text:
Labels identify green products
It is essential that consumers can identify green products within a product group. Public eco-labels constitute a good and simple way of providing such information to consumers and professional purchasers.
The EU Flower is the eco-label of the European Union. It was established in 1992. The Nordic Swan has existed since 1989. Denmark joined the Nordic eco-labelling system in 1997.
The Flower and the Swan guarantee that a product is one of the least damaging to the environment, and that certain health precautions have been taken. At the same time, quality and function are guaranteed to be at least as good as other products.
2,300 products on the Danish market
Eco-labels are found on a range of products. When a product carries the the Swan or the Flower, the product group has undergone a thorough evaluation of how it affects the environment from the time it is 'born' to when it is disposed of. Quality and health impacts have also been under close scrutiny.
Today there are roughly 2,300 products on the Danish market with an eco-label.
An eco-labelling board, an eco-labelling secretariat and a coordinating committee take care of the administration of the Nordic Swan and the EU Flower.
Read more at _URL_.


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NASA's Destination Station Exhibit Opens In Mesa, Arizona
HOUSTON, Dec. 21, 2012 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- Arizonans can get a sense of what spaceflight is like starting today, as NASA's Destination Station exhibit opens at the Arizona Museum of Natural History in Mesa. The interactive exhibit reveals the inside of America's orbiting laboratory while educating visitors about the vast array of science and research being done in low-Earth orbit.
"This exhibit is a magnificent way for children, especially, to be able to imagine what it is like for astronauts living in space," said Kathy Eastman of the museum. "It brings to life what many children dream about when they look at the stars."
The exhibit opening is a precursor to more NASA activities coming in 2013. Destination Station is NASA's International Space Station Program national awareness campaign, promoting station research and opportunities, educating communities about the people living and working on the station, and communicating the real and potential benefits for our everyday lives. The exhibit is free with admission to the museum. NASA will be sponsoring many activities that will be open to the public at various locations in the Phoenix and Tucson areas Feb. 21 through March 3.
The space station is a multinational research facility and the largest spacecraft ever built. It is an official U.S. National Laboratory where astronauts and scientists from around the world conduct experiments in fundamental life, physical, Earth and space science, as well as human health, technologies for space exploration and the improvement of life on Earth.
For a complete list of Destination Station activities, visit:
Browse our custom packages or build your own to meet your unique communications needs.
Learn about PR Newswire services
Request more information about PR Newswire products and services or call us at _PHONE_.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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What is the Children's Trust?
Bradford Children's Trust is a local partnership of organisations responsible for the strategic framework and delivery of services to children, young people and families.
What is the Role of the Trust?
Our vision is that every child and young person should be supported to have the best possible start in life, and be given active help and encouragement towards achieving the outcomes identified in the following themes:
By working with children, young people and families, the Trust sets strategic direction, establishes priorities, monitors progress and identifies resources to develop services.
Children and Young People's Plan
The Children and Young People's Plan sets out how our services will work on behalf of the growing young population of the district to improve their future life chances.
We aim to support children at the earliest opportunity and at the earliest age when they are most vulnerable. We have put in place a preventative framework which will enable services to intervene early at the point where things first start to go wrong in their lives. This is part of the Big Idea, to which partners have signed up: "local joined-up services focused on prevention".
Stronger Partnerships Deliver Stronger Services
As a Children's Trust, we recognise that stronger partnerships, greater integration of services and a shared purpose lead to better services for children, young people and families – especially the most vulnerable. The core principle of a shared commitment to improve the lives of children, young people and families – enshrined in the 'duty to co-operate'– remains as important as it ever was. The Trust's Statement of Intent underpins our commitment as an ongoing partnership.
We look forward to working with you all on this.
Cllr Ralph Berry
Executive Member for Children's Services
Strategic Director of Children's Services


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Monument to Michiel de Ruyter
1681, Rombout Verhulst, various types of marble
The Netherlands' greatest naval hero is Admiral De Ruyter. He was a role model for Dutch men: unpretentious, courageous, and clever. It is sometimes forgotten that his heroic deeds helped to safeguard the Atlantic slave trade. Besides serving the Dutch Republic, Michiel Adriaenszoon also worked in the service of the King of Denmark, who knighted him in 1660. Depicted above the mausoleum is the admiral's family coat of arms. The three women personify Fame and Michiel's primary virtues: Caution and Strength. The central figure is Fame with her trumpet, on the left is Caution with a mirror, a serpent (representing Minerva, goddess of wisdom), and a rooster. Strength, on the right, leans against a column with the headdress of the Egyptian goddess Isis. The sculptor Rombout Verhulst based his design for the portrait of Michiel de Ruyter on a death mask of the admiral.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
The use of structural equation modeling (SEM) has grown dramatically in the field of management information systems (MIS) in the past twenty years, but SEM's focus has been primarily on cross-sectional data sets. Functionally, SEM has been used to test measurement and path models, but the SEM approach has not been applied to repeated measures designs. In this article, we describe latent growth models (LGMs), an extension of SEM, which focuses on how observed and/or latent variables change over time. The purpose of this paper is to provide a primer on the use of LGMs, as well as to advocate for its use to extend MIS theory. We illustrate several flexible applications of LGMs using longitudinal data, including conditional, unconditional, and dual growth models. We discuss the advantages of using LGMs over other more traditional longitudinal approaches, and highlight areas in MIS where researchers can use this technique effectively.
Serva, Mark A.; Kher, Hemant; and Laurenceau, Jean-Philippe
"Using Latent Growth Modeling to Understand Longitudinal Effects in MIS Theory: A Primer,"
Communications of the Association for Information Systems: Vol. 28
, Article 14.
Available at: _URL_


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Cold weather season
mid-June to mid-August
Wurrgeng is the 'cold weather' time; humidity is low, daytime temperatures are around 30°C and night-time temperatures are around 17°C. Most creeks stop flowing and the floodplains quickly dry out. Burning continues, extinguished by the dew at night. By day, birds of prey patrol the fire lines as insects and small animals try to escape the flames. Magpie geese, fat and heavy after weeks of abundant food, and a myriad of other waterbirds crowd the shrinking billabongs.


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Ojibwe Place Names in Wisconsin, ca. 1890
Geographical Names in Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Michigan, Having a Chippewa origin
The author of this list, Chrysostom Verwyst (_PHONE_), was a Catholic missionary among the Ojibwe in the Bayfield-Ashland area from 1882 to 1912. Verwyst became fluent in Ojibwe and after retiring spent his remaining years in the Franciscan monastery at Bayfield, where he wrote on the history and language of the Ojibwe and compiled a biography of his predecessor, Rev. Frederic Baraga. This list preserves the Ojibwe names in use in northern Wisconsin at the start of the 20th century; Verwyst also occasionally ascribed Ojibwe origins to place names that modern linguists now believe actually came from other lagnuages. It is one of several works in or about American Indian languages to be found at Turning Points in Wisconsin History. Readers should note that this is a historical document rather than a modern one; students wishing to study the language should rely on materials produced by the tribal language office.
Territory to Statehood|
Treaty Councils, from Prairie du Chien to Madeline Island
|Creator: ||Verwyst, Chrysostom Adrian 1841 - 1925
|Pub Data: ||Wisconsin Historical Collections, vol. XII (1892): 390-398.
|Citation: ||Verwyst, Chrysostom Adrian. "Geographical Names in Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Michigan, Having a Chippewa origin." Wisconsin Historical Collections, vol. XII (1892): 390-398.
Online facsimile at:
Visited on: 5/21/2013


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Robert M Watson Jr
Here 'Xin' must mean mind/spirit/heart? I don't quite understand the difference between 'desire' and 'intent' in this context.
My experience is it's best to take each term on a case by case basis as opposed to translating any of them directly as often times they won't make any sense or won't be in the proper context, which is why its important to have a good teacher to guide you.
For instance we can look at the term xin fa, which would translate literally as 'heart technique', which either doesn't make any sense or would give the reader entirely the wrong idea.
My Sifu calls it the 'heart method', which still sounds a bit vague, but he explains it like this;
The heart method is the essence of the teachers experience over their life time, transmitted to the student. It's the fine details that make the difference between just waving your hands around in the air and actually getting some tangible results from your nei gong. So the implied meaning behind the term xin fa is more like 'the secrets of the practice which only an experienced teacher can impart'. In many cases these terms are very contextual to martial arts practice and wouldn't even make sense to native speakers without a teachers guidance.


