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Mexican rice borers have crawled into southwestern Louisiana rice plants and are heading for the nation's sugar bowl, where the inch-long moth grubs are a much bigger threat.
Although they can do serious damage in rice fields, crawling in and out of the narrow stalks makes the caterpillars vulnerable to pesticides, while fat sugar canes give them permanent shelter, LSU Agricultural Center entomologist Gene Reagan said.
Louisiana grows about 40 percent of the nation's sugar, with another 45 percent or more grown in Florida. It's the nation's third-biggest rice-growing state, behind Arkansas and California.
The one Louisiana rice paddy where Mexican rice borers have been found so far was near Vinton, though they probably are in others, AgCenter rice expert Johnny Saichuk said Tuesday.
"It causes what farmers call a whitehead.... Grains are blanked out because there's no nutrients being carried up" the injured stem, he said.
He said the Vinton-area farmer had planted his other rice fields with insecticide-treated seeds, and they were fine. The infested field is one where he raises crawfish after harvesting rice, Saichuk said. To keep from poisoning his crawfish, he used untreated seed.
As the moth's range expands, it will become a problem for more farmers who rotate rice and crawfish, Saichuk said -- though even before its arrival, "the marriage between rice and crawfish production turned out not to be as good as people first envisioned."
The grubs, which hatch into brown moths about a half-inch to three-quarters of an inch long, eat a wide variety of grains and grasses.
U.S. entomologists found them in Arizona in 1917 and in California in the 1920s. But the threat to Louisiana's sugar became apparent only in the 1980s, when they reached some experimental sugarcane fields in Texas, Reagan said.
Reagan went to some of those farms. At that time, farmers still set fire to their fields just before harvest to burn the leaves from the stalks.
"There were more than a few fields that the farmers could not harvest at all. There was nothing to carry to the mill. They'd try to burn the trash and the field would just completely burn up," he said.
Reagan said it will probably take them another year or so to reach commercial sugarcane fields in Louisiana.
He and Texas A&M entomologist M.O. "Mo" Way have been studying ways to control the bug in sugarcane since the 1980s. Their list is topped by irrigation. Though the moths lay eggs on some green foliage in rice, "on sugarcane we've never found them on anything but brown and dying foliage," Reagan said.
Many pests tend to lay more eggs in stressed plants, and dry sugarcane leaves provide extra protection from weather and predators, he said: as the leaves wilt they fold, and eggs touch both sides of the fold.
Because Louisiana gets more rain than the Rio Grande Valley, the cane may be less attractive to the moths, he said. Agronomists also have been working to breed varieties of sugarcane that are resistant to the grubs -- and one of Reagan's students recently worked out why pesticides don't control the rice borer well in sugarcane. "The insect goes into the plant very quickly" after hatching, Reagan said.
He said the student, Blake Wilson, also has been working on how to time the pesticide. When traps baited with the sex attractant of female moths catch 20 to 25 male moths a week, pesticide residue is most likely to poison grubs as they hatch, he said.
All of that research has been done in the Rio Grande Valley and Beaumont areas. "We wouldn't even think of studying the live insect here at LSU until the insect is already here," he said.
"We've learned a lot about the ways we're going to try to manage the insect and get ready for it."
By Janet McConnaughey, Associated Press


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_URL_ Predicting patient survival of high -‐ risk surgeries Despite breakthroughs in surgical safety, some amount of risk will always exist. But for many high -‐ risk surgeries, choosing where to receive care can mean the difference between life and death. Given its potential impact on the health and well -‐ being of employees and their families, the quality of surgical ca re is also critically important to employers. Paying for surgeries through employer -‐ sponsored health insurance plans, these employers want nothing more than their valued workers back on their feet.
The Leapfrog Group, a national employer -‐ driven nonprofit watchdog organization, asks hospitals to report their performance each year and makes this information public, so health care consumers and purchasers can use it to compare hospitals and make the best choice for surgical care. The Leapfrog Hospital Survey focuses on four specific surgical procedures because they are both common and high -‐ risk, and the survival rates for these procedures vary widely across hospitals. Leapfrog calculates predicted survival rates, by hospital, for each type of surgery.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Do you have a Bible question for Stephen? Ask it HERE.
Why is Jesus called "the Lion of Judah"?
Barbara from Florida asked, In Rev. 5:5, why is Jesus called "the Lion of Judah"?
To answer your question we need to go back to the Old Testament. We read this in the book of Genesis:
[8] "Judah, your brothers shall praise you; your hand shall be on the neck of your enemies; your father's sons shall bow down before you. [9] Judah is a lion's cub; from the prey, my son, you have gone up. He stooped down; he crouched as a lion and as a lioness; who dares rouse him? [10] The scepter shall not depart from Judah, nor the ruler's staff from between his feet, until tribute comes to him; and to him shall be the obedience of the peoples. [11] Binding his foal to the vine and his donkey's colt to the choice vine, he has washed his garments in wine and his vesture in the blood of grapes. [12] His eyes are darker than wine, and his teeth whiter than milk (Genesis 49:8–12 ESV).
In that passage, Jacob was giving a prophetic address to each of his sons. When he came to Judah, he said that one would come from that tribe and would reign forever. Jacob used the imagery of a lion to refer to this ruler. Lions are strong and powerful and greatly feared. Hardly anyone would dare to mess with them.
So, when Jesus is called "the Lion of Judah" it is because He's the fulfillment of that prophecy. He's the promised one who reigns forever, strong and powerful like a lion.
Thanks for your question,
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Karakteristik dan Fragmen Sejarah Manuskrip Mushaf Alquran Dolah Bakri Bantul
This research aims to elaborate the characteristics of the Qur'anic manuscript of Dolah Bakri (MADB) by using philology and historical analysis. In its chronicle history, it shows that MADB appeared in Wonolelo in the 19th century. The use of paper, the technique of writing, the layout and illumination show its character as a mushaf born with the nuances of Javanese locality. In addition, when his contemporaries used mixed rasm, 'Uthma}ni} and imla}'i}, MADB consistently used the rasm 'uthma}ni}. From the social context, in Wonolelo, MADB was not merely as a Qur'anic mushaf which is used as a medium of reading for local Muslim community, but it had social and economic function as well. MADB could be a symbol of an economic power of its owner. MADB could also be a symbol of the integration of Islamic movement and social class identity of economic society.
Copyright (c) 2017 Mutawatir : Jurnal Keilmuan Tafsir Hadith
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.


Thought of the day - strong will power
Where there is a will there is a way
A man of strong will power is sure to succeed in life. To a man of will power nothing is impossible. Life is not a bed of roses. It is full of difficulties. At every step, we have to face dangers. If we have no strong determination, we may lose hope in life. Failure in life is largely because of a lack of strong mental make-up. Weak-minded persons lose all spirit when they fail. A strong-minded man never broods on defeat. He throws himself heart and soul into further efforts and achieves almost the impossible.
Usain Bolt motivational quote
Strong will power and determination
Strong will power and determination is the key of success. The history of Thomas Alva Edison (Thomas Edison's teachers said he was "too stupid to learn anything." He was fired from his first two jobs for being "non-productive." As an inventor, Edison made 1,000 unsuccessful attempts at inventing the light bulb) is an example. He tried and tried. At last, he succeeded. So, we can surely do something in life if we have a sincere desire and firm will to act.
This short motivational speech can change your life.
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This rainbow playsilk display is a beautiful way to organize your silks.
Simply hang on a wall and slip your playsilks through.
It's easy enough for children to do independently and encourages young ones to keep their playrooms tidy.
Cleaning instructions: Wipe down and clean using a drop of soap and lukewarm water.
Sarah's Silks is devoted to sustainability and ethics, utilizing natural materials, minimizing their ecological footprint and supporting communities. They make sure everything they do contributes to improving working conditions in communities, both locally and abroad, and the environment. Silk is a naturally biodegradable fiber and when treated with nontoxic dyes, it can go on to provide nutrition for soil instead of landing in a trashcan. Sarah's Silks are free from harmful chemicals, including toxins and irritants, and are 100% safe and healthy, even for babies. Sarah's Silks uses minimal environmentally friendly packaging.


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For the genus of fungi, see Gibellina (fungus).
Comune di Gibellina
Coat of arms of Gibellina
Coat of arms
Gibellina is located in Italy
Location of Gibellina in Italy
Coordinates: 37°49′N 12°52′E / 37.817°N 12.867°E / 37.817; 12.867
Country Italy
Region Sicily
Province Trapani (TP)
 - Mayor Arch Rosario Fontana (since 02/06/2010)
 - Total 45 km2 (17 sq mi)
Elevation 233 m (764 ft)
Population (2010)
 - Total 4,298
 - Density 96/km2 (250/sq mi)
Demonym Gibellinesi
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
 - Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code 91024
Dialing code 0924
Patron saint Saint Roch
Saint day 16 August
Website Official website
Gibellina (Sicilian: Gibbiddina) is a small city and comune in the mountains of central Sicily, Italy in the Province of Trapani. It was destroyed by the 1968 Belice earthquake.[1]
The new city, Gibellina Nuova, was rebuilt some 11 kilometres (7 mi) distant from the old one. The new city was designed by many of the most prominent artists and architects in Italy, but done in a piecemeal fashion so that the parts of the new city bear little relation to one another or to the indigenous architecture of Sicily.
Ruderi di Gibellina (as the ruins of the city are now referred to) remained just as it was after the earthquake, practically a ghost-town. Artist Alberto Burri covered the entirety of the ruins in concrete, while preserving the shape of the buildings and the streetscape. Additionally, Italian sculptor Pietro Consagra and Senator Ludovico Corrao formed an open air museum with a Consagra sculpture "Porta del Belice" or "Door to Belice" at the entrance. Consagra expressed a wish to be buried at Gibellina on his deathbed in July 2005.[2]
Ruderi di Gibellina by Gabriel Valentini


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Researchers have discovered that dolphins might be able to learn a new language! Four captive bottlenose dolphins in Port-Saint-Pere, France have repeatedly heard recorded whale sounds during their various performances at the aquatic park. When researchers recorded the dolphins talking in their sleep, they found that the animals actually made whale-like noises as opposed to dolphin sounds. It was suggested that the dolphins might actually be practicing their performances during their sleep and might have the ability to learn a new language if studies can confirm that the sounds are in fact whale language.
To find out more and hear the dolphins sleep talking, visit Science Now.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Eclipse and Maven Integration (without m2e)
This page describes how to integrate an EAR project in Eclipse or Eclipse-based IDE without m2e support. Normally however, using m2e (and m2e-wtp) should be the preferred way to integrate Maven and Eclipse. But in some rare cases that might not be possible.
If you have used mvn eclipse:eclipse to generate the metadata for an EAR project, it will want the application.xml file in the src/main/application/META-INF directory.
If you edit application.xml using the WTP based Application Deployment Descriptor editor, it will use the name of the projects (Web, EJB etc) as the name of the modules. Here is an example:
Obviously this does not have the typical Maven based version naming convention applied to it. This allows us to run the application internally within Eclipse using the test environments. When Maven is used to create the ear using mvn package, it will create the versionized application.xml file, if told to. However, by default it will not pick up the generated (versionized) one, it will use the existing one in the src/main/application/META-INF directory.
The solution to resolve this conflict is to have Maven generate the application.xml and use the generated one as opposed to the existing one.
This can be achieved via these two directives:
The first line tells Maven to generate a new application.xml file, by default in the target directory. The second line tells Maven to use it.


