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How long do skateboards last? When should I replace it?
How long do skateboards last is a common question among skateboarders these days. This article is for you if you'd like to know the answer and tips for maximizing your skateboard's lifespan.
While it is not an easy query to address, the typical lifetime of a skateboard is about two years. In reality, it is mostly determined by several important factors, including the skateboard's manufacturer, efficiency, use, and maintenance.
In this article, I'll go through all causes that influence the lifespan of a skateboard, as well as what you should know to enable your skateboard to last longer.
See also:
Factors impacting skateboard's life?
 - Always double-check if the wheels are properly tightened. If this isn't the case, use the skate tool to tighten or loosen the skateboard nut in the truck.
 - Be familiar with all of the stunts and tricks associated with skateboarding. If you don't know the fundamentals, don't take all of these seriously.
 - One of the most important factors is skate style. Beginners usually destroy their skateboards easily since they are unfamiliar with the sport.
 - Skating on rails and ledges would easily break down the skateboard because it impacts the skateboard more than usual.
 - Weight is a significant concern. The skateboard is more likely to break down quickly if you are overweight.
 - Many people get irritated and throw the skateboard when they are unable to ride properly. If you don't want your skateboard to crack early and quickly, never do it and try to control yourself.
 - Skateboard durability – Obviously, the higher the quality and robustness of your skateboard, the longer it will last. Skateboards with high quality often cost more money and last longer than inexpensive skateboards, so bear that in mind as well.
how long does a skateboard last
Breaking skateboards
The lifespan of a skateboard varies based on the type of rider
While I mentioned that a skateboard will last around two years, this is only true for average riders. If you want to see how long your skateboard could last, figure out if you're a Daily Rider, Amateur or Professional.
To decide how long does a skateboard last, you must first consider the three styles of skateboard riders and then define which group you belong to.
The daily skateboarder
The daily rider is a skateboarder who only rides from home to work or college, and there are many skateboarders who just ride for fun from a certain location to another location that they favor every day.
Unlike the amateur rider who frequently does stunts and rides with friends, these riders just go out with friends and do stunts on occasion. Regular users should expect skateboards to last at least two to four years, based on where they ride and how they use them.
The amateur skateboarder
The amateur rider is primarily a rider who does not ride day after day, but at least three or four days per week in skateboard-friendly places.
The skateboard of an amateur rider can last at least 6 months to 2 years, and if you maintain it well and just ride occasionally, it can last much longer.
The pro skateboarder
Pro skateboarders are riders who compete in skateboarding events, ride for hours on skateboards, and practice tricks and stunts and nearly every day in order to improve.
Skilled skateboarders damage their boards more rapidly. I know many professionals who adjust their boards monthly since they perform extreme tricks that lead their boards to break down more quickly.
They would like to pay extra for new skateboards. For example, if the manufacturers do not advance the wheels to make them more suitable for skateboarding, they would just substitute them.
how long do skateboards last
Pro skateboarder
How to make your skateboard last longer
Here are good tips to take care of your board so that it can last as long as possible.
Skateboards should be well-maintained.
Your skateboard, like other devices, requires your attention and should be maintained daily. If you ignore it and leave dirt to accumulate on the skateboard for a long time, the effect is irreversible, and you'll have to purchase a new board soon.
Even novice skateboard cleaners will find cleaning a board to be quite quick and easy. To prevent tearing, you should sand the skateboard's sides regularly.
Sanding the edges would keep them clean and protect them from chipping. To remove the wheels from the board's axle, use a skate tool.
Remove the wheel bearings. Brush and rinse them after soaking them.
Using grease, lubricate bearings to clean the trucks and wheels.
The wheels should be immersed in the washing liquid for a short period to soften grime and dirt. However, the rest of the skate should not be.
If it's raining, don't ride your skateboard.
Water damages not just your deck, but also your trucks, bearings, and wheels. When the deck wood gets wet, it becomes soft and quickly breaks or slits apart.
Protect the board from rain and, if it does get wet, dry it quickly with an air dryer. Do not clean the board by dipping it in water because it can cause a lot of damage to the board. To clean the deck, wipe it off with a towel.
how long should a skateboard last
Don't ride your skateboard in the rain
Don't do any stunts or tricks that aren't appropriate for your ability.
Many beginner riders underestimate the difficulty of doing stunts and tricks that are inappropriate for their skill level.
Doing tricks that are not relevant to your skill level is extremely dangerous. It increases your chances of splitting your skateboard into two pieces, especially if you are a beginner rider.
Rather than attempting stunts and tricks that are inappropriate for your skill level, begin with the fundamentals and gradually progress to a more challenging and critical level. This would make you better on the skateboard and reduce the chances of breaking the skateboard.
Riding on sand, glass and stone is not recommended.
Skateboard wheels can be ruined if you ride on sand or glass, and if the skateboard crashes to the ground when standing on rough surfaces, it will be severely damaged.
And if it doesn't crack, it would quickly lose its efficacy. and it will not last for long. So, find a flat road or a designated skate park where you can skateboard smoothly and learn all sorts of tricks.
Avoid slipping on the skateboard's tail.
Many skateboarders like sliding or stopping on the tail, which not just rubs the tail against the surface but may also smash the board after a few tries. So, don't slip on the skateboard's tail because the tail is the most fragile component of the board.
Avoid leaving the skateboard in your car
Many skateboarders make the big mistake of simply leaving skateboards in the car, assuming that keeping their skateboard in a car would be far more reliable than keeping it in a cold place.
However, if you leave your skateboard in the car, the heat will be much higher, which can affect your board, including the trigger and wheels, because these components are heat sensitive.
The issue with a car is that it absorbs the maximum amount of heat while driving in the sun, particularly if the car is black; it will damage your skateboard more seriously.
Shoes Matter
Wearing the best skate shoes can extend the life of your skateboard. When skating, never purchase or wear low-quality shoes. It can put a strain on both your legs and your skateboard. You'll likely get wounded as well if you wear the wrong shoes.
Land skateboard properly
Skateboarding depends solely on landing. If you don't know how to land properly, your skateboard would most likely break down quickly. At the very least, you must try to land on your skateboard with one foot.
Try landing on both feet after you've learned to land with one foot. Every day, practise, practise, practise. Eventually, you'll be able to land on two feet.
Store the skateboard
Many riders who purchase a skate are not even thinking where to place it. There are many skateboarding racks available on the market. They are reliable and do not take up much space.
Furthermore, you do not have to worry about anyone accidentally trampling or damaging your skate. Moisture, cold and heat are rivals of this board. As a result, streets, basement, and car are not suitable places to store it.
I hope that your concern on "how long do skateboards last" has been answered in this article. Riding a skateboard is such a great activity, plus it is inexpensive and enjoyable. The production, repair, use, and quality of a skateboard all affect its lifespan.
If skaters want their boards to last for years, they should only use them on flat and dry surfaces. And after a long trip, remember to clean and lubricate your skateboard to maintain it.
Finally, suppose you want your skateboard to last longer. In that case, I recommend that you practice the fundamentals of skateboarding, advance slowly with the tricks, and purchase the best branded skateboard possible. Best of luck!
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_USER_{Gross2006high, abstract = {With a focus on the role of cultural clustering and income distribution, this paper investigates whether standard determinants influence international migration of workers to France with the same intensity across different skill levels and with or without free mobility. We find that low-skill migrants respond to most push and pull migration factors. High-skill migrants however respond only to financial incentives and cultural clustering does not matter. Migration policy is effective at controlling flows of low-skill migrants but free mobility has no impact on high-skill flows. Hence, France must rely on growing earnings and skillpremium to attract high-skill workers from high income countries.}, address = {M\"{u}nchen}, author = {Dominique M. Gross and Nicolas Schmitt}, copyright = {_URL_ keywords = {F22; J24; O24; 330}, language = {eng}, number = {1797}, publisher = {CESifo}, title = {Why do lowand high-skill workers migrate?: flow evidence from France}, type = {CESifo working paper}, url = {_URL_ year = {2006} }


Quick Answer: Which Gender Is Better At Cooking?
Why is cooking considered feminine?
Because men have physical strength they used to Hunt in earlier days and women were suppose to cook the flesh for them.
Now days nobody cares that who cooked the food as long as it tastes good.
But as women used do to it in the past, that must be the reason it is called Feminine activity..
What does it mean when a woman cooks for a man?
It most likely means that she cares about you on some level. Don't assume too much, though; she may have a romantic interest in you, or she may simply be doing this as an expression of friendship. She probably wouldn't cook for you if she found you completely repulsive, though, so that's something.
Which job is best for female?
What is the most common job for a woman?
Most Common Occupations for Women in the Labor ForceOccupationNumber of WomenRegistered nurses2,092,489Secretaries and administrative assistants2,060,289Elementary and middle school teachers1,933,074Managers, all other1,363,14720 more rows
Is cooking a gender role?
Historically, food preparation and household cooking have been assigned to women, and cooking has been linked to female gender roles and identity. However, with women's increasing participation in the workforce, men have increased their contribution to household work and the gendering of food work is changing.
What gender is cook?
Answer: A cook is a gender-neutral word which describes the person who is an expert in cooking, culinary skills and expertise in culinary arts. The term "cook" is used in tandem with genders not distinguishing masculine from feminine. But both of themmale and female "cook"- are also described using the word "chef".
Is cooking a male dominated industry?
What is a Womens job?
The term "women's work" may indicate a role with children as defined by nature in that only women are biologically capable of performing them: pregnancy, childbirth, and breastfeeding. It may also refer to professions that involve these functions: midwife and wet nurse.
What are traditional female jobs?
Traditional Occupations of Working WomenOccupation2016 Total Women Employed2016 % Women WorkersRegistered Nurses2,791,00090.0%Teachers – Elementary & Middle School2,231,00078.5%Cashiers2,386,00073.2%Retail Salespersons1,603,00048.4%6 more rows•Sep 17, 2017


