co1numpp- "Number" property of pins and pads
create counter
The number (not name) of a pin or a pad is at the heart of how parts of KiCad work… although the name is important in some contexts.
Be careful to keep these two properties apart.
You may also find times when you are confusing a schematic symbol or footprint's name with a pin or pad name/ net name.
Each pin of a schematic symbol has a "number", which is the identifier which links it to a pad of a footprint on the final PCB design.
Each pad of a footprint (also known as "a module") has a "number", which is the identifier which links it to a pin of a schematic symbol on the project's circuit diagram in "ordinary" situations. (It is only when you using power ports and invisible pins that things get a little complicated.)
Pin and pad numbers may be numbers in the usual sense, e.g.1, 27, 9999. However, the "numbers" can have letters in them, too, not just digits. "Vcc" is the "number" of an invisible pin on some devices, for instance. Nothing other than letters and digits should be used in a pin or pad number.
(Each pin also has a name, and each pad has a net name, but these are used for other things.)
Invisible pins offer a little challenge. What is their number (and name)? Often you will "just know". There is help with how to find the pin number (and name) at the invisible pins page in this encyclopedia.
Pin/ pad number rules….
(You'll need this information when making your own schematic symbols and footprints, and even before that you may find things here useful.)
Maximum length: Four characters.
If you try to assign a longer name, KiCad just abbreviates what you've used.
(Minimum length: While the schematic symbol editor will let you make a pin with no number, this seems like a Very Bad Idea to me, and I have no idea why you would want to create such a pin, and the fact that you can do it at all puzzles me. (I should go back and re-run the tests which made me think it is possible!) Pins without names is a different matter. They do occur.)
Spaces: The eeSchema manual says "Avoid spaces in pin numbers and names". This would imply that you would also not want to use spaces in pad numbers.


2.1 - Opening and Closing | LabJack
« Close
Datasheets and User Guides
App Notes
Software & Driver
2.1 - Opening and Closing
Open a LabJack device to communicate with it. Close it to allow other processes to open it.
Either LJM_Open or LJM_OpenS must be used to open a LabJack. The LJM_Open and LJM_OpenS functions will detect a LabJack connected to the computer, and create a device handle. The device handle is then passed as an input to other functions.
 - LJM_Open - Open a device based on integer filter parameters.
 - LJM_OpenS - Open a device based on string filter parameters.
Use whichever is more convenient for you.
Use the Identifier parameter to open a specific device
The Identifier parameter of LJM_Open and LJM_OpenS optionally selects which device to open by serial number, IP address, or customizable device name. See Identifier Parameter for information.
USB connections are preferred - If ConnectionType is equal to LJM_ctANY (0), LJM_Open will attempt to open a USB connection before trying to open a TCP connection.
Device connections are claimed - Once a LabJack device is opened on a given connection type, other processes will generally not be able to open that same device using the same connection type until the device connection is closed by using LJM_Close or LJM_CloseAll.
Subsequent calls may return the same handle - Once a device is opened, subsequent calls to LJM_Open/LJM_OpenS will return the handle to that device if the DeviceType, ConnectionType, and Identifier parameters describe that device. In this case, calling LJM_Open or LJM_OpenS is nearly instant because no device communication occurs. For example:
LJM_Open(LJM_dtANY, LJM_ctANY, LJM_idANY,...)
// If this returns a handle to a T7, with serial number 470010729, connected via USB...
LJM_Open(LJM_dtT7, LJM_ctUSB, "470010729",...)
//...then this would return the same handle, without opening a new device connection
//...and these would attempt to open a new device connection and return a different handle:
LJM_Open(LJM_dtANY, LJM_ctANY, "470010999",...) // Different serial number
LJM_Open(LJM_dtANY, LJM_ctETHERNET, "470010729",...) // Different connection type
Devices like the T7 may have multiple device connections at once. The following calls would each return a different device handle:
 - LJM_Open(LJM_dtT7, LJM_ctUSB, "470010729",...)
 - LJM_Open(LJM_dtT7, LJM_ctETHERNET, "470010729",...)
 - LJM_Open(LJM_dtT7, LJM_ctWIFI, "470010729",...)
Reconnection is automatic - If LJM detects a broken connection, it will automatically attempt to reconnect. If the reconnect is unsuccessful, LJM will return the errorcode LJME_RECONNECT_FAILED. When this happens, many applications can simply retry calling the function that returned LJME_RECONNECT_FAILED with the same parameters. For more details, see the reconnection page.
Using an IP Address as the Identifier parameter is efficient - In order to open a TCP device with a specific serial number or name, LJM will communicate with all LabJack devices on the network, asking each for their serial number or name. In contrast, opening a TCP LabJack device by IP address will only send packets to that IP address, which is faster and more efficient. Setting up static IP addresses can be troublesome, so use what is appropriate for you application.
Specific IPs will be checked - Specific IP addresses may be defined, which LJM will try to open during every Ethernetor WiFi-based Open or ListAll call.
Closing a handle will remove the associated device connection from the LJM library. Closing will both free the device to be opened again, and free allocated system resources.
 - LJM_Close - Close a specific device connection, based on the handle number.
 - LJM_CloseAll - Close any/all open device connections.
Devices are closed automatically when LJM is unloaded - When the LJM library (.dll,.dylib, or.so) is unloaded, it will automatically close all devices.
Device Not Found?
If a device isn't properly being found, some important debugging information can be found in our Device Not Found? App Note. If a network connection needs to be debugged, read through our Setup WiFi and Ethernet App Note as well.


text:
Office of Urban and Off-Campus Support Services (U-ACCESS)
The University of Massachusetts Boston (UMass Boston) believes that the well-being of our students is critical to their academic success and timely graduation. Recognizing and addressing the complex challenges our students face is no small task. The Office of the Vice Chancellor of Student Affairs has seen the various non-academic challenges our students encounter on a daily basis, which has led to the establishment of the Office of Urban and Off-Campus Support Services, otherwise known as U-ACCESS.
U-ACCESS employs a multi-disciplinary approach to assist students who are dealing with a multitude of issues. The office collaborates with on campus units and programs as well as off campus community service providers and state agencies around the Greater Boston areas.
The ultimate goal of U-ACCESS is to support students so that they can achieve academic success without being derailed by complex non-academic issues in their lives. Hopefully, with such support, these students will successfully complete their degrees at UMass Boston, stop the cycle of poverty and educational attrition, and improve their life choices and opportunities.
We support students who are experiencing:
- Temporary homelessness
- Emancipation from foster care
- Domestic violence including parental abuse
- Chronic poverty
- Chronic hunger
- Financial hardship due to the above
We offer students:
- Case management
- Information and resource referral
- A Food Pantry
Giving to UMass Boston
Support UMass Boston students who suffer financial and personal hardship, including poverty and homelessness through a gift to the U-ACCESS Program.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Effects of Interaction of Static Load and Frost on Damage Mechanism of Concrete Elements
Keywords:concrete, cyclic freezing and thawing, scaling, bending, fracture mechanics, interaction
AbstractFrost damage is typical material deterioration in concrete structures subjected to external environmental conditions. However, the weather conditions do not make the sufficient factor causing the worsening of the concrete properties. Concrete structures with frost damage in service are subjected to loadings. The investigation was carried out with the primary objective to assess the influence of interaction of mechanical load and freeze-thaw cycles on damage process of concrete. The salt scaling process was observed for beam specimens subjected to cyclic freezing and thawing in third-point loading condition. The damage development due to internal cracking was monitored using fracture mechanics parameters.


text:
Okay, so maybe this is a dumb question, but I'm going to go ahead and throw it out there simply because I'm curious.
What exactly is the difference between say IUPUI and Harvard (Don't point out the obvious, I'm well aware of the primary differences). My question is in regards to the education.
I go to IUPUI and have always wondered, what exactly is the educational difference? Take for example the following.
If I was taking a math class at IUPUI, and had the following equation.
2x = 6. Solve for x.
At IUPUI, the answer would be 3.
At Harvard, the answer would also be 3.
If students are taking classes that teach the same material, why pay thousands of dollars more for Harvard than for IUPUI, Ball State, IU, Purdue or anywhere else? Are students simply paying for prestige? Granted, Harvard and schools like it are known for law and other specialties, but in regards to basic type courses, why pay much more for the same material?
I know that isn't college level math, but that's just a simple example. Math does not change, ever, regardless of school/professor. So what is the difference exactly between Harvard, Princeton, Yale/others and your "normal" university/college?
Any input is appreciated. I've always just been curious about this for some time.


