How to help support sales at natural retail
How to help support sales at natural retail
The great equalizer between smaller and more sophisticated CPG companies, true category management can differentiate any brand in today's highly competitive environment. Category managers can and should support sales within their retailer partners, and there are some different approaches to consider in doing so, some of which may prove more effective than others.
Retail sales support
Most natural companies rely on relationship selling. This can be extremely effective if you have good rapport with your buyers. Decisions are based primarily on emotion and gut as opposed to facts. This can also create an opportunity for sales people armed with solutions to help retailers compete more effectively. The challenge, then, comes from dealing with new buyers, strong competitive threats from more sophisticated brands and mainstream retailers who expect more support from their brands. The old way of selling is not as effective as it once was.
Another hurdle is that most companies tend to focus their message on what's important to them—their product's value from their perspective. Unfortunately, few take the time to educate their retail customers and help build the message around their needs: satisfying customers while making a profit. Retailers want support and guidance from their manufacturer partners.
Just the facts
Fact-based selling also relies on relationships but is bolstered by solid facts, such as additional information that supports the benefit to the consumer as well as to the retailer—the heart of any category management based strategy. This can include the brand's commitment and plan to support the retailer, the market, the category, consumer insights, the potential sales for the item, schematic recommendations, etc.
Fact-based selling with category management answers the questions:
 - How does the product meet consumer needs?
 - How can the product drive foot traffic to the retailer?
 - How can the product give the retailer a competitive advantage in their market?
In answering these questions, always keep in mind the five Ps of selling: product, placement, people, pricing and promotion.
Armed with this information, your sales team will be empowered to help retailers grow in the respective categories.
What strategies differentiate your sales team from the competition?
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SLC 500 Timers
Thread Starter
Justin Lund
Can anyone please help. I need to input a separate value into 16 timers but also need to increment or decrement all of them together at the same time.
I am using a Panelview 550 and an SLC5/04
Jocko Harmet
You could make all of your values an offset from a single value(Register X - then incrament that value -
Each value would go into a separate register with a number such as 16000 added to it(same number would start out in Register X). For examples sake, this would be registers 0 through 15
Then the timer value for timer 1 would be (Register 0 - Register x)
The timer value for timer 2 would be (Register 1 - Register x)
Then when you need to incrament or decrement, you would perform this function on Register x only.
The number 16000 was used assuming that your timer is cabable of a 16 bit preset
This number would need to be greater than the maximum timer value. This would allow you to decrament all the way down to 0.
Jocko Harmet
[email protected]
Phoenix, AZ
Please make your query more clear. As such what do you want to acheive? Which value you want to increment or decrement? Preset Value or Accumulated value? Are you looking forward to synchronise the timers?
I don't understand. Are you wanting to load values into the timer preset addresses? Then do you wand to increment and/or decrement the preset values all together with a pushbutton, or something? If you know the relative values you want, the operator could enter one number, then let the plc do the math and write to the presets. Otherwise he'll have to fat-finger each one seperately. If you want to do a group inc/dec from the entered values, use indirect addressing to "catchall" the values with each adjustment.
Are you saying that the initial values will be different but thereafter you will add or subtract the same amount from all timers?
Not sure if I understand the problem, but:
On the panelview, use the timers PRE word as the tag for the register. For example for timer T4:1, set the tag for the panelview as T4:1.PRE
In the PLC, use the timer blocks normally. The write will occur during the housekeeping portion of the scan (actually the communication slice, but it all occurs between scans).
If you want all timers running at the same time, just put them all in parallel on a rung. It would make a big rung, but it would work. Give
them some default time for programming, but know that the time will be overwritten when the panelview comes online.
For example, enter the following rung. B3:1/1 is the enable bit. This is for 4 timers, but you can expand it as needed....
(note: in RSLogix, you can get to the text entry prompt by typing / with the rung selected)
xic b3:1/1 bst ton t4:1.01 100 0 nxb ton t4:2.01 100 0 nxb ton t4:3.01
100 0 nxb ton t4:4.01 100 0 bnd
This will give you 4 timers in parallel with an enable bit to start and stop them. 16 timers would just be more branches. For readability and
trouble shooting, you may want to break them into smaller rungs that all use the same enable bit.
Hope this helps!
--Joe Jansen
Yes. The timer presets will be keyed in for each of the 16 timers. The operator then needs to be able to increment or decrement all 16 at the same time even if the values are different. It is a lot quicker than having to enter 16 new values.
Thank you.
Crucius, Wesley
I didn't interpret Justin's question the way Joe did, so I'll offer a suggestion.
My interpretation is that you wanted to use a single panelview "button" (or pair of buttons) to increment and decrement either the accumulator or,
more likely, the preset timer element for 16 different timers "simultaneously". If I've understood your question correctly, here's what
you need:
- pick an intermediate integer register to be written to by the panelview with a desired increment/decrement value
- add a rung of logic in the processor to check this imtermediate register for a non-zero increment/decrement value and add this value to each of the desired timer elements
- reset the intermediate increment/decrement register value to zero when all timer elements have been updated, so that the process can be repeated
- you'll obviously want some limit test logic to avoid invalid timer element values (both in terms of what the PLC considers valid values and what you're process considers valid values)
John Paley--Graphic Pkg Corp
This example requires the timer addresses to be consecutive!!!
After the initial preset values are entered, use indirect addressing to easily change the rest.
If you use a pb to increment the value, one shot it to latch a bit--b3/0. if b3/0 is true, add 1 (or whatever) to t4:[n7;0].pre dest t4;[n7;0].pre.
branch output--add 1 to n7;0 dest n7;0. this increments the index to 1. the next scan, 1 gets added to t4;1, next scan t4;2 etc.
next branch output if n7;0 > 15, move 0 to n7;0 and branch unlatch b3/0. this shuts off the routine and resets n7;0 to start over next time.
this method takes 16 scans to get all the presets incremented, but how long is a scan, anyhow.
Another way is to let the operator set the value of the inc/dec then add that number to the presets.
This example uses timers 0-15, but it depends on the number you reset n7;0 to to start and the number you examine n7;0 greater than to finish. It will work with any range of consecutive timers (or any consecutive data table values).
Look out--be careful not to allow the operator to enter a preset less than zero. The processor won't like it and will lock up when the timer rung goes true. You could do a similar indexed rung to check the presets before you allow a decrement in value that might put one less than zero.
I could e-mail sample [email protected]
Draw a data entry screen on the PV550 to display the actual values for the 16 timer registers. Link these to the addresses you are using. This will allow individual timer preset values to be set independently.
Next add an Inc/Dec object to the screen and use this to ADD/SUBTRACT to/from ALL of the timer registers simultaneously (via ladder in PLC).
I've used similar screens for recipe/sequence modifications.


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Background: In schools, a major obstacle to drawing on emergent bilingual students' knowledge and skills in their first language is a widespread lack of awareness about language use among adolescent English learners, including how peer talk can connect knowledge and abilities in both languages to school-based learning. Although research often acknowledges the importance of engaging students' home language and culture to bridge to academic literacies in English, few have explicitly examined bilingual peer talk as a resource for language learning during adolescence.
Purpose: This study explores how emergent bilinguals engaged multiple linguistic codes to scaffold their own academic language development with peer support.
Research Design: Ethnography and discourse analysis of student interactions were used to contextualize and analyze the academic language use of four Spanish-speaking adolescent immigrant students, taking into account the affordances of classroom discourse structures and peer talk.
Conclusions: The study describes the linguistic resources available to Spanish-speaking adolescent immigrant students through their peers and shows that emergent bilingual youth used academic language in both Spanish and English most frequently—and in more elaborated interactions—while off-task or in less supervised spaces. Classroom discourse structures often limited student participation, particularly when students used nonstandard linguistic codes.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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HAPPY BIRTHDAY DOCK BOGGS FEB 7th 1898
Dock was an influential old-time singer, songwriter and banjoplayer. His style of banjo playing, as well as his singing, is considered a unique combination of Appalachian folk music and African-American blues. Contemporary folk musicians and performers consider him a seminal figure, at least in part because of the appearance of two of his recordings from the 1920s, "Sugar Baby" and "Country Blues", on Harry Smith's 1951 Anthology of American Folk Music collection. Boggs was initially recorded in 1927 and again in 1929, although he worked primarily as a coal miner for most of his life. He was "rediscovered" during the folk music revival of the 1960s, and spent much of his later life playing at various folk music festivals and recording for Folkways Records.


Mission Statement - NALMS
NALMS Mission Statement
The Mission Statement is Simple and Clear
The specific goals of the society, as spelled out in the Constitution and Bylaws, are as follows:
 1. To facilitate the exchange of information on the technical and administrative aspects of managing lakes and their watersheds.
 2. To promote public awareness of lake ecosystems.
 3. To encourage public support for national, state or provincial, and local programs promoting management of lakes and their watersheds.
 4. To provide guidance to public and private agencies involved in or planning management activities for lakes and their watersheds.
 5. To improve the professional status of all persons engaged in any aspect of managing lakes and their watersheds.


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What does BARU mean in Railroads?
This page is about the meanings of the acronym/abbreviation/shorthand BARU in the Regional field in general and in the Railroads terminology in particular.
Find a translation for BARU in other languages:
Select another language:
What does BARU mean?
- Baru was an extinct genus of Australian mekosuchine crocodilian. It was semi-aquatic, around 4 m in length. Being semi-aquatic its habitat was around fresh pools of water in wet forests, ambushing their prey, much like modern species. The word Baru is Aboriginal and means "crocodile's ancestor". Fossils have been found in Australia at Riversleigh in north-western Queensland and Alcoota Station it the Northern Territory.