CPU Case fan: What is Positive, Neutral, and Negative Pressure?
The Cooling system in your PC depends on a lot of configurations. Such as Case configurations, Fan layout, and the Type of Pressure inside the case. Out of these, the most important is the Pressure because it can change the effects you can have on your PC.
So here we are going to talk about the Positive Pressure, Neutral Pressure, and Negative Pressure and what it does means for your Cooling System?
The very first you get when you are trying to build a PC is the Case or Cabinet or Chassis or whatever you call it. The case serves multiple purposes:
1. It houses all of your other computer parts.
2. It creates a cooling environment.
So by creating a cooling environment, the case gives you full control over the AirFlow.
Do you know? The Radiator and Processor is not the only component which is needed to be, but there are a lot of other elements which requires the AirFlow for the Transfer of heat.
The Question Arises here is how does the system get heats up?
It because of the Radiation, where the heat from the components gets radiated into the Atmosphere which is needed to remove from your Case.
What is Positive, Neutral, and Negative Pressure?
Positive Pressure
Positive Pressure means you have more intake of air than the air which exhausts. Or in Simple Words, you have more air entering the case than the air which is going out. Now when there is more air in the Cooling environment, how does it get out? The air moves out via the vents in the bottom of the vents on the back and top, vents where you have the slots or other holes in your Case and so on. Positive pressure only removes specks of dust from the system when the vents you have contains a dust filter.
Neutral Pressure
As you guys might have already guessed, Neutral Pressure means you have the Same amount of Air intake and the same amount of Air exhaust. This effect neither creates Positive Pressure nor Negative pressure as the Air which is entering the case is the same as the Air which goes out of the fact.
Negative Pressure
In the case of Negative Pressure, More amount of Air gets exhausted than the Air intake. So when you remove more air out than the Air which comes in the case, the air vents in your case becomes intake and comes in through the same vents, gaps, and holes just like Positive Pressure. Why? Because it has to draw air from somewhere in other to exhaust it.
Why do we care about these things?
There are specific reasons like:
1. Temperature Control
2. Dust Control
If you can manage more cool air entering the case, then you will have the much better cooling environment. Dust Control is also an important thing one should care about when it comes to Positive and Negative pressure.
Creating a positive pressure has certain advantages, it provides a much better cooling environment, and it keeps your vents as out-take and helps you reduce dusts in your computer because that's where most of the sand enters your cooling environment.
You can have Positive pressure in your case by having a CPU Case fan with Higher RPM (Rotation per minute) in the front than the back. So you have more Air in and less air Out.
On the other hand, Negative pressure makes the system pulls more air from the side and creates more restrictions it also sucks in more dust in and might block the fans and decrease the cooling ability of your system.
So Positive Pressure is something you should go for because neutral pressure is tough to achieve these days.
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AutoCAD Draftsman - Piping (5-10 yrs)
Job Description :
1. Proficient in Piping and Mechanical drawing using AutoCAD.
2. Good knowledge of basic Piping design, Pipe routing, Pipe sizing, Piping Material Specifications, and Piping layout.
3. Development of Inspection Isometrics referring inspection reports and Inspection sketches to support corrosion monitoring campaigns.
4. Updating of existing Piping isometrics with regards to latest inspection reports.
5. Coordination with team members in timely submission of deliverables.
6. Creating, Updating, and Maintaining Registers such as Piping Asset Register, Master Equipment List, Anomaly registers, etc.
7. Should be proficient in using MS office.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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MINNESOTA Marijuana Packaging and Labeling State Law
Minnesota's cannabis labeling and packaging guidelines include the following:
- 0850 PACKAGING AND LABELING. Subpart 1. Medical cannabis packaging. The medical cannabis manufacturer must package all medical cannabis intended for distribution according to the following standards:
- In addition to the requirements in Minnesota Statutes, section 152.29, subdivision 3, paragraph (c), clause (5), medical cannabis containers must be:
- (1) plain;
- (2) designed to maximize the shelf life of contained medical cannabis;
- (3) tamper-evident; and
- (4) child-resistant.
- Medical cannabis packaging must not bear a reasonable resemblance to any commercially available product.
- Medical cannabis packaging must be packaged to minimize its appeal to children and must not depict images other than the medical cannabis manufacturer's business name logo. Subp. 2. Medical cannabis trade names. The medical cannabis manufacturer's medical cannabis trade names must comply with the following standards and are subject to approval by the commissioner:
- names that are limited to those that clearly reflect the product's medical cannabis nature;
- any name that is identical to, or confusingly similar to, the name of an existing non-cannabis product is prohibited;
- any name that is identical to, or confusingly similar to, the name of an unlawful product or substance is prohibited; and
- any name that contains language that suggests using medical cannabis for recreational purposes or for a condition other than a qualifying medical condition is prohibited. Subp. 3. Labeling. A. A medical cannabis manufacturer must ensure that all medical cannabis that is distributed is labeled with the following information:
- (1) the patient's registry identification number, name, and date of birth;
- (2) the name and date of birth of the designated registered caregiver, if applicable;
- (3) the name of the patient's parent or legal guardian, if listed on the registry verification, if applicable;
- (4) the patient's address;
- (5) the name and address of the medical cannabis manufacturer where the medical cannabis was manufactured;
- (6) the medical cannabis's chemical composition;
- (7) the recommended dosage;
- (8) directions for use of the product;
- (9) all ingredients of the product shown with common or usual names, including any colors, artificial flavors, and preservatives, listed in descending order by predominance of weight;
- (10) the date of manufacture and batch number;
- (11) a notice with the statement, including capitalization: "This product has not been analyzed or approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration. There is limited information on the side effects of using this product, and there may be associated health risks. Do not drive or operate heavy machinery when under the influence of this product. KEEP THIS PRODUCT OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN."; and
- (12) a notice with the statement: "This medical cannabis is for therapeutic use only. Diversion of this product is unlawful and may result in the revocation of the patient's registration."
- Labeling text must not include any false or misleading statements regarding health or physical benefits to the patient.
- A package may contain multiple labels if the information required by this part is not obstructed.
For more information, please refer to the Minnesota Revisor of Statutes on Packaging and Labeling.


