Accessory Dwelling Units
Guide to Developing Accessory Dwelling Units
An Accessory Dwelling Unit (ADU), also known by other terms such as a laneway house, granny flat, or mother in law unit, is a separate housing unit on the same lot as a typical single family house. It can be either attached or detached from the main house. It could be rented out to a tenant, or it could be provided for free to the homeowner's friends or family.
ADUs are self-contained dwellings. That means an ADU should provide space for cooking, sleeping, and using the bathroom.
ADUs have a long history in Bremerton. They were a popular form of housing since the days of World War 2, when Bremerton's population boomed and housing was desperately needed. However, because many of those historical ADUs were small and built cheaply and quickly, they were not often considered in a positive light. Most people can imagine the benefit of having an ADU on their property, whether for housing their loved ones who can no longer live independently, or gaining additional income from rent. However, in recent decades the Zoning Code limited ADU construction, and many property owners that wanted to accommodate an ADU on their property were blocked from doing so.
In December of 2020, the City of Bremerton took a huge step forward and made it easier than ever to establish an ADU (Ordinance No. 5410). This page will help you to determine whether an ADU is feasible for your property, and inform you of the City's requirements for ADUs. Below is a table showing some quick standards for ADU construction. Click here for a helpful guidebook that will walk you through developing an ADU. If you have any questions, please contact the Department of Community Development at or _PHONE_.
What is an ADU? An additional, accessory dwelling unit on a lot with an existing principal unit added to or created for use as a complete, independent or semi-independent living unit with provisions for cooking, eating, sanitation and sleeping.
What areas of the City are ADUs permitted? An ADU may be permitted anywhere a new or existing single-family dwelling unit is allowed. ADUs are exempt from the density requirements of the underlying zone.
What is the maximum size of an ADU (square footage)? An ADU is limited to one thousand (1,000) square feet or not more than sixty (60) percent of the principal unit's total habitable floor area, whichever is greater.
 - If the primary residence is greater than 1667 square feet, an ADU can be 60% of its size.
 - If the primary residence is 1667 square feet or less, an ADU can be up to 1000 square feet.
How many ADUs can a property have? Each property can have a one (1) single family home and two (2) ADUs, for a maximum total of three (3) dwelling units. These ADUs can be either detached or attached to the single family home.
Must the owner live on site? No, owner occupancy is not required.
Is parking required for an ADU? The first ADU is not required to provide an additional off-street parking space. The site must comply with Chapter 20.48 BMC - that means the two (2) paved parking spaces for the single family home must be provided. A 2nd ADU must provide an additional paved parking space, for a total of three (3) spaces.
What are the required yards (setbacks & development coverage)? In the R-10 zone, the minimum front and rear yard setbacks are 15 feet, and the side yard setbacks are 5 feet. Contact a Planner to determine your zone.
An ADU must comply with the development standards of the underlying zone for the principal unit including setbacks, height, and lot coverage. However:
 - An ADU can be placed directly on the rear property line, if it abuts an alley.
 - An ADU can be as close as 3 feet from the side property lines, as long as the wall closest to the property line is built according to fire separation standards.
What are the design standards for ADUs? ADUs must preserve the appearance of the main house as a single-family dwelling,and the design of an ADU should blend into the existing house or the neighborhood. That means no duplex-like designs, and nothing that sticks out like a sore thumb. Try to design an ADU so that the materials used complement the design of the main house.