Definitions for panaceaˌpæn əˈsi ə
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word panacea
Random House Webster's College Dictionary
pan•a•ce•aˌpæn əˈsi ə(n.)(pl.)-ce•as.
 1. a remedy for all ills; cure-all.
 2. a solution for all difficulties.
Origin of panacea:
1540–50; < L < Gk panákeia=panake-, s. of panakḗs all-healing
Princeton's WordNet
 1. Panacea(noun)
 2. panacea, nostrum, catholicon, cure-all(noun)
 1. panacea(Noun)
 2. panacea(Noun)
 Something that will solve all problems.
 A monorail will be a panacea for our traffic woes.
 3. panacea(Noun)
 A particular plant believed to provide a cure-all.
 4. Panacea(ProperNoun)
 Daughter of Asclepius and Salus (or Epione). She was the personification of healing through herbs.
 5. Origin: From panacea, from πανάκεια, from πανακής, from πᾶν (equivalent to English pan-) + ἄκος.
Webster Dictionary
 1. Panacea(noun)
 2. Panacea(noun)
 the herb allheal
 1. Panacea
 In Greek mythology, Panacea was a goddess of Universal remedy. She was the daughter of Asclepius and Epione. Panacea and her four sisters each performed a facet of Apollo's art: Panacea, Hygieia, Iaso, Aceso, and Aglæa/Ægle. Panacea also had four brothers – Podaleirus, one of the two kings of Tricca, who had a flair for diagnostics, and Machaon, the other king of Tricca, who was a master surgeon; Telesphoros, who devoted his life to serving Asclepius; and Aratus, her stepbrother, who was a Greek hero and the patron/liberator of Sicyon. Panacea was said to have a poultice or potion with which she healed the sick. This brought about the concept of the panacea in medicine, a substance meant to cure all diseases. The term is also used figuratively as something intended to completely solve a large, multi-faceted problem.
Find a translation for the panacea definition in other languages:
Select another language:
Discuss these panacea definitions with the community:
Use the citation below to add this definition to your bibliography:
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Batch File Rename with Windows PowerShell
Microsoft included a batch rename feature in the latest version of Windows allowing you to select multiple files, right click on one and select rename. All of the selected files will be renamed with the name you provided and a number. This functionality works well for basic files but does not provide any flexibility in exactly how the files are numbered and also does not allow the file extension to be changed.
Windows PowerShell, which is included in Windows starting with Vista and 2008 Server and available for XP, provides the raw tools to allow you to perform batch file renames. The trick is to pipe the output of one command into another command allowing you to connect the functionality to produce a useful outcome.
The two PowerShell commands needed for batch file renaming are dir (which is an alias for get-childitem) and rename-item.
To get started I suggest copying all the files you need to rename to a separate directory. Then, open up Windows PowerShell and navigate to the directory with the CD command.
Depending on how you want to rename the files there are a few different techniques:
Changing the File Extension of all.jpeg files to.jpg
Dir *.jpeg | rename-item -newname { $ -replace ".jpeg",".jpg" }
In the above example the $_ represents each item passed to the rename-item command via the pipe | from the dir command.
Appending a File Extension
Dir | rename-item -newname { $_.Name +".jpg" }
File Rename with Customizable Increasing Number
Dir *.jpg | ForEach-Object -begin { $count=1 } -process { rename-item $_ -NewName "image$count.jpg"; $count++ }
In the example we needed to use an additional command known as foreach-object that allows you to set a variable (our counter) before looping through each file in the directory and then do an action for each item. The result of the above example are files named image1.jpg, image2.jpg and so on.
Free Computer Magazines and eBooks


What is Whitelist?
Many advertisers who buy advertising programmatically will only buy from a whitelist or against a blacklist. A Whitelist is a list of website domains that the advertiser is willing to serve its ads on. For publishers getting your domain name added to an advertiser's or DSPs white list is paramount in scaling Programmatic Revenue. Just because a domain name appears on a whitelist does not necessarily mean that the advertiser will buy that domain, the DSP's algorithm still prevails.
Advertisers and their Advertising Agencies use various tactics to build whitelists. Here are a few ways that buyers curate a Whitelist;
 1. Use a 3rd Party service like Comscore to source a whitelist
 2. Working with Publishers and Programmatic Sellers to get their whitelist
 3. Only include sites they know where their audience is located
 4. Only include sites they know perform (ie from CTR, Conversion or Viewability perspective)
Healthy Ads automatically sends our Whitelist to Programmatic buyers the First Tuesday of the month, making it easy for buyers to update their DSP based Whitelist.


Let me explain. I have created a custom component, when editing the element and saving it once, I would like to display next to the alias the sef frontend link to this element. Here is a screenshot to explain :
I haven't coded anything yet because I'm not sure how to do it?
I'm assuming that since you're asking about SEF URLs for your component that you've already built your own custom router (as SEF URLs for a custom component are dependent upon that). If not then you can follow the example described in _URL_ and following tutorial steps.
If you've done that then outputting an SEF URL on the admin backend is similar to how you create an SEF URL on the front end using JRoute::_ and passing the various parameters such as your component (option), id of your item, Itemid of the menuitem, etc. Except that on the admin side you should use
use Joomla\CMS\Router\Route;
$url = Route::link("site", "index.php?option=com_example&view=showitem&id=14);
See Joomla Route link for the API definition and URLs in Joomla for a description of how to use these functions.
Note that the link method is available only since Joomla 3.9, so if you're working on a version which predates that then it's rather more tricky, as you have to hack your way into the Joomla core code, but not impossible.
Also just be aware that the SEF URL may differ depending upon the Itemid of the menuitem which you pass to the link function and how you've built your custom router.
 - OK, thank you, your answer gave me the right direction. – Laurent Jan 20 at 14:07
Your Answer


Free «The Proper Usage of Quotes» Essay Sample
I can positively say that my life hero is Mother Teresa. This woman is definitely one of the brightest personalities in history. Her life is an example of humanity, kindness and generosity. Because Mother Teresa helped people in spite of what kind of disease they had and what social class they belonged to, not asking them for money. Her kind heart was willing to help all suffering people around, and she did everything what was in her power could to achieve that.
Along with it, she was just an ordinary person, but her deeds made the whole world notice them for they were full of good intentions and spirit of kindness. Just as Shakespeare wrote long time ago:
How far that little candle throws his beams!
So shines a good deed in a naughty world.
So are the deeds of Mother Teresa, which shine in history of our civilization. The light of her deeds has been spreading until now. It keeps on inspiring people and teaching them good.
 As for me, having Mother Teresa as my hero, I'm trying to make my deeds shine, because I believe that this light can warm people around and make their life brighter.
Explanations of the usage of the quote
In this essay I've illustrated the usage of a quote, picked from the works of Shakespeare. I have used this quote in my essay, because it helps readers to understand the significance of good deeds, in particular Mother Teresa's deeds, in the history of humanity. Also with the help of the metaphors, taken from this quotation, I was able to describe my own feelings more colorfully and make the essay much easier for the reader to understand.
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EPrints@IIT Delhi >
Faculty Research Publicatons >
Mechanical Engineering >
Title: Coupled bending, longitudinal and torsional vibrations of a cracked rotor
Authors: Darpe, A K
Gupta, K
Chawla, A
Keywords: longitudinal
torsional vibrations
coupled vibrations
coupled torsional–longitudinal vibrations
a cracked rotor
coupled torsional–bending vibrations with a
a cracked rotor
Issue Date: 2004
Citation: Journal of Sound and Vibration, 269(1-2), 33-60
Abstract: The coupling between longitudinal, lateral and torsional vibrations is studied together for a rotating cracked shaft. These coupling mechanisms have been studied here with a response-dependent non-linear breathing crack model. Most of the earlier work on coupled vibrations due to crack has been either on stationary shaft or on rotating shaft with open crack model. The stiffness matrix of a Timoshenko beam element is modified to account for the effect of a crack and all the six degrees of freedom per node are considered. Coupled torsional–longitudinal vibrations for a cracked rotor that has not been reported earlier and coupled torsional–bending vibrations with a breathing crack model have been studied. An attempt has been made to reveal crack specific signatures by using additional external excitations. Since all the couplings are accounted, the excitation in one mode leads to an interaction between all the modes. This, coupled with the rotational effect of a cracked rotor and the non-linearities due to a breathing crack model introduces sum and difference frequencies in the response of cracked rotor. The co-existence of frequencies of other modes in the frequency spectra of a particular mode and the presence of sum and difference frequencies around the excitation frequencies and its harmonics could be useful indicators for crack diagnosis.
URI: _URL_
Appears in Collections:Mechanical Engineering
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Healthy Foods, Healthy Communities
What's to love about food co-ops? So much! Co-ops have a cool way of doing things differently. They're people working together for better food, stronger communities and a healthier world. And cooperative grocers are making a big impact. A new study, Healthy Foods Healthy Communities: The Social and Economic Impacts of Food Co-ops,* quantifies the impact food co-ops have as compared to conventional grocery stores. The study's compelling results demonstrate the many ways that food co-ops do well while doing good.
Unlike their conventional counterparts, co-ops are owned and governed by member-shoppers and rooted in principles like community, voluntary and open membership, economic participation and cooperation. Because of these principles and practices, food co-ops inherently serve and benefit the communities where they are located. For example, the study finds that for every dollar spent at a food co-op, $0.38 is reinvested in the local economy compared to $0.24 at conventional grocers.
Supporting Local Food Systems and Sustainable Foods
Though "local" has popped up in conventional grocery stores in recent years, retail food co-ops are leaps and bounds ahead of the pack. Where conventional grocers work with an average of 65 local farmers and food producers, food co-ops work with an average of 157. Likewise, locally sourced products make up an average of 20 percent of co-op sales compared to 6 percent at conventional stores.
Years after creating the market for organic foods, co-ops are still the place to find them. Of produce sales at food co-ops, 82 percent are organic, compared to 12 percent for conventional grocers. And, organics make up 48 percent of grocery sales in food co-ops, compared to just 2 percent in conventional grocers.
Local Economic Impact
The economic impact that a grocery store has on its local economy is greater than just the sum of its local spending, because a portion of money spent locally recirculates. For example, food co-ops purchase from local farmers who, in turn, buy supplies from local sources, hire local technicians to repair equipment, and purchase goods and services from local retailers. To some extent, conventional grocers do too, but the gap is still significant. For every $1,000 a shopper spends at their local food co-op, $1,604 in economic activity is generated in their local economy—$239 more than if they had spent that same $1,000 at a conventional grocer.
The average co-op earning $10 million per year in revenue provides jobs for over 90 workers. In total, 68 percent of those workers are eligible for health insurance, compared to 56 percent of employees at conventional grocers. Co-op employees also earn an average of nearly $1.00 more per hour than conventional grocery workers when bonuses and profit sharing are taken into account.
Grocery stores—co-ops and conventional alike—generate a significant amount of waste. What sets retail food co-ops apart is what they do with that waste. Co-ops recycle 96 percent of cardboard, 74 percent of food waste and 81 percent of plastics compared to 91 percent, 36 percent and 29 percent, respectively, recycled by conventional grocers.
- Impact Report - to see the impact up close, view the Healthy Foods Healthy Communities: The Social and Economic Impacts of Food Co-ops report.
- Infographics – find a PDF of the above and an additional infographic in Healthy Foods Healthy Communities Study Infographics.
- Videos – Find the animated video above along with other videos about food co-ops on our YouTube channel: _URL_
* The study behind this report was commissioned by National Cooperative Grocers Association (NCGA), the organization of grocery cooperatives that brings you this site. NCGA partnered with the ICA Group—a national not-for-profit consulting firm with expertise in cooperatives, economic development, and business research.


