text:
Article One: Name
- The name of this organization shall be "Groton Interfaith Council; hereafter it shall be referred to as the "GIC", "Interfaith Council" or the "Council."
Article Two: Mission & Vision
MISSION: The Groton Interfaith Council is an association of religious organizations and individual community members in Groton, Massachusetts. The mission of the Groton Interfaith Council is to foster understanding, respect, justice and peace among people of a variety of religious traditions through worship, fellowship, education, and service.
VISION: Inspired by our different faiths and our common values, we thus bind ourselves together in association for mutual enrichment and community service and agree to honor the differences among us in theology, polity, worship, and practice. Together we will seek ways to create more understanding and acceptance of people of diverse religions and cultures.
Article Three: Membership
- ELIGIBILITY:The Interfaith Council shall embrace all religious organizations and individual supporters in Groton, MA, that indicate their desire to be so associated.
- A Religious Organization is defined as a formally organized worshipping community.
- An individual supporter may be a member of a religious organization or independent of a religious organization.
- Existing members of the Groton Council of Churches will maintain their membership status in the GIC effective January 1, 2010
- MEMBERSHIP: An eligible religious organization or individual may become a member upon written request for membership, upon a meeting with the council to describe their mission, vision and values, how that matches the GIC Mission and Vision, and how they relate to people with different beliefs, and upon the approval of a two-thirds (2/3) majority of the representatives of the constituent members present and voting at any assembly meeting. In assuming membership in the GIC, members accept responsibility for supporting the Council's mission and vision.
- ACTIVE MEMBERSHIP: In order for members to maintain active membership status, members must attend at least one of every 6 quarterly assembly meetings and pay annual dues. Annual dues for religious organizations are $50 and dues for individual members are $10, due April 15th of every year.
- INACTIVE MEMBERSHIP: If a member does not pay annual dues and does not meet attendance requirements, the member automatically becomes inactive, meaning that the member cannot vote until membership is reactivated by paying annual dues and attending an assembly meeting.
- REPRESENTATION: Each member organization may be represented at assembly meetings by one leader and two delegates elected by its own constituency. Leader and delegates of active member religious organizations each receive one vote. Delegates shall serve a one (1) year term and may be re-elected. Active individual members are member for life and each receive one vote.
- WITHDRAWAL or TERMINATION:
- Any member organization may withdraw from membership in the Council by written notice.
- Full voting Membership is conditional on payment of annual dues by April 15th. In May, the Treasurer shall contact members whose dues have not been paid, and voting privileges shall be suspended on June 30th of that year for those members whose dues have not been paid.
- Mailings to and voting privileges may be terminated by the approval of a two-thirds (2/3) majority vote of the assembly at a quarterly meeting if the annual dues have not been paid and the individual member or delegate of the member organization has not attended any of the last six assembly meetings.
- Membership shall be terminated for actions contrary to the purposes of the GIC as stated in Article II of these By-Laws by the approval of a two-thirds (2/3) majority vote of the representatives present at an assembly meeting, provided written notice of such proposed action is given to member organization or individual member two (2) weeks prior to the date of the assembly.
Article Four: Governing Structure & Meetings
- ASSEMBLY:Consists of individual members and representatives from organizations (one leader and two delegates). The work of the assembly includes:
- Meeting regularly to plan and vote on policies and procedures, bylaw changes, and activities.
- Establishing and continuing committees and functions in accordance with the mission of the Council
- Electing the officers from among the representatives of the membership
- ASSEMBLY MEETING:Quarterly meetings are the foundation of the Interfaith Council's governing structure, and most of the decisions, activities, communication and work of the Council will take place during these meetings. The President, elected by the assembly, will serve as moderator of the Meetings.
- Elections will be held at the 1st quarter assembly meeting.
- COMMITTEE MEETING: Committees may be formed to form on special tasks and they are to meet separately from the assembly and report back to the assembly on any new business.
- Notice, Representation and Quorum:
- Notice of meetings will be given electronically or in writing to all member organizations and individual members thirty days prior to the scheduled meeting date. Notification of changes to meeting dates must be send electronically or in writing to all member organizations and individual members as soon as the change is made.
- A simple majority vote of the assembly present will decide all issues unless otherwise stated in these bylaws.
Article Five: Officers and The Executive Committee
- OFFICERS: The Officers of the Interfaith Council will be: President, Vice President, Scribe, and Treasurer elected annually by majority of members present at the 1st quarter assembly meeting. Officers will have one-year terms, but can reelected each year during elections at the 1st quarter assembly meeting.
- Roles and Responsibilities:
- Develops the agenda.
- Moderates meetings.
- Appoints members to and encourages committees and task forces.
- Communicates with the community, members and individual supporters
- Serves as the spokesperson for the Interfaith Council at community events.
- Represents the Council in correspondence and documents
- Vice President:
- Moderates meetings in absence of the President.
- Takes minutes of meetings.
- Sends out electronic, written and/or verbal announcements of meetings.
- Takes attendance and confirms quorums at meetings.
- Maintains active and inactive membership list with assistance of treasurer.
- Maintains historical records of meetings, including minutes and hand-outs
- Collects and records membership dues and report as requested.
- Works with scribe to maintain active and inactive membership lists.
- Records all collections and expenditures.
- Collects receipts and distribute funds as requested.
- Provides a financial report at every assembly meeting.
- Attend and vote at meetings.
- Participate as able and willing in Interfaith Council meetings and activities.
Article Six: Fiscal Year
- The Fiscal Year shall begin on January 1st and end on December 31st of the following year.
Article Seven: Amendments
- These bylaws may be amended by two-thirds vote of the governing body present at a Quarterly Meeting. All proposed amendments must be submitted in writing to all member organizations at least thirty days prior to the Quarterly Meeting.


text:
To determine the year and month when a spice was packaged, look for a series of black numbers and letters printed on the bottom or side of the spice container. This is not the UPC code and it is usually printed directly on the container, not the label.
On dry packet mixes, the numbers and letters are pressed or indented into the edge of the package. The first number indicates the year of the decade. For example, if the first number is 9, this means the product was packaged in 2009. The second letter refers to the month. "A" stands for January, "B" stands for February, "C" is for March, and so on. So, if an item was packaged in March of 2009, the code would begin with 9C. (Other numbers and letters will follow, but the first two digits indicate when the product was packaged).
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source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
An obscuration of the atmosphere in hot weather, especially a shimmering in the air near the ground that distorts distant views.
More example sentences
- The sun shone, the water glittered, and a fine heat haze shimmered over the distant shoreline.
- Theo and the little girl were now little more than two indistinct specks shimmering in the heat haze, a mirage that was beginning to flicker and break up.
- Each day the heat haze shimmered in the distance, distorting the path of the road.
Definition of heat haze in:
- The British & World English dictionary


text:
The Impact Of Right-To-Work Laws On Interstate Cost Of Living
Type of Degreethesis
MetadataShow full item record
The impact of right-to-work laws on cost of living differentials is a highly controversial topic due to its possible political implications. This study seeks to investigate the determinants of geographic cost of living in the case of the United States on a state by state basis, focusing on the impact of right-to-work laws. This study hopes to offer some insight into the advantages or disadvantages of a state's adopting a right-to-work law from the point of the state's cost of living. It is intuitive that the passage of right-to-work laws dramatically influences the presence of unionized workers, and it has been suggested that the degree of unionization has a direct relationship with the overall cost of living (Cebula and Toma, 2008). After presenting the history, past literature, and legislation relating to the determinants of cost of living and right-to-work laws, this study employs a reduced form estimation methodology along with a multiplicative heteroscedasticity approach to show that right-to-work laws have an impact on the overall cost of living in a state. After analysis of the empirical results it was concluded that right-to-work laws have a negative effect on a state's cost of living, thus decreasing a state's cost of living.


text: Nikhil is examining the interaction between large-scale fluctuations in buffaloberry (Shepherdia canadensis) fruit production and the nutritional, population, and movement dynamics of grizzly bears in Alberta. Buffaloberries are a critical component of the diet of bears during the late-summer period prior to hibernation, but fruit crops can vary dramatically among years and habitats. Little is known about the environmental variables that regulate buffaloberry fruiting and the effects of intraand inter-annual variation in fruit production on the health, habitat use and demography of grizzly bears. Nikhil will investigate these spatial-temporal interactions using biochemical and traditional monitoring methods, as well as shrub manipulations and exclosure experiments to examine fruiting dynamics and interspecific competition for berries. He is also interested in how these resource pulse-consumer dynamics may relate to incidences of human-bear conflict.


text:
If you're on a low income, or out of work, you may be able to claim Universal Credit.
This is a monthly payment made by the Government to help with your living costs. In Scotland, you can choose to have it paid twice a month instead.
There's been a big increase in the number of people making claims during the coronavirus pandemic. Here's our guide to help you understand how to apply and how much you might get. 1
What does Universal Credit replace?
Universal Credit was brought in to replace these other benefits:
- Child Tax Credit
- Housing Benefit
- Income Support
- Working Tax Credit
- income-based Jobseeker's Allowance (JSA)
- income-related Employment and Support Allowance (ESA)
If you already receive any of these, you won't need to do anything unless:
- you need to report a change in your circumstances
- the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) gets in touch about moving you to Universal Credit
How do you apply?
To apply, you'll need an email address and details of the following:
- bank, building society or credit union account
- housing costs, such as how much rent you pay
- income (for example, payslips)
- savings and any investments (for example, shares)
- childcare costs, if you're applying for help with these
You'll also need proof of identity, such as:
- driving licence
- debit or credit card
You can't claim Universal Credit if you're also entitled to the severe disability premium, or have been within the last month.
How much is Universal Credit?
Universal Credit payments vary because there's a standard allowance per household, plus other elements you may, or may not, be eligible for. These include housing, childcare and disability.
As of 6 April 2020, the standard allowances are:
If you're single and under 25:
£342.72 per month
If you're single and 25 or over:
£409.89 per month
If you're part of a couple and both under 25:
£488.59 per month for you both
If you're part of a couple and either of you is 25 or over:
£594.04 per month for you both
Universal Credit is paid in arrears, but you can apply for an advance payment if you don't have enough to live on while you wait.
More financial help
You might be able to apply for other financial support related to Universal Credit, including Alternative Payment Arrangements, or a Budgeting Advance.
The GOV.UK website also has details of how to get help with things like:
- emergency household expenses
- funeral costs
- cold weather payments
- free school meals
- legal costs


