Tuesday, November 22, 2011
Class: How to write in your siddur
Why use a siddur
1. Talmud Yerushalmi, Berachot 2:4
2. Tosefta Shabbat 13:4
3. Rambam, Mishneh Torah, Hilchot Tefilah 4:19
4. Pri Megadim, Orach Chaim 53 Mishbetzot Zahav 15
5. Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 96:2
Our problems: Fixed text; Blob of text; Familiarity
6. Mishnah Berachot 4:4
רבי אליעזר אומר העושה תפלתו קבע אין תפלתו תחנונים
7. Talmud, Bava Batra 164b-165a
8. Rambam, Moreh haNevuchim 3:51
Writing in a siddur?
9. Mishneh Berurah 96:9
10. Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 90:23
Practical tips
1. Mark phrases for special concentration
2. Mark structural/poetic elements that provide greater meaning
3. Add wake-up calls
4. Mark lines requiring explanation
5. Write in food for thought
Writing notes
1. Pencil, small marks, change them regularly
2. Spread marks throughout the various prayers
3. Be ready to replace your siddur
4. Don't distract from the davening
 1. Moradik!!!
 Please post the link when this is online (and maybe even the full source sheet).
 2. I use these with my students. _URL_
 Each color flag means something different. Green is congregational singing. Yellow is silent/individual. Red is repeat. You can make notes on the flag without having to write in the siddur itself.
 We also do a lot with post-it notes.
 3. Cool. So you are the one responsible for all the yidden with flags in their siddurim and machzorim.
 Actually I currently use thoses flags to highlight the order of notes that I make in seforim.
 4. One of my first Bar Mitzvah students used my transliterated siddur for his preparation and for the service, and I still have his notes, highlighting, etc. throughout the service. I can't really pray from it anymore because it's distracting, but I love it and it will always be a memento of his Bar Mitzvah. He had post-its and tabs in addition to the notes and highlighting.
 I later started working for a synagogue here that doesn't allow students to make any marks in their books.
 My own siddur has tabs and very light pencil marks.
 5. Left Wing Modern Orthodox: 79%
 Right Wing Modern Orthodox: 75%
 Left Wing Yeshivish/Chareidi: 36%
 Right Wing Yeshivish/Chareidi: 15%
 I don't know why it called me orthodox at all. Maybe because I see the Talmud as a source of value and morality.
 6. Morah BetsyGood system! In this class I'm going for writing to add meaning/inspiration, but that does sound like a good way to handle the basic need for "What am I supposed to be doing here?"
 7. NeilIt's now on-line; I'd love your feedback!
 8. Will listen as I prepare the mashed potatoes in the AM. Thanks!
 9. Interesting.
 I've gone through phases. Depending on different things going on, where I'm holding [as the torah true say], what siddur is my Siddur Du Jour etc.
 First and foremost, again depending on the siddur: marking sheva na/nach and kamatz gadol/katan. That's the first thing I used to do soon as I'd crack the spine.
 In my zealot days, I'd photocopy things missing from the Siddur Du Jour. Anim zemirot from the Siddur HaGra, for instance. Tefillat Leshlom hamedinah missing from almost every siddur.
 I'd photocopy those charts of interruptions, when you can say amen, etc. at which parts of davenen.
 I'd mark things like in Az Yashir, which pesukim are said in the special trop. Mark the trop for the kedushah in yotzer or. I used to be a real zealot.
 Mark certain tefillot where acharonim advise special attention, and the merits of special attention: yehi kavod, aleinu etc.
 Word counts. Word counts in the amidah for each brachah. Numbering shem Hashem in the amidah, or in yehi kavod, or in baruch Hashem or in az yashir etc.
 Marking certain kabbalistic roshei teivot, phrases where the roshei teivot had significance. I was a little kabbalist in my heyday. Marking the 15 vav's for example in emet veyatziv.
 Notes to remember the 6 zechirot in Ahavah Rabbah. Notes to remember the aseret hadibrot in shema.
 Notes for halachic stuff, like not to say the tamid before alot, or hanotein lasechvi vinah.
 There's no end.
 With regard to the comments above about post-it flags, this online shiur about post-its on shabbat might be interesting to some:
 10. Wait, Melech -
 "In your zealot days"? When did those end?
 11. Great stuff, Rabbi.
 I'm curious, though: in the context of your shiur, did you differentiate between doing this as preparation for tefillah vs. during the tefillah itself?
 I used to use an Artscroll siddur until I realized that I was going through the commentary when I was supposed to be davening. That was mussar in itself.
 12. Shmuel, that's why I predict taht after this shur is listened to by the masses, we'll all go out and buy the Birnbaum! It has no commentary and pleny of room to write it.
 It will be a retro revolution!
 13. Shmuel-
 I believe in only minimal notes - underlines, circling, asterisks. Maybe a word or two to hint at a greater idea.
 I do think it's worthwhile to make a note like that during davening (although not the Amidah), if it will enhance the experience.
 14. I finished the shiur tonight and actually went through mussaf for Rosh Chodesh tonight and started underlining certain things. For me it was less daunting to start w/ the amidah then starting at the beginning of the siddur.
 The shiur was great, but please post the link to the "book review lady". I found the suggestions practicle and your "program" really does allow for one to personalize the set tefillos. The actual workshop examples, like "Baruch She'ehmar" and "Ashrei" were helpful.
 Post importantly, just making an attempt to make notes on davening allows me to REALLY take time to read tefillos.
 15. Just finished the shiur tonight.
 I thought it was great, but would like the link for the "book review lady". I actually sat down and went through mussaf for Rosh Chodesh and made a few notes and did some underlining. It seemed less daunting to do this than actually start at the beginning of the siddur (for now).
 I thought the suggestions in the shiur to be practicle and loved the short workshops on "Baruch Sheh'ehmar" and "Ashrei".
 I think think the best part, for me, of attempting to write in my siddur is the fact that I will ACTUALLY have to think about the tefillos.
 16. Hi Neil,
 Thanks for your comments! The book reviewer is in Source 11 on this post.
 17. Thanks. That makes sense, seeing how I listened finished the shiur tonight and saw your sources last week.


