Aquilea. Aquilea was created by the Spanish author Francisco Camba and appeared in La Sirena Rubia (1926).
Aquilea is a Femme Fatale. She is Spanish but during World War One she spies for Germany in Galicia, near the harbor of Ria Longa. From there she sends signals to German submarines and manipulates English ship captains into falling in love with her and leaving their ships exposed to the U-Boats.


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can be configured with any view registration mechanism: _USER_ decorator, ZCML, or imperative add_view styles.
Most web applications need to accept form submissions from web browsers and various other clients. In Pyramid, form submission handling logic is always part of a view. For a general overview of how to handle form submission data using the WebOb API, see Request and Response Objects and "Query and POST variables" within the WebOb documentation. Pyramid defers to WebOb for its request and response implementations, and handling form submission data is a property of the request implementation. Understanding WebOb's request API is the key to understanding how to process form submission data.
There are some defaults that you need to be aware of when trying to handle form submission data in a Pyramid view. Having high-order (i.e., non-ASCII) characters in data contained within form submissions is exceedingly common, and the UTF-8 encoding is the most common encoding used on the web for character data. Since Unicode values are much saner than working with and storing bytestrings, Pyramid configures the WebOb request machinery to attempt to decode form submission values into Unicode from UTF-8 implicitly. This implicit decoding happens when view code obtains form field values via the request.params, request.GET, or request.POST APIs (see pyramid.request for details about these APIs).
Many people find the difference between Unicode and UTF-8 confusing. Unicode is a standard for representing text that supports most of the world's writing systems. However, there are many ways that Unicode data can be encoded into bytes for transit and storage. UTF-8 is a specific encoding for Unicode, that is backwards-compatible with ASCII. This makes UTF-8 very convenient for encoding data where a large subset of that data is ASCII characters, which is largely true on the web. UTF-8 is also the standard character encoding for URLs.
As an example, let's assume that the following form page is served up to a browser client, and its action points at some Pyramid view code:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

The myview view code in the Pyramid application must expect that the values returned by request.params will be of type unicode, as opposed to type str. The following will work to accept a form post from the above form:
1 2 3
def myview(request): firstname = request.params['firstname'] lastname = request.params['lastname']
But the following myview view code may not work, as it tries to decode already-decoded (unicode) values obtained from request.params:
1 2 3 4 5
def myview(request): # the.decode('utf-8') will break below if there are any high-order # characters in the firstname or lastname firstname = request.params['firstname'].decode('utf-8') lastname = request.params['lastname'].decode('utf-8')
For implicit decoding to work reliably, you should ensure that every form you render that posts to a Pyramid view explicitly defines a charset encoding of UTF-8. This can be done via a response that has a ;charset=UTF-8 in its Content-Type header; or, as in the form above, with a meta http-equiv tag that implies that the charset is UTF-8 within the HTML head of the page containing the form. This must be done explicitly because all known browser clients assume that they should encode form data in the same character set implied by Content-Type value of the response containing the form when subsequently submitting that form. There is no other generally accepted way to tell browser clients which charset to use to encode form data. If you do not specify an encoding explicitly, the browser client will choose to encode form data in its default character set before submitting it, which may not be UTF-8 as the server expects. If a request containing form data encoded in a non-UTF8 charset is handled by your view code, eventually the request code accessed within your view will throw an error when it can't decode some high-order character encoded in another character set within form data, e.g., when request.params['somename'] is accessed.
If you are using the Response class to generate a response, or if you use the render_template_* templating APIs, the UTF-8 charset is set automatically as the default via the Content-Type header. If you return a Content-Type header without an explicit charset, a request will add a ;charset=utf-8 trailer to the Content-Type header value for you, for response content types that are textual (e.g. text/html, application/xml, etc) as it is rendered. If you are using your own response object, you will need to ensure you do this yourself.
Only the values of request params obtained via request.params, request.GET or request.POST are decoded to Unicode objects implicitly in the Pyramid default configuration. The keys are still (byte) strings.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
the null indicator information in the parallel null structure, then upon object flush the object attributes will be set to
NULL in the database.
If you want to set all of the attributes to
NULL during object creation, you can use the
LNOCI_OBJECT_NEW_NOTNULL attribute of the environment handle using the LNOCIAttrSet() function. When set, this attribute creates a non-null object. That is, all the attributes are set to default values provided by Oracle and their null status information in the parallel null indicator structure is set to
NULL. Using this attribute eliminates the additional step of changing the indicator structure. You cannot change the default values provided by Oracle. Instead, you can populate the object with your own default values immediately after object creation.
When LNOCIObjectNew() is used to create a persistent object, the caller must identify the database table into which the newly created object is to be inserted. The caller identifies the table using a table object. Given the schema name and table name, the LNOCIObjectPinTable() function returns a pointer to the table object. Each call to LNOCIObjectPinTable() results in a call to the server to fetch the table object information. The call to the server happens even if the required table object has been previously pinned in the cache. When the application is creating multiple objects to be inserted into the same database table, Oracle Corporation recommends that the table object be pinned once and the pointer to the table object be saved for future use. Doing so improves performance of the application.
Before you can update an object, the object must be pinned in the cache. After pinning the object, the application can update the desired attributes directly. You must make a call to the LNOCIObjectMarkUpdate() function to indicate that the object has been updated. Objects which have been marked as updated are placed in a dirty list and are flushed to the server upon cache flush or when the transaction is committed.
You can delete an object by calling the LNOCIObjectMarkDelete() function or the LNOCIObjectMarkDeleteByRef() function.
You can control the size of the object cache by using the following two OCI environment handle attributes:
LNOCI_ATTR_CACHE_MAX_SIZEcontrols the maximum cache size
LNOCI_ATTR_CACHE_OPT_SIZEcontrols the optimal cache size
You can get or set these OCI attributes using the LNOCIAttrGet() or LNOCIAttrSet() functions. Whenever memory is allocated in the cache, a check is made to determine whether the maximum cache size has been reached. If the maximum cache size has been reached, the cache automatically frees (ages out) the least-recently used objects with a pin count of zero. The cache continues freeing such objects until memory usage in the cache reaches the optimal size, or until it runs out of objects eligible for freeing. The object cache does not limit cache growth to the maximum cache size. The servicing of the memory allocation request could cause the cache to grow beyond the specified maximum cache size. These two parameters allow the application to control the frequency of object aging from the cache.
Pinning is the process of retrieving an object from the server to the client cache, laying it in memory, providing a pointer to it for an application to manipulate, and marking the object as being in use. The LNOCIObjectPin() function de-references the given
REF and pins the corresponding object in the cache. A pointer to the pinned object is returned to the caller and this pointer is valid as long as the object is pinned in the cache. This pointer should not be used after the object is unpinned because the object may have aged out and therefore may no longer be in the object cache.
The following are examples of LNOCIObjectPin() and LNOCIObjectUnpin() calls:
status = OCIObjectPin(envh, errh, empRef,(OCIComplexObject*)0, OCI_PIN_RECENT, OCI_DURATION_TRANSACTION, OCI_LOCK_NONE, (dvoid**)&emp); /* manipulate emp object */ status = OCIObjectUnpin(envh, errh, emp);
empRef parameter passed in the pin call specifies the
REF to the desired employee object. A pointer to the employee object in the cache is returned in the
You can use the LNOCIObjectPinArray() function to pin an array of objects in one call. This function de-references an array of
REFs and pins the corresponding objects in the cache. Objects that are not already cached in the cache are retrieved from the server in one network round-trip. Therefore, calling LNOCIObjectPinArray() to pin an array of objects improves application performance. Also, the array of objects you are pinning can be of different types.
When pinning an object, you can use the pin option argument to specify whether the recent version, latest version, or any version of the object is desired. The valid options are explained in more detail in the following list:
LNOCI_PIN_RECENTpin option instructs the object cache to return the object that is loaded into the cache in the current transaction; in other words, if the object was loaded prior to the current transaction, the object cache needs to refresh it with the latest version from the database. Succeeding pins of the object within the same transaction would return the cached copy and would not result in database access. In most cases, you should use this pin option.
LNOCI_PIN_LATESTpin option instructs the object cache to always get the latest copy of the object. If the object is already in the cache and not-locked, the object copy is refreshed with the latest copy from the database. On the other hand, if the object in the cache is locked, Oracle assumes that it is the latest copy, and the cached copy is returned. You should use this option for applications that must display the most recent copy of the object, such as applications that display stock quotes, current account balance, and so forth.
LNOCI_PIN_ANYpin option instructs the object cache to fetch the object in the most efficient manner; the version of the returned object does not matter. The pin any option is appropriate for objects which do not change often, such as product information, parts information, and so forth. The pin any option also is appropriate for read-only objects.
When pinning an object, you can specify the duration for which the object is pinned in the cache. When the duration expires, the object is unpinned automatically from the cache. The application should not use the object pointer after the object's pin duration has ended. An object can be unpinned prior to the expiration of its duration by explicitly calling the LNOCIObjectUnpin() function. Oracle supports two pre-defined pin durations:
LNOCI_DURATION_SESSION) lifetime is the duration of the database connection. Objects that are required in the cache at all times across transactions should be pinned with session duration.
LNOCI_DURATION_TRANS) lifetime is the duration of the database transaction. That is, the duration ends when the transaction is rolled back or committed.
When pinning an object, the caller can specify whether the object should be locked using lock options. When an object is locked, a server-side lock is acquired, which prevents any other user from modifying the object. The lock is released when the transaction commits or rolls back. The following list describes the available lock options:
LNOCI_LOCK_NONElock option instructs the cache to pin the object without locking.
LNOCI_LOCK_Xlock option instructs the cache to pin the object only after acquiring a lock. If the object is currently locked by another user, the pin call with this option waits until it can acquire the lock before returning to the caller. Using the
LNOCI_LOCK_Xlock option is equivalent to executing a
SELECT FOR UPDATEstatement.
LNOCI_LOCK_X_NOWAITlock option instructs the cache to pin the object only after acquiring a lock. Unlike the
LNOCI_LOCK_Xoption, the pin call with
LNOCI_LOCK_X_NOWAIToption will not wait if the object is currently locked by another user. Using the
LNOCI_LOCK_X_NOWAITlock option is equivalent to executing a
SELECT FOR UPDATE WITH NOWAITstatement.
Depending upon how frequently objects are updated, you can choose which locking options from the previous section to use.
If objects are updated frequently, you can use the pessimistic locking scheme. This scheme presumes that contention for update access is frequent. Objects are locked before the object in the cache is modified, ensuring that no other user can modify the object until the transaction owning the lock performs a commit or rollback. The object can be locked at the time of pin by choosing the appropriate locking options. An object that was not locked at the time of pin also can be locked by the function
LNOCIObjectLock(). The locking function
LNOCIObjectLockNoWait() does not wait to acquire the lock if another user holds a lock on the object.
If objects are updated infrequently, you can use the optimistic locking scheme. This scheme presumes that contention for update access is rare. Objects are fetched and modified in the cache without acquiring a lock. A lock is acquired only when the object is flushed to the server. Optimistic locking allows for a higher degree of concurrent access than pessimistic locking. To use optimistic locking most effectively, the Oracle object cache detects if an object is changed by any other user since it was fetched into the cache. By turning on the object change detection mode, object modifications are made persistent only if the object has not been changed by any other user since it was fetched into the cache. This mode is activated by setting
LNOCI_OBJECT_DETECTCHANGE attribute of the environment handle using the
Changes made to the objects in the object cache are not sent to the database until the object cache is flushed. The
LNOCICacheFlush() function flushes all changes in a single network round-trip between the client and the server. The changes may involve insertion of new objects

