key resource for interpretation of policies, procedures, and strategic grant and donation plans.
- Develop and maintain an effective network of relationships across internal and external customers and functional support teams.
- Manages assigned projects and ensures timely completion of deliverables as per plan.
- Collaborate with key stakeholders, and effectively manage conflict and competing priorities.
- Demonstrate the ability to prioritize and multitask to enhance productivity and manage workload in an appropriate manner.
- Seek to achieve Certification of CME Professional (CCMEP) by completing a minimum of three qualifying points per year and passing exam once meeting minimum exam requirements.
- Reports to the Senior Manager, Global Grants and Charitable Donations.
- Provides project leadership across department.
- Supervises tasks performed by Grant Analysts.
- Bachelor of Arts/Bachelor of Science required.
- 4 years of health care experience working in medical education, grants, medical affairs, legal and/or compliance departments.
- Attention to detail and ability to critically and strategically evaluate submitted grants.
- Excellent verbal and written communication skills, demonstrated creative problem solving skills to maximize productivity and resolve complex issues.
- Manage multi-faceted projects, while working in a cross functional environment and demonstrating a positive professional presence.
- Health Care Professional or Master's degree.
- Understanding of adult learning principles.
- Certification of CME Professional (CCMEP).
- Knowledge of pharmaceutical industry, Medical Education, applicable regulations, and health care/medical terms.
Equal Opportunity Employer Minorities/Women/Veterans/Disabled


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Count to 100
- App Store Info
DescriptionDoes your child need to learn how to count to 100? Have they ever asked you, "Mommy, how do you count to 100?" Instead of counting to 100 over and over again (yourself), give your child this app!
Teach your child how to count to 100 with this app. They can count to 100 by 1, 2, 3, 5 and 10. They can count up or down and can adjust the counting speed.
Have your child practice counting with this app. This is the simplest way for your child to practice counting from 1 to 100.
P.S. This app can also be used as a timer for games or taking turns! Find creative ways to practice counting using this app in other ways.


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Course Category: Business Analysis
Course Duration: 3 Days
Hours: 21 PDUs (Professional Development Units)
This course is HRDF SBL Khas Approved
IREBs (International Requirements Engineering Board) Certified Professional for Requirements Engineering certification is a standardized qualification for requirements engineers and business analysts.
IREB's role is to support a single, universally accepted, international qualification scheme, aimed at requirements engineering for professionals, by providing the core syllabi and by setting guidelines for accreditation and examination.
IREB offers three qualifications on Requirements Engineering namely Foundation Level (CPRE-AL), Advanced Level (CPRE-AL) and Expert Level (CPRE-EL). Attaining each level certification is a mandatory requirement to graduate to the next level.
What is International Requirements Engineering Board (IREB)?
The CPRE Certification is earned through passing a multiple choice examination.
CPRF-FL comprises of basic knowledge of eliciting, analyzing, specifying, documenting, validating and managing requirements.
A person with a CPRE FL certificate is expected to:
- Be familiar with the terminology of requirements engineering, business analysis and requirements management.
- Understand the basic techniques and methods of requirements engineering and their application.
- Be familiar with the most established notations for requirements. There are more than 10000 professionals who have achieved the CPRE certification worldwide.
Why Certified Professional for Requirements Engineering (CPRE) Certification (FL)?
The International Requirements Engineering Board (IREB) is the sponsor of the international certification program entitled Certified Professional for Requirements Engineering (CPRE). The board maintains the syllabus, test contents and governs the associated processes and rules.
IREB was founded in October 2006 as a legal entity based in Germany.
More information on IREB can be viewed at _URL_
Benefits to the Employer
- Improved performance
- Attract and retain high calibre staff
- Formal training and qualification provided
The foundation level certification exam has no pre-requisites.
Who should attend
- Business and Systems Analysts
- Developers who need to specify requirements
- Team Leaders
- Project Managers
- Software Engineers &
- Software Managers
Training and Exam Duration
Training: 3 days
The course material shall be issued on the first day of the course during registration.
Exam: 75 minutes duration
45 multiple choice questions.
The questions are of differing difficulty and therefore assigned differing amounts of points. The exam is closed-book, i.e. no materials are allowed to be used. The candidate must achieve at least than 60% of the total score possible.
Result, Certificate & Recertification
The candidate will receive the exam results and the certificates from MSTB.
There is no requirement to maintain the certification or seek a recertification.
The credential certificate is valid for life.
- What are requirement?
- Evolution of requirements
- The four major activities of RE
- System, System Context and Boundaries
- Determining System and Context Boundaries
- Sources of Requirements
- Categorization of Requirements according to the Kano Model
- Elicitation Techniques
- Structuring Documents
- Documentation Style Alternatives
- Document Structure
- Using Requirements Documents
- Quality Criteria for Requirements Documents
- Quality Criteria for Requirements
- Language Effects
- Constructing Requirements using a Template
- Goal Models
- Use Case Models
- Three Modelling Views
- Structural Requirements Models
- Functional Requirements Models
Behavioural Requirements Models
- Basics for Checking Requirements
- Basics of Reconciling Conflicting Requirements
- Checking Requirements Quality
- Principles for Checking Requirements
- Techniques for Checking Requirements
- Techniques for Reconciling Conflicting Requirements
- Adding Attributes to Requirements
- Creating Views of Requirements
- Prioritizing Requirements
- Tracing Requirements
- Requirements Versioning
- Managing Change Requests
- Types of Tools
- Tool Introduction
- Tool Evaluation
Processworks is a Recognized Training Provider of International Requirements Engineering Board (IREB)
Processworks is an IIBA Endorsed Education Provider.