Commonly Asked Questions
See also: the Raspberry Shake Forum where you can easily search the archives for questions similar to your own.
Anchoring: How do I anchor my Raspberry Shake to the floor?
Question: The Shake box seems to come with some nice trim screws to set it level. How though is the unit meant to be coupled to the ground/concrete/slab/table…? The last few earthquakes I've experienced here in New Zealand would of sent the Raspberry Shake bouncing off the table or sliding over floor which means it will not actually be recording what it is meant to? How is it proposed to couple it to the horizontal surface?
Answer: Shake does not need to be "anchored".
Raspberry Shake is a weak motion device, like most seismometers are. It is designed to measure sub-micron movements. It probably completely clips between 0.1 and 0.2 g.
If during an earthquake objects are in the air then surely 1 g has been exceeded. Just yesterday I was watching youTube videos of the last New Zealand earthquake and yes things were moving. Shake and any other seismometer would be totally saturated and the data would be useless even if they were anchored.
Seismologists use accelerometers which have a range above 1 g commonly set to 2 g and can be set to 4 g. These devices are anchored. In a Class A seismic installation you would have a seismometer, and accelerometer that goes to DC and a GPS. This would allow for the huge dynamic range that you will get in a large earthquake. The accelerometer to DC and the GPS would allow you to see the displacements that a velocity sensor like the Shake will not show.
How precisely does Raspberry Shake need to be leveled?
Answer: This is a good question and one that is tossed around here at Raspberry Shake. Geophones are made by lots of companies and in lots of natural frequencies and cases and coil types. We think that the geophone used in Raspberry shake will have over 95% of it output out to about three degrees. A quick and dirty test of the undamped output of the Raspberry Shake's 4.5 Hz geophone was performed. We did the test at 10 Hz to get away from the amplification of the resonant frequency. We moved the geophone 1 mm. 1mm at 10Hz is strong shaking. From 0 to 3 degrees of tilt we could not see any significant difference in the output. It was not until 6 degrees that we could see a change and not until 15 degrees that the output was meaningless.
We can definitely say that if the leveling bubble is mostly within the little circle on the level built into the acrylic box, that things are ok. From the test we have done, I think that the leveling bubble we provide will achieve the +/-.5 Degrees as long as the leveling bubble is centered in the circle.
Later, one of our backers, Brett, responded: "I did a quick test to check the leveling bubble sensitivity. It took about one turn of the leg screw located on the center line to move the leveling bubble from centered to be solidly touching the black ring. That's 0.8mm over 123.5mm, the perpendicular distance from that screw to a line between the other two legs. That ratio is 0.00648 and taking the ArcSin = 0.37 deg. of tilt, which is slightly better than you suggest. Probably the biggest factor will be how well the geophone guts are aligned with the leveling bubble. Super leveling is not going to be an issue.
Why does my Raspberry Shake change IP?
IP addresses can either be "DHCP", that is "D"ynamically assigned, or "Static". Most routers today dynamically assign IP addresses. That means that every time a computer like the Raspberry Pi is connected it is given an IP address. It can be the same IP address as previously assigned or a new one. The connection is time limited. Some routers set it to a day or so, some months and still others many years. So, depending on the router settings, the connection will be released and reconnected after a certain time window. On some routers it is possible to change length of the time, on others not. For example at a university where many people come and go, the time window is set to shorter time so that the IP address can be recycled. At home where you have fewer computers, you would obviously prefer a longer time window. The solution around this problem is to set a Static IP address. See here for instructions: Static IP
Why does my Raspberry Shake change its DNS name?
Question: When I start Shake #1, it takes the DNS name rs.local. Then, when I start Shake #2, it takes over the DNS name rs.local and kicks Shake #1 to rs-2.local. What is happening and how can I stop it?
Answer: This is a complex one and can only happen on certain networks (generally, those that use small or medium business hardware). Let's start by leaning about the two protocols that smart switches usually have. Then we can take a look at "what's happening," then finally how you can fix it.
Protocol 1: RSTP
RSTP makes sure there are no loops or ambiguities on the network. The switch will not forward any packet from a port that just came up until its tests are done. Here's a good link that explains RSTP in full.
Protocol 2: Avahi/Bonjour
This protocol is responsible for searching for, assigning, and keeping track of DNS names on many modern networks.
Connection type 1: IPv4
The IPv4 link needs to negotiate with a DHCP server in order to get an address. This takes a short but significant amount of time.
Connection type 2: IPv6
The IPv6 link does not need negotiation of local-link addresses like IPv4 does. It just picks one of many millions of addresses and then can send packets right away.
What's happening
Shake 1 is already booted and it has the hostname rs.local.
When the first link on Shake 2 becomes ready, Avahi immediately sends a broadcast packet that says "hello! does anyone own rs.local?" with any connection available. Since IPv6 is generally the first connection to become available, the Avahi request is sent via this connection. IPv4 is not ready at this point, since it is still negotiating its address with the DHCP server.
At this moment the switch (with RSTP turned on) is not forwarding packets to Shake 2 yet. It "checks" that everything is ok with network and that there are no ambiguities. The result is that nobody sees the "hello" packets sent by Shake 2. So Shake 2 decides there is no rs.local on the network and announces its name (rs.local) to the network. At that moment, the IPv4 link becomes ready (i.e. the switch now forwards packets from Shake 2). Shake 1 sees someone took its name and automatically assigns itself a new name rs-2.local.
How to fix it:
There are a few ways to potentially fix this issue:
 1. By disabling IPv6. You can do this by editing the file /etc/sysctl.conf:
 sudo nano /etc/sysctl.conf
add the following lines to the end of the file:
Then restart the Shake. The DNS name should now "stick" once assigned.
 1. Manually change the DNS name. You can do this by editing the file /etc/avahi/avahi-daemon.conf:
 sudo nano /etc/avahi/avahi-daemon.conf
Modify the following line and replace rs with the DNS name of your choice. It should have no spaces or special characters except minus (-):
Then restart the Shake. Your shake should now be visible at nameyouchose.local. If you lose track of what you've named your Shake, you can Find your Raspberry Shake's IP with Fing.
 1. Disable RSTP on your switch. Since this is device-specific, we can't help you. However, a google search for "Disable RSTP on [your device's make and model]" may help.
Is the schematic for the Raspberry Shake available?
The schematic for Shake is not available. Much of the software is open. Our reason for not making the schematic available is that if we made the hardware open and the firmware that went with it, we would see Raspberry Shake on Alibaba before the Kickstarter campaign was even over.
We align ourselves in many ways with the folks at Pololu when they make this statement about open hardware: See article here. Pololu put a huge amount of work in writing that piece, long but worth the read.
What is the difference between the RS1D, RS3D and RS4D models?
Click to enlarge
sps = samples per second on all channels
The RS1D, RS3D, RS4D and RS&BOOM have the same capabilities for detecting Earth motion in the vertical dimension. The RS3D replicates these abilities in the horizontal dimensions, providing the user with a fuller view of Earth motion in all 3 dimensions. The difference between the RS1D and the RS4D is that the RS4D has a 3 dimensional accelerometer built into the board. This is interesting for people who live in earthquake zones where the strong motion might be enough to saturate the vertical sensor. With the accelerometer, the Earth motion would remain on scale with the added benefit of being able to detect lateral motion as well.
Why can't I mount/ stack multiple Rasberry Shake boards on the same Raspberry Pi computer?
This is because the RPi computer only


Can I have ear noisy sound in pregnancy?
(August 27, 2010)
Research has shown that listening to music during pregnancy especially soothing music is known to have a very calming effect on both the mother and the child within her womb. Babies tend to usually hear sounds from outside the mother's womb when they reach the 20th week of pregnancy. Hence doctors also recommend that from the 20th week of pregnancy the mother should listen to soothing music especially western classical or Indian classical. Women should not listen to loud music during pregnancy as that may have an adverse effect on the development of the child and its overall personality. It has been observed that listening to a few minutes of soothing music during pregnancy is an effective, safe and cheap way to de-stress and relax both the mother and the child. It is advisable to listen to music at a tempo of not more that 60 beats per minute as this is most beneficial to reach an optimum heart rate. In time the mother will find herself relaxing and the breathing also becomes slow in time with the music and shortly enough the heart rate follows. Doctors have said that the baby is able to feel maternal stress as early as 17 weeks into the pregnancy and if the mother experiences high levels of stress it can be detrimental to the mental and physical strength of the child.
Studies have also shown that babies who tend to listen to soothing music while they are still in the women of the mother tend to be more composed and calmer in their nature as compared to babies who have not listen to music while in the womb of their mother. However one should not overdo the listening of music while being pregnant as this may disrupt the sleeping pattern of the baby. Music is also known to hone skills in children and music also acts as a pre-linguistic tool that is useful in preparing the baby's brain an dear to identify and distinguish between various sounds. The reason babies are able to listen to music while still in the womb of the mother is because the amniotic fluid that surrounds the baby is a very good conductor of sound. However one should keep in mind that the volume of the music should not increase beyond 70 decibels and the duration of the music should not be extended for more than an hour per day.
Submitted by P T on August 27, 2010 at 06:49
See additional information.


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PRO-MINERALIZER is Non-Hazardous and Eco-friendly solution, which contains consortium (group) of microflora of various kinds including Fibre degrading, Lignin degrading and various Enzymes producing organism. It converts tougher organic compounds like shell of shrimps, high protein compound in the dropping of shrimp etc into simple minerals.
Key Benefits of Pro-Mineralizer
- Provides useful nutrients to Diatoms and plankton by the process of degradation (mineralization) of high organic compounds and enhances their development.
- It performs mineralization and converts raw materials (tougher organic compounds like shell of shrimps, high protein compound in the dropping of shrimp etc.,) into simple minerals.
- It helps in creating excellent atmosphere at the bottom of the pond, which is a platform for mineralization of organic and inorganic fertilizers used.
- It helps in mineralization and thus enhances the working capacity of probiotics used in the ponds, which helps the probiotics to establish in the pond and metabolize various biodegradable compounds.
Dosage of Probiotic Microflora for Aquaculture
- 10 L / hectare. Repeat the dose once in 3-4 weeks for better maintenance of pond.
For all your AgroVet needs, Contact Us Now!


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Improving environmental outcomes for low income households in Marrickville
The concept of "green equity" - assisting low and modest income households in meeting the challenges of climate change - has only recently been introduced to Australia but is rapidly evolving.
Local councils have a key role to play, given that they are close to the communities they serve and are in a good position to target environmental initiatives to low income households that would normally have the least capacity to take advantage of such initiatives.
There are now opportunities for Marrickville Council to take a leading position on 'green equity' and to examine policy measures to assist low income households within the area to improve environmental outcomes and wellbeing.
For information on the strategies Council is implementing to improve environmental outcomes for low income households in the area, please download the following documents:
Anti Poverty Week presentation: Climate Change and its Social Impacts
During Anti Poverty Week 2007, Marrickville Council organised the Forum on Climate Change and its Social Impacts at the Petersham Town Hall to identify and discuss the equity issues associated with climate change.
The Forum highlighted:
You can download the PDF versions of the multimedia presentations below.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Skip to Main Content
The focus of this survey is on research in applying evolutionary and other metaheuristic search algorithms to automatically generating content for games, both digital and nondigital (such as board games). The term search-based procedural content generation is proposed as the name for this emerging field, which at present is growing quickly. A taxonomy for procedural content generation is devised, centering on what kind of content is generated, how the content is represented and how the quality/fitness of the content is evaluated; search-based procedural content generation in particular is situated within this taxonomy. This article also contains a survey of all published papers known to the authors in which game content is generated through search or optimisation, and ends with an overview of important open research problems.


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The title of the performance, Terrace Canon, was derived from the action of the 30 performers moving in canon with one anothermovement echoing and repeating from one group or pair of performers to the next. The choreography was inspired by the natural landscape of the forest adjacent to the Kyoto College of Art performance area. The motion of the trees and their firm rooting to the earth was the starting point in designing the movement for this work.Performers moved in small groups, duets and alone as the piece progressed. These spatial relationships and groups were always changing. The movement chosen was simple in nature, as the surrounding landscape was complex in visual information. Singular arm gestures, walking patterns, and the transfer of weight in partners and alone was the main focus of the choreography.
Costumes were designed and dyed in collaboration with Michie Yamaguchi, Associate Professor of Textiles at the Kyoto College of Art. As the performers weaved through the space, the abstract colors of the sky and the forest met and separated.


