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What happens when procurement rules are breached?
PQQ Process
Public sectors buyers in the UK must follow the EU rules for public procurement when issuing invitations to tender. The rules are designed to ensure equal treatment, transparency and proportionality; suppliers going into the process know how the tender is going to be structured, evaluated, and ultimately how it will be awarded.
When applied properly, these guiding principles safeguard the fairness of the whole exercise, opening up opportunities to SMEs and reducing barriers to participation.
But what can a bidder do when the authority doesn't abide by the rules?
More specifically, what remedies are available when the authority sets out the process for the tender, but then doesn't follow that process when awarding a contract?
Since 2007, the recourse available to contractors has been relatively well understood. During the standstill period, commonly referred to as the Alcatel period after a ground-breaking pair of court cases, tenderers can challenge a decision before a contract is formally awarded to a successful tenderer. But what about disputes beyond this point? Once the contract has been signed, it has been possible for an aggrieved contractor to issue proceedings, triggering an automatic suspension of a disputed procurement process. A contract can be set aside by court and declared ineffective and, understandably, complainants who find themselves out of pocket as a result of procurement rules being breached can seek damages.
Nuclear Decommissioning Authority 'not playing by the rules'
However, a recent high-profile case in the UK Supreme Court has cast increased doubt for contractors seeking damages due to rules breached in EU public procurement. The case, Nuclear Decommissioning Authority v EnergySolutions EU Limited (2017), arose when EnergySolutions missed out on a major nuclear decommissioning contract by a mere 1.06%. Most tenderers will have felt the sting of narrowly missing out on a contract, but in this case EnergySolutions, a consortium of US-based firms, was left feeling particularly sore having spent an estimated £10 million on preparing their tender. More to the point, it was suspected that the outcome was not only unfortunate but unfair. The consortium looked into the circumstances around the outcome, and ultimately uncovered a number of alleged issues:
 - The scoring mechanism was substantially changed late in the procurement process
 - Scores were altered during the evaluation period, but appropriate records of the reasons for these changes were not kept
 - Scores generally did not reflect the quality of the tenders submitted
 - Records of the evaluation process were kept to a minimum
 - The evaluation process was not consistent with the information presented to bidders, and was not applied consistently to all bidders
 - Clarification was not sought consistently for all bidders
 - Bidders who had failed a mandatory pass/fail question were not excluded from the process.
Health & Social Bid Management
Many of these reasons will not be unfamiliar to tenderers and can certainly be grounds for a challenge to a decision. Most striking in this case is how many issues were alleged for a single process. As a result of the discrepancies, EnergySolutions stood to lose not only the £10 million they spent on tendering, but the lost £100 million in fees from not being awarded the contract.
Ultimately, the UK Supreme Court found in favour of EnergySolutions, awarding damages to the amount of £110 million. At face value, the case sounds relatively simple: the evidence sounds clear-cut, and the claimant who lost out as a result of procurement rules not being followed was compensated in line with existing legal precedent. Under the surface, however, the case was very complex and took two years to settle, and has led to some key terminology from the legislation being placed under the spotlight.
What happens now?
Prevailing uncertainty comes from the need for a "serious breach" to have taken place for there to be grounds for an aggrieved contractor to seek damages: but who decides what is and isn't serious? It will probably take several more complex, protracted court cases to establish the standard. For the time being, bidders should be vigilant when reviewing the feedback received post-tender. If a process failure is suspected, tenderers should challenge the decision early, during the standstill period; authorities, not wanting to incur huge costs paying damages after a contract has been awarded, will take challenges during this period seriously, and decisions can and will be overturned when appropriate. Beyond that point, the onus will be on the complainant to prove that a serious breach has taken place.
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Related Analysis Pages
Simile in The Old Nurse's Story
Simile Examples in The Old Nurse's Story:
The Old Nurse's Story
"The hard, sad Miss Furnivall, and the cold Mrs. Stark, looked pleased when she came fluttering in like a bird, playing and pranking hither and thither, with a continual murmur, and pretty prattle of gladness...." See in text (The Old Nurse's Story)
Hester's description of toddler Rosamond recalls a chattering bird, bringing cheerfulness and conversation to previously silent and darkened places. Rosamond's good humor serves as a contrast to Mrs. Stark and Miss Furnivall, who are both quiet and unfriendly. Note also that birds are notoriously fragile creatures; Hester's protectiveness of Rosamond is shown in her word choice to describe the child.
"a face as full of fine wrinkles as if they had been drawn all over it with a needle's point...." See in text (The Old Nurse's Story)
Notice the simile here: Miss Furnivall's wrinkles are so precise that it looks as if someone has carefully drawn them on with a pinpoint. This highlights both her advanced age and suggests she is someone who is as precise as her appearance.
"who was like a sunbeam in any family, be it never so grand..." See in text (The Old Nurse's Story)
Notice the simile used to characterize Rosamond: she is like a "sunbeam," a bright flash of warm, comforting light in an otherwise dreary landscape. Hester calls Rosamond her "pet" out of affection, not out of condescending ownership, showing the true bond that exists between the two.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


China wholesale Basketball Training Equipment - Basketball Training Machine DL2 – DKsportbot
Parameters: * Color: Light Green * Net weight: 123kg * Power: 180W * Frequency: 2.6-4.5s/ball * Voltage: AC 110V/220V Function: * Can practice shooting posture, holding skills, two-point and three-point shooting. Fixed-point shots, shooting on the move, jump shots, hollow shots etc. * 17 points in different modes of programming * Fixed-point, horizontal ball, spin, speed adjustment, frequency adjustment * Circulation net system, which can be used for 1-3 balls * Fixed point or horizontal shooting with 180 degree * The distance between two service wheels can be adjusted according to personal preference or habits, to control the intensity and speed of the ball * Practice physical strength and reaction speed * Fastest: 2.6 sec/ball, Slowest: 4.5 sec/ball


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Project 705
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Mirror Universe
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Project 705
A Project 705 class submarine
The Project 705 (or Alfa-class) was a type of military submarine used in the mirror universe on Earth during that planet's 20th century. (ENT: "In a Mirror, Darkly")
Although not mentioned by name, the Project 705 submarine (pictured, right) appeared in the opening credits, indicating the craft was manufactured and used in that universe. It was reused footage from the film The Hunt for Red October.
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Our goal is to understand the structure of subgroups of graphs of groups. This will enable us to prove things like: F \ast_{z} F is LERF.
Exercise 22. A group is coherent if every fg subgroup is fp. Prove that \pi_1 of a finite graph of groups with coherent vertex groups and cyclic edge group is coherent.
Recall, that if H \subseteq \pi_1 \mathcal{G}=G is fg then H has an induced graph of groups structure. \mathcal{H} =H \backslash T_H \subseteq H \backslash T where T is the Bass-Serre tree of \mathcal{G}.
Topologically, H defines a covering space X^H \rightarrow X_g, which inherits a graph of spaces structure with underlying graph H\backslash T.
\Gamma' =H \backslash T_H \subseteq H \backslash T is a finite connected subgraph and the image of \Gamma' in X^H is a connected subcomplex X' such that \pi_1 X' = \pi_1 X^H =H. X' has the structure of a graph of space with underlying graph \Gamma'
There is an explicit algebraic description of H\backslash T, which follows immediately from Lemmas 16,17,18.
Lemma 23. (a) The vertices of H\backslash T are in bijection with \coprod_{v \in V(\Gamma)} H \backslash G/G_v=\coprod_{v \in V(\Gamma)}\{HgG_v\mid g \in G\}.
The vertex HgG_v is labelled by: H \cap gG_vg^{-1}, well-defined up to conjugation in H.
(b) The edges of H\backslash T are in bijection with \coprod_{e \in E(\Gamma)} H \backslash G/G_e. The vertex HgG_e is labelled with H \cap g G_e g ^{-1}.
(c) The edges of H\backslash T adjoining the vertex corresponding to HgG_v are in bijection with \coprod_{e~\mathrm{adjoining}~v} (g^{-1} H g \cap G_v ) \backslash G_v/G_e.
Now we will try to understand this topologically. In particular, we will understand the edge maps of a covering space of a graph of spaces.
Let f:X \rightarrow Y be a continuous map and Y' \rightarrow Y a covering map. If f':X \rightarrow Y' makes the diagram commutes, then f' is a lift of f.
Lemma 24. Fix basepoint x \in X, y=f(x) \in Y, and y' \in Y' mapping to y. There is a lift f':X \rightarrow Y' with f'(x)=y' if and only if f_{\ast} \pi_1(X,x) \subseteq \pi_1(Y',y'). Furthermore, if this lift exists it is unique.
It may be impossible to lift at y'. But it is possible if we pass to a covering space. Eg., if \tilde{X} \rightarrow X is the universal cover. Intuitively, an elevation is a minimal lift.
Definition: Let X,Y,Y', x,y,y' be as above. A based connected covering space (X',x') \rightarrow (X,x) together with a based map f':(X',x')\to (Y',y') such that
commutes is an elevation (of f at y') if whenever the diagram
commutes and X' \rightarrow \bar{X} is a covering map of degree larger than 1 then the composition (\bar{X},\bar{x}) \rightarrow (X,x) \rightarrow (Y,y) does not lift to Y' at y'.
The unbased covering map X' \rightarrow X or equivalently the conjugacy class of the subgroup \pi_1(X') \subseteq \pi_1(X) is called the degree of the elevation f'.
Let \Gamma be a finitely generated group. It has a surjection F_s \rightarrow \Gamma for S finite. Elements of the kernel are called relations and the elements of S are called genereators. Suppose the kernel is generated as a normal subgroup by a subgroup K \subseteq F_S. Then we write \Gamma \cong \langle S|R \rangle to mean \Gamma \cong F_S/ \langle \langle R \rangle \rangle. If R is finite, the \Gamma is said to be finitely presentable.
Example: \mathbb{Z} \cong \langle b,c|bcb^{-1}c^{-1},b^2c^{-3} \rangle.
Let's develop a topological point of view.
Let X^{(1)} be the standard rose for F_S. Each relation r \in R corresponds to a (homotopy class of a) map f_r:S^1 \rightarrow X^{(1)}. We construct a 2-complex X gluing on a 2-cell using the map f_r for each relation r \in R.
Lemma 6: \pi_1(X) \cong \Gamma
Proof: This is a simple application of the Seifert-van Kampen Theorem.
We call X a presentation complex for \Gamma, and we deduce that every finitely generated group is \pi_1 of a 2-complex.
Exercise 8: Every finitely presented group is \pi_1 of a closed 4-manifold.
Therefore, \Gamma acts freely and properly discontinuously on some 2-complex \tilde{X}, the universal cover of X.
Definition: Let S be a finite generating set for \Gamma as above. Then Cay_S(\Gamma)=\tilde{X}^{(1)} is the Cayley graph of \Gamma with respect to S.
To see that this only depends on S, let's give the more standard definition. The vertices of Cay_S(\Gamma) are just the elements of \Gamma. For each generator g \in S, two vertices \gamma,\delta are joined by an edge iff \gamma g=\delta
The group \Gamma acts by left translation.
 1. \mathbb{Z}\cong \langle 1\rangle.
 2. \mathbb{Z} \cong \langle 2,3 \rangle.
 3. The tree for F_S.
Definition: The Cayley graph Cay_S(\Gamma) induces a natural length metric on \Gamma, denoted d_S and called the word metric. Note that d_S(1,\gamma)=l_S(\gamma), the word length of \gamma.
The action of \Gamma on Cay_S(\gamma) is by isometries.
Given a metric space (X,d), a geodesic is just an isometric embedding of a compact interval into X.
A metric space is geodesic if any pair of point is joined by a geodesic. Note that Cay_S(\Gamma) is a geodesic metric space.
Definition: Let \lambda,\epsilon \geq 0. A (\lambda,\epsilon)-quasi isometric embedding is a map of metric space f:X \rightarrow Y such that \lambda^{-1}d_X(x_1,x_2)-\epsilon \leq d_Y(f(x_1),f(x_2)) \leq \lambda d_X(x_1,x_2)+\epsilon.
If for some C, we also have that for every y \in Y, there is x \in X such that d_Y(f(x),y) \leq C, then f is a quasi-isometry.
Exercise 9: Quasi-isometry is an equivalent relation (use the Axiom of Choice).
Exercise 10: Let S and S' be two finite generating sets for \Gamma. Then id:(\Gamma,d_S) \rightarrow (\Gamma,d_{S'}) is a (\lambda,0) quasi-isometry.
Example: (\mathbb{Z}^2,l^1) \hookrightarrow (\mathbb{R}^2,l^2) is a quasi-isometry.
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I am working with Pseudomonas fragi and I could not help but notice that it smells sweet, which probably explains its species name 'fragi' from 'fragum', strawberry in Latin.
Does anybody know what causes this bacterium to smell sweet? It must be some volatile compound that they release in the air? Why would they do that? Do other bacteria release odorant molecules? If so, why?