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Field accessors in Java
In Java world, we are so accustomed to writing getters and setters for our fields, that the advice by Effective Java Item 14: In public classes, use accessor methods, not public fields sort of goes without saying. All major IDEs help us here: they generate getters and setters, so that it is not that hard to produce a class like this:
Most of the lines in this class are pure boilerplate code.
Getting rid of field/get/set triples
In Kotlin, there's no way to declare a field. All you have is properties. Read/write properties are declared with the var keyword, and read-only ones – with val keyword. Thus, the class above can be rewritten as follows:
public class Address() { // parentheses denote a _primary constructor_
 public var name : String = ...
 public var street String = ...
 public var city : String = ...
 public var state : String? = ...
 public var zip : String = ...
Here we have five mutable properties, each of which has a backing field that stores the value, and two accessors: getter and setter. Thus, the byte-code generated from this class will be almost equivalent to the one for the Java class above. The only difference will be property initializers, see Null-safety.
(For even better option look here).
To use a property, one simply refers to it by name, as if it were a field in Java:
fun copyAddress(address : Address) : Address {
 val result = Address() // there's no 'new' keyword in Kotlin = // accessors are called
 result.street = address.street
 // ...
 return result
Declaring properties and accessors
The full syntax for a mutable property declaration is as follows:
var : [= ]
The initializer, getter and setter are optional. Property type is optional if it can be inferred from the initializer or from the base class member being overridden.
 : Int? // error: explicit initializer required, default getter and setter implied
var initialized = 1 // has type Int, default getter and setter
var setterVisibility : String = "abc" // Initializer required, not a nullable type
 private set // the setter is private and has the default implementation
Note that types are not inferred for properties exposed as parts of the public API, i.e. public and protected, because changing the initializer may cause an unintentional change in the public API then. For example
public val
 = 1 // A public property must have a type specified explicitly
The full syntax of an immutable property declaration differs from a mutable one in two ways: it starts with val instead of var and does not allow a setter:
val simple : Int? // has type Int, default getter, must be initialized in constructor
val inferredType = 1 // has type Int and a default getter
We can write custom accessors, very much like ordinary functions, right inside a property declaration. Here's an example of a custom getter:
val isEmpty : Boolean
 get() = this.size == 0
Since this property is purely derived from others, the compiler will not generate a backing field for it.
A custom setter looks like this:
var stringRepresentation : String
 get() = this.toString()
 set(value) {
 setDataFromString(value) // parses the string and assigns values to other properties
Backing fields
As we mentioned above, some properties have backing fields, i.e. from the client's point of view, a property is a pair of accessors (or just one getter), but physically the accessors may read and write data from/to a real field. One can not declare a field explicitly in Kotlin, the compiler figures it out for us.
In the simple cases, when we do not provide custom accessor implementations, it is obvious that a property must have a backing field, otherwise what should the default accessors do in the following case?
var counter : Int = 0
But when there is a custom accessor, it may or may not rely on a backing field.
To access a backing field of a property x, one says $x (the dollar sign cannot be used as a part of an identifier in Kotlin):
var counter = 0 // the initializer value is written directly to the backing field
 set(value) {
 if (value >= 0)
 $counter = value
The $counter field can be accessed only from inside the class where the counter property is defined.
The compiler looks at the accessors' bodies, and if they use the backing field (or the accessor implementation is left by default), a backing field is generated, otherwise it is not.
For example, in the following case there will be no backing field:
val isEmpty : Boolean
 get() = this.size > 0
The backing field is not needed because the only accessor does not refer to it.
What if I want to do...?
If you want to do something that does not fit into this "implicit backing field" scheme, you can always fall back to having a "backing property":
private var _table : Map? = null
public val table : Map
 get() {
 if (_table == null)
 _table = HashMap() // Type parameters are inferred
 return _table ?: throw AssertionError("Set to null by another thread")
In all respects, this is just the same as in Java since access to private properties with default getters and setters is optimized so that no function call overhead is introduced.
Overriding properties
See Overriding properties.
Best practices related to this feature
J. Bloch. Effective Java Second Edition
See also: JavaBeans
Similar features in other languages
Java IDEs generate accessors automatically.
For Java, there's Project Lombok : the syntax for properties is based on Java annotations.
In C#, Groovy Beans and Gosu one still writes getters and setters alongside their backing fields that are declared explicitly, although the access looks like property access. Scala does not distinguish between a field and a property, but to customize a setter one needs to write a separate function named by convention.
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 1. Jul 21, 2011
 One comment says: "there's no 'new' keyword in Up"
 Was the language once called Up or am I missing something?
 1. Jul 22, 2011
 Yes. And before that it've been called Jet
 2. Jul 22, 2011
 That comment is fixed. Thanks
 2. Jul 22, 2011
 That example stretches the semantic of "immutable" too much.
 When i see immutable field, i expect that if i will create a local copy of it that local copy will be always equal to the original field.
 1. Jul 22, 2011
 True. That's why Kotlin doesn't have fields and has properties instead.
 3. Jul 22, 2011
 Will properties be real objects with a literal syntax for looking them up like in Gosu and Fantom? Or will they just be two methods as in Scala?
 1. Jul 22, 2011
 Both. There's hash syntax, that returns an instance of Property class. Very useful for binding frameworks indeed.
 4. Jul 23, 2011
 Is there a way to provide public getters only? Think of fields that should be readable by anyone (public) but
 you want to keep control over its modifications (so private/protected for writing).
 For example, to keep some invariants or to do some further actions upon modifications.
 This is a feature I am missing in other languages a lot.
 1. Jul 23, 2011
 There's an example above. Basically, you say
 var foo : Int
 private set
 Also, the accessors can have bodies.
 1. Jul 23, 2011
 Oh, I missed that when reading the example. Awesome!
 5. Jul 23, 2011
 I'm a bit disappointed


What is the meaning of Rayfield?
Rayfield \ray-fiel(d), ra-yfie-ld\ is a boy's name. It consists of 8 letters and 2 syllables.
The baby boy name Rayfield is pronounced REYFIYLD (*). Rayfield is of English origin. The name's meaning is'stream in the field'. A variant transcription of Rayfield is Rayfeld.
The name Rayfield in reverse order is "Dleifyar".
(*) English pronunciation for Rayfield: R as in "race (R.EY.S)" ; EY as in "ate (EY.T)" ; F as in "fee (F.IY)" ; IY as in "eat (IY.T)" ; L as in "lay (L.EY)" ; D as in "day (D.EY)"
List of baby names Rayfield:
Rayfeld and Roosvelt.
The baby name Rayfield fun facts:
The numerological value of the name Rayfield is number 8.
Number 8
English is origin of the name Rayfield
English is origin of the name Rayfield


'Kaleidoscope' is a visual response to the work of Philip K. Dick.
This piece experiments with the process of collage; using found imagery - predominantly from botanical textbooks.
Philip K. Dick was a science fiction novelist whose work examines social and political themes, metaphysics and altered states. Continually questioning reality, Dick often explored paranoia, schizophrenia and drug abuse. Inspired by psychedelic and optic art, this piece is a kaleidoscopic collage influenced by Philip K. Dick and particularly 'A Scanner Darkly'.
Hand-cut collage.


text:
The Refinery Process Additives Market is expected to reach $1,364.73 million by 2023
Americas dominates the Refinery Process Additives Market
Americas dominates the Refinery Process Additives Market during the forecast period. It is expected to generate $9,268.95 million by 2023. The market is enhanced by growing demand for oil and gas in the recent years. The discovery of shale oil fields in the region has driven the demand for oil and gas which results in the use of refinery process additives in the region. US had a major share of 46% in Americas total oil production in 2015. North America has seen a rise in the oil production due to the discovery of shale and oil resources.
Selected Analysis done in the full Report:
The Demulsifier segment in 2016 had reached revenue of $114.78 million. It is expected to generate revenue of $185.02 million by 2023 at a CAGR of 6.1%. Demulsifiers are emulsion breakers which are used to separate emulsion such as water and oil. Demulsification is the process of splitting crude oil emulsion into oil and water phase. Crude oil in the reserve is found with water. Hence, water in oil emulsions is formed during the process. Demulsification has two steps namely flocculation and coalescence. Flocculation is the process of joining the droplets together to form aggregates or flocculation. In coalescence, the water droplets fuse together to form a large drop, which decreases the number of water droplets. The high density of the droplets causes the separation of water from oil.
Excerpts on Market Growth Factors
- Increasing crude oil production will spur the demand for refinery process additives.
- Increasing preference for non-toxic corrosion inhibitors will drive the growth of the Refinery Process Additives Market.
- Increasing fracking operations will uplift the demand for refining process and growth in additives. Fracking is a process of drilling and injecting the fluid into the ground at a high pressure to obtain fissures in the shale rock. This process releases the natural gas which is trapped inside the rocks.
Key players of the Refinery Process Additives Market
Nalco Champion and Clariant AG are the dominant players in the Refinery Process Additives Market. Nalco Champion provides solutions for corrosion prevention, gas treatment, hydrogen sulfide scavengers, etc. Clariant AG has launched the SCALETREAT FES scale inhibitor which can prevent the formation of scales and damage in the refining applications.
- Refinery Catalyst Market: By Components (Zeolites, Metals, Chemicals and Others) By Application (Hydroprocessing, Fluid Catalytic Cracking, Alkylation and Others); By Geography - Forecast(2018 - 2023)
- Defoamers Market: By Type (Silicone Defoamer and Non-silicone Defoamer); By Applications (Pulp & Paper, Textiles, Paints & Coatings, Oil & Gas, Food and beverage, Lubricants and Others); By Geography - Forecast (2018-2023)


Mechanical transmission. Mazda 6 (since 2002 of release)
Mazda 6 since 2002
1. Operation and car maintenance
2. Engine
3. Transmission
3.1. Coupling
3.2. Mechanical transmission
3.2.1. General information
3.2.2. Check and oil replacement in a mechanical transmission
3.2.3. Removal and installation of the sensor of a speedometer of the car (without anti-blocking system of brakes)
3.2.4. Epiploon replacement (differential)
3.2.5. Removal and installation of the mechanism of gear shifting
3.2.6. Coupling case, dismantling of elements of a case of the main transfer
3.2.7. Check and assembly of components of differential and case of the main transfer
3.3. Automatic transmission
3.4. Driving mechanism
4. Running gear
5. Steering mechanism
6. Brake system
7. Onboard electric equipment
8. Body
3.2. Mechanical transmission
«previous page Removal, check and coupling installation
following page»
3.2.1. General information


text:
Brent Council says:
Byron Court primary school is included in the Councils School Expansion programme, which is being delivered to accommodate the increasing number of children living in the borough. As a planning condition, the Council is proposing to introduce a local road safety scheme in the surrounding roads near the school. Details of the scheme and the area affected are shown on the enclosed drawings.
The aim of the scheme is to:
Improve road safety for motorists, pedestrians and cyclists and particularly for vulnerable road users
Prevent obstructive and dangerous parking at the school gates
Better manage traffic flow and reduce vehicle speed
Improve crossing facilities for pedestrians


