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My Last Duchess
My Last Duchess
by Robert Browning
My Last Duchess Theme of Art and Culture
"My Last Duchess" is a piece of art about a piece of (fictional) art – a poem about a pretend painting. The speaker of the poem, the Duke of Ferrara, is a connoisseur and collector of objets d'art, or art objects, which he displays privately in order to impress people. In this poem, art and culture become tools for demonstrating social status – and ways to reduce unstable elements, like the Duchess herself, to things that can be physically controlled.
Questions About Art and Culture
 1. Why does the Duke have a private art gallery? To whom do you think he usually shows the objects in his collection?
 2. Why is there a curtain over the portrait of the "last Duchess"? (Hint: can the portrait be moved?)
 3. Why is it so important that the portrait of the Duchess is full-length and extremely lifelike? How does the replacement of the real Duchess with her portrait work? What does the Duke gain by this replacement? What does he lose?
 4. How does the bronze statue of Neptune taming a seahorse relate to the portrait of the Duchess? Why does the Duke make a point of showing this second object to the Count's servant?
Chew on This
Even though the Duke is a collector of art objects, he doesn't really appreciate them; he only cares about the way they increase his status and demonstrate his power.
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cement mortar calculation
Quantity of cement mortar is required for rate analysis of brickwork and plaster or estimation of masonry work for a building or structure. Cement mortar is used in various proportions, i.e. 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:6, 1:8 etc.
Calculation of quantity of cement mortar in brickwork and plaster:
For the calculation of cement mortar, let us assume that we use 1m3 of cement mortar. Procedure for calculation is:
1. Calculate the dry volume of materials required for 1m3 cement mortar. Considering voids in sands, we assume that materials consists of 60% voids. That is, for 1m3 of wet cement mortar, 1.6m3 of materials are required.
2. Now we calculate the volume of materials used in cement mortar based on its proportions.
Let's say, the proportion of cement and sand in mortar is 1:X, where X is the volume of sand required.
Then, the volume of sand required for 1:X proportion of 1m3 cement mortar will be
3. Volume of cement will be calculated as:
Since the volume of 1 bag of cement is 0.0347 m3, so the number of bag of cement will be calculated as:
For cement mortar of 1:6, the quantity calculated will be as below:
Sand quantity
Quantity of cement (in bags):
Volume of cement =
There number of bags required = = 6.58 bags.
Written by
Chief Operating Officer at Deep Real Estate Developers


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Day of the week Calculator
Calculation of the Day of the week: Enter or set a date and the day of the week for this date will be shown according to the Gregorian calendar. In China the calendar is standard since 1929, Japan uses the calender from 1873, and Korea since 1896. This calendar is used in the UK since 14 September 1752 until now.
Pope Gregory XIII left out ten days because the calendar was in delay in comparison to the course of the year. The reform was a daring step for him and an ambitious goal for the world. It took centuries until all regions of the world followed.
The Gregorian calendar adjusts the difference to the solar year by adding more leap days. It was introduced initially in continental Europe. The first valid date is 15th October 1582. The Julian calendar, which was used before, showed a divergence of ten days to the solar year (the duration the earth turns around the sun).
The Julian as well as the Gregorian calendar start from the premise that the year one is the first year after the birth of Christ, i.e. the first year anno domini. This means that the third millennium has started on New Year 2001.
Here you will find information about calculating the day of the week for a date that you have chosen. The day of the week is based on the Gregorian calendar. The algorithm is based on the everlasting calendar from Theodor Wagner. (US/NA).
|Copyright _PHONE_ by dayoftheweek.uk|
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Research initiative funded in time for National Aboriginal Day
Women account for 48 per cent of Aboriginal people living in Canada who test positive for HIV, compared to 20 per cent in the non-Aboriginal population. Yet studies focused on the concerns of Aboriginal women in the context of HIV infection are scarce.
Postdoctoral fellow Dr. Anita C. Benoit is doing research that will help to improve HIV services, so that they better target and support Aboriginal women.
"In one of my pilot projects, I'm working to identify the stressors that Aboriginal women living with HIV face daily," says Benoit. "We're hoping to design a stress-reducing therapeutic intervention that will allow Aboriginal women to practice traditional healing approaches in addition to conventional stress-management approaches."
Benoit is doing this work in partnership with Aboriginal women, community groups, researchers and allied researchers.
What makes the study unique from other stress management interventions in the literature is that it's informed by the community, which Benoit explains is important when working with Aboriginal people.
"The women are very engaged with this initiative," says Benoit, "they have provided important feedback throughout the study that will help to inform future phases of the research project."
In addition, under the supervision of Women's College scientist Dr. Mona Loutfy, Benoit has been awarded a CIHR planning grant entitled, Canadian HIV Women's Sexual and Reproductive Health Cohort Study (CHIWOS) - Expansion into a Pan-Canadian Study with Positive Aboriginal Women. In collaborations with Aboriginal stakeholders and researchers, the grant will fund a meeting to discuss how to increase the engagement and recruitment of Aboriginal women into the study.
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Waste & Resources Action Programme (WRAP) have published a Roadmap for the Organics Sector. This document is a constructive road map with the overarching aim of ensuring that, as the sector continues to grow in the future, that it remains a trusted and welcomed option for waste treatment that delivers valuable products. This document is published in the context of recent questions regarding some current sector practices. The Roadmap provides clear objectives and actions for local authorities, organic processors, policy makers, and regulators to tackle challenges such as feedstock contamination for organic processors, recycling rates and feedstock supply, and environmental protection.
The challenges the Roadmap intends to address are:
- The absolute need for quality – quality inputs, quality operations and quality outputs.
- The need to reduce emissions of ammonia from the generation, spreading and use of digestates.
- The need to fully value the products the organic sector produce.
The process of managing the roadmap and the completion of its actions will be undertaken by WRAP, on behalf of Defra. WRAP will convene the actions owners, monitor and report progress, and ensure that the roadmap remains a live and relevant document and plan.
The REA have been involved in the drafting of some of the actions and will be leading on delivering some of them. Please contact us if you would like any further information.


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In you used Windows 7, 8 or 10 to partition your hard drive, your partitions are likely to be already aligned. But this article will be useful for you if you edited partitions in Windows XP or cloned partitions using various third-party software. Here is how to check the alignment of HDD or SSD and align a partition using free utility without formatting and risk of data loss.
How to Check if the Partition is Aligned and Align it if Necessary
We recommend to use AOMEI Partition Assistant Standard for aligning partitions. This program is able to align a partition without formatting it and all your information will not be deleted. But it should be said that alignment can take a long time depending on the size of the partition and used disk space.
- Download and install AOMEI Partition Assistant Standard which is freeware: _URL_ :
- Launch the program.
- Select the partition you are interested in (left click on it).
- Click on Partition Alignment in the left pane:
- Click OK to optimize the partition:
Attention! If your partition is already aligned you will see "The current partition is already optimized thus there's no need to align it again". In this case just click Cancel:
- Click Proceed to start the alignment: Your data won't be lost!
- Wait. If you align the system disk your PC will reboot:
Your computer will restart when done and you will be able to work again.


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Publication Date
Academic Year
Dental nerve blocks are a vital skill for physicians to have when treating non-traumatic dental pain; however, there is yet to be a simple, practical, and effective way to educate residents in performing this task. The purpose of this project is to explore the efficacy of a low-fidelity dental model task-trainer in teaching emergency medicine residents to perform dental blocks.
In this study, 29 EM residents at TJUH were surveyed regarding their knowledge and attitudes regarding performing dental blocks using a brief Likert-scale questionnaire. Next, they were given 15 minutes to practice performing dental blocks on a low-fidelity task trainer, guided by an attending physician. After using the task trainer, the residents were administered another questionnaire in the form of a post-test survey, assessing their knowledge and attitudes regarding performing dental blocks. The preand post-test survey data were collected and analyzed to evaluate the task trainer's efficacy as an educational tool.
Results and Conclusions:
Overall, the results showed significant improvements on preand post-test Likert-scale responses for metrics assessing "confidence in performing dental blocks" and "likelihood to perform dental blocks when indicated." 27 of the 29 residents "agreed" or "strongly agreed" that the model was helpful in preparing them to perform dental blocks in the future. From these results, we can interpret that low-fidelity task trainers are an effective tool for educating residents on performing dental blocks. Further studies and subsequent analysis should are recommended to assess how a task trainer compares to typical (non-interactive) educational methods for performing dental blocks.


