Become a STF groups member
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ಕನ್ನಡದಲ್ಲಿ ನೋಡಲು ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಕ್ಲಿಕ್ ಮಾಡಿ
How to become a STF groups member
You can request to become a member of STF group for your subject, by entering information in this google form. Within a week, you will be added to the group.
How to become a whatsapp, hike, telegram (phone based groups) member
See information in this document about existing phone based groups in Karnataka, if you want to join a group, please send a SMS to the admin of the whatsapp/ hike / telegram phone based groups (Please DO NOT send a email to the STF mailing groups), with following informationYour full name, name of school / institution, subject taught by you, name of District / Taluka, Cell phone number and email id
Whatsapp / Hike / Telegram group admin members should fill up information about their group here. However, membership of the phone groups depends on the admin of the group. Some groups may not want to allow open entry to others. However the STF mailing groups are open to all teachers in Karnataka.
Mailing tips for a STF member
 1. The group is an academic space. Hence all mails should have some academic concern. Purely personal mails, mails which do not have any connection to academic issues, should not be sent to the forum
 2. If you want to write to only one person, who has sent the mail, do not send to the groups, send only to the person. For example, if you want to join a whatsapp group, please reply only to the person who has sent the mail for forming the group. If you select REPLY, it will go to the groups. Hence remove that, and copy paste the person's email id.
 3. Give a meaningful subject line. Just saying 'Hi' etc can be avoided. If the subject line gives a good idea of the contents, then we can decide whether to read that email or not. If the topic does not interest us, we may chose not to read it, or to read it later. For example if you want some information on Formative Assessment (FA) and you reply to a mail saying "Please add to groups" no one may see your mail. Giving correct subject line helps all the people to determine whether they want to open a mail or not. A CBZ teacher may decide not to open a mail which says "Direct common tangent Geogebra file"
 4. If you are attaching a file, give the file a meaningful name. Names like 'doc1.odt' or 'harish.odt' are meaningless. File name should suggest what the file is about, e.g. 'Congruent triangles.ggb'. If you are attaching a file, give a description of the attachment in the mail itself.
 5. End every mail with your name, school name and taluka name. You can also add your cell number. This can be done automatically in gmail, by selecting the'signature' option under'settings'
 6. The volume of STF Mails tends to be quite high. You may want to separate STF mails from your other mails. In such as case you can set a 'filter' in your Gmail or in your Thunderbird mail client to move all STF Mails to a separate folder so that your Inbox is free to receive other mails
 7. Use search option in your Googlegroups to search for the resource you want. For example if you want Work plan, you should first search in your STF googlegroups - all the mails with "work plan" will be displayed for you. After seeing all those, if you still want to send a mail for Work Plan you can send. Of course, for this to work, we must use correct subject line.
 8. In case you feel any teacher is sending many mails in which you do not have an interest, you can set a 'filter' to move 'all mails received from that email id to another folder so that it does not come in your inbox. By using 'filters' feature, we can reduce spending time on mails which we do not want to read and focusing on mails we want to. Thus using these technical features of email, we can reduce the load of emails in our Inbox.
 9. Email is a more complete communication than SMS and Whatsapp and hence can be more useful. Please use it like how you would write a letter, with details. In your sms or Whatsapp, there is a character limit - Not so for email. You can attach many kinds of files, you can't do it on sms. If you have a good resource you want to share with other teachers, it is better to share with STF google groups, in addition to sharing on WhatsApp, because more teachers can access it. Similarly, if you are a Whatsapp admin, share useful discussions back with the forum - more teachers will benefit.
We will publish on a google document the names and admins of various Whatsapp groups; so please visit this page before you decide to start a group/ want to join a group.
Email guidelines for all members
This section discussions guidelines for considering which mails are good for the forum and which are not. This should be seen as a draft framework for discussions amongst STF teachers.
 1. Celebrate - these are excellent emails that all of us love to receive. Some good resource made by a teacher or accessed and shared. Some very thought provoking ideas relating to teaching learning. Some wise comments on a troubling social issue. Since the objective of the STF is to provide opportunities for teachers for peer learning, sharing, most of the types of mails mentioned in section above would come in this category, as follows
 1. Core academic issues for the subject, such as discussion of a topic from the text book
 2. Broader issues relating to the subject - such as history of mathematics, famous scientists, writers etc
 3. Still broader issues relating to education, which may not be restricted to the subject itself. For example, environmental pollution, life skills etc
 4. Still broader social issues such as elections, national calamities. For a teacher, it is not sufficient to simply be maths and science teachers alone. Discussion on broader issues can also contribute to our development as humane teachers and active citizens. Basically, the purpose of the forum is to broaden, deepen the knowledge and understanding of the teacher, not only as a subject teacher, but as for the larger role of a concerned citizen, tasked with the responsibility of preparing responsible citizens, hence needing to have wider/larger and informed perspectives on a wide variety of issues/areas.
 2. Accept - most mails may not be brilliant or wise, but still are informative, or share the thoughts and ideas of a teacher.
 1. We need to have a broad interpretation of the teaching profession. We must have deep subject knowledge. We must also have good teaching skills. However, beyond both, as teacher, we are concerned citizens and also responsible to create responsible citizens. This means teachers must be concerned with a wide range of educational as well as social issues. For e.g. is a discussion on eve teasing relevant to STF. If we think that life skills are important part of the curriculum for all subjects, then of course this is relevant. Similarly since NCF suggests taking a multi-disciplinary approach to teaching, different subjects need to be integrated for the learner. This means that any subject teacher can be, should be and even must be interested in other subjects as well. A topic like 'water' can be discussed from maths, science, social science, language (perhaps all subjects!!) perspectives.
 2. Sometimes we may feel that a mail is not really useful, in such cases we can ask ourselves - is the teacher intending to be negative or disruptive? Is the teacher repeatedly sending blank or meaningless or irrelevant mails. Many teachers are joining the forum all the time, and these new teachers will need sometime to adjust to the group norms. During this time they may send irrelevant mails. We should gently and firmly guide them that the purpose of the STF is professional development of teachers through sharing and discussions and irrelevant mails add to the load of reading. However if a teacher repeatedly sends meaningless mails, then the group manager can put such a teacher under'moderation', so that mails from that teacher need to be approved before coming on the list. In case you think any teacher is repeatedly sending irrelevant mails, please send a mail to with your feedback.
 3. It is be felt that purely administrative matters, such as teacher transfers, formats of maintaining registers etc. are not discussed in the STF forum. However, occasional sharing of circulars, orders may be useful to alert teachers and hence may be seen as useful. Issues like mutual transfers, which can be large in volume, can be moved to discussion forums where only interested teachers can record their requests and see other teachers requests. All other teachers who do not need information on mutual transfers, need not see that information.
 3. Reject / Disallow - Rude or offensive mails must not be allowed. Differences of opinion is to be expected in a such a diverse group of teachers from across an entire state, however, this does not entitle us to be rude or offensive. We must make our points/submissions politely and


Supervision, Mentoring & Coaching
Supervision is an integral aspect of professional practice and continued professional development. Cultural supervision allows for a deeper understanding of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures to assist in the facilitation of positive engagement and healing for clients.
Professional supervision can provide the following services:
 - Specific case discussion and guidance
 - Facilitate greater levels of cultural awareness
 - Development of practical skills and appropriate strategies for healing
 - Understanding of cultural perspectives regarding social and emotional wellbeing
Mentoring and coaching is a key aspect of professional development for all professionals from those new to the field through to experienced practitioners. Marumali Consultations can assist with cultural mentoring for professionals seeking guidance and the development of practical skills for effective engagement with others from diverse cultural backgrounds. This process is undertaken in a manner that is tailored to each professional's needs, meeting individuals where they are in terms of knowledge and skill set. Accordingly, this process allows for professionals to progress in positive and supported space.
We provide structured and tailored supervision for workers in Health and Human Services. We specialise in culturally appropriate supervision, mentoring and coaching for Aboriginal workers working in non-indigenous organisations or government departments, as well as offering cultural supervision and coaching for non-indigenous workers who work with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and communities.