Sunlight hits the tracks.
Why does hot weather cause severe rail disruption?
Sunlight hits the tracks.
Soaring temperatures in the UK in July led to rail operators putting in place speed restrictions due to the risk of tracks buckling.
When do tracks buckle?
How does Network Rail prevent buckling?
Where a stretch of track is composed of short rail sections bolted together, gaps are left to allow for expansion.
Does this happen in other countries?
Network Rail said other nations choose a higher stress temperature limit for their tracks, depending on the climate.
Countries with extreme weather conditions adjust their tracks between summer and winter, the company said.
This can include inserting concrete slabs which can better contain track forces than sleepers and ballast.
Network Rail's website said that the "variations in short-term weather and long-term climate" in Britain mean "it is neither practical nor cost-effective" to implement such measures permanently.
It said solid concrete slab tracks costs about four times as much to install as standard ballasted track.
The company also said that stress-proofing Britain's rail track to the levels of hot countries would also create "the risk of increased tension on the rails in the winter".
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About the Author
Sam Hewitt
Let off some steam...


text:
The impact of the Food for Life Partnership
Independent research, summarised in a new report 'Good food for all' reveals the success of five years of the Food for Life Partnership. The Partnership is working with over 4,500 schools and communities across England to transform food culture. The evidence from three independent research studies focuses in particular on four main areas of impact: children's health, tackling inequalities, improving education, and local enterprise and sustainability.
Good food for all
Read about the impact of the Food for Life Partnership in its first five years of funding by the BIG Lottery.
Download our evaluation report
Hear from Food for Life Partnership schools
Good for improving education
- More than twice as many FFLP primary schools received an Ofsted rating of outstanding following their participation (37.2% compared to 17.3% outstanding pre-enrolment). Headteachers reported a positive impact on pupil behaviour, attention and attainment.
- Inspectors have recognised the positive role of FFLP in supporting personal development and wellbeing: 67.1% of schools felt the programme had a clear impact on their Ofsted report in terms of pupils' personal development and well-being.
Good for children's health
- The programme is associated with changes in eating habits, with an increase in the proportion of primary school-age children reporting eating five portions of fruit or vegetables a day by 5 percentage points to 21% (those reporting eating four or more portions rose by 12 percentage points to 49%). And 45% of parents said the family is eating more vegetables, with 43% switching to healthier and more sustainable choices in the shopping basket.
Good for tackling inequalities
- Disadvantaged pupils are benefiting: over a two-year period, free school meal take-up went up 13 percentage points in FFLP schools, 20.9% in secondary schools, and by 21% across the board in schools achieving our Silver or Gold award. Nationally, over 20% of primary school pupils and 30% of secondary school pupils eligible for healthy free school meals choose not to eat them for reasons including fear of stigma and the lure of fast food outlets.
Good for local enterprise and sustainability
- School meal take-up rose by 5 percentage points over two years, making them more cost effective
- Over £3 in social, economic and environmental value was created for every £1 spent on Food for Life menus, mostly in the form of new jobs in the local economy.
The independent evaluation team:

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Quick Answer: What'S This Song Called?
Can Siri identify songs?
What are female singers called?
Can you hum a song to Shazam?
Shazam is also built-in to Siri, so you could just ask Siri what a song is and she'll tell you. The downside to Shazam is that it requires the original song to identify, so you can't just hum or sing into it, and tagged songs can't be bookmarked for later reference.
How do I get Google to identify a song?
On your phone, touch and hold the Home button or say "Hey Google." Ask "What's this song?" Play a song or hum, whistle, or sing the melody of a song. Hum, whistle, or sing: Google Assistant will identify potential matches for the song.
What is that song App?
ShazamWhen you want to know "what is that song" playing at a bar, club or party, Shazam will identify it for you in a matter of seconds. What's more, you can use it on Android, iPhone, and Windows Mobile phones. The only disadvantage with Shazam is that it doesn't identify tunes by humming.
How can I find a song by humming?
Can Siri identify a song by humming?
Apple Siri and Google Voice Assistant You can activate the voice assistant by saying Siri or OK Google. Then say 'What song is this'. … If you are using a Windows Phone, Microsoft's Cortana can also perform a similar search and help you recognize songs by humming.
Can't find a song I heard?
Use Shazam or MusicID. These are popular apps that analyze sounds and identify songs from their database of recordings. If you've got Shazam on your phone and hear a song you can't identify and don't know anything about, activate the app and hold it toward the audio source and wait for a result.
What are 4 singers called?
A group of four singers or instrumentalists is called a quartet or quartette (French: quatuor, German: Quartett, Italian: quartetto, Spanish: cuarteto, Polish: kwartet). A quartet can also be a composition for four instruments or voices.
What is that song called?
SoundHound can listen to you sing the song you want to identify. SoundHound does pretty much everything Shazam does and even more. Just like Shazam, SoundHound can tell you what song is playing at the tap of a button. But let's say that song you just heard ended before you could whip out your phone and open Shazam.
How do I identify a song?
Google built song identification into the Google search app on Android. Arguably part of Google Now, identifying songs is one of the many "OK Google" voice commands you can use on Android. To identify a song, you can just say "OK Google, what is this song?"—provided you have the OK Google feature enabled.


Lake Wind Advisory:
Lake Wind Advisories are issued when sustained winds of 25 knots or greater are expected for several hours during the first 12 hours of the forecast. Typically wind forecasts are expressed in ranges. Thus for example a wind forecast of 15 to 25 knots, or 20 to 30 knots would both constitute advisory level conditions. Winds of this magnitude typically create choppy to rough water in exposed areas, leading to potentially hazardous conditions for those operating small craft.


text:
Minimum Number of Distinct Eigenvalues of Graphs
Electronic Journal of Linear Algebra
Symmetric matrix, Eigenvalue, Join of graphs, Diameter, Trees, Bipartite graph, Maximum multiplicity
The minimum number of distinct eigenvalues, taken over all real symmetric matrices compatible with a given graph G, is denoted by q(G). Using other parameters related to G, bounds for q(G) are proven and then applied to deduce further properties of q(G). It is shown that there is a great number of graphs G for which q(G)=2. For some families of graphs, such as the join of a graph with itself, complete bipartite graphs, and cycles, this minimum value is obtained. Moreover, examples of graphs Gare provided to show that adding and deleting edges or vertices can dramatically change the value ofq(G). Finally, the set of graphs Gwith q(G) near the number of vertices is shown to be a subset of known families of graphs with small maximum multiplicity
Ahmadi, Bahman; Alinaghipour, Fatehmeh; Cavers, Michael S.; Fallat, Shaun; Meagher, Karen; and Nasserasr, Shahla, "Minimum Number of Distinct Eigenvalues of Graphs" (2013). Mathematics Faculty Articles. 75.


San Francisco Public Library
The Sisters Brothers Read-Alikes
If you enjoyed The Sisters Brothers, you might like some more intense historical fiction. Check out:
book cover
Lyndsay Faye
book cover
Gerald Kolpan
Kolpan envisions the remarkable life of beautiful, elusive, and refined Etta Place, who captivated the nation at the turn of the last century as she dodged the law with the Wild Bunch, led by Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid. Her true identity and fate have remained a mystery that has tantalized historians for decades.
book cover
Dennis Lehane
In 1926, during the Prohibition, Joe Coughlin defies his strict law-and-order upbringing by climbing a ladder of organized crime that takes him from Boston to Cuba where he encounters a dangerous cast of characters who are all fighting for their piece of the American dream.
book cover
Lois Leveen
Based on a remarkable true story of Mary El, the tenacious Virginian slave turned spy, The Secrets of Mary Bowser is an inspiring tale of one daring woman's willingness to sacrifice her own freedom to change the course of history.
book cover
Lloyd Shepherd


text:
A rigging plan is developed every time a heavy load is being lifted. The basic idea behind a rigging plan is to have control and establish safety precautions. It is an important planning process that will identify all hazardous situations that might be encountered during lifting.
Types of Rigging Plans
The first step when conducting a rigging safety plan is to identify the type of lift. There are three major classifications of lifting plans: Critical lifts, ordinary lifts, and pre-engineering lifts. Depending on the type of lift, then the rigging plan will have different concepts under evaluation to determine the steps needed to complete a safe rigging and lifting process.
Rigging and Lifting Plan Components
Once the evaluation process has determined the type of rigging and lifting plan needed, you will need to identify and gather information on the following components:
- The rigging equipment
- Shackles, turnbuckles, and slings being used
- The weight being lifted
- Center of gravity of the load being lifted
- Crane capacity and crane charts
- Height, width, and length of the lift
- Atmospheric and environmental conditions when the process is being performed
- Edges and corners of the load. It is important to evaluate all the geometry of the item being lifted
- Sling angles
- Load angle factor
- Floor loading capacity
- How to rig the load using good rigging practices
- Identify and make sure that the attachment points and load can withstand the forces created by the rigging gear attachment
- Work zone safety
- Evaluate hazards to determine consequences resulting from a collision, upset, or dropping the load
Ordinary lifts are the easiest ones to handle. They will normally require a verbal planning process and preliminary lifting and rigging meetings. Only a minimal documentation and evaluation process is needed, but always being sure that all safety precautions are been taken.
Critical lifts need a more detailed plan before execution. This process will normally require a written procedure and approval process.
These are the most challenging ones to deal with. They will require specific rigging points, lifting procedure and identification of components that will probably need to be managed separately, to avoid problems, and minimize potential issues.
Rigging Plan Execution
Once the plan has been established, you will need to follow it closely to reduce the probability of an accident. It is important to
- Verify all equipment, fixtures, and accessories before starting
- Verify that all equipment has been properly inspected and that such inspections are valid.
- Identify a load manager or a rigging leader. It can be your safety professional or ordinary lifts, assign a designated leader; for critical lifts, assign a person-in-charge (PIC)
- Conduct a pre-use inspection and verify that all components are in good condition.
- Conduct a dummy rigging process following the pre-established rigging plan.
- Be sure to identify and train all workers participating in the process.
- Clear or prepare the area where the load is being placed or moved
- Survey the lift site for hazardous or unsafe conditions
- Clear lift path of obstructions
- Identify the crane operator
- Follow specific instructions/procedures for attachment of the rigging gear to the load. Use proper rigging techniques.
- Stop the job when any potentially unsafe condition is recognized