Job's Tears
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Job's tears beads
Coix lacryma-jobi1.jpg
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Monocots
(unranked): Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Poaceae
Subfamily: Panicoideae
Tribe: Andropogoneae
Genus: Coix
Species: C. lacryma-jobi
Binomial name
Coix lacryma-jobi
Coix agrestis Lour.
Coix arundinacea Lam.
Coix exaltata Jacq.
Coix lacryma L.
C.lacryma-jobi plant with flowers and fruit in Nepal
C. lacryma-jobi seeds in a necklace prepared in the Zulu tradition.
Job's Tears (Coix lacryma-jobi), Coixseed, Tear Grass, Hato Mugi, adlay, or adlai, is a tall grain-bearing tropical plant of the family Poaceae (grass family) native to Southeast Asia[1] but elsewhere cultivated in gardens as an annual. It has been naturalized in the southern United States and the New World tropics. In its native environment it is grown in higher areas where rice and corn do not grow well. Job's Tears are also commonly sold as Chinese pearl barley in Asian supermarkets, although C. lacryma-jobi is not closely related to barley (Hordeum vulgare).
There are two main varieties of the species.
 1. Wild type Coix lacryma-jobi var. stenocarpa and var. monilifer has hard shelled pseudocarps which are very hard, pearly white, oval structures used as beads for making rosaries, necklaces, and other objects.
 2. Cultivated type Coix lacryma-jobi var. ma-yuen is harvested as a cereal crop, has soft shell, and is used medicinally in parts of Asia.[2]
Besides the use for ornamental purposes, Job's tears grains are useful as a source of food (cereals) and folk medicine.[3][4]
Throughout East Asia, Vyjanti beads are available in dried form and cooked as a grain. The grains are generally spherical, with a groove on one end, and polished white in color, though in Japan unpolished yuuki hatomugi, which is unpolished and brown in color, is also available.
In Korea, a thick drink called yulmu cha (율무차, literally "Job's tears tea") is made from powdered Job's tears. A similar drink, called Yi Ren Jiang (薏仁漿), also appears in Chinese cuisine, and is made by simmering whole polished Job's Tears in water and sweetening the resulting thin, cloudy liquid with sugar. The grains are usually strained from the liquid but may also be consumed separately or together.
In both Korea and China, distilled liquors are also made from the grain. One such example is the South Korean liquor called okroju (옥로주; hanja: ), which is made from rice and Job's tears. In Japan, an aged vinegar is made from the grain.[5]
In southern Vietnam, a sweet, cold soup called sâm bổ lượng has Job's Tears as one of its ingredients. This dish derives from the southern Chinese tong sui called qīng bǔ liáng (; Cantonese: ching1 bou2 leung4).
In Thailand, it is often consumed in teas and other drinks, such as soy milk.
It is also used alongside other herbs in traditional Chinese medicine. Particularly Coix lacryma-jobi var. ma-yuen has been used in the traditional Chinese medicine to invigorate the spleen function and promote urination, alleviate arthritis, arrest diarrhea, remove heat and facilitate the drainage of pus.[6]
In both the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians and the Cherokee Nation in Oklahoma, the beads of Job's Tears are called "corn beads" or "Cherokee corn beads" and have been used for personal adornment since at least the time of the united Cherokee Republic. A common folk story is that the corn beads sprang up along the path during the 1838 forced march of many Cherokees to Oklahoma from their southeastern North American homelands by the U.S. military.
 1. ^ Taylor, G. D., "Some crop distributions by tribes in upland Southeast Asia", Southwestern Journal of Anthropology Vol. 9, No. 3, Autumn 1953
 2. ^ Arora, R. K., 1977, "Job's tears (Coix lacryma-jobi) - a minor food and fodder crop of northeastern India", Economic Botany, Vol. 31, No. 3, 358–366.
 3. ^ Hill,A.F.,1952,Economic Botany,McGraw-Hill
 4. ^ Duke,J.A.,1983,Handbook of Energy Crops,
 5. ^ "Traditional Japanese foods - Hato Mugi Vinegar". Natural Import Company. Retrieved 2012-01-10.
Further reading[edit]
External links[edit]


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Mola Ram
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For the Indiana Jones villain, see List of Indiana Jones characters#Mola Ram.
A painting by Mola Ram: Abhisarika nayika, "the heroine going to meet her lover". She turns back to look at a golden anklet, which has just fallen off. There are also snakes below and lightning above.
Mola Ram (1743–1833)[1] was an Indian painter, who originated the Garhwal branch of the Kangra school of painting.[2] He was also a poet, historian and diplomat.[3] Much research about him was done by Mukandi Lal.[4]
Life and Career[edit]
He was born in Srinagar, and worked for the Garhwal Kingdom from 1777 until its annexation in 1803.
It is said[5] that two miniature painters of the Mughal imperial court at Delhi, Sham Das and his son Har Das (or Kehar Das[3]), accompanied Sulaiman Shikoh, the son of Dara Shikoh, when he escaped from his uncle Aurangzeb in 1658 and sought refuge from Prithvi Shah of the Garhwal kingdom, which had its capital in Srinagar. The painters remained in Srinagar as the royal tasbirdar (picture-makers), and developed the Garhwal style of miniature painting. Mola Ram was one of their descendants.[5] The inception of the Garhwal school of painting is also sometimes credited to him. His son Jwala Ram and grandson Atma Ram continued the tradition, but further descendants suspected a curse and gave up painting.[3] However, one of his descendants, Tulsi (often confused with Tulsi Mistri, another contemporary painter) was also a painter.[1]
Mola Ram himself initially painted in the Mughal style until visiting Kangra,[6] e.g. his painting Mastani is in the Mughal idiom,[7] while his later paintings, e.g. Vasakasajja Nayika,[8] are in the Garhwal style. Some of his paintings are signed.[2]
He wrote the historical work Garharajavansh ka Itihas (History of the Garhwal royal dynasty) which is the only source of information about several Garhwal rulers.[9][10] He starts with Sham Shah and goes on to describe Dula Ram Shah, Mahipati Shah, Pritam Shah, Medini Shah, Lalit Shah, and Jayakrit Shah.[11] He also wrote Ganika Natak or Garh Gita Sangram in 1800.[12] Mola Ram himself played a part in politics, helping Jayakrit Shah obtain help from Raja Jagat Prakash of Sirmaur to quell a rebellion at the battle of Karparoli.[13][14]
 1. ^ a b Kamboj 2003, p.119
 2. ^ a b Coomaraswamy 1969, pp.75–76
 3. ^ a b c Kamboj 2003, p.25
 4. ^ Chaitanya, p. 77
 5. ^ a b Hāṇḍā 2002, p.129
 6. ^ Kamboj 2003, p.28
 7. ^ Chaitanya, p. 80
 8. ^ Chaitanya, p.32
 9. ^ Hāṇḍā 2002, p.120
 10. ^ Hāṇḍā & Jain 2003, p.21: "Mola Ram was witness to the collapse of dynastic rule, rise and fall of the tyrannical Gurkha hegemony through which he could steer well, and the British dominance in Garhwal. The upheavals through which the Garhwal kingdom passed during those days are most authentically recorded in his Garh Rajvansh ka Itihas. This work of Mola Ram covers the history of Garhwal from the period of Sham Shah (AD _PHONE_) to the tyrannical days under the Gurkhas and British rule."
 11. ^ Hāṇḍā 2002, pp. 120–144
 12. ^ Rawat 2002
 13. ^ Hāṇḍā 2002, p.144
 14. ^ Chaitanya, p.78
External links[edit]


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عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]چکیده [English]
This paper provides a modelfor assessing the innovation and governmental corporation maturity in the industrial clusters. Implementing the methods of cluster development needsto assessthis process of maturity.For this reason, policymakers and planners need researches in this area to access to this higher process.This study was carried out by using thequalitative methods,a case study strategy, and performing semi-structured interviews with 16 experts of textile industry and clusters. Findings,takethe innovation and governmental corporation maturity of textile clusters in the Yazd Province into the account in a qualitative way and show that theseclusters is in the second stage of maturity (managed).


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Ogni giorno offriamo programmi GRATUITI che altrimenti dovresti comprare!
Questo giveaway è scaduto. The Busy Lumberjack è adesso regolarmente disponibile.
This is a fun and engaging puzzle game. The goal of each level is to help the lumberjack cut down all the trees and get back to his truck.
- A tree falls only towards to the other side of the lumberjack.
- A tree falls only on empty tiles or river tiles, not other trees or stomps.
- A fallen tree occupy 1, 2 or 3 tiles depending on its height.
- The lumberjack cannot walk pass a flowing river or a tree (fallen or standing).
- A fallen tree stops river flow.
- A fallen withered tree serves as a bridge.
There are 70 fun levels. Some of them are simple yet tricky; some are very challenging and takes a lot planning to complete.
If you are stuck on a level, don't worry, we've got the solutions for you.


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Summer Bridge 2023
I appreciate your interest in Bright Future for Kids, Inc. (BFFK) Summer Bridge!
The purpose of Summer Bridge is to maintain and enhance skills throughout the summer in a safe and supportive environment. Students will build confidence, self-esteem, and leadership skills and learn study techniques while stimulating literacy, math, science investigations, and enrichment activities.
$500: (16 hrs./week of engagement, IXL subscription, STEM experience, preferred enrichment, check-in system with incentives for literary and/or math goals, all materials and snacks)
$50 off if registered by April 1st with a deposit of $150, $150 due by May 1st, and the balance one week before the summer session.


text: HEADS-Headborne Energy Analysis and Diagnostic System Photo tab Video tab HEADS - Headborne Energy Analysis and Diagnostic System &file=" /> HEADS Brain Injury Fair on Capital Hill 2013 The Headborne Energy Analysis and Diagnostic System records the severity of impacts to the head during a blast or explosion. The Headborne Energy Analysis and Diagnostic System, or more commonly referred to as HEADS, is a small sensor mounted inside a combat helmet that records the severity of blasts and other impacts to the head during an explosion. The HEADS sensor provides Soldiers and medical professionals alike with an effective tool to help identify Soldiers who may have combat-related head and brain injuries. The HEADS sensor is small enough to fit inside the palm of a person's hand and is mounted beneath the helmet pads of most combat helmets. Once secured and armed, the sensor continuously measures and collects critical and potential life-saving data, including impact location, magnitude, duration, blast pressures, angular and linear accelerations as well as the exact times of single or multiple blast events. The HEADS sensors are designed to only record data exceeding a threshold predetermined by the customer - what might occur with an impulse from a head impact or from a roadside bomb blast, for example. Once that threshold is reached, a visual LED display on the sensor is triggered, alerting the Soldier of a potential head injury. The data within the sensor is easily downloaded via a USB device or summary data through a wireless connection. This is an extremely valuable solution for data download. Antennas can readily scan all available HEADS sensors in a Forward Operating Base and send the data to a computer, identifying any Soldier who may have been involved in a blast or explosion, triggering the sensor. Currently, over 50,000 HEADS sensors have been delivered to the U.S. Army.


text: This volume presents empirical studies and theoretical reflections on Evolutionary Governance Theory (EGT), its most important concepts and their interrelations. As a novel theory of governance, EGT understands governance as radically evolutionary, which implies that all elements of governance are subject to evolution, that these elements co-evolve and that many of them are the product of governance itself. Through this book we learn how communities understand themselves and their environment and why they create the complex structures and processes we analyze as governance paths. Authors from different disciplines develop the EGT framework further and apply it to a wide rage networks of power, governance of agricultural resources etc. The contributors also reflect on the possibilities and limitations of steering, intervention, management and development in a world continuously in flux. It bridges the gap between more fundamental and philosophical accounts of the social sciences and applied studies, offering theoretical advancements as well as practical recommendations.