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Design Buzz
Pour Cost: What It Means and Why It's So Important to Bar Profits
What does the term pour cost mean? In this article we'll define the meaning of pour cost and discuss why it's one of the keys to profitability for every bar.
One of the most shocking conversations I have with bar managers is their lack of understanding the meaning of the term pour cost. Worse yet, they've been selected to manage someone else's hard-earned money. This edition of the Design Buzz defines pour cost, how it's calculated, and why this and accurate inventory methods are the keys to bar profitability
Pour cost is a term developed by the hospitality industry and is defined as the amount of alcohol to make a drink to its selling price, and is expressed as a percentage. In reality, this is what's known as ideal pour cost percentage. Many bar owners and managers who are cognizant of the term pour cost, but don't understand its true meaning, often fall into the trap of using percentages they've heard or read. It's not uncommon to hear people say that their pour cost is 30%, without having a clue how it's really calculated. Often times, people simply think that that is the industry standard and they want to be like everyone else! The reality is there is another term that is even more important – actual pour cost, which I'll discuss below. The reason all of this is so important is because it enables you to monitor your true profitability. For now, first things first: let's understand the basics of pour cost.
How to Use Pour Cost to Calculate the Selling Price of Drinks
The way to calculate your ideal pour cost percentage for pricing drinks is a two-step process:
1. Take the number of shots you get out of a bottle and divide that quantity into the cost of the bottle to develop your unit cost.
2. Divide the unit cost by your desired selling price; this is your ideal pour cost.
3. Next you need to decide if you are tracking your ideal pour cost with or without sales tax. You should calculate it without sales tax as you can't keep that money.
A more direct and useful method is to divide the unit cost by the desired percentage; this will tell you your selling price for any given drink. Here's a useful example:
If you get 27 shots out of a bottle (a pour size of 1.25 oz) and the bottle cost is $7.50, then your unit cost per shot is 27.7 cents. If you want a "well" pour cost of 8%, then divide 27.7 by 8%, the desired drink price is $3.46. To develop the actual selling price (with sales tax), simply multiply this result by your state's sales tax. If your state sales tax is 10%, then multiply your desired drink price ($3.46) by 1.10, you arrive at a selling price to the customer of $3.81, which you may wish to round up to $4.00.
As you know, in the bar business we have different value groups and different pricing for each, so it's impossible to make consistent profit margins across the board. Simply stated, the art of upselling is where the greatest profit margins lie in the bar business; I discuss this is greater detail in a previous post in Design Buzz, which you can reference below. According to my good friend and industry expert, Chuck Deibel, among his hundreds of bar clients the ideal pour cost percentages for the various alcohol groups are as follows:
· Well liquor is around 10% or less.
· Call liquor will fetch in the 12% to 18% range.
· Top shelf will be in the high teens to mid 20's and Premium will be in the low-to-high 30's.
Chuck further states, "Depending on product mix and pricing, I see bottle beer anywhere from the mid 20's to mid 30's. Draft beer ranges from the high teens to the high 20's."
Related Posts:
Productive Bar Design: What Are The Most Profitable Drinks?
What Bar Owners Need to Know About Liquor Inventory Control
So far we've discussed the concept of ideal pour cost, and I also alluded to the term known as actual pour cost. Are you aware that over 85% of bar owners are losing 20% of their profits? Folks, this is NOT an infomercial! I know this sounds crazy, but this is a very well documented fact. Chuck Deibel, a CPA having performed thousands of inventory audits over 20 years, stated this in a 2014 State of Ohio Sales Tax Audit, which you can download below. The reason inventory loss runs rampant and undetected is due primarily to two factors:
· Extreme high profit margins cloud the owner's perception.
· The complexity of product mix and product pricing.
To illustrate the latter point, just think about the following:
· The various levels of pricing (well, call, top-shelf, premium, etc.).
· Also consider that you might be selling the same drink at different prices, such as Happy Hour and Daily Specials.
· You serve batch drinks in the form of margaritas, long island ice tea, etc.
Given all of the above, now consider attempting to calculate how much money you should make at the end of one shift. Oh, and by the way, how about those free drinks your bartenders are giving away (to increase their tips) and the over-pouring and other wasteful habits! Can you now tell me how much you should have made last night alone? You see, as a bar owner you are living in a parallel universe:
Not only are many bar professionals unaware of their ideal pour cost, most don't know their actual pour cost – the one that takes all of the above factors into account. There is a difference between ideal pour cost and actual pour cost, and the difference between the two results in the amount of your lost sales and inventory.
According to Deibel, "Many bar operators don't calculate their ideal cost for pricing and most, if not all, don't recalculate it on an ongoing basis. Not doing so can cost you thousands of dollars."
pdfColumbus Bar 1st Audit Report
pdfColumbus Bar 4th Audit Report
Why BevInco Inventory Control Can Help Bar Owners Improve Profitability
So just why is knowing your actual pour cost so important? For one, the odds are that you're amongPhoto of Typical BevInco Audit Report the more than 85% of all bar owners who is losing 20% of their inventory. Worse yet, the stability of your business could become impaled if you are ever audited by your state liquor authority. Although the state allows for shrinkage (according to the above-mentioned state tax audit), it's far less than the amount you are probably losing. The state expect its tax based on the amount of shrinkage they allow, and unless you're up-to-date of your actual pour cost (and tightening your inventory controls), an audit fine of $98,000 is not uncommon, as stated in a previous blog post, referenced below.
There is a routine method of calculating your actual pour cost, and that is a unique service offered by noted industry expert BevInco. BevInco, which operates an international network of factory-trained local dealers, innovated a systematic methodology of helping bar owners calculate their actual pour cost and shrinkage. The mystery of knowing everything about your inventory, shrinkage – and ultimately your actual pour cost – can, in fact, be unraveled. Your local BevInco dealer performs an on-premise inventory service by systematically entering all of your drink and batch recipes into their proprietary software and also weighing all open bottles, batches and kegs. The result computed by the software is the actual pour cost. There is no other way to compute actual pour cost. With BevInco, you get meaningful pour cost information; a sample report (shown above) can be downloaded below. BevInco clients frequently reduce their shrinkage from 20% to 2-3% within the first four months!
As you can see, unless you know exactly what you've sold there is no way of knowing your actual pour cost, and certainly no way of knowing the habits of your bar staff. It's critical to the success of your bar to get in control of your pour cost and inventory.
Related Posts:
Productive Bar Design: State Audit Peace of Mind With BevInco
Easybar Liquor Control Systems for Maximum Bar Profitability
Easy Ice: Ice Machine Subscriptions for Bars & Nightclubs
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In the Library, your Personal folder is the root folder for all your saved content. Within the Personal folder, you can create subfolders to organize your content.
Then, for example, you could publish a subfolder, and know that all content in this subfolder is now available to your organization.
This topic will show you how to create subfolders in your Personal (root) folder, create new subfolders, organize your saved content by moving it into the subfolders, and publish a subfolder.
- In Sumo Logic, go to the Library. All of your saved content is in the Personal folder, and all of its content is displayed in the list on the right, including saved searches, Dashboards, and any installed Apps. Existing subfolders are listed under Personal, such as the Data Volume and Windows App, as shown.
- Create a subfolder by clicking the blue plus sign in the upper right-hand corner of the Library.
- In the Add Folder dialog, enter My Apps, and click Add.
- The new subfolder is added to the folder list.
- For this example, create another subfolder called Errors. It is added to the folder list under Personal.
Move Content into Subfolders
Now you can organize your saved content in the new subfolders.
- In the list on the right, select the Data Volume App. Click the double arrow to the right of the name, and from the menu, select Move.
- In the Move Item dialog, select the My Apps folder, and click Move.
- Do the same for any other Apps you have installed. They will be moved and then appear under the My Apps folder.
- Now move any searches or Dashboards that deal with errors into the new Errors subfolder. (You can tell what the list items are from their icons: a search uses a magnifying glass icon, a Dashboard uses a picture icon, and an App uses a folder icon.)
When your saved content is organized, you'll need to click the subfolder to view its contents in the list on the right.
Publish a Subfolder to Share Content
If for example, you wanted to publish the apps you have installed in order to share them with your organization, you could publish the new My Apps subfolder itself. This way, any app that you install in the future and add to this subfolder would be automatically published and shared with your team.
To publish a subfolder:
- In the Library, under Personal, select the My Apps subfolder.
- Click the double arrow to the right of the folder, and select Publish.
- In the Publish dialog, click Publish.
- The My Apps folder is added to the Org folder, in a subfolder labeled with your name. Now everyone in your organization can access your published content.
In the future, any Apps that you install in this published folder will be automatically published.
If you want to create a folder hierarchy, create the desired hierarchical subfolders and publish the topmost folder. All subfolders will be published with the parent folder.