text:
In design, the bathroom has transformed from a purely functional space to a luxurious oasis. The walk-in shower symbolizes luxury and tranquility. This comprehensive guide delves into the aspects of designing a walk-in shower with a focus on selecting the right materials for walls and floors. We'll explore factors like durability, aesthetics, and maintenance while also exploring the trends in materials and flooring options. Our goal is to help you create a walk-in shower that seamlessly combines style and functionality.
Factors to Consider When Choosing Materials;
Sturdiness; Withstanding the Elements
The foundation of a lasting and sturdy walk-in shower lies in choosing materials that can withstand exposure to moisture, temperature changes, and everyday use. In our examination of durability, we'll delve into how different materials react to weather conditions.
Porcelain and Ceramic Tiles; Engineering Excellence
Ceramic and porcelain tiles are highly praised for their ability to resist moisture while maintaining their appeal.
Understanding the manufacturing processes used to create these tiles is crucial. These tiles acquire an impermeable structure through high-temperature firing, which makes them resistant to water penetration. In this section, we will delve into the science behind this process, shedding light on how it enhances the durability and longevity of the tiles while also providing water resistance.
Moreover, we will explore how these tiles withstand usage by examining factors like colorfastness and scratch resistance. The aim is to provide an explanation for why ceramic and porcelain tiles remain choices for walk-in shower walls due to their durability and aesthetic appeal.
Aesthetics; Blending Style with Substance
A walk-in shower goes beyond being a space; it makes a statement about your personal style. That's why aesthetics play a role in selecting materials that do not endure but also enhance visual attractiveness. Our exploration of aesthetics will encompass cutting-edge styles, innovative layouts, and the timeless charm offered by materials.
Porcelain and Ceramic Tiles; Beyond the Basics
Ceramic and porcelain tiles serve as canvases for creativity, offering more than practicality. This section will extensively examine the multitude of design options presented by these tiles.
Let's explore how these traditional materials are continuously adapting to suit design preferences, incorporating mosaic patterns and creating a spacious feel with large format tiles. By familiarizing yourself with the variety of colors, textures, and finishes, you'll be able to make decisions that enhance the charm and uniqueness of your walk-in shower.
The beauty of stone lies in its geological features. In this section, we'll delve into the qualities of stones like marble, granite, and travertine. We'll also provide guidance on selecting a stone that perfectly complements your design preferences. Beyond durability, we'll discuss how organic veining, color variations, and finishes contribute to establishing a timeless and sophisticated ambiance in your walk-in shower.
While it's important to maintain the appearance of your walk-in shower, we understand that constant upkeep can be burdensome. Therefore, we will explore cleaning and maintenance considerations with an emphasis on materials that are long-lasting, sanitary, and easy to maintain.
Ceramic and porcelain tiles are renowned for their hassle-free maintenance characteristics. This section will delve into why these tiles are so easy to clean and wipe down.
Let's explore the benefits that can help prolong the lifespan of your walk-in shower, such as their resistance to mold and mildew and their easy maintenance. We will also discuss the importance of selecting the grout and innovative grout technologies that make upkeep even simpler.
Dealing with Natural Stone; Finding Balance Between Care and Beauty
While natural stone offers beauty, it requires an approach to maintenance. In this section, we will clarify the care needed for stone, including the importance of sealing it to protect against water damage. Understanding these requirements will enable you to make decisions and maintain the elegance of your walk-in shower through proper care.
The Ultimate Goal; Understanding Maintenance, Durability, and Aesthetics
Our investigation into maintenance, durability, and aesthetics aims to provide you with an understanding of how each aspect influences your choice of materials for your walk-in shower. Achieving a long-lasting setting goes beyond selecting materials that initially look great.
Popular Materials for Walk-in Shower Walls
Ceramic and porcelain tiles are widely recognized as go-to options when it comes to walk-in shower materials in the industry.
Their enduring popularity can be attributed to their longevity and adaptability. Let's delve into the production techniques that make these tiles resilient and examine how they maintain their appeal when exposed to water. We'll explore the evolution of porcelain tile design, showcasing the options they offer for walk-in shower walls.
For those who desire a touch of nature and timeless elegance, natural stone surfaces are a choice for walk-in shower walls. In this section, we'll delve into the wonders of stones such as travertine, granite, and marble. Understanding the qualities and maintenance requirements of each stone will help you select one that perfectly aligns with your design vision and lifestyle.
When it comes to practicality, acrylic and fiberglass panels take the stage. This section will focus on the effective design and lightweight nature of these materials. Not only are they affordable, but they are also easy to install. We'll shed light on the design possibilities offered by acrylic and fiberglass panels proving that you can achieve both functionality and style without compromise.
Moving on to walk-in shower flooring options, it's worth noting that porcelain and ceramic tiles are not suitable for walls but durable enough for shower floors. This section will cover the aspects of selecting floor tiles for walk-in showers, including factors like slip resistance, texture, and size. We'll discuss technologies that enhance the functionality of these tiles in environments, ensuring that your shower floor not only looks great but also provides a safe foundation.
For those aiming to create an experience in their walk-in showers, pebble and stone flooring can be an excellent choice. We'll explore both the decorative aspects of using these materials, ranging from natural stone tiles to polished river rocks. This section will delve into installation specifics. Highlight how stone and pebble flooring can transform your shower area into a spa retreat.
The emergence of luxury vinyl plank (LVP) has brought about changes in walk-in shower design. In this section, we'll break down the composition of LVP. Discuss how advancements in technology have improved its durability and design options. We'll explore LVPs properties that make them suitable for environments and examine their versatility in achieving various design goals.
The affordability and accessibility of LVP (Luxury Vinyl Plank) flooring offer homeowners options to customize their walk-in showers.
Considerations for Installation;
To ensure a watertight seal, proper waterproofing is crucial when installing walk-in showers. This section explores the science behind waterproofing, discussing methods, materials, and factors that contribute to creating a durable foundation. We provide a guide that explains the importance of waterproofing in preserving the longevity of your chosen materials covering everything from sealants to waterproof membranes.
DIY vs. Professional Installation;
Choosing between DIY installation and professional installation is a decision that greatly impacts the outcome of your walk-in shower project. This section examines the pros and cons of each option while offering a cost comparison. We discuss the required level of expertise for materials challenges, with DIY installations and situations where hiring a professional is advisable. By sharing real-world examples and insights from professionals, we aim to equip you with the knowledge to make a decision based on your project's scope and personal preferences.
In summary, finding the perfect walk-in shower involves more than choosing the materials. It's a process that requires balancing practicality, aesthetics, and durability. This book aims to be your companion on this journey by providing knowledge, thoughtful advice, and practical suggestions to help you design a walk-in shower that not only looks great but also enhances your everyday bathing experience.
As you explore materials, flooring options, and installation factors, remember that the ideal walk-in shower is a sanctuary where form and function unite. Every decision you make impacts the overall experience, from the type of tiles adorning your walls to the texture of the floor. The materials you choose set the stage for a shower that goes beyond being merely functional; they transform it into a haven. Let your choices reflect your vision of a walk-in shower – whether you prefer the timeless beauty of stone, the adaptable modernity of luxury vinyl plank, or the traditional charm of ceramic tiles.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) Section
Q1; Do stone walls. Flooring make good choices? Is it maintenance?
A: To keep natural stone looking its best, it requires care. This involves sealing the stone and following recommended cleaning routines. Regular maintenance, like resealing, may be necessary to ensure the longevity of stone surfaces.
Q2: Can luxury vinyl plank handle be exposed to water in a shower?
A: Yes, luxury vinyl plank is designed to be water-resistant. Can withstand the moisture levels found in a walk-in shower. It's important to install it and seal the joints properly for performance. Additionally, selecting an LVP product specifically made for areas enhances its durability and water resistance.
Q3; How do I decide between porcelain tiles for my shower?
A: When choosing between porcelain tiles for your shower, consider factors such as desired aesthetics, budget, and location. Porcelain tiles are denser and more durable, making them suitable for both walls and flooring. Ceramic tiles offer a range of design options at a cost but may be better suited for wall applications in areas with less foot traffic.
Q4; Can I install flooring on my own?
A; Installing flooring requires careful consideration of the substrate using appropriate adhesives and meticulous placement of individual pebbles.
While it is possible for individuals to attempt DIY installation of flooring, it is highly recommended that they hire an installer. Professionals possess the expertise to ensure a level surface and proper waterproofing, resulting in an appealing and long-lasting pebble floor.
Q5; What is the average lifespan of luxury vinyl plank flooring used in shower areas?

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Hematite Iron ore beneficiation process flow
The haematite's another name is red iron ore,and its chemical structural formula is Fe203. it's a weak magnetic iron ore and the floatability is better than magnetite. And it is a main material of ironmaking. The main beneficiation process includes:gravity separation,floatation,strong magnetic beneficiation or mix several beneficiation process,and another process is magnetization roasting and then weak magnetic separation. The early haematite beneficiation mostly used the gravity separation process,and the main machines are:jigger,centrifugal separator,spiral chute,spiral washing machine,shaking table etc. Because some other beneficiations's production capacity was small,the grade after processing was low,recovery ratio is low and then was dumped as time goes on. Later as the haematite beneficiation developing,the floatation process ans high intensity magnetization process. It mainly use oxidized paraffinum sodium salt as the collector for floatation and electromagnetic strong magnetic separator as beneficiation equipment for strong magnetic separator. But the others beneficiation technology target were all not good enough. These latest years,the beneficiation process of haematite has developed very well. Especially use the high intensity magnetic separation which is can improve the grade of iron ore concentrate very well,and the recovery of Iron ore concentrate is satisfying.
Other mineral category:
1. Beneficiation process of magnetite ore
2. Beneficiation of hematite iron ore
3. Beneficiation process of tungsten ore
4. Beneficiation process of molybdenum ore
5. Beneficiation process of mirror iron ore
6. Beneficiation process of manganese ore
7. Beneficiation process of Lead Zinc(Zn) Ore
8. Beneficiation process of gold ore
9. Beneficiation process of Fluorite ore
10. Beneficiation process of copper ore
Note:This is just reference,if you want to know more please contact us to get offer and process.


text:
distance to mother unit
The unit of measuring the distance between the present object (daughter) and its mother object.
This feature is present on objects of types subphrase, phrase_atom, phrase, clause_atom, clause.
||distance measured in words|
||distance measured in phrase_atoms|
||distance measured in clause_atoms|
For explanation of what the mother of an object is, see mother. The mother is always a word, a phrase or a clause and we measure distances between mothers and daughters in words, phrase_atoms and clause_atoms respectively.


Contents Page-10 Prev Next Page+10 Index
Pointer / Reference
A pointer or reference is the memory address of the beginning of a record or block of storage, which extends through higher memory addresses. On modern machines, a pointer is 64 bits or 8 bytes (48 bits actually used). On older machines, a pointer was the same size as int, 32 bits, but that can address only 4 Giga bytes of storage. (A byte is 8 bits.)
null is typically represented by a pointer value of 0.
An object or reference type in a language such as Java is also a record, which has as its first item a pointer or other code that indicates its class. In Java, reference types are capitalized, e.g. Integer.
As in this example, a record often contains other pointers. This is sometimes called a boxed integer.


text:
Permaculture Design A step-by-step guide
Permanent Publications 2012 Pbck; 191 pp
UK Permaculture teacher Aranya has produced a new book on Permaculture design. This handy field guide takes you step-by step through all the main skills required of the permaculture designer in one slim volume: observation; surveying mapping and surveying; the client interview; drawing up a design proposal, and how to implement it, and much more besides.
The same topics are covered in other Designer manuals, such as Patrick Whitefield's Earth Care Manual, but this book covers each topic in more detail, with excellent graphics, photos and illustrations throughout.
The sections on surveying and mapping techniques are particularly clear and full of practical advice, including marking contours with an "A-Frame" and full details on measuring a site and making a base-map.
I could have done without the section at the end on "Designing zone zero zero" which strays into the territory of personal developmentan entirely different subjectbut I would certainly recommend it as a practical how-to guide for the student designer, and the the experienced will also find it a valuable addition to their knapsack. Also promises to be hugely valuable as a teaching tool.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
If you are looking for a way to automate SFTP transfers in a shell script, then this article is for you. We will show you how to use the expect command to automate SFTP tasks in a shell script. Expect is a tool for automating interactive applications such as SFTP, FTP, Telnet, SSH, etc.
The expect command waits for the user to enter a specific string of characters. It then sends the specified string to the program. In this way, you can automate any interactive application.
The following is a simple expect script that automates the SFTP task of downloading a file from a remote server.
# Connect to remote server
spawn sftp user@remote_server
# Wait for password prompt
# Send password
# Wait for sftp prompt
# Send get command
send "get file_to_download.txt\r"
# Wait for download to complete
In the above script, we first connect to the remote server using the spawn command. We then wait for the password prompt and send the password. Next, we wait for the sftp prompt and send the get command to download the file. Finally, we exit the SFTP session.
You can also use the expect command to automate other tasks such as uploading files, changing directories, etc.
Other related questions:
How Pass password in SFTP command line?
_EMAIL_'s password: ********
How do I automate a SFTP file transfer?
There are a few different ways that you could automate a SFTP file transfer. One way would be to use a tool like WinSCP which has a scriptable command line interface that you could use to automate file transfers.
Another way would be to use a tool like PuTTY which also has a command line interface that can be used to automate file transfers.
Finally, you could also write your own script or program to automate file transfers using the SFTP protocol.
How do I SFTP a Unix shell script?
log into the server via SFTP
enter the desired directory
upload the shell script
To run the script, use the "execute" command:
How do I get SFTP username and password?
There is no definitive answer to this question as it depends on your particular SFTP server setup. However, you can typically find this information in the documentation for your SFTP server, or by contacting your SFTP server administrator.
- Automate SFTP using shell script with password in Linux/Unix
- How to run the sftp command with a password from Bash script?
- How to make the script automated to take password on its own?
- Sftp script to transfer files in Linux with password – Fedingo
- Sftp connection with password – The UNIX and Linux Forums
- How to automate sftp file transfers using expect utility
- How to automate sftp and remote shell calls? – Super User


text: (1)Cutting function of oscillation tool It can cut many different materials (such as corrugated paper, cardboard, offset paper, grey board, rubber,honeycomb board, PP,PE,PVC, gasket, leather,carpet and mat ) (2)Folding function: It can fold corrugated paper, card paper and offset board into perfect folding line. (3)Function of dotted line: It is used to fold them after half cutting corrugated paper and grey card paper, and to cut dotted line. (4)Location: Location with laser. (5)Drawing function It can draw various high precision drawing cutting materials: corrugated board, foam, PVC, styrene, Coroplast, Celtec, magnetic film, adhesive vinyl, leather, rubber, fabrics, high intensity reflective films, paper, cardboard, polystyrene, magnetic films, vinyl etc. (6)Punching function: It can punch hole on the material, such as leather,carton, pvc, carpet and mat,etc.