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Rocket 4D Very Large Volume EvaporatorSource: Genevac Inc.
The Rocket Evaporator uses patented vacuum technology to evaporate solutions to dryness, or a concentrate, rapidly and safely.
The Rocket Evaporator uses patented vacuum technology to evaporate solutions to dryness, or a concentrate, rapidly and safely. Two models are offered: the Rocket itself, which evaporates samples in flasks, tubes, or a variety of innovative Genevac sample holders; and the Rocket 4D, designed to evaporate large sample volumes, with auto feed if required. The split cutaway illustration, showing part of the Rocket 4D on the left and the Rocket on the right, highlights their distinct and common features.
Using a single, common, oil-free vacuum pump, the Rocket creates two vacuum environments: a low vacuum causes the solvents in the sample to boil at a low temperature, often below 0°C; a second vacuum environment boils deionized water to make low temperature, low pressure steam. The temperature of the steam heating the vessel or flasks in the Rocket is controlled in this way; while the temperature of the aluminum outer chamber is also carefully controlled at the user's set temperature.
Features of the Rocket 4D:
- Removable 316 stainless steel vessel – holds up to 5 liters of sample (batch mode), or can be used to evaporate larger samples with auto feed.
- Auto feed coupling enables large volumes of solvent to be fed into the evaporation vessel under control of the evaporator, to ensure safe, rapid evaporation or concentration.
- Autofeed option with sample feed via center of inner lid.
- Auto-draining frost-free solvent condenser collects all solvents as liquids. Plastic coated glass for safety and visibility.
- Easy to use controls. Select the method for the solvents to be evaporated set the maximum safe temperature and start.
- USB upload of new methods and software and download of recorded data.
- Built in second condenser for most volatile solvents.
- Waste solvent drains.
- High power heaters with temperature control for outer chamber.
- Outer chamber


Encounters and Adventures: The 5 Benefits of Bringing Friends and Meeting New Ones
Travelling Companion
Going on the road alone can somewhat be lonely and scary. Imagine yourself wandering around in one country's outback or in the middle of a busy city somewhere far away without anyone to turn to, to ask for help from, and to depend on.
Isn't it scary? It is, especially when you're new in one city without having even a bit of knowledge how things works and how people interact at that particular place. Possibilities such as accidents, confusions, and losing one's way have then become quite possible.
However, bringing a friend or going alone is an adventure in itself. It is when you learn how to be independent, as well as to make new friends along the way.
Travelling Companion
Image source: Flickr
So, make up your mind! Bring a friend or find a friend works in different ways, but with similar goals in mind. Here are some benefits that will definitely convince you to bring your closest friend on your next trip:
1. Having someone along is more fun.
Having fun
Image source: Flickr (Click on image for bigger size)
There's nothing lonelier than being alone while you're eating the best meal you can get in a place or while looking at a beautiful landscape. It's kind of sad to just be alone doing things when you can always bring someone to share everything with –your thoughts, ideas, stories, chitchats, and feelings.
However, if you're the type of person who can appreciate more of solitude and quiet, then it's fine. People are different in their preferences of how they want to go on an adventure.
On the other hand, if you're someone who needs another person to relate to once in a while, then it's better to bring someone along. Then, you'll have someone to do things with and to go to places with.
2. Bringing someone along is safer.
Having a companion to go with you, particularly to places of uncertain safety and great distance from civilization (such as mountains and wilderness), is much safer.
With precautions, it would have been safe to go alone. But, with a companion, there's always that thin blanket of assurance that when something goes wrong, there would be two minds to think of the better solution rather than one.
3. New encounters create good friendship.
If bringing someone along is not possible due to certain circumstances and reasons, then going alone is okay. You can always meet new people along the way, mostly through unexpected situations.
Image source: Flickr (Click on image for bigger size)
It is in these unexpected situations that several people gain irreplaceable friends and loved ones. To most people, this thought would seem too romantic and imaginative, but it does happen to some people somewhere in this wide world.
Just keep an open mind and be yourself. You'll surely meet someone who shares the same ideals and thoughts.
4. Meeting people will facilitate learning.
Friendships aren't the only ones built when meeting new people. There is also the build-up of new knowledge, which can help us in one way or another at least once in this lifetime.
It is in meeting various people where you see more of life in a world-wide mindset, which in turn somehow gives you an idea to the general cycle of real life. Having a glimpse of life in a different perspective will definitely change you, in either personal or non-personal level.
Seeing new things also contribute to our values as a human being. Thus, it won't be surprising that there is a sort of change within after meeting and interacting with people from different places and from the different walks of life.
5. New friendship creates unexpected opportunities.
At times, new friends create new opportunities for you, may it be a simple visit to one's place or getting something you desire. It's not really something like you making use of them, but sometimes an act of goodwill on their part.
Several people deem it polite and good to invite someone to their places and offer them something to eat, perhaps. Other times, random people have this desire to help out strangers for no specific reason, other than simply helping.
There are a variety of people out there, who are different from each other. Just be optimistic, friendly, and respectfully in every chance and every person you meet.
Bringing someone along or meeting someone along the way definitely holds something of importance tin considering travel as a whole. After all, it is more fun and filling to have someone you can share everything with – may it be burden or fun.
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Homeowners Tricked into Overpaying for Their Deed
As posted on December 7, 2012 on _URL_
Homeowners nationwide are receiving letters asking them to pay upwards of $80 to obtain a certified copy of their property deed. What the mailings don't mention is that deeds are available from the county for a few dollars or less.
How the Scam Works:
You receive a letter in the mail in an official-looking "open immediately" envelope. It warns that you should have a certified copy of the deed to your house or condo. Getting a copy is easy; just pay the business $80 or more, and they will mail you one.
The letter is misleading. Deeds really only cost a few dollars, so the scammers are making a hefty profit.
As with most scams, the letters take several forms and the exact name, amounts and wording used change over time.
Some versions of the letters look like a bill. Others warn that an additional $35 will be tacked on to a base charge if you don't order by a set date. However, the mailing always uses an official sounding business name, including National Deed Service, Secured Document Company and Conveyance Transfer Services. These three all have a Washington DC return address and a toll-free number.
How Can I Get a Copy of My Deed?:
If you are thinking about selling or refinancing your home, you will need a copy of your deed. But you don't need to pay scammers for one.
 - Where to get a new one: Call or check the website of the county clerk's office, where deeds are usually recorded.
 - What you need to get it: The street address of the property. There is no fee if you request the title yourself, but there may be a small charge for copying and certification.
 - How long it takes: The process takes about 10 business days in most cases.


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Model Development Code for Small Cities
First published in 1999, Oregon's Model Development Code and User's Guide for Small Cities ("Model Code") has been used widely around Oregon. The TGM Program developed the model in response to numerous requests for assistance from Oregon communities. Small cities wanted consistent guidance and technical expertise in zoning, development standards, review procedures, and implementation of state planning rules and statutes.
In developing the model code, now in its Third Edition (2012), the TGM Program worked with a statewide advisory committee consisting of city officials, planning commissioners, state and regional planning agency representatives, and land use advocates, and business representatives.


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There is no legitimate reason why women can't be sushi chefs, but plenty of excuses and old wives' tales abound in the male-dominated world of raw fish. Here, we recount the top reasons given to us by men as to why women and raw fish don't gel:
5. Because women menstruate: In an interview with the WSJ, Yoshikazu Ono, the son of Jiro Ono who runs the three-starred Michelin restaurant Sukiyabashi Jiro in Tokyo, says:
"The reason is because women menstruate. To be a professional means to have a steady taste in your food, but because of the menstrual cycle women have an imbalance in their taste, and that's why women can't be sushi chefs."
4. Because women wear makeup and perfume: These interfere with olfactory senses when preparing sushi.
3. Because women can't handle the work: Sushi involves hard labor, including gutting and slicing fish, working long hours and taking the last train home.
2. Because women have smaller hands: That messes up the size of the nigiri (mound of rice upon which the fish is placed).
1. And the number one reason: Because women's hands are too warm, which makes the rice too warm.
Needless to say, all of these reasons are bogus, folks.
View a slideshow of Nadeshico Sushi in Tokyo. It is Japan's first sushi restaurant featuring a cast of female chefs.
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For the latest news and analysis, follow _USER_


text:
- britches (Appalachia, Southern US)
From Middle English breches pl (also brechen), a variant of Middle English breche, brech, brek ("breeches"), from Old English brēċ ("breeches"), from Proto-Germanic *brōkiz pl (nom.acc.), from Proto-Germanic *brōks ("trousers"); akin to Old Norse brók ("breeches"), Danish brog, Dutch broek, German Bruch f; compare Latin bracae ( > French braies) which is of Celtic origin. Compare brail.
- (plural of breech):
- (smallclothes; trousers):
- Rhymes: -ɪtʃɪz, -iːtʃɪz
- plural of
- A garment worn by men, covering the hips and thighs; smallclothes.
- (informal) Trousers; pantaloons.
- breeches buoy
- breeches pipe: a forked pipe forming two branches united at one end
- open-kneed breeches
- wear the breeches: see wear the pants, wear the trousers
- too big for one's britches


text:
"Be not afraid of going slowly. Be only afraid of standing still."
Assistance Animals Consulting was created with the guided focus for veterinarians to help bridge the gap of education and understanding for doctors prescribing working animals, patients and organizations using working animals and the public at large interacting with working animals. These working animals are service dogs, emotional support animals as well as therapy animals. We will keep moving forward one step at a time, bridging this gap of education and understanding no matter how slow. Slow forward movement is better than no movement at all. Assistance Animals Consulting is an organization of veterinarians, recognized experts uniquely qualified to serve the community by providing resources for education, behavioral understanding, and guidance regarding working animals. Our veterinarians are here to support you. We are here to help you make it happen!


