Take the 2-minute tour ×
I wrote a code:
let rec compareVs v1 v2 =
 if List.length v1 == 0 then
 ((match v1 with [] -> 0. | h::l -> h) == (match v2 with [] -> 0. | h::l -> h)) &&
 (compareVs(match v1 with [] -> [] | h::l -> l) (match v2 with [] -> [] | h::l -> l))
And ran it:
# compareVs [0.1;0.1] [0.1;0.1];;
- : bool = false
Can't seem to find the problem. Please help.
The problem seams to be with float comparisons:
# 0.1 == 0.1;;
- : bool = false
# 1.0 == 1.0;;
- : bool = false
How else can we compare floats in ocaml?
share|improve this question
add comment
2 Answers
up vote 8 down vote accepted
Use =, not ==.
Floats are reference types in ocaml and == checks reference equality. So 0.1 == 0.1 is false.
Generally, you almost always want to use =, not == to compare two values.
Note that aside from that, your function will return true for two lists of different size. Assuming that's not intended you should only return true when both lists are empty and false when one of them is empty and the other is not.
As a style note, using List.length to check whether a list is empty is usually a bad idea (for one thing it's O(n) even though it can be done in O(1) with pattern matching). Using pattern matching right at the beginning will also clean your code up a bit.
Like this:
let rec compareVs v1 v2 = match v1, v2 with
| [], [] -> true
| [], _
| _, [] -> false
| x::xs, y::ys -> x = y && compareVs xs ys
Oh and if this isn't just an exercise, note that you can just do v1 = v2 and don't actually need to write a function for this.
share|improve this answer
I didn't know we could use, with match. Could you suggest any site where I can find all kinds of usages or examples of match or pattern-matching in general with OCAML? – lalli Oct 22 '10 at 15:32
_USER_: v1, v2 is a tuple and you can pattern match on tuples like on any other object. Also see this page for information about pattern matching. – sepp2k Oct 22 '10 at 15:36
add comment
Sepp2k is correct, but as an additional discussion about comparing floats (which is often dangerous), the following functions have helped me:
This compares two floats with tolerance of epsilon and the syntax would be similar to other float functions. clearly extending >. and others is obvious.
let epsilon = 1.0e-10
let (=.) a b = (abs_float (a-.b)) < epsilon
If you are dealing with many extreme values of floats, you should look at the classify_float function in the pervasives module. I don't recall off the top of my head how NAN values are compared in the = function. You can independently experiment with this if you need to.
I had used this for awhile, but its tolerance was actually way to low for my usage (as in, a very small value for epsilon as above). This does not take into account what, NAN - NAN does. So, this might not be useful.
 let (=.) a b = match classify_float ( a -. b ) with
 | FP_infinite | FP_nan | FP_normal -> false
 | FP_subnormal | FP_zero -> true
share|improve this answer
good point, I forgot how I ran into trouble in c++ and java when comparing floats. – lalli Oct 22 '10 at 15:34
add comment
Your Answer


text:
Friday, January 13, 2012
Posted by D. Daniel Sokol
Gaurab Aryal (The Australian National University) and Maria F. Gabrielli (CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo) are Testing for Collusion in Asymmetric First-Price Auctions.
ABSTRACT: This paper proposes fully nonparametric tests to detect possible collusion in first-price procurement (auctions). The aim of the tests is to detect possible collusion before knowing whether or not bidders are colluding. Thus we do not rely on data on anti-competitive hearing, and in that sense is 'ex-ante'. We propose a two steps (model selection) procedure: First, we use a reduced form test of independence and symmetry to shortlist bidders whose bidding behavior is at-odds with competitive bidding, and Second, the recovered (latent) cost for these bidders must be higher under collusion than under competition, because collusion dwarfs competition, hence detecting collusion boils down to testing if the estimated cost distribution under collusion first order stochastically dominates that under competition. We propose rank based and Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) tests. We implement the tests for Highway Procurement data in California and conclude that there is no evidence of collusion even though the reduced form test supports collusion.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
To adjust the string height of the biscuit bridge, remove material from the top of the bridge saddle or insert. File the string notches, making sure they're not too deep. Typically, half of a wound string's diameter lies in it's slot, while the plain string's slots are the same depth as each string's diameter. On slide guitars, the tops of the strings should all be the same height above the fretboard, so the bar will move smoothly across the strings.
Before you attach the biscuit to the cone, be sure the cone is seated correctly in the soundwell, and that the soundwell is clean and level. The area of the cone that contacts the underside of the biscuit must be flat. Place a piece of 180-grit sandpaper on a flat surface and level the bottom of the biscuit. Once you have trued the cone, biscuit seat, and biscuit, attach the biscuit to the cone using the small wood screw. Some builders, attach the biscuit to the cone with a thin bead of glue. Elmer's white-glue works very well.


text:
Seminole County, Georgia
From Ancestry.com Wiki
|This article is a stub. Help us to expand it by contributing your knowledge. For county page guidelines, visit U.S. County Page Content Suggestions.|
Seminole is a county in Georgia. It was formed in 1920 from the following county/ies: Decatur/Early. Seminole began keeping birth records in 1921, marriage records in 1921, and death records in 1921. It began keeping land records in 1921, probate records in 1921, and court records in 1921. For more information, contact the county at P.O. Box 458, Donalsonville 31745. On the attached map, Seminole is located at J2.
For information about the state of Georgia see Georgia Family History Research.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I'm working on a plot with translucent 'x' markers (20% alpha). How do I make the marker appear at 100% opacity in the legend?
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.plot_date( x = xaxis, y = yaxis, marker = 'x', color=[1, 0, 0,.2], label='Data Series' )
plt.legend(loc=3, mode="expand", numpoints=1, scatterpoints=1 )
share|improve this question
Really an interesting question, quite useful. Thanks! – Pablo Navarro Oct 12 '12 at 13:38
add comment
1 Answer
up vote 1 down vote accepted
If you want to have something specific in your legend, it's easier to define objects that you place in the legend with appropriate text. For example:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import pylab
line1 = pylab.Line2D(range(1),range(1),color='white',marker='x',markersize=10, markerfacecolor="red",alpha=1.0)
line2 = pylab.Line2D(range(10),range(10),marker="_",linewidth=3.0,color="dodgerblue",alpha=1.0)
plt.legend((line1,line2),('Text','Other Text'),numpoints=1,loc=1)
Here, line1 defines a short, white line (so essentially invisible) with the marker 'x' in red and full opacity. As an example, line2 gives you a longer blue line with no markers visible. By creating this "lines," you are able to more easily control their properties within the legend.
share|improve this answer
add comment
Your Answer


text:
A Coupled Harmonic Polynomial Cell and Higher-Order Spectral Method for Nonlinear Wave Propagation
MetadataShow full item record
The present work deals with wave generation in fully nonlinear numerical wave tanks (NWT). As an alternative to modelling a moving (physical) wavemaker, a two-dimensional (2D) potential-flow NWT is coupled with an external spectral wave data (SWD) application programming interface (API). The NWT uses the harmonic polynomial cell (HPC) method to solve the governing Laplace equations for the velocity potential and its time derivative, and has previously been extensively validated and verified for numerous nonlinear wave-propagation problems using traditional wave-generation mechanisms. Periodic waves of different steepness generated with a stream-function theory as reference solution in the SWD API are first considered to investigate the method's numerical accuracy. Thereafter, with a higher-order spectral method (HOSM) as the SWD API solution, irregular waves with different wave heights and water depths relevant for e.g. aquaculture and offshore structures are simulated. Differences between the HPC and HOSM solutions in and near steep crests are investigated. The study aims to demonstrate a robust method to generate and propagate general wave fields for further studies of nonlinear waves and wave-body interaction in both two and three dimensions.


text:
Study Reveals the Crazy Lengths We Go to Avoid Other People
While trying to avoid the forced socializing that sometimes comes when traveling with strangers might not seem like a difficult task, new research reveals that it actually takes a lot of work to be anti-social.
Yale University researcher Esther Kim spent three years riding coach across the great American roadways in order to observe the obsessive quirks and bizarre behavior of those people being transported across the country in the company of strangers.
"We live in a world of strangers, where life in public spaces feels increasingly anonymous," said Kim. "However, avoiding other people actually requires quite a lot of effort and this is especially true in confined spaces like public transport."
During her journey, Kim says she discovered that the greatest unspoken rule of bus travel is that if other seats are available you shouldn't sit next to someone else because most passengers claim it makes a person look weird.
However, it is when the bus starts filling up and more passengers are still getting on that things start to get interesting. Kim says that she found that most people will go out of their way to avoid others. Pretending to be busy, checking cell phones, looking past people or falling asleep are just some of the many ways people avoid fraternizing with the unknown.
- Avoiding eye contact with other people
- Leaning against the window and stretching out your legs
- Placing a large bag on the empty seat
- Sitting on the aisle seat and turning on your iPod so you can pretend you cannot hear people asking for the window seat.
- Placing several items on the spare seat so it is not worth the passenger's time waiting for you to move them.
- Looking out the window with a blank stare to look crazy
- Pretending to be asleep
- Putting your coat on the seat to make it appear already taken
- If all else fails, lying and saying the seat has been taken by someone else
While all of this sounds like such painstaking efforts just to keep from sitting next to a stranger, Kim says the good news is that race, class, gender and other background characteristics were of no concern to travelers — everyone just wants to avoid the "crazy person."


If the airflow section of your tank is out of alignment, it can throw up some connection issues causing the coil to fail to read on your battery or device. Often this related to the device being dropped or knocked, but it's normally a straightforward process to put right.
The tank should appear straight and in alignment when you look at it head on. If you notice a slant, or sizeable gaps between sections of the airflow as pictured below, it's very likely that this is what's causing the issue.
It's an easy fix though:
 - Take the airflow off of your tank
 - Take the coil out of the airflow
 - Place the airflow on a solid surface
 - Push down on the airflow with plenty of force (easier to do by placing a heavy book on top). It might 'pop' as it slots back into position
That should be enough to realign the airflow, allowing for a solid connection between the tank/coil and battery, and resolve the issue.