1/9 The Dark Knight Rises
This is a great beginner project for anyone new to model lighting. It demonstrates how a basic lighting system can transform a model into an eye-catching display piece.
This light kit is designed for use with the Crazy Toys 1/9 figure as shown, but could no doubt be incorporated for use in many of the Batman display models.
For this lighting project you will need:
1) The pre-wired set available from our store.
2) A 2mm and 5mm drill.
3) Three dot stickers (or equivalent markers).
4) One standard 9v battery.
Step 1
When you have assembled your Batman figure, place it on the display base provided with the kit. There is a small raised dot on the base where the fingers of the right hand should be positioned. From there we need to mark out the position of where each led needs to fit. The two ultra violets are positioned at either side of the model to give the blue-on-black effect. The warm white illuminates the figures face. Use your dot stickers to mark the positions of each led (see photos).
Step 2
When you are happy with each led position, ensure each marker sticker is firmly in place and remove the figure from the base. Although using stickers to mark the positions isn't essential, regular visitors to the site will know that this is my preferred way of doing this task. Firstly it provides an easy visual reference, and secondly - perhaps more importantly - helps provide a "key" for the drill bit.
To drill the holes, first pre-drill each hole with the 2mm drill. The final diameter for each hole needs to be 5mm, but don't attempt to drill this in one go using the 5mm drill - you risk splitting the plastic base. Take your time, and using the 2mm drill, pre-drill each hole using the weight of the drill itself as the downward force. When done, widen each hole to 5mm diameter.
Don't be afraid to connect the battery to the light kit, and position the leds underneath the model to experiment with the different lighting effects that you can get.
Remember, as with all the projects, this is your model build - and there isn't only one way of doing things.
Try your own ideas and experiment with different effects!
A great tip to make positioning the lights easy - ensure the model is in the correct place, and then use either a pencil or screwdriver to show where on the model each led light beam will hit. For example, the warm white led is to illuminate the figures face, so position the pencil in front of the figures face, running down to the base, to get the most accurate placement.
When the 5mm holes are drilled, insert the plastic led clips into each one, and push them fully into place.
Step 3
Turn the model base over, and loosely place each led in position in the fitting clip. Do not try to push the leds into place using the wires, as this risks breaking the connections. Instead, use a flat blade scewdriver to push each led firmly into their holders, placing the blade of the screwdriver between the led wires - see photo.
All done!
Add the 9v battery, turn the base over and re-fit the figure. As you can see, the lighting really enhances this particular model - and now you know how to get Batman "blues" as an effect for future projects :)


text:
Author: Michael Plitkins
Last update: 11 October, 1998
The NGLayout views subsystem is designed to support arbitrary positioning, sizing and depth sorting of overlapping rectangles of content in a platform independent fashion. Most NGLayout rendering operations begin by "damaging" a portion of the area currently being displayed on an output device and then walking over a view tree in z depth order allowing each view to repair parts of the damaged area they occupy. Event handling within NGLayout also goes through the view system giving view objects the first opportunity to handle event processing (within each view, there is generally content represented by layout Frames that do most of the real event processing). View update operations can either happen in an offscreen buffer or directly on the output device depending on the complexity of the anticipated update. Timed refreshes also occur allowing many damage requests to be processed as a single update to the output device. In addition to representing specially positioned content, a view may also represent an underlying platform native window through it's association with the Widget subsystem. The Widgets can be used to represent application controls such as scrollbars and top level windows and content objects such as HTML form elements. See the Widgets documentation for further information.
Currently, there are four different classes within the view system. Naturally, more can be added as deemed necessary:
- Basic View class responsible for positioning, sizing, painting and event handling as a container for underlying content. Currently, the "compositor," which is responsible for handling issues of transparent views when painting, also lives inside the base view class implementation. In order to allow new types of views to be created without the need for subclassing off of the base view, this code will most likely move into the ViewManager.
- Scrolling View which has private child views representing scrollbars and additional methods for handling the scrolling of an additional child view that the owner of the scrolling view can add to the scrolling view.
View Manager which coordinates all operations
done to/through the view hierarchy including:
- child view insertion, removal and sorting.
- event handling.
- damage repair coordination.
- view state changes (position, size, clip rect, z index, visibility)
View Observer which allows an application
to receive notification when changes occur involving a view. Currently,
- event handling
- on screen position change
1. View Manager.
Applications create views and then added them to the view hierarchy through the view manager. From that point on, the application requests that changes be made to views via the view manager. This allows the view manager to "do the right thing" when views are changed. Typically this means minimizing the damage repair area and frequency of updates. As mentioned previously, views are arranged in a hierarchy. The relationship of sibling views is maintained through either an absolute z index for each view, or above/below relative to another view. When the view hierarchy is traversed, views are encountered in top down order and from nearest z to furthest z.2. View class.
This is the base view class and the one generally created by content that requires a view. Examples of such content are CSS positioned elements, Communicator 4 layers, objects that require Widgets such as form elements, etc. Since views are designed to act as containers for content, there is a link to that content which can be set and queried with the Get/SetClientData() methods.3. Scrolling view.
In general, views hold state, but don't do much in terms of changing or manipulating other objects. That job is left to the view manager.
Child views are not clipped to the boundaries of their parent views unless a cliprect is specifically set on a view. A clip rect clips the content displayed by a view and any of it's children.
The view contains a "compositor" which processes the view tree at rendering time to optimally paint the damaged area. This involves determining if any of the views are "transparent" and then doing back-to-front/front-to-back view processing to repair the damage. Views currently have an opacity property that the compositor will use to alpha blend views together. This functionality will be moving into the view manager.
The scrolling view, which is used as the root level view for NGLayout documents, is essentially designed to act as a container which expects that it's size will be smaller than the views that it contains. It also assumes that the application will want to be able to scroll over the area that is "inside" of it. As such it will automatically sprout scrollbars when the scrolling view is too small to display all of it's contents. It has additional APIs over the standard view to allow the application to get and set the offset into the visible content area and to recompute the size of the scrollbar thumb and position based on the sizes of the objects that it contains.4. View Observer.
When views need to paint or have events handled that do not relate to the view, the observer's Paint() and HandleEvent() methods are called. The application can query the affected view for client data stored there by the application to associate the view with an application specific object. In addition, if an application object needs to know when it's position has been changed on the "screen" it can be notified of this by the observer.
- Since views may have Widgets associated with them, and as views change shape they need to tell the Widgets about these changes, there is a dependency on the Widget library.
- Much of what the view manager does involves output refresh management so it has knowledge of the graphics system.
- We would like to be able to alpha blend views together.
Support for alpha blendin


text: Poly (L-lactic acid) (PLA) /starch blends with various starch content were made by injection molding. The blends were exposed to soil and the degradation behaviors were investigated in detail. The test piece of PLA (starch Owt %) did not decompose after 30 days. On the other hand, the blends (starch lOwt % and 30wt %) discolored, and cracks appeared on the surface. The degradation was prominent for higher starch content. For starch Owt % (pure PLA) and 10wt %, the molecular weights of PLA in the samples slightly decreased with exposure time. For 30wt %, on the other hand, the molecular weight decreased rapidly. The number of microorganisms in 30wt % sample was much larger than that in lOwt % sample. These results suggested that the presence of starch enhanced the multiplication of microorganisms, resulting in the acceleration of degradation of PLA in the sample.


text:
Definition of Jolling
1. joll [v] - See also: joll
Click the following link to bring up a new window with an automated collection of images related to the term: Jolling Images
Lexicographical Neighbors of Jolling
Literary usage of Jolling
Below you will find example usage of this term as found in modern and/or classical literature:
1. Education by Project Innovation (Organization) (1894)
"... of the ever-jolling Bay of Fundy, to the shores of New Brunswick, while seven Nova Scotian counties lie in sight near by...."
2. A Complete Practical Treatise on Criminal Procedure, Pleading, and Evidence by John Frederick Archbold, John Jervis, William Newland Welsby, Thomas Whitney Waterman (1853)
"jolling, Ib. 525. Though different opinions appear to have been formerly entertained upon tho point, whether in tho case of burglary in the hired apartment..."
3. An Historical Review of the Constitution and Government of Pennsylvania by Richard Jackson, Benjamin Franklin (1759)
"... they began the fame Year to carry into Execution, by cajolling fome Corporations, and forcing others.by..."
4. Life, Letters, and Literary Remains, of John Keats by John Keats (1848)
"... Whose glass once up can never be got back, Who prov'st, with jolling arguments and bitter, That 'tis of modern use to travel in a litter...."
5. Universal Biography: Containing a Copious Account, Critical and Historical...by John Lemprière by John Lemprière (1810)
"... uation in those turbulent time-s. lie died 1683. Some of his speeches have been »reserved in the elate trials. So UDDER, Henry, minister of (jolling..."


