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Scalable compilation helps reduce compilation time for models that consist of a pattern of repeated components, such as transmission lines or battery packs, by compiling a repeated component once and then reusing these compilation artifacts for other instances of the same component. Scalable compilation improves compilation performance, it does not reduce the simulation time of the model.
- About Scalable Compilation
General workflow and types of models that can benefit from scalable compilation.
- Preparing Your Model for Scalable Compilation
This example shows how to evaluate a model and prepare it for scalable compilation.
- Scalable Compilation Limitations
Limitations for using scalable compilation, such as unsupported patterns, workflows, or simulation modes.
- Determining Optimal Complexity Level for Reusable Components
Guidelines and considerations for determining the optimal model configuration for scalable compilation.
- Reuse Compilation Artifacts of Individual Simscape Blocks
If your model contains multiple instances of the same Simscape™ block, you can use the
simscape.scalable.setBlockConfigfunction to make all or some of these instances reusable.
- Reuse Compilation Artifacts of Textual Components
Scalable compilation also lets you reuse compilation artifacts of repeated textual components.


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What is the Average Rank in League of Legends?
A prevalent thing we hear from League of Legends players is that they are "average." But what does that actually mean? Is it in relation to their skill, or perhaps time played? Well, let's find out!
What is the Most Common League of Legends Rank?
Statistically, the most average rank is Silver IV, and it holds about 11% of all players. Silver IV is the ninth rank in the League of Legends ranking system and the first rank of the Silver Division, which alone contains about 40% of the game's player base.
It's also the most popular division to be in.
Therefore, we could say that the Silver Division is a place for players representing average skills.
This division is also where the real tryhard begins, as players compete for additional end-of-season prizes. It bears mentioning that, by every season's end, the rank with the most players shifts to Gold IV, as more and more players manage to grind it out.
How Good is the Average LoL Player?
The skill of average League of Legends players has been climbing steadily over the years. Where in the early days of League of Legends, even knowing every champion was considered an accomplishment, nowadays the picture is a bit different, and far more demanding.
Average LoL players can be considered to have the following skills and knowledge:
- Having an established Champion pool,
- Knowing how to farm minions,
- Knowing the importance of objectives,
- Knowing which Champions are strong in the meta.
What Should Average LoL Players Learn?
Even though the largest amount of players is situated around the Silver and Gold divisions, the path to the ranked peak is long indeed.
Here are a few things that players in the Gold and Silver divisions lack:
- Adapting to enemy picks in draft,
- Pushing ally advantages,
- Punishing enemy mistakes,
- Not throwing the lead,
- Learning macro gameplay,
- Learning wave management,
- Learning how to close out a won game,
- Learning to play from a position of weakness, called playing from behind.
We do not doubt that the primary aspect differentiating an average player from a higher-ranked one is experience and time spent in the game wisely.
If you wonder what to do to get to an above-average level, just play the game, commit some time to practice, and learn from your mistakes without blaming others.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


The hardness of 3-uniform hypergraph coloring
Irit Dinur, Oded Regev, Clifford Smyth
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
We prove that coloring a 3-uniform 2-colorable hypergraph with any constant number of colors is NP-hard. The best known algorithm [20] colors such a graph using O(n1/5) colors. Our result immediately implies that for any constants k > 2 and c2 > c1 > 1, coloring a k-uniform c1-colorable hypergraph with c2 colors is NP-hard; leaving completely open only the k = 2 graph case. We are the first to obtain a hardness result for approximately-coloring a 3-uniform hypergraph that is colorable with a constant number of colors. For k ≥ 4 such a result has been shown by [14], who also discussed the inherent difference between the k = 3 case and k ≥ 4. Our proof presents a new connection between the Long-Code and the Kneser graph, and relies on the high chromatic numbers of the Kneser graph [19,22] and the Schrijver graph [26]. We prove a certain maximization variant of the Kneser conjecture, namely that any coloring of the Kneser graph by fewer colors than its chromatic number, has'many' non-monochromatic edges.
Original languageEnglish (US)
Article number6
Pages (from-to)33-40
Number of pages8
JournalAnnual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science-Proceedings
StatePublished - 2002
ASJC Scopus subject areas
 - Hardware and Architecture
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'The hardness of 3-uniform hypergraph coloring'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
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NASA to send self-charging robotic bees to space
NASA is sending some self-charging 'robotic bees' up to the space station to help astronauts, basically a collaboration between humans and robots.
NASA to send self-charging robotic bees to space
NASA recently announced its plans to send robotic bees, dubbed Astrobee, to the International Space Station (ISS) which will fly alongside the astronauts and help scientists develop and 'test technologies for use in zero-gravity' and 'help the astronauts do their routine chores'.
The 1sq.ft, compact, cube-shaped flying robots consist an array of cameras and sensors for navigation, crew monitoring, sampling activities, logistics managements and such other routine tasks.
It also features a touchscreen, speaker and a microphone, along with a mechanical arm that enables it to handle cargo or running experiments.
NASA wish to use Astrobees in order to learn more about how humans interact with robots over extended time periods and in close proximity. Also, Astrobees is a key for future missions to the moon and beyond.
Also, the Astrobees' cameras will give on-ground controllers the ability to fly around the space station and inspect the surroundings.
The space agency said, "They can see and hear the station activities through the free-flyers' microphone and cameras, monitor and conduct experiments, or oversee routine chores by remote control, almost like being there."
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Colloidal Silver
Last Updated: August 13, 2018
Definition - What does Colloidal Silver mean?
Colloidal silver is made up of a mixture of distilled water and pure (0.9999) silver. It is created by flowing an electrical current through water mixed with silver electrodes. The current causes the microscopic particles of the silver to break away from each other. Once they break off, they become suspended in the water mixture.
Many cannabis growers use colloidal silver on a marijuana plant to force the plant to produce feminized seeds. After applying the colloidal silver to the cannabis plant, the pollen collected will contain no Y chromosomes. The pollen will only have double X chromosomes, which help ensure female seed production.
MaximumYield explains Colloidal Silver
Colloidal silver is misted onto a marijuana plant's foliage to force the plant to start pollen production. The grower usually mists the plants daily with colloidal silver for 10-14 days.
Typically, when growing marijuana plants there is a 50 per cent chance of the plant creating male seeds. However, with the use of colloidal silver, the chance of a plant developing all female seeds becomes almost a guarantee. Even if a male plant does develop after using colloidal silver, the male is still a genetic female but with male characteristics.
Silver colloidal acts as an ethylene inhibitor/antagonist on the marijuana plant. The silver colloidal forces the weed plant to develop male pollen sacs instead of the female buds that it would normally grow. The pollen from the male pollen sacs can then be collected and used to pollinate female flowers to develop feminized seeds.
This definition was written in the context of Cannabis
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where APG is the pressure drop across the packed bed (kPa) and z is the height of the tower. The validity of the correlation was explored by Li [15], and it has excellent agreement with the experimental data. The pumping power required for the diffusion tower liquid is calculated as, E, = "m P = LA gH (4.4) Thus the total pumping power is calculated as, E,,,a1 = E, + EG (4.5) The energy consumption rate per unit of fresh water production is defined as, Ef, =totax (4.6) m,, The fresh water production rate and energy consumption rate are two important parameters that characterize the performance of the DDD process. The fresh water production rate characterizes the quantity of fresh water produced at a given set of operating conditions while the energy consumption rate denotes how much energy is consumed per unit of fresh water produced. The two values are important in finding the optimal operating conditions. An ideal DDD process would have a high fresh water production rate and a low energy consumption rate. Heated Air/Heated Water Results and Discussion Using the analysis described above and the theory discussed in Chapter 3, a parametric analysis is performed to determine the effects of certain operating variables on the performance of the heated air/heated water process. In performing the analysis, the air inlet temperature, water inlet temperature, specific packing area, diameter of the packing material, and inlet humidity ratio were all held constant at 600 C, 600 C, 267