Gender: Female
Origin: Greek
Meaning: Amber
What is the meaning of the name Elektra?
The name Elektra is primarily a female name of Greek origin that means Amber.
Electra is a classic play (and title character) by Sophocles. Mourning Becomes Electra is a play cycle written by American playwright Eugene O'Neill. Carmen Electra is a famous model and actress.
Different Spellings of the name Elektra:
People who like the name Elektra also like:
Odessa, Ava, Aurora, Jasmine, Phaedra, Cora, Aria, Xander, Andreas, Ronan, Etienne, Kian, Sebastian, Evander
Names that sound like Elektra:
Stats for the Name Elektra
checkmark Elektra is currently not ranked on the Baby Names Popularity Charts
checkmark Elektra is currently not ranked in U.S. births
Listen to the Podcast


text:
Front Page Titles (by Subject) CHAPTER I.: COST AND CONSEQUENCES OF STRIKES. - The Tyranny of Socialism
The Online Library of Liberty
A project of Liberty Fund, Inc.
Search this Title:
Also in the Library:
CHAPTER I.: COST AND CONSEQUENCES OF STRIKES. - Yves Guyot, The Tyranny of Socialism
The Tyranny of Socialism, ed. J.H. Levy (London: Swan Sonnenschein and Co., 1894).
About Liberty Fund:
The text is in the public domain.
Fair use statement:
COST AND CONSEQUENCES OF STRIKES.
Strikes in France in 1890 and 1891—Cost of Strikes—Strikes in England in 1892—Statistics relating to Arbitration—Losses resulting from Strikes—Displacement of Trade—Trades Unions and Strikes—Mistrust.
According to the information given by the Labour Department, 313 strikes, involving 118,000 workmen, took place in France in 1890; and 267 strikes, involving 108,000 strikers, in 1891. The Departments which have had the most strikes are the Nord, with 61 in 1890, and 68 in 1891; the Loire, with 29 in 1890; the Ardennes, with 28 in 1890; and the Rhone, with 28 in 1890, and 20 in 1891. Only 52 Departments were affected by strikes in 1890, and 54 in 1891.
The results of these strikes were as follows:—
The 91 successful strikes affected 22,400 workmen; the 67 that were partially successful affected 54,200 workmen; those which miscarried affected 32,200 workmen.
The principal causes of these strikes were demands for increased wages, the shortening of the hours of work, and reduction of salaries effected by employers.
One third of the successful strikes lasted for less than one week. When a strike lasted more than a fortnight it seemed to be doomed to failure.
These figures give a very poor idea as to the importance of strikes. The sacrifices which they have cost, both to employers and to men, the value of the advantages gained, and also the pecuniary and mercantile consequences which may have resulted from them, are unknown.
At Anzin, in 1884, it is calculated that the strike cost the workmen 1,135,000 francs (£45,000), and the company 600,000 francs (£24,000), that is, 1,735,000 francs, without counting the damage caused by the stopping of the works.
In England, the total number of strikes and lockouts for the year 1891, was 893, affecting 295,000 persons, either voluntarily or otherwise; for the striking of certain workmen caused a stoppage of work to others. These strikes had an average duration of twenty-four days.
Most of them were caused by questions of wages. In 1890, there were 59 caused by the question of employment of non-unionists, and in 1891, 47. Fifty-one per cent. were checked; 36 per cent. proved successful; the result of the others is unknown. Four hundred and sixty-eight strikes out of 824, in which 120,579 people were implicated out of 263,507, were terminated by compromise, and only 12, affecting 12,100 workmen were settled by arbitration. It is useful to quote these figures in order to destroy the illusion so wide-spread in France, that it is enough to pronounce the word "arbitration" and to pass a law concerning arbitration, to put an end to all these disputes.
The losses to the workmen who were forced by the strikes to abstain from labour for four weeks, are calculated at £1,500,000.
The cost of the Hull strike in 1892, which lasted for eight weeks, is calculated at £9,000 for the town, and £60,004 in loss of wages.
Mr. Bevan, calculating the loss of wages as at 4s. 2d. per day, for five days a week, for 110 strikes in England, from 1870 to 1879, arrives at a figure of £4,468,000. The strike of the Clyde ship-builders cost 7,500,000 francs (£300,000) in 1877; that of the Durham miners in 1879, 6 millions of francs (£240,000).
The Labour Bureau, in the United States, reckoned that the strikes of 1881 to 1887 cost the workmen 260 millions of francs or 50 million dollars. These are only figures to some people; but the consequences to women, to children, and to the health of the workmen themselves, are terrible. Moreover, the position of the employers has been attacked and weakened; funds destined for improvements have disappeared, and the powers of production in an industry that has undergone a strike are restricted. Sometimes a strike suffices even to ruin a trade.
These examples have made Trades Unions prudent as to striking. In 1888, out of 104 Unions, only 39 subsidised strikes; and a certain number of Trades Unions have specified in their statutes, that the vote on this subject shall not be taken according to the majority, but according to a certain quorum. At the Brussels Congress of 1892, an English Delegate was indignant that the Engineers' Union (the strongest and wealthiest of all), had, in 1889, spent over £100,000 on sickness, funerals, retiring pensions, accidents, etc., as against about £1,800 on strikes and the costs of the struggles.
This powerful and wealthy association seems to mistrust the results of strikes.


text:
Has this Nitinol engine technology simply just been forgotten or has it been deliberately supressed by the oil companies?
This Nickel and Titanium alloy has the ability to'memorise' a shape. At a temperature of 500ºC you set the Nitinol into the required shape. While the metal is cooling to room temperature, the shape is 'trained' into the metal.
Once the'memory' is set you can change the shape of the metal. Then by raising its temperature to the metals 'transitional' level the Nitinol will abruptly and with a force of up to 55 tons/square inch return to the memorised shape. Different Nickel and Titanium percentages in the alloy produce different transitional temperatures including room temperature.
In the 1970s and 1980s toys and even spectacle frames were made of Nitinol but all that seems to have been forgotten.
A Nitinol engine made with a low temperature differential could easily use a heat source like, solar, geothermal, friction or waste heat etc.


text: A Tucson-based non-profit organization, Watershed Management Group (WMG), is pursuing the sustainable development of local resources with the long-term vision being an improved quality of life for the greater community. WMG has developed several public demonstration sites around Tucson through outreach workshops involving local businesses, community organizations, schools, homeowners, and many others. The demonstration sites showcase rainwater harvesting efforts integrated with native landscaping, local food production, energy conservation, waste reduction, and community building. Public response to participate in the workshops has been excitingly overwhelming; not only are homeowners and businesses interested in harvesting water, there is also a substantial number of Neighborhood Associations who are seeking avenues to implement water harvesting techniques. The substantial response from the community to participate in the demonstration sites indicates the need to provide more participatory educational opportunities to the community, and in particular to improve lowcost methods of urban resource conservation to ensure integration of these principals in lower income neighborhoods.


text:
iPhone Lightning Cable Can Hack Your Mac: How it works and how to protect yourself
A Lightning cable conducts around 12 watts of power, which is more than enough to charge your iPhone, iPad, or Mac.
It's also enough to charge a secret transmitter implanted into a fake Lightning cable by hackers.
Meet the O.MG cable, a hacking tool that looks like a usual iPhone charging cable to any unsuspecting victims. The cable is sold freely on the internet for $119.99 and there's no saying how many of them have been purchased by malicious individuals.
Read on to learn what cable hacking is and how to protect yourself from it.
Pro tip: To protect your Mac from hacking, use Clario. The app offers a powerful antivirus and 24/7 data breach monitoring, providing you with instant alerts about the hacking of your accounts and leaked data. Here's how to secure your Mac with Clario:
- Install Clario.
- Run a system scan for malware.
- Set up real-time protection.
Secure your data and privacy right now with Clario's free 7-day trial! No strings attached.
What is the O.MG Lightning cable?
The O.MG Lightning to USB-A cable is a hacking tool almost indistinguishable from the standard cable certified by Apple. Just like real cables, the Lightning-USB hacking device supports power and data transfer. However, unlike legit cables, it can be used for remote access to a victim's device.
In 2019, the O.MG cable was created by a security researcher operating under the alias MG. After presenting the cable at a hacker conference, DEFCON 2019, the researcher started mass manufacturing the cable. These days, multiple versions of the cable are sold online, including Lightning to USB-A and USB-C to USB-A.
In 2021, the security researcher developed the O.MG Keylogger cable. As the name suggests, the cable functions as a covert keylogger hacking instrument. By replacing a detachable keyboard's cable with the O.MG Keylogger, cybercriminals can collect a whopping 650,000 keystrokes to steal login details and other sensitive data.
How does the O.MG Lightning cable work?
The O.MG Lightning cable consists of two connectors and a set of wires covered by insulation, allowing it to operate as a legit cable. However, one of the cable's connectors conceals a memory chip and an 802.11 Wi-Fi transmitter. The transmitter is, essentially, no different from those in your iPhone and other Wi-Fi-enabled devices.
Once connected to an iPhone, iPad, or Mac, the Hak5 O.MG cable creates a Wi-Fi hotspot. This allows a hacker to remotely access the device and use it as if they were holding it in their hands. For example, the hacker can run Terminal commands on your Mac or rummage through photos on your iPhone. The cable used for the iPhone charger hack also packs geofencing features, allowing cybercriminals to trigger the delivery of a virus payload based on a victim's location.
The Keylogger version of the USB hacking cable can log keystrokes from the hacked device and send them to the hacker located up to a mile away.
How to protect yourself from a cable hacker?
You should take the following steps to ensure that a cable hacker cannot access your passwords or other sensitive data.
Carefully examine your cable
Cables certified by Apple come with the MFi badge on their packaging. The legit cables themselves bear a 12-digit serial number and the following text: Designed by Apple in California Assembled in Country.
Carefully examine your cable's connectors. If you spot an uneven metallic finish, rough edges or varying insulator width, then you are probably dealing with either a counterfeit cable or O.MG cable.
Check for signs of hacking
Look out for these signs of hacking on your Mac:
1. Sudden spikes in the network activity, which can be tracked via Activity Monitor
2. Check for suspicious users in System Preferences > Sharing
3. Hijacked email or social media accounts
4. Unsolicited software installs
5. Terminal opens randomly
6. Unexpected pop-ups requesting your login details
How to protect your Mac from cable hacking
An O.MG cable is designed to look almost indistinguishable from a real cable. Given how difficult it is to determine a hacking cable by just looking at it, make sure your Mac is protected with an anti-malware solution like Clario.
Clario is a lightweight app with a 24/7 data breach monitoring tool and a powerful antivirus to keep your Mac safe from malware whether it's delivered to your computer via O.MG cable or any other way.
Here's how to use Clario to protect your Mac:
1. Install a Clario free trial and create an account
2. Run a quick malware scan
3. Set up real-time protection
4. Activate Data breach monitor
5. Add emails you want to monitor for breaches
That's it, you're all set!
With hacking cables sold freely on the internet, you have to constantly be on the lookout for a data breach. Or you can simply protect your devices with reliable cybersecurity software and leave hackers empty-handed. Stay safe!