Fields of Fire Fun Activities
James Webb
Buy the Fields of Fire Lesson Plans
Illustrated Cover
Create an illustrated cover that best depicts the novel.
Word Search Puzzle
Make a word search puzzle using words taken from Webb's descriptions of the Vietnam War.
Newspaper Article
Write a newspaper article describing the battle in the cemetery where Snake and Hodges are killed.
Write a Eulogy
Write a eulogy of two paragraphs honoring Robert E. Lee Hodges.
Slide Show
Make a powerpoint slideshow of the key events in the novel. Include authentic photos of the Vietnam War if possible and a soundtrack of music from the Vietnam era.
Write a Postcard
Pretend to be a visitor in Da Nang during the Vietnam War. Make a postcard to send home to friends detailing your stay in Da Nang, explaining the dangers you are facing. Draw an illustration of Da Nang on the front.
Watch the Movie
Watch one of the many movies that have been...
(read more Fun Activities)
This section contains 516 words
(approx. 2 pages at 300 words per page)
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I am using windows form for my application. I am loading another form on click of panel. Now I want to show sliding effect for opening and closing of form.I am able to add negative sliding effect while opening as form opens from right to left by overloading OnLoad event of form. But I am not able to hide the form with positive slide effect using AnimateWindow function. Is there any way to do this?
This is what I have used to show the form:
protected override void OnLoad(System.EventArgs e)
 NativeMethods.AnimateWindow(this.Handle, 500,
 AW_ACTIVATE | AW_SLIDE | AW_HOR_NEGATIVE);
share|improve this question
Can you show the code you use to hide the form and describe what happens when you call it? – stuartd Aug 31 '12 at 12:33
3 Answers 3
up vote 0 down vote accepted
Using your existing pattern - OnClosing + AW_HIDE does it in reverse.
protected override void OnClosing(CancelEventArgs e)
 AnimateWindow(this.Handle, 500, AW_ACTIVATE | AW_SLIDE | AW_HOR_NEGATIVE | AW_HIDE);
share|improve this answer
Why don't use simply Form.Location property.
Increase or decrease it's relative values to achieve sliding animation effect you want.
share|improve this answer
This library might be able to do what you want.
Example code from the site, which could, in your case, be placed in the Closing event.
Transition t = new Transition(new TransitionType_EaseInEaseOut(2000));
t.add(pictureBox1, "Left", 300);
t.add(pictureBox1, "Top", 200);
Once you've done the animation, you can use the TransitionCompletedEvent event to hide the form. (or you could animate the Opacity property of your form)
public event EventHandler TransitionCompletedEvent;
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text:
Stochastic Collocatation for Correlated Inputs (2015)
Wednesday, March 25, 2015
Stochastic Collocation (SC) has been studied and used in different disciplines for Uncertainty Quantification (UQ). The method consists of computing a set of appropriate points, called collocation points, and then using Lagrange interpolation to construct the probability density function (pdf) of the quantity of interest (QoI). The collocation points are usually chosen as Gauss quadrature points, i.e., the roots of orthogonal polynomials with respect to the pdf of the uncertain inputs. If the mathematical model has more than one stochastic parameter, the multidimensional set of points is usually build using the tensor product of the roots of the onedimensional orthogonal polynomials. As a result of that, for multidimensional problems the same set of collocation points is used for both correlated and uncorrelated inputs. In this work, we propose to compute an alternative set of points for correlated inputs. The set will be derived using the orthogonal polynomials for correlated inputs that we developed in a previous work. As these polynomials are not unique, we will obtain multiple sets of collocations points for each input pdf. The aim of this paper is to study the differences between those sets of points and to find and optimal one.


text:
Preschool Printable Lined Paper – Lined paper is a type of writing paper which contains horizontal lines that are utilized as a guides for a more consistent and clear writing. In the United States the three most common standard formats are: college ruled, wide ruled paper and narrow ruled paper
Developing a lined paper template doesn't appear difficult. The printable templates on this page could plainly attest to that. It is basic to develop lined paper design templates, though this depends mostly on how how basic it looks.


text:
Armenian Dram Sign
After proclamation of independence Armenia put into circulation own national currency – Armenian Dram (Armenian: Դրամ; code: AMD), the usage of which revealed the necessity for a monetary sign. As the result of common business practice and the unique pattern of Armenian letters the shape of the sign and its variations appeared in the business scratches. Since that time and until the official endorsement of the sign a number of artists and businessmen developed and offered various shapes for it. Now Armenian dram sign (symbol) is present in the Armenian standard for the national characters and symbols and in the Armenian computer fonts.
Heritage of Mashtots
There is a strong belief that the shape of Dram Sign (symbol) is a direct projection of the Armenian alphabet – the brilliant work of Mesrop Mashtots. It is not hard to notice the clean-cut geometry of Armenian letters, so did the author of the Sign when studied the alphabet. Later he became a proponent for the hypothesis, which states that the prototype of the Armenian alphabet is a variety of combinations of resembling curves and horizontal elements. Subsequently these horizontal elements played a key role in the Sign development.
Date of creation
Apparently, the sign was emerged on 7 September 1995. This date refers to the specific page in the preserved scratches for cash flow of a start-up company. Since that date the sign together with the dollar sign is constantly present in cash flow records (euro was not in circulation yet), and no evidences for earlier dates are tendered by anybody yet.
The objective of the sign is to symbolize the Armenian national currency and come in handy wherever a graphical symbol for the currency would be in demand, for instance in: financial documents, price-lists and tags, currency exchange displays, computer fonts, correspondence, etc.
At the time of the sign's development were outlined the definite fundamental criteria for it, namely the sign has:
- to denote the Armenian National Currency by graphical means;
- to recall the outlines of Armenian letters;
- to include the elements typical for the foreign monetary symbols;
- to be easily reproduced with a few strokes;
- to be enough plain for its identification and memorizing.
Present to Republic
The exceptional chance to present the sign to Republic of Armenia became real in connection with celebration of the 1700th Anniversary of Christianity Proclamation in Armenia as state religion in 2001. The sign's proposal has been presented to the President of the Republic of Armenia, at that date Mr. R. Kocharyan. Together with this gift a special letter with congratulation on the Anniversary has been sent to the Catholicos of all Armenians Garegin II.
The Council of the Central Bank of Armenia handling the proposal announced the contest, entertained the offer among the other proposals and approved it together with the similar one. CBA Panel Ordinance declared to "accept the designs of Dram Symbol presented by K. Komendaryan and R. Arutchyan". Then the Symbol has been passed to the state organizations for the official processing and standardization.
To the right are the designs for Dram Sign submitted to CBA contest by an artist R. Arutchyan and an architect V. Phenesyan respectively. The proposal by R. Arutchyan cognates with Euro sign shape and the proposal by V. Phenesyan is based on the first letter of Armenian word Փող (money, pronounced as "phokh").
Placement on Dram bill
Since year 2003 the original shape of the Sign is present on the reverse side of 10,000 Armenian Dram bill. The bill's other issuances took place in 2006 and 2008. In 2011 the sign has been placed on the 1000 dram bill.
Placement on Dram coin
Since year 2008 the original shape of the Sign is present on the reverse side of 5,000 Armenian Dram commemorative coin.
The graphics of the symbol is based on the shape of the first letter of Armenian word "դրամ" (money, pronounced as "dram"). The transformation of the letter toward the monetary symbol is done in accordance with the graphics of the range of foreign monetary signs. As a result, the sign combines its Armenian origin with the two strokes present in the majority of other monetary symbols. The meaning of those two strokes is being revealed by the author's in his lectures.
Copyright and national attributes
To ensure protection of authorship the author has sent requests to Armenian National Standards Institute in 1997 and Copyright Bureau of Library of US Congress in 2001. However, the Article 6 of Law on Copyright and Neighboring Rights adopted by the National Assembly of Armenia on 8 December 1999 and revised on 15 June 2006, assert that state emblems and signs are not considered as objects for copyright. Hence, the dram symbol may be referred to national attributes, the mandatory items of which are flag, national seal, anthem and money.
There are the international and republican standards pertinent to money and its symbols:
- ISO 4217, Codes for the Representation of Currencies and Funds – defines the format of three-letter abbreviation for world monetary instruments. To Armenian dram in it was assigned code AMD.
- Arm.Stand. 34._PHONE_, Character Sets and Keyboards – defines Armenian characters encoding and keyboard layouts. The code for the Sign is 91 and shorthand is 'armdram'.
- Unicode 6.1 and ISO/IEC 10646, Joint standardization for coding multilingual text.
In 2007 Armenian National Institute for Standardization, Measurements and Metrology made an amendment to the Сharacter Sets and Keyboards table and enacted to replace the collocation "Dram sign" by the graphics of the symbol.
On 15 June 2011, the Unicode Technical Committee (UTC) accepted the dram sign for inclusion in the future versions of the Unicode Standard and assigned a code for the sign - U+058F (֏). In 2012 the sign was finally adopted in the Armenian block of ISO and Unicode international standards.
Variations of design
Upon creation of Sign's original shape a number of designs for it were developed to conform to the most popular font styles and their derivatives (italic, bold). In 2001 the designs together with the original shape were gifted to the Republic as templates for the national font sets. Below are presented three main templates, however, now there is a variety of the sigh shapes in the Armenian computer fonts.
In 2008 under the auspices of Ministry of Culture of Armenia and Microsoft-Armenia in National Book Chamber of Armenia took place "Granshan 2008" competition for the complete set of Armenian letters and characters, for which were developed styles for the Sign among the other characters and symbols.
The Sign's official presentations have been conducted by the author at the Central Bank of Armenia and at the First historical Congress of Armenian Technologies ArmTech 2007 in San-Francisco, north to Silicon Valley. Also, in order to promulgate it the author arranged lectures at American Corners of Yerevan and Gyumri, and Armenian State University of Economics in Yerevan and Yeghegnadzor, CRRC office, Dilijan college and Armenian National Lyceem after Anania Shirakatsy. Besides, he created this and other similar articles and conducted a presentation at the Public Library after A.Isahakyan, Yerevan.
In connection with celebration of the 15th Anniversary of Armenian Dram in November 2008 the Central Bank of Armenia issued a commemorative coin with the Sign on the reverse side just against Noah's Arch on the National Coat of Arms on obverse. The same year the Sign was widely populated in a number of local periodicals
In 2011 Dram sign appeared on the renewed official site of CBA and in the design of its new Visitors Center.
- ↑ Mouraviev, Serge (Сергей Муравьев). The Mystery of Mesrop Mashtots,"Literaturnaya Armenia" #2, Yerevan, 1985
- ↑ Armenian Dram Sign Establishing Act, The Council of Central Bank of Armenia, Act #25 October 9, 2001
- ↑ _URL_
- ↑ Komendaryan, Ken (Karen), The History of Dram, Dollar, Euro Monetary Symbols, lectures
- ↑ The interview with Karen Komendaryan, The newspaper of Union of Banks of Armenia #4, November, 2008
- ↑ Komendaryan, Ken (Karen) Graphical Symbol for Armenian Dram, "Bazis", First Armenian Economics Magazine #8-9, October-November, Yerevan 2008
- ↑ Arzumanyan, Karen Symbol for Armenian Money, Delovoy Express", Armenian Business Newspaper, #43, 21-28 November Yerevan 2008
- ↑ Zakharyan, Violetta, Valjuntarizm, "Yerevan" Magazine, #12, December Ethnopress Armenia-Russia-USA 2008
- ↑ A Monument to Currency, "Yerevan" Magazine, #12, December 2008
- ↑ Aloyan, Anna, "Economics" Economic, public, cultural analytic magazine #3 (9), Winter 2008-2009
- ↑ Graphical Sign for Armenian Dram, "Tntesaget" official newspaper of Armenian State University of Economics, #9 (641), November 2008
- ↑ '"Tntesaget" official newspaper of Armenian State University of Economics, #4 (645), April