What minimum information is required before I can calculate a payroll deduction?
For each type of payroll deduction calculation (Regular Salary/Pension/Bonus/Retroactive Pay/Commission), there are different required information fields that must be completed by the user before a payroll deduction calculation can be done. For all types of income except Commissions, the user must specify a Pay Period definition - i.e. weekly, bi-weekly, semi-monthly, etc. For ALL calculations, the user must also specify the Quebec TP1015_3V - Total Claim Amount. For Commission income, the user must specify additional information from the commissioned employee's federal TD1X form. Any required information for a payroll deduction calculation will be documented in the QPTL documentation included with the QPTL API/SDK package. The user must ensure that valid information is provided in these required fields before sending requests to the QPTL library method(s).
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A key topic in multicontroller strategies is the mechanism for switching between controllers, depending on the current operating point. The objective of the switching mechanism is to keep the control action coherent. To help students understand the switching strategy involved in multicontroller schema and the relationship between the system dynamics and the switching structure, this paper proposes a student practical where basic linear control knowledge and a simple switching strategy are applied to an educational nonlinear control problem, that of controlling the level in a tank. Evaluation provided by the students is also included.


Enjin to promote equality as high-ranking UN Global Compact member
NFT blockchain company Enjin (ENJ/USD), a pioneer in its field, has become the first NFT platform to join the United Nations Global Compact. Enjin joins as one of the highest-ranking members, which is Participant. Membership in the organization, which offers guidance in environment, human rights, and labour, comes with a serious commitment to equality and sustainability.
Enjin's remarkable accomplishments in environmental protection
Enjin's achievements in decarbonizing NFTs on Ethereum (ETH/USD) are nothing short of remarkable. The company joined the Crypto Climate Accord and launched JumpNet, an eco-friendly blockchain, to support the Global Compact's ninth Principle directly. This places emphasis on the diffusion and development of eco-friendly technologies. The blockchain consumes just 0.01% of the energy that Ethereum does, which remains the network NFTs most commonly use. Enjin is also developing the Polkadot-based (DOT/USD) Efinity, a sharded Proof of Stake parachain.
Irakli Beridze, Head of the UN AI and Robotics Centre, welcomed the partnership, saying:
"We are excited to work with Enjin to explore how blockchain and NFTs can contribute to the fulfilment of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. While we are struggling to recover from the global pandemic and its impacts, we are experiencing exponential growth of technologies like AI and blockchain. More than ever, we need to take advantage and harness the potential of these new technologies to ensure that we are better equipped and more united in the future, in order to make our planet a more liveable, equitable place for all."
Enjin will explore ways for NFT tech to become the monetization and financial backbone to combat climate change and deploy permission-less access to NFT markets to eliminate inequalities between different countries, making it possible for NFT users and creators to compete with equal standing across the globe.
Enjin CEO Maxim Blagov commented the development:
The company's membership comes against the backdrop of the understanding that social and environmental sustainability is key to unlocking trillions in value in the near future. Enjin has addressed highly publicized criticism against NFTs on account of their carbon footprint by establishing a detailed plan to enable carbon-neutral NFTs and releasing JumpNet.
The post Enjin to promote equality as high-ranking UN Global Compact member appeared first on Invezz.
Publication date:
07/20/2021 - 13:06


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Murkowski: Stevens Trial Among Justice Department's "Darkest Moments"
WASHINGTON, D.C. – Senator Lisa Murkowski today submitted a statement for the record (attached in its entirety) in a hearing of the Senate Judiciary Committee focused on the independent investigator Henry Schuelke's report on the prosecutorial misconduct surrounding the trial of Senator Ted Stevens.
Senator Murkowski addressed the misconduct of the Department of Justice prosecution team, her recent legislation that would attempt to eliminate future unethical prosecutions – and the lingering questions surrounding the Justice Department's decision to not pursue charges against key witness Bill Allen.
Some key excerpts from her statement include:
- "Mr. Schuelke's report, released to the public on March 15, 2012, chronicles what I believe will be recorded by history among the darkest moments in the Justice Department's 223 year history. It is important that its conclusions be reviewed and thoroughly considered by legislators, policy makers and judges."
- "It is too late to do justice to Senator Stevens or the people of Alaska. But we must do justice to the Constitution."
- "This affront to our Constitutional system is hardly trivial. If a standing United States Senator can be treated this way, and the Justice Department can nearly get away with it, just think what happens every day to the ordinary citizen – oftentimes a small business person – who finds himself or herself trapped in the federal criminal justice system."
- The term "government overreach" is frequently uttered in Washington and in our home states. We often understand the term to refer to differences regarding the proper role of government in the regulation of businesses and our personal lives. The conduct of Justice Department prosecutors in the trial of Senator Stevens raises the concept of "government overreach" to new heights. For this example of "government overreach" threatened not only the good name of a fine individual but also his freedom."


Tel. +358 537 55 244
Cages to use in inland and coastal waters and open sea are made of sections and installed in required size on site.
The size and amount of floating pipes are dependent on the size of the cage and the conditions of the surroundings. For the harsh open sea conditions the cages can be made of even 3 floating rings, which increase the floating capacity and endurance.
kassi2Normally the cages are made with 2 floating rings. The modules between the floating pipes include footboard for the maintenance. One of the floating pipes is normally filled with styrofoam to ensure the fluctuation in case of any damages.


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The Question:
Is it correct to say "the chicken salad made me nauseous," meaning that it made me feel sick to my stomach? My friend says that this would mean that it made me disgusting.
The Answer:
Your friend is not alone. A number of usage guides insist that "nauseous" can only mean "causing nausea." Week-old chicken salad would be nauseous, they say, and it makes you nauseated.
These usage guides are outdated.
The use of "nauseous" to mean "feeling sick" appears to have originated in New York City shortly after World War II. Despite the best efforts of teachers and other prescriptivists, it is now a completely standard meaning. To quote Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of English Usage, "Any handbook that tells you that nauseous cannot mean 'nauseated' is out of touch with the contemporary language. In current use it seldom means anything else."
With that said, if you wish to play it safe, there is a simple set of alternatives. Use "nauseating" for things that make you sick and "nauseated" for feeling sick.
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Makaryev Fair (Russian: Макарьевская ярмарка) was a fair in Russia held annually every July near Makaryev Monastery on the left bank of the Volga River from the mid-16th century to 1816. Following a massive fire in 1816, it was moved to Nizhny Novgorod, but for some decades thereafter it still was commonly referred to as Makariev Fair. It attracted many foreign merchants from India, Iran, and Central Asia.
This fair was a commerce centre to sell up to half the total production of export goods in Russia. The fair ceased in 1929. A society named Nizhegorodskaya yarmarka (Russian: Нижегородская ярмарка, Nizhny Novgorod fair) was created in 1991 with its headquarters in the former main fair building. However, today it is not actually a fair, but an exhibition center.
- Munro-Butler-Johnstone, Henry Alexander, A trip up the Volga to the fair of Nijni-Novgorod, Oxford: J. Parker and co., 1876.
- Fitzpatrick, Anne Lincoln, The Great Russian Fair: Nizhnii Novgorod, 1840-90, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan, in association with St. Antony's College, Oxford, 1990. ISBN 0-333-42437-9
- Jules Verne, "Michael Strogoff: The Courier of the Czar" — This historical novel contains an interesting description of the fair at Nizhny Novgorod.
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Nizhny Novgorod Fair|


text:
Until 31st May you can collect cards to scratch which offer various gifts and prizes.
You can win cards in the following ways:
- The first time you log in each day
- When your horse wins competitions (2 per day)
- Buying them in the Flash Sales (you can buy a maximum of 1 card in each type of sale every 3 days)
- Exchanging duplicate cards (costs 5 diamonds and you can only exchange 1 per day. However you are guaranteed not to get another duplicate)
Apparently there may be more ways to get cards (possible involving HoPs!) later on in the contest.
The first set of cards are called the Collector Cards. These cards give you prizes as soon as you scratch them - for example equus, BM items, saddlery or even the Divine horse Mars.
The second set of cards are called the Puzzle Cards. There are 7 puzzles to complete and you have to collect all 5 cards from each puzzle before you get your gift. The puzzles are as follows:
- The Desert Puzzle. Prize: Philosopher's Stone
- The Forest Puzzle. Prize: 20,000e
- The Jungle Puzzle. Prize: Morpheus' Arms
- The Meadow Puzzle. Prize: 5 x diamonds
- The Savanna Puzzle. Prize: a Knabstupper (a new breed of horse)
- The Mountain Puzzle. Prize: 5th element
- The Hiking Puzzle. Prize: Poseidon's Pack
If you complete all the puzzles you win a Treasure Chest containing a new wild horse - the Camargue.
You get to your cards by clicking on 'The Cards' link at the top of any page. From that page there is then a link to the Flash Sales.
PLEASE NOTE. To scratch a card you rub your mouse over it. If you are having trouble seeing or scratching your cards it may be that you don't have flash on your computer. For example if you are playing on an iPad or iPhone you will not be able to scratch your cards.


text:
Brooklyn Museum Identifies Maryann's Statue
Remember the statue Sam picked up at Maryann's house in True Blood's season premiere? He remembered it from his encounter with Maryann as a 17-year-old, too. Clearly that statue is significant, but what's the big deal? The Brooklyn Museum has some clues: they have a similar statue in their collection, called "Bird Lady". This statue dates back to around 3500 B.C.E. in Egypt. The symbolism, function, and identity of the figure are not certain; however, similar female figures painted on vessels from the same era appear to be goddesses, because they are always larger than the male "priests" shown with them.
Is this a clue that Maryann is a goddess? Is she 5000 years old? Or is it just another antique she likes to display?