text:
The Technical Details: Determining Delta Values
When we talk about the isotopic ratio in a sample, we talk about the delta value. Let's look at how a delta value is actually calculated:
- The first step in figuring out the δ13C for a sample is to find the ratio of 13C to 12C within the sample.
Next compare (by dividing) this ratio to the ratio of 13C to 12C in a standard.
- There is a specific standard, with a known, unchanging ratio of 13C to 12C that all laboratories use in their comparison. For the stable carbon isotopes, this standard is a limestone (called Pee Dee Belemnite—or PDB) from South Carolina. Although PDB is no longer run as the standard, other carbonates (with a known, unchanging 13C to 12C ratio) are used and compared on the PDB scale. The carbonate standard is reacted with an acid to create gaseous CO2, so that the sample and standard are both in the same phase.
- Often the sample and standard may have very similar ratios of the two stable isotopes, which will give you a value very close to (but not exactly) 1.
Two sample bellows are used so that the sample is compared to a standard
Many samples that actually have different ratios of 13C to 12C will give what seems like similar values (say, for example, 0.99 and 0.98). These samples do have different isotopic ratios, but this is hard to see when they only differ after the decimal point. To make this difference easier to see, 1 is subtracted from this value, and then this new calculation is multiplied by 1,000 to give the actual δ13C of the sample.
- This makes it much easier to see the difference between two samples. For the ratios of 0.99 and 0.98, the delta values are -10‰ and -20‰ respectively.
The equation for this is:
Making the Values More "Friendly"
Even when comparing samples with ratios of 13C to 12C of 0.99 and 0.98, the delta notation is much easier. Well, when we look at ratios that atmospheric scientists actually study, it becomes infinitely easier to compare using delta notation–in fact it would be too difficult without!
|Carbon Pool||13C||Actual ratio of 13C to 12C|
|Ocean & Atmosphere||-8‰||0.011142|
Why Go Through This Much Work?
This seems like an awful lot of calculations when you can just look at differences among samples in their 13C to 12C ratios and ignore all of the calculation steps. The reason that it is conventional to compare to a standard (and then continue on to the next steps in order to get a more 'friendly' value) is so that it is easier to compare results both among isotope laboratories and within a single laboratory over a long time period. It is impossible to have an isotope ratio mass spectrometer that perfectly finds the ratio of 13C to 12C in a sample.
Isotope ratio mass spectrometers measure relative isotopic ratios much better than actual ratios. By comparing to a standard, the precision of the data values are much, much better since all values are relative to a given standard. For example, if the ratio for both the sample and standard are overestimated (or underestimated) by the same relative amount, then dividing the two values will account for this, making it possible to compare δ13C among laboratories all across the world.
The formula for determining the Δ14C of a sample is similar to δ13C:
The difference is in the term FN[x], which is still a comparison of the sample to a standard. However, after this comparison, several other calculations occur to find FN[x].
- The ratio is corrected for "background" 14C counts, where atoms or molecules that were accidentally and incorrectly identified as 14C are no longer included.
- The ratio is additionally corrected for the small amount of radioactive decay between the time the sample was collected and the time it was measured, so that the Δ14C at the time of collection rather than the time of analysis is reported.
- The final difference is that Δ14C is normalized, where the effect of fractionation is removed. That is, we know from the 13C measurements that, for example, when carbon dioxide is photosynthesized by plants, it fractionates, resulting in proportionately less 13C in the plant. The same thing happens to 14C, so plants have proportionately less 14C than the atmosphere does. If we know how much 13C fractionation occurs, we can calculate precisely how much 14C fractionation there is. We then calculate how much 14C would have been in the sample if it had not fractionated. This is the Δ14C. Why go to all this trouble? The main reason is that for radiocarbon dating, scientists want to study how much 14C has decayed, not how much has fractionated, and this normalization allows them to do just that. The second reason is that it makes it easier to understand the 14C in the atmosphere – now when plants photosynthesize CO2, the Δ14C value in the atmosphere does not change. Of course, we can always reverse the calculations to discover the amount of 14C without applying this normalization, and this is written as δ14C.
For even more gory details, see: _URL_


Definition of mid-parent in English:
Pronunciation /ˈmɪdˌpɛːrənt/ /ˈmɪdˌpɛːr(ə)nt/
Anthropology Genetics
 - Originally: a hypothetical parent of composite sex whose height is the average of the actual height of the father, and the height of the mother multiplied by the ratio of male to female height in the population. Later: a notional individual having the value of some property or trait equal to the average of the value of each parent.
Late 19th century; earliest use found in Francis Galton (1822–1911), biostatistician, human geneticist, and eugenicist. From mid + parent.


1. Engineering
 2. Computer Science
 3. here is the declaration of a struct for the nodes...
Question: here is the declaration of a struct for the nodes...
Question details
Here is the declaration of a struct for the nodes in a singly-linked list: typedef struct intnode int value; struct intnode next; } intnode_t; A function named remove odds takes one argument, a pointer to a linked list in which 0 or more nodes contain odd integers: intnode t remove odds (intnode t *head); The function removes all the nodes containing odd integers from the linked list. The remaining nodes (the ones containing even integers) must remain in the same order that they appear in original linked list. The function returns a pointer to the first node in the modified linked list. For example, suppose variable my_list points to this linked list: my_list 2 and remove_odds is called this w mylistremove_odds (my_list); After remove odds returns, the modified list looks like this: my list remove_odds should return an empty linked list if it passed an empty linked list or if all the nodes contain odd integers. Your remove odds function can call functions from the C standard library (see the crib sheet at the end of this question paper); however, it cannot call any of the linked list functions that were developed in lectures and labs. No marks will be awarded for a solution that allocates new nodes or copies values from one node to another Marks wil be deducted for code that performs more traversals of the linked list than are necessary
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text:
to t_station by the
foreign keys trip_code and station_no.
Several types of plankton stations involve multiple units of gear,
each with their own mesh size and wire winches. In such cases,
details of these gears are recorded in the table t_gear_unit (Table
7), and are linked to t_station by the foreign keys trip_code and
station_no. The default for a single gear unit is for all data to be
recorded in t_station.
Samples of fish eggs are taken from each tow and are staged under
a microscope (by the number of cell divisions that have taken place).
The table t_eggs (Table 8) records the counts of the number of eggs
for each stage as collected for each sample from each catch.
Samples of the total catch from the plankton tow are also sampled
to determine the relative abundance of species. These abundance data
are recorded in the table t_abund (Table 9). This includes abundance
of fish, salps, zooplankton and microzooplankton.


Migrating from SpamAssassin to Rspamd
This guide provides information for those who wants to migrate an existing system from SpamAssassin to Rspamd. You will find information about major differences between the spam filtering engines and how to deal with the transition process.
Why migrate to Rspamd
Rspamd runs significantly faster than SpamAssassin while providing approximately the same quality of filtering. However, if you don't care about the performance and resource consumption of your spam filtering engine you might still find Rspamd useful because it has a simple but powerful web management system (WebUI).
On the other hand, if you have a lot of custom rules, or you use Pyzor/Razor/DCC, or you have some commercial 3rd party products that depend on SpamAssassin then you may not want to migrate.
In short: Rspamd is for speed!
What about DSPAM/SpamOracle…?
You could also move from these projects to Rspamd. You should bear in mind, however, that Rspamd and SA are multi-factor spam filtering systems that use three main approaches to filter messages:
 - Content filtering - static rules that are designed to find known bad patterns in messages (usually regexp or other custom rules)
 - Dynamic lists - DNS or reputation lists that are used to filter known bad content, such as abused IP addresses or URL domains
 - Statistical filters - which learn to distinguish spam and ham messages
DSPAM, SpamOracle and others usually implement the third approach, only providing statistical filtering. This method is quite powerful but it can cause false-positives and is not very suitable for multi-user environments. Rspamd and SA, in contrast, are designed for systems with many users. Rspamd, in particular, was written for a very large system with more than 40 million users and about 10 million emails per hour.
Before you start
There are a couple of things you need to know before transition:
 1. Rspamd does not support SpamAssassin statistics so you'd need to train your filter from scratch with spam and ham samples (or install the pre-built statistics). Rspamd uses a different statistical engine - called OSB-Bayes - which is intended to be more precise than SA's 'naive' Bayes classifier
 2. Rspamd uses Lua for plugins and rules, so basic knowledge of this language is more than useful for playing with Rspamd; however, Lua is very simple and can be learned very quickly
 3. Rspamd uses the HTTP protocol to communicate with the MTA or milter, so SA native milters might not communicate with Rspamd. There is some limited support of the SpamAssassin protocol, though some commands are not supported, in particular those which require copying of data between scanner and milter. More importantly, Length-less messages are not supported by Rspamd as they completely break HTTP semantics and will never be supported. To achieve the same functionality, a dedicated scanner could use, e.g. HTTP chunked encoding.
 4. Rspamd is NOT intended to work with blocking libraries or services, hence, something like mysql or postgresql will likely not be supported
 5. Rspamd is developing quickly so you should be aware that there might be some incompatible changes between major versions - they are usually listed in the migration section of the site.
 6. Unlike SA where there are only spam and ham results, Rspamd supports five levels of messages called actions:
 - no action - ham message
 - greylist - turn on adaptive greylisting (which is also used on higher levels)
 - add header - adds Spam header (meaning soft-spam action)
 - rewrite subject - rewrite subject to *** SPAM *** original subject
 - reject - ultimately reject message
Each action can have its own score limit which could also be modified by a user's settings. Rspamd assumes the following order of actions: no action <= greylist <= add header <= rewrite subject <= reject.
Actions are NOT performed by Rspamd itself - they are just recommendations for the MTA agent, rmilter for example, that performs the necessary actions such as adding headers or rejecting mail.
SA spam is almost equal to the Rspamd add header action in the default setup. With this action, users will be able to check messages in their Junk folder, which is usually a desired behaviour.
First steps with Rspamd
To install Rspamd, I recommend using one of the official packages that are available for many popular platforms. If you'd like to have more features then you can consider the experimental branch of packages, while if you would like to have more stability then you can select the stable branch. However, normally even the experimental branch is stable enough for production use, and bugs are fixed more quickly in the experimental branch.
General SpamAssassin rules
For those who have a lot of custom rules, there is good news: Rspamd supports a certain set of SpamAssassin rules via a special plugin that allows direct loading of SA rules into Rspamd. You just need to specify your SA configuration files in the plugin configuration:
spamassassin {
 sa_main = "/etc/spamassassin/conf.d/*";
 sa_local = "/etc/spamassassin/local.cf";
On the other hand, if you don't have a lot of custom rules and primarily use the default ruleset then you shouldn't use this plugin: many SA rules are already implemented natively in Rspamd so you won't get any benefit from including such rules from SA.
If you have your SA up and running it is usually possible to switch the system to Rspamd using the existing tools. However, please check the integration document for further details.
Rspamd statistics are not compatible with SA as Rspamd uses a more advanced statistics algorithm, described in the following article, so please bear in mind that you need to relearn your statistics. This can be done, for example, by using the rspamc command: assuming that you have your messages in separate files (e.g. maildir format), placed in directories spam and ham:
rspamc learn_spam spam/
rspamd learn_ham ham/
(You will need Rspamd up and running to use these commands.)
Learning using mail interface
You can also setup rspamc to learn via passing messages to a certain email address. I'd recommend using /etc/aliases for this purpose and a mail-redirect command (e.g. provided by Mail Redirect add-on for Thunderbird MUA). The desired aliases could be the following:
learn-spam123: "| rspamc learn_spam"
learn-ham123: "| rspamc learn_ham"
(You would need to use less predictable aliases to avoid the sending of messages to such addresses by an adversary, or just by mistake, to prevent statistics pollution.)