automatically detects the proper polarity and issues a message if negative polarity data is received:
Reversed FS polarity detected - autocorrecting
The automatic correction applies only to software framing and doesn't help with correlation. For correct results for both software framing and
correlation, you should correct the polarity reversal problem at its source; this is done using negative values for the {{{--gain}}} parameter at
program start time:
./ -a -v 10 -g -50
The second cause of negative correlation peaks is that some protocols (although not P25) make use of both normaland inverted-polarity FS
sequences as a standard part of their processing. Instead of clogging the GUI menu with several choices that are merely inverses of others,
just for the sake of always having positive-peaked correlations, we allow the correlation graph to reflect the natural polarity of the data.
Thus both + and - peaks are shown, allowing quick diagnosis of incorrect hardware polarity (see above), and allowing identification of the
particular family and sub-protocol in use.
Auto Correlation
Also included is Frank's Fast Auto Correlation (fac):
For further details about Fast Auto Correlation refer to Frank's page at
New in late 2013, trunk following for multiple trunked P25 systems was added, supporting the following feature set:
 - Any number of separate trunked systems may be scanned * P25 Phase I (IMBE) voice channel decoding and audio output * Supports LSM/CQPSK systems that require CQPSK (not C4FM) demodulation in addition to C4FM systems * Since CQPSK demodulation is used, LSM simulcast distortion is suppressed (contrary to all current scanners) * In this release, systems and voice channels are scanned sequentially (like trunk tracking scanners) * Alpha tagging for talkgroup ID's * Per-system whitelist (closed group) support: only those talkgroups in the list are scanned * Per-system blacklist support: all talkgroups are scanned, except those listed * Configuration files are TSV (tab-separated); may be edited using spreadsheet software such as Libre office * Talkgroup ID hold: momentary delay after each voice transmission to allow following conversations * Manual talkgroup ID hold: click to pause, remains on current talkgroup until resumed * Manual lockout: click to lock out current talkgroup * All of the signal scope functions (see above) are live and may be selected in real time * Traffic history including list of active voice channels, key trunk control channel data, etc. * Hardware support provided by gr-osmosdr including usrp/uhd, hackrf, and (in theory) RTL DVB-T based sticks etc.
The trunking code has not yet been merged into the master branch. In the meantime after cloning the
repository you can issue this command to switch to the proper code branch:
git checkout max-trunking-update2
(you must first cd to the top level op25 project directory)
Trunking Configuration
The primary configuration file trunk.tsv contains one line (or spreadsheet row) per trunked system
to be monitored. The file need not be named {{{trunk.tsv}}}; any name of your choice may be used, and is specified using the -T option. The file contains the following information:
 - NAC: This is used as the "primary key" to tell different systems apart. * Sysname: The name of the system (for display purposes) * Control Channel List: comma-separated list of trunk control channels. * Offset: if using a SDR with GPSDO, this value is not needed and should be set to zero. Used for frequency drift correction. The values shown are almost certainly incorrect for your system; the frequency error (drift) is different for every oscillator and is also almost always temperature dependent. You can use the other functions of such as the eye diagram to determine the error (difference between nominal frequency and received frequency). * Modulation: C4FM or CQPSK * TGID Tags File: specifies the name of a TSV file for this system, containing alpha talkgroup ID tags * Whitelist: if set, the system is a "closed" system; only listed TGID's will be included * Blacklist: excludes listed TGID's * Center Frequency: set this to (Highest-Frequency-Channel - Lowest-Frequency-Channel) / 2 - and make sure it's at least (say) 50 KHz away from any active channel
Note: the first line of the file containing the field names must not be changed.
Software Tuning Mode
A new feature which helps to workaround a current problem with the RTL-SDR, the software Local Oscillator allows software tuning within the passband whose width is equal to the current sampling rate (--sample-rate) parameter. Currently this seems to be limited to 2.56 MHz.
To use this mode
 - find the lowest (F1) and highest frequencies (F2) in the system * You will have to adjust F1 and F2 such that (F2-F1) is less than the selected sample rate * RTL SDR apparently supports rates higher than 2.56 MHz but there are reported problems * Find the center frequency = F1 plus one-half of (F2-F1) * Adjust the center frequency by a few tens of KHz if necessary to ensure it does not coincide with any of the system channel frequencies, to avoid DC offset * The higher the sample rate, the more CPU is used * If the system contains frequencies outside of the band from F1 to F2, tuning error messages will be issued but the remaining channels should still work * The "Center Frequency" is defined as a new column in the trunking TSV file (added to the right of the Blacklist column after the example shown below was created).
TSV Files
Use the following command to open a TSV file for editing:
oocalc trunk.tsv
Here are the options used when opening the file
Talkgroup ID Alpha Tags
There is usually a separate tags file for each system, although sometimes multiple systems can share a common set of tags. The talkgroup ID (first column in each row) is in decimal (base 10).
Trunked Traffic
Use the -2 command line option to enable Phase 2 TDMA. Unlike in P25 Phase 1 FDMA, TDMA voice channels cannot be tuned manually. TDMA voice channels are always operated under control of a trunked system having a 9,600 FDMA trunking control channel. Accordingly you must establish a trunking definition for your system as detailed above; no other special setup is required.
This records in parallel all talkgroup activity to.WAV files (except talkgroups excluded via the white list and black lists system). The band of frequencies that can be spanned is equal to the SDR sampling rate, e.g., 2.4 MHz or so if using an RTL, wider in other devices (8 MHz in HackRF, for example). Only one SDR is needed though, no matter how many talkgroups are to be logged (as long as these frequency limits are observed). The option is enabled via the "-L n" command line parameter (where n is an int specifying the number of logfile workers - one plus the number of concurrent talkgroups to be logged). Note that in TDMA one worker is required per active frequency (not per talkgroup). The wider the spectrum, and the more workers defined, the higher the CPU usage...
The logging option must be used with the -T option, and (in this version of only the first data row of the trunking TSV file is utilized - subsequent rows are not used.
Possibly bugs exist, here are a few of the known ones as of this writing
 - Symbol filters totally brain damaged (need separate filters for each speed) * When switching modes using the notebook tabs, leftover data from before may appear momentarily * Highest and lowest speeds are not well tuned resulting either in sluggish updates or CPU exhaustion * Currently ignores all except first frequency in list of trunk control frequencies * The selected tab may override the mode (C4FM vs. CQPSK); be sure to select "constellation" to enable CQPSK mode
I ripped off the "tabbed notebook" theme (and code) from Stevie; it already had the spectrum, baseband, and decoded symbol displays. I added the data scope, constellation scope, cross correlation, and trunk tracking features.
The Fast Auto Correlation (fac) code came from Radiorausch.
Special thanks to Mossmann for leaving one commented-out "print" statement in Of course it was tempting to wonder "what would happen" if that statement were un-commented. The final result? The cross-correlation feature.
Special thanks also to GPL, for encouraging these mashups.
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International Corporate Volunteering is Growing Quickly, Here Is What You Need to Know
Mark Horoszowski
Mark Horoszowski is the co-founder and CEO of
ICV Conference Highlights
The message from the Pyxera International Corporate Volunteering Conference, _TAG_, was clear "International Corporate Volunteering (ICV) has massive benefits for volunteering professionals, the sponsoring corporation, and the receiving social impact organization." As such, it is no surprise that ICV programs are growing at a rate of over 150% year over year.
In fact, almost every Fortune 100 company with an ICV program is expanding it. Most notably, IBM increased the number of employees it sends overseas to volunteer every year from 400 to 500.
This summary of the conference provides statistics, resources, and information you need to know about international corporate volunteering programs – including how to start your own.
I. Why Should Corporations Have International Corporate Volunteering Programs
The benefits are resoundingly clear. ICV programs are proven to
 1. Have bottom line benefits for the corporation
 2. Create a positive social impact
 3. Develop leadership and innovation skills in program participants
We recently published a blog post with a wealth of information about the benefits of volunteering overseas. In summary, the following infographic summarizes extensive research proving how ICV programs help with recruitment, retention, engagement, and performance of employees.
II. How to Start an International Corporate Volunteering Program
Hint: "Learn by doing"
The key to starting a successful international corporate volunteering program is actually starting an ICV program. Perhaps easier said than done, but thought-leaders at the conference shared the following which should help:
1. Understand Your Business | Programs will only grow if businesses can justify the expense. Most programs develop leadership skills or foster innovation as its stated benefit. If you understand your business, and the initiatives within it, you can build a strong case for designing a program that creates social good and helps your business.
2. Find Executive Support | All programs that were growing had a senior leader who personally supported the initiative.
3. Create Program Goals That Align with Business Goals | While most programs are designed for leadership development, some are designed to foster innovation, understand new markets, or give employees field experience in a geography/country of strategic importance to the company.
4. Start Small | Convincing leadership of benefits of an ICV program is not always easy. There are enough programs touting benefits to justify a full-fledged program, but ICV programs should be unique to your company, so start a pilot first.
5. Collaborate | Some ICV programs are in HR, CSR, or even in individual business units. Regardless of where it sits, there is data, resources, and know-how in other departments that is useful for design, support, and reporting. As an example, HR might have data about employee engagement that your program can benchmark against, and CSR will want to know about the impact the ICV program created for its annual report.
6. Find External Partners | Organizations like Pyxera Global, MovingWorlds, RealizedWorth and others can help you efficiently find social impact organizations overseas where your institution's know-how, and the skills of the people within it, can actually make a positive difference. These organizations also provide guidance for program setup, evaluation, training, and resources.
7. Measure Impact | ICV programs are proven to benefit the corporation, the employee participants, and the social impact organization that receives support. Establishing success metrics, measuring them, and reporting impact to ALL stakeholders is vital to program continuation and growth.
III. How to Measure and Increase the Impact of ICV Programs
The most effective programs measure success on a number of factors, and by surveying stakeholders at multiple points in time. Surveys should go to:
 - Volunteering employees for program perception and ways to improve
 - Managers of volunteering employees for skill development in participants
 - Business partners in the company (i.e. HR and CSR) for possible efficiencies
 - Executives on program perception in the company
 - Partnering organizations on impact created
 - Other stakeholders on program perception in the field (i.e. local governments)
In addition to surveys pre, during, and immediately following the volunteer engagement, successful programs also follow the long-term impact on the hosting organizations and the participating employees for the years following the international volunteer assignment.
The following picture shows 7 ways to grow the impact of ICV programs:
 1. Grow ICV ProgramsLinking to the Business Market Growth Strategy | If your corporation has an interest in expanding to a new country, volunteering there first will provide invaluable insight on country and cultural dynamics.
 2. Cross-company Partnerships | Unify efforts across your company to create efficiencies and buy-in.
 3. Issue Focus | Pick a cause-area that is relevant to your corporation and its employees.
 4. Complementary Support | In global volunteering, learning happens both ways. Find field partners that can support and teach each other, and you.
 5. Country Development Agenda Alignment | Align your corporate efforts with the country's development efforts so that local governments will welcome and help with program implementation.
 6. Repeat Engagement | Build long-term partnerships with organizations in the field.
 7. Linking to CSR Strategy | To improve reporting and executive support, show that the program can enhance existing social impact initiatives.
IV. Companies with ICV Programs
Many companies have formal international corporate volunteering programs, some of the most recognized brands include IBM, Pfizer, SAP, Intel, Microsoft, Credit Suisse, DOW, Ernst & Young, and Google. Many more encourage and support individual efforts on sabbaticals and vacations. For more information on international volunteering, this previous blog post provides statistics about volunteering overseas.
Here are some great news articles about how companies are using international corporate volunteering:
 1. International Corporate Volunteering: Rapidly Growing Trend to Advance People, Planet, and Profits (Huffington Post)
 2. Social Sabbaticals and the New Face of Leadership (SSIR)
 3. Volunteering For Impact – Best Practices in International Corporate Volunteering (Report)
 4. International Corporate Volunteering: Profitable for Corporations (Huffington Post)
 5. Behind the Growth of International Corporate Volunteerism & What to Consider When Starting a Program (CSRWire)
 6. Making Global Impact Through International Volunteering (Realized Worth)
 7. International Corporate Volunteerism: A Game Changer (Forbes)
 8. High-value Skilled-based Volunteerism (TrueImpact)
 9. Why International Corporate Volunteering (Pyxera Global)
 10. The Ultimate Employee Do-Gooder Perk (FastCompany)
V. More Information on International Skills Based Volunteering in Corporations
If you have more questions about kick-starting a corporate volunteering program, I do free 30 min calls to help people volunteer their skills around the world. Find time with me here.
The following Infographic from Pyxera Global also provides some very useful information about ICV programs.
In summary, the 2014 ICV conference by Pyxera Global, Catalyzing Growth in Emerging Markets, was a massive success. Companies in-tune with the message will certainly help advance people, planet, and profits.
(If I'm missing any valuable resources, please let me know in the comments below).


