text:
Author J.C. Raphael discusses how he spent a decade researching Ohio folklore, urban legends, and cryptozoological creatures for his book Monsters of Ohio. He also explains:
- when and how cryptozoology first fascinated him
- why folklore and legends are still important
- how he selected the monsters that populate his book.
If you can't get enough of local lore, our YouTube channel has authors sharing some of their favorite stories that they've researched:


text:
To Add Box Branches to Your Map:
The box branch style gives greater emphasis to your text and allows you to quickly add ideas to your mind map. Your box branches will be automatically organised to ensure your map is lain out in an even way. To find out how to style your branches when using the organic mind map style, please click here
1. There are 3 ways you can add branches to your map. Let's start from the Central Idea:
- Click or hover your mouse over the central idea and a green + icon will appear on either side of the central idea. Click on one of these + icons depending on which direction you want your branch to go in.
- Click on one of these arrows and drag-drop into a space on your map.
- Or you can use our handy shortcut. Use your keyboard arrow keys to move around the branches and hit Tab to create a new branch.
2. When your branch has appeared, type away and hit enter when done.
3. Click on the pencil icon to bring out the branch editor. You will see the text you have just typed into the branch under 'Title'.
Adding a Sibling Branch
1. When you hover over a branch, you will get the option to make a sibling branch. A sibling branch is where two branches share the same parent branch.
2. Click on the green arrow to add the sibling branch. A new branch will appear next to it off the same parent branch. Type in your branch text and hit Enter when done.
3. To edit the text, double click on the text to bring up the text editor. The text will be automatically highlighted to allow you to make changes to the style. The text must be highlighted before changes will take effect.
4. The text editor will allow you to change the style, size and color of the text.
5. To create a carriage return hold SHIFT and Enter on the keyboard. Click back on the canvas to close the menu.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Sendes vanligvis innen 5-15 dager
The hosting of sports events - whether large international events, or smaller niche interest events - has huge and long-lasting impacts on the local environment, economy and industry. Strategic Sports Event Management: Olympic Edition provides students and event managers with an insight into the strategic management of sports events of all scales and nature. The framework offers a planning process that can be used to understand the importance of a strategic approach, and shows how to implement strategies that can achieve successful sports events over the short and long-term. The text uses international case studies throughout to offer real-world insight in both larger and smaller events. Plus, in this new Olympic edition, a case study from the Beijing Olympiad is included in each chapter. Through this topical and timely addition to the text, we can understand the lessons to be learned by events mangers of events of all sizes. Written by an experienced author and using first-hand research the text looks at: the organizations involved such as the IOC, FIFA and IAAF, and their interactions with charities, the media and promoters the short-term and long-term benefits of the planning process evaluating the event, its impacts and legacies operational strategies including finance, ticketing, transport, venues, IT, communications, equipment and personnel the bidding process and what is required for a successful bid Strategic Sports Event Management: Olympic Edition builds on the substantial success of the first edition and is vital reading for students and practitioners alike.


text:
Verify EdgeSync Results for a Recipient
Applies to: Exchange Server 2010 SP3, Exchange Server 2010 SP2
Topic Last Modified: 2011-03-19
This topic explains how to use the Shell to verify the EdgeSync synchronization results for a specific recipient.
Looking for other management tasks related to Edge Subscriptions? Check out Managing Edge Subscriptions.
You must have an Edge server subscribed to your Internet-facing Active Directory site.
You need to be assigned permissions before you can perform this procedure. To see what permissions you need, see the "EdgeSync" entry in the Transport Permissions topic.
|You can't use the EMC to verify EdgeSync results for a single recipient.|
Use the Test-EdgeSynchronization cmdlet to verify EdgeSync results for a single recipient. This cmdlet is also used to verify configuration replication. To verify a single recipient, you need to use the VerifyRecipient parameter.
The following command verifies EdgeSync results for the user _EMAIL_:
Test-EdgeSynchronization -VerifyRecipient _EMAIL_


Apple Invested Capital vs Earnings before Tax Analysis
Invested Capital vs Earnings before Tax
Invested Capital
Invested capital represents the total cash investment that shareholders and debt holders have contributed to Apple Inc. There are two different methods for calculating Apple Inc invested capital: operating approach and financing approach. Understanding ##company1# invested capital allows investors to to calculate measures of performance such as return on invested capital or return on capital employed. Invested capital is an input into the calculation of Return on Invested Capital, and is calculated as: Total Debt plus Total Assets minus Goodwill and Intangible Assets minus Cash and Equivalents minus Current Liabilities. Please note this calculation method is subject to change.
Earnings before Tax
Accounts Relationship
Invested Capital vs Earnings before Tax
Significance: Very Strong Relationship
Overlapping area represents amount of trend that can be explained by analyzing historical patterns of Apple Inc Invested Capital account and Earnings before Tax
Correlation Coefficient
Relationship DirectionPositive
Relationship StrengthStrong


text:
The New Zealand Seafood Standards Council (NZSSC), the seafood industry and the New Zealand Food Safety Authority (NZFSA) have joined forces to develop a more robust and consistent approach to monitoring and dealing with Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat seafood.
The seafood industry had identified that the Listeria Circular 1995 (IAIS 003.9), which ready-to-eat seafood producers have been using to manage the pathogen, needed updating following international advances in how listeria Listeria was managed. A technical working group led by the NZSSC with representatives from industry, NZFSA and other experts undertook the review.
"Listeria monocytogenes is a bacteria that can cause a serious illness called listeriosis," NZFSA specialist advisor Marion Castle says. "Although sickness is rare it can have serious consequences, especially for pregnant women who risk miscarrying or giving birth prematurely."
The Listeria Monitoring Programme for Ready-to-Eat Seafood was developed with two facets; one for long shelf-life products and one for short shelf-life products. "There are inherently different risks associated with products that have a longer shelf-life, and these have been addressed through developing two different monitoring programmes," Marion says.
The new monitoring programmes provide operators with clear direction on sampling frequency, number of samples needed and the steps to take if Listeria is detected in the processing environment or product.
"It is important to understand that finding this organism in the processing environment should not necessarily be seen as a bad thing. In fact, a detection can be a helpful indicator, as it means an operator's looking in the right places and is able to take appropriate steps before the product is contaminated," Marion says.
The revised Listeria Circular was published on May 20, 2010. All ready-to-eat seafood producers who operate under a Risk Management Programme are required to follow the Listeria Monitoring Programme for Ready-to-Eat Seafood by August 20, 2010. The exception is for those who have registered by then an alternative Listeria Monitoring Programme that provides an equivalent outcome as part of their Risk Management Programme.
NZFSA and NZSSC conducted workshops during June in Nelson and Auckland to assist affected producers with the implementation of the new programme and to explain the ideas and practical realities behind the monitoring regimes. Marion says the workshops provided a great opportunity to receive feedback from processors on any difficulties they had encountered so far in implementing the new monitoring programme.
More information can be found on NZFSA's website:
Published in Seafood, August 2010

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Definition of Genus Enterolobium
1. Noun. Small genus of tropical American timber trees closely allied to genus Albizia.
Generic synonyms: Rosid Dicot Genus
Group relationships: Mimosoideae, Subfamily Mimosoideae
Member holonyms: Conacaste, Elephant's Ear, Enterolobium Cyclocarpa
Genus Enterolobium Pictures
Click the following link to bring up a new window with an automated collection of images related to the term: Genus Enterolobium Images
Lexicographical Neighbors of Genus Enterolobium
Literary usage of Genus Enterolobium
Below you will find example usage of this term as found in modern and/or classical literature:
1. The Geology of the Corocoro Copper District of Bolivia by Joseph Theophilus Singewald, Edward Wilber Berry (1922)
"... zone of the eastern slopes, but so far as I know none occur in or west of the Cordillera Real or eastern Andes. genus Enterolobium..."
Other Resources Relating to: Genus Enterolobium