Sign up ×
I am trying to write an array (data = [][]) to a worksheet I will create using xlwt. My question is can I specify a column to start from? I am planning to use a for loop to iterate through the array retrieving the values row by row starting a new line with each row ex: first row starts at C1, next row starts at C2 etc... I have read the documentation and examples but cannot find a clear way to do this. Any help would be greatly appreciated!
share|improve this question
Insert two blank cells at the front of each row? – Thomas K Jun 21 '11 at 20:59
The examples are included in the documentation if one knows where to look... Also typing the first '(' will often give a description of the parameters a method accepts and what they do – Corey Jul 13 '11 at 14:07
1 Answer 1
up vote 5 down vote accepted
Something like:
wb = xlwt.Workbook()
ws = wb.add_sheet('Sheet1')
for r, row in enumerate(data):
 for c, col in enumerate(row):
 ws.write(r, 2 + c, label=col)
share|improve this answer
Thanks! worked great – Corey Jun 22 '11 at 12:31
Your Answer


text:
Quintessence Incense Djwal Khul (out of stock)
- Brand: Aura-Soma
- Product Code: AURINQ14
- Availability: In Stock
- Keynote: The seeking of Truth for the sake of itself.
- Essential Oils: Citronella, Rosemary, Clary Sage, Dalmation Sage, Lavender.
- Color: Emerald Green.
- Equilibrium Association: B063 and the color Emerald Green.
- Crystal Energies: Emerald, Chrysoprase.
- Qualities: Called
the Seeker's Master,this Quintessence helps to search for objective truth beyond the subjectivity of the seeker. Helps to balance inner and outer space and to stimulate the color ray of green within the major chakras, providing a cloak of protection and space for the heart so that truth and purpose may be revealed. May help to bring an understanding of rhythms, laws and patterns of nature, as well as the celestial and earth sciences of astrology and geomancy. May also help to discern and balance an intuitive sense of space beyond Earth.
- The Quintessences enable us to bring forth the most positive attributes of the Master energies into our personal sphere. They work within the astral and etheric bodies of the subtle energy field.
- Each can contains 30 incense sticks.


Lost Canadians file petition challenging federal government's interpretation of citizenship history
Federal Green Party leader Elizabeth May filed a petition today on behalf of the Lost Canadians, a citizenship advocacy group, challenging the federal government's version of the history of Canadian citizenship. The government must respond to the petition within 60 days.
Lost Canadians are a group of legitimate Canadians who have been denied citizenship due to obscure provisions of previous laws, which discriminate based on age, gender, ethnicity and marital status.
Last month, a spokesperson for Citizenship and Immigration Canada suggested the legal concept of Canadian citizenship has existed only since January 1, 1947 — the date that Canada's Citizenship Act came into effect.
"History does not support that assertion," Citizenship advocate Don Chapman said in a news release. "The government's position seems to be that Canadian citizenship was created ex nihilo on Jan. 1, 1947. In fact, the term 'Canadian citizen' has been part of the statute law since 1910, not 1947."
Based on the federal government's interpretation of citizenship, numerous people — including war veterans' children — are not legally Canadian citizens. Former citizenship minister Jason Kenney and current citizenship minister Chris Alexander have both asserted that Canadians were all British subjects prior to 1947. Surrey resident Jackie Scott — who was born in 1945 to a Canadian veteran and British war bride — was repeatedly denied citizenship despite having lived for decades in Canada, on the premise that her Ontario-born father was not a citizen in the year she was born. She is presently suing the federal government to obtain her citizenship documents.
"So what they're basically saying is that people like Sir John A. Macdonald and (Nobel prize winner) Sir Frederick Banting were basically a couple of British subjects, and not Canadian citizens," he said. Chapman said it would mean that every Canadian soldier who died before 1947 for the country was not officially a citizen, which he says is historically inaccurate.
"Prime Minister Stephen Harper is looking like he may go down in history as a Prime Minister who did not know what a Canadian citizen is."
Chapman said that archival documents show that the term 'Canadian citizen' was used by the federal government numerous times prior to 1947. A document given to soldiers by the Department of National Defence in 1943, for example, told them that they would be fighting the war as citizens of Canada.
"This debate is essentially a three-way collision between history, politics and law," Chapman said.
"The case of Jackie Scott, now before the federal court, turns in part on this question: Was the Canadian Citizenship Act 1946 a complete break with the past, or did it build on what came before? And if Canadian soldiers of the Second World War (including Ms. Scott's father) were told that they were fighting as Canadian citizens, why is the government now telling us they were not?"


Pseudonyms and Pronunciation
Published in: News 05/12/2015
Woody Allen mug shot
Famous actors and singers, celebrated artists and writers, have often changed their original names in favour of more appealing and easier to remember pseudonyms.
Some of these celebrities just needed to simplify their family names which were too complicated to pronounce; others only wanted to forget an ugly given name or a too common last name.
Pseudonym replacing an unpronounceable real names
Woody Allen, the most celebrated American film director, is the pseudonym of Allan Stewart Königsberg
Jennifer Aniston, the American actress of Greek descent, was born Jennifer Anastasakis
Charles Aznavour, the French singer of Arminian origins, is the stage name of Shahnourh Varinag Aznavourian
Freddie Mercury, the unforgettable frontman of British rock band The Queen, had Persian origins, was born in Zanzibar and his real name was Frederick Farookh Bulsara
Kirk Douglas, the actor of Russian descent, was born Issur Danilovitch Demsky
Vivien Leigh, the English actress born in India, is the pseudonym of Vivian Mary Hartley
George Michael, the English singer of Greek descent, was born Georgios Kyriacos Panayiotou
Stevie Wonder, the American singer, musician, and composer, was Steveland Hardaway Judkins
The most successful pseudonyms ever and their correct pronunciation
Marilyn Monroe, one of the most celebrated stars worldwide, was born Norma Jeane Mortenson
Brigitte Bardot, the beautiful French actress, was born Camille Javal
Bo Derek, the attractive American actress, in reality is Mary Cathleen Collins
Bob Dylan, the American legend, was born Robert Allen Zimmerman
Elton John, the British singer and musician, is the pseudonym of Reginald Kenneth Dwight
Yves Montand, the Italian-born French singer and actor, was the stage name of Ivo Livi
Demi Moore, the American actress, was born Demetria Guynes
Pseudonyms in literature
Agatha Christie, one of the most famous writers worldwide, was born Agatha Mary Clarissa Miller
George Orwell, the author of 1984 and Animal Farm, was the pseudonym of Eric Arthur Blair
George Sand in reality was Amantine Aurore Lucile Dupin
Marguerite Yourcenar, the Belgian writer, was born Marguerite de Crayencour
Alberto Moravia, the Italian writer, was the pen name of Alberto Pincherle
Curzio Malaparte, Italian writer and journalist, was born Kurt Erich Suckert
Italo Svevo, the Italian author of Jewish descent, was born Aron Hector Schmitz
Pseudonyms: short is better
Stendhal, the French writer, the author of The Red and the Black, is the pen name of Henri Beyle
Hergé is the pseudonym of Belgian cartoonist Georges Remi
Moebius is the pen name of French cartoonist Jean Giraud
Sting, the most famous in the world pseudonym was adopted by British singer and musician Gordon Matthew Sumner
Skin, the English singer and judge of the Italian XFactor, was born Deborah Anne Dryer
More pseudonyms
Anne Bancroft, the American actress, the winner of an Oscar for Best Actress, was born Anna Maria Louise Italiano
Rita Hayworth, the unforgettable diva, was the pseudonym of Margarita Carmen Cansino
Vivien Leigh, the British star of Gone with the Wind, was born Vivian Mary Hartley
Dean Martin, charming singer and actor, was born Dino Paul Crocetti
Ashley Judd, the American actress, is the stage name of Ashley Tyler Ciminella
Elvis Costello, the British singer and composer, is the pseudonym of Declan Patrick MacManus
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Transplantation Science is a free program for students in grades 6-12 meant to enhance any anatomy, biology or health program and introduce students to the science behind organ, eye and tissue donation and transplantation. The Transplantation Science program has a remote learning option: The Transplantation Science Traveling Trunk!
- Due to COVID-19, many schools aren't allowing visitors until further notice. Donor Alliance is providing the TS Traveling Trunk as an option to these schools. You may request the trunk even if you would normally host an in-person class.
- For rural schools with less than 50 students and located more than 100 miles from Casper, Grand Junction, Colorado Springs or Denver, please consider requesting the Transplantation Science Traveling Trunk for your students.
- Donor Alliance will ship the trunk of materials to and from your school FREE of charge.
- Day 1: You set up four stations and run the class with pre-written lesson plans.
- Day 2: Schedule a video conference with a Transplantation Science Educator who will
meet with your students to check for understanding, go over the answers to the activities, share their experience with donation and/or transplantation and answer any questions that come up during the class.
- Please submit a request 4 weeks in advance for scheduling purposes. TS Trunk will be shipped to you one week before the scheduled class.
For questions, please contact the public education coordinator at Donor Alliance at _PHONE_ or transplantationscience@ donoralliance.org.


Penta Security, pil doğrulaması için blockchain uygular
Penta Security (South Korea) uses DLT technology to store data related to electric vehicles. The platform was developed in partnership with AutoCrypt
The company's main goal is to improve the ecology and safety of electric vehicles. It would seem that electric cars do not emit carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, and they are environmentally friendly. However, there is no limit to perfection.
The new blockchain-based system is designed to address the battery degradation. Today, when electric cars have occupied a niche in transport, the problem of battery fires and other violations of work is very acute.
In February 2021, Chinese authorities demanded an explanation from Tesla because of systematic problems with cars and batteries.
Therefore, the solution developed by Penta Security will be just right. The blockchain platform will be able to track the battery life cycle.
It was reported that the platform will track the battery status data while charging and draining the machines. The data will be recorded in the blockchain. If problems are detected, the program will notify the owner of the car.
The platform will serve up to 1000 cars a year. The data collected will help predict the risks of cars, organise timely battery recycling and save on maintenance.