Putnam County Sheriff's Deputies Trained to Administer "Narcan"
Narcan trainingNarcan training
Putnam County Sheriff Donald B. Smith reports that he has instituted a new life-saving program within the Sheriff's Office. The Sheriff's Office is the first law enforcement agency in the county to receive Narcan training. Each sworn member of the department is receiving training in administering Naloxone, commonly known as Narcan, by Thomas Lannon and Robert Cuomo, certified instructors from the Putnam County Bureau of Emergency Services.
Narcan is a special narcotic drug that reverses the effects of other narcotic substances to include heroin. It is often used to treat drug overdose or diagnostic narcotic drug addiction. Previously, Narcan was only allowed to be used by paramedics or physicians because it is a prescription drug. However, now emergency first responders can be trained to carry and administer the drug to combat the epidemic of opiate-related deaths in our area.
Narcan nasal atomizers have the amazing ability to reverse heroin effects within seconds, returning an overdose victim to alertness, immediate sobriety, normal heart rates, and normal breathing as if there was nothing wrong with the individual. Narcan has reportedly been used as an antidote in emergency situations helping to immediately counteract potentially fatal health emergencies such as stroke or heart attacks as well.
"Many times the window of effectively using Narcan may only be a few minutes. Since law enforcement's primary existence is to protect and save lives, common sense dictates that our deputies, investigators and corrections officers are trained and equipped with Narcan," said Sheriff Smith. "Patrol deputies and emergency medical service providers are often the first to render first aid to overdose victims. Once the training is completed, each deputy will be able to administer this life-saving drug to those in need – which is crucial in saving lives," he concluded.


text:
As I am writing this, we are part way through the process of making new releases of the D-Cubed Components. The 2D products (2D DCM, PGM) have just been shipped and the 3D products (3D DCM, AEM, CDM, HLM) will follow soon. In these releases, 2D DCM and 3D DCM have both been extended to add direct support for new types of geometry.
Full details of all the enhancements will be announced in due course, but in this post I would like to talk in more general terms about why it is important for geometric constraint solvers to support a wide range of geometry types.
For many years, the 2D DCM and 3D DCM have included ways to represent the geometry types found in most CAD models even when no direct support is available. There are two methods that can be used to do this. Firstly, there is support for NURBS curves and surfaces which can be used to represent many types of geometries. Secondly, there is support for general parametric curves and surfaces, where the DCM will call evaluator functions provided by the application in order to get position and derivative information.
These features are very powerful, but over time direct support for many extra geometry types has been added to the D-Cubed products. The main driver for this has been the growing use of parametric design and variational modelling methods, including direct modelling, and the desire to get the optimum results with a wider range of model data.
So, what are the advantages for users and application developers of direct support for specific geometry types in the D-Cubed geometric constraint solvers? This is what I think are the most important benefits:
The overall message is clear – in the field of constraint solving, special-case methods which rely on a knowledge of the geometry types are preferable to generic methods. The generic representations have their place, but CAD models are usually dominated by geometry of known types. The more the software understands about these, the better able it will be to give users the results they want.
In future posts I'll talk about the specific new geometry types which have been added to the 2D DCM and 3D DCM, and the benefits that these bring to users.
Follow these topics: General


Haptics effects in Qt
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This article shows how to provide haptic feedback to users (either through vibration or audio) using the Qt Feedback API. This could be used in games or UIs to improve the user experience.
Reasons: hamishwillee (02 Mar 2012)
Article Metadata
Created: lpvalente (23 Nov 2010)
Last edited: hamishwillee (11 Oct 2012)
Before we start
First of all, it's important to understand the concept of actuators. An actuator is a device responsible for providing tactile feedback. It's like a tiny motor that produces a physical effect to a command sent by our application.
The Feedback API abstract those devices through the QFeedbackActuator class. Those devices are identified by the id() and have a name(). Please see QFeedbackActuator for the complete documentation.
The actuators are capable of providing different effects. For example, on the Nokia N8 the actuator named "Touch" is capable of providing feedback when the user touches the screen. The actuator named "Vibra" is the one that works when producing vibration (like the one that occurs when the phone is ringing). To know which actuators exists in the device, the API provides this method:
QList list = QFeedbackActuator::actuators () ;
With that list in hand you are able to query which actuators you can use.
Making it vibrate
Now we're going to show how to make the phone vibrate. The API provides a class named QFeedbackHapticsEffect that abstract the concept of "feedback effect".
How it works
The effect is composed of three parts: start, middle, and end. The start part is called "attack", and the end part is called "fade". The API provides methods to configure all those parts. The end result is that the total time the effect lasts is "attack" + main part + "fade". Let's see an example:
QfeedbackHapticsEffect effect;
effect.setIntensity (0.5);
effect.setDuration (1000);
This piece of code configures the effect to last for 1 second (1000 ms) and have an intensity of 50%. The intensity is a number between 0.0 and 1.0, with this last value meaning "full intensity". The method start() starts playing the effect, and stop() is used to stop playing it.
What about the actuators?
The device plays the effect using one of its actuators. In the example, it uses the "default actuator". In the N8, this happens to be the "Touch" actuator. So, how can we make the device vibrate? We need to change the actuator!
// get the actuator list
// get the Vibra
QFeedbackActuator * vibra = 0;
foreach (QFeedbackActuator * a, list)
if (a->name() == "Vibra")
vibra = a;
// if vibra is not found, you device does not have it
if (vibra == 0)
// handle error
// let's change the actuator
effect.setActuator (vibra);
And that's it.
How about the other parts of the effect?
Use the following methods from QFeedbackHapticsEffect to change the other two parts of the effect. By default their duration is zero milliseconds.
 - void setAttackIntensity (qreal intensity)
 - void setAttackTime (int msecs)
 - void setFadeIntensity (qreal intensity)
 - void setFadeTime (int msecs)
Short example
Our example uses this user interface:
Haptics effects in qt fig 1.jpg
It has two button and a plain text box.
Here's our Widget.h file:
_TAG_ WIDGET_H
_TAG_ WIDGET_H
_TAG_
_TAG_
_TAG_
using namespace QtMobility;
namespace Ui {
class Widget;
class Widget : public QWidget
explicit Widget(QWidget *parent = 0);
void put(const QString & msg);
public slots:
void startClicked();
void stopClicked();
Ui::Widget *ui;
QFeedbackHapticsEffect rumble;
_TAG_ // WIDGET_H
We need to include the files for the actuator and feedback effect. The classes of Qt Mobility are under the QtMobility namespace. We are declaring it in the file for convenience. The public slots are connected to the button events. The put() method is a convenience method to print text in the text box.
Now here is the implementation file:
_TAG_ "widget.h"
_TAG_ "ui_widget.h"
// convinience method to print text
void Widget::put(const QString & msg)
Widget::Widget(QWidget *parent) :
ui(new Ui::Widget)
// connect signals and slots
// here we list which actuators are there on the phone
put (QString ("num actuators: %1").arg(list.count()));
QFeedbackActuator* vibra = 0;
// now we pick the vibra actuator
foreach (QFeedbackActuator* a, list)
put (a->name());
if (a->name() == "Vibra")
vibra = a;
if (vibra == 0)
put ("vibra not found");
delete ui;
void Widget::startClicked()
void Widget::stopClicked()
Finally, here's the.pro file:
QT += core gui
TARGET = FeedbackDemo
SOURCES += main.cpp\
HEADERS += widget.h
FORMS += widget.ui
CONFIG += mobility
MOBILITY = feedback
symbian {
TARGET.UID3 = 0xeb02a514
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text:
Image of the solar corona, taken by the SECCHI outer coronagraph (COR2) on the STEREO Ahead observatory
Back To Table
color on the difference image indicates the position of the leading edge.
color on the difference image indicates an approximate outline to the leading edge that was created using a segmentation technique.
Time_Diff - The time difference used in making the running difference image.
PAs - The position angles detection, each pair represents the starting and ending position angles of a CME.
Height - The height of each CME detection in the current frame corresponding to each position angle pair.