text:
Famous tree-lined French Canal du Midi in danger of losing all its trees
The 42,000 plane trees lining France's historic Canal du Midi are being felled because of a fungus brought to Europe by US soldiers in World War II. Will the planes that decorate the streets of cities such as Paris and London share the same fate?
Story from PRI's The World. Listen to the above audio for a full report.
It's noon in the farmlands outside Toulouse, but the light on the Canal du Midi is dim, almost like twilight.
The deep shade is created by the leafy branches of huge plane trees that tower above both banks, and arch across the water creating a dense canopy.
It's an exquisitely beautiful scene. And one that runs the length of the canal on its 150 mile course from Toulouse to the port of Sete on the Mediterranean.
It was five years ago that Jacques Noisette realized something was wrong.
"In the spring of 2006, I began to notice that some of the plane trees were dying," says Mr Noisette, who works for the French government agency that manages the canal.
"Their new leaves should have been opening up, but they weren't. We asked ourselves why."
Specialists soon identified the deadly fungus, Ceratocystis platani, for which there is no apparent cure.
"Even a small scratch or cut on a plane tree is enough for the fungus to get inside and attack. It thrives deep in the tree trunk," says Mr Noisette. "Within three to five years the tree is fully infected. There's nothing we can do except cut the trees down, and burn them on the spot."
Researchers say the trees must be felled before they die. Otherwise they could fall on boaters, who travel along the canal - spreading the fungus as they go.
"We know the fungus travels through the canal water," says Mr Noisette. "The trees can get infected when boats scrape up against the roots. Or when uninformed boaters tie-off their boats to the plane trees themselves."
French agronomist Andre Vigouroux, who has been studying the fungus for years, says it's been traced to the munition boxes American soldiers brought over to Europe in World War II, which were made from North American plane trees.
It's been spreading through Europe, from Italy, and Steve Woodward from the University of Aberdeen, says it is likely eventually to kill the planted planes that line the streets of cities such as London, Paris and Berlin.
"There really are millions of these trees planted in non-native areas.
"We are talking about a massive disaster if the disease continues to spread," he says.
Along the canal tree-felling has begun - 1,000 trees were cut down last winter, 2,000 more will be felled in the coming months.
It will take years to clear all 42,000 of them, but once the trees have gone, so may the two million tourists who visit the canal every year.
"It is so hot in the Midi that it would just change it totally without the trees," says retired British tourist Graham Barley, who has been travelling up the canal from the Mediterranean in a wooden houseboat.
His wife Linda agrees. "In practical terms, it would make cruising between noon and 4pm unbearable," she says, even in September.
The Canal du Midi wasn't originally designed for pleasure boats.
Completed in 1681, it was designed to link up with another waterway further west - now known as the Canal de Garonne - to allow merchants to move between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean, without having to sail around Spain and Portugal. The sea route was long and arduous, and ships could fall victim to storms and pirates.
The plane trees were a later addition, planted in the 1830s in part to provide shade to those using the waterway.
UNESCO declared the canal a world heritage site in 1996, saying it had "provided the model for the flowering of technology that led directly to the Industrial Revolution and the modern technological age". To retain this status, however, France will have to replant the trees it chops down.
So that's the plan. To replant a variety of trees where the plane trees now stand. Trees with strong root systems to maintain the canal banks, and with thick leaves to create shade.
And ironically, given that American GIs brought the fungus to Europe in the first place, among the new trees to replace the old are 7,000 disease-resistant plane trees - all the way from Mississippi.
Whether colder parts of Europe will be able to use the Mississippi strain to replant any planes they lose in the future, is as yet unknown.
PRI's "The World" is a one-hour, weekday radio news magazine offering a mix of news, features, interviews, and music from around the globe. "The World" is a co-production of the BBC World Service, PRI and WGBH Boston. More about The World.


Red Yeast Information | Evidenced-Based Supplement Guide on MedicineNet.com - How does Red Yeast work?
Red Yeast
How does Red Yeast work?
Red yeast supplements are manufactured by culturing Monascus purpureus yeast on rice at carefully controlled temperature and growing conditions to increase the concentrations of chemicals that lower blood cholesterol and triglycerides. These chemicals are similar to the prescription drugs known as "statins," including lovastatin (Mevacor) and others.
Are there safety concerns?
Red yeast rice might be safe when taken by mouth for up to 3 months. There isn't enough information to know if taking it for longer periods is safe. It can cause stomach discomfort, heartburn, intestinal gas, and dizziness.
Red yeast rice often contains chemicals similar to the prescription drugs called "statins." Therefore, red yeast can cause side effects similar to statin drugs such as liver damage and severe muscle pain and muscle damage. Red yeast rice should not be used without the supervision of a health care provider.
Do not take red yeast if:
Therapeutic Research Faculty copyright
Report Problems to the Food and Drug Administration


Top Locations for Crime Scenes in Pittsburgh
Top Locations for Crime Scenes in Pittsburgh
The Pittsburgh Police is the biggest law enforcement group in Western Pennsylvania, and the third in the state. It's no wonder with the historic crime that has been present throughout the city. As of now, there are about 1,000 sworn officers on the police force.
The rate of various crimes in Pittsburgh is well over the national average in many cases, including violence, theft, and assault. Since the 1910s, there has been criminal activity from one particular group that has dominated the city.
The Pittsburgh crime family
The Pittsburgh crime family, also known as the LaRocca's has been around for over one hundred years. They came out of the prohibition era, the same time period as Al Capone. Their beginning acts were to illegally make and sell alcohol. Since this time, the crime family has been linked to gambling rings, drugs, and suspected murders.
The group is fairly transparent about their actions, to an extent. Their members are known, although since the 1990s their numbers have fallen drastically due to conviction and death. There are murders that members have been accused of, but denied.
Photo by US Army, from _URL_
The areas
There are different areas around Pittsburg that have higher levels of crime. No matter the area you live in, crime is possible. Even though there are areas that have had long histories of crime that are more prone to criminal activity. It doesn't matter where you are, criminal activity can happen.
Many areas of Pittsburgh have above average home prices, even though they also have above average crime rates. The most dangerous area of the city prone to crime scenes is between Mcneilly Road and Sussex Avenue. The area is known for its unique characteristics. The neighborhoods are a unique mix of cultural groups.
Related Article: How Used Shipping Containers are Continuing the Freight Storage Revolution
Upper St. Clair is a part of the south most tip of Pittsburg. Although it may not be the most dangerous part of Pittsburg, it is no stranger to crime scenes. The Whiskey Rebellion in 1791 started out in Upper St. Clair. Although this wasn't necessarily a crime scene, at the time it was illegal, and it caused a big mess. Which is basically the same thing as a crime scene right?
The police force
A large majority of the Pittsburg police force, over seventy percent, are male. They have the Pittsburg are divided into six zones. Each zone is required to have a certain number of officers present, based on the crime scenes that have been seen in the area. The first four zones require the highest number of officers while the last two zones are a bit safer. This is to ensure the rate of crime scenes diminishes.
A commander, who maintains the peace in their geographic area, leads each zone. Between the six zones, here is a breakdown of what law enforcement officers are present at all times:
 - Thirteen police officers
 - Three detectives
 - One sergeant
 - One lieutenant
This is simply an average across the six zones, but is a good representation of the steps taken to reduce crime in Pittsburgh.
Crime scenes are something you never want to come across. Through proper enforcement, and prevention, crime in Pittsburgh can be reduced. The areas that have become famous as crime scenes can now become known for something else.
How to Decorate a Room Using a Stylish Rug
Safety Driving Tips for Teenagers


text:
EBHB received funding from the North Valley Community Foundation (NVCF) through the Aaron Rodgers NorCal Recovery Fund to coordinate planning and programming to reduce youth and adult trauma through an increase in sports and physical activity as post-disaster intervention strategies.
The following were the overall project goals and objectives:
Goal 1: Build Healthy Community Initiatives through collaboration and an integrated approach to increase physical activity as an intervention to reduce youth and adult trauma post-disaster.
Goal 2: Implement place-based recovery strategies to facilitate increasing sports, recreation, play, physical activity and create health-enhancing community infrastructure.
Objective 1: Create a Health, Wellness, Physical Activity Task Force comprised of stakeholders in health and wellness, education and sports to build healthy community initiatives addressing long-term recovery.
Objective 2: Identify/coordinate needs, goals, and activities of regional stakeholders in health, education, and youth sports to address trauma reduction post-Camp Fire.
Objective 3: Develop an implementation plan for supporting models and space for healthy communities, including sports and physical activity as post disaster interventions.
The Health, Wellness, and Physical Activity Task Force was formed in August 2019. The Task Force was comprised of stakeholders in health and wellness, education and sports to build healthy community initiatives addressing long-term recovery.
Overview of Task Force:
- 16 different organizations
- 40 individuals participating in meetings
- As word of Task Force and purpose spread, new individuals and organizations have joined
- Three Task Force meetings –
- August 28, 2019,
- October 15, 2019,
- January 15, 2020 – agreed to continue meeting.
One of the goals was to develop an implementation plan for supporting models and space for healthy communities, including sports and physical activity as post disaster interventions.
The Task Force recommended that EBHB assume a leadership role in a public awareness campaign with common messaging around the role of physical activity as a vehicle for trauma reduction. The Public Awareness Campaign would also highlight the 8 Plays from Project Play.
The Task Force embraces the National Recreation and Park ProgramRX for Play/Parks and recommended implementation.
The following diagram represents the work of the Task Force.