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Ladislav Kosa, Iveta Macková, Ivo Proks, Ondrej Pritula, Ľubomír Smrčok, Miroslav Boča, Håkan Rundlőf
March 1, 2008
Three thermal effects on heating/cooling of K2TaF7 in the temperature interval of 680–800°C were investigated by the DSC method. The values determined for the enthalpy change of the individual processes are: ΔtransIIHm(K2TaF7; 703°C) = 1.7(2) kJ mol−1, ΔtransIHm(K2TaF7; 746°C) = 19(1) kJ mol−1 and ΔtransIIIHm(K2TaF7; 771°C) = 13(1) kJ mol−1. The first thermal effect was attributed to a solid-solid phase transition; the second to the incongruent melting of K2TaF7 and the third to mixing of two liquids. These findings are supported by in situ neutron powder diffraction experiments performed in the temperature interval of 654–794°C.


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CITARS was an experiment designed to quantitatively evaluate crop identification performance for corn and soybeans in various environments using a well-defined set of automatic data techniques. These techniques differed mainly by the procedure used to obtain signatures from training data (e.g., clustering) and by the method of classification employed (e.g., linear or quadratic decision boundaries and equal or unequal class weights).
Each technique was applied to LANDSAT-1 data acquired over six Indiana and Illinois test sites throughout the growing season in an attempt to recognize and estimate proportions of corn and soybeans using both local and non-local (i.e. extended) training statistics.
As a result of these analyses the significance of factors which contribute to classification performance was determined. In this paper the results of (1) the differences indifferent ADP procedures; (2) the linear vs. quadratic classifier; (3) the use in classification Of prior probability information derived from historic data: (4) differences in local and non-local recognition and the associated use of preprocessing: (5) the use of multitemporal data: (6) the effects Of classification bias and mixed pixels in proportion estimation: (7) the effects of site characteristics including crop, soil, and atmospheric effects: and (8) the effects of crop maturity are presented and discussed.
Date of this Version


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Welcome to Cathedral SADD (Students Against Destructive Decisions)!
We are excited that you are interested in being part of our group.
This organization is open to all students in grades 9-12.
SADD has five goals:
1. To promote chemically free lifestyles
2. To help eliminate the drunk driver and save lives
3. To alert high school students to the dangers of using mood-altering
4. To conduct community alcohol/mood-altering chemical awareness
5. To organize peer counseling programs to help students who may have
concerns about alcohol/mood-altering chemicals
If you have questions about SADD, please contact Mr. Brown Email


Central to Their Lives: Southern Women Artists in the Johnson Collection
Regular price $49.99
Spanning the decades between the late 1890s and early 1960s, Central to Their Lives brings together for the first time the paintings and sculptures of forty-two diverse women artists who made significant contributions to the art of the South. This exhibition examines the challenges female artists faced during a period in which women's social, cultural, and political roles were being redefined and reinterpreted. Whether working from dedicated studio spaces, in spare rooms at home, or on the world stage, the artists showcased made remarkable impacts by fostering future generations of artists through instruction, incorporating new aesthetics into the fine arts, and challenging the status quo. Organized by the Johnson Collection in Spartanburg, South Carolina, the exhibition includes works by leading figures in the Charleston Renaissance such as Alice Ravenel Huger Smith and Elizabeth O'Neill Verner, as well as Corrie McCallum, Minnie Evans, Anne Goldthwaite, Clementine Hunter, and Augusta Savage.
This exhibition is sponsored by the Gibbes Museum Women's Council, Blue Cross Blue Shield of South Carolina, Charleston Magazine, the Jane Smith Turner Foundation, and Kenneth and Martha Severens.


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Purpose: To assess the potential of chitosan (CS) nanoparticles for ocular drug delivery by investigating their interaction with the ocular mucosa in vivo and also their toxicity in conjunctival cell cultures.
Methods: Fluorescent (CS-fl) nanoparticles were prepared by ionotropic gelation. The stability of the particles in the presence of lysozyme was investigated by determining the size and their interaction with mucin, by measuring the viscosity of the mucin dispersion. The in vivo interaction of CS-fl nanoparticles with the rabbit cornea and conjunctiva was analyzed by spectrofluorimetry and confocal microscopy. Their potential toxicity was assessed in a human conjunctival cell line by determining cell survival and viability.
Results: CS-fl nanoparticles were stable upon incubation with lysozyme and did not affect the viscosity of a mucin dispersion. In vivo studies showed that the amounts of CS-fl in cornea and conjunctiva were significantly higher for CS-fl nanoparticles than for a control CS-fl solution, these amounts being fairly constant for up to 24 h. Confocal studies suggest that nanoparticles penetrate into the corneal and conjunctival epithelia. Cell survival at 24 h after incubation with CS nanoparticles was high and the viability of the recovered cells was near 100%.
Conclusions: CS nanoparticles are promising vehicles for ocular drug delivery.


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Elizabeth Lake Nature Preserve
Location and Access:
From Richmond at jct. Hwys. 12 & 173, take Hwy. 12 north 1 mi. to an access lane to the east. The nature preserve is 0.8 mi. to the east.
Special Note: Access to this preserve is only through special McHenry County Conservation District sponsored tours.
Elizabeth Lake is a large, diverse wetland in northeastern McHenry County. The natural communities at Elizabeth Lake represent the Morainal Section of the Northeastern Morainal Natural Division. They include graminoid bog, calcareous floating mat, graminoid fen, marsh, pond, lake, low gradient creek, sedge meadow and dry-mesic savanna. One of the more unusual and extremely rare communities at Elizabeth Lake is the graminoid bog. It is always floating, is close to open water and is considered the first stage of bog succession. The bog is dominated by sphagnum moss, sedges and marsh shield fern. The calcareous floating mat has a floating layer of calcareous sedge peat dominated by sedges and blue joint-grass. The graminoid fen is on peat with calcareous seepage and is dominated by big bluestem and sedge. The other communities are typical examples of their types and support common wetland plant species as well as several rare, threatened and endangered species. This diverse wetland provides habitat for a wide variety of animals and many can be seen during any season of the year. The aquatic community present at this preserve is of excellent quality.
Ownership: McHenry County Conservation District
Dedicated: April 1985
Size: 212.477 acres with buffer
Topo Map: Richmond 7.5
For Further Information Contact: McHenry County Conservation District, 6512 Harts Road, Ringwood, IL 60072 (815/_PHONE_)
03/10 R. Heidorn


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by definition. The q-Pochhammer symbol is a major building block in the construction of q-analogs; for instance, in the theory of basic hypergeometric series, it plays the role that the ordinary Pochhammer symbol plays in the theory of generalized hypergeometric series.
Unlike the ordinary Pochhammer symbol, the q-Pochhammer symbol can be extended to an infinite product:
A q-series is a series in which the coefficients are functions of q, typically depending on q via q-Pochhammer symbols.
The finite product can be expressed in terms of the infinite product:
which extends the definition to negative integers n. Thus, for nonnegative n, one has
The q-Pochhammer symbol is the subject of a number of q-series identities, particularly the infinite series expansions
which are both special cases of the q-binomial theorem:
The q-Pochhammer symbol is closely related to the enumerative combinatorics of partitions. The coefficient of in
is the number of partitions of m into at most n parts.
Since, by conjugation of partitions, this is the same as the number of partitions of m into parts of size at most n, by identification of generating series we obtain the identity:
as in the above section.
We also have that the coefficient of in
is the number of partitions of m into n or n-1 distinct parts.
By removing a triangular partition with n − 1 parts from such a partition, we are left with an arbitrary partition with at most n parts. This gives a weight-preserving bijection between the set of partitions into n or n − 1 distinct parts and the set of pairs consisting of a triangular partition having n − 1 parts and a partition with at most n parts. By identifying generating series, this leads to the identity:
also described in the above section.
The q-binomial theorem itself can also be handled by a slightly more involved combinatorial argument of a similar flavour.
Multiple arguments convention
Since identities involving q-Pochhammer symbols so frequently involve products of many symbols, the standard convention is to write a product as a single symbol of multiple arguments:
Relationship to other q-functions
we define the q-analog of n, also known as the q-bracket or q-number of n to be
From this one can define the q-analog of the factorial, the q-factorial, as
Again, one recovers the usual factorial by taking the limit as q approaches 1. This can be interpreted as the number of flags in an n-dimensional vector space over the field with q elements, and taking the limit as q goes to 1 yields the interpretation of an ordering on a set as a flag in a vector space over the field with one element.
A product of negative integer q-brackets can be expressed in terms of the q-factorial as:
From the q-factorials, one can move on to define the q-binomial coefficients, also known as Gaussian coefficients, Gaussian polynomials, or Gaussian binomial coefficients:
One can check that
This converges to the usual Gamma function as q approaches 1 from inside the unit disc.. Note that
for any x and
for non-negative integer values of n. Alternatively, this may be taken as an extension of the q-factorial function to the real number system.
- George Gasper and Mizan Rahman, Basic Hypergeometric Series, 2nd Edition, (2004), Encyclopedia of Mathematics and Its Applications, 96, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. ISBN 0-521-83357-4.
- Roelof Koekoek and Rene F. Swarttouw, The Askey scheme of orthogonal polynomials and its q-analogues, section 0.2.
- Exton, H. (1983), q-Hypergeometric Functions and Applications, New York: Halstead Press, Chichester: Ellis Horwood, 1983, ISBN _PHONE_, ISBN _PHONE_, ISBN 978-_PHONE_


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Year 6 Forensic Science Workshop
To support the investigative work Year 6 are undertaking in Science, the children took part in a Forensic Science Workshop on Wednesday 9th May.
An immersive environment was set up in the classroom, which consisted of four identical crime scenes. The children worked collaboratively to solve a crime and it was the responsibility of each group to piece together the evidence. The workshop included finding, developing and characterising fingerprints, investigating tool marks and other impressions, identifying hairs and fibres and investigating blood, bones and DNA. They used their scientific knowledge, understanding and logical thinking to solve given problems. The children really enjoyed this challenge and all were successful in solving the crime.