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How do I transfer a ticket to someone else?
If a guest requests that a purchased ticket be transferred to someone else, just follow these simple steps below:
1. Open the RSVPs tab in the toolbar to the left of your event page.
2. Find the attendee to edit.
3. Click the pencil icon, which will appear towards the right side of the purchase information.
4. Within that pop-up, enter the Edit Attendee tab.
5. Update the First Name, Last Name, and Email Address.
Pro-tip: If you would like an email notification (with ticket) to be sent to the guest, select the checkbox for "Send email with ticket to user upon save."
6. Click Save.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Teledyne LeCroy claims to be the only provider of CAN FD measurement and graphing capabilities, and was the first to provide a trigger and decode solution for CAN FD. CAN and CAN FD Symbolic analysis packages allow a user-defined.dbc file to be used for Symbolic triggering, decoding, measurements, and graphing of a CAN or CAN FD bus. This creates a more user-friendly environment for CAN developers to work in and removes the need for a manual lookup or conversion from the typical hexadecimal or binary format. All Teledyne LeCroy CAN FD trigger and decode packages support both ISO and non-ISO frames per the ISO 11898-1 standard.
The ability to perform analysis directly on the Symbolic layer will greatly increase efficiency when working with Teledyne LeCroy's CAN toolset. When debugging using the oscilloscope to trigger on the Symbolic layer, it is simple to isolate a particular troublesome sequence of events by triggering on a specific message or range of values for a given message. The CAN and CAN FD decoders create an intuitive colour-coded overlay directly on top of the physical layer waveform helping to identify the different sections of the frame and rapidly flag any errors. Teledyne LeCroy offers the unique ability to take CAN and CAN FD analysis to the next level by using the.dbc file to extract the encoded values to perform precise timing measurements which correlate to specific occurrences on the bus. Furthermore, these extracted values can be plotted to provide a visual representation of how behaviour is changing over time. The combination of these tools provide new levels of insight into CAN systems, correlating physical layer signals and protocol layer data on a single display while also measuring and plotting bus performance.
Teledyne LeCroy also offers the ability to decode four buses simultaneously. These four buses can be a combination of any protocols, including CAN FD and classic CAN at the same time. Decoded


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This paper presents work conducted to date on the development of a voice activated command and control framework specifically for the control of remote devices in a ubiquitous computing environment. The prototype device is a Java controlled Lego Mindstorm robot. The research considers three different scenario configurations. A recognition grammar for command and control of the robot has been created and implemented in Java, in part in the recognition engine and in part on the robot. The physical topology involves Java at each node endpoint, that is, at the handheld PC (iPaq), the PC workstation, the Linux server and onboard the robot (including its Java based Lejos OS). Network communications is primarily WLAN with an element of IR where the robot is concerned. The speech recognition software used includes Sphinx4, Microsoft SAPI and the Java Speech API. We compare these speech technologies and present their benefits in the context of this research. For each given scenario we present and discuss the implementation challenges encountered and their corresponding solutions. We outline our future plans to create additional grammars to extend the frameworks range of devices.
Ayres, Tony and Nolan, Brian
"Voice Activated Command and Control with Speech Recognition over Wireless Networks,"
The ITB Journal:
2, Article 4.
Available at: _URL_


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Navy pump house, Little Chebeague Island, 1947Item 67320 info
National Archives at Boston
The Navy used similar shipboard firefighting trainers at schools around the world through the Vietnam War era.
An apparently insignificant relic on the shore of a small island in Casco Bay was crucial to successful firefighting efforts on Navy ships in World War II.
In two years of operation, the Chebeague Island school trained some 15,000 sailors.
After the war, the government sold the island to a private investor. The state purchased it in 1972.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Catholic churches in paris
How many Catholic churches are in Paris?
Since religion implies having places of worship, centuries of Catholicism have brought about no less than 50,000 churches in the French territory; the city of Paris alone almost has 200 of them!
What famous cathedral is found in Paris?
Notre-Dame de Paris
What is the most famous church in France?
Notre Dame de Paris
What is the oldest church in Paris?
The Church of Saint-Germain-des-Près is the city's oldest church and the very heart of the vibrant neighborhood.
Are most French Catholic?
Estimates of the proportion of Catholics range between 41% and 88% of France's population, with the higher figure including lapsed Catholics and " Catholic atheists". The Catholic Church in France is organised into 98 dioceses, which in 2012 were served by 7,000 sub-75 priests.
What percentage of Italy is Catholic?
Which church burned down in Paris?
Daily newspaper "20 Minutes" featured another heart-wrenching image of the cathedral ablaze with text, which translates to English as " Notre Dame Devastated." Another daily paper, "Le Parisien," will print the headline, "Our Lady of Tears" in French on their front page Tuesday.
What are the oldest buildings in Paris?
How many churches are in Paris?
197 churches
What is the oldest church in the world?
You might be interested: When did the roman catholic church start
Is Notre Dame a Catholic church?
What is the name of this famous monument in Paris?
the Eiffel Tower
What is the oldest part of Paris?