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|Oracle® Database PL/SQL Language Reference
11g Release 1 (11.1)
|PDF · Mobi · ePub|
In this context, a routine is one of the following:
Top-level (not nested) anonymous PL/SQL block
Standalone, packaged, or nested subprogram
Method of a SQL object type
When an autonomous routine is invoked, the main transaction is suspended. The autonomous transaction is fully independent of the main transaction: they share no locks, resources, or commit dependencies. The autonomous transaction does not affect the main transaction.
Changes made by an autonomous transaction become visible to other transactions when the autonomous transaction commits. They become visible to the main transaction when it resumes only if its isolation level is
COMMITTED (the default).
Signifies that the statement is a pragma (compiler directive). Pragmas are processed at compile time, not at run time. They pass information to the compiler.
Signifies that the routine is autonomous.
You cannot apply this pragma to an entire package, but you can apply it to each subprogram in a package.
You cannot apply this pragma to an entire an object type, but you can apply it to each method of a SQL object type.
Unlike an ordinary trigger, an autonomous trigger can contain transaction control statements, such as
ROLLBACK, and can issue DDL statements (such as
DROP) through the
In the main transaction, rolling back to a savepoint located before the call to the autonomous subprogram does not roll back the autonomous transaction. Remember, autonomous transactions are fully independent of the main transaction.
If an autonomous transaction attempts to access a resource held by the main transaction (which cannot resume until the autonomous routine exits), a deadlock can occur. The database raises an exception in the autonomous transaction, which is rolled back if the exception goes unhandled.
If you try to exit an active autonomous transaction without committing or rolling back, the database raises an exception. If the exception goes unhandled, or if the transaction ends because of some other unhandled exception, the transaction is rolled back.
You cannot execute a
ROW statement in your autonomous routine while your autonomous transaction is open. You must close the autonomous transaction before executing the
ROW statement. This is normally accomplished by committing or rolling back the autonomous transaction before executing the


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If an entity has a foreign key as part of its primary key and you try to query that entity in a subselect clause in DQL, an exception is thrown in ClassMetadataInfo->getQuotedColumnName. The problem seems to be that it's only considering the field mappings rather than both the field and association mappings when it's looking for the correct column name.
- Article(id primary key, title, content)
- ArticleTag(article_id, tag, primary key (article_id, tag))
Example DQL: select art from Article art where exists (select tag from ArticleTag tag where tag.article = art)


Sex offender returns to Smokey Point
SMOKEY POINT — A blue-eyed, brown-haired white man, five-feet eight-inches tall weighing 160 pounds, Charlie Mathison was known as "the candy man" by neighborhood children and now he is back in town after serving his 68-month sentence for child molestation in the first degree. He is living in the18800 block of Smokey Point Boulevard, according to the Snohomish County Sheriff's Office.
Mathison is not wanted by the police at this time.
Mathison was found guilty by stipulated trial in April 2002 in Snohomish County Superior Court and was sentenced to 68 months in prison. This sentence was suspended and Mathison was granted a special sex offender sentencing alternative when he agreed to serve six months in jail and attend community-based sex-offender treatment.
The conviction was the result of Mathison sexually assaulting a known female between the ages of 10 to 12 years at the time. Mathison lured children into his residence by offering candy, allowing them to play video games and watch television. The children were also allowed to take photographs and be photographed. Mathison would leave pornographic magazines, pornographic photos and videos, and photos of Mathison that were sexual in nature out in the open so that the children would see them. Some of the photos of Mathison that were sexual in nature had been taken by children. Mathison admitted to a 23-year history of sexually assaulting and exposing himself to over 200 victims who were female children from the age of five to 12 years old. Mathison has also admitted to stalking children and watching them at playgrounds, seeking out children that were alone. He would also target children who had separated parents or were without a father.
Mathison pled guilty in Snohomish County Superior Court on Aug. 27, 2003 on one count of indecent exposure. He was sentenced to 12 months and one day in prison. This conviction was the result of Mathison exposing himself to an unknown 6-year-old female victim at a large department store. Mathison had been observed by store security staff exposing himself to the victim. Mathison admitted to exposing himself to numerous victims in a similar manner for the previous five months.
As a result of this conviction Mathison's SSOSA sentence was revoked and he served his original 68-month sentence in prison. Mathison has since gone through the process of being civilly committed as a sexually violent predator and was found not to meet the criteria to be civilly committed. However, he is considered to be at high risk to re-offend.
Mathison will be on active supervision by the Washington State Department of Corrections for 36 months.
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Birrong, is located 22 kilometres from Sydney central business district.
The Aboriginal word Birrong meaning star, was adopted as the suburb's name around 1927.
Birrong Girls High School is a public girls high school that was established as a girls' comprehensive high school in 1957. There are 820 students (2006 estimate) from a wide variety of cultural backgrounds enrolled in the school. 84% of students are from non-English speaking background (NESB) which represents 46 language groups.
What's in the neighbourhood?


text:
Monte Carlo Tree Search-Based Intersection Signal Optimization Model with Channelized Section Spillover
Signal optimization has received significant attentions from the research community. However, during peak hours, the performances of existing models still have room for improvements, especially when channelized section spillover (CSS) occurs. The evolution of CSS is dynamic in nature, not only due to the interactions between traffic flow of different movements, but also because existing CSS influences the queuing process in a channelized section and contributes to new CSS formation at the next cycle. Neglecting such spatial-temporal interaction in current traffic signal optimization procedures may lead to suboptimal results. A Monte Carlo Tree Search-based model is proposed to solve the intersection optimization problem (named MCTS-IO) with explicit modeling of CSS dynamic evolution. The model works in a rolling horizon way. At each decision point, MCTS-IO simulates the intersection by selecting a sequence of phases, and progressively updates the relative preferences of the phases. After all simulations are performed, the phase with the best policy PI is selected. Both the PI and decision space can be customized, which ensures algorithm flexibility. The method is tested against Synchro results with both stable and variable demand, which demonstrates the proposed model is always able to find a solution better than Synchro.
H. Qi and X. Hu, "Monte Carlo Tree Search-Based Intersection Signal Optimization Model with Channelized Section Spillover," Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, vol. 106, pp. 281-302, Elsevier Ltd, Sep 2019.
The definitive version is available at _URL_
Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering
Keywords and Phrases
Channelized section spillover; Monte Carlo Tree Search; Signal optimization
International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)
Article - Journal
© 2019 Elsevier Ltd, All rights reserved.
01 Sep 2019