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Why is there no reactionary international theory?
MacKay, Joseph; LaRoche, Christopher David
Why is there no reactionary international theory? International relations has long drawn on a range of traditions in political thought. However, no current, or even recent, major school of international-relations theory embraces reactionary doctrine. This is more surprising than some might assume. Reaction was once common in the field and is now increasingly common in world politics. In this note, we define reaction and show that no active and influential school of international-relations...[Show more]
CollectionsANU Research Publications
Date published: 2018-06
Type: Journal article
Source: International Studies Quarterly
DOI: 10.1093/isq/sqx083
Access Rights: Open Access
File Description SizeFormat Image
MacKay and LaRoche Why Is There 2018.pdf285.4 kBAdobe PDFThumbnail


text:
This article needs additional citations for verification. (August 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The Formula language is a scripting language used by Lotus Notes. It is often referred to as _USER_ language (pronounced at-formula) because many language elements start with the @-character. Here is an example of a selection formula:
SELECT _USER_ = "NT0050D26"
It was created by Ray Ozzie during the early development of Lotus Notes. He borrowed the compiler and decompiler from the Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet, but unlike the spreadsheet language Formula Language was designed primarily for string and list processing, not numerical processing. It was originally a Functional programming language with unique text list-handling features inspired by Ray Ozzie's prior use of Icon and Lisp.
The Formula language has two parts:
- _USER_ for calculations and simple logic
- _USER_ for performing actions in the user interface
_USER_ can be used in several places throughout Lotus Notes. The most important uses are:
- to select documents to show to the user in a view (a kind of index) or to select documents for further processing. In this case, the formula will evaluate to a 'true' (selected) or 'false' value (not selected) for each document.
- to provide default values for fields, to transform the data entered by the user (like stripping off redundant spaces) and to validate this data.
- to get a list of values from a Notes database or even from a relational database (using ODBC). This may be used to provide a user with a list of values to choose from.
- to process a set of documents. The formula is placed in an agent, a program or macro that can be started by a user or by the Notes server according to a schedule. When the agent is triggered, the formula executes for each selected document (this a very limited form of a loop). This is an efficient way of changing lots of documents, if the logic is not too complicated. In case of complicated changes, LotusScript is used.
_USER_ are like menu commands: they perform actions in the Lotus Notes client. Examples of actions are:
- opening a Notes database
- creating an e-mail
- putting the cursor in a specific data-entry field
- closing a window
- starting an agent
_USER_ are primarily used in formulas that are triggered by user action, such as in button formulas. It is possible to combine them with _USER_, for example by making execution of an _USER_ conditional on a field value.
- Damien Katz (January 4, 2005). "Formula Engine Rewrite". Personal blog. Retrieved September 30, 2016.
- "Enhancements to the formula language in Domino 6". IBM. November 4, 2002. Archived from the original on October 22, 2012. Retrieved September 30, 2016.


The Cavern's Wise Woman: The Bear Goddess
cavernreviewTitle: The Cavern's Wise Woman: The Bear Goddess
Publisher: Spero Publishing
Author: Anne Welch
Pages: 90 pp
Price: $10.99 (paperback)/$3.99 (ebook)
ISBN: 978-_PHONE_ (paperback)/ 2940033057634 (ebook)
There are very few books in pagan and polytheist studies that deal exclusively with bears — or, to be specific, the Bear Goddess. While there are a great many deities and heroes associated with bears — Artemis comes to mind, and Arthur, and Artio (and see what those names all have in common?) — none of them were actually considered a bear deity. (To find one of those, you have to go halfway around the world from Europe in search of Nanuk, the Inuit polar bear god.) But the traces exist, embedded deeply across European and northern Asian prehistory, mythology, and linguistics, indicating the long-ago worship of just such a deity.
Anne Welch has done a masterful job of digging out these ancient fragments of lore, drawing on cave drawings, archaeological finds (including the discovery in France of a perfect circle of cave bear skulls that most specialists in Paleolithic archaeology possess cult significance), and linguistic roots. She melds these fragments with her own personal gnosis, based on years of practice, worship, and work. Her book discusses Arta, the ancient bear goddess of healing, metallurgy, herbalism, and magic, detailing the prayers and rituals she has created for Arta, as well as other facets of this goddess' nature.
Arta, Welch points out, is a goddess so old that almost all traces of her have been lost; she may have been worshipped since Paleolithic times, and subsequent religious practices by European cultures as they grew more civilized may have displaced or destroyed almost any record of her save the paintings and remains found in the caves in Switzerland, Slovenia, Germany, and France.
A note: strict reconstructionists will point out that this book contains far more personal gnosis than historical fact. While it is true that the historical record is, of course, silent on the existence of this particular goddess, much less any recorded human worship of her, the book is less about facts that may only be verified in history books and museums, and more about building a personal religious practice through communication with the deity in question, an understanding of the context in which such worship might historically have appeared, and a willingness to see the patterns in the recorded religious beliefs of other ancient cultures that bear (pardon the pun) a distinct familiarity to what Welch is sharing here. She points out possible links to other gods and goddesses such as Artemis and Odin, and suggests it is possible that some of the gaps we have in our knowledge of pre-Christian history might well be filled in with Arta and other deities like Her.
In the end, it is worth noting that all modern, non-indigenous (Hindu, Shinto, African and Chinese folk/tribal religions) polytheistic traditions are composed mainly of two things: our knowledge of the historical facts, and our personal experience with the gods, spirits, ancestors, and heroes we are honoring. The only difference between the worship of Arta and any of these other traditions (including heathenry, Hellenic paths, Celtic traditions, and so on) is the proportion of historical facts to personal experience; in some traditions, the history outweighs the personal experience, and in others — such as the worship of Arta — the opposite might seem to be true.
What is also true is that historians, archaeologists, and other scientists are constantly discovering new pieces of our myriad ancient cultures to add to the puzzle that is what we know so far. It is, of course, highly unlikely that we will ever have every piece in the puzzle, but there is nothing to say that someone, in the not too distant future, might find such historical evidence to lend more factual weight to the worship of Arta, and I sincerely hope that that day might come soon; adding that knowledge to what we already have can only serve to deepen and broaden the vast tapestry of polytheistic history, further confirming the richness of the religious practices and beliefs of those cultures.
The Cavern's Wise Woman: The Bear Goddess is not a book for everyone, but for those with an interest in potential European religious practices, a love of bears, or just an abiding curiosity, they could do far worse than to invest in a copy and open their minds, hearts, and spirits to the roar of the Bear Goddess.
[Jennifer Lawrence likes the fey and the strange, which explains most of her friends. Her interests include gardening, herbalism, mythology and fairy tales, theology, Celtic music, role-playing games, horror movies, and the martial arts. Her work has appeared in numerous publications, including AphelionJabberwocky 4Cabinet Des FeesGoblin Fruit, and the Bibliotheca Alexandrina anthology Unbound: A Devotional Anthology in Honor of Artemis. She lives somewhere near Chicago.]
7 thoughts on "The Cavern's Wise Woman: The Bear Goddess"
 1. i am wishing to buy The cavern's wise woman:the bear goddess.. could i have an address?
 - huldra.witchcraft said:
 hello I'm an Italian pagan girl I'm researching the bear figure and the gods connected to him. I would like to know if after all the time the book is still available.. I am trying to understand why the bear figure has entered my spiritual path
 2. Stephanie said:
 HI The book is not available through either Amazon or Barns & Noble. Can you tell me how to get a copy?
 - Hhmm. Yeah, I've looked around, and it does not even seem to be available through the publisher's site anymore. You might try contacting the folks at Spero Publishing; they might be between print runs or planning a revised edition.
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Topic: Laser communication with Arduino (Read 1 time) previous topic - next topic
Some time ago, I constructed a small unidirectional communication system using a laser. I connected an Arduino to a laser, and other Arduino to a LDR sensor. The laser sends pulses of light, the other Arduino receives. The Arduino that emits, is connected to a netbook, and receiving Arduino is connected to a desktop computer. In the video you can see when I send the string "hola laser" (hello laser) from the netbook to the desktop.
Greetings! Sorry for the language of the video!
Interesting,looks like its working on a slow morse speed.Can you tell me more about it?
Whats the code look like and what sort of speeds of modulation and demodulation are plausible?
Go Up