text:
The Horizontal Array is a system designed to measure in near real-time the displacements along the vertical direction. It can be used for example in the monitoring of differential settlements of a structure or a road embankment or embankment or can be installed on a bridge deck to monitor the arrow over time.
It consists of a sequence of IP69 nodes including a base for fixing, joined by a Kevlar cable and a four-pole signal cable. Each node contains a high-resolution MEMS 3D sensor and a thermometer.
The number of measurement sensors, the spacing and the length of the instrument can be defined according to the project requirements.
The Horizontal Array instrument can be managed by G802, G301 controllers or any other Datalogger compatible with the RS485 Modbus RTU protocol.
The Horizontal Array instrument is versatile and designed to be installed in different ways. For example, it can be buried under a structure or during the construction of an embankment to identify differential settlements at the desired height or it can be installed directly in contact with the monitored structure.
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
Knowing the distance between the nodes, the position in space of the sensors calculated using the data recorded by MEMS, through special algorithms it is possible to identify the relative position of the instrument in space and consequently the displacements of the slope.
- Easily installable
- Flexible and lightweight
- Resilient and suitable for long term monitoring
- Automatic alerting based on multi-level and multi-parameter thresholds or on the inverse velocity criterion


Skip to definition.
Noun: spirits spi-ruts
Usage: Brit
 1. An alcoholic beverage that is distilled rather than fermented
 - liquor, booze, hard drink, hard liquor, John Barleycorn, strong drink, spirit [Brit]
Noun: spirit spi-rit
 1. The vital principle or animating force within living things
 "a clergyman improved the spirit of the meeting";
 - tone, feel, feeling, flavor [US], flavour [Brit, Cdn], look, smell
 3. A fundamental emotional and activating principle determining one's character
 4. Any incorporeal supernatural being that can become visible (or audible) to human beings
 - disembodied spirit
 5. The state of a person's emotions (especially with regard to pleasure or dejection)
 "he was in good spirits"; "his spirit rose";
 - emotional state
 6. The intended meaning of a communication
 - intent, purport
 7. Animation and energy in action or expression
 - liveliness, life, sprightliness
 8. An inclination or tendency of a certain kind
 "he had a change of spirit";
 - heart
Verb: spirit spi-rit
 1. Infuse with spirit
 "The company spirited him up";
 - spirit up, inspirit
See also: lively
Type of: alcohol, alcoholic beverage, alcoholic drink, ambiance, ambience, animate, animation, atmosphere, brio, character, disposition, emotion, enliven, fiber [US], fibre [Brit, Cdn], import, inebriant, intoxicant, invigorate, invigoration, life principle, liven, liven up, meaning, significance, signification, spiritedness, spiritual being, supernatural being, temperament, vital principle, vivification
Encyclopedia: Spirits, Stars, and Spells
Spirit, WI


text:
Who said that school and business meetings have to be boring? Drawings are quick and easy ways to display information without the buttoned-up feel of graphs and tables. Here, we'll learn how to add and use Microsoft PowerPoint's dedicated Draw tab. You will also learn how to add your own drawings.
Studies over the years have proven that visual data aids in retention when delivering a message. For this reason, everyone from teachers to professional speakers tend to make use of images, drawings, or short videos to drive points home when giving a presentation. A drawing in PowerPoint is a great way to grab attention.
Using the Draw feature allows you to add these visual elements once you know how to find the correct tab in PowerPoint. While it's not immediately obvious how to use the feature, you're only a few clicks away from first adding the tab, and then drawing in PowerPoint.
How to add the draw tab to PowerPoint
1. To activate the Draw Tab, right-click anywhere on your PowerPoint ribbon. Then, select Customize the Ribbon from the context menu that appears. This step will open the PowerPoint options window in the Customize Ribbon tab.
2. Next, tick the checkbox beside Draw under the Customize Ribbon section. Finally, click OK. You should notice that a new tab with the name Draw has been added to your PowerPoint Ribbon.
How to draw in PowerPoint
1. To start drawing on PowerPoint, go to the Draw tab at the top of the application.
2. Select your preferred drawing medium under the Drawing Tools section. By default, you can choose between a black pen, a red pen, and a yellow highlighter.
3. To modify your drawing tools, right-click any of them and select either Modify Tool or Add Another Tool.


Saturday, May 20, 2017
Decrypting a SAML Assertion in OpenSAML v3
As you probably should know at this point, the SAML Assertion contains the description of a authenticated user and how it was autheunticitoted. The assertion is generally signed to prevent manipulation but there are also cases where you would want to encrypt the assertion to prevent someone to see the information within. For example the assertion can be used to communicate personal information about the user such as social security number and adress.
As most people reading my blog seem to be on the SP side of SAML I will explain how to decrypt an assertion.
The general method of encryption and subsequent decryption of a assertion uses two keys, one symetric and on asymetric.
The symtric key is generated during encryption and used to encrypt the actual assertion data. A asymetric key, generally a SP key contained in the metadata, is then used to encrypt the symetric key which is then stored in the XML together with the ecrypted assertion.
To decrypt the reverse of this is done. The asymmetric is used to decrypt the symmetric key, which is then used to decrypt the assertion.
Now for the OpenSAML part.
First we get the assertion from the XML. The assertion is stored in a EncryptedAssertion object and is retrieved with the method getEncryptedAssertions() on the response instead of getAssertions() which is used otherwise.
StaticKeyInfoCredentialResolver keyInfoCredentialResolver = new StaticKeyInfoCredentialResolver(SPCredentials.getCredential());
Decrypter decrypter = new Decrypter(null, keyInfoCredentialResolver, new InlineEncryptedKeyResolver());
In this example a StaticKeyInfoCredentialResolver is used to point out the key that is used for decryption, in this case I have stored it in the static class SPCredentials. The InlineEncryptedKeyResolver is used to tell the decryptor that the symmetric encryption key can be found in the XML next to the encrypted assertion.
The decryptor returns a decrypted Assertion object.
Some NameID value
 1. Hi Stefan,
 I have bought your book and with the help of that, i could integrate my web application using openSaml version 3.
 Now i have a different use case to implement, my company has a desktop application implemented in.Net, we want to enable SAML based sso for this application as well, i googled various sources but neither helped me. So we have arrived at our ow n idea to implement this.
 With the help of the already implemented web app, we are going to open an embedded browser from desktop which calls the url in which we create SAML request, once the IDP responds back with assertions we will return an loginid to the desktop app to authenticate. I will use the same saml request servlet and saml response consumer servlet for both web app and desktop, but for desktop i will redirect to another servlet which writes loginid in servlet response. So basic thing i need is a way to send a saml resuest with an identifier identifies application and the same identifier responed back by IDP in Saml response ( may be SAML request with assertion attribute and the same returned by IDP in saml response)
 WebAPP --> SAML request xml (without identifier )--> SAML repsonse(without identifier) <--IDP
 Desktop --> WebApp --> (SAML request xml (with identifier as from desktop ) --> SAML response ((with identifier as from desktop) <--- IDP
 Here the identifier may be custom assertion/any saml request attribute which can be send as it is from IDP in response
 1. Sound like you could set a RelayState parameter on the SAML request URL going out. This should be echoed back in the response.
 However you should think twice on you acrobatics with the second servlet where you take in a assertion and return user id in the servlet response.
 If you blindly trust what is returned in the response it might be easy to by pass the authentication by just inserting another user id.
 2. Thanks Stefan,I will try relaystate and let you know. By the way the loginid mentioned is not user ID it's a n encrypted id which includes various other parameters which is specific to application
 3. Hi Stefan,
 I bought your book yesterday and following it with the sample project given in the book as well. Could you please let me know if there is a separate book from IDP point since it's not covered here. If not any other sources, sample projects you can redirect me to is greatly appreciated
 1. Hi, Im sorry, I do not have any other book on the subject and Im not aware of any sample project. Sorry hope you find what you need
 4. Hi Stefan -- I'm using this sample code to decrypt an assertion from okta and it's not working out. would you have any advice?
 1. oh - got it solved by using a chaining resolver. though I'm not fully sure what happened.
 2. I have a similar issue on my system on my unit tests. I changed it to add the chaining resolver, but I still have the same error. Are you using the same key for both encryption and decryption like Stefan's example on the book?


