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- Futurity.org - _URL_ -
On sale! But does inexpensive mean cheap?
Posted By Amy Wolf-Vanderbilt On November 27, 2012 @ 10:32 am In Society & Culture | No Comments
VANDERBILT (US) — The holidays usher in the biggest shopping season of the year, but sellers need to beware: sale prices can mean different things to different consumers.
New research shows that consumers often make inferences to fill in gaps in knowledge when they don't have complete information regarding products. To some, price denotes quality. For others, a low price means a good value.
New research by Vanderbilt Owen Graduate School of Management professor Steve Posavac and his co-authors finds that in some consumers' minds, price denotes quality. For others, low price leads a consumer to believe he or she is getting a good value.
"The bottom line of our research is that people can hold two opposing beliefs about a product. In the case of price, most people simultaneously believe that low prices mean good value and that low prices mean low quality. But these two beliefs are not equally present in consumers' minds all the time," says Steve Posavac, professor in marketing at Vanderbilt University.
Published in a forthcoming Journal of Consumer Research, the study finds that consumers use a series of theories when considering value and price. And how they size up a possible purchase depends on what's on their mind when they're thinking about a given product.
"Consumers rarely have complete information and use various strategies to fill the gaps in their knowledge as they consider and choose products. One of these strategies involves using naive theories: informal, common sense, explanations that consumers use to make sense of their environment," write Posavac and his co-authors Hélène Deval, Susan P. Mantel, and Frank R. Kardes.
For example, consumers may believe that popular products that are well advertised are high in quality while also believing that scarce or rarely heard of products are high in quality.
Price vs. quality
The researchers conducted eight experiments that tested marketing techniques that leaned toward price or quality. In one experiment, consumers were shown an ad for a bottle of wine with either a high or low price. When subtly reminded of quality, consumers evaluated the expensive wine more favorably than the cheap wine. However, when subtly reminded of value, they rated the cheap wine more favorably.
When marketing backfires
Sales promotions succeed when consumers perceive that they are getting a good deal, but they can also backfire if consumers perceive that lower prices indicate poor quality. Posavac uses department store J.C. Penney as an example.
"A company may implement an everyday low-pricing strategy that manages to reduce brand value and alienate consumers if many of them believe that low prices equal low quality. Over the years, J.C. Penney customers had become so used to sales that they no longer believed they were getting a good deal," says Posavac.
Because consumers use multiple "naïve theories" when analyzing a product, a company's subtle marketing tactics toward price or quality may attract one consumer while easily turning another consumer off.
"[Companies] design a strategy by assuming that a certain naive theory is going to drive consumer evaluation and choice when, in fact, several naive theories are available to the consumer," the authors conclude.
Source: Vanderbilt University
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Looking up dictionaries I don't see a easy rule when to use ability vs. faculty in sense of a describing attribute. For example, "cognitive faculty" or "faculty of speech" seem to be standard terms, but then "learning or mental ability" seems more common than "learning faculty". The only pattern I see is that abilities are kind of innate(?).
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It's not a distinction of meaning as such - just that certain combinations are more idiomatically established. The net result being that the more academic/clinical faculty tends to refer "innate, raw" potential (which you always had, and which can't be improved). Whereas ability, often refers to current skill level - which can improve or deteriorate. Depending on whether you practice, or allow skills to atrophy through disuse, for example. – FumbleFingers Jul 5 '12 at 23:29
Quick answer: 'faculty' is kind of general, referring to the ability in a species the possibility of X. 'Ability' means you can do X now. Also, 'faculty' has many very specific connotations (like with the individuals who teach at an institution) – Mitch Jul 6 '12 at 3:28
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up vote 3 down vote accepted
To me, and I don't think there's a Chicago or AP reference on this so YMMV:
 - Ability - what degree of capability exists
 - Faculty - is any capability present whatsoever
So, an infant has no faculty of speech, and a toddler has faculty but limited ability.
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properties used to makepennies. as well as a lot of electrical wiring. copper is also the originating mineral from which malachite and azurite form due to
mining of copper ores is carried out using one of two methods. this useful property prevented the heavy drag caused by the growth of weed that limited the
this ks3 education resource looks at copper mining extraction and it is ductile and it can prevent bacterial growth (see copper properties and applications).
copper is found in many minerals that occur in deposits large enough to mine. these include azurite malachite chalcocite acantite chalcopyrite and bornite.
learn about the geologic properties of copper how much exists how it is mined and where to find copper deposits on earth.
copper is opaque bright and metallic salmon pink on freshly broken surfaces but soon turns dull brown. copper crystals are uncommon but when formed are
from greek "kyprios" of cyprus the location of ancient copper mines; latin "cuprum". copper group. chemical properties of copperhide. this section is
che pure copper is soft and exposed surface has a reddish orange tarnish. pure copper is rarely found in nature. it is also believed that copper has the power to
copper is a chemical element with the symbol cu (from latin cuprum) and atomic number 29.. the concentration of copper in ores averages only 0.6% and most commercial ores are.. many electrical devices rely on copper wiring because of its multitude of inherent beneficial properties such as its high electrical

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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The intersection of ethics and communication in prenatal imaging: challenges for the pediatric radiologist
- 232 Downloads
Pediatric radiologists who practice prenatal imaging are often at the front lines of communication with pregnant patients and their partners. The communication process is particularly complex when a fetal abnormality is diagnosed. Regardless of whether the information is completely new and unexpected, or the patient is referred for tertiary imaging and counseling, few pediatric radiologists are trained specifically in the communication skills necessary to provide optimal care to the prospective parents. This paper reviews current literature regarding communication with patients about unexpected or difficult information, and illustrates key clinical and ethical features that make conversations with pregnant patients particularly challenging in the setting of fetal abnormalities.
KeywordsCommunication Bad news Prenatal diagnosis Congenital abnormalities Ethics
- 23.Casper M (1998) The making of the unborn patient: a social anatomy of fetal surgery. Rutgers University Press, New BrunswickGoogle Scholar
- 24.Asch A, Wasserman D (2009) Informed consent and prenatal testing: the Kennedy–Brownback Act. Virtual Mentor 11:721–724Google Scholar
- 27.Brown SD, Truog RD, Johnson JA et al (2006) Do differences in the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists positions on the ethics of maternal-fetal interventions reflect subtly divergent professional sensitivities to pregnant women and fetuses? Pediatrics 117:1382–1387CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar


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Lawyers for Change (LFC) is a learning platform that seeks to build a resource & support base for social justice lawyers to galvanize a movement across India by connecting them. We hope to pioneer as the go-to place for social justice lawyers negotiating the labyrinth called Indian judicial system.
We believe this will fundamentally subvert how we use the law as a tool for empowerment & ensuring access to human rights for all. Join us and contribute to creating a just and vibrant society.
Social justice lawyers fight inequality by using the legal system in a deeply unequal society like India. However, restricted access to knowledge limits them in their fight for the rights of the marginalized.
The present legal vocabulary thrives on inaccessibility but if knowledge really is power, then these barriers must be broken and LFC aims to do exactly that.
We aim to accomplish this by creating a community of social justice lawyers, ensuring they get free access to legal resources, including but not limited to knowledge generated from the lowest rungs of the judiciary which is barely accessible in India.
We also have a Virtual Academy, which will provide persons working at the grassroots with access to research, training materials and a platform to consult each other.
LFC empowers lawyers from marginalized communities and trains them to navigate an imbalanced landscape.
Lawyers for Change enables lawyers from vulnerable communities to address the specific problems faced by the communities to which they belong. LFC stands at the intersection between law and social transformation by focusing on identity building, sensitization and instilling a robust understanding of ground realities.
These transformations are key to making our democracy stronger.


can we measure TTL output using a multimeter
Discussion in 'The Projects Forum' started by rudy123, Aug 6, 2014.
 1. rudy123
 Thread Starter New Member
 Mar 24, 2014
 Hi, i am working on a pen wand scanner (MSH-119) project. The output of the scanner is TTL data. My question is: can we measure the TTL output using a multimeter? I tried it but the output is always 5v (because I connect a pull up resistor 5.1k between the power and the TTL output) no matter where I place the tip of the pen on.
 2. Papabravo
 Feb 24, 2006
 It is better to use an oscilloscope. That way you can measure the on and off times of the signals and actually see the bits. A multimeter can tell you if the output is beating up and down or it is fixed at a high or low level.
 3. DickCappels
 Aug 21, 2008
 Yes, I used to do this regularly before I bought a scope for my second home. I still do it occasionally because its often more convenient than waiting for the scope to boot up.
 If the logic signal is faster than the meter's response time (usually on the order of half a second, depending upon the particular meter) the voltage you measure will be the logic high voltage times the duty cycle. In your present case, this applies if the pullup resistor has a low enough resistance for the signal to faithfully switch while driving the capacitance of the meter leads and meter input.


text: Description: Baañke is a hairy vine with branched tendrils. It is known in English as the "field pumpkin." Leaves of Baañke are triangular or heart-shaped, up to 30 cm (12 in) long, with pointed, toothed lobes. The flowers are large and yellow, and the fruit is orange when ripe and regularly furrowed. Although baañke refers to the pumpkin producing plant, other varieties of this species (Cucurbita pepo) produce different vegetables such as summer squash, scallop squash, and yellow-flowered gourds (small, hard-shelled, variously shaped, ornamental fruits).