7 Of The Most Common Mistakes People Make With Pasta
Who doesn't love a good bowl of pasta? Pasta is there for us in our times of need, like when we forget about dinner and people are starting to get hangry. Noodles, meet sauce—and dinner is served!
But here's the thing about our favorite quick and easy dinner: with a few low-effort changes to our cooking, we can all make pasta that is perfectly cooked and genuinely delicious! All it takes is avoiding a few key pasta mistakes.
So today I'll be sharing 7 of the most common mistakes that people make when it comes to pasta. By avoiding these behaviors, you can take your pasta dishes from a pile of noodles to a gourmet meal! :-)
7 Pasta Mistakes That Are Surprisingly Common
1. Using A Too-Small Pot
Sure, it can be a bit of pain to wash your big pasta pot, but it's no excuse to use a smaller pot! You'll always get better results cooking your pasta in a big pot with lots of water than a small pot with less water.
The extra space gives the pasta room to move around while it cooks. And the more it can move, the less likely it is you'll end up with sticky, unevenly cooked pasta globs.
2. Pouring Sauce On The Pasta
The final stages of the cooking process can make or break a pasta dish! The simple act of marrying your pasta and sauce together on your stovetop can make the difference between a delicious, gourmet pasta dish and a bowl of sauced noodles.
While the pasta is cooking, make or warm your sauce in a wide pan on your stovetop. When the pasta is 1-2 minutes shy of being done, move it over to the sauce and finish cooking it there.
It only takes a couple of extra minutes, and you'll love the difference it makes!
3. Not Using The Pasta Water
That salty, starchy pasta water can make a big difference in your finished dish! The starchiness will help add body to your sauce, and help the sauce stick to the noodles themselves.
You can either save a small amount of the pasta water to add to your sauce, or just make sure your noodles are still a bit wet when you transfer them over to your sauce.
4. Adding Oil To The Cooking Water
You don't need to add oil to your pasta water. Some people do this to prevent long noodles from sticking together, but noodles are supposed to be sticky and starchy! (If they aren't, the sauce won't really adhere to them.)
And if you finish your pasta in the sauce, you won't have to worry about the noodles sticking together anyway. So skip the oil!
5. Serving Pasta On A Plate
Even if you have a relatively thick pasta sauce, it's still a good idea to serve pasta in a bowl instead of on a plate. The curved bowl will keep your pasta warmer for longer than a plate, and it usually makes it a bit easier to eat.
6. Not Waiting For The Water To Boil
I realize that as an impatient person myself, it's a bit rich for me to be advocating for patience. But we should all be a bit more patient when it comes to bringing our pasta water to a boil!
If you add your noodles to the water before it starts boiling, it will take even longer to get it up to the boiling point. And until that happens, your noodles will just be steeping in warm water and their texture will likely suffer for it.
7. Putting Pasta In Your Garbage Disposal
Leftover pasta should go in your fridge, the trash can, or really anywhere other than your garbage disposal! Pasta expands considerably when wet, and anything that expands spells out bad news for a garbage disposal.
So avoid those potentially nasty clogs and expensive repairs by making your disposal a No Pasta Zone!
What's the best pasta dish you've ever eaten?
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HowToCookPasta BrightIdeas PastaMistakes PastaTips PastaDishes
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How to Obtain a Government Proclamation
A proclamation is a formal announcement made by a state or local government on a topic important to members of that community. Asking your state or local government to issue a proclamation for National Chiropractic Health Month (NCHM) is a great way to raise awareness of chiropractic services.
How do I get started?
1. Start early. It may take some time to go through the proclamation process, so begin at least 4-8 weeks in advance of National Chiropractic Health Month.
2. Identify who handles proclamations in your local city, county or state government offices by looking on city, county and state Web sites, checking the government pages in the phone book, or by calling the offices. If there is no one who deals exclusively with proclamations, try talking to a public relations or public information officer. An office manager or an office administrator may be able to help, as well.
3. When calling the proclamations office, be prepared to provide information about the importance of conservative care for people in your area. You can use statistics and information provided in ACA's sample NCHM proclamation or other NCHM resources. Also be sure to ask the right questions:
- What is the process to get a proclamation?
- Do they want you to draft the proclamation or to do it themselves with information you provide?
- How would they like to receive the proclamation text: hard copy, an electronic version or both?
- Can you arrange a signing ceremony and invite media?
4. When submitting the required documents to the proclamation office, remember to include the following:
- A cover letter with some facts about the importance of conservative care as a way to stem the opioid epidemic. Be sure to mention that your clinic/organization will be celebrating National Chiropractic Health Month along with the American Chiropractic Association and doctors of chiropractic nationwide. Note that the goal of NCHM is to bring attention to how chiropractic care can help people feel and perform their best naturally. Also include the date and theme of the proposed proclamation (October; Back to Basics) and your contact information.
- A draft of the proposed proclamation (see ACA's sample proclamation).
5. Mail and/or hand deliver your cover letter and draft proclamation to the office. If you have not heard back from the office after a week, follow up on the status of the proclamation by phone and/or e-mail.
6. Once the proclamation is signed, go to the office and pick it up in person. While you are there, be sure to personally thank the staff member who helped you. This may help the process go much quicker next year! If you are able to arrange a signing ceremony, be sure to take pictures and send them with the ACA Communications Department. We will share your good news via our social media channels!
7. Draft a thank you letter to the official who signed the proclamation.
8. Display the proclamation in your office the entire month of October. In addition to enhancing the credibility of the chiropractic profession and your clinic, the proclamation is another way for you to begin a conversation with patients about the importance of a conservative-care-first approach to health care.


Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Master of Engineering Science
Mechanical and Materials Engineering
Dr. Takashi Kuboki
The direct long-fiber reinforced thermoplastic (D-LFT) process is a streamlined material processing technique which includes various types of equipment. It is imperative to understand how the process and its operating conditions affect degradation and thermal properties of the processed material for industry applications. This study investigates effects of process stages, extruder temperature, and screw speed on molecular weight and thermal properties of glass fiber reinforced polyamide 6 (PA6) composites throughout the D-LFT process. Viscosity number (VN) measurements, thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses were performed on collected samples. In conclusion, it was found that thermo-oxidative degradation is the main degradation mechanism of the glass fiber reinforced PA6 composites during the D-LFT process. Therefore, minimizing temperature and residence time of the extruders as well as exposure time of plastificate to atmospheric conditions along the conveyer is an effective way to minimize degradation of PA6.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
In Python is there any way to make a class, then make a second version of that class with identical dat,a but which can be changed, then reverted to be the same as the data in the original class?
So I would make a class with the numbers 1 to 5 as the data in it, then make a second class with the same names for sections (or very similar). Mess around with the numbers in the second class then with one function then reset them to be the same as in the first class.
The only alternative I've found is to make one aggravatingly long class with too many separate pieces of data in it to be readily usable.
share|improve this question
Thanks for your answers, teifion gave the answer I was looking for on msn. My question wasn't clear. Basically though, "Is what you want basically a class that can reset an instance (object) to a set of default values? " yes it was. – leachrode Sep 15 '08 at 16:06
add comment
6 Answers
up vote 6 down vote accepted
A class is a template, it allows you to create a blueprint, you can then have multiple instances of a class each with different numbers, like so.
class dog(object):
 def __init__(self, height, width, lenght):
 self.height = height
 self.width = width
 self.length = length
 def revert(self):
 self.height = 1
 self.width = 2
 self.length = 3
dog1 = dog(5, 6, 7)
dog2 = dog(2, 3, 4)
share|improve this answer
add comment
Classes don't have values. Objects do. Is what you want basically a class that can reset an instance (object) to a set of default values?
How about just providing a reset method, that resets the properties of your object to whatever is the default?
I think you should simplify your question, or tell us what you really want to do. It's not at all clear.
share|improve this answer
Voted down: In Python, classes DO have attributes (values). Instances also have attributes (values). It's a very important distinction to understand when moving to python from another language. – gahooa Feb 18 '09 at 18:39
add comment
I think you are confused. You should re-check the meaning of "class" and "instance".
I think you are trying to first declare a Instance of a certain Class, and then declare a instance of other Class, use the data from the first one, and then find a way to convert the data in the second instance and use it on the first instance...
I recommend that you use operator overloading to assign the data.
share|improve this answer
add comment
class ABC(self):
 numbers = [0,1,2,3]
class DEF(ABC):
 def __init__(self):
 self.new_numbers = super(ABC,self).numbers
 def setnums(self, numbers):
 self.new_numbers = numbers
 def getnums(self):
 return self.new_numbers
 def reset(self):
share|improve this answer
add comment
Just FYI, here's an alternate implementation... Probably violates about 15 million pythonic rules, but I publish it per information/observation:
class Resettable(object):
 base_dict = {}
 def reset(self):
 self.__dict__ = self.__class__.base_dict
 def __init__(self):
 self.__dict__ = self.__class__.base_dict.copy()
class SomeClass(Resettable):
 base_dict = {
 'number_one': 1,
 'number_two': 2,
 'number_three': 3,
 'number_four': 4,
 'number_five': 5,
 def __init__(self):
p = SomeClass()
p.number_one = 100
print p.number_one
print p.number_one
share|improve this answer
add comment
Here's another answer kind of like pobk's; it uses the instance's dict to do the work of saving/resetting variables, but doesn't require you to specify the names of them in your code. You can call save() at any time to save the state of the instance and reset() to reset to that state.
class MyReset:
 def __init__(self, x, y):
 self.x = x
 self.y = y
 def save(self):
 self.saved = self.__dict__.copy()
 def reset(self):
 self.__dict__ = self.saved.copy()
a = MyReset(20, 30)
a.x = 50
print a.x
print a.x
Why do you want to do this? It might not be the best/only way.
share|improve this answer
add comment
Your Answer


cypress french
Cypress French (Cupressus sempervirens) 100% Pure Essential Oil
BOTANICAL NAME: Cupressus sempervirens
SCENT: Cypress French Essential Oil has a spicy, herbaceous, slightly woody evergreen aroma. It is fresh and clean.
PLANT PART USED: Needles and Twigs
EXTRACTION METHOD: Steam Distillation.
ORIGIN: France
COLOUR: Cypress French essential oil has a pale yellow hue
NOTE: Middle
The Cypress is a perennial, conical-shaped tree that is about 28 meters (80 feet) high. It is an evergreen with dark green foliage, small flowers and round brown-grey cones with seed nuts inside. The wood is hard and durable, and red-yellow in colour.
Traditional and Emotional uses reportedly include:-
Aromatherapy uses include in massage, combatting excessive perspiration (particularly feet), haemorrhoids, menorrhagia, oily skin, rheumatism, and varicose veins.
Aromatherapists also commonly credit Cypress French with being a relaxing, nerve soothing essential oil. It has the properties of an astringent and has been used in skin care applications.
Cypress French blends well with Bergamot, ClarySage, Fennel, Grapefruit, Juniper, Lavender, Lemon, Lime, Orange, Pine, Rosemary and Tangerine.
The Phoenicians and Cretans used Cypress wood for building ships and homes. The Egyptians used the wood for making sarcophagi (coffins), and the Greeks used it for sculpturing statues of their gods. The Greek word 'Sempervirens' means 'lives forever' or ever-living. The tree gave its name to the island of Cypress where it used to be worshipped. The legend says the cross of Jesus had been made of cypress wood and it generally seems to be connected with death.
Weight 0 kg