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Club Atletico de Madrid
Atlético Madrid were originally founded on the 26th of April in 1903 as Athletic Club de Madrid by three Basque students living in Madrid. These three students saw the new club as a youth branch of their childhood team, Athletic Bilbao. As such, they played in blue and white. However, by 1911 Athletic Club de Madrid were playing in their current colours of red and white. One story claims that due to red and white cloth being used to make bed mattresses, shirts could be easily made from any spare material and were therefore cheaper to buy. This is the origin of one of the club's nicknames: Los Colchoneros, meaning the mattress makers. Another story, arguably more plausible, states that Juanito Elorduy, a former player and member of the board, went to England to buy the blue and white kits of Blackburn Rovers for both Athletic Madrid and Bilbao. He did not find Blackburn Rovers' blue and white kits and instead bought Southampton's red and white kits. Athletic Bilbao adopted the full kit, with red and white shirts and black shorts, whilst Athletic Madrid only adopted the shirts and kept the blue shorts. This lead to the nickname Los Rojiblancos.
It wasn't until 1921 that Athletic Madrid became independent of Athletic Bilbao. As part of this interdependency, a company known as Compańía Urbanizadora Metropolitana – the company that ran the underground communication system in Madrid – built a 35,800 capacity stadium named the Estadio Metropollitano de Madrid. The stadium was used until 1966, when the club moved into current stadium Estadio Vicente Calderón.
Birth of Atlético de Madrid
During the 1920s, Athletic won the Campeonato del Centro three times and were runners-up in the Copa del Rey on two occasions in 1921 and 1926. Based on this record, they were invited to join the inaugural La Liga in 1928. They were relegated only after two seasons to the Segunda División. They returned to La Liga briefly in 1934, before being relegated again in 1936. Fortunately, the Spanish Civil War gave Athletic a reprieve. Real Oviedo was unable to play due to the destruction of their stadium during the bombings. Thus, both La Liga and Athletic's relegation were postponed, the latter by winning a play-off against CA Osasuna, champions of the Segunda División.
By the time La Liga resumed in 1939, Athletic had merged with Aviación Nacional of Zaragoza to become Athletic Aviación de Madrid. Aviación Nacional had been founded in 1939 by members of the Spanish Air Force. They had been promised a place in the Primera División for the 1939/1940 season, only to be denied by the RFEF. As a compromise, Aviación Nacional merged with Athletic Club de Madrid who had lost eight players in the Spanish Civil War. As a replacement for Real Oviedo, Athletic Aviación were awarded a place in the 1939/1940 Primera División. Under the management of the legendary Ricardo Zamora, the club won their first La Liga title that season and then retained the title in 1941. In the very same year, a decree issued by Franco banned teams from using foreign names and the club became known as Atlético Aviación de Madrid. In 1947, the club decided to drop the military association from its name and settled on its current name of Club Atlético de Madrid. This marked the beginning of Atlético's golden era.
Atlético's Golden Era
Under Helenio Herrera and with the help of Labri Benbarek, Atlético won La Liga again in 1950 and 1951. With the departure of Herrera in 1953, Atlético began to slip behind Real Madrid and Barcelona. For the remainder of the 1950's, they were left to battle it out with Athletic Bilbao for the title of third best team in Spain.
During the 1960s and 1970s, Atlético Madrid seriously challenged Barcelona of the position of second best team. They finished second in La Liga in 1958/1959 and managed to qualify for the European Cup, since Real Madrid were the reigning European champions. Atlético reached the semi-finals after beating Drumcondra, CSKA Sofia and Schalke. They played rivals Real Madrid in the semi's, losing the replay 2-1 after the original match ended 2-2 on aggregate. Atlético would gain their revenge when they defeated Real Madrid in two Copa del Rey finals in 1960 and 1961, under the management of former Real coach José Villalonga no less. They won the 1962 European Cup Winners Cup, beating Fiorentina 3-0 after a replay. In 1963, the club reached the final but was thrashed by English side Tottenham Hotspur 5-1.
Unfortunately for Atlético, they only managed to win the La Liga title on four more occasions between the years of 1961 and 1980, with Real Madrid winning the competition an outstanding 14 times during that period. Atlético won the Copa del Rey a further three times and in 1965, became the first club to beat Real Madrid at the Bernabéu in eight years.
Atlético would again win the Copa del Rey in 1985 under former player Luis Aragonés, thanks largely to striker Hugo Sánchez who won the Pichichi that year. Even after Sánchez left for Real Madrid a year later, Atlético won the Supercopa de Espańa in 1985.
It was in the year 1987 that controversial politician and businessman Jesús Gil became club president. Atlético had not won La Liga for ten years and were desperate for league success. Gil immediately spent heavily, bringing in players such as Paulo Futre from Porto. However, all of the spending only succeeded in bringing two consecutive Copa del Rey trophies in 1991 and 1992. As a result, Gil developed a ruthless reputation due to the manner in which he ran the club, particularly with managers. He had hired and fired a number of coaches, such as César Luis Menotti, Ron Atkinson, Javier Clemente, Tomislav Ivić and club legend Luis Aragonés. Significantly, Gil closed down Atlético's youth academy in 1992; a move which saw 15-year old academy member Raúl González Blanco move to Real Madrid and achieve worldwide fame.
A narrow escape of relegation in 1996 prompted a wholesale squad change. Now under Radomir Antić, Atlético finally won La Liga as well as another Copa del Rey trophy.
In December 1999, Gil and his board got suspended pending investigation into the misuse of club funds and government-appointed administrator José Manuel Rubí began running Atlético's day to day operations. With the removal of club president Jesús Gil and his board, the club floundered and the players put in disastrous performances. Then coach Claudio Ranieri handed in his resignation with the club in 17th spot out of 20 and heading towards relegation. The return of Antić for the third coaching stint failed to prevent the inevitable. Despite reaching the Copa del Rey final, Atlético were relegated.
Rising Once Again
Atlético spent two seasons in the Segunda División, narrowly missing out on promotion in 2001 before winning the Segunda División in 2002. It was again Luis Aragonés, in his last spell as a manager of Atlético, who brought Atlético to the Primera División. He also coached the team during the next season, being the one who gave Fernando Torres the opportunity to make his début in La Liga, at the Camp Nou against F.C. Barcelona in a 2–2 draw
Fernando Torres left Atlético for Liverpool in 2007 for a fee of Ł26,500,000. During this time, Atlético signed Diego Forlán from Villareal, Simăo from Benfica and José Antonio Reyes from Arsenal to join the likes of Luis García, Costinha, Maniche and young Argentine striker Sergio "Kun" Agüero. With Javier Aguirre in charge, the club had one of their most successful seasons in the past decade, reaching the last 32 of the UEFA Cup, the quarter-finals of the Copa del Rey and finished 4th in La Liga, qualifying for the UEFA Champions League for the first time since 1996/1997.
Javier Aguirre was dismissed in 2009 after a horrible start to the 2008/2009 campaign, though he claims he was released by mutual termination. The decision sparked public outrage, with many believing the Mexican not to be cause of their problems. Diego Forlán in particular believed the players were not playing well and that Aguirre was wrongly dismissed. Abel Resino replaced Aguirre and the club finished 4th again that season.
However, the 2009/2010 season started poorly with many defeats and goals conceded. Resino was eventually sacked and replaced by Quique Sánchez Flores. Despite still not performing to expectations in La Liga, Atlético managed to qualify for the UEFA Europa League by finishing third in their Champions League group. They went on to win the tournament, defeating Liverpool in the semi-finals and then Fulham in the final. It was their first European success since the 1961/1962 European Cup Winners' Cup win. They also reached the Copa del Rey final for the first time since 1996, but were defeated by


text:
Professor Dr. Michael Ristow's team along with Japanese colleagues from universities in Oita and Hiroshima demonstrated the physiological function of lithium.
To test their theory, the scientists examined the impact of lithium in a concentration that is regularly found in ordinary tap water.
"We found that the mortality rate was considerably lower in those municipalities with more lithium in the drinking water," said Ristow.
In a second experiment, the Jena scientists examined exactly this range of concentration in the model organism C. elegans.
"The average longevity of the worms is higher after they have been treated with lithium at this dosage", Ristow added.
The team also suggested using low-dose lithium as a potential dietary supplement in the future.
"From previous studies we know already that a higher uptake of lithium through drinking water is associated with an improvement of psychological well-being and with decreased suicide rates," Ristow said.
While low-dose lithium uptake on the basis of the new data is clearly thought to be beneficial, more studies will be necessary to thoroughly recommend such a supplementation, the scientists concluded.
The results appear in the online edition of the scientific publication European Journal of Nutrition. (ANI)


I sometimes need to email a list of directions that I need to be available offline. So, emailing a link to Google Maps directions doesn't work. I want to email all of the directions.
I've tried just copying the page and emailing with Gmail but the markup is fouled up and unreadable (in IE10 and Chrome).
 - 1
 How about copying the "Print" view? Hit the "print" button to get a simplified view and copy that (rather than actually printing). – ale Jul 23 '13 at 15:33
 - 3
 Or printing them to PDF and emailing the PDF file. – Alex Jul 23 '13 at 15:48
First press the Print button, and then either:
 1. Print the contents of the window to a PDF file (using a tool such as doPDF), or
 2. Save the contents of the window using your browser's equivalent of
 "Save Page As" ==> "Web Archive" / "Web Page, complete".
 If the archive consists of multiple files then optionally zip them together into a single file for convenience.
 3. Mail the PDF or the web archive file(s)


text:
Wisconsin soldiers who served in the Black Hawk War (1832)
Wisconsin Muster Rolls from the Black Hawk War, 1832
During the Black Hawk War against the Sauk and Fox Indians, residents of Wisconsin were assembled into local militia, regular U.S. Army troops were deployed from St. Louis, and fighting units of Menominee and Potawatomi warriors were organized under white leadership. The lists linked below show the names of all soldiers in the 18 companies of "Iowa" militia [i.e., Iowa Co, Michigan Territory; present-day southwestern Wisconsin], plus the Menominee and Potawatomie units and one militia company raised at Green Bay. Not included here are soldiers from the militia of other states or in the regular U.S. Army; the Illinois State Archives lists soldiers from that state.
The rosters of 18 companies of Iowa Co. volunteers are listed first, followed by three Menominee and two Potawatomi companies, and finally by the single company of Green Bay militia. Altogether they total about 600 names on 67 pages.
The original muster rolls from which these typed versions were made are in the records of the General Accounting Office (Record Group 217) at the National Archives in Washington, D.C., misfiled under "Iowa." These lists were created as soldiers mustered out at the end of the conflict; occasional footnotes contain supplemental information from a parallel set of payroll records for each unit. The originals have not been microfilmed, and are published here for the first time. These transcriptions were made by Wisconsin Historical Society genealogical librarian James L. Hansen in 1980. They may be browsed in the left-hand frame of the viewer, and individual names may be searched in the box directly above it.
Territory to Statehood|
The Black Hawk War
Treaty Councils, from Prairie du Chien to Madeline Island
|Creator: ||U.S. General Accounting Office.
|Pub Data: ||Unpublished typescript of original muster rolls in the records of the General Accounting Office (Record Group 217) at the National Archives in Washington, D.C.
|Citation: ||"Wisconsin Muster Rolls from the Black Hawk War, 1832." Typescript of original muster rolls in the records of the General Accounting Office (Record Group 217) at the National Archives in Washington, D.C.
Online facsimile at:
Visited on: 5/18/2013


