text:
smooth ride to Juneau:
RAP maps wind shear and turbulence at isolated airport
That ubiquitous air travel safety announcement about fastening
seatbelts and placing seats in their upright positions has a special meaning
when it comes to flying into Juneau International Airport. The local wind
shear and turbulence are notorious because the mountains that tightly
encircle the airport produce a complex wind-flow pattern that literally
rattles passengers who travel in and out of Alaskas small capital
Two airplanesa University of Wyoming King Air
and an Alaska Airlines 737-400gather data on RAPs prototype
As the project manager for the FAA-sponsored Juneau Wind Project, Bob
Barron of the Research Applications Program hopes to give travelers a
smoother, safer ride.
Bob and his colleagues are developing a prototype warning system that
issues up-to-the-minute alerts about wind shear and turbulence to air
traffic controllers, airline dispatchers, and pilots. The goal is to warn
pilots in time to prevent injuries to passengers and crew. RAP designed
a similar system thats operating at Hong Kongs Chek Lap Kok
Its great that NCAR can use its scientific and technical
expertise to contribute to society on this day-to-day operational level,
RAPs Bob Barron and Deirdre Garvey.
The RAP team used anemometers and wind profilers to set up the Juneau
warning system. The devices use vector mathematics to create a comprehensive
picture of surrounding winds and to determine the danger these winds pose
to airplanes and passengers.
A wind profiler is an upward-looking radar that can measure turbulence,
wind speed, and wind direction. It gives researchers a profile of horizontal
winds and turbulence at 60-meter (200-foot) increments up to about 2.5
kilometers (1.5 miles). An anemometer also measures wind speed and wind
direction, but its measurements are at a single point near the ground.
The team placed the anemometers and wind profilers at a variety of locations
ranging from the airports runways to the surrounding mountains.
Many sites were chosen for their proximity to flight paths, while others
were placed upstream to monitor incoming air before it reaches the airport.
RAP is working with the Atmospheric Technology Division to locate and
operate the instruments. From 1996 to 1997, ATD collected wind data for
several months to explore wind patterns and ultimately determine the best
locations for the wind profilers in Juneau. ATDs Steve Cohn has
helped ensure the accuracy and proper functioning of the Juneau wind profilers,
analyzing data with RAPs Steve Mueller, Andrew Weekley, Cory Morse,
and Kent Goodrich.
By boat or plane
Despite a population of barely more than 30,000, Juneau has a busy airport.
This is because, unlike Rome, no roads lead to Juneau. The only ways in
or out are by boat or plane. From apples to zucchini, supplies travel
through the airport along with people.
This high volume of traffic, coupled with unusually dangerous winds,
brought Juneau International Airport to the attention of the FAA. The
area has two major airflows: a warm south to southeast wind from the Gulf
of Alaska and a north to northeast wind bringing cold air from the interior.
Under certain wind conditions, the only way to fly out of Juneau is by
making a slow, 180-degree turn just after takeoff while turbulent winds
coming over the mountains buffet the aircraft.
For several years, RAP has worked with the FAA, Alaska Airlines, the
Univeristy of North Dakota, the University of Oklahoma, and the University
of Wyoming to collect data in Juneau. In 1998, 2000, and 2002, RAP and
university staffers traveled to Juneau to collect wind data that have
been used to build and refine the warning system. This past winter, two
airplanes, the University of Wyomings King Air and a larger Alaska
Airlines Boeing 737-400, gathered data to fine-tune the prototype system.
The planes were used to correlate ground-system readings with actual
data from the planes. For further accuracy, the Doppler on Wheelsa
truckborne radar owned jointly by NCAR and the University of Oklahoma
that measures radial wind speedconfirmed the data.
With the cold winter weather and rough traveling conditions in Juneau,
Bob jokes that a lot of people have suffered on the project. But everyone
involved understands that the focus of the new system is safety. Turbulence
is a major concern for the airlines. In one serious incident in Juneau,
a 737 departing the airport fully loaded with passengers encountered a
wind hazard and rolled over more than 90 degrees. Fortunately in this
case, the pilots were able to get the airplane back upright just a few
hundred feet above the ground and complete their departure. The Juneau
warning system is designed to provide alerts that will allow pilots to
avoid these types of hazardous areas.
It will also help airlines save money. Turbulence costs U.S. airlines
an estimated $100 million each year in injuries and operational disruptions
such as delays and rerouting. In Juneau, high winds can last from 2 to
72 hours, and wind information can help airlines adjust their routes and
schedules to optimize usage of the airport.
The warning system features sophisticated technology. The wind
profilers have two computers, explains RAPs Deirdre Garvey.
One is part of the profiler and the other is a Debian Linux computer
running the RAP algorithms. The anemometers and wind profilers transmit
data to a central location at the airport, where final data analysis is
performed. There is also a wind information system in Juneau running a
set of RAP algorithms and sending the data to various remote locations
in Juneau. Despite all this technology, in the end, it is up to the pilot
to decide how to respond to the warnings.
RAP hopes to have the prototype completed and handed over to the FAA
by 2004. The FAA will then modify the system to fit its long-term needs.
In the meantime, RAP staffers will continue to refine the prototype alert
system and check it for accuracy.
Until the warning system is up and running, people will be sure to remember
to pull their seat belts tight on their next trip to Juneau. Bob sighs,
NCAR never seems to send me to a place where the weather is nice.
Before the Juneau project, RAP built a similar warning system at Hong
Kongs Chek Lap Kok Airport (above in an artists illustration),
which is scheduled to be completed as shown in 2040. Without this warning
system, called the Windshear and Turbulence Warning System (WTWS), research
showed that one in 700 flights would encounter severe wind shear and one
in 2,500 would encounter severe turbulence. With the WTWS system installed,
unexpected windshear and turbulence are rarely encountered. The WTWS is
equipped with a suite of wind shear and turbulence detection algorithms.
It processes data from anemometers and a terminal Doppler weather radar.
Also in this issue...
launching instrument collection
Lally wins prestigious ballooning award
special evening with an intimate of the atmosphere
PTO, health benefits, and diversity training
to front page


text:
Mass Mania - The New Mass + Heat Transfer Column Model
July 19, 2016
The design and optimization of separation processes is carried out using process simulators which utilize various calculation approaches. ProMax® 4.0 now has both the Ideal Stage method and the Mass + Heat Transfer method available for use in reactive and non-reactive systems. This blog will discuss some basic settings for use of the Mass + Heat Transfer model as implemented in ProMax.
Mass + Heat Transfer Models – User Inputs
While the Mass + Heat Transfer calculation method requires a great deal of information about the system being modeled, much of this is provided automatically by ProMax. This leaves the user with a relatively minimal amount of required inputs. The required information that the user must supply includes the number of calculational increments in the column as well as column details such as tray type or packing type. Additional information that is used in the Mass + Heat Transfer method--but is generally supplied by ProMax--includes transport properties as calculated by the selected property package and mass transfer coefficients/interfacial areas as provided by the selected correlations.
Number of Calculational Increments
Whether a column contains trays or packing, a number of calculational increments, or stages, must be selected by the user. For trayed systems, this number will be equal to the actual number of trays being considered. For packed systems, the number of vertical segments that will represent a given depth of packing must be selected. The total packing depth, number of segments, and height of each segment must be known as well, although definition of any two of these inputs will provide the third. The height of each segment is significant, but a discussion of this topic is beyond the scope of this blog. Further details can be found in the ProMax Help File or by contacting BR&E. In general, a segment height of approximately 18 inches or 0.5 meters is recommended.
Besides the number of trays or the number of segments and packing depth, the Mass + Heat Transfer model requires detailed information of the column internals, regardless of whether the system being modeled is reactive or non-reactive. For trays, this includes information such tray type and spacing, weir heights, fraction active area, etc. For packing, the user should select one of the numerous pre-defined packings available in ProMax for each segment.
Other Values used in Mass + Heat Transfer Calculations
The remaining values required to perform the mass transfer calculations are provided by ProMax. Transport and thermal properties such as diffusivities, viscosities, densities, heat capacities, and thermal conductivities are provided by the thermodynamic package selected in the ProMax environment. Mass transfer coefficients and interfacial areas are provided by the selected Mass Transfer Coefficient correlation or Interfacial Area correlation (if applicable) in the column. Default selections of the various correlations are provided in ProMax, although the selection may be changed by the user. A general discussion of the correlation selections, as well as some other options available to the user, is provided below:
Mass + Heat Transfer Models - Correlations Available in ProMax 4.0
Trayed Column Modeling
Tray Mass Transfer Correlation: The AIChE correlation was developed for bubble-cap trays, is the most widely used, and has been extensively applied to sieve and valve trays. It provides mid-range values for the mass transfer coefficient. Scheffe-Weiland was developed for valve trays and generally yields the most aggressive values for the mass transfer coefficient. Chan-Fair is a modification of the AIChE correlation for sieve trays and gives similar performance. Chen-Chuang, Stichlmair, and Zuiderweg generally give the most conservative values for mass transfer coefficient. These models were developed from sieve trays and in the case of Stichlmair, some valve trays. For further discussion of these correlations, please see the ProMax help topic Overview of Tray Mass Transfer Correlations. In the cases of AIChE, Chan-Fair, and Chen-Chuang, the correlations return a product of the mass transfer coefficient and interfacial area. A selection for an interfacial area correlation is therefore required for kinetically limited systems.
Tray Interfacial Area Correlation: If reaction kinetics are to be considered, the interfacial area must be separable from the mass transfer coefficient, so a correlation must be selected that returns the area alone. The three correlations available (Stichlmair, Zuiderweg, and Scheffe-Weiland) provide relatively similar results.
Packed Column Modeling
Random Mass Transfer Correlation: Onda gives the most conservative value and can be applied to any random packing. Bravo-Fair can also be applied to any random packing, while Billet-Schultes and Hanley-Chen are limited to packing where data are available for the correlation.
Structured Mass Transfer Correlation: Each of the provided correlations are limited to packing where available data exist.
For the selected packing correlations, the interfacial area is assumed to be that of the packing. Selection of an interfacial area correlation for packing is therefore not required.
Mass + Heat Transfer Models - Other options in the M+HT model
Mass Transfer Formulation: General Maxwell-Stefan is the recommended multicomponent vapor-liquid mass transfer formulation. M-S Liquid Only or Vapor Only neglect the transfer resistance in the other phase. Overall Vapor or Liquid phase formulates the problem as more of a binary system, which neglects the drift behavior.
Mixing Model: The default selection, "well-mixed", assumes perfect mixing within each of the phases. If either or both of the phases has little to no back-mixing on a stage, a plug flow model could be a better choice. For example, if a tray flow length is long (2 m diameter with 1 pass), an assumption of perfect mixing within the liquid phase may not suffice, and Liquid Plug Flow may be a better model choice. The Equilibrium Stage selection allows individual trays or packing segments to be modeled as ideal stages. This can be useful for things like water wash trays.
The Help function in ProMax has extensive explanations of all of the dialog parameters. Additional help can be provided by contacting BR&E.
What other adjustments are available to modify column performance?
While BR&E believes the default configuration of Mass + Heat Transfer parameters should calculate very reasonable column results, there could be occasions when a user might want to adjust the performance of a column. In the Process Data-Properties-Column dialog, there are two parameters, Heat Transfer Factor and Interfacial Area Factor, that can be used to adjust performance for the entire column. Interfacial Area Factor multiplies the interfacial area, which impacts both heat and mass transfer. A higher value gives higher transfer. The Heat Transfer Factor is a multiplier as well, but multiplies the heat transfer only. If stage-wise or component-wise mass transfer modification is desired, check under Process Data – PropertiesMass Transfer-Mass Transfer Multipliers. These values increase or decrease the mass transfer of individual components on individual stages. If these modifications are still not enough, ProMax allows for user defined mass transfer coefficients via a user supplied DLL. For more information, please see the help topic "User Defined Mass Transfer Coefficient Information" and contact BR&E Support.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
A user has multiple rows of data for a custom MDF in Manage Data. When a document is generated, data from the first row is getting captured. The requirement is to have data from all the rows to the generated document.
Image/data in this KBA is from SAP internal systems, sample data, or demo systems. Any resemblance to real data is purely coincidental.
SuccessFactors Employee Central: Document Generation
Reproducing the Issue
A custom MDF object "Tuituion Reimbursement" has a child object "Classes". In the example, the user has three entries for Classes:
The template is configured as following:
The generated document contains data from only the first row:
Note that data from the second and third row are not in the generated document.
Incorrect mapping configuration.
In the template the table has placeholders in multiple rows. Hence, they are considered static which will fetch only the first value available.
For the placeholders to fetch multiple values in a table, all the placeholders should be in the same row. You can keep the first row for header and the second row will contain its respective placeholders. This would fetch the multiple values if present.
The template should look like:
Now, the generated document is:
Dynamic, KBA, LOD-SF-EC-DOC, Document Generation, Problem