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Cohomology and fundamental classes
Given an oriented manifold $M$ and an oriented submanifold $\phi:N\to M$ we can obtain a homology class $\phi_*[N]\in H_*(M)$ where $[N]$ is the fundamental class of $N$. In general, it is not true that every homology class of $M$ can be represented by a submanifold in this manner, however for some special cases it is.
For example, for $M$ an oriented (and closed maybe?) 4-manifold every homology class can be represented by a submanifold. Another example is when $M$ an Euclidean configuration space.
My questions are:
1) Under what circumstances can every homology class of $M$ be represented by a submanifold and
2) What are some examples of manifolds who have homology classes not representable in this manner?
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marked as duplicate by Kevin H. Lin, Ryan Budney, Loop Space, Andy Putman, Reid Barton Apr 14 '10 at 19:31
This is a duplicate, no?… – Kevin H. Lin Apr 13 '10 at 3:57
Yes, duplicate question and a question that has very good and well known answers in the literature. – Ryan Budney Apr 13 '10 at 6:43
Well it's not exactly the same question. The other question asks what is generated by images of fundamental classes of submanifolds. This question asks what is the image of the fundamental classes of submanifolds. – Don Stanley Apr 13 '10 at 6:59
The original post seems to be closer to what I was looking for. Thanks for the link and sorry for the repost. – Steve Apr 13 '10 at 12:43
3 Answers 3
up vote 19 down vote accepted
Here are a few simple answers to the question you asked:
 1. Every class in $H_{n-1}(M;Z)$ for $M$ orientable is represented by a submanifold: choose a smooth map $f:M\to S^1$ representing the Poincare dual in $H^1(M;Z)=[M,S^1]$ and take the preimage of a point. In dimensions>2 it can be taken connected.
 2. Similarly, every class in $H_{n-2}(M;Z)$ for $M$ orientable is represented by a submanifold: choose a smooth map $f:M\to CP^\infty$ representing the Poincare dual in $H^2(M;Z)=[M,CP^\infty]$, homotop $f$ into a finite skeleton, say $CP^N$, and take the preimage of $CP^{N-1}$.
 3. Transversality says that if you can represent $x\in H_k(M)$ by a map of a smooth manifold (e.g. elements in the image of the Hurewicz map, or by Thom), and $2k < n$, then you can represent it by an embedded submanifold (as Andy mentions above). For example, any class in $H_1(M)$ for $dim(M)\ge 3$. With care you can also make this work for $2k=n$, and there are techniques available in the "metastable" range (no triple points) involving generalizations of Whitney's trick and other ways to replace double points.
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A weaker question replaces "homology class of an embedded submanifold" with $f_{\ast}([M])$ for some compact smooth manifold $M$ and an arbitrary continuous map $f:M \rightarrow X$. Once you give up looking at embedded submanifolds, there is also no reason to restrict yourself to $X$ being a manifold.
A lot was proven about this by Thom in his classic paper "Quelques propriétés globales des variétés différentiables", which is more famous for containing his work on cobordism theory. A few of the results contained in that paper are as follows.
1) Every mod $2$ homology class can be so represented.
2) Integrally, it is true for every class in $H_k$ for $k \leq 6$.
3) For every $k \geq 7$, there exist polyhedra $X$ and classes in $H_k(X)$ that cannot be so represented.
EDIT : One should also remark that the above is germane to the original question too in many cases. Namely, if $X$ is a smooth $n$-manifold and $M$ is a compact smooth $k$-manifold and $f:M \rightarrow X$ is arbitrary, then $f$ is homotopic to an embedding as long as $k < n/2$.
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If you really want a submanifold then I guess you can't always do it. For a closed manifold $M$ consider two times the fundamental class $2[M]$. It's easy to see you can't represent this class as a submanifold when $M=S^1$. Perhaps if you take any class in $a\in H_*(M)$ with nonzero self intersection, then $2a$ can't be represented as a submanifold?
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About your last sentence: as Paul notes, classes of codim 1 or 2 are always representable. In the codim one case, to double the homology class, compose a map to $S^1$ with the double covering of $S^1$ by itself. – Tim Perutz Apr 13 '10 at 13:46
_USER_: It depends on what you mean by "self-intersection" and whether you allow disconnected submanifolds. eg if you take twice the first generator of H1(T), then 2x\cdot 2x=0 but the curve t\mapsto (e^{4\pi i t},1) has self-intersection 1. But 2 parallel copies of x is an embedded, disconnected manifold that represents 2x – Paul Apr 13 '10 at 14:17
Thanks Paul and Tim for letting me know. – Don Stanley Apr 14 '10 at 12:31


text: Earth Day was celebrated on the 19th and 20th of April 2017 in a pompous manner, inside the school campus of Integrated Indian School. It was a great manifestation of environmental issues and highlighted the efforts that can be made to make a difference. On the 19th of April an Inter house Drawing and Colouring competition for primary section, a Poster Making and Slogan Writing competition for secondary and higher secondary section, was organized with the theme of 'Save Earth'. The students displayed incredible creative ideas. A special assembly was conducted on the 20th of April to commemorate the occasion of Earth Day. The assembly was preceded by Quran recitation and Kuwait National Anthem followed by a series of items presented by the students. The school choir presented a melodious song to mark the spirit of Earth Day. To emphasize upon the need to save The Mother Earth, tips of the day was given and an interesting skit was also performed by the students. The winners of Inter house Drawing and Colouring competition, Poster Making and Slogan Writing competitions were awarded with certificates and medals. Our esteem Directress Mrs. Anju Mehrotra and Respected Principal Mr. Arul Dharmaraj Thomas addressed the assembly which inspired the students and teachers by sharing their valuable thoughts and ideas. The celebration concluded with a pledge, taken by the students, teachers and staff members of the school to protect and save our depleting environment and Mother Earth by doing our bit.


text:
To establish a new relation (which is the foreign key in terms of database management):
- press the Create relation button on the New object toolbar;
- click the entity where the referential constraint should be created;
- click the referred entity;
- specify new foreign key properties using Foreign key Editor.
Hint: To create a relation, you can also use the corresponding item of the context menu.
Once the relation is created, it is displayed as a line between two entities in the diagram area. The style the line is drawn is determined by the diagram notation.