text: Few studies assess the effects of recreational fishing in isolation from commercial fishing. We used meta-analysis to synthesise 4444 samples from 30 years (1987–2017) of fish surveys inside and outside a large network of highly protected reserves in the Ningaloo Marine Park, Western Australia, where the major fishing activity is recreational. Data were collected by different agencies, using varied survey designs and sampling methods. We contrasted the relative abundance and biomass of target and non-target fish groups between fished and reserve locations. We considered the influence of, and possible interactions between, seven additional variables: age and size of reserve, one of two reserve network configurations, reef habitat type, recreational fishing activity, shore-based fishing regulations and survey method. Taxa responded differently: the abundance and biomass inside reserves relative to outside was higher for targeted lethrinids, while other targeted (and non-targeted) fish groups were indistinguishable. Reef habitat was important for explaining lethrinid response to protection, and this factor interacted with reserve size, such that larger reserves were demonstrably more effective in the back reef and lagoon habitats. There was little evidence of changes in relative abundance and biomass of fishes with reserve age, or after rezoning and expansion of the reserve network. Our study demonstrates the complexities in quantifying fishing effects, highlighting some of the key factors and interactions that likely underlie the varied results in reserve assessments that should be considered in future reserve design and assessment.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
is it possible to use hillshade function in ArcMap to calculate shadow areas of buildings or simulate shadows of buildings, using DSM of the buildings and the sun angle and azimuth?
share|improve this question
Please edit your first question if you need to change something. If you just want to add the tags, don't worry because I have done that for you. – Nathan W Nov 10 '10 at 12:52
Also possible duplicate of math.stackexchange.com/questions/9683/… – Gareth Rees Nov 10 '10 at 12:59
And possible duplicate of programmers.stackexchange.com/questions/18086/… – Jaime Soto Nov 10 '10 at 14:13
6 Answers 6
ArcGIS claims to be able to do this at 10 with new 3D Analyst tools: Virtual City Template Enables 3D City Modeling. I say claims because I haven't personally used these tools yet. Here's the documentation for the tool discussed in that article: How Skyline Barrier (3D Analyst) works
share|improve this answer
hi how about trying to use sketchup?
i did not do it so if you do let us know how it went
share|improve this answer
What you are trying to do is usually called'solar envelope computation'. This paper present a method to compute it:
Eugenio Morello, Carlo Ratti, Sunscapes: 'Solar envelopes' and the analysis of urban DEMs, Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, Volume 33, Issue 1, January 2009, Pages 26-34, ISSN 0198-9715, DOI: 10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2008.09.005.
Solar envelope computation seems far more complex and different than hill shading. Hill shading usually only uses the orientation, and do not fully model light rays propagation.
share|improve this answer
Sketchup works great. You can define all kinds of settings and create time-lapse animations. Using ArcGIS, you can convert DSM to TIN then TIN to Multipatch and COLLADA and load into SketchUp.
In fact back in 2006 even ESRI was acknowledging the SketchUp was the tools for this: Quoting "Users can rapidly develop three-dimensional models that are georeferenced, animate scenes, and produce shadow casting studies for proposed building."
Take a look at the article: _URL_ It only applies to ArcGIS version 9.3.1 and older as this is the last version where the SketchUp6 plugin can be installed. In fact, for your purposes (DSM) it would probably be easier to use the plugin to convert the TIN surface to SketchUp then the new way which requires a few more steps. (The benefit of using the older version is that you can also export vector features (polylines, polygons, points) from ArcGIS to SketchUp whereas in version 10 this is not possible)
As was already mentioned in the previous similar post, ESRI claims to have similar functionality but I have not tried the tools personally.
share|improve this answer
Hello swingley,eliavs and jukub thanks for your suggestions, but i think none of your suggestions will get me the right results. perhaps you didn't get the question so i refer you to this article:a-a-r-s.org/acrs/proceeding/ACRS2002/Papers/VHR02-2.pdf. for you to get the picture. At page 3, section 3.2 Shadow simulation: this not so much to read, only a few sentence and figure 5. "Shadow simulation image" depicts exactly what i intended to achieve. perhaps, if anyone has experience solving such a task would be grateful if you could explain a little bit for me. thanks in advance. – Yudine Nov 11 '10 at 13:37
The actual answer to your initial question is no. You cannot use the hillshade function to obtain the shadows. Personally I don't have a very high option of the paper you mention; Aside from the numerous items that just don't make sense, the purpose is to recover information hidden in the shadow areas? Why not use an image taken from a different angle, time of day, etc. I disagree that none of our suggestions will give you the results depicted in figure 5. I will add another answer with some quick sketchup screen captures. – Jakub Nov 11 '10 at 14:56
"but i think none of your suggestions will get me the right results."
I still think you should consider the new ESRI tools or Sketchup. As for Sketchup, you can customize what object cast shadows on what objects. If you just want the shadows themselves -> view model in plan view and un-check perspective -> then paint model white on white background and in Style dialog turn off edges. See below for 2 examples of this; 1: buildings, 2: terrain. You can export this to tiff, import into ArcGIS or other GIS, georeference, classify, convert to polygons if need be.
alt text
alt text
share|improve this answer
Hello jukub, i really did not mean that... I just want to thank you....you've made my day. – Yudine Nov 11 '10 at 17:20
Not in Arcgis, but the free SAGA GIS can calculate the shade of objects in a digital surface model: _URL_ Use the analytical hillshading method with the ray-tracing option. All values >90 degrees (>1.56 radians) are shadows (black in the sample figure below). alt text
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text:
The hydroelastic interaction of water waves and the finite-length ice sheet with a gap is investigated in this study. The ice sheet is treated as an elastic thin plate with free-edge boundary conditions. The analytical solutions are obtained using the eigenfunction expansion method. Effects of the gap location on water-wave propagation and hydroelastic responses of the ice sheet are analyzed. Local minima and maxima are found in the transmission coefficient curve. Enhanced wave elevation in the gap and hydroealstic response of the ice sheet can be observed at specific wave frequencies. The wave resonance effect in the gap is also discussed.
With climate change, Arctic shipping routes have attracted great interest from researchers and the industry (Smith and Stephenson, 2013). The interaction of water waves and sea ice is becoming a hot subject at present. On wave-ice interaction problems, early researches have widely considered the situation of semi-infinite or finite sea ice in water waves, by assuming the sea ice to be perfect and continuous (e.g. Fox and Squire (1990), Fox and Squire (1994),, Meylan and Squire (1993), Meylan and Squire (1994), Sahoo et al. (2001), and Teng et al. (2001)). It is also common that an ice sheet may have cracks or a polynya in it, which brings more difficulties to the hydrodynamic analysis. Squire and Dixon (2001) found that the crack can behave as a steep low-pass filter that allows an easier passing through of long waves. The perfect transmission can also occur at some specific wave periods. Shi et al. (2019) found that both the length and distribution of the polynya have important effects on wave reflection and transmission. dependent on the relative position of the submerged body to elastic plate edges. Ren et al. (2016) studied the wave excited motion of a floating body between two semi-infinite ice sheets and observed standing waves in the polynya. Li et al. (2018) considered a circular cylinder submerged below an ice sheet with a crack. The results revealed that the location of the crack played an important role in the body motion.


text:
Fast Band-Sweep Total Isotropic Sensitivity Measurement
To provide consistent measurements of radio performance in typical complex environments, the total isotropic sensitivity (TIS) is used as a key parameter measured in anechoic chambers. Currently, the TIS measurement is based on the integration of the measured effective isotropic sensitivity at every angle over a spherical surface. This measurement is time consuming so it is only performed for three channels in a band in order to reduce overall measurement time. However, the whole band performance in real environments is critical in the research and development stage, and even in potential certification measurement. A novel fast band-sweep measurement for TIS of wireless devices is proposed in this paper. This method measures the radiated sensitivity and the average gain of the receiver antenna separately, and then combines them to obtain the TIS. The measurement of the radiated sensitivity in a band is efficiently performed based on the relationship between the bit error rate and the received power, and the band-sweep average gain of mobile antennas can be achieved through peak gain measurements. Hence, this method reduces band-sweep measurement time significantly and also ensues the measurement accuracy by eliminating the systematic error in the received signal strength indicator reporting.
Z. Liu et al., "Fast Band-Sweep Total Isotropic Sensitivity Measurement," IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, vol. 58, no. 4, pp. _PHONE_, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Aug 2016.
The definitive version is available at _URL_
Electrical and Computer Engineering
Center for High Performance Computing Research
Keywords and Phrases
Antennas; Bit error rate; Mobile antennas; Receiving antennas; Complex environments; Measurement accuracy; Real environments; Received signal strength indicators; Research and development; Spherical surface; Sweep measurements; Total isotropic sensitivities; Artificial intelligence; Average gain antenna; band-sweep measurement; calibration procedure; mean effective gain (MEG); radiated sensitivity and conducted sensitivity; receiver sensitivity analysis; (TIS) measurement
International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)
Article - Journal
© 2016 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), All rights reserved.


History Timeline Template
Document Sample
History Timeline Template Powered By Docstoc
 Computer History Timeline
Purpose: To produce a timeline of computer history that identifies the evolution of computers
 1. Click on the PowerPoint template provided on the calendar. Choose to SAVE the
 powerpoint to your folder. Save as Timeline. REMEMBER…SAVE not OPEN.
 2. Using the Internet, research the history of computers. Locate a minimum of 20 events
 in the evolution of computers.
 3. Use the provided PowerPoint template, create a timeline of events that display the
 evolution of computers. Begin with Charles Babbage in 1823 and continue until
 present day.
 4. Identify each date with the date and a description of the event tied to that date.
 5. Include 10 pictures on your timeline.
 6. Add a textbox in the upper right corner of your timeline that includes your name, date,
 and period.
 7. Add a title using Word Art!
 8. Additional elements may be added to your timeline to add visual appeal and originality.
 9. Save your project as timeline. Print Preview to make sure that all information fits on the
 screen. Check your document for spelling and grammar errors.
Description: History Timeline Template document sample


1. Home /
 2. Crusher Ponsel Elang
Crusher Ponsel Elang
Crusher Ponsel Elang
D1 and d2 are parameters that are characteristic of the crusher They are determined primarily by the setting of the crusher Data from operating crusher machines indicate that both d1 and d2 are proportional to the closed side setting d1 is the smallest sie particle that can be retained in the crushing one during the opening phase of the cycle.
Learn More
What Can I Do For You?


text:
2 entries found for shout.
To select an entry, click on it.
Main Entry: 1shout
Function: verb 1: to utter a sudden loud cry 2: to utter in a loud voice - shout·ernoun synonymsSHOUT, SHRIEK, SCREECH mean to utter a loud cry. SHOUT suggests any kind of loud cry that is meant to be heard either far away or above other noise . SHRIEK suggests a high-pitched, shrill cry that is a sign of strong feeling . SCREECH suggests a drawn-out shriek that is usually without words and is very harsh and unpleasant .


text:
LANCASTER, PA – Armstrong Ceilings has created an interactive Environmental Impact Calculator on its Web site to demonstrate the difference that recycling old ceiling tiles can make.
By simply entering the number of square feet of ceilings to be recycled, visitors are able to view the environmental impact, including the pounds of waste diverted from landfills, tons of virgin raw materials saved, kilowatt hours of energy saved, gallons of potable water saved, and kilograms of CO2 equivalent greenhouse gases avoided.
The Calculator can also display the impact in terms of everyday analogies, such as the number of tires diverted from landfills, pounds of carry-on luggage not carried on, months of electricity needed to power a home, loads of laundry not washed, and miles not driven.
An Alternative to Landfill Disposal
Armstrong introduced the industry's first ceiling recycling program in 1999. Since that time, the company, working in conjunction with its customers, has recycled more than 80,000,000 square feet of discarded ceiling tiles. This represents more than 11,000 dumpsters full of construction waste that would have normally been taken to landfills.
The closed-loop program enables building owners to ship ceilings from renovation projects to an Armstrong ceiling plant as an alternative to landfill disposal. As part of the program, the company even pays freight costs for shipping the old ceilings, which it uses as raw materials in the manufacture of new ceilings.
To access the Environmental Impact Calculator, visit _URL_
To obtain more information on the Ceiling Recycling Program, visit _URL_
Armstrong World Industries Inc. is a global leader in the design and manufacture of floors, ceilings and cabinets. Based in Lancaster, PA, Armstrong operates 37 plants in nine countries and has 11,000 employees. For more information, go to _URL_.