Delivered At Frontier - DAF
DEFINITION of 'Delivered At Frontier - DAF'
In international trade, a contract specification requiring the seller to deliver goods to a named destination, usually a border location, by a predetermined time. Up to the border, the seller is responsible for all risks and expenses associated with the delivery.
Terms used in international trade, such as delivered at frontier, outline who bears the risks and expenses of transporting goods under international transactions. A variety of terms exist for various methods of transportation. Delivered at frontier is most often used when using ground transport, such as truck or rail, to supply the goods.
 1. Acceptance Market
 2. Cost, Insurance and Freight - CIF
 3. Incoterms
 Trade terms published by the International Chamber of Commerce...
 4. Delivered Ex Ship - DES
 A trade term requiring the seller to deliver goods to a buyer...
 5. Welfare Capitalism
 Definition of welfare capitalism.
 6. LIBOR
Related Articles
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Hot Definitions
 1. Conduit Issuer
 2. Financing Entity
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 4. Gross Rate Of Return
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Trading Center


text:
New challenges in public order policing: the professionalisation of environmental protest and the emergence of the militant environmental activist
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
Over the last decade there have been significant changes in the nature of protest which have posed new challenges to policing organisations. This article using the case of environmental protest charts the changing nature of protest and using a new typology identifies a new form of protester that has been termed the Militant Environmental Activist. The characteristics and innovative tactics used by these activists are examined and it is argued that they amount to a 'professionalisation' of protest. The article then moves on to highlight the 'fragmented' policing structure that has evolved to tackle these activists encompassing both public, 'hybrid' and private policing agencies. Finally, the article briefly examines some of the strategies these policing agencies are developing to combat these new challenges.
|Journal||The International Journal of the Sociology of Law|
|Publication status||Published - Mar 2002|


text:
The highly complex steps in the mountain carving process at Crazy Horse can be summed up in relatively simple terms. We are making a very large duplicate of Korczak's sculpture to tell the story of North American Indian cultures. That artwork depicts the Lakota warrior, Crazy Horse, seated on his horse and pointing over the horse's head as he says, "My lands are where my dead lie buried." In order to convey that powerful story on a monumental scale on the mountain we follow three basic steps: 1) measure Korczak's model; 2) measure the mountain; 3) remove all the rock that doesn't fit! In reality each of these steps gets quite complex and requires the use of powerful tools and techniques, but the guiding principles remain quite simple.
The members of the Crazy Horse mountain crew are experts in precision blasting, equipment operation and engineering. They maintain a strong emphasis on safety in all steps of the operation and are proud to have an outstanding safety record. Here's a little closer look at each of the meticulously detailed steps this team carries out to carve the mountain:
Measuring systems have evolved steadily during the 60-year history of the mountain carving. Korczak relied on artistic estimates and his incredibly practiced eye and natural feel for dimensions and scale. After his death, his family and the mountain crew developed a mechanical pointing system to measure the 1/34th scale model of Crazy Horse's face. After completion of the face, we designed and built another mechanical pointing system to measure the 1/300th scale model of the entire carving. More recently laser scanning methods have been used to measure the 1/34th scale model and just in the past year brand new technology has been used to measure the 1/300th scale model with a laser scanning arm. Monique Ziolkowski is currently working to build a 1/60th scale model that will combine the artistic elements of Korczak's story with dimensions and geologic details from the mountain. Some combination of mechanical pointing systems and laser scanning technology will likely be used to measure this model when it is complete.
Korczak used a combination of his artistic eye, tape measures and a beautiful old theodolite (survey instrument) to determine the basic location of his model within the mountain and begin the process of removing excess rock. A 60-foot long measuring boom was fixed to the top of Crazy Horse's head in 1987 to direct the work on the face. A plumb bob suspended from that measuring boom was used to transfer numbers from the pointing system on the 1/34th model of Crazy Horse's face.
When work moved beyond the face in 1998, a survey control system was developed and a modern survey instrument was used to measure the entire mountain. This instrument, known as a total station, measures very precise angles and distances from known control points to calculate 3 dimensional coordinates for any point on the mountain. It uses an infrared beam reflected from a hand held prism to measure distances up to several thousand feet with accuracy to the nearest 1/1000th of a foot. Measurements from Korczak's models are transferred to the mountain using this same instrument and survey control system.
Laser scanning equipment has been used to measure the entire mountain on several occasions over the past 10 years. These instruments work on the same principle as the total station to measure angles and distances from known control points to points of interest on the rock. They use a laser beam reflected from the rock to measure the distances without need of a prism at each point. This allows for measuring huge numbers of points very quickly and accurately to build 'digital models' of the mountain in our engineering computers.
The next step in measuring on the mountain will be to apply the best possible methods to measure the geologic structure of the mountain in addition to the basic geometry of the mountain. This information becomes critical in refining the shape of the models and in planning for long term stability of the memorial.
Rock is removed from the mountain primarily with explosives. Again this complex process can be summed up in basic steps: Drill precisely placed holes in the granite; load explosives in the holes; time the detonation sequence of those explosives; push the blasted rock (known as 'muck' in the mining industry) off the mountain with heavy equipment and finally remove the last layer of rock in the finishing stage. All blasts at Crazy Horse are designed, drilled and executed to protect the rock that is left after the blast. This is the opposite of most blasting operations, where the main concern is the final size and location of the material being blasted away. The mountain crew prepares most blasts using a system that explosives engineers call "pre-splitting." It is similar to perforating a piece of paper to allow it to tear evenly. The rock to be removed is drilled on all sides with a series of parallel drill holes. Explosives are detonated throughout the entire length of each of the drill holes, cleanly removing the desired rock while leaving the remaining rock undamaged. Here's a more detailed look at each of the steps in the rock removal process:
Equipment has evolved from Korczak's use of a single-jack (sledge hammer and hand steel) to drill the holes for the first blast on the mountain. Korczak quickly advanced to pneumatic jack hammer drills powered by 'Buda', the ancient air compressor which quit frequently during the work day and forced him to make many trips down and back up the 741 steps to the top of the mountain. He then progressed to wagon drills, a larger drifter drill mounted on a D8 Cat and finally air track drills. These machines required less manual labor but still relied on gas or diesel powered air compressors to drive the hammer. The mountain crew did much of the drilling for Crazy Horse's face using hand held rotary hammer drills powered by more modern, efficient electric air compressors. We still drill 1 3/8 inch or 1 5/8 inch holes up to 21 feet deep using these hand drills on rare occasions when the track drills cannot be maneuvered to the drilling site. Hydraulic drills are now the standard and our fleet includes three of these very efficient machines mounted on tracks or rubber tires. Most of our holes are drilled about 20 feet deep using 2 inch diameter carbide steel bits. Our largest machines approach drilling rates up to 10 feet per minute! The next generation of these drills will be faster and more efficient and will have enclosed cabs to better protect the mountain crew from the noise and dust generated in the drilling process.
When most people think of explosives, they imagine dynamite. The primary types of explosives used here at Crazy Horse, however, are not dynamites but detonating cord and small diameter water gel or emulsion based pre-split products. Dynamite is very effective at fragmenting rock, but expends all of its energy in an area equal to the length of the cartridge – a very small portion of the drill hole. Our blasts using detonating cord and pre-split products can be designed to expend the same amount of energy over the entire length of the drill holes. This provides much better control of the explosive energy and does much less damage to the rock that is not removed by the blast. In a typical blast at Crazy Horse up to several hundred drill holes are loaded with the appropriate size of detonating cord or pre-split explosives. After the product is in place the holes are filled with small crushed stone. The stone fills the open space in the hole and better focuses the explosive energy to precisely split the rock.
The typical blast is actually a carefully timed series of smaller blasts spaced only a few milliseconds apart. The vibration and damage caused by the blast can be controlled by limiting the amount of explosive detonated in each section of the blast. The distance to what will be the finished surface of the mountain carving ("final grade") dictates the distance between drill holes and the type and amount of explosive used in each hole. The closer to final grade, the smaller the drill hole spacing and the smaller the explosives charge weight in each hole. Timing between the blast sections is controlled by the blasting caps (detonators). This is another area where advancing technology is making a big difference in our mountain carving operation. Electric blasting caps which are susceptible to premature detonation caused by static or nearby lightning strikes or radio transmissions are no longer used. Our most common method uses non-electric delay detonators fired by sending a spark through long plastic tube or with a highly secure 2-way radio controlled remote initiation system. We have also used the latest technology – a system of electronically controlled, programmable detonators which allow nearly infinite choices in blast timing. We expect systems like this to play a key role in controlling blasts as we work closer to finished grade in the future.
Removing the blasted rock or muck from the mountain is accomplished with heavy equipment. Here again there has been a steady improvement in the type, size and efficiency of the equipment used over the past 60 years. A typical blast today produces 2000 to 3000 tons of rock fragments. These rocks range in size from small gravel up to the occasional 10 ton boulder and most remain on the blasting bench rather than falling off the mountain from the force of the blast. The mountain crew spends 2 or 3 days with a combination of excavators and bulldozers to move this rock off the mountain and clear the way for the drills to prepare the next blast. To lend some perspective to the quantity of rock being handled – the average dump truck on the highway is hauling about 15 tons of material. It would take 200 truck loads to haul away the rock from just one large blast on the mountain!
When the crew returns to finishing work it will be accomplished as it was on Crazy Horse's face by drilling to isolate small blocks of rock (100 to 1,000 pound chunks).


text:
New Cape Henry Lighthouse
in Our Lighthouses
July 25, 2011
Today, the old Cape Henry Lighthouse silently guards the entry way into the Chesapeake Bay. Standing near the spot where in 1607 Captain Newport raised a cross to offer thanks for their safe crossing of the Atlantic, the Lighthouse is opened to the public on a seasonal schedule.
The architectural integrity of the tower is representative of one of John McComb's best and most important constructions. The Light also symbolizes the first bold steps the nation's new government took to fulfill its obligations to its people. With the construction of the Cape Henry Lighthouse, the waters of the Chesapeake Bay became navigable and safe ensuring steady trade and commerce on the Virginia and Maryland coasts.
Department: Museums & Historic Resources


Weather Forecast
Find more about Weather in Holyoke, CO
Click for weather forecast
Planning for Droughts PDF Print E-mail
Written by Julie Elliott, NRCS rangeland management specialist
Take a yardstick or a ruler that has been sharpened a bit to a point with you or tie it to a sharpened dowel rod to hold it up. Take your camera or a cell phone so you can take pictures of the yardstick both standing up and laying on the ground.
When on the range you need to look down, not across. You want to see how much grass is out there and what kinds of grasses are out there.
The next features to note are dead grass plants, bare ground and litter. Dead grasses have a black or dark grey color in winter and summer. Dead grasses are not going to grow, no matter how much water you pour on them. Bare range ground heats up faster, evaporates more moisture, soaks in water slower, and is more likely to wash or blow than ground that is covered. The more litter cover we have, the faster our range will recover.
In addition to these above ground features, we need to consider what is happening below ground. When the leaf volume is reduced, either due to overgrazing or drought, root growth and replacement is reduced or stopped. Smaller root systems lead to plants that are less capable of recovering from drought or grazing. If the plant cannot make enough food, it will burn the roots for energy.
Holyoke Enterprise April 3, 2014