Grandfather clause
Grandfather clause,
Definition of Grandfather clause:
 1. A clause exempting certain classes of people or things from the requirements of a piece of legislation affecting their previous rights, privileges, or practices.
 2. Provision that exempts certain entities from the full impact of an agreement, rule, or statute on the basis of preexisting arrangements or practices. A firm, for example, may decide to raise its prices from a certain date but charge the old price to existing customers.
 3. The origin of the term refers to statutes put in place after the Civil War by seven Southern states in an attempt to block African Americans from voting while exempting white voters from taking literacy tests and paying poll taxes required to vote. In the statutes, white voters whose grandfathers had voted before the end of the Civil War were exempt from taking the tests and paying the taxes under the grandfather clause. The statute was deemed to be unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in 1915 because it violated equal voting rights, but the use of the term indicating rights prior to rule changes carries on.
 4. A grandfather clause is an exemption that allows persons or entities to continue with activities or operations that were approved before the implementation of new rules, regulations, or laws. Generally speaking, a grandfather clause only exempts people or entities engaged in specified activities before new rules being put in place, while all other parties must abide by the new rules. However, these clauses effectively place two sets of rules or regulations on otherwise similar businesses or circumstances, which can create unfair competitive advantages for grandfathered parties. In these situations, grandfather clauses may only be granted for a set period.
How to use Grandfather clause in a sentence?
 1. A grandfather clause is a provision that allows people or entities to follow old rules that once governed their activity instead of newly implemented ones, often for a limited time.
 2. Grandfather clauses can be permanent, temporary, or instituted with limits.
 3. The term originated during the US Civil War era and referred to statutes enacted in the South to suppress African American voting.
 4. Grandfather clauses often apply to zoning laws, when the purpose of a development changes.
Meaning of Grandfather clause & Grandfather clause Definition


You want to change the default paper size of your Cameyo Virtual Printer from LETTER to A4 (or vice versa)
The only known possibility is to change the region settings of your Windows server running Cameyo.
 1. Open your Windows Settings
 2. Goto Region
 3. Click Additional date, time, & regional settings
 4. Click Change date, time, or number formats
 5. Change tab to Administrative tab
 6. In Language for non-Unicode programs click Change system locale
 7. Change it to a region with the according paper format
 Most European countries = A4
 English (United States) = LETTER
Alternatively (to #1-4) you can open the regional settings running the following command (and continue with #5):
 control intl.cpl


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Pioneering research and development on the TruScreen system for real-time cervical tissue differentiation has involved close collaboration with leading clinicians and hospitals across the world.
TruScreen's development began in the late 1980s under the guidance of leading medical academics from Sydney University who sought to establish objective technology that could improve on the conventional Pap test. They believed that it should be possible to distinguish between normal and abnormal tissue by measuring changes in physical properties, such as electrical potential.
After almost 20 years in the R&D phase TruScreen was developed using the 'Opto Electrical' Technology for the detection of cancerous cells on cervix. TruScreen contains a sophisticated algorithm framework that has been developed in collaboration with the Australian Government's applied research division, CSIRO.
TruScreen has been honoured with a range of technology and engineering awards, such as the Australian Design Awards in 2002 for engineering design and a further award for software electronics design. TruScreen was also highlighted in the 2004 Australian Government publication 'Imagination – 100 Years of Bright Ideas in Australia'.
The TruScreen system has a strong range of patents across many countries for its real-time tissue classification from signal inputs using proprietary algorithms.


What does BUTO stand for?
What does BUTO mean? This page is about the various possible meanings of the acronym, abbreviation, shorthand or slang term: BUTO.
We've found a total of 1 definition for BUTO:
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What does BUTO mean?
Buto, Butus, or Butosus, now Tell al-Fara'in near the city of Desouk, was an ancient city located 95 km east of Alexandria in the Nile Delta of Egypt. The city stood on the Sebennytic arm of the Nile, near its mouth, and on the southern shore of the Butic Lake. It is the modern Kem Kasir. Buto originally was two cities, Pe and Dep, which merged into one city that the Egyptians named Per-Wadjet. The goddess Wadjet was its local goddess, often represented as a cobra, and she was considered the patron deity of Lower Egypt. Her oracle was located in her renowned temple in that city. An annual festival held in the city celebrated Wadjet. Her image formed the royal crown, the Uraeus, worn by the rulers of Lower Egypt. It encircled their heads and the cobra flare and head extended from their foreheads. Wadjet was closely associated in the Egyptian pantheon with Bast the fierce goddess depicted as a lioness warrior and protector, a sun goddess whose eye later became the eye of Horus or the eye of Ra, the Lady of Flame. The city also contained a sanctuary of Horus and much later, became associated with Isis.
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Know what is BUTO? Got another good explanation for BUTO? Don't keep it to yourself!
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Ask Marilyn: When You're Twice As Old As Your Child
Kelly Buch of Darien, Connecticut, writes:
Marilyn: I read the question regarding being twice as old as your child. (November 4, 2012) The question was, "There is only one time in your life when you're twice as old as your child. When is that?" Your response was, "When the child reaches the age you were when he or she was born." Actually, there are two different times in your life when you're are twice as old as your child, if you round to the year.
Here's an illustration: I was born the day before my mother's birthday. She was 28 then and turned 29 the next day. In four years, I will turn 28. On my birthday, my mom will be 56—twice as old as me. The next day, she will turn 57. When I turn 29 the following year, she will still be 57, turning 58 the next day—again twice my age. This will stay true until my next birthday. So there are two time periods during which my mom will be twice as old as I am.
Thank you, Kelly. Readers, it's correct that there's only one time when you're actually twice as old as your child—when the child reaches the exact age you were when he or she was born. But when you round to the year, it happens twice, as Kelly demonstrates. The two periods will always add up to about one year. (I say "about" to forestall getting letters about leap years!)