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Client: Colorado Springs Utilities
Task: Increase participation and representation of youth perspectives in decision-making about electricity generation.
Students conducted focus groups, interviews, and a survey to capture how area youth think about electricity production and to understand their priorities in the future. Almost 500 high school-age students participated in the different engagement methodologies, and analysis of collected data highlighted key priorities, trends, and opportunities. Additionally, a lesson plan and strategy were developed to enable long-term engagement with youth beyond the scope of this study.
Findings were delivered to the Utilities Policy Advisory Committee as a component of a comprehensive planning process. Results were subsequently used to support the weighing of different factors (cost, environmental impact, reliability, innovation etc.) in scenario planning, and also to support the ultimate adoption of a planned energy portfolio that will reduce carbon emissions from electricity generation by 90% by 2050.


text:
The "fall" of a sewer pipe is defined as the vertical distance by which one end (or one end of a section) of the pipe drops relative to the other. It can be expressed as a percentage when divided by the length of the pipe. This is the pipe's slope, or gradient. The two terms are typically used interchangeably on construction sites, which can cause some confusion. Working out this percentage is quite easy mathematically, but requires a bit of work to get the numbers necessary.
Dig down to the sewer pipe at either end of the section whose percentage fall you wish to measure.
Establish a baseline height to measure from. The easiest way to do this is to hammer wooden stakes into the ground at either end of the pipe, then tie a string, and make it taut, between them. Set a string level on the string, then hammer the stakes in until the level's bubble shows that the string is perfectly level.
Measure the distance from the top of each end of the pipe to the string above it. Subtract the smaller distance from the larger one. This is the vertical fall of the pipe.
Measure the length of the pipe.
Divide the pipe's vertical fall by the length of the pipe, then multiply the result by 100 to find the percentage. The fall and length need to be in the same units (feet or inches) for this to work. For example, if the pipe fell by 30 cm (1 foot) and was 15 m (50 feet) long, you divide 30 by 1500 to get 0.02. Multiplied by 100, that becomes 2 per cent, which is your slope or gradient.


text:
Tap water clean enough to treat wounds
Medical workers in disaster areas no longer have to wait for sterile equipment before they clean and dress wounds, thanks to Australian research.
Professor Rhonda Griffiths, of the University of Western Sydney's Centre for Applied Nursing, says as long as water is good enough to drink, evidence suggests it will be good enough to clean uninfected wounds.
"We've demonstrated that some of the traditional ways of doing dressings are unnecessarily expensive and labour intensive," says Griffiths.
She adds that if there is any doubt that the tap water is suitable for drinking, it can be boiled before use.
Griffiths and colleagues recently completed a systematic review of evidence for the Cochrane Collaboration comparing the use of saline versus tap water to clean uninfected wounds.
The review found that washing wounds, including leg ulcers, with water did not show an increase in infection or decrease in healing time, compared to using saline, she says.
As a result, the Cochrane Collaboration is now recommending tap water is used to clean wounds in developing countries and disaster zones, says Griffiths.
In the community
Community nurses, who treat people at home, first triggered the investigation into the use of tap water to clean wounds, says Griffiths.
While hospitals routinely use saline or sterilised water to clean uninfected wounds, community nurses have traditionally relied on people to simply shower before they dress their wounds.
"So in hospitals you had one practice," says Griffiths. "And the community had another."
Both practices were based on tradition rather than evidence, she says.
One of the studies included in Griffiths' Cochrane review was carried out by her team.
It was a six-week double blind, randomised controlled trial in southwestern Sydney that studied the healing and infection rate in 49 wounds of 35 patients washed with saline, compared with equivalent patients who were washed with tap water.
"We found that there was no difference," she says.
"That tells us that if you have got clean tap water that you can drink, it is perfectly safe to wash wounds with that tap water if those wounds aren't infected."
Griffith says the research is changing the way we think about managing some types of wounds.
"It's the cleanliness rather than the sterility [that's important]," she says.
Better for patients and cheaper
Griffiths says washing wounds with tap water would save money in hospitals, especially the cost of the disposable sterile equipment that is required when using saline.
Patients also prefer washing with water, she says, because they can get out of bed and take a shower.
While tap water may be safe and effective, Griffiths still wants to confirm the findings and find out if saline offers any advantages by carrying out a much larger randomised controlled trial.
She has applied for funding from the National Health and Medical Research Council to carry out a trial involving 400 wounds.


Definitions for MAINmeɪn, maɪn
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word MAIN
Random House Webster's College Dictionary
 1. chief in size, extent, or importance; principal; leading.
 2. syntactically independent.
 Category: Grammar
 3. pertaining to or connected to a mainmast or mainsail.
 Category: Nautical
 4. sheer; utmost:
 by main strength.
 5. Obs. of or pertaining to a broad expanse:
 main sea.
 6. (n.)a principal pipe or duct in a system used to distribute water, gas, etc.
 Category: Civil Engineering
 7. physical strength or force:
 might and main.
 8. the chief part or point:
 in the main, a good plan.
 9. the open ocean:
 the bounding main.
 10. Ref: mainland. 1
Origin of main:
bef. 900; ME meyn, strength, power, OE mægen, der. of the Gmc v. base *mag-may1;
Mainmeɪn, maɪn(n.)
 1. a river in central Germany, flowing W from N Bavaria into the Rhine at Mainz. 305 mi. (490 km) long.
 Category: Geography (places)
Princeton's WordNet
 1. main, briny(noun)
 any very large body of (salt) water
 2. main(adj)
 3. chief(a), main(a), primary(a), principal(a), master(a)(adj)
 most important element
 4. independent, main(a)(adj)
 "the main (or independent) clause in a complex sentence has at least a subject and a verb"
 5. main(a)(adj)
 of force; of the greatest possible intensity
 "by main strength"
Kernerman English Learner's Dictionary
 1. main(adjective)ɪn, maɪn
 most important or most used
 the main highway into the city; his main source of income; the main reason for doing sth
 2. mainɪn, maɪn
 indicates what is important
 The main thing is that we can prevent it from happening again.
 3. main(noun)ɪn, maɪn
 a large pipe for water or gas
 a burst water main
 1. Main(ProperNoun)
 A river in southern Germany, flowing from Bavaria to the Rhine.
 2. Origin: From mægen, later also taking senses from the adjective.
Webster Dictionary
 1. Main(noun)
 a hand or match at dice
 2. Main(noun)
 a stake played for at dice
 3. Main(noun)
 4. Main(noun)
 a match at cockfighting
 5. Main(noun)
 a main-hamper
 6. Main
 strength; force; might; violent effort
 7. Main
 the chief or principal part; the main or most important thing
 8. Main
 9. Main
 the continent, as distinguished from an island; the mainland
 10. Main
 11. Main(adj)
 very or extremely strong
 12. Main(adj)
 vast; huge
 13. Main(adj)
 unqualified; absolute; entire; sheer
 14. Main(adj)
 principal; chief; first in size, rank, importance, etc
 15. Main(adj)
 important; necessary
 16. Main(adj)
 very; extremely; as, main heavy
 1. Main
 The Main is a river in Germany, with a length of 527 km the most significant right tributary of the Rhine.
British National Corpus
 1. Spoken Corpus Frequency
 Rank popularity for the word 'MAIN' in Spoken Corpus Frequency: #342
 2. Written Corpus Frequency
 Rank popularity for the word 'MAIN' in Written Corpus Frequency: #635
 3. Adjectives Frequency
 Rank popularity for the word 'MAIN' in Adjectives Frequency: #32
Translations for MAIN
Kernerman English Multilingual Dictionary
chief, principal or most important
the main purpose; the main character in the story.
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text: As the Crossroads of the Pacific, Hawaii played a vital role in the development of both commercial and military air travel. The first flight in Hawaii occurred on December 31, 1910. It captured the imagination and hearts of residents who dreamed of traveling by air between islands and the Mainland, Asia and Australia.On this site you'll find the incredible story of the first trans-Pacific flight by Navy Commander John Rodgers in 1925. Inter-Island Airways made its first commercial interisland flight in 1929, and Pan American Airways entered the trans-Pacific market in 1935. You'll find hundreds of historical documents and publications, and the complete book Above the Pacific written by the late William J. Horvat and originally published in 1966. This website features more than 4,000 photos.