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Texas Governor Greg Abbott and Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton released the "Guidance for Houses of Worship During the COVID-19 Crisis" on Wednesday to clarify what Abbott meant when he claimed churches were essential in his latest round of executive orders.
In the clarification, Abbott and Paxton called on government officials and faith communities to work together to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and highlighted several guidelines for local officials to follow.
- The government must give special consideration to houses of worship when issuing orders related to COVID-19 crisis. Citing the First Amendment and the Texas Religious Freedom Restoration Act, they argue local officials must tread carefully when restricting certain services offered by the faith community.
- Houses of worship provide "essential services." Those services include religious gatherings in churches, congregations, and houses of worship. Those institutions like Prestonwood can provide essential services under certain conditions highlighted in Abbott's latest round of executive orders.
- Houses of worship must, whenever possible, conduct their activities from home or through remote audio or video services. Abbott and Paxton point out that large groups of people gathering at a megachurch just isn't going to cut during this public health crisis. So religious leaders must follow certain mitigation strategies to conduct those services, which means employing technology such as remote audio, video, or teleconference activities whenever possible.
- If a house of worship cannot conduct its activities remotely, then the White House and CDC guidelines still control in order to stop the spread of Coronavirus. Which means, they must follow these guidelines:
- Instruct sick employees, volunteers, and guests to stay home;
- Practice social distancing by maintaining appropriate distance between people;
- Maintain good hygiene by washing your hands frequently, using hand sanitizer, using your elbow to cover coughs, and not touching your face;
- Clean and disinfect work areas frequently.
- Some houses of worship must avoid large gatherings. Despite item 4's requirements, Abbott and Paxton recommends megachurches work with municipalities "to evaluate the rate of local community spread and determine the appropriate level of mitigation strategies to implement. "For example, more detailed guidance from the CDC currently recommends that if a community is experiencing substantial community spread of COVID-19, then the houses of worship in that community should cancel all in-person gatherings of any size. But if a community is experiencing moderate to substantial spread, then the CDC recommends a reduction of activities in coordination with local health officials, possible smaller gatherings incorporating social-distancing measures, cancelation of activities with 10 or more people when high-risk populations attend in person and use of creative means to deliver other faith-based services."
Abbott and Paxton end their guidance by pointing out that these restrictions do not violate the religious liberty of houses of worship. They argue that under the extraordinary circumstances in which we temporarily live, the government has a compelling interest for restricting their activities and services: to stop the spread of COVID-19.
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"All Texans must work together to stop the spread of COVID-19, and houses of worship face a particular challenge as we work to combat this pandemic," Paxton said in the press release. "This guidance provides clear direction for houses of worship to protect the health and safety of Texans as they continue to hold religious services, exercise their religious liberty, and serve their faith communities."


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A new educational concept, to train riders and horses.Tested and used by Michel Robert for a number of years, Flexy Jump poles have become the indispensable work aids to train his horses and his pupils. Price for a lots of 3 Flexy Jump In stock
A new educational concept, to train riders and horses.Tested and used by Michel Robert for a number of years, Flexy Jump poles have become the indispensable work aids to train his horses and his pupils.
Size: 10X10 sectionlength: 3m Weight: 1,5 kg
Materials used Foam pole covered by a high-resistance plastic covering, hermetically sealed.
YellowBlue- Red
Orange - Blue - Green
Using Flexy Jump poles Flexy Jump poles are used to train horses and riders. They are very versatile: Using Flexy Jump poles :. To rapidly build a ground course. To indicate the strides between jumps. To cadence the horse at the different gaits, and to adapt the strides very easily. To use as distance poles in front of, and behind jumps. To channel horses by drawing guides before and after jumps, or on a given line during flatwork. Set up on cones to close in a jump, or allow the lunge rein to slip over while on ground work. Placed in a "V" on traditional poles to help the horse to jump straight. To set up corners or a precise route during flatwork…
Flexy Jump advantages. Safety: built of a very supple foam material, Flexy Jump poles avoid the traumas linked to shocks with traditional wooden poles. Horses can walk on, or land on Flexy Jump poles without the slightest risk, thus allowing for a greater variety of educational set-ups. The noise and the motion provoked by the falling pole are sufficient to ensure discomfort, which increases the horse's carefulness while respecting its physical integrity.. Multifunction: Flexy Jump can be used in a very wide scheme of planning (see paragraph "uses"). Lightness: their light weight ensures a remarkable ease of use, including when the rider is alone, and has to change the poles while holding the horse on one hand.. Solidity: made of a non-rotting substance, Flexy Jump poles can spend time in water or mud without any deterioration. They need no maintenance.
Information and orders off-site _EMAIL_


Why the London Government Pays the Queen An Axe, a Knife, 6 Horseshoes and 61 Nails Every Year
Every October at the Royal Courts of Justice in London, a bizarre ritual is carried out. That's when an axe, a knife, six horseshoes and precisely 61 nails are given to the Queen's treasurer as taxes on two pieces of property that came into the crown's possession in 1211 and 1235. The two parcels have been part of the crown's holdings for so long that no one knows exactly where they are. The tax rate on them, however, hasn't changed for centuries. One piece of property, known simply as The Moors, is quite far from London in Shropshire, England. Rent for this is a knife and an axe. The second piece of property is near the Royal Courts of Justice in London. The rent on this property was and still is six horseshoes and 61 nails. The yearly ceremony is rarely reported upon and not heavily attended by the public. Still, it's a centuries-old ceremony that has been in place for English monarchs.


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|Parks||Centers & Pools||Activities||Reservations & Permits||Projects & Planning||A - Z Index|
The first public park within the city limits of Seattle was Denny Park - a gift to the city by David T. Denny in 1884.
In 1887, the Board of Park Commissioners was established to oversee development of the Seattle park system.
Seattle Parks Commissioners hired the famed Olmsted Brothers landscape
architecture firm in 1903 to design a comprehensive system of parks
and boulevards for the city. The Olmsted Plan for Seattles parks
spurred the early development of the Seattle park system and has been
the basis of our modern day park system.
Much of Seattle Park history was documented by Donald N. Sherwood (_PHONE_).
The Seattle Parks and Recreation's Sherwood History
Files is the incredible legacy of Sherwood, who worked as an engineer
for Parks for 22 years from 1955 to 1977.
Updated May 2, 2008
Park History» Sherwood History Files
» Olmsted Parks
»African Americans and
» Military Base Reuse
» Historic Landmarks
» Historic Resources Plan
Bonds & Major Gifts
»Researching Seattle's City Parks & Playfields (city archive)
Park History on» Olmsted Parks
»Olmsted Park Plan
John Charles Olmsted 1903
National Park Service
|Home | Partnerships | Park Board | Volunteer | FAQ | Parkways | Facebook | _USER_ | Flickr|


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The Brandenburg-Prussian Superior Board of Mines in Berlin Responsibilities, Tasks and Leading Personalities from 1810 to 1838
The fact that the Brandenburg-Prussian Superior Board of Mines or the Superior Board of Mines for the Provinces of Brandenburg and Prussia only existed for 28 years is probably why this authority has failed to receive the credit it deserved for its work in more recent histories of mining administration. Nevertheless, the establishment of this now virtually forgotten Superior Board of Mines in 1810 can be regarded as a result of the Stein-Hardenberg administrative reforms. To demonstrate this, the article begins with a brief review of the mining laws and the administration of the Prussian mining industry towards the end of the 18th century.
The report then describes in detail what led to the establishment of this provincial authority and how its responsibilities changed over the years from its foundation in 1810 to its dissolution in 1838. A close look is also taken at the Board's staff, in particular the long-standing head of the Board and subsequent Director of Mines, Hans Otto Philipp Martin. Before he took over the management of die Silesian Superior Board of Mines in 1833, he fought in the mid-1820s for the survival of the Brandenburg-Prussian Board, which was already doubtful only 15 years after its establishment. In the end, however, he was unable to prevent the Superior Board of Mines for Brandenburg and Prussia having to hand over its work to the Berlin Superior Mining Directorate and other subordinate authorities. It was finally dissolved in 1838.


