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I'm reading Terry Gannon's Moonshine Beyond the Monster, and in section 2.4.3 he hints at (but does not explicitly describe) a way to extend the action of $SL_2(\mathbb{Z})$ on modular forms to an action of the braid group $B_3$. Here is what he says about this action:
First, we lift modular forms $f : \mathbb{H} \to \mathbb{C}$ to functions $\phi_f : SL_2(\mathbb{R}) \to \mathbb{C}$ as follows: let
$$\phi_f \left( \left[ \begin{array}{cc} a & b \\\ c & d \end{array} \right] \right) = f \left( \frac{ai + b}{ci + d} \right) (ci + d)^{-k}.$$
Thinking of $f$ as a function on $SL_2(\mathbb{R})$ invariant under $SO_2(\mathbb{R})$, we have now exchanged invariance under $SO_2(\mathbb{R})$ for invariance under $SL_2(\mathbb{Z})$. ($SO_2(\mathbb{R})$ now acts by the character corresponding to $k$.) In moduli space terms, an element $g \in SL_2(\mathbb{R})$ can be identified with the elliptic curve $\mathbb{C}/\Lambda$ where $\Lambda$ has basis the first and second columns (say) of $g$, and $\phi_f$ is a function on this space invariant under change of basis but covariant under rotation.
Second, $SL_2(\mathbb{R})$ admits a universal cover $\widetilde{SL_2(\mathbb{R})}$ in which the universal central extension $B_3$ of $SL_2(\mathbb{Z})$ sits as a discrete subgroup. Unfortunately, Gannon doesn't give an explicit description of this universal cover (presumably because it's somewhat complicated).
Question: What is a good explicit description of this universal cover and of how $B_3$ sits in it (hence of how it acts on modular forms)? In particular, does it have a moduli-theoretic interpretation related to the description of $B_3$ as the fundamental group of the space $C_3$ of unordered triplets of distinct points in $\mathbb{C}$? (These triplets $(a, b, c$) can, of course, be identified with elliptic curves $y^2 = 4(x - a)(x - b)(x - c)$.)
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4 Answers 4
up vote 8 down vote accepted
You can think of the space of positively oriented covolume-one bases of $\mathbb{R}^2$ as a torsor under $SL_2(\mathbb{R})$, i.e., it is a manifold with a simply transitive action of the group. If you choose a preferred basepoint, such as $(\mathbf{i},\mathbf{j})$, you get an identification with the group. You can think of elements of the universal cover as positively oriented area-one bases equipped with a homotopy class of paths in $\mathbb{R}^2 - \{0\}$ from $\mathbf{i}$ to the first element of the basis. There is a reasonably straightforward composition law that involves multiplying matrices and composing paths.
Gannon's description of lifting to $SL_2(\mathbb{R})$ implies the lifts of even weight modular forms to $\widetilde{SL_2(\mathbb{R})}$ are invariant under the action of $B_3$. In particular, classical modular forms are rather boring from the perspective of the braid group. In order to detect the central extension, you need to consider modular forms of fractional weight. When the weight is not an integer, you don't get an action of $SO(2)$, but instead, an action of the universal cover $\mathbb{R}$. The resulting action of $B_3$ is necessarily nontrivial, since the restriction to the center is by a nontrivial character of $\mathbb{Z}$. I don't know many explicit constructions of fractional weight forms, other than half-integer weight forms like $\eta$ and theta functions, and vector-valued forms constructed from them. However, you can generate a family of examples by choosing powers of the cusp form $\Delta$, which admits a logarithm since it is globally regular and nonvanishing.
My understanding of the explicit relationship to configurations of points and elliptic curves is the following: Given a path of triples of distinct points $(a_1(t),a_2(t),a_3(t))$, we get a path on the space of elliptic curves of the form $y^2 = (x-a_1(t))(x-a_2(t))(x-a_3(t))$, but this will throw away an action of real translations and dilations (irrelevant) together with the central extension and the circle action (important). If we just look at the isomorphism types (i.e., the $j$-invariants) of the curves, we get a path through the quotient of the upper half plane by $SL_2(\mathbb{Z})$. We need to choose a discrete structure to remove the quotient by the center, and a one dimensional continuous structure to promote our space to three dimensions. To retain the angular information that we lost by passing to elliptic curve isomorphism, we fix a tangent direction at infinity to remove rotational symmetry. This tangent direction is manifested when we choose our discrete structure: a homotopy class of nonintersecting paths from the three points to infinity, because we demand that the paths asymptotically approach infinity in that direction. The elliptic curve is a double cover of the complex projective line, ramified at the three points and infinity. We can choose once and for all a uniform convention for lifting the three paths to primitive homology cycles, such that any pair generates $H_1$, and one cycle is the sum of the other two, so those two form a preferred basis. To get the parametrization of $\widetilde{SL_2(\mathbb{R})}$ from the first paragraph, we choose a preferred basepoint configuration of three points with paths from infinity and asymptotic direction, and consider a triple $(a_1(t),a_2(t),a_3(t))$ that starts at the basepoint. By uniqueness of homotopy lifting, we get a family of tangent vectors at infinity together with a family of elliptic curves with oriented bases of homology. By rescaling the bases in $\mathbb{R}^2$ to have unit covolume, we get the parametrization in the first paragraph.
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There is a straightforward way to pass between the description of $\widetilde{SL_2(\mathbb{R})}$ in my first paragraph and Robin Chapman's description, but Robin's description is not only more concise, but lends itself to nice descriptions of finite-order covers like the metaplectic group (using branches of $n$th roots of $cz+d$). – S. Carnahan Apr 4 '10 at 19:49
$\widetilde{\textit{SL}_2(\mathbb{R})}$ is not so complicated, but one of the best descriptions is just that. It has no faithful finite-dimensional representations, which makes things a little tricky. It's easy to see that $\textit{SL}_2(\mathbb{R})$ is topologically a solid torus, so it does have a central extension by $\mathbb{Z}$.
Another description of this central extension is to think of $PSL_2(\mathbb{R})$ acting on the hyperbolic plane. Then $\widetilde{SL_2(\mathbb{R})}$ is pairs $(g,\phi)$ where $g \in PSL_2(\mathbb{R})$ and $\phi:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$ is a map that induces the map from $S^1$ to $S^1$ induced by $g$ on the circle at infinity. (Note that this goes by a quotient from $SL_2(\mathbb{R})$ and then centrally extends back again.)
For the relation to $B_3$, you can think of $PSL_2(\mathbb{Z})$ as the mapping class group of the 4-times punctured sphere, with one puncture (at infinity) distinguished and required to go to itself. To go from there to its central extension $B_3$, you remove a disk (rather than a point) around infinity, and only look at isotopies that fix that boundary, which is similar to what happened at the circle at infinity above.
More generally, all mapping class groups have a unique central extension; if there's a distinguished point, you can do it in the braid-like way (looking at isotopies that fix a boundary circle), while if there isn't, you do it by lifting the map of the surface to a map from $\mathbb{H}^2$ to itself (not an isometry) and then lifting the action on the circle at infinity to a map from $\mathbb{R}$ to


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Located on Brisbane's northern outskirts, Griffin is a suburb that combines residential and agricultural land use. It extends from the northern side of the Pine River to Bramble Bay. Add to Description →
Griffin was named after one of the first settlers of the region. He was searching for hardwood timers for use in dwellings and as posts.
Aboriginal tribes, including the Yugerra and Gubbi speaking people, have inhabited the area north of the Pine River for many hundreds of years. This region was clearly shared by the tribes, as there are a number of bora rings, (places where two or more tribes met to celebrate) nearby.
As seen in the aerial photos of Griffin, some vistas of the Griffin region have fantastic views of the mouth of the Pine River and Bramble Bay, and overlook the Hornibrook Highway and Brighton.
Griffin is the location of Osprey House. Osprey House is a well known environmental education centre, run by the Moreton Bay Regional Council and is located on Dohles Rocks Road. The education centre aims to inform the general public about the impact of our modern lives on our environment. The boardwalks, bbq and picnic facilities are accessible at any time, and the lowlands walks often offer glimpses of Ospreys, Brahminy, Whistling Kites and White-breasted Sea Eagles.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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What makes the Rocky Talkie different from other radios?
The Rocky Talkie is designed for athletes to push their limits in the outdoors. Unlike the fragile plastic belt clips of other radios, our radio easily secures to backpacks and harnesses using an ultra-light carabiner. For extreme terrain, a back-up leash is included to prevent drops. We find that this system is the difference between actively using the radio and keeping it in a backpack for emergencies.
In addition to the convenience offered, the Rocky Talkie includes a shatterproof LED screen (no-glass) and a thermoplastic covering to protect the electronics. The radio is ready to use out of the box and requires zero configuration. The electronics are simple and reliable - we cut out all of the superfluous radio features that kill battery life. The radio has 5 buttons that are easy to understand and still support the critical advanced features (such as privacy codes to prevent outside interference).
What is the usable range of a Rocky Talkie?
What is the battery life of a Rocky Talkie?
Can I use my Rocky Talkie with other radios?
Can I use a different charger to charge my radio?
How will cold weather effect my Rocky Talkie?
What sports are the radios recommended for?
Is the radio waterproof?
How can I change between high and low power?
How long does it take to charge a Rocky Talkie?
Are the accessories safe to climb with?
My radio is on but won't transmit?