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I am dealing with a project and for now I can get analog signals from my sensors and with PIC's ADC, convert them to digital datas. Besides, via USB I can transfer all the datas to my windows application (user interface) which is made by C#. When I look into my inputbuffer, all the datas there.
 1. My problem is after these steps, how can I draw these datas as a continuous signal? I use ZedGraph and I want to observe my sensor datas as a continuous signal. I know how to draw something using ZedGraph. I even drew my inputbuffer only one time. But still I cannot manage it as a continuous signal.
 2. Which architecture is more suitable for me? Should I use circular buffer?
 3. Can I use PerformanceCounter class as my custom events such as drawing my sensor datas or this class is only useful for system events?
share|improve this question
2 Answers 2
You could create a Performance Counter, that is easy to do.
Drawing the graph yourself is a bit harder:
 1. (I take it you mean by continuous signal a line instead of points) Just draw a line from the previous position to the current position.
 2. A circular buffer might help (although the oldest data should shift back in I think) but you still need to keep track of the previous position so you know how to draw the line. Make sure you shift the buffer in proportion to the time elapsed.
 3. An alternative would be to be to push the data to an Excelsheet and use the charts there.
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I will try it out now. – Ereg May 17 '11 at 19:54
Can't you just assign a timestamp to each data point in your sample? Then you should be able to easily plot the sample using time as X-axis and value as Y-axis with zed-graph, only need to adjust some parameters like line smoothing etc.
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If you hear a flight attendant give a little sigh when you order a Diet Coke, you're about to learn why. According to a flight attendant on the flight blog These Golden Wings, Diet Coke takes the longest amount of time to pour. The author explains that high altitude makes carbonated drinks foam up more, and Diet Coke is the worst. The blog entry reads, "Pouring Diet Coke is one the biggest slow-downs in bar service and on shorter flights those precious seconds count!" A study by Illinois State University confirms that Diet Coke has higher levels of carbon dioxide than regular Coke, making it more fizzy, even on the ground.
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Is there any general idea of what percentage of loan words come from which languages? I always thought the majority of them came from English, but I keep seeing more and more that originated in Germany and Portugal.
share|improve this question
When you say "loan words", I'm assuming words from the west within the last century? Otherwise, if you include Chinese, then the breakdown is going to be more than half Chinese. – Jesse Good Sep 27 '12 at 2:04
I suspect "Welcome to Japanese" has a breakdown of how many words came from what language. But rather than a mere pie chart, I'd love to see how many words came from which languages broken down by when they were imported. – Andrew Grimm Sep 27 '12 at 2:53
_USER_ What I mean is words that are written using katakana, not kanji. Is that what you meant? – LucasTizma Sep 27 '12 at 4:00
You could count this in a number of ways but if the there is no immediately available stat (which I doubt), then possibly the easiest meaningful approach would be to take a JLPT N1 +N2 textbook, find the chapters on loanwords, list them up, allocate language of origin and a percentage there-on to each language: On the assumption that these lists comprise the most commonly used loanwords and in turn, a high %age of the time that a Japanese speaker uses a loan word it is one of this population, you should be able to calculate a conservatively accurate analysis of loanwords by language of origin. – Tim Sep 27 '12 at 4:44
I like this question and would love to have a good answer. If you could incorporate your comment into the body of the question, we might be lucky enough that the question stays open and gets answered. – Earthliŋ Sep 27 '12 at 10:03
2 Answers 2
up vote 9 down vote accepted
This puts English derived words at something like 80% of foreign origin words (this would exclude 漢語{かんご}). It also has some lists of words separated by origin (leaving out English-derived words).
Let's assume for a moment that this list is in some way representative of non-English derived katakana loanwords. A rough calculation suggests that the most common origin is French (~26%), followed by German (~20%), Portuguese (~11%), Dutch (~9%), Latin (~9%), Italian (~8%), and Russian (~7%), Korean (~5%).
This list also marks the period at which words were introduced. What if we only include words marked as Meiji period or earlier? That cuts the list down to less than half size. Unsurprisingly, Portuguese and Dutch feature heavily:
Portuguese (~25%), Dutch (~20%), Korean (~12%), French (~11%), German (~11%), Ainu (~6%), Greek (~5%).
I've included the words listed for Korean and Ainu in the statistics although I would think that this word list isn't at all reflective of the actual relationship between Japanese and these languages. For the European languages, however, Portuguese and Dutch early on and words from French and German becoming more prominent later makes perfect sense from a historical perspective.
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Page 12 of "Welcome to Japanese", by Kenneth Henshall with Junji Kawai, says that 45% of words are native Japanese, 45% are Chinese, 8% are English, and 2% are other. It mentions Portuguese and German as examples of other languages that have contributed words to Japanese.
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protected by snailboat Mar 13 '13 at 17:06
Would you like to answer one of these unanswered questions instead?


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The basic and main purpose of windmills is to get wind energy.
Using the wind to create electricity has been around for a long time. You've probably seen windmills on farms. People who design, build or repair windmills are called millwrights.If you want to become a millwright then get download Magic windmill coloring app, which is totally free. Come along with us and design and build your own magic windmill. Learn how to make a magic windmill and make it colorful and give it attractive shades.- Attractive Windmill images of to keep a child enthusiastic.- 30 images of different kind of Windmill.- Magic windmill allows your child to keep his interest in the study of environmental science.- Change colors with a finger touch.- Ability to save completed pictures.Don't underestimate child's coloring. It may look like leisure time, but when children are coloring, they're actually developing crucial life skills — and preparing their brains for the challenges of adulthood. This app is will clear the concept of windmill of your child. Children absolutely love science. The benefits of science for kids are tremendous. When children are engaged in Magic windmill coloring they are no longer disruptive because they are too busy in creating.


Each 3DMark benchmark is rendered at a fixed resolution regardless of hardware. This is the rendering resolution. The rendered frames are then scaled to fit your system's Windows desktop resolution. This scaling has a negligible effect on the benchmark in most cases, and scores are comparable regardless of the desktop resolution you use.
Benchmark rendering resolution and Windows desktop display resolution are independent. You don't need to have a 4K monitor to run a 4K benchmark like Time Spy Extreme or Fire Strike Ultra. The benchmark will render at 4K then scale the frames to your PC's desktop display resolution.
Impact on CPU-limited systems
When a benchmark is limited by the CPU, or when the frame rate is very high, image scaling may have a small impact on the benchmark score. Both scenarios can be avoided, however, by choosing the right benchmark for your system.
Impact of 4K and other ultra-high resolutions
If you have a 4K desktop resolution but your GPU is not very powerful, the image scaling may require a considerable amount of GPU resources and video memory. Running with integrated graphics or a low-end discrete GPU at 4K desktop resolution or higher is not recommended. Your score may be degraded by the performance penalty of image scaling.
As a workaround, you can override the output resolution with the Scaled Resolution setting on the Options screen. For most benchmarks, choosing 1920 × 1080 (1080p) for the output resolution will be fine.
Scaling options
The Scaling Mode setting on the Options screen lets you choose between Centered and Stretched Scaling.
Centered scaling preserves the original aspect ratio. It adds a letterbox effect if your desktop resolution does not have a 16:9 aspect ratio.
Stretched scaling will stretch the image to fill the display without preserving the original aspect ratio. You could use stretched scaling to fill a triple-monitor setup, for example. Stretched scaling does not change the workload. The benchmark still renders to the internal rendering resolution, it is just scaled differently to your display.
How to change a benchmark's rendering resolution
In 3DMark Advanced Edition and 3DMark Professional Edition, you can use custom benchmark settings to change the internal rendering resolution. Please remember that custom runs do not produce an overall score and the sub-scores cannot be compared with scores obtained with default settings.
How to change a benchmark's scaled resolution
You can use the Scaled Resolution setting on the Options screen to set the scaling resolution to something other than your current desktop display resolution. This option does not affect your score.
Optimal settings for overclockers
If you're aiming for the highest possible score in a benchmark—for an overclocking contest, for example—matching your desktop resolution to the benchmark's internal rendering resolution may provide a very slight performance gain.