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


How to Sedate a Dog for Grooming?: Keep a Dog Calm while Grooming
How to Sedate a Dog for Grooming
Grooming dogs is a task when you do it at home. Many dogs become anxious and do not stay still while you are grooming them. As the dogs don't stay calm, it also becomes a bit of a task for the owner to groom their little pet. There are several ways to make sure that your dog stays calm during the entire grooming session. The process of giving sedatives that calm your dog down is called Sedation.
Sedatives : Drugs available in the market for sedating your dog
When the dogs are sedated, it calms them down. A dog is in a tranquil state due to sedatives, and this can help during grooming session or whenever you are visiting the vet. Many dogs become restless and start moving during stressful conditions, and hence it becomes imperative to sedate them. Generally, drugs are given to the dogs that are known as sedatives which helps them to stay relaxed and calm.
How to Sedate a Dog for Grooming?
There are many options of sedative drugs available in the market that can be given to the dogs before the grooming sessions. However, it should be seen to it that the sedatives are provided as per the vet's prescription and advice. It is harmful to give your dogs sedatives if you do not have complete knowledge about it. It is also essential to know the quantity of the drug that should be provided for the desired result. All the guidelines should be followed when you are administering such sedatives to your dog.
The sedatives with a prescription should be given in the dosage as per the vet's guideline. The options for sedative drugs for dogs include options like diazepam, acepromazine, etc. Many dog owners have also found the little dosage of Benadryl too helpful for sedating their dogs. The sedatives can be given along with the food to your pet in the small dosages. The food with the sedatives can be given with special treat if your dog is not willing to eat it.
What are the other ways to sedate your dog?
There are other alternative ways to sedate your dogs without giving them the sedatives. As many people do not like to provide their dogs with tranquilizers following tricks also work to calm your furry friend down:
 - Most commonly practiced way to sedate your dog is to take your dog on a walk. Dogs when taken for a walk or any physical activity will get tired. You can also play games such as frisbee with your pet. Playing with them is a great way to make sure that they are not anxious while grooming them with the help of grooming scissors kit. So keeping your dog physically active before taking them to the vet or for a grooming session will help them in being calm during that time.
 - Another way to keep your dog relaxed is to give them their favorite toy or treat when you are grooming them. This will help in distracting your dog attention from grooming to playing with the toy or treat.
 - Dogs crave the most for their owner's touch. Continuously patting them also helps them to calm down. It also helps to calm down their anxiety and restlessness. This way your dog will stay close, and you will be easily able to make them stay stable while grooming them.
 - The last but the most effective method is to try the aromatherapy. There are many natural oils available that help in calming and soothing the animals as well as the dogs down. Such oils are good for the skin as well. One such oil that has soothing effects is Lavender oil. Some drops of lavender oil should be taken on your fingertips and massage it on the back of their head. Rubbing such soothing oils helps the dogs to relax and stay calm. You can also light an aroma candle while grooming your dogs to keep the atmosphere restful.
These all are the ways that are tried and tested to sedate the dogs. If you are giving sedatives make sure it is under vets supervision, also all the other alternative methods are easy to follow.
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Transactions with entities from other European Union countries require compliance with the specific VAT settlement. Special taxation rules and the various nature of the distribution of goods may be the cause of many legal and tax doubts and problems. At CGO Legal, our specialists will help you find the most convenient solutions for the distribution of goods within the European Union, as well as serving the support in correct tax settlements and all legal aspects.
Intra-Community regulations in the field of goods distribution are very diverse, and foreign transactions may include different activities, including:
- mail-order sales from the territory of the member state,
- mail-order sales in the territory of a member state,
- intra-Community supply of goods,
- intra-Community acquisition of goods.
Each of them has different specifics of settlements. That is why depending on the type of distribution of goods a given company performs, it may take completely different forms. We will help you find the best solutions by adapting operating methods and tax structures to a specific business profile.
Factors that are important for determining the type of taxation of specific transactions within the European Union include primarily:
- the type of taxable person for whom the delivery of goods takes place,
- limits on the sale of goods defined by individual countries,
- place of providing individual services,
The knowledge of the specificity of taxation of individual types of transactions related to the distribution of goods within the European Union makes CGO Legal the best support for every entrepreneur.
Should you have any further questions regarding the distribution of goods in the European Union contact us.


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EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CARBON SOURCES ON THE GROWTH OF ANTIMICROBIAL PRODUCING Bacillus Species IN Citrillus vugaris.
Effect of different carbon sources on the growth of antimicrobial producing Bacillus species in ogiri-egusi sold in Ogbeta, Orie, Artisian, Kenyatta, Enugu State were evaluated using standard microbiological and analytical methods. 12 bacteria were isolated and identified such as Bacillus subtilis,(33.33), Bacillus pumulis (41.66), Bacillus licheniformis (25) were identified based on their colony biochemical characteristics.The isolates of the highest occurrences is bacillus pumilus. Agar well diffusion method was used to determine the antimicrobial activity against two pathogenic organisms, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus. Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus pumulis, gave a zone of inhibition Escherichia coli 0.6mm and 0.8mm after 24 hours of incubation also carbon sources of 5% and 10% sucrose, Glucose and soluble starch were used to check their different carbon sources on the isolates using the spectrophotometer.5% had the highest optimum growth of 1.400 for glucose 1.545 for sucrose,2.376 for soluble starch which can be added in maximum quantity to a medium to produce antibiotics.


How Radio Can Improve Lives in Minority Communities
Braisby, Rose (2021) How Radio Can Improve Lives in Minority Communities. MRes thesis, University of Lincoln.
How Radio Can Improve Lives in Minority Communities
Braisby Rose e-copy submission 11.02.21.pdf - Whole Document
Item Type:Thesis (MRes)
Item Status:Live Archive
This thesis will draw upon radio production, specifically community radio, to examine how the participation of the audience can empower participants and offer a voice to the voiceless. By embedding the values of community radio into community/rehabilitation projects, can radio improve lives for those participating in the production?
This research will explore what is meant by the term minority community, and how those within a minority community can be better represented through the medium of radio. Radio produced 'by the prisoner for the prisoner' is beginning to draw academic interest as a means to help prisoners with their rehabilitation process. This thesis will explore the nature of the media within minority communities, and will specifically examine how radio production can be used to connect with the more challenging to reach communities such as prisoners and patients within a high-secure hospital. Are prisoners a minority community? If so, what defines them as such? By focusing on one element of minority communities; those who are incarcerated, this body of work examines the broader implications for other minority communities.
It is necessary to examine the impact that radio has on the producer to analyse how radio can improve lives. By drawing on the theory and practice of media production, as well as the impact on participants, a conclusion can be made on how the lives of those involved are improved.
The DiGi DBT (Digital Dialectical Behavioural Therapy) project will act as a case study to test the theory that radio production can improve lives. Through an observational research approach, the project will look specifically at patients diagnosed with personality disorders, living in a high-secure hospital. By encouraging patients to engage with community radiobased projects, can they be empowered? If empowerment takes place, can this aid the patients' rehabilitation process?
DiGi DBT was initially a two-year project, funded by Knowledge Transformation Partnerships (KTP), which was later extended to three years. DiGi DBT was observed first-hand by the researcher and author of this thesis, while being employed as the Media and Therapy Developer responsible for leading the programme. The project saw the University of Lincoln and Rampton High Secure Hospital come together to use radio as a medium to help patients diagnosed with personality disorder redesign Dialectical Behavioural Therapy (DBT) for future patients through radio production. This thesis uses ethnographic, observational and qualitative research techniques to evaluate the success of the project, the project aims and how this project can be used as a case study to evidence how radio can improve lives in minority communities
ID Code:44216
Deposited On:04 Mar 2021 12:51
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Akamina-Kishinena Provincial Park
History and conservation
Akamina Kishinena Provincial Park is located in the southeast corner of the province. This wilderness area along with Waterton Lakes National Park and US Glacier National Park, preserves the Crown of the Continent UNESCO World Heritage Site at the narrowest point of the Rocky Mountains.
Preserves and protects the habitat of the last self-sustaining grizzly bear population in the United States, as well as a winter range for goats and big horn sheep. Protected plant species include the rare Mimulus luteus (yellow monkey flower) and the rare Papaver pygmaeum (pigmy poppy) that are found nowhere else in BC.
The trails and passes of the Akamina-Kishinena were used for many years by the early people's and wildlife travelling between the Flathead Basin and the abundant Great Plains. For instance, the Kootenai aboriginal people travelled through South Kootenay Pass to reach the plains for trading and buffalo hunting.
The spectacular southeast corner of the province was recommended for preservation as early as 1917. In 1995 Akamina-Kishinena became a class A provincial park. The closest communities are Waterton Lakes National Park community and Sparwood. The area is 109.21 km².
- Akamina-Kishinena Provincial Park
- "Akamina-Kishinena Park". BC Geographical Names. _URL_
|This British Columbian protected areas related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|