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Tree Removal Regulations Waverley Council
You may be required to apply for a tree permit, or in some cases submit a development application. This will be necessary if your tree is:
- Five meters or more high with a trunk width of at least 300mm at ground level
- A canopy spread of at least five meters and trunk width of at least 300mm near the ground
- Found on the Significant Tree Register of the Waverley Council
- Is listed as a Heritage Item or forms part of such an item
Submitting the Correct Application
Knowing which form to submit is important and will save you time. For most trees in Waverley, an application is required for a tree permit.
If your tree is located in an area of Heritage Conservation, listed as significant on the Tree Register or considered as a heritage item, you'll need to complete a development application when requesting major pruning works. The same is true for removal that will impact the heritage status of the tree, heritage conservation area or heritage item itself.
Even if your tree falls into the development application category, you can still submit a tree permit application. A tree management officer from the Council will assess your request and determine if a development application is needed.
How Trees Are Inspected and Assessed
Tree inspections are performed by a highly qualified Council arborist who will provide a Visual Tree Assessment (VTA) to determine the tree's health, structure and current condition. Other criteria include:
- How pruning will affect the health of the tree
- The tree's amenity, cultural and environmental value
- Whether it is located within three meters from a residence, main building or significant structure
- Whether the form or shape of the tree is good or poor
- Whether the tree has caused damage to a building, ancillary structure, water main or sewer, and whether alternatives to remedy the damage have been explored
- Whether other vegetation has been planted nearby and if appropriate species can be planted to replace the tree
After the initial inspection and assessment are carried out, the information they reveal will be submitted as part of the tree permit application. All photographed or documented history pertaining to the tree should be submitted and will help provide a clearer, more concise assessment.


Approval cutoff
The approval cutoff, approval threshold or neutral preference level is an option that may be used with a ranked ballot. It allows the collection of the information necessary to create an Approval ballot. Note that the concept of an approval threshold can also be used in a theoretical sense[1] i.e. if a voter is deciding who to vote for in Approval voting, they may do so by thinking about their ranked preferences and mentally deciding who their least-preferred candidate is that they consider acceptable.
Specifying a neutral preference level indicates that candidates above a certain rank have positive preference, while candidates below that rank have negative preference. Positive preference is equivalent to an approval vote, while negative preference receives no approval vote.
Sometimes candidates at the approval threshold are also considered approved, instead of being treated neutrally. There may be a loose terminological tendency to use "approval cutoff" to indicate the neutral preference level option, and "approval threshold" to indicate this option.
When a method uses a ranked ballot with approval cutoff, the usual procedure is that the neutral preference level is set below all ranked candidates, and above unranked candidates.
A voter can set the approval cutoff above the default level by ranking an extra "Neutral Preference" candidate.
A voter may decide to set the neutral preference level between some ranked candidates in order to indicate that
 - among the non-approved candidates, some are more preferred than others.
 - the ranking of candidates above and below the line is not as important as having a candidate above the line defeat all candidates below the line.
It is also possible to consider fractional approval thresholds i.e. one threshold which gives candidates 100% approval, a second threshold that gives them 90%, etc. Thesr thresholds would be consecutive, so for example, a voter giving their 2nd choice 100% approval but their 4th choice 90% approval would also give their 3rd choice 90% approval. This would allow the collection of rated ballot information.
The approval threshold is usually indicated with a |, which can be visually highlighted by putting space after it. Example:
30: A>B| >C>D>E
This means 30 voters approve both A and B, but not C, D, and E.
Another way to implement the approval threshold in practice would be to let voters mark approval of the candidates directly (similar to Approval voting) alongside their rankings, and then for whichever of the approved candidates the voter ranked lowest, all candidates ranked equal to or higher than that candidate are also considered approved.
A preference-approval is a preference order that combines preference with approval. It can contain either weak or strong preferences. A complete preference-approval is a total preference order.
Rationality RestrictionsEdit
Here are some rationality restrictions on preference-approvals. Suppose there exists two alternatives, x and y:
1) If a given voter prefers x over y, and approves y, then she must approve x.
2) If a given voter prefers x over y, and does not approve x, then she must not approve y.
3) If a given voter is indifferent between x and y, and approves x, then she must approve y.
4) If a given voter is indifferent between x and y, and does not approve x, then she must not approve y.[clarification needed]
Note that these same restrictions can be applied to rated ballots or fractional/weighted approval thresholds i.e. a voter who prefers one candidate more than or equally to another must give the first candidate at least as high a score or degree of support as the second. The KP transform can be used to model this in terms of Approval ballots.
He are some expressions of preference-approvals and translations into natural language:
|x>y: "The voter prefers x over y, but approves neither." |x=y: "The voter is indifferent between x and y, but approves neither."
x|y: "The voter prefers x over y, but only approves x."
x>y|: "The voter prefers x over y, but approves both."
Steven Brams and Peter Fishburn used preference-approvals in their book "Approval Voting" in 1983, though it probably was used before then.
There are 2, 8, 44, 308,... different preference-approvals for 1, 2, 3, 4,... candidates (Sloan's A005649).
Total preference orderEdit
A total preference order is a complete preference-approval. In other words, it is a preference-approval that contains all alternatives competing in a given election.
Sometimes an approval threshold is also indicated using an ">=", for example, A>B| can be written as A>=B.
The logic of the approval threshold is that if a voter approves a candidate, and they prefer some other candidate(s) over the candidate they approved, then it's very likely that voter would also approve of those more-preferred candidates if voting with an Approval ballot, since otherwise they'd be giving more support to a candidate they prefer less than the candidates they'd be disapproving.
An approval threshold can be used in the context of rated methods as well. This can be useful for cardinal PR, since it could be possible to allow, for example, a Green Party voter to approve both Green Party candidates and Democratic candidates, using the approvals to ensure one of those preferred candidates wins, and then score the candidates in such a way as to maximize the odds that of the preferred candidates, one of the Green Party candidates wins.
It is generally assumed that a voter who doesn't indicate an approval threshold at least approves all of their 1st choice candidates. So if they had voted A=B=C>D>E, then A, B, and C would be considered approved.
See Smith//Approval for an example of the use of the approval threshold.
Brams, Steven J. & Fishburn, Peter C. Approval Voting. Cambridge, MA: Birkhäuser, Boston, 1983.
 1. "Score Voting Threshold Strategy". The Center for Election Science. Retrieved 2020-05-09.


organized meaning in hindi
Pronunciation of organized
organized Antonyms
organized Definitions and meaning in English
 1. formed into a structured or coherent whole
 2. methodical and efficient in arrangement or function
 3. being a member of or formed into a labor union
 4. arranged
 5. systematized
organized Sentences in English
 1. सुनियोजित
 An organized crime
 2. संगठित
 An organized body of workers
 3. व्यवस्थित
 A well organized event
 4. व्यवस्थित = disorgnised
 A well orgnised office
 5. एकीकृत = united
 An orgnised society.
 6. संगठित = integrated
 An orgnised society.
Tags: organized meaning in hindi, organized ka matalab hindi me, hindi meaning of organized, organized meaning dictionary. organized in hindi. Translation and meaning of organized in English hindi dictionary. Provided by a free online English hindi picture dictionary.


Difference Between Video Conference And Telepresence
Difference Between Video Conference And Telepresence. In this article, you will read about what is video conference, what is telepresence, what is the main difference between video Conference and telepresence, and a comparison between video Conference vs telepresence.
Difference Between Video Conference And Telepresence:
The main difference between the video conference and telepresence is that the video conference is an online meeting between two or more people that can be from various countries in which there is the transmission of video and audio data. While, telepresence means the technology in which a person feels to be present in a specific different location, but in reality, it is not present there. Telepresence uses the technology of virtual reality.
What Is Video Conference?
Difference Between Video Conference And Telepresence - What is video conference
A video conference is an exchange of audio and video at the same time between a various number of people. As many numbers of people of various countries can join the video conference at the same time. Video conferencing is done with the help of computer networks of different people living in separate geographical states. In simple words, videoconference is a meeting of people in which audio-video data is transmitted and other various features like the transmission of text and images.
To do video conferencing, we have to use any video conferencing software or video calling application. We need an online network, microphone, speakers and a video camera for video calling. Many online meetings, training and educational classes are done through video conferencing.
What Is Telepresence?
Difference Between Video Conference And Telepresence - What is telepresence
Tele means 'distant' and presence means 'to be present on a spot'. It means to be present in your required location without being there. Telepresence is a technology called virtual reality and is more advanced than video conferencing. In this technology, a person feels to be present there, although he is in a different location. It is a sophisticated robotic remote control. With the help of this remote control, a person can get connected at a remote location. It can have video conferencing tools and other robotic installations for the conveyance of audio and video. Telepresence has better audio quality and video quality than telepresence.
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Also check: Difference Between VPN and Firewall


Start a conversation
VIDELLO - Set up a Dynamic Variable with GetResponse
1. In your video add the dynamic tag i.e. [name] inside your text. You may use apps like Lower Third, Button, and other apps where you can write a text.
2. Login to your GetResponse account and create an email.
In your email template you can use personalize placeholders like [[name]] to show the name of the user inside the email message.
3. Create a link in your email template which you use to redirect you subscribers to the page where your video is embedded.
if your webpage is you should use[[name]]
Choose files or drag and drop files
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 1. VIDELLO Man
 2. Posted
 3. Updated


text:
Automated Audit using WAPITI
WAPITI is a simple command line to tool to automate the audit of a web application. It's free and open source and has had some recent edits and updates (WAPITI homepage). The pplication is available for contribution at (WAPITI Repository).
Please be aware this command line does not replace a manual audit but can be useful to perform a first validation or exploration of legacy projects.
It is also recommended that you perform a build of the app:
python setup.py install
python wapiti _URL_ -n 10 -b folder -u -v 1 -f html -o /tmp/scan_report
-n: Define a limit of urls to read with the same pattern (prevent endless loops), here limit to 10.
-b: Set the scope of the scan, here we analyze all the links to the pages which are in the same domain as the URL passed.
-u: Use color to highlight vulnerables parameters in output.
-v: Define verbosity level, here we print each url.
-f: Define report type, here we choose HTML format.
-o: Define report destination, in our case it must be a directory because we choose HTML format.
Attack modules used by WAPITI:
- backup: This module search backup of scripts on the server.
- blindsql: Time-based blind sql scanner.
- crlf: Search for CR/LF injection in HTTP headers.
- exec: Module used to detect command execution vulnerabilities.
- file: Search for include()/fread() and other file handling vulns.
- htaccess: Try to bypass weak htaccess configurations.
- nikto: Use a Nikto database to search for potentially dangerous files.
- permanentxss: Look for permanent XSS.
- sql: Standard error-based SQL injection scanner.
- xss: Module for XSS detection.
- buster: Module for a file and directory buster attack - checking for "bad" files.
- shellshock: Module for Shellshock bug detection.
A sample TXT report is available here.


text:
NURS 451 Resilience-Oriented Assessments – Assignment SolutionYou have explored different resilience-oriented assessments and interventions that can be used once the assessments have been completed. In this Assignment, you will have the opportunity to develop a fictional case study and then use a specific resilience-oriented assessment, a relational genogram, to map the relationships of the fictional family and then identify evidence-based interventions that can be used with either individuals or the family unit in the fictional case study. Please respond to the following:
- Develop a fictional case study that details a specific crisis event. The case study must include information about family relationships.
- The interventions can be either for a specific individual presented in the case study or the family unit as a whole. You can also identify one individual intervention and one family intervention. Be sure you clearly indicate if the intervention is for a specific individual or for the family as a whole.
- Evaluate the success of the interventions using empirical support (results of research studies on each intervention discussed above).