Meaning of drift lead
drift' lead"
Pronunciation: (led), [key]
— Naut. Naut.
 1. a lead indicating, by the angle its line makes with the perpendicular, the movement of a supposedly stationary ship or the movement of water past a stationary ship.


text:
Whereas is usually used for comparing the features of two different things, when there is an important difference between them.
Whereas can be used when comparing anything: people, objects, places, actions etc.
You can use it in a sentence in two ways:
As a conjunction, to join two sentences together when there are 2 different subjects:
- I like beer whereas she likes wine.
- I'm good at snowboarding whereas she's good at skiing.
As a conjunction, at the start of a sentence where you are comparing 2 different things:
- Whereas I like blue, she likes green.
- Whereas smaller shops often have more expensive products, larger supermarkets can often put their prices down.
Whereas used in a legal context
Whereas can also be used for legal purposes, in the preamble (introduction) of a legal text, usually a contract.
This is called a 'whereas clause', and 'whereas' is used as an introductory word – it isn't used to compare things. Instead, it means "considering that" or "given the fact that".
The 'whereas clause' isn't a legal part of the contract's operative provisions – it simply 'paints the picture' or 'sets the stage', it gives an introduction to the situation.
Examples of whereas used in a legal context:
- Whereas party 1 has made allegations against party 2 that party 2 recklessly, negligently and/or fraudulently misrepresented and omitted material facts.
- Whereas party 1 is a dissolved corporation with a formal principal place of business in London.
Whereas synonyms (non-legal sense)
Since whereas is used as a conjunction, joining two ideas together in one sentence, it can often be replaced with other conjunctions.
Whereas Vs. While Vs. But Vs. And
While (when while is not used to signal time)
'While' is used in the same way as 'whereas' in a sentence, but only when 'while' is not used to mean "during the time that something else happens".
That means that you can replace 'whereas' with 'while' when it is used as a conjunction, but only when it is used at the start of a sentence:
- While I work in accounting, she works in the sales department.
- While I prefer going to the beach, I know a lot of people would rather spend their holidays in colder places.
But is also used to connect clauses or sentences, however, unlike 'and', it is used to signal a difference between two different ideas.
The main difference between 'but' and 'whereas', is that 'but' is used to signal a difference (or negative aspect), whereas 'whereas' is used to compare two things that are different. They can be interchanged in certain situations, for example:
- I like pasta but / whereas she likes pizza.
However, in other examples, but is used to present either the opposite of the original idea, or something negative about the original idea:
- I like that restaurant but it's a bit expensive.
- She looked tired but happy.
In these examples, when there is only one subject in the sentence, but can't be replaced with whereas.
'And' is used to connect words, clauses or sentences that should be considered together.
You can replace 'whereas' with 'and' when it is used in the middle of a sentence to compare two ideas that oppose one another (are different / contracting), and the meaning of the sentence won't change much.
However, using 'and' instead of 'whereas' means the ideas are simply being stated, rather than compared.
- I like chicken and she likes fish.
- I'm really good at running and he's really good at swimming.


What are dynamic numbers and why do I need them?
Dynamic numbers are used by Delacon's call tracking solution to accurately track visitors to your website. This pool of numbers are provisioned by Delacon exclusively for you to be used on your website.
When concurrent visitors browse your site, each visitor will see a different call tracking number.
This number will follow the visitor around the website and will display on the pages that you nominate as pages that you want visitors to call from.
When the visitor ends their web browsing session, the call tracking number will be available again for another web visitor.
Dynamic numbers are available as both standard text numbers and image numbers.
How many call tracking numbers do I need for my website?
Delacon has devised a formula to calculate the amount of call tracking numbers. Importantly, you only need to use this formula for the web pages that require call tracking numbers.
There are several steps involved in the calculation.
Step 1
For web pages that have the same termination point, divide the average number of visitors each hour to those pages by 60.
Step 2
Multiply the figure obtained in Step 1 by the average time visitors spend on those pages.
Step 3
Repeat Steps 1 and 2 for all other web pages where you want to display call tracking numbers that have different termination points.
Step 4
Add together the figures from the calculations.
Now you have the amount of call tracking numbers you require to accurately track calls from your website.
Here's a theoretical example
Let's say you have on average 240 visitors each hour to the web pages you want to display a call tracking number and that each visitor stays on the site for one minute. Under this scenario our call tracking solution would require 4 numbers that divert to one termination point. That's 240 divided by 60 and multiplied by 1.
However what happens if you divert call tracking numbers to a second termination point on select pages?
If those web pages also have an average of 240 visitors each hour and each visitor stays on the site for one minute, then you require 8 call tracking numbers. That's 4 plus 4.
The same theory applies if you require multiple numbers on the same web page to redirect to different termination points. When using the formula, you should multiply the result for that page by the amount of termination points from each call tracking number.
Dynamic number calculator
To make it easy for you, we have developed a dynamic number calculator. When using the calculator, you still need to make multiple calculations if you're displaying call tracking numbers on different pages that redirect to different termination points.
Rolling Number Calculator
Number of Users
Enter your average number of users:
Enter your maximum number of users:
Amount of Time on Site
Enter the average amount of time the user stays on the site in minutes:
Enter the maximum amount of time the user stays on the site in minutes:
Span of Time
Enter the number of hours that most users browse your site.
For example:
If most users arrive between 7am and 7pm, then the number of hours is 12 hours.
If most users browse your site during the day and all night, then the number of hours is 24.
(24 hrs maximum)