Friends in the Workplace Make For a Better World
Do you have a best friend at work? This question elicits frowns, outright dismissal of the concept or a tentative nod. Gallup, the analytics and advisory company, found that the inclusion of this question in their employee engagement questionnaire was the most controversial.
Friends At Work
The answer lies in the competitiveness that most people feel with their coworkers. There are no friends at work, only colleagues is the advice I was given when I took my woebegone face to a boss about a friend's aggressive work behavior.
But research time and again has proved my erstwhile boss wrong. Friendship at work is the strongest predictor of productivity
Why is it so – Friends At Workplace?
Studies show that employees with a best friend at work are more focused, more engaged with the organization, and tend to stay longer in their jobs.
Gallup's research shows a strong link between having a best friend at work and the amount of effort employees expend in their job. It says women who strongly agree they have a best friend at work are more than twice as likely to be engaged (63%) compared with the women who say otherwise (29%).
A joint study by management professors at the University of Pennsylvania and the University of Minnesota showed that friends who worked together communicated better and offered teammates positive encouragement. The feedback amongst friendly teammates was more honest. The reasoning was that when friends work together they are more invested in the work and there is a social pressure to also perform better.
Friends Work Together Give More Productivity
When there are no friendships at work, what is the result? Psychologists call it process loss. When two colleagues are at loggerheads, there is an obvious loss of productivity because more energy is wasted in futile competitiveness, there is no meeting of minds, miscommunication, and sometimes it descends into a full-on undeclared war.
The loss is felt by the organization as energies are wasted in inessential things rather than on the task at hand.
We spend a lot of our time at work and it is natural to seek connections at the workplace.
Gallup says that people with friends at the workplace are seven times more engaged in their jobs, are better at engaging customers, produce higher quality work, have higher well-being, and are less likely to get injured on the job.
Friends At WorkPlace
Friends At Work Boost Productivity
Gallup's research shows that women who have a strong friendship network at the workplace are less likely to leave the workforce in their prime working years to be stay-at-home mothers. Gallup's research has found that the social aspect of their working life is a major driving force for women to continue working even under challenging circumstances.
Women who had a best friend at work were not actively looking out for a job, trusted their co-workers, were more open to risks and innovations, reported positive work experiences, and were less likely to complain of bad days at work.
The corporate culture is just not conducive to having a balanced work and family life for women who want to work. Spending 40 plus hours away from home and hearth to fritter away a major part of those earnings on home and child help does not make economic sense. Organizations will have to work really hard to come up with viable solutions to retain this major part of the talent pool to maintain a gender diverse workplace. The research also throws up the fact that women in the workforce do not have a wholesome social life compared to those out of work; it is 38 % vs 43%.
Friendships At Work
Gallup says that organizations should encourage good relationships at work as it improves the bottomline of the company. People are happier, more engaged and produce better work when they have solid connections at work.
Research shows the 2 out of 10 people in the US cite having best friends at work and Gallup's study says that if were to multiply this ratio and make it 6 out of 10 then there will be –
 - 36% fewer safety incidents
 - 7% more engaged customers
 - 12% higher profit
A good way to achieve a more engaged and connected workforce is to encourage open communication, promote more social occasions, and encourage cross-functional team activities so that people from different units can meet and get to know each other. An engaged and committed workforce with a good network of teammates and friends in the organization means a cohesive workforce.
Priyansha Mistry
Priyansha Mistry
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Definitions for john brown
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word john brown
Princeton's WordNet
 1. Brown, John Brown(noun)
 1. John Brown
 John Brown was an American abolitionist who believed armed insurrection was the only way to overthrow the institution of slavery in the United States. During 1856 in Kansas, Brown commanded forces at the Battle of Black Jack and the Battle of Osawatomie. Brown's followers also killed five pro-slavery supporters at Pottawatomie. In 1859, Brown led an unsuccessful raid on the federal armory at Harpers Ferry that ended with his capture. Brown's trial resulted in his conviction and a sentence of death by hanging. Brown's attempt in 1859 to start a liberation movement among enslaved African Americans in Harpers Ferry, Virginia electrified the nation. He was tried for treason against the Commonwealth of Virginia, the murder of five men and inciting a slave insurrection. He was found guilty on all counts and was hanged. Southerners alleged that his rebellion was the tip of the abolitionist iceberg and represented the wishes of the Republican Party to end slavery. Historians agree that the Harpers Ferry raid in 1859 escalated tensions that, a year later, led to secession and the American Civil War. Brown first gained attention when he led small groups of volunteers during the Bleeding Kansas crisis. Unlike most other Northerners, who advocated peaceful resistance to the pro-slavery faction, Brown believed that peaceful resistance was shown to be ineffective and that the only way to defeat the oppressive system of slavery was through violent insurrection. He believed he was the instrument of God's wrath in punishing men for the sin of owning slaves.
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Unrestricted Net Assets
What are 'Unrestricted Net Assets'
Unrestricted net assets are a group of items owned by the government with commercial or exchange value that have no external restrictions regarding their use or function. Unrestricted net assets appear in government accounting and are government-owned assets that can be utilized for any decided-upon purpose. This is in contrast to restricted net assets that are assigned to specific purposes.
BREAKING DOWN 'Unrestricted Net Assets'
Government accounting includes the principles and procedures used by local, state and federal governments for accounting purposes. Rules are established by the National Council on Governmental Accounting. Assets of local, state and federal governments are typically restricted to specific uses and purposes, however, unrestricted net assets fall outside this limitation.


Quick Answer: Can You Get Hepatitis From Toilet Water?
How far can toilet water splash?
15 feetPhilip Tierno, a microbiologist at New York University, says that aerosol plumes can reach as high as 15 feet..
Can you get a yeast infection from toilet water?
It's unlikely that a yeast infection can be transmitted directly through bath water, but there are some caveats that you should keep in mind. As a rule, showers are better than baths when you're in the process of treating a yeast infection.
Which hepatitis is spread through water?
Wells, if properly installed and maintained, provide a safe source of water in the U.S. When any water source, including private wells, is contaminated with feces from infected humans, the water can potentially spread the Hepatitis A virus.
Can Hep C virus survive in water?
How long can hep C live in liquid?
They found that in a liquid environment, HCV was detectable for up to five months at lower temperatures. that HCV could survive in a liquid medium for two days at 98ºF (body temperature),16 days at 77 ºF and at least six weeks at 40ºF (average refrigerator temperature).
Is it OK to drink toilet water?
What STD can you get from a toilet seat?
Which hepatitis is not curable?
Can you get chlamydia from toilet water?
It can also be passed by a pregnant woman to her baby. Chlamydia cannot be passed on through casual contact, such as kissing and hugging, or from sharing baths, towels, swimming pools, toilet seats or cutlery.
Can you get diseases from toilet water?
Don't worry. HIV, syphilis, and other sexually transmitted infections are not transmitted by toilets, toilet water, or toilet brushes. Even if you have been biting your nails, you do not need to worry about getting an STI this way.
Is it bad if toilet water splashes on you?
Dr. Cullins warns, "Anything that brings bacteria in contact with the vulva and/or urethra can cause a UTI. This can happen when germs enter the urethra during sex, unwashed hands touching genitals, or even when toilet water back splashes." Yeah, you can get a UTI from the bacteria in toilet water back splash.
How many germs are in toilet water?
After swabbing the same four areas on five separate toilet bowls found in five different homes, the team found that on average, the toilets contained 125.55 colony-forming units of bacteria per square inch. That means that on a standard, 16.5-inch toilet bowl there could be more than 34,000 units of bacteria in total.
Can hepatitis B spread by toilet seat?
There is no risk of infection from normal social contact. You cannot catch hepatitis B or Hepatitis C from a toilet seat, by touching or hugging an infected person. Crockery and cutlery used by someone with Hepatitis B or C can be washed in hot soapy water or dishwasher in the normal way.
Can Hep B survive in water?
How long does Hep C live on clothes?
Is there bacteria in toilet water?
"Since the water in the toilet bowl contains bacteria and other microbes from feces, urine and maybe even vomit, there will be some in the water droplets. Every gram of human feces contains billions and billions of bacteria, as well as viruses and even some fungi."
What organ is affected by hepatitis?


text:
C-TRAN has used Bus on Shoulder lanes since they were first implemented in Clark County in 2017. The concept allows transit vehicles to use the shoulder of a given corridor to bypass traffic during times of heavy congestion. It creates faster travel times for buses and more reliable transit service for our region's commuters.
There are limitations:
- For a bus to use the shoulder, the overall speed of traffic must be less than 35 mph.
- While using the shoulder, buses are only allowed to go up to 15 mph faster than other traffic, to a maximum speed of 35 mph.
- Priority for shoulder use is always given to emergency vehicles, stalls or breakdowns.
Bus-only shoulder lanes are currently in use on three freeway corridors in the region: State Route 14, Interstate 5 and Interstate 205.
State Route 14
Location: SR 14 between SE 164th Avenue and Interstate 205, Vancouver
Direction: Eastbound and westbound
Primary C-TRAN routes on corridor: 41, 65, 67, 164
Location: I-5 between 99th Street and the Interstate Bridge, Vancouver
Primary C-TRAN routes on corridor: 105, 134, 157, 199
Location: I-205 across the Glenn Jackson Bridge, Vancouver/Portland
Direction: Northbound and southbound
Primary C-TRAN routes on corridor: 65, 67, 164, 177

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Stop feeling frustrated with the seemingly never-ending drinking or drug-related calls.
Create a positive relationship between your students and the campus police department.
When officers use motivational interviewing (MI) on patrol they can engage students in a positive and collaborative conversation about the student's high-risk substance misuse. This mini-course will share personal experiences and stories of police officers using MI on patrol. The course will highlight the four primary benefits of using MI on patrol and how officers can implement community policing with a proven student-centered approach.
What you'll get:
- Six modules
- pdf resources
- Next steps to keep building your MI skills!