Adam (given name)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 (Redirected from Adam (name))
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God2-Sistine Chapel.png
Michelangelo's Creation of Adam, from the Sistine Chapel ceiling. The personal name Adam is derivation from Hebrew meaning the ground, from which God created Adam as stated in the Bible
Pronunciation /ˈædəm/
Gender Male
Language(s) Hebrew in Canaan or Mesopotamia; Fertile Crescent
Meaning Comes from the Hebrew word "adama", which means "earth" or "soil"
Other names
See also Adan, Adem
Adam is a common masculine given name.
The personal name Adam derives from the Hebrew noun ha adamah meaning "the ground" or "earth". It is still a Hebrew given name, and its Quranic and Biblical usage has ensured that it is also a common name in all countries which draw on these traditions. It is particularly common in Scotland. In most languages its spelling is the same, although the pronunciation varies somewhat. Adán is the Spanish form of this name.
Adam is also a surname in many countries, although it is not as common in English as its derivative Adams (sometimes spelled Addams). In other languages there are similar surnames derived from Adam, such as Adamo, Adamov, Adamowicz, Adamski etc.
In Arabic, Adam (آدم) means "made from the earth/mud/clay".
People with the given name Adam[edit]
Fictional characters[edit]
See also[edit]


text:
There have been many ideas about what the word "Spam" means. The Hormel Foods Corporation once said that it means "Shoulder of Pork and Ham"[source?], but in some dictionaries "Spam" means "spiced ham". Members of staff at the SPAM museum say it stands for Specially Produced American Meat. In 2019, Spam began making advertisements containing the definition "Sizzle Pork And Mmmm".
Spam was used a lot in World War II, as there wasn't proper meat. Because of that, spam was used as a rationed item.
Jokes about Spam[change | change source]
- The British comedy group Monty Python created a short play about Spam in 1970. In it, a lady who does not like Spam is talking to a waitress in a restaurant when a bunch of Vikings cut their conversation by singing the word "Spam" over and over again. The lady does not like what is happening and eventually the word "Spam" became widely used to mean unwanted email messages.
- There is also a song called Spam. It was sung by Weird Al Yankovic and first recorded in 1988.


text:
Hang down your head Tom Dooley
Hang down your head and cry
Hang down your head Tom Dooley
Poor boy, you're bound to die.
It's the most famous murder ballad in American folk music history. And chances are, if you know it, you know the version popularized by the Kingston Trio. Their recording of the song became a major commercial hit in 1958, selling over 6,000,000 copies. That hit single spawned a movie and helped spark the folk music revival of the 1960s. How did the song make its way to the Kingston Trio? Therein hangs a tale.
May 1st marked the 144th anniversary of the criminal execution of North Carolinian ex-Confederate soldier Tom Dula. Not Tom Dooley? Think of the written word opera pronounced opry, as in Grand Ole Opry. Standard regional southern Appalachian pronunciation at work. So the Kingston Trio simply transcribed the name as it sounded to them.
Dula was hanged for the murder of his lover Laura Foster. The two lived in the North Wilkesboro, NC area. Tom Dula was a wild young buck, running around with two or three women at the same time. Foster, according to the ballad, gave him syphilis. He inadvertently passed it on to Foster's first cousin, Mrs. Ann Melton. A third woman, a Pauline Foster, was in the background as well at the time.
Both Laura and Ann were pregnant by Dula. When Mrs. Melton realized that her longtime affair would be exposed by the pregnancy, that the baby's health was seriously endangered, and that her own health had been compromised, all to her way of thinking because of Foster, she insisted that they—Dula and she—murder Laura Foster in vengeance.
As revealed in the case's court records, early one morning in 1866, Laura Foster took her best clothes and her father's horse and left for her rendezvous with Dula, who had supposedly gone to meet the justice of the peace so they could be married. Laura disappeared and Tom Dula fled Wilkes County.
The earliest known recorded version of the song was laid down on October 1, 1929 by GB Grayson & Henry Whitter. Whitter and Grayson met at a fiddlers' convention in Mountain City, TN in 1927. They teamed up, and by autumn of that year, Whitter had gotten them two record deals. They recorded eight songs for the Gennet label and six for Victor, among them 'Tom Dula.' Grayson & Whitter's recording of 'Tom Dula' is especially significant, since it was Grayson's uncle that tracked Dula in 1866.
The ballad of Tom Dooley tells us that Dula, fleeing the murder scene, was captured before he got to Tennessee by a sheriff named Grayson. Actually, Dula made it over the state line and worked for a week in Trade, TN, at the farm of Col. James Grayson, a member of the Tennessee legislature, in order to make enough money to buy a new pair of boots and continue his journey.
Dula was captured in Tennessee around July 11 by two North Carolina deputies, with the help of Colonel Grayson, and brought back to the Wilkesboro, NC, jail.
Folk music historians Anne & Frank Warner collected the song in 1938 in Beech Mountain, NC from a local banjo player and singer named Frank Profitt Sr. Frank's grandmother, Adeline Perdue, lived in Wilkes County and knew both Tom Dula and Laura Foster. Alan Lomax, of Library of Congress collecting fame, learned it from the Warners and sang it all over the country and on his radio shows. He went on to publish it in his book "Folk Song USA," and it's THAT version that came to the attention of the Kingston Trio.
In 1962, a settlement was reached with the Kingston Trio that divided any subsequent royalties between Frank Profitt, Frank Warner and Alan Lomax.
The song lives on even today. Bobby McMillon, whose ballad singing was featured in the film 'Songcatcher' and who is the youngest recipient of the North Carolina Folk Heritage Award, performs it regularly. He went to school with relatives of Tom Dula.
Jeff and Gerret Warner, sons of Anne and Frank Warner, are continuing their parents' legacy. Jeff researched and edited for his mother's book "Traditional American Folk Songs." Gerret assembled and prepared its photographs, taken by their parents. The sons organized their parents' notes, manuscripts and photographs, which now form the Frank and Anne Warner Collection at Duke University.
Special thanks to Rosalie Friend for setting me on the right path with this story!


text:
Summary: Under certain conditions a user who accesses a workbook as a Guest user can view data as the publisher of the data.
Vulnerable Versions: Tableau Server 9.0.0 (through 9.0.2)
Conditions: The issue affects Tableau Server when all of the following conditions are true:
- A user has viewed a workbook that includes embedded credentials for the data source.
- The user who published the workbook has permission to view the data.
- The workbook includes user filters or calculations.
- The Guest user is enabled.
Impact: A user who accesses the workbook on Tableau Server as a Guest user can potentially see data that should not be visible to that user.
Resolution: The issue can be fixed by upgrading to the following Tableau Server versions:
Tableau Server 9.0.3
Work around: In the meantime, disable Guest access.
- CVSS v2.0 Base Score: 4.3
- CVSS v2.0 Vector: AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:NFor more information about vectors, see CVSS v2 Vector Definitions on the National Vulnerability Database site.


text:
InnoDB and XtraDB use a special feature called the doublewrite buffer to provide a strong guarantee against data corruption. The idea is to write the data to a sequential log in the main tablespace before writing to the data files. If a partial page write happens (in other words, a corrupted write), InnoDB and XtraDB will use the buffer to recover the data. Even if the data is written twice the performance impact is usually small, but in some heavy workloads the doublewrite buffer becomes a bottleneck. Now we have an option to put the buffer on a dedicated disk in order to parallelize I/O activity on the buffer and on the tablespace.
This feature allows you to move the doublewrite buffer from the main tablespace to a separate location.
This option is for advanced users only. See the discussion below to fully understand whether you really need to use it.
The following discussion will clarify the improvements made possible by this feature.
InnoDB and XtraDB use many structures, some on disk and others in memory, to manage data as efficiently as possible. To have an overview of the different components see this post. Let's now focus on the doublewrite buffer.
InnoDB / XtraDB uses a reserved area in its main tablespace, called the doublewrite buffer, to prevent data corruption that could occur with partial page writes. When the data in the buffer pool is flushed to disk, InnoDB / XtraDB will flush whole pages at a time (by default 16KB pages) and not just the records that have changed within a page. It means that, if anything unexpected happens during the write, the page can be partially written leading to corrupt data.
With the doublewrite buffer feature, InnoDB / XtraDB first writes the page in the doublewrite buffer and then to the data files.
If a partial page write occurs in the data files, InnoDB / XtraDB will check on recovery if the checksum of the page in the data file is different from the checksum of the page in the doublewrite buffer and thus will know if the page is corrupt or not. If it is corrupt, the recovery process will use the page stored in the doublewrite buffer to restore the correct data.
If a partial write occurs in the doublewrite buffer, the original page is untouched and can be used with the redo logs to recover the data.
In usual workloads the performance impact is low-5% or so. As a consequence, you should always enable the doublewrite buffer because the strong guarantee against data corruption is worth the small performance drop.
But if you experience a heavy workload, especially if your data does not fit in the buffer pool, the writes in the doublewrite buffer will compete against the random reads to access the disk. In this case, you can see a sharp performance drop compared to the same workload without the doublewrite buffer-a 30% performance degradation is not uncommon.
Another case when you can see a big performance impact is when the doublewrite buffer is full. Then new writes must wait until entries in the doublewrite buffer are freed.
In a standard InnoDB / XtraDB installation, the doublewrite buffer is located in the main tablespace (whether you activate the
innodb_file_per_table or not) and you have no option to control anything about it.
The feature adds an option (
innodb_doublewrite_file) to have a dedicated location for the doublewrite buffer.
Basically if you want to improve the I/O activity, you will put the doublewrite buffer on a different disk. But is it better on an SSD or a more traditional HDD? First you should note that pages are written in a circular fashion in the doublewrite buffer and only read on recovery. So the doublewrite buffer performs mostly sequential writes and a few sequential reads. Second HDDs are very good at sequential write if a write cache is enabled, which is not the case of SSDs. Therefore you should choose a fast HDD if you want to see performance benefits from this option. For instance, you could place the redo logs (also written in a sequential way) and the doublewrite buffer on the same disk.
The following system variable was introduced.
Use this option to create a dedicated tablespace for the doublewrite buffer.
This option expects a filename which can be specified either with an absolute or a relative path. A relative path is relative to the data directory.
For general inquiries, please send us your question and someone will contact you.