text:
Data input (tutorial)
From visone user support
Normally, visone reads network data from GraphML files, which should never cause any problems. However, in some cases it is necessary to import data stemming from other sources that can, for instance, export adjacency matrices to comma-separated-value (CSV) tables. This tutorial guides you through the various possibilities to input data into visone.
The usual way: read GraphML
GraphML is the usual file format for visone; it encodes the three types of information that are contained in visone networks: network structure, attributes, and graphical information and it is the only format that does so. To read network data from GraphML files use the file menu, click on open..., select files of type.graphml, and click on the ok button.
The other file types are only needed when you want to import data from other sources that cannot output GraphML.
An overview about the other possibilities
Apart from GraphML, visone can read network data from files that are exported by other network analysis software, including UCINET, Pajek, Siena, and some more. Opening these files is also done via the file menu by selecting the appropriate file type. More information about reading these file types is provided in the section about other supported formats.
A more basic option that should be feasible in most situations is to read network data from comma-separated-value (CSV) files. CSV files are plain-text files, for example looking like this
;A;B;C;D A;0;1;1;1 B;1;0;1;0 C;1;1;0;0 D;1;0;0;0
that can be created by spread sheet editors (such as MS Excel), statistical software, most network analysis software, and many more. However, reading data from CSV files is more error-prone since these files do not come with an unequivocal definition about how to interpret them (rather you have to tell the program how these files should be interpreted). Most of this tutorial is dedicated to the import of CSV files.
If nothing else works, you can make use of the visone R console that allows access to the R environment for statistical computing or you can read data via the KNIME connection that connects visone to a comprehensive data mining workflow tool. Both environments, R and KNIME, provide very general and configurable methods for data input and, in addition, enable you to preprocess and/or filter the data with relatively low effort. We provide more information about these possibilities in the section "if nothing else works".
Yet another possibility to create networks directly in visone is to enter them manually (which is only appropriate if the neworks are small and the data is not yet available in electronic format). This option is illustrated in the tutorial introducing the visual network editor.
The variants of comma-separated-value (CSV) files
A comma-separated-value file can be thought of as a plain-text file that encodes a table, i.e., a data array that has rows and columns - sometimes also referred to as a matrix. In a network context, there are different possibilities to encode information about nodes, links, or attribute information in such tables. The first three (adjacency matrices, link lists, and adjacency lists) provide information about nodes and links and can be opend via the file menu and the import options dialog. The fourth table displays an attribute table, that provides information about node or link attributes. Those data files will be imported via the attribute manager. What follows is a short characterization of these file types. A more exhaustive explanation about how to import those data tables in visone is given in the following sections.
Adjacency matrix files. An adjacency matrix encodes for all pairs of nodes (indexing the rows and columns of the table) whether or not there is a link connecting these nodes. An example is shown in the following.
;A;B;C;D A;0;1;1;1 B;0;0;1;0 C;1;1;0;0 D;1;0;0;0
The first row and the first column are the labels of the nodes; the remaining part encodes whether there is a link from the node indexing the row to the node indexing the column. For instance, the character 1 in the row indexed by A and the column indexed by B indicates that there is a link going from A to B; the 0 in the row B and column A indicates that there is no link in the reverse direction.
Link list files. A link list contains as many rows as there are links in the network and (in its most basic form) a link list contains two columns where the entry in the first column is the identifier for the source node and the entry in the second column denotes the target node of the link. The following example
A;C C;B B;A A;D
defines four links: from node A to node C, from C to B, etc. Note that link lists use less space than adjacency matrices - especially if the network is very sparse (i.e., when the number of links divided by the number of node pairs is a small value close to zero).
Adjacency list files. An adjacency list has as many rows as there are nodes in the network. Each row may have a different length and the row associated with a node lists all neighbors of this node. For instance, in the following example
1;2;4;5 2;1;5 3;5 4;1 5;1;2;4
the adjacency list defines for node 1 three (outgoing) links: to node 2, node 4 and node 5. Node 2 has links to node 1 and node 5, etc.
Attribute tables. An attribute table has one row that lists the attribute names (in the example below this is id;age;smokes followed by as many rows as there are nodes in the network.
id;age;smokes A;23;false B;28;true C;19;true D;27;false
One of the columns (id in the example above) lists the unique node identifiers (it is not necessarily the first row and not necessarily labeled id). The other columns list the attribute values of the attribute whose name is given in the respective column header.
Note: visone does not allow to simultaneously input an adjacency matrix together with given attributes in one file. That is, a file like
;A;B;C;D;age;smokes A;0;1;1;1;23;false B;1;0;1;0;28;true C;1;1;0;0;19;true D;1;0;0;0;27;false
(having the interpretation that the first four columns specify an adjacency matrix and the last two columns define node attribute values) cannot be opened. Rather you have to split this into two separate files, one containing the adjacency matrix which can be opened via the file menu and the other containing the attribute table which can be opened via the attribute manager. (For instance, in MS Excel you could split the file by selecting columns, copy them, and past them into a new table.)
To create a network from one of the above mentioned data formats (adjacency matrix, link list, adjacency list) use the file menu, click on open..., select files of type CSV files (.txt,.csv) in the file chooser, navigate to the file you want to open, and click on the ok button. Then the import options dialog opens, where you select the appropriate data format in the topmost drop-down menu. Depending of the data format, the import options dialog shows you the various settings to be made, to interpret the data correctly. The image below shows the import options dialog, when selecting adjacency matrix as data format. The visualization and analysis tutorial explains the import of data from an adjacency matrix in detail, using an exemplary dataset. A description of importing all (other) data formats is given on the import options dialog page. Note that the import options dialog is designed to import information about nodes and links, not about attributes. The only exception is the import of node lists, where a network of isolated nodes and their attributes will be created.
To open an attribute table and add attribute values to the nodes or links of a network that is already opened in visone, use the attribute manager which can be started by clicking on the icon in visone's toolbar.
In the attribute manager, choose the node or link button in the top row, import & export on the left, operation import in the drop-down menu, and select the CSV file that contains the attributes you want to import.
Choosing a file opens a load options dialog (exemplary shown below), where it is very important to correctly set the values of the joining attributes in the topmost drop-down menus. The network attribute must point to the name of the attribute that identifies the nodes (or links) in the already opened network. The file attribute tells visone which column in the imported CSV file holds these identifiers. The file format options specifies the format of the selected file. In the visualization and analysis tutorial an exemplary illustration of the import of link attributes is given.
Other supported formats
If nothing else works: use the R console or KNIME connection
visone offers the R console with which network data can be sent from visone to R and back. This ability to load data from R - together with R's data input and data processing capabilities - opens nearly unlimited possibilities to import data from yet other sources, as well as to import data that has to be cleaned, filtered, or preprocessed before turning it into a network.
The basic


text:
Pasco EcoZone System
(We have 4 of these available, but because of demand and scheduling, all may not be available at once.)
The EcoZone System was designed to help students understand the interactions within different ecosystems.The three clear acrylic Eco Chambers are rugged and easy to set up and clean and they are designed to accommodate Pasco sensors to allow quantitative measurement of a wide range of real-time environmental parameters.
- 3 Eco Chambers
- 1 Tray
- Misc. accessories to connect the chambers


(redirected from decomposes)
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 - verb
Synonyms for decompose
Synonyms for decompose
to reduce or become reduced to pieces or components
to become or cause to become rotten or unsound
Synonyms for decompose
separate (substances) into constituent elements or parts
lose a stored charge, magnetic flux, or current
break down
References in periodicals archive?
The furnace atomization method is a method in which the waste liquid is sprayed into a furnace at a temperature of over 1,000 degrees Celsius to decompose cyanogen compounds.
On the one hand, packaging from biodegradable plastic takes a long time to decompose, which makes it unsuitable for industrial composting plants, and on the other it can't be fed into the recycling process for conventional plastics either.
Sludge has been used in landfills to help increase the rate at which trash decomposes.
Once in the furnace, the coatings will decompose or be altered with the residue, ending up distributed among the three phases present - the metal itself, the slag phase always present with liquid metal or the gas phase such as the blast air in a cupola or the atmosphere over the electric furnace bath.
In the presence of oxygen, the PHB/V decomposes into C|O.
The design of the site includes a network of more than 100 wells that gather methane-rich gas produced as waste decomposes.
The carbamic acid decomposes to give a primary amine and a [CO.
Its biodegradable trash bag, called Eco-System I, is made from a mixture of cornstarch and polyethylene that decomposes within two to three years.
DOORS provides a multi-platform requirements management tool that captures, decomposes, links, traces, analyzes and manages information in order to ensure a product's compliance with specified requirements and standards.
More than 95 percent of the organic matter in carbon-containing sediments is kerogen, which doesn't dissolve out of the rocks and decomposes very slowly, says Steven T.
You've got to study how nature decomposes," says Malcolm Beck, a horticulturist in Austin, Texas, and a lifelong composter.
But magnesium hydroxide decomposes at a higher temperature--around 540 F, vs.
Nor, does it release any harmful substances when it decomposes.
Polystyrene, Brenner explained, decomposes by a relatively slow, random scission process that initially produces liquids.


Assa Meaning in English, Assa Baby Name Origin Gender Meaning Pronunciation
Does Assa Baby Name seem like an intriguing name for your baby? Learn Assa Name Meaning in English, its origin and which gender Assa Baby Name is most suitable for. Check through our list of names that are related to the name Assa, names similar to Assa and sibling names of Assa. Also, read through a detailed numerology report for the name Assa.
Baby Image
Boy, Girl
Japanese, Norse
fair, beautiful goddess
Related Assa Baby Names
Shino, YOSHI, Raidon, Hoshiko, Kioko, Yori, Taka, Takara, Aysa, Gin, Yukio, Yasuo
Sibling Names
Assa as a girl's name is of Old Norse origin, and the meaning of Assa is "fair, beautiful goddess". Assa is a variant of the Old Norse name Astrid.


text:
Space Technology Mission Directorate
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Background: John Vickers is currently the NASA principal technologist in the area of advanced manufacturing. He also serves as the Associate Director of the Materials and Processes Laboratory at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center and as the Manager of the NASA National Center for Advanced Manufacturing.
As principal technologist, he leads the nationwide NASA team to develop advanced manufacturing technology strategies to achieve the goals of NASA's missions. In this role he represents the Agency supporting the President's National Manufacturing Initiative and the Interagency Advanced Manufacturing National Program Office, which includes participation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the Department of Defense, the Department of Energy, NASA, the National Science Foundation, and other agencies. He also he leads the NASA Technology Roadmap effort for "Materials, Structures, Mechanisms and Manufacturing."