RTC Build Traceability with UrbanCode Deploy
There have been great developments in the past 12 months or so to improve the traceability between builds managed by RTC and UrbanCode Deploy.
 1. RTC build definitions now have built-in support for post-build deployment steps. If you use the Jazz Build Engine as your build engine, you can specify connection information and component information in the build definition itself to allow the build process to push a new version of the build result into a new component version. This is great and makes it simple and easy to accomplish getting your builds to the deployment engine. See Freddy's blog entry from about a year ago on this very topic for more details. There are of course some limitations to this feature. It assumes you want to push your build result into a single UrbanCode Deploy component. This is fairly unrealistic in that most applications of even modest complexity will most likely have more than one component in their application. If you build each component individually, then you are all set. However, if you have a single build file for the entire application (or for more than one component), this feature won't cut it. To solve this, you can always use the old tried and true method of adding ANT tasks to your build.xml to create a new component version and push the contents into that version.
 From a forward traceability perspective, RTC build results records also have links that you can add. A common practice is to create a link to the UrbanCode Deploy component that gets created.
 2. UrbanCode Deploy also has a feature that allows you to create links associated with component versions. These links can be URLs to anything you want, but the best use of this feature is to provide a link back to the build entries that produced the component version. In the case of RTC, a simple link to the build result record gives you that backward traceability. If you use another build engine like Jenkins, for example, you can also create another link that points back to the Jenkins job that produced the build.11-20-2014 12-03-08 PM
 And there are REST and command line API calls that allow you go GET and PUT links. This makes the creation of the link something you can do as part of the build step of pushing a new component version to UrbanCode Deploy.
So both RTC and UrbanCode Deploy have the ability to create and maintain links to and from build result records and component versions. But let's examine a bit closer how these links can be used to enhance the visibility of code as it walks down the release pipeline.
But first a quick aside. RTC has the concept of baselines and UrbanCode Deploy has the concept of snapshots. At some point in time someone needs to lay out some strategies on how these two concepts can be used together. The concept of a baseline in RTC collects together all of the code versions of all the files in all the selected components (RTC component here) into a single entity. This make sense to do at build time. At the same time, UrbanCode Deploy has the concept of a snapshot that essentially does the same thing but at a build output level. There may be additional components in a snapshot that don't have a corresponding build equivalent, but marrying the two concepts is something I hope the Rational development teams consider. Being able to build all components of an app, take an RTC snapshot of the code that corresponds to that build, push all the components into UrbanCode deploy as new component versions, and create a snapshot of the application with the new component versions seems like a logical thing to do. I am sure there are many scenarios where this simple case breaks down, but the concept is solid. Adding links to more element types in UrbanCode deploy will help make this a reality.
OK, now back to our story. We have the bi-directional traceability between RTC build results and component versions via links on either side. But as the components get deployed to new environments as they move down the release pipeline, there is no indication of that movement in the RTC build record. How can we make this happen? Let's build a plug-in.
The concept of the plugin is that each time a component version gets deployed to a new environment, let's put some type of indication in the build result record to indicate that it has been deployed to environment X. This way anyone observing the build result record will know how far into the release pipeline, if at all, the build output has made it. The easiest way to do this is to use the tag field of the build result record. Tags can be anything so let's add some tags to indicate deployment to environments.
In order to do this programmatically, we need to take advantage of the RTC Java API. For any release of RTC, you can get a zip file of the Java API jars that can be used to write java programs that manipulate RTC elements. There were a few jazz.net articles here and here that I used to help come up with the code I wrote. I also made the plug-in step that adds the tag a two step java plug-in (the plug-in calls a java program that then collects properties and then spawns another java process to do the work). This was for a specific reason. The code that does the work needs the RTC Java API jar files in its classpath. For the latest release of RTC, there are about 100 jar files that make up the classpath list. I didn't want to include that entire set in the plug-in. Therefore, I ask the user to provide a path to the directory that holds these jar files. I then spawn a second java process that includes this directory in its classpath. This also keeps the plug-in RTC version-independent as long as the Java API for builds doesn't change that much and it puts the onus on the user to get those jars.
So I created a plug-in step that adds a tag to the list of tags of an RTC build result record. The information needed for this step is relatively small: the RTC URL, a username and password, and the UUID of the build result record, and the tag to add. The java for this took a bit of time but again using existing examples made things much easier.
The other step in the plug-in that I created was getting the RTC build result ID from the component version link. The URL to an RTC build result looks something like this:
The id fragment at the end is the UUID of the build result record. So the plugin step needs to get the link from the component version, then parse that link to get the build record UUID, and then create an output property to hold that value so that the previously mentioned java step can use it. There is a REST API call that can be used to get the link from a component version. Groovy can then be used easily to parse the full URL and retrieve the id.
So here is a working example. I envision that at the end of a component deployment process you would add these two steps to update the build result record.
11-20-2014 2-10-24 PM
Here is the details for the first step, GetBuildId. It takes the parameters mentioned above. Using component name and version name properties makes this step dynamic. The link name comes from the process of creating the link through an ANT task when building the component. And the output property is simply whatever you want to call it.
11-20-2014 2-12-32 PM
Here are the properties for the second step. The RTC parameters are self explanatory. The build result record UUID is the property that is set by the previous step. And the Java API location is where the user has unzipped the RTC Java API files on the agent server. The tag value also uses the current environment name property so that this step works for any environment.
11-20-2014 2-15-43 PM
Both of these steps work in my environment without a hitch. If you are interested in trying it out, you can get the plug-in source code here in this IBM DevOps Services project. Let me know how it goes.
2 thoughts on "RTC Build Traceability with UrbanCode Deploy
 1. HI Darrell,
 I found this blog very interesting. I have a related question. Have you ever used the RTC Work Items plugins that ships with UCD? I am wondering how you get the work item ID into the steps included in this plugin. Is it a manual thing? Or is there a way to pass the work item id as part of the post-build deploy? I thought I could use build properties to set a component version property, but the former are immutable.
 Thanks for you thoughs.
 - Vincent,
 Yes, the RTC plug-in expects a work item ID in the property. How you get it there is up to you. You can manually enter it but that isn't practical. Or you could use the very same process that I am using here with a component version link. As part of the build process, you can add a link to your RTC work item via the command line method. Then use the exact same process I am using to retrieve the ID from the link create a step property out of the ID and then pass it to the RTC work item plug-in step the same way I am passing it to my custom step.
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The Sri Lankan Advanced Level (A-level), is a General Certificate of Education (GCE) qualification exam in Sri Lanka, similar to the British Advanced Level, conducted annually by the Department of Examinations of the Ministry of Education. It is usually taken by students during the optional final two years of collegiate level (Grade 12 and 13), after they have completed GCE Ordinary Level exams. The qualification also serves as an entrance requirement for Sri Lankan state universities. The exams are held in three mediums: Sinhala, Tamil and English.
The candidates are expected to study for 2 years at collegiate level before taking the examination. The examination diversifies over 5 major fields of study:
- Physical Science stream (Combined mathematics, Physics and Chemistry or information technology )
- Biological Science stream (Biology (Botany and Zoology), Physics or Agricultural Science and Chemistry)
- Commerce stream
- Arts stream
- Technology stream (Engineering Technology)
- Technology stream (Bio-system Technology)
In each stream, candidates are expected to face 3 subjects related to the specific stream. Additionally, there would be a General English test and a Common General test. Although the result of the General English test is not taken into account for the University Entrance selection criteria, candidates are expected to obtain a pass mark for the Common General test.
At Zahira College, Technology stream and agricultural science is not currently offered but Vocational stream is offered.
Results analysis available for:


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I am planning to create a maze game. I have no idea how can I create the maze. The first thing I do is to make a 1 png file for the maze. I would like to ask if it is possible to create just 1 image for the maze or do I need to create the maze by arranging its block one by one? enter image description here
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Consider using some kind of text format for building the maze. The most convenient way of declaring mazes would be to use lua itself, i.e. by building an array. The next step would be to generate the map to show it to user. I thing it would by a much simpler approach then to work with PNG images.
Your maze example can by divided into rooms with 4 walls/exits facing 4 directions. Have you considered building a two dimensional array of 16 values representing all combination of walls (different rooms)?
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What does a negative balance on my credit card account mean?
When you make a purchase on your credit card, your balance owing goes up and shows up as a positive balance on your statement.
However, a negative balance on your statement means that you have an additional amount credited to your account. You don't owe anything, and the negative balance will be applied towards your next purchase.
You may see a negative balance on your statement if:
 - you made a return on a purchase and received credit back
 - you paid more than your balance owing on your statement
Last updated July 4, 2020