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Do plants receive nutrients immediately after application?
No, which is the point of a slow-release plant food. Instead, Osmocote nutrients are released into the soil as replacements
for the nutrients being drawn into the plant's root system.
The temperature of the soil controls the rate at which nutrients are taken up by the plant and the rate at which nutrients are released by the Osmocote granules. The warmer the soil, the faster nutrients are released. Conversely, when soil temperatures drop, so does the release of nutrients.
Discover everything you've wanted to know about our products in our Frequently Asked Questions.View frequently asked questions.


text:
How Our Hats are Sized
Hats are measured by the inside circumference at the bottom of the hat's crown (the sweatband) and measured in centimeters. To make sure you have your correct hat size, you'll need to measure the circumference of your head or where you generally like to wear your hat. Do this by wrapping a measuring tape around the crown of your head, placing the tape one to two fingers width above your eyebrows and one finger above your ears. Alternatively, use a piece of string and then measure the length.
Whatever your measurement, add 1cm to determine your correct hat size. Example: head measurement of 56cm wears size 57 hat.


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Word of the Week--"Fjord"
Definition--a long narrow steep-sided inlet of the sea between two steep slopes, e.g. in Norway, Greenland or Alaska, formed by the flooding of a previously glaciated valley.
Discussion--If you look up words that start with the letters "fj" in the allwords dictionary, you won't find much. (And if you believed my elementary school teachers, you shouldn't find anything.) Few Scandinavian words have migrated to English or the Romance languages, and "fj" is a decidedly Scandinavian consonant construction.
I love the sound of the term fjord and have dubbed it my favorite "fj" word. It is a lonely term in our language, just as a fjord is generally a lonely place. Deep water surrounded by cliffs can have an oppressive feel, but I suspect they are just the place for quiet contemplation.
Etymology--Not surprisingly, Fjord has Scandinavian roots. It is Norwegian, from the Old Norse fjr.
The languages below show all show the same roots.
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Footprint in Rock Art
footprint heavenly gates negev desert rock art
Footprint – Heavenly Gates in Negev Desert Rock Art, Israel
Many engraved footprints were found in Negev Desert rock art. Some researchers interpret them as symbols of god presence. Indeed, their similarity to a footprint confuses the visual interpretation, and our proof of their symbolic meaning is far from what envisioned. Detailed examination of these rock art reveals a repeating pattern that proves that they are symbols of heavenly gates.
According to the ancient concept, the gates of Heaven are Sumerian imaginary structures floating in the sky that serve as a gateway between heaven and earth. In Negev Desert rock art the gate resembles a footprint an idea copied directly from Sumerian cylinder seals. The gates are located at the ecliptic plane intersection with the horizon, the place where the Sun, moon, and planets rise and set. Another type of gate, the heavenly gate, leads to the world center or Paradise and it is located in the North Star vicinity situated above the Ursa Major constellation.
1. The Gate Astronomical Origins
John C Didier (2009) hypothesize that the imaginary heavenly gate is constructed from the stars around the North Pole. This includes the prominent stars and constellations around the North Star, such as Ursa Major, Ursa Minor, and Draco, which appear in many Sumerian cylinder seals, as shown in Fig2. The two Ursa Minor stars define the top and the two Ursa Major stars define the gate bottom. The imaginary lines connecting the four stars create a rectangle that forms the gate. This rectangular area surrounds Thuban, a star in the Draco constellation tail, the previous North Pole star and earth pivot about 5000 years ago, considered the location of Paradise. This gate mounted on the heavenly bull back, as illustrated in Fig.1, made from the outline of the Ursa Major constellation.
Rock Art News. Sumerian heavenly gate abstraction
Fig 1 Heavenly Gate illustration Fig2 The Heavenly Bull and the Winged Gate. On right, the Goddess Inanna climbs out the gate
2. The Gates in Sumerian Cylinder Seals
Acadian cylinder seal Fig.2, dated 3000BC, depicts a gate, called the literature "The Bull and the Winged Gate". The winged gate supported by the heavenly bull, an Ursa Major constellation depiction, was imagined as a mechanism that allowed it to float in the air. Two gods on the gate sides are powering the gate by passing a rope between them, an action that implies movement, which depicts the winding Draco constellation. The gate wings look like sun rays of slightly different sizes also symbolizing the rise and set direction. On the right side in Fig.2, the larger wing symbolizes the rise direction and the smaller one, on left, symbolizes the set direction. The wings remind of birds' wings that award the gate the ability to float in the air. The similarity between the gates described by John C Didier, Fig.1, and the cylinder seal in Fig.2 is very clear.
The Epic of Gilgamesh 1500 BC contains the gate textual and pictorial testimony as described in Innana and the Celestial bull myth. On the right side of Fig.2, the cylinder seal describes a scene from this myth in which Innana steps out from the heavenly gate carried by the heavenly bull. She is heading straight from the gate, naked, and runs into the floating boat that sails the celestial ocean that separates heaven from earth. Note the adherence to the set/rise gate wings sizes in this cylinder seal.
3. The Footprint in Negev Desert Rock Art
Fig.4 presents Rock Art examples of footprints from the Negev Desert. They always appear as a pair comprised of rising and setting gates with wings. The gates resemble a footprint of slightly different sizes with the attached wings that look like ears. The gate schematic confirms the ideas in the Sumerian cylinder seals, which includes the adherence to the gates and wings sizes. The artist emphasized the differences in rising and setting direction by the gates sizes, the wings sizes, and the gate outlines thickness and fullness. The gates are in the shape of a footprint, which is the body part that walks through the gate.
rock art archeology research news. footprint, heavenly gates examples from negev desert rock art
Fig.4 Heavenly Gates Negev Desert Rockart Fig 5 The Sun and Moon Gates
Fig.5 illustrates a Rock Art example of four gates. The upper pair is the sun sunrise and sunset gates; the sun appears between them seen as a full circle. The lower pair is the moon rising and setting gates that appear between them. The gate size ratio, of the sun rising and setting, is maintained, however, the moon gates are of equal size since their brightness doesn't change.
Fig.6 shows examples of engraved rock art gates from the Negev Desert with their heavenly association. From left to right: 1. Venus entering the heavenly gate (see Venus Calendar) 2. Venus Star hovering above its gates. 3. The moon exits its rise gate (the right footprint), 4. An ibex enters the gate, half of it inside and half outside.
Rock Art archeology research news. footprint and the heavenly gate rock art
Fig.6 Examples of heavenly gates and their association with celestial objects
4. The Heavenly Gate celestial abstraction
Fig.7 shows two galloping horses carrying in tandem a rectangular structure. This unique arrangement represents the heavenly gate, which marked the entrance to heaven, and its ability to float in the sky. This beautiful and unusual scene actually depicts the constellations around the north star, see Fig.7, the most important sky region and the portal entry to heaven. The horses are a depiction of Ursa Major and Ursa Minor constellations. Don't look for the pictorial resemblance of the horses and constellations. It is all in the artist's mind that abstracted prominent constellation characteristics, around the north star, into familiar objects. The lower horse with its rectangle body and the kneeling posture reminds the shape of the Ursa Major constellation. The upper horse represents Ursa Minor constellation with its long tail depicting the Draco constellation that winds between these two constellations. The area where the Draco tail is crossing, the rectangular structure, marks the old North Star Thuban location, from 4th to 2nd-millennium BCE.
Rock Art research news. Heavenly gate as a North star
Fig 7 The Heavenly Gate situated around the North Pole the world pivot. The gate is carried by two horses representing the constellations Ursa Major/Minor and Draco. Negev Desert Rock Art (photo Razy Yahel)
Fig.8 illustrates various gate engravings from the Negev Desert. The Sumerian cylinder seals and Negev Desert Rock Art similarity are compelling evidence for the Heavenly Gates abstraction. This includes details as gates sizes, wings sizes, and even a reminiscence of the Draco constellation seen as the wavy line within the gate.
Rock Art research News. Footprint, Heavenly gate examples Negev Desert rock art
Fig.8 Heavenly gate examples from the Negev Desert rock art
More deciphering, in a new book Rock Art in Israel, is available online.
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And why is New Year's Day an official holiday in Massachusetts? Here's the Lowell connection from worcester.bettysgenealogy.org :
New Year's Day, however, was not an American holiday. It was for many years distinctively the French-Canadians' day. All the mills were open as usual but the French-Canadian help refused to work. This presented difficulties in maintaining operating crews and frequently resulted in trouble between management and employees. It was not until 1914 that New Year's Day became a legal holiday in Massachusetts. Urged by a demand made by French-Canadians throughout the state, Representative Henry Achin of Lowell obtained passage of the bill in that year. It was preceded by a hard fight having been before our state government for a number of years. Frank P. Allen (Ed. Note: A well known Franco-American resident of Fitchburg) was a member of the legislature in the year of its passage. So, when we celebrate New Year's Day, we should remember that our own Frank was instrumental in making the holiday possible.


Boy Names baby nameLabhrainn
What does the name Labhrainn mean?
The different meanings of the name Labhrainn are:
 - Latin meaning: Man from Laurentum
 - French meaning: Man from Laurentum
The meaning of the name "Labhrainn" is different in several languages, countries and cultures and has more than one possibly same or different meanings available.
Origins:,
Starts with:


Ruins of the San Nicolas Hospital 3D Model
Dominican Republic 3D Models
/ / Ruins of the San Nicolas Hospital 3D Model
Ruins of the San Nicolas Hospital
If as a traveller you are one of those who appreciate the ruins of what used to be important buildings and are now historical spaces, we recommend visiting the ruins of the San Nicolás de Bari Hospital in the Colonial Zone of Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.
This building, located on Calle Hostos on the corner of Calle Luperón, was the first hospital and health center in the Americas.
Its construction began in 1503 by order of the governor Fray Nicolás de Ovando (_PHONE_). However, at the beginning the hospital was a small building made of wood and straw that housed a few sick people.
The construction of the hospital continued during the next years, using more durable materials such as stones and bricks. Construction was completed in 1552. By this date, the hospital was one of the large public buildings in Santo Domingo, serving an average of 50 to 60 people a day.
The San Nicolás de Bari Hospital had a mixture of Renaissance and Gothic architecture. This structure consisted of three naves. The central nave functioned as a chapel, while the two lateral naves housed the sick. Its design served as a model for other hospitals in the New World.
This hospital complex was a structure so solid that it resisted centuries of earthquakes and hurricanes. It was one of the buildings that survived the attacks of the English corsair Francis Drake in 1586.
During the 18th century, it served as a military hospital.
By the end of the 19th century, the hospital was closed due to economic problems and lack of supplies and personnel.
By the beginning of the 20th century, the building was in such a serious state that it was declared a risk to the community.
In 1976, the ruins were renovated to make them accessible to tourists who wanted to explore the arches and columns of the San Nicolás de Bari Hospital, a project spearheaded by the Commission of Historical Monuments of the Colonial City.
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Red Plum Trees: Everything You Need To Know About Red Plums
Red plums and red plum trees are actually canopy terms that encompass many specific plum cultivars.
We on this site talk about all the fantastic and exotic types of plums out there, so it can be baffling to go to grocery store after grocery store and see exactly two types: red and black. How is it possible to read about plums like the Methley and Bruce but only find something as tame as a red plum? Believe it or not, you are might just be buying a Methley or Bruce plum as they are popular red plum varieties.
Basket of Red Plums
It is also a description that can have a couple of meanings. Read on to learn about those red plums you see in stores and what you are actually buying.
What Are Red Plums
The term 'red plum' is used in two primary ways. First, it can be used to describe the two native North American plums. They are the Prunus americana and the Prunus nigra. The Prunus americana is more commonly known as the American plum, Marshall's sweet yellow plum, or the wild plum. The Prunus nigra is more commonly known as the Canada plum or the red plum. Together, these types of plums are often called wild plums.
Wild Plum Tree At Sunset
Second, the term 'red plum' describes any plum cultivar that has a red-toned skin and yellow-ish flesh. The Methley, Bruce, and Burbank all meet this description. You will also find them labeled as red plums in stores. Most varieties belong to a group of Japanese plums, Prunus salycina
Regardless of the use of the term, red plum encompasses a selection of plums with overlapping physical characteristics. Know though that when you purchase something called a red plum, you are most likely purchasing a Methley plum or other Japanese red plum.
History of Red Plums
The history of the red plum varies wildly based on whether it is a Japanese plum or one of the plums native to North American. Both have been known to humans for at least 1,000 years.
How Do Red Plums Taste
A tart flavor or sour tinge characterizes most red plums. The wild plums of North America are a rangier, tougher fruit. They are also smaller and less ideal for fresh eating. As you might imagine, these characteristics do not make for a widely grown grocery store fruit.
Homemade Plum Pie
Thee Methley plum, however, is a red plum known for a mild flavor. They really represent the plum flavor most of us think of thanks to their mild flavor and wide growing range. The so-called red plums in the grocery store can easily be other types of Japanese plums or hybrid plums though. Unfortunately, there is no good way for the consumer to know what they are buying before they bite into the fruit.
How to Use Red Plums
Red plums hold their own with both fresh eating, canning, and cooking. The more mild Methleys plums generally make for better fresh eating than the wild plums because they are not as tart. However, most red plums do get sweeter as they ripen. If fresh eating is on your mind, stay away from the firmest red plums.
Red plums bring a bit of zing to cut the sweetness in baked goods. Try them in an eggless plum cake or in a gooey plum crisp. They also make great jellies and jams because they add some depth to an otherwise sweet dish. For more red plum ideas, take a look at 21 Plum Recipes to Try at Home.
Red Plum Jam
The wild red plums can be very hit or miss in terms of flavor. When using them in baking, I strongly recommend taste-testing each batch (as if we need an excuse!). Even within one tree, you may notice a taste variation, so keep sampling.
Where to Buy Red Plums and Red Plum Trees
If your grocery store has any plums, they are likely red plums. They are one of the most widely available plums in the United States.
You can also grow your own red plum trees at home. Because red plum trees can be so many different types of trees, you have a fantastic chance finding one near you.
If you are new to fruit tree growing, the Methley plum is one red plum perfect for beginners. Methley plums are very popular trees because they are so accessible, and they have a wide growing range, meaning there is a strong chance you can pick one up at your local nursery.
If you find that your local, in-person options are limited, you may have more success online. The variety is very popular because it can be grown in most of the country.
Our preferred online nursery is Nature Hills Nursery. They offer 1 to 3 foot trees that can produce fruit the first growing season.
For the best selection of trees, always plan to make online purchases well before you want to plant. For spring planting, you will need to purchase in late winter, if not the previous fall.
For those of us who like to plant in the fall, it can be challenging to find the most popular trees, like the Methley, for a summer or fall purchase.
Nature Hills does have other red plum trees, including a North American plum tree, an Ozark Premier Japanese plum,
How to Grow Red Plum Trees
Japanese red plum trees bloom white flowers in early spring, as early as February and March, and its plums will be ready to harvest in May to July, depending on the weather and climate.
Planting Trees
Wild red plum trees both bloom later and yield fruit later in the season.
Both wild red plums and Japanese red plums are among the easiest trees to grow. Among plum trees, they both bear fruit earlier in the tree's life cycle than other types of plums.
Red Plum Tree Characteristics
Red plum trees come in all shapes and sizes. For all the consistency regarding appearance that the fruit holds, the trees themselves have enough variety to fit any yard or commercial space.
Your Methley plum tree will have a rather fast growth rate and should be mature in 3 years. Growers can have the best of both worlds of cost savings by purchasing a bare root tree but still enjoy a well-developed tree in just a few years.
This type of consistency and convenience can be hard to find in the world of fruit trees.
Red Plum Tree in Blossom
Red Plum Tree in blossom
Planting Zones
The recommended USDA growing zones vary based on the specific red plum tree. The Methley plum tree and Prunus nigra are recommended for USDA zones 4 through 9 and are cold hardy down to -15 degrees Fahrenheit. Prunus americana grows in zones 3 through 8, but actually has the best cold hardiness of plums and can survive down to -50 degrees when fully dormant! The wild plum certainly demonstrates the value in choosing native species
Red Plum Tree Size and Spacing
I address Methley plums in this article specifically because they are so popular. One of the many reasons that it is such a popular fruit tree is that it has a really convenient shape and size for both private homes and commercial applications. They naturally only reach about 12 feet in height, but with minor pruning can easily be kept under 10 feet. It has an upright shape and a spreading canopy, so it produces an aesthetically pleasing shape for yards and can fit in even a small space.
Red Plums on a Tree
The North American plums naturally reach a higher height of 15 to 25 feet, and the canopy is correspondingly larger. If you have space for this and want a large shade tree, this could be a good fit. The wild trees are less tolerant of drought than the Japanese red plum tres.
The great thing about modern tree growing is that larger trees are often grown on the rootstock of smaller trees, like peach and cherry trees. This means that you can get the fruit of a larger plum tree on a much shorter and more compact tree.
When spacing your trees, be sure to situate them far enough apart to allow them to grow to their intended size. Planting to allow for growth is ultimately easier than aggressively pruning every year.
Japanese plums, including Methley plums are considered self-fertile, but the tree will bear more plentiful yields when within 50 feet of another plum tree. Remember, Japanese plums and European plums do not pollinate each other because the two types have a different number of chromosomes. The Methley is a Japanese plum, so you cannot rely on any nearby European plums for assistance
Japanese plums can be cross-pollinated with American plums. American or wild plums are self-fruitful.
Similar Fruits
If you are looking for a more familiar plum to compare the Japanese red plum to before committing to a tree, you can think of it as something of a mix between an Italian plum and a Chickasaw plum. It looks similar to the Chickasaw plum in that it is a smaller, lighter colored plum, but its juicy sweet flavor has more in common with an Italian plum.
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I can't figure out how to add an IN clause in my query, using placeholders.
I'd want it to be something like:
$nids = array(1, 2, 3);
$result = db_query('SELECT * FROM {node} WHERE nid IN :nids', array(':nids' => $nids));
Can't find any documentation on this simple task. What's the proper way to achieve this?
You are missing the braces.
Try this:
$nids = array(1, 2, 3);
$result = db_query('SELECT * FROM {node} WHERE nid IN (:nids)', array(':nids' => $nids));
For more information, see _URL_ especially the chapter on Placeholder arrays:
Placeholder arrays
Drupal's database layer includes an extra feature of placeholders. If the value passed in for a placeholder is an array, it will be automatically expanded into a comma separated list as will the corresponding placeholder. That means developers do not need to worry about counting how many placeholders they will need.
An example should make this behavior clearer:
// This code:
// Will get turned into this prepared statement equivalent automatically:
db_query("SELECT * FROM {node} WHERE nid IN (:nids_1, :nids_2, :nids_3)", array(
 ':nids_1' => 13,
 ':nids_2' => 42,
 ':nids_3' => 144,
// Which is equivalent to the following literal query:
db_query("SELECT * FROM {node} WHERE nid IN (13, 42, 144)");
 - I knew I was close ;) Thanks for the answer and the link! – Olof Johansson Jun 16 '11 at 15:20
 - what about the strings? node_types = array('node_type_1', 'node_type_2'); – Serjas Feb 8 '13 at 13:24
 - Same, doesn't matter. – Berdir Feb 8 '13 at 15:43
For Drupal 8
Entity query:
$query = \Drupal::entityTypeManager()->getStorage('entity_type')->getQuery();
$query->condition('field/property', [1, 2, 3], 'IN');
$ids = $query->execute();
Sql Query (select), essentially the same for other query types.
$query = \Drupal::database()->select('table', 't');
$query->condition('column', [1, 2, 3], 'IN');
For Drupal 7
See Berdir's answer.
For Drupal 6
You can do it like this:
$nids = array(1, 2, 3);
$placeholders = db_placeholders($nids);
$result = db_query("SELECT * FROM {node} WHERE nid IN ($placeholders)", $nids);
db_placeholders is needed in Drupal 6 which will creating a string that holds the placeholders needed for the array of values given. Drupal 7 handles all this internally like Berdir describes.
Using the Database API in Drupal 7
Here's how you can use db_select() instead of db_query() for the same results.
$nids = array(1, 2, 3);
 ->condition('n.nid', $nids, 'IN')
$nodes = $query->fetchAll();
Drupal 6 If your array contains strings you need to tell db_placeholders()
$colours = array('red', 'yellow', 'blue');
$placeholders = db_placeholders($colours,'text');
$result = db_query("SELECT * FROM {bricks} WHERE colour IN ($placeholders)", $colours);
Drupal 8 update.
Also valid.
$nids = db_query("SELECT nid FROM node_field_data WHERE nid IN (:nids[]) AND status = 1", [
 ':nids[]' => $nids
 - db_query is deprecated and will be removed in Drupal 9. It shouldn't be recommended as a solution at this point. You also shouldn't use the database directly for querying data related to entities; there are APIs for that – Clive Nov 9 '19 at 7:03
 - The recommendation is strictly Drupal 8 update. The current accepted answer no longer works for Drupal 8, because it lacks square bracket. To reject this answer because it does not work for Drupal 9 another major version is disingenuous. It stops users getting an answer that just works. The sentiment is a clear example of, Perfect is the enemy of good enough. – Chris Calip Nov 12 '19 at 23:27
Your Answer