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I have some noisy audio files, which are voice recordings or lectures. There is no music, but the recordings are noisy.
Sometimes, the voice is not clear. Is there any software that can extract the clear voice out of those audio files? It would be better to have automated processing and batch processing supports.
I'm using Windows 7.
share|improve this question
2 Answers 2
Regardless of OS, Audacity can do this just fine. So says Wikipedia:
Noise Removal based on sampling the noise to be removed. Surface noise from records, for example, can be removed with hardly any discernable effect on the music.
See this Audacity Wiki entry for Noise Removal.
As for batch, see the manual page.
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just a short comment. Sometimes the recording is so bad, that it is almost impossible to extract the voice. And human ear is much more capable to filter out the voice, than any SW. I tried Audacity for some school lessons recordings and in many cases got only terribly sounding distorted voice like from cheap chinese radio in metal barrel - in fact not much better, than the source file. – Juhele Feb 5 '12 at 17:29
A generic noise removal program manipulating the sound will never ever reach the human brain understanding speech. It's not your ear, it's the brain using the redundancy of the human language, the likely context of the speech and so on. Try to understand random words in a made up language on a noisy track. – chx Feb 5 '12 at 18:07
You might want to try the expertise of _URL_
Here you have an example of what they can do:
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Your Answer


text:
Understanding a "Comfortable Wilderness"
At National Park sites such as Sleeping Bear Dunes National
Lakeshore, can we accept cultural landscapes as part of nature?
By Frank Edgerton Martin
When Americans think of national parks, they often envision sublime
valleys, geysers, and mountain peaks. But in nearly all states and
federal territories, the National Park Service (NPS) manages and
interprets landscapes where human presence is part of the story.
Such a landscape is Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore on North
Manitou Island, 11 miles off Lake Michigan's eastern shore.
Here, the harsh conditions of Great Lakes weather and lake effects
were tamed, through the century-long cultivation of orchards and
the legacy of the genteel culture of summer cottage tourism, to
create a "comfortable" wilderness.
The term "cultural landscape" was first defined in
the 1920s by geographer Carl Sauer, who saw the natural landscape
as a medium for the inevitable transformations of human settlement.
Sleeping Bear Dunes had a natural environment of soils, climate,
water, and dunes that attracted tourism, commercial fishing, and
fruit growing. This ecology of microclimates, harbors, and soils
served as a compelling lure and canvas for the human innovation
and expression that ultimately grafted a cultural dimension to the
island. North Manitou Island is unique in the richness of its combination
of scenic and cultural resources.
…To read the entire article, subscribe to LAM!
| Annual Meeting


Also found in: Thesaurus, Encyclopedia.
Related to agnatic: Agnatic primogeniture
1. Related on or descended from the father's or male side.
2. Coming from a common source; akin.
A relative on the father's or male side only.
[Latin agnātus, past participle of agnāscī, to become an agnate : ad-, ad- + nāscī, to be born; see genəin Indo-European roots.]
ag·nat′ic (ăg-năt′ĭk) adj.
ag·nat′i·cal·ly adv.
ag·na′tion n.
ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend:
Adj.1.agnatic - related on the father's sideagnatic - related on the father's side; "a paternal aunt"
related - connected by kinship, common origin, or marriage
References in periodicals archive?
(12) Ghurid presence at Bamiyan is well attested by Juzjani's Tabaqat-i Nasiri, composed at Delhi in the first half of the 13th century, which details the interactions between the principal ruling branch at Firuzkuh, an agnatic lineage at Bamiyan, and eventually a third Ghurid line at Ghazni.
Over time, these preferences created an overlapping and indeterminate field of kin relations, in which any given kin tie might be 'at once agnatic, matrilateral, and affinal' (Comaroff and Comaroff 1991: 138, emphasis in the original)--meaning that, in practice, kin relationships were susceptible to constant contestation and renegotiation, oriented around relative wealth, power, and so on (ibid:, see also Comaroff 1981).
Introducing and trying to provide life support to fanciful data by way of introducing agnatic kin to the Iban 'kindred' and fictitious classes to an egalitarian system tend to lead to futile discussions.
So, they are more dominant and agnatic as compared to women.
Political power is more diffused at the kindred which is the minimal segment of the lineage system in which all the agnatic descendants of a single ancestors which their compounds and farms (form)...
(7.) Schefller (1978:223, 250) also distinguishes AGA (Alternate Generation Agnatic) and AGU (Alternate Generation Uterine) as two types of AG equivalence rules.
When a woman is married, the rights over her are transferred from her father and family to her husband and his agnatic (descent) group.
The House of Saud follows an Agnatic Seniority principle of inheritance -- where the monarch's siblings (brothers) inherit the kingdom instead of his own sons.
Some of these activities included preparing of geology-mineral map with scale 1:5000 in the two east and west area of Moein Abad with 22.5 km and preparing geological-mineral map 1:1000 in the 300 hectare space, geophysical exploratory operation using IP-RS methods and measuring the agnatic by picking from 1360 points of measuring magnetics and 1358 points of IP and different sampling.
(69) Being "a self-ordained religious figure, he led a large militia force, "sustained by foreign funds." (70) Despite his failure to create a united front against the British, by forging unity between tribal agnatic rivals, Mahsuds and Wazirs, his message of holding "their nationality intact," to "allow neither the British Government nor the Amir to encroach upon their country, to compose their internal differences...
Wealhtheow inscribes herself into Danish history through her self-conscious performance as the mother who protects the agnatic line of the Scylding dynasty.


text:
'Walking on marbles' to soon become thing of past for arthritis patients
Researchers will be undertaking a new stage of a study aimed at improving the health and mobility of those suffering from the common complaint of "walking on marbles" associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) in the feet, it has been revealed.
Forefeet often contain some of the first joints to be affected and those with the condition often say that they feel like they are "walking on marbles".
Mostly, people have thought that this was due to walking on foot joints that are affected by the RA.
The Health Sciences' FeeTURA study however, developed new ways of assessing the forefeet through the use of diagnostic ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging techniques.
From this work, the University of Southampton researchers discovered that some of the swellings and associated feeling of 'walking on marbles' were related to inflamed bursae (a fluid-filled sac usually found in areas subject to friction) that had developed underneath the forefoot joints. These inflamed bursae were rarely detected by clinical examination.
The exact cause of the inflamed bursae is not known and a cure is yet to be found, however, the team is now looking at identifying inflammatory and mechanical markers to find the best ways of treating this complication in people suffering with RA.
They will evaluate foot health treatments, such as targeted steroid injections, as well as medical management through the use of new drugs (called biologics).
During the first stage of the study, which took place between 2006 and 2009, researchers at the University of Southampton developed a technique to better evaluate the forefeet and diagnose the'marbles' using diagnostic ultrasound.
Participants who were assessed at the NIHR Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility (WTCRF), based at Southampton General Hospital, returned for re-assessment in the second stage of the study which discovered the changes that had occurred in the condition.
A third stage used an MRI scan to visualise the anatomical structures and'marbles' more clearly in the forefeet (see photo) and resulted in researchers developing the first ever atlas to categorise the swellings originally identified in stage one.
Led by senior lecturer for Advanced Clinical and Expert Practice, Dr Catherine Bowen, this new stage of the treatment study will be carried out by clinical academic researcher, Lindsey Hooper, who recently won a prestigious special award from Wessex HIEC for the previously completed MRI work.
"Although more common in the UK than leukaemia and multiple sclerosis, awareness of the severity of rheumatoid arthritis is limited," Dr Bowen said.
"Our linked study aims to significantly improve the lives of those affected by the condition in their forefeet, reducing the severity of the symptoms including pain, inflammation, poor sleep, fatigue and depression, and therefore helping improve their mobility and wellbeing," she added.


text:
Start Evolves Webinar: Dan McClure on feedback loops for complex systems
07 July 2017
The Start Network's vision is a humanitarian system in which funding will be dependable and predictable, responses are based on humanitarian need and context-appropriate. For this to become reality, the Start Network needs to evolve into a global, decentralised 'network of networks'.
But what kind of organisation can help deliver such a complex system, one that can impact across the humanitarian sector? In this webinar, Dan McClure of ThoughtWorks discusses the importance of feedback loops in achieving emergent change, and how we can move away from traditional organisational structures.


Artists > Artist 33 of 57
Lyn Bungawanga
Lyn Bungawanga
Lyn's mother taught her the traditional pastime of weaving when she was a young girl. Lyn recalls sitting with her mother, grandmothers, aunties and cousins as the ladies wove and shared stories with one another. Whilst the women of the families, her father and uncles would often take her brothers and male cousins hunting and as an artist himself, also taught the importance of keeping culture strong through art.
Today, Lyn still collects pandanas daily and enjoys sharing her stories and weaving techniques with her children, grandchildren and extended family.
Dalabon, Jawoyn, Mayali
Maningrida : NT


text:
paintings can be very complex to deal with. Bark reacts to change in relative humidity and natural binders break down over time requiring consolidation (remedial work to prevent peeling paint and ensure the paint is stuck down on the bark). Treatments vary because natural ochres often react differently to the consolidant adhesives used as a binder. This can cause colour change and staining to the painting.
Some of the paint on this work has been extensively worn down, while the remaining paint is partially stable. Therefore, a consolidant will be applied in selected areas where the paint appears to be lifting or crumbling – a very delicate, time-consuming process.
Display of bark paintings is relatively straightforward, but requires care and sensitivity to minimise the risk of further damage.