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Building on work undertaken during 2014 on information literacy in the workplace, InformAll has been raising awareness of information literacy in sectors where it has not been readily recognised as a defined set of attributes. There is a strong case for a dialogue to consider how interlocutors at the interface between higher education and employment might benefit from a further exploration of the relevance of information literacy to their policies and practices. InformAll, in association with CILIP and the CILIP IL Group, therefore organised a roundtable, on 19 March 2015, that brought together a range of interested parties. The event sought to:
- explore the relevance of information competencies and skills in the workplace;
- allow employers and other stakeholders with an interest in employment, professional development and lifelong learning to consider the relevance of such competencies and skills to their policies, strategies and practices;
- raise awareness of the important role library and information professionals play in this area.
Please find attached the programme for the event, the presentation slides that introduced it and some (unedited) notes from the discussion. These are rough and ready, but give a flavour of the breadth of issues that were covered; they also list a few practical suggestions.


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ADS-B data latency, means the time between aircraft onboard GPS catches its own position & other information and when this information is in final use, like on ATC display. For example, if the latency is 2 seconds, it means the aircraft position information you get is actually 2 seconds before.
Technically speaking, different information has different latency. GPS position and velocity have different latency. Very complicated. So for a simple explanation, we'll take GPS position and ADS-B ground-to-air surveillance application as an example.
I'll list all the latency below.
1. GPS receiver catches aircraft position, time T0;
2. GPS receiver output position to onboard data bus, time T1;
3. Position data from GPS receiver arrives at ADS-B transmitter via onboard data bus, time T2;
4. ADS-B transmitter transmit the position data, time T3;
5. ADS-B position data arrives at ADS-B ground receiver, time T4;
6. ADS-B receiver output ADS-B position data, time T5;
7. ADS-B position data arrives at ADS-B display system, time T6.
The whole latency is T6 minus T0.
Please keep in mind that this is a very simple explanation of ADS-B latency. The real situation is far more complicated.


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Surrender vs Submission vs Capitulation
Surrendersubmissioncapitulation denote the act of yielding up one's person, one's forces, or one's possessions to another person or power.
Surrender usually implies a state of war and present domination by a victor or by an admittedly stronger power; in addition it often also implies the immediate cessation of fighting
Submission often implies surrender (as of an army, its supplies, and its fortifications), but it stresses the acknowledgment of the power or authority of another and often suggests loss of independence; it is used especially of those who rebel or of those whose weak condition leaves them at the mercy of a stronger power or subject to its threats. Unlike surrender, submission often implies not a previous state of war but a threat of disastrous warfare.
Capitulation also implies surrender, but it suggests a conditional one on terms agreed upon between the parties or the commanders of the forces concerned.


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Climate Lit is a hub for building young people's climate literacy with literature, film, and stories in other media. The website offers a literature database, curricula, and a climate glossary all of which are focusing on increasing students' climate literacy.
Organization: Climate Lit
Climate Lit was founded in 2021 as a cooperative of educators, scholars, writers, artists, students, activists, advocates, and other volunteer Earthlings. They come from countries and classrooms across the globe. They are an open access initiative of the Center for Climate Literacy at the University of Minnesota's College of Education and Human Development. It is funded with the support from the College, the Department of Curriculum and Instruction, and from private and institutional donations (Source).


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Claws of the Dragon
In Barsaive a name is truly a thing of power: a True Name gives a Pattern stability and allows it to grow. Knowledge of a Name can also give one power over a Pattern; knowing a Pattern's name is almost universally the first step to tying a Thread to a True Pattern.
It is important to draw the distinction between names and Names. Simply, only recognized proper names have power. All wolves share a similar patter, which is called "wolf," but Wolf is not the Name, just a description. A Name is a sign, perhaps even a requirement, of uniqueness.
Names can be set quickly in a ritual or more organically simply by use. It is worth noting that many Namegivers use an informal name or nickname when meeting strangers, for knowing somebody's Name gives one power over them; but as these nicknames become woven into the True Pattern of the individual, they in turn become Names.


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Fade Out Images with GIMP
There's no need to go out and buy Adobe Photoshop and take Photoshop classes. Just follow this simple GIMP tutorial to learn how to fade out the edge of an image.
One of the features that gives images a web 2.0 kind of look is fading out the edges. This is most commonly seen in the image reflection effects. I'm not going to cover a reflection in this post. I'll just cover the image fade out part for now.
I'm going to start out with an image of our favorite Linux mascot, Tux. I've already trimmed out the white background and made it transparent.
Add a Layer Mask
- Open up the Layers menu [CTRL][L]. If you're opening just a basic jpeg or png there should be just one layer at this point.
- In the Layers menu, right click on the layer and select Add Layer Mask.
- Make sure White (full opacity) is selected and click Add. You should see a white box show up next to the thumbnail of your image in the Layers menu.
Create the Fade Effect
- Right click on your layer and make sure that Edit Layer Mask is selected.
- Make sure that the Foreground Color is set to Black and the Background Color is set to White in the GIMP tools menu.
- Click on the Blend Tool (it should be just to the right of Bucket Fill).
- Drag a vertical line from the bottom of the image to where you want to stop the fade effect. (Hint: Hold down the [CTRL] key to help make the line vertical.)
If you right click in the Layers menu, you can select Show Layer Mask. It should look something like this:
Right click again and select Apply Layer Mask.
You can now save your file. In the image window select File?Save As. Enter a new name and click Save. A menu will pop up with save options. The defaults should be fine. Click Save.
Here's the final product.