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Full disclosure: This post contains affiliate links.?
Benny and Elizabeth chat with Mark Pentleton about how he started the Coffee Break language podcasts and how his role shifted from language teacher to language learner.
Mentioned in this Episode
Some of the topics brought up during the interview are:
- Starting and developing Coffee Break language podcasts
- Moving from teacher to learner on the podcast
- Helping his children learn languages at home
- How students can overcome the intermediate plateau
- Having patience and avoiding comparison with others
- The opportunities that come from speaking languages
- How to view mistakes and be resilient
- How Mark found and built the Coffee Break team
Podcast theme: "A New Beginning" by Shannon Kennedy


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Examples of a food that starts with the letter "L" include lasagna, lamington, lamb, lettuce, lemon meringue pie, lentils, lollipop and lobster. Two well-known beverages that begin with the letter "L" are lemonade and limeade.Continue Reading
A lamington is a type of cake that is commonly found in Australia. It is made by cutting a cake into cubes. The cubes are dipped into chocolate and then dipped into shredded coconut.
Lasagna is an Italian dish made with sheets of pasta layered with ingredients such as meat and cheese. Different regions of Italy have their own style of lasagna. For example, in Liguria, it is commonly made with pesto sauce. Salted ricotta is a common ingredient in the region of Calabria. In Tuscany, lasagna is made with sugo alla bolognese and bechamel sauce, while Neapolitans make a Carnival-style lasagna with ingredients such as ricotta.Learn more about Food Facts


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Jul 03 2012
If you are struggling to choose which female honorific is the most appropriate to address the modern woman, be sure that you are not the only one. It is not an easy question.
Below we have detailed an explanation of Mrs., Ms., and Miss that should help you to address ladies correctly.
The three nouns Mrs., Ms., and Miss appeared in the 17th century and come from the female English title Mistress which was used to refer to all women. The full stop of the abbreviations is generally used in the USA and Canada whereas in the UK the abbreviations are commonly written without any full stop.
Ms. is slightly old fashioned compared to the two other titles but has been revived in the 20th century. This English honorific is mostly used in business and public life to address a lady. This is generally used when her marital status is unknown. It is neutral regarding marital status. The plural for Ms. can be Mss. or either Mses.. You may also use the French plural "Mesdames" abbreviated Mmes.
Miss is used to refer to an unmarried woman, or girls under eighteen in some countries. Miss alone is frequently used by schoolchildren to address a female teacher no matter what her marital status is. The plural for Miss is Misses or you may use the traditional French "Mesdemoiselles".
Finally, Mrs. is strictly used to refer to a married woman. For the plural you can use the French plural "Mesdames" abbreviated Mmes like for Ms.
Some women may have a preference for Ms., Miss, or Mrs. and if a woman has a professional title, it is more appropriate to use that title such as Doctor, Professor, or Captain instead of Ms., Miss, or Mrs.
So what is your favorite Mrs., Ms., and Miss?
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A Low Power CMOS CORDIC Processor Design for Wireless Telecommunication
Source: Northeastern University
A CORDIC processor for wire telecommunication is integrated in a 0.5ìm CMOS technology. The CORDIC (Coordinate Rotation DIgital Computer) processor reduces the circuit complexity by performing a sequence of elementary rotations using shift and add operations without multiplications. Hard wired-logic eliminates the shifter and includes pre-calculated arctan angle values. The average power consumption is 76mW with 50MHz clock and 5V power supply. The fabricated modulator consumes 24mW at 61.44MHz sampling rate and 5V power supply.


text:
May 4, 2005Scientists say that they've proved that the tall
erect spike grown by the South African plant Babiana ringens
has a single purpose: It is a perch for birds, making it easier for
them to drink nectar from the plant's peculiar ground-level flowers.
The perch allows the malachite sunbird, the plant's main pollinator, to insert its curved beak into the flowers from above. When a bird assumes the upside-down position, its breast is brushed with pollen. The bird then spreads the pollen to other B. ringens (commonly known as rat's tails), thereby cross-pollinating the plant species.
Reporting in tomorrow's issue of the science journal Nature, researchers said that when they removed the perch, it decreased the mating success of the plant because significantly fewer sunbirds came to drink nectar. Male sunbirds were particularly less inclined to visit a plant that did not have a perch, possibly because they have much longer tail feathers, which could interfere with ground landings and takeoffs.
The research was done by Spencer C. H. Barrett of the University of Toronto, Canada, and Bruce Anderson of the University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, South Africa.
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National AIA Convention 2023 Immerses and Inspires Overlands' Young Professionals with Experiences and Resources to Design a Better World!
Last week, Overland Partners' own Allison Lerma, AIA, NCARB, Senior Architect and Sabrina Ortiz, Designer II, set their projects aside to participate in A'23, the AIA National Convention held in San Francisco. Centered around the theme "America By Design®," this year's convention brought together over 13,000 professionals from across the United States and around the world at the Moscone Center, the nation's First LEED Platinum Convention Center. The conference featured a wide range of engaging events, including daily keynotes, roundtable discussions, an expansive expo hall, as well as studio and project field tours. Reflecting on their experience, Allison and Sabrina have shared their key insights and takeaways from this exciting conference.
- The national convention for architects exceeded Allison's and Sabrina's expectations with its impressive scale, meaningful discussions, renowned speakers, diverse exhibits, and amazing studio and project tours. Highlights included enriching interactive opportunities with fellow architects, thought-provoking roundtable discussions on equity, diversity, and inclusion, tours of architectural studios and innovative projects that address climate change and the housing crisis.
- This year, the keynote speaker at the convention included a captivating presentation by Jacinda Ardern, the former Prime Minister of New Zealand, who began her tenure at the age of 37. She faced numerous formidable challenges during her time in office, including a live-streamed domestic terror attack on the Muslim community, a volcanic eruption, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Ms. Ardern's leadership, rooted in her values of people-centricity, kindness, and what she refers to as "pragmatic idealism," led New Zealand to achieve one of the lowest COVID-19 mortality rates among developed nations, saving countless lives. Her inspiring story highlighted the importance of embracing vulnerability while maintaining resilience and strength. These powerful messages were also echoed by AIA National, as the organization made history with women holding leadership positions in the organization for the first time ever.
- The Women's Leadership Luncheon emerged as an incredibly inspiring event during the convention with invaluable advice shared by women leaders. One key piece of wisdom emphasized the importance of building a network of champions, a notion that highlights the significance of cultivating relationships with individuals who believe in and support one's aspirations. Additionally, the luncheon underscored the significance of finding one's tribe, a supportive community that fosters personal and professional growth. Moreover, the role of a good leader was highlighted as being committed to securing the future, demonstrating the essential responsibility to mentor and empower the next generation. These messages left a lasting impression, encouraging Allison and Sabrina to approach their work with enthusiasm, collaboration, and a sense of purpose.
- An overarching message of this year's convention was the imperative of Equity + Justice. Attendees were deeply engaged in discussions and presentations that focused on the critical need to foster inclusivity, equality, and social justice within the field. The convention provided a platform to address systemic barriers, promote diversity in all its forms, and amplify the voices of underrepresented groups. They learned that a mere two percent of architects in the U.S. are Black (NCARB 2023.) This means that out of approximately 121,603 licensed architects practicing in the country, only 2,492 identify as Black. This concerning statistic highlights the need for greater diversity and inclusivity within the field of architecture.
- The convention brought attention to critical challenges, particularly the urgent housing crisis, which disproportionately affects individuals experiencing homelessness and is a pervasive issue across metropolitan areas in the U.S. During their visit, they had the opportunity to explore 1064 Mission Street, the city's largest supportive housing development. This pioneering project utilized a combination of site-built and factory-built modular housing, with the goal of setting a national example. It integrates numerous elements designed to support San Francisco's most vulnerable and chronically homeless community members in attaining housing stability, improving their health outcomes, and fostering greater independence in their lives.
- Climate change and sustainability took center stage during the convention, with a strong emphasis on these critical aspects of design. A noteworthy topic was the involvement in policy-making that directly impacts the climate, presenting attendees with a fresh and proactive approach to tackling this global issue. The convention served as a platform for exchanging ideas and fostering a collective commitment to creating a more sustainable and resilient future.
- The list of experiences was further enhanced by field tours of various studios and projects. Internationally acclaimed studios such as SOM, Foster+Partners, and the Autodesk Technology Center showcased the next frontier of architectural design, leaving a lasting impression on attendees. They also were able to learn more about Enscape's new energy modeling program.
- In addition, Allison and Sabrina had the privilege of visiting the newly completed Caymus-Suisun Winery. The tour offered a unique insight into the design strategies employed to create a warm and inviting hospitality environment while simultaneously addressing the distinct climatic challenges presented by the beautiful Suisun Valley. The focus was on crafting a winery that not only provides a delightful experience for visitors but also becomes a vibrant community destination in harmony with its surroundings.
- Lastly, the convention explored strategies to address significant issues that have a profound impact on both society and the profession. One crucial approach is to focus on exposure and education about architecture to underrepresented groups at an early age, starting in elementary school and providing ongoing support and mentorship through college and into the workforce, particularly for marginalized communities. Advocacy and policy work play a vital role in addressing challenges such as climate change as well as diversity and inclusion, and it is the responsibility of all professionals to actively engage in these efforts. By promoting education, diversity, and policy involvement, architects can contribute to positive change and make a lasting impact on both the industry and society as a whole.
"It was my second time going, but the last time I went, I was still a student. Experiencing it as a professional added a whole new level of perspective that I really enjoyed! "
Sabrina Ortiz Luna
"It was my first time going and I found it very rewarding on multiple levels."
Learn more about the National American Institute of Architects!
Get to know Overland Partners!
Check out more from the AIA '23 Conference!