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Calculates a Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient and the p-value to test for non-correlation.
The Spearman correlation is a nonparametric measure of the linear relationship between two datasets. Unlike the Pearson correlation, the Spearman correlation does not assume that both datasets are normally distributed. Like other correlation coefficients, this one varies between -1 and +1 with 0 implying no correlation. Correlations of -1 or +1 imply an exact linear relationship. Positive correlations imply that as x increases, so does y. Negative correlations imply that as x increases, y decreases.
Missing values are discarded pair-wise: if a value is missing in x, the corresponding value in y is masked.
The p-value roughly indicates the probability of an uncorrelated system producing datasets that have a Spearman correlation at least as extreme as the one computed from these datasets. The p-values are not entirely reliable but are probably reasonable for datasets larger than 500 or so.
x : 1D array
(Spearman correlation coefficient, :


text:
THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATIC FACTORS AND TECHNOLOGY IN SOME POTATO VARIETIES GROWN ON SANDY SOILS
Less favorable conditions on sandy soils in southern Oltenia limited number of
species and varieties grown in the area. Drought and high temperatures in recent yearsÂ (maximum 430 C in air, ground 700 C) acted as dehydrating forces on plants, disruptingÂ their metabolism.
Very high air temperature in July and August at 30 to 38.40 C relative humidity decreasedÂ to 25%, high soil surface temperature and lack of rainfall during the growing season,Â producing an imbalance of the water balance of plants.
Excessive sweating can dehydrate plants leaf level, close osteolele and diminish gas
exchange in photosynthesis.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Janet DukePrimary School
'Together We Learn, Together We Achieve, As One'
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History of the School
The Upper School building was originally opened in 1933 as the "Markhams Chase Primary School". At this time Laindon was a scattered rural community. Children came to the school from a large surrounding area.
It continued to serve the community until the building of the "Basildon New Town" caused a change to the intake area of the school. As the New Town reached Markhams Chase, hundreds of new families moved into the area and we became one of the largest schools in the town
The original Headteacher, Janet Duke, retired in 1964; this was when the current lower school building was opened as the Infant School. The schools were renamed Janet Duke Infant and Janet Duke Junior in recognition of the lifetime work and contribution that Miss Janet Duke had made to the school and community.
The Upper School building is traditional, being built of red brick with modern classrooms and the original hall. The lower school building is a more modern structure with large classrooms complete with cloakroom facilities. The school has a light, spacious hall that is used for assembly times, physical education lessons and as a dining hall.
The kitchen is an integral part of the school building. Meals are cooked here for the whole school.
There is a link corridor that was opened in April 2012 that joins the lower and upper school buildings allowing for free flow movement of pupils and staff across the school. This corridor is named 'Willets Walk Way' in recognition of Chris Willets, the school's site manager, on his retirement after 19 years service to the school.


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Whitepaper: Bidirectional Cross Filtering
Headshot of article author Kasper de Jonge
Bidirectional cross-filtering is a new feature for SQL Server 2016 Analysis Services and Power BI Desktop that allows modelers to determine how they want filters to flow for data using relationships between tables. In SQL Server 2014, filter context of a table is based on the values in a related table. With bidirectional cross-filtering, the filter context is propagated to a second related table on the other side of a table relationship. This can help you solve the many-to-many problem without writing complicated DAX formulas.
We just released a whitepaper that describes this feature in detail, available now for download. The whitepaper covers how the feature works and how it solves problems like the traditional many-to-many scenario. It also points out other interesting use cases such as using it for a date table, and how it solves dynamic security much easier than before.


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(The text below was scanned in so I hope the OCR software got everything right)
Why do warthogs drop to their knees to feed?
This is more common in winter when most of their food is underground and needs to be dug up. The disc at the end of the nose and the tushes (tusks) are used. The digging is more easily accomplished while the warthogs are on their knees, as more leverage and resultant digging efficiency are obtained, especially in harder soils.
Warthogs are the only 'pigs' in Africa to exhibit this phenomenon, and the reason for it may lie in the fact that they are the only ones that live and mostly graze in open savannah. The other species, like bushpig, live in the forest and generally have enough food in the form of fallen fruits, and other goods in the winter. Rooting at this time takes up less of their day, and the litter and soil are generally softer than on the sunbaked open areas where warthogs live. In winter warthogs rely almost entirely on rooting to find adequate and sufficient food, and spend most of their time doing this. This puts a strain on the animal, which is alleviated by dropping to the knees and resting while rooting, and possibly creates greater leverage with which to dig in hard soils. Thus the knees have developed heavy callouses. Warthogs, having to work relatively harder to obtain food than their forest relatives, spend a lot of time on their knees for comfort and convenience, if not out of necessity. One could then ask why they do not have much shorter front legs to facilitate this strategy, but such a feature would make them vulnerable to attack and less agile in escape.
Why do bats hang upside down?
Essentially because their legs are too weak to hold their body weight. This has occurred as a result of adaptations to fill their particular niche as mammals. Bats are the only mammals that fly. As in birds, weight-saving mechanisms evolve to make flight possible. Most birds have hollow bones but have minimal reduction (in most species) of the legs as they need them for perching and walking about in search of food. Bats have followed a different route altogether. Rather than having feathers (which are modified scales that hint at birds' reptilian ancestors),
they have developed extensive but light, membranous wings, have kept the solid bones, but have reduced on the one thing that was not of prime importance - their legs! Because most bats are feeders of aerial insects which they catch on the wing, they can afford this, and so have adapted their wings (forelimbs) to have claws (hooks). Because birds have occupied most of the niches for flying, bats compete by hunting at night (when most birds are inactive) and use their claws to hang rather than perch. The legs in insect-eating varieties are, therefore, rudimentary and not capable of holding the animal's weight (cumbersome shuffling being the only movement of these limbs). Fruit-eating bats still need some locomotive ability of the legs to aid in clambering around for fruit - but they are nowhere near as agile as birds.
Why do oxpeckers sit on mammals?
Why do comb ducks (knob-billed ducks) have knob bills?
Why do hamerkops have such big nests?
These are just some of the questions answered in a new book I bought last night called "Beat about the bush: Animals and birds
Author: Trevor Carnaby
I bought it at Wordsworth for R277.00


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Example of the Penalty Structure in the OVDP Process
The Criminal Investigative unit is charged with assessing the penalty structure. The structure itself is nonnegotiable and the examiner lacks discretion to make any adjustments. The following is an example prepared by the IRS:
The values of OVDP assets are aggregated for each year and the offshore penalty is calculated at the applicable rate (either 27.5 percent or 50 percent) of the highest year's aggregate value during the period covered by the voluntary disclosure.
If the taxpayer has multiple OVDP assets where the highest value of some OVDP assets is in different years, the values of OVDP assets are aggregated for each year and a single offshore penalty is calculated at the applicable rate of the highest year's aggregate value.
For example, assume the taxpayer had the following amounts in a foreign financial account over the period covered by his voluntary disclosure. It is assumed for purposes of the example that the $1,000,000 was in the account before 2005 and was not unreported income in 2005.
|Year||Amount on Deposit||Interest Income||Account Balance|
(NOTE: This example does not provide for compound interest, and assumes the taxpayer is in the 35-percent tax bracket, does not have an investment in a Passive Foreign Investment Company (PFIC) and files a return but does not include the foreign financial account or the interest income on the return. This example further assumes that the taxpayer is subject to a 27.5 percent offshore penalty.)
Under the OVDP Process
If the taxpayer in the above example comes forward and his voluntary disclosure is accepted by the IRS, he faces this potential scenario:
He would pay $553,000 plus interest. This includes:
- Tax of $140,000 (8 years at $17,500) plus interest,
- An accuracy-related penalty of $28,000 (i.e., $140,000 x 20%), and
- A miscellaneous offshore penalty of $385,000 (i.e., $1,400,000 x 27.5%).
If the taxpayer didn't come forward, when the IRS discovered his tax and FBAR noncompliance, he would have to pay substantially more in penalties. The taxpayer would also be liable for interest and possibly additional penalties, and an examination could lead to criminal prosecution.
Outside the OVDP Process
The civil liabilities outside the Offshore Voluntary Disclosure Program potentially include:
- The tax, accuracy-related penalties, and, if applicable, the failure-to-file and failure-to-pay penalties, plus interest, as described above,
- FBAR penalties totaling up to $3,825,000 for willful failures to file complete and correct FBARs (2007 - $575,000, 2008 - $600,000, 2009 - $625,000, 2010 - $650,000, and 2011 - $675,000, and 2012 - $700,000),
- The potential of having the fraud penalty (75 percent) apply, and
- The potential of substantial additional information return penalties if the foreign financial account is held through a foreign entity such as a trust or corporation and required information returns were not filed.
Case Resolution in the OVDP Process
Assuming the taxpayers and the service can successfully negotiate all of the above twists and turns, the case will be resolved by a written agreement known as a closing agreement. The taxpayer will pay all taxes, interest, and penalties. In addition they will agree to abide by the tax laws going forward, and the matter will be resolved. As previously mentioned to date, $6.5 billion of tax revenue has been collected under the OVDP process and its predecessor programs. If an agreement cannot be reached, the taxpayer has the right to opt out of the program as discussed in the next section.
Questions about the OVDP process? Please give our office a call.