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Without a bank account
- As in urban districts, low-income households are more likely to have no bank or building society account than households on average incomes.
- As in urban districts, the proportion of households in rural districts who have no bank or building society account has fallen over the last decade. However, the rate of reduction has been much slower than that in urban districts and, as a result, the differences between rural and urban districts have been largely eliminated over the last decade.
- See the UK indicator on bank accounts.
On most poverty and social exclusion indicators, rural areas have 'better scores' than urban areas. The purpose of the table below is to differentiate between those subjects where rural areas are 'a bit better' and those where rural areas are 'a lot better'. It does so by presenting the rural statistics for the indicator as a proportion of the urban statistics. So, for example, a rural'score' of 6 in the table below means that the rural statistic is around 60% of its urban equivalent.
|Type of district||Average of 2006/07 to 2008/09|
|Households in the poorest fifth||Households with average incomes||All households|
|'Very rural' districts||9||7||7|
|'Mostly rural' districts||7||11||9|
|'Part rural' districts||12||12||11|
For each type of local authority district, the first graph shows the proportion of households without a bank, building society or any other kind of account. The data is split to show households in the poorest fifth of the income distribution and for households on average incomes (middle fifth of the income distribution) separately. As well as bank and building society accounts, the figures also count any savings or investment accounts as well as post office card accounts but do not include stocks and shares, premium bonds, gilts, Save As You Earn arrangements or Credit Unions. Income is household disposable income, equivalised (adjusted) to take account of household composition and is measured after deducting housing costs.
For each type of local authority district, the second graph shows how the proportion of households without a bank, building society or any other kind of account has changed over time. The data is for all households.
Level of the data
Lower tier local authorities (districts), as classified by the DEFRA 2009 classification system. Both the DEFRA classification rules and their results by local authority can be found on the page on rural/urban classification systems.
Family Resources Survey, DWP.
|Type of district||Proportion of households without an account|
|Average of 1996/97 to 1998/99||Average of 2006/07 to 2008/09|
|Households in the poorest fifth||Households with average incomes||All households||Households in the poorest fifth||Households with average incomes||All households|
|'Very rural' districts||15%||2%||5%||5%||2%||3%|
|'Mostly rural' districts||13%||2%||5%||4%||3%||3%|
|'Part rural' districts||16%||3%||5%||7%||4%||4%|


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Trinity River Basin
Trinity River Watershed Trivia
- The Trinity River begins near the Texas-Oklahoma border in Clay, Archer, and Montague counties and from the DFW confluence, flows 512 miles to Galveston Bay, near Houston.
- There are 1,983 miles of major tributaries that drain to the river. The West, Clear, Elm and East Forks form the headwaters of the Trinity River.
- The Trinity River watershed encompasses 18,000 square miles (11.5 Million plus acres), 7% of state's land area and includes all or parts of 38 Texas counties.
- Annual precipitation ranges from 36 inches at the headwaters up to 52 inches near its terminus at the Gulf of Mexico.
- Many human activities affect the Trinity River, including 22 reservoirs on the river that provide drinking water and flood control. Differing land uses also affect the Trinity River, such as urbanization, commercial/industrial development, row-crop farming, livestock production, timber production and outdoor recreation.
- Home to terrestrial wildlife and aquatic species, there are various habitats within the Trinity River watershed, including native grasslands, bottomland hardwood forests, and wetlands. The extent of these diverse habitats has been reduced as a result of human activities.


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How to Review Activities on Salesforce
You can use activities in Salesforce to track all the significant tasks and events involved in acquiring, selling, and servicing customers. Think about all the actions that you and your teams perform to accomplish your job — meetings, calls, e-mails, even the occasional physical letter — and imagine the value of all that information in one place at your fingertips.
You can have such a place in Salesforce, and you can easily link your activities together in an organized fashion.
Salesforce features several types of activities that you can access from the Open Activities and Activity History related lists displayed on many of the major records, including accounts, contacts, leads, opportunities, and cases. The following list briefly explains all the various activity records you can track in Salesforce:
Task: Essentially a to-do. Use this activity record as your online yellow sticky note. It's an activity that needs to be completed, but it doesn't have a specific time or duration associated with it. For example, if you know that you're supposed to follow up with a contact by sending a written letter, you can create a task such as Send Letter.
Event: A calendared activity. An event has a scheduled time, date, and duration associated with it. Examples of common events are Meetings, Conference Calls, and Tradeshows.
Log a Call: A task record of a completed call. Use Log a Call during or after a call to make sure that you capture important details. For example, use it when a contact calls you and you want to record comments or outcomes from the discussion.
Send an Email: Logs an activity for an e-mail that you send to a contact or a lead. You can send e-mails from Salesforce or a third-party e-mail product like Microsoft Outlook or Gmail for Business, and capture that information directly inside Salesforce.
Salesforce's online suggestion box feature, also known as Salesforce Ideas, allows you and a community of other Salesforce users to post suggestions on any topic for others to vote on and discuss. Ideas can be used just internally within your company and among your peers, or to gather requests from external constituents like your customer base.
This sharing of ideas is a valuable way for your company to mine feedback that could result in product or service innovations, or process changes. Ideas are ranked based on popularity over time, and you can group Ideas into multiple subject areas.


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School children pay special tribute to Lord Nelson - Friday, 16 October 2009
Schoolchildren will discover the history behind the Nelson monument – the historic landmark that's guided sailors safely to shore for two centuries – as part of Fort Nelson's Trafalgar Day commemorations on Wednesday, October 21.
Youngsters from Northern Junior School, in Portchester, will mark the 204th anniversary of the Battle of Trafalgar by laying flowers at 11am.
Horatio, Lord Nelson, has held a special place in local people's hearts for over 200 years – and his monument stands proudly on Portsdown Hill, opposite the Royal Armouries Museum at Fort Nelson. The monument was paid for by public subscription – including large donations by many of his men.
Royal Armouries' education officer Tony Parry said:
"Lord Nelson was truly loved by his own men. When he died, grown men were crying their hearts out. The monument was funded by public subscription and many sailors donated sums of money that were equal to a year's wages at the time.
"Portsdown Hill is an ideal place to locate the monument as it stands like a beacon which is visible in most weather conditions, even at night, and guides sailors safely into Portsmouth Harbour."
The Trafalgar Day service, held jointly with The Nelson Society, will be conducted by a Naval Chaplain from HMS Collingwood and will include a minute's silence, honouring the 204th anniversary of the Admiral's death at the Battle of Trafalgar. This year also marked the 251st anniversary of the birth of Lord Nelson on 29 September 1758.
Youngsters will also receive a talk from the Nelson Society's Jane Smith, who will explain the history of the monument and hand out information sheets.
They will then enjoy a programme of Trafalgar Day activities at the Fort, including craft sessions to make naval hats, and mock battles.
Meanwhile, the Royal Armouries is marking the day by using a uniformed crew of sailors to fire a recently restored 12-pounder gun, of the kind used on board HMS Victory.
As well as the gun firings at 12 noon and 3pm, the Fort will stage presentations marking the life of Lord Nelson, the Battle of Trafalgar and other great events in British Naval history.
Museum entry is free and there is a whole range of attractions throughout the day, designed to appeal to young and old alike.
Primary PR Ltd.
Tel: 07838 379599
Notes to editors
Reporters and photographers are welcome at the wreath laying ceremony at 11am (or at the craft sessions – please contact Primary PR to fix a time)
- The Royal Armouries at Fort Nelson houses the national collection of historic cannon and big guns. The museum houses one of the world's finest collections with over 350 cannon dating back over 600 years. The collection originated at HM Tower of London and has been on display in Hampshire since 1995.
- The Royal Armouries at Fort Nelson also tells the story of the Palmerston Forts, built to protect Portsmouth from a feared French invasion in the 1860's.
- Every day, visitors can see one of the big guns fired in salute, watch our resident actors bring to life characters from 1,000 years of history, explore secret underground tunnels and enjoy incredible views from the ramparts. An extensive programme of special event spectaculars takes place throughout the year.
- Fort Nelson is open every day except 24-26 December. April to October 10am –5pm (Wed 11am-5pm), November – March 10.30am – 4pm (Wed 11.30-4pm).
- Admission to the Royal Armouries is FREE.
- Admission charges apply to some events.
- Information line: 01329 233734
- Website: _URL_
- Email: _EMAIL_
- The Royal Armouries is the national museum of arms and armour with sites at Fort Nelson, Leeds, HM Tower of London and Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
- The Royal Armouries Museum should not be confused with Royal Armouries International plc, the private sector corporate hospitality business.


Efficient Compressive Phase Retrieval with Constrained Sensing Vectors
Bibtex »Metadata »Paper »Reviews »
Sohail Bahmani, Justin Romberg
We propose a robust and efficient approach to the problem of compressive phase retrieval in which the goal is to reconstruct a sparse vector from the magnitude of a number of its linear measurements. The proposed framework relies on constrained sensing vectors and a two-stage reconstruction method that consists of two standard convex programs that are solved sequentially.In recent years, various methods are proposed for compressive phase retrieval, but they have suboptimal sample complexity or lack robustness guarantees. The main obstacle has been that there is no straightforward convex relaxations for the type of structure in the target. Given a set of underdetermined measurements, there is a standard framework for recovering a sparse matrix, and a standard framework for recovering a low-rank matrix. However, a general, efficient method for recovering a jointly sparse and low-rank matrix has remained elusive.Deviating from the models with generic measurements, in this paper we show that if the sensing vectors are chosen at random from an incoherent subspace, then the low-rank and sparse structures of the target signal can be effectively decoupled. We show that a recovery algorithm that consists of a low-rank recovery stage followed by a sparse recovery stage will produce an accurate estimate of the target when the number of measurements is $\mathsf{O}(k\,\log\frac{d}{k})$, where $k$ and $d$ denote the sparsity level and the dimension of the input signal. We also evaluate the algorithm through numerical simulation.