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"Accept" is a verb, an action, a receiving.
- as a preposition leaves someone or something out. Put a big "X" over what follows.
- can also be a verb, but not commonly
- sometimes functions as a conjunction between two main clauses
- not a FANBOYS, so no comma before it when combining clauses
- Everyone except (X) the teacher accepted the mouse in her drawer as funny.
- ("except" = preposition, not including; "accepted" = verb, considered)
- The club will accept all new students except (X) for Martians.
- ("accept" = verb, allowed to enter; "except" = preposition, not including)


How can I make a consecutive numbering with my e-mark?
Creating a consecutive numbering imprint in the app
To create a numbering imprint, go to "New imprint" and "start without template". In the editor you can add a numbering element to your imprint. Alternatively, you can choose one of the pre-installed numbering templates and click on the numbering element.
You can choose the following numbering settings:
 - Starting point/First number
 - Steps to count upwards
 - Digits of your number (00123 would be 5 digits)
 - End point of your numbering
 - Change after 'x' imprints (an imprint/number can be printed several times before it counts upwards)
 - Define a prefix or suffix to your number
Printing consecutive numbering imprints:
Since one of the latest updates, imprints with numbering function are automatically counted up from the e-mark. For this purpose, a numbering has to be added in the editor or a template has to be selected from the numbering category. Then send it once to the e-mark, the rest will be done by the e-mark itself. The e-mark continues to count even if the app is closed or the e-mark is switched off between two prints.
Please note that prints with numbering function cannot be stored on the e-mark at the blue, pink and orange positions or added to the print queue.
Furthermore, please note that by removing the battery or having had a battery level of 0 %, the e-mark resets numbering and will not print the right information any more.
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1. Forum
 2. >
 3. Topic: Duolingo
 4. >
 5. Is French the longest tree?
Is French the longest tree?
It seems like French is the longest tree. All of my other ones are shorter.
May 17, 2017
I think Norwegian is the longest, followed by German.
I think the Italian tree is actually longer if we're talking about the number of lessons. I started both tress at about the same time and I've only done one brand new lesson per day in each language. At that pace it has taken about a year to get through the courses. I already finished the French tree about a month ago. I only have two lessons left in my Italian tree and will be done by tomorrow.
So, I think the Italian tree is longer than the French tree right now. I don't know if any other language trees are longer.
I'm guessing you're talking about the number of skills taught rather than words or lessons?
French: 78
Spanish: 61
Danish: 70
English: (Unsure) - What language are you learning from by the way?
Esperanto: 44
Swedish: 66
Irish: 64
So you were right. Out of the ones you're doing French is the longest. And while Esperanto was the shortest tree created so far, that record has now been broken by Japanese with 40 skills.
Found it out using this: _URL_
Hope that was useful.
I'm learning English from French.
The Ukrainian tree is fairly short, but I believe Esperanto is the shortest.
Esperanto (tomorrow Japanese) has the least skills but Turkish (tomorrow Japanese) has the least lessons.
Is there a discussion with the number of skills and lessons each course has (including ones for non-english speakers possibly)?
Thanks! Do you know any that show the number of words taught by each course?
German is the longest in lessons, but in words, Norwegian is the longest. (I think)


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Recently while I was playing a CD, my system cut out and the word PROTECT was displayed on the digtal panel, the CD won't play and there is no sound coming out from the speakers. However, the tape deck plays but again there is no sound. I have tried most things suggested, but everytime I turn the system on the word PROTECT appears and won't allow any of the functions on the system to work. Can this be fixed?
The word PROTECT appears because there is a short. It can be in your speakers, try running it without the speakers plugged, or look if the wires arent shorting. If it stil ldoes that, its cause there is a short in it, from the output section. The system does that to prevent from damaging the electronic components inside.
- If you need clarification, ask it in the comment box above.
- Better answers use proper spelling and grammar.
- Provide details, support with references or personal experience.
Tell us some more! Your answer needs to include more details to help people.You can't post answers that contain an email address.Please enter a valid email address.The email address entered is already associated to an account.Login to postPlease use English characters only.
Tip: The max point reward for answering a question is 15.
If protect is coming up on the display, it means the system is detecting a short somewhere on one of the speakers and so is turning the amp off to avoid damage. Check all the connections at the back of the amp to ensure they are not shorting, and at the back of each speaker, if nothing is found there, check each wire for damage (like squashed or rodent damage).
Kenwood head units show "protect" when there's a problem with the speaker outputs. This might mean a shorted speaker wire, a blown speaker, or an internal defect in the head unit. Once the condition that's causing the "protect" mode is fixed, the CD player should be back in normal mode the next time you turn it on.
If it's staying in "protect", then you'll definitely have to remove the stereo and do some troubleshooting to fix it. Many car audio stores will do system troubleshooting, for a fee. If you want to do it yourself, here's what you need to do:
Pull the Kenwood unit from the dash and disconnect all the speaker wires. Turn it on and see if the "protect" message displays. If it does, the stereo has an internal defect and will need to be serviced. If it doesn't, then turn it off, and re-connect one speaker. Turn it on again and see if it displays "protect".
If it works with a single speaker connected, keep re-connecting the others until you identify the speaker that's causing the problem. There may be a wiring problem or defective speaker in that location.
If it displays "protect" with a single speaker connected, then disconnect that one and try a different one. If all the speakers cause a "protect" mode, then you're probably back to a defective head unit, unless your friend managed to blow all your speakers at once.
Stereo sytems have a protection circuit that alerts you by displaying "protect" when there is a electrical short circuit detected in the system, the most common short happens in a speaker, try disconnectig the speaker wires of both speakers(all speakers) at the back of the system, then play the CD or cassette player(although you will not hear anything with the speakers disconnected) and see if the unit goes into "protect" mode if the problem is still present then you have an internal short circuit and the system will need to be sent in for service or replaced(depending on age,repair costs). I would not recommend investing more than $80 into repairs. Now, if the unit does not go into "protect mode" then one of the speakers or speaker wires is shorted,be sure you check the conndition of the speaker wires before you replace the speakers, then you can replace the speakers(in a pair) and you should be back up and listening! Good luck and Merry Christmas!
The protect light comes on when the amp cuts off the speakers to protect them from damage if something's wrong in the amp, or to protect the amp from speaker or wiring problems. If the amp plays for a while before cutting off, it's probably a thermal problem in the output stages. One of the output devices may be acting up as it heats up, or it could be bad connections that open up because of the heat. The trouble might also be caused by components in the power supply as well. Without having the unit on the service bench to check it, it's not possible to suggest specific things to look at. The manual wouldn't help you other than to say check your speaker connections and then have it serviced. The best thing to do if you want to keep this is to find a servicer in your area and get an estimate for the repair. Or if you or a friend is technically inclined, look into purchasing a service manual and see if you can do-it-yourself.


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Fair Play for Children Freedom of Information Survey on Playground Provision in England 2011
Fair Play for children undertook a survey of 326 English local authorities in the early part of 2011.
The Councils selected were Principal Authorities delivering discretionary leisure services, including play provision. In the main, this would include the London Boroughs, Unitary Authorities and District/Borough Councils where there are also County Councils.
School playgrounds were excluded.
The questions asked sought to establish:
There was a question about types of play area, many councils use a definition formulated by Fields in Trust, some do not, and this is recorded.
Also, estimate of acreage of play area space. This proved a challenge as some authorities either do not have a record, or their play areas in some cases are within parks and without fencing. In some cases, a figure of 400 sq metres was used in the calculation process.
Because Parish Councils also provide play areas, Councils were asked if they knew of any run by PCs, or other bodies, in their areas. Arising from this Fair Play has been in contact with the National Association of Parish Councils with a view to a non-FoI Survey (the FoI does not apply to Parish Councils) and this will be going ahead in co-operation with the NALC during the year.
Of the 326 Principal Councils surveyed, 300 responded, three mailings were necessary. Another 13 are pending with their responses and the remaining 13 have not responded at all and FP is considering complaints via the ICO.
So far as Fair Play for Children is aware, this is the first such national survey of play areas in England
A media story with comments can be viewed HERE
Furthermore, Fair Play has been able to calculate that, for the 11.2 million children aged under 16 years in England, this Principal Council provision provides 1 acre of such playsapce for every 752 children (or 692 per play area).
To provide playgrounds for 1 acre for every 100 children:
it is suggested you may wish to ensure you have checked appropriately about copyright of the information below with the Freedom of Information Officer of the relevent Council(s) before non-private use.
Enquiries: 0843-_PHONE_ Office hours 10am-4pm Tue-Fri


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Weather in Limassol
Weather Forecast Limassol
Limassol is situated on the southern coast of Cyprus and has a typical Mediterranean climate having hot summers and soft winters. It is located between the ancient cities of Amathus and Kourion. Shipping and International transportation were always of vital importance to the island of Cyprus, and shipping remains still one of the major activities of the busy Business community of Limassol. Its population is approximately 180,000 and Limassol is the second largest city on the island, but yet the largest geographically.
Limassol is also the perfect spot for vacation due to its amazing beaches, exciting archaeological sites and beautiful mountain villages in the Troodos mountain range which is lying to the north of the city. With that being said, the island has a key role in strengthening the economy of Cyprus, especially during the summer season when tourists combine a morning by the beach and an evening enjoying the beautiful sky up on the mountains. Tourists also love Limassol due to its many traditional festivals and celebrations like the infamous wine festival. Moreover, the renowned nightlife of the town with thousands of discos, clubs and bars right on the beach, gives holiday makers a unique feeling of freedom.
Summer is the most popular season for tourists who visit Limassol since they are able to enjoy a lot of water sports and sunbathing when the weather is too hot for other activities such as sightseeing and walking around the city. In May and October, temperature is averaging around 23°C while during June, July, August and September the temperature can reach up to 34°C, especially in August. During the evenings, however, it is much cooler due to late afternoon mild winds coming from the Mediterranean Sea. As it was said before, during August, the temperatures can rise up to 34°C so you are advised to take the necessary precautions to avoid sunburns. Humidity is also very high in Limassol during the summer months, which can be a little uncomfortable, so you are advised to be dressed lightly and drink a lot of water and other liquids. Leave Beer and alcohol for your evening outings to the many traditional restaurants and busy nightspots
The winter in Cyprus is very mild compare to northern European countries. December and January have approximately 8 days of rain each which makes them the rainiest winter months. The two coldest months however, are January and February during which the temperature hardly ever reaches above 18°C during the day and 9°C during night time. The winter season begins in early December and lasts until about the end of February. Even during winter times, there are also approximately 5 or 6 hours per day when the sun is out there are also days when winds are so strong that can lead to storms. During December, the average minimum temperature is 6°C, 7°C during January and 8°C during February. During the day, the temperatures vary depending on the wind and on whether or not there is sun but it can rise up to 20°C.
The shortest seasons in Cyprus are spring and autumn. During these seasons there are a lot of changes in the temperature and the weather varies. In spring and autumn tourists visit Cyprus to explore the island since the weather is more applicable for this kind of activity. In March, the temperature has an average high of 17°C and in November the temperature is one of 21°C. As for the sea, the water temperature is approximately 17°C during the spring yet the mountains flourish. Even though there are some rainy days, most of the days during both months are sunny, with spring more chilly than autumn. Autumn lasts from October until November and during that period of time the temperatures can be as low as 12°C (54°F) and can reach up to 29°C (84°F). During autumn, the weather changes yearly like for instance during October of 2009 there were vicious thunderstorms and during October of 2007, the weather was very dry.