text:
This material has 2 associated documents. Select a document title to view a document's information.
The Einstein Cannon model computes and displays the trajectory of cannonballs (particles) shot from a cannon in the vicinity of a black hole. It was created for the study of Einstein's theory of general relativity and the Schwarzschild metric. The main window displays a map of space in the vicinity of the black hole using Schwarzschild coordinates and a cannon located a distance r0 from the center black hole's center. The position and firing angle of the cannon can be adjusted by dragging a marker and the number of cannon balls and their initial speed can be changed using input fields. The maximum speed of the cannon ball is the speed of light c=1 in accordance with Einstein's theory. Newton suggested that a cannon ball fired from a high mountain could fall to Earth, orbit the Earth, or fly away depending on how it was fired. The same is true in general relativity but there are many important differences. This model demonstrates these differences.
The Einstein Cannon model is a supplemental simulation for the article "When action is not least for orbits in general relativity" by C. G. Gray and Eric Poisson in the American Journal of Physics 79(1), 43-55 (2011) and has been approved by the authors and the American Journal of Physics (AJP) editor. The simulation was developed using the Easy Java Simulations (EJS) modeling tool and is distributed as a ready-to-run (compiled) Java archive. Double clicking the ejs_gr_EinsteinCannon.jar file will run the program if Java is installed.
Last Modified June 12, 2013
This file has previous versions.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Background: Living kidney donors have donation-related out-of-pocket costs (direct costs) and/or ongoing daily expenses while losing income (indirect costs). Yet there is little information about how much of a subjective burden these constitute for the donors.
Methods: From December 2003 through December 2014, we surveyed donors 6 months postdonation to determine their financial burden related to donation (on a scale of 1 to 10) and what resources were used to cover expenses.
Results: Of 1136 surveyed, 796 (70%) responded. Among respondents, mean age at donation was 43.6 ± 10.6 years, 64% were women, 96% were white, and 53% were related by blood to their recipient. Overall, 26% scored their financial burden as 5 or higher; 8% scored it as 8 or higher. Increased expenses were associated with a higher reported burden; however, significant burden was reported by some with no out-of-pocket expenses (presumably due to lost wages and continuing expenses). The burden was scored as 5 or higher by 27% of those employed outside the home (n = 660), 15% homemakers, 13% retirees, 40% students; 28% unemployed; and 26% whose occupation was unknown. Over half (51%) of those receiving a local or (means-tested) national grant still reported moderate to severe burden. Besides grants, donors used a variety of sources to help offset expenses: dipped into savings, borrowed from friends or family, took out a loan, and/or had a fundraiser. Those with the highest burden reported using the most additional sources.
Conclusions: Donors should not have to incur costs or a financial burden to donate; the transplant community should strive to make donation financially neutral.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Given a finite set of points $P$, we can think of two meanings for the term "convex hull of $P$:"
 1. The set of convex combinations of points from $P$, $\sum \alpha_i p_i$ s.t. $\sum \alpha_i = 1 \wedge \forall \alpha_i \geq 0$.
 2. The points $P' \subseteq P$ which are "active" in the convex hull; that is, the removal of which changes the set of points from (1).
Question: Is there a standard way to refer specifically to (1) or (2)?
share|improve this question
I have never heard of convex hull as in 2, only as in 1. The points in 2 I would call the extreme points of the convex hull of $P$. – Harald Hanche-Olsen Sep 28 '12 at 14:38
This confusion in terminology is also a peeve of mine. The word "hull" means an exterior, and there's a perfectly good phrase "convex closure" for (1). Nonetheless the use of convex hull to mean (1) predominates except when discussion turns to algorithms for finding the extreme points (2) as a "representation" of the convex hull. – hardmath Sep 28 '12 at 14:43
Indeed, I come from CS, where (2) dominates "convex hull". Funny it's unheard-of in Math :) _USER_ turn your comment into an answer to be accepted. "convex closure" is what I was looking for, which appears to be a known synonym for CH. – user1071136 Sep 28 '12 at 14:55
Same here - research background in computer graphics and computational geometry, only ever heard of it in terms of (2) – fluffy Sep 28 '12 at 15:24
Intrigueing. With interpretation (2) you seem to require the convex hull to be a hull in some everyday sense, but you don't require it to be convex any more :) – Hagen von Eitzen Sep 28 '12 at 15:24
1 Answer 1
up vote 3 down vote accepted
I prefer "convex closure" for the collection of all convex combinations (1). The phrase convex hull is slightly more concise, but the etymology of "hull" carries a meaning of the outer covering (as in the hull of a boat or husk of a seed), so it seems a pity to me not to reserve this for what mathematicians instead like to call the "extremal boundary points". It's an important enough algorithmic (computational geometry) topic to deserve a shorter name.
share|improve this answer
If there is a topology involved, too, mathematicians may speak of the "convex hull" and the "closed convex hull". Of course they use these terms even if $P$ is infinite. If they saw "convex closure" they may not know which is would mean. – GEdgar Sep 28 '12 at 15:33
Your Answer


text:
Evaluation of Superpave Fine Aggregate Angularity Specification
MetadataShow full item record
The validity of the Superpave fine aggregate angularity (FAA) requirement is questioned by both the owner agencies and the paving and aggregate industries. The FAA test is based on the assumption that more fractured faces will result in higher void content in the loosely compacted sample; however, this assumption is not always true. Some agencies have found that cubical shaped particles, even with 100 percent fractured faces, may not meet the FAA requirement for high-volume traffic. State agencies are concerned that local materials, previously considered acceptable and which have provided good field performance, cannot meet the Superpave requirements. Researchers evaluated angularity of 23 fine aggregates representing most types of paving aggregates used in the USA using seven different procedures: FAA test, direct shear test, compacted aggregate resistance (CAR) test, three different image analyses, and visual inspection. The three image analyses techniques included Hough Transform at University of Arkansas at Little Rock (UALR), unified image analysis at Washington State University (WSU), and VDG-40 videograder at Virginia Transportation Research Council (VTRC). A small study was performed to evaluate relative rutting resistance of HMA containing fines with different particle shape parameters using the Asphalt Pavement Analyzer (APA). The FAA test method does not consistently identify angular, cubical aggregates as high quality materials. There is a fair correlation between the CAR stability value and angle of internal friction (AIF) from the direct shear test. No correlation was found between FAA and CAR stability or between FAA and AIF. Fairly good correlations were found between FAA and all three image analysis methods. Some cubical crushed aggregates with FAA values less than 45 gave very high values of CAR stability, AIF, and 'angularity' from imaging techniques. Moreover, the three image analysis methods exhibited good correlation among themselves. A statistical analysis of the SHRP-LTPP (Strategic Highway Research Program-Long-Term Pavement Performance) database revealed no significant evidence relationship between FAA and rutting. This lack of relationship is not surprising since many uncontrolled factors contribute to pavement rutting. The APA study revealed that FAA is not sensitive to rut resistance of HMA mixtures. Image analysis methods appear promising for measuring fine aggregate angularity. Until a suitable replacement method(s) for FAA can be identified, the authors recommend that the FAA criteria be lowered from 45 to 43 for 100 percent crushed aggregate. Analysis of the FAA versus rutting data should be examined later as the amount of data in the SHRP-LTTP database is expanded.


text:
The Australian Die Casting Association (also known as ADCA) represents the Die Casting industry in Australia. The objectives of the Association are to promote research and development activities in Die Casting.
In 1971, the Die Casting industry, through the Australian Zinc Development Association, SDCEA, and the DIA, actively and effectively assisted in setting up the first serious R & D facility at CSIRO.
A small but dedicated team of research workers was brought together and very soon they began to produce findings and knowledge of lasting benefit to the Die Casting Industry. This information became available in the form of published papers, conference presentations and industrial reports and soon gained international recognition for its innovation and high standard. The industry also appreciated this work because much of it was done in close cooperation with Die Casting companies, and they could see the practical way it could be implemented.
This activity has continued to grow, and the benefits continue to accrue. It remains a prime focus of ADCA to encourage all Die Casting companies, whether big or small, to play a part in this vital activity. Participation in cooperative Research and Development enables both costs and benefits to be shared. People benefit by gaining new ways of thinking about manufacturing problems, and by being part of a widely based team, gain new skills in the process.


text:
Focused ion beam, also known as FIB, is a technique used particularly in the semiconductor industry, materials science and increasingly in the biological field for site-specific analysis, deposition, and ablation of materials.
An FIB setup is a scientific instrument that resembles a scanning electron microscope (SEM). However, while the SEM uses a focused beam of electrons to image the sample in the chamber, an FIB setup uses a focused beam of ions instead.
Research Poster PDFs
Focused Ion Beam (FIB)
Click below for a list of all LCN Researchers &d Research Highlights associated with:
FOCUSED ION BEAM (FIB)
Figure: Niobium SQUID fabricated using FIB. The device incorporates 150 nm wide nanobridges as the active Josephson elements. [courtesy Ed Romans]


text:
This week's Drawing Challenge has asked users to draw a cityscape using PicsArt's Drawing Tools, so this tutorial will show you how to draw a glittering metropolis for the occasion.
Raising a city is not like other drawing subjects. This challenge calls for some special tricks that, once you learn, will produce some startling results. Just grab your hard hat and follow the steps below!
Step 1: First Two Rows
Select the Shape icon and select the rectangular shape on the "Fill" setting. Select a medium dark color and create your first row of buildings. Use a slightly darker color to darken the sides of the buildings. Add a layer below, and use black to create your second row of buildings.
Step 2: Foreground & Background
Add layers in the foreground and use a variety of colors and shapes to create your front row of buildings and a street or river. Choose another dark color for your final row of buildings at the bottom, and on the very bottom layer, fill in a sky.
Step 3: Shade
Add a layer on top of your buildings and use black brushes and shapes to draw shadows being cast on top of and behind buildings. Reduce the opacity to make them translucent like shadows.
Step 4: Lights
Select bright and pale colors to dot your buildings with specks of lights. Experiment with different brush shapes to vary your light patterns. Create streaks of varied tones in your sky to give it texture, and reduce the opacity of your back row of buildings for a cool effect.
Step 5: Final Details
Add the final details that will bring your drawing to life. Create specks of colored lights with large, nearly transparent halos for traffic. If you have a river, reflect your city and add waves.


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Maximise the productivity of flowers, fruit and vegetables year round with Daikin's integrated greenhouse solutions for heating, air conditioning and temperature-controlled storage.
Daikin's energy-efficient solutions maximise productivity, while minimising the environmental impact.
Daikin's air handling solutions optimise humidity levels to suit each crop by adding or removing moist air.
Longer storage possible
Store fruit and vegetables for longer without germinating or deteriorating in quality by maintaining consistently low temperatures and controlled CO2 levels.
The right conditions for growth
Daikin offers tailor-made chilled water systems and condensing units to provide just the right conditions for growth, and for careful control of food production and processing.
Water cooled chillers
- Compact design
- Can be used for chilling, heating or both simultaneously
- Ideal for greenhouse cultivation
Air cooled chillers
- A cost effective, versatile and efficient cooling solution
- High performance and high reliability
- Optimises your storage conditions
Air handling units
- Fully customised solution
- Offers both ventilation and air handling
- Optimises air conditions in greenhouse environments


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- Antiguan racer
- Antigua and Barbuda ()
The rarest snake is the Antiguan racer (Alsophis antiguae) of which fewer than 150 are now believed to exist, including those in captivity. The snake was once common in Antigua, but disappeared from the island following the introduction of non-indigenous predators, black and brown rats (Rattus rattus and Rattus norvegicus) and then the Asian mongoose (Herpestes javanicus). The racer was thought to be extinct, but in 1989 was rediscovered only on Great Bird Island off the northeast coast of Antigua. Following intense conservation programmes, the species is slowly recovering, although remains classified as Critically Endangered on the IUCN (World Conservation Union) Red List 2004.