text:
Ethical imagination and design.
Design Studies, 30(2)
(Click here to request a copy from the OU Author.
Using transcripts of both architectural and engineering design meetings this chapter shows how the fields of ethics and design inter-relate, especially in the area of creative imagination. The chapter first draws on the concept of a 'virtual building' to show how essential aspects of designerly thinking can apply to ethics. It then goes on to show how, in the process of designing, designers engage explicitly and implicitly with ethical issues. The chapter discusses four extended examples from two design processes – one involving the design of a crematorium the other involving the design of a digital pen – before suggesting that by addressing ethical subjects without framing them in explicitly ethical ways, the design process allows us to 'imaginatively trace out the implications of our metaphors, prototypes and narratives' a key element of ethical decision-making according to the philosopher Mark Johnson.
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text:
Uncle Bob's Bowling Game Kata
August 11, 2009
Someone mentioned Uncle Bob's Bowling Game Kata to me a few days ago; it is apparently famous as a tutorial on object-oriented programming and test-driven development, though I had never heard of either Uncle Bob or his Bowling Game Kata.
A game of tenpins bowling lasts ten frames, in each of which the bowler makes one or two attempts to knock down ten pins arranged in a triangle. If the bowler knocks down all ten pins on the first attempt (that's called a "strike"), he scores ten pins plus the number of pins knocked down on his next two rolls. If the bowler knocks down all ten pins after two attempts (that's called a "spare"), he scores ten pins plus the number of pins knocked down on his next roll. If the bowler fails to knock down all ten pins (that's called an "open frame"), he scores the number of pins he knocked down. The scores accumulate through all ten frames. At the last frame, if necessary, the pins are reset for one or two additional rolls to count the final bonus. The sample scoresheet below shows how the calculations work:
For instance, the score in the second frame is 9, the sum of the two balls in the open frame. The score in the third frame is 15, which is 10 for the spare plus 5 on the next ball. The score in the ninth frame is 20, which is 10 for the strike plus 10 for the spare on the first two balls of the tenth frame. The score in the tenth frame is 16, which is 10 for the spare plus 6 for the extra ball, which is a bonus ball not really part of any frame (the two balls of the tenth frame have already been rolled).
Your task is to write a function that calculates the score of a tenpins bowling game. When you are finished, you are welcome to read or run a suggested solution, or to post your solution or discuss the exercise in the comments below.
Pages: 1 2


text:
Today we are publishing the answers of NYT Spelling Bee December 2 2021 puzzle.
This Thursday's spelling bee puzzle was built by Sam Ezersky. As always there are 7 letters and here the center letter is the letter N.
A H M are the letters on the bottom and O P T are the letters on the top which form the honeycomb shape. There are a total of 25 possible answers and we have listed them below sorted from the shortest (4 letters) length to the longest (9 letters):
All Spelling Bee Words you can form:
For more Spelling Bee Answers open the prev link, as we publish answers each day.


text:
Updated: November 17, 2011
A land use plan for the Great Western Woodlands – stage 1 scoping study complete
A report has been produced for use by the 'Woodlands Initiative' to scope out a land use planning process for the Great Western Woodlands.
The Great Western Woodlands is the largest remaining intact temperate woodland on Earth. It is also home to around 40,000 people, has at least 350 mines, thousands of exploration tenements and is under increasing pressure from the mining boom and a growing tourism industry.
Managing this pressure together with conservation means considering a really wide range of stakeholders in any management plan.
The report produced by Ironbark Environmental to scope out a land use plan, is based on the views and preferences of those that have financial, environmental, social, or cultural interests in the land represented on the 'Woodlands Initiative' community group.
This group was convened for broad community involvement in determining the future of the Great Western Woodlands and is independent of the ministerially appointed stakeholder reference group. The Wilderness Society is a member of this community group representing the interests of conservation.
The Woodlands Initiative has advantages over the ministerially appointed stakeholder reference group in that it is not constrained by a timeline or a strict budget, and can remain politically neutral. This allows them to focus on the long term management needed to keep the Woodlands healthy.
The independent assessment by Ironbark found moderate to high level stakeholder support for the adoption of a landuse plan over the Great Western Woodlands. They found that a plan would:
- Provide an overarching management structure
- Enable greater support for collaborative initiatives involving a diversity of stakeholders
- Provide all stakeholders with the confidence of participating in a process that recognises a broad range of values and uses
The report recommends a three phased approach to any development of a land use plan and provides recommended next steps for the group to consider.
Download the summary report here (pdf 2.1 mb).
For more information, please contact:
The Wilderness Society WA Inc GWW
City West Lotteries House
2 Delhi St
West Perth, WA, 6005
Phone: 08 6460 4936


text:
File(s) not publicly available
Simulation of fluid velocity distribution inside the condenser waterbox of a power plant
conference contributionposted on 2017-12-06, 00:00 authored by L Brown, B Hayden, Mohammad RasulMohammad Rasul
The cleaning of heat exchanging units is of a major concern for steam power plant. It has been proposed by the plant authority to install an on-line cleaning system at Callide Power Station located near Biloela, Queensland, Australia, on the steam condensing electrical generation units. The condenser is fitted with a waterbox to distribute the cooling water internally throughout. The cleaning system may incorporate the cycling of sponge balls throughout the cooling water circuit of the condenser, which through their abrasive action remove fouling. To predict the potential effectiveness of this cleaning system, it is important to determine the distribution of balls, i.e. the distribution of fluid velocity throughout the condenser tube systems is uniform and even. A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model is developed in this study in order to simulate and evaluate the fluid velocity distribution inside the condenser waterbox. The simulation results are presented and discussed, so that plant authority can realize the implementation of this cleaning system.
Category 1 - Australian Competitive Grants (this includes ARC, NHMRC)
Number of Pages11
Place of PublicationSydney, Australia
Full Text URL


Computers & Engineering Software & Consulting
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GASWorkS uses a Newton-Nodal, iterative method of solution. It supports a number of flow equations including the AGATurbulent, Colebrook, IGT-Improved, Mueller High and Low-Pressure, Oliphant, Panhandle-A, Panhandle-B, Pole LowPressure, Spitzglass High and Low-Pressure, and Weymouth equations.
The solution routine allows the flowing temperature to be calculated based on environmental heat loss and gain. Gas properties at a specific location, including specific gravity, viscosity, ratio of specific heats, and heating value, can be calculated based on the gas composition. Mixed gas properties throughout the system can be calculated based on the flow distribution. Compressibility can be calculated using one of several methods, including the latest revision of AGA 8.