Stress in a name
Stress in a word is often on the last syllable (stress shown in bold below).
ka = door
araba = car
pazar = market, bazaar
Pazar = Sunday (= market day)
With composite words, one of the sub-words takes the stress:
Pazartesi = Monday (literally: Pazar + ertesi = the day after Sunday)
As suffixes get appended, the stress still remains on the last syllable, unless the suffix is an unstressed suffix:
zel = beatiful
güzellik = beauty
güzelliğin = your beauty
güzelliğinden = from your beauty
In proper names such as city and country names, the second last syllable mostly takes the stress:
 - Istanbul
 - İzmir
 - Edirne
 - Nikaragua
 - İngiltere
 - Yugoslavya
 - Ankara
İstanbul from space:
- left: Europe, right: Asia
- north: Black Sea, south: Marmara Sea
- in between: the Bosphorus
The old İstanbul is a little below the center of the photo.


Optura Xi
miniDV Camcorders
Digital Camcorder
Item Code: 9000A001
Video and Audio Inputs and Outputs
In addition to providing digital video input and output, the Optura Xi features analog video and audio inputs and outputs: Composite and S-video.
Video Inputs and Outputs
By using audio/video cables (composite) or S-Video, it's possible to send an analog video signal from your TV, VCR or a camcorder into the Optura Xi and record it onto DV. Similarly, you can output an analog signal via composite or S-Video cables to an analog device such as a TV or VCR.
Audio Inputs
The analog audio inputs of the Optura Xi let you perform dubbing or insert editing from conventional audio sources such as CDs, cassettes, microphones or the soundtracks of other videocassettes.
Mic Input
In addition to using the built-in microphone on the Optura Xi, you have the option of plugging in an external microphone.
Audio Dub
AV Insert
The Optura Xi offers the option of adding new video from a VCR or another camcorder to a tape recorded in SP mode. The input can be digital or analog.
Audio Outputs
Audio Out
Headphone Terminal
The Optura Xi features a 3.5 mm headphone terminal, perfect for monitoring audio while recording or personal playback. The level is adjustable.


text:
Update: Using LEDs for Instrument Cluster Warning Lights 941046
Traditionally, automotive instrument clusters have been illuminated using incandescent bulbs. Failures of these bulbs are a source of warranty and repair costs. LED lamps can reduce these costs. In addition, LED lamps have a number of other benefits for instrument cluster designs.
This paper describes the design of a hybrid instrument cluster using LED lamps for telltale warning lights and bulbs for gauge lighting. This approach provides a very cost effective design since most telltale warning lights can be illuminated with a single LED. This approach eliminates three quarters of the bulbs in a typical design.
Previous SAE papers, 870211 and 900474, have also discussed the use of LED lamps for telltale lighting. These papers used very specialized lamps. This paper discusses several industry standard LED lamp packages in both through-hole and SMT package configurations. Lighting measurements have been done at instrument cluster depths of 10 to 41 mm, to cover most applications.


text:
The profuse white flowers of the tree is also used in curries. They taste like mushrooms. The tiny leaves of the drumstick tree is also a valuable vegetable. It can be eaten with a salad, or cooked with garlic and chillies to make a tasty dish.
The roots of the tree are used as a medicine for snake bite. The flowers, leaves and the seedpods all contain high amounts of calcium, iron vitamin C and beta carotene. The soup made from the drumstick leaves make you feel energetic.


text:
Skip to Main Content
This paper presents a comprehensive time-domain model of the coupling capacitor voltage transformer (CCVT) to investigate the effect of CCVT subsidence transients on the distance relay. The studies show that voltage-zero subsidence transients can adversely impact the performance of the distance relay and result in the overreach problem. This paper also introduces a new approach to mitigate the effect of CCVT voltage-zero subsidence transients on the distance relay. The method is based on improving the degree of accuracy of the voltage phasor estimation during the CCVT subsidence transients. The proposed method is not affected by harmonics and high-frequency transient distortions of the voltage, and prevents the relay overreach problem even under high source impedance ratio (SIR). Moreover, the proposed method noticeably decreases the close-in fault clearance time under low SIR conditions, based on a fast current phasor estimation approach. The reported studies are conducted in the PSCAD/EMTDC software environment.
Date of Publication: April 2012


text:
Italian pistacchio, from Latin pistacium pistachio nut, from Greek pistakion, from pistakē pistachio tree, of Iranian origin; akin to Persian pistah pistachio tree
First Known Use: 1598
Any of nine species of aromatic trees and shrubs, some ornamental, that make up the genus Pistacia of the sumac (or cashew) family, native to Eurasia, with one species in southwestern North America and another in the Canary Islands. Commercial pistachio nuts are seeds from the fruit of P. vera. They have a pleasing, mild, resinous flavour and are used extensively as food and for yellowish green colouring in confections. The tree bears leaves with thick, wide, leathery, featherlike leaflets and small fruit in clusters.


Quick Answer: Does alcohol affect gym gains?
How does alcohol effect muscle building? Research shows that an acute bout of moderate alcohol intake does not accelerate exercise induced muscle damage and also doesn't affect muscle strength.
Why is alcohol bad for building muscle?
Alcohol contributes to protein breakdown more than your nutrition does to protein synthesis. When the body degrades muscle protein, it breaks down more muscle than it builds. In other words, never building muscle. Many try combining protein sources with alcohol to outweigh the negative effects.
Does alcohol kill gym gains?
Not only does alcohol have zero nutritional value, some studies say it may even disrupt muscle protein synthesis, and muscle growth. (Google it if you have a day or two to kill.) … This can hinder protein synthesis.
Is drinking alcohol bad for gym?
Alcohol is detrimental to sports performance because of how it affects the body physically during exercise and its adverse effects on the brain's functions – including judgment – that will impair sports performance.
Can bodybuilders drink alcohol?
The bad: Drinking in excess can lead to severe health problems such as liver damage, obesity, and cancer. When it comes to drinking while bodybuilding, if you end up binging, you could be sabotaging your sleep, nutrition, and good intentions to work out the next day.
IT IS INTERESTING: What is the best exercise for toning stomach?
Does alcohol hurt muscle growth?
Will one beer ruin my gains?
There are no studies specifically investigating the impact of a single beer post-workout. But those who love a good post-gym drink will be happy to know evidence suggests drinking about two of your favorite brews won't undo your hard work at the gym.
Does drinking beer ruin your workout?
If your goal is increasing performance and strength, it's best to limit your alcohol intake after working out, even if you don't eliminate it entirely. Alcohol can slow your protein synthesis, the process in your body that aids muscle growth, and can increase dehydration.
Does alcohol stop muscle repair?
Does alcohol affect your game? Barnes' research on male and female athletes has found that alcohol can also increase the loss of force associated with exercise-induced muscle damage. This can affect the rate of recovery.
Can I workout drunk?
Alcohol is a depressant, meaning it slows you down. Your reaction time, strength, endurance, and aerobic capacity will all likely suffer, so your workout won't just be potentially dangerous — it's bound to be less than optimal. The full effects of alcohol aren't immediate.
Does drinking alcohol reduce stamina?
Alcohol depletes your body's zinc resources, which can result in a reduction in endurance.
Can you drink alcohol and be fit?
Moderate beer consumption is actually healthy, so I set out to define "moderate" as well as educate on the basics of caloric intake and caloric expenditure. The radioman was not suffering from a beer belly but an INACTIVITY BELLY! Yes, you can still drink beer and be very fit.
IT IS INTERESTING: How many pull ups does a Navy SEAL have to do?
Does alcohol reduce stamina?
Alcohol slows reaction time and impairs precision, equilibrium, hand-eye coordination, accuracy, balance, judgment, information processing, focus, stamina, strength, power and speed for up to 72 hours (three days). slows recovery. Alcohol can interfere with recovery by delaying muscle repair.
Is 3 beers a day too much?
Can one night of drinking ruin my diet?
The truth is that, even if you eat super healthy most of the time, too much alcohol can hinder your weight loss and can even lead to weight gain.
Is beer good for muscle growth?
Alcohol and Testosterone
An increase in circulating testosterone, of about 17%, has been seen in both young men who drank a little (about 2 beers for a 150-pound person). However, such a small boost—more variation is seen from day to day or even within the same day—is unlikely to help boost your muscle growth.
Be first


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South African Journal of Occupational Therapy
versión On-line ISSN 2310-3833
versión impresa ISSN 0038-2337
INTRODUCTION: While undergraduate training in South Africa places an emphasis on ensuring the competence of occupational therapy graduates, very little attention has been paid to exploring their professional confidence, despite the fact that this has been highlighted as an issue for students. The foundation for professional confidence is laid during student years, and is influenced by a number of determinants, which this study aimed to identify. METHODS AND MATERIAL: Qualitative methodology was used with a purposive sample of nineteen final year occupational therapy students. Students were invited to participate voluntarily in focus group interviews and/or submit their reflective journal. Five lecturers and six clinical supervisors at the University concerned also participated in focus group interviews. Deductive thematic analysis of the data was undertaken. RESULTS: Two broad themes emerged. The first theme, external determinants, included clinical experience, relationships with peers, staff and patients, and the changing environment in which they worked. The second theme, internal determinants, included certain identified personal characteristics and influencers. The external and internal sources of professional confidence beliefs were either within the control of the student, or the lecturer/clinical supervisor or the profession. DISCUSSION: A number of recommendations ranging from re-thinking clinical practicals and supervision are made. These findings have implications for student selection, teaching methodology and experiences, and the professional identity of the profession. Greater formal emphasis needs to be placed on confidence building during the undergraduate experience.
Palabras clave : Professional confidence; occupational therapy students; occupational therapy education; clinical practical; reflective journaling; supervision.