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I've just returned from a long weekend in Bologna, Italy, and there I learnt that the word baloney in baloney sandwich is named after the town, or rather, the sausage that was first made in Bologna.
Baloney sandwich is not a well-known term in the UK, but here there is a sausage called polony, and that word, too, comes from the word Bologna.
We use the word baloney, also spelt boloney, a lot in the UK, but it means 'poppycock' or 'nonsense'. The OED says that the link with Bologna is 'conjectural', but Jonathon Green in his Dictionary of Slang refers to Ramon Adams, author of Western Words, who says that Bologna bulls are animals of inferior quality, whose meat is used to make Bologna sausage. Presumably people found the sausages inferior or 'rubbish' too, and the nonsense sense perhaps comes from this connection. Eric Partridge in A Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English has a different theory. He thinks that boloney/baloney comes from the Romany word pelone, meaning testicles, and refers to the analogy of balls, which is slang for both testicles and nonsense.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I need to update the Notes field in my table tblMain by concatenating the text data with the Notes field in my secondary table tblSecond by matching the ID field in both tables.
I was using the following SQL:
UPDATE tblMain
SET tblMain.Notes = (tblMain.Notes + (SELECT DISTINCT Notes FROM tblSecond
WHERE tblSecond.ID = tblMain.ID))
but I get the following error
Subquery returned more than 1 value.
presumably because the SELECT statement is returning an entire resultset.
How would I perform this operation successfully?
share|improve this question
I just tried it again using a MERGE MERGE INTO tblMain USING ( SELECT ID, notes FROM tblSecond ) Second ON (Second.ID = tblMain.ID) WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET tblMain.Notes = tblMain.Notes + Second.notes but I get a similar error: The MERGE statement attempted to UPDATE or DELETE the same row more than once. This happens when a target row matches more than one source row. A MERGE statement cannot UPDATE/DELETE the same row of the target table multiple times. Refine the ON clause to ensure a target row matches at most one source row, or use the GROUP BY clause. – mechaman64 Jun 28 '12 at 10:47
I assume in the tblSecond table you can have multiple notes for a single record in tblMain? In other words, it may be possible to concatenate multiple records from tblSecond into a single tblMain record? – LittleBobbyTables Jun 28 '12 at 10:48
If there are two rows in Second that correspond to one row in Main, are you looking to concatenate both rows into Main? – Triple Gilaman Jun 28 '12 at 10:50
2 Answers 2
up vote 1 down vote accepted
It will handle if subquery returns more than 1 value.
UPDATE tblmain
SET tblmain.notes = ( tblmain.notes
 + (SELECT DISTINCT notes +''
 FROM tblsecond
 WHERE tblsecond.id = tblmain.id
 FOR xml path ('')) )
share|improve this answer
This works perfectly - thanks! – mechaman64 Jun 28 '12 at 14:05
If the subquery returns more than 1 value, it means that tblSecond contains more than 1 entry for the corresponding ID. So I would suggest to first check your data.
The update itself can also be written using the from clause, something like this (untested)
update tblMain
 set Notes = a.Notes + b.Notes
 tblMain a
 inner join tblSecond b on a.Id = b.Id
share|improve this answer
tblMain will have the only last value that was concatenated to notes. – Romil Jun 28 '12 at 10:59
_USER_ thanks for pointing out. – mfussenegger Jun 28 '12 at 11:02
either correct the post or delete because it will create confusion for other readers. it will help you to avoid downvoting also. – Romil Jun 28 '12 at 14:07
Your Answer


Kitchen learning tower vs step stool
Meet your new best friend; the toddler learning tower.
Hold on a second. Do you mean this weird step stool looking piece of furniture with hand-rails?
Yup, that's the one!
Do I still need that "learning stool" if I already have a good ol' step-stool lying around the house?
Well, that's going to depend on how much time you have on your hands to keep making sure your kid is staying safe up on a stool for extended periods of time.
At our house there isn't too much time to spare at meal time, so we need accessories that keep our kids busy AND safe. The kitchen learning tower does just that, and more!
Learning tower in the kitchen
What is a toddler learning tower?
A kitchen helper tower (or learning tower) is nothing more than a step stool with a guard rail around the top step to keep you little one safe.
Over time, the learning stool has evolved. Many models now come with additional accessories such as a chalkboard, whiteboard, an easel, paper and pencil holders and more.
The design also varies between the different brands. Learning towers also come in a variety of shapes and sizes. Some learning stools even fold flat or convert into a table and chair. They are awesome.
Learning tower in the kithcen (1)
What is the purpose of a learning tower?
A learning tower has two main purposes. It raises your toddler up to counter height and it keeps them contained in a safe area so they don't fall over.
When your child reaches a certain age, they will want to (or demand to) see everything you are doing. The reality is that parents spend a ton of time in the kitchen preparing meals and cleaning up after them so kids want to know what we are doing up there, and they also want to participate.
With a learning tower you can have your kids help with the dishes, meals, wash their own hands and even do arts and craft together while standing. There are so many activities that can be done together with a Montessori learning tower.
learning tower vs step stool
Can I use a step stool instead of a kitchen learning tower?
Yes you can use a step stool instead of a kitchen helper tower but you will likely have a hard time doing anything with your toddler on a step stool. At least I did.
The step stool only does one part of the job, it brings your little one to the counter. What it doesn't do is free you to do other things. If you want to have peace of mind and actually get dinner on the table without the screaming (or a falling child), you need a learning tower.
In Conclusion
Using a step stool to keep your child busy will not solve all your problems. A kitchen helper tower will certainly give your child the safety he needs. It also provides you, the parent, the peace of mind you are looking for.
There are countless ways to keep your child happy on a kitchen learning tower while they learn new skills and get to see everything you do to keep the house running. It's a win-win-win!


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Signal conditioning for the recursive least-squares filter in ultrasonic testing of materials
This work aims to enhance the filtering performance of the recursive least-squares adaptive algorithm in the ultrasonic testing of materials by processing the primary input of the filter to improve the correlation properties of the signal and noise and enhance the adaptation and filtering process. The preprocessing is carried out using the SURE and universal threshold methods, which were originally used in wavelet denoising. The standard and proposed realisations of the recursive least-squares filter were applied to process simulated ultrasonic grain noise signals and the echo signals of experimental defects. Preprocessing using the SURE method did not offer good results in the simulation study. The results of the simulation and experimental studies showed that the proposed configuration of the recursive least-squares filter using the universal method performs better than the standard recursive least-squares filter.
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Publication date: November 1, 2017
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text: Participatory budgeting is a method used by city governments to select public projects to fund based on residents' votes. Many cities use participatory budgeting at a district level. Typically, a budget is divided among districts proportionally to their population, and each district holds an election over local projects and then uses its budget to fund the projects most preferred by its voters. However, district-level participatory budgeting can yield poor social welfare because it does not necessarily fund projects supported across multiple districts. On the other hand, decision making that only takes global social welfare into account can be unfair to districts: A social-welfare-maximizing solution might not fund any of the projects preferred by a district, despite the fact that its constituents pay taxes to the city. Thus, we study how to fairly maximize social welfare in a participatory budgeting setting with a single city-wide election. We propose a notion of fairness that guarantees each district at least as much welfare as it would have received in a district-level election. We show that, although optimizing social welfare subject to this notion of fairness is NP-hard, we can efficiently construct a lottery over welfare-optimal outcomes that is fair in expectation. Moreover, we show that, when we are allowed to slightly relax fairness, we can efficiently compute a fair solution that is welfare-maximizing, but which may overspend the budget.


text:
More information: Otten, Pinto, Paffen, Seth & Kanai (in press). The Uniformity Illusion: Central stimuli can determine peripheral perception. Psychological Science
Four examples of the uniformity illusion with motion as an example.
- Open the video fullscreen.
- Keep your eyes fixated on the centre of the screen for a good amount of time (tens of seconds to minutes).
- In the first two examples the central stimuli are present from the start, in the latter two the central stimuli appear after a while. The first and the third example contain no fixation spot, the second and the fourth do. Some people find that the illusion works better without a fixation spot, but you can try out which works best for yourself.
- The fifth example is similar to the third, but now all the motion is much slower.
For more information, see the text below the examples.
In all examples the dots in the periphery rotate four times as fast as the central dots, but all dots seem to be going at the same speed after a while. When the central stimuli appear later (in the latter two examples), it leads, for some people, to a more dramatic effect. Now the peripheral stimuli abruptly appear to slow down. In the last example there can be some strange effects, because now the central motion is very slow. Again the peripheral motion is four times faster than the central motion. When the centre is empty, the periphery can be seen to move slowly and smoothly. However, when the central moving dots appear, the whole screen sometimes seems to become static. The peripheral motion can seem jerky at moments, as if it stops and goes.


text:
In our blog, lion's whiskers, we refer to six different types of courage that we believe if you'd like to watch an inspirational example of physical courage, read. Some of the courage in the novel were displays of physical courage to kill a mockingbird, an essay on the book, 'how to kill a mockingbird', in this essay you. Scout and jem learn from atticus a very traditional sense of courage and masculinity one of the first examples of physical courage atticus sets is when he steps. It is curious that physical courage should be so common in the world and moral courage so rare a large body of research has discussed the issue of moral courage, but there is a lack of mind in action: essay on the philosophy of mind.
Courage may be manifest as: valor and bravery - often called physical courage read this essay on courage recall a time when you knew. Living fearlessly is also about being courageous (a row boat), and being physically, emotionally and spiritually vulnerable with strangers. In several circumstances, macbeth's courage is limited to physical nature, not emotional or mental in the opening scenes, we see that macbeth. Pain of spite in proceeding means it cost, or, difficulties life's of face the in strength summoning is courage risk or sometimes, horrors, life's moral and physical.
Free essay: to kill a mockingbird, is a fictional novel, written by harper lee, that make connections to historical events including her life in the 1930's. As warfare can be both physical and spiritual, a focus on courage is /12/20/ yeonpyeong-island-and-fort-sumter-an-essay-on-provocation. Free courage papers, essays, and research papers in the same way, red describes both the soldiers' physical wounds and fleming's mental visions of battle. Physical courage boo radley in to kill a mockingbird had the courage to face his fears of society to go outside and save scout and jem from.
We probably all have an idea of what we mean by courage, or bravery as it is the physical effects of adrenaline include cold, clammy skin, as the blood is. Most often we associate the word with physical prowess or bravery it's called moral courage - the willingness to face not physical danger but emotional pain,. Many aspects of courage are shown in to kill a mockingbird there are examples of physical courage, such as atticus facing the rabid dog. Beginning with aristotle philosophers have analyzed physical courage and this essay introduces the concept of psychological courage and argues that it. Our acts of moral courage defend america as surely as any act of of what war is and what kind of courage it takes — physical courage, full.
Physical courage is the type of courage that often comes to mind when we think about this virtue stories of brave soldiers charging up a hill. It's important to mention that courage is quite often portrayed in various movies and books as physical bravery what is more, it is associated. Younger characters, like jem and scout, see the physical aspect of it, whereas atticus believes this to be an extremely weak form of courage he believes in the.
March 2017 the st patrick school sixth grade students once again participated in the max warburg courage curriculum, inc essay contest. And real life the essay on courage includes types of courage frequently it is the ability to bear sufferings including physical pain so, what is courage. Courage is the choice and willingness to confront agony, pain, danger, uncertainty, or intimidation physical courage is bravery in the face of physical pain,.