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Say someone purchased clothing on shabbat--knowing that it was a violation--can that clothing be worn?
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1 Answer 1
Since you say the purchaser knows his act was "a violation", I'll assume he's Jewish. For the same reason, I won't discuss here a case in which someone did a prohibited act without knowing that what he was doing was wrong. (The rules are somewhat different in such a case.) Thus, caveat lector: the below is about cases in which the Shabas-violator knew he was violating Shabas.
If something is cooked by a Jew on Shabas the cooked food cannot be eaten on that Shabas, and is forbidden to him forever. (Shulchan Aruch 318:1.) The commentators note that the same is true for other prohibitions, not just cooking.
But Beur Halacha ("אחת משאר מלאכות", quoting Chaye Adam) says that if a forbidden act done on an object did not physically change the object in any way (e.g. something was carried), then it's prohibited only until the close of Shabas, even for the violator. He (still quoting Chaye Adam) adds that if the forbidden act, though it didn't physically change the object, was a divine prohibition then one should not allow himself that lessening of the restrictions, but should consider the object prohibited as per the general rule above.
But buying clothes on Shabas is usually not a divine prohibition. (It can be in some circumstances.) So in most cases, you would not be allowed to use the garment on Shabas, but it would be permitted afterward. Even if a divine prohibition were violated, the garment would be permitted to everyone but the violator.
This is a general discussion based on Shulchan Aruch and others. If the question is relevant to you, consult your rabbi.
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text: ARID1A is a recently identified tumor suppressor that functions in chromatin remodeling. Inactivating mutations of ARID1A and loss of its expression most frequently occur in ovarian clear cell carcinoma, ovarian endometrioid carcinoma, and uterine endometrioid carcinoma. In this study, we performed a detailed immunostaining analysis of ARID1A in 246 cases including benign endometrium and endometrioid carcinoma at different stages of progression. Special attention was paid to recording intratumoral heterogeneity of clonal loss of ARID1A immunoreactivity. All normal endometria (n=51) and endometrial polyps (n=14) retained ARID1A expression. Among complex atypical hyperplasias (n=38), 16% exhibited clonal loss of ARID1A, but none showed complete loss. Among low-grade endometrioid carcinomas (n=88), 25% exhibited complete loss and 24% exhibited clonal loss. In contrast, 44% of high-grade endometrioid carcinomas (n=55) showed complete loss of ARID1A, and 9% exhibited clonal loss. We found that 19 high-grade carcinomas also contained concurrent low-grade carcinomas. In the high-grade areas, 63% exhibited complete loss and 11% exhibited clonal loss, whereas in the low-grade areas, 37% exhibited complete loss and 42% clonal loss. In 5 of these 19 cases, progressive loss of ARID1A from retention or clonal loss to complete loss was observed between the low-grade and high-grade areas. Overall, the percentage of complete ARID1A loss increased from 0% in complex atypical hyperplasia, to 25% in low-grade endometrioid carcinoma, to 44% in high-grade endometrioid carcinoma. These findings suggest that loss of ARID1A expression, presumably due to mutation, plays an important role in tumor progression of uterine endometrioid carcinoma.


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Tea Extracts Repair Radiotherapy Skin Damage
Posted: December 8, 2006
Findings from a new study confirm that tea extracts applied to the skin promote the repair of damage from radiotherapy, and shed light on the mechanisms involved in the injury. The beneficial effects of the extracts are mostly from their ability to attenuate the body signals that trigger inflammation.
Radiotherapy interruption because of toxic effects to the skin may compromise the outcome of cancer treatment, lead author Dr. Frank Pajonk, from the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, told Reuters Health. "So, it is important to have an effective treatment for this problem."
According to Pajonk, "tea extracts have been used as a folk remedy for sunburns, which led to their use as a treatment for radiation-induced skin toxicity. They have proven quite successful in this regard, but there were no scientific data" to clarify their effects.
In a study reported in the journal BMC Medicine, the researchers analyzed the effects of green or black tea extracts given to 60 patients with skin damage related to radiotherapy for head and neck cancers and cancer in the pelvic region.
Treatment with the tea extracts enhanced skin repair, the report indicates. For radiation damage in the head and neck region, the green and black tea extracts were comparable in promoting repair, whereas in the pelvic region, green tea extract was superior, Pajonk said.


Philosophy Of Taekwondo Belts
White is the color of purity, honesty, peace, and friendship
Beginner students have little knowledge of Taekwondo; they do not have an in-depth understanding of Taekwondo and the nature of its techniques and principles. In addition, white belts in taekwondo indicate that the student does not have any degree or rank in Taekwondo.
Yellow expresses hope and strives
The yellow belt indicates that the student is facing Taekwondo rays and is going to reach the depth. In other words, the seed buds are yellow at first and turn green after growth. Therefore, it can be said that the student is like a bud that tries to grow and flourish with persistent efforts.
Green is a sign of defense.
The seed that comes out of the soil gradually turns green. Green is the color of defense. As mentioned, Taekwondo is a defensive art. All of its techniques have been developed for defense. At this stage, the student is fully acquainted with the basic techniques and can perform them well.
Blue is the color of peace.
The color of the seawater and the color of the sky. Taekwondo seedlings are now in the sky and protected from storms. Now Taekwondo players become a tree that can easily protect themselves and others like an umbrella.
Why do taekwondo fighters use a white belt at the beginning and wear a black belt when they reach the top?? What are the meanings of choosing yellow, green, blue, red, black.???
Red is the color of attack and onslaught
The color of war and blood. The color of flame and fire.
Black, the world of the unknown
 The taekwondo player has reached the unknown. On the one hand, there is despair and fear, and on the other hand, the spirit of aggression is found in the red belt. The peace he found in the blue belt has made him patient.
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Reader: "Crissy, why does my eyeshadow crease? Whenever I do it, I get these lines in my eyeshadow."
There is nothing more annoying than spending a ridiculous amount of time on your eyeshadow only to find that it begins to crease within a few minutes of you completing it. Has this ever happened to you? Well, if you want to know how to prevent this from happening, keep reading.
What does it mean when your eyeshadow creases? Creasing of the eyeshadows occurs when the oils on the eyelid begin to seep through the shadow causing the eyeshadow to build up in the creases or folds of the eyelids. This buildup is known as creasing. If you're still confused, have you ever looked at your eyeshadow and noticed there are horizontal lines in the shape of your eyes? Well that's creasing sis.
I've seen several tips and tricks along the way to prevent creasing. While no one method is right or wrong, they all have the same goal in common. That goal is creating a solid base for the eyeshadow to stick to. For me, I choose to use a cream base concealer or eyeshadow primer. Not only does this help the eyeshadow stay in place, but it also helps it to appear more pigmented. After I apply the cream concealer or eyeshadow primer, I did not open my eyes anymore. Once you open your eyes, whatever cream or liquid base you choose to use settles into the fold or creases of your eyes. Knowing this, I keep my eyes closed and I dip an eyeshadow brush into a setting powder. Next I apply that setting powder all over the lid. Finally, I allow it to dry prior to opening my eyes.
This process may seem lengthy but it doesn't take any time at all. It should not take more than a minute or two (the entire process). These few short steps Will prevent your eyeshadow from creasing LOL your colors to shine bright.
How do you stop your eyeshadow from creasing? Share your tips in the comment section below!


It's far easier to duplicate, rename and customize an existing Drupal theme and use it to build your first theme than to build one from scratch.
The first step is to install the theme you want to modify. Then make a copy of the theme directory on your computer. Use this local copy to make your changes, and then upload the modified copy to your site/all/themes directory on your web host.
To edit the files in a theme, you need some sort of text editor:
 - On a Windows machine, you can use the NotePad text editor.
 - On the Mac, TextEdit will work, although be sure to choose Format→Make Plain Text.
To create your own version of a theme, follow these steps:
 1. Rename the folder to a distinctive name you want to use for your theme.
 The name may only contain lowercase letters, numbers, and underscores. The example uses drupalfordummies.
 2. Open this folder and locate the.info file. Rename this file with your new theme name.
 For this example, is used.
 Make sure you rename the info file. Don't copy it with a new name. You only want one info file in your theme directory, and the name needs to match the name of your theme.
 3. Open the.info file in a text editor).
 4. Change the first line of this file to simply
 ; $Id$
 5. Change the name = line to use your theme name.
 In the example, this line is changed to name = Drupal For Dummies.
 This will be the name that shows up on the module selection page. It can contain spaces.
 6. Change the description text to describe your theme.
 The example changes the description to description = Yellow and Black Theme.
 7. Save this file using the new name you gave your theme.
 The examples is named You can delete the original.info file.
 Your.info file should now look similar to the following illustration.
 8. Open the template.php file in a text editor, use FIND and REPLACE to find the name "garland" and replace it with your theme's name (for example, drupalfordummies). Save your file.
 9. Repeat Step 8 for the theme-settings.php file.


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Vestland fylkeskommune, the regional road administration that owns the regional roads in Vestland in Norway, made a demo installation of the Actibump system in Bergen, Norway. They have now evaluated the system and its effects from a number of angles. Their conclusions are very positive and in short some of them are:
- Comparisons between speed measurements collected before and after installation show a significant drop in speed at the Actibump.
- Speed measurements ca 80 meters after the installation show a lower reduction of speed.
- Emergency organisations are positive to the system.
- The public transport organisation has had no complaints about the system.
- Very few complaints from the public.
- There have been no observations of bicyclists crossing the hatch, but there have been some situations observed where bicyclists enter the bike lane right before the Actibump.
- There have been observations of rapid decelerations and evasive actions on a motorcycle but it happened in a well-controlled manner.
- There have been no observations or complaints about undesired actions connected to the system.
- Higher cost than the usual speed reducing measures but added value in the shape of traffic data.
You can find the entire report, in Norwegian, HERE