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Fairbanks August 2012
InFairbanks the average temperature for August was 56.3°F, just 0.2°F above the long-term mean. The lowest temperature for the month hovered above freezing at 37°F on the 22nd, while the highest temperature was an enjoyable 78°F on the 14th. Temperatures generally stayed in the expected trend, and no new record events were recorded.
Like July, precipitation was below normal in August at 1.45", 0.43" below the expected value of 1.88". More than half of the monthly precipitation was observed on just one day, the 26th. The mean wind speed was 3.4 mph, with a maximum gust of 33 mph on the 27th, blowing from a westerly direction.


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Selection rule for Dirac-like points in two-dimensional dielectric photonic crystals
KAUST DepartmentComputer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division
Applied Mathematics and Computational Science Program
Waves in Complex Media Research Group
MetadataShow full item record
AbstractWe developed a selection rule for Dirac-like points in two-dimensional dielectric photonic crystals. The rule is derived from a perturbation theory and states that a non-zero, mode-coupling integral between the degenerate Bloch states guarantees a Dirac-like point, regardless of the type of the degeneracy. In fact, the selection rule can also be determined from the symmetry of the Bloch states even without computing the integral. Thus, the existence of Dirac-like points can be quickly and conclusively predicted for various photonic crystals independent of wave polarization, lattice structure, and composition. © 2013 Optical Society of America.
SponsorsThis work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. _PHONE_), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 2012ZZ0077), and the KAUST Baseline Research Fund.
PublisherThe Optical Society
- Wyckoff positions and the expression of polarization singularities in photonic crystals.
- Authors: Wheeldon JF, Schriemer H
- Issue date: 2009 Feb 16
- Double Dirac cones in two-dimensional dielectric photonic crystals.
- Authors: Li Y, Mei J
- Issue date: 2015 May 4
- Three-dimensional dielectric phoxonic crystals with network topology.
- Authors: Ma TX, Wang YS, Wang YF, Su XX
- Issue date: 2013 Feb 11
- Light propagation in three-dimensional photonic crystals.
- Authors: Kawashima S, Ishizaki K, Noda S
- Issue date: 2010 Jan 4
- All-optical bistability and switching near the Dirac point of a 2-D photonic crystal.
- Authors: Mattiucci N, Bloemer MJ, D'Aguanno G
- Issue date: 2013 May 20


54 Wise Woman Quotes To Help You know The Difference.
Below is a list of 54 wise woman quotes and quotes about wise women to help you differentiate between the wise and chaste woman and a foolish woman. There are only a few wise women in this society we live is especially with this feminism that has corrupted a lot of women to think being stubborn and proud is what it means to be a woman. May these 54 wise woman quotes help you be a wise woman not according to worldly standards but God's.
54 Quotes About Wise Women.
1. A wise woman fear the Lord and is virtuous, loving and respectful towards her husband. Samuel Zulu.
2. A woman of character won't carelessly spread her legs wide open to every Jim and Jack that comes her way. Samuel Zulu.
3. Seest a woman who's careless with her body, there is more hope for a fool than that woman. Samuel Zulu.
4. Want to know how wise and dignified a woman is? Just observe how she treats her body. Samuel Zulu.
5. Women of wisdom know jute exactly how to get into a man's heart. Samuel Zulu.
6. A wise woman will build her house with love but a foolish one will rip it apart with her careless mouth. Samuel Zulu.
7. When you see a lady start talking too much just know that's where her foolishness has just begun. Samuel Zulu.
8. Foolish women belittle their husbands and treat them like trach but wise women treat their husband with high respect. Samuel Zulu.
9. It's only a foolish woman who treats her husband she decided to unveil her body to with disrespect and contempt. Samuel Zulu.
10. You will never find a wise, humble and virtuous woman without God in her life. Samuel Zulu.
Read also: 75 Strong Women Quotes To Inspire Self Confidence In Women.
11. Wise women don't allow emotions to override their logic in crucial matters of life. Samuel Zulu.
12. Wise women don't waste their time on outward appearances as they know those thinks fade over time and withy age. Samuel Zulu.
13. A wise woman knows she cannot merely rely upon her looks, in order to succeed in life. That is why she invests in lessons that help her navigate this world. Gift Gugu Mona.
14. Where a wise woman is not valued, wisdom is lost. Gift Gugu Mona.
15. A wise woman knows how to calm others down, even in the heat of the moment. Gift Gugu Mona.
16. No one can fool a wise woman. She may look like a fool, but her mind is full of wisdom. Gift Gugu Mona.
17. Even a queen stabs her toe but a wise woman watches the path. Robert Jordan.
18. Who was to know what went on in a person's heart? A wise woman kept her own counsel. Donna Wool Cross.
19. A wise woman knows that she does not have to fight every battle. Other battles, she just watches until she overcomes. Gift Gugu Mona.
20. It takes the wisdom of a wise man to learn the wisdom of a wise woman. Marcie Telander.
21. A wise woman wishes to be no one's enemy: a wise woman refuses to be anyone's victim. Maya Angelou.
22. She openeth her mouth with wisdom, and in her tongue is the law of kindness. Proverbs 32:26.
26. A gracious woman retaineth honour: and strong men retain riches. Proverbs 11:16.
27. She is more precious than rubies: and all the things thou canst desire are not to be compared unto her. Proverbs 3:15.
28. A wise woman puts a grain of sugar in everything she says to a man and takes a grain of salt with everything he says to her. Helen Rowland.
29. Self-care is not selfish. You cannot serve from an empty vessel. Eleanor Brown.
30. When I accept myself, I am free from the burden of needing to accept me. Steve Maraboli.
Read also: 65 Self Confidence Quotes To Help You Ditch Your Self Confidence Issues.
31. Be careful how you are talking to yourself because you are listening. Lisa M. Hayes.
32. A wise woman knows that joy and peace come from the Lord while a foolish one seeks happiness where she can find it. Darlene Schacht.
33. A beautiful woman is a beautiful woman but a beautiful woman with a brain is an absolutely lethal combination. Prabal Gurung.
34. As wise women and men tell us in our culture: the art of life is not controlling what happens to us but using what happens to us. Gloria Steinem.
35. A woman of wisdom depends only on the Lord for her complete joy and not on another man that can always break her heart, anyway. Samuel Zulu.
36. Only ladies with a lack of understanding seek joy and happiness in a fallible man who's as miserable as them. Samuel Zulu.
37. A woman who trust heart security frim the lord will never have her heartbroken. Samuel Zulu.
38. You will never see a lady of wisdom exposing her thighs and body parts for all to see as she considers her body sacred. Samuel Zulu.
39. A wise woman treats her body with the sacredness it deserves which is why you won't see her trying to expose herself to cheap men. Samuel Zulu.
40. Show me how you dress and I will show you how shallow and cheap your character is. Samuel Zulu.
41. You will never see a woman of wisdom entangling herself into unnecessary drama which is none of her concern. Samuel Zulu.
42. You can have a big how but it takes a wise and chaste godly woman to turn it into a home full of love where a husband and kids are refreshed by her sweet aromatic love. Samuel Zulu.
43. Feminists are nothing but foolish women gone wild. Samuel Zulu.
44. Godly wisdom, humility and a gentle quiet spirit is a character trait of all godly women. Samuel Zulu.
45. You will never see a wise woman belittling her man in the public square in front of other friends she won't even be with her entire life. Samuel Zulu.
46. Wise women tuck godly wisdom into the words they speak and even more into the words they choose not to speak. Lysa Terkeusl.
47. If you educate a man, you educate an individual but if you educate a woman, you educate a nation. African Proverb.
48. Every woman is beautiful until she speaks. African Proverb.
49. You are beautiful but learn to work for you cannot eat your beauty. African Proverb.
50. A woman's polite devotion is her greatest beauty. African Proverb.
51. The beauty of a woman becomes useless if there is no one to admire it. Africa Proverb.
52. A home without a woman is like a barn without cattle. African Proverb.
53. If you are filled with pride, you will have no room for wisdom. African Proverb.
54. If men swear they want to harm you when you are asleep, you can go to sleep. If women say so, stay awake. African Proverb.
Hope these 54 wise woman quotes will help you become wiser if you are a woman reading this and if you are a man, help you distinguish between wise and foolish women. Peace.
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What does 2HLANN stand for?
2HLANN stands for Two Hidden Layers Artificial Neural Network
This definition appears rarely and is found in the following Acronym Finder categories:
- Information technology (IT) and computers
- Science, medicine, engineering, etc.
- Second Generation Language
- Second Generation Non Turbo
- Second Generation (Video) Surveillance System
- Draw Raffle
- Second Half (of the year)
- Two-handed sword (World of Warcraft gaming)
- Double Sided, High Density Disk
- Second Harmonic Distortion
- 2-Hydroxy Ethyl Methacrylate
- Second Harvest Japan


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ISpNotifySink (SAPI 5.4)
Speech API 5.4
Microsoft Speech API 5.4
In both speech synthesis and speech recognition, applications receive notifications when words have been spoken or when phrases have been recognized. SAPI components that generate notifications implement an ISpNotifySource.
The ISpNotifySource and ISpNotifySink interfaces alone only provide a mechanism for a notification but no information on the events that caused the notification. With an ISpEventSource object, an application can retrieve information about the events that caused the notification. An ISpEventSource also provides the mechanism to filter and queue events. By default, an application (really an ISpNotifySink) receives no notifications from ISpEventSource until SetInterests has been called to specify on which events to notify or queue.
When an application is notified of an event that is not queued, an application will take measures based on which event sink is receiving the notification. From context an application might know exactly what it needs to do, or it may need to interact with the components which sent the notifications. If an application is notified of an event that is queued, the application will call ISpEventSource::GetEvents to retrieve the actual events that caused a notification.
When to Implement
Implement this interface only if the application can take advantage of the slightly reduced latency of a free-threaded notification. Most applications should use one of the simplified notification mechanisms in ISpEventSource instead of implementing this interface directly. Free-threaded notifications are difficult to implement without deadlocking the system. Furthermore, other notification mechanisms require less code on the part of the developer. The application needs to handle free-threaded notifications and implement the ISpNotifySink interface when an ISpNotifySink object is to be notified.
Because free-threaded notifications can occur on any thread, at any point during execution, they are extremely prone to deadlocks and re-entrance problems. The only interface that can be called on an event source object is ISpEventSource::GetEvents. If the ISpNotifySink interface is implemented directly, the code should only use some mechanism to signal another thread to process the notification (for example, a Win32 event or an I/O completion port), and, if needed, call ISpEventSource::GetEvents. Do not call any other methods.
Methods in Vtable Order
ISpNotifySink MethodsDescription
NotifyCalled by an ISpNotifySource object to notify the sink when the state of the notify source has changed.
© 2014 Microsoft