The Top 3 Commercial Door Repairs
Commercial doors are essential to the overall safety and security of any commercial space. It is imperative that you monitor the condition of your commercial doors closely. If you allow your doors to fall into disrepair, you make it easier for your commercial space to fall victim to theft.
Many business owners have discovered that there are a few common problems that plague their commercial doors. Learn more about these problems so that you will be prepared to make timely repairs.
1. Hardware Damage
The average commercial door sees significantly more use during the course of a day than a residential door would. Employees and customers are constantly entering and exiting your commercial space, which can put your door's hardware at risk of sustaining damage.
Be sure that you conduct routine inspections of your door to check for loose handles, damaged springs, or bent hinges. Repairing these small hardware issues as soon as they arise will help you avoid a more serious malfunction in the future.
2. Bent Frame
Your commercial door frame supports the weight of the door. If this frame becomes bent, you may experience problems opening and closing the door smoothly. A bent door frame is a weak point that can make it easier for would-be criminals to enter your commercial space.
It's important that you address any frame damage to your commercial door with an alignment service. An experienced technician can correct the frame damage to restore proper function to your door.
This will enhance the overall accessibility of your commercial space for customers and employees and ensure that your space remains safe and secure.
3. Damaged Seal
Commercial doors are typically equipped with rubber seals. The primary role of these seals is to prevent any air from passing between the door and the frame. Damaged seals can have a negative impact on your company's bottom line.
Air transfer makes it difficult to regulate indoor temperatures, requiring you to rely more heavily on your building's HVAC system. You will likely see an increase in heating and cooling costs when your commercial door seals are damaged.
A technician can replace damaged seals to restore the airtight seal of your commercial door.
Proper maintenance and timely repairs are essential if you want to keep your commercial door functioning properly.
Keep an eye on the hardware, frame, and seals of your door so that you can invest in the repair of these elements before minor damage becomes a major problem. Contact a company that offers commercial door repair services to learn more.


Apache Commons logo Apache Commons Exec
Building the command line
You have two ways to create the command line to be executed
 - parsing the entire command line string
 - building the command line incrementally
General Considerations
No matter which approach you are using commons-exec does change your command line arguments in the following two cases
 - when the executable contains forward or backward slashes
 - when a command line argument contains an unquoted string
The following executable arguments
will be translated under Windows to
Parsing the entire command line string
Parsing the command line string is easy to use but you might run into problems when tackling complex scenarios. Therefore this functionality was deprecated in the Ant Exec task.
Let's have a look at few examples you would like to stick to parsing entire command line strings
Spaces in command line arguments
Here we would like to invoke a batch file which contains spaces in the path
cmd.exe /C c:\was51\Web Sphere\AppServer\bin\versionInfo.bat
Due to the space in the file name we have to quote the file name either with single or double quotes otherwise it falls apart into two command line arguments c:\was51\Web and Sphere\AppServer\bin\versionInfo.bat.
String line = "cmd.exe /C 'c:\\was51\\Web Sphere\\AppServer\\bin\\versionInfo.bat'";
Building the Command Line Incrementally
This is the recommended approach and caters also for pre-quoted command line argument.
A simple example
Now we would like to build the following command line
runMemorySud.cmd 10 30 -XX:+UseParallelGC -XX:ParallelGCThreads=2
using the following code snippet
CommandLine cmdl = new CommandLine("runMemorySud.cmd");
A complex example
Now let's have a look at the following command line found somewhere in the internet
dotnetfx.exe /q:a /c:"install.exe /l ""\Documents and Settings\myusername\Local Settings\Temp\netfx.log"" /q"
The following code snippet builds the command line using pre-quoted arguments and variable expansion
File file = new File("/Documents and Settings/myusername/Local Settings/Temp/netfx.log");
Map map = new HashMap();
map.put("FILE", file);
cmdl = new CommandLine("dotnetfx.exe");
cmdl.addArgument("/q:a", false);
cmdl.addArgument("/c:\"install.exe /l \"\"${FILE}\"\" /q\"", false);
For the Desperate
When crafting a command line it would be really helpful to see what happens to your command line arguments. The following scripts can be invoked to print your command line arguments for Unix
while [ $# -gt 0 ]
 echo "$1"
and for Windows
IF [%1]==[] GOTO Continue
 _USER_ "%1"


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This study evaluates initial construction costs of a four-story building in the Portland area. It compares construction cost estimates of six different structural systems all with brick veneer as the exterior cladding. Click here to view the full study.
Based on the construction cost estimates prepared for this study, the cost associated with using a noncombustible compartmentalized construction method including concrete-based construction materials was very favorable with both conventional wood frame and light gage steel frame construction costs. The load-bearing masonry system was only 3 percent more than the cost of conventional wood frame and 3 percent less than steel frame construction.
The minimal increase in construction cost can help pay for itself over the life of the structure. Materials such as concrete masonry have many other advantages beyond their inherent fire resistance including durability, resistance to mold growth, resistance to damage from vandalism, structural integrity, and minimal damage caused by water and water pressure in the event of building fire. In many cases, with concrete-based construction that will never burn, the damage outside of the fire compartment is minimal. This provides for reduced cleanup costs and quicker reoccupation of the structure.
This study determined that truly resilient buildings can be constructed affordably. We can keep the residents in our communities safe by using the principles of balanced design. We recommend that a similar study be undertaken to evaluate the use of similar construction systems and their associated construction cost impact on other typical building types such as schools, retail establishments, and commercial buildings.


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From the English vocabulary word amber, which derives from Arabic عنبر ('anbar) = 'amber' (orange, yellow or red gemstone, which is formed from fossil resin)
Image by Hannes Grobe,
License: Creative Commons, CC-BY-SA
|Female ♀||Male ♂|
|#: count of main first name only|
|&: count of both main and additional first names|
| Name counts are approximate as statistics normally is not published
for names given to less than 3 or 5 persons per country.


text:
Straw and silk ribbon
Given by N A Bicknell
Museum no. T.59-1936
The printed hat band on this child's straw hat depicts the aeroplane flown by French aviator Louis Bleriot (_PHONE_) on the first flight across the English channel, in July 1909. The flight is significant in aviation history because it was the first time a plane was flown across a large body of water.
The hat is of a popular shape for children in this period. The green petersham edging on the brim of the hat is also used at the centre of the crown. This green ribbon motif is decorated with large silk embroidery stitches, a style of embellishment which was frequently used in women's fashionable dress at the end of the first decade of the 20th century.


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(Santa Ana, CA)—When Rancho Santiago Community College District (RSCCD) Trustees visits the Santa Ana College Early Childhood Education Center on December 15, they will read aloud to children, who are students at the lab school. Following the reading, they will visit classrooms and present a gift book to each child. Included with that book will be a card which includes the following tips for reading aloud to children for parents:
- Read to children from birth-short board books are best for babies.
- Take children to the library or store to choose a book.
- Find a quiet comfortable place to read-make sure your child can see the pictures.
- Select books with great pictures and rhyming words to engage children.
- Read a variety of books, but repeat favorites.
- Use enthusiasm and expression when reading-use sounds and gestures.
- Explain some new words that your child may not have heard before.
- Alter stories by putting in your child's name.
- Read slowly to allow children to build a mental picture of the story.
- Encourage children to turn the pages of the book.
- Ask question and have children make predictions about the story.
- Limit the amount of time your children watch television; read to a child instead.
- Read every day to children—make reading a habit!
These additional resources will also be provided for parents:
For more information, please contact Janneth Linnell, RSCCD director of Child Development Services at _EMAIL_ or _PHONE_.
About Rancho Santiago Community College District
Santa Ana College and Santiago Canyon College are public community colleges of the Rancho Santiago Community College District, which serves the residents of Anaheim Hills, Orange, Santa Ana, Villa Park, and portions of Anaheim, Costa Mesa, Irvine, Fountain Valley, Garden Grove, and Tustin. Both colleges provide education for academic transfer and careers, courses for personal and professional development, and customized training for business and industry.
# # #


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Overview of the week
Held over the 25th-31st October 2010, Big Green Week (BGW) was full of thought provoking, interactive and enjoyable features which launched the University's commitment to carbon reduction.
One of the main exhibits, on view at the heart of the campus, was the Carbon
Cube, the first UK life-sized depiction of a tonne of carbon dioxide, which at 599.48m3, was larger than the average house.
The average carbon footprint per person in the UK is 10.92 tonnes of carbon dioxide whilst the University emits the equivalent of over 30,000 tonnes every year. The need to reduce carbon by 60% over the next 10 years was the key message for the week. Students and staff were asked to commit to this vision as well as play their part in making it a reality.
During the week, staff, students and visitors were encouraged to calculate their own carbon footprint and relate it to the Cube to comprehend just how much their lifestyle has an effect on the environment.
Each day of the week had a different theme including, Monday 'use less energy', Tuesday 'eat sustainably', Wednesday 'travel sustainably', Thursday'recycle more' and Friday 'get involved'. Throughout the week events and activities such as a Climate Change debate, cooking demonstration, seed planting, Big Switch Off, a variety of themed eco fayres and the Hard Rain exhibition populated the campus. See the programme and photographs from the event here.
The week culminated on Friday with the Big Green Statement on the park where over 500 people spelt out the University's carbon commitment on Victoria Park, including local councilors and Professor Sir Bob Burgess.
A full review of the event and further articles about Big Green Week will be online soon.