I know persistent lava lakes are rare, but do they occur in all volcanoes originally, and just not persist over time?
No, they do not.
Lava lakes require the lava to have low viscosity (that is, be very fluid or water like). If you look at the Wikipedia article for Lava lake, you will see that "basalt" or "phonolite" are mentioned. Those are indeed types of lavas (actually rock) that are very fluid. These are the kind of lava that end up forming lava flows.
On the other hand, there are other types of lavas that do not flow, because their viscosity is too high: rhyolite is one example. Explosive volcanoes (think Mt St Helens) are explosive (mostly) because of the high viscosity of the lava. Therefore, volcanoes erupting explosively (almost) never have lava lakes, because the lava itself is not fluid enough to make a lake.
 - 2
 $\begingroup$ I think you meant "high viscosity of the lava"? $\endgroup$ – jamesqf Mar 31 '16 at 17:34
 - $\begingroup$ _USER_ of course. I should stop doing that. $\endgroup$ – Gimelist Mar 31 '16 at 21:25
A great many volcanoes have really deep magma chambers. At the surface they eject ash clouds or pyroclastics. There are also agglomerate type volcanoes, the deepest of which are kimberlite pipes. So no, don't expect to see lava lakes in many volcanoes.
Your Answer


text:
[Date Prev][Date Next][Thread Prev][Thread Next][Date Index][Thread Index]
Mac MacPaint to Symbolics MacPaint
Date: Tue, 1 Nov 88 18:42 EST
From: _EMAIL_@yktvmh.watson.ibm.com (Jeffrey Mark Siskind)
I guess that I left out a crucial point. Snapping an endpoint of a line
to an object can snap it to anywhere on the object. I particularly want
to snap it to the point where if the line were continued it would reach
a particular point inside the object, say the center of a circle. I don't
think that this can be done in Illustrate.
Actually, it can. Try using the following trick. First, draw a
temporary line that ends in the center of the circle and starts at the
appropriate point. Next, draw a second line that follows the first,
clicking MIDDLE once you're near the circle. Finally, delete the first
line you drew.
There are several similar methods for "guiding" your drawings.


text:
The main ingredient in Aquaphor Healing Ointment is petrolatum, an active protecting ingredient. Petrolatum sits on the skin as a semi-occlusive barrier that lets it protect itself while allowing moisture and oxygen in. Inactive ingredients found in Aquaphor Healing Ointment are mineral oil, ceresin, lanolin alcohol, panthenol, glycerin and bisabolol.Continue Reading
Aquaphor Healing Ointment is best known for keeping wounds and scars moist so they can heal, using petrolatum to form an ointment. The lanolin alcohol in Aquaphor (also known as wool wax) has cholesterol and fatty acids that help make the skin smoother. Glycerin is a natural moisturizing factor that helps to keep the wound moisturized. Panthenol, also known as pro vitamin B5, helps to condition the wound and has humectant properties. Bisabolol is derived from the chamomile plant, and it acts as an anti-inflammatory and anti-pruritic.
Aquaphor contains no perfumes, scents, preservatives or dyes. Aquaphor Healing Ointment can be used to treat new or old wounds effectively over time and with daily use. The proper way to apply Aquaphor is by cleaning the wound, applying Aquaphor Healing Ointment and then immediately applying a bandage to the wound. Aquaphor Healing Ointment is sold over the counter at major retail stores.Learn more about Skin Care


Garrion Bridge
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Garrion Bridge
Garrion Bridge is located in North Lanarkshire
Garrion Bridge
Garrion Bridge
 Garrion Bridge shown within North Lanarkshire
OS grid reference NS792510
Council area North Lanarkshire
Lieutenancy area Lanarkshire
Country Scotland
Sovereign state United Kingdom
Post town WISHAW
Postcode district ML2
Dialling code 01698
Police Scottish
Fire Scottish
Ambulance Scottish
EU Parliament Scotland
UK Parliament Motherwell and Wishaw
Scottish Parliament Motherwell and Wishaw
List of places
Coordinates: 55°44′15″N 3°55′22″W / 55.737402°N 3.922871°W / 55.737402; -3.922871
Garrion Bridge is a small hamlet spanning the border between North Lanarkshire and South Lanarkshire, Scotland. It is located on the banks of the Clyde Valley, 18 miles (29 km) south-east of Glasgow. The hamlet is most commonly associated with the nearby town of Wishaw.
The hamlet has grown around a main river crossing of the River Clyde in Lanarkshire. The area spans both sides of the river, with some of the houses actually located in South Lanarkshire. There are more than a dozen houses located around the bridge. There is an independent garden and antique centre, operating in the premises of the recently closed Banana ripery operated by Fyffes.
Transport links[edit]
The area is still dominated by the river crossing, which remains the most important bridge over the Clyde for several miles in either direction. The original bridge, constructed in 1817 and still in use, was supplemented in 2002 by a new bridge slightly upstream, creating for the first time a bi-directional flow of traffic over the river in the form of a roundabout.[1] Prior to this, Garrion Bridge was a notorious traffic bottleneck, with an acute crossroads formed by the junctions of the A71 and A72. As the original (1817) bridge was single lane, the traffic was signal-controlled with only one direction able to cross the bridge at any one time. This led to huge delays, also in part due to the meeting of the A71 from the west and the A72 from the north having a very acute angle with no turning restrictions, which often led to large vehicles becoming stuck. This was rectified by moving the intersection of the northern A72 and western A71 almost 0.5 miles (0.80 km) up the valley side to a new roundabout, and removing the original alignment of the A72. This work was carried out at the same time of the construction of the new bridge in 2001.
There is some public transport in the area, with a regular bus service provided by First Glasgow operating between Larkhall and Glasgow and a more sporadic local authority supported service between Hamilton and Carluke.
 1. ^ [1]
External links[edit]


text: This is a study of the Protestant utopian movement that began in Germany, inspired in large measure by the writings of Johann Valentin Andreae and came to England through the efforts of the emigre Samuel Hartlib. The first chapters examine Andreae's utopian writings, including the Rosicrucian manifestos, as part of his lifelong commitment to found a Societas Christiana, a spiritual elite that would improve religious and intellectual life. His writings sparked a transnational movement in early modern Europe. The most significant of the German learned societies are discussed: The Societas Ereunetica, Unio Christiana and Antilia. The latter chapters consider Hartlib's English circles and various utopian and learned societies in the 1650s. The text seeks to contribute to the understanding of the role that "secret" societies and epistolary networks had in the republic of letters.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text: Observation TowerStanding in the open mountain pass of Dukla on the Slovak-Polish borders you can see an observatory tower offering a spectacular view of the Slovak and Polish land – the background scenery of the fights during the Karpathian-Dukla operation. The Tower was opened up for public in 1974 on the 30th anniversary of the Battle of Dukla pass. It is 49 m high and was built on the site of an original wooden observatory tower from 1959 nearby a temporary observatory site of the commander of the 1.Czechoslovakian army corps. The tower interior is well-decorated with some art pieces of the sculptor A. Raček: "Vítanie osloboditeľov – Welcome of the liberators ", a figure composition "Spoločný boj – Common fight" of the academic sculpture J. Koreň. The tower exterior is decorated with " Lime tree branch" being a symbol of a Slavonian solidarity created by an academic sculptor F. Patočka. Inside the observatory tower we can find: "A plan of an attack of the Red Army through Karpathy mountains to help directly SNU" and "An actual map in the space of the Dukla pass from September 30 up to November 5th 1944".


How do I respond to a PayPal dispute filed by my buyer?
You can communicate directly with your buyer through a message board in the dispute case. Here's how to respond to a dispute:
 1. Go to Resolution Center.
 2. Click View under "Action" next to your case.
 3. Respond to the buyer and enter any relevant information (such as tracking information), and then click Send.
What's Next?
You have 20 days from the date that the dispute was opened to communicate with your buyer.
If you can't come to a resolution within 20 days, you or the buyer can escalate the dispute to a claim to let PayPal investigate the case. If the dispute isn't escalated within 20 days, the case will be automatically closed on the 21st day and the held payment will be released to you. PayPal may escalate a dispute to a claim at any time.
After a dispute is escalated to a claim, you must respond to the case within 10 days. Then, PayPal will review the case and decide the outcome, usually within 10-14 days. You can view the case status and provide additional information in the Resolution Center. PayPal may determine the outcome of your claim in a shorter timeframe. PayPal may also take action based on coverage and eligibility requirements set forth in the User Agreement, any additional information provided during the online dispute resolution process, or any other information PayPal deems relevant and appropriate under the circumstances, such as your claim history.


text:
19th Century Subdivision Map of Planned Bartow Village
Located at _URL_
Please Click Here for Index to All Blog Postings.
During the mid to late 19th century, there was an area in the Town of Pelham known as Bartow. The hamlet of Bartow was a quaint and small collection of residences located on the mainland near City Island. The entire area -- as well as City Island -- was annexed by New York City, effective in 1896. Before then, however, the little area known variously as Bartow, Bartow-on-the-Sound, Bartow Station and Bartow Village became an important part of Pelham and its history.
Detail of 1895 Map by Julius Bien & Co.
Showing Bartow, Northwest of City Island.
All that remains today of the little hamlet of Bartow are the remnants of a once beautiful stone train station designed by famed architect Cass Gilbert and built in 1908 to replace the little wooden station built on the branch line in the 1870s. The station was known as Bartow station. Today the stone station is a collapsed and decrepit shell covered with vandals' graffiti.
in Pelham Bay Park
I have published to the Historic Pelham Blog a number of postings about the hamlet of Bartow and the remnants of its train station. See:
Thu. March 24, 2005: The Bartow Area of Pelham in the 19th Century: Where Was It?
Thu. July 21, 2005: Today's Remnants of the Bartow Station on the Branch Line Near City Island?
This "Map of Bartow Village" shows a planned subdivision thwarted by New York City's acquisition and annexation of the lands as part of its development of Pelham Bay Park during the late 19th century. The map offers an interesting insight into the area. The railroad tracks cross the map from left to right in its very center. The small black rectangle at the center of the map represents the Bartow Station. A photograph of the remnants of that station appears above.
Today's pathway leading to the remnants of the station appears to lie approximately where "Third Street" was planned in the little Village. On the Long Island Sound side of the railroad tracks, there were a number of streets planned to lead from today's Shore Road toward the railroad tracks: First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Streets. Third Street was the only such street planned to cross the railroad tracks. Bishop Avenue was planned for construction parallel to the railroad tracks on the Sound side immediately in front of the Railroad Depot.
On the side of the railroad tracks away from the Long Island Sound (opposite the Railroad Depot) two streets were planned for construction parallel to the railroad tracks: Oak Avenue and Chestnut Avenue.
Interestingly, the map seems to reflect that a number of the properties near the Railroad Depot were reserved by the Bartow Estate involved in the development of the subdivision -- presumably because the properties likely were among the most commercially valuable. A few others appear to have been reserved for -- or owned by -- others including J.H. Byron.
Today the area sits near the Pelham Bit Stables in Pelham Bay Park. Rarely do those who pass even realize that a residential village once was planned where today there is little more than trees, brambles and a lovely bridle trail.