Do Fish Shed Their Scales?
There are instances where fish do shed their scales but they do not shed them as part of normal growth. If they lost their scales as they grew they would not continue to grow.
The scales would have to be repaired or replaced for the fish to grow. Fish scales mimic the qualities of a human's skin. The scales of a fish will grow as they get older.
The number of scales has is directly proportional to what its age is. The scales are just like the rings of a tree. The scales help to determine their age
Why Does a Fish Shed its Scales?
1. Physical Damage
 - Breeding Season: As they are swimming around trying to mate with the females both species are very active. They will brush up against many objects as they are swimming erratically so this can result in physical damage, which is generally lost scales.
 - Aggressive Behavior of Other Fish: Sometimes the other fish in the aquarium can become aggressive and try to harm the other fish by constantly hitting them. Generally, the fish that was attacked is the one that will lose scales.
 - Decorations: It is okay to add caves and other decorations inside your aquarium but make sure that they do not have any sharp parts.
If you do have aggressive fish in your aquarium it is advisable that you keep them together in one aquarium to help protect the gentler, docile fish from being hurt and losing scales.
fish tail 1
2. Infection
Having an infection will also cause your fish to shed their scales and is the second common reason for a fish to shed scales. There are so many different infections that it is too long of a list to name them.
SEE NEXT: Baby Snapping Turtle Care Guide - Diet & Tank
3. Abrasions
A fish can get an abrasion by coming into contact with hard objects. It is nothing for them to brush up against something as they swim around the aquarium, especially during the breeding season. To help prevent this from happening, be sure that you do not put anything in the aquarium that has a rough surface or a sharp edge.
Scale Shedding Disease
This disease is called infectious protrusion and among aquamarine fish, this is a prevalent disease. It is caused by dangerous bacteria like Aeromonas punctuate and Pseudomonas fluorescens. It this disease is not treated, it becomes fatal.
These bacteria can be found in nature and is brought into the aquarium from natural reservoirs. When the fish that is infected in placed in an aquarium with healthy fish, the disease will spread if the infected fish is not quarantined first.
This disease can get into your aquarium via water, plants, or gravel from an infected aquarium. Another way it can spread is through transmission from equipment used in the infected aquarium.
The main symptoms of this disease is scale rising and scale shedding. In the beginning, the fish will look healthy but you may see some protruding scales. As the disease gets worse, more scales will start to stick up all over the fish's body.
This is because of the formation of the small pustules or bubbles that are full of serous fluid. They form in the places under the skin where the scales are attached to the fish's body. As a result, this leads to scales being shed or lost.
SEE NEXT: Top 5 Bottom Dweller / Bottom Feeder Fish
Because they shed scales, form pustules, and have scales protruding, these young fish will have difficulty breathing. The reason is that they use dermal respiration during that stage of their life instead of using their gill apparatus for exchanging gases. Unfortunately, these two specific symptoms do not always hint towards scale shedding disease.
Sometimes the protruding scales can be caused by bacteria called Mycobacteriosis or Ichthyosporidium. In order to be sure exactly what is causing a fish's scales to shed, you will need to examine the tissue that surrounds it and the scales.
fish scale
This disease can only be treated if it is caught in the early stages. This is when the scales start to stick up in patches. Some of the things that can be used include:
 - Antibiotics: These can include Sulfanilamide, Bicillim-5, and Biomycin
 - Basic Violet K: This can be made to treat fish in separate aquariums.
If a fish shows extensive protrusion of their scales, they are beyond being cured so they should not be kept any longer. They should be disposed of and everything, including the equipment, fishing tackle, and aquarium needs to be disinfected.
To clean and disinfect them, you should use five percent Hydrochloric acid or Sulphuric Acid. You can also use a Chloramine solution. To disinfect the gravel you need to temper or boil it. You should use Bicillin-5 solution to treat any of the plants.
Can a Fish Grow Back Their Scales?
Even if your fish loses a large number of its scales, it is possible that they can normally grow them back but it all depends on the breed of fish. The time for them to grow back will vary according to the species. Some can grow them back in a few weeks while others it may take three to four months.
SEE NEXT: Rasbora Hets & Espei Rasboras - Care Guide
It also depends on why they shed their scales in the first place. For example, if it was due to aggressive fish and you have moved the aggressive fish to another aquarium then they should grow back. The same way if it was due to something sharp in the aquarium and it was removed, their scales would grow back or repair themselves.
If the fish are healthy and it was not an infection causing them to shed scales, then they should grow them back or repair them.
 - It is a misconception that fish shed their scales as they grow. If nothing bad happens to a fish they will never shed their scales
 - If the fish have shed a lot of scales they will probably not grow them back, or at least the majority of them.
 - With scale shedding disease, if it is caught in time the fish will recover.
Leave a Comment


text:
BACKGROUND. Children treated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunts to manage hydrocephalus frequently develop shunt failure and/or infections, conditions that present with overlapping symptoms. The potential life-threatening nature of shunt infections requires rapid diagnosis; however, traditional microbiology is time consuming, expensive, and potentially unreliable. We set out to identify a biomarker that would identify shunt infection.
METHODS. CSF was assayed for the soluble membrane attack complex (sMAC) by ELISA in patients with suspected shunt failure or infection. CSF was obtained at the time of initial surgical intervention. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the diagnostic potential of sMAC in pyogenic-infected versus noninfected patients.
RESULTS. Children with pyogenic shunt infection had significantly increased sMAC levels compared with noninfected patients (3,211 ± 1,111 ng/ml vs. 26 ± 3.8 ng/ml,
CONCLUSION. Elevated CSF sMAC levels are both sensitive and specific for diagnosing pyogenic shunt infection and may serve as a useful prognostic biomarker during recovery from infection.
FUNDING. This work was supported in part by the Impact Fund of Children's of Alabama.
Theresa N. Ramos, Anastasia A. Arynchyna, Tessa E. Blackburn, Scott R. Barnum, James M. Johnston
CONSORT flow diagram.


Quick Answer: Are There Any Islands That Are Not Owned?
What's the cheapest island to buy?
According to Official eTA, the cheapest continent to purchase an island is South America, where the average cost per acre is $1,147.
There, the least expensive location (Chile) costs $405 an acre, while private islands Argentina can be picked up for as little as $867 per acre..
Who owns the most expensive island?
Does Beyonce own an island?
Yes. Beyonce Knowles-Carter owns an Island. Beyonce and Jay Z acquired a 360-acre wild island filled with tall hardwood trees, a natural harbour and lush scenery.
How many uninhabited islands are there?
million uninhabited islandsHow many uninhabited islands are there in the world? A. There may be as many as a couple million uninhabited islands in the world. Sweden, for instance, counts 221,831 islands within its borders, and only 1,145 have people living on them.
Can you claim an uninhabited island?
Thanks to a 19th century law, Americans can lay claim to any uninhabited island with birdshit on it.
Is there any unclaimed land in the US?
Is there anywhere on earth still unexplored?
Several mountains in Himalayan country Bhutan are believed to be unconquered, namely the world's largest unclimbed mountain: Gangkhar Puensum. Unexplored areas around the world also include small islands, such as Pitcairn Island off of New Zealand, and Palmerston Island in the South Pacific.
What is the most uninhabited place on earth?
Danakil Depression1. Ethiopia's Danakil Depression and its landscape, which consists of burning salt, volcanic rock, and sulfuric acid, is considered the most uninhabitable place on Earth.
Can I start my own country?
Creating a new country isn't as easy as you think. As tempting as it might be to declare your cubicle a sovereign state, customary international law actually does specify minimum standards for statehood. You must have a defined territory. … Your government must be capable of interacting with other states.
Can you claim an island in international waters?
What is the wealthiest island in the world?
Trinidad and Tobago. In addition to being the wealthiest country in the Caribbean region, the twin-island nation of Trinidad and Tobago has one of the highest per capita Gross Domestic Products (GDP) in the entire Western Hemisphere, coming third after the United States and Canada.
Are there any islands not claimed?
In 2014, author Alastair Bonnett described Bir Tawil as the only place on Earth that was habitable but was not claimed by any recognised government.
What states give free land?
Who survived the longest on a deserted island?
Could a billionaire buy a country?
What state has the cheapest land?
How much does 1 acre on the moon cost?
"There is a loophole in the treaty—it does not apply to individuals." Since then, he's sold more than 611 million acres of land on the moon. Individual, one-acre lots sell for $19.95 ($36.50 after a "lunar tax" and shipping and handling of the deed) and there are discounts for larger plots.
Who owns the largest private island?
The biggest island in our round-up, Lanai (aka Pineapple Island) is the sixth-largest of the Hawaiian islands. Oracle billionaire Larry Ellison owns a whopping 98% of the land on Lanai.
Do laws apply on private islands?
Virtually all islands in the world are claimed and governed by some national government. That nation's laws apply, and any attempt by the owner to claim sovereignty would generally be unrealistic. … Some islands can be bought undeveloped, while others already have roads and/or houses. Islands are also available for rent.
Can I build my own island in international waters?
It could be done, but it would be a major technical and financial effort. First, you'd have to locate your country-to-be outside of everyone else's 200-mile maritime Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs). For reference, the areas open for development are those in white. Next, you'd have to build your island.
Can I buy an island and make it a country?