WEBfactory 2010
User Manager
Creating a User Manager Visualization and deploy it to IIS
Creating a User Manager Visualization using SmartEditor/Blend
The objective of this tutorial is to create a User Manager visualization using SmartEditor (See WEBfactorySmartEditor User Interface) and build it. Expression Blend or Visual Studio can be used too for achieving the same result.
The visualization will contain three WEBfactory controls:
 - a Login control (for authentication)
 - a Language selector control (for selecting the display language)
 - a User manager control (See WEBfactory User Manager for more details about User Manager)
The first step in developing a visualization is creating the project (SmartEditor/Expression Blend):
 1. in WEBfactory Smart Editor create a new project and name it DemoVisualization
 Creating a new project in SmartEditor
 2. In Expression Blend, it is necessary to create a new WEBfactory Silverlight Application + Website. Reference all the WEBfactory libraries after creating the project (right-click on References, select Add Reference and navigate to the Silverlight/Standard folder in the WEBfactory installation directory; select all the dll files and add them as references).
 Creating a visualization in Expression Blend
 3. Once the project is created, select the Page and resize it to 1024x576. This way the controls will have enough space to display properly, without being too clustered.
 4. To resize the Page in SmartEditor, go in the Property Inspector, in the Appearance category and select the desired size from the drop-down menu.
 Resize a page in SmartEditor
 5. to resize the page in Expression Blend, select the User Control from the Objects and Timeline panel, and set the desired size from the Layout category in the Properties panel.
 Resize a page in Expression Blend
 6. Next, drag the following controls on the page and arrange them to fit properly
 7. in SmartEditor, drag the controls from the Toolbox
 - User Login Dialog (from Security category);
 - Language Selector (from Language category);
 - WFUserManager (from User Management category).
 8. In Expression Blend, use the Assets button to search for the controls
 - WFUserLogin1
 - WFLanguage
 - WFUserManager
 Adding controls in Expression Blend
 The resulting layout should look like this:
 The layout of the visualization
 9. Build the project by clicking the Run button in the Ribbon (or F5) in SmartEditor, or Project > Build Project (F6) in Expression Blend.
 10. In the web browser, select the desired language and log in to gain access to the User Manager.
If the visualization is not deployed to IIS and set up, the "Error while loading the records!" error will pop up while loading the User Manager.
To use the User Manager visualization properly, it is necessary to deploy it in IIS.
Creating a User Manager Visualization using Visual Studio
This tutorial will describe the steps needed to use the User Manager control in a Visual Studio project. The process of developing a Visual Studio visualization project containing the User Manager control are:
Creating and setting up the Visual Studio project
 1. Create a new Silverlight Application project in Visual Studio and name it UserManagerVS.
 Creating a the new project in Visual Studio
 The WEBfactory Silverlight libraries need to be referenced in the project.
 2. Right click on References under the UserManagerVS project in the Solution Explorer and select add reference.
 Referencing the WEBfactory Silverlight libraries
 3. In the Add Reference window select the Browse tab and navigate to C:/Program Files/WEBfactory 2010 /Silverlight/Standard (or C:/Program Files (x86)/WEBfactory 2010 /Silverlight/Standard if using a 64 bit system).
 Select all the dll files in the Standard folder and click Ok to confirm. The process might take up to few minutes.
 We also need to reference some dll files to the web application part of the project. This dll files are necessary only for User Manager, because the User Manager needs to use the RIA services in order to work.
 4. Right-click on the References under the UserManagerVS.Web and select Add Reference.... The dll files we need to reference are located in the installation folder of WEBfactory 2010 \Studio\UserManager\bin\. Navigate to this location and reference the dll files from that folder.
 References needed for the UserManagerVS.Web application
 After the referencing is done, head into the MainPage.xaml (it should be opened by default). The page size is too small to be used with the User Manager control. The next step is expanding the MainPage surface.
 5. In MainPage XAML code, change the d:DesignHeight and d:DesignWidth values to 600 and 1000 (the default values are 400 and 600). The results can be instantly seen in the Design view of the MainPage.
 Now the project is prepared, so we will head on to the next step.
Placing the User Manager and User Login controls in XAML
In the XAML view of the MainPage, we need to insert the control. The code source will be taken from the libraries we referenced earlier.
 1. First, we need to declare the necessary namespaces in the XAML code. Add the following lines in the XAML code of the MainPage, inside the UserControl tag:
 This namespaces will add the WFUserManagement and WFGeneral assemblies to the project.
 The actual User Manager control needs to be added in the XAML Grid. In order to do so, we need to expand the Grid to the dimensions of the layout.
 2. Add the following properties to the Grid:
 - Width="1000"
 - Height="600"
 3. Inside the Grid tags, place the User Manager control:

 The result can be instantly seen in the design view.
 Notice the Margin properties we defined from the start inside the User Manager control. This margins are needed to define the placement and make room for another necessary control: the User Login control.
 The User Manager cannot work without logging in.
 4. Next, add the User Login control:

 By default, the User Manager language is German. In order to change the language to English, we will need a third control, the Language Selector control. This is an optional step.
 In order to add the Language Selector control, insert the following code after the User Login control:

 The XAML code should look like this:
 The complete XAML code
 All the positioning options (margins, alignments) or size options can be modified based on the developers needs. The values in this tutorial are example values.
 Before building the application, we will need to edit the Web.config file of our UserManagerVS.Web application.
 Earlier we had referenced dll files required by the UserManagerVS.Web application. Now we need to enable the services referenced.
 The web configuration for the web application
 The Web.config contents
 We need to add the code necessary to enable the RIA services:
 - inside the tag, before tag:
 - inside the tags:
 - after the tags:

 The Web.config file will have the following contents:
 New Web.config contents
 5. Press F6 to build the application or F5 to start the debugging and see the result in the browser (a username and password must be provided to log in to User Manager).
 The resulting visualization containing the User Manager control, User Login control and the Language Selector control
 If the Language Selector was inserted, it will appear nest to the User Login button.
Deploying the User Manager Visualization in ISS
In order to have access to the visualization using a web browser (Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, Safari, Opera), the visualization must be deployed in IIS.
 1. Once the User Manager visualization is build, we need to make the IIS deployment. In order to do that, we need to copy the built project in the wwwroot folder of IIS.
 2. Navigate to C:\Users\UserName\Documents\WEBfactory 2010 Projects and copy the folder DemoVisualization.Web to C:\inetpub\wwwroot.
 The Expression Blend project is located in C:\Users\UserName\Documents\Expression\Blend 4\Projects\ProjectName and it is called ProjectNameSite.
 The Visual Studio project is located in C:\Users\UserName\Documents\Visual Studio 2010\Projects\ProjectName.
 The wwwroot folder
 3. After the project is copied to the wwwroot folder, delete the following files/folders:
 - For projects - delete the Build folder inside the ProjectName.Web project folder.
 - For Visual Studio


What is Healthy Congregations?
Healthy Congregations, Inc. is an ecumenical, not for profit educational and consulting agency which focuses on providing resources for training in understanding emotional process in communities of faith, families and organizations.
Isn't it a program for Christians?
Initially begun as a project based on Peter Steinke's book How Your Church Family Works, this series of six workshops has transformed congregations (including UU) and synagogues all over the country by helping them understand and respond faithfully to emotional process in their communities of faith, their families and other organizations. UU District Executives Connie Goodbread and the Rev. Dr. Richard Speck have adapted the materials for our use in order to be compatible with Unitarian Universalist theologies, which is called "Smart Church."
Who should take Healthy Congregations Training?
Your Central East Regional Group (CERG) staff recommends that every congregation send its leaders to a Healthy Congregations series of trainings. We are committed to offering this program in various geographic locations by certified facilitators on a regular basis so that your congregation can send new leaders every two or three years.
What will our leaders learn if they take this training?
 1. Accept differences
 2. Focus on mission rather than getting along, the past or survival.
 3. Focus on strengths
 4. Respond to anxiety and change
 5. Respond to conflict
 6. Act flexibly and creatively
 7. Leaders promote congregational health through presence and functioning rather than technique, skill or program
 8. Challenge people rather than comfort
 9. Leaders provide immune capacities rather than encouraging disease processes
 10. People respond graciously and truthfully
 11. People develop caring relationships rather than willful transactions
 12. People empower others rather than dominate or cure
 13. Recognize the interdependent web of life, rather than looking at isolated parts
 14. Practice stewardship gratefully and willingly
 15. Combine money and a faithful life
 16. Share lives rather than thinking only of self
 17. Hospitality is offered for all
 18. Beginning again is a way of life
This seems like a lot of time and expense. Is it worth it?
This kind of training offers a depth that will enable your leaders to help shift the culture of your congregation. The first couple of workshops provide an overview of the concepts, then the rest of the workshops will enable your leaders to go deeper into how systems thinking will help you in various parts of congregational life, providing a foundation for real and lasting change.
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Small tip: use QueueBackgroundWorkItem for asynchronous work in ASP.NET
This is a small tip that I'm mainly publishing as a reminder to myself, but it could come in handy for someone else. Background processing tasks in ASP.NET are hard. At any time IIS could decide to recycle the application lifecycle. The usual solution is to farm out these tasks to a (Azure) queue and let some other machine (for example an Azure worker role) process that queue. However, with ASP.NET 4.5.2 Microsoft introduced the QueueBackgroundWorkItem method. This makes it possible to create small background processing tasks within the application lifecycle context. See the following (extremely simple) example:
 - Caveats: A task started this way will only delay the recycling of the app pool for 30 seconds. So you need to complete your work within those 30 seconds. If not, the task will be killed.
 - You need ASP.NET 4.5.2.
See for more detail the following links:
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text:
Scrabble word: OVERRUN
In which Scrabble dictionary does OVERRUN exist?
Definitions of OVERRUN in dictionaries:
- noun - too much production or more than expected
- verb - invade in great numbers
- verb - occupy in large numbers or live on a host
- verb - flow or run over (a limit or brim)
- verb - seize the position of and defeat
- verb - run beyond or past
- To seize the positions of and defeat conclusively: The position of the forward infantry was overrun by large numbers of enemy troops at dawn.
- To spread or swarm over destructively: Locusts overran the prairie.
- To spread swiftly throughout: The new fashion overran the country.
- To overflow: The river overran its banks.
- To run beyond or past; overshoot: The plane overran the end of the runway.
- To run or extend beyond a limit set by; exceed: Your speech has overrun the time limit.
- To rearrange or move (set type or pictures) from one column, line, or page to another.
- To set too much type for.
- To print (a job order) in a quantity larger than that ordered.
- To run over; overflow.
- To go beyond the normal or desired limit.
- An act of overrunning.
- The amount by which something overruns.
- The exceeding of estimated costs for product development and manufacture covered by contract.
- The amount by which actual costs exceed estimates.
- A run over and above the quantity ordered by a customer.
- verb - to spread or swarm over
There are 7 letters in OVERRUN: E N O R R U V
Scrabble words that can be created with an extra letter added to OVERRUN
All anagrams that could be made from letters of word OVERRUN plus a wildcard: OVERRUN?
Scrabble words that can be created with letters from word OVERRUN
Images for OVERRUN
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text:
Oldest Potted Plant's Deep Roots Go Back to 1775
This Eastern Cape giant cycad was brought to the Kew Botanical Gardens in 1775.
CREDIT: RBG Kew
The potted Eastern Cape giant cycad that resides in the U.K.'s Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, has lived through the French Revolution, the invention of the steam engine, both World Wars and man's first walk on the moon, which may have earned it the title of the oldest potted plant in the world.
The Eastern Cape giant cycad (Encephalartos altensteinii) is unique to South Africa. It is a medium-to-large plant with stems that extend up to 16 feet (5 meters) long and are usually 14 inches (35 centimeters) in diameter.
These plants can survive long enough to live to 2,500 years of age. Today, they are rare in the wild and are protected by law.
Kew's plant, which was initially planted at ground level, measures about 14 feet (4.2 m) from the base of its stem to the growing point. This means that the cycad has grown around 1 inch (2.5 cm) every year since it was originally potted in the 18th century.
Kew's first plant collector, Francis Masson, brought the giant cycad back from the Eastern Cape region of South Africa in 1775. It was one of the first plants to be moved to the Palm House when it opened in 1848.
In 1819, the plant produced its first, and last, cone. Regardless, the plant has survived a lot, including some 30 high explosives that fell on Kew during World War II.
In 2009, the year of the Gardens' 250th anniversary, Kew repotted the plant in a specially built box. The transfer took three months of planning as the plant weighs more than a ton.
MORE FROM LiveScience.com