text:
Crypt of Civilization
The Crypt of Civilization, a multimillennial time capsule, is a chamber that was sealed behind a stainless steel door in 1940 at Oglethorpe University in Atlanta. The crypt is the "first successful attempt to bury a record of this culture for any future inhabitants or visitors to the planet Earth," according to the Guinness Book of World Records (1990).
Origins of the Crypt
Oglethorpe University president Thornwell Jacobs (_PHONE_), in an article in the November 1936 Scientific American magazine,
Jacobs proposed the distant date of A.D. 8113 for the opening of the crypt. He calculated this date from the first fixed date in history, 4241 B.C., when the Egyptian calendar was established. Exactly 6,177 years had passed between 4241 B.C. and A.D. 1936. Jacobs projected the same period of time forward, arriving at 8113 for the crypt's opening, so that historians and archaeologists of the distant future could obtain a clear picture of the midpoint of history.
The Crypt of Civilization idea fascinated the American public and soon was imitated. The Westinghouse Company, which was planning a promotional event for the 1939 New York World's Fair, began a project to bury a sealed seven-foot-long torpedo-shaped vessel made of alloyed metal, which was not to be opened for 5,000 years. George Pendray of Westinghouse called the project a time capsule, and the English language gained a new term almost overnight.
Construction and Preparation of the Crypt
The Oglethorpe crypt is half underground, on the lower level of a Gothic granite building,
The National Bureau of Standards in Washington, D.C., provided technical advice for construction of the crypt and the storage of items in it. The bureau recommended that many items be stored in stainless steel receptacles lined with glass and filled with nitrogen to prevent aging. It also approved Jacobs's plan to seal the chamber with a door panel of stainless steel.
Jacobs appointed Thomas Kimmwood Peters to supervise construction of the crypt and to serve as its archivist.
In April 1937 Jacobs gave a nationwide radiocast on NBC in New York City, in which he explained the crypt as an "archaeological duty" of his generation.
Filling and Sealing the Crypt
Jacobs envisioned the crypt as comprehensive and aimed for a whole "museum" not only of accumulated formal knowledge from more than 6,000 years but also of 1930s popular culture. Inside the crypt are stainless steel canisters with microfilms of many classic works of literature, including the Bible, the Koran, Homer's Iliad, and Dante's Inferno. Producer David O. Selznik donated an original copy of the script for the movie Gone With the Wind. There are approximately 640,000 pages of microfilm from more than 800 works.
Peters used similar methods to capture and store still photographs and motion pictures.
The inventory of the crypt includes artifacts ranging from the useful (a typewriter, a radio, a cash register, and an adding machine) to the curious (dental floss, plastic toys of Donald Duck and the Lone Ranger, the contents of a woman's purse, and a specially sealed bottle of Budweiser beer). The chamber of the crypt when finished resembled a cell of an Egyptian pyramid, with artifacts on the shelves and the floor.
On May 25, 1940, Jacobs and Peters sealed the crypt in a solemn ceremony. They welded the door shut and fused onto it a plaque with an elaborate message written by Jacobs.
After the atomic bomb was dropped in 1945 the crypt's mission appeared even more unlikely. National media organizations continued to visit the crypt every decade, but by 1970 it had been virtually forgotten. In 1990, on the fiftieth anniversary of the crypt's sealing, the International Time Capsule Society was formed at Oglethorpe University. The society studies the variety of time capsule projects worldwide. The crypt with its stainless steel door regained prominence during the millennium observances from 1999 to 2001 and was featured on national television and was covered by national newspapers.
Paul Stephen Hudson, "The 'Archaeological Duty' of Thornwell Jacobs: The Oglethorpe-Atlanta Crypt of Civilization Time Capsule," Georgia Historical Quarterly 75 (spring 1991).
Thornwell Jacobs, "Today—Tomorrow: Archeology in A.D. 8113," Scientific American, November 1936.
T. K. Peters, The Story of the Crypt of Civilization ([Atlanta]: Oglethorpe University Press, 1940).
Don Troop, "Time Capsules Resurrect a Sometimes Forgettable Past," Chronicle of Higher Education 54, no. 39 (2008).
Paul Stephen Hudson, Georgia Perimeter State College
A project of the Georgia Humanities Council, in partnership with the University of Georgia Press, the University System of Georgia/GALILEO, and the Office of the Governor.


Q. 134.0( 4 Votes )
At a given temper
Answer :
At a given temperature osmotic pressure is given by a formula i.e.
Where is the osmotic pressure, is the van't Hoff factor, M is the molar concentration, R is the universal gas constant and T is the temperature.
Thus, osmotic pressure directly proportional to the concentration.
For a concentrated solution, the osmotic pressure is greater than the osmotic pressure for a dilute solution.
Thus, Option (i) is the correct answer.
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text:
Abstract: The Good Gambler: State Regulation and Public Debates on Futures Trading in British India and Germany, _PHONE_
Debates about the legitimacy of futures trading were omnipresent in the highly integrated world economy of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. In this paper, we compare those debates in Germany and British India, two countries that were extremely diverse in their economic and political context and in the way they regulated futures trading. Germany was the first country worldwide to ban futures trading in selected commodities, while it remained largely unregulated in British India. Despite the formally different outcomes, we show that the respective debates resembled each other in many ways: in both countries futures exchanges were private organizations controlled by a small and in many ways privileged group of traders. In both countries these minorities were based on social ties and de facto controlled access to futures markets. Both groups were also faced with criticism because they were able to realize profits that a majority of people had no access to. Reviewing the debates we show that the main issue was not the legitimacy of futures trading but rather the distribution conflicts among the various interest groups that were engaged in futures trading.


text:
Heat shrink packing is wrapping the packaging film on the outside of product. After heating, shrink film is tightly wrapped in product or package, which can better show the appearance of the product, improve the sales performance of the product, and also increase its aesthetic value and sense of value. Can be sealed, moisture-proof, anti pollution effect in the goods after heat shrinkable packaging machine packaging, and can protect the goods from external shocks, has some of the buffer, especially when packaging fragile goods, to prevent broken vessels flying. In addition, the possibility of dismantling and stealing of the product can be reduced.
Vacuum packing machine
includes single room, double room, external pumping type, and platform type vacuum packing machine. There are some aspects of vacuum packer that surpass the trend of other similar packing machines. However, all kinds of packaging equipment are actively innovating, and every machine has huge market potential. The vacuum packing machine can automatically extract the air inside the bag, and complete the sealing process after the vacuum degree is reached. It can also be filled with nitrogen or other mixed gases, and then complete the sealing process. Vacuum packer is often used in the food industry, because after vacuum packaging, food can be antioxidant, so as to achieve long-term preservation.
1. The heat shrink packing is designed to cover the outer packaging of the product with a layer of film to the beauty of the body.
2. The vacuum packaging machine
is the vacuum bag inside the air out, to achieve the role of preservation.


text: This paper describes the creation of a hypothetical virtual art exhibit using a virtual environment task analysis tool. The Virtual Environment Task Analysis Tool (VETAT-ART) is a paper-and-pencil tool developed to provide structure and guidance to the needs-analysis process that is essential to the development of lifelike virtual exhibits. To illustrate its potential usefulness, VETAT-ART is applied to the design of a historical art exhibit. The first part of the article draws a general profile of our sample application. It introduces organizational-, user-, and task-related factors typically collected when designing or modifying most computer-based systems. The second part of the paper presents the user and task requirements unique to the creation of a virtual environment. Task requirements determine the contents of various storyboards and draw the architecture of the environment. Storyboards describe the images, sounds, sensations, and scents to be found in individual galleries. The architecture establishes a sensible order in which the galleries may be accessed. User requirements determine the human sensory, cognitive, and ergonomic needs relevant to the key activities museum visitors are expected to perform. Activities include visualization and inspection, exploration, and the manipulation of virtual artifacts. Eight goal-categories define user requirements. Visual, auditory, and haptic requirements are determined by humansensory issues. Features relevant to memory capacity, information load, and mental models describe cognitive issues. Physical and physiological considerations are determined by human ergonomics. The third section of the paper suggests usability goals and possible measures of success. In conclusion, limitations and potential extensions of the tool are discussed.


Did you know?
notam - definition and synonyms
What are red words?
 1. From our crowdsourced Open Dictionary
 notice to airmen; an official announcement circulated to the aviation industry warning them of new high structures, such as cranes, that are being built
 If you want to erect a crane in London of any significant height... there is something called a Notam (Notice to Airmen)... it's a known value that the crane is there, they don't just erect them.
 Submitted from United Kingdom on 16/01/2013
BuzzWord Article
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the activity of exploring abandoned buildings and other manmade structures
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Macmillan learn live love play


text:
Exploring Haifa's National Maritime Museum: A Tribute to Israel's Rich Maritime Heritage
Nestled in the heart of Haifa, Israel, the National Maritime Museum stands as a testament to the country's profound connection to the sea. With its captivating exhibits and immersive displays, the museum offers a unique and enriching experience for visitors seeking to delve into Israel's maritime history.
As one of the most prominent maritime museums in the Middle East, the National Maritime Museum showcases the nation's seafaring legacy, paying homage to its maritime pioneers, ancient trade routes, and naval accomplishments. Let us embark on a virtual journey through this remarkable institution and explore the wonders it holds within its walls.
- Ancient Maritime Trade: Step back in time and explore the fascinating trade routes that connected Israel to the ancient world. From Phoenician traders to Roman merchants, the exhibits shed light on the pivotal role Israel played in global commerce.
- Naval History: Delve into Israel's naval history, from its early days to modern times. Learn about the Haganah and Palmach naval units' significant contributions during the struggle for Israeli independence and the subsequent establishment of the Israeli Navy.
- Ship Models: Feast your eyes on a vast collection of meticulously crafted ship models, showcasing vessels from various eras. These intricate replicas offer a glimpse into the evolution of naval architecture and the diverse types of ships that have sailed the Mediterranean.
- Marine Archaeology: Discover the secrets hidden beneath the ocean's depths through the museum's marine archaeology section. Unearthed artifacts, shipwrecks, and captivating stories of underwater exploration provide insights into Israel's underwater heritage.
- Interactive Simulators: Brace yourself for a thrilling ride as the museum offers state-of-the-art simulators that allow visitors to experience the adrenaline of naval battles and rescue missions. These interactive exhibits provide an immersive and educational experience for all ages.
The National Maritime Museum in Haifa stands as a beacon, illuminating Israel's rich maritime history and its enduring relationship with the sea. Through captivating exhibits, detailed ship models, and interactive simulators, visitors gain a deeper appreciation for the nation's maritime achievements.
Whether you are a history enthusiast, naval aficionado, or simply curious about Israel's past, a visit to this museum is an absolute must. The National Maritime Museum not only showcases Israel's seafaring heritage but also serves as a crucial educational hub, inspiring future generations to embrace and cherish their maritime legacy.
So, plan your visit to Haifa's National Maritime Museum and embark on an extraordinary journey through time, where the captivating stories of Israel's maritime past come to life.
Sunday: 10am – 4pm
Tuesday: 10am – 4pm
Wednesday: 10am – 4pm
Thursday: 10am – 6pm
Friday: 10am – 2pm
Saturday: 10am – 4pm
:How to get there
198 Allenby Boulevard, Haifa


text:
Model CB-08-P - Single Bar Sickle Mower
Aim of the cutting process: green feed plants can be cut to precisely the size you want; harvesting can be completed with minimum loss and optimum speed. This is how the sickle moves to perform the cutting. During this process, the working length is 76.2 mm for long guard and 50.8 mm for short guard. The machine's cutting can change according to different types of plants. The guards have been hot forged. Even if the Baran sickle bar mower with its modern and well-designed construction, is used for many years,it still guarantees perfect performance. The Baran sickle bar mower is a three-point linkage mower attached to the lower links and to the upper link bracket of the tractor. An efficient cut can be applied for cutting lentils, chickpeas, trefoil and meadow with this machine. It offers the following advantages:
- Cleaner cutting and the crop doesn't get broken by this machine. The machinery mows the crops without spoiling.
- Feed plant doesn't get dirty with this machine.
- An automatic system prevents failures occurring if some unexpected hits happen during the cuting process. It Works without vibration.
- The machinery works with high capacity and at high speed.