text:
The definition of betwixt is between.(adverb)
When you are in between two things, this is an example of a time when you are betwixt.
See betwixt in Webster's New World College Dictionary
Origin: ME bitwix < OE betwix < be, by + a form related to twegen, twain; -t is unhistoric
See betwixt in American Heritage Dictionary 4
adverb & prep.
Origin: Middle English bitwixt
Origin:, from Old English betwix; see dwoin Indo-European roots.
Learn more about betwixt


text:
AB Development Studies Program
The Bachelor of Arts major in Development Studies was established in 1986. This degree program is ideal for individuals who want to make effective contributions to the continuing effort to improve Philippine society. It combines analytical rigor with practical considerations of development dynamics in the Philippines. Its curriculum provides a healthy balance of socio-economic theories, policy analysis and research and management tools. In a world where "development" in its various dimensions is a central concern and need, systematic theoretical and practical training in this field of study serves as a distinct advantage for the graduates of the AB Development Studies Program.
Development Management involves the application of management principles and practices to the context of social development. The Minor in Development Management is being offered by the Development Studies Program in response to the increasing need for good managers working with social development institutions – managers who do not only have a mastery of development concepts but who also possess management skills that will make them effective change agents. The minor is open to all undergraduate students of the Loyola Schools.


How to Calculate Hydraulic and Pneumatic Cylinder Buckling
May 18, 2016 7:00:00 AM LEAVE A COMMENT
Much the same way that you want the columns on your front porch to have the strength to support the roof --avoiding any and all Tim the Tool Man Taylor incidents -- column strength is a critical piece when addressing cylinder design as well. So many of us don't understand what it is and how important it is; let's investigate some of the factors associated with it to help gain a better understanding.
Things to Consider When Calculating Column Buckling
Buckling is a failure of a structural member due to a high compressive load. In other words: too much load on the end of you cylinder rod when it is extending. Remember this only happens under a compressive load (more on this later).
There are different classes of mountings for cylinders. For fixed mounted cylinder (for example):
 - front head flange mount
 - front flange mount
 - rear head mount, (or any cylinder that has a fixed mount on the front or rear of the cylinder)
Next comes the head or intermediate pivotal mounts; they consist of a front trunnion mount or intermediate trunnion mount. And last but not least is the rear pivotal mount, clevis or pivot mounts.
Each mounting style has different classes of rod supports styles. For the fixed mounted cylinders there is:
 - class 1, which is fixed supported guided
 - class 2, which is pivoted supported guided
 - class 3 pivoted or fixed supported unguided and
 - class 6 free unsupported unguided
Next are the head or intermediate pivotal mounts, which has:
 - class 3 pivoted or fixed supported unguided, and
 - class 4, pivoted supported guided or unguided
And lastly the rear pivotal mounting, it has:
 - class 5, pivoted supported guided or unguided.
So what does all this technical jargon mean?
You just need to order a cylinder, right? So why all this class this, unguided that…blah, blah, blah.
Your column strength limitations are based on operating pressure, rod size and the length of stroke. After a certain point the longer your stroke the less operating pressure you can use based on your rod size. Spaghetti noodles can teach us alot about cylinder design, so for example, imagine if you take a long piece of raw spaghetti (not the limp wet stuff in the pot) and stand it on its end and press down on it with your palm you will see the long piece of spaghetti bend and eventually break. Now take one of those shorter pieces you just made and do the same thing and you will notice that you can apply more pressure before it bends and breaks and eventually you will get a piece so short that you can't bend it or break it in this manner -- this is column strength.
In the nut shell, the longer the rod the less column strength you have therefore the less pressure you can apply before bending or breaking occurs. Whether its a spaghetti noodle or a cylinder. You can have a failure without the rod losing it elasticity by the rod just bending and then returning to its original shape after the load is removed, the elasticity of the rod was not exceeded. You can't enhance the column strength by using high tension-proof steel or heat treated material, the only way to increase column strength is to make the diameter of the rod larger. If this is not possible then you are limited in your operating pressure base on your cylinder size, rod size, stroke and any rod extension you might have.
Check out the free PDF, 12 Fluid Power Charts and Guides for Everyday Use, to help you figure out what your needs and limitations are. And if the job is complex enough you can always ask an engineer.
Whether your designing a three stage telescopic cylinder capable of lifting a 300,000 pound load for the aerospace industry or a 18" bore, 9" rod and 120" stroke marine cylinder used for opening and closing a split hull hopper barge calculating column strength is imperitive when specifying a cylinder -- no matter the application.
Download the Ultimate Cylinder Design Checklist
Topics: Application


text:
What's The Real Story Behind the Term 'Kangaroo Court?'
Hopefully you'll never be tried by a kangaroo court. And no, that doesn't mean the jury will be made up of boxing marsupials.
A 'kangaroo court' is a law court set up to look like justice is being served, when in fact the proceedings are a farce, held only for the sake of appearances. It's also held in baseball clubhouses to hand down penalties for poor play. There seems to be several theories out there as to how this expression got started. Let's take a look at a few.
An Australian Origin?
Since kangaroos are found only in Australia, you would think the term does in fact come from Down Under. When settlers were first making their way across the Outback, they would hold 'hopper's courts' from time to time, when there was some legal trouble that needed resolving. 'Hopper' most likely refers to kangaroos, but unfortunately there is a lack of written documentation, or evidence, that proves this term was in fact used by early European pioneers in Australia, although many claim it was.
Animals That Likes To Stare
So what do kangaroos have in common with a jury of your peers? Well, apparently when a roo, or a boomer encounters a human being, it will halt in its tracks and gape blankly at the person in question for a long time, before eventually skipping off. Perhaps that vacant stare is reminiscent of the looks jurors get when they are mulling over the facts of a difficult case.
An American Origin
Americans in the 19th century knew about kangaroos, even if they'd never see one before, and their famed jumping abilities. It seems the term sprung into usage around the 1850s, during the California Gold Rush, to describe 'claim jumpers.' Claim jumpers were people who grabbed the land rights of others, especially mineral rights. Kangaroo courts might have been set up by those involved in the mining profession to deal with these jumpers.
Modern Day Kangaroo Courts
These days it seems you most often read about kangaroo courts when some dictator wants to give the appearance of serving justice, when in fact the decisions the 'court' will eventually arrive at have been decided well ahead of time. Perhaps the 'kangaroos' being referred to are simply the wild jumps in logical these types of proceedings tend to make.
Regardless of the true origins of this term, try not to become the defendant in one of these trials, because the ruling won't go in your favor. Best avoid tangles with the law in places where kangaroo courts prevail.


Skip to definition.
Noun: traveling wave
Usage: US (elsewhere: travelling wave)
 1. A wave in which the medium moves in the direction of propagation of the wave
 - travelling wave [Brit, Cdn]
Derived forms: traveling waves
Type of: undulation, wave
Encyclopedia: Traveling wave


How to Clean Your Rotary Evaporator
By Aimee O'Driscoll, 16 December 2019
A rotary evaporator is a complex piece of equipment with multiple components. As such, it's definitely not the simplest item in the lab to clean. However, it's important to clean your rotary evaporator properly. Leaving residue in its components could pose safety risks or affect the outcome of subsequent applications.
There are two main ways to clean your rotary evaporator glassware, both of which we'll discuss further below, including their pros and cons:
 1. The "quick and dirty" method: This involves a quick flush with acetone or another solvent.
 2. Thorough cleaning of glassware: In this case, you need to dismantle the apparatus before cleaning.
In either case, you should aim to clean the rotovap soon after you finish using it. This avoids residue drying onto the glassware and making it more difficult to clean.
1. The "Quick and Dirty" Method
You may have heard about a fast and simple method to clean your rotary evaporator glassware using a quick flush with acetone. The video below illustrates how this is done, but here are the general steps:
 - Fill a small to medium-sized two-neck round-bottom flask about halfway with acetone. (A three-neck flask with a stopper in one socket will work too.)
 - Connect one socket to the rotovap (where the evaporation flask would usually go). You can secure it in place or hold it with one hand. Note, the flask should not be set to spin during this process.
 - Use your thumb to close the second socket of the two-neck flask.
 - Set the vacuum pump to around 250 mbar and switch it on. You should start to see the acetone boil as a result of the reduced pressure.
 - Quickly remove your thumb from the socket and you'll see acetone shoot through the rotovap.
 - Close the socket with your thumb again and repeat the flush if needed.
The obvious advantage to this method is that it's very fast. You don't even need to dismantle your setup. However, it could potentially cause problems. The rapid suction of the solvent into the system means you could up with solvent in your vacuum pump. If this gets into the oil of an oiled pump, it will decrease the time you'll have between oil changes. If you're using an oil-free pump such as a membrane pump, it could become flooded with solvent. If this happens, you'll need to keep it running to help clear the solvent and dry it out.
In either case, in the long run, you're better off skipping this cleaning method altogether and dismantling your setup for cleaning instead.
2. Thorough Cleaning of Glassware
The proper way to clean your rotary evaporator is to take it apart and wash each piece separately. Removable and washable parts include the evaporation flask, condenser, collection flask, and vapor tube.
Many manufacturers will provide advice about cleaning a specific rotary evaporator's components, but these are the basic steps:
 1. Ensure parts are adequately cooled (chilled condensers should be at room temperature).
 2. Remove the component and dispose of its contents according to regulations.
 3. Flush the component with an appropriate solvent. If necessary and suitable as per manufacturer specifications, you can use a brush to remove more stubborn residue.
 4. Allow components to dry before reassembly.
Depending on your application, you may wish to sterilize your glassware using an autoclave. Just bear in mind that if you're using safety-coated glassware, there may be some restrictions on what settings you use and how long you autoclave for. In particular, you should avoid sudden changes in pressure as this can cause the coating to come away from the glassware, leaving folds and creases in the coating once the glassware cools.
Cleaning Other Parts of a Rotary Evaporator
Aside from the glassware, you need to keep up with regular cleaning of other parts of the rotary evaporator.
 - The exterior of the rotovap unit: Cleaning the outside of the rotary evaporator is relatively straightforward. You can wipe it with a cloth moistened with water and a mild detergent, but you should avoid using a flammable cleaning agent such as ethanol on the outside of the unit.
 - The heating bath: This should also be cleaned with an appropriate solvent or water and a mild detergent. Note that some manufacturers advise not to use solvents on a bath, particularly those with Teflon coatings. Be sure that the bath is switched off before cleaning and that the evaporation flask, if still attached, is in the upper stop position.
 - Protective covers: These can be removed and cleaned, but note that they may scratch easily, so avoid using abrasive materials for cleaning. Covers made of protective glass may be sensitive to certain solvents, so it's best to stick with water and a mild detergent.