How to calculate the weighted average in Excel
Posted on: 03/13/2017
How to calculate the weighted average in Excel
Need to calculate the weighted average for work or school? There are two ways to do it but the easiest is to use the sumproduct function in Excel. It is easy to calculate the average. Just use the average function in MS Excel which will show you the calculated "central" value of a set of numbers.
What do you do when some values have more weight than others? An example would be if we shipped 140 units of Product A that cost $5 each, and 10 units of product B that cost $125 each. The average cost is $130 / 2 = $65, but the weighted average cost is $13. Who uses the weighted average? A lot of teachers and professors use a weighted average for their classes. Some assignments are not weighed as much as a test, and some tests aren't weighted as much as the final exam.
Weighted average
Sumproduct Function
With the sumproduct function, you are multiplying all the grades times their respective weight and totaling them, then dividing by the total weight to get the weighted average. So the image on the left would be =B4*C4, B5*C5, B6*C6, etc…Total those numbers and divide by the total of the weight.
The Microsoft Excel SUMPRODUCT function multiplies the corresponding items in the arrays and returns the sum of the results.The SUMPRODUCT function is a built-in function in Excel that is categorized as a Math/Trig Function. It can be used as a worksheet function (WS) in Excel. As a worksheet function, the SUMPRODUCT function can be entered as part of a formula in a cell of a worksheet.
Video for weighted average
Excel file for weighted average
Feel free to download the weighted average Excel file chris_menard_weighted_average
Microsoft Office Sumproduct webpage
Chris Menard


How to Remove a Moen Dialcet
Cameron Easey
A Moen dialcet or cartridge is used with a single handle faucet that you turn to provide a mixture of hot and cold water when taking a shower. When only the hot and cold water is working, the dialcet or cartridge may need to be examined. This can be done by first removing the dialcet or cartridge from the faucet that is installed in the shower.
A dialcet is a single handle shower faucet cartridge.
 1. Turn off the shut-off valves for the shower. If the shower does not have shut-off valves you will need to turn off the main water supply valve for your house. Turn the shut-off valve counterclockwise or to the left to shut off the valve.
 2. Find and remove the screw that is used to secure the handle to the faucet with the screwdriver. Pull out the retainer clip that is located behind the handle with the pliers.
 3. Remove the cartridge that is inserted in the valve body with the pliers. Grab onto the cartridge with the pliers and then pull it out.
 4. Shake the cartridge up and down. It should sound like a ball being shaken in a paint can. If there is no sound, the cartridge will need to be cleaned.
 5. Reinstall the dialcet once it has been cleaned or replace it with a new one.


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Showing 1 entry
Keywords: ibm data explorer, parallel performance visualization, scientific visualization, visualization prototyping
Performance visualization is the use of graphical display techniques for the visual analysis of performance data to improve the understanding of complex performance phenomena. While the graphics of current performance visualizations are predominantly confined to two-dimensions, one of the primary goals of our work is the development of new methods for rapidly prototyping next-generation, multi-dimensional performance visualizations. By applying the tools of scientific visualization to performance visualization, we have found that next-generation displays for performance visualization can be prototyped, if not implemented, in existing data visualization software products like Data Explorer, using graphical techniques that physicists, oceanographers, and meteorologists have used for several years now.
Modified: Thu Dec 12 15:58:22 US/Pacific 1996
Created: Thu Dec 12 12:34:50 US/Pacific 1996
Return to the ParaDucks Research Group Publications page.


A Guide to Pigs Ears for Dogs (by Jo the Vet)
pigs ears for dogs
Written by Jo Hardy
A common treat found in most pet stores, pigs ears for dogs are inexpensive and irresistible to our canine companions. But how are they produced? Are they really a healthy option when it comes to dog treats? And if so, why? This article takes a deep dive into the subject, answering all these questions and more!
How are Pigs Ears Processed?
Pig ears are a natural dog treat, humanely harvested as a by-product from the farming industry. This ensures less of the pig goes to waste.
The part of the ear which is used is the pinna; the flap of the ear. The pinna is mainly comprised of cartilage and skin, with very little muscle. Therefore it is not like normal meat. Cartilage is a firm, yet flexible, connective tissue which is found in the ears, nose, at the end of ribs, and inside joints.
Once an ear has been harvested, it goes through a process of blanching in boiling water for 30 seconds, followed by rapid cooling in ice water. This removes all the remaining hair. After drying, it is then dehydrated either on a dehydration rack, in an oven at a low temperature, or in a smoker for extra flavour. This process can take between four and 24 hours, depending on which method is used.
Once fully dehydrated, they will be a treat that your dog won't be able to resist.
Always read the label!
Not every product sold as a "pig ear" is as natural as you might think. Some products might actually be rawhide shaped to look like a pig's ear. Others might have additives like liquid smoke or unnecessary preservatives. And they might be sourced from places with poor animal welfare. Always read the label before buying
Are Pigs Ears Good For Dogs?
Pig ears are highly nutritious, but they should always be given as a treat rather than as part of a routine diet. This is for two reasons; firstly, they are not balanced in minerals and vitamins like a diet should be. And secondly, they are high in fat. Therefore, if given excessively, they may contribute to obesity. However, some fat is a good thing, as dogs need up to 20% of their diet to be made up of fats.
In addition to fat, the other nutrient that is found in pig ears is protein (almost 70% of a pig's ear is protein). Protein is made up of chains of amino acids, which are the building blocks of all structural parts of the body, such as muscles, enzymes and antibodies. They are essential for basic functions in life, as well as effective immunity.
Pigs Ear Nutrition
Are There Any Health Benefits Linked to Pig Ears?
Because pig ears have a large hide content, they are tough to chew and require some effort to eat. With that being said, they are not as tough as cow hide, and therefore do not cause excessive abrasion on the gums. The toughness is a good thing as the continuous chewing action will remove plaque and tartar from your dog's teeth.
Plaque and tartar are formed because of a build-up of food material and bacteria on the base of the teeth. As a result, the gums react and become inflamed, leading to a condition called gingivitis. If this gets out of control, the ligaments which hold the teeth to the gums can become weakened and teeth start falling out.
But the good news is giving occasional pig ear can aid in keeping the teeth clean and prevent dental disease.
Are Pig Ears Safe? Can They Be Detrimental to My Dog's Health?
If given freely without care, pig ears can be detrimental to your dog's health, and therefore some dogs should not be given them.
Obesity & Pancreatitis
Because of the high fat content, dogs who are struggling with their weight should not be allowed to have pig ears. Obesity is a major welfare problem, and can be linked to diseases such as osteoarthritis, diabetes and liver failure.
Also, a large amount of fat ingestion can trigger a disease called pancreatitis, in some dogs. The pancreas is an organ which produces enzymes which aid to digest food. When a dog has pancreatitis, the enzymes begin digesting the pancreas itself, leading to vomiting, diarrhoea and extreme abdominal pain. If a dog has had pancreatitis before, they are at a higher risk of developing it again, and therefore if your dog is a sufferer of pancreatitis, then pig ears will not be for him.
There have also been Salmonella contamination scares in pig ear treats. Approximately 4% of commercially produced pig ears contain Salmonella. A Salmonella infection can cause vomiting and diarrhoea in your dog, as well as in humans.
But if you source your pig ears from reliable places, such as butchers, reputable pet stores and veterinary clinics, then they are less likely to be contaminated.
Risk of Intestinal Obstruction
Finally, pig ears can cause obstructions in the gastrointestinal system if large pieces are swallowed. With all treats which are hard and have the ability to break into pieces, pieces can be swallowed and become stuck in the oesophagus, stomach or intestines. Blockages can be extremely serious, and cause vomiting, abdominal pain, and potentially gut perforations. Therefore, it is very important that any dog eating a pig ear is supervised.
Are Pig Ears Off-Putting in Any Way?
Much like any natural dried animal product, pig ears do have a meaty odour to them. This odour is one of the reasons why dogs are so attracted to them. For some people this smell will not matter, but if you are worried about the meaty smell sticking to your carpet and furniture, it is best to only offer your dog pig ears outside or in rooms with hard floors.
Pig ears are also fairly greasy compared to other similar treats on the market, which is because of their high fat content. This is another reason why you may not want your dog chewing them on carpet or furniture.
FAQs About Pigs Ears for Dogs
Can I Give my Puppy Pigs Ears?
It is not recommended that puppies are given pig ears. This is because the high fat content may lead to gastrointestinal upsets, such as vomiting, diarrhoea and gut discomfort.
How Often Can I Give My Dog a Pigs Ear?
Pig ears should be given in moderation. As a recommended guideline, a medium sized dog should not have more than one pig ear per week. Remember that pig ears are not calorie free, and so the amount of food should be slightly adjusted on that day to avoid an increase in the number of daily calories above what is recommended.
How Long Will a Pig Ear Last?
If you're looking for a long-lasting treat to keep your dog entertained for hours, pig ears may not be for your dog! A smaller dog, or one with a more delicate chewing action, may take a fairly long time to get through a pig ear. However, an excited middle or large breed dog with a healthy appetite is likely to get through it in under five minutes.
Are Pig Ears Linked to Behaviour Problems?
Pig ears, per se, are not the cause of any behaviour problems, however if you have a dog who is possessive over food then they may growl or snap if you try to take a pig ear away from them.
This behaviour stems from your dog's attitude towards the hierarchy of the household. Dogs see their owners as part of their pack. Dominant dogs always eat first in a pack, and therefore if your dog feels he must warn you from coming near his food, this means he thinks he is higher in the hierarchy than you are.
If this is a case, you should consult a canine behaviourist to understand ways to ensure your dog sees you as their master, rather than their equal or beneath them.
Alternatives to Pigs Ears
There are several pig ear alternatives available on the market. If you wish to stick to pig ears, but in a slightly different form, some pet stores will sell them as rolls, which your dog can easily carry around. Because these are much thicker, they are considerably longer lasting.
If you wish to give your dog a different chew which is still natural and healthy, knuckle bones and antlers are both options that you will find in pet stores. However, knuckle bones can pose many health concerns to your dog, such as splintering and breaking off pieces which can cause blockages. Antlers are significantly safer, as they will not break or splinter, and they will also last for many months instead of simply seconds. Unfortunately, antlers are considerably more expensive than pig ears.
Rawhide chews are also commonly found in pet stores, in the same section as the pig ears. They may initially appear as a more attractive option, as they do not smell and are also made from animal by-products. However, the reality is less attractive. Rawhide is produced from a manufacturing process which can leave many chemicals still in the chew, which may be detrimental to your dog, so it is far less natural than it originally appears. In addition, it digests much slower in the gut, and can easily cause blockages if large pieces are swallowed.
In Conclusion...
Pig ear treats can be nutritious and delicious treats for your dog to enjoy on a moderated basis. They can be beneficial to your pet's health, especially dental health; however, they should be offered with precaution to avoid your dog from swallowing pieces which could cause an obstruction. They should be avoided if your dog is still a puppy, overweight or prone to bouts of pancreatitis, but if your dog is a healthy adult dog