their length. Patient questions were divided into quartiles each containing 25% of the messages (Table 4). This confirmed that for most of the questions, the effect of question length on answer time was negligible. The answer time was 2.1 minutes (95% CI 1.9–2.3) for the shortest 25% of questions and 2.4 minutes (95% CI 2.2–2.7) for the longest 25%.
Time physicians spent answering patients' questions by question length
Patient question length Number of answers Physician answer time in minutes (95% CI)
Quartile Number of characters
1 0–308 278 2.1 (1.9–2.3)
2 309–398 280 2.3 (2.1–2.5)
3 399–594 277 2.2 (1.9–2.5)
4 595–3315 278 2.4 (2.2–2.7)
Hypothesis B states that the longest questions would consume an unreasonably large amount of physicians' time resources. These questions were defined as being the top 10% of questions (110 questions) with regard to length (>916 characters) (see Table 5).
Time physicians spent answering the longest 10% of patients' questions
Number of questions Patient question (mean number of characters) Physician answer time (minutes)
Shortest 90% of questions (≤916 characters) 1003 420 2.2
Longest 10% of questions (>916 characters) _PHONE_ 2.6
As shown in Table 5, the 10% longest patient questions were approximately 3 times the length of shorter questions (420 characters versus 1300 characters). However, the physicians spent on average 18% more time answering the 10% longest questions (2.6 minutes compared with 2.2 minutes). These results were not in favor of hypothesis B.
The results give mixed support to the hypotheses. As expected, the length of patients' questions predicted answer time, but the analysis also shows that the predictive value is negligible compared with the length of the physicians' answers. We did not find conclusive support for the hypothesis that very long patient messages should have a large effect on physician answer length and answering time. Instead, we observed a modest increase in physician answer length and only a marginal increase in answering time related to extremely long patient questions.
As noted, one of the main reasons physicians are skeptical about electronic communication is the potential for increased workload [12]; for instance, physicians might fear that patients would overuse it or that responding to questions would be time consuming. The results of the current study show, however, that these specific concerns might be unfounded. While it does take extra time to read long questions from the patient, this does not have large effects on the total time used by physicians to answer patient inquiries. In fact, a threefold (300%) increase in patient question length resulted in only an 18% increase in physician response time. Even though the average numbers may support the effectiveness of an electronic communication system, and other studies indicate that responses to email messages do not take more time than responses to nonelectronic patient messages [13], one may still question whether extreme cases will jeopardize these effects in a real-life office setting. Based on the current results these concerns appear unfounded. The average physician response time to a patient message was 2.3 minutes using the systems described in this study. Only 1.5% of questions took more than 10 minutes to answer. When compared against the average consultation time in Norwegian general practice (15–20 minutes) [14], even these unusual cases will have to be regarded as time saving, if the electronic messages substitute patients' office visits [6]. It is, however, unlikely that electronic messages can be a substitute for office visits in a one-to-one relationship. Other studies have shown that electronic messages can replace phone calls [7,8], and it is very likely that electronic messaging will find relevance as a supplement to personal encounters, for instance by recommendation of ethical guidelines [15].
Results from other investigations indicate that patients are willing to adapt to guidelines regarding the focus and content of messages [4], which should help to minimize the potential problem of lengthy patient questions. Obviously, the time-saving potential is highly dependent on electronic messages substituting for patient office visits [6].
This study included a considerable proportion of Norwegian physicians using electronic patient communication at the time the study was performed. It is not self-evident that the result would be valid for all physicians using similar services. An alternative approach would be to select a random sample of all physicians using electronic communication. At the time of the study, only a few Norwegian physicians were offering electronic communication services. A random sample could therefore be biased toward physicians being positive to electronic communication. In some countries, for instance Denmark [1], it has become mandatory for physicians to offer electronic communication services. In such contexts, a similar study based on random selection would be feasible.
The current study does not involve analysis of the content of the messages. The main challenge in doing this would be that it would require written consent from every patient. However, a prior study in similar populations has shown that only a small proportion of these messages are used for simple administrative purposes such as scheduling [11]. Instead, the majority of the patient messages are concerned with health-related questions, and requesting prescriptions, test results, and documentation for medical leave.
The average time spent answering messages might be influenced by factors such as workload and reimbursement policies. This limits the external validity of the current results. However, the investigated relationships between variables (eg, that the length of patients' messages had limited impact on the answer time), rather than their absolute values, are much more likely to also be valid in other cultural contexts.
Studies have demonstrated how email and electronic messaging systems can be used to promote balanced and patient-centered communication [16], in support of clinical decision making [17-19]. We believe the results reported here further extend the clinical usefulness of electronic communication between patients and health care providers by demonstrating the potential for saving time.
This study was supported by a grant from Helse Nord RHF. Thanks to Gro Berntsen, Trine S Bergmo, and Ellen Ersfjord for various contributions to this project.
None declared
Kummervold PE Chronaki CE Lausen B Prokosch HU Rasmussen J Santana S Staniszewski A Wangberg SC eHealth trends in Europe 2005-2007: a population-based survey J Med Internet Res 2008 10 4 e42 10.2196/jmir.1023 _PHONE_ v10i4e42 PMC2629359 Wallwiener M Wallwiener CW Kansy JK Seeger H Rajab TK Impact of electronic messaging on the patient-physician interaction J Telemed Telecare 2009 15 5 243 50 10.1258/jtt.2009.090111 _PHONE_ 15/5/243 Patt MR Houston TK Jenckes MW Sands DZ Ford DE Doctors who are using e-mail with their patients: a qualitative exploration J Med Internet Res 2003 5 2 e9 10.2196/jmir.5.2.e9 _PHONE_ PMC1550557 White CB Moyer CA Stern DT Katz SJ A content analysis of e-mail communication between patients and their providers: patients get the message J Am Med Inform Assoc 2004 11 4 260 7 10.1197/jamia.M1445 _PHONE_ M1445 PMC436072 Caffery L Smith AC Scuffham PA An economic analysis of email-based telemedicine: a cost minimisation study of two service models BMC Health Serv Res 2008 8 107 10.1186/_PHONE_-8-107 _PHONE_ _PHONE_-8-107 PMC2413229 Bergmo TS Kummervold PE Gammon D Dahl LB Electronic patient-provider communication: will it offset office visits and telephone consultations in primary care? Int J Med Inform 2005 09 74 9 705 10 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2005.06.002 _PHONE_ S1386-5056(05)00066-3 Liederman EM Lee JC Baquero VH Seites PG Patient-physician web messaging. The impact on message volume and satisfaction J Gen Intern Med 2005 01 20 1 52 7 10.1111/j._PHONE_.2005.40009.x _PHONE_ JGI40009 PMC1490042 Lin CT Wittevrongel L Moore L Beaty BL Ross SE An Internet-based patient-provider communication system: randomized controlled trial J Med Internet Res 2005 7 4 e47 10.2196/jmir.7.4.e47 _PHONE_ v7i4e47 PMC1550679 Visma Unique AS 2009 2011-08-25 Online Kontakt med Helsepersonell 61CuvtTe0 DIPS ASA, Profdoc Norge AS 2011 01 18 2011-08-25 minDoktor.no 61Cuxev47 Kummervold PE Trondsen M Andreassen H Gammon D Hjortdahl P [Patient-physician interaction over the internet] Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 2004 10 21 124 20 2633 6 155346


text:
- of or resembling a tooth; toothlike.
Origin of odontoid
Examples from the Web for odontoid
Historical Examples of odontoid
The first vertebra has nothing of the nature of an odontoid process.The Vertebrate Skeleton
Sidney H. Reynolds
The odontoid process of the axis is still more concave than in Poebrotherium, but not spout-like as in existing forms.
The odontoid process of the axis vertebra is somewhat cheese-taster shaped, as in recent Artiodactyles.
Odontoid process of second vertebra semi-cylindrical; skull with a sagittal crest; and the condyle of the lower jaw rounded.
Change of form of the odontoid process of the second or axis vertebrae from a cone to a hollow half-cylinder.
- of or relating to the odontoid process
- Shaped like a tooth.
- Of or relating to the odontoid process.


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Incremental Replanning for Mapping
Maxim Likhachev* and Sven Koenig**
*Carnegie Mellon University, **Georgia Institute of Technology
Incremental heuristic search methods can often replan paths much faster than incremental or heuristic search methods individually, yet are simple to use. So far, they have only been used in mobile robotics to move a robot to given goal coordinates in unknown terrain. As far as we know, incremental heuristic search methods have not yet been applied to the problem of mapping unknown terrain. In this paper, we therefore describe how to apply our incremental heuristic search method D* Lite, that combines ideas from Lifelong Planning A* and Focussed D*, to mapping unknown terrain, which is rather nontrivial. We then compare its runtime against that of incremental search and heuristic search alone, demonstrating the computational benefits of their combination. By demonstrating the versatility and computational benefits of incremental heuristic search, we hope that this underexploited technique will be used more often in mobile robotics.