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A Geologic Odyssey: From Field Curiosity About Nodules to Technical Abstract
Developing geologic ideas about fault-related calcium-carbonate nodules, progress toward better understanding of natural phenomena
By Dave Love and Mike Whitworth
Observations of calcium-carbonate-cemented sandstone nodules adjacent to fault scarps south of Albuquerque leads to asking: What is the origin of these nodules?
Cemented nodules weathering from carbonate-coated sand down-gradient from fault
(locality 1 of geologic stetting)
(click image to zoom)
Cemented tubular sandstone suggesting horizontal fingered flow
(nodule 2)
(click image to zoom)
Cemented sandstone suggesting anastomosing three-dimensional flow
(nodule 3)
(click image to zoom)
Cemented tubular sandstone with calcified root mat preservation
(nodule 1)
(click image to zoom)
Organizing the Odyssey:
 1. Definitions
 2. Geologic setting
 3. Field observations
 4. Laboratory observations
 5. Hypothesis
 6. Using the hypothesis to develop a semi-quantitative model to test the hypothesis
 7. Discussion and variations
 8. Abstract
 9. References


Quick Answer: Do Quarterbacks Lift Weights?
Is 225 bench press good?
How long do football players workout a day?
What muscles make you throw a football farther?
Muscles Involved in Throwing These muscles include the pectoralis major and the rotator cuff muscles. Other muscles involved are those of the upper arm, the triceps and biceps; the muscles of the forearm and wrist; and the latissimus dorsi to a lesser extent.
Who has the weakest arm in the NFL?
Matt CasselMatt Cassel. The weakest arm among the starting NFL quarterbacks belongs to Kansas City Chiefs' passer Matt Cassel.
How do football players get big?
What muscles do quarterbacks use?
Football Quarterback – Core Strength: Not only does a football quarterback need a strong upper body for throwing and sustaining hard hits but he must also have a strong core. The back, abs, hips, and glutes are essential for a football quarterbacks durability as well as throwing velocity and speed.
Does Aaron Rodgers lift weights?
Poli says of Rodgers, "his strength is already off the chats." He estimates that Rodgers can bench press over 300 pounds.
Why do QBS lift their leg?
Some teams have a center look between his legs and then they go off the foot. So all the leg-raising is snap count in the shotgun when you're on the road." Quarterbacks also lift their legs to signal for a player to go in motion.
How often do football players lift weights?
On both the college and professional levels, most teams have at least two lifting regimens a week during the season. NFL players are weighed weekly to make sure they maintain their ideal playing weight, and pumping iron is a key component to ensure their hard-earned muscles aren't wasting away.
Should quarterbacks bench press?
When it comes to strength training, you might not think that one of the quarterback's most essential lifts would be the bench press exercise. However, it is absolutely essential for them to do some form of bench press because the improved development of the chest muscles will protect the collar bone and the sternum.


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Department of Defence seeks industry feedback on draft AIC Enhanced Contractual Framework
by ANZDD on 02-Oct-2020
The Department of Defence is seeking industry feedback on an enhanced Australian Industry Capability (AIC) Contractual Framework.
The Draft AIC Enhanced Contractual Framework and related supporting artefacts are intended to provide specific and measurable AIC commitments that promote greater accountability for achieving the AIC objectives.
Defence has changed the approach for AIC from a 'one-size-fits-all' approach across its acquisition and sustainment contracting templates to a more flexible and scalable approach. This approach enables greater alignment with the unique aspects of each procurement, and is consistent with the view of defence industry as one of the fundamental inputs to capability.
The changes to be introduced by the new framework are directed at:
- better achieving Government's and Defence's requirements for maximising opportunities for Australian industry to participate in each procurement, while also recognising the core role of industry in delivering ADF Capability; and
- strengthening the contractual terms to ensure that these requirements are achieved through revised tendering processes and the inclusion of specific and measurable contractual commitments to enhance accountability.
Under the new framework, the key enhancements are to elevate AIC as a "core" clause with strengthened AIC obligations that contractors must comply with under contracts. To complement these obligations a new AIC remediation regime will be introduced.
The enhanced contractual framework will not be applied retrospectively. Defence will adopt a phased implementation approach across the ASDEFCON template suite from 1 January 2021.
The first package of draft documents (the AIC core package) is now available for consultation and comprises:
- updated Conditions of Tender, Conditions of Contract (and Glossary), and Statement of Work
- new Australian Contract Expenditure Measurement Rules
- extracts from relevant artefacts which describe the enhanced framework
What is the Australian Industry Capability Program?
The Australian Industry Capability (AIC) Program is designed to meet key objectives of the 2016 Defence and Industry Policy Statement (DIPS). In accordance with the DIPS, the AIC Program aims to:
- Provide opportunities for Australian companies to compete on merit for defence work within Australia and overseas.
- Influence foreign prime contractors and original equipment manufacturers, including Australian subsidiaries, to deliver cost-effective support.
- Facilitate transfer of technology and access to appropriate intellectual property rights.
- Encourage investment in Australian industry.
How do I give feedback?
All feedback should be sent to [email protected] using the ASDEFCON AIC Enhancements Feedback Log.
Source: Defence Comms


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This post contains reasons why you should not laminate certificates and other documents, am sure it will convince you not to ever laminate certificates & documents again.
I was reading through some posts on Nairaland when I saw a question asked by a Nairalander, he wanted to know the "effects of lamination of certificates?" Then, I decided to write about the major disadvantages why you should not laminate certificates and other vital documents.
What Is Lamination?
Lamination is a process whereby thin layers of transparent polythene nylon is joined together to protect paper documents such as certificates, results, testimonials etc.
Why Do People Laminate Certificates?
Here are some important reasons why people seem to laminate their certificates/documents below…
1. Lamination protects paper materials from getting damaged by fluid, dust/dirts, grease and hampered edges.
2. It's believed that lamination elongates the life span of important document like certificates, results and so on.
3. It improves the strength, quality and appearance of the product.
There are more to it but those are the most important reasons why people often opt in for a lamination. A lot of people make believe what isn't supposed to be true. However, laminating certificates, pictures and other paper materials isn't utterly advantageous, there are cons attached to it. Below are reasons you should not laminate certificates & other documents.
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READ: 12 Things You Never Knew About Setting Up A Strong Password


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Teacher Performance Appraisal for Experienced Teacher – APS003
Reviewed/Revised: September 2015
The Waterloo Catholic District School Board believes the primary aim of a staff appraisal process is to ensure the professional growth of each of its teachers through recognition of professional achievement and positive contributions to the system. To assist experienced teachers in the successful achievement of their goals the Board is committed to the use of the Performance Appraisal of Experienced Teachers (2007) issued by the Ministry of Education.
Evaluation within the Board is based on the following assumptions:
- Educators within the system are competent.
- Educators want to increase their professional effectiveness.
- Educators wish to be involved in a co-operative evaluation process as part of a professional learning community.
The performance appraisal system for an experienced teacher applies to members of teachers' bargaining units as defined in Part X.1 of the Education Act and temporary teachers. It is not applicable to teachers new to the profession as of 2006, occasional teachers, continuing education teachers, supervisory officers, administrators, or instructors in teacher-training institutions.


How to Email Multiple Files Using a ZIP File
Sending lots of files over email is much easier with a ZIP file
What to Know
 - Select the files you want to send, right-click one of them, and Send to > Compressed (zipped) folder.
 - Name the file, as prompted.
 - Email the ZIP file as you would any other file.
This article describes how to make and send ZIP files in Windows.
How to Create and Send ZIP files
 1. Select the files and/or folders you want to compress. They'll become highlighted to show that they've been selected. Right-click one of the selected items and go to Send to > Compressed (zipped) folder.
 To include files in different locations in the same ZIP file, include just one to start with. Then, drag and drop the rest of the files into the ZIP file. You can drop them in one at a time or several at once.
 2. Name the file something descriptive so that the recipient understands at a glance what the folder contains. For example, if the ZIP file holds vacation images, name it something like Vacation Pics 2021, not something obscure such as the files you wanted or photos.
 Screenshot showing how to rename a ZIP file in Windows 10
 Renaming a ZIP File in Windows 10.
 To rename the file, right-click the ZIP file and choose Rename.
 3. Attach and send the file in your email client just as you would any other file.
 For example, in
 1. Click New message or Reply, whichever's appropriate.
 2. Click the paperclip (attachment) button at the bottom of the message.
 3. Select Browse this computer.
 4. Click the ZIP file you created.
 5. Click Open > Attach as a copy.
You also can use third-party programs such as 7-Zip, PeaZip, and Keka to make and send ZIP files.
If the ZIP file is too large to send over email, upload it to OneDrive first and then send the recipient a link to download it.
About ZIP Files
ZIP files are much like folders, except they act like files. You can put all the files you want to send into this special file, and your email client will treat it as any other file. In this way, only one file (the ZIP file) is sent. When the recipient receives your email, they can open the ZIP file to see all the files and folders you sent within it.
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text:
These red prawns come from fisheries managed strictly by the Argentinian government. They have a variable fishing season, with limitations in the number of vessels according to the situation in each fishing zone and catch area.
- Scientific name: Pleoticus muelleri
- Origin: Argentina
- Flavour: Slightly salty
- Characteristics: Soft prawns, white meat with a red structure
- Availability: Seasonal fishing, available all year round