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The Special Operations Division trains and responds to emergency hazardous materials incidents, technical rescues, and the rescue of all incident victims. It also responds to disasters and assists other local emergency responders.
As a result of countywide strategic planning, Wylie is primarily concerned with two specialties: Water Rescue and Hazardous Materials response. Although these are our primary areas of concern, attention is given to all areas of specialized response. Current plans call for other agencies throughout Collin County to focus on other specialty areas, with hazardous materials being a joint effort among all agencies.
Special operations is a multi-faceted section and has management responsibilities for the following programs:
- Hazardous Materials
- Swift Water/Dive Rescue
- Specialized/Technical Rescue


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The Sewerage and Water Board of New Orleans (SWBNO) aims to reduce energy consumption and enhance operational efficiency. The FUSE Executive Fellow will analyze energy usage, identify energy reduction opportunities, and lead energy efficiency projects, ultimately transforming SWBNO into a more sustainable and cost-effective agency that better serves the community.
Fellowship Dates: October 23, 2023 – October 21, 2024
Salary: Executive Fellows are FUSE employees and receive an annual base salary of $80,000. Fellows can also access various health, dental, and vision insurance benefits. Compensation for this year of public service is not intended to represent market-rate compensation for the experienced professionals in our program.
ABOUT THE FUSE EXECUTIVE FELLOWSHIP
FUSE is a national nonprofit working to expand social and economic opportunities, particularly for communities that have been limited by a history of systemic and institutionalized racism. FUSE partners with local governments and communities to more effectively address pressing challenges by placing experienced professionals within city and county agencies. These FUSE Executive Fellows lead strategic projects designed to advance racial equity and accelerate systems change. Since 2012, FUSE has led over 250 projects in 40 governments across 20 states, impacting the lives of 25 million people.
When designing each fellowship project, FUSE works closely with government partners and local stakeholders to define a scope of work that will achieve substantive progress toward regional priorities. FUSE then conducts an individualized search for each project to ensure that the selected candidate has at least 15 years of professional experience, the required competencies for the role, and deep connections to the communities being served. They are data-driven and results-oriented and can effectively manage complex projects by developing actionable roadmaps and monitoring progress to completion.
Executive Fellows are hired as FUSE employees and embedded in government agencies for at least one year of full-time work. They receive training, coaching, and professional support from FUSE throughout their fellowships to help achieve their project goals. FUSE Executive Fellows bring diverse perspectives and new approaches to their projects. They build strong relationships with diverse arrays of stakeholders, foster alignment within and across various layers of government, and build partnerships between governments and communities.
The Sewerage and Water Board of New Orleans (SWBNO) is a vital local government utility responsible for providing safe drinking water, treating wastewater, and managing stormwater runoff to prevent extensive flooding. To fulfill these crucial functions, SWBNO operates six major campuses and 122 pumping stations across the city, employing hundreds of workers and maintaining a fleet of vehicles.
Given its scale, SWBNO's facilities consume substantial electrical power. While the agency has made efforts to enhance energy efficiency, such as installing energy-efficient lighting, larger opportunities for energy savings remain untapped. Smart building management systems, major building system overhauls, and on-site solar energy generation have not been fully explored due to limited capacity within the agency. SWBNO's leadership is committed to reducing the organization's overall energy consumption. Fortunately, funds are available from Entergy, the local electric utility, to support or heavily subsidize various energy efficiency projects. Furthermore, emerging federal programs may provide funding for solar panel installations.
By reducing energy consumption, SWBNO can serve the community more cost-effectively and make significant progress toward operating in an environmentally sustainable manner. The agency is also concerned about creating better working conditions for its employees. Energy efficiency initiatives hold the potential to improve work environments by providing enhanced lighting and climate control, thereby enhancing the quality of work life.
To analyze energy consumption and implement projects that reduce energy use, SWBNO will collaborate with FUSE. The appointed FUSE Executive Fellow will engage with agency stakeholders, gather and analyze energy usage data, and develop a prioritized list of opportunities for energy reduction. Subsequently, the Executive Fellow will initiate the implementation of these improvements. A successful Executive Fellow will play a pivotal role in reducing the energy footprint of this significant public utility, resulting in a more efficient agency that better serves the community.
PROJECT SUMMARY & POTENTIAL DELIVERABLES
The following provides a general overview of the proposed fellowship project. This project summary and the potential deliverables will be collaboratively revisited by the host agency, the fellow, and FUSE staff during the first few months of the fellowship.
Beginning in October 2023, the Executive Fellow will engage with agency stakeholders, gather and analyze energy usage data, and develop a prioritized list of opportunities for energy reduction. They will then lead the initial implementation of these improvements, working towards reducing the energy footprint of SWBNO and enhancing its overall efficiency.
To ensure the sustainability and long-term impact of the fellowship work, the Executive Fellow will employ several strategies. They will actively engage with SWBNO staff, looking to identify training and resource opportunities to empower employees in understanding and maintaining energy efficiency measures. This knowledge will enable SWBNO to continue managing and improving energy consumption beyond the fellowship. The Fellow will also build relationships among stakeholders, including agency leadership, staff, and external partners, fostering collaboration and ensuring ongoing support for energy efficiency efforts. Regular meetings, updates, and engagement activities will promote a sustainable culture within SWBNO. Additionally, the Fellow will establish monitoring and evaluation mechanisms to track project performance, collect data, measure energy reduction, and assess cost savings and environmental benefits. Sharing these findings with SWBNO leadership will help to demonstrate the value of the initiatives and inform future decision-making.
By October 2024, the Executive Fellow will have overseen the following:
- Comprehensive Energy Consumption Analysis: The Executive Fellow will thoroughly analyze SWBNO's energy consumption, gathering data from various sources and engaging with agency stakeholders. This analysis will provide a comprehensive understanding of the current energy usage patterns, identifying areas of inefficiency and opportunities for improvement. By evaluating the energy consumption across SWBNO's facilities, including major campuses, pumping stations, and buildings, the Fellow can develop a holistic approach to energy reduction.
- Prioritized List of Energy Reduction Opportunities: Based on the findings from the energy consumption analysis, the Executive Fellow will develop a prioritized list of opportunities for energy reduction. This list will identify specific projects and initiatives with the highest energy savings and operational efficiency potential. The Fellow will consider financial feasibility, environmental impact, and scalability factors to ensure that the recommended opportunities align with SWBNO's goals and resources. The prioritized list will serve as a roadmap for the implementation phase.
- Implementation of Energy Efficiency Projects: The Executive Fellow will play a pivotal role in implementing the identified energy efficiency projects. They will work closely with SWBNO staff, external partners, and contractors to being to execute the recommended initiatives effectively. This may involve overseeing the installation of energy-efficient systems, coordinating the integration of smart building management systems, exploring the use of solar energy for on-site power generation, and facilitating upgrades to major building systems. The Fellow will ensure that the projects are executed efficiently, within budget, and in line with the sustainability goals of SWBNO.
- Executive Sponsor – Ghassan Korban, Executive Director; Sewerage & Water Board
- Project Supervisor – Stephen Nelson, Deputy General Superintendent of Engineering and Services; Sewerage & Water Board
In addition to the qualifications listed below, a facility or property management background is strongly preferred for this project. Knowledge of public procurement or energy efficiency would be a plus, but is not required.
- Synthesizes complex information into clear and concise recommendations and action-oriented implementation plans.
- Develops and effectively implements both strategic and operational project management plans.
- Generates innovative, data-driven, and result-oriented solutions to difficult challenges.
- Responds quickly to changing ideas, responsibilities, expectations, trends, strategies and other processes.
- Communicates effectively both verbally and in writing, and excels in both active listening and conversing.
- Fosters collaboration across multiple constituencies in order to support more effective decision making.
- Establishes and maintains strong relationships with a diverse array of stakeholders, both inside and outside of government, and particularly including community-based relationships.
- Embraces differing viewpoints and implements strategies to find common ground.
- Demonstrates confidence and professional diplomacy, while effectively interacting with individuals at all levels of various organizations.
FUSE is an equal opportunity employer with core values of diversity, equity, and inclusion. We encourage candidates from all backgrounds to apply for this position.


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Schoenberg's Verklärte Nacht: history, editions and analyses
Gustafson, Kirk, 1953-
MetadataShow full item record
This dissertation completed in 1989 is a study containing information surrounding Arnold Schoenberg's original composition of Verklarte Nacht in 1899, his arrangement for string orchestra published in 1917, and his Revision published in 1943. This document is the culmination of the following research: biographical information; a comparative study of the editions listed above; manuscripts; and recordings. A survey of twenty-one different analyses is included along with a chapter regarding the ballet "Pillars of Fire," which was choreographed to the music of Verklarte Nacht.
- Music


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The Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery provides investigators and clinicians with services to support health care delivery research that informs evidence-based practice and improves the quality and value of care.
The center offers researchers the following shared services:
- Economic Evaluation Service. The Economic Evaluation Service team analyzes economic costs and health care resource utilization to help researchers show that the expected benefits of a new agent, technology or intervention are worth the costs.
- Knowledge Synthesis. The center's Knowledge Synthesis team evaluates and summarizes all available evidence on a particular topic to ensure that research efforts are comprehensive and efficient.
- Qualitative Research Services. The Qualitative Research Services team offers clinicians and investigators specialized knowledge and experience for planning and conducting the four interconnected phases of qualitative research: research design, data collection, data analysis and dissemination of research findings.