Beading Projects
Back to Tutorials
Stars and Swirls Necklace
You know I love a challenge, right? If I didn't we wouldn't have bought our 1970's original condition home.
When I saw these metal twist beads, I wondered what you would use them for. I pondered this for quite some time.
Finally, I decided that using them as a focal point in a necklace would be a great place to start and so was born the Stars and Swirls Necklace.
This is a really easy piece to make but it packs a real punch. It sits quite high on the neck but you could easily make it longer by adding more of the 3mm bicones and black ball beads at the end.
Here's what you'll need to make this necklace:
Watch the video or read the instructions below.
Step 1
Place the bead stopper on one end of the Tiger Tail.
Step 2
Lay five of the Metal Twist Beads out on your mat and ensure that they are all facing the same way.
Step 3
Thread the centre portion on using the layout diagram below. Repeat until you have strung on five of the Metal Twist Beads, ensuring you have a 3mm ball bead on each end.
Thread on one extra 8mm bicone on each end.
Step 4
Next thread a Metal Twist bead on each end. Twist the Tiger Tail around the Twist bead so that the Tiger Tail runs through the centre of the bead.
Step 5
Thread on 10 of the 3mm black balls and push them inside the Metal Twist bead.
Repeat for the other side.
Step 6
String on one 8mm bicone.
Then repeat 1x 3mm ball, 1x 6mm bicone three times.
Repeat for the other side.
Step 7
Add the 3mm bicone and 3mm balls alternatively until you have eight of each bead. Finish with a ball.
Repeat for the other side.
Step 8
Add the Clasp
Thread on the Carlotte Clamp, Crimp bead and one side of the Toggle Clasp. Then thread the Tiger Tail back down through the Crimp bead, the clamp and three beads.
Pull the Tiger Tail tight enough to bring the beads close but still allow the toggle clasp to move around.
Ensure the crimp bead is sitting inside the clamp. Using your chain nose pliers, squeeze the crimp until it is flat.
Using the chain nose pliers, carefully squeeze the clamp closed around the crimp bead. It should still be round so that it looks a bit like a bead.
Hook the loop of the clamp through the loop of the toggle clasp and squeeze closed. You may need to bend the loop to the right shape to get it through.
Trim off the excess Tiger Tail as close as you can to the beads.
Ensuring that there is no space between the beads, repeat for the other side of the necklace, adding the other piece of the toggle clasp. You should aim to have some movement allowance but no visible spaces between beads.
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Can you scroll a result set returned from a stored procedure?
Joe Sam Shirah
A CallableStatement is no different than other Statements in regard to whether related ResultSets are scrollable. You should create the CallableStatement using Connection.prepareCall(String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency).
For more information, see 7.1.1 Creating a CallableStatement Object, Can a stored procedure return an updatable ResultSet?, and How do I receive a ResultSet from a stored procedure?.


R/Converting Geographic Coordinates to Kilometers
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(Converting Lat/Long to km)
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This is a little piece of code I always have to go look for in my computer for converting geographic coordinates to kilometers. It takes a vector of longitudes (Long) and latitudes (Lat) and returns a projection of those points (x.km and y.km) around their mean in kilometers.
 x0 <- mean(range(Long))
 y0 <- mean(range(Lat))
 rx <- 6371 * acos(sin(y0*pi/180)^2 + cos(y0*pi/180)^2 * cos((x0+.5)*pi/180 - (x0-.5)*pi/180))
 ry <- 6371 * acos(sin((y0-.5)*pi/180) * sin((y0+.5)*pi/180) + cos((y0-.5)*pi/180) * cos((y0+.5)*pi/180))
 x.km <-(Long-x0)*rx
 y.km <-(Lat-y0)*ry
Note that there are, probably, a dozen little functions that do this in different geographic packages on-line. This does a good enough job. The 6371 is the'mean' radius of the earth, which ranges from 6357 at the poles to 6378 at the equator. You could presumably make things more accurate by modeling the radius as a function of latitude, but are unlikely to improve your precision by more than (6378 - 6357)/6378 = 0.3%.
Personal tools


text:
Introduction | Specific Types of Disabilities | Documentation Requirements | How is Documentation Reviewed? | Requests for Further Review | Letter to Faculty Form | Typical Accommodation Requests | Confidentiality | Campus Resources | Other Local Disability Resource Coordinators | Disabilities and the Law | The University of Rochester's Policy
Letter to Faculty Form
Students meet with their access coordinator to review their personal accommodation letters. This letter lists the student's in-class accommodations (i.e., extended time, alternate text location, note taker, FM system, etc.). If students wish to inform any or all of their instructors about these accommodations, they should download the Letter to Faculty Form as a PDF and return it to _EMAIL_. Alternatively, the Letter to Faculty form can be obtained at CETL in 1-154 Dewey Hall.
The Letter to Faculty form must be completed each semester in which a student wishes to inform his or her instructors.


text:
Definitions for xerophyteˈzɪər əˌfaɪt
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word xerophyte
desert plant, xerophyte, xerophytic plant, xerophile, xerophilous plant(noun)
plant adapted for life with a limited supply of water; compare hydrophyte and mesophyte
Any plant suited for life in a habitat where water is scarce, such as in a desert or chaparral. Such plants may be succulent, have small or reduced leaves, or spines.
A desert plant
Origin: xero- + -phyte
A xerophyte is a species of plant that has adapted to survive in an arid environment, such as a desert. The morphology and physiology of xerophytes are variously adapted to conserve water, and commonly also to store large quantities of water, during dry periods. Other species may be adapted to survive long periods of desiccation of their tissues, during which their metabolic activity may effectively shut down. Plants with such morphological and physiological adaptations are called xeromorphic.
The numerical value of xerophyte in Chaldean Numerology is: 6
The numerical value of xerophyte in Pythagorean Numerology is: 1
Images & Illustrations of xerophyte
Translations for xerophyte
From our Multilingual Translation Dictionary
Get even more translations for xerophyte »
Find a translation for the xerophyte definition in other languages:
Select another language:


text:
Try the following:
- Lift your finger, and then tap the tap sensor rather firmly.
- If you do not put the headset's units on both of your ears, you can't adjust the volume, even if you tap the tap sensors.
- If the tap sensors are disabled, you can't adjust the volume. Use the following procedure to reactivate the tap sensors.
- Put the headset's units on both of your ears.
- If the Bluetooth® function is on, hold down the button on the left (L) unit for 2 seconds to turn off the Bluetooth function.
- Hold down the button on the right (R) unit for 4 seconds.
- You can also reactivate the tap sensors when the headset's units are set in the charging case.


text:
Specialized root structures of bald cypress that grow vertically above water or moist soil. It is thought that these structures aid the oxygen/carbon dioxide exchange in the roots.
| Bald Cypress - knees
Montezuma Cypress - no knees
Q: I have bald cypress trees in my yard. The root nodules are becoming a problem with my lawn mower. Would it damage the trees if I trimmed them off at ground level? B.D., Dallas.
A: Yes, the knees are part of the root system. Change the area to mulch or ground cover and try to dry out the soil. The knees grow in overly moist soil.
QUESTION: I have a bald cypress, and the roots are coming out of the ground all around the yard. Some are close to the tree and some are far away. The roots come out of the ground for about 12 inches or less and then go back into the ground. How can I keep this from happening? Can I cut the roots that are already protruding without hurting the tree? K.E., Fort Worth
ANSWER: This is a characteristic of bald cypress. Their roots always do this to some degree, especially when the ground stays moist to wet. Improving the drainage and reducing your use of water will help, but the only way to eliminate the protruding roots is to remove the tree. I would suggest instead that you use mulch or plant a groundcover around the tree so you won't need to mow over or around cypress roots.