7 words with different meanings on the farm
By Julie Tomascik Same words. Different meanings. Agriculture is full of them—those homonyms that can confuse us. Farmers and ranchers seem to speak their own language sometimes. Jargon. Technical words. Or just words that mean something different to you. It's a learning process for sure. We've all been there. Endured the vocabulary tests. Learned the [...]


text: Firms are increasingly opening up their innovation efforts to allow users to tap into the benefits they can offer, such as mobile data service (MDS) innovation on iOS and Google Android platforms. For this purpose, platforms typically provide toolkits to facilitate user participation, aiming to create an ecosystem for sustainable innovation. However, with the barriers to user innovation and attrition of existing innovators, it could be challenging for firms to attract and sustain users' MDS innovation. With the possible benefits from user innovation, and considering the challenges faced, firms need to understand how to influence potential user innovators to take part and to encourage extant user innovators to innovate again. However, there is a lack of comprehensive research and understanding of what drives users' intentions to innovate services and the differences in the antecedents of such intention between potential and actual user innovators. Further, although prior studies have suggested that toolkits can support user innovation, little research has theorized and empirically tested their influence. Motivated thus, this study proposes a model based on (1) user innovation theory to explain the antecedents (including toolkit support) of user MDS innovation intention and (2) construal level theory to explain the differential effects of the antecedents for actual and potential user innovators. We tested the model through survey data from potential and actual MDS user innovators on Google Android and iOS platforms. We find that trend leadership and anticipated extrinsic reward influence both potential and actual user innovators' intentions to innovate. However, anticipated recognition and toolkit support affect only actual user innovators, while anticipated enjoyment affects only potential user innovators. Interestingly, toolkit support strengthens the influence of anticipated enjoyment for actual user innovators but weakens its influence for potential user innovators. Further, potential user innovators value anticipated extrinsic rewards less than actual innovators do. The implications for research and practice are discussed.


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Promised glory and unity of HTML5 API is falling apart. API keeps breaking with every new version of browser. That's sad.
Firefox and Google Chrome implemented File API for manipulating with files. It contained very useful function slice.
Slice allowed you to read part of file content. This was quite handy when dealing with big files.
Poorly chosen name for API function caused split in browsers unity. Here is explanation:
This method was removed in Gecko 5.0 (Firefox 5.0) because its syntax differs from that of Array.slice() and String.slice(). Work is ongoing on standardizing its replacement, but for now you can use the mozSlice() method on Gecko-based browsers.
Method was replaced by:
mozSlice – in Firefox
webkitSlice – in Google Chrome
There is one important difference in the second parameter of function:
In case of slice it was length of block that should be loaded.
In case of *Slice it is the end position of block (length + start position).


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Alberta Contact Information
Alberta Energy Regulator
The Alberta Energy Regulator (AER) ensures the safe, efficient, orderly, and environmentally responsible development of hydrocarbon resources over their entire life cycle. This includes allocating and conserving water resources, managing public lands, and protecting the environment while providing economic benefits for all Albertans.
Environment and Sustainable Resource Development
Alberta Environment and Sustainable Resource Development (ESRD) is the Government of Alberta department responsible for protecting and enhancing Alberta's natural environment, while ensuring responsible resource development.
AER Contact Information
Suite 1000, 250 –
5 Street SW
Calgary, AB T2P 0R4
ESRD Contact Information
To call toll free within Alberta dial _PHONE_