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How many words in a speech. How Many Words are in a Five 2022-11-09
How many words in a speech Rating:
The number of words in a speech can vary greatly depending on the purpose and length of the presentation. A short speech might be a few hundred words, while a longer keynote address could be several thousand words. Ultimately, the most important consideration is not the specific number of words, but whether the speech effectively communicates its message to the audience.
One way to determine the appropriate length for a speech is to consider the time allotted for the presentation. For example, if you have 20 minutes to speak, it may not be feasible to deliver a speech that is several thousand words long. On the other hand, if you have an hour or more to speak, you may be able to include more content and use more words.
Another factor to consider is the audience and the topic of the speech. If the topic is complex or technical, it may be necessary to use more words to fully explain the concepts and ideas being presented. On the other hand, if the topic is more straightforward or familiar to the audience, you may be able to use fewer words to get your point across.
Ultimately, the key to a successful speech is to find the right balance between the number of words and the time allotted for the presentation. By carefully considering the purpose of the speech, the audience, and the topic, you can determine the appropriate number of words to use to effectively communicate your message.
How Many Words Should Be in My Speech? (Based on Number of Minutes)
See all the 5 exercises to develop an adaptive speaking rate Tips taken from 1. These estimates use the average speaking pace of 150 words per minute to estimate. A tip is to divide your 750 words into the points you want to impart. By preparing in this way, you can deliver a powerful and effective presentation that will leave your audience impressed. How Do You Estimate How Many Words You Speak Per Minute? Rate of Speech Speed can be calculated in words per minute wpm just like the typing speed. Get to the stage where you no longer require anything gradually. A 32-minute speech should contain between 4000 and 6400 words.
Resultedly, you would cover between 625 to 750 words per minute if you were to write a speech.. A 37-minute speech should contain between 4625 and 7400 words. If you can record yourself, do so. How minutes is 1,500 words? There are 9,000 words in a 1-hour speech. It is easy to get tired of listening to your voice as you get closer to five minutes. Thus, they will remain engaged on what else you have to say.
How Many Words is a 5 Minute Speech? — Word Counter
If you speak at an average speed between: 1200 — 1600 words. How Many Words in a 19-minute speech? There is no tried and true method to get the exact number of minutes it will take you to do a speech except to practice. If you do too many words, you are in danger of repeating points that you have previously made and it will dilute the overall quality of the speech. How Many Words in a 35-minute speech? There are a few key steps you can take to propose something: In order to understand how proposals are created, it is helpful to understand the three main types of proposals. On average if the font is plain, sans-serif, without embellishment, like Arial or Verdana, its size is set for 12px, and the line spacing is set for 1. There are many reasons why either option might be the best one, but ultimately it comes down to personal preference.
A 26-minute speech should contain between 3250 and 5200 words. How many words in an 8-minute speech? The average person speaks 125-150 WPM. A 3-minute speech should contain between 375 and 600 words. Citing concrete examples to prove a point is a persuasive method as well. Another is to get their permission firstthis will ensure that your proposal is truly theirs and not something they think is best for them.
How Many Words In A 10 Minute Speech? [A Word Count Guide]
A 51-minute speech should contain between 6375 and 10200 words. Build Career Skills Online Fast-track your career with award-winning courses and realistic practice. Read again incorporating your changes. Final Thoughts The significance of practice cannot be overstated. After some revision, practise it once more.
How Many Words Is A 4 Minute Speech And The Best Way To Prepare For It
Preparation Tips to Nail Your Speech Presentation Speaking is just talking, right? To help you with that, here are some pointers: 1. Most people can simply hear his voice, mid-speech, and know who is talking. Nowadays you can easily test your English Speaking Speed with TypingMaster's Free Speech Test above. Beyond the word count, being able to communicate the essence of your speech clearly and eloquently is more important. How Many Minutes is 6500 words? They cannot tell you are not looking at them, and it gives you the chance to look up from your notes without making you completely uncomfortable. Also included are some tips for any speaker. You can probably recognize the patterns of speech of famous actors or politicians.
Do you give a speech when you propose? What is your Speech Rate? How Many Words in a 36-minute speech? You should aim to write about 600 to 650 words in this section. A 43-minute speech should contain between 5375 and 8600 words. It will help you master your time You only have 3 minutes to impress your audience. Most expert speakers agree, preparing well can be your best protection against nervousness. What Is The Word Count For A 5 Minute Speech? Naturally this will slow down your speaking rate.
Try not to detract from the flow and coherence of your speech or from the essence of your message. You can use our. How minutes is 5,000 words? Introduction As always, your introduction should be the shortest part of your speech and should remain as concise as possible. How To Fix Voice Recognization Speed Test Problems? Should I really have to write more just because I speak fast? How Many Words in a 15-minute speech? If you are a fast speaker between: 3,200 - 4,000 words. How Many Words in a 46-minute speech? If what you have written is under 4 minutes, then you need to write more. If you speak at an average speed between: 720 — 960 words. Would it be fair to take the number above for a two-minute speech 250 and simply double it when giving a four-minute speech? How Many Minutes is 5500 words? How Many Minutes is 1500 words? If you limit the time or have a minimum amount of time it must be, then you are forcing the speech to be written to a time rather than being written for what needs to be said.
That is all you have to explain your product, tell your story, and convince them to buy it. This article will serve as your guide to writing a 10 minute speech with the appropriate word count. When it comes to three-minute speeches, you still have a limited time to give the information, but the audience gets more time to listen to the content. A 10-minute speech should contain between 1250 and 2000 words. Conclusion How Many Words Is A 3 Minute Speech Since the average number of words a person speaks per minute is 140 to 160, the average word count for a 3-minute speech is 450. How Many Minutes is 7750 words? The average reading speed is exactly as it sounds, it refers to how many words a person can typically read on average per minute.
A 38-minute speech should contain between 4750 and 7600 words. How Many Words in an 8-minute speech? This can be done through writing a proposal, or even just talking about your idea with someone else. With fewer words, you can say more. Many people believe that preparing a speech in advance is a waste of time. Regardless, the following estimations can help you get a good idea of how long it will take you to say a certain number of words based on your speaking speed—slow, medium, or fast. Scholastic gives some Avoid tongue-twisters or big words that are difficult to articulate in one breath. Speaking Speed Test NOTE: Please allow this page to access your Microphone after clicking the Start button.


text: Analysing Vietnam's rice export policy and recent export ban in the context of rising food prices, this study combines insights from a regionally-disaggregated or 'bottom-up' CGE model and a micro-simulation using household data. Three main conclusions are drawn. First, although there is little impact on GDP, there are substantial distributional impacts across regions and households from different export policies and market conditions. Second, both rural and urban households, including poor households, benefit from free trade, even though domestic rice prices are higher. Finally, under free trade, relatively large gains accrue to rural households, where poverty is most pervasive in Vietnam.


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Rural property numbering
Rural properties are identified using a standard numbering system called RAPID - Rural Address Property Identification. The major benefit of RAPID numbering is that it saves time locating properties and occupants - especially for emergency services (ambulance, fire service, police).
How RAPID works
Properties are given a unique number based on their distance along a road from its start point or intersection with another road.
The number given to a property is calculated by multiplying the number of kilometres that property is from the start point of the road by 100.
Numbers of the right side of the road are even, those on the left side are odd.
Ongoing maintenance
Ongoing maintenance and replacement of the numbers are your responsibility. You should also control roadside vegetation so that the number remains clearly visible to passing vehicles.
If you have any questions about maintenance or position of RAPID numbers please contact us via email.
If you are subdividing, a new RAPID number will only be required for any new entrance ways created and will only be issued upon request. The existing entrance way will retain the current RAPID number and new numbers will be allocated to any new lots utilising the existing entrance way. This is because the RAPID number is based on a measured distance along a road.
Apply for or replace a RAPID number
Numbers are allocated on request where a formed entrance exists, and are usually triggered by a building consent application. Alternatively you may apply for or request a replacement RAPID number by completing the online application form.
Place your RAPID plate close to your driveway, on a letterbox, gatepost or fence facing the road.
It's not possible to change the number on request, as it reflects the distance along the road. We cannot change the number without compromising the integrity of the numbering system.
Properties on a state highway
State highway roads in the Hastings District may also have a local name for a portion of the road e.g. Korokipo Rd, Links Rd etc. The numbering works the same way and retains continuity along the entire section of the state highway within the district.
Can my stockyard or packing shed have a RAPID number?
Yes. Council is able to provide a RAPID number to any property as long as it has a formed entrance.
Hastings District Council - Copyright © 2021 Hastings District Council
Disclaimers and Copyright
© Hastings District Council - / +64 6 _PHONE_ /


How to Keep Clean After Diarrhea
Toilet Paper Can Be Painful, But There Are Other Ways To Keep Clean
Squeeze bottle squirting water
Any type of a bottle that squirts water can be used to clean your bottom without hurting the skin further with paper. Image © George Diebold / Getty Images
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) presents many challenges to those who deal with the disease. One of the everyday problems that can be a real annoyance is how to keep the perianal skin (the skin around the anus) clean. Diarrhea, in particular, can present several different problems with keeping the bottom clean, especially when it is continuing and happening many times a day. Other complications such as fissures and fistulas can add to the discomfort.
Wiping with toilet paper, even if it's soft, can quickly result in raw and very painful skin.
What Are Some Options For Keeping Clean?
Most of us do not have access to one of the more advanced methods of cleaning a dirty bottom, which would be a bidet. A few of the other options to keep clean include getting in the bathtub and taking a shower or a bath, using wet wipes, or even washing with a damp cloth. Most of these include wiping, and if your bottom is sore, it probably won't be pleasant. However, another method that does not include any wiping at all could be as close as your medicine or kitchen cabinet.
A Squeeze Bottle To The Rescue
If you are experiencing pain in skin on your bottom and need a way to keep clean, you could try using a squeeze bottle full of warm water. Often these handy little bottles are offered to women after they have given birth, and are used for cleaning the perianal skin.
You could use any squeeze bottle you have on hand, such as those used for nasal irrigation (sometimes called neti pots), or even a water bottle with a "sports" cap on it.
Don't forget: you should label the bottle in some way, with indelible ink, to avoid this particular bottle being confused with one that could be used for drinking or for any other purpose.
This bottle should be designated just for use in cleaning up after a bowel movement.
Fill your bottle with warm water from the tap, and hold it below your bottom when you are finished with your bowel movement, but before you stand up. Squeeze the water anywhere it is needed, and the water will end up in the toilet, where you can just flush it away.
Once you are clean, you can dry off either by carefully blotting (not wiping!) the area with paper or with a soft towel. Another option is to use your blow dryer. Be extra careful if you use this method, and ensure that your hands are dry and that you are not getting the blow dryer in contact with water in any way.
Keeping Your Squeeze Bottle Clean
You will want to keep this bottle clean so that it doesn't end up with bacteria on it. Washing it in the bathroom sink with some dish soap should do the trick nicely. You could also wipe it down with antibacterial wipes. You might want to avoid washing the bottle in the kitchen sink so there's no chance of getting bathroom bacteria in the kitchen.
 To sanitize, first wash it with soap and water and then put it on the top rack of the dishwasher, as long as it's not made of the type of plastic that will melt in the heat.
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text:
Okay so.....
A mouse is running a donut-shaped track with equation:
(X-4)^2 + (Y-3)^2 = 4
At the same time a cat is running a coplanar intersecting opaque track with equation:
[(X-4)^2] ÷ 9 + [(Y-3)^2] ÷ 1 = 1
What are the four possible coordinates of the intersections (simultaneous solutions) where the mouse might catch the cat?
Thanks so much if you can help me out