text:
Definition of Shock, primary
Shock, primary: Sudden loss of blood pressure resulting in shock due to pain, fear, and other reactions experienced immediately after a severe injury.Source: MedTerms™ Medical Dictionary
Last Editorial Review: 6/14/2012
Drug Medical Dictionary of Terms by Letter
Medical Dictionary Term:
Find out what women really need.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
India: Mining policy destroying biodiversity
October 11th 2012
The Indian government's mining policy is destroying the country's biodiversity and tiger habitats, an NGO on Sunday [7 October] claimed and sought a re-look into the 'massive' expansion plan of coal fields in forest areas. Hours before the start of the UN biodiversity conference in Hyderabad, Greenpeace asked the government to 'demonstrate leadership' by protecting the rich biodiversity that lies within its own borders. 'The government's present policy of increasing coal mining is destroying the environment including the habitat of the endangered Indian tiger. It is also forcing tens of thousands of its own citizens to leave their homes,' a Greenpeace statement said. 'The Indian government must stop the destruction of vital biodiversity,' it said ahead of the UN's 11th Conference of Parties of the Convention on Biodiversity (CBD) to be inaugurated by environment minister Jayanthi Natarajan tomorrow, seeking a halt in the 'massive expansion plan' of coal fields.
[Greenpeace] said its mapping study shows that 13 coalfields in the central Indian landscape alone will destroy more than 1.1 million hectares of pristine woodland. 'As a consequence of this environmental vandalism, over 14,000 tribal people in one region alone will lose their homes and livelihoods, with many indigenous communities being forcibly removed and placed into so called 'rehabilitation centres' with no way to earn a living,' it said.
Source: Times of India
More about biodiversity


text:
- choleric •
Part of Speech: Adjective
Meaning: Hot-tempered, peevish, ill-tempered, bilious
Notes: Today's Good Word is an adjective from an adjective, for the noun melancholy, on which melancholic is based, may also be used as an adjective, as to receive a melancholy letter from home. Obversely, melancholic may be used as a noun as well as an adjective, as someone who is an inveterate melancholic who seldom leaves the house. Melancholically is the appropriate adverb for today's adjective.
In Play: If you are tired of hearing and saying grumpy and would like to elevate the tone of your conversation, today's Good Word is perfect for you: "I guess the diet isn't working for Les Waite; I got a choleric reply when I asked him about it." If you are like me, you never did like the new use of ballistic, either, so why not substitute today's Good Word for it, too: "Donny Brooke was out of humor when he came in this morning but when he saw the stack of work on his desk, he became choleric."
Word History: Today's Good Word came from Latin cholera "jaundice", borrowed from Greek khole "bile". The ancients distinguished between yellow bile and black bile, the latter apparently imaginary. Yellow bile, however, is that bile secreted by the liver. Its Greek name comes from the same original Proto-Indo-European root (ghel- "to shine") that produced English yellow and gold. In German today it is gelb "yellow". Most English words containing GL and referring to light contain a reduction of the same root: gleam, glimmer, glitter, glow, and the like. Latin galbinus "yellowish" comes from the same root. It hardly changed in Romanian galben, but became jaunice in Old French. English borrowed the French word, reshaping it into jaundice, the yellowness of the skin when hepatitis disturbs the yellow bile of the liver.
Come visit our website at for more Good Words and other language resources!


text:
Who We Are
BikeVON is a 501 (C)(3) non-profit organization created and operated by Yvonne Rucker who is a dedicated cyclist in Metro Detroit area. It was create for the youth of color in the Metro Detroit area to promote:
- Awareness – embracing the culture of competitive bicycling, cycling as a mode of transportation and the nutritional benefits of a healthy life style.
- Affordability –teaching kids to build their own bikes, while learning the importance of recycling, and providing bicycles to youth and community organizations.
- Accessibility – establishing bike sharing at community centers for community rides.
BikeVON is a member of:
- League of American Bicyclist
- League of Michigan Bicyclist
- National Brotherhood of Cyclist
- Tri-County Bike Association
- Skillman Foundation's Youth Development Initiative
- Wolverine Sports Club
- Team O/2 – Cadieux
- National Black MBA Association
- BikeVONteaching the laws and rules of smart cycling while showing communities how to support cycling
- BikeVON – to represent the League of American Bicycling's (LAB) Equity Initiative, which "seeks to engage leaders from traditionally underrepresented demographics and bridge the current gap between diverse communities and bicycle advocates."
- BikeVON – empowering youth of color in the movement to create safer roads, stronger communities, and a bicycle-friendly Detroit.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
file_exists() and file_get_contents() fail on a file which is named output‹ÕÍÕ¥.txt (as an example), although I know it exists?
I'm guessing its got something to do with the special characters within the file name?.
So was wondering whats a workaround?
Appreciate all responses.
Please note, if your thinking why not simply change the file name? - I can't as the file name is generated generically, and to change the file name will be mean using PHP's file functions (which don't seem to allow special characters within the file name args - unless I've misinterpreted/misunderstood anything).
I'm using PHP 5.2 on Windows.
share|improve this question
Did you have a look at stackoverflow.com/questions/_PHONE_/…? – sdolgy Jul 9 '11 at 13:07
_USER_: There is no need to shell escape for file_exists and the like AFAIK. – hakre Jul 9 '11 at 13:13
_USER_: How do you get the file-name? – hakre Jul 9 '11 at 13:13
1 Answer 1
Ensure that the encoding of the file-system is the same as the encoding of the string that contains the file-name in your PHP code.
Otherwise you're testing for the wrong file to exist.
For example, if your file-system does not support UTF-8 but the file-name is encoded in UTF-8.
So you have commented that the filename is in UTF-8 and you're using windows.
That's exactly the point my answer was about. As written here:
Bad news for Windows Users: Windows filesystems (FAT, FAT32, NTFS) are not UTF-8 aware. Filenames are encoded in ISO-8859-1 or CP437/CP850/( or whatever suits your language) depending on filesystem and localisation. So you will probably get in trouble trying to match filenames from database to filesystem if you follow this guide. (Although I've never tried it.)
Windows workaround: Modern windows versions support UTF-8 on mounted shares. Make a share of your mediafolder and mount it as a network drive.
So either make a share or encode the filename in the encoding that actually works with your filesystem. This is not a bug in PHP. You're just no checking for the right file-name, that's all.
Assuming you have NTFS which might accept UTF-16 (which is not really precise AFAIK, but you can give it a try), you could convert the UTF-8 filename into an UTF-16 fiĺename:
$name = mb_convert_encoding($name, 'UTF-16', 'UTF-8');
And then try if file_exists works. Keep in mind that his might not be technically correct, and you might have an additional encoding issue which prevents you from correct use even with this re-encoding.
Related: What encoding are filenames in NTFS stored as?
share|improve this answer
Well according to mb_detect_encoding() the file-name is UTF-8...after some googling I came accross the following bug: _URL_.php?id=46990? so if thats the case then instead of using file-system functions directly could I use exec() (or alike) to rename the file to a file-name in which the file-system functions accept? – newbtophp Jul 9 '11 at 14:16
_USER_: Err, that's exactly the point: Your windows does not support UTF-8 file-names most obviously. And that's not a bug in PHP after all. You'll notice that, if you pass that over to the shell as well. Edited the question for more clarity. You need to take care yourself having the right file-name. – hakre Jul 9 '11 at 14:28
Your Answer


text:
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Bouncing Ball - Physics
A 1 Kg ball falling at 5m/s strikes a solid surface and bounces. The contact time between the ball and the surface is 9 milliseconds with a force of 1000N. What is the speed of the ball immediately after leaving the surface it struck?
Anonymous answered10 minutes later
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Commissions research on social gaming sector
The International Social Gaming Association (ISGA), a body that emerged following a merger between The Social Gaming Association (SGA) and the International Social Games Coalition (ISGC) in September, has developed a set of best practice principles for the social games industry.
The set of best practice principles covers five areas which are intended to ensure that games and their providers:
– Practice law and regulatory compliance;
– Are transparent in their functionality;
– Conduct responsible purchase and payment policies;
– Provide appropriate player privacy management; and
– Use appropriate advertising models.
Luc Delany, chief executive officer of the ISGA, said: "The social games industry is thriving and fast growing – over 750 million people play social games worldwide, and social games companies are driving economic growth. The launch of our best practice principles reflects our industry's need to ensure games are developed and operated in a responsible way at a time when the way people play and pay for games is changing."
Additionally, the ISGA has commissioned research into the evolution, use and impact of social games. The research results aim to give a better understanding of social gaming from both business and the consumer's point of view.
Independent research firm Harvest Strategy, led by Dr. Rohan Miller, will target how social games are changing the ways consumers play and pay for games.
The findings are expected to be released early 2014.