Why Do Mice and Hamsters Love Wheels In Cages and How Do They Know How To Use Them?
Mice and hamsters have an instinctual need to run whenever they can.
why do hamsters love wheels
Their metabolism is fast, and they burn off energy almost as fast as they consume food. Fortunately too, mice are quick learners.
Curiosity leads them to the wheel to explore. Once on the wheel, it doesn't take long for them to reach upward and roll a couple of times.
They soon learn that the wheel will move continuously, satisfying their need for physical activity.
About Karen Hill
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How to Use the VAM Web Site Simulations with
There are two ways that you can use the simulations on the VAM web
site in Powerpoint presentations depending on whether you have fast
Internet access in the lecture room.
If you have fast Internet access in the lecture room:
Create a slide with hypertext that points to a URL for the simulation
that you want to use. During the lecture, click on the hypertext to
access the desired simulation. Run the simulation. When you are done
using the simulation, use the back arrow button on your web browser
toolbar to return to your slide show.
If you do NOT have fast Internet access in the lecture room:
STEP1. To teach with the desired simulation in an area without fast
Internet access, first access the simulation from a laptop, notebook
or portable computer at a nearby location with Internet access. Once
the simulation is working the computer can be disconnected from the
Internet. Make sure your battery has sufficient charge for the trip.
Keeping your portable computer powered and your web-browser running,
transport the computer to the location without Internet access and you
should be able to use the simulation there. If you will use the VAM
simulation and your laptop goes into "sleep" mode, click on
"Reset" (on the orange column on the right of the VAM simulation
screen) and then "Pause Simulation" (an instructor VAM feature)
before transport. When you arrive at the lecture hall, click on "Reset"
before using the VAM simulation.
STEP 2. Create your Powerpoint presentation and create a page with placeholder
text to remind you to go to the simulation. Open your Powerpoint slide
show. When you get to the reminder slide, press the "Alt"
and "Tab" buttons simultaneously. A series of icons representing
the different programs running should be displayed. To navigate to and
select the desired program, keep the "Alt" key down while
pressing and releasing the "Tab" key until the desired icon
is selected. When the icon representing the browser running the simulation
is selected, a square will appear aroud the "e" icon if you
are using Microsoft Internet Explorer. When the desired icon is selected,
release the "Tab" key to bring that program "to the front".
When you are done using the simulation, use the "Alt"/"Tab"
key combination to select the Powerpoint slide show icon and resume
Please address any questions or comments to Sem


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Last Updated: Tuesday - 01/04/2011
February 19, 2001
School district to launch native education project
WESTERN CATHOLIC REPORTER
EDMONTON — Aboriginal students have a hard time adapting to city schools, a situation that often translates into low academic achievement, a high dropout rate and low self-esteem.
Statistics show aboriginal students are struggling in the school system. Their high school graduation rate is about 52 per cent in Alberta compared to 72 per cent for non-aboriginal students.
What makes it even harder for aboriginal students is that the curriculum doesn't reflect their cultural heritage.
That's all about to change as Edmonton Catholic Schools plans to address the problem with the help of a $1.6 million grant from Alberta Learning.
The purpose of the ambitious project is to help aboriginal students achieve higher success, said Bob Steele, division principal in aboriginal education.
"What we are trying to do is work on ways that all our schools can be more effective in working with aboriginal students."
The two-year pilot project and research study, beginning in September, will find ways to increase academic achievement among aboriginal students and lower their almost 50 per cent high school dropout rate, explained native education consultant Louise Breland.
"The idea is to make schools more responsive to the needs of aboriginal students."
A study conducted last year shows aboriginal parents and students want a better kindergarten to Grade 12 school program but they don't necessarily want a segregated school, noted Steele.
"About 90 per cent of aboriginal parents and students want to be able to go to their neighbourhood school with their friends and do well."
Six Edmonton Catholic schools, including elementary, junior high and high schools, will be picked for the project from about 15 that have expressed interest in participating. The final cut will be made in mid-March.
Grant money will be used to train teachers and staff in cultural awareness so they become more sensitive to aboriginal students' needs and make them feel more welcome in the schools.
Liaison workers will be hired to work closely with families and increase their involvement in the school life. "Parents want to feel that they can come to school and feel welcomed and wanted there too," Steele said.
Libraries will carry books by aboriginal authors and all classes will include aboriginal culture so students can see themselves reflected in the curriculum.
"For me, this is very much an issue of social justice and it's about time we had the financial support to tackle it," Breland said.
Steele said the project's research study component will be shared with schools across Alberta.
"I guess what the research will do is tell us what works and what doesn't when it comes to having this group of students come to school and do well and feel good about it."
There are about 1,500 aboriginal students in the Edmonton Catholic school system.
Copyright © 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 -- Western Catholic Reporter
Our mission: To serve our readers by bringing the Gospel to bear on current issues in the Church and in secular culture through accurate news coverage and reflective commentary.