text:
When the hospital ceased to operate in 1979, the address was 3131 Lakeshore Boulevard West, and it was located at the northeast corner of Lakeshore Boulevard West and Kipling Avenue, in the former City of Etobicoke, Ontario. When it opened on January 21, 1889, it was situated what was then considered the western part of the village of Mimico. Later, this area eventually develped into an industrial centre called New Toronto in the 1890s and was subsequently incorporated as a village in 1913. At that time, the address was 1007 Lakeshore Road. When Lakeshore Road was renamed, becoming an extension of Lakeshore Boulevard West, and the address was changed to 3131 Lakeshore Boulevard West. In 1967, New Toronto became part of the Borough (and later, in 1984, City) of Etobicoke which was merged into the new City of Toronto (part of the Greater Toronto Area) in 1998.
Years of Operation and the Official Names
The asylum opened on January 21, 1889 and closed down on September 1, 1979. It was originally known as the Mimico Branch Asylum, as it formed part of the Provincial Lunatic Asylum at 999 Queen Street West in Toronto, Ontario, caring only the chronically ill. Between 1889 and 1979, it was also referred to as the Mimico Insane Asylum (renamed 1894, becoming a seperate institution that offered treatment to all types of patienta), Ontario Hospital, Mimico (1920), and later Ontario Hospital, New Toronto (1934). In 1964, the name was changed again to Lakeshore Psychiatric Hospital. Unofficially, the hospital has been commonly referred to as a Lakeside Sanatorium, Lakeshore Asylum, Mimico Asylum and Lakeshore Hospital, along with the usual range of derogatory names associated with psychiatric hospitals, such as a "nuthouse," "looney bin," etc.
Years of Construction
The initial stage of construction of the asylum started in 1888 and was completed in 1889. Assembly Hall was built in 1897 and the Gatehouse in 1899. For more information on the history of specific structures, prefer refer to The Architecture.
The Architect and the Style
Kivas Tully (1820–1905), the Chief Provincial Architect, was responsible for preparing architectual plans for the buildings. He also designed a number of other structures in Toronto, including the Old Trinity College. The design of the therapeutic landscape was developed by Samuel Matheson, a landscape gardener. The asylum was built in the combination of the Romanesque and Gothic Revival styles.
Patients without any family and/or financial resources were buried to rest at the asylum cemetery, located at the corner of Evans and Horner Avenues, about five kilometers north. Wooden coffins were made by patients at the asylum carpentry shop. After the closure of the hospital in 1979, the cemetery was abandoned. Beginning in 2005, restoration efforts have been made by a group of volunteers. Please consult the Lakeshore Asylum Cemetery Project.
The Closure in 1979 and the Aftermath
Despite an active protest of the staff, some patients and their families, as well as local residents, the hospital was closed down on September 1, 1979, following the decision of the Ministry of Health. Dennis R. Timbrell, the Minister of Health,, made an announcement in his speech on January 22, 1979 with regard to this decision.
The decision was inspired by the prevailing trend of deinstitutionalization, which advocated that that mental health patients were able to benefit more from their treatment by living in the community as opposed to being committed to an institution. Furthermore, the issue of funding for the continued operation of the mental hospital from the government was also taken into consideration. At the time of the closing, the hospital was seen as an antiquated relic of Canada's Victorian past, with the most recent renovations having been done in the 1930s.
After the closure, as it was the case with other psychiatric hospitals in Canada and abroad, many of the patients became homeless. The most severely ill were transferred to the newly constructed Queen Street Mental Health Centre (the former Provicial Lunatic Asylum), as well as Whitby and Hamilton Psychiatric Hospitals, which remained opened. Other patients were released and an outpatient community psychiatric clinic was opened in Cottage 2. Later, the Lakeshore Outpatient and Community Clinic was opened at 3170 Lakeshore Boulevard West and it continued the tradition of providing mental health services in New Toronto until 2008.
During the 1980s, the grounds were used by a number of film corporations to shoot movies, most famously Police Academy and the television series Night Shift, among others. And as it is usually the case with many many old, abandoned institutions, most of the structures quickly began to deteriorate, often falling prey to frequent trespassing and ensuing vandalism.
The underground tunnels were designed in order to quickly travel between the various buildings, and were often used by staff during unfavourable weather conditions. Patients probably had restricted access, and probably they were required to be accompanied by a member of the staff. When the asylum was first built, it was equipped with a miniature railway tracks, located in the tunnels, which were used to deliver food to individual wards from the main kitchen, located in the Central Building. It was removed in the thirties due to its deteriorating condition. Today, the tunnels are still utilized by the Humber College, accessible only to staff.
Some of the present staff and students of Humber College, which now occupies the site of the former hospital, claim that the former Cottages are, in fact, are visited on a regular basis by ghostly appearances. For more information, please go to Haunted or Not?
Anonymous. "History of Ontario Hospital, New Toronto, Henceforth to be Known as Lakeshore Psychiatric Hospital" [Unpublished, written
by an unnamed patient with assistant of John Sutherland, Chief Attendant, c. 1964].
Beemer, Nelson. [Untitled letter]. March 22, 1909.
Court, John. "Lakeshore Psychiatric Hospital–A Vital Part of the CAMH Legacy." May 1, 2001.
Deverell, Rex. "The Assembly Hall: A Lakeshore Landmark, 1898–2001." May 2001.
Gunn, Donald Ross. "Five Year Program." Etobicoke: Lakeshore Psychiatric Hospital, 1971.
Hansen R. C. "Lakeshore Psychiatric Hospital Orientation Package." Etobicoke: Lakeshore Psychiatric Hospital, c. 1972.
"It All Started Back in 1890." Rapport February 1975.
Keefer, Alec. "Excerpt of Market Gallery Exhibition Didactics re Lakeshore."
McKerrow, L.W. Lakeshore Psychiatric Hospital: Submission to Committee on Mental Health Services, Ontario Council of Health. Etobicoke: Lakeshore Psychiatric Hospital, May 1978.
Melamet-Vetter, Walther. "The Lakeshore Psychiatric Hospital, A World of Its Own, Another Coocoo's Nest, In New Toronto." Toronto: July 1989.
All primary sources retrieved from the Archives for the History of Canadian Psychiatry and Mental Health Services, January 30 and April 21–22, 2005. Images from the Archives of Ontario, Asylum Projects, RootsWeb, City of Toronto Archives, and from author's collections.


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NRC Shelter Handbook: Implementation through the 18 assistance methods
NRC understands there to be 18 shelter assistance methods that are normally combined to support the affected population, depending upon the nature of the shelter or settlement programme. Most of these are commonly used by NRC shelter programmes while some, such as loans and credit, are generally outside our standard capacity but can be considered, if the context requires. The 18 assistance methods are summarised below and then elaborated further in this chapter. Case study examples are offered, in order to illustrate how past responses can be understood using the 18 methods. Although the details of how each assistance method is used in each project will vary, the values of using a comprehensive and consistent description include improving communication between stakeholders, as well as making more visible lessons learnt from previous projects.
Resources on this Collection


listless meaning in hindi
Pronunciation of listless
listless in Images
listless Antonyms
listless Definitions and meaning in English
 1. lacking zest or vivacity
 2. marked by low spirits
 3. showing no enthusiasm
 4. spiritless
 5. without energy
listless Sentences in English
 1. निरुत्साहित
 The illness left her feeling listless and depressed.
Tags: listless meaning in hindi, listless ka matalab hindi me, hindi meaning of listless, listless meaning dictionary. listless in hindi. Translation and meaning of listless in English hindi dictionary. Provided by a free online English hindi picture dictionary.


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If I play a dwarf wizard, does he have both Wizard weapon proficiencies (e.g. daggers) as well as Dwarf weapon proficiencies (e.g. battleaxes)?
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1 Answer 1
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Yes, the Dwarf Gains Proficiency with Dwarf Weapons and Wizard Weapons.
Unless traded for an alternate racial trait, the dwarf gains the Weapon Familiarity offense racial trait, which reads
This doesn't alter or replace the weapon proficiencies granted from taking a level in the wizard class. As such the typical dwarf wizard is proficient with the battleaxe, heavy pick, and warhammer because the character's a dwarf and the club, dagger, heavy crossbow, light crossbow, and quarterstaff if he's a typical wizard. The typical wizard doesn't gain proficiency with any martial weapons, so the latter part of the Weapon Familiarity racial trait is unaffected.
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text:
REPORTS AND PUBLICATIONS
Table of criteria: Everyday Depictions in a Sexualizing Context
Sexualized Everyday Depictions of Children
Quelle: I-KIZ-Zentrum für Kinderschutz im Internet
Unproblematic everyday depictions of children are often appropriated on the Internet and misused for sexual purposes. In order to shed light on the phenomenon, the competence centre at jugendschutz.net researched high-traffic Internet services and those which are relevant to the child abuse scene, in particular social networks, forums, blogs and websites.
Increasing opportunities for interaction on the Internet facilitate the transposition of everyday depictions to a sexual context. This can take place in many ways, in particular by the use of service-specific functions and structures. Linking up depictions with sexualized elements enables the perception of a child as a sexual object.
In order to identify typical elements that lead to the sexualisation of everyday depictions, the competence centre analysed around 400 sources and developed a grid that systematically records their characteristics. This is intended to simplify categorization and assist with assessment of the potential sexualisation of everyday depictions.
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are towards the right direction I think. Thanks. – StarPinkER Oct 17 '12 at 2:55
I think the best question is "write a reverse hashcode function" – yelliver Oct 17 '12 at 3:04
Actually any old string will do, any hashcode value will do. – StarPinkER Oct 17 '12 at 3:15
add comment
I was wondering if there was a "universal" solution; e.g. some constant string XYZ, such that
 s.hashcode() == (s + XYZ).hashcode()
for any string s. Finding such a string involves solving a fairly complicated equation... which was beyond my rusty mathematical ability. But then it dawned on me that h == 31*h + ch is always true when h and ch are both zero!
Based on that insight, the following method should create a different String with the same hashcode as its argument:
 public String collider(String s) {
 return 0 + s;
If NUL characters are problematic for you, prepending any string whose hashcode is zero would work too... albeit that the colliding strings would be longer than if you used zero.
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Let me have a try whether the \0 solution will work or not. Thanks. – StarPinkER Oct 17 '12 at 4:28
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Pub. date: 2010 | Online Pub. Date: November 23, 2010 | DOI: 10.4135/9781412959193 | Print ISBN: 9781412959186 | Online ISBN: 9781412959193| Publisher:SAGE Publications, Inc.About this encyclopedia
Abolitionism, according to Stanley Cohen, is a critical thinking movement about criminology, crime, punishment, and criminal law that has been developing in Western Europe since the early 1970s. John Muncie characterizes abolitionism as a knowledge-based movement that seeks to move beyond the essentialist ideas of crime, criminality, and criminal justice to facilitate new critical insights and alternative visions of justice.11 The impetus of the abolitionist movement was dissatisfaction with current crime and criminal justice policy. This discontent was not only with the basic assumptions of criminal justice policies but also with the concrete consequences of criminal justice functioning, according to Louk Hulsman. Abolitionism is based heavily on deconstructionist impulses in the form of the questioning of dominant criminal justice theories and practices. There is no concrete definition of abolitionism. To some, abolition requires doing away with the entire criminal justice system and to others abolition implies the end of penal...


text:
I am looking for a way to do the following:
A Project : Defines an abstract class that is called when some events happen (event handler if you will) Defines the engine that will fire the events using the event handler above
B Project: Defines the implementation for the abstract class Runs the engine.
How can i register the implementation class and make sure that is the one being called when the engine runs.
EDIT 1: By register i mean i must somehow define which is the implementation that should be called for that given abstract object
Sorry if the question isn't too clear, let me know if you need some more details