text:
Creating long-term goals for married couples is an excellent way to keep the relationship alive. Marriages grow and change, and each person in a committed relationship will have different needs over time. It is a good idea to have mutual goals, which will help to prevent challenges that may tear a relationship apart. Setting high goals for your relationship also encourages you to keep it going and maintain a high level of communication between the two of you.
When you create a long-term goal for a marriage, it is important to keep it realistic and attainable. Remember that the first year of a marriage is a crucial time for your relationship, so try not to set unrealistic expectations. Instead, try setting a realistic goal that can be accomplished over a period of time. Aiming to spend at least two nights a month together is a very reasonable goal, and you'll both benefit from it in the long run.
Setting a long-term goal for a married couple means setting a common purpose and a sense of common purpose for your relationship. It can be anything from making more money to making more memories. The key is to keep the goal realistic. Once you set your long-term goals, the two of you will be more motivated to reach them. Even if they're a little more expensive, you'll both feel more satisfied with the results.
Creating a long-term goal for a marriage requires time and dedication. It also helps to create agreements that reinforce the importance of taking care of each other. A couple's long-term goal should include rebuilding relationships quickly, building happy memories and being each other's rock during difficult times. However, it is important to set reasonable goals that will benefit both of you. You might not be able to achieve every goal, but achieving two or three dates a month can help strengthen your marriage in the long run.
Long-term goals for married couples can range from buying a house to starting a business. Whatever your goal, the couple must have a shared vision for the future. Whether it's a car, a home, or a real-estate investment, setting long-term goals for married couples is a great way to create a positive future for their relationship. This is the basis for a successful marriage.
Once you've tied the knot, you can set long-term goals for married couples. If you want to strengthen your bond, set realistic goals that are both achievable and beneficial. The goal should also be SMART, not too demanding, and attainable. The best marriages are built on long-term plans, so your marriage should be no different. So, make long-term goals for married couples a priority.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
A column of troops one km long is moving along a straight road at a uniform pace. A messenger is sent from the head of the column, delivers a message at the rear of the column and returns. He also moves at a uniform pace and arrives back at the head of the column when it has just covered its own length. How far did the messenger travel?
I can't get any ideas on how to start.
Thanks for any help.
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How far did the messenger travel means the distance traveled or the displacement? If its displacement then the answer should be 1km. – Saurabh Jul 3 '12 at 6:10
It means distance. – Matt Jul 3 '12 at 6:12
You just need to organise the information carefully and use distance = speed x time. Write down what you know about the movement of the column - say speed $u$ and the messenger say speed $v$ taking total time $t$. Split the movement of the messenger into two obvious parts. Then identify the total distance $d$ you want to find, and use the information you have to find an equation for $d$. – Mark Bennet Jul 3 '12 at 6:19
A trivial answer to the question would be $1$km, the length of the column. After all, the messenger starts out at the head of the column, and ends up again at the end of the column, at the point in time when it has covered its own length, and she then has advanced as much as the column has. This is probably not what the question intends, but it could be made clearer. – Marc van Leeuwen Jul 3 '12 at 6:50
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3 Answers
up vote 7 down vote accepted
Let us assume that the speed of the column is $1$ km per unit of time. For convenience, call that unit an hour. The column took $1$ hour to cover its own length.
Let $v$ be the speed of the messenger. When she is travelling to the back, the combined speed of approach of the messenger and the column rear is $v+1$, so the time it takes is $\frac{1}{v+1}$. Going the other way, the speed at which the messenger gains on the head is $v-1$, so the time it takes to gain the whole $1$ km is $\frac{1}{v-1}$. The whole task took $1$ hour, and therefore $$\frac{1}{v+1}+\frac{1}{v-1}=1.$$ This gives $v=1+\sqrt{2}$. The time taken is an hour, so the distance travelled is $1+\sqrt{2}$.
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Let the speed of troop is $u$ kmph and that of messenger is $v$ kmph.
So the relative speed when messenger is going backward is $v+u$ kmph.
And relative speed while going forward is $v-u$ kmph $(v>u)$.
So the total time taken is $$t=\frac{1}{v+u}+\frac{1}{v-u}$$ but in this time troop had moved $1$km so the $t=\frac{1}{u}$
$$\frac{1}{u}=\frac{1}{v+u}+\frac{1}{v-u}$$ $$v^2-2uv-u^2=0$$ which give us the following relation $$v=u(1+\sqrt2)$$
so the distance traveled is $$\begin{align*} d= &\underbrace{\frac{v}{v+u}}_{backward}+\underbrace{\frac{v}{v-u}}_{forward}\\ &=\frac{2v^2}{v^2-u^2}\\ &=\frac{2v^2}{2uv}\\ &=\frac{v}{u}=1+\sqrt{2}\text{ km}\end{align*}$$
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Mostly ok, but why did you give the answer using units of speed? Mind you, I've never seen it abbreviated "kmph". At least locally "km/h" is the only way to write it. This is different from, e.g. U.S.A., where "mph" is always used. I guess there are local variations :-) – Jyrki Lahtonen Jul 3 '12 at 7:27
_USER_ Oh that was a mistake.I have corrected it.Thanks – Saurabh Jul 3 '12 at 7:32
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Let $x$ be the troops' speed and $y$ be the messenger's speed.
Total messenger travelling time is $1/x$ (as the troops moved 1km forward).
In the troops frame of reference, the messenger first moved backwards with the speed of $y+x$, and then moved forward with the speed of $y-x$ so that in the $1/x$ total time he returned to the initial position.
Let $z$ be the time messenger spent to reach the rear of the column. Obviously, $z = 1/(y+x)$ (as messenger moves with the speed of $y+x$ relative to the column and has to travel $1$ km relative to the column to reach its rear).
From the other side, we have $z \times (y+x) + (1/x - z) \times (y-x) = 0$, from which follows $2zx + y/x - 1 = 2/(y/x+1) + y/x - 1 = 0$.
Note that the total messenger travelling distance is $d = y/x$. From the previous equation we get $2/(d+1) + d - 1 = 0$, $d^2-3 = 0$, and thus $d = \sqrt{3}$.
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Topic: [solved] Lilypad Erratic Temperature Sensor Output (Read 1 time) previous topic - next topic
Andrew T.
Jun 12, 2013, 11:30 pm Last Edit: Jul 01, 2013, 04:50 pm by Andrew T. Reason: 1
Hello, I am new to Arduino but I am looking forward to learning about it and using it for some practical applications. Currently, I am using a Lilypad Simple Board with the MCP9700 temperature sensor, both of which have been disconnected from the protosnap board. My goal is to measure the ambient temperature and read it off of the COM port. However, I am getting erratic readings on screen.
The board is connected to the computer via USB, with the sensor connected to the board in what I understand to be the correct way: hot to hot, ground to ground, and data to pin A2 (my own choice).
The code I am using I found online:
Code: [Select]
//TMP36 Pin Variables
int sensorPin = A2;
_TAG_ BANDGAPREF 14 // special indicator that we want to measure the bandgap
* setup() - this function runs once when you turn your Arduino on
* We initialize the serial connection with the computer
void setup()
 //to view the result open the serial monitor
void loop() // run over and over again
 // get voltage reading from the secret internal 1.05V reference
 int refReading = analogRead(BANDGAPREF);
 // now calculate our power supply voltage from the known 1.05 volt reading
 float supplyvoltage = (1.05 * 1024) / refReading;
 Serial.print(supplyvoltage); Serial.println("V power supply");
 //getting the voltage reading from the temperature sensor
 int reading = analogRead(sensorPin);
 // converting that reading to voltage
 float voltage = reading * supplyvoltage / 1024;
 // print out the voltage
 Serial.print(voltage); Serial.println(" volts");
 // now print out the temperature
 float temperatureC = (voltage - 0.5) * 100 ; //converting from 10 mv per degree wit 500 mV offset
 Serial.print(temperatureC); Serial.println(" degress C");
 // now convert to Fahrenheight
 float temperatureF = (temperatureC * 9 / 5) + 32;
 Serial.print(temperatureF); Serial.println(" degress F");
 delay(2000); //waiting a second
However, my output is unrealistic:
2.67V power supply
0.15 volts
-34.63 degress C
-30.33 degress F
6.76V power supply
0.40 volts
-9.72 degress C
14.51 degress F
7.17V power supply
0.72 volts
22.10 degress C
71.78 degress F
7.85V power supply
0.82 volts
32.01 degress C
89.61 degress F
7.91V power supply
0.66 volts
15.62 degress C
60.12 degress F
Troubleshooting, the code was modified to output the analog read of Sensor Pin A2. The read out was erratic, increasing and decreasing regardless of when heat was applied to the sensor. The temperature sensor was then replaced with the included light sensor. There, the analog readout would increase with increasing light and vice-versa. This leads me to believe that the problem may lie with the hardware (the temperature sensor). On the other hand, I know that the sketch was meant for a different temperature sensor, but I do not see why it would not work in this case. Any insight is appreciated.
I don't know where you have the bandgap code from but it's wrong.
One of the first lines of analogRead() is
Code: [Select]
if (pin >= 14) pin -= 14; // allow for channel or pin numbers
so you're actually reading the value of A0. You probably wanted to set the analog MUX to the internal voltage source:
Code: [Select]
But that doesn't work with analogRead().
Please describe what you want to achieve and why you're not just reading the value from A2.
Andrew T.
I agree, there really isn't any reason to include it. I modified the code. The readings are now consistent but still incorrect (negative values). The voltage output from the sensor is now decreasing with increasing temperature. Is that characteristic of the sensor?
Code: [Select]
int sensorPin = A2;
void setup()
 pinMode(sensorPin, INPUT);
void loop()
 int reading = analogRead(sensorPin);
 Serial.print(reading); Serial.println(" Bits");
 float voltage = reading * (5000 / 1024); //5000mV supplied by USB
 Serial.print(voltage); Serial.println(" Volts");
 float tempC = (voltage - 500)/10;
Serial.print(tempC); Serial.println(" degrees C");
float tempF = (tempC * 9 / 5) + 32;
 Serial.print(tempF); Serial.println(" degress F");
You have negative results from analogRead()? Please post the actual output you get.
This code
Code: [Select]
probably doesn't produce what you expect it to. It's exactly the same as
Code: [Select]
float voltage = reading * 4;
That's the different between integer and float arithmetics.
Andrew T.
Here's my output (reading taken every 3 seconds). Heat is applied from the 108-bit reading onward.
80 Bits
320.00 Volts
-18.00 degrees C
-0.40 degrees F
96 Bits
384.00 Volts
-11.60 degrees C
11.12 degrees F
84 Bits
336.00 Volts
-16.40 degrees C
2.48 degrees F
86 Bits
344.00 Volts
-15.60 degrees C
3.92 degrees F
87 Bits
348.00 Volts
-15.20 degrees C
4.64 degrees F
89 Bits
356.00 Volts
-14.40 degrees C
6.08 degrees F
108 Bits
432.00 Volts
-6.80 degrees C
19.76 degrees F
0 Bits
0.00 Volts
-50.00 degrees C
-58.00 degrees F
0 Bits
0.00 Volts
-50.00 degrees C
-58.00 degrees F
97 Bits
388.00 Volts
-11.20 degrees C
11.84 degrees F
24 Bits
96.00 Volts
-40.40 degrees C
-40.72 degrees F
0 Bits
0.00 Volts
-50.00 degrees C
-58.00 degrees F
0 Bits
0.00 Volts
-50.00 degrees C
-58.00 degrees F
0 Bits
0.00 Volts
-50.00 degrees C
-58.00 degrees F
Also, you're correct, I didn't take into account floating point approximation. I'll look into fixing that as well.
Please take a picture of your setup and post it. Take care that every wire is visible on the picture. Your output doesn't look like the readings of a thermal sensor, so let's check the wiring.
Andrew T.
The picture is attached. Here's the reference:
Red: + on Arduino, + on Temp Sensor
Black: - on Arduino, - on Temp Sensor
Green: A2 on Arduino, S on Temp Sensor
Black USB: to computer
My guess is that you don't have a connection with the crocodile connectors. Solder wires and try again.
Andrew T.
I soldered the wires but no luck. I ended up buying a new temp sensor and everything is working properly; I'm getting room-temperature readings. I decided to go back to using the bandgap reference because I can't assume 5000mV is supplied by the USB. It also means that I don't have to worry about floating vs integer arithmetic since the supply voltage reading is a floating point number. Overall, this was a good learning experience. Thanks for your help.
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text:
Editing or creating category groups
edit category groups in Money. You can
edit Budget groups though.
Category groups are used for internal parts of the program only (such as 'Advisor FYI' or 'Expert Assistant'). If you need to edit them, then you really need to question why, because your ability to use them is restricted. You possibly want a budget group, a standard category or a classification, because you can do a lot more with them.
A list of the category groups as found in the UK 2005 and US 2006 Money versions can be found at the following two links:
If you are wanting to change a category or subcategory, then see Article 317