text:
Change names of vehicles
Tools: VC GXT Editor
Tutorial author: FunGt
This tutorial explains how to change the names of the vehicles that appears when you get into any of them.
- Run GXT Editor and on File box insert the GXT file location, for example:
- If the path is correct, click Load and the file will be opened into the Editor.
- The vehicle names are located in MAIN and they are alphabetically ordered on the right box.
- Click on any vehicle name and in the bottom box will appear the name.
- Edit this name as you want, then click Apply and Save.
C:\Program Files\Rockstar Games\GTA Vice City\Text\american.gxt


Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English homepage
2 verb
assault2 [transitive]
1 to attack someone in a violent way:
Two men assaulted him after he left the bar.
sexually/indecently assault
He was found guilty of indecently assaulting a student.
2 literary if a feeling, sound, smell etc assaults you, it affects you in a way that makes you uncomfortable or upset:
The noises and smells of the market assaulted her senses.
3 to strongly criticize someone's ideas, plans etc
4 to try to do something very difficult:
a task force to assault the problems
Dictionary pictures of the day
Do you know what each of these is called?
Explore our topic dictionary


HE (high-efficiency) laundry detergents are specialized formulas made to use in HE washing machines. The main difference between a HE detergent and a regular one is the amount of suds. HE detergents produce less suds and are designed for the lower water environments of HE machines.
How can you tell if you have an HE washer? Does HE detergent actually work? Can you use non-HE detergent in HE machines? Read on to find out.
Do You Have a HE Washer that Needs High-Efficiency Detergent?
What does HE mean on laundry detergent?
If you're shopping for an HE detergent for your high-efficiency washer, look for the blue and white oval with the letters "h" and "e" surrounded by a white swirl on the label. It should be the same symbol you saw on your washer.
The HE symbol might be located on the front of the bottle, or on the reverse, near the washing instructions and ingredients. When you see HE on a laundry detergent bottle, you'll know that this detergent is designed for HE washing machines.
HE Detergent vs Regular Detergent: Which Should I Use?
There are various types of laundry detergent for the various types of washers, kind of like there are different types of fuel for different types of engines. Just as you wouldn't put gasoline in a diesel car or truck, you should only use HE detergent in a HE washer.
You're probably wondering, "can you use HE detergent in a regular, non-HE washing machine?" The answer to that is, yes! While you should not use regular detergent in a HE washer for the reasons stated above, it is fine to use HE detergent in a conventional washing machine. You should increase the amount you use since more water in the washer cycle will dilute the detergent further. And remember, don't expect as many suds! HE laundry detergents are low-sudsing by design.
HE detergent vs Ultra-Concentrated Laundry Detergent
While almost all detergents today are HE, only some have the added feature of being ultra-concentrated. Detergents with the HE symbol on the bottle are formulated for the low-sudsing, low-water environment of an HE machine. Ultra-concentrated laundry detergents can be used in regular, non-HE washing machines and in HE washers if they are also HE detergents.
Swash® Liquid Laundry Detergent is both HE and ultra-concentrated - it's an 8x detergent. What sets ultra-concentrated detergents apart is that they use less water in their formulation. Large bottles of laundry detergent are diluted with water, while concentrated laundry detergents contain less water and are less diluted. As a result, you don't need to use as much detergent in every load to get the same cleaning performance.
Since ultra-concentrated detergents will be combined with water inside your washing machine, they don't need to dilute the detergent inside the bottle. By reducing the water and concentrating the detergent, you can have a smaller bottle that is easier to ship, pour, and store, taking up less room in your laundry area.
Can I Use Swash® Laundry Detergent in an HE Washer?
Choosing HE or Concentrated Laundry Detergent


text:
E. Cobham Brewer _PHONE_. Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 1898.
A species of limestone, used for building, and found in the Lower Oolite, in Wiltshire and Somersetshire. It is easily wrought in the quarry, but hardens on exposure to the air. Called Bath stone because several of the quarries are near Bath, in Somersetshire.


text:
External Treatment Effects and Program Implementation Bias
NBER Technical Working Paper No. 250
This paper discusses the definition and identification of external treatment effects and experimental designs capable of detecting these effects. External effects occur when the outcome of a given individual is affected by the treatment assignments of other individuals. The paper argues that two-stage randomization schemes, which randomize allocation of treatments across communities and randomizes the treatments themselves within communities, are useful for identifying private and external treatment effects. The importance of external treatment effects are illustrated in the context of several health economics applications: the impact of R&D subsidies, smoking prevention programs for youth, and the evaluation of HIV-prevention programs currently taking place in Africa.
Document Object Identifier (DOI): 10.3386/t0250
Users who downloaded this paper also downloaded these:


text:
- Atomizer redirects here. For the Big Black album of the same name, see Atomizer (album)
is conversion of bulk liquid into a spray or mist (i.e. collection of drops), often by passing the liquid through a nozzle. Despite the name, it does not imply that the particles are reduced to atomic sizes.
An atomizer is an atomization apparatus; carburetors, airbrushes, misters, and spray bottles are only a few examples of atomizers used ubiquitously. In internal combustion engines, fine-grained fuel atomization is instrumental to efficient combustion.
In some manufacturing process, one may produce a fine powder by spraying molten or dissolved materials through an atomizer and solidifying the droplets.


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Suppose that two persons, A and B, died in a common disaster. B was the child of A and stood to receive some or all of A's property at A's death. Yet B (and, in turn, B's successors) would only be so entitled if B survived A, at least for an instant. How was a court to determine whether B so survived? This article explores the answers in England and America from 1766 to 2006. Commissioned for a book on The Law of Presumptions: Essays in Comparative Legal History, the article examines the history of the presumptions in Anglo-American law that govern survivorship. The article uses treatises, cases, and legislative records to shed new light on the history, and to explore the resistance at common law to any presumption on the matter - a resistance that was only overcome by legislation in the twentieth century.
Thursday, December 3, 2009
Gallanis on Death by Disaster: Anglo-American Presumptions, _PHONE_
Posted by Mary L. Dudziak
Death by Disaster: Anglo-American Presumptions, _PHONE_ has just been posted by Thomas P. Gallanis, University of Iowa. It appears in THE LAW OF PRESUMPTIONS: ESSAYS IN COMPARATIVE LEGAL HISTORY, R.H. Helmholz & W.D.H. Sellar eds. (2009). Here's the abstract:


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JELTA closes its 10th English conference with a burst of new spirit
The Johor English Language Teaching Association (JELTA) concluded their 10th English Conference at New York Hotel, Johor Bahru on the 29th July 2019, on a high note with special guest renowned author and activist, Datin Paduka Marina Mahathir and Setiawangsa MP Nik Nazmi.
Also present at the closing ceremony were the Deputy Head of Academic Sector Johor State Education Department, Shahilon Abd Halim, JELTA President, Vincent D'Silva, teachers, students and other guests.
Parallel to the conference's theme of "Multiple Perspectives in the Teaching and Learning of English as a Second Language", Marina in her special address as an author, columnist and social activist, told her story on how going back to learning creative writing formally helped her discover the need to be critical on what we have consumed daily. She also encouraged teachers to pass on the importance to read and write, taking examples of how the world gets to know popular countries like China and India because of the books that were written by their local authors.
Nik Nazmi brought up the importance of learning and teaching the English language to equip teachers, tutors, and anyone who are in charge to teach or lead in the language department and most importantly for the next generation. He cited that the English language has remained the main medium of communication including educational materials like journals, periodicals, text books and many more. Taking example from neighbouring country, Singapore, he talked about the importance to strengthen the core of national school's education and becoming the first choice for parents to enroll their children into.
One plenary and 2 workshop were held on the final day of the conference and it officially closed after a session of group photography and handing out the token of appreciation to the special invited guests.