For any set $X$ and positive integer $k$ denote by $[X]^k$ the set of subsets $S\subseteq X$ such that $|S|=k$.
Let $H=(V,E)$ be a hypergraph such that for every $e\in E$ we have $|e|\geq 2$. A map $c:V\to \kappa$, where $\kappa$ is a cardinal, is said to be a (hypergraph) coloring if for all $e\in E$ the restriction $c|_e$ is not constant. By $\chi(H)$ we denote the smallest cardinal $\kappa$ such that there is a coloring $c:V\to \kappa$.
Given any positive integer $n$, we consider it as a finite cardinal $n = \{0,\ldots,n-1\}$. It is easy to see that if $a, b$ are positive integers with $a < b \leq 2a$ then $\chi\big((2a, [2a]^b)\big) = 2$: color the even members of $2a$ with $0$, and the odd members with $1$.
Given a fixed positive integer $k>2$, is there always $n>2k-2$ such that $\chi\big((n, [n]^k)\big) = n$?
 - 2
 $\begingroup$ $\chi((n,[n]^k))=\lceil n/(k-1)\rceil$ $\endgroup$ – Fedor Petrov Jan 31 '19 at 15:46
Notice that a map $c : n \to \kappa$ is a coloring of $(n,[n]^k)$ iff no element of $\kappa$ has $k$ distinct preimages. Hence by the pigeonhole principle $\chi((n,[n]^k)) = \lceil\frac{n}{k-1}\rceil$.
Now for any $k \geq 3$ and $n > 2k-2$ we have $n > 2$, so $\frac{n}{n-1} < 2 \leq k-1$, implying $\frac{n}{k-1} < n-1$.
Thus $\chi((n,[n]^k)) = \lceil\frac{n}{k-1}\rceil < n$.
Your Answer


text:
A small bicycle manufacturer has daily fixed costs of $1800 and each bicycle costs $90 to manufacture. What is the function of the cost to manufacture x bicycles C(x). Graph C(x). What is the manufacturing cost of 14 bicycles and how many can be made with $3780.
1 Answer | Add Yours
The fixed cost of manufacturing the bicycles is equal to $1800. The variable cost of manufacturing one bicycle is $90.
The cost of manufacuring bicycles as a function a function C(x) of the number of bicycles manufactured is C(x) = 1800 + 90*x
The graph of the cost function C(x) = 1800 + 90*x is:
The cost of building 14 bicycles in a day is 1800+90*14 = $3060
The number of cycles that can be built with $3780 is x = (3780-1800)/90 = 22
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text:
A process audit team is responsible for evaluating and improving the processes within an organization. The functions and advantages of a process audit team include:
- Identify areas for improvement: A process audit team can identify areas where processes are not working efficiently or effectively, and suggest changes to improve the overall performance of the organization.
- Ensure compliance: The team can ensure that processes are being followed according to established standards and procedures, which can help the organization avoid costly mistakes or legal issues.
- Evaluate risks: The team can evaluate potential risks associated with processes and suggest ways to mitigate or eliminate those risks.
- Increase efficiency: The team can identify ways to streamline processes, reduce waste, and improve productivity, which can help the organization save time and resources.
- Foster a culture of continuous improvement: By regularly conducting process audits and making recommendations for improvement, the team can help the organization develop a culture of continuous improvement.
- Provide feedback: The team can provide feedback to employees and management about how processes are working, which can help identify training needs, highlight best practices, and address any issues that arise.
- Enhance customer satisfaction: By improving processes, the organization can provide better products and services to its customers, leading to increased customer satisfaction and loyalty.
Overall, a process audit team can help an organization improve its performance, reduce risk, and achieve its strategic objectives.


text:
1. The effect of age on the motor output of the first dorsal interosseous muscle of 22 (6 female, 16 male) human subjects was investigated. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of age on the control of muscle force and the associated changes in the discharge behavior and mechanical properties of single motor units. 2. Each subject performed three tasks requiring isometric abduction of the left index finger: a maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), a constant-force task, and a threshold task. The ability to control force was assessed during the constant-force task by quantifying the variation in isometric force about four submaximal target forces (5, 20, 35, and 50% MVC). The threshold task involved sustaining the discharge of the isolated motor unit at a low, steady rate for ~3 min. 3. The discharge behavior and the mechanical properties of single motor units were determined during the threshold task by measuring the interimpulse intervals and the peak amplitude and time to peak of the spike-triggered average force. 4. The data indicated that age had an effect on the variation of force about submaximal target forces (range: 5-50% MVC), and that these force variations, when calculated relative to the target force, were greater at lower force levels in the elderly subjects. 5. On the basis of the mean interimpulse interval and the variability in the interimpulse interval, no differences were identified between the young and elderly subjects in the discharge behavior of 159 (young subjects: n = 83; elderly subjects: n = 76) identified single motor units when discharging at low, steady rates. 6. The mean spiketriggered average force (percentage of MVC) exerted by individual motor units discharging at low, steady rates was larger in elderly subjects. However, the mean time to peak of the spike-triggered average force was similar for the two age groups. 7. The force exerted during the threshold task was subjected to a spectral analysis. No difference was found in the frequency of the peak in the power spectrum between the young and elderly groups. The amplitude of the peak, however, was significantly greater for the elderly subjects. These results suggest that the fluctuation of force at frequencies associated with unfused discharge rates in motor units was larger in elderly individuals during the threshold task. 8. We conclude that the reduced ability of elderly subjects to maintain a constant submaximal force is at least partially due to the larger forces exerted by low-threshold motor units. This association is probably due to the peripheral reorganization of motor units that accompanies aging, although a role for an increase in the synchronization of motor unit discharge cannot be excluded.
ASJC Scopus subject areas


text:
This paper uses the example of the College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine Libraries at the University of Edinburgh. It examines the changing course structure in veterinary medicine and shows how information skills training has developed to provide students with transferable skills which they can take into their veterinary career. This is particularly relevant as the profession is increasing the emphasis on continuing professional development. The paper investigates how staff in the Veterinary Libraries have collaborated with colleagues in the Medical Libraries, using the example of information skills training for medical students to tailor training for veterinary students. The paper will discuss how Library staff liaised with the Veterinary School to integrate information skills training into the undergraduate curriculum.
The paper will also discuss information skills training of postgraduate students and staff in the Veterinary School. Finally, the paper will show how the Veterinary Subject Guide on Library Online (_URL_ was developed to assist ease of access to resources for students. Relevance to the conference: The work described in this paper covers several of the conference themes including: training programmes, liaison with clients, teaching Internet search skills, knowledge sharing and developing library websites. Finally, it suggests that a 21st century veterinary library must develop to meet its clients' needs and provide them with the transferable skills they require in 21st century veterinary medicine.


When Does a Lease Terminate Pre-Petition?
Published On: March 30th, 2015 | Author: Perry Law, P.C. | Category: Bankruptcy Florida
Two Florida bankruptcy courts have addressed a similar issue with different results. The scenario is common enough, a tenant and landlord enter into a lease which the tenant subsequently defaults under. The landlord brings a cause of action for eviction, obtains a judgment and eventually a writ of possession. But, before the writ of possession is executed the tenant files for bankruptcy. At that point is the lease one which can be assumed under the Bankruptcy Code 365?
In In re Key Largo Watersports, 377 BR 738, the court held no. There the court held that the judgment and writ of possession terminated the tenant's rights and thus there was no lease to assume. However, in In re 2408 W. Kennedy, 512 BR 708, the court held that until the writ was executed the tenant still had a right of possession and thus there was in fact a lease to assume.
These two cases stress the importance of properly entering into and terminating a lease before bankruptcy; and, understanding how a lawsuit and/or bankruptcy can impact your lease.


text:
A hatch pattern consists of a repeating pattern of lines, dashes, and dots. You can select a hatch pattern from a set of predefined patterns, or you can define a pattern of your own. The hatch pattern you used most recently is the default pattern the next time you choose Hatch.
The program supplies predefined standard hatch patterns, which are stored in the icad.pat and icadiso.pat hatch pattern library files. You can use other external hatch pattern libraries, such as an office standard library, customized patterns, and libraries available from vendors or standards organizations.
NOTE The icad.pat hatch pattern library files are ANSI (American National Standards Institute)-compliant patterns; the icadiso.pat hatch pattern library files are ISO (International Standards Organization)-compliant.
You can add hatching to an area enclosed by entities selected to form the hatch boundary. The entire hatch is treated as a single entity. After you draw a hatch, it is independent of the entity itself.
You can also use an existing entity to define the area you want to hatch. You can associate the hatch with its boundary entities by selecting Associative from the Hatch Attributes area of the Hatch dialog box
1. From the Boundary Hatch dialog box, click the Boundary tab.
2. Choose one of the following Island Detection Options:
- Nested Islands The outer entity and all its islands are considered for hatching.
- Outer Only Only the outer entity and its outer island are considered for hatching.
- Ignore Islands Only the outer entity is considered for hatching.
Nested Islands Outer Only Ignore Islands
3. To keep the boundary, select the Retain Boundaries check box.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
In Oracle if you want to store a small value, such as a one digit code (e.g. 0, 1, 2, 3 4, or Null; or Null, or 1; or 1, or 2), what is the space optimal way to store such a value. Currently I'm looking at a system where it was decided to store these values as VARCHAR2(11 CHAR), but it seems like the wrong option for a column type. From the online Oracle documentation and the almighty Google it seems like the more space optimal storage option with be CHAR(1) as it seems to be the smallest on disk type.
Am I completely wrong in my thinking or doesn't it not matter either way?
share|improve this question
It's a number. Use a NUMBER. – Phil Feb 5 '13 at 16:45
_USER_ From my understanding of the Oracle documention link a NUMBER(1) is stored as two BYTEs verus CHAR(1) which is stored as one BYTE. – Eric Day Feb 5 '13 at 16:52
How many rows do you expect? – dezso Feb 5 '13 at 16:55
_USER_ Only in the 10's of millions every three months. Though there are roughly 70 columns that have this type of data. – Eric Day Feb 5 '13 at 17:06
how much percent of space will you save in your database by defining these columns as CHAR(1) instead of NUMBER(1)? – miracle173 Feb 5 '13 at 17:16
1 Answer 1
up vote 7 down vote accepted
The documentation states the size of datatypes here.
0 (the number) is stored as 1 byte. Other single digit numbers will be stored in 2 bytes (one for the exponent, one for the mantissa). You can test this yourself by creating a test table and using the VSIZE() function on test data (doc link).
A CHAR(n) will be stored in n bytes.
I'd always store numbers in a NUMBER. Unless you're dealing with trillions of rows, the space saving will not be significant enough.
share|improve this answer
Is there an advantage as stroing it as a number? I agree about storing numbers as numbers, but there are not really numbers. That is to say, the numbers are really just codes for other values, like Male/Female, Yes/No, etc. So though it's a numeric representation it's not really a number, it's more an alias. – Eric Day Feb 5 '13 at 17:12
_USER_ but it's still a number representing a foreign key to another table that uses a number as a primary key. And putting numeric data in string fields is a pretty terrible idea for a variety of reasons, not least of which are lack of data integrity, increased space on disk, and funky sorting – JNK Feb 5 '13 at 17:18
_USER_ The irony is that there are no forign key's in this case. This is just how the buiness data is stored. – Eric Day Feb 5 '13 at 17:29
_USER_ you have my sympathies then – JNK Feb 5 '13 at 17:32
Your Answer