text:
Learning Resources | News
Gale Adds More National Geographic Content to Virtual Library
- By Dian Schaffhauser
Instructors, librarians, students, and researchers will have access to a new collection of books, articles, videos, maps, and other resources culled from the collection of National Geographic. Education publisher Gale, which is part of Cengage Learning, has launched National Geographic: People, Animals, and the World. The content includes:
- Books on travel, science, technology, history, environment, animals, photography, and world cultures;
- The full text of National Geographic Traveler magazine from 2010 to the present;
- 325 videos on multiple topics from animals to travel;
- 655 color maps and atlases; and
- 600 downloadable images.
The latest collection is the third National Geographic offering included in Gale's portfolio. The company previously published digital editions of National Geographic Magazine Archive, _PHONE_ and National Geographic Magazine Archive, 1995-Current.
"These resources challenge all users to think about the world from multiple perspectives, such as comparing first-hand accounts with contemporary news coverage, while multimedia helps keep them engaged and enlivens learning and understanding," said Jim Draper, vice president of product strategy and content development for Gale.
Dian Schaffhauser is a writer who covers technology and business for a number of publications. Contact her at _EMAIL_.


text:
EROI LOCALI E IMPERATORI A PERGE (PAMPHYLIA): I MONUMENTI
Local heroes and emperors at Perge (Pamphylia): the evidence
of the monuments
The subject of this paper is the analysis of some monuments of
the second century AD in Perge (Pamphylia), decorated with imperial portraits and statues of local gods and heroes. The case of the transformation of the South Gate into a monument celebrating the imperial dynasty, the city and the benefactor's family shows how Plancia Magna acted at Perge. Plancia Magna, who financed important public works for the city, illustrates the role of benefactor of the senatorial class at that period. Imperial portraits are exhibited together with local gods and heroes also in the Nymphaeum North, in the South Bath and in the last redecoration of the theater (end of the third centuryAD).


Definition of: 486
The fourth generation of the Intel x86 family of CPU chips. The term may refer to the chip or to a PC that used it. Introduced in 1989, it was the successor to the 386 and the first chip in the line to include a built-in math coprocessor. Providing acceptable performance for DOS, it was bare minimum for Windows. Later versions of the chip doubled and tripled internal speeds (see DX2 and DX4). See OverDrive CPU, PC and x86.
Technical Specs
Type: 32-bit multitasking microprocessor
Transistors: 1,100,000 to 1,200,000 (1.0 micron)
Package: 168 or 169-pin PGA
Registers: 32 32-bit


text:
Welding Triangles In A Mesh Using Thrust 2016-02-29
This algorithm is designed to weld together triangle vertices with a certain tolerance and remove duplicated triangles. Thrust will be used making the algorithm parallel on the CPU using OpenMP or on the GPU using CUDA. Additionally, I assume that the code is run on the CPU.
This example is based on the Welding Vertices example in the Thrust GitHub examples folder. I used the following to merge vertices and triangles for a marching cubes code which generated an unoptimized triangle mesh.
The input to this procedure is a list of triangles and vertices,
vertices is a three dimensional vector with the locations of each vertex in a triangle and
indices is an array of indices for the vertices that make up a specific triangle. Note that the input to the algorithm must not be merged already, meaning that
vertices will contain unique entries for every vertex and
indices will reference 3 unique vertices. No vertex will be shared by a triangle.


text:
Counters are numeric data variables that can be added to a document.
Use a Counter to count anything that needs counting, such as:
- Products sales
- Voting results
- Any event related to the document
Create and manage Counters using API methods or through the Studio.
In this page:
Viewing Counters Data
To view counters data, open the document they belong to.
1. Choose a database from the databases list:
2. The Counters Flag indicates which documents currently have counters.
3. Open a document.
4. Counters' details are located in the Counters Tab.
This flag in the document's metadata, is automatically set or removed by the server,
indicating whether a document has Counters.
- Counters-Tab Header
Click the header to open the Counters tab.
The current number of Counters is stated on the header.
- Counter Name
You can use whatever characters you choose, including Unicode symbols.
- Counter Value
Add, Modify or Remove Counters from the Counters Tab.
1. Click "Add Counter" to create a new Counter.
2. Click the Edit icon to modify a Counter's value.
A. Counter's name - Note: Once set, the name cannot be modified.
B. Current value - The accumulated value from all nodes.
C. Enter a new value here. This value is the acculated value, see note below.
D. Confirm to carry out the update or Cancel.
E. The Counter's value per cluster node.
F. The node's e-tag.
Modifying a Counter's value sets its accumulated value.
For example, in the above image, the Counter's value is 348 in Node A, 310 in node B, and (-25) in node C,
making its accumulated value 633.
Setting the new value to 700 from node A, will change its accumulated value to 700 by setting its value in node A to 415.
A Counter value can be negative.
3. Click the Delete icon to remove a counter.
Counters Export and Import
You can Export selected components, including Counters, into a file, and Import them into your database when required.
Export Database with Counters.
1. Click the Settings gear.
2. Click Export Database.
3. Use the default name or enter your own.
4. Select the components you wish to export. Make sure Counters are included.
5. Click to export the database.
Import Database with Counters.
1. Click the Settings gear.
2. Click Import Data.
3. Select a file you wish to import from, or another source.
4. Select the components you wish to import. Make sure Counters are included.
5. Click to import the database.
Remember that Counters are not independent entities. You can import a Counter with its document, or into an existing document.
E.g. to import the Counters of a document named "products/1-C":
- Check "Include Documents" and "Include Counters".
This will import documents along with their Counters.
- Check "Include Counters" but not "Include Documents".
Verify that a document named products/1-C already exists in your database.
The Counters will be imported into products/1-C.


text:
Research Strategy: Working to Australian MS Research Strengths
MS Research Australia implements an informed scientific agenda to accelerate advances that will prevent, better treat and ultimately cure multiple sclerosis.
The MS Research Australia scientific agenda focuses on funding research that will increase our understanding of the biology driving MS and how to stop MS from triggering the disease, causing further damage and how to repair existing damage that can reverse disability. This is a medium to long-term strategy. It requires extensive funding, collaboration and coordination.
In the short term, MS Research Australia funds clinical research that measures the benefits of alternative symptom management approaches. Social research through the Australian MS Longitudinal Study measures the physical, social and economic impact of MS on Australians for advocacy and service development purposes.
MS Research Australia Research Strategy Overview
- What triggers MS? Can we prevent the onset of MS?
- What biology is driving MS? How can we stop it?
- Can existing neural damage be repaired or replaced?
To address these significant unknowns, MS Research Australia invests in five research streams. Funding in these streams includes both investigator-driven applications and 'platform' funding (see a summary in the table, and more detailed information below):
|Research Stream||MS Research Australia Funded Research|
|1. Social and Applied Research||
|2. Genetics and Epidemiology|
|3. Immunology and Virology||
|5. Clinical Trials|
How MS Research Australia Identifies High Quality Research
MS Research Australia identifies significant MS research in two ways; the first is via an annual peer-review process, the second is by proactively identifying, coordinating and funding major collaborative projects called 'Platforms'.
1. Supporting Serendipitous Discoveries
Each year MS Research Australia initiates a rigorous international peer-review process to identify high quality MS research to fund. Annually MS Research Australia will fund approximately $2million in projects and capacity-building grants including fellowships and scholarships.
MS Research Australia grants give scientists an opportunity to focus on generating new insights that inform our understanding of the disease. Capacity building is an investment in the future of MS research by creating opportunities for early career researchers to gain scientific training, to learn from leading MS experts and nurture a commitment to cure MS. These early career researchers are the next generation of MS experts.
For more information on:
2. PLATFORMS: Proactively Accelerating Blue Sky Research
Platforms represent a major investment in infrastructure or a collaboration that will accelerate MS research activity. MS Research Australia acts as a catalyst for blue sky research. We work with researchers to undertake the research that other funding agencies consider 'too risky' to fund but has the potential to yield the greatest outcomes for People with MS.
With guidance from the broader scientific and health professional community, MS Research Australia establishes and maintains national collaborations to address scientific questions that no one researcher could solve in isolation.
Currently, MS Research Australia has several Platforms underway including:
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- MSRA Brain Bank
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- Australian MS Longitudinal Study
- Proteomics Collaboration
- PrevANZ - vitamin D MS Prevention Trial
In developing a Platform, MS Research Australia consults with as many relevant Australian and international researchers as possible.
This ensures that we only fund Platforms that:
- complement the world-wide research effort without duplication,
- fund a highly focused initiative with clear goals and timeframes,
- and identify potential obstacles early and solutions to overcome them quickly.
MS Research Australia's research approach has changed the way MS researchers can do MS research in Australia.