Internet-Draft TLS Cross-SNI Resumption May 2021
Vasiliev Expires 14 November 2021 [Page]
TLS Working Group
Intended Status:
Standards Track
V. Vasiliev
Transport Layer Security (TLS) Resumption across Server Names
This document specifies a way for the parties in the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol to indicate that an individual session ticket can be used to perform resumption even if the Server Name of the new connection does not match the Server Name of the original.
Discussion Venues
This note is to be removed before publishing as an RFC.
Discussion of this document takes place on the TLS Working Group mailing list (, which is archived at
Source for this draft and an issue tracker can be found at
Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft will expire on 14 November 2021.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
Transport Layer Security protocol [RFC8446] allows the clients to use an abbreviated handshake in cases where the client has previously established a secure session with the same server. This mechanism is known as "session resumption", and its positive impact on performance makes it desirable to be able to use it as frequently as possible.
Modern application-level protocols, HTTP in particular, often require accessing multiple servers within a single workflow. Since the identity of the server is established through its certificate, in the ideal case, the resumption would be possible to all of the domains for which the certificate is valid (see [PERF] for a survey of potential practical impact of such approach). TLS, starting with version 1.3, defines the SNI value to be a property of an individual connection that is not retained across sessions ([RFC8446], Section 4.2.11). However, in the absence of additional signals, it discourages using a session ticket when the SNI value does not match ([RFC8446], Section 4.6.1), as there is normally no reason to assume that all servers sharing the same certificate would also share the same session keys. The extension defined in this document allows the server to provide such a signal in-band.
2. Conventions and Definitions
3. The Flag
Resumption across server names is negotiated using the TLS flags extension [I-D.draft-ietf-tls-tlsflags]. The server MAY send a resumption_across_names(8) flag in a NewSessionTicket message. If the flag is sent, it indicates that the client MAY use the ticket for any SNI value for which the certificate presented by the server is valid. The server MUST handle the ticket correctly by either resuming and using a new SNI provided by the client, or by ignoring the ticket.
The server MAY send the flag if it reasonably believes that any server for any identity presented in its certificate would be capable of accepting that ticket. The server SHOULD NOT send the flag otherwise, since, if the client follows the single-use ticket policy recommended by [RFC8446], sending the ticket results in it being no longer usable regardless of whether resumption has succeeded.
4. Security Considerations
This document does not alter any of the security requirements of [RFC8446], but merely lifts a performance-motivated "SHOULD NOT" recommendation from Section 4.6.1. Notably, it still relies on the server certificate being re-validated against the new SNI at the session resumption time.
If a client certificate has been associated with the session, the client MUST use the same policy on whether to present said certificate to the server as if it were a new TLS session. For instance, if the client would show a certificate choice prompt for every individual domain it connects to, it MUST show that prompt for the new host when performing cross-domain resumption.
Cross-domain resumption, like other similar mechanisms (e.g. cross-domain HTTP connection reuse), can incentivize the server deployments to create server certificates valid for a wider range of domains than they would otherwise. However, any increase in the scope of a certificate comes at a cost: the wider is the scope of the certificate, the wider is the impact of the key compromise for that certificate. In addition, creating a certificate that is valid for multiple hostnames can lead to complications if some of those hostnames change ownership, or otherwise require a different operational domain.
Session tickets can contain arbitrary information, and thus could be potentially used to re-identify a user from a previous connection. Cross-domain resumption expands the potential list of servers to which an individual ticket could be presented. Client applications should partition the session cache between connections that are meant to be uncorrelated. For example, the Web use case uses network partition keys to separate cache lookups [FETCH].
5. IANA Considerations
IANA (will add/has added) the following entry to the "TLS Flags" table of the "Transport Layer Security (TLS) Extensions" registry:
Flag Name
This document
6. References
6.1. Normative References
Nir, Y., "A Flags Extension for TLS 1.3", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-tls-tlsflags-04,, <>.
6.2. Informative References
WHATWG, "Fetch Standard",, <>.
Sy, E., Moennich, M., Mueller, T., Federrath, H., and M. Fischer, "Enhanced Performance for the encrypted Web through TLS Resumption across Hostnames",, <>.
Cross-name resumption has been previously implemented in the QUIC Crypto protocol as a preloaded list of hostnames.
Erik Sy has previously proposed a similar mechanism for TLS, draft-sy-tls-resumption-group. This document incorporates ideas from that draft.
This document has benefited from contributions and suggestions from David Benjamin, Nick Harper, David Schinazi, Ryan Sleevi, Ian Swett and many others.
Author's Address
Victor Vasiliev


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Define the action of $S_n$ on $\mathbb{R}^n$:
take any $x\in S_n$, consider the mapping $x: \mathbb{R}^n\to\mathbb{R}^n$, $e_1, e_2...e_n$ are the standard basis of $\mathbb{R}^n$, $x(e_k)=e_{x(k)}$, clearly $x$ is a linear transformation.
How to show that if $x\in S_n$ is a reflection to some vector then $x$ is a transposition?
I can only show that transpositions are reflections, how to show that there are no more?
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2 Answers 2
If $x \in S_n$ defines a reflection of $\mathbb R^n$, then $x$ has order 2, thus it is a product of transpositions. If one of these transpositions is $(1\;2)$ then $e_1$ is mapped to $e_2$ and vice versa. There is only one reflection with this property, namely the reflection at the hyperplane orthogonal to $e_1-e_2$. This reflection leaves all the $e_i$ ($i \neq 1,2$) unchanged, so $x$ is the transposition $(1\;2)$.
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This is a great explanation. OP should accept this :) – Enzo Apr 24 '13 at 5:19
If $p$ is a permutation whose disjoint cycle decomposition is $c_1c_2\cdots c_r$ (including cycles of length $1$), then the multiplicity of $1$ as an eigenvalue of the map induced by $p$ is precisely $r$. It follows that $p$ is a reflection iff there is exactly one cycle of length $2$ and all the rest are of length $1$; of course, this happens exactly when $p$ is a transposition.
Of course, we have to check my initial claim on the multiplicity of $1$.
Consider the matrix $M$ of the map induced by $p$. It is easy to see that, up to permuting the basis, $M$ is in fact a diagonal block matrix, with one block corresponding to each of the cycles $c_i$. The multiplicity of $1$ as an eigenvalue is therefore the sum of the multiplicities of $1$ as eigenvalues of each of the permutation matrices corresponding to the $c_i$. We are thus reduced to showing that if $p$ is the cycle $(1,2,3\dots,n)$, then $1$ is a simple eigenvalue. But this is immediate: the characteristic polynomial, which coincides with the minimal one, is $x^n-1$.
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text:
In this paper, we propose a probabilistic model for minimizing the anticipated regret in combinatorial optimization problems with distributional uncertainty in the objective coefficients. The interval uncertainty representation of data is supplemented with information on the marginal distributions. As a decision criterion, we minimize the worst-case conditional value-at-risk of regret. The proposed model includes the standard interval data minmax regret as a special case. For the class of combinatorial optimization problems with a compact convex hull representation, a polynomial sized mixed integer linear program (MILP) is formulated when (a) the range and mean are known, and (b) the range, mean and mean absolute deviation are known while a mixed integer second order cone program (MISOCP) is formulated when (c) the range, mean and standard deviation are known. For the subset selection problem of choosing $K$ elements of maximum total weight out of a set of $N$ elements, the probabilistic regret model is shown to be solvable in polynomial time in the instances (a) and (b) above. This extends the current known polynomial complexity result for minmax regret subset selection with range information only.
View A Probabilistic Model for Minmax Regret in Combinatorial Optimization


What's the Ideal Shape for a Strawberry Pyramid?
Submitted by Ben Stallings on Fri, 03/16/2012 - 20:12
When I teach intro classes on permaculture design, when we're talking about boundary optimization -- that is, when to maximize the edge and when to minimize it -- one of the questions I like to ask students is along the lines of, "How many strawberry plants, spaced 6" apart, can you fit in 16 square feet and still reach them all easily for harvest?" The exact numbers are not important; what I'm looking for is the ideal design of a strawberry planter to maximize production in a minimum of space.
Why strawberries, specifically? Because strawberries present some challenges compared to, say, lettuce:
 - the berries grow underneath the leaves, so they're hard to see from above
 - although strawberries are perennial and spread by runners, they produce most in their first year, so it's desirable to get rid of last year's plants, which means you need to be able to tell one year's plants from the next
Image removed.I like to give the students a hint by showing them an example of a strawberry pyramid, like the one at right. By raising the plants up on tiers, the berries can be easily seen from the side, and the runners will always go down to the level below, so a parent plant can be distinguished from a child. Simple and elegant. But is this the optimal shape?
A circle minimizes edge for a given area, which is great when edge is a liability, but in this case you're only planting the edge, so what you really want to do is maximize the edge. What shape would maximize the edge while keeping every plant within reach?
Image removed.Well, that raises the question, how far can you reach at various heights? One way to find out... I put a measuring tape up against the wall and a yardstick at my feet and created the chart at left. (The funny shape at lower left represents my shoe.) What I found is that at 5 feet -- with my arms straight out from the shoulders -- I can reach 26", but from 3' down to 1' above the ground I can only reach out 20" (with my arms at a diagonal and my knees or back progressively bent), and on ground level I can only reach 15" -- if I keep my feet flat on the ground. If I rock forward onto my toes, I can reach 24" on the ground, but that's not sustainable; generally when I'm tending a 4' wide bed and reaching 2' in, I'm on my hands and knees rather than my toes.
So from this information, the most space-saving way to grow strawberries would be vertically, up against a wall, for example a retaining wall or a series of old rain gutters filled with soil. In this way the 16 square feet of the original question could hold hundreds upon hundreds of plants. But suppose we don't have a wall and have to build a planter; how steep and how tall can the planter be? I estimate a plant needs about 2" of soil around it to anchor it and absorb water, so I sketched on the chart a series of tiers 4" tall and 2" deep. I can then have 11 tiers totaling 44" high before exceeding my reach of 22" at that height.
Image removed.Maximizing the edge of the planter is important because the upper tiers are necessarily smaller than the lower ones, so if you can stretch the planter lengthwise into a two-sided wall, that's going to be your best bet. But suppose you can't stretch it lengthwise? How can we maximize edge without increasing length? The easiest way is to stretch it out into an amoeba shape (shown at left).
The trouble with the amoeba shape is that, at 44" high, parts of it are going to be in shade almost all the time. Strawberries need sunlight to produce fruit. So we not only need to maximize edge, we need to maximize edge exposed to the sun and minimize the edge that's in shade.
Image removed.When I started sketching shapes with more edge on one side than the other, I was frustrated that most of them were really ugly. Jessie asked me what I was doing and casually suggested, "How about a heart?" Hm... well, how about it? I'm now building a 44" high heart-shaped strawberry pyramid (right)! The top is reachable from three directions, there's more edge in sun than in shade (the point goes north), and it's aesthetically pleasing! Is it optimal? No, up against a wall would be optimal. I'm happy with this compromise!
[update: I did not complete this project, because the plastic edging I was using to reinforce the tiers was not strong enough to resist the expansion of freezing soil in the winter! So the moral of the story is, a design must be appropriate to the materials. For anyone with heavy clay soil, I cannot recommend any shape other than linear, since if you try to contain the soil on all sides, it will bust free when it freezes.]
What do you think? Comment below!