Ilan Manouach
Ilan Manouach (Athens, 1980) is a multidisciplinary artist with a specific interest in conceptual comics. His book works claim for the importance of comics as a materially self-reflexive medium, unaffiliated to any general history of the medium. Since 2014, he concentrates his practice around Shapereader, a community-specific tactile constructed language, initially designed and conceptualized for the purposes of visually impaired users that promotes an embodied textual experience. In addition, he works as a book publisher and a musician. He is a PhD researcher at the Aalto University.


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Recently someone told me the term 'salty dog' refers to the practice of early maritime sailors taking dogs aboard ships as mascots because dogs could smell land before the sailors could see it, and would alert them when they were approaching a land mass so they wouldn't sail past it in the dark. I had no idea if the statement was true or false, so I looked it up. 'Salty dog' is indeed a nautical term, but refers to a sailor who has spent extended periods of time at sea; however, there was an early practice of rubbing salt through a dog's coat as an archaic practice to repel fleas. In theory, it probably worked because the dog, no doubt, died from sodium poisoning.
This does raise an interesting question. There is an Blues song, 'Salty Dog Blues', and the first line is, 'Let me be your salty dog, or I don't wanna be your man at all.' What do you suppose that means?


text:
Mining Publication: Technology News 453 - Navigation and Control of Continuous Mining Systems for Coal Mining
The primary focus of the U.S. Bureau of Mines (USBM) is to make mining safer and more healthful for mine workers. The USBM research program is developing technology that will allow computer-assisted operation of mechanized equipment normally used in underground room-and-pillar coal mining, while permitting workers to be located away from the hazardous coal extraction area (the face). Advanced navigation and control technologies are being developed for underground room-and-pillar and highwall coal mining that can be applied to commercially available mining equipment. The technology being developed uses off-the-shelf components, minimizing the effort required to adapt it to mining equipment. Because the new developments are completely modular, only the modules required in a particular application need be used on the system.


text:
Behind the ball fields, playgrounds, picnic tables and pretty fishing-lake, there are three hiking trails through this Macedonia city park.
Because the individual trails are rather short (combined, they total 3 miles) and the park is full of play equipment, Longwood is a great destination
Some aspects to consider when rating this park or playground:
1. Is the park, playground or recreational facility safe?
2. Is it clean and well maintained?
3. Does the park provide an active, creative or educational experience?
4. Is the park parent and child friendly?
5. Is it toddler, pre-k, small and big kid friendly?


Term of the Moment
digital media player
Look Up Another Term
Definition: thunk
In a PC, to execute the instructions required to switch between segmented addressing of memory and flat addressing. A thunk typically occurs when a 16-bit application is running in a 32-bit address space, and its 16-bit segmented address must be converted into a full 32-bit flat address. On the other hand, if a 32-bit program calls a 16-bit DLL, then the thunk is in the opposite direction: from 32 bit to 16 bit.


text:
I have a workflow to eliminate small polygons within a layer and merge them with adjacent polygons. My input is the result of a polygonization of a raster (has no overlaps) and it has one field "class".
In the first step I loop over all features and if a polygon is of class 0 (blue), and is too small, i change its class to a suitable neighbour.
Next I dissolve the features, according to their changed class values.
As you can see, the blue areas are dissolved successfully, however the island in the middle appears to have changed value. Actually there are now two polygons laying on top of each other there, a light green one, and the original one. The light green basically filled a hole during the dissolve process. This happens only for a couple of polygons, and not all of them.
Here's the code to change the values of the polygons:
def KFB_for_1_class (input, field_, c, area_threshold): feats = dis_temp = r"z:\dis.shp" layer = iface.addVectorLayer(input,"","ogr") layer.startEditing() layer_cpy = iface.addVectorLayer(input,"","ogr") print "cleaning class "+str(c) for f in layer.getFeatures(): if f[field_] == c and f["area"] < area_threshold: org_int = f[field_] candidates = for f2 in layer_cpy.getFeatures(): if f.geometry().touches(f2.geometry()): if f2[field_] not in candidates and f2[field_]!= org_int: candidates.append(f2[field_]) candidates.sort() if len(candidates) >0: f[field_] = candidates for i in (candidates): if abs(org_int - i) <= abs(f[field_] - org_int): f[field_] = i f["area"] = area_threshold + 1 layer.updateFeature(f) feats.append(f["id"]) print "feature " +str(f["id"]) + " changed from " + str(org_int) + " to " + str(f["int"]) print feats layer.commitChanges()
To dissolve I use this:
processing.runalg("qgis:dissolve", input, False, "class", dis_temp)
What I tried:
- using other dissolve tools within QGis (OGR, SAGA, [GRASS I could not get to work])
- cleaning Topology with v.clean according to Dissolve polygons in QGIS (GEOS) with tolerance
Both did not work. The different tools all ended up creating the same error.
How can I resolve this?


public static IEnumerable RemoveDuplicates(this ICollection list, Func Predicate)
 var dict = new Dictionary();
 foreach (var item in list)
 if (!dict.ContainsKey(Predicate(item)))
 dict.Add(Predicate(item), item);
 return dict.Values.AsEnumerable();
var employees = (from x in context.Employees
 join t in context.PhonesNumbers on x.EmpId equals t.EmpId
 select new { Employee = x, Phone = t });
//we now have multiple employee records if an employee had more than one phone number
employees = employees.RemoveDuplicates(x => x.EmpId);
Removes items from a collection based on the condition you provide. This is useful if a query gives you some duplicates that you can't seem to get rid of. Some Linq2Sql queries are an example of this. Use this method afterward to strip things you know are in the list multiple times
Double click on the code to select all.


How many valence electrons does scandium have?
Quick Answer
Scandium, element 21 on the periodic table, has 2 valence electrons. Valence electrons are the electrons that occupy the highest energy orbital of an atom. They are the electrons in an atom that participate in chemical reactions.
Continue Reading
Full Answer
Scandium's electron configuration is [Ar] 3d1 4s2. The 4s orbital is the one that houses its valence electrons. Since valence electrons are the primary electrons involved in chemical reactions, they are a key factor in determining an element's chemical properties. Elements in the same column, or group, of the periodic table have the same number of valence electrons, so they frequently have similar chemical and physical properties; scandium is a group 3 element, and it shares many physical properties with other group 3 elements, such as lutetium and yttrium. For example, these elements have very similar melting points.
Learn more about Atoms & Molecules
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text:
created 2007 · complexity basic · author Fritzophrenic · version 7.0
Many advanced text editors allow the editing of files in a "hex mode," especially useful for editing binary files. Vim provides this capability through the external program xxd, which is included by default in standard distributions of Vim. Unfortunately, using an external program for this task is non-intuitive and error-prone. A user must remember how to run the filter (:%!xxd to convert to hex, :%!xxd -r to convert back), must remember to convert back from hex before saving, cannot convert read-only files without warnings, and more. This tip improves the use of xxd to edit hex files by adding a mapping and command to easily toggle back and forth between hex and non-hex mode, and automating tasks like converting back from the hex-filtered form before saving a file.
Easily enter and leave hex modeEdit
Placing the following code in your vimrc will provide a
:Hexmode ex command to toggle xxd hex mode on or off. It will keep track of what mode you are in, so you don't have to. This ex command is easy to map like this:
nnoremap :Hexmode inoremap :Hexmode vnoremap :Hexmode
Note that is already a defined command, so override it with care (or use a different left hand side to the mapping). See :help CTRL-H, :help i_CTRL-H, :help v_CTRL-H. Also, you may need to use gvim to distinguish between and .
" ex command for toggling hex mode - define mapping if desired command -bar Hexmode call ToggleHex() " helper function to toggle hex mode function ToggleHex() " hex mode should be considered a read-only operation " save values for modified and read-only for restoration later, " and clear the read-only flag for now let l:modified=&mod let l:oldreadonly=&readonly let &readonly=0 let l:oldmodifiable=&modifiable let &modifiable=1 if!exists("b:editHex") ||!b:editHex " save old options let b:oldft=&ft let b:oldbin=&bin " set new options setlocal binary " make sure it overrides any textwidth, etc. let &ft="xxd" " set status let b:editHex=1 " switch to hex editor %!xxd else " restore old options let &ft=b:oldft if!b:oldbin setlocal nobinary endif " set status let b:editHex=0 " return to normal editing %!xxd -r endif " restore values for modified and read only state let &mod=l:modified let &readonly=l:oldreadonly let &modifiable=l:oldmodifiable endfunction
Automatically handle hex modeEdit
It would be nice if the user did not need to remember to convert back from hex before saving changes to a binary file. Also, certain files are almost always binary; it would be nice if Vim would pick up on this and automatically enter an appropriate editing mode. The help files for Vim include the following advice for automating the xxd-style hex editing capabilities for Vim, in order to automate the conversion and automatically enter hex mode for binary files:
" vim -b : edit binary using xxd-format! augroup Binary au! au BufReadPre *.bin let &bin=1 au BufReadPost *.bin if &bin | %!xxd au BufReadPost *.bin set ft=xxd | endif au BufWritePre *.bin if &bin | %!xxd -r au BufWritePre *.bin endif au BufWritePost *.bin if &bin | %!xxd au BufWritePost *.bin set nomod | endif augroup END
There are a few problems with this approach:
- Only files with a.bin extension are opened this way, even if editing a file in binary mode (e.g. with ++bin)
- This sets the binary option for any future documents opened as well. If you use tabe, for example, or if you have Vim set up to open new files in tabs, then any new files opened will open in binary mode.
- If you decide to edit a binary file without the xxd, the BufWrite autocommands will try to convert it with xxd -r anyway.
- Viewing a file in "xxd mode" requires you to modify the file, so read-only files will warn you if you try to do so, even if you make no changes. Buffers with 'nomodifiable' will cause errors.
- If you go back into non-xxd editing, the filetype will still be xxd.
These problems can be fixed as follows:
- Trigger on all files if they are being edited with the binary option. Modify the extension-specific autocmd to set the binary option.
- Use setlocal rather than using the global binary option.
- Maintain a variable for each buffer that tracks whether the file is in "xxd mode". Only restore to non-xxd before writing if this variable says we are in the appropriate mode.
- Temporarily clear the read-only flag whenever you transition between xxd and non-xxd mode, resetting it afterward.
- Store the filetype when entering xxd mode and restore it when leaving.
Below is some code for your vimrc that does all of this, making use of the command we define above:
" autocmds to automatically enter hex mode and handle file writes properly if has("autocmd") " vim -b : edit binary using xxd-format! augroup Binary au! " set binary option for all binary files before reading them au BufReadPre *.bin,*.hex setlocal binary " if on a fresh read the buffer variable is already set, it's wrong au BufReadPost * \ if exists('b:editHex') && b:editHex | \ let b:editHex = 0 | \ endif " convert to hex on startup for binary files automatically au BufReadPost * \ if &binary | Hexmode | endif " When the text is freed, the next time the buffer is made active it will " re-read the text and thus not match the correct mode, we will need to " convert it again if the buffer is again loaded. au BufUnload * \ if getbufvar(expand(""), 'editHex') == 1 | \ call setbufvar(expand(""), 'editHex', 0) | \ endif " before writing a file when editing in hex mode, convert back to non-hex au BufWritePre * \ if exists("b:editHex") && b:editHex && &binary | \ let oldro=&ro | let &ro=0 | \ let oldma=&ma | let &ma=1 | \ silent exe "%!xxd -r" | \ let &ma=oldma | let &ro=oldro | \ unlet oldma | unlet oldro | \ endif " after writing a binary file, if we're in hex mode, restore hex mode au BufWritePost * \ if exists("b:editHex") && b:editHex && &binary | \ let oldro=&ro | let &ro=0 | \ let oldma=&ma | let &ma=1 | \ silent exe "%!xxd" | \ exe "set nomod" | \ let &ma=oldma | let &ro=oldro | \ unlet oldma | unlet oldro | \ endif augroup END endif
This will make Vim automatically invoke hex mode using the command defined earlier whenever a file is opened in binary mode, and will automatically (locally) set binary mode for.bin and.hex files (so.bin and.hex files will automatically open in hex mode always).
You may need to take steps to avoid the "Hit ENTER to continue prompt if you use this tip.
Here are commands to use to launch any file(s) in hex mode in a separate "hex editor" Vim server. Under Windows, you can easily add these commands to your "Send To" menu if you use the full path for gvim.exe in place of "vim". Remove the "-p" and "--remote-tab-silent" option if you do not want the tabbed interface. The -c "set binary" ensures that any tabwidth, wrap, etc. settings are overwritten after the file finishes loading.
- Launch in tabs in a new dedicated Vim hex editor:
vim -p -b -c "set binary" --servername HEXVIM
- Launch in tabs in an existing dedicated Vim hex editor:
vim -b -c "set binary" --servername HEXVIM --remote-tab-silent
- :help hex-editing
- :help :autocmd
- :help internal-variables
- :help edit-binary
script#666 provides similar (and extended) capability, though I have never used it and can't vouch for its usefulness/completeness/correctness.