text:
Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
2001, Anthony J. Biancull, Trains and Technology: The American Railroad in the Nineteenth Century, ISBN _PHONE_:
lowball (plural lowballs)
- The position of the ball on an American railroad ball signal that indicated Stop.
- (poker) A form of poker in which the lowest-ranking poker hand wins the pot. Usually the ace is the lowest-ranking card, straights and flushes do not count making the best possible hand being A, 2, 3, 4, 5 regardless of suits (in contrast to deuce-to-seven lowball.)
- A form of cribbage in which the first to score 121 (or 61) is the loser.
- An unmixed alcohol drink served on ice or water in a short glass.
- (transitive) to give an intentionally low estimate of anything, not necessarily with deceptive intent.
- (transitive) To give (a customer) a deceptively low price or cost estimate that one has no intention of honoring or to prepare a cost estimate deliberately and misleadingly low.
- (transitive) To make an offer well below an item's true value, often to take advantage of the seller's desperation or desire to sell the item quickly.


Pompey's foreign stars take lessons to decipher Harry
October 22, 2008
Portsmouth's foreign players are being sent to language school so they can understand manager Harry Redknapp's orders.
Pompey are organising the lessons for 16 of their players so they are not left baffled by boss Redknapp's Cockney phrases.
The lessons, run by Dr Jay Kettle-Williams, will also include learning football terms using a table football game.
A spokeswoman for language school Polyglot Solutions in Southsea, Hampshire said: ''The lessons were inspired by the fact that the English level by the players and their wives was not adequate for living and working in Portsmouth.
''That was the springboard for the lessons and as well as that it is crucial for the players to understand instructions on the pitch.''


adjective, warmer, warmest.
having or giving out a moderate degree of heat, as perceived by the senses: a warm bath.
of or at a moderately high temperature; characterized by comparatively high temperature: a warm oven; a warm climate; a warm summer.
having a sensation of bodily heat: to be warm from fast walking.
conserving or maintaining warmth or heat: warm clothes.
(of colors) suggestive of warmth; inclining toward red or orange rather than toward green or blue.
characterized by or showing lively feelings, passions, emotions, sympathies, etc.: a warm heart; warm interest.
strongly attached; intimate: warm friends.
cordial or hearty: a warm welcome.
heated, irritated, or angry: to become warm when contradicted.
animated, lively, brisk, or vigorous: a warm debate.
strong or fresh: a warm scent.
close to something sought, as in a game.
uncomfortable or unpleasant: His opponents made things so warm that he decided to quit.
British Informal. well off; in easy circumstances.
verb (used with object)
to make warm; heat (often followed by up ): to warm one's hands; to warm up a room.
to heat or cook (something) for reuse, as leftovers (usually followed by over or up ): to warm up yesterday's stew.
to excite enthusiasm, ardor, cheerfulness, or vitality in (someone): The wine soon warmed the company.
to inspire with kindly feeling; affect with lively pleasure: It warms my soul to hear you say that.
to fill (a person, crowd, etc.) with strong feelings, as hatred, anger, or zeal: Restrictions had warmed the crew to the point of mutiny.
verb (used without object)
to become warm or warmer (often followed by up ): The room will warm up when the fire gets going.
to become ardent, enthusiastic, animated, etc. (often followed by up or to ): The speaker quickly warmed to her subject.
to grow kindly, friendly, or sympathetically disposed (often followed by to or toward ): My heart warms toward him.
Informal. a warming: Sit by the fire and have a nice warm.
Verb phrases
warm down, to conclude or follow a period of strenuous physical exercise by walking or gentle stretching.
warm up,
to prepare for a game, sports contest, dance, etc., by moderate exercise or practice beforehand.
to increase in excitement, intensity, violence, etc.: The racial situation was warming up.
to become friendlier or more receptive: No matter how hard I tried, I just couldn't warm up to that proposal.
Radio and Television. to entertain (an audience) prior to a broadcast to increase receptiveness.
warm the bench, Sports. to serve as a substitute who rarely plays in a game: The young outfielder warmed the bench for the Yankees last season.
before 900; (adj.) Middle English werm, warm, Old English wearm; cognate with German warm, Old Norse varmr; (v.) Middle English warmen, wermen, Old English werman, wirman (transitive), wearmian (intransitive), both akin to the adj.; (noun) derivative of the v.
warmer, noun
warmish, adjective
warmly, adverb
warmness, noun
overwarmed, adjective
prewarm, verb (used with object)
rewarm, verb
unwarmed, adjective
unwarming, adjective
well-warmed, adjective
1. lukewarm, tepid, heated. 6. hearty, enthusiastic, fervent, fervid, emotional, ardent. 7. friendly, close. 8. fervent. 9. annoyed, vexed, irate, furious. 10. vehement. 17. animate, excite, waken, stir, rouse, arouse.
1–3, 5, 8. cool.
Dictionary.com Unabridged
Cite This Source Link To warming
World English Dictionary
warm (wɔːm)
1. characterized by or having a moderate degree of heat; moderately hot
2. maintaining or imparting heat: a warm coat
3. having or showing ready affection, kindliness, etc: a warm personality
4. lively, vigorous, or passionate: a warm debate
5. cordial or enthusiastic; ardent: warm support
6. quickly or easily aroused: a warm temper
7. (of colours) predominantly red or yellow in tone
8. (of a scent, trail, etc) recently made; strong
9. near to finding a hidden object or discovering or guessing facts, as in children's games
10. informal uncomfortable or disagreeable, esp because of the proximity of danger
vb (when intr, often foll by to) (often foll by to)
11. (sometimes foll by up) to raise or be raised in temperature; make or become warm or warmer
12. to make or become excited, enthusiastic, etc (about): he warmed to the idea of buying a new car
13. to feel affection, kindness, etc (for someone): I warmed to her mother from the start
14. (Brit) (tr) to give a caning to: I'll warm you in a minute
15. informal a warm place or area: come into the warm
16. informal the act or an instance of warming or being warmed
[Old English wearm; related to Old Frisian, Old Saxon warm, Old Norse varmr]
Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 10th Edition
Cite This Source
Word Origin & History
O.E. wearm, from P.Gmc. *warmaz (cf. O.S., O.Fris., M.Du., O.H.G., Ger. warm, O.N. varmr, Goth. warmjan "to warm"), from PIE *gwher- (cf. Skt. gharmah "heat;" O.Pers. Garmapada-, name of the fourth month, corresponding to June/July, from garma- "heat;" Arm. jerm "warm;" Gk. thermos "warm;" L. formus
"warm," fornax "oven;" O.Ir. fogeir "heated;" Hitt. war- "to burn"). The root also may be connected to that of O.C.S. goriti "to burn," varu "heat," variti "to cook, boil;" and Lith. verdu "to seethe." The distinction, based on degree of heat, between "warm" and "hot" is general in Balto-Slavic and Gmc., but in other languages one word often covers both (cf. L. calidus, Gk. thermos, Fr. chaud, Sp. caliente). In reference to feelings, etc., attested from c.1480. Sense in guessing games first recorded 1860, from earlier hunting use in reference to scent or trail (1713). Warm-blooded in ref. to mammals is recorded from 1793. Warm-hearted first recorded c.1500.
O.E. wyrman "make warm" and wearmian "become warm;" from the root of warm (adj.). Phrase warm the bench is sports jargon first recorded 1907. Warm up (v.) "exercise before an activity" is attested from 1868. In ref. to appliances, motors, etc., attested from 1947. Noun phrase
warm-up "act or practice of warming up" is recorded from 1915.
Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper
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Example sentences for warming
Clouds clouds are another source of albedo that play into the global warming equation.
At times it seems he is warming to bec however his sister always talks him round.
A severe threat to the tundras, specifically to the permafrost, is global warming.
The underlying motivation for funding both companies is to help combat global warming.
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What is a Stage-Gate Process?
Stage-gate process refers to a specific technique in project management where the process is divided into distinct stages, or phases, demarcated by decision points known as gates. At each gate, current results and information, like the specific case, risk analysis, and resource availability, determine the next decision.
Most commonly, there are five phases in stage-gate processes: scoping the breadth of work based on the initial brainstorming session; formulating a business case; developing the structure and fleshing it out; testing and either validating or correcting errors; and launching the product or service. Typically, the gates that separate each stage consist of addressing major themes: quality of execution, business rationale, and action plan. When addressing these concepts, there are five possible answers: go, conditional go, kill, hold, and recycle.
Because some industries carry a higher level of risk and failure than others during the innovation process (e.g. pharmaceuticals, technology, etc.), incorporating regularly-scheduled safeguards helps mitigate risk and failure before allowing them to grow too much. One of the earliest and most famous stage-gate process examples can be traced back to NASA in the 1960s during the Apollo and Gemini projects; since then, many organizations have adopted it into their own workflows.
Other Names for Stage-Gate Process:
- Phase gate process
- Phase review process
- Front-end loading
- Big design up front
- Waterfall process
Why is Stage-Gate Process Important?
The stage-gate process is important for several reasons: it helps those involved work on the right task at the right time; it minimizes loss of resources; mitigates risk; keeps the original scope from growing out of control; offers flexibility in adjusting details and direction; improves cross-team collaboration; and highlights errors at the earliest possible point.
When it comes to innovation, often, the endpoint can't be learned until well into the process because of competing players and data, which is why a structured process is vital for maximizing success. Businesses value predictability because it helps make budget planning and resource allocation clear and easy to understand. Plus using the stage-gate process reduces risk and increases the chances of success.
If knowledge is power, then the stage-gate process epitomizes that concept, especially when it comes to innovation. Having enough – and the right kind of – information is a key tool in managing risk and ensuring project success.