Debugging Memory Issues with Open vSwitch DPDK
Debugging Memory Issues with Open vSwitch DPDK
This article is about debugging out-of-memory issues with Open vSwitch with the Data Plane Development Kit (OvS-DPDK). It explains the situations in which you can run out of memory when using OvS-DPDK and it shows the log entries that are produced in those circumstances. It also shows some other log entries and commands for further debugging.
When you finish reading this article, you will be able to identify that you have an out-of-memory issue and you'll know how to fix it. Spoiler: Usually having some more memory on the relevant NUMA node works. It is based on OvS 2.9.
As is normal with DPDK-type applications, it is expected that hugepage memory has been set up and mounted. For further information see set up huge pages.
The next step is to specify the amount of memory pre-allocated for OvS-DPDK. This is done using the Open vSwitch Database (OVSDB). In the case below, 4GB of huge-page memory is pre-allocated on NUMA node 0 and NUMA node 1.
# ovs-vsctl --no-wait set Open_vSwitch. other_config:dpdk-socket-mem=4096,4096
The default is 1GB for NUMA 0 if dpdk-socket-mem is not specified.
Now, let's look at the times when we can run out of memory.
You can run out of memory when DPDK is initialized, which happens when ovs-vswitchd is running and the OVSDB entry dpdk-init is set to true.
A useful log entry to watch for during initialization is this:
|dpdk|INFO|EAL ARGS: ovs-vswitchd -c 0x1 --socket-mem 4096,4096
This will confirm that the dpdk-socket-mem you thought you were setting was actually set and passed to DPDK (thus avoiding the embarrassment of someone else pointing out that your scripts were wrong).
The most likely way to run out of memory during initialization is that huge page memory was not set up correctly:
|dpdk|INFO|EAL: 32 hugepages of size _PHONE_ reserved, but no mounted hugetlbfs found for that size
Another way is that you are requesting too much memory:
|dpdk|ERR|EAL: Not enough memory available on socket 0! Requested: 32768MB, available: 16384MB
Or you request none at all:
|dpdk|ERR|EAL: invalid parameters for --socket-mem
All these issues can be fixed by correctly setting up huge pages and requesting to pre-allocate an appropriate amount.
Adding a Port or Changing the MTU
These situations are grouped together because they can both result in a new pool of buffers being requested for a port. Where possible, these pools of buffers will be shared and reused, but that is not always possible due to differing port NUMA nodes or MTUs.
For new requests, the size of each buffer is fixed (MTU-based) but the number of buffers can be variable and OvS-DPDK will retry for a lower number of buffers if there is not enough memory for initial requests.
When DPDK cannot provide the requested memory to any one of the requests, it reports the following:
|dpdk|ERR|RING: Cannot reserve memory
While that may look serious, it's nothing to worry about because OvS handles this and simply retries for a lower amount. If however, the retries do not work then the following will be in the log:
|netdev_dpdk|ERR|Failed to create memory pool for netdev dpdk0, with MTU 9000 on socket 0: Cannot allocate memory
This case is an issue for functionality.
 - If you were adding a port, it will not be usable.
 - If you were changing the MTU, the MTU change fails but the port will continue to operate with the previous MTU.
How can you fix these errors? The general guide would be just to give OvS-DPDK more memory on the relevant NUMA node, or stick with a lower MTU.
Starting a VM
It doesn't seem obvious why you would run out of memory when starting a VM, as opposed to when you are adding a vhost port for it (previous section). The key is vhost NUMA reallocation.
When a VM is started, DPDK checks the NUMA node of the memory shared from the guest. This may result in requesting a new pool of buffers from the same NUMA node. But of course, there might be no memory pre-allocated with dpdk-socket-mem on that NUMA node, or else there might be insufficient memory left.
The log entry would be similar to the add port/change MTU cases:
|netdev_dpdk|ERR|Failed to create memory pool for netdev vhost0, with MTU 1500 on socket 1: Cannot allocate memory
The fix for this is having enough memory on the relevant NUMA node, or changing the libvirt/QEMU settings so VM memory is from a different NUMA node.
Runtime, Adding a Port, or Adding Queues
Didn't we already cover adding a port? Yes, we did; however, this section is for when we get a requested pool of buffers, but some time later that proves to be insufficient.
This might be because there are many ports and queues sharing a pool of buffers and by the time some buffers are reserved for Rx queues, some are in flight processing and some are waiting to be returned from Tx queues, so there just aren't enough buffers to go around.
For example, the log entries when this occurs while using a physical NIC could look like this:
|dpdk|ERR|PMD: ixgbe_alloc_rx_queue_mbufs(): RX mbuf alloc failed queue_id=0
|dpdk|ERR|PMD: ixgbe_dev_rx_queue_start(): Could not alloc mbuf for queue:0
|dpdk|ERR|PMD: ixgbe_dev_start(): Unable to start rxtx queues
|dpdk|ERR|PMD: ixgbe_dev_start(): failure in ixgbe_dev_start(): -1
|netdev_dpdk|ERR|Interface dpdk0 start error: Input/output error
For vhost ports, buffers are not reserved but you could see at runtime that you cannot get a new buffer while polling vhost ports. The log entry could look like this:
|dpdk(pmd91)|ERR|VHOST_DATA: Failed to allocate memory for mbuf.
If all the ports are needed, the easiest way to resolve this is to reduce the numbers of Rx queues or reserved buffers for the physical NICs. This can be done with the following command:
# ovs-vsctl set Interface dpdk0 options:n_rxq=4
or with this command:
# ovs-vsctl set Interface dpdk0 options:n_rxq_desc=1024
Alternatively, memory could be increased to ensure that a large pool of buffers will be available (that is, avoiding retries for lower amounts) but that approach scales only so far.
Further Debugging
If you run out of memory, there will be an error message in the log. If you want further details about the pools of memory being allocated, reused, and freed, you can turn on debug mode:
# ovs-appctl vlog/set netdev_dpdk:console:dbg
# ovs-appctl vlog/set netdev_dpdk:syslog:dbg
# ovs-appctl vlog/set netdev_dpdk:file:dbg
Allocated, reused, and freed messages will look like this:
|netdev_dpdk|DBG|Allocated "ovs_mp_2030_0_262144" mempool with 262144 mbufs
|netdev_dpdk|DBG|Reusing mempool "ovs_mp_2030_0_262144"
|netdev_dpdk|DBG|Freeing mempool "ovs_mp_2030_0_262144"
The name of the pool of buffers (that is, mempool) gives us some information:
2030 : Padded size of the buffer (derived from MTU)
0 : NUMA node the memory is allocated from
262144 : Number of buffers in the pool
There is also a command to show which mempool a port is using, as well as lots of other details (not shown):
# ovs-appctl netdev-dpdk/get-mempool-info dpdk0
mempool _USER_
If you have read to here, it probably means you've hit an issue with OvS-DPDK. Sorry to hear that. Hopefully, after reading the above guide you'll be able to identify if the issue was due to running out of memory and you'll know how to fix it.
Some guidance on how much memory is required and how to configure OvS-DPDK for multi-NUMA (including dpdk-socket-mem) can be found in the OVS-DPDK: How much memory and OVS-DPDK: Multi-NUMA articles on this blog.


phrases, sayings, idioms and expressions at
The meaning and origin of the expression: Back to basics
Browse phrases beginning with:
Back to basics
A return to previously held values of decency.
This became prominent in current language in the UK with a 1993 speech by UK Prime Minister John Major, although it had been used in everyday language long before that.
"The style and tone of the churches have undergone a major adjustment, gradually turning toward a 'back-to-basics' approach. "


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It's not about Milliamps Alone when Building an Effective Sense and Control Network
A fox or a squirrel, which one is stronger? Most people will answer "the fox", because it is a larger, more powerful animal. But if you define the question more precisely, the answer is different: "A fox or a squirrel, who is better placed to live through live through cold, harsh winters?" The answer is "the squirrel". A squirrel hibernates during the darkest and coldest periods and is able to survive by changing its metabolism. The fox, in contrast requires constant supply of food and water and is the lesser of the two animals relative to living through the winter.
A remarkable analogy exists with low-power wireless sensor applications. Many solutions solve the low-power in a traditional fashion: they reduce power by decreasing the current consumption during operation. However, this "traditional" way of reaching low power in not sufficient to answer the needs of wireless sensor applications. They require a different way to optimize for low power. In a way, many current solutions for wireless sensor applications have a "fox-based" design, whereas a real answer to the application needs requires out-of-box thinking to come up with the hibernation capabilities of the squirrel.


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Why Are Alcoholic Drinks Impure?
By: Ayatullah al-Uzma Shaykh Nasir Makarim Shirazi
& Ayatullah Ja'far Subhani
Question: Why have the Ulamah (learned) declared that alcoholic drinks are najis, whereas it cleans many things from the effects of contagious disease and kills many bacteria then what is the reason of it being impure?
Answer: Basically those things in Islam which are declared as najis have different reasons: From them some are najis due to their ingredients and because of them many disease take place (for example Urine and Blood) that is why Islam has considered them najis and instructed to refrain from them.
In the other sphere come those things, which are not apparently bad but are inertly bad and that is why Islam has stated them to be impure. For e.g. infidels - it is possible that a Kafir may be clean and tidy, as it is told in the answer of the seventeenth question that they are deviated according to faith; that is why he is impure on a spiritual basis, which cannot be removed by apparent cleanliness.
To safeguard the beliefs of Muslims, Islam has stated the infidels to be impure, that Muslims can be stopped from intermingling with them and save their spiritual cleanliness. If the infidels were not considered impure and it was allowed to intermingle with them it was possible that many people who do not have strong faith would have been impressed from their sayings and thinking.
Free intermingling with infidels would result in their penetrating into Islamic societies so restricting intercourse with them would protect the Muslims from any possible danger from them.
Thirdly are those things in which the above impurity is not there, but they are source to many social and personal problems for e.g. the alcoholic drinks.
It is correct that alcoholic drinks clean the contagious effect, but alcoholic drinks cause many evils. To stop those evils Islam has declared it impure. People would thus remain away from it, because it is natural that by not using something made from alcohol will creates hate towards it and this itself is war against alcoholic drinks.
 Very soon we will discuss about the impurity of infidels
 Whatever is said above is about alcoholic drinks, but as regards artificial alcohol being impure there is discussion between the scholars and Jurisprudents, because this type of alcohol is not generally meant for drinking, rather it is considered to be a poisonous substance.


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Weathering the Storm: Adolescent Girls and Climate Change
This report calls for better integration of adolescent girls' needs in climate change adaptation and disaster risk management policies and programmes, based on interviews with girls involved in Plan's programmes in Ethiopia and Bangladesh.
The impacts of climate change are different for different populations. While inevitably children everywhere are badly affected, the report illustrates how girls, in particular, are bearing the greatest burden. The report describes how increased climate stresses are exposing a growing number of adolescent girls to very specific risks:
- more girls and women are dying during disasters
- an increasing number are enduring early and forced marriages
- more girls are being exposed to sexual violence and the curtailment of their education.
The girls were clear on where they felt that policy priorities should be targeted. They want:
- greater access to quality education where they can learn skills to improve their adaptive capacity
- greater protection from violence, especially early forced marriage, sexual violence and forced labour
- they want their concerns to be heard and acted upon by policy makers.