text:
In addition to being supplied with the finest in government grade methamphetamines, fighter pilots have other significant advantages over the rest of us. They have "superior cognitive control."
A new study published in the Journal of Neuroscience compared 11 front-line RAF pilots against a control group in two cognitive tasks, while an MRI was used "to examine the structure of white matter connections between brain regions associated with cognitive control."
The pilots showed superior cognitive control and greater accuracy, despite being more sensitive to distracting minutiae. The MRI showed the structure of their brains differed from the control, with relevant areas of the right side of the brain being larger, and connections between key areas in the brain laid out differently.
It's not known at this point if the differences come from training or if pilots are just born that way.
The tests showed that when presented with significant visual distractions, the pilots weren't much quicker than the rest of us baseline human beings, but were far more accurate.
Reference: 'Expert cognitive control and individual differences associated with frontal and parietal white matter microstructure' by Roberts RE, Anderson E & Husain M, Published in the Journal of Neuroscience


text:
Keeping information within the domain
Blog: Dave Thinking Aloud - David French
Google Apps administrators have some useful controls and tools to track where documents are being shared. Often there is a fundamental policy about sharing outside the domain (for example, to limit exposure of privileged or private information).
An administrator can set up the Drive app to prevent sharing beyond the domain.
Note that this does not revoke existing shares! If you are closing off a loophole in your security, then you can discover the documents and files that have been shared publicly (beyond the domain) using a script or custom app like the General Audit Tool.
This also provides a means of enabling sharing of documents and files by exception. Keep the domain normally secured so that users cannot share outside the domain but open the gate briefly to share a document or folder publicly and then close it again. This is handy if you want to use Google Drive Hosting on an otherwise closed domain.


text:
Effect of Admission of a Partner
Admission of a new partner is a major event in a partnership business. A new admission can take place only with the unanimous consent of all the existing partners. New partners are admitted for several reasons. Additional capital contribution, fresh ideas more contacts etc. are some of the advantages in admitting a new partner.
Following are the most important accounting aspects to be considered at the time of admission of a new partner.
1. Change in profit sharing ratio
2. Accounting treatment of Goodwill
3. Revaluation of assets and liabilities
4 Treatment of reserves and accumulated profits / losses
5. Adjustment of Capital Accounts
1. Change in Profit Sharing Ratio
When a new partner comes into the business, old partner have to adjust his profit share from their portion. Thus change in profit sharing ratio is the first accounting aspect to be considered on admission of a new partner. In academic accounting, change in profit sharing ratio can be presented in various ways:
2. The new partner's share is mentioned without specifying the old partner's profit sharing arrangement.
In this case it is to be assumed that the profit available after paying the new partner?s share is to be divided by the old partners in their old profit sharing ratio. In other words the even though the overall profit sharing ratio changes, the old ratio is still maintained between the old partners, within the new ratio.
3. Revaluation of Assets and Liabilities
Revaluation of assets and liabilities is another major step prior to admission or retirement. Revaluation is important, as there are hidden profits or losses in the difference between book value and actual market value of assets or liabilities. Revaluation is necessary whenever there is a change in profit sharing ratio, even without admission or retirement. The hidden profits or losses should be distributed in the ratio prior to change (Old ratio).
Revised values of assets and liabilities are brought into books by opening a temporary account called?revaluation account?. The purpose of revaluation account is to summarise effect of revaluation of assets and liabilities.
Revaluation account represents the combined capital account of partners. Any gain on revaluation of asset or liabilities, which are to be credited to partners, will be credited in revaluation account. Similarly any loss on revaluation will be debited in revaluation account instead of capital accounts. The revaluation account is closed by transferring its net balance to partner?s capital accounts in the profit sharing ratio.
4. Treatment of Reserves and Accumulated Profits
Accumulated profits such as general reserve, credit balance in profit &loss account etc. will be transferred to the capital accounts of old partners in the old profit sharing ratio. Similarly accumulated losses shall be transferred to the debit side of old partner?s capital accounts. Therefore these items will not appear in the new balance sheet.
5. Adjustment of Capital Accounts
When the partners change their profit sharing ratio at admission, retirement or any other reason, they also rearrange their capital accounts. Capital contribution is not essentially the basis of profit sharing. However the in most partnerships capital contribution is considered as the major factor in determining profit sharing ratio.
At the time of admission, capital contribution will be raised as an important condition. When a new partner is admitted for a certain share of profit for a certain amount of capital contribution he would naturally expect the other also maintain a capital balance matching with their profit share. Admission of a partner is not the only situation when a capital rearrangement is considered. Retirement, death or any other change in profit sharing ratio would prompt rescheduling the capital balances. The basic purpose of following?fixed capital method? is to maintain a steady capital ratio. When capital is readjusted on the basis of new partner?s capital contribution, the first step is to determine the revised capital balances of each partner. Readjustment in capital account is usually done by bringing in or taking out cash. Sometimes, in place of cash transactions, old partners may adjust their capital balances by transferring the excess or deficit in the capital accounts to their current accounts as a temporary measure. Once the capital balances are adjusted current accounts can be settled in due course.
Theory Questions 1. Explain the premium method of treatment of goodwill on admission a new partner. 2. What is sacrificing ratio on admission of a partner? 3. Give two circumstances in which sacrificing ratio must be applied. 4. Why is there a need for revaluation of assets and liabilities of a firm, if there is an admission of a new partner? 5. Explain the treatment of goodwill on admission of a partner. 6. Explain various accounting steps involved in the admission of a new partner. 7. What is meant by super profit in the valuation of goodwill? 8. Explain with reason the treatment of reserves and surplus existing in the books of the firm on admission of a partner.
1. Explain the premium method of treatment of goodwill on admission a new partner.
2. What is sacrificing ratio on admission of a partner?
3. Give two circumstances in which sacrificing ratio must be applied.
4. Why is there a need for revaluation of assets and liabilities of a firm, if there is an admission of a new partner?
5. Explain the treatment of goodwill on admission of a partner.
6. Explain various accounting steps involved in the admission of a new partner.
7. What is meant by super profit in the valuation of goodwill?
8. Explain with reason the treatment of reserves and surplus existing in the books of the firm on admission of a partner.


AW: do plants really follow the sun
Buschmann, Henrik buschmann at
Fri Jan 21 08:19:46 EST 2000
in principle every cell should be able to detect the direction of light.
Practically this should be true for leaf tissues (+flowers) and tissues of
the stem. The ability to "follow" the sun should be restricted to actively
growing parts. Leaves and flowers of sunflower plants follow the sun during
its daily course. This is also known as solar tracking. Not every plant (how
many at all?) does this.
-----Ursprüngliche Nachricht-----
Von: patrickhall at [mailto:patrickhall at]
Gesendet am: Freitag, 21. Januar 2000 06:38
An: plantbio at
Betreff: do plants really follow the sun
More information about the Plantbio mailing list


text:
Metode Konsolidasi Tanah untuk Pengadaan Tanah yang Partisipasif dan Penataan Ruang yang Terpadu. Ida Nurlinda. Journal article Ius Quia Iustum Law. 1) This peer reviewed paper was presented at the FIG Working Week in Christchurch, New Zealand, May This paper takes a closer look at the. Metode Konsolidasi Tanah untuk Pengadaan Tanah yang Partisipasif dan Penataan Ruang yang Terpadu.
|Published:||17 December 2015|
|PDF File Size:||42.84 Mb|
|ePub File Size:||43.2 Mb|
Laporan hasil akhir konsolidasi tanah tahun
This paper takes a closer look at the post-disaster re-development plan for urban areas, with a particular focus on reconsolidating historical social memory and preservation of konsolidasi tanah. This is done using two well-documented cases of urban disasters: Consequently, a post-disaster re-development plan may need to rely on different land consolidation approaches.
An associated dilemma is to re-establish the konsolidasi tanah area in its original formal shape, or to innovate the urban design partially or completely. An important consideration in the allocation of new land and konsolidasi tanah rights is whether to restitute former rights or allocate new rights.
Participation of former residents and firm owners alongside overcoming the immense social trauma are crucial elements of this process. The aim is to derive new land consolidation optimization criteria which could support urban post disaster konsolidasi tanah consolidation. The guiding hypothesis hereby is that consolidation of memory and identity are two important aspects which need to be incorporated in land consolidation design and implementation procedures in order to ensure ownership of the consolidation result and to help overcoming the social trauma.
Land consolidation theory has primarily been rooted in agricultural economics and land management. The concept of optimization during the consolidation processes can however be critically konsolidasi tanah from the perspective of social disaster mitigation experiences.
In this body of literature it is argued that the return to daily life after a disaster requires both a sufficient acknowledgement konsolidasi tanah humans tend to want to re-install historically known artefacts in order konsolidasi tanah be able to reintegrate into regular new social routines.
This is summarized by the concepts of memory consolidation and preservation of identity.
Post Disaster Consolidation of Land, Memory and Identity
These concepts provide an analytical way to question contemporary urban land consolidation konsolidasi tanah. Two relatively recent specific cases were used to assess the degree to which elements of memory consolidation and identity preservation are incorporated in post disaster land consolidation: These konsolidasi tanah were chosen because sufficient documentation has been collected, and it was still possible to acquire additional data from konsolidasi tanah who had experienced both the previous and post disaster situation.
Both cases exhibited considerable attention for the simultaneous processes of reconstruction and participation in the land consolidation processes.
Participation is often framed as a process which konsolidasi tanah to be stimulated during a technical land consolidation and reconstruction process.
In some instances it is however an endogenous social process whereby citizens claim ownership of the process prior to the technical reconstruction. Where conventional consolidation approaches in rural areas tend to emphasize the need to optimize agricultural production or environmental protection, optimization indicators in post disaster consolidation need to be adapted.
Especially procedures and tools to incorporate memory consolidation and identity preservation need to be incorporated. konsolidasi tanah
Metode Konsolidasi Tanah untuk Pengadaan Tanah yang Partisipasif dan Penataan Ruang yang Terpadu
This can be done theoretically, but still requires further research and actual implementation experiences into how to consolidate that into current institutional procedures and operational software packages.
Besides the natural disasters there is also an increase in mand-made disasters, usually due to an increase in traditional hazards such as fires konsolidasi tanah explosions, or due to human konsolidasi tanah, terrorism, war, human errors, irresponsible settlement or mismanagement in planning.
Both natural and man-made disasters manifest themselves with loss of lives and usually severe loss of buildings. Sustainable reconstruction after disasters takes place when the immediate threat of the disaster event has disappeared. In this phase there is an urgent need to rehabilitate livelihoods, reconstruct buildings and infrastructure and reallocate land and building rights.
Here, spatial planners, land managers, architects and civil engineers play a crucial role. For both types of disaster a key characteristic of urban disasters is that they - konsolidasi tanah the loss of lives and severe destruction of buildings - are accompanied a konsolidasi tanah of access to land and real estate property.
In the process of reconstruction, a post-disaster re-development plan may needs to rely on different land consolidation approaches.
Not only may previous owners and occupants of land and buildings have died as a result konsolidasi tanah the disaster or do the buildings no longer exist as a result of which reallocation of ownership konsolidasi tanah be necessaryalso the entire infrastructure may prevent the immediate reconstruction of the area in exactly the same shape.