Take the 2-minute tour ×
$xp$ is not a hermitian operator and hence doesn't represent an observable. Then, how can we interpret the expression
$$ \langle x p \rangle \text{,} $$
the expectation value of position times momentum?
How to interpret the expectation value of a hermitian operator, say $p$, is clear: make several measurements on identically prepared systems and get the expectation value from the measured quantities.
But now we are talking about the expectation value of an operator that doesn't represent an observable. The discussion above hence isn't valid. However, computing $\langle x p \rangle$ knowing $\Psi$ according to the mathematical definition can be done, so $\langle x p \rangle$ can clearly be deduced if we know the wave function - but how can we interpret the quantity we get?
(The question arises from a line in my textbook - "in a stationary state, $\frac{d}{dt} \langle x p \rangle = 0$,..." without further explanation - why is this obvious?)
share|improve this question
"why is this obvious?" Hint: a stationary state has a simple time dependence: $\Psi(t)\rangle = e^{-iE_{\Psi}t/\hbar}|\Psi(0)\rangle$. – Alfred Centauri Jul 16 '12 at 17:07
The expectation value of $xp$ is $i\hbar/2$ plus a real number because $xp-i\hbar/2 = (xp+px)/2$ is Hermitian. It's hard to construct a "device" that measures $xp$ or equivalently the Hermitian $xp-i\hbar/2$ but such "devices" exist in principle. What's the problem here? What do you exactly mean by an interpretation? An observable is an observable that may be in principle measured and its expectation value is the average of many measurements in the same state. And no, the measurement of $xp$ can't be reduced to a measurement of $x$ and $p$ separately - the latter two don't commute. – Luboš Motl Jul 16 '12 at 17:22
But the fact that $xp$ can't be measured by measuring $x$ and $p$ isn't anything special about $xp$. $J_z$ may also be written as an "operator function" of $J_x$ and $J_y$. In particular, $J_z=(J_x J_y - J_y J_x)/i\hbar$ but that doesn't mean that one should or could measure $J_z$ by measuring $J_x$ and then $J_y$. That's not possible as those two don't commute and one measurement would distort the state. But that doesn't mean that $J_z$ can't be measured, does it? – Luboš Motl Jul 16 '12 at 17:25
Otherwise, the expectation values of all quantities should be constant in a stationary state, by definition of a stationary state. ;-) – Luboš Motl Jul 16 '12 at 17:50
The device to directly measure $xp$, as well as $[x,p]$ for single photons turns out to be quite simple and is described here – straups Jul 17 '12 at 6:03
2 Answers 2
up vote 0 down vote accepted
Here is how you interpret: the expectation value in a state $|\Psi\rangle$ of products of Hermitian operators like $x$ and $p$ (corresponding to observables) quantifies how correlated (quantum mechanically entangled) the two observables are in that state.
Therefore, the statement $\frac{d}{dt}\langle xp\rangle=0$ in English reads: "the extent to which the two observables 'position' and'momentum' are entangled correlated does not change with time". Now since stationary states are independent of time (up to a phase), it should be pretty clear that the correlation should not change with time (i.e. it is fixed).
share|improve this answer
While the expectation value $\langle xp\rangle$ does describe a correlation, it is incorrect to say that the observables are entangled. States can be entangled in quantum mechanics, as well as show non-classical kinds of correlations, but observables can't. – Emilio Pisanty Jul 16 '12 at 23:39
_USER_, I completely agree, but the partition of system on subsystems is determined by localy accessible observables (_URL_-ph/_PHONE_). However, the statement in this answer is still incorrect :) – straups Jul 17 '12 at 5:55
_USER_ OK, but if the word "entangled" isn't used, it's still correct to interpret as how correlated the two quantities are? – Carl Jul 17 '12 at 19:03
I have corrected the answer to reflect the well-justified objections. – QuantumDot Jul 18 '12 at 4:25
The line from your textbook you're puzzling over is in fact quite a bit easier: in a stationary state nothing changes apart from phases that cancel out in any expectation value, and therefore $\frac{d}{dt}\left[\textrm{anything} \right]=0.$
You're right to point out that $xp$ is not a hermitian operator, but that does not mean that the expectation value $\langle xp \rangle$ is meaningless. Specifically, take the uncertainty relation $xp-px=i\hbar$ and substract $xp$ twice: you get $$xp+px=-i\hbar+2xp,$$ which you can rearrange into $$\langle xp\rangle = \left\langle \frac{xp+px}{2}\right\rangle+i\hbar.$$ The expectation value is now of the hemitian operator $\frac{1}{2}(xp+px)$, and you can see that your original expectation value has a trivial imaginary part.
If it's a physical interpretation for this quantity you're after, try this question.
share|improve this answer
Nice argument there :-) – David Z Jul 16 '12 at 23:49
Yes, d/dt(anything)=0 for stationary states is (and should have been to me) clear, was just puzzled by the (anything) being something I couldn't interpret. – Carl Jul 17 '12 at 19:04
Your Answer


Resources, Advice & Tips for Covid-19
Read More
Are Ouija Boards Dangerous? What to Know
Sally Painter
Ouija board
Are Ouija boards dangerous or is it all in your mind as some people argue? You can explore both sides of this discussion and decide for yourself if Ouija boards really are dangerous.
Are Ouija Boards Dangerous?
If you ask a psychologist, the answer is the Ouija board itself isn't dangerous, but the person with their fingers on the planchette might be. If you ask a medium, you will often get the same answer with a footnote: that it might not be the person that is dangerous, but a spirit.
Why Are Ouija Boards Dangerous?
There are many psychological reasons why a person might be dangerous as a result of using a Ouija board according to psychology professionals. The main one is the belief that the Ouija board is communicating with spirits. Psychologists believe a susceptible person may convince themselves that they are possessed by a demon.
Hands on a Ouija planchette
Psychological Dangers of Ouija Board
According to the mental health industry, the psychological dangers of Ouija boards rest with the mental health of the participants. Psychologists/Psychiatrists believe that psychic phenomena such as demonic possession, poltergeist activity, and hauntings by spirits are the result of various mental illnesses. This professional belief automatically displaces any supernatural or paranormal causes for the patient's condition.
How to Avoid Getting Caught Up in Superstitions
There are many creepy tales that circulate about the Ouija board, and it's easy to get caught up in the various superstitions about Ouija boards. The idea of communicating with spirits can feel spooky, and this creep factor can affect the most logical people when the planchette seems to move by itself by responding to questions. This can make you scared or even traumatized, so it's important that you stay grounded during a Ouija session. If you begin to feel afraid, then close the session and try again another time.
Ouija Board Gives Answer You Don't Like
You may ask questions you really don't want answered and start to regret it, especially if the information delivered by the Ouija board isn't true. For example, a participant may flippantly ask, "When am I going to die?" and the planchette slides to give a specific answer.
Avoid Asking Certain Questions
It's easy to avoid this type of response situation. Set guidelines prior to your Ouija board session about the type of questions prohibited. A personal guideline should be, if you aren't prepared to hear the answer to a specific question, then don't ask it.
Mediums Warn of Dangers of Ouija Board
Many mediums and Ouija board enthusiasts often warn of Ouija board dangers. They warn against playing with a Ouija board as though it were a game. They believe the board serves as a gateway to the other side where spirit dwells. Players are advised that it is very possible to invite disembodied entities to cross over and wreak havoc in their lives.
Scared woman
Safeguard Against Unwanted Spirits Lingering
The easiest way to prevent unwanted spirits from lingering long past the use of the Ouija board is to take proper steps to close the gateway at the end of your session. All you do is slide the planchette to "Good Bye" then turn it upside down with the feet pointing up. You should store the planchette upside down and wrapped in a cloth to prevent it from making contact with the board. For an added precaution, you can open and close each session by placing the room in protective white light and stating only those entities/spirits of the light can enter.
Dangers of Ouija Boards From Malevolent Spirits
Some mediums and psychics believe that only low frequency entities and spirits use Ouija boards as a form of communication. These beings don't vibrate at high enough frequencies to achieve communication any other way. This alone is a warning of the dangers of Ouija boards. These spirits or often demons are adept in deception.
spiritual portal
Why Low Level Spirits Are Dangerous
The low frequency beings using the Ouija board often pretend to be someone you once knew. The spirit may offer a few small truths to gain your trust. This information almost always takes a turn and becomes dark and misleading. By design, the communication can cause confusion, anguish, and even isolation.
How to Counter Ouija Board Misinformation
To mitigate any fearful information that comes through the Ouija board, take everything with a grain of salt. If you dislike the information you're receiving, end the session and try again another time. Never continue to communicate with an entity or spirit that makes you uncomfortable.
Malevolent Entities Waiting to Communicate
Many people believe malevolent entities are waiting to communicate with unsuspecting victims. One such being is called Zozo (also Zaza or Zuzu). Zozo is reported to be a negative entity that takes over sessions and seeks to wreak havoc in the life of any Ouija board user. While there is no proof Zozo is anything more than an urban legend or trick of the mind, many people have experienced the Zozo phenomenon.
How to Recognize Negative Entities
There are several telltale signs that you are communicating with a negative entity. Once you know what to look for, you can quickly end your Ouija board session. If you notice any of the following odd behaviors, immediately slide the planchette to "goodbye" and then turn it upside down. End your session and store the board appropriately.
 - Ouija board planchette slides to number 9 and counts backwards to 0.
 - Planchette slides between Z and a vowel repeatedly.
 - Planchette exhibits laughter by sliding back and forth between the letters H and A.
 - Planchette moves erratically.
 - Planchette cycles through the alphabet in either alphabetical or reverse alphabetical order.
You Become Emotionally Attached
If you are a frequent user, you can run the risk of becoming emotionally and psychologically attached to the Ouija board. This is especially dangerous if you rely on the Ouija board for advice and guidance in your life. This can lead to an obsessive behavior and even result in you shutting out friends and loved ones.
Upset man
How to Avoid Dangers of Ouija Board Attachment
You should constantly remind yourself that no game can dictate how you should live your life. You have free will and you live in the real world, not the world of a Ouija board. In spite of being consciously aware of these facts, you discover you're relying on the board in an unhealthy manner, seek professional guidance either through a mental health professional or a spiritual advisor, such as clergy.
Ouija Board Use Unleashes Psychokinetic Activity
There are anecdotal reports connected to Ouija board use about physical attacks and objects being thrown and smashed by unseen forces. In some cases, the activity continued even after the individual stopped using the Ouija board. This is known poltergeist activity.
How to Prevent Ouija Board Caused Poltergeist Activity
Poltergeist activity is caused by the phenomenon known as psychokinesis, which is frequently related to a living person although it can be generated by spirits. If you experience poltergeist activity during a Ouija board session, properly end the session and see if the activity stops. If it continues, you may need to help from a paranormal expert. In addition, you might need to talk with a therapist to resolve any residual emotional problems you have from the experience.
Demonic Possession Through Use of Ouija Board
The most frightening danger associated with the Ouija board is the possibility of demonic possession. This fear was heightened by the movie, The Exorcist, and the spirit Captain Howdy communicating through the Ouija board that led to the fictional demonic possession.
Possessed-looking woman
When to End Ouija Board Session
If any of the participants in the Ouija board session exhibits odd behavior, promptly end your session. You can perform a cleansing burn with sandalwood or other incense to clear out any negative energies. If it continues and you fear a demonic possession, infestation, or oppression, then you're dealing with a spiritual issue, not a paranormal one. You should seek help from clergy trained to deal with possession.
Ouija Board Dangers When You Believe It's a Game
Many people believe the Ouija board is just a game. This attitude makes them vulnerable to the dangers of Ouija boards. Communicating with spirits should never be taken lightly. You should be cautious when you use a Ouija board and make sure you are using spiritual protection techniques. Familiarize yourself with the signs of spiritual oppression. If, at any time, you feel the situation is out of control, any of the participants are uncomfortable, or you feel any sense of spiritual danger, end the session immediately using proper closing techniques.
Why Are Ouija Boards Dangerous?
A lack of respect for a divination tool, like a Ouija board, can make it dangerous to use. When you understand how to use a Ouija board and how to avoid possible dangers, it can be another tool for communicating with spirit.
Are Ouija Boards Dangerous? What to Know


Skip to main content
How long does it take to wash a load of laundry?
Laundry is hard. Laundry is tiring. Contrary to popular belief, laundry does not take long to do. A wash cycle takes about 30 minutes per load, give or take, and a dry cycle lasts up to an hour.
Let's Get It Fixed!
What Did You Think of This Article?
What Did You Think of This Article?
Shop Recommended ProductsShop HomeX Recommended Products


text:
A major characteristic of Chinese instrumental variations is the use of identification motives called the hetou (refrain head) or hewei (refrain tail) that appear in the beginning and end of each movement. Again, except for these refrain motives, there might be no other relationship between the variations and the refrains or among the variations themselves. Sometimes, a movement appears several times among the other movements in a suite; this is considered a variation technique. Due to Western influence, ABA form has become extremely popular in modern instrumental folk music.
Therefore, the solution is to change the guidelines.


text: Precipitation kinetics were investigated in select Fe, Ni, and Al alloys using a CALPHAD based precipitation model based on Langer-Schwartz theory. Thermodynamic and kinetic data are taken from commercially available CALPHAD software, but reliable interfacial energy data for precipitates needed for the calculations is often lacking. While models exist to approximate these interfacial energies, this study has focused on deriving more reliable estimates by comparison with experimental data. By performing simulations with thermal histories, nucleation sites, and precipitate morphologies that closely replicate experimental data found in literature, the interfacial energies were optimized until volume fraction and mean radius values closely matched the published data. Using this technique, interfacial energy values have been determined for carbides in Grade 22 low alloy steels, delta phase in Ni 625 and 718, SPhase in Al 2024, and Q' and β'' in Al 6111, and can be used for future predictive precipitation simulations.