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I am working with a network object where the nodes are different events in molecular biology.
Specifically; Catalytic activity of X, RNA expression of X, GTP-bound activity of X, Kinase activity of X, Oxidoreductase activity of X, Phosphatase axtivity of X, Transcriptional activity of X, Phosphorylation at residue Y.
What is the difference between RNA expression and Transcriptional activity? And which is the one that an Affymetrix microarray is measuring? eg.; transcriptional activity of KLF2, transcriptional activity of ATF2 RNA expression of HSPA1A RNA, and expression of CYP1B1
share|improve this question
I'm not familiar with what you're doing, but off the top of my head I'd say that the RNA Expression might be referring to everything post-nucleus in that the Introns are missing. The Transcriptase would show more activity because it would still Transcribe both Introns and Exons. – MCM Feb 20 '13 at 12:55
1 Answer 1
In your case, RNA expression and transcriptional activity probably differ in the stage of processing. Transcriptional activity refers to the binding and processive activity of RNA polymerase. There are different ways to measure this experimentally, but with a microarray you are measuring the amount of actual transcripts relative to the control array.
RNA expression usually refers to the amount of mature transcripts but is often used interchangeably with transcriptional activity. The distinction is made at the sample extraction stage and whether or not the RNA was selectively recovered using poly-A selection or other methods that isolate mature transcripts.
What your microarray will measure depends on the probe library constructed on the array and whether you are applying total RNA or selective RNA. Probes matching mature transcripts report for RNA expression. Probes matching immature or nascent transcripts can be used to measure transcriptional activity.
Careful probe design is required to distinguish between the different levels of processing.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Assume that a 100 pW He-Ne single-mode last emits light at 633 nm in a TEM00 Gaussian beam.
(a)What is the mean number of photons crossing a circle of radius equal to the waist radius of the beam $W_0$ in a time T=100 ns?
(b) What is the root-mean-square value of the number of photon counts in (a)?
(c) What is the probability that no photons are counted in (a)?
Here is my solution. Could somebody please double check it?
A. $h=6.63 \times 10^{-34}$
Photon flux = $(100\times10^{-12})/((h)(4.74\times10^{14}))=3.18\times10^{8}$
Mean number of photons = $3.18\times10^{8} *(100\times10^{-9})=31.8$
B. $\sqrt{((31.8)^2/(100\times 10^{-9})}$
C. probability = 1-.86 =.14
share|improve this question
closed as too localized by Qmechanic, David Z Nov 14 '12 at 6:33
Hi John - generally we discourage questions that just ask for someone to check your work. Once you have identified the specific concept that you're not sure about, that's the point at which it's appropriate to ask a question here. – David Z Nov 14 '12 at 6:33


text:
int WidthInInches(int feet);
// Initialize variables by calling functions.
int feet = WidthInFeet();
int wd = WidthInInches(feet);
// Display results.
std::cout << "Width in inches = " << wd;
std::cout << "Enter width in feet: ";
std::cin >> feet;
int WidthInInches(int feet)
return feet * 12;
I'm a new to C++ and I understand that it reads up to down. However, I don't understand how the last part could return a number and then that number is returned to the out line in the main function. Can someone please explain this?


Frequently Asked Questions
What is 'No Load Speed'?
The maximum speed a cordless drill driver can reach without a load (when it's not driving screws or drilling holes).
Manufacturers give the tool's speed at no-load because once the drill driver begins driving screws or drilling, its maximum speed will vary depending on how demanding the task is.
A cordless drill driver's speed will be presented as a number followed by 'RPM'. The higher the number, the higher the tool's maximum no-load speed.


Is there a way that I can use the same monitor with both my desktop and notebook computers, without constantly switching cables?KVM Switch
You need a KVM switch (KVM stands for keyboard, video, monitor). This lets you hook a single keyboard, monitor, and mouse up to multiple PCs and notebooks. The actual computers can run simultaneously, while the monitor displays only what's running on the selected computer; the mouse and keyboard control the selected system.
A button on the front of the KVM lets you toggle between systems. In your case, you wanted the monitor to extend the amount of data displayed on your notebook. That's no problem, as long as your notebook supports dual displays.D-Link DKVM-2
KVM switches are particularly useful in server rooms, where dozens of servers can be hooked into one KVM. For your purposes, though, a personal KVM switch is perfect. A good place to start is with a D-Link DKVM-2 ($49 direct), which can handle two PCs. (Similar switches are available from companies such as Avocent, Belkin, and Linksys.) The DKVM-2 comes with two PS/2 mouse ports and two PS/2 keyboard ports. As with most switches, the cables cost extra, so make sure you buy the shortest cables you can. Six-foot cables are about $15 each.
If you're using a notebook with only one PS/2 connector, you may want to use a docking station with two connectors. (D-Link Systems Inc., )
—Richard Fisco, Technical Director


text:
Big City Mountaineers transforms the lives of under-served youth through wilderness mentoring expeditions that instill critical life skills. We partner with community-based youth organizations and caring adult volunteers who act as mentors in the field to help young people realize their potential. Our curriculum improves self-esteem, responsibility, decision-making abilities and communication skills in close to 1,000 youth annually. BCM has a proven track record of improving young peoples' lives with:
- Increased likeliness to stay in school
- Reduction in violence
- Reduction in drug use
In addition to adult mentors who donate a week of their lives to improve the future of the youth we serve, we also rely on the support of our Summit for Someone climbers. Without the dozens of courageous volunteers who sign up for Summit For Someone each year, BCM would cease to exist. Our SFS climbers take on two formidable commitments: mentally and physically preparing to climb one of North America's most challenging peaks, and raising thousands of dollars. All to help improve the lives of kids they might never meet.
The team at Big City Mountaineers would like to thank all our colleagues in this endeavor: our volunteers, climbers and donors. Together we will continue impacting lives and delivering transformative wilderness mentoring experiences. Big City Mountaineers operates under special use permits from the USDA Forest Service and National Park Service, Big City Mountaineers is an equal opportunity service provider and employer.
The core Big City Mountaineers program is a week-long wilderness mentoring expedition where youth are given the opportunity to experience the beauty and challenges of the wilderness alongside supportive adult mentors. What had begun as a simple backpacking trip with at-risk teen 25 years ago has now evolved into a documented and well-tested progression of experiences coupled with opportunities for reflection and learning.
BCM Weeklong Expeditions:
- Provide wilderness mentoring opportunities to under-resourced youth ages 13 to 18.
- Cultivate relationships between youth and caring adult mentors.
- Offer a unique 1-to-1 ratio of adults to youth.
- Improve teen self-awareness and personal responsibility.
- Promote group development and effective communication.
- Partner with existing youth development agencies to better address the ongoing needs of under-resourced youth.
- Deliver safe wilderness expeditions led by professional field instructors.
WHO they SERVE:
- 50% are from single parent or guardian-led households;
- 83% are from families living below the poverty line;
- 10% have experienced homelessness
- 14% have experienced violence at school