text:
|Hash and Hash Iterator Object Language Elements|
|Applies to:||Hash object|
|rc=object.EQUALS(HASH: 'object', RESULT: variable name);|
specifies whether the method succeeded or failed.
A return code of zero indicates success; a nonzero value indicates failure. If you do not supply a return code variable for the method call and the method fails, then an appropriate error message is written to the log.
specifies the name of a hash object.
specifies the name of the second hash object that is compared to the first hash object.
specifies the name of a numeric variable name to hold the result. If the hash objects are equal, the result variable is 1. Otherwise, the result variable is zero.
The following example compares H1 to H2 hash objects:
length eq k 8; declare hash h1(); h1.defineKey('k'); h1.defineDone(); declare hash h2(); h2.defineKey('k'); h2.defineDone(); rc = h1.equals(hash: 'h2', result: eq); if eq then put 'hash objects equal'; else put 'hash objects not equal';
The two hash objects are defined as equal when all of the following conditions occur:
Both hash objects are the same size--that is, the HASHEXP sizes are equal.
Both hash objects have the same number of items--that is, H1.NUM_ITEMS = H2.NUM_ITEMS.
Both hash objects have the same key and data structure.
In an unordered iteration over H1 and H2 hash objects, each successive record from H1 has the same key and data fields as the corresponding record in H2--that is, each record is in the same position in each hash object and each such record is identical to the corresponding record in the other hash object.
In the following example, the first return call to EQUALS returns a nonzero value and the second return call returns a zero value.
data x; length k eq 8; declare hash h1(); h1.defineKey('k'); h1.defineDone(); declare hash h2(); h2.defineKey('k'); h2.defineDone(); k = 99; h1.add(); h2.add(); rc = h1.equals(hash: 'h2', result: eq); put eq=; k = 100; h2.replace(); rc = h1.equals(hash: 'h2', result: eq); put eq=; run;


Kent County Median Household Income
Kent County
Change Location...
Household income in Kent County—not to be confused with an individual's income—is defined by the Census Bureau as the sum of income generated by all the people over 15 years old who occupy a housing unit, such as a house or an apartment. A family is a type of household. A person living alone in a housing unit is also a household. In addition, households may be composed of unrelated people living together, like partners or roommates.
Every year, the Census Bureau contacts over 3.5 million households across the country to participate in the American Community Survey (ACS). For locations with populations under 60,000, the ACS is only available in 5-year estimates, rather than single-year periods. The 5-year estimates provide greater geographical granularity but a less granular time period.
How does median household income of Kent County compare to Delaware and the United States?
How does household income vary within Kent County, Delaware?
Note: Hover over each census tract in Kent County to see its median income.
How does household income vary by household size in Kent County, Delaware?
How does household income vary by the householder's age in Kent County, Delaware?
A householder is a person in whose name a housing unit is owned, being bought, or rented.
How does household income relate to home ownership in Kent County, Delaware?
Tenure refers to whether a housing unit is owner-occupied or renter-occupied.
About the Data
- Median Household Income by Household Size: Table B19019
- Median Household Income by Age of Householder: Table B19049
- Household Income by Tenure: Table B25119


Wednesday, February 17, 2010
BIRT: BIRT Report Item Extensions Released by Innovent Solutions
As part of its commitment and involvement with the BIRT project Innovent Solutions, the company I work for, has created a project that offers a few graphical controls to illustrate BIRTs report item extension point. There are two extensions offered in these libraries. The first one is a Dot Bar. The Dot bar provides a quick visual representation of numeric values. This is useful for a quick, at a glance, representation, rather than overwhelm users with numbers everywhere in a report. The second is a Rotating Text graphic element, based off the original rotating text example illustrated in "Integrating and Extending BIRT". The rotating text is useful when you are trying to conserve space on a report.
These extension elements are available at
Installation instructions are provided on the above link, but we will cover this real quick. There are two components necessary to install these into the BIRT Report Designer. There is a, and a The UI component is necessary for the BIRT report designer to show these new elements in the palette. The other jar contains the necessary runtime libraries for BIRT to know how to use these elements in a report.
The easiest installation method is to use the update site. The update site is provided in the instructions.
Once installed, you will have the two new components available on the Palette.
So, lets say I want to demonstrate these. In the following example, I will create a simple report that will show the offices and employee count for the Classic Cars sample database. Assume I already have the above components installed, and I am using BIRT 2.5.1.
1. Create a new report called newComponentTest.rptDesign.
2. Create a new Data Source using the Classic Cars example database.
3. Create a new dataset from the following query:
(select count('1') from employees where officecode = CLASSICMODELS.OFFICES.OFFICECODE) officecount
4. Right-mouse click on the data set, and choose Insert in Layout.
The report will look like so:
5. Now, select the OfficeCount detail data component, and delete it.
6. Insert a DotBar in the OfficeCount detail cell.
7. In the DotBar dialog, use the following details:
8. Now, remove the OfficeCode column (1st column).
9. In the City Detail cell, remove the City data component.
10. Insert a Rotated Text component into the cell.
11. Use the following properties:
The final report will look something like this:
And when you run the report, it should look like so:
The source for these components are available to be extended as well from the above linked Google Code site.
Khruse said...
BIRT report designer I think it's really a very great tool for reporting. I just wanna to use this quickly. More...
Maurice said...
I have a question related to a talk you gave way back in 2008 at EclipseCon, about using BIRT with GWT. Do you happen to have slides or any reading material on this? I'd love to check it out for a project I'm involved in.
John Ward said...
Unfortunatly, I don't have anything except some basic UML diagrams we used to explain some high level design ideas.
I'd be happy to answer any questions you have though, as we have kind changed how we would implement this having gone through the process a few times now, and it would be different than what we did in 2008 :)
SaS said...
I also have been looking for your EclipseCom slides.
The UML would be interesting. Also, s there an example program built with your method?
I want to get field click events and turn them into links to other graphs.


text:
Over deze norm
1.1 This test method describes standardized procedures for the sensory evaluation of heat in oleoresin capsicums ranging from 100 000 to 1 000 000 Scoville heat units (S.H.U.).
1.2 This test method is intended as an alternative to the Scoville heat test, but results can be expressed in Scoville heat units (see ASTA Method 21.0 and ISO 3513).
1.3 This test method does not apply for ground red pepper, low heat chili peppers, or chili powder.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8.
|Nederlandse titel||Standard Test Method for Sensory Evaluation of Oleoresin Capsicum|
|Engelse titel||Standard Test Method for Sensory Evaluation of Oleoresin Capsicum|


text:
Unique pilot for future travel surveys
In the autumn of 2017, a unique pilot for future travel survey data collection methods is being conducted in Gothenburg. The pilot is running concurrently to a traditional travel survey. The aim of the pilot is to obtain a better understanding of how future travel surveys can be performed, by comparing different data collection methods that run in parallel.
Why travel surveys?
In order to plan for more sustainable transport systems, we need to understand how people use them. Today almost all decisions on transport investments and policy priorities are based on travel survey data, even though today's travel survey methods deliver data that is far from optimal.
Today most people use smartphones and have internet access 24 hours a day. This has the potential to give us much better information about how the transport system is used – which in the long run leads us to design a more efficient and human-centred system.
Demonstrating new innovative data collection methods
Traditional travel surveys ask respondents to complete details of their travel in paper-based questionnaires (and sometime by phone). The respondent should remember all trips made usually over a 24-hour period, how they travelled (bus, car, walk, etc) and the distance and time of each trip. This is a major weakness: the exact distances and times are hard for people to include in their responses, and shorter trips, as well as connecting trips (for example walking to a bus stop) are often forgotten. Completing such surveys can be a burden, and many who receive questionnaires do not complete them. Additionally, due to the high cost of performing these surveys, they are often only performed every 5 years or less frequently.
– "We are testing two new tools for data collection, an online questionnaire and a travel survey app called TRavelVU that helps to collect data", says Emeli Adell at Trivector.
The two new data collection methods will be compared with the traditional travel survey (paper-based) to improve our knowledge of data quality, comparability and representativeness.
Looking at different ways of recruiting respondents
– "But it's not just new tools we're testing," Emeli continues. We also want to understand how we can recruit respondents in a different way in the future. In the pilot, we are using three different recruitment methods for the online questionnaire and the travel survey app:
- random selection of postal addresses,
- web panel, and
– We will compare which groups are represented based on the different recruitment techniques as well as response types. We want to understand which sections of the population respond to different sections as a way to understand who is represented in the data, and how this should be considered when representing a representative picture of travel.
The pilot project is a joint effort between Transport Analysis, VTI (Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute) and Trivector. The project is co-financed by the Swedish Transport Administration. It is a part of a larger project called "New solutions for future travel surveys" led by Transport Analysis.