Under an agreement just signed between the European Union and the United States, airlines must provide personal information on passengers traveling to the U.S. from Europe, including details about their race, religion, political affiliations, sexual orientation and health. The argument is that the September 11 attacks could have been prevented if such a system had been in place.
What does this mean for people living with HIV? The 1993 U.S. HIV travel ban already requires passengers entering the country to disclose their HIV status, so advocates are more concerned about the requirements on disclosing sexual orientation and other details of their personal lives.
"They're maintaining that this is about counterterrorism, but they're certainly not explaining why these specific categories are necessary to move toward that stated goal," says Nancy Ordover, Assistant Director for Research and Federal Affairs at the New York-based Gay Men's Health Crisis (GMHC). "How is someone's sex life related to counterterrorism? Obviously there's something else going on here."


text:
Tele-Communication (Telecom) Terms Glossary and Dictionary
Teleflip is a service that makes it possible for a customer to send short email messages to anyone's phone using only their phone number. The way it works is like this: Open any email program or webmail site, then in the To: field, put your friend's phone number (don't use any parentheses around the area code), followed by _USER_.com. For instance, if your friend's number was _PHONE_, you'd just enter: _EMAIL_. In the body of the message, type a short message, up to 160 characters. You can put something in the subject line too, but it will count towards that 160-character limit, finally,hit Send. Your message will go to TeleFlip, and TeleFlip will convert it into a text message and deliver it to your friend's phone via SMS (Short Message Service).


text:
1. Start out with removing any nail polish on your nails as well as cutting/filing them to the desired shape.
2. The next thing you need to do is find a triangular makeup sponge. You can find these at the Dollar Tree, or can even cut a rectangular sponge!
3. Pick out the two or three (or four!) colors you would like to ombre onto your nails. These can be varying shade of the same color or different colors altogether!
4. To get the ombre effect onto your nails, you can do one of two things:
- Apply the nail polish onto a surface like plastic wrap and mix the edges to create the desired effect. Dab the sponge onto the polish and then onto your nails!
- Apply nail polish directly on the sponge and then onto your nails!
5. Clean up the edges of the nails and your fingers using a Q-tip and nail polish remover.
6. Let dry!!!!!!! And ta-da, you have gorgeous ombre nails for the summertime! :D
|These colors together are amazingggggg|
What are your fav summer nail designs? Comment below and don't forget to follow! :)


From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the Semitic letter. For the band, see Qoph (band).
Phonemic representation kˤ, q, g
Position in alphabet 19
Numerical value 100
Alphabetic derivatives of the Phoenician
Qoph or Qop is the nineteenth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician Qōp Phoenician qoph.svg, Hebrew Qof ק, Aramaic Qop Qoph.svg, Syriac Qōp̄ ܩ, and Arabic Qāf ق (in abjadi order). Its sound value is an emphatic [] or [q]. In Hebrew gematria, it has the numerical value of 100.
The origin of qoph is uncertain. It is usually suggested to have originally depicted either a sewing needle, specifically the eye of a needle (the Hebrew קוף means "hole"), or the back of a head and neck (qāf in Arabic meant "nape").[1] According to an older suggestion, it may also have been a picture of a monkey and its tail.[2]
Hebrew Qof[edit]
The Oxford Hebrew-English Dictionary gives the letter Qoph a transliteration value of q or k; and, when word-final, it may be transliterated as ck. The normal English spellings of Biblical names containing this letter may represent it as C or K, e.g. Cain for Hebrew Qayin, or Kenan for Qenan (Genesis 4:1, 5:9).
Orthographic variants
Various print fonts Cursive
Serif Sans-serif Monospaced
ק ק ק Hebrew letter Kuf handwriting.svg Hebrew letter Kuf Rashi.png
Hebrew spelling: קוֹף
In modern Israeli Hebrew the letter is also called kuf. The letter represents /k/; i.e., no distinction is made between Qof and Kaph. However, many historical groups have made that distinction, with Qof being pronounced [q] by Iraqi Jews and other Mizrahim, or even as [ɡ] by Yemenite Jews under the influence of Yemeni Arabic.
Significance of Qof[edit]
Qof in gematria represents the number 100. Sarah is described in Genesis Rabba as בת ק' כבת כ' שנה לחטא, literally "At Qof years of age, she was like Kaph years of age in sin", meaning that when she was 100 years old, she was as sinless as when she was 20.
After a child says something false, one might retort: "B'Shin Qoph, Resh" (with Shin, Qoph, Resh). These letters spell sheqer, which is the Hebrew word for a lie. It would be akin to an English speaker saying "That's an L-I-E."
Arabic qāf[edit]
The letter ق is named قاف qāf and is written in several ways depending on its position in the word:
Position in word: Isolated Final Medial Initial
Glyph form: ق ـق ـقـ قـ
It is usually transliterated into Latin script as q, though some scholarly works use.[3]
According to Sibawayh, author of the first book on Arabic grammar, the letter is pronounced as a voiced phoneme.[4] As noted above, Modern Standard Arabic has the voiceless uvular plosive /q/ as its standard pronunciation of the letter, but dialectical pronunciations vary as follows:
This variance has led to the confusion over the spelling of Libyan leader Muammar al-Gaddafi's name in Latin letters. In Western Arabic dialects the sound [q] is more preserved but can also be sometimes pronounced [ɡ] or as a simple [k] under Berber and French influence.
The Maghribi text renders qāf and fā' differently than elsewhere would:
منكم فقد ضل سواء السبيل فبما نقضهم ميثـٰـقهم لعنـٰـهم وجعلنا قلوبهم قـٰـسية يحرفون الكلم عن مواضعه ونسوا حظاً مما ذكروا به ولا تزال تطلع
Maghrebi variant[edit]
The Maghrebi style of writing qāf is different: having only a single point (dot) above; when the letter is isolated or word-final, it may sometimes become unpointed.[5]
The Maghrebi qāf
Position in word: Isolated Final Medial Initial
Form of letter: ٯ ـٯ ـڧـ ڧـ
The earliest Arabic manuscripts show qāf in several variants: pointed (above or below) or unpointed.[6] Then the prevalent convention was having a point above for fā' and a point below for qāf; this practice is now only preserved in manuscripts from the Maghribi,[7] with the exception of Libya and Algeria, where the Mashriqi form (two dots above: ق) prevails.
Within Maghribi texts, there is no possibility of confusing it with the letter fā', as it is instead written with a dot underneath (ڢ) in the Maghribi script.[8]
In Persian, the letter is pronounced [ɣ]~[ɢ].
Character encodings[edit]
Character ק ق ܩ
Encodings decimal hex decimal hex decimal hex decimal hex
Unicode 1511 U+05E7 1602 U+0642 1833 U+0729 2066 U+0812
UTF-8 215 167 D7 A7 217 130 D9 82 220 169 DC A9 224 160 146 E0 A0 92
Numeric character reference ק ק ق ق ܩ ܩ ࠒ ࠒ
Character 𐎖 𐡒 𐤒
Encodings decimal hex decimal hex decimal hex
Unicode 66454 U+10396 67666 U+10852 67858 U+10912
UTF-8 240 144 142 150 F0 90 8E 96 240 144 161 146 F0 90 A1 92 240 144 164 146 F0 90 A4 92
UTF-16 55296 57238 D800 DF96 55298 56402 D802 DC52 55298 56594 D802 DD12
Numeric character reference 𐎖 𐎖 𐡒 𐡒 𐤒 𐤒
 1. ^ Travers Wood, Henry Craven Ord Lanchester, A Hebrew Grammar, 1913, p. 7. A. B. Davidson, Hebrew Primer and Grammar, 2000, p. 4. The meaning is doubtful. "Eye of a needle" has been suggested, and also "knot" Harvard Studies in Classical Philology vol. 45.
 2. ^ Isaac Taylor, History of the Alphabet: Semitic Alphabets, Part 1, 2003: "The old explanation, which has again been revived by Halévy, is that it denotes an 'ape,' the character Q being taken to represent an ape with its tail hanging down. It may also be referred to a Talmudic root which would signify an 'aperture' of some kind, as the 'eye of a needle,'... Lenormant adopts the more usual explanation that the word means a 'knot'.
 3. ^ e.g., The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
 4. ^ Kees Versteegh, The Arabic Language, pg. 131. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2001. Paperback edition. ISBN 9780748614363
 5. ^ van den Boogert, N. (1989). "Some notes on Maghrebi script" (PDF). Manuscript of the Middle East 4. p. 38 shows qāf with a superscript point in all four positions.
 6. ^ Gacek, Adam (2008). The Arabic Manuscript Tradition. Brill. p. 61. ISBN 90-04-16540-1.
 7. ^ Gacek, Adam (2009). Arabic Manuscripts: A Vademecum for Readers. Brill. p. 145. ISBN 90-04-17036-7.
 8. ^ Muhammad Ghoniem, M S M Saifullah, cAbd ar-Rahmân Robert Squires & cAbdus Samad, Are There Scribal Errors In The Qur'ân?, see qif on a traffic sign written ڧڢ which is written elsewhere as قف, Retrieved 2011-August-27
External links[edit]