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Tasmanian Aboriginal soldiers
Contribution and sacrifice
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders have served in Australian military forces from as far back as the Boer War.
More than 1 000 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders enlisted in World War One, including a number of Tasmanian Aboriginal men. At the time, Indigenous Australians were not lawfully able to vote, marry a non-Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander person, drink alcohol, own property, receive award wages or move freely around the country.
Many Indigenous Australians who tried to enlist were rejected on the grounds of race.
Those who successfully enlisted found life in the armed forces exposed them to equal treatment and mutual respect as they shared the same conditions and levels of pay in the trenches of the Western Front and the Middle East.
Unfortunately, the equality experienced during war disappeared when they returned to civilian life at home. Many could not participate in soldier settlement schemes or share a drink with their mates.
At the outbreak of World War One, about 170 Aboriginal people lived on Cape Barren Island and of the 27 men deemed eligible to serve, 21 enlisted and served at Gallipoli, in Flanders, and on the Somme. Six of the men from Cape Barren Island were killed.
Australian Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders enlisted in World War Two with dozens dying in prisoner of war camps.
In World War Two, about 23 Tasmanian Aboriginal men fought overseas, and approximately another 10 served in the Vietnam War.
Many details about Tasmanian Aboriginal soldiers remain unclear; information or research in this area would be appreciated as the Centenary of ANZAC seeks to remember the role of Tasmanian Aboriginals in military history.
Warning: These webpages about Tasmanian Aboriginal soldiers may contain images of deceased Aboriginal people which may offend Aboriginal and Torres Strait people.


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Introduction: Sternalis/rectus sternalis is a rare muscle found in the chest wall. Only 3-5% of the cases are found world wide. Case presentation: Here we report the case of Sternalis in the 60-year-old South Indian male cadaver. This report discusses the origin, orientation, relations of this muscle. Conclusion: Importance of the knowledge of the presence of these rare muscles in clinical diagnosis and therapeutic implications is discussed.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes


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What does PDE mean in Mathematics?
This page is about the meanings of the acronym/abbreviation/shorthand PDE in the Academic & Science field in general and in the Mathematics terminology in particular.
Find a translation for PDE in other languages:
Select another language:
What does PDE mean?
- partial differential equation(noun)
- a differential equation involving a functions of more than one variable


text:
Approximately 185 students from
two high schools in Maine participated in the pilot Local
Fisheries Knowledge (LFK) Project during the 2003-2004
academic year, and another 159 during 2004-2005 academic
Each school created an overarching theme to guide
students' LFK interviews. Students organized into
teams to conduct interviews.
Ellsworth High School
ME. Hancock County.
What does the fishing industry have
to do with Ellsworth High School's communities?
Ellsworth HS. Photo by Grey
At Ellsworth High School, all 10th
grade students in English, science, and
social studies participated
during the 2003/2004 and 2004/2005 academic years
Jonesport-Beals High School
Jonesport, ME. Washington County.
What is our place in the changing face
of Jonesport-Beal's marine culture?
Jonesport-Beals HS. Photo
by Jennifer Isé,
High School, 12th grade students
technology and enterpreneurship classes participated
during the 2003/2004 and 2004/2005 academic years.
The 2005/2006 students include 9 th graders and 12
The communities of Ellsworth and Jonesport are located
in the Downeast region of Maine. This area has
heritage, though fishing has influenced each community to different
degrees. The community of Ellsworth has developed around regional
fisheries by providing support services such as fish processing
Many families in Jonesport and on neighboring
Beals Island have been fishing for a living for over 200
years. Some students
High School will carry on this tradition. During the first
pilot year, 35 of the 125 students at the school
had commercial fishing licenses.
Three of this year's participants already have their lobster permits. Other
students may go on
to work in fisheries related fields, such as fishing
gear construction, boat building, fisheries science, or aquaculture.
The commercial fishing profession and fishing communities,
however, face an uncertain future in Maine. More
about regional fishing issues…


You are here
Bulanglang is a very healthy dish which is hugely popular in Philippines. More or less like a salad, the dish is prepared in different ways in different regions but in most places, the basic recipe and ingredients remain the same. There are both completely vegetarian and non-vegetarian versions of the preparation.
Origin of Bulanglang
Although somewhat disputed, the origin of the dish has been traced back to the Katagalungan Region of Philippines where fruits and vegetables have always been in abundance. The main ingredient of the non-vegetarian version of the dish, the Milkfish, is also easily found in the region. The preparation is a part of everyday cooking across most Batangas households.
Bulanglang RecipeIngredients
Main ingredients of the preparation are over-ripe guava, pechay leaves, onion, garlic, radish, salt, whole pepper, finger pepper and root ginger. For the non-vegetarian version, 2 large milkfish, locally known as Bangus, are sliced and added.
Ingredients of the dish are almost always consistent. However, some prefer to change the meat used and add pork or chicken instead of fish.
Bulanglang RecipePreparation
Making the dish is fairly easy and does not take more than a few minutes. All the vegetables and fruits are combined and boiled and the milkfish, pepper and salt are added. The mixture is cooked for sometime, pechay leaves are added and Bulanglang is ready to be served.
Eating and Serving Bulanglang
The dish is served and consumed hot, especially the non-vegetarian version. Depending on individual preferences, however, it can be eaten warm, at room temperature or chilled. Guava flavoring or tamarind flavoring can be added for more taste.
Although a salad, the dish is considered a wholesome meal in itself and consumed as one. Some, however, prefer to serve it alongside a bigger lunch or dinner meal or as an appetizer.
Health and Nutrition Facts of Bulanglang
Since the dish is made entirely from vegetables and fruits and there is no frying method involved, the preparation is very healthy and a perfect food for those looking to diet. Even the non-vegetarian Bulanglang is fairly healthy as it contains fish.


Definition of Phlegmatic
1. Adjective. Showing little emotion. "A phlegmatic...and certainly undemonstrative man"
Exact synonyms: Phlegmatical
Similar to: Unemotional
Derivative terms: Phlegm, Phlegm, Phlegm, Phlegm
Definition of Phlegmatic
1. a. Watery.
Definition of Phlegmatic
1. Adjective. Not easily excited to action or passion; calm; sluggish. ¹
2. Adjective. (archaic) Abounding in phlegm; as, phlegmatic humors; a phlegmatic constitution. ¹
3. Adjective. Generating, causing, or full of phlegm. ¹
4. Adjective. Watery. ¹
5. Noun. One who has a phlegmatic disposition. ¹
¹ Source:
Definition of Phlegmatic
1. [adj]
Medical Definition of Phlegmatic
1. 1. Watery. "Aqueous and phlegmatic." 2. Abounding in phlegm; as, phlegmatic humors; a phlegmatic constitution. 3. Generating or causing phlegm. "Cold and phlegmatic habitations." 4. Not easily excited to action or passion; cold; dull; sluggish; heavy; as, a phlegmatic person. Phlegmatic temperament, lymphatic temperament. See Lymphatic. Origin: L. Phlegmaticus, Gr., cf. F. Phlegmatique. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998)
Phlegmatic Pictures
Lexicographical Neighbors of Phlegmatic
phlebotomus fever
phlebotomus fever viruses
phlegmasia alba dolens
phlegmasia cerulea dolens
phlegmasia dolens
phlegmasia malabarica
phlegmatic (current term)
Literary usage of Phlegmatic
1. Psychology, Or, A View of the Human Soul: Including Anthropology, Adapted by Friedrich August Rauch (1853)
"V The phlegmatic Temperament. In this, self-possession prevails, which does not... The phlegmatic temperament has frequently been wronged, and looked on as..."
"CHAP, phlegmatic people, ignorant of his language, was transLIX ported by the pathetic vehemence of hie tone and gestures ; and his progress,..."
3. The Domestic World: A Practical Guide in All the Daily Difficulties of the by Robert Kemp Philp (1872)
"In sanguine and choleric the outline is convex ; phlegmatic and melancholic outline with... phlegmatic. — The body bears a large proportion to the limbs,..."
4. The Principles of Medical Psychology: Being the Outlines of a Course of Lectures by Ernst Feuchtersleben, Benjamin Guy Babington (1847)
"... the same, with slow, but enduring activity, gives the phlegmatic temperament.1 § 50. The sanguine temperament manifests, on the psychical side,..."
5. The Institutes of Medicine by Martyn Paine (1867)
"THE phlegmatic, OR LYMPHATIC TEMPERAMENT. 600, a. The phlegmatic is characterized by slothfulness of mind, and by a simpler display of vegetative life than..."
6. The History of America by William Robertson (1800)
"... evidence that they muft be p^P1"'"^ TH-V'either a very gentle, or of a very phlegmatic temper, who,..."
7. The History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England by Edward Hyde Clarendon (1807)
"... he made hafte to retract that confidence, and was in all his difpatches afterwards phlegmatic enough;..."
Other Resources Relating to: Phlegmatic
Search for Phlegmatic on!Search for Phlegmatic on!Search for Phlegmatic on Google!Search for Phlegmatic on Wikipedia!


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are oranges named orange because they're orange or is orange called orange because oranges are orange
which came first: the orange or orange
Orange was first used to refer to the fruit around 1300 but not used as a color word until around 1540.
then what was the colour called before then
there was no colour everything was in black and white


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As a historian I have seen lots of memorials in churches in Britain and Europe, but this is very unusual – possibly unique.
Tudor monuments often show effigies of the parents recumbent above of their children lined up in order of size, praying for them. Sons are generally on the left, and daughters on the right. But the furtherest – ie youngest – on the right here is a short haired character, so a son, with its arm through that of his sister who was probably his twin. It even shows him at a slight distance from her, as if being led by her.
This looks like a blind boy, which in turn begs the question of why this monument is so unusual. Given how many stories there are of blind people in the Bible, of blind people being noted as being in need of alms etc, why does this memorial stand out?
Was blindness ignored in effigies or were blind people kept out of sight, so were – apart from professional beggars – invisible?