text: The purposes of this study are to analyze post liquefaction shear strength and to explore the potential use of wave-based techniques to monitor liquefaction and post liquefaction response. The first part presents a detailed analysis of triaxial test results to identify robust strength criteria. The second part documents experimental data on the characterization of liquefaction events with P-wave reflection imaging and S-wave trans-illumination techniques. The relevance of multiple coexisting temporal and spatial scales is highlighted. The following results are obtained: 1) the post liquefaction shear strength can be estimated within the framework of critical state soil mechanic; 2) the P-wave reflection images obtained before and after liquefaction represent the depression of the soil-water interface; 3) excess pore pressure migration from liquefied deep layers may cause zero-effective stress in dilative shallow layers. P-wave reflection is a valuable tool to monitor the evolution of subsurface structures and S-wave trans-illumination technique can be used to yield a comprehensive picture of the spatial evolution of liquefaction.


Percentage Of Completion Method
Definition of 'Percentage Of Completion Method'
An accounting method in which the revenues and expenses of long-term contracts are recognized yearly as a percentage of the work completed during that year. This is the opposite of the completed contract method, which allows taxpayers to defer the reporting of any income and expenses until a long-term project is completed. The percentage of completion method of accounting is commonly used in construction projects.
Investopedia explains 'Percentage Of Completion Method'
The percentage of completion method of accounting requires the reporting of revenues and expenses on a yearly basis, as determined by the percentage of the contract that has been fulfilled. The current income and expenses are compared with the total estimated costs to determine the tax liability for the year. For example, a project that is 30% complete in year one and 45% complete in year two would only have the incremental 15% of revenue recognized in the second year.
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The 10 Commandments of And How Learn More
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In the world of modern architecture and design, rolling doors have gained immense popularity for their practicality, versatility, and aesthetic appeal. Whether in commercial, industrial, or residential settings, these innovative doors offer a range of benefits that make them an excellent choice for various applications. This article delves into the advantages of rolling doors, shedding light on why they have become a preferred solution for many.
One of the most significant advantages of rolling doors is their space-saving design. Unlike traditional swing or hinged doors that require clearance space, rolling doors open and close vertically. This allows you to maximize floor space and utilize areas that might otherwise be rendered unusable. In crowded environments, such as warehouses or garages, this feature becomes invaluable as it enables efficient utilization of available space.
Rolling doors are renowned for their robust security features. Constructed from durable materials like steel or aluminum, these doors provide a formidable barrier against unauthorized access. Many rolling doors are equipped with advanced locking mechanisms, tamper-resistant features, and reinforced tracks, making them an excellent choice for securing valuable assets and properties.
Investing in rolling doors means investing in durability. These doors are built to withstand harsh environmental conditions, heavy usage, and wear and tear. The materials used in their construction, such as galvanized steel or corrosion-resistant aluminum, ensure that they remain functional and visually appealing for years to come. This durability translates into reduced maintenance costs and fewer replacements, providing a cost-effective solution in the long run.
Rolling doors can be customized to suit a wide range of applications. From industrial settings like warehouses, factories, and loading docks to commercial spaces like retail stores and restaurants, and even residential garages, rolling doors offer a versatile solution that caters to diverse needs. Their adaptability to various sizes, styles, and designs makes them an attractive option for architects, designers, and property owners.
In settings where rapid access is essential, rolling doors shine. These doors are designed for swift and smooth operation, allowing for quick openings and closures. In commercial environments with high foot traffic or heavy vehicle movement, the efficiency of rolling doors minimizes delays and optimizes workflow. Rolling doors are no longer limited to industrial or utilitarian settings. Manufacturers offer a wide array of designs, finishes, and colors that can be customized to align with the aesthetic requirements of the space. This flexibility allows rolling doors to seamlessly integrate into various architectural styles, contributing to the overall visual appeal of the environment.
For spaces where noise reduction or temperature control is crucial, insulated rolling doors come to the rescue. These doors are equipped with insulation materials that help regulate indoor temperatures and reduce external noise. This feature is particularly valuable in environments like warehouses, manufacturing facilities, or entertainment venues, where maintaining a comfortable and quiet atmosphere is essential. Rolling doors are engineered for minimal maintenance requirements. With self-lubricating components, rust-resistant coatings, and sturdy construction, these doors typically require only routine checks and occasional cleaning. This translates to reduced downtime and fewer interruptions to daily operations.
Many rolling door manufacturers prioritize eco-friendly practices. Using sustainable materials and designs that promote energy efficiency, these doors contribute to a greener footprint. Energy-efficient insulation and the ability to control airflow also support environmental sustainability by reducing the need for excess heating or cooling. Ultimately, the advantages of rolling doors boil down to convenience. From ease of use to improved security, space optimization to aesthetic enhancement, these doors offer a comprehensive solution that simplifies daily operations and adds value to any space they grace.
In conclusion, the versatility, durability, and array of benefits offered by rolling doors have firmly established them as a preferred choice across industries. Whether you're looking to optimize space, enhance security, or elevate the aesthetics of a space, rolling doors provide a solution that caters to modern needs. As architecture continues to evolve, rolling doors stand as a testament to how practicality and design can harmoniously come together for the benefit of functionality and style.