Quick Answer: Why Does My Tummy Hurt After Eating Pineapple?
Why pineapple is bad for you?
Pineapple Risks and Warnings Because bromelain breaks down proteins, it can "eat away" at your flesh.
For this reason, it's also an ingredient in meat tenderizer.
But as soon as you swallow the fruit, your stomach acids destroy the flesh-eating enzyme.
Some people have an allergy to pineapple..
Can pineapple make you feel sick?
The juice from unripe pineapples can cause severe vomiting. Bromelain ingestion is associated with a low incidence of adverse reactions, including diarrhea, excess menstrual flow, nausea, skin rash, and vomiting. Swelling of the mouth and cheeks can result from eating large amounts of the fruit.
What foods are high in bromelain?
You can get papain and bromelain by eating raw papaya and pineapple, respectively. You can also buy these proteolytic enzymes in concentrated supplement form. Though pineapples and papayas are the most common sources of proteolytic enzymes, other dietary sources include ( 6, 7, 8 ):
Can pineapple give you tummy ache?
Can bromelain cause stomach pain?
Can you get sick from bad pineapple?
Pineapple food poisoning is possible. The skin of a pineapple can be contaminated by bacteria such as staphylococcus and then transferred to the edible parts when being cut. Staph food poisoning can occur as soon as 30 mins after eating and symptoms can include nausea, vomiting, and stomach ache.
Why do pineapples eat you back?
Should I take bromelain on an empty stomach?
Your doctor may recommend that you take bromelain with meals in order to aid digestion, or on an empty stomach to reduce inflammation.
Why does my mouth hurt after eating pineapple?
The irritation is caused by a combination of enzymes in pineapples called bromelian, which break down proteins and essentially attack your tongue, cheeks, and lips on contact. … So if your mouth hurts after eating raw pineapple, you're not alone—it happens to virtually everyone.
What are the side effects of eating pineapple?
Can you be intolerant to pineapple?
You may have the symptoms of a pineapple allergy immediately after being exposed to the fruit, or it could take up to several hours for your first symptoms to appear. Intense itching and hives are often the first symptoms of an allergic reaction. Hives may show up on one or more places on your body.
How do you get rid of pineapple aftertaste?
Or pair the fruit with a creamy dairy product (yogurt, ice cream, crème fraîche). Not only will this taste very good, but it will also give the bromelain another protein to digest and help neutralize the pH. So go forth and eat as much pineapple as your little heart desires, fearlessly.
Does pineapples cause gas?
Some fruit juices such as pineapple, orange, and tomato are high in acid, which can irritate the gastrointestinal tract and result in swelling and bloating. So, water is your best bet when it comes to quenching your thirst. "Drinking enough water is key to helping reduce bloat," Dr. Shemek says.
Can I drink water after eating pineapple?
Can pineapple cause miscarriage?
How do you stop your tongue from hurting after eating pineapple?
However an episode of Netflix show Ugly Delicious asserts that salt water can help render the bromelain ineffective. Therefore, soaking a fruit in salt water is said to help stop the burning sensation.
What happens if I eat pineapple everyday?
So to sum up, eating pineapple is good for your body both inside and out – eating a few slices of fresh pineapple a day can defend your body from harmful free radicals and disease, help your digestion by cleaning the body's organs and blood, increase your energy intake and boost metabolism, nourish your hair, skin, …
What does pineapple do for a woman?
How do pineapples help you sexually?
Does pineapple make your VAG taste sweeter?
There's no scientific evidence to suggest that pineapple affects how your vagina smells or tastes.
What are the side effects of taking bromelain?
Side effects commonly associated with bromelain include abnormal uterine bleeding, diarrhea, drowsiness, heavy menstruation, increased heart rate, indigestion, nausea, and vomiting.


Archived:Why Won't My WSN Node Connect to the Network?
Updated May 4, 2021
National Instruments does not actively maintain this document.
Reported In
 - Analog Input Node for WSN
 - Strain/Bridge Node for WSN
 - Serial Interface Node for WSN
 - Thermocouple Input Node for WSN
 - WSN-9791
 - WSN-9792
 - RT Controller with Integrated Gateway for WSN
 - NI-WSN
Issue Details
I have a wireless sensor network (WSN) node that is consistently indicating that it is trying to connect to a network and is not returning any data. Why won't the node connect to the network?
A node may fail to connect to the network for a variety of reasons. Use the following guide to help troubleshoot this problem:
 1. Make sure that the node has been added to the gateway.
In order for a node to connect to a network, the gateway must expect it to be a member. It is possible that the node has not been properly added to the gateway in MAX. Also check that your configuration settings have been applied. For more information on how to add a node to the gateway, refer to Start»All Programs»National Instruments»Wireless SensorNetwork 1.0»Configuring WSN in MAX.
 1. Verify that the node is in communication range of an available gateway or router.
It is possible that the node is simply not able to communicate with the gateway or any routers. The node's outdoor range is up to 300 m for American models. Europe/Asia models have an outdoor range up to 150 m. Make sure that the node is within this distance to its desired parent. Also keep in mind that even though the nodes have this listed specification, it is possible for sources of interference to significantly limit this range. If possible, first place the node close to its parent and allow it to connect, then move it to its desired location and see if it can maintain its connection.
 1. Verify that your network configuration properly avoids the possibility for a stranded node.
Gateways and routers can only facilitate the communication of 8 end nodes at a time. If your network contains more than 8 end nodes, it is possible for some of them to become stranded and fail to join. For more information on how to prevent stranded nodes, refer to pg. 15 the NI WSN-9791 Ethernet Gateway user manual or page 22 of the NI 9792 WSN Real-Time Gateway user manual.
 1. Make sure the node is not searching on the wrong channel.
If a node was previously connected to a network on a different communication channel it may still be attempting to join on that channel. To ensure that this is not an issue, hold the Communication Button on the node for at least 5 seconds to allow it to restart the connection process.
 1. Check that the node is not simply asleep.
After failing to join a network, an end node will sleep before trying to reconnect. This is done to help conserve power. The node will sleep an increased amount of time between failed attempts. The nodes use the Fibonacci sequence (1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55) to determine wait times. The nodes can wait up to 55 minutes between connection attempts. As result the end node may simply be asleep and may not be actively trying to join the network. To force joining attempts from the node, either hold down the Communication Button on the node for at least 5 seconds or press the Reset button.
 1. Check that other nodes that have not been added to the gateway are not currently trying to connect.
Connection problems can occur if multiple nodes are attempting to connect to the network but are not being allowed by the gateway because they have not been added in MAX. When this happens, there is a chance that nodes that are permitted to join will not be able to. This problem should resolve itself eventually on its own. However, the best way to prevent this behavior is to ensure that all of your nodes have either been added to the gateway in MAX or have been powered down.
 1. If after verifying the above the node still will not connect, it may have incompatible or corrupt firmware.
It is possible that the node firmware is incompatible with the gateway or is corrupt. It is also possible for a user-created program running on the node to prevent the node from communicating regularly. This will cause the node to drop from the network and can prevent it from rejoining. To resolve this problem, reset the node to its factory firmware by pressing and holding the Reset button for at least 5 seconds. The node should then reconnect and allow the appropriate firmware to be reinstalled.


text:
Institute of Electrical & Electronic Engineers
This paper presents a flexible irregular model for heterogeneous cloud storage systems and investigates how the cost of repairing failed nodes can be minimized. The fractional repetition code, originally designed for minimizing repair bandwidth for homogeneous storage systems, is generalized to the irregular fractional repetition code, which is adaptable to heterogeneous environments. The code structure and the associated storage allocation can be obtained by solving an integer linear programming problem. For moderate sized networks, a heuristic algorithm is proposed and shown to be near-optimal by computer simulations.


Marathi in Kenya
Photo Source: A Daniel
Send Joshua Project a map of this people group.
People Name: Marathi
Country: Kenya
10/40 Window: No
Population: 500
World Population: 71,100
Primary Language: Marathi
Primary Religion: Hinduism
Christian Adherents: 2.00 %
Evangelicals: 0.00 %
Scripture: Complete Bible
Online Audio NT: No
Jesus Film: Yes
Audio Recordings: Yes
People Cluster: South Asia Hindu - other
Affinity Bloc: South Asian Peoples
Progress Level:
Introduction / History
Marathi is actually a language that originated in what is now Maharashtra, a state in western India. Marathis migrated to Kenya from India in the late 1800s. They originally came as indentured workers to work in the construction of the Uganda railway. Once the construction of the railway was completed, many of the workers not only chose to stay in Africa, but they also sent for their families to join them. They settled in Nairobi where they had more privileges than local Africans.
Where Are they Located?
Marathi speakers live all over India, but also in Great Britain, the US, Canada, Australia, and just about any African country that was once a British colony, including Kenya. There are very few of them in Kenya today.
What Are Their Lives Like?
Their astute business acumen enabled them to set up thriving businesses. Their new found economic strength enabled them to wield political power as well. Even though they are well assimilated into Kenyan society through prolonged stay in the country, they still have very close ties to India. Marriage and other social ties only happen between members of their own community. This has ensured the strengthening of ties with their cultural and religious roots in India.
What Are Their Beliefs?
Marathi people in Kenya are mainly Hindu. Like most prosperous Hindu communities, religion is only a way to connect with their community and to gain favor with whatever spiritual forces control their lives.
What Are Their Needs?
Marathi people in Africa need spiritual hunger that will drive them to seek and find the abundant life offered by Jesus Christ.
Prayer Points
* Pray that the Marathis in Kenya will become part of God's kingdom as they experience the savior.
* Pray that their ability to make money and lead prosperous lives will not keep them from having the spiritual hunger it takes to seek and find Jesus Christ.
* Pray for a Disciple-Making movement among Marathi people in Kenya that will spread throughout Africa.
Text Source: Keith Carey