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Honor Orchestra Mission Statement: The Honor Orchestra selection process seeks to recognize and honor quality musicianship in the performance of advanced literature at the highest level. Showcasing the quality teaching these exemplars represent promotes the growth and development of orchestra programs throughout Texas.
In 1960, Austin High School (El Paso), under the leadership of George Webber, became the first "Honor Orchestra" selected through competitive process. The purpose of Honor Band/Honor Orchestra was two-fold. Many educators believed that through the process of hearing and observing the results of quality teaching, directors could develop their own instructional skills to a higher level. In addition, selection of an honor orchestra recognized communities and school systems that successfully supported music in education through their instrumental music programs.
Through the years participation has been active and the recognition of exemplary programs through the honor orchestra selection process has become a highly sought after goal by many directors. As a result, the quality of honor groups has remained high and the original purpose of growth and development through observation of superior teaching and performance has been addressed annually and maintains its validity. Teachers throughout the state have had the opportunity to learn from master teachers by attending honor orchestra adjudication, performances, and director clinics.
While the original rules and regulations for the selection of honor orchestras have been refined on several occasions, the intent of those policies has remained intact. Ultimately, it is the responsibility of the participating director and administration of the school involved to maintain the integrity of the honor orchestra process. In order for the selection system to accomplish its purpose, all involved must honestly adhere to the established procedures and share responsibility for maintaining high ethical standards. Furthermore, to remain educationally sound, preparation and participation must be consistent with worthwhile educational goals that do not exploit students or the system.
- Divisions & Regions
- Job Services
- Mentoring Network
- Texas All-State
- Texas Future Music Educators
- Texas Music Scholars
- Distinguished Administrator Award
- Music Industry
- Music Education in the Law
- Music Education Advocacy
- Teaching Resources
- Southwestern Musician
- Texas Music Education Research
- TMEA Policies


Skip to definition.
Verb: vex veks
 1. Cause annoyance in; disturb, especially by minor irritations
 "Mosquitoes buzzing in my ear really vexes me";
 - annoy, rag, get to, bother, get at, irritate, rile, nark [Brit], nettle, gravel [US], chafe, devil
 2. Disturb the peace of mind of; afflict with mental agitation or distress
 "I cannot sleep--my daughter's health is vexing me";
 - worry
 3. Change the arrangement or position of
 - agitate, disturb, commove, shake up, stir up, raise up
 4. Subject to prolonged examination, discussion, or deliberation
 "vex the subject of the death penalty"
 5. Be confusing or perplexing to; cause to be unable to think clearly
 "a vexing problem";
 - confuse, throw, fox, befuddle, fuddle, bedevil, confound, discombobulate, perplex, stick, get, puzzle, mystify, baffle, beat, pose, bewilder, flummox, stupefy, nonplus, gravel, dumbfound
Derived forms: vexes, vexed, vexing
Type of: be, cark, debate, deliberate, disorder, displace, displease, disquiet, distract, move, perturb, trouble, unhinge
Encyclopedia: Vex, Switzerland


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||This article needs more links to other articles to help integrate it into the encyclopedia. (December 2012)|
In the context of software or information modeling, a happy path is a default scenario featuring no exceptional or error conditions, and comprises the sequence of activities executed if everything goes as expected. For example, the "happy path" for a function validating credit card numbers would be where none of the validation rules raise an error, thus letting execution continue successfully to the end, generating a positive response.
Process steps for a happy path are also used in the context of a use case. In contrast to the happy path, process steps for alternate paths and exception paths may also be documented.
Happy path testing is a well-defined test case using known input, which executes without exception and produces an expected output.
Happy day scenario and Golden path are synonyms for happy path.
|This computer programming-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|


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Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Torbat-e-Heydarieh, Torbat-e-Heydarieh, Iran
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
In this paper, ongoing studies to investigate nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODE) are extended by presenting a new concept in non-dimensionalization process. This concept is illustrated with a practical example of nonlinear ODEs, which cannot reliably solve using the numerical methods. In this paper, two perturbation techniques are used to solve the problem. Effect of varying the dimensionless initial displacement on the accuracy of solution is investigated. It is shown that if the process of non-dimensionalizing is done appropriately, the calculated results will be extremely accurate. Moreover, a new concept called ″behavior of results″ is proposed to find accurate results.


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Simple Batik Instructions
Batik Instructions for Soy Wax
By: Colorado Wholesale Dye
These are simple instructions with soy wax and pipettes. This method won't work with other waxes as they have higher melting points and require other methods of removal. The proper way to batik is with a batik pen (a Tjanting Tool) but this works just as well if you don't have one available.
What you need:
-Soy Wax -Dye
-Pipettes -Dye Fixer (Soda Ash)
- Melt the wax. Soy wax has a low melting point so it can be melted in the microwave or in a double boiler with some hot water.
2. Apply the wax to your fabric using a pipette. Use caution and gloves as Pipette will get hot from the wax and you don't want to get burned!
(Tip: Make sure to put cardboard or something between the fabric otherwise the wax will soak through and create a resist on the other side of the fabric as well)
3. Wait for the wax to dry completely.
4.Soak the fabric in dye fixer. Use warm water, but not too hot. If the water is to hot it could re-melt the wax and mess up your design.
5. Ring the fabric out and tie it up in the design you wish to achieve.
6. Dye the fabric and then let it sit for anywhere from 3 hours to 24 hours. The length of time you let it sit affects how easy the fabric is to wash out. The longer it is left alone the less loose dye will flow out and the shorter it will be to wash out.
7. Rinse the fabric under COLD running water. Keep rinsing until the water is flowing clear and all the loose dye is washed out.
8. When all the loose dye is rinsed out run the fabric under HOT running water. This will melt the wax and wash it away from the fabric. Do NOT rub the wax to help get it off, this will just spread the wax around and muddy up the design. Just let the hot water run over it and it will all wash away.
9. When the wax is all washed away, wash and dry the fabric as normal.


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C++ concepts: MoveConstructible (since C++11)
Specifies that an instance of the type can be move-constructed (moved). This means that type has move semantics: that is, can transfer its internal state to a new instance of the same type potentially minimizing the overhead.
The type must meet
CopyConstructible requirements and/or implement the following functions:
Type::Type( Type&& other );
Type::Type( const Type&& other );
|(One of the variants is sufficient)|
Move constructor: constructs an instance of a type with the contents of
other. The internal state of
other is unspecified after the move. However, it must still be valid, that is, no invariants of the type are broken.
The following expressions must have the specified effects:
|Type a = rv;|| |
|Type(rv);|| a temporary object of type |
 See also
| checks if a type has a move constructor |


text: Ni is the most frequent cause of contact allergy induced by metals. However, the underlying mechanism of this induction is unknown. Our previous research demonstrates that activation of dendritic cells (DCs) through p38MAPK/MKK6 is required for Ni-induced allergy in mice. In the current study, we investigated the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying Ni-induced allergy using a mouse model that involves injecting Ni into the ear, with or without Freund's incomplete or complete adjuvants. Nickel had greater potential to cause allergic reactions compared with palladium and gold. Among the proteins expressed at higher levels in mice with Ni-induced allergy, we focused on thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), which is produced in abundance by keratinocytes. We detected increased expression of the TSLP receptor (TSLPR) in DCs from cervical lymph nodes of mice with Ni-induced allergy, suggesting that DCs in ear tissues were activated through TSLPR signaling induced by keratinocyte-derived TSLP. Furthermore, delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions in mice with Ni-induced allergy were decreased significantly by injection of a Tslp-short interfering RNA along with atelocollagen in the ear skin. These results suggest that Ni allergy may be triggered by a TSLP/TSLPR-mediated interaction between epithelial and immune cells.


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nbox repair tool or Scanpst.exe is provided with MS Outlook program utility that helps in fixing or repairing problems of PST file corruption. Outlook stores important email, calendars, notes, journals and many such important data. However if outlook users are unable to access or send emails, it may be due to PST file corruption. If ignored it can result in complete loss of Outlook data. Thus it is advised to fix this issue by running inbox repair tool or Scanpst.exe utility.
In order to run inbox repair tool, Outlook users may use the following steps:
1. Firstly, click on the start button and then select the Find or search button.
2. It is advised to type the Scanpst.exe in the search field and press Find button.
3. Once the Scanpst.exe or inbox repair tool appears as search result, proceed further by double clicking it.
4. After opening the inbox repair tool application, select and navigate to the the PST file to be scanned. One has to wait for some time till the scanning process is in progress.
5. It may take time if the PST file is large in size.
6. However, if you are unable to repair the corruption using this utility, try third party PST repair software to scan and repair such PST corruption.
Posted 491 dy ago


Red & White Spectators Shoes!
Red and White Spectator Shoes
The following selection features our popular Red and White Spectators Shoes styles.
(Click Here) Shop All Red and White Spectators Shoes Styles
The Spectator shoe (British English: Co-respondent shoe) is a style of low-heeled, oxford, semi brogue or full brogue constructed from two contrasting colors, typically having the toe and heel cap and sometimes the lace panels in a darker color than the main body of the shoe.[ This style of shoe dates from the nineteenth century but reached the height of popularity during the 1920s and 1930s.
Common color combinations include a white shoe body with black, brown tan toe and heel caps, but other colors can be used. The spectator is typically an all leather shoe, but can be constructed using a canvas, mesh or suede leathers.
For women, spectator pumps have been considered, during certain periods, to be very high fashion and a kind of dress shoe, After their loss of popularity in the early 1950s, when sling-backed and sandaled, thinner pumps became stylish, they returned to fashion in the early 1980s. Perennially favorite in England, their high-fashion appeal went with the polka dot and black-and-white, red-and-white, navy-and-white, etc. combination dress ensembles trendy during this time. With their white color, spectator shoes are most appropriate for women's spring and summer wear.
Spats (originally a contraction of spatterdashes) are a type of classic shoe accessory covering the instep and ankle. Spats were primarily worn in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Spats should not be confused with gaiters which are garments worn over the shoe and lower pants leg, and used primarily as protective equipment.
French infantry wore white spats for parade and off duty wear until 1903. Italian soldiers wore a light tan version until 1910 and the Japanese wore long white spats or guaiters during 1905.
Spats continue as a distinctive feature of the Scottish dress of Highland pipe bands, whether civilian or military. The modern Royal Regiment of Scotland, into which all Scottish line infantry regiments were amalgamated in 2006, retain white spats as part of their uniform. Prior to that date most Scottish infantry units in the British Army wore spats. For Highland regiments in kilts, spats reached halfway up the calf. For Lowland regiments in spats were visible only over the boots.
Most regiments of the modern Indian Armies wear long white spats into which trousers are tucked, as part of their parade dress. Other full dress uniforms which still include spats are those of the Finnish Army. In the Finnish Navy, spats are part of the winter uniform. The U.S. Navy Honor Guard and Rifle Guard still wear them while performing ceremonies.
Spats are still used as a traditional accessory in many marching band uniforms in the United States.
The Brogue wingtip is a style of low-heeled shoe or boot traditionally characterized by multiple-piece, sturdy leather uppers with decorative holes (or "broguing") and serration along the pieces' visible edges. Modern brogues trace their roots to a rudimentary shoe originating in Scottland and Ireland that was constructed using untanned hide with perforations that allowed water to drain from the shoes when the wearer crossed wet terrain such as a bog. Brogues were traditionally considered to be outdoor or country footwear not otherwise appropriate for casual or business occasions, but brogues are now considered appropriate in most contexts. Brogues are most commonly found in one of four toe cap styles (full or "wingtip", semi-, quarter and longwing) and four closure styles oxford, derby, ghillie and monk. Today, in addition to their typical form of sturdy leather shoes or boots, brogues may also take the form of business dress shoes and sneakers or any other shoe form that utilizes or evokes the multi-piece construction and perforated, serrated piece edges characteristic of brogues.
10 18 13
MenShoeNet Home
Picture of Brentano Spectator Wingtip (Black/White)
Click on the picture to see a larger image and more information about this spectator shoe
$125.95 (USD)
Picture of Brentano Spectator Wingtip (Burgundy/White)
Click on the picture to see a larger image and more information about this Brentano shoe
$125.95 (USD)
Picture of Brentano Spectator Wingtip (Tan/White)
$125.95 (USD)