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Why do some people get violent after boozingDecember 16th, 2008 - 6:17 pm ICT by ANI
Washington, Dec 16 (ANI): Have you ever wondered how generally calm people suddenly turn violent after downing a drink? Well, Finnish researchers have got the answer for you: it''s caused by an over active gene which triggers aggression.
Finnish researchers have found that drinking and MAOA gene can help predict impulsive violent behaviour in men.
The monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene is an outer membrane mitochondrial enzyme that breaks down monoamines such as serotonin, noradrenalin and dopamine.
A common polymorphism in MAOA results in highor low-activity MAOA that has been linked to aggression and violence.
The researchers have found that drinking and high-activity MAOA can predict the risk of impulsive violence, while aging may decrease this risk.
Roope Tikkanen, a researcher in the department of psychiatry at Helsinki University Central Hospital and corresponding author for the study and his colleagues decided to look at the MAOA gene, alcohol consumption and aging as predictors for recidivism in impulsive violent behavior among a sample of 174 Finnish alcoholic male offenders originally recruited between 1990 and 1998.
Each offender was given a psychiatric assessment; in addition, their alcohol consumption was measured, their violent behaviour was assessed, and they were genotyped for polymorphisms of MAOA.
"Increased alcohol consumption and aging seem to predict violence," said Tikkanen, "although these risk factors "work" in opposite directions, and only concern individuals who have been given by nature a high-activity variant of MAOA."
He said additional research has suggested that individuals with low-activity MAOA seem to be at risk for criminality and violence after exposure to severe childhood maltreatment.
"People react quite differently to acute alcohol exposure," Tikkanen said.
"Most individuals become relaxed and talkative, while some particularly persons who are introverted while sober become expansively extroverted and aggressive.
A dramatic change from a normally introverted personality to extroverted aggressiveness and uncontrolled behaviours under the influence of alcohol was formerly called "pathological intoxication" in Finland," he added.
Tikkanen suggests that high-activity MAOA offenders may be helped to control their violent behaviours by coaching to maintain alcohol abstinence, and possibly by psychopharmacological treatment to increase central serotonin levels.
The study will be published in Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research and are currently available at Early View. (ANI)
- Scientists discover gene that triggers violent anger - Dec 23, 2010
- There's a gene behind male moroseness - Aug 29, 2012
- Drunken rage could be in your genes - Dec 23, 2010
- Men carrying 'warrior gene' more likely to join gangs, use weapons - Jun 06, 2009
- 'Warrior gene' turns boys into violent gang members - Jun 06, 2009
- ''Warrior gene'' makes people aggressive - Jan 25, 2009
- Presence of 'warrior gene' triggers aggressiveness in people - Jan 24, 2009
- 'Midas touch' gene that makes people brilliant businessmen discovered - Dec 29, 2010
- Gene variation behind problem behaviours in adults with developmental disabilities unveiled - Jul 22, 2009
- Certain genetic makeup reduces the brain's neurons in drug addicts - Mar 08, 2011
- Scientists pinpoint brain receptor linked with rage - Jun 20, 2012
- Playing lottery, buying insurance - all in our genes - Jan 12, 2010
- Lack of enzyme creates skewed response to fear - Aug 12, 2011
- Is alcoholism in your genes? - Nov 25, 2011
- Good luck at gambling'may be in your genes' - Dec 08, 2010
Tags: acute alcohol, additional research, alcohol consumption, alcohol exposure, childhood maltreatment, concern individuals, criminality, factors work, finnish researchers, helsinki university, impulsive violence, monoamine oxidase, noradrenalin, outer membrane, polymorphisms, psychiatric assessment, recidivism, roope, violent behavior, violent behaviour


1. Forum
 2. >
 3. Topic: Indonesian
 4. >
 5. "Stop using the internet!"
"Stop using the internet!"
Translation:Berhenti menggunakan internet!
February 26, 2019
But then I can't lern Bahasa Indonesian.
Differences between menggunakan and memakai?
Generally the same, except you can use /memakai/ for wearing clothing also.
As it is an order, would it be wrong to use -kan? For example, 'hentikan'?
That would have a different meaning. Using /hentikan/ would be including the causative/benefactive suffix /-kan/ on the end of the root, so it would sound as though you were telling the hearer to cause someone or something else to stop using the internet. If it's the hearer who is using the internet (whom you would want to stop by saying this), then, no, you wouldn't use /-kan/.
However, you might using /hentilah/ instead for the purpose of more strongly emphasizing the verb as a command.
Learn Indonesian in just 5 minutes a day. For free.


Cal State Fullerton research team developing biometric authentication process
A student research team at Cal State Fullerton is currently working on a new process to improve personal security using multimodal biometric authentication, according to a report by Daily Titan.
The CSUF research team consists of seven students led by computer science professor Mikhail Gofman and information systems and decision sciences professor Sinjini Mitra, both of whom are experts in biometrics fusion research and biometric authentication, respectively.
The team recently presented at the CSUF Southern California Conference for Undergraduate Research.
Their focus is on improving smartphone and tablet security by developing a multimodal framework, which uses multiple inputs, such as face and voice, to unlock or secure these devices.
The research team believes that improved biometric authentications could provide more secure authentication protocols than traditional systems that use passwords and pins.
Additionally, the team's research also concluded that current sensor technology and biometric algorithms are not strong enough to stand up against advanced spoofing attacks or tend to not work well in less than ideal conditions.
The team tested both Fischer Faces and Hidden Markov Model algorithms, which are typically used in face and voice recognition.
Based on their tests, the algorithms were found to have 40% error rates. But when the team experimented using their own approach they were able to cut the error rates down to nearly 20%.
"Our preliminary results indicate that such 'multimodal' fusion yields significantly more accurate authentication results than methods that use only one single biometric trait," Mitra said.
The team's prototype allows the user to record a brief video of their face while speaking a sentence. The prototype then extracts the photographs and audio from the video, and statistically combines the samples to generate a third level of integrated biometrical inputs.
In the future, the team also plans to include fingerprinting in the process because many smartphones are now equipped with built-in fingerprint scanners.
To date, the research team has only experimented on the Android platform, but it hopes to soon conduct research on Apple's iOS.
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Although Paypal and the bank are similar in some aspects, they are two different entities that operate under different authorities. And each entity is not allowed to impose any limitations on other territories. In that sense, PayPal does not have any direct control over your bank account but can put restrictions on your PayPal account only.
However, when PayPal freezes any particular account, the respective account holder cannot transfer money to their bank account, which means it can indirectly freeze the individual account holder's linked bank account. So you need to be more concerned about PayPal's restrictions on PayPal accounts. Let's explore more about tissue.
PayPal is an online platform through which its users (business and personal) send and receive money. On the other hand, banks also send and receive money, but they are not limited to transaction activity only. Instead, they help people deposit their money, invest, and do many other activities.
So PayPal can be considered a partial online bank but not a bank due to its lower involvement in other banking activities. However, their transaction to be made more clearly requires the involvement of a bank; PayPal is somehow dependent on banks to send their users money to their bank account.
To do so, Users need to link their bank accounts with their PayPal accounts. To complete this process, they must provide PayPal with the necessary details of the bank account, which involve the bank account number, name, or branch location.
Once combining the PayPal account with the bank is done, users can send money from PayPal to their bank or from their bank to PayPal. So overall, the primary relationship between banks and PayPal is to ensure the smooth movement of transactions between two entities.
As stated, PayPal does not have direct control over freezing your bank account. Still, when you are restricted from transferring money from your PayPal account to your bank account, it means Paypal is indirectly freezing your linked bank account. Let's explore the dynamics between the bank account and the PayPal account.
You cannot send or withdraw money if your account is frozen or restricted. As soon as PayPal limits your account, they will let you know the reasons behind the limitation by sending you an email.
There can be many reasons, and, depending on the reasons, they will ask you to complete some steps. By responding to their query, you can remove the limitation. Here are some common reasons:
Sometimes users request PayPal for certain products like debit cards, which require them to obey government rules and regulations; PayPal puts restrictions on your account for a certain period to meet these requirements.
Paypal strictly restricts the sale of banned items such as firearms or prescription drugs. Therefore, selling prohibited items violates their policy, so PayPal may limit your account.
If PayPal detects any fraudulent activity in your account, they may freeze it. These activities include accessing your account without authorization, unauthorized transfers from PayPal to your bank, and someone using your debit and credit cards without your permission.
If you receive a larger amount of money than you usually receive, PayPal may consider the amount illegal. So they may put restrictions on your account and ask you some relevant questions about the source of the money.
If your sales performance reduces, like when more buyers ask for a refund, PayPal may limit your account. Also, if you start selling a more expensive and entirely new product, PayPal may freeze your account.
In many cases, if your sales volume rises above average, PayPal may limit your account.
Last, they may limit your account if it is not used for a long time. You must prove your identity by providing them with the necessary details to restore your account.
Usually, you will get an email. If not, find and go to their "contact us" page. You will have the option to call them at the bottom of the page. In most cases, PayPal needs this basic information from you to restore the account.
- Bank account statement
- Credit card statement that is linked
- Your email address
- Your Telephone Number
Prevention is always better than cure because cure wastes money and time. To prevent future hassle, you can do certain things so account freeze does not happen. Here is what you can do.
- Let PayPal know your big move ahead of time. If you launch a new product, let them know because such a move will likely increase your transaction volume, among other things.
- Let Paypal know your business and tell them not to restrict any significant amount.
- If you have both a debit and credit card, link both to your Paypal account.
- Ensure there is no discrepancy between your PayPal account and bank account names.
- Also, make sure to use the exact address and phone number.
How Long Does Paypal Hold Your Money, and Can You Sue Them?
As per the policy, PayPal can freeze your account for 180 days. However, depending on the severity of the problem, that only occurs occasionally; generally, they resolve the issue within a few days.
On the other hand, if you want to sue them, especially if the amount is more than $10000, you certainly can do that, but there is a chance that the result will come against you.
Also, suing such a big company is not a wise decision if you are not big. Instead, cooperating and solving the issue is a better idea.
Unfortunately, PayPal is not available in many countries. If you live in one of those countries, PayPal does not facilitate transactions for your small business.
No worries if you do not have a PayPal account, or if PayPal is not available in your country, provide a verified PayPal business account. Here is what we offer:
Business and personal Paypal accounts include verified phone numbers, bank, cand, and SSS. You will also get a Paypal email. And login ID verified as a UK resident. To learn more about our services, check out our website here.
Hopefully, the above discussion helped solve the account freezing issue. Still, you might have some questions. Here are some frequently asked questions that you might want to know.
It is a common practice and necessary to link your bank account with your Paypal account. And it is safe, and Paypal is serious about securing bank information. They use technology like end-to-end encryption on every transaction.
Paypal uses technology to secure your account from theft. Some people are concerned about hacked PayPal accounts, which is highly unlikely. Until the hacker has login details,
Paypal account limitations refer to restrictions on any account preventing users from sending and withdrawing money. It can hold money for six months. The main reason for account limitations is to ensure the safety of both buyers and sellers.
If PayPal is unavailable, you can buy a verified account or use PayPal alternatives. Some popular options include Wise, Google Pay, Payoneer, Stripe, Shopify Payments, and many others.
So there you have it. Here is our final advice, no need to be worried if PayPal freezes your account, which is a very common event.
Most importantly, the purpose of freezing an account is not to hold or seize your money; it is a process to protect your account from threats and ensure safety. Also, ensure you know why your account might be restricted because knowing them will help you avoid future restrictions. And to deal with any issue, contact PayPal directly.