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Trapezoid Midsegment Investigation
How do you know the quadrilateral initially constructed is a trapezoid? (What postulate or theorem helps justify this?)
The thick black segment (with three tick marks) is called a median (or midsegment) of a trapezoid. Define the term median of a trapezoid without looking up its definition on another site.
What two facts/properties about the median of a trapezoid does this applet illustrate?
Suppose the bases of the trapezoid above measured 14 inches and 26 inches. What would the length of its median be?
Suppose a trapezoid has a median with length 35 inches and one base measuring 23 inches. What would the length of its other base be?
Now move any point so that one of the trapezoid's bases has length = 0. Then re-slide the slider. What other theorem(s) previously learned does this applet now show?


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BGSU Historic Campus Tour
In the late 1950s, the University's Board of Trustees approved plans for the construction of a series of buildings to make up a "science complex" that would serve as a center for the various science departments on-campus. Unfortunately, a lack of funding prevented construction of the Physical Science Laboratory before the early 1980s. Thus, with the Planetarium's construction in 1984, completion of the "science complex" did not occur until well after originally intended. The building has been used mainly by the Chemistry Department, however it also
serves as an aid for industrial research in Physics and Astronomy. Moreover, the building serves the larger Bowling Green community by sponsoring and holding special programs for observing the universe and educating the public in the world of science.
Listed below are additional highlights in the history of the building:
- 1981, Board of Trustees approves plans for the construction of the final building or part of a "science complex."
- 1984, construction completed at a final cost of $7.2 million. Building will house 18 research labs, 9 rooms for "non-portable" science equipment, a planetarium, and roof-top observatory.


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from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License
- n. Measurement (of cloth) by the ell.
- n. A duty paid for such measurement.
from the GNU version of the Collaborative International Dictionary of English
- n. Measurement (of cloth) by the ell; also, a duty for such measurement.
from The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
- n. A measuring by the ell; specifically, official inspection and measurement of woolen cloth for the purpose of laying duties on it. Also spelled alenage, ulnage.
Old French alnage, aulnage, French aunage, from Old French alne ell, of Germanic origin: compare Old High German elina, Gothic aleina, cubit. See ell. (Wiktionary)
Sorry, no example sentences found.


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What is the difference between Volatile and Non-Volatile substances?
The differences between Volatile and Non-Volatile substances are as follows:-
|Volatile Substances||Non-Volatile Substances|
|1. A volatile substance is one that readily evaporates or sublimates at room temperature or below.||1. A non-volatile substance refers to a substance that does not readily evaporates into gas under existing conditions.|
|2. Have a higher vapour pressure.||2. Have a low vapour pressure.|
|3. Have a low boiling point.||3. Have a high boiling point.|
|4. Have weaker intermolecular attractions.||4. Have strong intermolecular attractions.|
|5. When volatile liquids are heated or stored in an open container, the volume of it decreases.|
5. When volatile liquids are heated or stored in an open container, the volume of it does not easily decrease.
|6. It is usually highly flammable.||6. It is usually non-flammable.|
|7. It can be easily detected by smell.||7. It can't be easily detected by smell.|
|8. ExamplesAlcohol, Mercury, and Gasoline.||8. ExamplesSugar, Oil and salt.|
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- What is volatile keyword in C++?
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Science Fair Project Encyclopedia
Jannat al-Baqi (also spelt Jannat ul-Baqi) is a famous cemetery in Madinah, located right across from the Masjid al-Nabawi. It is well known since many of Muhammad's relatives and companions are buried here, and due to its sanctity. Its name means "Tree Garden of Heaven". Many traditions relate Muhammad issuing a prayer everytime he passed the cemetery.
Prior to the twentieth century, many of the graves were covered with domes or other structures. However, after the city of Madinah was taken by the forces of Ibn Saud, many of these buildings and tombs were destroyed, in order to keep with the Wahhabi ideal of not worshipping graves. Thus, the graveyard is now no more than a vast lot with some crude headstones made of rocks. Despite this, the graves of many historic figures continue to be visited by numerous pilgrims. Burials continue at the cemetery to this day as well.
People Buried at Jannat al-Baqi
- Muhammad's son Ibrahim who died in infancy
- Fatima Zahra, Muhammad's daughter
- Many of Muhammad's aunts
- Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, uncle of Muhammad
- Hasan ibn Ali, grandson of Muhammad and Shia Imam
- Ali ibn Husayn, great-grandson of Muhammad, and Shia Imam
- Muhammad al-Baqir, Shia Imam
- Jafar Sadiq, Islamic jurist and Shia Imam
- Malik ibn Anas, Islamic jurist
- Imam Shamil, Chechen leader
The contents of this article is licensed from _URL_ under the GNU Free Documentation License. Click here to see the transparent copy and copyright details


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Microsoft Azure is a service that is used to store files, messages, tables and other types of information. Azure storage use multiple tools that help to perform multiple functions. Azcopy upload PST helps to import the data so that migrated mailbox data items can be retrieved easily. These storage tools are used by websites, mobile apps, desktop applications, and many other types of custom solutions.
- Platform as a Service (PaaS)
- Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
In this segment, we will consider Azcopy that helps to upload Outlook PST to Office 365. The command line tool Azcopy moves the data from Microsoft Azure storage to the desired location. The command network upload method uses the Azure and AzCopy tool to migrate the mailboxes to Office 365 that is widely accessible. But first, before we migrate PST mailbox to Office 365 we need to know the features and need for Azcopy tool.
The Need and Features of the Azcopy Tool
The features of AzCopy tool are
- Selective data transfer is possible using the wild cards, prefix etc.
- Concurrent and conditional copying
- To restart the operations uninterrupted.
The need to use AzCopy tool are
- To access SaaS using the internet
- Pay for the service as per the usage only
- To meet requirements for business
- Automatically work with updated versions
- 24*7 service is accessible
- Dependency on hardware decreases
- Decreased chances of data loss
Method to Migrate Mailbox Items using AzCopy Tool
Step 1 – Install Azure AzCopy Tool
- Using the Office 365 credentials of an administrator account, sign in.
- Click on Data management ->Import on the left side of the navigation panel.
- The Import page opens up and you need to again click on the option Import.
- In the Import data into Office 365 tab, click on the + sign and you get a drop-down list.
- Select Upload data over the network option.
- In the Upload files over the network window, click on Show URL to copy the Shared Access Signature (SAS)
- URL and copy the entire SAS URL.
- For the downloading of Azure AzCopy tool-
- To download Azure AzCopy tool, click on Download tool.
- Click Run and Azure AzCopy tool get installed.
- In the Upload files over the network page, click Cancel option after the download is completed.
Step 2 – To Upload PST Files to Microsoft Cloud
This step is to upload and store the PST files on cloud. For this, the PST files need to be located in a file share. This is the source directory and each time the AzCopy tool is run, a different source directory can be specified.
- On the local machine open the command prompt and with the AzCopy command-line utility, transfer the data.
- In the command prompt, go to the installed tool default location %ProgramFiles (x86)%\MicrosoftSDKs\Azure\Azcopy
- For the uploading of the PST files that are to be migrated to Office 365, run the AzCopy.exe command asAzCopy.exe /Source: /Dest: /V:
/Source: "Path of PST file"
/Dest: "SAS URL"
/V: Specifies output verbose status messages into a log file. This displays a detailed status message.
- After the execution of the command, the user gets to see a status message displayed of the total number of successful uploaded files to Office 365.
Step 3 – To create the PST Import Mapping File
- A copy of the PST Import mapping file is to be downloaded.
- The CSV file is to be opened and saved to the Notepad or Excel of the local disk.
Step 4 – To Create a PST Import Job
- Go to the website protection.office
- Use the Office 365 credentials of an administrator account to sign in.
- On the left navigation pane, click Data management -> Import.
- On the Import page that opens up, click on Import option.
- Click on + option and in the drop-down list, select Upload data over the network.
- In the Upload files over network page, click on the option 'I'm done uploading my files' and on 'I have access to the mapping file' boxes. Click 'Next'.
- Type a name for the PST Import file and click Next
- The user has to click on the + sign and navigate to the location of the CSV file created.
- Click on that CSV file and then click 'Validate' to check the file for errors.
- Read the terms and conditions and then click the checkbox
- Click Finish and your PST Import file get submitted.
- The user can click on Import on the left side navigation pane to view the status of the imported data.
Drawbacks of Manual Approach
The use of Azcopy import pst will help to migrate the Outlook PST data but this manual method that is provided above is time-consuming, lengthy and tough for a non-technical person. It is better to keep this process on a side as using a professional way to upload Outlook PST file.
SysTools Office 365 Restore is a great tool which supports bulk migration and also transfers attachments, emails and contacts. It is even endowed with a user-friendly interface that helps the user to understand the process to migrate Outlook PST files to Office 365 cloud. The best part this tool is that it helps to import Outlook PST Files to Office 365 user account with entire data items, not only this it also takes backup of Office 365 data that is very helpful and replace Azcopy import PST process.
This blog discusses the manual method to export mailboxes using Windows Azure storage tool AzCopy and also the professional tool to do this task efficiently and easily, the migration of PST to Office 365 is very helpful and will replace the manual process very easily.