I have a program that waits for the user to enter a string input, how can I enter that string input while debugging my program with IDA?
You can use I/O redirection operators in the Process options-Parameters field:
The standard input/output/error channels can be redirected using the bash shell notations. for example: >output 2>&1
I have found the answer after hours of searching, it is really sad that such a great tool doesn't have this option easily enabled. anyway, you have to lunch the IDA from the terminal but you have to add
"cat |"
before it. For me, it was like this
cat |./ida64
and then when the program waits for the user's input, you have to go back to the terminal and supply it there.
If you want to add a file as an input you can do this
cat myfile |./ida64
If you know any better solution please post it here.
 - You may as well use yes then. If this above method worked you may also want to check out expect and its variants (such as pexpect). – 0xC0000022L Jul 3 '19 at 21:52
Your Answer


Spy Mining: Pools Making Millions of Dollars by Mining Empty Blocks
If there are no transactions, there are no invalid transactions to nullify the block.
Etherdig, an Ethereum mining pool, is collecting mining fees without processing any transactions, according to Decrypt Media. And it is not the only one doing this.
Meet 'spy mining'.
What is Spy Mining?
In order to understand what spy mining is, you must first know that blocks in a blockchain do not all hold the same amount of information. For example, Bitcoin blocks have a data limit of one megabyte, and Bitcoin Cash blocks have a limit of 32 megabytes. Blocks do not necessarily have to hold this much data to be verified and added to the chain.
Blocks are verified when someone closes them by working out their hash, which is a code made up of all the data in that block. This code is necessary to form the next block. Mining pools work by broadcasting each new hash to all the miners that are signed up, and they all begin working on it.
It is not possible to create a hash without seeing the data in a block. What is possible, however, is to use a created hash to create a new block before transactions have been performed. If there are no transactions, there are no invalid transactions to nullify the block.
Miners receive these hashes by signing up to a mining pool, receiving a hash, but mining it for themselves. Thus, spy mining.
Selfish Mining
This is related to a practice called selfish mining.
This is when a miner finds a new block and works on finding its successor without broadcasting its existence to the network, giving him a head start. The drawback is if someone else competes for work on a competing block and it is accepted first, which means that the selfish miner has simply wasted time. To minimise this risk, the selfish miner has to have significant resources.
This is why people are scared of a 51 percent attack; if a mining pool controls the majority of computing power in the network, it could completely monopolise mining of that blockchain by mining selfishly.
Making Profit at the Expense of Others
Mining pools have access to these significant resources, and the results of these two practices are clear.
Suggested articles
Decrypt Media found that Etherdig has produced 1,250 blocks in the last three months, and processed exactly zero transactions. Its blocks contain only the phrase "Interim Global Authority", and it has made 3,750 ETH ($840,750 at the current price) in mining rewards over that period.
For reference, the Ethereum blockchain processes 5,800 blocks every day, holding approximately 540,000 transactions in total.
Etherdig is not the only pool engaging in this behaviour. Coinfi, a cryptocurrency market research company, found that F2Pool, the third-largest Ethereum mining pool, with 12.5 percent on the network hashrate, had mined 100 empty blocks in 24 hours, or 1.7 percent of all blocks on the network, as of the 2nd of October
Source: etherchain.org
This also happens on the Bitcoin blockchain. BitMEX found in October 2017 that 1.8 percent of blocks created by Antpool – one of the world's biggest mining pools – were empty, because it permits this practice. Bitfury, in comparison, has the opposite policy and produced no empty blocks. And we can see below the result in terms of the number of blocks processed (which equals profit).
Source: BitMEX
In March 2018, Bitcoin Magazine also reported that apart from the empty blocks, Antpool was also mining blocks with significantly fewer transactions than those of other mining pools.
A Legitimate Activity?
Blocks mined in this way are not technically invalid, and some argue that it is a legitimate profit-maximising activity.
Others claim that empty blocks are harmful to the network because they still raise the mining difficulty, which gives power to monopolistic mining pools. It also causes miners to waste time on invalid blocks, thus reducing the transaction capacity of the network.
What is certain is that it gives entities with access to large amounts of computing power even more of an advantage than they already had.
Antpool, for example, is one of the mining pools owned by Bitmain, a Chinese company that dwarfs all other players in the cryptocurrency mining industry. Spy mining is giving it yet another advantage.
Got a news tip? Let Us Know


text:
This article was originally distributed via PRWeb. PRWeb, WorldNow and this Site make no warranties or representations in connection therewith.
Complete Blood Viscosity Profile Accurately Measures Thickness and Stickiness of Blood Flow for Assessing Cardiovascular Health
Seattle, WA (PRWEB) October 11, 2012
Meridian Valley Laboratory, a pioneer in diagnostic and functional testing for patients and practitioners worldwide since 1976, is the first laboratory in the nation to offer a new blood viscosity test that offers unprecedented insight about a patient's blood thickness and stickiness for earlier detection of cardiovascular risks. The test can offer an early warning for helping patients and their doctors utilize the results for prevention of future heart attacks and strokes. Unlike blood viscosity tests that use serum and plasma, the Complete Blood Viscosity Profile tests whole blood and is thus able to provide information about the actual ability of blood to flow.
"Over 10,000 peer-reviewed scientific studies have been published on blood viscosity," says Dr. Jonathan V. Wright, internationally known physician, author and Meridian Valley Lab's founder and medical director. "Blood viscosity has been shown to be an independent predictor of heart attacks and strokes. Systolic blood viscosity alone has been shown to contribute at least as much predictive power as blood pressure and LDL cholesterol and more predictive power than tobacco use. Blood that is too thick or sticky can cause problems with blood flow and can damage your cardiovascular system. The Complete Blood Viscosity Profile test is critical for anyone over the age of 60 and highly recommended for people with any personal or family history of heart disease or stroke, personal or family history of diabetes, metabolic syndrome or obesity, or high blood pressure."
As part of the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, researchers at the National Institute of Aging demonstrated the critical relationship between blood viscosity and age. There is almost no age-associated increase in viscosity until 60 years of age, but after 60 years, blood viscosity increases exponentially. The Complete Blood Viscosity Profile is a vital sign for all adults over 60 year old in general health assessments and for earlier, more accurate detection of cardiovascular risk.
A few clinical reference labs claim to offer whole blood viscosity, however these tests are just for systolic blood viscosity, not diastolic. In other words, the other labs only test the thickness of the blood and not the stickiness. This is like testing blood pressure with a cuff and only measuring systolic pressure, not diastolic. The Tahoma Clinic uses an automated scanning capillary viscometer that acquires a Complete Viscosity Profile for each patient. It is the only way available to measure systolic and diastolic blood viscosity – both the thickness and stickiness of blood.
Doctors interested in scheduling patients for a blood viscosity test can contact Meridian Valley Lab to order a viscosity shipping kit or to establish an account at _PHONE_ (toll-free at 855-405-TEST).
About Meridian Valley Lab
Meridian Valley Lab, founded in 1976, is a world leader in allergy and hormone testing, specializing in comprehensive 24-hour Urine Hormone and Metabolite testing. Meridian Valley Lab was the first lab in the USA to offer this test to help doctors use Bio-Identical Hormone Replacement Therapy safely and effectively. The pioneering spirit of the lab is largely due the fearless dedication of Dr. Jonathan Wright, Medical Director, and his fearless dedication to serving humanity. Meridian Valley Lab's core values are quality and accuracy. The staff working at all levels within the organization are fully qualified, conscientious and interested in providing the best laboratory services.
More information is available at _URL_
For the original version on PRWeb visit: _URL_