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In this paper, we re-examine the properties of two commonly adopted government reimbursement schemes for pharmaceuticals: reference pricing and fixed percentage reimbursement. We depart from the previous literature by assuming that the individual demand is price-sensitive and depends on the copayment rate (i.e., the part paid by each consumer). We obtain two novel results under reference pricing: first, as the copayment rate increases, so do pharmaceutical prices; second, this increase in pharmaceutical prices reduces social welfare. Whilst reference pricing does emerge as a preferable reimbursement scheme, demand elasticities and the copayment rate interact in complex ways. This leads (unexpectedly) to the possibility that a higher copayment rate (lower reimbursement rate) results in higher government expenditure.
- Copayment rates
- Pharmaceutical reimbursement schemes


text:
The Old Home of Huangzhunxian
The old home of Patriotic poet-Huangzhunxian in the end of the Qing Dynasty was named "a house in the world", according to the meaning of the verse of Taoyuanming "My house is built in the city, but I can't hear the noise of the city". The old home is on the bank of Zhou stream, which is 3 kilometers eastern of Meizhou city. It was built in the spring of 1884. There are three Chinese characters "a hut in the world" which was inscribed by Japanese calligrapher Dayuchenglaiwen on the head still.
There are flower beds, a rockery, a fish pond, five-step pavilion, seven-step pavilion, pavilion for rest, a zigzag corridor, a pavilion without walls, a rainbow-shaped corridor and a pavilion for collecting books. Winding paths, balustrades, flowers and trees setting off one another, the scenes in the yard have an elegant taste. Huangzhunxian lived here in his later years and produced a large quantity of verses. Besides, he in person edited poetry-a house in the world.


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System StatusContact Support Agility Community
Generating a Story from an Issue
Follow these steps to generate a new story/backlog item from an existing issue and associate a work item.
 - Generating a story from an issue establishes a new relationship between the items.
 - You can generate multiple stories for each issue.
 1. From the main menu, choose one of the following:
 - Product > Input > Issues
 - Team > Sprint Planning > Issues
 - Team > Sprint Tracking > Issues
 2. Locate an issue, and then choose Generate Story (or Generate Backlog Item) from the Edit menu.
 3. In the Story window, make the necessary changes, and then click Save
The new story is added to the the bottom of the Backlog grid with a unique ID beginning with "S".


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Next, you need to create a menu system for the example interface. This section shows you how to create the basic objects which comprise it.
A menu bar is created automatically when you create a new interface. To create the menu system for the example interface, you need to add a menu which contains two items.
Menu-Barobject in the Menu hierarchy area.
Notice that, as in the layouts view, an object remains selected if it can itself have children. This means that creating the basic menu structure is a very quick process.
Next, you need to name the objects you have created. As with the layouts, this is achieved by specifying attribute values.
Menu-1menu is still selected, and use the Object > Attributes menu command to display its Attributes dialog.
selection-menu. Do not click OK yet.
As well as specifying the Name attribute for the menu you created, you need to change the Title attribute of each object you created. To do this, you must ensure that the appropriate attribute categories are displayed in the Attributes dialog.
The Attributes dialog changes to appear as shown in Displaying title attributes for a menu.
Figure 20.5 Displaying title attributes for a menu
"Selection". Click OK.
The Title attribute is used to specify the title of the menu that appears in the interface itself; note the change in the interface skeleton.
Next, you need to change the attributes of the two menu items.
"Item-1"object and press
"Graph"and the Name attribute to
graph-command. Click OK.
"Item-2"object to display its Attributes dialog and change the Title attribute to
"List Panel"and the Name attribute to
list-panel-command. Click OK.
You have now finished the basic definition of the menu system for your example interface.
LispWorks IDE User Guide (Unix version) - 25 Nov 2011


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STEEL WIRE AND NAIL MAKING. The importance of the steel wire and nail in dustry in the United States may be measured by the fact that in 1902 there was produced a total of 1,574,293 tons of wire rods of which nearly 500,000 tons were made into wire nails. In 1909 the production of wire rods was 2,514, 504 tons, valued at $67,440.000. The 1918 out put is estimated as 3,000,000 tons, of the value of $100,000,000. About one-fourth of this goes into nails. Time was when both wire and nails were manufactured entirely from wrought iron, and to secure the toughness and high tensile strength required, great care had to be used in the preparation of the iron, the cost of the prod uct being proportionately high. It was only a question of time before steel, because of its less cost and its high strength, became the standard material in this as in other branches of the iron and steel industry; and today practically the whole of the wire and wire nails used are made from either Bessemer or open-hearth steel, the latter being specified where wire of the special grades with higher physical prop erties is required.
Physical Properties of Steel As showing the great increase in strength of steel over iron wire, it may be mentioned that while good black iron wire will show an ultimate tensile strength of about 25 tons to the square inch, and bright hard-drawn wire a strength of 35 tons to the square inch, Bessemer steel wire will stand a strain of 40 tons and open-hearth steel wire 60 tons to the inch. Of the 'Ispecialp grades of wire a high-carbon open-hearth steel will stand about 80 tons, crucible cast-steel wire about 100 tons, and the best cast steel, or as it is sometimes called, °plow* steel wire, 120 tons to the square inch; while certain qualities of cast-steel wire, made under specifications calling for a particular composition and requiring very elaborate working, have been produced, showing an ultimate breaking strength of from 150 to 170 tons to the square inch; The process of wire-drawing serves greatly to improve the physical qualities, and the smaller the size to which the wire is drawn down the greater is the ultimate breaking strength. The wonderful
qualities of piano wire are proverbial, the average strength of English piano wire as given by the manufacturers ranging from 225 pounds for No. 12 music wire gauge, which is 0.029 inch in diameter, to 650 pounds breaking strength for No. 22, which is 0.052 inch in diameter. Re duced to the square-inch unit, the ultimate ten sile strength per square inch would range from 300,000 pounds to 340,000 pounds. The com position of this remarkable wire is as follows: Carbon, 0.570; silicon, 0.090; sulphur, 0.011; phosphorus, 0.018; manganese, 0.425. An analy sis of another wire of unusual strength known as "plow,o shows 0.828 per cent of carbon, 0.587 per cent of manganese, 0.143 per cent of silicon, 0.009 per cent of sulphur, 0.030 per cent of copper and no phosphorus. The tests of this wire ran from 200,000 pounds per square inch for wire 0.191 inch in diameter to 350,000 pounds for wire 0.093 inch in diameter. Of course, with such high tensile strength the elongation or stretch was very small, ranging from 0.75 to 1.1 per cent only.
Billet bulk of the wire and wire nails of commerce are manufactured from Bes semer billets. Open-hearth billets are worked up into rods for the manufacture of chain, for special grades of wire and for various finished products in which high tensile strength is called for. In each rod mill billet continuous-heating furnaces are continually at work. The billets, which are 4 X 4 inches in section and 36 inches in length, are fed transversely into the furnace, side by side. They are pushed through the fur nace door by a hydraulic charging machine, and by the time they have been heated to the proper temperature for rolling, they are pushed, one after the other, out through the rear door of the furnace and fall upon a conveyor, by which they are carried down into the rod mill.


"Pilchards! Whose bodies yield the fragrant oil and make the London lamps at midnight smile!" Peter Pindar 1783.
Cornwall once relied upon the sea for nearly everything: food, transport, trade, defence and contact with the outside world. Fishing was always a vital part of the Cornish way of life and in the 18th and 19th Century, pilchard fishing was a major industry. Throughout the summer months large shoals of pilchards were caught off the Cornish coast; then they were taken to pilchard cellars for processing. The pilchards were squeezed flat + oil drained out; producing 18 to 45 litres from each barrel. The oil was mostly sold as lamp oil. Pilchard fishing declined from the mid-20th Century, although small quantities of pilchards are still caught in Cornish waters today.
This home-made lamp, dating to around 1850, used oil from the fish processing to provide light.
Our Cornwall Galleries explore Cornwall's unique maritime heritage over three floors, bringing to life stories of Cornwall's maritime history.


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Fundación Centro Canario del Agua
The Centro Canario del Agua Foundation (FCCA) is an independent and non-profit organization whose objective is the research and development of innovative products for water treatment. It was founded on December 14, 1998 by the General Directorate of Water of the Canary Islands Government, the Insular Water Councils of the seven islands and a series of private companies with interests in the Canary Islands water sector.
The FCCA carries out and promotes R&D work autonomously and in combination with public institutions and private companies.
The FCCA conducts applied research mainly in the following areas:
- Equipment for remineralization of desalinated waters
- Design of filtering and draining floors
- Optimization of reverse osmosis plant control
- Treatment of hard water and rich in silica
- Improvement of desalinated water quality