Ethylene Removal and Shelf Life Extension
Another trial completed proving that our machines remove Ethylene, if you can remove Ethylene, you can extend shelf life.
Ethylene removal is extremely important in extending shelf life because it's Ethylene which acts as a natural ripening (or "aging") hormone, the release of Ethylene into a storage environment is what causes fresh produce, fruits, flowers and many other plants to deteriorate.


Portuguese Traditional Bakers
This documentary is about the traditional bakers of Portugal. In some Portuguese villages bread is still prepared as it was prepared many centuries ago, with knowledge transmitted from generation to generation, from grandparents to parents, from parents to children.
Many older people still go to the traditional bakery to chat with the other villagers while they wait for the bread to bake. Formerly, on long winter nights, traditional bakeries were the places where the villagers met and chatted all night while they warmed. They were true social centres of the village. Often the villagers would bring their pots to the bakery so that the baker could cook the food in the bread oven.
These ovens were called the "people's oven" because they belonged to all the villagers of the village. In the past, it was up to each villager to light the oven, there was a list to announce who had the task.
Nowadays it is still possible to see these ovens of the people working, it is often the bakers themselves who activate them to show the new generations how bread was made in grandparents' time. These bakers today own modern bakeries, but they like to once in a while activate the old oven of the people.
These photographs were taken in villages in northern Portugal.
Villages : Pitões das Junias, Provesende and Favaios, Portugal
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PyNLP -- parsing and distributional similarity package for Python
PyNLP is a collection of Python/C/C++ modules that provide a common framework for discriminative parsing and distributional similarity-based clustering.
PyNLP is currently licensed for noncommercial purposes only. Special thanks to Helmut Schmid for allowing the inclusion of parts of BitPar and SFST in this distribution.
This distribution includes (parts of) the following software: BitPar (by Helmut Schmid; noncommercial only) _URL_ SFST (by Helmut Schmid; GPL) _URL_ FlexModule/BisonModule (Tommy McGuire; Pythonesque license) _URL_ Simple C++ wrapper for PCRE (Peter Petersen; BSD-like license) [different versions of this one floating around on the Internet.]
NOTE: the library modules that use BitPar and SFST are based on older versions of these programs and recent versions of these may have different functionality (in the case of BitPar) or use incompatible file formats (SFST). In particular, most of the functionality in the 'bitpar' C++ module that is beyond parsing bit vector charts (i.e., head finding, extraction of forests, discriminative parsing) is not present in BitPar, whereas reranking is present in newer versions of BitPar, but not in the module.
The following language resources can be used with PyNLP: - old SMOR/IMSLex (German morphology; proprietary)
cannot be redistributed
- SMOR with the IDS lexicon (German morphology) -- not done yet Note that this may yield slightly different results from using SMOR with the (non-redistributable) IMSLex lexicon.
- Morph-It (Italian morphology)
The easiest way to install this is by installing the necessary python packages via Debian/Ubuntu's apt-get and then setup the package in a virtualenv (so you can install new versions without having to modify the central python installation).
To actually do useful things, you need to untar the pytree_data.tgz tarball somewhere and point the PYNLP environment variable to that directory: export PYNLP=~/tmp/pytree_data
For building the software, you will need the following packages: gcc g++ python-dev libpcre++-dev python-numpy bison flex python-virtualenv (optional) cython (optional)
You will also need the dti decision tree package from Christian Borgelt: _URL_
To build and setup everything: cd ~/tmp virtualenv parser_env cd ~/sources/pytree-package ~/tmp/parser_env/bin/python setup.py install cd tests ~/tmp/parser_env/bin/python test-all.py
Tu build and setup for a system installation, it's just python setup.py build sudo python setup.py install cd tests python test-all.py
After PyTree is installed, you can run "make html" in the "docs/" subdirectory to build API documentation in nice HTML format if you have installed the Sphinx document formatting suite.
Parsing with an existing grammar
To do lexicalized parsing with an existing grammar, use the script parse_lex.py, for example: python parse_lex.py -l de.tiger -g grammar/full -m grammar/all.model where:
- -l gives the settings bundle for PyNLP (which sets the right
- morphological prediction, head table, etc.)
-g gives the path to the files for the first stage PCFG grammar -m gives the path to the discriminative model parameters
Retraining the parser with an existing grammar
To retrain the parser, several steps are necessary: * Create the annotated trees from the treebank
for Tiger, this is done by the script tiger2mrg.py which will read a Negra export file, transform it including projectivizing the tree, and then write a bracketed file with edge label information.
- create base PCFG grammars for the n-fold crosstraining see scripts/parse_all.sh for how to do this.
- extract the discriminative training data for each fold:
- python train_lex.py -l de.tiger -g fold3 -o fold3/fold.event fold3/heldout.mrg
- (lather, rinse, repeat for fold1..fold5 and full)
- join the discriminative training data and apply frequency threshold:
amis_tools/treelexer -t 5 -l all.in -o all.event fold*/fold.event * run AMIS to estimate model parameters amis all.conf
- reward yourself with a cookie: you should now have - the PCFG grammar in.../full/ - the discriminative model in.../all.model
Adapting to other grammars or languages
basically, you want to have the following: * a script for treebank conversion and annotation
Look at tiger2mrg.py for an example how this could look. Basically, you would want to - have edge labels that (minimally) distinguish betweenmodifiers on one hand, different types of arguments on the other hand and conjuncts as well.
- markovize coordinations (look at the function with that name in tiger2mrg - basically, find coordinations and markovize them so that they are distinct from other phrases with linear markovization
- use generic_markovize to do markovization with GF marking which is head-based (if you have a head table).
- write everything out in VPF format (again, look at tiger2mrg.py how to do this).
- a head table (already used in step 1) look at pynlp/*/*_heads.py for ideas on how to do this.
- a POS prediction component look at pynlp/de/smor_pos.py and pynlp/it/morphit_pos.py for examples.
- a regex list look at data/german-regex.in and data/italian-regex.in for examples.
- one settings bundle to rule them all (or two) modify pynlp/__init__.py so that PyNLP can actually find all those components.