Nao Bustamante
There is no translation available.
Sans Gravity
Water can symbolize many things, but often it is associated with knowledge and emotion; both of which are difficult to define in logical terms. In the installation/performance space of Sans Gravity, Bustamante explores the metaphors associated with water in the physical realm by burdening her body. The weight and the movement of the water develop into extensions of the gesture and another layer of the distorted self. The audience becomes a mechanism of relief.
Additional Info
FaLang translation system by Faboba


text:
The U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) extends no more than 200 nautical miles from the territorial sea baseline and is adjacent to the 12 nautical mile territorial sea of the U.S., including the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the U.S. Virgin Islands, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and any other territory or possession over which the United States exercises sovereignty.
Within the EEZ, the U.S. has:
Note: Under certain U.S. fisheries laws, such as the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act, the term "exclusive economic zone" is defined as having an inner boundary that is coterminous with the seaward (or outer) boundary of each of the coastal states. While its outer limit is the same as the EEZ on NOAA charts, its inner limit is coterminous with the coastal states' boundary at 3 nautical miles, except for Texas, western Florida, and Puerto Rico, which claim a 9 nautical mile belt.


text:
Learn how to make an oceanic gope board in Part 3 of this series.
Tags:How to Make an Oceanic Gope Board Part 3,art projects,cardboard,ceremonial art,crafts,gope board,jumbobaystudios,Oceania,oceanic art,raffia,tribal art
Grab video code:
How to Make an Oceanic Gope Board Part 3
Draw the shape for your Gope board. Make sure it is symmetrical and then cut it out. Next, fold the sheet of construction paper lengthwise. In cursive, write your name along the folded edge of the paper making certain that all letters set on the folded edge.
Fatten up the letters with the pencil and then cut out your name. Be careful not to cut apart any of your letters. Also, don't forget to cut out the openings in the letters and the areas along the folded edge. Glue the design onto another sheet of construction paper a bit different earthy color.
Cut out the name design leaving about a quarter inch border. Again, don't forget to cut out the openings of the letters then glue this onto your cardboard Gope board. Choose a border design from your patterns sheet and decorate with earth color such as browns, ochre, sienna, black and white, avoid blue and green.
Use markers or oil pastels. Apply a different pattern to your name design. For fun, choose some Papua New Guinea images to decorate the empty spaces of your board. Finish it off with some bundles of raffia and remember to have fun.


text:
In this tutorial we use a PIR motion sensor to detect human presence. With a Python script on your Raspberry Pi, we monitor if motion is detected. When you have completed this tutorial, you will be able to connect the HC-SR501 sensor to your Pi via the GPIO pins. You'll also have the basic code to convert the output signal of the sensor to useable information in your Python script.
What you'll need for this tutorial
First, you need to have a Raspberry Pi 3 running on the latest version of Raspbian. This version includes "Thonny". We'll use this user-friendly IDE to write our Python code. If you're not familiar with Python or with Thonny or GPIO-pins, I suggest to have a look at our tutorials "First Python program on the Raspberry Pi" and/or "Raspberry Pi first program using GPIO" to have a quick introduction.
Next you'll need some extra hardware:
- a breadboard (we are using a 400 points breadboard)
- an HC-SR501 PIR motion sensor
- Dupont jumper wires
- a T-cobbler (optional)
- a 40 pin GPIO cable (optional)
If you miss any equipment, don't hesitate to visit our shop. We have a nice kit which contains all the things you need tot start.
The HC-SR501 PIR motion sensor
PIR stand for Passive Infrared Detection. The sensor measures variations of infrared light. As we all emits infrared light, the infrared variations will be detected by the sensor when we move in front of the sensor. When this happens, the sensor will set the output to high. As the high output signal is 3,3V, the output signal can be directly connected to a GPIO input pin of the Raspberry Pi.
The module can be configured as follows:
- Jumper set: The jumper is used to control the trigger mode. When the jumper cap is at the "L" position, the mode is set up as "unrepeated trigger mode", which means when the module is outputting an HIGH voltage because of human motion it will not be triggered again even if another human motion is detected. When the jumper cap is at the "H" position, the module is setup as "repeated trigger mode", which means the delaying time will be recalculated when a second human motion is detected during its delaying time.
- Sensitivity adjust: to adjust the detection range
- Time Delay Adjust
Some modules are not equipped with jumpers but have 3 contacts instead. In this case, you have to connect the middel contact with a soldering iron with either the "L contact" or the "H contact".
Setting up the hardware part
Before starting connecting wires on the GPIO pins of your Raspberry Pi, make sure you properly shut down the Pi and removed the power cable of the board!
- connect the 40 pin cable on the GPIO pins of your Pi (if necessary, remove the cover of your Pi first)
- plug the cobbler onto the breadboard as shown in the figure above or below
- plug the other end of the 40 pin cable in the T-cobbler
- connect the VCC pin of the sensor with a 5V pin (red wire)
- connect the OUTPUT pin of the sensor to pin 23 (yellow wire)
- connect the GND of the sensor to a GPIO GND pin (black cable)
Writing the code
The aim of this tutorial is to write a very simple Python script that allows us to visualize when motion is detected. To write the code, we use the Thonny IDE. You can find Thonny under the application menu of your Raspberry Pi.
Write or paste following code in the IDE:
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
PIR_PIN = 23
print('Starting up the PIR Module (click on STOP to exit)')
Some explanations about the code:
GPIO.setmode (GPIO.BCM): The GPIO.BCM option means that we are referring to the pins by the "Broadcom SOC channel" number, these are the numbers after "GPIO"
GPIO.setwarnings (False): We use this line of code to avoid warning messages.
GPIO.setup(PIR_PIN,GPIO.IN): We define the PIR-pin (= 23) as an input pin
time.sleep(1)We wait for 1 second to settle the sensor
while True:is an infinitive loop (until we stop the program)
- Be careful, Python is whitespace-sensitive. Don't remove the "tab" before the code line after the while command.
if GPIO.input(PIR_PIN):if the PIR-pin is high (sensor has detected movement)
time.sleep(1)Waiting for 1 second before we start the loop again
When you are done with the code, click on the Run button. You will see a message on the screen when the sensor detects movement.
To stop the program just click on the STOP button.
Congratulations! With this setup you can integrate motion detection in your code. You can further use the script to process the result in an application where you want to monitor human presence. Have fun with it!


text:
I wanted to create a Part 2 to the PowerPoint Sketched Outline tool and share a more advanced shape consideration with using the Sketched outline styling. In this case, what happens when you use the Merge Shapes tools to create a new shape – and those shapes already have the Sketched outline styling applied?
1. For this demo, I am inserting two 2 PowerPoint shapes
2. Apply a Sketch Styling to both shapes
3. Then combine them by using the PowerPoint MERGE SHAEPES "Union"
4. The new shape, which looks great, does have the Sketched outline permanently applied. Selecting the straight line optioncannot be selected to revert it back to smooth/straight lines.
5. The way to avoid this permanent styling is to pre-plan. Before merging the two shapes together change the outline to the smooth/straight outline. Then re-apply the sketched outline styling to the new (merged) shape.
Troy @ TLC


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I'm writing an application which must log information pretty frequently, say, twice in a second. I wish to save the information to an sqlite database, however I don't mind to commit changes to the disk once every ten minutes.
Executing my queries when using a file-database takes to long, and makes the computer lag.
An optional solution is to use an in-memory database (it will fit, no worries), and synchronize it to the disk from time to time,
Is it possible? Is there a better way to achieve that (can you tell sqlite to commit to disk only after X queries?).
Can I solve this with Qt's SQL wrapper?
share|improve this question
3 Answers 3
up vote 6 down vote accepted
Let's assume you have an on-disk database called 'disk_logs' with a table called 'events'. You could attach an in-memory database to your existing database:
ATTACH DATABASE ':memory:' AS mem_logs;
Create a table in that database (which would be entirely in-memory) to receive the incoming log events:
CREATE TABLE mem_logs.events(a, b, c);
Then transfer the data from the in-memory table to the on-disk table during application downtime:
INSERT INTO disk_logs.events SELECT * FROM mem_logs.events;
And then delete the contents of the existing in-memory table. Repeat.
This is pretty complicated though... If your records span multiple tables and are linked together with foreign keys, it might be a pain to keep these in sync as you copy from an in-memory tables to on-disk tables.
Before attempting something (uncomfortably over-engineered) like this, I'd also suggest trying to make SQLite go as fast as possible. SQLite should be able to easily handly > 50K record inserts per second. A few log entries twice a second should not cause significant slowdown.
share|improve this answer
If you're executing each insert within it's own transaction - that could be a significant contributor to the slow-downs you're seeing. Perhaps you could:
 - Count the number of records inserted so far
 - Begin a transaction
 - Insert your record
 - Increment count
 - Commit/end transaction when N records have been inserted
 - Repeat
The downside is that if the system crashes during that period you risk loosing the un-committed records (but if you were willing to use an in-memory database, than it sounds like you're OK with that risk).
share|improve this answer
A brief search of the SQLite documentation turned up nothing useful (it wasn't likely and I didn't expect it).
Why not use a background thread that wakes up every 10 minutes, copies all of the log rows from the in-memory database to the external database (and deletes them from the in-memory database). When your program is ready to end, wake up the background thread one last time to save the last logs, then close all of the connections.
share|improve this answer
Because then I need to create the logs, remember which part of the log I already saved, maintain the background thread, and largely speaking implement synchronization myself. That's possible, but I want to avoid that. – Elazar Leibovich Jun 22 '10 at 20:31
Let me know how you eventually solve this. – Craig Trader Jun 24 '10 at 1:05
Your Answer