Maj Augustus Leacock Marsh _PHONE_, 55th Regiment
Born: April 1823 and died 8 March 1876 at South Yeo, North Devon.
Son of: George Augustus Eliott Marsh MA (_PHONE_) who married Julia Murdock (1792?-1854).
Brother of:
3. Charles Smith Marsh (1823?-1845) buried on the Island of Madeira.
Married: 20 October 1864 Susan Agnes Scott, daughter of Gen Sir Hopton Stratford Scott and Lady Scott.
Augustus and Susan had issue:
1. Julia Augusta Feist (nee Marsh), who married Frederick Herman Feist.
2. Capt Hopton Elliott Marsh RA, who married, 30 Dec 1896, in St George's Cathedral, Kingston, Ontario, Ethel Lucretia Jean Taylor, daughter of Lieut Duncan Norton Taylor and Harriett Liddle Taylor (nee Hoyles).
3.?
4.?
5.?
6.?
3. We know about Augustus from the "History of the Ancient Family of Marsh" by Joseph J. Green, Archivist and Genealogist, 1903, revised to date by Wm. Ernest Marsh, of Marston, Bromley, Kent, 1912. Page 248.
This reads as follows:
(Home) (Biographies) (Bookplates) (Contact)


You Might Missing The Difference Between Arteries and Veins
The very basic difference between Arteries and Veins is that arteries contribute to supply the oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body parts while veins contribute to supply the deoxygenated blood from body parts back to the heart. The arteries are red in color while the Veins are blue.
Difference between Arteries and Veins
Difference between Arteries and Veins
Ever confused about these two terms?
Let's dig more into details
Difference between Arteries and Veins in tabular form :
1. Carries oxygenated blood which is rich in nutrients and oxygen as well. Carries deoxygenated blood which lacks oxygen and can also be known as impure blood.
2. Deeply situated within the body. Situated close to the skin (as you can see in arms).
3. Red in color. Blue in color.
4. Possess rigid, thicker, and highly muscular walls. Possess thin and soft walls.
5. Supply blood from cardiac muscle (heart) to various body parts. Supply blood from various body parts back to cardiac muscle.
6. Possess a narrow lumen (diameter in the pipe). Possess a wide lumen.
7. Have a high-pressure flow of blood in them. Possess a low-pressure flow of blood.
8. It contains a lower blood volume of around 15% of the body's blood. It contains a higher volume of blood which is around 65% of the whole body.
9. In comparison to veins, arteries Have high oxygen and low carbon dioxide. Have low oxygen and high carbon dioxide.
10. Arteries Possess no valves Possess valves to allow blood flow upward from the lower body.
11. It can be at greater risk of diseases like Angina Pectoris and Atherosclerosis because of the presence of oxygen (oxygen allows micro-organisms to survive). At the lower risk of diseases but can also acquire a few like Varicose Vein.
12. Arteries get empty at the time of death At the time of death, these get filled up.
13. The thickest layer that is present in arteries is 'tunica media'. Tunica adventitia' is the thickest layer considered
14. The contraction of the muscle is present in arteries. The contraction is absent in veins.
15. Types of arteries are systematic and pulmonary. Systematic, pulmonary, deep, and superficial are the types of veins.
Definition of Artery
The artery is defined as a blood pipeline or vessel that conveys oxygenated blood from the heart to rest of the body tissues, organs, or body parts. Arteries are muscular tubes lined up by smooth tissues and are a part of the circulatory system employed to convey oxygen and nutrient-rich blood to body tissues.
What Are The Types of Arteries:
There are three types of arteries known which are:
 1. Muscular arteries.
 2. Elastic Arteries.
 3. Arterioles.
Muscular Arteries: These are muscular in such a way that the walls of these arteries are lined up with muscle fibers that are responsible for the characteristic these arteries have to contract and relax.
Muscular arteries somehow rely on elastic arteries as elastic arteries are responsible for the blood supply in the muscle fibers that are present in the walls of muscular arteries.
Elastic Arteries: These types of arteries are considered large vessels that are just coming out of the heart as the aorta and pulmonary artery, these are also known types of elastic arteries.
These are flexible as the name tells, have the ability to vacuum the blood out to keep the circulation moving around. These have the elastic characteristic due to the protein present in there known as elastin.
Arterioles: These are considered the smallest artery type that serves to branch out blood from large arteries to the capillary network
Definition of the vein:
The vein is defined as the vessel or pipeline that carries back the blood from the rest of the body to the heart. The blood that it carries back to the heart is now deoxygenated because the oxygen it has before is utilized by the body tissues and now it is going back to heart to get itself utilized.
Veins possess less muscle and are thinner than arteries but overall basic makeup of both is the same.
What are the types of veins?
Majorly these Veins are categorized into two types which are:
 1. Systematic veins.
 2. Pulmonary Veins.
However, there are some scientists who further classify systematic veins into three more subtypes, which are:
 1. Deep veins.
 2. Superficial veins.
 3. Connecting veins.
Deep veins: These are considered the subtype of systematic veins that posses a corresponding artery and are exist in the muscle tissue.
Superficial veins: These veins are considered as the nearest to the skin layer and do not have a corresponding artery present.
Connecting veins: These are the 3rd subtype of systematic veins that are employed to allow blood flow from the superficial to deep veins.
Some similarities between arteries and veins:
Both are blood vessels and are part of the circulatory system.
2. Both are blood transporters.
3. Both are majorly composed of three layers which are tunica adventitia, tunica media, the tunica intima.
4. Both are muscular layers that are responsible for relaxation and contraction
5. Both are cardiac associated.
Anatomy of arteries and veins:
there are three major layers in arteries and veins:
 1. Tunica adventitia.
 2. Tunica media.
 3. Tunica intima.
Tunica adventitia: the external covering of vessels that consists of proteins like elastin and collagen. the covering enables the vessel to contract and relax. the characteristic of getting the contract and relax is to manage blood pressure.
Tunica media: the middle lining of the vessel that is composed of the elastin and muscle fiber. the ratio of the amount of muscle fiber and elastin protein in the layer depends on the type of the vessel.
Tunica intima: the inner blood vessel lining is called tunica intima that the composition of which is divided into the tissue, elastic membrane, and also sometimes include valves that assist blood flow in the appropriate direction.
Why pressure is higher in our arteries than in our veins?
You just have to remember that all the pressure in our blood vessels is created when the heart pumps and expels out the blood while systole. The arteries subdivide until they form capillaries where the nutrients exchange takes place. These capillaries are flexible due to which some of the pressure is absorbed by their flexibility. More the distance from the heart, less will be the pressure.
In short, these large vessels split into millions of tiny vessels, due to which pressure in these vessels is low. Coming further ahead these vessels converge in relatively low-pressure veins.
Oxygenated and De-oxygenated Blood:
Our body's bloodstream.possesses two types of blood Oxygenated and De-oxygenated blood. Oxygenated blood is rich in oxygen while de-oxygenated blood lacks oxygen.
We can also say it in such a way that de-oxygenated blood carries more carbon dioxide which is going to be kicked out from the body through exhalation and oxygenated blood carries more oxygen which is going to be delivered to the rest of the body cells, tissues and organs. Remember, cells join together and make tissues and tissues make organs (Cells > Tissues > Organs).
If we talk about the visual appearance of these two types of blood then oxygenated blood is of bright red color while de-oxygenated is of dark red to bluish in color. Oxygenated blood always travels in arteries from the heart to the rest of the body. Deoxygenated blood always travels in veins that's why it is also called venous blood and it travels always from the rest of the body to the heart.
After going through the above article we can now conclude that there are tons of differences between arteries and veins and these are few of them. These are major participants in the circulatory system as one of them works to push blood away from the heart and one work to push back the blood to the heart.
What is deoxygenated blood?
Simple, the blood that possesses no oxygen in it is called as deoxygenated blood and it is carried by veins from the body back to the heart to be oxygenized.
What is oxygenated blood?
The blood that possesses oxygen in it is called as oxygenated blood. It is carried by the arteries from the heart to rest of the body.
What is the color of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood?
Both are red in color but the oxygenated blood is bright red in color while the deoxygenated blood looks dark red in color.
What is the color of arteries?
Arteries possess red color and are situated deep in the body.
What is the color of veins?
Veins possess blue color and are situated close to the skin layer.
Who discovered that arteries carry blood?
Willian Harvey is the scientist who discovered that the arteries carry blood.
What is the major difference between arteries and veins?
Arteries are employed to supply the oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body tissues while veins contribute to supply the deoxygenated blood from body parts back to the heart.
4 thoughts on "You Might Missing The Difference Between Arteries and Veins
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Tom Godwin
The Survivors
Listen in app
The Survivors (aka Space Prison) is a science fiction novel by Tom Godwin.
Ragnarok has a gravity 1.5 times that of Earth, and is populated by deadly, aggressive creatures and it contains little in the way of usable metal ores. This, combined with a terrible deadly fever that kills in hours, more than decimates the population. The novels follows the stranded humans through several generations as they try to survive there, and their unswerving goal to repay the Gerns for their cruelty.
The Survivors was first published in 1958. The novel was published again by Pyramid Books in 1960 under the title Space Prison. The novel is an expansion of Godwin's story Too Soon to Die which first appeared in the magazine Venture. AUDIO: read by Mark Nelson, reading time 5 hours 55 min. Unabridged full version. Also available as E-Book: ePUB, 54,500 words, average reading time 4 hours, 30 min.
Tom Godwin (_PHONE_) was an American science fiction author, who published three novels and thirty short stories.
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Greeks in Albania
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Northern Epirotes
SpyromiliosKonstantinos ZappasGeorgios Christakis-ZografosPyrros Dimas
Provisional Government of Northern Epirus
Spyromilios • Konstantinos Zappas • Georgios Christakis-Zografos • Pyrros Dimas
Northern Epirote Declaration of Independence
Total population
est. over 215,000
Regions with significant populations
Albania, Greece, United States, Australia
Albania and Greece est. 200.000[1][2]
United States of America over 15,000 (est. 1965) [3]
Greek, Himariote Greek dialect (in the Himarë region)
also Albanian and English depending on the residing place
Orthodox Christianity
The Greeks of Albania are ethnic Greeks who live in Albania. They are mostly in the south of the country.
The Greek language can only be spoken in'minority zones'.
References[change | change source]
 3. Albania's Captives. Pyrrhus J. Ruches. Argonaut, 1965. P.6 "...over 15,000 Northern Epirotes and their families are integrated in the thriving Greek-American community..."