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What do moons on your fingernails mean?
Moons on your fingernails are located at the base of your fingernails, closest to your fingers. They are the lighter half moon shaped growth under your nails. In palmistry, overly large moons can mean an overactive thyroid and high blood pressure. Small or no moons are thought to predict an underactive thyroid and low blood pressure. Scientists have found that a lack of a fingernail moon may indicated you are low in Vitamin B-12 or in iodine which feeds the thyroid. Vitamin B-12 deficiency has been linked with lack of energy, depression, and loss of coordination and memory, among other things. Iodine deficiency has been linked with breast cancer. One palmistry specialist determined there is a link between small moons and carbon monoxide exposure.


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Fort Chambly is located at the edge of the Richelieu River, at the foot of the Chambly rapids. Built in 1711, this imposing stone fortification protected New France from a potential British invasion.
During the War of 1812, the British Army built an important military complex on the site. The fort has resisted the upheavals of history and remains a valued reminder of the French presence in North America.
Restored by Parks Canada, Fort Chambly now houses exhibitions showcasing key moments in the history of New France.
A Fort at the Foot of the Rapids
Watch the video in the Multimedia Gallery


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Excel LARGE Function (Example + Video)
When to use Excel LARGE Function
Excel LARGE function can be used to get the Kth largest value from a range of cells or array. For example, you can get the 3rd largest value from a range of cells.
What it Returns
It returns the value which is the Kth largest value from a range of cells.
- array – the array or range of cells from which you want to fetch the kth largest value.
- k – the rank or position (from the top) of number that you want to fetch.
- If array is empty, LARGE returns the _TAG_! error value.
- If k ≤ 0 or if k is greater than the number of data points, LARGE returns the _TAG_! error value.
- If n is the number of data points in a range, then LARGE(array,1) returns the largest value, and LARGE(array,n) returns the smallest value.
Examples – Excel LARGE Function
Here are six example of using Excel LARGE Function:
#1 Getting the largest value from a list
If you have a list of numbers (A2:A4) and you want to get the largest number from the list, you can use the following LARGE function: =LARGE(A2:A4,1)
Here the Kth value is 1, which would return the largest number from the range of numbers.
#2 Getting the second largest value from a list
To get the second largest value from the list (A2:A4), use the following formula: =LARGE(A2:A4,2)
Since the Kth value in the formula is 2, it returns the second largest values from the range of numbers.
#3 Using LARGE function when there are blank cells in the range
If there are any blank cells in the range, it is ignored by the LARGE function.
For example, in the above example, while we take the range of cells as A2:A5, the blank cell is ignored by the LARGE function while returning the largest value from this list.
#4 Using LARGE function when there are cells with text
Similar to blank cells, Excel LARGE function also ignores cells with text, alphanumeric characters, special characters, and logical values.
#5 Using LARGE function when there are cells with duplicates
If there are duplicates in the range used in the LARGE function, it will treat those duplicates as consecutive values. In the above example, two cells have the value 7. Now when you use LARGE function to return the largest and second largest value, it returns 7 in both the cases.
#6 Using LARGE function when there is Error in the cells
If there is an error in any of the cells used in the LARGE function, it will return an error.
Excel LARGE Function – Video Tutorial
Related Excel Functions:


text:
I. HISTORY OF THE STAFFORD CABIN
The Stafford Cabin is a log and frame building located in Bonita Canyon, a small drainage from the west side of the Chiricahua Mountains into the dry but productive Sulphur Spring Valley in Cochise County, Arizona. The cabin is individually listed in the National Register of Historic Places (March 31, 1975) and is also contained in the Faraway Ranch Historic District (August 27, 1980), part of Chiricahua National Monument. It is managed by the Superintendent of the Monument.
Chiricahua National Monument, established in 1924 to protect the unique rock formations popularly known as the "Wonderland of Rocks" which adorn the upper reaches of this section of the mountains, is surrounded on three sides by the Coronado National Forest, and on the fourth, or west side, by Sulphur Spring Valley, most of which is privately owned.1
The 110-year-old homestead cabin and surrounding land became part of Chiricahua National Monument in December, 1968. The structure is a two-room log cabin with a stone fireplace and chimney, a shed-roofed "kitchenette" and bathroom addition, an open porch, and an attached garage. The cabin sits on a flat expanse of the canyon once occupied by an orchard, from which a few trees remain. Bonita Creek is located a short distance north of the cabin.
The history of the Stafford Cabin involves a number of facets, from a homestead claim during the Apache resistance to family life in a pioneer environment to its last decades as a guest cottage at a modestly popular dude ranch. Perhaps of foremost significance is the pioneer era, or the Stafford years, _PHONE_, a time when the earliest settlers appeared in the area and developed a ranching and agricultural legacy in the Sulphur Spring Valley. This document will hopefully shed new light on the significance of the Stafford Cabin in the history of the Southwest.
Last Updated: 25-Aug-2008


text:
noun (plural foreladies)North American • dated
- another term for forewoman.More example sentences
- The forelady of the jury was an African-American, who found the police officers to be entirely innocent.
- She'd long believed her forelady, Miss Henderson, disliked her.
- Usually, three section heads helped the head forelady supervise the whole packing or trimming procedure.
More definitions of foreladyDefinition of forelady in:
- The British & World English dictionary


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We use behavioural insights to design nudges leveraging social comparison and assignment of responsibility aimed at reducing electricity consumption in a large provincial government office building with 24 floors. Results from a randomized control trial show that floors participating in a treatment with inter-floor competitions and tips reduced energy consumption by 9%, while those that also included floor-wise 'energy advocates" reduced energy consumption by 14% over a period of 5 months.
Behavioral Economics: Underlying Principles
This paper analyses the impact of income inequality on public good provision in an experimental setting. A sample of secondary school students were recruited to participate in a simple linear public goods game where income heterogeneity was introduced by providing participants with unequal token endowments. The results show that endowment heterogeneity does not have any significant impact on contributions to the public good, and that consistent with models of reciprocity, low and high endowment players contribute the same fraction of their endowment to the public pool.


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Let X be a (finite dimensional) manifold. Consider smooth mapping space $$PX = C^\infty(I, X)$$ where I = [0,1] is the closed interval. Is this space paracompact? What if we fix a point x in X and consider the pointed path space, is this space paracompact?
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1 Answer 1
up vote 3 down vote accepted
What topology do you want on $C^\infty(I,X)$? One natural topology, the one of uniform convergence of all derivatives, is metrizable, so paracompact.
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10.12 Deleting the Junction
Deleting a junction removes the junction file and the trustees, trustee rights, and inherited rights filters that are explicitly set on the junction. It does not delete the data or trustee settings in the target location.
Changing the access path to the data might result in different effective rights for users at the target location. To avoid security or visibility issues, make sure to verify trustee settings in the target location before or after the delete. Before you delete the junction, you can use the Target Rights page for the junction to modify the settings. After you delete the junction, use any other method you normally use to view and modify rights.
 1. (Optional, recommended) Verify that the trustees and trustee rights settings at the target location are what you intend them to be when users access the data via a different path than the current junction.
 For information, see Section 10.8, Adding or Deleting Trustees for the Junction Target and Section 10.10, Modifying Trustee Rights for the Junction Target.
 2. In iManager, click Distributed File Services > Delete Junction.
 3. Browse to locate the junction you want to delete.
 4. Click OK, then confirm the warning message to delete the junction.


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|Look up gable in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.|
A gable is the generally triangular portion of a wall between the edges of a sloping roof. The shape of the gable and how it is detailed depends on the structural system being used (which is often related to climate and availability of materials) and aesthetic concerns. Thus the type of roof enclosing the volume dictates the shape of the gable. A gable wall or gable end more commonly refers to the entire wall, including the gable and the wall below it.
A variation of the gable is a crow-stepped gable, which has a stair-step design to accomplish the sloping portion. Crow-stepped gables were used in Scotland and England as early as the seventeenth century. Examples of the crow-stepped gable can be seen at Muchalls Castle and Monboddo House, both 17th century Scottish buildings. Other early examples are found in parts of Denmark and Sweden.
Gable ends of more recent buildings are often treated in the same way as the Classic pediment form. But unlike Classical structures, which operate through trabeation, the gable ends of many buildings are actually bearing-wall structures. Thus, the detailing tends to be ambiguous, misleading, and to some architects "deceitful".[why?] See: John Ruskin and The Seven Lamps of Architecture.
Gable end roofs are among the worst roof designs for hurricane regions. Not only do gable roofs easily peel off in hurricane winds, but according to one hurricane survival guide book, a gable end "catches wind like a sail."[this quote needs a citation] When wind flows over a gable roof it behaves much like a wing. Lift is created on the leeward side of the roof. The flatter the roof the more likely this will happen. Steep roofs tend to cause the wind to "stall" as it goes over the roof and breaks up the effect. The addition of a "vertical fin" to low pitched roofs will also help.
See also
- Bell-gable – Espadaña
- Crow-stepped gable
- Dutch gable
- Gablet roof
- Hip roof
- Cape Dutch architecture
- Roof damage by hurricane force winds in Bermuda The Fabian Experience, September 2003, page 5, Mark Rowe, Department of Environmental Protection, Government of Bermuda
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Gables|


Children of the Sun
by Julie, Poet
Julie is a poet from Ardwick, Manchester who uses poetry to make sense of what she is thinking. She writes sporadically in her poetry book.
We asked Julie to answer a few questions about writing poetry
Can you talk about what inspired you to write this poem?
This poem was written in the 70s, it was inspired by the TV programme Roots. You didn't get much about the slave trade on British television and not in a way that put the white people in the wrong.
This poem is not just about black and white, it's about all forms of slavery. In the days of slavery, in Britain all the people in the cotton mills, and those working in other people's houses were paid a pittance. I am not saying that they were slaves but they did not have free choice.