text:
Level: ECE, Primary, Junior
Grades: PreK-5 | Age: 2-11yrs | Written by: Andrea Mulder-Slater
[Andrea is one of the creators of KinderArt.com]
Students will use leaves and twigs to create figures.
What You Need:
What You Do:
- Leaves (all shapes, all sizes, all colors).
- Small twigs.
- Construction paper (diffferent colors).
- Have a look at a small pile of leaves to see if their shapes suggest heads, arms, bodies etc.
- Choose some leaves that resemble people parts and glue the shapes down on construction paper. You may need to do some cutting and rearranging to come up with a pleasing shape.
- If you have the leaves (and the time) you could create a huge leaf person by drawing out a body shape and gluing leaves all over to fill in the shape.
- You can use twigs and construction paper scraps to add details to your leaf person.
This content has been printed from:


_USER_{Yan2012Efficient, abstract = {This paper proposes efficient estimators of risk measures in a semiparametric GARCH model defined through moment constraints. Moment constraints are often used to identify and estimate the mean and variance parameters and are however discarded when estimating error quantiles. In order to prevent this efficiency loss in quantile estimation, we propose a quantile estimator based on inverting an empirical likelihood weighted distribution estimator. It is found that the new quantile estimator is uniformly more efficient than the simple empirical quantile and a quantile estimator based on normalized residuals. At the same time, the efficiency gain in error quantile estimation hinges on the efficiency of estimators of the variance parameters. We show that the same conclusion applies to the estimation of conditional Expected Shortfall. Our comparison also leads to interesting implications of residual bootstrap for dynamic models. We find that these proposed estimators for conditional Value-at-Risk and expected shortfall are asymptotically mixed normal. This asymptotic theory can be used to construct confidence bands for these estimators by taking account of parameter uncertainty. Simulation evidence as well as empirical results are provided.}, address = {London}, author = {Yang Yan and Dajing Shang and Oliver Linton}, copyright = {_URL_ doi = {10.1920/wp.cem.2012.2512}, keywords = {C14; C22; G22; 330; Empirical Likelihood; Empirical process; GARCH; Quantile; Value-at-Risk; Expected Shortfall}, language = {eng}, number = {CWP25/12}, publisher = {Centre for Microdata Methods and Practice (cemmap)}, title = {Efficient estimation of conditional risk measures in a semiparametric GARCH model}, type = {cemmap working paper}, url = {_URL_ year = {2012} }


text:
I am currently working on a project that uses an IR LED and a photodiode in a proximity sensor configuration (shown below). My question is, I have read some sites that state that your human body reflects IR light transmitted by the IR LED hence when you touch or move your hand close to the proximity sensor the circuit will activate. But other sources say that the human body does not reflect IR light but rather refracts it. So which is correct does the IR light emitted by the IR LED gets reflected or refracted towards the photodiode when your finger or hand moves closer to the sensor?
The second part I noticed is that even if the IR LED is removed the sensor still activates because our bodies do also emit radiation which the photodiode can detect. Provided the threshold voltage is low enough. So then what's the point of having an IR LED in the circuit if the circuit already activates when a finger gets closer to the circuit, or am I understanding this wrong?
N.B The circuit I built is going to be used to detect when a finger or hand gets closer to the sensor.


text:
|Budget Amount *help
¥2,100,000 (Direct Cost : ¥2,100,000)
Fiscal Year 1992 : ¥1,000,000 (Direct Cost : ¥1,000,000)
Fiscal Year 1991 : ¥1,100,000 (Direct Cost : ¥1,100,000)
The purpose of this study is to newly develop an algebraic stress model (ASM) and to establish the efficient numerical scheme for solving the fundamental equations of incompressible flow in curvilinear coordinate, in order to perform the numerical analysis of turbulent flow of engineering interest in high Reynolds number using the practical timeaveraged turbulence model.
First, to overcome the defect of ASM used previously, the algebraic representation for the Reynolds stress was derived to express the anisotropy mainly appeared in turbulent shear flow, the isotropization and the decaying process in free turbulent flow, so that the new ASM has been proposed. In this derivation, the algebraic procedure of the transport term was followed based on the transport equation for the Reynolds stress. As a result, it becomes clear that the term including the history effect on the Reynolds stress plays an important role. In the present model, therefore, such a defect of the previous model that the
non-physical solution giving the instantaneous isotropization for the anisotropic turbulence without shear is inevitably resulted in, has been dissolved by taking account of the history term. Next, to clarify the validity of the present model, the verification was made using the reliable data-base for the homogeneous anisotropic turbulence obtained by the direct numerical simulation. It is indicated that the time evolution of the Reynolds stress can be predicted well, especially the Reynolds shear stress which has not yet been predicted even qualitatively by the previous model can be reproduced very well by the present model. The useful knowledge related to the history effect was obtained and a guide to computation of complex turbulent flow field was able to be provided.
On the other hand, the implicit SMAC scheme using the curvilinear coordinate grid, which has been developed by the present researchers, was extended to apply to unsteady 3-D flow. Performing the large-scale numerical simulation beyond a million grid points, the structure of unsteady flow through 3-D backward-facing step duct was clarified. And the present scheme is verified to be compatible and efficient one as a computational code for the turbulent flow analysis. Less


text:
Lignin-fueled photoelectrochemical platform for light-driven redox biotransformation†
The valorization of lignin has significant potential in producing commodity chemicals and fuels from renewable resources. However, the catalytic degradation of lignin is kinetically challenging and often requires noble metal catalysts to be used under harsh and toxic conditions. Here, we report the bias-free, solar reformation of lignin coupled with redox biotransformation in a tandem structure of a BiVO4 photoanode and perovskite photovoltaic. The tandem structure compensates for the potential gap between lignin oxidation and biocatalytic reduction through artificial Z-schematic absorption. We found that the BiVO4-catalyzed photoelectrochemical oxidation of lignin facilitated the fragmentation of higher molecular weight lignin into smaller carboxylated aliphatic and aromatic acids. Lignin oxidation induced photocurrent generation at the photoanode, which enabled efficient electroenzymatic reactions at the cathode. This study successfully demonstrates the oxidative valorization of lignin as well as biocatalytic reductions (e.g., CO2-to-formate and α-ketoglutarate-to-L-glutamate) in an unbiased biocatalytic PEC platform, which provides a new strategic approach for photo-biocatalysis using naturally abundant renewable resources.


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Definition: Ray or bundle of rays or point which lie or lies close to the optical axis. * How near may be determined by how accurately Gaussian optics describe the rays' behaviour: if they do, the rays are paraxial, within the permitted errors. * It may also be taken that the aperture is extremely small. * Also called first-order optics or Gaussian optics.
Previous Term: parallel scanning Next Term: parfocal


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We have designed and built a compact, low-cost automated system to measure the optical absorption coefficient of air. Because most of the light absorption is due to black carbon, this method is a direct measure of the amount of black carbon in the atmosphere. The equipment was used to measure absorption over a period of one year in a central area of Santiago. Our results show a strong correlation with the daily traffic pattern. The highest value of the absorption coefficient during most of the year occurs during the morning rush hour (0700–0800), and the lowest value either early in the morning (0300–0500) or in the afternoon (1400–1700). The absorption coefficient also shows a strong dependence with the season of the year, with values 10–20 times higher in winter than in summer. The data show that, during most of the year, the amount of black carbon present in the atmosphere is due to traffic. At night, during winter, the high concentration of black carbon is due to the temperature inversion effect.
© 2000 Optical Society of America
[Optical Society of America ]
(_PHONE_) Atmospheric and oceanic optics : Aerosol detection
(_PHONE_) Atmospheric and oceanic optics : Air pollution monitoring
(_PHONE_) Atmospheric and oceanic optics : Atmospheric transmittance
Ernesto Gramsch, Luis Catalán, Isabel Ormeño, and Guillermo Palma, "Traffic and Seasonal Dependence of the Light Absorption Coefficient in Santiago de Chile," Appl. Opt. 39, 4895-4901 (2000)


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Back to help contents.
Creating a Problem
There are three ways to create a problem in the Neural Networks Applet.
- Load a Sample Graph (with data)
This is the way to load a prebuilt neural network. You can load from a set of sample problems, or load from a URL. Take note
that this expects a file with both data and graph information. This will return an error if there is
On the menu bar, select File->Load A Sample Graph and Data. A dialog will pop up with a choice of sample problems. Choose one.
On the menu bar, select File->Load Graph and Data From URL. Type in the URL of the neural network file, and click load.
- Load Data
This is the way to load a comma-delimited data file and create a network to solve it. You can load from a set of sample
problems, or load from a URL. This will split the data equally into the training and test sets.
On the menu bar, select File->Load Sample Data. A dialog will pop up with a choice of sample problems.
On the menu bar, select File->Load Data From URL. Type in the URL of the data file, and click load.
- Create the Neural Net and the example set manually.
Click the Create mode tab to display the Create panel. Select the Create Node button and click on the canvas to
create at least two nodes. Then, select the Create Edge button and connect the two nodes by clicking on the parent
node and then clicking on the child node. The applet will automatically determine which nodes are input, output, or hidden.
It is required that the neural net be completely connected - thus an input node has to be connected to all the nodes of
its children's layer (whether hidden or output).
For the neural net to learn, you must give it training examples. To add training examples, click the View/Edit Examples button to open the Edit Examples dialog box. Click the
'Add New' button
on the dialog, and the applet will query you for one example. Add an example.
Solving A Problem
Click the Solve mode tab to go to Solve mode. Click Initialize Parameters to reset the learning of the applet. There
are three ways to perform backpropagation in the Neural Networks applet.
- Step through the process one step at a time by clicking the Step button.
- Step through the process 50 steps at a time by clicking the Step 50X button.
- Allow the applet to solve to a preset minimum error (.1 by default) by clicking the Step To Target Error button.
When performing multiple steps, you can stop stepping by clicking the Stop button
To show the error plot, click the Show Plot button. To get an output given a set of inputs, click the Calculate
Output button and enter the desired inputs. The inputs given are NOT added to the test or training sets. Also, these
inputs do not affect the learning of the network in any way.