text:
Have you ever heard of lewis Gratz Fell? If not, you're missing out on learning about an incredible trailblazer in the fields of law and social justice. Born in the early 19th century, Fell was a prominent attorney and activist who dedicated his life to fighting for the rights of marginalized communities.
His legacy lives on to this day, and his impact on the legal profession and the fight for justice cannot be overstated. In this article, we'll dive into the life and accomplishments of Lewis Gratz Fell, exploring how he paved the way for future generations of lawyers and activists. Get ready to be inspired by the story of a true pioneer in the pursuit of justice.
What is lewis gratz fell?
Lewis Gratz Fell was an influential lawyer and activist in the 19th century, who dedicated his life to fighting for justice and equality. Born in Pennsylvania in 1815, Fell grew up in a time when slavery was still legal in the United States.
Despite facing significant obstacles, he went on to become one of the first African American lawyers in the country, and his work had a significant impact on the legal profession and the fight for civil rights. Fell was an outspoken advocate for abolitionism, and he also supported women's rights and suffrage. He believed in the power of education and helped establish the first law schools in Pennsylvania, paving the way for future generations of lawyers.
Overall, lewis Gratz Fell was a trailblazer whose legacy lives on today. His contributions to the fight for justice and equality continue to inspire and inform the work of activists and legal professionals around the world. To know more details on the topics, stay with Marketingno.
Early Life and Education: How Lewis Gratz Fell's Upbringing Influenced His Future Activism
Sure, there's a rewritten paragraph focused on lewis Gratz Fell's early life and education:
Lewis Gratz Fell was born into a prominent family in Philadelphia in 1805. His father was a successful lawyer and businessman, and his mother was a Quaker who instilled in him a strong sense of morality and social justice. Fell attended the University of Pennsylvania, where he studied law and graduated in 1827. His education and upbringing played a significant role in shaping his future activism, as he witnessed firsthand the injustices faced by marginalized communities, particularly African Americans.
Fell was deeply troubled by the institution of slavery and became a vocal advocate for its abolition. His early experiences with discrimination and inequality motivated him to use his legal education to fight for justice and equality for all. In the following sections, we'll explore how Fell's upbringing and education paved the way for his impactful career in law and social justice.
The Fight Against Slavery: Fell's Role in the Abolitionist Movement
Lewis Gratz Fell was a passionate activist who dedicated much of his life to the fight against slavery. Fell's role in the abolitionist movement was instrumental in bringing about change and promoting social justice. He worked tirelessly to abolish the cruel practice of slavery, believing that every human being deserved to be treated with dignity and respect.
Fell was actively involved in various anti-slavery organizations, including the Pennsylvania Anti-Slavery Society, where he served as a delegate to their annual meetings. He also played a key role in the Underground Railroad, helping enslaved people escape to freedom in the North. His efforts in this area earned him a reputation as a skilled and courageous conductor, despite the risks involved.
Throughout his life, Fell remained steadfast in his commitment to the abolitionist cause, and his tireless work helped to bring about the end of slavery in the United States. Today, his legacy serves as an inspiration to those who continue to fight for freedom, justice, and equality for all.
Breaking Barriers: Fell's Work as a Black Lawyer in the 19th Century
TheBreaking Barriers: Fell's Work as a Black Lawyer in the 19th Century
One of Lewis Gratz Fell's most remarkable accomplishments was breaking through the barriers faced by black lawyers in the 19th century. At the time, it was extremely rare for African Americans to become lawyers, let alone practice law. However, Fell refused to let his race hold him back. He pursued a legal education, studying under prominent attorneys of the day and even apprenticing with future U.S. Supreme Court Justice Benjamin Curtis.
With his education in hand, Fell became one of the first black lawyers in Pennsylvania, opening his own law office in Philadelphia. He faced discrimination and bigotry from both colleagues and clients, but remained committed to using his legal skills to fight for justice. His advocacy on behalf of black clients and other marginalized groups helped to advance the cause of civil rights and paved the way for future generations of black lawyers.
Fell's work as a trailblazing black lawyer is a testament to his resilience and determination to overcome the obstacles placed in his path.
Advocating for Women's Rights: Fell's Support for Suffrage and Gender Equality
Advocating for women's rights was a key aspect of Lewis Gratz Fell's activism. As he firmly believed in the importance of gender equality. In the late 19th century, Fell became involved in the women's suffrage movement and used his legal expertise to advocate for women's right to vote. He also supported the right of women to pursue higher education, recognizing that education was essential to achieving equality. Fell was particularly outspoken about the need for African American women to have access to education. As he believed that education was a powerful tool for empowerment.
In addition to his work in suffrage and education, Fell also fought for women's rights in the legal profession. He encouraged women to pursue careers in law and was an advocate for equal pay and opportunities for female lawyers. His commitment to gender equality and women's rights made him a pioneer in his time. And his legacy continues to inspire those fighting for justice today.
Legacy in Legal Education: Fell's Contributions to the Formation of Law Schools
Lewis Gratz Fell's impact on legal education is a crucial part of his legacy. In the mid-19th century, Fell recognized the need for formal legal education in the United States, which was still a relatively new concept at the time. He believed that in order to ensure that lawyers were properly trained and equipped to serve their clients. There needed to be a more structured and consistent approach to legal education.
As a result, Fell played a pivotal role in the formation of law schools. Both through his work as an educator and as a co-founder of the National Law School of Washington, D.C. His vision helped to establish the modern legal education system that we know today. With its emphasis on rigorous academic training and practical experience. Fell's contributions to legal education have had a lasting impact. Shaping the way that lawyers are trained and prepared to serve their communities.
Continuing the Fight for Justice: How Fell's Legacy Lives on Today
Continuing the Fight for Justice: How Fell's Legacy Lives on Today
Despite passing away over a century ago, Lewis Gratz Fell's legacy continues to inspire activists and attorneys to this day. Fell's work as a lawyer and activist was groundbreaking in his time. And his contributions to the fight for justice have continued to resonate with future generations. Today, Fell's legacy lives on through the efforts of those who continue to advocate for marginalized communities. And work to uphold the values of equity and fairness that he fought for throughout his life.
In particular, Fell's work in advancing the rights of Black Americans and other marginalized groups has been especially impactful. His advocacy for equal access to education and the right to vote laid the groundwork for future civil rights movements. And his pioneering work as a Black lawyer in the 19th century paved the way for other attorneys of color to follow in his footsteps.
Overall, the legacy of Lewis Gratz Fell serves as a powerful reminder of the importance of fighting for justice and equality. Both in the legal profession and in society as a whole. As we continue to confront systemic injustices and work towards a more equitable future. Fell's legacy will undoubtedly continue to inspire and guide us.
Overcoming Adversity: How Fell's Resilience and Perseverance Inspired Others
Lewis Gratz Fell was no stranger to adversity, but it was his resilience and perseverance that truly set him apart. Born into a society that saw Black Americans as second-class citizens, Fell faced countless obstacles throughout his life.
But despite the many challenges he faced. He never gave up on his dream of becoming a lawyer and fighting for justice. Fell's tenacity and determination inspired many others to follow in his footsteps, even when the odds seemed stacked against them. Whether he was advocating for the abolition of slavery or championing women's rights. Fell never lost sight of his goal: to make the world a more just and equitable place.
And while he may have faced setbacks and disappointments along the way. Fell's unwavering commitment to his principles inspired countless others to overcome their own adversities and fight for a better future.
In conclusion, lewis Gratz Fell was a true trailblazer in the fields of law and social justice. His unwavering commitment to fighting for the rights of marginalized communities. Even in the face of seemingly insurmountable obstacles, was nothing short of inspirational.
Fell's legacy lives on to this day, as his contributions to the legal profession and. The fight for justice continues to inspire new generations of activists and attorneys.
His work was on behalf of the abolitionist and suffrage movements. As well as his efforts to create a more equitable society have left an indelible mark on American history.
And while there is still much work to be done to achieve true equality and justice for all. We can all draw inspiration from lewis Gratz Fell's resilience. Perseverance, and unyielding commitment to fighting for what is right.


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Average Monthly high in °F: 40° 40° 44° 50° 60° 69° 78° 77° 69° 59° 47° 41°
Average Monthly low in °F: 15° 16° 20° 26° 33° 40° 45° 45° 38° 29° 21° 17°
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What's The Average High Temp in Mammoth Lakes? 56.2 °F
What's the Average Low in Mammoth Lakes? 28.8 °F
What's the Average Temperature in Mammoth Lakes? 42.5 °F
How Many Inches of Rain per year does Mammoth Lakes get? N/A
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John Bowler, Seth Hunter, Roy Shilkrot
This is a set of methods for segmenting a RGB+depth image, such as from a Kinect: that is, separating the foreground (people standing in front of Kinect) from the background (the objects and walls of the room behind them). The simplest way to achieve this is by thresholding the depth image. The Kinect depth sensor is fairly noisy, however, so these methods use image processing techniques on the RGB image to refine the segmentation and get more precise and accurate contours.
This release includes source files and an example (an Xcode project - only tried on OSX).
The extension itself depends on:
Additional dependencies for the example project (including sub-dependencies):
*If you get a compiler error in two files in the ofxControlPanel source about a "bLoaded" variable not being public, find/replace it in the.cpp files with "isLoaded()".
Declare an ofxKinectSegmentation object in your header and init() it. There are three methods for processing images, each taking as input an RGB image, a depth image, and a pointer to the result in whatever form you desire:
void getGrayscaleMask(ofxCvColorImage rgbImage, ofxCvGrayscaleImage depthImage, ofxCvGrayscaleImage *output);
 Loads *output with a grayscale image that, if applied to an image as an alpha channel, would segment the image.
void getBitMask(ofxCvColorImage rgbImage, ofxCvGrayscaleImage depthImage, ofxCvGrayscaleImage *output);
 Like getGrayscaleMask() but binary, without the extra blur around the edges.
void getRGB(ofxCvColorImage rgbImage, ofxCvGrayscaleImage depthImage, ofxCvColorImage *output);
 Loads *output with a color image where the "background" of the original image is black.
void getRGBA(ofxCvColorImage rgbImage, ofxCvGrayscaleImage depthImage, ofImage *output);
 Loads *output with a 4-channel ofImage where the alpha channel masks out the background.
[Parameters in brackets] are sliders that can be played with in the example project and are also public variables of the ofxKinectSegmentation object that can be adjusted to taste.
Step 1) Acquire contours from the depth image (using ofxCvContourFinder), with choices of [min contour area], [max contour area], and [max num contours] that prevent holes or other artifacts of IR sensor noise from being detected as meaningful objects.
First pass: RGB edge detection
Step 2) Partition the image into a "known foreground" (set of FG pixels far enough away from the foreground), a "known background", and a stripe-like "unknown area" between them. The width of the unknown area is [1st-pass search breadth].
Step 3) Construct square "boxes" around every contour point, with size [1st-pass ROI box size] and spaced at around [ROI box sparsity] pixels apart, to be iterated through and used as ROI's.
Step 4) Run the RGB through an edge-detection algorithm, generating an edge image (where the value of each pixel is how fast it is changing color in the RGB image). Mask out everything except the edges in the unknown area stripe.
Step 5) Construct a new contour, iterating through boxes and getting one new contour point from each box by finding the centroid of the edge image in each box ROI. This is analogous to a single iteration of meanshift. Theoretically, this creates a new contour that hugs the edge detected on the RGB image tighter.
Second pass: Color matching
Step 6) Repeat steps 2 and 3 with the new contour, using the [2nd-pass search breadth] and [2nd-pass ROI box size] parameters.
Step 7) In each box ROI, consider the colors of the known FG and known BG pixels in that region and make a determination on each unknown pixel based on its color and the statistical likelihood of it being either FG or BG.
Step 8) Erode and blur the final mask according to [final alpha erosion] and [final alpha blur].
Note on step 7 - This determination is implemented in the simplest possible way: considering a single color channel, finding the average values in the known FG and BG regions within this ROI, and thresholding the unknown area at (FG_avg + BG_avg)/2. A more sophisticated and probably better-looking method would consider the whole 3D space, model the pixel colors in the FG and BG as Gaussian distributions based on their means and covariance matrices, and check each unknown pixel independently for its statistical distance from each distribution. (Edge detection, similarly, considers only a single color channel.)
June 29, 2012
An openFrameworks extension for image segmentation using the RGB+depth ability of a Kinect
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Let $X,Y$ be complex manifolds and let $f: X \rightarrow Y$ be a continuous map. When exactly do we say that $f$ is "holomorphic"? I am interested in the basic definition (possibly using charts), not an equivalent characterization.
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1 Answer 1
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If $p$ is a point of $X$, then we say $f$ is holomorphic at $p$ if there is a chart $(U, \phi)$ on $X$ with $p \in U$, and a chart $(V, \psi)$ on $Y$ with $\phi(p) \in V$, such that $f(U) \subseteq V$ and the induced map
$$ \phi(U) \stackrel{\phi^{-1}}\longrightarrow U \stackrel{f}{\to} V \stackrel{\psi}{\to}\mathbb{C}^n $$
is holomorphic in the familiar sense (using $\phi(U) \subseteq \mathbb{C}^n$).
We say $f$ is holomorphic if it is holomorphic at all points.
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Do we say that if $f$ satisfies the property you described using charts for a point $p$, then it is "locally holomorphic"? – Manos Sep 18 '12 at 18:04
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onfocus event
Fires when the object receives focus.
HTML 4.01 Specification, Section 18.2.3
Event Property object.onfocus = handler;
attachEvent Method object.attachEvent("onfocus", handler)
addEventListener Method object.addEventListener("focus", handler, useCapture)
Event information
Event handler parameters
pEvtObj [in]
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When one object loses activation and another object becomes the IHTMLDocument2::activeElement, the HTMLInputFileElementEvents2::onfocus event fires on the object becoming the IHTMLDocument2::activeElement only after the HTMLInputFileElementEvents2::onblur event fires on the object losing activation. Use the focus events to determine when to prepare an object to receive input from the user.
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© 2015 Microsoft