Mao's Last Dancers Analysis
627 Words3 Pages
Risk taking is an essential aspect of reaching one's desires and dreams, especially when it comes to crossing boundaries. These risks, physical or metaphorical, will require the individual to step out of their comfort zone and summon the courage to test the extend of their limits, in order to grow and embrace the changes during the process. While these risks are worthy one must accept the inevitability of losing a part of their identity. Examples of risk taking include; stepping into the unknown, searching for freedom, and breaking traditions. All of these decisions include the possibility of successes and failures as explored in both the texts Mao's last dancer and VillaWood Mums. Stepping into the unknown is an example of crossing boundaries that comes with a risk. The main risk of this decision is the fear and anxiety associated with what is lurking behind the shadows on an unknown path. The desire for achieving dreams sometimes, requires us to consider stumbling into the darkness of the unknown. Within Mao's Last Dancer, Li risks his own happiness by stepping into a path that was so new and unfamiliar. Despite the fact that Li didn't know what to expect and missing his family, stepping into the unknown had a positive outcome at the end. By taking this risk Li was able to grow and develop as an individual through embracing the changes and opportunities he…show more content…
With this risk comes the possibility of looking in the wrong places and being denied the freedom you seek. This risk is increased in circumstances when the choice is made by a corrupt political environment. The yearning for freedom occurs multiple times within the text Mao's Last Dancer, Li seeks freedom from the political restriction both physically and mentally. Li was restricted to ideas and beliefs he had since growing up, he was not allowed to have an identity of his own, under the restriction of Mao's Communist
Open Document


text:
Fables of the Amazon: Fun Lessons in Ecology
Natural history and ecology are fascinating and complex subjects. Fables of the Amazon make them a whole lot more fun.
Each of these 11 short stories is drawn from actual field observations made by the authors, and as such is scientifically accurate, often presenting little-known insight on the ecology and behaviour of its wildlife characters.
This comic is self-published, and was created in the early 2000s when my friend, mentor and field biologist colleague, Dr. Louise H. Emmons, suggested we collaborate on a completely different venture: a comic book of ecology. Drawing upon decades of field experience and her unique knowledge, Louise wrote most of the stories, and I did the artwork.
Click on the book below to view a sample!


I can t keep principal and principle clear Can you help
Principal as an adjective means first in importance. As a noun, principal means the head of a school.
Example: The principal reason that Nelson was chosen to be principal of our school was her dedication.
Principle is a noun meaning a fundamental truth or law upon which others are based, or a rule of conduct.
Example: The principal's principles were questioned by the parent group.


Industrial revolution
 - Eli Whitney
 Eli Whitney
 Eli Whitney was born on december 8th in westbro Massachusets and died on January 8th 1825.
 - invented to cotton gin
 invented to cotton gin
 What cause him to invent the cotton gin was to sell cotton faster and clen it faster. the invention impacted america by being able to clean sell and produce cotton.
 - Cotton gin today
 Cotton gin today
 today to cotton gin is not used by people now its a machine and still does the same thing, and probally less dangerous.


IBM Rational Change: Highlight on the ListBox "Any" default value
Technote (troubleshooting)
Every ListBox created (or already present by default) in the IBM Rational Change's "ListBox Manager" is supposed to have a default value, commonly called "Any".
This document gives better understanding on the impact of modifying this default value, and gives general guidelines on how to fix your database if this value is missing or inconsistent.
The following situations are clarified below:
 - If your Listboxes don't display the value "Any"
 - If you have changed your default value but still see "Any" in your Listboxes
 - If you see both values ("Any" and your new default value)
 - If some of your Listboxes show one of the symptoms above, and some other ListBoxes inconsistently how another one of the symptoms above.
Every value present in a ListBox is read from the file "pt_listbox.cfg", which doesn't get modified if you edit the file "pt.cfg" that contains the default value "Any".
Therefore, your ListBoxes might not necessarily reflect the changes you made to your default value.
Resolving the problem
Please note that the information present in this Technote is not meant to help you customize IBM Rational Change.
This is only a general highlight on Change's default value, meant at helping you fix your ListBoxes (and the underlying database attributes) if you mistakenly damaged them.
This information has been tested with IBM Rational Change patch 07, but most likely applies to the whole 5.x generation.
1. What is the default value?
The "default" value may also be called the "undefined" value.
It is the value that will be displayed and selected in an IBM Rational Change ListBox if the corresponding attribute was actually not given any of the "real" values also present in the ListBox.
2. The default value is mandatory
By default, Rational Change offers the default value "Any". You should see that value in every single ListBox.
When you use Change's ListBox Manager (as an administrator), Change doesn't allow you:
- to remove it
- to duplicate it
3. How does Change identify the default value?
 3.1. When you are in the ListBox Manager
 Change compares the ListBox entry that you are trying to modify with the default value defined in the file "pt.cfg" (as follows):
 If you change that value in the file, and then reload Change's configuration (admin interface --> "General" --> "Load"), then you will witness that Change immediately prevents you from tempering with that new default value in the ListBox Manager.
 You will also witness that you are now free to temper with the now-obsolete default value (e.g. "Any"), as it now has no particular meaning.
 CAUTION: You might witness a few glitches while you use the ListBox manager, during the transition (as you are not supposed to act this way):
 For example, you might witness that all entries of that ListBox get actually deleted when you save them, until Change finds again that your ListBox contains consistent values, especially the default value. Therefore, act carefully if you find yourself in the situation described above.
 3.2. When you are in Change (user interface)
 We assume the admin has reloaded Change's configuration (admin interface --> "General" --> "Load").
 Then Change will display in each ListBox the values it has read from pt_listbox.cfg (which defines every ListBox). (Exception: Dependent listboxes are generated "on the fly", therefore you might immediately observe any change made in either pt_listbox.cfg or pt.cfg).
 The default value is considered to be the very first entry of the ListBox, whatever it may be (that is, the entry with id 0).
 That is because:
 - As explained earlier, a default value is always expected to be present in each ListBox.
 - On an HTTP form, a "listbox" is always set to one of the values it contains. It can't be set to "blank".
 3.3. In the underlying Synergy/Informix database
 For optimisation reasons, Change simply does not save an attribute that has an undefined (that is, "default") value. If you run queries on a CR, you will see that it does not contain any of the undefined attributes.
 Symmetrically, an attribute that is expected in a CR but is found not to exist in the database, will be considered by Change as "undefined", and will therefore be rendered with the "default" value.
 Note: You might still witness such output in your event.log file, but it's only to make the information more readable. If the attribute is undefined, then it does not exist in the database.
4. What inconsistencies should I be prepared to observe?
 4.1. An attribute I know as being set to "default" ("Any") still appears to be set to an actual value
 This is a direct consequence of 3.2.
 Ask yourself: "Is it the first ListBox entry?" - "Where has my expected default value, that should be the first entry, gone?").
 In reality, the attribute actually has no value (i.e. it has the default value), even though the very first ListBox entry seems to be selected.
 4.2. Some of my ListBoxes show one default value (e.g. "Any"), and some others show a different default value (e.g. "MyDefaultValue")
 See 3.2. for an explanation. Are some of them dependent ListBoxes?
 See 4.3 for a solution.
 4.3. I have changed my default value in pt.cfg, but not all my ListBoxes offer to select it
 That's because the ListBoxes entries are read from "pt_listbox.cfg", which is not necessarily re-generated after you modify "pt.cfg".
 You need to force Change to re-generate pt_listbox.cfg, so that every ListBox it contains has a default value matching the one from pt.cfg. Until that becomes true, you will find yourself in a dangerous state of inconsistency (see caution from 3.1).
 In order to do so, you can :
 a. Manually modify/add/remove some entries in the ListBox manager, as described in 3.1, until you end up with the entries you wish to see AND the new default value (re-read from pt.cfg by Change as you save your ListBox).
 As explained in 3.1, you might lose all your ListBox entries at some stage. But provided you remember what they should be, and provided you need change only a few ListBoxes, then this is a rather user-friendly fix.
 b. Edit pt_listbox.cfg and update the first entry of each ListBox to match the default value from pt.cfg.
 This is the cleanest and safest solution.
 4.4. The attributes in the Printer Friendly View don't have the same values as in the CR I'm viewing.
 This is a variation of 4.1.
 The Printer Friendly view is right.
 However the form you're currently watching displays flawed information, for the reason explained in 4.1.
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IChemE at 100: celebrating a century of achievements, a future of success
4th January 2022
2022 marks the centenary of the Institution of Chemical Engineers (IChemE) with this monumental milestone providing a timely opportunity to celebrate the profession, the achievements of chemical engineers over the last 100 years, and a future of success.
From the Institution's inaugural meeting held at the Hotel Cecil in London on 2 May 1922 to the vibrant membership body of over 30,000 members across the globe today, IChemE has been advancing chemical engineering's contribution for 100 years.
A programme of activities throughout the year will honour the work of chemical engineers, past and present, and will present the innovations being developed to meet the many challenges of the future. This evolution of the chemical engineering profession is why the commemorations have been titled 'ChemEng Evolution'.
To explore the impact that chemical engineering has on modern lives, each month a different theme will be examined. The themes have been selected to highlight and celebrate the enormous contribution that chemical engineering has made to society over the last century.
The programme of activities will include; monthly themed webinar panel discussions with industry and research leaders guiding discussions on the future of the profession and its role in society; a blog series with members discovering areas to celebrate, communicate and inspire from each theme; as well as a series of feature articles in The Chemical Engineer magazine.
A dedicated centenary website hosts a vast collection of articles written by members on topics that range from "COVID-19, an impact on the whole world" to "Message in a plastic bottle – the search for sustainability". Also included on the website are details of the chemical engineers who inspired IChemE's Past Presidents. These range from Margaret Hutchinson Rousseau as nominated by Past President Julia Higgins to Trevor Keltz as nominated by Past President Ken Rivers.
IChemE President, Jane Cutler, said:
"As the 80th President of IChemE, I am delighted to be leading our historic Institution at this important landmark. The world we live in may have changed significantly since the inaugural meeting in 1922, but one thing has remained constant and that is the commitment of chemical engineers to serve our society.
"I encourage you all to participate in the programme of activities to celebrate our profession. The webinar panel discussions will provide a wonderful forum for debate and conversation, and everyone is invited to participate.
"The centenary is the perfect time to acknowledge the contributions of the many people who have been part of IChemE's 100-year history and who paved the way to make our institution what it is today. I would like to thank our incredible members, volunteers and staff who work together to achieve our aims."
To find out more about IChemE's centenary and the activities planned throughout the year, visit the centenary website: _URL_.
Video: IChemE President Jane Cutler introduces 'ChemEng Evolution: a century of achievements, a future of success'
For more information please contact:
Lucy Cook, Communications Manager, IChemE
t: +44 (0) 1788 534454
Rachael Fraser, Communications Executive, IChemE
t: +44 (0) 1788 534435
What is chemical engineering?
Chemical, biochemical and process engineering is the application of science, maths and economics in the process of turning raw materials into everyday, and more specialist, products. Professional chemical engineers design, construct and manage process operations all over the world. Oil and gas, pharmaceuticals, food and drink, synthetic fibres and clean drinking water are just some of the products where chemical engineering plays a central role.
The Institution of Chemical Engineers (IChemE) advances chemical engineering's contribution worldwide for the benefit of society. We support the development of chemical engineering professionals and provide connections to a powerful network of over 30,000 members in more than 100 countries.
We support our members in applying their expertise and experience to make an influential contribution to solving major global challenges, and are the only organisation permitted to award Chartered Chemical Engineer status and Professional Process Safety Engineer registration.