text:
The definition of Montagnais is a Native American Indian tribe from Northern Quebec in Canada.
Facts About the Montagnais
- Many of the current tribe still exist and live in the same area of Quebec today.
- It is commonly believed that the name of Quebec actually came from one of the names given the tribe, Kebik.
- Montagnais speakers refer to their native language as Innu-Aimun. Most Montagnais children can speak their native language.
- The Montagnais tribe were nomadic and moved according to the changing of the seasons.
- The Montagnais tribe depended on the environment to save in a number of ways including for their:
- Food - In the spring, salmon and eel were their main sources of food. In winter they depended on the hunting of both small and large game, such as porcupine, caribou, moose, and elk.
- Clothing - It was typical to see clothing made of buckskin or other animal skins and natural materials.
- Shelter - The Montagnais lived in wigwams and covered the wigwams with animal skins, reeds, mats and bark from trees.
- Transportation - In spring months, the Montagnais relied on canoes crafted from strong trees. In winter, when they were forced to follow the migration of caribou as their main food source, the Montagnais constructed snow shoes using components of the environment.
An example of Montagnais is the 13,000 Indian Americans living in Labrador and Quebec today.


text:
Is there a way to generate an area by connecting points?
I have got 3 lights and I want to connect them and use the resulting shape as a mask.
So I need a filter that connect points and fill the area at least.
As far as I know, there is no way to connect mask points with something by expressions, right?
You can use the Beam effect to create a line to connect two points. Use the following Expression example to connect the Beam's 2D points to the light layer's 3D position property -
LightLayer01 = thisComp.layer("Light1");
Once you have 3 Beam layers linking all three lights, you can fill in the area defined by the 3 Beams with another layer, an Adjustment Layer, and apply the Paint Bucket effect on the Adjustment Layer.
Precomp or nest this comp and use the result as your mask.


Difference between an educator and a teacher
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Difference between an educator and a teacher
Children Educator
There are many similarities between educators and teachers. Indeed, there is also a ton of overlap in that many teachers are educators and many educators are teachers. And in many cases, the two terms can be considered synonymous. However, there are some small variations in the roles each plays and when the term is appropriate to use.
 1. Role
Perhaps the biggest difference in the two terms is the fact that an educator could be anyone who gives instructions, whereas a teacher is a job title to describe someone who teaches at a school. An educator could also be someone who acts as a mentor, and instructor or even a trainer. A teacher is someone who is in the teaching profession. They get paid and often require special training or formal qualifications, which is something that is not required of all educators but would depend on the type of educator and the content.[i] The difference between the two may be thought of as formal and informal also. Informally, when a teaching role is taken on by anyone, that would be more likely to be considered an educator. But when it takes place in a formal setting, with paid professional teachers, it would be more likely to be called teaching. In settings that are informal, but still require the same degree of teaching (such as homeschooling), both terms can be used accurately.[ii]
 1. Function
An educator educates students and a teacher teaches students. This may seem like the same thing, but an educator does not simply teach, but can also give intellectual, moral and social instruction. The scope and depth of education that can be provided by an educator can be much broader than a teacher because their focus is on overall development and progress for the student. This often requires that the educator evaluate progress individually and adjust the material to fit the student's needs. This is in contrast to a professional, paid teacher who will primarily focus on the pre-defined curriculum and syllabus for the term. This is what is taught to the entire class, regardless of their individual needs.[iii]
 1. Material
To become a teacher, an individual typically has to gain special training or receive some formal qualification. This is because the content that is taught deals with imparting theoretical knowledge such as theories, formulas and other information. Additionally, they teach how to apply the knowledge in a practical manner. While the same duties may be performed by an educator, depending on the content that they are covering, an educator will also provide intellectual, moral and social instructions rather than a simple practical application. This involves tying the information to a broader context than a teacher would.[iv]
 1. Characteristics
There are also certain qualities and characteristic that differentiate an educator from a teacher. With teaching, the individual teachers are expected to follow clear standards of practice that address the ongoing education of teachers, investigating any complaints and conducting hearings into allegations of professional misconduct. They must also take appropriate disciplinary action and deal with accreditation through teacher education programs. There is also an inherent obligation to honor students' rights.[v]
Informal education also has prescribed characteristics that help to define it. It seeks to create or deepen situations where people can learn or provide an environment where everyone can learn together building upon each other's ideas. Informal education also understands that an activity can be based on any form of learning (the teaching does not have to be deliberate, but can be implied) and focuses on social and collaborative aspects of learning. At times, informal education can help to bridge the gap between school and life and it allows the students a choice in how to approach and learn the material. Students are also given the tools that are tangible for the processes in which they apply to. Informal education can make learning accessible in everyday life and it is often driven by conversation and interaction with others.[vi]
 1. Advantages and disadvantages
In recent times, informal teaching is beginning to be more and more recognized for the advantages it may provide for life-long learning skills. It emphasizes certain values such as working for the well-being of all, respecting each and every human being, embracing dialogue, equality, justice, and democracy, including the active involvement of people in issues that affect their own lives. This focus is on values rather than a set curriculum. Informal education gives students real issues that help them to become deeply engaged in solving a particular problem. Through this, new concepts are mastered and this is how the education is transferred.[vii]
Formal education, led by a teacher, is much more widely accepted standard for transferring knowledge. Since qualifications are required, the individual who is teaching must understand the material they are teaching. However, the method is more through rote, or memorization rather than the experiential learning that occurs with informal education.[viii]
 1. Global comparisons
It is also important to understand that both terms can take on a new context in different regions of the world. They may still have similarities and differences, but these will be determined by the local culture and customs. Generally speaking a teacher would have four competences, including as a manager of instruction, as a caring person, as an expert learner and as a cultural and civic person. These different competences may occur at different levels in areas that are geographically and culturally different.[ix]
Author: Rikki Roehrich
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text:
What I want to achieve is to programmatically create a two-dimensional color ramp represented by a 256x256 matrix of color values. The expected result can be seen in the attached image. What I have for a starting point are the 4 corner colors of the matrix from which the remaining 254 colors inbetween should be interpolated. While I had some success for interpolating the colors for one axis, the two-dimensional calculation provides me some bad headaches. While the image seems to have a non-linear color gradient, I would be happy with a linear one.
If you could give me some hints how to do this with numpy or other tools I'll be more than thankful.
Here's a super short solution using the zoom function from
scipy.ndimage. I define a 2x2 RGB image with the intial colors (here random ones) and simply zoom it to 256x256,
order=1 makes the interpolation linear. Here is the code :
import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt im=(np.random.rand(2,2,3)*255).astype(np.uint8) from scipy.ndimage.interpolation import zoom zoomed=zoom(im,(128,128,1),order=1) plt.subplot(121) plt.imshow(im,interpolation='nearest') plt.subplot(122) plt.imshow(zoomed,interpolation='nearest') plt.show()