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Thematic Pathways in General Education (TPGE) is an initiative to increase student engagement in General Education (Gen Ed) courses and to foster cross-disciplinary connections and co-curricular learning opportunities. Pathways identify subsets of Gen Ed courses with relevant content proposed by the General Education Committee or other faculty groups. They create a new filter in STAR so that students can identify subsets of courses with Gen Ed designations with thematic content that may interest them. Students may opt to fulfill a subset of their Gen Ed Core (Foundations and Diversification) and Special Graduation (Focus and Hawaiian/Second Language) requirements within one or more TPGEs, but they are in no way required to do so. Participation in TPGEs is entirely voluntary for faculty as well. If, for any reason, departments do not want one or more of their classes included, they can opt out by emailing their request to _EMAIL_ at any time.
TPGEs will also feature co-curricular learning opportunities. For example, a lecture on campus may be interesting to students enrolled in Gen Ed designated classes with Sustainability content. The General Education Committee and General Education Office can forward announcements about such activities to the departments with courses in the Sustainability TPGE, for example, so that students can be alerted to them, and/or so those events can be incorporated into the curricula.
TPGEs should be clearly distinct and much broader than any single major, minor or certificate. TPGEs are not academic programs or a Gen Ed requirement. Instead, TPGEs provide selection criteria for undergraduate students, academic advisors, and faculty advisors to use during the registration process in order to identify subsets of courses fulfilling Gen Ed requirements that have some content relevant to a broad, interdisciplinary area that may be of interest to the student. A TPGE on "Climate Change," for example, would identify the subset of courses with Gen Ed Diversification designations that have sufficient content related to sea rise, air pollution, migration, and public policy. With over 4000 courses with Diversification designations, and more being added each year, students are faced with an overwhelming array of choices. By tagging subsets of courses with content related to a broad interest area, the registration system's new TPGE menu will allow them to quickly pull up a subset of courses relevant to a TPGE that may interest them. The student interested in Climate Change can then find a shorter list of choices for fulfilling a Diversification Arts (DA) requirement (e.g.,Tropical Landscape Planting Design Studio, Topics in Theatre Production). If no courses in that subset fit her schedule or pique her interest, she can choose from DA courses in a different TPGE or from the complete list of all courses with a DA designation. As a registration tool, TPGEs function like filters in search bars on retail sites: Men's Shoes may bring up thousands of options, but Boots narrows that to a more manageable subset of choices.
If you have any questions, or want to discuss an idea for a new TPGE, don't hesitate to contact us.


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The common spatial pattern (CSP) method is a dimensionality reduction technique widely used in brain-computer interface (BCI) systems. In the two-class CSP problem, training data are linearly projected onto directions maximizing or minimizing the variance ratio between the two classes. The present contribution proves that kurtosis maximization performs CSP in an unsupervised manner, i.e., with no need for labeled data, when the classes follow Gaussian or elliptically symmetric distributions. Numerical analyses on synthetic and real data validate these findings in various experimental conditions, and demonstrate the interest of the proposed unsupervised approach.
Sign-in or become an IEEE member to discover the full contents of the paper.


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This application note describes the benefits of using the new CellKey™ Small Sample 96W microplate for investigating endogenous receptor function in non-adherent cell lines and primary cells. The Small Sample microplate was designed to use significantly fewer cells per well while maintaining the same reliability and robustness as the CellKey™ Standard 96W microplate.
Analyzing endogenous receptors in non-adherent cell lines and primary cells with the CellKey™ Small Sample 96W Microplate
Primary cells provide the most biologically, and disease relevant context to study endogenous receptor function making them an attractive in vitro model system for drug discovery. However, primary cells can be prohibitively expensive for use in early stages of drug discovery. The CellKey™ Small Sample 96W microplate has a well-bottom area 1/20 the area of the CellKey™ Standard 96W microplate and uses a reduced assay volume. This enables pharmacological analysis of endogenous receptors in the context of primary cells at a significantly reduced cell number per well. In the following case study, data obtained using the Small Sample microplate was directly compared to data generated using the Standard microplate. The results demonstrate that the Small Sample microplate is ideal for cell-based secondary screening assays utilizing primary cells.
Company websiteMolecular Devices®


Invertebrate abundance and health are acquatic biomonitoring indicators to evaluate the effects of water pollution and climate change.
STINAPA is monitoring invertebrate abundance in Lac Bay, Bonaire since 1999 at irregular time intervals. During monitoring the species and the number of individuals of that species is counted at 66 different locations.


Speech Trek
Speech Trek, is an AAUW California project that begins on the branch level with a speech tournament for local high school students and culminates with three top statewide finalists performing their five-minute speeches at the AAUW California convention/annual meeting in April. AAUW Morgan Hill participates by inviting high school students to participate in our own local contest.
Mission Statement
To promote understanding and communication of gender-equity issues among high school students through their research, preparation, and presentation of high-quality speeches, while promoting the value of public speaking as a life and leadership skill.
Speech Trek was established by AAUW CA in 2007. In 2009, it was renamed the Eleanor Stem Allen Memorial Speech Trek Contest in honor and memory of an AAUW member and teacher who recognized the importance of public speaking skills in teaching students about issues that matter to AAUW, and in gratitude to her family for providing ongoing financial support for the project.
 Morgan Hill Speech Trek
The Morgan Hill branch held its first annual Speech Trek contest in 2014. Contestants are limited to 5-6 minutes to express their thoughts on the given year's topic. (See contest details below.) Prizes are awarded to the top three contestants.
2020 Speech Trek winners. L-R: Margaret McCann (coach), Danielle Chaisson (3rd place, Sobrato HS), Diya Khandra (2nd place, Sobrato HS), Gelasia Tiwana (1st place, Sobrato HS), Joanne Rooney (contest organizer)
Why Speech Trek? From a a past participant
Why Speech Trek? From a a past participant
2020 winning speech, by Gelasia Tiwana
Speech Trek is open to all high school students in California. Girls and boys enrolled in any public or private high school, as well as home schooled students, are eligible to participate.
2020-21 Contest Details
Past contestants tell why Morgan Hill high school students should participate this year.


Knowledge Base Article 838454 describes the new Microsoft.BizTalk.MessageBoxOM.MessageArchive object that was added to Microsoft.BizTalk.MessageBoxOM.dll. Currently, the package is only available through Microsoft Support.
There are a few things that this KB Article does not describe: remember that the Microsoft.BizTalk.MessageBoxOM.dll file is in the GAC. Currently, Visual Studio.NET 2003 does not allow you to add references to components in the GAC. To get past this, you can choose one alternative between these two solutions:
1 - Extract the dll from the GAC to a place where you can add reference to it (perhaps C:\)
In a DOS prompt, run the following command:
copy %systemroot%\assembly\GAC\Microsoft.BizTalk.MessageBoxOM\\Microsoft.BizTalk.MessageBoxOM.dll
Where has been replaced by the path to your BizTalk project's directory (for instance C:\MyProject)
2 - Manually edit the Visual Studio Project file (.csproj,.btsproj,.etc)
To add a reference to this assembly you must edit the project file (.csproj,.btproj,.etc) in a text editor. The following code snippet shows the code that must be added to the reference element of the project file to reference the assembly:
 Name = "Microsoft.BizTalk.MessageBoxOM"
 AssemblyName = "Microsoft.BizTalk.MessageBoxOM"
 HintPath = "\assembly\GAC\Microsoft.BizTalk.MessageBoxOM\\Microsoft.BizTalk.MessageBoxOM.dll"