Technology Musings
Super Fuzzy Searching on PostgreSQL
I have been working on doing some fuzzy searching on PostgreSQL for a while, and thought I'd share some of my experiences here. Many people are not yet aware of the incredible fuzzy search capabilities of PostgreSQL, especially that were added in the 9.1 release.
Most people use an external engine such as Lucene to do fuzzy searches. While, as you will see, there are still reasons to do so, they are much fewer now than they used to be.
Fuzzy Search Using Trigrams
While PostgreSQL has lots of different fuzzy search options (soundex, levenshtein, etc.), the one which has the most support is trigram searching. What is a trigram? Trigrams break a word up into 3-letter sequences, which can then be used to do similarity matches. Think of the word "hello". It has the following trigrams: "h", "he", "hel", "ell", "llo", "lo", and "o". Now look at the word "hallo". It has the following trigrams: "h", "ha", "hal", "all", "llo", "lo", and "o". You can see that there are several trigrams that match, and several that don't match. Similarity is computed via cosine similarity (which I don't totally understand), but, basically, the more trigrams you have in common the closer the match. In the present case, 'hallo' and 'hello' have a similarity of 0.333333. You can see this in PostgreSQL by saying:
select similarity('hello', 'hallo')
PostgreSQL also has two other relevant operators that use similarity - the "<->" operator and the "%" operator. "<->" is the "distance" operator, which is simply one minus the similarity (i.e. if the similarity is 0.2 the distance will be 0.8). For text searching, "%" is the "similar" operator, which returns true if two strings are similar, or false if they are not. Two strings are defined as "similar" if their similarity is 0.3 or greater. This can be set with set_limit(), but it is not usually useful to do so (we will deal with custom similarities later). The "%" operator is important, because of its heavy use in indexing.
Installing Trigrams
The trigram module (pg_trgm) is not installed by default in PostgreSQL, but is one of their standard (and supported!) extensions. To install, you need to make sure you build the module in the source code. To do this, go into the contrib/pg_trgm directory of the source code and do a "make; make install". This will install the plugin, but will not activate it. Then, in any database you want to use this plugin, put in the command:
This will load the necessary SQL to install the functions and operators needed to make trigrams work. If you type that command in the template1 database, then all future databases created on that system will have the extension installed.
Using Trigrams Without an Index
The simplest use of trigrams would be to have a table with a name column, and do a search like this:
SELECT * FROM people WHERE lastname % 'Schmoe'
This will return a list of people where the trigram similarity is greater than the default threshold. If you want to specify the similarity you are looking for, you can change that to:
SELECT * FROM people WHERE similarity(lastname, 'Schmoe') > 0.5
This will give a less-tolerant match than the default.
The problem with doing this is that it takes a lot of processing power. The reason people usually use databases is because they have a huge number of records and need to be able to search them quickly. If we have 10,000 records, manually doing trigram matches will take quite a bit of time.
So, one of the best features of PostgreSQL 9.1 is the ability for PostgreSQL to incorporate trigrams into an index. So, to make an index to speed up our search, do:
CREATE INDEX people_lastname_trigram_idx ON people USING gist(lastname gist_trgm_ops);
This will create a "gist" index, which is a special type of index which is often used in spacial and other vector-oriented matching. The "gist_trgm_ops" is a little bit of magic that tells gist how to use a text field as a vector of trigrams.
Now, your query will use the index, provided you have enough rows to make it worthwhile. HOWEVER, it is not yet using the index efficiently. While PostgreSQL can (and will) use the index for this query, it doesn't actually check the condition until a later step (I believe, but am not sure, that it is using the index to get everything in the right order, and then at a later stage doing filtering). For large tables, this can still be several orders of magnitude worse than you want. To fix this, you MUST use the "%" operator. This will cause the index to have an "index condition", which it will use to limit the results that it puts out. So, if you have:
SELECT * FROM people WHERE lastname % 'Schmoe';
This will use the index AND the index condition, and will be super-fast (except in extremely large datasets - see next section). However, this uses the built-in cutoff point of 0.3 similarity. What if I want my results to be tighter than that? The best way is to combine % with similarity(), like this:
SELECT * FROM people WHERE lastname % 'Schmoe' AND similarity(lastname, 'Schmoe') > 0.5;
In this case, the database will use the "%" condition for the index, which will be incredibly fast, and the "similarity()" call as a post-index filter, which, since there is a much smaller dataset, will still be pretty fast.
Working With Larger Datasets
I had trouble working with trigrams because my main dataset is about 14 million titles. At this size, trigram searching is really slow. With the whole database loaded in-memory (either in PG's cache or in the filesystem cache - I have many, many gigs of memory), a trigram search of the database USING THE INDEX took between 3 and 12 seconds, depending on the string. Poking around, I came out with the following basic results for a database on an Amazon EC2 4XL instance without any other load:
 - 100,000 records: 40 milliseconds
 - 1,000,000 records: 0.4 seconds
 - 14,000,000 records: 7 seconds
So, as you can see, the useful limit to these queries is about 1 million records. Therefore, if you have more than 14 million rows, if you want to do trigrams, you need to find a way to boost performance. I've found there are two basic methods you can use to speed up trigrams on large datasets:
 1. Create specialized indexes with subsets of your data
 2. Create a separate wordlist table with unique words
#1 is much preferred if you can do it, because it is an entirely database-oriented method. Basically, what I did, is I figured out that on my queries I only needed to trigram search on about 1 million of my 14 million records. Therefore, I specialized the index by adding a "WHERE" clause to the index itself. On my database, I have a "type" field, and I'm only searching certain types of records. Therefore, I changed my index to the following:
CREATE INDEX people_lastname_restricted_trigram_idx ON people USING gist(lastname gist_trgm_ops) WHERE type IN ('my_type1','my_type2');
This meant that only about a million records were being stored in the index, which brought down my search time considerably. Another search that I was doing was based on the person's "popularity", in which case, I added another index for popularity being greater than 20. This restricted the set down to about 100,000 records, which made it blazingly fast.
The other alternative (#2) I mentioned is to create a separate table of words which is searched. The idea is that while you may have 14 million records, there probably aren't 14 million words. Therefore, you create a table using unique words from the database, and then add a trigram index on that. The problem, though, is that this takes either (a) a lot of manual work, or (b) a lot of triggers, none of which is the way I like to administer databases. Nonetheless, it can work if you are merely wanting to use trigrams to fuzzy-match individual words. It can be especially helpful in conjunction with PostgreSQL's full-text search (previously known as tsearch2), which still operates blazingly-fast on 14 million records. Fuzzy string matching on words can be combined with full-text search on records to present a powerful and fast method of searching. The wordlist can be fuzzy-matched to provide better hints at what words are in the fulltext.
To create a wordlist, do something like this:
CREATE TABLE search_words (word text);
CREATE INDEX search_words_word_trigram_idx ON search_words USING gist(word gist_trgm_ops);
Then, every time you need to


text: Look at the photo of the reindeer. 1. Tap the button. 2. Use the button to write at least three adjectives about the reindeer. Change the style of the label if you want to be creative. 3. Use the button and write a sentence that describes your reindeer. 4. Use the button to record your sentence. 5. Tap the to add to your journal.