IBM System Automation for z/OS 4.1 Architecture (SM917G)
This course introduces and explains the System Automation for z/OS (SA z/OS) components, architecture, and concepts. Focus is on the System Operations component with Processor Operations as an optional topic. It is a prerequisite for attending the operations or admin classes.
This course does not include labs.
For information about other related courses, see the IBM Security Systemseducation training paths website:
This course is designed for users of IBM System Automation for z/OS, especially operators, administrators, and system programmers. It is the required prerequisite course of all other IBM System Automation for z/OS courses and should be attended first.
Before taking this course, you should have basic skills in z/OS and NetView. You should also complete these courses:
 - IBM Tivoli NetView for z/OS 6.1 Fundamentals (TZ203G)
 - IBM Tivoli NetView for z/OS 6.1 Automation (TZ213)
The learning objectives are to get the required knowledge to attend the System Automation for z/OS operations or admin classes:
Purpose and features
Major components
Architecture and design of the System Operations component
Policy-based automation and concepts
Goal-driven automation
Describe the IBM System Automation for z/OS 4.1 Architecture
Describe the components of the product
Describe the product's automation capabilities
Describe policy-based and goal-driven automation
Describe the automation agent role and operation
Describe the automation manager role and operation
Explain the key automation concepts
Describe goal-driven automation
Explain the automation statuses and their effect on automation
Describe automation policy for applications
Describe resource dependencies and relationships
Provide an overview of application groups
Explain automation flags, threshold processing, and notify operators
Explain threshold processing for major and minor resources
List transient resource automation
List MVS automation
Describe resource relationships details
Explain the request process
List and describe factors that can influence goal-driven automation
List types and natures of application groups
Explain behavior or attributes of application groups
Describe architecture including implementation options
Explain usage and operator interface
Describe automation policy
mostrar detailes
Course Outline
IBM System Automation for z/OS 4.1 architecture
Architecture and concepts
Processor operations


Fermilab's Search for Axions
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© Fermilab.
The GammeV experiment at Fermilab, shown here with two project scientists, is designed to detect axions. The experiment is an opportunistic use of a large magnet—the red rectangular object in the photograph—originally designed to be used in the Tevatron. The GammeV team realized that they could use the magnet to create axions, as it is theoretically possible for a photon from a laser beam in a strong magnetic field to turn into an axion. The scientists shine a green laser down the hollow center of the magnet and look for axions appearing at the other end of the experiment. (Unit: 10)


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The Chief Procurement Officer Agenda:
Creating transformative value in 2024 and beyond
With 2024 around the corner, Chief Procurement Officers (CPOs) are busy strategizing and planning for the upcoming year's goals and action items, while trying to successfully close on the current year's objectives. The current macro-environment has affected the role, responsibilities, and priorities of the CPO, increasing their team's expected contributions to the businesses' bottom line. Competing priorities that CPOs must manage include cost savings, operational efficiency, emerging technologies, supply chain resilience, and sustainability, among others.
In this Featured Insights, ProcureAbility shares its views on how CPOs can methodically and intentionally address their current challenges while laying the foundation for transformative change in 2024 and beyond.


Intel gives away lip-reading speech recognition code
Lip service
Intel has released lip-reading visual speech recognition software under an open source licence.
Called Audio Visual Speech Recognition (AVSR), the software is part of Intel's OpenCV computer vision and facial recognition code library. Essentially, it tracks the speaker's mouth movements as individual character and syllable sounds are formed. Intel reckons the technique to be far more accurate than traditional speech recognition algorithms, which analyse sounds rather than images.
That's not to say the results are perfect, and Intel's announcement implies that the system works better when coupled with facial recognition to identify 'known' speakers. Indeed, Intel's web site shows that the best results can be achieved with a mix of video and audio recognition algorithms, the one giving weight to the choices made by the other, particularly as the levels of background noise increase.
The code was developed by Intel's Research subsidiary, part of whose remit is to develop applications that make the most of mainstream PCs' processing power. In other words, Intel is developing code that helps encourage users to upgrade to more powerful chips, ideally - and given chip makers' relative market shares, almost certainly - those made by Intel.
It's motives may not be entirely philanthropic, but at least Intel is giving the code away with a minimum of restrictions. ®
Related Links
Intel's AVSR page
Intel's OpenCV page
Sponsored: Are DLP and DTP still an issue?


SAP Knowledge Base Article - Public
_PHONE_ - You Are Not Able to Change the Tax Amount in an Invoice
You are not able to change the Tax Amount in an Invoice.
SAP Business ByDesign
Reproducing the Issue
 1. Go to the Customer Invoicing work center.
 2. Select the Invoice Requests view.
 3. Select the respective Invoice Request and click on the Invoice button.
 4. In the New Invoice navigate to the Pricing tab.
 5. You can see that the Tax Amount cannot be changed.
It is not possible to maintain only a total tax amount for the entire customer invoice.
The total tax amount at the document level of the invoices is calculated aggregately i.e. by adding up individual item level tax amounts (calculated depending upon the tax rate, tax type, and tax rate type) and then rounding off that sum to relevant decimal places (as per that currency).
Tax rates are fixed to the selected tax codes which are then used to calculate the tax. The tax amount cannot be changed manually as it is calculated by the system.
 You can adjust tax codes that are determined in order to receive a different tax rate, depending on country specific requirements. However a manual change of the tax amount within the document is not possible.
This is the expected system behavior.
See Also
Blog: Rules of Tax Difference Distribution in SAP Business ByDesign
Tax Amount; Change; Manually, KBA, SRD-CRM-INV, Customer Invoicing, Problem
SAP Business ByDesign all versions


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Auto Accidents and Red Lights Can Cause Personal Injury
Cars running red lights or failing to halt at a stop sign are just a few of the leading causes of traffic accidents that occur every day. If you have been injured and are facing extensive medical bills and loss of income as a result of an auto accident that resulted from another driving running a red light, personal injury attorney Chris Olsen is trained to seek the maximum compensation you deserve. We routinely handle cases that involve auto accidents and red lights on a regular basis at Olsen Law Offices for clients in the San Diego, CA area.
Causes of Red Light Auto Accidents
Recent research has shown that drivers running red lights are responsible for two million auto accidents each year. Of those accidents, 700,000 injuries and 8,000 fatalities occurred. Although distracted driving plays a role in causing traffic accidents, the most common causes of red light auto accidents include:
- Drivers who are texting or talking on their cellphone
- Drivers who are intoxicated
- Drivers who are in a hurry, impatient, or recklessly driving
- Drivers who speed up at an intersection when the light changes yellow
- Drivers who tailgate
- Drivers who are distracted by any number of things (cellphone, children, GPS, eating, etc.) and fail to notice the light changing
- Environmental factors, such as blinding sun, rain, snow, or fog
Who Is Most Likely to Cause a Red Light Accident?
Although anyone is susceptible to causing a red light accident, research has shown that there are a variety of characteristics commonly seen in drivers who are prone to cause red light auto accidents, such as:
- Inexperienced or uneducated drivers
- Male drivers
- Young drivers
- Repeat offenders with prior speeding or DUI/DWI convictions
- Reckless or impatient drivers
- Unlicensed or uninsured drivers
What to Do after An Accident
The moment the accident occurs, it's important to dial 911 so the appropriate emergency services are available to help with your accident. Having an EMT and policeman available will allow the appropriate documentation to be made, as well as ensure medical attention is delivered.
Red light accidents can result in:
- Brain injuries
- Spinal cord damage
- Permanent nerve and muscle injury
- Broken bones
- Lost wages
- Inability to work
- Temporary or long-term disability
When any of the above occurs and the other driver is at fault, you are legally allowed to seek compensation. Although insurance companies often handle such cases, unfortunately, drivers do not always receive the coverage they deserve. Attorney Chris Olsen will open an investigation and meet with doctors, witnesses, and carefully review the police reports and pictures taken to ensure you receive maximum compensation for what you or your loved ones has lost, especially in accidents that resulted in fatalities.
Contact Us Today
If you have been injured as a result of a negligent driver or have a loved one who has been fatally injured, attorney Chris Olsen can seek adequate compensation for medical bills, personal injury, property damage, pain and suffering, and lost wages. Contact our law office today online or by calling _PHONE_ to schedule a meeting with Chris Olsen.


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Culture - Day 2 grades K-3 learning activities
These activities will help youth build awareness and learn to identify city resources. They can be done alone, but work best with friends over a video chat such as Skype, Zoom, Facetime, etc.
Trivia question: In what year did Calgary become a city?
A) 2000 B) 1899 C) 1950 D) 1894
- Take a deep breath in and squeeze your fists as tight as you can.
- Hold it for 5 seconds.
- Blow all the air out through your mouth and shake your hands and arms as fast as you can.
- Pencil Crayons
- Give your child a piece of paper and pencil
- Have your child divide the sheet into four sections (they can fold the paper or draw lines).
- Help them write 4 of their favourite places in Calgary (one in each section).
- Have them draw each place.
- Share the drawings with family members and see if anyone else has the same favourite places.
Using household items, have your child build their very own skyscraper at home! See how tall they can make it and imagine what it would look like in downtown Calgary.
If they want to and have enough supplies, build more skyscrapers to make their own downtown.
- Pencil crayons
- Markers and/or crayons
For this activity, have your child draw a map of their dream city.
They can draw buildings, stores and houses like they see in Calgary. They can also make up amazing new attractions, like a chocolate fountain or a sledding race course.
Have them name their new city. How many people live there? What do people do for fun? Are there any special events or festivals?
Ask your child:
- What's your favourite thing about Calgary?
- What makes Calgary special?
- How can you make Calgary an even better place?
Mindfulness Activity: 1894. Calgary is 126 years old!


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Jazz Hands Jo Folk Art Acrylic Painting "Sweeter Things In Life"
Jazz Hands Jo (American, 21st century)
Sweeter Things In Life
Acrylic on canvas
Signed to the lower left
Inscribed to the verso
Certificate of authenticity from artist included
Jazz Hands Jo's (nom de plume) is a nomadic folk painter who grew up in rural areas throughout the United States, from western deserts to southern marsh. While meeting many other artists on her travels, Jazz Hands gained her name by quickly catching on to the skill of painting from her peers. Now a recluse, the artist uses painting as a method of connecting to her roots. Her paintings may present themselves as naive or child-like, however, they are often metaphors of her beliefs. Following her faith, Jo uses anthropomorphic imagery to speak to her audience through acrylic paintings.
- no condition details to note.