Book: Images of Dutchness
Why do early films present the Netherlands as a country full of canals and windmills, where people wear traditional costumes and wooden shoes, while industries and modern urban life are all but absent? In Images of Dutchness Sarah Dellmann investigates the roots of this visual repertoire from diverse sources, ranging from magazines to tourist brochures, from anthropological treatises to advertising trade cards, stereoscopic photographs, picture postcards, magic lantern slide sets and films of early cinema. Through the combined analysis of words and images, the author identifies not only what has been considered "typically Dutch" in the long nineteenth century, but also provides new insights into the logic and emergence of national clichés in the Western world.
Sarah Dellmann worked as researcher and lecturer at Utrecht University, University of Groningen and Amsterdam University College, the Netherlands. For a preview of the book, click here.


Paper £10 notes will go out of circulation at midnight today, Thursday, March 1.
This means you will no longer be able to spend them in stores, or receive them as change from retailers.
The paper tenner featuring Charles Darwin was issued on November 7, 2000, and has been in co-circulation along with the polymer £10 note since September last year.
Find out what you can do if you cannot spend or bank your notes in time.
What happens if I don't spend or bank my paper tenners before midnight?
You can still cash your notes at the bank before midnight, and some will accept them for an extended period after the date has passed.
However, check with your bank if they will extend the deadline, the dates will differ.
You can exchange notes which have been withdrawn from circulation, in person or by post, to the Bank of England, see more information here.
If you are exchanging large amounts, you may be asked to provide identification, such as a passport or driving licence.
Why was the paper note replaced?
The polymer tenner entered circulation on September, 14 2017. It features Jane Austen on it, and came one year after the polymer £5 note was released.
Production of the note began in August last year, and in three years time it will be followed by a new polymer £20 note which will feature the British painter JMW Turner.
The Bank of England printed 10 billion of the polymer tenners. The material is a thin, flexible plastic which is environmentally friendly, in comparison to paper, due to its durability.
Polymer notes are believed to have a lower carbon footprint than paper ones, according to The Carbon Trust.
The carbon footprint of a £10 polymer banknote is 8 per cent lower than a £10 paper one.
What are the design features of the polymer £10 note?
Denomination numeral
The large number 10 and £ symbol in the top-left hand corner of the front of the note help you easily see its value. There is also a slightly smaller number 10 in the top-right corner.
For the partially sighted, it has a densely coloured orange diamond on the front.
Unique numbering
A unique serial number is printed horizontally and vertically on the back of the note. The horizontal numbers is in the bottom right corner. It is made up of multi-coloured letters and numbers, which increase in height from left to right. The vertical number runs down the left-hand side and the numbers and letters are the same height and colour.
Copyright symbol
The international copyright symbol is included on the front and the back of the £10 note, around the edge of the watermark area.


text:
Country two-step dancing is a popular style of dance that is performed to country western music. Dance studios that offer country western dance lessons in San Jose may teach one of the many different styles of country western dance, but they will all incorporate the traditional or basic two-step dance move.
Country western dance is performed in pairs that consist of a leader and a follower. The traditional two-step dance move is three parts: a quick step, a quick step, and a slow step. The leader steps forward with his left foot, while the follower steps backwards with her right foot. Traditional two-step developed in Europe and Mexico in the 1800s.
Texas two-step, another popular style of country two-step that is often taught in country western dance lessons, consists of a four-part two-step: a quick step, a quick step, a slow step, and a slow step. Texas two-step developed in 1983 and was inspired by the Foxtrot. The two-step style taught in your country western dance lessons may depend upon the region of the country in which your dance studio is located.


text:
Computer Program Detail Page
written by Drew Onken
The Solar Photon Random Walk Model simulates the path of photons in radiative transport as they escape from the Sun. Photons do not travel in a straight line, but rather collide with larger particles and get redirected. This simulation models that process using a random walk in polar coordinates. The random walk parameters are adjustable to match different models of the structure of the sun, or the user can input their own values.
The Solar Photon Random Walk Model was created using the Easy Java Simulations (EJS) modeling tool. It is distributed as a ready-to-run (compiled) Java archive. Double clicking the ejs_comp_phys_photon_random_walk.jar file will run the program if Java is installed.
Please note that this resource requires at least version 1.5 of Java (JRE).
View the supplemental documents attached to this resource (2)
This model adds the feature of running numerous photons and compiling average statistics for these photons.
download 1133kb.jar
Published: July 26, 2011
View the source code document attached to this resource
ComPADRE is beta testing Citation Styles!
Disclaimer: ComPADRE offers citation styles as a guide only. We cannot offer interpretations about citations as this is an automated procedure. Please refer to the style manuals in the Citation Source Information area for clarifications.
Citation Source Information
The APA Style presented is based on information from APA Style.org: Electronic References.
The Chicago Style presented is based on information from Examples of Chicago-Style Documentation.
The MLA Style presented is based on information from the MLA FAQ.
Solar Photon Random Walk:
Is Based On Easy Java Simulations Modeling and Authoring Tool
The Easy Java Simulations Modeling and Authoring Tool is needed to explore the computational model used in the Solar Photon Random Walk.relation by Mario Belloni
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In our paper we demonstrate the first quantum detector tomography of a commercial 2x2 array of superconducting nanowire single photon detectors. We are able to extract detector-specific figures of merit including efficiency, dark-count and cross-talk probabilities form merely four elements of the reconstructed positive operator valued measure (POVM) of the device and without recourse to the underlying detector physics. The extracted figures of merit show excellent agreement with independent measurements of these quantities. Finally, we provide an intuitive operational definition for cross-talk probability and we show that parameters required for the reconstruction must be carefully chosen to avoid oversmoothing the data.
The paper is available at:
Timon Schapeler, Jan Philipp Höpker, and Tim J. Bartley, "Quantum detector tomography of a 2×2 multi-pixel array of superconducting nanowire single photon detectors," Opt. Express 28, 33035-33043 (2020)


TxStyle · Textile Documentation
The Textile Markup Reference for Textpattern
Paragraphs are separated by a blank line.
Input (editable)
More about: Paragraphs
1) Above example's output is identical to explicitly identifying a paragraph with p.
p. A paragraph.
p. And a paragraph with
a line break.
2) Paragraphs are separated by blank lines. Each paragraph of text is transformed into a XHTML ... paragraph block. Line breaks within paragraphs are transformed into XHTML line breaks as is also shown in the example box above.
A paragraph with
a line break.
3) But a line beginning with a space will be left untouched, and not wrapped in ... tags:
This is a normal paragraph.
With a continuation line.
 But no paragraph tags here.
4) Paragraphs can be aligned left, right, centered, or justified:
p<. Aligned left paragraph (default).
p>. Aligned right paragraph.
p=. Centered paragraph.
p<>. Justified paragraph.
5) Indentation can be specified by one or more parentheses for every 1em to the right or left.
p(. Left indent 1em.
p((. Left indent 2em.
p(((. Left indent 3em.
Paste code into the box above.
Further reading: Paragraphs
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text:
Just in from our Cool Plant Research desk: A team of scientists at the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center are working on a way to harvest dandelions as a source for natural rubber.
The Russian dandelions, a cousin of the hated yellow flowers seen in lawns across America, look similar, but contain extra-bouncy insides that scientists can use as a supplement to traditional sources of rubber.
The Russian species — known scientifically as Taraxacum kok-saghyz, or TKS – have long, thick roots that have the right mix of rubber polymers, proteins and fatty acids in them that contain a natural latex. Break open a TKS root, roll the sticky, milky white cream that oozes out around in your palm, let it dry and it will bounce like a ball.
You can read more about the science and techniques of extracting raw materials from these plants here.


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Research and Policy Support Services, Creative Ireland Programme
The Department of Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media invites tenders for the provision of research and policy support services to the Creative Ireland Programme
The successful tenderer must demonstrate research and policy development experience across the public sector and have competence to deal with key stakeholders at the highest level. This includes government departments, local authorities, state agencies and bodies, national cultural institutions, etc.
The successful tenderer will be expected to have a good knowledge of the Creative Ireland Programme (CIP) as well as the broader strategic aims of the Department and the Programme for Government.
It should be noted that the following functions represent the nature of activities to be undertaken as part of the contract but are not an exhaustive list of requirements:
1. Provide assistance and support to the Director of the Creative Ireland Programme in respect of policy research and strategic development;
2. Support the Creative Ireland Programme Office in the development of specialist knowledge and expertise as required to underpin continuing work and particularly in relation to the following priorities:
– with the creative industries, particularly design-based, digital creative and content creation sub-sectors, in conjunction with other departments and agencies as required,
– on engaging the public on climate change through the cultural and creative sectors as required by the Programme for Government,
– to mainstream creative programming to deliver national health and wellbeing policies and strategies, and
– in relation to other relevant policies or strategies which may arise during the course of the contract that are related to the ambition for the CIP
3. Contribute to the periodic review of the CIP as required
4. Develop guidance and advice for stakeholders as, and if, required
5. Management oversight including quality control as well as provision of regular updates and programme support (i.e., briefing, memos, speeches, etc.) as required
6. Any other services which may arise during the course of the contract that are related to the strategic delivery of the CIP
See link below for further details.