text:
Main Article Content
In translating hyperboles, the effect of exaggerating something from the source text when translated literally into the target text can cause a strange meaning and less acceptable because the terms are not in accordance with the rules of the target language. This study aimed to analyze the translation strategies used by the translator in translating type of hyperboles and its translation quality in The Shrunken Head Novel. The descriptive qualitative research approach is used as a research design. The results of the study showed that there are two types of hyperboles found in this novel, namely overstatement of numbers and quantity and impossible description. Then, there are three strategies that used by translator to translated types of hyperbole in this novel, namely the sense of the word may be translated non-figuratively, retaining the word in the original but to add the sense of the word and substituting a figurative expression from SL to TL. The analysis on translation quality showed that 212 data of hyperboles (88%) considered as accurate, 207 data (86%) belongs to acceptable and 164 data (68%) are considered as high readability.


text:
Skip to Main Content
Modern RF/microwave integrated circuits are getting denser and/or compact in terms of number of circuit elements per unit area thereby leading to increased parasitic EM coupling. An efficient and recent CAD model for EM coupling based on circuit theory and deembedding concepts previously applied to passive EM circuit simulation is considered. For the first time, this new CAD technique is applied to EM coupling modeling of a nonlinear RF integrated circuit consisting of both active and passive components. The resulting circuit-level model is shown to be efficient for circuit simulation in terms of CPU-time.


Fanny Corbould (nee Heath) _PHONE_
What did Fanny look like?
Born: 22 July 1814 and died 19 February 1850.
Daughter of: Charles Heath, the engraver (_PHONE_) and Elizabeth Petch (?-1861).
Sister of:
1. Emily Heath (_PHONE_).
2. Frederick Augustus Heath (_PHONE_) who married Mrs M Inwood.
3. Alfred Theodosius Heath (_PHONE_) who married Caroline Philpott.
4. Charlotte Palmer (nee Heath, _PHONE_) who married William Palmer.
5. Charles Heath (_PHONE_).
6. Isabel Heath (_PHONE_).
7. Henry Charles Heath (_PHONE_) who married Georgina Woodcock (_PHONE_).
Fanny married: 28 September 1839, Edward Henry Corbould (_PHONE_), son of the artist Henry Corbould and Mary Corbould (nee Pickles).
Fanny and Edward had issue:
1. Jemima Wyburd (nee Corbould, _PHONE_) who married the artist Francis John Wyburd (_PHONE_).
2. Isabel (1842-????).
3. Julia (1844-????).
My knowledge of Fanny comes from information supplied to me by Giles Wyburd.
If anyone out on the internet can supply me with a biography, I would be very pleased to hear from you. More information can be found on the Corbould family at .
Fanny's husband Edward Henry Corbould
If you have any more information please do contact me.
(Home) (Biographies) (Bookplates) (Contact)