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I need to display some charts in my PyQt application, so I write down these code. It is works, but sometimes, draw a chart will spend a lot of time, it will "freeze" the main window.
I think do it in another thread should resolved it. But how can I do it? Or, there is another way to draw a chart in "non-block" mode?
from PyQt4 import QtGui
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt4agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigureCanvas
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
class MplCanvas(FigureCanvas):
 def __init__(self):
 self.fig = Figure()
 self.axes = self.fig.add_subplot(111)
 # do something...
 FigureCanvas.__init__(self, self.fig)
 FigureCanvas.setSizePolicy(self, QtGui.QSizePolicy.Expanding, QtGui.QSizePolicy.Expanding)
 # do something...
 def draw(self):
 # do something...
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2 Answers
The basics of Python threading for simple uses like this are really easy.
You'll need to
import threading
and then, instead of just calling x.draw(), create a thread and run it as follows:
draw_thread = threading.Thread(target=x.draw)
That will probably get you 90% of the way at least. You can read the docs to detect things like still-running threads, waiting for threads, and so on. But at heart, it's not difficult and if ti's just simple interactive graphics this might even suffice.
Be aware, though, that if draw() references globals, there is the potential for race conditions to occur,making your program unreliable. This is a further advantage of writing code with good coupling, clean interfaces and no references to mutable globals (unless locking is used to protect those resources).
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You should us QThreads in your Qt application (to make the frame work do all of the hard work for you)
 1. put your time consuming work in a worker class (that is derived from QObject)
 2. In you class that is caling the plotting add something like
 self.thread = QtCore.QThread(parent=self)
 self.worker = Worker(parent=None)
and communicate with your worker via signals/slots. If you call it directly (as in self.worker.do_slow_stuff()), it will run on the thread you call it from, which will block the main event loop making the interface freeze.
A good explanation of how to (and not to) do threading with QThread (read both..the first one now describes the default behaviour)
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Your Answer


What is the largest heritage tree in Singapore?
S/N Species Height (m)
1 Adansonia digitata (Baobab) 5
2 Adenanthera pavonina (Saga Daun Tumpul) 8
3 Alangium ridleyi (Mentulang Daun Lebar) 2
4 Albizia lebbekoides (Tekik) 40
How many heritage trees are there in Singapore?
The Heritage Tree Register currently has a record of 257 Heritage Trees all over Singapore.
What are heritage trees Singapore?
Heritage trees in Singapore are individual mature trees specially selected for protection by law under the Heritage Trees Scheme adopted on 17 August 2001.
Where is the oldest tree in Singapore?
Tallest And Oldest Existing Trees
Some trees from this family grow to a height of over 40m at the Bukit Timah Reserve. One Seraya tree (Shorea curtisii) from the Dipterocarp family, believed to be about 360 years old, is the oldest tree in Singapore.
What are the big trees in Singapore?
Tembusu. The Tembusu is one of Singapore's most distinctive trees. This native of Singapore is a large, evergreen tree that grows up to 40m in height.
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What is the most common tree in Singapore?
Rain Tree. One of the most iconic trees in our city, the Rain Tree (Samanea saman) can be identified by its distinct umbrella-shaped and wide spreading crown, which creates a "great tunnel" effect when planted in rows along our streets. Its compound leaves fold up at night or during rainy days when the sky is overcast.
Why is it called Rain Tree?
It provides plenty of shade with its big umbrella-shaped crown. When it blooms, the crown of this tree is covered in clusters of pink-white flowers, like small upturned brushes. The leaves fold up before rainy weather – this is why it is called the Rain Tree.
Can trees be heritage listed?
This is a list of places, trees, natural formations, and buildings of cultural heritage significance. … Listing on the State Heritage Register means that the heritage item is legally protected as a heritage item under the NSW Heritage Act and requires approval from the Heritage Council of NSW for major changes.
Where is Saga tree in Singapore?
Saga (Adenanthera pavonina)
The sole Heritage Tree can be found at the Singapore Botanic Gardens, near the Lady On A Hammock sculpture.
Is tembusu native to Singapore?
The Tembusu is one of Singapore's most distinctive trees. This native of Singapore is a large, evergreen tree that grows up to 40m in height. … This Heritage Tree is reportedly more than 150 years old.
What is the oldest tree in the world?
The Great Basin Bristlecone Pine (Pinus Longaeva) has been deemed the oldest tree in existence, reaching an age of over 5,000 years old.
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Are rain trees native to Singapore?
The Rain Tree originates from South and Central America. … It was introduced to Singapore in 1876, and by the mid-1900s, it was planted throughout the tropics.
What are the biggest trees in the world?
The largest tree in the world is a giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum) in California's Sequoia National Park. Called General Sherman, the tree is about 52,500 cubic feet (1,487 cubic meters) in volume.
What is Singapore national bird?
The National Bird Of Singapore, Crimson Sunbird.
Is it illegal to pick flowers in Singapore?
The public is not allowed to harvest from state land managed by the Singapore Land Authority (SLA) or NParks, according to an ST report in 2017. This is unlike countries overseas, such as Germany, where one can pluck fruits or plants on public land.
Do oak trees grow in Singapore?
Conservation status: A critically endangered, native tree. Local distribution: Lithocarpus conocarpus thrives on clay-rich soils of primary forests. The tree is cultivated in Singapore. Interesting Note: The species was once quite common in Singapore, hence its common name — Singapore Oak.
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Using Build Classes
CloudBees Accelerator provides features to organize builds in even the most complex environments. You do not need to create a build class—by default, a simple organizational structure is set up for you. But, if you have diverse product lines, or multiple product releases, you should set up and use build classes.
A build class is a flexible, user-defined classification for a designated group of builds. Using build classes is optional, but if you do not assign a build class, the Cluster Manager assigns the build to a default build class. Build classes help you organize the build management process.
Depending on your company requirements, you might use build classes to organize build groups by version or release, product type, development stage, or platform. You can decide how to use build classes to organize your builds into sets.
Classes have default priorities and boost values. Boost values have a range of -10 to +10 (default 0), where a higher value means that builds in that class can use available agents ahead of builds with the same priority but less boost.
Tag Definitions
Each build in a class is identified by a unique string called a tag. The build tag definition is a template that expands when a new build starts. The tag is user-defined and generally consists of a generic build name appended with build-specific data constructed from the following variables:
Globally unique number (Global Counter)
Number unique to the build class (Local Counter; the build serial number within the class)
User-defined build class name
System-generated number that the Cluster Manager uses to identify each class
Name of the user who invoked eMake
Name of the machine where eMake was invoked
Label specified at the eMake command line. For example, --emake-build-label=my_build
Operating system ID under which the build was invoked. ( 0 = undefined, 1 = Windows, and 3 = Linux)
Build start date and time using variables Y, y, m d, H, M, S. Ffor example, 2005-01-18 10:14:32 is 20050118101432
Year at build start time ( YYYY )
Year at build start time ( YY )
Sequential month number at build start time ( 1-12 )
Sequential day of month at build start time ( 1-31 )
Hour of the day at build start time ( 0-23 )
Minutes at build start time ( 0-59 )
Seconds at build start time ( 0-60 )
Abbreviated day of week at build start time ( WED )
Full name of the day of week at build start time (such as Wednesday )
Abbreviated month name at build start time (such as AUG )
Full month name at build start time (such as August )
Build start date and time using the variables A, B, d, H, M, S, Y. For example, 2005-01-18 10:14:32 is 18/01/05 10:14:32.
Together, the build name and variables are referred to as the tag definition. Variable names are case-sensitive.
For example, the tag definition %BUILD_CLASS%%LC%%DATE% for a build class named QA_BUILD creates the following build tag:
When assigning build class tag definitions, choose from the list of tag variables above.
Build Class Examples
Suppose your company has two major product lines: SuperSoftware and MegaSoftware. SuperSoftware runs on Windows and Linux platforms. MegaSoftware runs on Windows only. You could begin by setting up three classes that include the product name, the platform, and the current version number for each product:
 - You could name the first class SuperSoftware_Win_v.2.1. The tag definition for this class would be:
The result would be a series of builds each named, or tagged, with the product name, the platform, the version number, a serial number (unique to the class), and the date for each build. For example:
 - The second class could be named SuperSoftware_Lin_v.1.7. The tag definition can be the same as in our first example, because it would be distinguished by the second build class name. Build tags in the second class would look like:
 - The third class could be named MegaSoftware_Win_v.1.3. For this product, the tag definition would be similar to the previous examples but also could include the name of the user who started the build, because the MegaSoftware team is spread over several different locations. For this class, the tag definition might look like:
 - As in the first two examples, the result would be a sequentially-numbered series of builds with the product name, platform, version number, name of the user who ran the build, and date of each build assigned through the build class:
Additional classes could be created when the development of SuperSoftware or MegaSoftware entered a new phase, such as a new platform release or a new version release. In this way, the builds for each stage of development can be segmented into logical sets for a more manageable and organized workflow.
Creating a New Build Class Using the Cluster Manager
 1. Open a web browser and go to the Cluster Manager host.
 2. Click the Build > Build Classes tab.
 The Build Classes page displays.
 3. Click the New Build Class link.
 A blank class details screen appears.
 4. Click the Show Help link on the right side of the screen to see field descriptions,and then fill in the fields accordingly.
 5. In the Tag Definition text box, enter the build class tag definition.
To avoid errors, follow standard naming conventions for tag definitions by using numbers, letters, and underscores only without leading or trailing white spaces. Use underscores ( _ ) instead of spaces. Use a percent sign on either side of any variables used. (For example, %DATE% ).
 1. Continue filling in the fields.
 See the online help for more information if needed.
 2. Click OK.
You can add comments to the build class. To do so, click the Build > Build Class tab, then select a build class name. For details about on adding or editing build class comments, adding or editing class properties, or deleting a build class, see the online help.
Using an Existing Build Class
Assign the build's class name through the --emake-class= eMake command-line option when the build is invoked. If you do not assign a build class, the Cluster Manager assigns the build to the default class. If the class name typed on the eMake command line does not match a class name already in the Cluster Manager, eMake exits.
Makefile Macros
eMake automatically creates makefile macros ( ECLOUD_BUILD_CLASS and ECLOUD_BUILD_TAG ) from Cluster Manager build class data. These macros can be used to place generated values in your makefiles. For details, see the " Using eMake Variables " section.