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Evolution Characteristics of the Kurtosis Parameter on a Distorted Cat's Eye Effect Reflected Beam
Y-Z. Zhao, H-Y. Sun and Y-H. Zheng
Based on the definition of second order moment, fourth order moment and the approximate three-dimensional analytical formula for oblique laser beam passing through a cat's eye optical lens with centre shelter, the analytical expression of kurtosis parameter of the cat's eye effect reflected light under far field condition has been deduced. Evolution characteristics of kurtosis parameter affected by the incident angle, back backhaul transmission distance, focal shift and centre shelter ratio are performed by numerical calculation, and analysed physically. The results show that the reflected beam at the return place changes from a leptokurtic beam into a mesokurtic beam along with the increase of the incident angle. Only when the focal shift and incident angle are all very small, the kurtosis parameter at the return place has a large value and the reflected beam has a leptokurtic profile. These evolution characteristics of kurtosis parameter can be used to classify the distorted reflected beam.
Keywords: Laser optics, cat's eye effect, kurtosis parameter, evolution characteristics, reflected beam, incident angle, focal shift


Don't forget to wash your cantaloupe
Here are the details on the listeria outbreak and recall of cantaloupe by the Colorado-based Jensen Farms.
I never washed the outside of my cantaloupe before slicing it until I learned that you should a few years ago. Just a reminder the next time you're slicing up some of the fruit. The contaminates can be brought from the rind onto the flesh of the melon by the knife you use to slice it.
Jennifer Gish
2 Responses
 1. Mommy Dearest says:
 That's good advice. I never thought about washing a banana before peeling it until I saw someone doing it. Imagine how many hands could have touched it before you did.
 2. luvpudders says:
 My teacher used to wash ALL fruit with soap and water. Supposedly, there are harmful ingredients on just about all fruit. I'm not sure what's on a banana, but I believe it's along the same lines (bacteria, etc.).


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become easier to access
Example: In the last 20 years China has opened up to international trade.
For more meanings of the phrasal verb open up
, follow the link.
To go on to something is to progress.
Example: He went on to university and then became a teacher.
A stepping stone is a stage of achievement or an event that leads on to something else.
Example: Doing a postgraduate honours year is a stepping stone to a PhD.
et cetera; and so on; other things like that
Example: I like driving anything fast - motorbikes, speedboats and that.


Nov 26, 2020 in Law
UV and IR Photography in Forensic
The use of photography is documenting a crime scene or recording an autopsy procedure is increasingly becoming an integral part of forensic investigation processes. Besides witness statements, the physical evidence collected from crime scenes and reposts made by crimes scene investigation, infrared and ultraviolet photography techniques are used to provide a detailed and accurate account that is unalterable. In many criminal cases, photographic evidence is critical for both defense and prosecution counsel. Additionally, photographic evidence is often used to display or reconstruct the nature of crime scenes to crime scene investigators who could not make it to the actual scene. This paper explores the application of infrared (IR) and Ultraviolet (UV) photography in forensics.
Type of assignment
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The documentation of physical evidence through forensic photography is one of the integral aspects of crime scene investigations. Ensuing analysis of photographs taken from crime crimes, gunshot wounds, bite marks, trace evidence and autopsy procedures among others often produces clues investigators can use effectively to reconstruct some of the events of an incident under investigations, or yield enough evidence to gain a conviction at trial. Conventional photography documents images in the visible light spectrum, and often records images on digital file or film visible to the human eye. In that regard, traditional photography limits the use of photography in documenting the evidence essential to reconstruct facts of a given case. For several years, forensic photographers have come up with various specialized techniques for documenting critical evidence, especially under challenging situations. Infrared (IR) and Ultraviolet (UV) photography can be applied in various scenarios to produce results that are often limited by traditional photographing techniques in the visible light spectrum. The interest behind the exploration of the application of UV and IR photography in forensics pertains to their capability to document injuries due to biochemical and biological changes that arise after injuries. The subsequent subsections explores the application of UV and IR photography in forensics
Read also: "How to Write a Film Review"
UV Photography Application
Photographic accuracy in cases involving bite marks is vital to an investigative process because the bite mark may be the only evidence linking a suspect to the crimes under investigation. For this reason, the push to use superior photographic technique is unavoidable in the investigative process. Ultraviolet radiation has been used to improve the visibility of old wounds, bruising and bite marks has been documented in various studies. Documenting bite marks and bruises through UV photography requires specialized UV components. However, acquiring the necessary ultraviolet forensic photography equipment can be taxing. This implies that the digital camera used for this purpose must either be designed or modified with ultraviolet acquisition in mind. Another important point to highlight regarding UV photography is that better results are influenced by the power of the light source. In other words, there is a need for a more powerful light source for illumination during ultraviolet imaging. In contrast to alternate light imaging (ALI) and IR, ultraviolet images depict the surface disruption of the human skin when the UV imaging technique is used to document bite marks.
Adequate examination of injuries of victims of violence, both deceased and living, is vital for the reconstruction of suspected criminal incident. The use of medical reports by the prosecution counsel on injuries are evidence demands a detailed description and accurate interpretation of the reported injuries. The prosecution counsel faces difficulties, especially when there is lack of visibility of the reported injuries. Difficulties may be due to, for instance, a bruise in a yellow appearance or due to healing of the injury. Additionally, even the most recently caused bruise might also be invisible at the surface of the skin. As an area of interest, improving the visibility of injuries that are often not visible to the naked eye is vital in gaining a detailed and accurate documentation of injuries reported by a victim of violence. To recap, prints or documented images of UV photography appear as regular black and while photos. However, after the development of reflected UV photography film, they can be made into enlargements or slides. The use of UV photography in forensics can greatly improve an investigation by illustrating an outline of a weapon that caused an injury and show history of injuries.
IR Photography Application
The use of infrared-aided photography has been documented, especially in the detection of gunshot residues in fabrics. Accurate photographic recording of a crime scene is an important pillar of any effort into the collections of evidence, especially when it applies to documenting gunshots injuries or fatalities inflicted during crimes of violence. For IR photography, a source of the infrared radiation is mandatory. Many alternative light source systems are equipped with IR components. However, most of the contemporary flash units emit visible, IR and UV light. This makes it possible to apply IR techniques in bother laboratory and field environments. Additionally, advances in photographing technologies has resulted in digital imaging options for forensic photographers in both environments. Infrared photography techniques can be used to examine document forgeries and alternations. Differentiating between visibility identical pigments and inks is characterized by observing any slight difference in the way they absorb or transmit IR radiation. Infrared luminescence and reflected photography is also used to reveal printing and writing under obliterations on important physical documents. Furthermore, illegible worn, aged or charred documents can be rendered legible in IR photographs.
The physical properties of fabrics and the dyes used in the same cloth affects the manner in which IR radiation is absorbed or reflected. Reflected IR can be useful in forensic investigations where there is a need to differentiate between clothing fabrics that are visibly similar in visible light, yet they are actually different. One of the intriguing application of reflected IR photography pertains to the reduction of background on fabric that are either dark or with busy pattern to display the presence of stains. In that regard, substances such as gunshot residues or blood patterns can be revealed in scenarios where conventional photographic techniques are limited. Gunshot residue is also revealed using IR reflected photography. In addition, a fabric with visibly dark or busy pattern is often rendered as a less distracting pattern or a single pattern; hence, revealing any important detail hidden from the unaided eye. Another intriguing application of IR photography relates to the documentation of injuries and biomedical uses. IR energy can penetrate the human skin 3 millimeters deep. In addition, IR energy is absorbed by blood. According to Broux, McCaul and Shimamoto, these aspects are exploited to show details 3 millimeters below the human skin. Reflected IR and reflected UV photographs can be used to show the details below a victims skin surface and details on the surface of the skin respectively. To that end, bite marks can be documented using reflected IR photography. To conclude, forensic applications of reflected infrared photography include biomedical photography, gunshot residue visualization and bloodstain documentation.
Routine application of infrared and ultraviolet photographing techniques in the not only forensic, but also biomedical fields is not new. Forensic photography is essential in documenting crime scenes, autopsy procedures, bite marks, gunshot wounds, weapons and trace evidence. In line with their efficiency in yielding clues for investigators to use in the reconstruction of facts regarding a particular case, UV and IR photography plays a significant role in helping courts establish the whys and how behind cases. Biting and gunshot injuries might be complex; thus, the collection, analysis and interpretation of evidence must the handled with care irrespective of the forensic photographing technique used. Acquiring reproducible and accurate forensic images is that one of the components of an effective crime scene investigation, but an important one. Therefore, a forensic photographer should be able to employ the most effective protocol to yield the best results.
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This Excel tip shows you how to apply italics formatting using Shortcut keys on the keyboard.
There are two key combinations that can be used to add or remove italics formatting to data:
- Ctrl + " I " keys
- Ctrl + " 3 " keys
Example: Using Shortcut Keys to Apply Italics Formatting
For help with this example, see the image to the right.
- Type some data into a cell, such as E1 in the spreadsheet and press the Enter key on the keyboard.
- Click on that cell to make it the active cell.
- Press and hold down the Ctrl key on the keyboard.
- Press and release the letter " I " on the keyboard.
- Italics formatting should be applied to the data in the cell.
- Press and release the Ctrl + " I " keys again to remove the italics formatting.
Other Keyboard Shortcuts


China & India's Military – Graphic of the Day
China and India have the two largest populations of any country in the world. Today's graphic is a comparison chart of their military. Broken down by army, navy, air force, strategic forces and reserve size, see how these two giant countries manage their armed forces. At the bottom of the graphic is a chart of their military expenditures. Up until the year 2000, both countries had very comparable military spending patterns. However, over the last 12 years, while India's spending has remained relatively constant, China's has increased dramatically and is now over 3 times as large.