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Dynamic Substructuring (DS) is a powerful engineering concept to model and analyse dynamic systems in terms of its components or substructures. It derives from the ancient principle of "divide and conquer" ("divide et impera"), which suggests that large problems are most effectively governed by dividing them into smaller parts and choosing the best approach for each. Dynamic Substructuring does just that: it allows to model each component using the most qualityand cost-effective technique and "substructure" their dynamics together. This way, one can simulate the sound and vibration behaviour of the full assembly (the end-product), long before any physical prototype is available.
With Dynamic Substructuring, insights on full-vehicle NVH performance can be obtained much earlier, as already-available components can be measured and substructured to FE models of the rest of the vehicle.


REWE Sustainability Program
REWE Sustainability Program
Risk Assessment on Social Practices
GRASP is an additional module to GLOBALG.A.P that covers social aspects. LACON can offer the GRASP Module in combination with GLOBALG.A.P certification.
GRASP is directed towards the social practices concerning the workers employed by the operation. Some of the aspects taken into consideration are: How are complaints managed? Do the workers know their rights? Are minimum wages and working hours abided by?
GRASP can only be applied in those countries in which a national interpretation exists.
Further information and current forms can be found under Downloads or on the GLOBALG.A.P website.


Quick Answer: What Does It Mean To Be Buck?
What does Buck mean in slang?
The definition of a buck is slang for a dollar, or an adult male animal, often with antlers..
What is a buck 50?
The Urban Dictionary defines a buck 50 thusly: A tear inflicted by a cutting instrument (e.g. a knife or a box cutter) in the skin of the cheek from one corner of the mouth toward the lateral ear. … After the fight, Mikey took out a knife and gave him a buck 50.
Whats does F mean?
How many bucks make a dollar?
Conversation Table (with latest exchange rate)BUCKS [SwagBucks]USD [US Dollar]1 SwagBucks=7.424252 US Dollar2 SwagBucks=14.848503 US Dollar3 SwagBucks=22.272755 US Dollar5 SwagBucks=37.121258 US Dollar7 more rows
What does Buck mean on Snapchat?
just money"Dollar (or just money)" is the most common definition for BUCK on Snapchat, WhatsApp, Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. BUCK. Definition: Dollar (or just money)
Is Buck and Dollar same?
Is bucks a slang word?
We have a lot of slang terms for money in the U.S. While the meaning behind some of these terms may seem obvious, it's less intuitive for others. "Bucks," which has become synonymous with "dollars" in modern vernacular, is one example of the latter.
What is a female deer called?
Buck DoeAnimal Names: Male, Female, and YoungAnimalMaleFemaleCatTomQueenCattleBullCowChickenRoosterHenDeerBuckDoe16 more rows
What does buck down mean?
Informal (chiefly U.S. and Canadian) to resist or oppose obstinately.
How did a dollar became known as a buck?
As the video explains, the exact origin of the term isn't 100% clear, but strong evidence suggests that people started calling dollars "bucks" in the 1700s likely thanks to deer; specifically, with the trading of deerskins. Deerskins were commonly used as a form of currency at the time.
What does a buck and a half mean?
one hundred dollars; a bet of one hundred dollars. He'd go a buck and a half apiece for as many as I could get…
What does it mean to get buck?
verb. to get crazy, go wild. The locals get buck at the skatepark.
What does it mean when a girl bucks?
unattractiveunattractive. That girl is buck. See more words with the same meaning: unattractive, ugly.
How much money is a buck 50?
Buck is a slang word for dollar, so "a buck fifty" means $1.50. cash (=money in bills and coins) I have $84.05 in cash.
What does it mean to buck your eyes?
Having bad or speckled eyes.
What is the meaning of 20 bucks?
Twenty bucks is an amount – a bet or wager – and is therefore singular. It means ' I have a twenty dollar note here which bets that …. … If it is a $20 bill,, the singular.
What is $1000 called?
$1000 notes are occasionally referred to as "large" ("twenty large" being $20,000, etc.). In slang, a thousand dollars may also be referred to as a "grand" or "G", "K" (as in kilo), or a "stack", a "bozo", as well as a "band".
Does a buck mean 100?
What position is the buck?
The BUCK position is a hybrid linebacker/defensive end somewhere between 6-foot-2, and 6-foot-5 and about 230 to 260-pounds. When the defense goes to a 3-man front the BUCK lines up off the ball in an outside linebacker spot, and when they show a 4-man front the BUCK lines up as a defensive end.


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The metrics message producer shown in Figure 3–3 receives information from the metrics generator at regular intervals and writes the information into messages, which it then sends to one of a number of metric topic destinations, depending on the type of metric information contained in the message.
Message Queue clients subscribed to these metric topic destinations can consume the messages and process the metric data contained in the messages. This allows developers to create custom monitoring tools to support messaging applications. For details of the metric quantities reported in each type of metrics message, see Chapter 20, Metrics Information Reference, in Sun Java System Message Queue 4.3 Administration Guide. For information about how to configure the production of metrics messages, see Chapter 4, Using the Metrics Monitoring API, in Sun Java System Message Queue 4.3 Developer's Guide for Java Clients and Using the Message-Based Monitoring API in Sun Java System Message Queue 4.3 Administration Guide.


Roller-Coaster Ride Revs Heart Rate
Riding a roller coaster is a rush for the heart, sending
heart rates soaring as the roller-coaster ride loops, twists, climbs, and
Doctors from Germany's University Hospital of Mannheim report that news in
The Journal of the American Medical Association.
Juergen Kuschyk, MD, and colleagues aren't against roller-coaster rides. But
they suggest that the spike in heart rates during roller-coaster rides might be
something for roller-coaster riders with heart disease to keep in mind.
The doctors tracked the heart rates of 55 healthy men and women before,
during, and after riding the Expedition GeForce roller coaster at the Holiday
Park in Hassloch, Germany.
The roller-coaster riders wore electrodes that tracked their heart rate and
heart rhythm, starting at least five minutes before the ride and ending at
least five minutes after the ride.
Before the roller coaster took off, participants' heart rates averaged 89
beats per minute. That pace picked up in a major way when the two-minute ride
First, the roller coaster slowly climbed for 30 seconds, reaching a height
of about 203 feet.
During that ascent, the riders' heart rates took off, reaching their biggest
increase of the entire ride. Chalk that up to anticipation, note Kuschyk and
The roller coaster's initial climb was followed by a series of free falls,
upside-down passages, and several sharp curves.
The riders' average heart rates spiked to 155 beats per minute during the
ride, calming down a bit to 109 beats per minute at the end of the ride.
Compared with men, women had faster heart rates throughout the
roller-coaster ride. Women's average heart rate reached 165 beats per minute,
compared with 148 beats per minute for men.
The researchers also checked the riders' blood pressure before and after the
The riders' average systolic blood pressure (the first number in a blood
pressure reading) rose by 19 points. Their average diastolic blood pressure
(the second number in a blood pressure reading) rose by five points.
Harmless changes in heart rhythm were recorded up to five minutes after the
ride in 24 riders (44% of the group), according to Kuschyk's team.
"Although the arrhythmias observed in our study of healthy individuals
were benign, the magnitude of increase in heart rates raises the possibility of
risk for individuals with underlying cardiac disease," the doctors
By Miranda Hitti
Reviewed by Louise Chang
B)2005-2006 WebMD, Inc. All rights reserved
Live Video
Watch CBSN Live