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For a given observer (lon, lat, time) on Earth and a given Galactic coordinate (GLON, GLAT), how can I compute the corresponding (alt, az) point in the sky with PyEphem?
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Given the way that PyEphem currently works, there are two steps to answering your question. First, you have to convert a pair of galactic coordinates into an equatorial RA/dec pair of coordinates instead.
import ephem
# Convert a Galactic coordinate to RA and dec
galactic_center = ephem.Galactic(0, 0)
eq = ephem.Equatorial(galactic_center)
print 'RA:', eq.ra, 'dec:', eq.dec
→ RA: 17:45:37.20 dec: -28:56:10.2
Those coordinates are pretty close to the ones that the Wikipedia gives for the galactic center.
Now that we have a normal RA/dec coordinate, we just need to figure out where it is in the sky right now. Since PyEphem is built atop a library that knows only about celestial "bodies" like stars and planets, we simply need to create a fake "star" at that location and ask its azimuth and altitude.
# So where is that RA and dec above Boston?
# Pretend that a star or other fixed body is there.
body = ephem.FixedBody()
body._ra = eq.ra
body._dec = eq.dec
body._epoch = eq.epoch
obs = ephem.city('Boston')
obs.date = '2012/6/24 02:00' # 10pm EDT
print 'Az:', body.az, 'Alt:', body.alt
→ Az: 149:07:25.6 Alt: 11:48:43.0
And we can check that this answer is reasonable by looking at a sky chart for Boston late that evening: Sagittarius — the location of the Galactic Center — is just rising over the southeastern rim of the sky, which makes perfect sense of a southeast azimuth like 149°, and for an as-yet low altitude like 11°.
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The (RA,DEC) coordinate from PyEphem matches exactly the one I find with the HEASARC coordinate converter, maybe the Wikipedia/Galactic_Center position is for the black hole and not for (GLON,GLAT) = (0,0). – Chris Jul 11 '12 at 12:47
You could change eq = ephem.Equatorial(galactic_center) to equatorial = ephem.Equatorial(galactic_center), then the code will run directly when pasted in a python shell. – Chris Jul 11 '12 at 12:51
This solution is very nice and simply. The only weird thing is that you assign private attributes of body instead of setting the values in the constructor. – Chris Jul 11 '12 at 12:57
I saw here that it is possible to give coordinates "in the usual python way" to the constructor like this body = ephem.FixedBody(ra=123.123, dec=45.45), but for some reason neiter body = ephem.FixedBody(ra=eq.ra, dec=eq.dec) nor body = ephem.FixedBody(ra=eq.ra.real, dec=eq.dec.real) works for me, in both cases I get body._ra == 0. Why is that? – Chris Jul 11 '12 at 13:07
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text:
The name Pralus was first associated with chocolate in 1948 when Auguste Pralus began his first patisserie in France. Francois Pralus furthered the tradition by creating his own single-origin bars from the world's finest beans in 1991. As with many French chocolatiers, the cacao beans are roasted much longer than their European and American counterparts. The result is a darker colored bar with smokier, darker flavors. Explore the dark, roasty, iconic flavors of Francois Pralus chocolates.
- 100 gram bar, 45% milk chocolate
- Made with criollo beans from Indonesia
- Balanced flavors with notes of vanilla, caramel, and milky spices


text: Between 1890 and 1914 Australia became the world's largest market for wool. Wresting this title from London required local brokers to create an ordered market with a central auction room, a uniform sale contract and standard arbitration procedure across a number of separate selling centres. This paper explores the various governance structures created by the Associations in Melbourne, Brisbane and Sydney, to bind co‐operative behaviours. We argue that the dual objects of the Associations, adherence to a uniform price and the operation of a central auction, provided different levels of incentives to firms to co‐operate in each centre. Firms took calculated rational decisions whether to co‐operate with respect to 'price', and different behaviours between centres depended heavily on structural and environmental situations. However, co‐operative behaviours towards supporting the auction system were driven by a combination of pecuniary and altruistic factors. The latter arose from a deep rooted sense of service to promote the wool trade and a belief in its over‐riding national importance.


Foundation Baseline Assessment
What is the reception baseline assessment?
The reception baseline assessment is a new national assessment that will be administered in reception classes in all primary, infant and first schools in England. This will form the baseline for primary progress measures, allowing schools to receive credit for the progress their pupils make throughout their time in primary school. It is intended that this will be introduced in autumn 2020.
Why is it being introduced?
An information video for parents about the reception baseline assessment (RBA) can be found here. This will provide information to help yopu, as parents to understand a little more about what the assessment is, how it will be carried out and why it is being introduced.
A pilot for the assessment is being carriued out in September 2019. At Crawford Village Primary School, we have taken the decision to be part of this pilot as we feel this presents an opportunity to start to understand what the baseline will mean for our school in more detail.
Crawford Village Primary School
Crawford Village Primary School Crawford Road
Up Holland
Mrs S Roberts - Bursar | Mrs D Eaton - Headteacher
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text:
A methodology for topside design and integration in preliminary warship design
This thesis investigates warship topside design and integration and proposes a methodology that provides, during the preliminary design stages, an enhanced topside design capability above that currently available. The feasibility of such a system is demonstrated through a number of individual investigations and ship design studies for both conventional and unconventional naval vessels. A recommended implementation of the methodology, integrating it with the recently produced layout system, is proposed as the way forward. Topside design is a complex task resulting from the requirement to locate all the necessary equipment on the weatherdeck and superstructure of a warship whilst minimising interactions. The current tools and design methodologies fail to cohesively address design issues at the concept stage. This is often due to the specialist nature of the analyses, which require detailed definitions only available later in the design process as well as expert knowledge in the application of the techniques. The proposed methodology provides guidance as different design solutions are developed and evaluated, allowing earlier identification of potential problems. It operates in an 'open' manner providing the naval architect with the flexibility to investigate and analyse the design as it evolves without dictating design decisions or requiring expert application knowledge. The major issues that need to be considered during preliminary warship design are discussed. Current design methods and the shortfalls associated with each of them are considered. A methodology is outlined detailing the principles that are applicable and the important components and characteristics of any solution identified. The major aspects in topside integration are investigated and design tools proposed and evaluated. A framework for the integration of these tools is developed which is suitable for implementation using current computer technology. The suitability of this framework to incorporate other less complex but important topside design issues is evaluated and appropriate techniques identified.