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How do Deaf and Hearing-impaired Children Adapt Language Development?
Student Toni Montella
Faculty Mentor(s) Dr. B. Lively
Department Education
Course INST 482: Issues in Education
There has always been a gap in adapting language between deaf and hearing students, because of the advantage that hearing students have over deaf ones, namely, the ability to hear sounds in words. If children have never heard sounds, then how are they to adapt to a spoken language that consists of phonemes and phonographs? How do deaf and hearing-impaired students experience primarily sound-based language development? To find out, I surveyed sign language interpreters, parents of hearing and deaf children, and deaf and hearing children. Overall, there is no adaptation to a sound-based language per se. Deaf and hearing-impaired children mainly adapt to a gesture-oriented overview of language that does not mirror the grammar of spoken English.
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Synonyms Card Sort
Synonyms Card Sort
This card sort activity is intended for practice identifying pairs of synonyms. The five sets of cards contain 14 cards each. The student may work on the card sort
independently or with a partner.
*Note that there is often more than one synonym for a given word. Students should choose the best match from the cards provided.
Included in this material
 - 5 sets of synonym cards (7 pairs of synonyms per set), with card set number labeled on each card
 - Answer key
 - Recording sheet
Words Used in the Sorts
Set 1
: amazing/remarkable, boring/tiresome, crazy/foolish, happy/delighted, like/enjoy, quiet/calm, speak/talk
Set 2: assist/aid, beautiful/attractive, certain/sure, change/alter, interesting/fascinating, look/watch, love/adore
Set 3: emphasize/accentuate, excellent/superior, finish/complete, main/primary, new/recent, pleasant/agreeable, small/miniature
Set 4: basic/essential, choose/select, distant/remote, imagine/ponder, make/produce, perfect/flawless, regular/routine
Set 5: available/accessible, create/establish, describe/depict, discover/explore, distribute/disburse, equivalent/tantamount, severe/harsh
Using the Card Sorts
Before use, print, laminate, and cut the cards to be used.
1. Set out the heading card for the set being used (ex: Synonyms Set 1).
2. Choose a card and place it on the work surface. Take a second card and decide if it is
a synonym for the card already out. If so, place it next to the synonym. If not, place
the card below to create a column.
3. Continue until all cards are sorted, creating pairs of synonyms. If a child is unsure of
the meaning of a word, encourage the use of a dictionary (or thesaurus).
4. Check work with the answer key.
5. Record work in a language notebook or on the included recording sheet.
Extension Activity
If desired, have students do an extension after completing the card sort. To check their
understanding, have them write an additional synonym for several of the pairs of
synonyms matched, if possible. Have thesauruses available for use as resources!
Purchase this material now through TeachersPayTeachers or Teachers Notebook!
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text:
Resolutions Without Dissent
THE POWER OF ONE
The Queensland strata legislation, like other States' legislation, includes varying motion types which necessitate different levels of voting support in order to become resolutions. Each State has unique categories of motions and different threshold voting requirements for such motions to be approved. Whilst there is some overlap, a special resolution in one jurisdiction may have a different meaning in another (at least in terms of the way votes are calculated).
In Queensland, the Body Corporate and Community Management Act 1997 prescribes the following resolution types (for general meetings):
- Ordinary resolution
- Majority resolution
- Special resolution
- Resolution without dissent
The most common resolution type is an ordinary resolution. Such a resolution is calculated quite simply in terms of a majority of those voting. The motion passes if there are more votes in favour than against. The qualifying aspect to this is if somebody (anybody entitled to vote) requests a 'poll'. In such circumstances, the motion is passed if the total contribution lot entitlements in favour of the motion are more than the total contribution lot entitlements against the motion. An ordinary resolution is the only resolution type where a poll can be requested.
One infrequently used resolution type is a majority resolution. Because they are rarely required, there seems to be a tendency to assume (incorrectly) that a majority resolution is the same as an ordinary resolution – after all, it talks about a 'majority' doesn't it? However, they are quite different things. A majority resolution is calculated based on the total number of lots in the scheme. The resolution carries only if the votes in favour of the motion are more than half of the lots entitled to vote on the motion. Given the general apathy and low voting turnout at general meetings, obtaining the required support for a majority resolution can be quite difficult.
Another misconception that owners and others in the strata sector frequently seem to have is the voting requirements for a special resolution. There appears to be a common assumption that such a resolution requires a simple 75% majority. Whilst perhaps that might be useful as a 'rule of thumb', the counting of votes for a special resolution is quite different. The test is a three-tier one, and requires all of the following requirements to be satisfied:
- At least two-thirds of the votes cast are in favour of the motion.
- The votes counted against the motion are not more than 25% of the number of lots in the scheme.
- The contribution lot entitlements for lots voting against the motion are not more than 25% of the total contribution lot entitlements for the scheme.
That brings us to the final resolution type and the purpose of my commentary in this newsletter – the resolution without dissent. Such a resolution quite simply requires that no vote is cast against the motion. What's more, this resolution type does not prohibit owners who owe a body corporate debt at the time of the meeting from voting on the motion. Accordingly, a single owner (financial or unfinancial) can ensure that such a motion does not carry – and this frequently occurs.
It holds true that there will be very serious decisions that a body corporate will need to make from time to time that should require strong majority support – even beyond the requirements of a majority or special resolution. However, the question arises as to whether a unanimous voting requirement is a step too far?
Of course, there will be those that point out that any failure of a resolution without dissent to pass can be the subject of challenge in the Commissioner's Office – the relevant test being whether it failed to pass 'because of opposition that in the circumstances is unreasonable' – a test for which we have High Court authority (Ainsworth v Albrecht HCA 40).
However, that still means that valuable time and resources are consumed in seeking to have an unreasonable vote overturned in the Commissioner's Office. Conversely, if one or two votes were insufficient to prevent the passing of the motion, it would be up to those 'aggrieved' owners to take the initiative and commence dispute resolution proceedings to challenge the passing of the motion. Without good cause and reasons for their dissent, most owners will probably not take up this option – particularly as frivolous or vexatious applications can be dismissed with costs.
That brings us to another question about whether the current statutory maximum of $2,000.00 is sufficient to discourage the lodging of frivolous or vexatious applications. Certainly not in my opinion. However, that is a debate for a different day – and a different newsletter!
Article Written by Jarad Maher (26 May 2021)
Liability limited by a scheme approved under Professional Standards Legislation
Disclaimer – This article is provided for information purposes only and should not be regarded as legal advice.
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I posed the question here, but get no answers yet.
Let $R$ be a PID, $M$ be an $R$-module. If $M$ is isomorphic to $r$ copies of cyclic primary module $R/\langle p^s\rangle$ where $p$ is a prime element of $R$, then does $M$ possess the following property?
Given any submodule $N$ of $M$ isomorphic to $R/\langle p^{s_1}\rangle\oplus\cdots\oplus R/\langle p^{s_r}\rangle$, $M/N$ is isomorphic to $R/\langle p^{s-s_1}\rangle\oplus\cdots\oplus R/\langle p^{s-s_r}\rangle$.
share|improve this question
This is better suited for MSE. You could start with $r=1$, with $M=R/p^sR$, $N=R/p^{s_1}R$. – Dietrich Burde Jun 26 '13 at 8:23
1 Answer 1
up vote 3 down vote accepted
Choose generators $n_1,\dotsc,n_r$ for $N$ with $p^{s_i}n_i=0$. It is not hard to see that the annihilator of $p^{s_i}$ on $M$ is $p^{s-s_i}M$, so we can choose $m_i$ with $p^{s-s_i}m_i=n_i$. If we can prove that the elements $m_i$ form a basis for $M$ over the ring $R/p^s$, then everything else is clear.
The given assumptions on $N$ imply that the elements $p^{s-1}m_i=p^{s_i-1}n_i$ are linearly independent over $R/p$ in the space $M[p]=\{m\in M:pm=0\}$, and by counting dimensions they must form a basis. Multiplication by $p^{s-1}$ gives an isomorphism $M/pM\to M[p]$, so the elements $m_i$ form a basis for $M/pM$ over $R/p$.
We can certainly write $m_i=\sum_ja_{ij}e_j$ for some matrix $A=(a_{ij})$ over $R$, where $e_1,\dotsc,e_r$ is the standard basis for $M$. The above shows that $\det(A)$ is invertible mod $p$. It follows easily that it is invertible mod $p^s$ as well, which proves the claim.
My argument refers to $p^{s_i-1}$ and so does not immediately work if $s_i=0$ for some $i$, but that can be cured with a few more steps.
share|improve this answer
Following is the way I can think of to work for the case when some $s_i=0$. Get $m_i$'s in your argument for nonzero $s_i$'s, and prove that they are $R$-linearly independent by showing a correspinding minor of $A$ is invertible mod $p^s$. Then extend these $m_i$'s to an $R$-basis of $M$ as $M$ is homocyclic. Is there any simpler way? – Binzhou Xia Jul 13 '13 at 13:17
Your Answer


text:
The Pennsylvania Migration Count (PAMC)
Posted: April 30, 2011
Saturday 14 May, 2011
*What is the Pennsylvania Migration Count? The Pennsylvania Migration Count (PAMC) was established to gather annual data on migratory bird populations, and to help answer some fundamental questions regarding their distribution throughout Pennsylvania. PAMC is an annual one-day snapshot of bird populations within our state. Which species are present, and where are they? How many are there? Do migratory patterns change from year to year? Do populations of specific species change from year to year? Which birds are thriving, and more importantly, which are struggling? By identifying declining or otherwise at-risk species, it is hoped that steps can be taken toward assisting their future survival.
*How does it work? The Pennsylvania Migration Count takes place each spring on the second Saturday in May, in conjunction with International Migratory Bird Day. PAMC is similar to the Christmas Bird Count (CBC). The difference is that PAMC takes place on a countywide basis, rather than within the confines of a CBC circle. The rules are simple: spend some time in the field counting all birds encountered in a specified area, and keep track of miles traveled and time spent counting. Participants are free to roam their favorite county birding locales at any time during the 24 hour period, starting at 12:01am, counting every bird that they find. Totals are passed along to county compilers, who, in turn, report to the state compiler. The state compiler maintains the PAMC data, and an annual report is published in Pennsylvania Birds, the journal of the Pennsylvania Society for Ornithology (PSO).
*When was it initiated? The Pennsylvania Migration Count originated as part of the continent-wide North American Migration Count (NAMC) in 1992, when there were 141 observers in 10 Pennsylvania counties. The count grew steadily in popularity in PA over the years, and was renamed PAMC in 2003, reflective of the fact that the national count was struggling everywhere but in Pennsylvania. Last year 704 observers from 40 counties participated in the PAMC. They counted 153,429 birds of 219 different species in over 2248 field hours. This year there are already more counties committed while we are always looking for more people to help.
*How can I get invovled? Birders of all skill levels can help out with the count. Beginning at midnight with the songs of the Whip-poor-wills and the hooting of the Great Horned Owls, the PAMC is a great way to spend time outside. Whether you tally birds in your backyard, at your feeders, the local little league ballfield, along the river, on a lake, at your camp or spend time hiking through a state park, your observations count. Forms and information for PAMC participation are available from your county compiler, or go online at _URL_ Data can be submitted via e-mail or post. If participating or for more information, please contact the county compiler first, to avoid duplicate submissions from the same area. If no compiler, contact _EMAIL_ for submission or assistance.


text:
Studies demonstrate the impact of effective architecture in schools
Recent research suggests that subtle changes to a learning environment can significantly alter a child's academic performance. The study, compiled by the Girls' Day School Trust (England and Wales) indicates that girls and boys will respond differently to certain spaces, conditions and temperatures, and emphasises the importance of utilising these factors in a positive way.
While girls seem to learn most effectively at a temperature of 24°C, boys prefer a cooler 21°C. Further scientific studies suggest that large atriums may produce a negative impact on girls, who learn better in small, intimate spaces, while soft surfaces produce a positive effect. Longer, hour-long classes suit girls better than boys, who perform better in short bursts of 30 minutes. These findings highlight the responsibility of the architect to design with these outcomes in mind, reiterating the power of effective architecture to change society for the better.


text:
Beam Element Analytical Model of Thin-walled Beam Structure
MB Guo-jun, QIAN Ruo-jun (Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China)
In this paper, a kind of thin-walled beam element analytical model that can be used in the elastic analysis of thin-walled beam structure was presented. Based on the space beam element analytical model, an improved displacement model was adopted. It can consider the possible patterns of the deformation of thin-walled beam, such as tension or compression, shear, bending, torsion and warping, and their coupling effect. Thus the element shape function was derived. According to the definition of Green strain, the expression of normal strain of element was constituted using the method of expanding Taylor series. And the corresponding thin-walled element stiffness equation was formulated. The apparent formulation of element stiffness matrix under the local coordination was attained. According to the thin-walled beam element analytical model obtained by this paper, the interrelated structural calculating program was worked out. The numerical example validates the element stiffness matrix. Finally the comparison between the space beam model and the thin-walled beam model indicates the effect of section warping on the thin-walled beam structure.


text:
Central plate for 2 RJ outlets, flat model. The central plate has a transparent text field to which you can easily add text or icons. Finishing colour: gold coated.
Central plate data 2x RJ, gold coated.
- Material central plate: The central plate is enamelled and made of rigid PC and ASA.
- Colour: alu-look gold
- Text field: At the top, the central plate is equipped with a hinged, non-transparent window with label. Dimensions label: 9.5 x 42.4 mm.
- Dismantling: To dismount simply pull the central plate off the mechanism.
- Protection degree: IP41 for the combination of a mechanism, central plate and faceplate
- Impact resistance: The combination of a mechanism, a central plate and a faceplate has an impact-resistance of IK06
- Fire safety
- The plastic parts of the central plate are self-extinguishing (comply with a filament test of 650°C)
- The plastic parts of the central plate are halogen-free.
- Dimensions of finishing: 45 x 45 mm (HxW)
- Dimensions (HxWxD): 44.7 x 44.7 x 8.6 mm
- Marking: CE