How many places are named Palma?
There are 62 places in the world named Palma!
Palma can be found in 22 countries throughout the world.
In some countries the place can be found more than once. For example Mexico, Brazil and Cuba.
Mexico has the highest number of places called Palma, spread accross 15 regions.
The majority of the cities named Palma can be found above the equator.
The northern most place is in the region Viseu in Portugal. The southern most place is in the region Artigas in Uruguay.
See products related to Palma on Amazon.com.
All places Cities
Exact Beginning Ending
(Max 1000)
Cities named Palma: to select only cities, choose "Cities".
There are 62 places called Palma in the world.
Number of places named Palma per country:
There are 15 places named Palma in Mexico.
There are 8 places named Palma in Brazil.
There are 7 places named Palma in Cuba.
There are 5 places named Palma in Philippines.
There are 4 places named Palma in Costa Rica.
There are 3 places named Palma in Portugal.
There are 2 places named Palma in America.
There are 2 places named Palma in Peru.
There are 2 places named Palma in Haiti.
There are 2 places named Palma in Spain.
There is one place named Palma in Uruguay.
There is one place named Palma in Panama.
There is one place named Palma in Nigeria.
There is one place named Palma in Mozambique.
There is one place named Palma in Mauritius.
There is one place named Palma in Northern Mariana Islands.
There is one place named Palma in India.
There is one place named Palma in Guatemala.
There is one place named Palma in Ecuador.
There is one place named Palma in Colombia.
There is one place named Palma in Australia.
There is one place named Palma in Argentina.
Cities named Palma in Mexico.
Palma - ZacatecasWhere is Palma - Zacatecas - Mexico?
Palma - Veracruz-LlaveWhere is Palma - Veracruz-Llave - Mexico?
Palma - TamaulipasWhere is Palma - Tamaulipas - Mexico?
Palma - TabascoWhere is Palma - Tabasco - Mexico?
Palma - SonoraWhere is Palma - Sonora - Mexico?
Palma - SinaloaWhere is Palma - Sinaloa - Mexico?
Palma - San Luis PotosiWhere is Palma - San Luis Potosi - Mexico?
Palma - Queretaro de ArteagaWhere is Palma - Queretaro de Arteaga - Mexico?
Palma - OaxacaWhere is Palma - Oaxaca - Mexico?
Palma - Nuevo LeonWhere is Palma - Nuevo Leon - Mexico?
Palma - JaliscoWhere is Palma - Jalisco - Mexico?
Palma - HidalgoWhere is Palma - Hidalgo - Mexico?
Palma - GuerreroWhere is Palma - Guerrero - Mexico?
Palma - GuanajuatoWhere is Palma - Guanajuato - Mexico?
Palma - DurangoWhere is Palma - Durango - Mexico?
Cities named Palma in Brazil.
Palma - TocantinsWhere is Palma - Tocantins - Brazil?
Palma - Sao PauloWhere is Palma - Sao Paulo - Brazil?
Palma - Rio Grande do SulWhere is Palma - Rio Grande do Sul - Brazil?
Palma - Rio Grande do NorteWhere is Palma - Rio Grande do Norte - Brazil?
Palma - Minas GeraisWhere is Palma - Minas Gerais - Brazil?
Palma - CearaWhere is Palma - Ceara - Brazil?
Palma - BahiaWhere is Palma - Bahia - Brazil?
Palma - AlagoasWhere is Palma - Alagoas - Brazil?
Cities named Palma in Cuba.
Palma - Villa ClaraWhere is Palma - Villa Clara - Cuba?
Palma - MatanzasWhere is Palma - Matanzas - Cuba?
Palma - La HabanaWhere is Palma - La Habana - Cuba?
Palma - HolguinWhere is Palma - Holguin - Cuba?
Palma - GuantanamoWhere is Palma - Guantanamo - Cuba?
Palma - Ciego de AvilaWhere is Palma - Ciego de Avila - Cuba?
Palma - CamagueyWhere is Palma - Camaguey - Cuba?
Cities named Palma in Philippines.
Palma - PangasinanWhere is Palma - Pangasinan - Philippines?
Palma - Negros OccidentalWhere is Palma - Negros Occidental - Philippines?
Palma - LagunaWhere is Palma - Laguna - Philippines?
Palma - BukidnonWhere is Palma - Bukidnon - Philippines?
Palma - AntiqueWhere is Palma - Antique - Philippines?
Cities named Palma in Costa Rica.
Palma - San JoseWhere is Palma - San Jose - Costa Rica?
Palma - PuntarenasWhere is Palma - Puntarenas - Costa Rica?
Palma - GuanacasteWhere is Palma - Guanacaste - Costa Rica?
Palma - AlajuelaWhere is Palma - Alajuela - Costa Rica?
Cities named Palma in Portugal.
Palma - ViseuWhere is Palma - Viseu - Portugal?
Palma - SetubalWhere is Palma - Setubal - Portugal?
Palma - PortalegreWhere is Palma - Portalegre - Portugal?
Cities named Palma in America.
Palma - New MexicoWhere is Palma - New Mexico - America?
Palma - KentuckyWhere is Palma - Kentucky - America?
Cities named Palma in Peru.
Palma - San MartinWhere is Palma - San Martin - Peru?
Palma - IcaWhere is Palma - Ica - Peru?
Cities named Palma in Haiti.
Palma - OuestWhere is Palma - Ouest - Haiti?
Palma - CentreWhere is Palma - Centre - Haiti?
Cities named Palma in Spain.
Palma - MurciaWhere is Palma - Murcia - Spain?
Palma - Islas BalearesWhere is Palma - Islas Baleares - Spain?
Cities named Palma in Uruguay.
Palma - ArtigasWhere is Palma - Artigas - Uruguay?
Cities named Palma in Panama.
Palma - ChiriquiWhere is Palma - Chiriqui - Panama?
Cities named Palma in Nigeria.
Palma - BornoWhere is Palma - Borno - Nigeria?
Cities named Palma in Mozambique.
Palma - Cabo DelgadoWhere is Palma - Cabo Delgado - Mozambique?
Cities named Palma in Mauritius.
Palma - Plaines WilhemsWhere is Palma - Plaines Wilhems - Mauritius?
Cities named Palma in Northern Mariana Islands.
Palma - MPWhere is Palma - MP - Northern Mariana Islands?
Cities named Palma in India.
Palma - ChhattisgarhWhere is Palma - Chhattisgarh - India?
Cities named Palma in Guatemala.
Palma - El ProgresoWhere is Palma - El Progreso - Guatemala?
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text:
Researchers transformed a leaf skeleton into iron carbide
Nature's fine structures are also suitable for technical applications because they exist in a numerous variety of forms, they usually display high mechanical stability and, due to their large surfaces, they provide suitable templates for catalysts and electrodes. Researchers from the Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces in Potsdam have succeeded in converting the filigree skeleton of a leaf into iron carbide by using a very simple method.
Materials scientists are interested in metal carbides because they are magnetic, conduct electricity and can withstand both high temperatures and mechanical stress. However, due to the stability of the material, researchers weren't able to shape it into a specific form. The Potsdam-based chemists have solved this problem by dipping the leaf skeleton of leaves from a rubber tree into an iron acetate solution. They then air-dried the soaked skeleton at 40 degrees Celsius before treating it with nitrogen gas and heating it to 700 degrees Celsius.
"The structure was conserved down to the last detail", said Zoe Schnepp, who carried out the experiment. "The skeleton provides both the basis for the form and the carbon for the reaction. As a result, we can convert the organic substance in just one step. This is what distinguishes our method from other techniques which also use biological forms as templates for inorganic structures."
When heated, the iron acetate in the leaf skeleton is converted into iron oxide, which is then reduced by the carbon in the leaf skeleton to iron carbide. Researchers have been producing metal oxides on the basis of natural materials like leaves for some time now.
"One team has already succeeded in generating silicon carbide from pre-treated natural materials", said Schnepp. "We've now developed this process even further."
To test whether the leaf was fully converted into iron carbide, the researchers hung it in an electrolytic cell as an anode. Oxygen from the cell bubbled at the leaf and hydrogen bubbles rose at the cathode. "The experiment confirms that most of the leaf was converted into iron carbide. Apart from that, it only contains a bit of carbon," says Zoe Schnepp. The researchers also used a permanent magnet to demonstrate that the leaf had acquired the magnetic characteristics of the iron carbide.
The new method should function with all natural carbonaceous materials. "We would now like to test it on other materials", said Schnepp. "What is important about this study is that it shows how we can exploit nature's formal variety to produce wafer-thin metal carbide structures in one simple step."
You can find more information in the paper they published: "Biotemplating of Metal Carbide Microstructures: The Magnetic Leaf".


text:
'Bristol Cats' study, growing from strength to strength!
What's it all about?
The 'Bristol Cats' study is a 'first of its kind' study by the University of Bristol, investigating the health, welfare and behaviour of cats living in the UK. The study is taking place to help find the causes of common behaviour problems and diseases of cats - eg obesity & hyperthyroidism - as the causes of these conditions are poorly understood.
How is information collected?
Information is collected via four questionnaires when kittens are aged eight to16 weeks, six, 12 and 18 months of age. The data will be analysed to see what extent certain characteristics eg obesity are associated with management - eg diet, lifestyle and other factors eg breed.
What are the benefits?
The researchers aim to provide guidance to practitioners, owners and the cat community at large, to improve the health and welfare of cats. In order to do this, they need the help of kitten owners and hope to enrol 900 kittens by December 2011 to ensure robust statistical results.
Study progress to date...
Between March and September 2011, 588 kittens registered on the study – a fantastic response and thank you to everyone who has already enrolled! Not surprisingly, the most commonly registered cat breed was found to be the moggy/mixed breed/domestic short hair.
How to get involved:
Can you help by spreading the word to kitten owners, cat breeders or anyone with a kitten? If so, please contact the 'Bristol Cat' study team at the University of Bristol, using the details below, to request a poster to display and a supply of flyers to pass on to kitten owners.
Alternatively, if you have a kitten between eight and 16 weeks of age, please log-on to the study website and complete a questionnaire. The researchers are also keen to hear from owners of more than one kitten. Full details about the study can be found at _URL_ together with a link to the first questionnaire. Please also contact the team if you would prefer to receive a paper copy of the questionnaire in the post.
With grateful thanks for your help!
The 'Bristol Cats' study team
Bristol Cats, Dr Jane Murray
University of Bristol
Tel: 07827 981412