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An object that creates and manages the contents of a single-column table interface.
- watchOS 2.0+
You use a table object to set the number and type of rows and to configure the data objects for those rows. Take the following steps to configure a table object and fill it with data:
Define one or more row controller types in your storyboard.
Define a custom data class to manage the contents of each row type.
Tell the table object how many rows (and of what type) to display at runtime.
Use instances of your custom data class to configure each row's contents.
Do not subclass or create instances of this class yourself. Instead, define outlets in your interface controller class and connect them to the corresponding objects in your storyboard file. For example, to refer to a table object in your interface, define a property with the following syntax in your interface controller class:
During the initialization of your interface controller, WatchKit creates a new instance of this class and assigns it to your outlet. At that point, you can use the object in your outlet to make changes to the table.
Defining Your Table's Rows
After adding a table object to your storyboard, configure the row controller that comes with the table. A row controller defines the appearance of a specific type of row. A table comes with one row type initially and you can add more later. Each row controller in your table requires some minimal configuration to be usable at runtime.
Each row controller must have a name, which you set using the Identifier property in the Attributes inspector. You use this name to create rows of that type later.
Each row controller must have an associated class, which you set in the Identity inspector. At runtime, the table creates instances of your row controller classes for each row in the table.
To configure the contents of a row controller, drag elements from the library and drop them onto the row's group. For most rows, you will want to use a group object as the top-level object. You can also nest group objects to create vertical and horizontal arrangements for your interface objects. To that group, add the objects needed to display the row's contents. Figure 1 shows how a configured row appears in Xcode.
Each row controller needs a class to manage the contents of the row at runtime. The class acts as a proxy for the row in your code and stores the outlets you need to configure the contents of the row. Listing 2 shows the definition of a custom
My class that could be used for the row controller in Figure 1.
Setting the Number of Rows at Runtime
To fill a table interface object with data, use the
set method. These methods specify the type (and number) of rows to add to the table. If all rows are of the same type, use the
set method. If you use more than one row controller in your table, use the
set method. The row type string corresponds to the name you entered into the Identifier property for that row controller in your storyboard.
When you add rows to a table, WatchKit creates the rows in your Watch app and instantiates the classes corresponding to those rows in your WatchKit extension. The newly instantiated classes are stored internally by the table object and made available to you through the
row method. Use that method to retrieve each row controller object and configure the contents of the row.
Listing 3 shows an example of how to configure a table object from your interface controller. The
todo property referenced by the method is a custom property that contains the
WKInterface object being configured. After getting the data for the rows, the method calls the
set method to create the rows. It then iterates over the newly created row controller objects, configuring each one's label with the text for the to-do item.
When you want to update the contents of a table, call
set again with the new row type information. Calling these methods again forces the table to discard the old rows and create new ones. To insert new rows without removing the old ones, use the
Responding to Taps in Table Rows
In your storyboard, create a segue between a row controller and a destination interface controller. When the user taps on a row of that type, the system automatically pushes the destination interface controller onto the screen. To pass data to the destination controller, override your current interface controller's
context method, and return context data based on the selected row.
Alternatively, you can explicitly respond to taps in a table row by implementing your interface controller's
table(_: method. Use that method to present a different interface controller or to perform any other relevant tasks.
Supporting Item Pagination
Item Pagination lets users easily navigate through lists of items. When the user selects an item from the table, the app displays a detailed view for the item. The user can then scroll up and down to navigate between other sibling items from that table. For example if the user selects a stock symbol in the Stocks app, it will load the details for that stock. They can then scroll vertically to navigate to other stocks.
Item Pagination is disabled by default. To enable it, perform the following steps:
In the storyboard, enable the table's Item Pagination option in the Attributes inspector.
In the storyboard, define segues for all of the table's row controllers. Your table must use segues to drive its navigation.
If you programmatically navigate through a table's items (for example, when launching from a complication to a specific interface controller), be sure to use the table's
performmethod, instead of the interface controller's
Controller(with Name: context:)
performmethod lets watchOS know which table and which row initiated the segue. The system needs this information to provide the correct sibling items as the user scrolls.
Interface Builder Configuration Options
Xcode lets you configure information about your table interface object in your storyboard file. Table 1 lists the attributes you can configure in your storyboard and their meaning.
The number of row controllers supported by the table. Change the value to add or remove new row controller objects to the storyboard file.
The amount of spacing (in points) between rows.
The background image to display behind the table's items. Do not set an image if you want the background color or image of the underlying interface controller to be visible.
The background color for the table. Set the color to clear if you want the background color or image of the underlying interface controller to be visible.
A checkbox that determines whether Item Pagination is enabled. For more information on Item Pagination, see Supporting Item Pagination.
For each row controller in your table, Table 2 lists the attributes you can configure and their meaning.
A checkbox indicating whether rows of this type are enabled and tappable. When this option is disabled, tapping the row does not highlight the row or report the action to the table.


State lawmakers expected to apologize to those placed in Japanese internment camps
CBS47 News
FRESNO, California — State lawmakers are expected to apologize to the families of more than 100,000 people placed in Japanese internment camps during World War II.
The California State Assembly is expected to approve a resolution Thursday.
Back in 1988, Congress gave survivors each $20,000 in reparations, but now after nearly 80 years the issue has surfaced once again.
The Assemblyman who proposed the resolution said he wants the california legislature to officially acknowledge and apologize while camp survivors are still alive.
One survivor is Les Ouchida.
He was just 5 years old, living in Fresno with his family when internment began for them.
They like many, were forced to abandon jobs, businesses and homes.
Les cites the findings of a presidential commission on why it happened.
"Racial prejudice, war hysteria and lack of political leadership.
So there was a lot of people not just politicians that didn't speak up." said Les Ouchida.
Les is now 82 years old, a volunteer at the california museum who often gives his insights to school children.
On Thursday, Les, as well as, many others are expected to, after so many years, get an apology.


_USER_{Laflı_Ergün_Five_2018, author={Laflı, Ergün and Buora, Maurizio}, howpublished={online}, year={2018}, abstract={
In this brief article five bronze fibulae will be presented which are being exposed in the museum of Kahramanmaraş and belonging to the Roman period. These five examples are rare and significant for the Roman archaeology of Asia Minor.
}, title={Five Roman fibulae in the museum of Kahramanmaraş in southeastern Turkey}, type={Artykuły / Articles}, volume={vol. LV}, journal={Folia Orientalia}, pages={395-410}, publisher={Polish Academy of Sciences — Cracow Branch}, doi={10.24425/for.2018.124690}, keywords={Fibula, Roman period, museum of Kahramanmaraş, Alesia type fibulae, enamelled fibulae, "Zwiebelknopffibel"}, }


Useful Tips
Dutch Oven Cooking
1. Fewer hot coals on the bottom, and more hot coals on top.
2. In all methods the coals need arranged toward the outer perimeter of both the bottom, as well as the lid to avoid burning. Rotating the Dutch Oven and lid at various times during the cooking process, also helps avoid hot spots and burning food.
3. +3 UP -3 DOWN Method
Once you use it a few times, and get it in your head, you won't have to carry any type of chart. In general this method produces 350° in any diameter size Dutch Oven. Knowing the Diameter of your pot; for example, if you have a normal depth 10 inch Dutch Oven, you simply add 3 to the diameter for the top (10+3=13 coals). You then subtract 3 from the diameter for the bottom (10-3=7 coals).
Rule of thumb for additional heat is; each additional coal added to the top only, will increase the internal temperature an additional 20 degrees.
Getting Latitude / Longitude from Google Maps
 1. To begin search for your desired location as you normally would.
 2. Next, right click the red "A" pin displayed on the map. Select What's here?
Conversely, if you have a lat, long combination you can plug that into Google Maps to show a location: 43.27069053158456, -75.28080940246582


Classical Splendor Painted Furniture for a Grand Philadelphia House Alexandra Alevizatos Kirtley, Peggy A. Olley, Jeffrey A. Cohen
Publication date:
03 Jan 2017
Yale University Press
160 pages: 254 x 279mm
170 color + 22 b-w illus.
Sales territories:
This handsome book explores in depth a group of stunning painted and gilded furniture designed by the architect Benjamin Henry Latrobe (1764–1820), best known for originating the plans for the United States Capitol. The furniture was made in Philadelphia for one of the city's finest houses—the home of William and Mary Wilcocks Waln, which Latrobe also designed. Drawing on a multiyear conservation and research project, Classical Splendor reveals new insights into the patrons, makers, and history behind these extraordinary pieces. In addition to extensively documenting each item, the book attests to Latrobe's significant contributions to American furniture design—his pieces for the Waln house introduced, and served as exemplars of, a classical style rooted in ancient Greek and Roman design.
Alexandra Alevizatos Kirtley is the Montgomery-Garvan Curator of American Decorative Arts and Peggy A. Olley is the associate conservator of furniture and woodwork, both at the Philadelphia Museum of Art. Jeffrey A. Cohen is senior lecturer and chair of the Growth and Structure of Cities Program at Bryn Mawr College.