Chart Recorders
Chart Recorders
A traditional chart recorder is an electromechanical device that records the temperature recorded inside the fridge or freezer by drawing on a piece of paper called a chart. The beauty of a chart recorder is that it allows you to immediately see the temperature history inside the fridge or freezer. There is no need to take a data logger over to a computer to download the information which also makes it ideal for people that may not be computer literate.
A more recent development is paperless chart recorders. These still display the temperature history in a graphical format but the temperature history is stored in electronic format like a data logger. Common methods of transferring the data to a PC include via WiFi or a USB stick.
These chart recorders can be connected to an existing refrigerator or freezer, are mains powered and easy to operate. We can also supply in-built chart recorders for many of our new fridges and freezers.
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 - Panel Mount Paperless Chart Recorder
 Data logger for monitoring where manual supervision and/or alarm notification is mandatory. WiFi connectivity to PC and cloud for continuous logging of
 Made to order
 - TT260 Chart Recorder
 The TT260 Chart Recorder can be connected to an existing refrigerator or freezer. It is mains powered and is easy
 $1,765.00 excl. GST
 In stock. Typically shipped in 1 week
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text: Just like the adult book,The Prayer Covenant, The Power of the Prayer Covenant for Kids provides an explanation of each line of the Kid s Prayer Covenant. Just like the adult book, it provides a wonderful and engaging handbook on prayer and discipleship. Each line of the prayer has rich colorful illustrations that kids will love. The first half of the book is just for kids. The second half is written as a teaching guide for parents and teachers.


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Is it possible to set the inertia tensor used for a rigid body control?
I have understood thus far that it is possible to set the mass and principal moments of inertia for a rigid body through function calls to jbullet itself through the following functions:
final javax.vecmath.Vector3f principalInertia = new javax.vecmath.Vector3f(inertia.toArray(null)); rbc.getObjectId().setMassProps(mass_kg, principalInertia);
or to set the principal inertias more directly:
final javax.vecmath.Vector3f principalInertia = new javax.vecmath.Vector3f(inertia.toArray(null)); setInvInertiaDiagLocal(Vector3f diagInvInertia);
However, I have not been able to find any way to set the off diagonal terms of the inertia tensor, namely through specifying the principal axes. At the very least, I expected it to be pretty straightforward something as basic as the entire inertia matrix for an rbc to exist, but i have not been able to find anything. At first i considered that jbullet might limit itself to have all rigid bodies require principal axes that align with the reference frame unit vectors( which would be severely limiting, but i considered it nonetheless) but I could clearly see that it was possible to get the inertia tensor as a whole(but not set it?) that the off diagonal terms were not zero. Namely this was observed with the function:
javax.vecmath.Matrix3f inertiaTensor = new javax.vecmath.Matrix3f(); rbc.getObjectId().getInvInertiaTensorWorld(inertiaTensor);
Since the off diagonal terms were clearly non-zero, then the principal axes are clearly not aligned with the rbc reference frame. So the question remains, how can either the principal axes or the entire inertia tensor as a whole be set?


Hair Testing for Drugs & Alcohol
We work with one of the UK's leading testing laboratories to provide hair sample analysis
Hair testing for drugs and alcohol is used by individuals, workplaces, social care agencies, family and criminal law, education and government sectors.
How does hair testing work?
When ingested into the body, alcohol and drugs produce specific chemical markers in the body called metabolites. These markers are passed into the hair, which then acts as a record of a person's alcohol or drug use over time. The presence of these metabolites helps to prove that the compound was ingested by that person.
Hair grows at approx. 1cm per month, so when tested in a laboratory each 1cm of hair sample represents 1 month of metabolites. This is why hair testing is able to provide such a large window of detection; assessing drug use as far back as 6 months and alcohol as much as 2 years.
The time frame of detection required dictates the amount of hair required for the sample. For example, if you need to assess drug use in the past 4 months, then 4 cm of hair will need to be analysed with the laboratory.
As hair takes around 7 days to grow out of the scalp, this is the minimum time frame a hair test can detect. It may therefore be necessary to use hair testing in conjunction with other methods, like oral fluid (saliva) testing.
Advantages of hair testing:
 - Very difficult to cheat
 - Indicates history of alcohol or drug use over weeks and months
 - Highly accurate and reliable
 - Simple non-invasive collection
Disadvantages of hair testing:
 - Hair tests cannot precisely determine the quantity of substances used by the donor
 - Samples cannot indicate substance use less than 7 days after the incident
How does hair testing for alcohol work?
The metabolites associated with alcohol consumption are ethyl glucorinide (EtG), fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs), and phosphatidylethanol (PEth). These biomarkers are recognised as direct and specific markers of ethanol.
Ethyl Glucorinide (EtG) is produced through non-oxidative metabolism in the liver and through a reaction that is catalysed by isoenzymes. EtG appears in blood less than 45 minutes after alcohol consumption, and in urine in less than 60 minutes. EtG also accumulates in the hair and this allows for a larger window of time for alcohol consumption detection, enabling EtG to be used as a long-term alcohol marker.
EtG testing is the most reliable hair test when determining the levels of alcohol consumed. The EtG test is designed to show a change in pattern of alcohol consumption. From the time that an individual stops drinking, the levels of EtG in the hair decreases in a linear pattern over 3-6 months. However, there are a number of studies that show chemical treatments and bleaching reduce the levels of EtG from the hair, therefore the results should be interpreted carefully.
Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters (FAEE) hair testing is designed to show a long-term (10 months to 2 years) alcohol consumption habit. It is important to note that from the time an individual stops the consumption of alcohol, the levels of FAEE can rise, before dropping 6-9 months after abstinence has commenced. Regular use of hair cosmetics that contain alcohol can strongly increase FAEEs in hair, which can influence the results to show excessive alcohol consumption.
A basic level of FAEE is measured in everyone's hair, even of those who are teetotal. FAEE and EtG complement one and other with respect to their different sensitivity to hair cosmetics, for example, false positive FAEE results due to use of hair cosmetics containing ethanol would not be confirmed because the same specimen would have a negative EtG result.


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Evans, E. H. and Brown, R. G. and Wellburn, A. R. (1992) Chlorophyll fluorescence decay profiles of O3-exposed spruce needles as measured by time-correlated single photon counting. New Phytologist, 122 (3). pp. 501-506. ISSN 1469-8137Full text not available from this repository.
Chlorophyll fluorescence decay profiles have been measured in the wavelength range 680–720 nm for needles from Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst] trees which have been exposed to ozone. All profiles required three exponential components of lifetime 100–150 ps, 400–600 ps and 3.5–5.0 ns to fit the experimental data. Compared to control samples, the ozone-treated needles exhibited a greater amount of the longest-lived chlorophyll fluorescence and a redistribution in intensity for both the other components from 720 + to 690 nm. These observations are interpreted in terms of disruption of energy transfer and break-up of light-harvesting complexes on exposure to ozone. The potential for use of the technique in monitoring forest decline is discussed.
|Journal or Publication Title:||New Phytologist|
|Uncontrolled Keywords:||Picea abies (Norway spruce) • air pollution • forest decline • light-harvesting chlorophyll protein • reaction centres|
|Subjects:||G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > GE Environmental Sciences|
|Departments:||Faculty of Science and Technology > Lancaster Environment Centre|
|Deposited On:||13 Jan 2009 12:54|
|Last Modified:||26 Jul 2012 16:05|
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Fix This Page
Text Indexes
MongoDB provides text indexes to support text search queries on string content. text indexes can include any field whose value is a string or an array of string elements.
To perform text search queries, you must have a text index on your collection. A collection can only have one text search index, but that index can cover multiple fields.
For example you can run the following in a mongo shell to allow text search over the name and description fields:
db.stores.createIndex( { name: "text", description: "text" } )
See the Text Indexes section for a full reference on text indexes, including behavior, tokenization, and properties.


Champagne: In Victory One Deserves It; In Defeat One Needs It – Napolean
December 24, 2010 No comments
Watch our videoÂ on facebookÂ of Rhonda RhyneÂ teaching the EasthamsÂ about Sabering Champagne!
Sabering –
An old tradition which represents, today, a festive gesture of friendship, love and respect for champagne (and friends)!
I.Â What is Sabering?
Sabering is the French tradition of removing the cork from a bottle of champagne. This ritual dates back to Napoleon, when his soldiers used the reverse edge of their saber to break the neck of the bottle.Â Hence, the French expression "saber the bottle" came about illustrating the French belief that it is better to destroy the bottle than to do without champagne!
II.Â How to Saber
 1. Properly chilled champagne bottle (between 35 and 40 degrees Fahrenheit);
 2. Remove all the foil that dresses the top of the bottle.Â Now, carefully, and with the cork pointed away from any person, animal, precious object, gently remove the muzzle cage. If properly chilled and not shaken, the cork should remain in the bottle.
 3. Hold the bottle with the thumb of the hand you don't write with firmly set in the "butt" of the bottle.Â The rest of your fingers will cradle the base of the bottle.
 4. Find the Seam: Using the hand you write with, slide the nail of your thumb around the top of the bottle's neck, just below the area where the muzzle was attached (this part is also called the annulus).Â You are looking for the bottle's seam.Â There are always two to a bottle. Where that seam meets the annulus is the weakest spot of the bottle.Â It is so weak, in fact, that with experience, a skilled saberer can perform the task with a butter-knife or even the foot of a champagne glass. Now turn the bottle so that this weak spot is facing you on top.Â This is the spot you will make contact with the blade;
 5. Firmly hold the saber and place its blade on the top of the bottle's shoulder on the seam. For best results, the bottle should be about two thirds of the blade away from the saber handle. Angle saber around 30-45 degrees to bottle and have elbow about 6 inches from your body;
 6. Angle of the bottle should be such that the fluid is just short of touching the base of the cork in the bottle.Â Â A lesser angle will cause spillage, and a greater angle will make the sliding of the blade less natural.
 7. Critical for successful sabering is momentum: It is not strength or force that is required, but rather momentum and follow-through that pops the cork and bottle head off simultaneously.Â As in golf or tennis, you need to maintain the motion beyond the point of impact.Â If you stop the motion at the annulus you risk chipping the rim.Â Do not hesitate, and do not use your wrist in the action â€" all the motion is from the elbow. Simply slide the blade alongside the bottle's neck with the intention to impact beyond the cork.
III.Â Caution and Questions
Beware: Sabered bottles easily cut fingers, skin
The top of a saberedÂ bottle, and the glass attached to the sabered cork may be sharp and must be handled with extreme care so as to not cut yourself or others.
Will glass end up in the fluid?
No, the pressure in the bottle, equivalent to that of a truck's tire, but far less than a soda bottleâ€™s, will prevent any potential glass chards from slipping into the bottle.
Will this spoil the quality of the beverage?
Not really, though some would argue that it causes undue stress to the nectar.Â You might want to avoid sabering an extraordinary champagne.
As with anything, common sense and responsibility will allow you to perform this act with confidence and safety for the pleasure of all.Â If you do not have a saber, use a large, heavy kitchen knife and use the back, or blunt, side of the blade to saber the bottle.
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text:
The continuing success of the Hunter Education Program demonstrates the impact of these volunteer efforts. Hunting-related incidents in New Hampshire have decreased from more than 24 per year when the program started in the 1960s to an average of about four per year in the current decade
-- a remarkable figure in light of the fact that about 78,000 people hunt in the state each year.
The number of lost hunters has also dramatically decreased as a result of the program. As recently as the early 1980s, nearly 30 hunters a year became lost or disoriented and required a costly search to be rescued. Thanks in large part to the emphasis on orienteering taught in hunter education, the number of lost hunters requiring a search and rescue mission has averaged just over four per year for the last five years