Add a Person Record
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People records let you create, track, and search information about your members. You must be a group admin in order to create or modify people records.
An individual's person record is distinct from their Faithlife account. While a Faithlife account is created and controlled by that individual, the person record is created and managed by an organization. As a group admin, you can link person records to a Faithlife account that is a member of your group. This will add some information from that account to your person record. There are multiple ways to create a person record. Select the method that works best with your workflow.
Skip ahead to:
Invite a member to your group
Add an individual
Bulk import people records
Create a digital connection card
Create a family record
Search your people records
Invite a member to your group
Faithlife automatically generates a person record for each member or follower of your group. Learn how to invite members to your group.
Add an individual
 1. Navigate to your group on
 2. In your group's Admin panel, click People.
 1. Click Add Person.
 1. Provide a name, and select whether the individual is a child or an adult. If desired, you can add a photo of the individual (this photo may be visible to any member of your group).
 2. Click Create.
 1. The person record will open. You can provide additional information about the individual (Learn more about populating a person recordor click Done. To add another person record, click Add Another.
Bulk import people records
You can import people records from another system using a CSV file.
 1. Export your people records from your old system in CSV file format. Faithlife can interpret CSV files from most record management systems.
 2. Check your file. Look through the file to make sure all of the data in columns match column headers. To import families, we recommend having a "Family" column in your spreadsheet. Add the family name in that column next to each person in the family. If a family has multiple surnames, separate the names with commas.
 3. Navigate to your church group on
 4. In your group's Admin panel, click People.
 1. Click the more options icon, then select Import from CSV.
 1. Select the.csv file you exported. A window will appear with three columns.
 - The first column displays column names from the first row of your.csv file.
 - The second column displays the corresponding field on the Faithlife platform.
 - The third column displays the type of data corresponding to each column.
 1. Ensure that the first and second columns match as closely as possible. For anything you can't match, select Notes in the second column. Do not leave empty rows in the second column. If you do, that data will not be imported.
 2. Check the data types in the third column and make sure they correspond to the first and second columns. (for example, that email addresses are correctly designated with the email address data type).
 3. Check or uncheck File contains a header row.
 4. Check or uncheck Update existing. If you leave this checked, the system will search for corresponding people records and override them instead of creating new ones (the system will ask you to confirm the changes).
 5. Click Done. It may take a few moments for the system to process all of the data--do not press Done more than once. When it's ready, your people records will appear in the People area of your church group.
Create a digital connection card
Digital connection cards provide a way to quickly create one or more person records, even with limited information.
 1. Navigate to your church group on
 2. In your group's Admin panel, click People, then click Add Connection Card.
 1. In the text box, type a name and any additional information you want to be associated with that person record (such as age or gender). The system will parse the information you provide and assign it to the relevant fields.
Note: To create more than one person record at a time, insert a comma or "and" between the information for each person.
 1. Press Enter. Based on your input, one or more person records will be created. If you add more than one person, the system will ask if you'd like to add all new records to a family record.
Create a family record
Family records link individual person accounts in a family unit, which has certain types of data associated with it (such as an address, phone number, etc.). Adding people via a family record is the best approach when it's more important to get the whole family in the system than it is to provide detailed information to a single person record.
You can create a new family record from existing or new person records, or using a combination of existing and new records.
 1. Navigate to your church group on
 2. In your group's Admin panel, click People, then click Families.
 1. Click Add family
 2. Add individuals to the family by clicking + Add Family Members and typing a name in the search box that appears.
 1. If a person record for that individual exists, click it to add it to the family record. Otherwise, click Create a new record. Repeat this step for each family member.
 1. After you've added individuals to the family record, provide a family name, address, etc. in the boxes below.
Learn more about creating Family records.
Search your people records
Once you've added people records to your church group, you're ready to search and create lists of your members. Learn more here.
Was this article helpful?
Suggest an improvement or request a feature
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text:
|pygame.mask.from_surface||—||Returns a Mask from the given surface.|
|pygame.mask.from_threshold||—||Creates a mask by thresholding Surfaces|
|pygame.mask.Mask||—||pygame object for representing 2d bitmasks|
Useful for fast pixel perfect collision detection. A Mask uses 1bit per pixel to store which parts collide.
New in pygame 1.8.
Makes the transparent parts of the Surface not set, and the opaque parts set.
The alpha of each pixel is checked to see if it is greater than the given threshold.
If the Surface is color keyed, then threshold is not used.
This is a more featureful method of getting a Mask from a Surface. If supplied with only one Surface, all pixels within the threshold of the supplied color are set in the Mask. If given the optional othersurface, all pixels in Surface that are within the threshold of the corresponding pixel in othersurface are set in the Mask.
|pygame.mask.Mask.get_size||—||Returns the size of the mask.|
|pygame.mask.Mask.get_at||—||Returns nonzero if the bit at (x,y) is set.|
|pygame.mask.Mask.set_at||—||Sets the position in the mask given by x and y.|
|pygame.mask.Mask.overlap||—||Returns the point of intersection if the masks overlap with the given offset - or None if it does not overlap.|
|pygame.mask.Mask.overlap_area||—||Returns the number of overlapping 'pixels'.|
|pygame.mask.Mask.overlap_mask||—||Returns a mask of the overlapping pixels|
|pygame.mask.Mask.fill||—||Sets all bits to 1|
|pygame.mask.Mask.clear||—||Sets all bits to 0|
|pygame.mask.Mask.invert||—||Flips the bits in a Mask|
|pygame.mask.Mask.scale||—||Resizes a mask|
|pygame.mask.Mask.draw||—||Draws a mask onto another|
|pygame.mask.Mask.erase||—||Erases a mask from another|
|pygame.mask.Mask.count||—||Returns the number of set pixels|
|pygame.mask.Mask.centroid||—||Returns the centroid of the pixels in a Mask|
|pygame.mask.Mask.angle||—||Returns the orientation of the pixels|
|pygame.mask.Mask.outline||—||list of points outlining an object|
|pygame.mask.Mask.convolve||—||Return the convolution of self with another mask.|
|pygame.mask.Mask.connected_component||—||Returns a mask of a connected region of pixels.|
|pygame.mask.Mask.connected_components||—||Returns a list of masks of connected regions of pixels.|
|pygame.mask.Mask.get_bounding_rects||—||Returns a list of bounding rects of regions of set pixels.|
Coordinates start at (0,0) is top left - just like Surfaces.
The overlap tests uses the following offsets (which may be negative):
+----+----------.. |A | yoffset | +-+----------.. +--|B |xoffset | | : :
You can see how many pixels overlap with the other mask given. This can be used to see in which direction things collide, or to see how much the two masks collide. An approximate collision normal can be found by calculating the gradient of the overlap area through the finite difference.
dx = Mask.overlap_area(othermask,(x+1,y)) - Mask.overlap_area(othermask,(x-1,y)) dy = Mask.overlap_area(othermask,(x,y+1)) - Mask.overlap_area(othermask,(x,y-1))
Returns a Mask the size of the original Mask containing only the overlapping pixels between Mask and othermask.
Sets all bits in a Mask to 1.
Sets all bits in a Mask to 0.
Flips all of the bits in a Mask, so that the set pixels turn to unset pixels and the unset pixels turn to set pixels.
Returns a new Mask of the Mask scaled to the requested size.
Performs a bitwise OR, drawing othermask onto Mask.
Erases all pixels set in othermask from Mask.
Returns the number of set pixels in the Mask.
Finds the centroid, the center of pixel mass, of a Mask. Returns a coordinate tuple for the centroid of the Mask. In the event the Mask is empty, it will return (0,0).
Finds the approximate orientation of the pixels in the image from -90 to 90 degrees. This works best if performed on one connected component of pixels. It will return 0.0 on an empty Mask.
Returns a list of points of the outline of the first object it comes across in a Mask. For this to be useful, there should probably only be one connected component of pixels in the Mask. The every option allows you to skip pixels in the outline. For example, setting it to 10 would return a list of every 10th pixel in the outline.
Returns a mask with the (i-offset,j-offset) bit set if shifting othermask so that its lower right corner pixel is at (i,j) would cause it to overlap with self.
If an outputmask is specified, the output is drawn onto outputmask and outputmask is returned. Otherwise a mask of size self.get_size() + othermask.get_size() - (1,1) is created.
This uses the SAUF algorithm to find a connected component in the Mask. It checks 8 point connectivity. By default, it will return the largest connected component in the image. Optionally, a coordinate pair of a pixel can be specified, and the connected component containing it will be returned. In the event the pixel at that location is not set, the returned Mask will be empty. The Mask returned is the same size as the original Mask.
Returns a list of masks of connected regions of pixels. An optional minimum number of pixels per connected region can be specified to filter out noise.
This gets a bounding rect of connected regions of set pixels. A bounding rect is one for which each of the connected pixels is inside the rect.


numpy.polynomial.chebyshev.chebmul(c1, c2)[source]
Multiply one Chebyshev series by another.
Returns the product of two Chebyshev series c1 * c2. The arguments are sequences of coefficients, from lowest order "term" to highest, e.g., [1,2,3] represents the series T_0 + 2*T_1 + 3*T_2.
c1, c2 : array_like
1-D arrays of Chebyshev series coefficients ordered from low to high.
out : ndarray
Of Chebyshev series coefficients representing their product.
In general, the (polynomial) product of two C-series results in terms that are not in the Chebyshev polynomial basis set. Thus, to express the product as a C-series, it is typically necessary to "reproject" the product onto said basis set, which typically produces "unintuitive live" (but correct) results; see Examples section below.
>>> from numpy.polynomial import chebyshev as C
>>> c1 = (1,2,3)
>>> c2 = (3,2,1)
>>> C.chebmul(c1,c2) # multiplication requires "reprojection"
array([ 6.5, 12., 12., 4., 1.5])


text:
ITCT 2001 G-4 Flight Track Map
The map shows the 15 flights of the NOAA G4 aircraft during the 2001 ITCT study. The legend indicates the date when the flight originated in yymmdd (2 digit year, 2 digit month, 2 digit day) format and is color coded.
None of these flights were specifically targeted to study the transport or production of ozone. The science objectives of the flights were those of the annual Winter Storms Study; the measurement of ozone was an adjunct effort. Ozone was measured on 11 of the 15 flights.