Correlated Subqueries with Comparison Operators
If you haven't used a sub query yet, I'm surprised. They can be incredibly useful. They can also be a crutch…but like I say time and again, each tool has it's use. I'd like to go into a little detail on sub queries today by talking about correlated sub queries.
Let's say you wanted to find the product IDs and order quantities where the order quantities are less than the average order quantity for that product ID. This is something that would be fairly easy with a sub query.
USE AdventureWorks2008
SELECT ProductID, OrderQty
FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail s1
WHERE s1.OrderQty <
 SELECT AVG(s2.orderQTY)
 FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail s2
 WHERE s2.ProductID = s1.ProductID)
--you could also use a JOIN for the same effect
SELECT s1.ProductID, s1.OrderQty
FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail s1
 SELECT s2.productID,AVG(s2.OrderQty) avgQTY
 FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail s2
 ON s1.ProductID = avgQty.ProductID
 AND s1.orderQty < avgQty.avgQTY
The outer query selects the rows of SalesOrderDetail (that is, of s1) one by one. The sub query calculates the average quantity for each sale being considered for selection in the outer query. For each possible value of s1, SQL Server evaluates the sub query and puts the record being considered in the results if the quantity is less than the calculated average.
I find the sub queries are usually used as a first attempt to get the answer you're looking for. Many times, I move on to a JOIN, or on to a summary table to get the data. But, if you don't learn this technique first, then you won't be able to move on to those more advanced tools.
Let me know if you have any questions about sub queries, correlated or otherwise. I'm here to teach you everything you need to know about Microsoft SQL!
By Shannon Lowder
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Changing the Cube Date Format
The projects that are available for download from the CubeStore have a default date format set in the cubes of "MM/DD/YY". This can be easily changed in the project to accommodate various regional preferences.
To alter the default date format, change the Date table in the staging database. The table will have a clock icon next to it and it is possible that this table is in the data warehouse depending on the version of the project that was downloaded from the CubeStore.
 1. Expand the Date table found in the staging database in the Jet Data Manager and identify the DisplayDate field.
 2. Right-click on the "Custom value" and select Edit Custom Transformation. The Custom Transformation window will appear.
 The number value "1" is part of the SQL "CONVERT" function and represents the "MM/DD/YY" format. The "1" should be replaced with the appropriate number that represents the desired format. A list of formats can be viewed under the Remarks section at the following link: Cast and Convert. In this example we will use the British/French standard which is represented by the number "3".
 3. Click Ok and then deploy and execute the Date table in the data warehouse.
 4. Click on the Cubes tab in the Jet Data Manager and deploy and execute the OLAP Servers node at the top of the Cubes tab.
 The default date format was originally set to "MM/DD/YY" which would display as the following in Excel:
 5. Once the change has been implemented, deployed and executed in the Date table in the staging database, data warehouse and cubes, viewers will see dates with the designated date format in Excel. In this example: "DD/MM/YY".
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plough into
Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to: navigation, search
See also: plow into
plough into (third-person singular simple present ploughs into, present participle ploughing into, simple past and past participle ploughed into)
 1. To crash into something.
 The lorry ploughed into the line of stationary cars.
 2. To engage in some activity with vigor
 - 2011, The Economist, Samsung: The next big bet
 In a bid to escape the vagaries of consumer electronics, Samsung may be ploughing headlong into the areas most ripe for invasion by a new breed of emerging-market titans.
 3. (transitive) To invest a resource (money, material, energy) into something
 - 2012, The Economist, Marketing start-ups: Geeks aren't known for their social skills
 Young start-ups usually have had two financing options: hands-off venture capitalists that are willing to plough money into a company without rolling up their sleeves, or business incubators that are short on funds but wealthy in enthusiasm and knowledge.


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Adding an existing item with the New Project Wizard
Using the Existing Item project item, you can browse to an existing control and copy it into your project.
Adding an existing item
 1. In the Add Project Items page, in the Existing Item row, click the Add button.
 2. In your project folder, browse for the existing item that you want to copy and select the item.
 3. In the New name field, you can edit the item's name, if the name is already used in the project.
 4. Optional: To generate a new unique ID for the item, select the Generate new ID check box. Each project item has an ID assigned when it is first created. This ID must be unique within the solution. The wizard prevents you from adding an item if its ID is not unique.
For more information, see Using the New Project Wizard.
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text:
ISO 22837:2009-Vehicle probe data for wide area communications
This International Standard specifies the following.
Reference architecture for probe vehicle systems and probe data. This reference architecture provides a general structure for probe vehicle systems within which a wide range of actual probe vehicle systems can be built whose physical characteristics may differ (e.g., in their choice of communications medium).
The reference architecture is used to:
- clarify the major building blocks and logical interconnections of probe vehicle systems for which this standard will be used;
- categorize probe data in accordance with the information model described below.
Basic data framework for probe data elements and probe data. This framework specifies how to define probe data elements and probe messages. Specifically it provides the following. - Rules for mapping information models (as defined in ISO 14817) of probe data to probe data elements/messages. The information models show the logical structure of entities and concepts involved in probe data.
To completely define probe processing, the standardization of probe data elements and probe messages is not sufficient. Standards are also required for processed probe data (the output of probe processing) and downlink elements and messages (to convey these results to vehicles and other users). This International Standard prescribes an initial set of probe data elements that are important for transmission from vehicles to land-side processing centres. The standardization of other probe data issues will be addressed in future work.
Publication date: January 2009


text:
A bullock cart or ox cart is a two-wheeled or four-wheeled vehicle pulled by oxen (draught cattle). It is a means of transportation used since ancient times in many parts of the world. They are still used today where modern vehicles are too expensive or the infrastructure does not favor them.
Used especially for carrying goods, the bullock cart is pulled by one or several oxen (bullocks). The cart (also known as a jinker) is attached to a bullock team by a special chain attached to yokes, but a rope may also be used for one or two animals. The driver and any other passengers sit on the front of the cart, while load is placed in the back. Traditionally the cargo was usually agrarian goods and lumber.
Costa Rica
In Costa Rica, ox carts (carretas in the Spanish language) were an important aspect of the daily life and commerce, especially between 1850 to 1935, developing a unique construction and decoration tradition that is still being developed. Costa Rican parades and traditional celebrations are not complete without a traditional ox cart parade.
In 1988, the traditional ox cart was declared as National Symbol of Work by the Costa Rican government.
In 2005, the "Oxherding and Oxcart Traditions in Costa Rica" were included in UNESCO's Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
In Indonesia, Bullock Carts are commonly used in the rural parts of the country, where it is used for transporting goods and carriages and also people. But it is mostly common in Indonesia that there are Horse Car than Bullock Carts on the streets of Indonesia.
Bullock carts were widely used in Malaysia before the introduction of automobiles, and many are still used today. These included passenger vehicles, now used especially for tourists. Passenger carts are usually equipped with awnings for protection against sun and rain, and are often gaily decorated.
See also
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Ox-drawn carts|


text:
Cultural humility and radical hospitality are core principles that inform both the ministry and service of spiritual direction and the recovery journey. As spiritual directors, we walk alongside those who may be wrestling with the challenges of addiction. How can we best serve with an open heart as vessels of transformation and healing?
In this webinar, we will explore specific practices, tools, and resources for spiritual directors companioning people with addiction and their loved ones, such as prayer, meditation, ritual, and embodied practice. Spiritual direction with people in recovery also includes commitment to social justice issues that directly affect addiction and codependency. Come and explore resources from a variety of faiths and cultural traditions utilizing specific case examples.
Presenter: Karen Lee Erlichman, DMin, LCSW
SDI Webinar: The Recovery Journey: Resources and Practices for Spiritual Directors includes:
- Access to online recording of webinar
- PDF participant workbook


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It's long time ago that I took the calculus class, so I dare to ask. If $X\sim N(0,1)$, what is $\mathbb{E}(1/X)$? $$\mathbb{E}(1/X) = \int_{-\infty}^\infty \frac1x \cdot \frac1{\sqrt{2\pi}} \exp\left(-\frac{x^2}2\right) dx.$$ Can I just claim $\mathbb{E}(1/X) = 0$ as $\frac1x \exp\left(-\frac{x^2}{2}\right)$ is an odd function even when it is not bounded?
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Isn't it an odd function? – Thomas Andrews Dec 10 '11 at 20:18
The integral does not exist. There is no good reason to take existence in the PV sense as relevant. – André Nicolas Dec 10 '11 at 20:38
The is rather similar to asking for the expected value of the Cauchy distribution, which also gives 0 if we adopt the Cauchy PV; but that is not consider relevant/appropiate. In particular, if we use the Lebesgue integral (the sane thing to do in probability) it's clear that the integral does not exist. – leonbloy Dec 10 '11 at 21:27
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1 Answer
You could speak of a Cauchy principal value. It's an integral whose positive and negative parts are both infinite, so the expected value does not exist.
$$ \int_0^\infty \frac1x e^{-x^2/2}\;dx \ge \int_0^1 \frac1x e^{-1}\;dx = \infty, $$ and similarly $$ \int_{-\infty}^0 \frac1x e^{-x^2/2}\;dx = -\infty. $$
The Cauchy principal value is $0$ because it's an odd function, i.e. $$ \lim_{a\to0+}\left(\int_{-\infty}^{-a}+\int_a^\infty\right) \frac1x e^{-x^2/2} \; dx = 0. $$
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Maybe I should add that limit theorems like laws of large numbers require actual integrals to exist; Cauchy principal values aren't good enough for those. – Michael Hardy Dec 11 '11 at 3:07
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