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Candidate: Queen Square
Location: Bristol, UK
Category: The Great Place Award
1. Although the transformation of Queen Square has resulted in a magnificent public space, there is much opportunity to further develop the underutilized spaces surrounding the square
2. The redevelopment of Queen Square over the past two decades reflects the changing economic and social conditions of city living that has seen pedestrian movement re-established to create a successful public space with the capacity to adapt to different needs and expectations of the local community
3. Due to the occupation of the aesthetically pleasing Georgian style townhouses by commercial enterprises, the square is conducive to hosting events and festivals without disrupting residential tenants, making it a vibrant public space
4. Queen Square has a distinctive sense of place, and the city council is emphasizing the importance of high quality management and maintenance of the square, seeking to respect both the people and the ecology
5. The prioritization of pedestrian traffic in the square has resulted in a more sustainable environment that has contributed to the stable and efficient use and occupation of the buildings – as well as the constant daily use of the square, which has further contributed to the social, cultural and economic compatibility between the different users and their needs.
Queen Square (named after Queen Anne) is an impressive Georgian square, claimed to be one of the largest of its type in Europe and the first residential square to be developed in England outside London. The square was built between 1699 and 1720 on the old town marsh as houses for the city's merchants, providing a direct relationship between the merchants' houses and their business on the surrounding quaysides and the Square has reflected the growth and changes of the city ever since. It occupies 2.4 hectares with lawns and wide gravel paths, a statue of King William III (grade-I listed) at the centre and a perimeter of mature plane trees. It is now home to around 70 businesses and in addition to its constant daily use an estimated 40,000 people attended organised formal events in the Square last year.
The space is a splendid example of a historic square restored to its former glory, the trees (magnificent) and the architecture (glorious) combine to provide a welcoming atmosphere aided by the now much reduced traffic flow. Great care has been taken with materials and detailing to ensure that the restoration scheme is historically appropriate and built to the highest quality. The economic success of the scheme is reflected in the current 100% occupation of all the buildings at rentals 16% above average, compared with an average 33% vacancy level in the 1990's.
The space has benefited in the recent past from Bristol City Council's very clear and singular vision, published in 1990, that resulted in the removal of the inner ring road from the square. The road was driven right through the square in 1936 and finally closed in 1992. The removal of the dual carriageway was the most crucial part of the regeneration scheme which was fiercely opposed by many in the city. It took 20 years from the publication of the original concept to completion. The associated regeneration of the space included not only the restoration of the historic landscape of the main square but also the creation of entirely new urban spaces where there had previously been just roads in Thunderbolt Square and Bell Lane. It also helped to build a case for the Brunel Mile and the key pedestrian link of Pero's Bridge which is central to the Harbourside's success.
The current vision for Queen Square is centred on the management and maintenance of the public space, overlooked by the commercial residents (occasionally used for public events). The City council has a committed revenue fund to maintain the space and manage the events. The 'residents' are represented by the Queen Square Association which provides a conduit for the Council and event planners to communicate and consult with the local community. This vision is focussed on the 'inside' of the square without looking beyond the perimeter. There is an opportunity to use the space as a catalyst to regenerate adjacent neglected spaces and streets, particularly on and around Welsh Back and The Grove. Perhaps two new pedestrian bridges across the water to the east and south would provide the movement and permeability that is currently lacking on these two streets? There is a plan for improving pedestrian links with St Mary Redcliffe and Temple Meads Station by way of the provision of green pedestrian corridors alongside existing vehicular routes.
Queen Square is not only providing a significant and sustainable economic benefit by providing high quality commercial accommodation but is also providing for a large number of events that enriches the cultural diversity of the city. The Bristol City Design Group consider it would be useful to carry out research into the economic impact of the Queen Square regeneration and its contribution to cultural life of the city.


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Many of you may have driven the Chicago Skyway, with its half-mile long bridge, known as the "High Bridge." Have you ever wondered why there is a giant bridge on the way to Indiana? Why not simply build a road?
The answer lies in a quirk city law and the political ingenuity of Mayor Richard J. Daley. In the late 1950s, when Daley decided he wanted a toll road to Indiana, the Chicago city charter did not allow for the funding or construction of a toll highway. Daley, undaunted, recognized the lack of and legal restriction to building a toll bridge. Additionally, no restriction existed regarding the length of the approach to that bridge. The result: The 7.8 mile long Chicago Skyway is technically a bridge with a six mile approach.


Munich Personal RePEc Archive
Cultural Beliefs, Values and Economics: A Survey
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The present work reviews the relation between culture and economics; in doing so, we often distinguish between the historical component of culture (i.e. inherited values) and its contemporaneous component (i.e. social interactions). First, the paper emphasizes which cultural traits are relevant in economics, reviews situations where culture affects economic outcomes and addresses the relevance of culture across time and space. Then, it explains the theoretical framework of reference for the transmission of both contemporaneous and inherited culture. Finally, it presents econometric techniques available to the researchers and suitable to investigate the impact of culture on economic outcomes, providing suggestions for future research.
MPRA is a RePEc service hosted by
the Munich University Library in Germany.


text:
Q: At the company where I work, the project managers use the phrase "speak to" like this: "Would you be able to speak to this question?" Is that usage correct? Or is it just another "office-ism"?
A: People use the expression "speak to," meaning to address an issue, in two different ways.
The first usage, as in the example "increased crime speaks to the need for vigilance," goes back to the 17th century, according to the Oxford English Dictionary. In this sense, "speak to" means to influence or to constitute evidence of something.
The second usage, as in "let me speak to that," also goes back at least as far as the 17th century. The OED cites several published examples of "speak to" in the sense of to deal with or discuss or comment on. The first citation is from 1610: "I desire them therefore to speake to these foure points."
So both usages are well-established. But these days they're also much overused, especially in muddy or imprecise writing. I find the second one the most annoying. When I hear people say, "Let me speak to that," I expect them to speak around a point without really addressing it. In other words, here comes a half-baked comment.
Buy Pat's books at a local store or Amazon.com.


text:
Nowadays, many software developers choose to host their projects in open software repositories. These repositories have become valuable resources of software engineering research. Many emerging software engineering research efforts are based on analyzing and mining these repositories, or are evaluated on the software projects collected from these repositories. However, a major obstacle of effectively leveraging these repositories is that, most of repositories contain only source code, while a large portion of program analysis techniques target at objective code only. Thus, most software engineering researchers have to either manually build a small number of software projects to enable objective-code analysis on them, or use only source-code analysis techniques. In this paper, we propose to bridge this gap by automatic compiling and building software projects in software repositories. Specifically, we present a fully automatic building tool called AutoBuilder, that detects build configuration files, downloads dependencies, and resolves conflicts and incompatibilities. To evaluate our technique, we apply our approach on a randomly collected set of 1,000 software projects with 23 million lines of code from Github. The experimental results show that our approach is able to successfully build 58.0\% of the projects and compile 59.0\% of the code (in lines), compared with building 32.6\% of the projects, and compiling 32.3\% of the code (in lines) by a baseline approach.
xiaoyin.wang AT utsa.edu
Download AutoBuilder 0.1
Automatically bulding software projects to support analysis of software repositories
Preliminary Study Details
Up-to-date Set Evaluation Details
Historical Set Evaluation Details
Study of Build Correctness


text:
The structural relationship between negative thermal expansion and quartic anharmonicity of cubic ScF3
|Date/Time:||Thursday, 19 Jan 2012 - Thursday, 19 Jan 2012|
|Location:||PHYSICS Room 5|
|Channel:||Condensed Matter Physics|
California Institute of Technology
Cubic scandium tri-fluoride (ScF3) has a large negative thermal expansion over a wide range of temperature. Inelastic neutron scattering experiments were performed with the ARCS spectrometer at the SNS to study the temperature dependence of the lattice dynamics of ScF3 from 7 to 750 K. The measured phonon densities of states show a large anharmonic contribution with a thermal stiffening of modes around 25meV. Phonon calculations with first-principles methods identified the individual modes in the DOS, and frozen phonon calculations showed that some of the modes with motions of F atoms transverse to their bond direction behave as quantum quartic oscillators. The quartic potential originates from harmonic interatomic forces in the DO9 structure of ScF3, and accounts for phonon stiffening with temperature and a significant part of the negative thermal expansion.