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Transportation of building materials in Ukraine
Specificity of transportation of building material
The construction of any object is a difficult and interesting task. In its implementation, various types of building materials are used: gravel, boards, pipes, metal structures, soil, lime, cement, sand, farms, etc. Each kind of building material has its own specifics of transportation, and should be delivered as quickly as possible and without damage to the object.
Often, for transportation of building material, these types of transport:
 1. Dumpers
 2. Rolling stock, mainly for oversized transport, namely, metal structures, beams, trusses, etc.
 3. Cement carriers
Cargo transportation of cement is one of the most extensive works in the transportation of building materials. At the same time, it is necessary to understand the specifics of the transportation of such expensive construction material, which, if not correctly transported, can lose part of the cargo due to spraying. It is also necessary to take into account the detrimental effect of moisture on cement, any interaction with water should be excluded. When transporting cement dust, it can also adversely affect the health of the driver, so you need to ensure the integrity and insulation of the packaging. Implementation of cement loading is carried out with the help of vacuum in the center of the cement carrier or bunker. Unloading is performed using a pneumatic method and a screw.
Transportation of construction cargo in bulk is performed using a dumper. It is carried out by forklift, belt conveyors, excavator. This kind of cargo transportation is used during excavation operations, as well as stripping works.
It has an interesting specificity of transporting liquid concrete. First, the transportation of concrete is limited in terms of time, because concrete has the property to harden because of the breakdown into component parts. In winter, it can freeze, so care must be taken to maintain certain climatic conditions of the container. An obligatory condition is the sealing of the body, containers, in order not to lose part of the material during loading. A transport agent for transportation is a concrete carrier with a stirrer drum.
Brick and its derivatives, transported on pallets or in a container way.
Logistic company "Rona" and transportation of building materials in Ukraine.
The company "Rona", takes into account all the features of logistics of cargo transportation of building material in Ukraine, ensures delivery on time, without losses, with minimal transportation costs. We work for all 24 regions of Ukraine.
Choosing transportation of building materials with the company "Rona" you will ensure a reliable delivery of cargo, which allows you to minimize the time of delivery of your facility.


Home / Go Kids Go, Beaconsfield
Go Kids Go, Beaconsfield
Sports and Exercise program for pre-school children aged 2-5. Classes exist from 2-3 year olds, 3-4 year olds and 4-5 year olds. Children are taught a different sport every 2 weeks. 12 sports in total are taught. Go Kids Go also run sports parties for children aged 3-10 years old.
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Age: Designed for pre-schoolers aged 2-5 years.
Pre-Book: Term bookings.
Changing Facilities: Yes.
Pram Accessibility: Easy access for prams.
Parent Accompany Child: Yes.
Breastfeeding Area: Breastfeeding friendly.
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This item is available under a Creative Commons License for non-commercial use only
2.1 CIVIL ENGINEERING
Embodied energy analysis can be used as a construction design assessment tool in a sustainable matrix for a building. Its implementation however remains challenging mainly because of data measurement errors. A comparison between the deterministic embodied energy (EE) of a building and the stochastic EE of the same building undertaken using Monte Carlo simulation showed a wide variation in results. It is recommended that the specification of EE intensity of building materials in the construction industry can assist in producing accurate and more credible EE values of building.
Acquaye, A., Duffy, A., Basu, B.: Embodied energy analysis: a sustainable construction design assessment tool. Engineering Sustainability: Innovations that spans boundaries; Conference Proceedings; Pittsburgh, PA-USA, April 19-21, 2009.


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I have a video file of 5 FPS / 8000Hz that I want to speed up 6 times. I want the pitch and playback to increase - can I do this by simply adjusting the file header?
I can't seem to figure out the right parameters to do this with ffmpeg since it actually creates new frames in order to stay at the same speed. I read some similar topics on this website, but can't seem to find anything simple to do with both sound and image.
Is there a way to do this with a command-line tool or can someone explain how to alter this in code?
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1 Answer 1
mencoder has an option to change the speed. A similar question was answered here.
The following command was suggested:
mencoder file.avi -speed 20 -vf scale=720:368,hqdn3d=3:2:3:2,expand=720:480 -ovc xvid -oac pcm -xvidencopts fixed_quant=2 -o out.avi )
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A Counterweight is an accessory sold by the Traveling Merchant and the Skeleton Merchant. They fire a second yoyo-type projectile after hitting an enemy with a Yoyo that travels towards the Yoyo, then arcs over the player.
There are 6 variants, and all function identically. Counterweights can also be used to craft a Yoyo Bag.
Variants[edit | edit source]
From Traveling Merchant[edit | edit source]
From Skeleton Merchant[edit | edit source]
|5||During Moon phase 1 (full), 5 (new).|
|5||During Moon phase 2, 6.|
|5||During Moon phase 3, 7.|
|5||During Moon phase 4, 8.|
Crafting[edit | edit source]
Used in[edit | edit source]
Notes[edit | edit source]
- Multiple equipped Counterweights do not stack. Only one will function at a time.
- The particular color equipped will display on a character, unlike the Yoyo Bag, which shows a random color.
- Does not stack with the Yoyo Bag.
Trivia[edit | edit source]
- Counterweights are real-world yo-yo accessories used to aid in tricks where the yo-yo is swung from the middle of the string rather than its end. Real-world counterweights are often patterned after (or made out of) polyhedral dice, and Terraria's follow suit: the Blue and Red Counterweights are four-sided (tetrahedral) dice, the Purple and Green Counterweights are six-sided (cubic/hexahedral) dice, and the Black and Yellow Counterweights are twelve-sided (dodecahedral) dice.
History[edit | edit source]
- Desktop 184.108.40.206: Introduced.
- Console 1.0.933.1: Introduced. ()
- Console 1.0.750.0: Introduced. ()


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root object
The root is a graphics object that corresponds to the computer screen. There is only one root object and it has no parent. The children of the root object are figures.
The root object exists when you start MATLAB®; you never have to create it and you cannot destroy it. Use set and get to access the root properties.
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Definition - What does Seta mean?
Seta is a term that describes the morphology of plants. It is typically used in regards to moss. Mosses are also known as sporophytes. It stem or stalk that supports the stalk that supports the capsule.
MaximumYield explains Seta
When it matures, the seat will usually rapidly elongate, and it brings the capsule to the suitable height for dispersing spores. The seat will have vascular tissue, and it enables the sporophyte capsule to get nutrients from the parent.
Another definition for the term seta is a nerve-like extension to a leaf. It can also mean a bristle or a stiff hair.


text:
New Study Examines Alcoholism Among Women Living With HIV
November 3, 2011
A new study will investigate whether the prescription drug naltrexone can help women living with HIV reduce their alcohol consumption and improve their overall health. The study will be run by University of Florida researchers, who received a $2.7 million grant from the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.
"Alcohol consumption can be harmful in persons with HIV infection if it affects the ability to take medications on schedule, causes people to make poor decisions, or has direct harmful effects on the immune system or other parts of the body," said the study's lead investigator Robert Cook, M.D., M.P.H., an associate professor of epidemiology and medicine at the UF College of Public Health and Health Professions and the College of Medicine. "It is the same with any chronic disease, such as diabetes. Our goals are to identify simple and acceptable treatment options that can help reduce these harmful effects."...
... In an earlier long-term study of alcohol consumption in women with HIV, Cook and colleagues found that 14 percent to 24 percent of the women reported hazardous drinking in the past year. Hazardous alcohol consumption is defined as having four or more drinks daily or seven or more drinks in a week. Previous studies have shown elevated risk for adverse health effects in people with HIV who consume hazardous amounts of alcohol, including higher levels of HIV virus, lower medication adherence, increased risky sexual behavior and more rapid disease progression.
UF researchers, with colleagues from Florida International University and the University of Miami, will study whether the prescription medication naltrexone can reduce hazardous drinking in women with HIV and improve their health outcomes. Naltrexone has been found to decrease alcohol use in previous studies of men with severe drinking problems, but has not been tested exclusively in women or in people with HIV infection, Cook said. Researchers also will assess important clinical measures, such as adherence to HIV medications, white blood cell counts, levels of HIV virus present in the body and risky sexual behavior.
According to the Kaiser Family Foundation, more than 290,000 women are living with HIV/AIDS in the United States, with Florida ranking second among U.S. states. Most of the study participants will be recruited from the Miami and Fort Lauderdale areas. Given Florida's racial and ethnic diversity, researchers hope the study will provide a better understanding of how cultural issues and differences impact HIV-positive women and their relationships with alcohol and how treatment and interventions can be applied throughout the rest of the country. This study is just one of three involving Florida universities studying alcohol use among women living with HIV.
Warren Tong is the research editor for TheBody.com and TheBodyPRO.com.
Follow Warren on Twitter: _USER_.
Copyright © 2011 The HealthCentral Network, Inc. All rights reserved.
Media Coverage of Potential Link Between Hormonal Contraception, HIV Risk Needed More "Critical Thinking"
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Audio-Technica, a leading innovator in transducer technology currently celebrating "50 Years of Passionate Listening," is proud to announce that the paper "On the Study of Ionic Microphones" and its writers were selected as the recipients of the "AES 133rd peer review paper award, signifying it as the "best paper of the show." The paper, composed by Hiroshi Akino, Audio-Technica Corp., Japan, with Hirofumi Shimokawa, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Japan, and Jackie Green and Tadashi Kikutani of Audio-Technica U.S., was presented at a juried paper session at the 133rd AES Convention in San Francisco, California.
Jackie Green stated, "We are honored and delighted to receive this recognition. Audio-Technica has been at the forefront of many technology paradigm shifts, yet historically we have published very little regarding our research. We look forward to taking a more active role in advancing the art and science of audio technology, and sharing this information with our distinguished peers."
The paper encapsulates the following research: Diaphragm-less ionic loudspeakers using both low-temperature and high-temperature plasma methods have already been studied and developed for practical use. This study examined using similar methods to create a diaphragm-less ionic microphone. The paper reviews the experimental outcome of two ionic methods, and considerations given to resolve issues revealed by the study.