text:
Next: Example Systems
Up: Blackboard systems
Previous: Implementation issues
The following iterative steps occur in typical blackboard solving activities:
- A knowledge source makes a change to a blackboard object.
- Each knowledge source indicates the contribution it can make to the new
solution state -- either dynamically or a priori based.
- A scheduler decides a focus of attention.
- A control module prepares the focus of attention for execution:
- If the focus of attention is a knowledge source -- a blackboard object
is chosen to serve as its context (knowledge centred scheduling).
- If the focus of attention is a blackboard object -- a knowledge source
to process that object is chosen and instantiated with the object as its context
(event centred scheduling).
- If both a blackboard object and a knowledge source are the focus of
attention an instance of the knowledge source is made ready for execution with
the object as its context.
- The problem solving process continues until a knowledge source has
indicated that it should stop:
- either an acceptable solution has been found, or
- lack of knowledge or data prohibits further action.


text:
Visualization of the Fragmentation of a Weak Granular Material During Compression
The purpose of this research was to visualize the crushing of a weak granular material during compression. In order to be able to see the individual particles of the sample with out the usage of sophisticated and expensive equipment, roasted chick peas were used to model granular material. The chick peas were chosen because of their size and availability. A series of uniaxial confined compression tests were run on the chick peas to check different aspects of the fragmentation. All the samples used in the tests were prepared the same way having the same initial height and mass. The samples also had uniform gradation. An initial test was run on the chick peas to an applied vertical load of 3 kN. This test was used to create a void ratio versus the logarithm of the stress curve. From the curve constructed from the results of the first test four applied vertical loads were chosen. These four applied vertical loads were used throughout the research. The first set of uniaxial confined compression tests were used to determine how many chick peas were broken during compression. The next set of uniaxial confined compression tests were used to run sieve analysis on each sample and to determine how the gradation of the sample changed as the applied vertical load increased. Another confined uniaxial compression test was run to a selected load to determine how the crushing occurred internally. Through out the research several pictures were taken with a digital camera to help illustrate the crushing inside and outside the samples. Pictures outside the samples were possible since the cylinders used for the compression tests were transparent. A fractal analysis was done using the results of the sieve analysis for each sample. Fractal fragmentation dimensions were calculated to determine the degree of crushing at each of the applied vertical loads. Another fractal analysis was done using a Seirpinski Gasket in order visualize the way the samples developed a fractal size distribution. Six level of the gasket were generated and used to model a sample fragmenting during compression.
Advisor:Calixto I. Garcia; Luis E. Vallejo; Jeen-Shang Lin
School:University of Pittsburgh
School Location:USA - Pennsylvania
Source Type:Master's Thesis
Keywords:civil and environmental engineering
Date of Publication:09/25/2007


text:
Autotuning control structures for reliability-driven dynamic binding
This paper explores a formally grounded approach to solve the problem of dynamic binding in serviceoriented software architecture. Dynamic binding is a widely adopted mean to automatically bind exposed software interfaces to actual implementations. The execution of an operation on one or another implementation, though providing the same result, could turn out in different quality of service, e.g. due to failure occurrence. Dynamic binding is thus of primary importance to achieve what in the Software Engineering domain is called "selfadaptiveness", the capability to preserve a desired quality of service, if this is feasible. It is important to reach this goal also in the presence of environmental fluctuations – a route congestion increase – or even abrupt variations – a server breakdown. A quite general dynamic binding problem is here reformulated as a discrete-time feedback control one, and the use of autotuning techniques is discussed, extending previous research, in a view to guaranteeing the desired quality of service without the need for computationally-intensive optimisations.
- Technology and Engineering
51st IEEE Conference on Decision and Control


Can't Be Calculated, Would Require Summing Deduplicated Values
This guide applies to this message that can appear in your results for unique count metrics, such as Facebook's "Reach" metrics:
Example query result showing the "can't be calculated..." message for Facebook reach
Data Studio specifically may not show this error in the results. It may instead show the results as "0" or "null" when this is happening, making it harder to diagnose. If you do see "0" or "null" for metrics that should have values, this may be what is causing that.
If the data source calculates a metric to be a unique count, it's usually doing the calculation based on a specific object the ad, campaign, account, post, etc. So if the query then is not split in a unique enough way, this message will appear. This may be that the query is not split at all, or that there are ads/campaigns/objects with the exact same name. In this case Supermetrics will try to sum those based on shared name or some other dimension, and fail to do so as they should be unique counts for unique objects.
As seen in the example above, there are multiple ads with the same names. When Supermetrics tries to sum those, it cannot and instead give the error.
The best resolution is to modify your query to include another dimension field that is unique - such as the ad ID, Campaign ID, Post ID, etc. The sums will then be split according to their unique object and clear the error.
The original example now split by Ad ID shows the reach values properly - you'll note the ad names are clearly not unique and was the cause of the original problem:
Example query result showing data split by Ad ID and being able to get the reach values for all ads
Some products also have an advanced setting to "ALLOW_SUM_UNIQUE", which bypasses this safety message and will sum them anyway. Note that this can lead to false values for unique metrics and is not recommended. (This setting is not available for Data Studio, you need to use the fix above.)
Example of the Advanced Setting for Google Sheets:
Blue arrow points to "Advanced settings" text box, with setting to ALLOW_SUM_UNIQUE to be enabled
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text:
When the soil contains iron, it migrates with water to the drain and forms, in contact with the air, an iron hydroxide sludge.
When ferrobacteria is present in the water table, it produces, following the oxidation of iron in contact with air, a gelatinous mass. The result of both is the formation of a viscous deposit on the walls of grooved drains and it is this deposit that is called "ferrous ocher".
The first symptoms caused by iron ocher
The phenomenon of iron ocher is pernicious because it can cause significant damage even before the owner realizes it. Vigilance is also required if there are precursory signs such as:
An abnormally high humidity level in the basement Reddish deposits on the concrete slab of the basements. Deposits of ocher-colored mud in the catch basin
Possible remediation of existing buildings to mitigate iron ocher symptoms varies by location, but may require:
The modification of the slope of the ground Sealing at the junction of concrete wall and concrete slab Installation of cleaning chimneys Drainage under the slab The installation of a waterproof coating The installation of a waterproofing membrane The raising of the slab of the basement Condemnation of the basement


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HPPOS-229 PDR-_PHONE_
Relaxation of Definition of Source Check in Reference to Effluent Radiation Monitors
See the memorandum from L. J. Cunningham to J. H. Joyner (and others) dated December 6, 1990. This memo states that any proposal by a licensee to relax the definition of a source check is not acceptable without compensatory measures to maintain overall effluent control for the proposed relaxation.
A licensee had submitted an amendment request to move the existing procedural details of the current Radiological Effluent Technical Specifications (RETS) to the Offsite Dose Calculation Manual (ODCM). The licensee, as well as twenty-two other facilities, used plastic scintillator / photomultiplier type effluent radiation monitors that contained either a built-in LED light source or a secondary check source that did not expose the primary detector. These alternative source check measurements were used to meet the monthly qualitative source check requirement. The definition of "source check" under the Technical Specifications requires that the channel sensor, including the primary radiation detector, be exposed to a radioactive source.
The licensee's amendment request would not change the definition for source check; however, if the amendment were approved, the licensee would be free to relax the definition for source check under its ODCM, provided they met the criteria that "the overall level of radiological effluent control is not reduced." A violation of this criteria would be a violation of the licensee's Technical Specification.
The NRR staff have adopted the position that any proposal by a licensee to relax the definition of source check, whether through an amendment request or under its ODCM pursuant to Generic Letter 89-01, is not acceptable without the licensee providing compensatory measures for the proposed relaxation. This is necessary because such changes on measurements can reduce the overall effluent control. Therefore, the following conditions must be met:
1. If the detector of concern is used as the primary means of quantifying radionuclides in effluent streams, the licensee must proved justification on why an alternative and technically more accurate measurement (e.g. taking grab samples) is not available. If an alternative measurement is not available, then detector specific and other effluent-related information should be provided either in the ODCM or other means for the staff to evaluate whether the overall effluent control will be reduced.
2. If the scintillator plastic / photomultiplier type detector is used only for detecting radiation that activates the alarm / trip setpoint, relaxation of the current source check definition should be accompanied by a commitment from the licensee to provide compensatory measures to ensure the overall effluent control not be reduced over time and usage. A commitment by the licensee to Cross-check and Document the detector scalar count-rate with the grab sample result (C&D measurement), where practical, in lieu of the monthly source check measurement, would be acceptable. In those situations where the C&D measurement or other comparable measurements are not practical, the use of the LED light source and/or secondary check source measurements would be acceptable.
Regulatory references: 10 CFR 50, Regulatory Guide 1.21, Regulatory Guide 4.15, Technical Specifications
Subject codes: 6.6, 7.3, 12.12
Applicability: Source