Animal Soul Aggression & Fear Calming Reiki connects you and any animal on a deep soul level for understanding what the animal fears, and what is causing their discomfort and aggression. It works to bring a mutual trust between you and the animal, and soothes and calms them so they can learn to trust and let go of fears. Often when animals are aggressive it is because someone has mistreated them, or they are very afraid of something. Once you understand this and get a good idea of what is at the root of this behavior, you will be better able to help the animal be calm and soothe their emotions and energies.
This system also helps to soothe and calm fears and aggression that people may have towards animals. Most of the time this kind of think happens because people to do not understand the animal. People tend to fear what they don't understand. This is also true with animals. When a dog doesn't know what is expected of him, and he tries to do good but instead is yelled at, hit or worse, the dog has no understanding of what he did that was wrong. He learns to be afraid of he very people who are taking care of him and often love him. This can lead to things like fear biting or nervous anxiety in animals.
Allow animals to be animals, and gently teach them to trust and not fear you. With this attunement you will be empowered with the use of symbol to help you work with the energies.
Founder: Daelyn Wolf


What is the global incidence of sigmoid and cecal volvulus?
Updated: Jul 24, 2020
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Worldwide geographic variations in the incidence of sigmoid volvulus are well described. Much higher frequencies are reported in African, Asian, Middle Eastern, Eastern European, and South American countries. In all of these regions, the inhabitants consume a high-fiber diet, which is considered a predisposing factor for the development of sigmoid colon volvulus. In these endemic areas, patients are younger and predominantly male.
In the "volvulus belt" of Africa and the Middle East, nearly 50% of large-bowel obstructions are a result of volvulus, almost exclusively of the sigmoid colon. Cecal volvulus is much less common than sigmoid volvulus, accounting for 10-15% of all cases of volvulus and predominately affecting women in the sixth decade of life.
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Southern Blind SnakeScientific name: Anilios australis
Meaning of name: The meaning of Anilios is not known. Australis is Latin meaning southern.
Distribution: Occurs throughout the southwest of Western Australia from north of Geraldton to near the South Australian border.
Description: The body colour can be from a purplish-brown to purplish-grey to pink with a cream belly. They can grow to 42cm long.
Notes: This is the most common blind snake in Perth. They shelter beneath rocks, stumps, logs and rubbish. They eat only ants and termites, meaning they are harmless to humans. Blind snakes use an unpleasant odour produced from their anal glands to deter predators.
Snakes of Western Australia. GM Storr, LA Smith, RE Johnstone. 1986


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Epidemiological evidence strongly suggests that fruit consumption promotes many health benefits. Despite the general consensus that fruit and juice are nutritionally similar, epidemiological results for juice consumption are conflicting. Our objective was to use DNA methylation marks to characterize fruit and juice epigenetic signatures within PBMCs and identify shared and independent signatures associated with these groups. Genome-wide DNA methylation marks (Illumina Human Methylation 450k chip) for 2,148 individuals that participated in the Framingham Offspring exam 8 were analyzed for correlations between fruit or juice consumption using standard linear regression. CpG sites with low P
-values (P <
0.01) were characterized using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), and experimentally derived Functional element Overlap analysis of ReGions from EWAS (eFORGE). Fruit and juice-specific low P
-value epigenetic signatures were largely independent. Genes near the fruit-specific epigenetic signature were enriched among pathways associated with antigen presentation and chromosome or telomere maintenance, while the juice-specific epigenetic signature was enriched for proinflammatory pathways. IPA and eFORGE analyses implicate fruit and juice-specific epigenetic signatures in the modulation of macrophage (fruit) and B or T cell (juice) activities. These data suggest a role for epigenetic regulation in fruit and juice-specific health benefits and demonstrate independent associations with distinct immune functions and cell types, suggesting that these groups may not confer the same health benefits. Identification of such differences between foods is the first step toward personalized nutrition and ultimately the improvement of human health and longevity.
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited


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Kingdom of Plants
Availability: In stock.
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- Foreword by Professor Stephen Hopper
- 200 colour photographs
'Kingdom of Plants - A Journey through their Evolution' accompanies the stunning new Sky series filmed at Kew Gardens. Explore the wonders of the botanical world with this beautifully illustrated hardback book.
In the last 500 million years, plants have undertaken an epic journey that has not only spanned the ages but has altered the very make-up of the planet. It was a journey that began in a dark and barren world, and has culminated in a planet that is draped in rich colours, and overflowing with a diversity of mystifying orchids, exploding seed pods and snapping carnivorous plants. But plants are far more than just beautiful and bizarre.
Through the chapters of this book we uncover how plants first began to live on land, how they have become linked with a multitude of animal and fungi partners, and how ultimately they have shaped both landscapes and cultures.
Author: Will Benson
Format: 246 x 189, Hardback
Pages: 256 pp


text: The Flying Dutchman, a ghost ship in several maritime legends, was a sign of bad luck, particularly for sailors. In most versions, the ship appeared off the Cape of Good Hope, the southern tip of Africa. The legend was inspired by the story of a Dutch sea captain named Vanderdecken who boasted that he could complete the journey around the cape during a fierce storm. He swore that he would do so or keep trying forever. As punishment for his rashness, he was condemned to sail around the cape until the end of time. A similar version of the legend involves another captain who was forced to sail across the ocean forever because he had sold his soul to the devil. In 1843 the composer Richard Wagner wrote art opera based on the tale of the Flying Dutchman, which spread the story's popularity.


Explanation of Boat Excise Tax
Pursuant to Chapter 60B of the Massachusetts General Laws, every watercraft, including documented boats and ships, used or capable of being used as a means of transportation on water is subject to an excise tax unless expressly exempted. Excise is assessed for the "privilege of using the waterways."
The amount of excise due on a vessel in any registration year is calculated by multiplying the value of the vessel by the boats, ships and vessels excise rate. The rate is currently $10.00 per thousand dollars of value. The value of a vessel for the purpose of excise includes all equipment, including the mode of power and furnishings that are normally required aboard the vessel. The value is determined by the length and year of the vessel.
Excise tax will be assessed in the City or Town where the owner has the vessel habitually moored or docked for the summer season.
Excise for vessels are assessed on a fiscal year (July through June). If, during any fiscal year, the ownership of a vessel is transferred by sale or otherwise, the excise bill may be reduced by filing an abatement application (PDF).
The due date for boat excise tax is within 60 days of issue.


Australian Government Department of Health
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The Australian Standard Drink
What is a standard drink?
A standard drink is a unit of measurement. In the same way one metre measures a particular distance travelled, one standard drink measures a particular amount of alcohol consumed.
What is the standard drink used for?
Instead of counting glasses or containers, drinkers count standard drinks as a way of keeping track of how much alcohol they consume. Counting standard drinks is a much more reliable measure of how much alcohol is consumed compared to counting glasses, bottles, or cans. Counting glasses, bottles, or cans of alcohol can be misleading because they can contain varying amounts of alcohol.
The consumption limits in the Australian Alcohol Guidelines are based on the standard drink concept.
How many standard drinks in....?
The number of standard drinks in alcohol beverages is always shown on the label of the container.
Examples of how many standard drinks are in typical containers, always check the label or ask bar staff
Standard drinks guide
No label?
Bar and restaurant staff can help in identifying how many standard drinks are in glasses, jugs, and other containers that are not labelled. Restaurants and bars do not all have the same size glasses, so the number of standard drinks can vary from one licensed venue to the next.
How are standard drinks calculated?
The formula for calculating standard drinks is:
Volume of Container in Litres multiplied by the percentage of alcohol volume multiplied by 0.789, equals the number of standard drinks
0.789 is the specific gravity of ethyl alcohol
For example one stubbie of 375ml of full strength beer 5% alcohol by volume:
0.375 multiplied by 5 multiplied by 0.789 equals 1.5 standard drinks
0.375 X 5 X 0.789 = 1.5 standard drinks
How to count Standard Drinks?
Counting standard drinks is simply a matter of adding numbers.
For example if a person has one nip of spirits and two average restaurant glasses of wine, they would have consumed 4 standard drinks, that is 1 + 1.5 + 1.5
An average serve of wine is usually 150ml. Depending on the venue, glass size can vary from 120 to 180ml.
Some people put a bottle cap or a coaster in their pockets to represent every drink they have. This is not as accurate as counting standard drinks but it is better than not counting.
When counting standard drinks, people should be aware of bar staff or others topping up glasses or where the amount of alcohol is not known such as in mixed drinks, cocktails or punch.
Why count?
The main reason people count their drinks, using standard drinks, is to ensure that the low risk levels set out in the Australian Alcohol Guidelines are not exceeded. The low risk levels define the number of standard drinks that can be drunk before the threat to a person's health and social well-being moves up into the risky or high risk category.


Sun Java System Message Queue 4.3 Developer's Guide for C Clients
A handle that specifies the properties that determine the behavior of this connection. You must create this handle using the MQCreateProperties function before you try to create a connection. This handle will be invalid after the function returns.
See Table 4–2 for information about connection properties.
An MQString specifying the user name to use when connecting to the broker.
The library makes a copy of the username string.
An MQString specifying the password to use when connecting to the broker.
The library makes a copy of the password string.
An MQString used to identify the connection. If you use the connection for a durable consumer, you must specify a non-NULL client identifier.
The library makes a copy of the clientID string.
A connection-exception callback function used to notify the user that a connection exception has occurred.
A data pointer that can be passed to the connection exceptionListener callback function whenever it is called. The user can set this pointer to any data that may be useful to pass along to the connection exception listener for this connection. Set this to NULL if you do not need to pass data back to the connection exception listener.
Output parameter for the handle to the connection that is created by this function.
The MQCreateConnection function creates a connection to the broker. The behavior of the connection is specified by key values defined in the properties referenced by the propertiesHandle parameter. You must use the MQCreateProperties function to define these properties.
You cannot change the properties of a connection you have already created. If you need different connection properties, you must close and free the old connection and then create a new connection with the desired properties.
Setting a Client Identifier
The messaging service uses a client identifier in combination with a durable subscription name to uniquely identify each durable subscription. If a durable subscriber is inactive at the time that messages are delivered to a topic destination, the broker retains messages for that subscriber and delivers them when the subscriber once again becomes active.
Handling Connection Exceptions
Use the exceptionListener parameter to pass the name of a user-defined callback function that can be called synchronously when a connection exception occurs for this connection. Use the exceptionCallBackData parameter to specify any user data that you want to pass to the callback function.