Sunday, January 24, 2021
Island Checklist - Flora
As with fauna, flora is also part of mother nature and cannot be criticised.
Again, this is to advise clients to inspect the island carefully to see whether they can live with what is there and to study what grows on the island.
In certain areas, there are poisonous plants. Some plants can cause allergic reactions. There are coconut trees on many tropical islands. There is also a danger that a coconut could fall on your head if the trees are not maintained. If noone is maintaining the island, it would be wise to consider this safety point very carefully.
Studying flora closely also gives you an idea of what kind of ground water is on the island. Experts can read how much ground water available from the vegetation. The vegetation also signifies whether the island is self-sufficient or not.
In summary: studying the island's flora is a worthwhile and useful point on the checklist.


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SJSU was first accredited in 1949. Since that time, reviews for re-accreditation have occured at least once every 10 years. The most recent review period began when the campus submitted its institutional proposal in 2002.
The Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC) accredits institutions, not individual programs. Therefore, in addition to assessing the academic quality and educational effectiveness of institutions, the Commission emphasizes institutional structures, processes, and resources. Following acceptance of an institutional proposal framing the review, SJSU prepares for two separate visits from WASC. The first is referred to as the Preparatory Review and the second is the Educational Effectiveness Review.
San José State is a major, comprehensive public university located in the center of San José and in the heart of Silicon Valley. SJSU is the oldest state university in California. Its distinctive character has been forged by its long history, by its location, and by its vision, a blend of the old and the new, of the traditional and the innovative. Among its most prized traditions is an uncompromising commitment to offer access to higher education to all persons who meet the criteria for admission, yielding a stimulating mix of age groups, cultures, and economic backgrounds for teaching, learning, and research. SJSU takes pride in and is firmly committed to teaching and learning, with a faculty that is active in scholarship, research, technological innovation, community service, and the arts.
- 1857: San José State is founded as a Normal School and becomes the first institution of public higher education in the state.
- 1935: Renamed San José State College.
- 1949: SJSU accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC)
- 1960: The individual California State Colleges were brought together as a system by the Donahoe Higher Education Act of 1960.
- 1972: The system becomes California State University and Colleges.
- 1982: The system becomes the California State University (CSU).
Today the 23 campuses of the CSU system include comprehensive and polytechnic universities, and, since July 1995, the California Maritime Academy, a specialized campus. The SJSU campus alone is composed of 30,000 students and over 2,000 faculty and staff. The information SJSU prepares for its reaccreditation review provides an excellent data view of SJSU.
To nurture the continued development of strong academic programs and services to support student development and success the campus is fully engaged in a strategic planning process intended to help San José State University prepare for the future. It helps us serve our mission, reach our vision and guide resource allocation.
The campus is located in downtown San José, the site of the oldest civil settlement (established in 1777) in California. The city of San José is the 11th largest city in the United States and the third largest in California with a population of 926,200. Known as the "Capital of Silicon Valley," San José was called the "epicenter of information technology" by Fortune magazine.
The education level of the San José metropolitan area workforce is one of the highest in the country; 67 percent of the workforce has some post-secondary education, and 48 percent have earned a college degree. The city also has the lowest crime rate of any major city (those with populations of 500,000 or more) in the United States.
Core Principles and Standards
The accrediation process has changed considerably since SJSU's previous review. To its credit, WASC, following an extensive period of reflection and discussion with the many institutions it accredits, has developed a focused review process. This new approach provides institutions with the flexibility needed to make the review one that facilitates the growth and development of the institution along its own unique path.
WASC reviews institutions with respect to their committment to core principles called Institutional Capacity and Educational Effectiveness. To become and remain accredited,each institution is expected to demonstrate that it is committed to developing and sustaining Institutional Capacity and Educational Effectiveness. With respect to Institutional Capacity, WASC expects an institution to function with clear purposes,high levels of institutional integrity,fiscal stability, and organizational structures to fulfill its purposes. With respect to Educational Effectiveness, WASC looks for evidence of clear and appropriate educational objectives and design at the institutional and program level. WASC also expects institutions to employ processes of review, including the collection and use of data, that assure delivery of programs and learner accomplishments at a level of performance appropriate for the degree or certificate awarded.
At each review (preparatory/capacity & educational effectiveness) institutions need to present information that conveys to WASC the extent to which they have met each of four standards [pdf] articulated by WASC.
- Standard 1. Defining Institutional Purposes and Ensuring Educational Objectives.
- Standard 2. Achieving Educational Objectives Through Core Functions
- Standard 3. Developing and Applying Resources and Organizational Structures to Ensure Sustainability.
- Standard 4. Creating an Organization Committed to Learning and Improvement.


Turnips and red kidney beans
Terrific Turnip Recipe
Turnips can be eaten raw, boiled, fried or cooked with other vegetables. Here is a terrific recipe for turnips and kidney beans, which makes a delicious, unique side dish.
History of turnips
The turnip originated in Hellenistic and Roman times, becoming a well-established crop during this period in history. Wild forms of turnips can be found throughout Asia and Europe. Turnips are root vegetables, like carrots, and they grow most easily in temperate climates. Because of the ease in growing turnips, they are popular throughout the world and are prepared in a great variety of ways.
They are a good crop to grow because of the many nutrients that they contain for the soil. As a staple food, they grow in great abundance and can be used to feed both humans and livestock, increasing their versatility.
Turnips nutrition
Turnips are only high in Vitamin C but turnip greens are a good source of vitamin A, vitamin K, folate and calcium. The greens are also high in lutein. Turnips are edible cooked or uncooked and they are often found in salads. In order to eat turnips, you must first trim off any hairy roots and then peel them. Then, you can chop them or slice them depending on what you plan to do with them.
Turnips preparation
Younger turnips can be sliced and eaten raw, for example in a salad or as a dipping vegetable. You can also shred them as part of coleslaw, and they make great parts of vegetable medleys. Older turnips often have a milder flavor, and if you overcook turnips, they lose their flavor and become unpleasant. If you plan to boil your turnips, only cook them until they become tender, which takes about 20 to 30 minutes. You can also microwave, steam and roast your turnips, using your imagination to give character to this versatile, tasty plant. Here is a recipe for kidney beans and turnips that makes a delicious side dish.
Turnips and red kidney beans
 - 1 1/2 cups red kidney beans (soaked)
 - 4 large turnips
 - 1 large onion
 - 1/4 tsp ground ginger
 - 1 tsp salt
 - 1/2 tsp cayenne pepper
 - 4 Tbsp vegetable oil
 - 3 garlic cloves (chopped)
1. Place kidney beans in a large pot of water and bring to a boil. Boil vigorously for 15 minutes. Reduce heat and simmer, partial covered for 90 minutes.
2. Peel turnips and slice into wedges. Chop onion in half and then slice. Combine spices with 1 tablespoon of water in a small bowl.
3. Heat vegetable oil in a large skillet over medium heat. Cook the turnip wedges in the oil until golden brown, then remove. Fry the onions for 2-3 minutes, reduce heat and add garlic and spice paste. Stir for a few seconds and then turn off heat.
4. After the beans have cooked halfway through (45 minutes), add turnip and onion mixture to the pot and stir. Allow beans to finish cooking.
5. Serve hot with rice.
Vegetable recipes
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Quick Answer: How Does Wax Recording Work?
Does black vinyl sound better?
Only white should sound worse.
The white substance used to due the record can cause random pops (rumor has it that it is a kind of chalk).
Other vinyl – colored or clear can be dead-quiet.
so a colored vinyl record with no black in it may actually sound better right out of the wrapper than a black one..
What is a wax record?
The wax record simply put is a hollow cylinder made from wax that, when put into a phonograph or graphophone machine it allows you to record sound and reproduce that same sound.
Why is vinyl called wax?
This was electroplated to make the metal parts to stamp finished records. Hence, for almost the first 50 years of recorded sound, including cylinders, wax was the media that took the original sound waves. Therefore the term "wax" came into popular use as slang for a record.
Is Vinyl A plastic?
Vinyl (polyvinyl chloride or PVC), is the world's most versatile plastic, used to make everything from food wrap to auto body parts. Vinyl is composed of two simple building blocks: chlorine, based on common salt, and ethylene, from crude oil.
Is a record player worth it?
It's mainly worth it if you're going to listen to stuff on vinyl. There's no point in making the investment if it's going to sit and collect dust. If you feel drawn to vinyl, then absolutely. It's mainly worth it if you're going to listen to stuff on vinyl.
When were wax cylinders used?
The Edison Phonograph Company was formed on October 8, 1887, to market Edison's machine. He introduced the Improved Phonograph by May of 1888, shortly followed by the Perfected Phonograph. The first wax cylinders Edison used were white and made of ceresin, beeswax, and stearic wax.
What were records originally made of?
Why is vinyl used for records?
Why is it that vinyl records are generally black? PVC (polyvinyl chloride), the material that vinyl records are made of, is clear in its natural form, allowing records to be manufactured in just about any color imaginable.
Does vinyl actually sound better?
Vinyl is far more high-quality. No audio data is lost when pressing a record. It sounds just as great as the producer or band intended. There's another, far superior reason why vinyl is better than lossy digital formats.
Is my record a 33 or 45?
12″ records that are albums (>20 minutes per side) are 33, 12″ records that are singles may be 33 if they are from the US or 45 if they are from Europe. 10″ records are usually 33, but there may be 45 as well.
How long does a gramophone needle last?
Most manufacturers recommend changing your stylus at around 1000 hours of record playing time. So if you're using your turntable for an hour or so per day on average, ideally you should be changing the stylus every couple of years.
How do gramophones work?
Like other record players, gramophones read the sound with a small needle which fits into the groove in the record. That needle is attached to a diaphragm, which in turn is attached to a horn. … These vibrations are transmitted to the diaphragm, which itself vibrates, creating sound.
Are 78s worth anything?
"The early blues material from the '20s and '30s is the hottest material of all," Mr. Tefteller said in a phone interview. He said that on average a rare jazz 78 might sell for $1,500 to $5,000, whereas sales for a comparable blues record would start at $5,000.
What was the first song ever recorded on the phonograph?
Au Clair de la Lune.On April 9, 1860, Scott recorded a snippet of the French folk song "Au Clair de la Lune."
Who invented wax cylinders?
Thomas EdisonPhonograph cylinder/InventorsEdison had introduced wax cylinders that played for nominally 4 minutes (instead of the usual 2) in 1909 under the Amberol brand. They were made from a harder (and more easily breakable) form of wax to withstand the smaller stylus used to play them.
What is the best record player to buy?
The best record player for 2021CNET's Editor's Choice. Fluance RT82. See at Amazon.Best value around $100. Audio Technica AT-LP60X. $119 at Amazon.Best record player under $500. Pro-Ject Debut Carbon EVO. $499 at Audio Advice.Best record player under $1,000. Rega Planar 3. $945 at Audio Advice.Best mainstream model under $300. Crosley C10A. See at Amazon.Feb 8, 2021
Why is tinfoil a poor medium for recorded sound?
The recordings could be played only a few times before the indentations made by the sound on the tinfoil were so flattened down as to be unplayable. … It was changes in the physical medium itself that would ultimately exert the most long-lasting effects on the evolution of American sound recording history.
How does a vinyl record work?
Vinyl record players are electromagnetic devices that change sound vibrations into electrical signals. When a record spins, it creates sound vibrations that get converted into electrical signals. … Electric amps vibrate and feed the resulting sound into speakers, which amplify it and make it louder.
What is another name for vinyl?
What is another word for vinyl?PVCpolychloroethylenepolyvinyl chloridepolyvinylpoly(1-chloroethene)[1]
What's the difference between a turntable and a record player?
What Is A Turntable? In its basest form, a turntable is simply a major component of a record player. … But turntable also refers to a standalone unit you can purchase. In this sense of the word, a turntable is similar to a record player, except it does not come with built-in speakers or an amplifier.
What replaced records?
In an attempt to head off the disc advantage, Edison introduced the Amberol cylinder in 1909, with a maximum playing time of 4 1⁄2 minutes (at 160 rpm), which in turn were superseded by Blue Amberol Records, which had a playing surface made of celluloid, a plastic, which was far less fragile.