The Real Cost of a Truck Roll
Back to Top
If you're a utility estimating the cost to roll a truck, you're likely low-balling the amount. Many utilities take an ultra-conservative guess, claiming truck rolls each average $250 to $500. But the reality is, there are many factors that can cause the cost to escalate quickly.
Labor makes up the bulk of truck-roll costs, and these totals can vary dramatically based on time, conditions, and labor grade. The sheer distance from your service center to the fault will affect the number labor hours you're paying for—short or long. On one side of the spectrum, short trip times have to meet a minimum number of hours to justify the crew call out. On the other side, if your service centers aren't distributed in the area or if faults occur on the edge of the grid, it could take linemen a few hours to reach the job site. Round trip, that could add up to an entire day's pay solely in drive time.
You might try to predict costs based on time, but the problem is, these calculations are often based on a "good day scenario." Many faults or issues occur on the "bad days," when there are high winds, torrential rains, or relentless snow, resulting in a stack of multiple work orders that must be prioritized. With these conditions, it takes longer to drive, longer to patrol the line, and longer to "work down the list" and make repairs. As the hours add up and the weather gets worse, labor rates can bump up to overtime and hazard pay.
In addition to labor, there's the cost of materials, including the truck itself, along with gas and insurance. Whether you charge trucks per job or if you are budgeting these items under general operation and maintenance, they're still considered as a cost around each truck roll, no matter from which line item you're pulling the money.
While these are the hard dollars to send a truck and crew out, there's also the opportunity cost. When your system goes down, you're losing the revenue you would have gained if your system had stayed online. Your linemen's time is going toward making repairs instead of executing more profitable tasks. So the cost of the truck roll can be more than just the labor hours and materials; it could be the difference between what you spent and what you could have earned or accomplished elsewhere.
And then there's the cost utilities rarely consider: is the call out for the truck real? The majority of faults on overhead lines are temporary in nature, so many times utilities will roll a truck and crew to a location where ultimately there is "no cause found." Not addressing these cause-less situations is senseless. Like raking leaves in a windstorm or shoveling sand in the desert, you feel productive because you're working, but what's the point? Eliminating needless truck rolls eliminates needless work and needless expense. It's an outdated view to believe that rolling a truck for a temporary fault is just a cost of doing business. Investing in equipment upgrades and better protection strategies will eradicate the unneeded truck roll expense—for good.
No matter the final dollar amount, every truck roll generates an expense to you. More importantly, each time you roll a truck, you're putting your linemen—your own employees—in harm's way. If you can implement strategies that save needless truck rolls—saving your linemen from risk and saving you money every day—why wouldn't you?
I'd be interested in learning what your thoughts are about managing truck rolls more effectively in the Comments section below.
Jerry Yakel
Data de Publicação
março 20, 2017


Check your search results here
Deputy Director Job NGO Kenya
Position: Deputy Country director, Somalia Mission.
Action contre la Faim (ACF) was founded by a group of prominent French figures in response to the emergency caused by Afghan refugees fleeing to Pakistan to escape fighting in 1979, with the aim of eradicating hunger in a more global, lasting and effective way worldwide.
The organisation focuses its activities on an integrated approach, taking various aspects into account: "Nutrition, health and healthcare practices", "Food security and livelihoods", "Water, sanitation and hygiene" and "Advocacy and awareness-raising"
Location: Somalia mission based on Nairobi
Incorporation date: April 2011
Overall Objectives:
Continuous analysis of the humanitarian context and definition of strategic programming:
* Collect Information and analysis from external sources and from technical coordinators
* Ensure information is analyzed and provide relevant future propositions for geographic and sectoral interventions throughout the country to Country Director (CD) in a timely fashion.
* Identify humanitarian needs, brief the mission team and design potential responses within the operational country strategy
* Lead the definition of the framework and orientation of strategic programming in collaboration with the CD and the Desk
* Contribute to the identification of potential funding opportunities
* Produce the program related part of the mission situation report
* Contribute to the design and implementation of the Missions advocacy strategy
Overall management of implementation, design and reporting of Somalia programs
* Initiate and supervise design and development of WASH and Food Security programs in Somalia until such Programs would require dedicated HR
* Ensure integration and synergy of ACF programming at coordination and base level through promotion of regular coordination meetings and information sharing between field and coordination office
* Ensure program objectives are met and timelines, budgets, donor guidelines are respected by the Program Staff and Coordinators
* Ensure APR are delivered on a monthly basis for each project
* Compilation and pre-final validation of programmes sections of proposals and reports (donors and authorities).
* Supervise the design and implementation of tools to launch needs assessments and initiate new programs in a remote management setup
* Supervise the design and implementation of tools and procedures to monitor and evaluate ACF field activities in a remote management setup.
* Extensively train and coach Base Officers on ACF programming approach, PCM and program monitoring tools
* Lead ACF technical planning for contingency and emergency response programs with other stakeholders
* Liaise and coordinate with stakeholders on ACF activities when necessary
Human Resources Management and Capacity Building
* Provide training and guidance to all program staff on operational management of programs
* Contribute to the career development for Program Staff in collaboration with the HR department in order to identify needs of training and develop training plans
* Conduct regular evaluations of Technical Coordinators / Program Managers and contribute to regular evaluations of Base Officers (in collaboration with CD)
* Revise all job descriptions for technical positions in collaboration with coordinators and CD as needed
* Deliver induction to all incoming staff on projects' status and background country program strategy
* Overall responsible for providing the Human Resources Budgeting input to the HR Coordo with the support of the technical coordinators
* Initiate disciplinary measures where needed in accordance with HR regulations and under the authority of CD
Acting CD in the absence of the CD
* Be the acting CD in his/her absence and ensure the continuation of overall mission management under direct supervision of the Desk Officer.
* Participate in the management of Mission Security & Safety in conjunction with the Security Coordinator and under direct supervision of the Desk Officer.
* Be the focal point at mission level for external contacts such as Partners, Stakeholders, Donors and Media in the absence of the CD.
* Significant experience in humanitarian and emergency/early recovery program management.
* Minimum 5 years humanitarian work in developing or emergency context.
* Minimum 3 years humanitarian experience in a senior management / coordination role.
* Experience with ACF is desirable
* Excellent human resource management skills.
* Advanced knowledge of donors' guidelines/procedures.
* Experienced in working with private funding and foundations.
* Excellent organizational, leadership and motivation/training skills.
* Able to set own deadlines and meet them consistently.
* Proven experience in proposal writing and budget development.
* Fluent in oral and written English (professional English required).
* Excellent communication skills.
* Excellent writing and analytical skills.
* Excellent training skills – proven competencies in providing Training of Trainers
* Excellent business management and representation competencies.
* Long-term contract, provided by ACF according to the French legislation.
* All expenses paid on the field: travel out/return, collective or individual accommodation depending on position, meals and hygiene expenses
* ACF will pay for the family living depending on position and mission
* Program Managers: Monthly salary ranging from €1800 to €2425 (depending on relevant experience)
* Allowance of €200 paid on the mission
* Social benefits: Medical, life and accident insurance provided by the institution
* 25 days of annual paid leaves
* 20 days of extra leaves per year (taken as recovery time breaks of one week every 2 or 4 months depending on the mission) + break allowances
* Pre departure training of two weeks, at the HQ in Paris
How to apply
Please, send your CV and cover letter to Camille DARDE under references DEPUTYCD-0211:
Closing date: 22 Apr 2011
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.... and what to look for
Notice the difference in how flat these primers are.
Examining the flatness of your fired primers is the best way to read
chamber pressure. It's important to keep an eye on this when you're reloading. These 4 fired cases clearly show the different degrees
of chamber pressure, and this is an accurate representation when reloading any caliber. If you pay close attention to your fired cases, and
you slowly work your way to hotter loads, you'll avoid seeing any of the "serious" pressure signs.
Some brands of primers have a noticeably harder cup than others. This difference in hardness can cause a slight
variation in your pressure readings. Seating bullets too short or too long will affect chamber pressure considerably, and some types of powder
will increase pressure as the outside temperature increases. When you develop maximum loads in the winter, beware of the pressure increase
when using those handloads in the heat of summer.
- Very mild load (this is too mild).
- Mild load.
- This is an ideal load (could go just a bit hotter).
- Absolute Maximum load (approach this pressure very carefully).


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(HealthDay)—For patients with esophageal cancer undergoing resection, surgeon volume, but not hospital volume, is independently associated with prognosis, according to research published online Jan. 7 in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
To examine the influence of hospital and surgeon volume on survival after esophageal cancer surgery, Maryam Derogar, M.D., of the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, and colleagues conducted a population-based cohort study involving 1,335 patients with esophageal cancer who underwent esophageal resection in 1987 to 2005. Participants were followed for survival until February 2011.
The researchers found that annual hospital volume was not independently associated with overall survival, and after adjustment for hospital clustering effects, hospital volume was not associated with short-term mortality. Mortality occurring at least three months after surgery was significantly reduced with a combination of higher annual and cumulative surgeon volume, with a hazard ratio of 0.78 for surgeons with both annual and cumulative volume above versus below the median. The association persisted after adjustment for hospital and surgeon clustering.
"In conclusion, this large and population-based cohort study provided evidence that long-term survival is independently influenced by surgeon volume but not hospital volume," the authors write.
Explore further: Centralization to fewer surgeons results in better survival after esophageal cancer surgery
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A team of researchers compare 15 king penguins and find out that penguins from areas of high human disturbance are less stressed by noise and approaching humans.
King penguins tolerate some, but not all, human interference. Research published in BioMed Central's open access journal, BMC Ecology, investigated the adjustment of a king penguin colony on the protected Possession Island in the subantarctic Crozet Archipelago to over 50 years of constant human disturbance, reported sciencedaily.com.
A team of researchers from the University of Strasbourg and the University of Lausanne compared 15 king penguins breeding in areas disturbed daily by humans and 18 penguins breeding in undisturbed areas. All penguins selected were brooding a chick aged from two days to one month.
Using heart rate to indicate the stress level of each penguin, they compared the stress response of penguins from the different areas to three stressors. Two low intensity stressors, a human approach to 10 meters and a loud noise, mimicked the actions of tourists, researchers and noises from machines when operating on the outskirts of the colony. One high intensity stressor, a capture, simulated researchers taking measurements.
Compared with penguins from undisturbed areas, penguins from areas of high human disturbance were less stressed by noise and approaching humans, but following capture, their maximum relative heart rate increased 42 percent although they then recovered faster.