Multilingual Demographic Dictionary, second unified edition, English volume
Multilingual Demographic Dictionary, second unified edition, English vol.
Jump to: navigation, search
Farmer (FARMER)
Special classifications apply in agriculture. Farmers 1 or farm operators 1 are those who farm the land for profit; among them we distinguish between farm-owners 2, who own their land, tenant farmers 3, who rent it from a landlord, and share-croppers 3, who give a portion of the crop in return for the use of land and livestock. Agricultural laborers 4 are persons working who are employed by farmers.
 - 2. A farm manager who is salaried is generally classed as a farmer.
 - 3. In Scotland a small farmer is sometimes called a crofter. A farmer with a very small farm is also known as a smallholder.
 - 4. Agricultural laborers are of three general types: fulltime agricultural laborers, day agricultural laborers, and seasonal agricultural laborers. This last category often consists of migrant laborers.


TY - JOUR T1 - ADHA's Focus on Advancing the Profession: Minnesota's Dental Hygiene Educators' Response JF - American Dental Hygienists Association JO - J Dent Hyg SP - 53 LP - 53 VL - 81 IS - 2 AU - Monson, Angela L AU - Engeswick, Lynnette M Y1 - 2007/04/01 UR - _URL_ N2 - Purpose. Developing degree-completion programs to enable associate-prepared dental hygienists to complete a baccalaureate degree is essential to help advance the profession. This study determined current associate degree dental hygiene students' interest in degree completion, preferred educational venue, and examined if current interest in course topics supports the ADHA's Focus on Advancing the Profession. Methods. A 55-item survey was designed and distributed to 296 first-year and second-year dental hygiene students enrolled in 8 Minnesota associate degree programs during fall 2004. Seven of the 8 schools participated for a reponse rate of 69% (N=206). The survey included items to elicit interest in degree completion, preferred educational venue, and interest in course topics. Researchers grouped course topics according to the ADHA focus areas for advancing the profession (research, education, practice & technology, licensure & regulation, and public health). Results. Results of the survey revealed that 66.0% of dental hygiene students are currently interested in completing their baccalaureate degree. The top 2 educational venues for program delivery include evening classes held in off-site locations near their home communities (50.4% very interested) and complete online class format (35.6% very interested). Students were least interested in completing coursework during traditional daytime hours (12.6% very interested). Interest in course topics related to technology (58.3 highly interested) and advanced clinical hand instrumentation (55.7% highly interested) were the strongest, while students were least interested in the design and implementation of research (8.3% highly interested), evaluating scientific literature (7.6% highly interested), and statistics (7.6% highly interested). Conclusion. This study reveals a strong demand for degree-completion programs, with preferred educational venues in nontraditional formats, such as evening classes in off-site locations or online course delivery, to attract the highest number of applicants. Students indicate the highest interest in course topics in the ADHA focus area of practice and technology, with the least interest in research. Development of degree-completion programs should design curriculum in a format that meets the needs of their targeted population, while including course topics that advance the profession as suggested by the ADHA focus areas. ER -


text:
Let's say a blue dwarf makes the final connection to the gold. However, there are two paths that one could take to get from the ladder to the gold. One of these paths has a blue door, one of them has no doors. Obviously the blue dwarf would prefer to use the path with the door, so does the player who makes the final connection get to choose what path to use? Or does it go by shortest path to the gold? Basically, what are the rules to determine what path counts as the "final path"?
There's no such concept. The following are the win conditions for the red and blue teams from the rules:
A dwarf from the blue team created the connection, and there is a path that's not blocked by a red door, so the blue team wins, and the red team does not. That's it.
The only way the red team can win if a dwarf from the blue team creates the connection is if the blue team can't win (i.e. every path is blocked by red doors).


Review Index:
Angel Eye Bay-Res Water-Cooling Reservoir
Manufacturer: Angel Eye USA
Reservoir and Installation
Why use a reservoir?
The use of a reservoir in a PC water-cooling system is optional. For many the advantages of using a reservoir outweigh the disadvantages. Reservoirs come in many different shapes, sizes and styles. Some contain a submerged pump while others do not and are connected inline. The Angel Eye Bay-Res is an inline reservoir. This means you can pretty much plumb it wherever you want in the water-cooling system. My personal preference is to have the reservoir connected directly ahead of the pump.
Advantages of using a reservoir:
 - Provides an easily accessible fill point
 - Serves as an air trap to help remove air bubbles
 - Provides a reserve volume of water to make up for losses that occur over time
 - Can help reduce NPSH (Net Positive Suction Head) of the pump
 - Allows for expansion and contraction of the systems water volume
Disadvantages of using a reservoir:
 - Can be bulky – may be hard to locate in small systems
 - Potential source of flow restriction and leaks
The two most obvious advantages of using a reservoir are providing an easy access point to fill or add water to the system and helping get rid of trapped air bubbles, especially during startup. When you first setup a system, there will always be some air bubbles circulating around in the water. These air bubbles must be removed for optimum performance (water transports heat a lot more efficiently than air).
As the water enters the relatively large volume of the reservoir, the water velocity will decrease (don't confuse velocity with flow – the overall flow rate will remain constant in a closed system). Air bubbles can become trapped in a high velocity fluid stream and may only rise to the surface when the water velocity slows down enough to release them.
In general the higher the overall system flow rate, the larger the reservoir volume will need to be to effectively remove air from the system. Remember though, just because you may have a pump that is rated at 300 GPH free flow, doesn't mean you will have anywhere near that amount in a real system. In addition to the total volume, the shape of the reservoir and use of baffles and/or screens can have a large affect on a reservoir's ability to remove trapped air bubbles. The Bay-Res Rev. 2 incorporates a center baffle, which forces the water to flow down one side and back the other. This helps minimize turbulence and gives the air bubbles a greater chance to reach the surface.
One of the nice features of an inline reservoir is that you can place it most anywhere you want in your system. This means the Bay-Res can go in the top, middle or bottom drive bay. Now some people think that having the reservoir at the highest point in the case is best since air bubbles rise to the highest point, right? Well actually, no. Air bubbles will only freely rise to the highest point when there is no flow. The normal flow in an operating system is usually enough to keep air bubbles trapped and circulating in the coolant stream. Only when the water velocity decreases in the reservoir do the air bubbles have a chance to slow down and rise to the surface.
Installing the Bay-Res in an open 5.25" drive bay was much like installing a typical optical drive. The reservoir is held in place with the four supplied screws. Having a case that uses sliding drive bay rails is a big advantage – it allows quickly and easily sliding the reservoir out for filling or topping off the system.
If your case does not have sliding bay rails then you will have to remove the reservoir mounting screws before you can slide the reservoir forward for filling or topping off the system. Alternately, if the bay(s) above the reservoir are empty, that can also provide access to the fill port.
I generally find that mounting the Bay-Res in the lower 5.25" drive bay works the best for me as it keeps the reservoir below the optical drives (just in case we experience a leak) and the tubing more closely lines up with other components (like the waterblock). In reality, with the option of using either straight or 90º fittings, you can place it in any drive bay you choose.
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Deploy ASP.NET MVC on IIS 6, solve 404, compression and performance problems
There are several problems with ASP.NET MVC application when
deployed on IIS 6.0:
 - Extensionless URLs give 404 unless some URL Rewrite module is
 used or wildcard mapping is enabled
 - IIS 6.0 built-in compression does not work for dynamic
 requests. As a result, ASP.NET pages are served uncompressed
 resulting in poor site load speed.
 - Mapping wildcard extension to ASP.NET introduces the following
 - Slow performance as all static files get handled by ASP.NET and
 ASP.NET reads the file from file system on every call
 - Expires headers doesn't work for static content as IIS does not
 serve them anymore. Learn about benefits of expires header from
 . ASP.NET serves a fixed expires header that makes content
 expire in a day.
 - Cache-Control header does not produce max-age properly and thus
 caching does not work as expected. Learn about caching best
 practices from
 - After deploying on a domain as the root site, the homepage
 produces HTTP 404.
Problem 1: Visiting your website's homepage gives 404 when
hosted on a domain
You have done the wildcard mapping, mapped.mvc extention to
ASP.NET ISAPI handler, written the route mapping for Default.aspx
or default.aspx (lowercase), but still when you visit your homepage
after deployment, you get:
You will find people banging their heads on the wall here:
Solution is to capture hits going to "/" and then rewrite it to
You can apply this approach to any URL that ASP.NET MVC is not
handling for you and it should handle. Just see the URL reported on
the 404 error page and then rewrite it to a proper URL.
Problem 2: IIS 6 compression is no longer working after
wildcard mapping
When you enable wildcard mapping, IIS 6 compression no longer
works for extensionless URL because IIS 6 does not see any
extension which is defined in IIS Metabase. You can learn about IIS
6 compression feature and how to configure it properly from
my earlier post
Solution is to use an HttpModule to do the compression for
dynamic requests.
Problem 3: ASP.NET ISAPI does not cache Static Files
When ASP.NET's DefaultHttpHandler serves static files, it
does not cache the files in-memory or in ASP.NET cache. As a
result, every hit to static file results in a File read. Below is
the decompiled code in DefaultHttpHandler when it handles a
static file. As you see here, it makes a file read on every hit and
it only set the expiration to one day in future. Moreover, it
generates ETag for each file based on file's modified date.
For best caching efficiency, we need to get rid of that
ETag, produce an expiry date on far future (like 30 days),
and produce Cache-Control header which offers better control
over caching.
So, we need to write a custom static file handler that will
cache small files like images, Javascripts, CSS, HTML and so on in
ASP.NET cache and serve the files directly from cache instead of
hitting the disk. Here are the steps:
 - Install an HttpModule that installs a Compression Stream
 on Response.Filter so that anything written on Response gets
 compressed. This serves dynamic requests.
 - Replace ASP.NET's DefaultHttpHandler that listens on *.*
 for static files.
 - Write our own Http Handler that will deliver compressed
 response for static resources like Javascript, CSS, and HTML.
Here's the mapping in ASP.NET's web.config for the
DefaultHttpHandler. You will have to replace this with your
own handler in order to serve static files compressed and
Solution 1: An Http Module to compress dynamic requests
First, you need to serve compressed responses that are served by
the MvcHandler or ASP.NET's default Page Handler. The
following HttpCompressionModule hooks on the
Response.Filter and installs a GZipStream or
DeflateStream on it so that whatever is written on the
Response stream, it gets compressed.
These are formalities for a regular HttpModule. The real
hook is installed as below:
Here you see we ignore requests that are handled by ASP.NET's
DefaultHttpHandler and our own StaticFileHandler that
you will see in next section. After that, it checks whether the
request allows content to be compressed. Accept-Encoding
header contains "gzip" or "deflate" or both when browser supports
compressed content. So, when browser supports compressed content, a
Response Filter is installed to compress the output.
Solution 2: An Http Module to compress and cache static file
Here's how the handler works:
 - Hooks on *.* so that all unhandled requests get served by the
 - Handles some specific files like js, css, html, graphics files.
 Anything else, it lets ASP.NET transmit it
 - The extensions it handles itself, it caches the file content so
 that subsequent requests are served from cache
 - It allows compression of some specific extensions like js, css,
 html. It does not compress graphics files or any other
Let's start with the handler code:
Here you will find the extensions the handler handles and the
extensions it compresses. You should only put files that are text
Now start handling each request from
Here you decide the compression mode based on
Accept-Encoding header. If browser does not support
compression, do not perform any compression. Then check if the file
being requested falls in one of the extensions that we support. If
not, let ASP.NET handle it. You will see soon how.
Calculate the cache key based on the compression mode and the
physical path of the file. This ensures that no matter what the URL
requested, we have one cache entry for one physical file. Physical
file path won't be different for the same file. Compression mode is
used in the cache key because we need to store different copy of
the file's content in ASP.NET cache based on Compression Mode. So,
there will be one uncompressed version, a gzip compressed version
and a deflate compressed version.
Next check if the file exits. If not, throw HTTP 404. Then
create a memory stream that will hold the bytes for the file or the
compressed content. Then read the file and write in the memory
stream either directly or via a GZip or Deflate stream. Then cache
the bytes in the memory stream and deliver to response. You will
see the ReadFileData and CacheAndDeliver functions
This function delivers content directly from ASP.NET cache. The
code is simple, read from cache and write to the response.
When the content is not available in cache, read the file bytes
and store in a memory stream either as it is or compressed based on
what compression mode you decided before:
Here bytes are read in chunk in order to avoid large amount of
memory allocation. You could read the whole file in one shot and
store in a byte array same as the size of the file length. But I
wanted to save memory allocation. Do a performance test to figure
out if reading in 8K chunk is not the best approach for you.
Now you have the bytes to write to the response. Next step is to
cache it and then deliver it.
Now the two functions that you have seen several times and have
been wondering what they do. Here they are:
WriteResponse has no tricks, but
ProduceResponseHeader has much wisdom in it. First it turns
off response buffering so that ASP.NET does not store the written
bytes in any internal buffer. This saves some memory allocation.
Then it produces proper cache headers to cache the file in browser
and proxy for 30 days, ensures proxy revalidate the file after the
expiry date and also produces the Last-Modified date from
the file's last write time in UTC.
How to use it
Get the HttpCompressionModule and
StaticFileHandler from:
Then install them in web.config. First you install the
StaticFileHandler by removing the existing mapping for
path="*" and then you install the HttpCompressionModule.
That's it! Enjoy a faster and more responsive ASP.NET MVC
website deployed on IIS 6.0.
Share this post : digg dotnetkicks furl live reddit spurl technorati yahoo
21 thoughts on "Deploy ASP.NET MVC on IIS 6, solve 404, compression and performance problems"
 1. Hi Mehfuz,
 ActionFilter is a great way to selectively enable compression on some requests. My solution turns on compression for all requests. This way you don't need to include the filter attribute on all action methods.
 2. Hi Omar, as Mehfuz said I see a number of benifits of Action Filters over HttpModules, but before that just want to correct that You can apply the action filter on the Controller which in turn applies to all the action/public methods, it is not required to decorate method.
 1. I do not have to stick with a Fixed Cache Duration.
 2. Unable to exclude or need to have some kind of rule engine to exclude it from caching.
 3. One of the main reason of MVC becoming so poplular is TDD, with HTTPModules it is harder and sometime impossible to fit in TDD.
 3. Hi Kazi,
 I believe there's a confusion here. I