Jun 28, 2013
What's the difference between being an administrator user and root user on a Mac?
What can one do that the other can't, if anything?
This article might be of interest.
Enabling and using the "root" user in Mac OS X
"About the root user
The user named "root" is a special user in UNIX-style operating systems that has read and write privileges to all areas of the file system. The root user should only be used for specific administration or monitoring tasks. After completing a task as the root user, you should log out of Mac OS X and log back in using a normal or administrator account. You should disable root access if you do not use it often.
The root user does not appear in Users or Accounts preferences.
Important notes
Only the owner of a computer or its designated administrator(s) should have an administrator account or the root password.
Any user with an administrator account can become the root user or reset the root password.
A root password should be difficult to guess, containing both numbers and letters within the first eight characters.
A root user has the ability to access other users' files.
The root user has the ability to relocate or remove required system files and to introduce new files in locations that are protected from other users."
A root user can screw things up much more easily. You can access pretty much everything as a root user, including other users' files. The training wheels are off, and you can change or delete files with impunity, which can be a very bad thing if you delete or change the wrong thing. Be very careful, and don't do things while you are poking around as a root user unless you understand the consequences.
Answer this


10 Tiny Countries With Enormous Natural Beauty
Clear, turquoise water laps against a palm tree-covered island in the Maldives
With nearly 200 countries on Earth, the public imagination often confines our planet's awe-inspiring formations and wildlife to those wonders located within the borders of large and powerful nations. Immense natural beauty, however, can be found in some of the world's smallest countries. Whether one looks to the delicate coral reefs of the Maldives or the steep, cragged mountains of Liechtenstein, breathtaking vistas can be found in the most unlikely of places.
Here are 10 tiny countries, from Andorra to Niue, with enormous natural beauty and wonder.
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The rocky, grassy slope of a mountain with a road stretching into the background of snow-capped mountains
Faer Out / Shutterstock
The Kingdom of Lesotho, a landlocked country slightly smaller than the state of Maryland and enveloped completely by South Africa, boasts a dramatic mountainous landscape of immense appeal. Sometimes referred to as the kingdom of the sky, Lesotho sits entirely above 1,400 meters (4,593 feet). The country's peak, the summit of the mountain Thabana Ntlenyan, reaches 3,481 meters (11,423 feet) in elevation. Lesotho also lays claim to the spectacular 211-meter (692-foot) waterfall Maletsunyane Falls.
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A boardwalk staircase ascends into the canopy of a tropical rainforest in Brunei
Ngotoh / Flickr / CC BY-ND 2.0
A small Southeast Asian country, 5,765 square kilometers (3,582 square miles), located on the northern coast of the island of Borneo, Brunei has increasingly become a destination for ecotourism. Ulu Temburong National Park features vast tropical rainforests that stretch from the hilly lowlands up toward peaks like that of the country's highest point, Bukit Pagon. Small stilt-house river villages that sit directly over the water are a common sight, even near the modern capital of Bandar Seri Begawan.
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Lush green fields in the foreground give way to small valley of quaint buildings and a towering mountain in the background
Boris Stroujko / Shutterstock
The Principality of Liechtenstein is a small German-speaking nation that appears on the map as a small dot between Austria and Switzerland and is only about one-tenth the size of Washington D.C. Known for its beautiful mountain scenery and quaint alpine villages, the country draws a large number of tourists throughout the year. Liechtenstein is home to medieval fortresses like the stunning Gutenberg Castle and breathtaking views like those found on Drei Schwestern mountain, or The Three Sisters Mountain.
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A sunbeam casts light upon an autumnal wooded scene in Mullerthal, Luxembourg
Tristan Schmurr / Flickr / CC BY 2.0
Another European kingdom, Luxembourg, sits between France, Germany, and Belgium, and is relatively large in size, 2,856 square kilometers (1,606 square miles), making it one of the larger nations on this list. Luxembourg's Mullerthal region, or Little Switzerland as it is often called, offers picturesque country landscapes of rolling hills, wooded highlands, and towering rock formations, and is perhaps best experienced by hiking trail. The northern region of Éislek, or Ardennes, showcases the country's sweeping valleys and majestic forests, dotted with the historic remains of medieval castles.
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Blue skies with a few clouds hover above snow-capped mountains on the horizon
Leon G / Flickr / CC BY 2.0
Andorra, a principality of more than 85,000 people and covering 468 square kilometers (290 square miles), is nestled in the Pyrenees mountains between Spain and France. In the southeastern region, the Madriu-Perafita-Claror Valley offers exceptional glacial vistas and is as noteworthy for its cultural importance as it is for its captivating beauty. The higher reaches of the valley are composed of cliffs and exposed rock glaciers that slope down to woodlands and a gorge below. The Madriu-Perafita-Claror Valley was deemed a World Heritage Site in 2006 for its microcosmic display of Pyrenees mountain culture over the millennia.
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The sun sets of a beach with silhouetted palm trees in the Maldives
Giuseppe Milo / Flickr / CC BY 2.0
Dispersed along the Arabian Sea in the Indian Ocean is the breathtaking nation Maldives, consisting of islands combined into a chain of 26 atolls, or ring-shaped coral reefs. The country has a combined landmass of about 298 square kilometers (185 square miles) and its islands span a distance of 871 kilometers (541 miles). The highly protected Baa Atoll Biosphere Reserve is brimming with wildlife, like manta rays, marine turtles, and the endangered tawny nurse shark, which are part of a diverse and delicate interplay between coral reef systems and the many species that live there.
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A large rock formation rises above a lush valley of green in Eswatini
mbrand85 / Shutterstock
Gorgeous landscapes and impressive wildlife are at the forefront of the tourism industry in the Kingdom of Eswatini (formerly Swaziland as of April 2018), which rests on the border between South Africa and Mozambique. Vast tracts of protected land, like Hlane Royal National Park, Mlawula Nature Reserve, and Malolotja Nature Reserve, exhibit white rhinos, lions, zebras, and elephants, among other animals native to the region. The Kingdom of Eswatini is also a birdwatcher's paradise, with nearly 500 species of birds recorded within the country, including the national bird, the purple-crested turaco.
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An arched rock formation extends over clear, tropical waters
vuorikari / Flickr / CC BY-SA 2.0
Niue, a remote tropical island in the South Pacific, is known for its elaborate cave systems, magnificent arches, and its beautiful clear waters. A small country, roughly 260 square kilometers (161 square miles), Niue features remarkable limestone cliffs that soar above the water's surface to form the island's central plateau. The magnificent Humpback whale migration comes to Niue annually from July to October, as mothers seek a safe location to feed their calves.
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A lush green hill in the foreground with hills stretching back into the horizon
Chris Favero / Flickr / CC BY-SA 2.0
North of Trinidad and Tobago, between the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, lies the small island of Grenada. The tiny nation, just 344 square kilometers (213 square miles), is home to the dormant volcano Mount Saint Catherine, whose peak is the highest point on the island at 840 meters high (2,775 feet), and an active volcano called Kick 'em Jenny that lies off the coast on the ocean floor. Grenada also lays claim to extensive nature preserves like the Grand Etang and Annandale Forest Reserves.
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San Marino
A castle sits atop a cliff looking over a vast valley town below in San Marino
Leonid Andronov / Shutterstock
San Marino, an enclave of central Italy about one-third the size of Washington D.C., features a rugged mountainous landscape of breathtaking beauty and wonder. The third smallest country in Europe, San Marino is home to the visually striking Monte Titano, or Mount Titan, which lies just southeast of the capital city of San Marino. The three towering peaks of Monte Titano house centuries-old fortresses and other notable structures, including a 19th century basilica, and the illustrious locale has been honored with the demarcation as a World Heritage Site.