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Death sentence is given to those criminals who tend to do extremely offensive activities. Mainly, there are two different modes of executing death sentence either by hanging or shooting. You may have seen in many movies that how the criminal is treated before hanging officially. But, there are some other things you may not know what actually happens before hanging a person. Here are few things that are executed before a person is hanged. Have a look!
Hanging is the most common method that is adopted for execution of Death Sentence. Actually, the criminal would be hanged with a noose, that could lead to death by rupturing the neck. Before hanging the convict, the Jail Superintendent, a Local Magistrate, Senior Police Officials and a Doctor visits the place where convict was imprisoned. They reads the warrant stating the reason for hanging the criminal judicially.
1. Woken up Early in the Morning
Before hanging the convict the jail superintendent follows some rules. The criminal is woken up early in the morning i.e., at 3 A.M. and asks him to fresh up.
2. Allows to take Bath
The prisoner will be asked to fresh up by taking bath. The convict will be provided both hot and cold water and they can do any shower based on their choice.
3. Offers Favorite Food of Convict
As a last wish of the criminal going to be hanged, he will be provided his favorite food. Even it is not available in the canteen of the jail, they will bring it from anywhere outside in order to fulfill his final wish.
4. Provides Light Refreshment
After eating their desired food, they will be given some time for light refreshment. They will be left alone for some amount of time so that they can memorize their family members.
5. Provides Religious Books or Recite Prayers to have a Peaceful Mind
The convicts are offered religious books based on their interest or they are given some time to recite prayers to their favorite God to have a peaceful mind.
6. Lubricates the Rope for Smooth Sliding Action
The rope or noose which is used to hang the criminal will be lubricated with cheese and ripen banana and kept for 3 days till the day of hanging. This way of applying cheese is to ensure smooth sliding action, so that it doesn't stretch much when the convict gets hanged.
7. Doctor Examines the Convict
After giving him some time for preparing himself, doctor checks the physical and mental condition of the prisoner. If the report ensures that the condemned convict's health is totally fit, then they execute hanging process.
8. Prisoner is Blind-folded
The convict who is to be hanged judicially is then taken to the gallows and is then blind-folded by covering the prisoner's face with a cotton hood or cloth. Usually, they pinion the convict's hands behind their back using handcuffs or a leather strap and legs are pinioned with a cord.
9. Magistrate Gives Signal
After covering the convict's face with a cotton cloth, the Executive Magistrate shall identify the prisoner as the person named in the warrant and read to him a translation of the warrant in his mother tongue. The Magistrate then gives signal to the hangman to pull the lever.
10. Hangman or Lyncher is confidential
The person who hangs the criminal is called Hangman or Lyncher. The details of the Lyncher will be kept confidential because he must not be troubled later for accomplishing his job. The lyncher will recite his prayer for few seconds so as to free himself from any sense of guilt before putting the hood on the convict's head. Later, the hangman pulls the lever and the body gets hanged and goes down.
These are the things that are executed before a person is judicially hanged in a prison. After pulling the lever, the prisoner will hanged for 30 minutes of time. Later, the doctor who is present in the spot examines the convict's body and confirms death. The Police officials then informs the matter to Higher officials and decides whether to handover the dead body to their family members or cremate in jail itself after performing Autopsy (Post-mortem).


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If you are using a safari theme in your classroom, these name plates are just the way to identify your "safari hunters" to visitors in your classroom. The name plates provide "helpers". The design for primary students include the alphabet (vowels stand out in red), number line, and basic shapes. The design for intermediate students includes the cursive alphabet, and multiplication chart. Laminate for durability to last the entire year.
Be sure to check out these other Safari Theme Resources:
Safari Theme Brag Tags
Safari Theme Classroom Jobs
Safari Theme Newsletter
Safari Theme Behavior Punch Cards
Safari Theme Clip Chart and Rewared Catalog


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Hedgerow planting in Denmark
Despite the great extension of agricultural land and farming tradition in Denmark, few formal agroforestry systems can be easily found. However, Denmark has a long tradition in hedgerow planting which has shaped and delineated Danish landscapes.
Hedgerow planting to protect crops from wind erosion has a long tradition in Denmark. Hedgerow structure, composition and purpose have evolved from the XIX century, when many of today's hedgerows were established to state ownership boundaries and to increase agricultural productivity. Nowadays, hedgerows are key multifunctional landscape elements that enhance biodiversity and increase landscape diversity. Although the plantation of hedgerows is decreasing, still more than 500 km of hedgerows are planted every year.
In the mid of the XIX century, there was a strong need of agricultural land to provide food to the increasing population of Denmark and to compensate the loss of territory to Germany after the 1864 war. Western Jutland, which was dominated by heath, was reclaimed to agricultural land (1, 2). However, strong wind erosion and dominating sandy soils demanded shelterbelts for this new agricultural land. In 1866 the Land Development Service (DLDS) was established with the purpose to protect these farmlands (2, 3).
The DLDS is a private organization which was funded by subscriptions of members, donations and since 1880, shortly after its foundation, by the national government which quickly became the main source of funds. Until 1989, DLDS has been the main driver of hedgerow planting (today it is still responsible for 90% of hedgerows planting), holding the monopoly of distributing plants with subsidized prices, providing advisors and offering staff for hedgerow planting (Fig. 1).
Fig 1: DLDS distribution of plants Fig 2: "Flying squads" - planting activities
Around the same time, local planting associations started to appear and in 1902 the Federation of Planting Associations (NBSP) was formed (2). Acting as a national coordinator and organized in regional associations, its purpose was to promote and advice groups of farmers on hedgerows planting and maintenance. The Federation of Planting Associations (today the Danish Planting Association) and the DLDS were strongly associated and together have been the main actors in the network of subsidized hedgerow planting in Denmark until nowadays (3, 4, Fig. 3).
Fig. 3: Central actors in the network related to subsidised hedgerow planting in Denmark.
A good example of the collaboration between the national government and the hedgerows planting scheme were the so-called "Flying Squads". In the 1920s, the collective hedgerow planting model became very popular. It consisted of groups of association members who decided to plant together in the same geographical area at the same time. To fight against the high unemployment rates, the government created the flying squads which carried out the planting work with the support of the Ministry of Social Affairs (financing the hand work) and the Ministry of Agriculture (financing the plant materials) (4, Figure 2). This led to the creation of over a hundred local planting associations under the umbrella of the Federation of Planting Associations. This collective hedgerow planting became the organization's model for the next 3 decades (1).
The 1960s and 1970s showed a decline in the interest in hedgerow planting, also a consequence of reduced governmental support and increasing inflation (1, 2). This situation remained until the mid-final 1980s, when the entrance of the EU financial support supposed a revitalization of the hedgerow planting schemes.
The planting design of hedgerows did not vary too much until the 1960s and consisted mainly of one row of trees (Picea glauca and Picea sitchensis, often complemented with Sorbus intermedia (5)). However, after it became evident that these mono-specific hedgerows had a low permanence and stability, new hedgerow models were developed, taking the value of hedgerows for biodiversity and cultural landscape values into consideration (6).
In 1974, the EU Structural Fund started co-financing hedgerow planting and this push revitalized the hedgerow scheme. First, hedgerows were funded only on agricultural land with a risk of wind erosion in Western Jutland. In 1976 the first Hedgerow Planting act was implemented and financial support was extended to the whole of Denmark. Two different hedgerows planting schemes were established following the same model that was already running: individual and collective schemes, the latest one heavily favored because it supported not only the planting materials (like in the individual scheme), but also planting and maintenance costs for three years.
Fig. 4: Windbreak of five rows, 800 m long. Established withe a 20.000 kr (~2670€) grant from EM Dalgas Memorial in 2013.
The appearance of the EU co-funding implied a transition in the purpose and motivations for hedgerow planting. Although increasing farmland productivity was still the main objective of hedgerow planting, the 1988 act modification specified that hedgerow planting has also positive effects on the landscape. In 1993 the scheme was extended to include the financial support for woodlot planting connected to hedgerows to enhance nature and landscape, acknowledging the role of ecological corridors. Finally, in 2002, aesthetic values were added to the act, recognizing the multifunctional purpose of hedgerows. The individual and collective schemes were balanced, giving the same financial support to both of them (although collective plantings remain predominant).
Today, more recent hedgerows are usually shaped by 3 rows (but comprise sometimes up to 7-8 rows), combining deciduous trees and shrubs and not exceeding 10 meters of width. Its implementation has been extended from the outwash plains of Western Jutland to the whole country (figure 4, figure 5).
Fig. 5: Typical hedgerows plantings are 3 and 6 rowed. It is usually formed by native deciduous species.
In 2005, the ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries analyzed the current situation of the hedgerows scheme in Denmark with special focus on profitability and habitat enhancement values (5, 7) viagra vente en ligne. Their report highlighted the wider hedgerows (6-7 rows) as permanent habitat providers (although not economically beneficial due extra costs), while 3-4 rows were highlighted as green corridors and economically profitable.
The effects of hedgerows on Danish agricultural landscapes are palpable and are a success of a bottom-up approach in land use management. Wind erosion became a minor problem by reducing wind speed. By changing micro-climate, hedgerows increase temperature and crops yield. The current scheme which includes broader purposes has allowed hedgerows to define the landscape in the whole country, even in areas where wind erosion risk is not a problem.
Source: Mario Torralba Viorreta, Dep. of Geoscience and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, February 2015. Mario started his PhD on silvopastoral systems in May 2014 and is contributing to the Agforward project's WP7.
Picture Source: Det Danske Hedeselskab (Danish Land Development Service).
1. Fritzbøger B. 1998. Det åbne lands kulturhistorie, DSR-Forlag, Copenhagen.
2. Fritzbøger B. 2002. Bag hegnet. Historien om levende hegn i det danske landskab. Landsforeningen De danske Plantningsforeninger. Gullanders Bogtrykkeri A/S, Skjern.
3. Busck A.G. 2003. Hedgerow planting analysed as a social system – interaction between farmers and other actors in Denmark. Journal of Environmental Management 68: 161–171.
4. Knudsen H.S. 1983. Det flyvende korps. Fællesudvalget for Læplantning
5. Busck A, Kristensen L.S and Primdah J. 2007. The Hedgerow Planting Scheme in Denmark - a case study of objectives, context, effects and implications. Anex III of Maximising the provision of public goods from future agri- 469 environmental schemes. Final Report of Project 15932. (Peterborough (UK): Land Use 470 Policy Group, 2007).
6. Knudsen H, Vestergaard G. 2001. Levende hegn og små beplantninger. Landbrugsforlaget.
7. Rapport om effektvurdering af læplantningsordningen. 2005. Direktoratet for Fødevareerhverv.