Buff-necked Ibis walking on grass
Buff-necked ibis
Buff-necked ibises are a fairly common South American species. As with many ibis species, their call is loud and piercing, and used in raucous duet during courtship.
Scientific name: Theristicus caudatus
Rank: Species
Common names:
White-throated ibis
Watch video clips from past programmes (1 clip)
Map showing the distribution of the Buff-necked ibis taxa
Species range provided by WWF's Wildfinder.
The Buff-necked ibis can be found in a number of locations including: South America. Find out more about these places and what else lives there.
The following habitats are found across the Buff-necked ibis distribution range. Find out more about these environments, what it takes to live there and what else inhabits them.
Additional data source: Animal Diversity Web
Conservation Status
Least Concern
 1. EX - Extinct
 2. EW
 3. CR - Threatened
 4. EN - Threatened
 5. VU - Threatened
 6. NT
 7. LC - Least concern
Year assessed: 2009
Classified by: IUCN 3.1
 1. Life
 2. Animals
 3. Vertebrates
 4. Birds
 5. Storks and long-legged wading birds
 6. Threskiornithidae
 7. Theristicus
 8. Buff-necked ibis


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Non-Negative Principal Component Analysis for Face Recognition
Principle component analysis is often combined with the state-of-art classification algorithms to recognize human faces. However, principle component analysis can only capture these features contributing to the global characteristics of data because it is a global feature selection algorithm. It misses those features contributing to the local characteristics of data because each principal component only contains some levels of global characteristics of data. In this paper, the authors present a novel face recognition approach using non-negative principal component analysis which is added with the constraint of non-negative to improve data locality and contribute to elucidating latent data structures. Experiments are performed on the Cambridge ORL face database. They demonstrate the strong performances of the algorithm in recognizing human faces in comparison with PCA and NREMF approaches.


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PHOENIX PROCESS™ PULP DIFFERENCES
Due to the milder technology used, the process is done at lower temperature without high pressure tanks. This results in using significantly less energy and lower cost of ton to produce. 20 million KWh less electrical usage which is the equivalent energy to power 3,000 homes.
Process uses between 1/8th and 1/10th the water of a traditional wood pulping process
Washington Department of Ecology has permitted the process as a minor source impact on air. A traditional wood pulp mill utilizes sulfur compounds resulting in NOX & SOX emissions and resulting permitting, controls and regulations. The Phoenix Process is sulfur free thus no traditional pulp mill odors
A mill utilizing the Phoenix Process will have minimal discharge with the process water being recycled or going out as an additional product. Additionally there is minimal solid waste
Because the basic raw material is a waste product and due to the low impact of the process (energy use, chemical usage and fiber yield), operating costs are a fraction of the competing wood fiber mills (between 50 and 60% of their costs)


legally binding
Common legal phrase indicating that an agreement has been consciously made, and certain actions are now either required or prohibited. For example, a lease for an apartment is legally binding, because upon signing the document, the lessor and the lessee are agreeing to a number of conditions. The lessor typically agrees to provide the apartment in a certain condition for a certain length of time, and the lessee typically agrees to pay an agreed upon rent and refrain from certain destructive behaviors. The other requirement for an agreement or contract to be considered legally binding is consideration - both parties must knowingly understand what they are agreeing to. If a person is forced, tricked, or coerced into entering into an agreement, it typically is not considered legally binding.
Use legally binding in a sentence
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and at the Board's Water Right Orders webpage.
Any person wishing to submit a petition for reconsideration of a final Decision or Order may do so within 30 days of the adoption of the order. As described in California Code of Regulations, title 23, section 768, any interested person may file a petition for reconsideration upon any of the following causes:
- Irregularity in the proceedings, or any ruling, or abuse of discretion, by which the person was prevented from having a fair hearing;
- The decision or order is not supported by substantial evidence;
- There is relevant evidence which, in the exercise of reasonable diligence, could not have been produced;
- Error in law.
As described in California Code of Regulations, title 23, section 770:
The board may:
- Refuse to reconsider the decision or order if the petition fails to raise substantial issues related to the causes for reconsideration set out in Section 768; or
- After review of the records, including any hearing transcript and any material submitted in support of the petition:
- Deny the petition upon a finding that the decision or order was appropriate and proper; or
- Set aside or modify the decision or order; or
- Take other appropriate action.
Before taking final action, the board may, in its discretion, hold a hearing for the purpose of oral argument or receipt of additional evidence or both.


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Superkilen, designed by BIG, TOPOTEK 1 and SUPERFLEX, is a kilometer-long urban space wedged within one of the most ethnically diverse and socially challenged neighbourhoods in Denmark. The wedge (in Danish: kilen) is structured along three spatial zones (red, black and green) and is populated by 108 objects and 11 trees from around the world.
Since its inception, Superkilen has been widely and controversially debated. The book invites readers behind the scenes of its making through the reflections of its main protagonists. It discusses the implications of the project in relation to changes in the conception of public space and to the increasing expectations connected to public investments nowadays. It places emphasis on urban planning, modes of participation, collaboration and conflicts, and discusses the possibilities of a shared, yet heterogeneous space.
By providing firsthand and background information about Superkilen, the book aims to further stimulate public discourses on the project, encouraging reflection and action in equal measure.


What Is a Lotus Birth?
What Is a Lotus Birth?
Last update: 02 July, 2018
A lotus birth is a practice that sees birth in a particular way. In a lotus birth, the placenta is left attached to the baby through the umbilical cord until it's naturally detached. This process usually lasts between 3 to 10 days after delivery.
Gradual transition
In the vast majority of natural births, the umbilical cord is artificially cut after birth, and thus the baby's union with its placenta comes to an end. This is a task carried out by the doctors or midwife.
A lotus birth allows this separation to occur gradually. That is, the baby continues to be attached to its natural source of nutrients, the placenta, until nature dictates otherwise.
Normally, the umbilical cord falls off between 3 and 10 days after delivery. In that moment, the child separates from the connection that has kept him together with his mother for nine months of gestation.
A birth planned according to this practice doesn't involve any outside intervention to remove the umbilical cord. The stages that comprise a lotus birth are as follows:
 - The child leaves the mother's womb.
 - Later, the mother expels the placenta, which usually happens about 30 minutes later.
 - At this time, the umbilical cord isn't cut, but the baby is held along with the placenta until the umbilical cord detaches naturally.
What Is a Lotus Birth?
Origin of the lotus birth
The lotus birth owes its name to its originator, Clair Lotus Day. In 1974, this researcher from California questioned everything related to the cutting of the umbilical cord, and even studied the work of primatologist Jane Goodall.
This researcher's investigation and her concern for the method of cutting the umbilical cord led her to give birth following this new practice. Since then, many births have been carried out in this way, which has generated various controversies.
Varied opinions: natural method or risky?
There are conflicting opinions regarding this way of giving birth.
On the one hand, the traditional view considers this practice to be a risk factor for the baby. Fundamentally, it's seen as a source of infections if care isn't taken regarding preservation of the placenta.
On the other hand, it appeals to those who want to prioritize a natural process. Emphasis is placed on the advantages associated with the provision of nutrients to the baby and a less drastic separation of its main source of life during pregnancy.
Benefits of lotus births
The placenta is the baby's main source of nutrients. It's an organ that pumps 500-700 ml of blood into the uterus every minute. In this way, it provides oxygen to the baby, as well as hormones.
It's also responsible for discarding harmful substances through the mother's bloodstream. The mother's system then filters the blood through her kidneys.
After birth, the placenta continues to provide nutrients through the umbilical cord.
Those who defend the lotus birth consider it a gradual way of helping the child adapt to new conditions, and that the contribution of nutrients that is received outside of the womb is essential for the baby's growth, development and health.
The process requires specific care that should be known in order to avoid infections and other more serious problems:
 1. After birth and delivery, including the expulsion of the placenta, the placenta must be washed with warm water. This way, any remaining blood will be removed.
 2. Let it drain and dry with a paper towel. Salt is usually added to accelerate the drying process.
 3. Then the placenta is wrapped or put in an open silk bag and placed next to the baby.
What Is a Lotus Birth?
A comprehensive look
The conception that circulates around the lotus birth is a vision of medicine, nature and the human being. According to scholars of the subject, it's a process that challenges many medical myths that we've grown accustomed to.
When considering the fact that the placenta is an integral part of the baby, the natural attitude is to let the process develop according to its organic phases.
The truth is that it entails a different way of looking at birth and like all medical procedures, it's recommended that you consult with your doctor before any decisions are made.