stones. The stones used to resize an aluminum cylinder differ from those used to resize a cast iron or steel cylinder. Remember also that the honing stones must be in good condition. If not, they should be redressed or replaced before you commence the project.
Once the engine block is securely anchored, and the cylinder in position, lower the hone into the bore until the bottom end of the hone protrudes ½ inch or 1.5 centimeters beyond the lowest point of the bore hole. Then adjust the hone until its cutting stones contact the narrowest part of the cylinder; this will normally be at the bottom of the bore. The hone should not be excessively tight against the walls of the cylinder. If you cannot turn the hone by hand, loosen the adjustment knob until you are able to.
The drill should be set to operate within the range of 300 to 700 rpm. When the drill is started, move the hone up and down inside the cylinder at a pace of 40 to 50 times per minute. If all you need to do is a deglazing, just a few strokes will be necessary.
When resizing a cylinder, you will need to work out its narrowest end first. As the cylinder acquires a more uniform diameter, the hone should move gradually further along the cylinder length. The ends of the honing stones should not move more than ½ inch beyond either the top or bottom of the cylinder as the hone is used.
Follow instructions of the hone manufacturer when honing is done. Lubricant such as cutting oil must be used with some hones. Refer to recommendations of the manufacturer to determine the correct lubricant. On the other hand, some hones will not work at all if there is lubricant on the cylinder walls.
As honing proceeds, be sure to check cylinder bore diameter regularly, particularly when resizing. Try to stop every 10 to 20 hone strokes to check not just cylinder size, but its cross hatching. A cylinder is normally honed only enough to produce a uniform pattern of cross hatching on its walls. If a cylinder is being resized for a larger piston, it should be honed until the desired diameter has been reached.
To check bore diameter, remove the hone from the cylinder, and take the measurements described above(INSIDE MEASUREMENT TOOLS). As you cease honing for a measurement, keep the hone traveling up and down in the bore until the cutting stones have stopped turning. As rotation speed decreases, reduce the speed at which you are moving the hone up and down the cylinder. This will maintain proper cross hatching patterns. Once the hone has stopped, loosen its adjusting nut so that you do not scratch the cylinder wall as the cutting stones are extracted from the bore.
If you are resizing a cylinder, it is important to check its size frequently to avoid enlarging the bore too much. When the cylinder is within 0.002 inches or 0.05 millimeters of your desired diameter, the coarse stones you were using should be replaced with fine stones to finish the project. The procedure for finish honing is exactly the same as for coarse honing.
Cleaning the reconditioned cylinder: once honing has been finished, the cylinder walls must be cleaned. It is critical to remove all grit and other particles left by the honing process. The engine block should first be washed with cleaning solvent. Solvent will remove any lubrication oil that was used from the cylinder, however it will not completely remove grit and other particles. To remove these remaining particles, the cylinder must be washed with soap and hot water, and a stiff brush. Be sure your soap solution is very sudsy. Suds will get into cross hatching and float out gritty particles. To complete the cleaning process, wash the cylinder with hot water and dry it with soft clean cloths, or better yet, compressed air. When the cylinder is dry, a fresh coat of new motor oil should be applied to its walls to prevent rusting.
After honing is completed, measure the bore again to be sure it is the proper size. Record your new measurements; you will need them later on to determine piston to cylinder bore clearance.


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Copy and Paste Practice - iWork - Pages (Mac)
Students Practice Copy and Paste
Students copy and paste animals next to the sounds they make.
Students learn how to right click "copy" and right click "paste". Alternately students learn to use the equivalent keyboard shortcuts "command - C" and "command - V" to copy and paste. Students learn to fix mistakes by using Edit > Undo or the keyboard shortcut "command - Z".
Grades - 1 - 2
Copy and Paste iWork Pages Activity Sheet
Download: copy-and-paste-practice.pages.zip (unzip file before using)
Copy and Paste Finished Example:
For iPads / Macs / iWork


Shou Sugi Ban (burnt cypress) is a traditional Japanese technique in which coniferous wood is charred on one side. Traditionally, this was done by binding three boards together to form a chimney and starting a fire at the bottom. The original reason for charring was, ironically, fire prevention. As Japanese houses were mostly made of wood, inhabitants of the villages and towns were very aware of fire risks. The scorching of the façades created a fire-retardant carbon layer. They also discovered that this layer offered good protection against vermin and fungus. The ancient art of Shou Sugi Ban is still being used on houses on the islands of Kanawa's prefecture. Shou Sugi Ban or Yakisugi ties in with the Japanese life philosophy of Wabi Sabi, and the pure vision of beauty.
Does the carbon layer always stay the same?
This depends on the type, but in principle the carbon layer of our burnt wood weathers under the influence of wind, rain and hail. The lifespan of the carbon layer depends on the orientation of the facade and the location of the building. The black carbon layer of our burnt wood ages over the years and then acquires a beautiful patina (weathering), such as a light sheen, or a craquelé surface, for example. The natural aging and weathering over time does not detract from the visual appeal, on the contrary, it contributes to it! This fits within the above-mentioned Japanese philosophy of life of Wabi Sabi. On the product data sheets of our products (downloadable on the product page), you can see how the wood ages.
For indoor use we always fix the charred wood. For the exterior we often advise not to fix the wood. This ensures that the charred wood retains a beautiful, natural shine and is also more durable than when the wood is fixed. In the course of time the release of the wood will decrease and for a number of variants this will eventually stop. Most burned types of wood, also for exterior use, can also be fixed if desired. We will be happy to advise you about this.
How do I maintain the wood?
Unfixed planks with a carbon layer do not require any maintenance.
Planks that have been burned and brushed have a stain or oil layer. This wood requires periodic maintenance every three to six years. If you do not maintain Shodoshima / Takamatsu / Sakaide exterior, the stain layer will eventually harden and flake. Below this, the white wood will emerge and 'age'.
The product specification sheet that you will find on each product page explains exactly if and what maintenance the different products need.


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"How to Tell If Your Cat Is Plotting to Kill You" is an offering of cat comics, facts and instructional guides from the creative wonderland at TheOatmeal.com.
If you are a cat lover like me, you'll find this book funny.
It's a quick read as it's just graphics.
Some of the topics include:
- The daily antics of the Bobcats at the office
- How to pet a kitty
- How your cat sees you
- Walking a dog versus a cat
- If we treated our cats like they treat us
- How to deal with kitty litter
- How kittens are plotting to take over the world
Here are some examples of the Bobcats:


Whisper Phones
Learn how to make these cheap and easy Whisper Phones for your Reading Block in the Classroom!
Want a fun, easy, and affordable way to engage students while they are silent reading, and at the same time help the issue of those students who always read out loud so they can hear themselves?
What these little gadgets do is create a passageway for the students' voice to travel. They can read very very quietly (whisper), but they will be able to hear themselves through the "phone."
Cute right??
Here's what you need and everything can be found at Home Depot or any home improvement store.
- A 3/4 INCH PVC Pipe (This is a really long pipe for just a couple bucks). One pipe can make approximately 25-30 phones.
- 3/4 INCH Elbow pieces for the pipe. You need two per phone and each is about 45 cents.
-A PVC Pipe Cutter
- Duck Tape to make it look pretty!
1) Use the pipe cutter to cut the pipe into approx. 3 inch long pieces.
2) Connect an elbow on each end of the cut pipe.
3) Wrap the middle with duck tape.
The end!
I do have to admit that I had to watch a YouTube Video on how to use a pipe cutter. Kind of embarrassing that I couldn't open it. But then I realized there are videos dedicated JUST on how to open the darn thing. Here is a link to one:
So yea! There are your handy dandy whisper phones. Kids will love them and if they can hear themselves read, but not bother those around them, they can improve on their accuracy and fluency as readers!
Let me know if you have any questions!
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aerily is a valid word in this word list. For a definition, see the external dictionary links below.
The word "aerily" uses 6 letters: A E I L R Y.
No direct anagrams for aerily found in this word list.
Words formed by adding one letter before or after aerily (in bold), or to aeilry in any order:
b - bilayer c - clayier d - readily k - raylike n - inlayer t - irately reality tearily v - virelay w - wearily
Shorter words found within aerily:
ae aery ai ail air airy al ale ar are ariel aril aryl ay aye ear earl early el er era eyra ilea ire la lair lar lari lay layer lea lear leary lei ley li liar lie lier lira lire lye lyre rail rale ray re real rei relay rely ria rial riel rile riley riyal rya rye ya yar yare ye yea year
List shorter words within aerily, sorted by length
All words formed from aerily by changing one letter
Browse words starting with aerily by next letter