The Question:
Was Alfred Nobel married and did he have children?
The Answer:
No and no.
Swedish-born chemist and inventor Alfred Bernhard Nobel was what we call nowadays "a workaholic," which left little time for a personal life. He spent a good portion of his life traveling and working. By the time he died in 1896 Nobel had learned several languages and had 355 patents.
According to the Nobel Museum in Stockholm, the closest Nobel ever came to having a wife was when he was 43 years old. He ran the following ad in the newspaper: "Wealthy highly-educated elderly gentleman seeks lady of mature age, versed in languages, as secretary and supervisor of household."
The most qualified candidate was an Austrian woman named Countess Bertha Kinsky. She worked for Nobel for two years beginning in 1876 before returning to Austria to marry Count Arthur von Suttner. Despite this, Nobel and Bertha von Suttner remained good friends and corresponded regularly.
As time went on von Suttner became increasingly critical of the arms race and in 1899 published what would become a classic book in the peace movement, Die Waffen nieder (Lay Down Your Arms).
Unquestionably this relationship influenced Nobel when he wrote his final will which established annual awards, called Nobel Prizes, for work in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, and literature, and toward the promotion of international peace.
Bertha von Suttner was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1905.
—The Fact Monster


How to use Enums for Django Field.choices
In Django when using the choices parameter on a form field the format passed in must be as follows:
# within your models.Model class...
 ('0', 'freshman'),
 ('1','sophomore'),
 ('2', 'junior'),
 ('3','senior'),
student_type = models.CharField(max_length=1, choices=STUDENT_TYPE_CHOICES)
This means elsewhere in your code if you want to specify a choice field value, you'd have to enter the first slot of the tuple's value, e.g.:
junior_students = Student.objects.filter(student_type='2')
This is pretty terrible since it's hardcoded in our source, possibly over many files.
How to fix this mess:
In my project I added common/ containing the following:
from enum import Enum
class ChoiceEnum(Enum):
 def choices(cls):
 return tuple((, i.value) for i in cls)
That's the hard work over.
Now when you create your field with choices:
from common.utils import ChoiceEnum
class StudentTypes(ChoiceEnum):
 freshman = 0
 sophomore = 1
 junior = 2
 senior = 3
# within your models.Model class...
class Student(models.Model):
 student_type = models.CharField(max_length=1, choices=StudentTypes.choices())
Now if we need to access StudentTypes from elsewhere in our source code, we can simply:
junior_students = Student.objects.filter(student_type=StudentTypes.junior.value)
That's it. If anyone knows of a nicer way feel free to comment below.
16 thoughts on "How to use Enums for Django Field.choices
 1. asd
 In the choices method you can just do "for member in cls" or "for member in cls.__members__".
 2. Jake
 I think you're solving a problem that doesn't exist and and adding unnecessary complexity.
 You're not limited to using integers as keys for the choices. You're storing the key in a charfield, so a string will work fine (increase the max_length, obviously).
 3. anon62453
 [re-posted with code block]
 Here's what we used for the same issue:
 def choices(cls):
 return [(x.value, for x in cls]
 4. Victor
 choices = tuple([(str(p[1].value), p[0]) for p in props])
 There is not need in creating the intermediary list:
 choices = tuple((str(p[1].value), p[0]) for p in props)
 5. Damien de Lemeny
 Hi and thanks for the tip!
 Enumerations provided by enum34 support iteration, so your snippet can be simplified to a one liner :
 return [(, choice.value) for choice in cls]
 6. matt
 This solution cannot be recommended. Use the django-enumfield instead
 The *.value syntax will give you headaches in the long run especially in equality tests on your models:
 At some point you will test your model fields for equality:
 model.student_type == StudentTypes.freshman
 model.student_type == StudentTypes.freshman.value
 Have been there, do not want to go there again.
 1. Siddharth Pant
 That's easily solvable by just defining your own Enum class with __str__, __repr__ and __eq__ special methods. You can define them at one place and use it everywhere. By this way you have to use StudentTypes.freshman.value only at the Field definition in the model(i.e. only when you provide a default field value). At all other places StudentTypes.freshman will work. i think that is much better than using a third party library.
 7. nmgeek
 The ChoiceEnum.choices function was not returning the choices in the order I declared them so I reworked that class and ended up with a more compact implementation:
 class ChoiceEnum(Enum):
 def choices(cls):
 # format into django choice list
 return [(cls[m].value,m.replace('_',' ').title()) for m in reversed(cls._member_names_)]
 This also massages the user visible names for multi-word enum members.
 8. Samantha Atkins
 Why not something like:
 class Choices(object):
 def __init__(self, **choices):
 self._choices = choices
 self._rev_choices = {v:k for k,v in choices.items()}
 def choices(self):
 return self._choices
 def choice_name(self, value):
 return self._rev_choices.get(value)
Leave a Reply


Does market volatility affect your pension choices?
Published: September 1, 2020 by Jennifer Armstrong
If you're retiring this year, you may be worried about what the market volatility caused by Covid-19 means for your options.
The good news is that Pension Freedoms, introduced in 2015, means you can choose how and when you access your retirement savings.
Market volatility may have affected the value of your pension but that doesn't mean your overall plans have to be adjusted. However, it's important that you understand the impact it could have.
The impact will depend on how you intend to access your pension.
1. Taking a lump sum
Once you reach retirement age, it is possible to take your pension through lump-sum withdrawals. You can even choose to withdraw the entire amount, though this isn't appropriate for most retirees.
Usually, you can withdraw up to 25% tax-free. If you've intended to take a lump sum out of your pension to take advantage of this, it's worth assessing if your pension value has fallen. Withdrawals that exceed the 25% tax-free lump sum will be taxed as income and could push you into a higher Income Tax bracket. As a result, taking a lump sum may not be the most efficient way to access money.
2. Purchasing an Annuity
An Annuity is a product you buy with your pension savings that delivers a lifetime income. As a result, if the value of your pension has fallen, you may find that the income you can purchase is now lower. But it is an option that can provide financial security throughout retirement.
The amount paid out will depend on the Annuity rate. For example, a 5% Annuity rate would pay out £5,000 every year for every £100,000 initially paid.
The Annuity rate you're offered varies depending on a range of factors, including your age and health. You can also choose to purchase a joint Annuity, ensuring your partner would continue to receive an income if you passed away first, or one that rises alongside inflation to maintain spending power. These options would typically mean a lower level of income to begin with.
If you'd like to use an Annuity to fund retirement, you'll need to assess how recent volatility has affected your overall pension value. This means you're able to see what Annuity rates mean in terms of income. Take some time to shop around, different providers will offer varying rates. The good news is that with a guaranteed income, you won't have to worry about market volatility affecting income in retirement.
3. Using Flexi-Access Drawdown
Flexi-Access Drawdown allows you to take a flexible income that suits you, usually, the remainder will stay invested until you make another withdrawal.
This is the option where investment volatility can have the biggest impact. As your savings remain invested, you need to be aware of how your investments have performed. Continuing to take the same level of income during a downturn, as you did previously, will mean you need to sell more units to receive the same amount. This can deplete your pension quicker than expected if you haven't considered it beforehand.
As you're responsible for how and when you access your pension, you also need to ensure it lasts throughout your life, which will undoubtedly include some periods of short-term volatility. Therefore, you must consider downturns as part of your retirement plan.
Remaining exposed to the markets isn't all negative though. Historically, markets have recovered in the long term. Keeping your pension invested means you have an opportunity to benefit from a recovery as well as long-term gains.
Creating a retirement plan
How and when is the 'right' time to access your pension will vary between retirees. It's a decision that should focus on your retirement goals and long-term plans.
Remember, you don't have to access your pension as soon as it becomes available. If you don't need the savings yet, leaving your pension invested can give your investments a chance to recover in the long term and perhaps grow further.
You also don't have to choose one of the above options exclusively. You can mix and match the options to suit you. For instance, you could withdraw your 25% tax-free lump sum at the start of retirement, use a portion to create a base income with an Annuity, and use Flexi-Access Drawdown to access the remainder at different points.
If you'd like to discuss your retirement plans, whether this is how current circumstances have affected your initial plans or you're starting from scratch, please get in touch.


Astronomer and Educator: Friend or Foe?
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Session 43 -- Planetariums
[43.06] Astronomer and Educator: Friend or Foe?
D.K.Duncan (U. of Chicago and Adler Planetarium), A.Singel (Adler Planetarium)
Warning: This presentation might offend some astronomers and science or planetarium educators. It is not indended to offend, but to provoke discussion, and it is based on real-life experiences of astronomers and planetarium educators working together for the first time. It will presented as a skit. \\ Scene 1: An astronomer and a planetarium educator meet. The astronomer gives advice which the educator finds impractical and useless. The educator tells the astronomer what he teaches, and the astronomer finds it well-presented, irrelevent and misdirected. Scene 2: An astronomer and planetarium educator meet. The astronomer asks the educator what he could do to most help the planetarium. A surprising discussion ensues. The educator and astronomer agree on 3 basic ingredients which are usually required to create the best science programs.
8:30a program listing