Article | Aqualine
Spécialiste en matériels pour l'avitaillement des aéronefs
Shell Water Detector
Shell Water Detector
The pastille or capsule shell water detector, indicate by the change of color of a sensitive paper, the possible presence of free water in suspension in the Jet fuel (JET-A1).
How to use:
After having prepared the bowl to control (1 L of JET A-1 in the jar of transparent glass)
In case of rain make the following operations under cover.
1) Take out the capsule of a tube, and check its date of use.
2) Check that this capsule and the chemical paper are in good condition.
3) Insert the capsule into the tip of the syringe when the piston of the syringe is in low position, (empty syringe)
4) Immerse half of the syringe and the capsule below the surface of the JET-A1
5) Suck up 5 mL with the syringe. Remove the capsule and observe the chemical paper of the pastille
Results interpretation:
- Weak variation of color from the yellow to the light green can be obtained from a water concentration of around 15 ppm, The green becoming darker with the increase of the quantity of present water in the controlled sample
- A significant change towards the green or blue color indicates a presence of free water of about 30 ppm
- Material in unique usage, for its period of validity. (~ 6 months)
- Use each pastille one time only
- Always close tubes after usage
- The sensibility of the pastille can be damaged after expiration of the date of use, written on every tube
How many caps do you need?
2 capsules by airplane filling + 1 by servicer, or bridger each day
If you have 10 trucks for 100 planes per day, you need 210 caps / day = 6510 caps/ month or 81 boxes of 80 capsules each month.


text: Experimental, analytical, and archaeological evidence is presented to describe the characteristics of thermal alteration in mesolithic assemblages from the northern Netherlands. Experiments, both in the field and in the laboratory, have established the sequence of changes that occur when flint is subjected to heat. Analytical techniques involving the scanning electron microscope and thermoluminescence analysis are used in an attempt to recognize thermal pretreatment and to define the stages in manufacturing in which it was used. The proportions and spatial distributions of thermally-altered artefacts are employed to compare archaeological assemblages and to locate heat sources on occupation floors. In spite of high incidence of heat alteration in the assemblages, there is no conclusive evidence for intentional thermal pretreatment.


I have watched a part of TV show and the Muslim scholar was saying it is a must to let your beard grow and trim your mustache. I have always thought there is a kind of cultural influence and it is not a must to have it.
Is in a sin to shave your beard in Islam? is it a must to have a beard or else you will not be a good Muslim?
 - 1
 I would typically discourage questions of a fiqhi nature because they're not suited for discussion on a forum of amateurs but I'm not flagging this one because the topic of the beard is of general interest and something that is highly visible, thereby inviting questions. – Ansari Jun 20 '12 at 16:01
 - -1 You didn't do your research. This is a well-established ruling. – ashes999 Jun 20 '12 at 16:54
Having a beard for a man (when it is possible) is wajib (obligatory) in Sunni Islam by consensus of almost all scholars and schools of thought. One of the many ahadith cited as evidence for this is the hadith from Abdullah b. Umar narrating from the Prophet (saws):
انْهَكُوا الشَّوَارِبَ، وَأَعْفُوا اللِّحَى
Trim the mustaches and leave the beard (to grow).
from Sahih al-Bukhari also in many other books
There is a difference of opinion within the Shafi'i school whether it's highly encouraged or obligatory.
For a Muslim, a hadith with a command from the Prophet (saws) is generally taken to describe an obligatory deed unless evidence suggests otherwise (from the principle "al-amru li al-wujoob").
Based on this hadith and many others like it, the scholars do say that it is a sin to shave the beard. As for whether or not you won't be a good Muslim without it, I don't see the connection. Being a good Muslim encompasses a number of things, from belief in the heart to kind actions to acts of worship. Not having a beard doesn't directly reflect on someone's character or the purity of their heart. But if not having a beard comes out of an arrogance or intentional disobedience of the Prophet (saws) then I guess that could have effects on others parts of one's Islam.
 - 1
 Are you sure? Having bread is not Wajib, but shaving it is haraam. – user8749 Jun 20 '12 at 16:01
 - 2
 Well if shaving it is haram, then having it (when possible) is wajib :) In any case, even aside from that argument, the standard position in Sunni fiqh at least is that it is wajib, with a caveat for a difference of opinion among some Shafi'is. – Ansari Jun 20 '12 at 16:03
 - Ah, you're quite right. They're the same thing! Please add the "Sunni fiqh" part to your answer. – user8749 Jun 20 '12 at 16:04
 - 1
 Done - thanks for pointing that out. Curious now - what's the Shi'a fiqh on this? Ja'fari or Zaidi... – Ansari Jun 20 '12 at 16:07
 - A special shaving of beard is forbidden (haraam) in Shi'a Figh. One can use moser to shave beard to a level that you can't tell if he has from a fairly near distance. But I think there's not much of difference on this matter between n the two, only a slightly detailed one. – user8749 Jun 20 '12 at 16:24
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