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Des Moines County, IowaEdit This Page
From FamilySearch Wiki
Des Moines County Courthouse
513 N. Main St.
PO Box 277
Burlington, Iowa 52601
1834--Des Moines County was created 1 October 1834, when Des Moines County Congress passed an act attaching the Black Hawk Purchase to the Territory of Michigan in June of 1834 prior to that it was part of Wisconsin. The following September the Legislature of Michigan divided this land purchase into two counties, Dubuque and Des Moines. The dividing boundary was a line running west from the lower end of Rock Island. At this time County courts were established with Des Moines County Court placed in the city of Burlington. Des Moines was named after the Des Moines River. County seat: Burlington
1873 -- Courthouse burned and many records were damaged.
For further information on researching in burned counties, see the following:
- Burned Counties Research in FamilySearch Wiki
- Michael John Neill, Burned Counties in Family History Circle
Historical Postoffices: Linton
- Townships and Villages:
Ghost Towns of Des Moines County
Ghost towns are settlements, towns, and villages whose thriving little communities dried up for various reasons. Some are now part of other townships, some have just faded away. Here are their names, the years they were functioning, and the Townships they were a part of.
There are many cemeteries in townships, cities, and farms located throughout Des Moines County that have been transcribed. Additional information on their locations is at Des Moines County Cemeteries Map. More information can be found on microfilm at the Family History Library based in Salt Lake City, Utah and can be requested and viewed at[:Category:Family_History_Centers|Family History Centers]] throughout the world.
Transcriptions for some of these cemeteries can be found at:
- Interment.net cemetery records.
- Iowa Gravestone Photo Project
- Saving Graves
- Tombstone Transcription Project
- Des Moines County Cemeteries
Iowa recorded not only the federal census but state census through out the years too. The state census contains very valuable genealogical information. Where the census information can be found, what years it was taken, mortality schedules, census substitutions and much more is discussed in the very informative Iowa Census article.
- Census Finder
- Census index for Des Moines County, transcribed for the years of 1836, 1836 Territorial Census, 1838, 1840, 1850, 1852, 1860.
- Church records, _PHONE_. Text in German.This church was also known as the German Methodist Church.Contains records for the churches of Flint Creek, Temmytown/Tamytown, Bluffs, Pleasant Grove, Union, Bethel, Sperry, Kline.Includes marriages; baptisms; membership lists; burials, 1856, _PHONE_; meeting minutes; finances; conference reports.
- Record book, _PHONE_ Contains baptisms, burials, marriages, membership lists, and sermons.Dr. McClintock was pastor to churches at Mt. Pleasant, _PHONE_; Burlington, _PHONE_; and Sioux City, _PHONE_.
The Des Moines Courthouse is located in the town of Burlington.
- History of Des Moines County, Iowa index, 105 bios online.
- Portrait and Biographical Album of Des Moines County, Iowa index, 519 bios online.
- Biographical Review of Des Moines County, Iowa index, 8 bios online.
- History of Des Moines County, Iowa index, 8 bios online.
- David Rumsey Map Collection is a large online collection of rare, old, antique historical atlases, globes, maps, charts plus other cartographic treasures.
- 1904 Des Moines County Iowa Atlas
- The Hawkeye
- The Mediapolis News
- NewspaperArchive.com ($) has historical newspapers online including Burlington newspapers dating back to the mid 1800's that covered local news on Des Moines County residents. This database is free at some libraries.
For more information about the history of newspapers in Des Moines County see the Burlington Library Genealogy Site.
Birth records kept by the District Court, _PHONE_; _PHONE_, have been microfilmed and are available at the State Historical Society in Des Moines, Polk County, Iowa and _PHONE_ at the Family History Library in Salt Lake City.
Some early Marriages Of Des Moines County 1837 to 1850 have been transcribed and published.
Des Moines County Marriage Records, from _PHONE_; _PHONE_ have been microfilmed and can be found at the State Historical Society in Des Moines, Polk County Iowa. Index to marriage records, _PHONE_; marriage records, _PHONE_ at the Family History Library in Salt Lake City.
Deaths records are held by the District Court, _PHONE_, have been microfilmed and are available at the State Historical Society in Des Moines, Polk County Iowa and _PHONE_ at the Family History Library in Salt Lake City.
Societies and Libraries
- State Historical Society of Iowa
Address: 600 East Locust Des Moines IA 50319
- Des Moines County Genealogical Society
P.O. Box 493
Burlington, IA 52601
Internet: Des Moines County Genealogical Society
- Burlington Public Library
210 Court Street
Burlington, IA 52601-1647
Internet: Burlington Iowa Public Library Genealogy Sources
For more information about Societies in Iowa see the Iowa Societies page.
Family History Centers
- Des Moines County, Iowa Biographies Project
- Family History Library Catalog
- Genealogy Trails Genealogy Group
- Genealogy Helps at the Burlington Library
- Des Moines County, Iowa Genealogy and Family History (Linkpendium)
- Des Moines County Genealogy (Iowa Genealogy)
- ↑ The Handybook for Genealogists: United States of America,10th ed. (Draper, UT:Everton Publishers, 2002).
- ↑ St. Paul's Methodist Episcopal Church (Burlington, Iowa) (Main,Author), German Methodist Church (Burlington, Iowa) Church records, _PHONE_ US/CAN Film 956373
- ↑ McClintock, John C. Record book, _PHONE_. FHL US/CAN Film 956371 Item 4
- ↑ Chicago: Western Hist. Co., 1879.
- ↑ Chicago: Acme Publishing, 1888.
- ↑ Hobart Pub. Co., 1905.
- ↑ ed. by Augustine M. Antrobus. 2 vols. Chicago: S. J. Clarke Pub. Co., 1915.
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In the FamilySearch Research Wiki, you can learn how to do genealogical research or share your knowledge with others.Learn More


The United States is the most expensive country to give birth in
Prices aren't just high—they also vary wildly.
The United States is the most expensive country to give birth in
It's a time when parents should be thinking about baby names and nursery decor, but for many American parents an impending birth means an impending bill and stress over money.
Indeed, the United States is the most expensive country to give birth in, and the 'fee-for-service' payment system may be why.
According to the International Federation of Health Plans, the average cost of a vaginal delivery in the United States is about $10,808. More recent data from health care technology firm Castlight Health suggests that number may be a bit lower, at $8,775, and nonprofit organization FAIR Health says it's actually higher, with the average cost for a vaginal delivery coming in at $12,290.
The variations reflect different methodologies, but all the data sets reveal one thing: Americans pay way more to give birth than parents in other nations. In countries like Sweden (where the maximum daily cost for a hospital stay is about $11 USD) or Canada (where most costs are covered by provincial health plans), parents don't have to wonder how much they'll pay to bring a baby home from the hospital.
Prices aren't just high—they also vary wildly. As noted in a study published in the journal Health Affairs, the cost of a hospital stay related to a low-risk delivery can range from $1,189 to $11,986 (that's just for facility fees and does not including the cost of an OB or a midwife).
For most families, it's the post-delivery hospital stay that adds up. Data from Truven Health Analytics shows facility fees are a significant portion of the cost of giving birth, far outstripping fees for maternity care providers, pharmacy, radiology and imaging, laboratory, and anesthesiology services.
And once you add in everything, the total of a family's bill depends a lot on where they live. A vaginal delivery that costs $6,075 in Kansas City would be billed at $15,420 in Sacramento.
According to the authors of the study in Health Affairs, the variation birth-related hospital costs suggest there may be opportunities to reduce bills by "increasing the coordination of care, and emphasizing value of care through new payment and delivery systems reforms."
Some health sector experts agree, changes need to take place to standardize and reduce the cost of giving birth in America.
"The price variances seen in both routine and cesarean deliveries reflect the larger systemic problems in our nation's healthcare system," says Kristin Torres Mowat, senior vice president of Plan Development and Data Operations at Castlight Health.
American parents want to know how much a birth will cost them, but, as new father Johnny Harris wrote for Vox, finding out the cost of having a baby before you have one is very challenging. "It's significantly easier to find out how much it costs to park at a hospital than how much it will cost to get treatment," Harris wrote.
The out-of-pocket costs a family pays after a birth are not only dependent on the location of the hospital, but also on their insurance. Negotiated rates, deductibles and health plan coverage varies, but regardless of your plan and state, if you're in America you're paying more than you would anywhere else in the world.
Add to that the struggle for paid parental leave, the high cost for childcare, and lost income for parents who do stay home for a few years and it seems like the price tag on birth in America is just the beginning.
Parenthood may be pricey (we don't even want to think about how much college is going to cost), but it always feels worth it when we bring home that new baby.
In This Article


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Importing data using the templates within CRM makes the import process very smooth and easy. You are able to see all of the required information that needs to be filled in prior to importing the data. You are able to import data to appropriate fields within CRM since the fields also get mapped automatically to the desired fields.
Templates are available for all entities.
You are able to access these download templates by following the steps below:
- You can find the template on the ribbon of the entity itself
- Or you can click on SettingsÃ Data ManagementÃ Templates for Data Import
- You are able to select the entity you want to import the data for
- The file saves as a.xml file on your computer
- Open the file and fill in the appropriate information
- All the fields that are bolded are required fields
- You just need to fill in the information that you want to see in your CRM form when you open the entity
- As for the lookup fields, such as the Primary Contact and Parent Account, you can add them there only if they already exist in CRM
Save the file â€" keep the xml format because it automatically maps the correct fields
The file formats that are supported by CRM are Comma-separated values (.csv), Text (.txt), Compressed (.zip), and Excel Spreadsheet 2003 (.xml)
You can import the file by clicking the import button from the ribbon or by digging into the settings area:
Click on the import button on the ribbon
Click on SettingsÃ Data ManagementÃ ImportsÃ Import Data
Select the file â€" if you do the.xml format, the entity and the fields will map automatically
You can find your imported file within the imports section
You can now import your files rather than entering endless amount of data manually one by one.
I hope you found this blog helpful! Check out out our other Dynamics CRM resources like our CRM Book for even more great information!