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5.1 The Likely Impacts of High Bandwidth Networks on the Turkish Economy
According to the National Broadband Vision Study of Turkey,*
through fostering broadband development the Turkish economy could gain US$ 4.9-10
billion extra value added each year thereby boosting its economic growth by 0.8-1.7
percentage points. This economic momentum enabled by an enhanced broadband ecosystem
would bring 180,000-380,000 new jobs and provide new income opportunities. This
implies that employment creation in new broadband-related activities would eventually
compensate for job loss due to process optimization and structural displacements.
Through help of a toolkit* the Broadband National Vision Study
reports to find a significant growth impact for the Turkish economy fueled by broadband
enhancing public policies. In the baseline growth scenario Turkish economy would
take off by an annual rate of 5.0 per cent as depicted in Figure 5‑1, and it would reach the US$ 1,216 billion GDP
level by the end of 2023.
Under the broadband enhancing growth scenario in which a set of active government
programs to boost broadband impact are introduced, the economic growth forecast
is much faster, with an additional 2.3 percentage points, reaching to 7.3% on annual
basis. Government policies targeting enhanced broadband infrastructure and ecosystem
will boost economic growth significantly. By 2023 the Turkish economy would have
a GDP at USD 1,652 billion rather than USD 1,216 billion of the baseline scenario.
This is a GDP level 36% greater than the baseline. It may accurately be called the
The broadband effect encompasses two distinctive categories: Industry benefits (measured
as USD 289 billion during 2010-2023) comprising of the overall broadband productivity
impacts within and beyond the ICT industry; and pillar effects (measured as USD
147 billion during 2010-2023) which might directly be associated with broadband
enhancing policies of the government. Since industry benefits are nearly two times
larger than pillar benefits for Turkish economy, broadband enhancing policies should
trigger a multiplier effect within the economy and their indirect impacts could
potentially outpace the direct effects.
The study also analyzes detailed impacts of enhanced broadband polices on different
economic sectors, the so called pillar effects. Pillar effects can be decomposed
into different sectors as follows:
- 7 per cent of total
pillar effects will come from revitalized small/medium business;
- 6 per cent contribution
will arrive from improved government services;
- 4 per cent to come
from the benefits of broadband-enabled education;
16 per cent to come from
a more attractive business environment;
- 67 per cent to come
from other sectors, as well as multi-factor productivity and the benefits of collaboration
across the economy.
Figure 5‑1 Base line and
broadband enhanced growth scenarios, Real GDP2009=100
Analyses indicate forecast benefits from increased ICT adoption by the SME sector
will be large and e-government applications would provide a significant amount of
contribution through cutting costs and improving productivity. Another important
policy area that should be focused is education. The main benefit seems to be improvements
in the general business
environment. Under the broadband enhanced scenario policies to foster the business
environment, 16 % of total pillar effects will come from improvements in the business
framework alone. The largest one is the multiplier effect. Broadband adoption will
bring benefits diffusing beyond the ICT sector through channels of multifactor productivity.
5.2 Factors Contributing to Turkey's Broadband Development
E-government initiatives have been a major driving force for development of the
broadband ecosystem. Turkey has implemented a highly motivated e government program
that created the necessary demand for enterprises in the ICT sector and motivated
citizens for increased Internet usage. In this regard Turkey has demonstrated an
interesting example that countries with relatively lower level of Internet penetration
and usage ratios can exploit e-government programs as a means to ignite development
of the broadband ecosystem.
Ensuring a shared vision among political leaders and technocrats has also been an
important factor in pushing e-government programs. Since the coming of the new national
government into power in 2002, political leaders saw e-government as a central instrument
that would support public reforms and larger changes in the political system. A
central organizational structure was formulated to develop strategies and put public
money into the pipeline for a set of strategically important projects with high
value and a high transaction volume.
The EU candidacy of Turkey and the membership negotiation process has provided a
good opportunity for the country to reform its ICT and broadband legal and regulative
frameworks. This process helped bureaucrats and top-level managers get closer to
European institutions, policies and initiatives, and market developments in these
The high tempo growth of Turkish economy in the last decade is another factor supporting
in the Internet revolution. The new national government has implemented ambitious
market oriented reforms complemented with a proactive foreign policy which resulted
in large sums of overseas capital flowing into the country. Communications, software
and hardware segments of ICT industries have expanded rapidly.
Figure 5‑2 Turkey connectivity
performance by scorecard component, 2010
5.2.1 Lessons learned
The Connectivity Scorecard is a composite index to assess the relative development
level of ICTs (Figure
Turkey was found to have a robust consumer infrastructure due to its high mobile
and PSTN penetration and also the recent progress in broadband networks. It also
scores strong on consumer usage and skills metrics such as frequent Internet usage
and uptake of voice services. According to the Scorecard the country's business
infrastructure is above average, with high penetration of secure Internet servers,
and substantial business investments in ICT. Turkey also impresses on government-related
metrics such as government spending on ICT and provision of government services
However the Scorecard points out that Turkey ranks somewhat poorly in business usage
and skills, where its score is considerably lower than one might expect given the
state of its business infrastructure. Turkey has made considerable progress in developing
a robust ICT infrastructure but its weaker usage and skills scores indicate that
the country is yet to fully realize its benefits. Therefore, it needs to place greater
effort on ensuring the adoption and diffusion of ICTs to leverage competitive power.
Turkey faces a strategic opportunity in terms of broadband infrastructure development.
The majority of the national broadband network is based on slower speed connections
which do not optimally support advanced applications of next generation connectivity
such as e-education, e-health, etc. There are signals suggesting the current broadband
network has become somewhat overloaded.
To enhance a rapid take up of high bandwidth broadband networks the government should
play a more effective and active role. First and foremost is ensuring effective
regulation. The public stake in the incumbent operator should not prevent authorities
from enforcing rules for fostering competition in the broadband market. Secondly,
Turkey should design a complete and integrated broadband strategy for coordinating
various individual pieces in the same direction.
To enable increased ICT and broadband adoption by businesses the government should
exercise greater efforts to design effective programs and incentives. In particular
skill gaps should be identified and adequately addressed with participation of private
The lack of a suitable national accounting framework for more detailed analysis
hinders international benchmarking in most emerging policy areas notably ICTs and
innovation. Turkey should take measures to address this problem and ensure reliable
and timely indicators are developed and made available to the public.


ZF-3792: joinUsing() produces wrong SQL
$db->select()->from('A')->joinUsing('B', 'colname')
Should produce SQL syntax with the {{USING}} clause:
But it currently tries to guess at the tables being joined, and output a traditional equi-join:
SELECT * FROM A JOIN B ON A.colname = B.colname
This actually results in semantic problems in some queries, because Zend_Db_Select always assumes that a "Using" join is joining to the first table referenced in the query. This is not how the {{USING}} clause works in SQL.
$db->select()->from('A')->joinUsing('B', 'colname1')->joinUsing('C', 'colname2')
Should produce SQL syntax:
SELECT * FROM A JOIN B USING (colname1) JOIN C USING (colname2)
This should give the same results as this query:
SELECT * FROM A JOIN B ON B.colname1 = A.colname1 JOIN C ON C.colname2 = B.colname2
But in Zend_Db_Select, it produces the following SQL:
SELECT * FROM A JOIN B ON B.colname1 = A.colname1 JOIN C ON C.colname2 = A.colname2
Of course if table {{A}} has no {{colname2}}, this query returns an error.
If both {{A}} and {{B}} have a column named {{colname2}}, a query with {{USING (column2)}} is ambiguous, and should return an error. The SQL produced by Zend_Db_Select is not ambiguous, but it assumes that {{C}} is joined to {{A}}. This is in improper assumption.
Schema for above example:
CREATE TABLE A ( colname1 INT);
CREATE TABLE B ( colname1 INT, colname2 INT);
CREATE TABLE C ( coname2 INT);
SQL's {{USING}} clause actually knows which columns exist in which tables, and it decides which table you're trying to join based on which table has a column of the same name. So it knows that you intend to join {{C.colname2 = B.colname2}} because it knows {{B}} has a column {{colname2}}.
When multiple tables in the query contain a column of the same name, this is ambiguous and the semantics for {{USING}} can't guess what you intended. So it throws an error, which is the right thing to do.
Updating project management info: Minor, Should Have in Next Mini Release, assumed 2h of work.
I think that joinUsing should change to support USING like it should and at the same time it should support a joinOn. I spoke with Ralph about this issue and I came with a suggested implementation:
 public function joinOn($table, $onCondition) {
 if (strpos($onCondition,'') === false) {
 $onCondition = $this->_name. '.'. $this->_primary.'= '. $table. '.'. $onCondition;
 $this->... = 'JOIN '. $table.'ON ('. $onCondition. ')';
It's a pseudo-code... I'm not too focused on Zend Framework internals. So it's just an idea. Just a quick explanation:
The condition is there to support custom queries too. Examples:
$q->joinOn('B', 'column'); // JOIN B ON (A.column = B.column)
$q->joinOn('B','= B.column2'); // JOIN B ON ( = B.column2)
After speaking with [~ralph] on the issue, it was decided to close this as "Won't Fix" for these two reasons:
 - SQL Server and Sybase do not support USING clause
 - JOIN USING and JOIN ON differ in the way they return columns. ie: JOIN ON would have t1.col and t2.col in the result set, but JOIN USING would have only col, so references to t1.col or t2.col in the WHERE clause would fail.
More information here:…


Take the 2-minute tour ×
What is the lowest pressure at which plants can survive? How the plants behave in a Martian-type atmosphere? Is there any plant that can survive such atmosphere?
Can a lichen grow at Martian pressure?
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Are you referring to total air pressure or partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide? – Larry_Parnell Feb 29 '12 at 13:15
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1 Answer
I like your question!
Low surface pressure on Mars (averaging 600 Pa or about 1/170 of Earth's at sea level) is only one difficulty that an organism would have to contend with. In addition, mean surface temperatures are ~210 K (-63 C), the surface ultraviolet flux is extremely high (no ozone layer) and an aridity comparable to the Atacama desert. On the plus side, a 95% CO2 atmosphere might promote photosynthesis.
So, higher plants are extremely unlikely to prosper on Mars. Purely in terms of pressure, experiments suggest that at 1/10 Earth atmospheric pressure vascular plant transpiration increases significantly. So much so that they enter into a drought response which often leads to plant death.
However, lichens may be another matter. These are often adapted to low precipitation/pressure environments such as high mountains. Indeed, this article addresses exactly your question (sadly it is not open access). The authors suggest that the lichen Xanthoria elegans experiences no loss in vitality after 22 days exposure to laboratory Mars-like conditions (low pressure, low temperature etc.)!
Having skimmed this article I am frankly amazed (and slightly dubious) at the result. However, it should be noted that they only ran the experiment for 22 days, applied no ionising radiation (to simulate the high UV flux) and make little mention of the precise metabolic state of the lichen. If it has entered into cryptobiosis (cessation of metabolic processes) then it can't exactly be regarded as prospering.
 - de Vera et al., 2010, Astrobiology, 10, 2, Survival Potential and Photosynthetic Activity of Lichens Under Mars-Like Conditions : A Laboratory Study
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Take the 2-minute tour ×
I noticed that with the new messages' feature, chat messages seem to be archived (or at least those chat messages sent after activating the new platform). How does one tell the difference between one that was sent via chat window (at the bottom) versus the message inbox.
My current way to sort is by emoticons since friends tend to make emoticons more frequently than a message sent from the Inbox.
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1 Answer 1
up vote 2 down vote accepted
It kind of works like in Google Wave. If you're both online then if your friend sends you a message, you get a chat conversation and it is archived in your inbox. Regardless of where the message was composed, if both of you are online on chat then the recipient would receive it in the chatbox and the inbox. If one of you is offline, then it would go straight to the inbox.
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