10 Common Questions for Pop Warner Parents
Signing your child up for Pop Warner football is exciting and overwhelming at the same time.
Like any new adventure, playing Pop Warner football will come with lots of questions. Will my child be safe? How big are the kids playing on my child's team? When can I register? What league will my child play in?
Here are some frequently asked questions first-time Pop Warner parents ask, and some answers to get you started as your child embarks on a great experience.
Is there a league in my area?
Pop Warner has football leagues in 42 states from coast to coast, so chances are there's one in your area. Visit Pop Warner's league finder web page to find information--including contact information and web addresses--of the Pop Warner league near you.
When are sign-ups?
It depends on the league, but usually are in the spring and summer months. Check the website of your local league for more information.
What are the different age groups?
Pop Warner has opportunities for players ages 5-15, and they are separated into nine divisions. The youngest, the Tiny-Mite division, features children ages 5-7. The Bantam division features 13-15 year olds with 16-year olds welcome if they are light enough.
My child has a birthday during the season. How does that affect age placement?
With Pop Warner games being played in the fall, the organization has set up a specific guideline: A child's age on July 31st is his/her age for the entire season. So if your son turns 10 on August 1st, he will still be considered a 9-year old for registration purposes.
Does my child's weight matter?
Yes, it does. Pop Warner combines age restrictions with weight restrictions to make an age/weight scale. It is as follows:
 - Tiny-Mite: Ages 5-7. Must be between 35 and 75 pounds.
 - Mitey-Mite: Ages 7-9. Must be between 45-90 pounds.
 - Junior PeeWee: Ages 8-10 must be between 60-105 pounds. 11-year olds are accepted if they weigh between 60-85 pounds.
 - PeeWee: Ages 9-11 must be between 75-120 pounds. 12-year olds are accepted if they weigh between 75-100 pounds.
 - Junior Midget: Ages 10-12 must be between 85-135 pounds. 13-year olds are accepted if they weigh between 85-115 pounds.
 - Midget: Ages 11-14 must be between 105-160 pounds. 15-year olds are accepted if they weigh between 105-140 pounds.
 - Junior Bantam: Ages 12-14 must be between 120-170 pounds. 15-year olds are accepted if they weigh 120-150 pounds.
 - Unlimited: For 12-15 year olds who weigh more than 170 pounds.
 - Bantam: Ages 13-15 year olds who weight 135-185 pounds. 16-year olds can play if they are between 135-165 pounds.
For more information, check out Pop Warner's Age/Weight structure web page.
Are there any other requirements?
Pop Warner demands academic excellence among its participants. Players must receive a 2.0 grade-point average (or 70 percent average) in school to participate. Exceptions are made through Scholastic Eligibility Forms, which are filled out by that child's school to determine whether Pop Warner football would be beneficial to that child.
Are there tryouts?
No. Everyone is allowed to participate and play. All you have to do is sign up.
Is my child safe playing organized football?
Though injury is always possible in any sport, Pop Warner is quick to point out that injury rates are significantly lower in youth football than in high school or college football. That's partly because of Pop Warner's strict age/weight scale that makes sure all the children are playing against players their own size.
Studies have shown that organized football among children produces fewer injuries than soccer.
How many games will my child play?
The regular season schedule is usually between seven and nine games, between late August and late October. Playoffs will follow in certain divisions, and the best teams will play in the Pop Warner Super Bowl in Florida in early December.
If my child isn't the best player on the team, will he/she just sit the bench all season?
Not at all. Pop Warner has mandatory rules of play that requires everyone be able to participate. That means that every player will get in for several plays every game.
Discuss This Article
Follow your passions
Connect with ACTIVE.COM


FAQs: COVID19 vaccine for foreingers in Thailand
Right now, COVID19 vaccine is licensed and available in Thailand, unfortunately the supply of vaccines is very limited. Foreigners still cannot get the vaccine in Thailand and we did received many questions and requests for foreingers especially expatriates in Thailand on how and where to get the vaccine. So we will try to answer these questions in this blog post.
Let's start:
1. Which COVID19 vaccines are licensed and available in Thailand?
Our FDA licensed three COVID19 vaccines i.e. vaccine from AztraZeneca/Oxford, the Sinovac from China and from Johnsons and Johnsons. However, only two vaccines (AztraZenaca and Sinovac) are available right now.
2. These COVID19 vaccines belong to whom? Who imported the vaccines?
Royal Thai Government imports all vaccines and plans to distribute to all Thais. They have a clear plan to secure and distribute the vaccines, started from February 2021, right now (4 Apr) approximately 170,000 Thais received vaccines. A big lot of vaccine is coming, and by the end of this year, our government expects to receive 60 million doses of vaccine for our population.
3. What is the target population of this vaccine?
The priority groups are the healthcare personels, people in outbreak area and elderly and those with medical conditions. The next phase will distribute to general population.
4. Is it true that COVID19 vaccine is free for Thai citizen? and How about foreingers?
Yes, the government provides vaccine for Thai citizen free of charge. Unfortunately, non-Thais are still not the target group of vaccine, at least for now, where the availability of vaccine in Thailand is still very limited. So there is no tentative date/time on when foreigners can get the vaccine in Thailand.
5. What about private hospitals/clinics in Thailand? Can they buy vaccine and provide to foreingers in Thailand?
Theoretically, yes. Private hospitals can buy licensed COVID19 vaccine and distribute in private sector. Unforutnately, as you know, now all countries, all government want to buy vaccines in big lots (10+ millions doeses). The demand is huge. So as you can imagine, big pharmaceutically companys are much more willing to sell millions doses of vaccines to the goverment than 10K or 100K or even 200K doses to private sector. This is one reason why, even private hospitals are willing to pay, to get the vaccine is still not easy.
Apart from that, the rule, regulation and liability of new vaccine are another key factors. In fact, before new vaccine is licensed, it has to pass many processes and take long times (2-5 years) to ensure its safety and efficacy. But we have not much time in COVID19 pandemic. So FDA in many countries has to license and approve the use of new COVID19 vaccine urgently and with some conditions such as for public health authorities use only, or for emergency use only, etc. That means this COVID19 vaccine is not for general use right now, so this is another reasons why private hospitals in many countries are not allowed to buy and provide vaccines to their patients.
6. I'm an expat living in Thailand, so how I can get the COVID19 vaccine?
Unfortunately, right now there is no easy way to get the vaccine if you are non-Thais. Ones may prefer to wait and see, and that's ok. We believe that in the future, you can get this vaccine in Thailand. Unfortunately, no one can predict when. By the way, there is another way if you do not want to wait, you can choose to fly back to your home country to get the vaccine and fly back to Thailand. We do see many expats choose this way.
Likewise, we did see some Thais living abroad, choose to fly back to Thailand to get vaccine here, because they are not eligible to get the vaccine abroad. And that's understanable. All countries always give priority to their own citizen first.
7. Does Thai Travel Clinic plan to provide COVID19 vaccines for foreingers?
Absolutely, our goals is to provide best medical care to Thais and foreigners. And we believe that vaccine is the key to control the outbreak. So we try very hard to buy COVID19 vaccine for foreingers in our hospital. Unforutnately, at this point, the priority of vaccine is still for Thais. Anyway, once global supply of vaccine is not tight, we will buy it and will provide COVID19 vaccine to foreigners.


text:
- Tracing and reunion of separated family members must be organized as quickly as possible;
- Refugees must be able to send and receive mail.
24. Procedures for the reunion of refugee family members separated during flight or within the country of asylum should be agreed with the authorities and implemented as soon as practicable. Tracing programmes should be set up and co-ordinated in the country of asylum, country of origin and regionally. At camp or local level, simple and effective tracing mechanisms include posting lists of names with photographs on the community notice boards in different locations, using the radio, or even making announcements by megaphone. The tracing arrangements must be widely promulgated; a central contact point in each site is likely to be needed. Tracing is a delicate task, and has to be organized by people who have the necessary experience and skills. A suitably experienced agency may be needed to implement these activities. Tracing requires the involvement of the refugees themselves, who will play a key role. The local population and authorities can also play an important role. Confidentiality of information and protection of individuals is also essential.
25. Consider the causes of separation when establishing tracing systems. Separation may have been caused by large scale population movements but may also have been due to other factors such as children opting to leave their families, or placement of persons outside their family for survival purposes. Outsiders, often relief workers, may have removed a child from an apparently dangerous situation, without informing the family and without proper documentation.
26. The following actions should be taken:
Organize tracing and reunion of separated family members as quickly as possible, giving first priority to unaccompanied minors and other extremely vulnerable individuals;
Combine a variety of systems: on the spot tracing, use of community mechanisms and formalized tracing at a regional level;
Coordinate activities with agencies having expertise, e.g. the ICRC. Note that ICRC procedures, using the national Red Cross or Red Crescent societies, can be lengthy but may be the most appropriate for difficult cases;
Ensure regional standardization of registration systems;
Set-up a communication network in the community including a mailing system. A properly organized exchange of news (Red Cross messages) may considerably diminish the workload of a tracing service and accelerate the reunion of family members. Refugees have the right to send and receive mail.


text:
knell •\ˈnel\• noun and verb
noun: the sound of a bell rung slowly to announce a death or a funeral or the end of something
verb: ring as in announcing death
verb: make (bells) ring, often for the purposes of musical edification
The word knell has appeared in 144 New York Times articles in the past year, including on May 19 in "American Accents Being Heard on the Malecón" by Victoria Burnett:
Across the bay, the sea-crossing theme continues at a wide-ranging Cuban show at the 18th-century fortress of San Carlos de la Cabaña. Hanging in a room are life-size sharks in human clothing, and the detritus of a shipwreck. It is the work of Alexis Leyva Machado, known as Kcho (pronounced catch-oh), whose small bronze bird pounds its beak against a propeller hanging from a rope, ringing an endless knell, next door.
Click on the word below to map it and hear it pronounced:


text:
The Weakest Failure Detector for Non-Blocking Atomic Commit
This paper addresses the question of the weakest failure detector for solving the Non-Blocking Atomic Commit problem (NBAC) in a message passing system where processes can fail by crashing. We define a failure detector, denoted by X, which we show to be sufficient to solve NBAC with a majority of correct processes. Then we give an algorithm which, no matter how many processes may crash, uses any failure detector that solves NBAC to emulate X, i.e., we prove that \X is also necessary for solving NBAC. The result was obtained concurrently and independently by Hadzilacos and Toueg.
Record created on 2005-07-13, modified on 2016-08-08