Category:905 Traffic Studies
From Engineering_Policy_Guide
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This article brings together the different traffic studies typically performed by MoDOT engineers. Since traffic engineering concepts include roadway conditions, roadway designs, signing, striping, traffic control and so on, this article provides a single source on how to gather data for a traffic study and EPG links to implement resulting countermeasures.
Articles in "905 Traffic Studies"


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【本期主题】Rainy Day Liquidity
Insurance companies collectively hold nearly one-third of corporate bonds, making it critical to understand their roles in the corporate bond market: liquidity providers or consumers? In this study, we coin a new term "rainy day liquidity providers" for the potential role of insurance companies – with cash flow from core business activities, insurers may provide liquidity to the sell side in times of market stress. Our empirical findings present strong support to rainy day liquidity provision hypothesis. First, based on widely used bond liquidity measures, we find that, on average, insurer corporate bond purchases improve bond liquidity while it is not the case for insurer bond sales. Second, breaking the sample down into bonds of different rating groups, maturity groups, crisis and non-crisis periods, we show that liquidity provision by insurers is much stronger in stressful conditions. Finally, we present evidence that rainy day liquidity provision effect goes beyond bonds purchased by insurers – the liquidity of bonds with similar characteristics to the purchased (sold) bonds also increases during stressful periods.
【报告人】Tong Yu 教授， University of Cincinnati
Tong Yu is a Professor of Finance in the Lindner School of Business at the University of Cincinnati. His research and teaching have been focused on asset pricing, financial risk management, insurance, and behavior of institutional investors. He published academic journals such as the Journal of Financial Economics, Journal of Accounting Research, Journal of Financial Intermediation, Journal of Banking and Finance, and Journal of Risk and Insurance, and practitioner journals including the Financial Analyst Journal and Journal of Insurance Regulations. Dr. Yu received the Early Career Scholarly Achievement Award from the American Risk and Insurance Association in 2011. Before joining UC, he was a professor of finance at the University of Rhode Island.


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|This article does not cite any references or sources. (March 2007)|
Discan is both a scale and a method in clinical psychology. As a scale, it is a type of ordered-metric scaling that yields a scale with internal reliability, and scale-points in excess of the number of initial anchors, more than would be the case with the Likert scale, though not as many as are achieved by the Analog scale.
For example, four descriptive anchor-levels yield 14 scale-points. In Louis Thurstone's tradition, it is scored by paired-comparisons. Seeking optimality, it is a compromise between the competing merits and demerits of the Likert scale and the Analog scale. Its use in clinical psychology derives from the influence of the late M.B. Shapiro.
For more detail, see Nomothetic and Idiographic
|This psychology-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|


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Definition of fluency
n. - The quality of being fluent; smoothness; readiness of utterance; volubility. 2
The word "fluency" uses 7 letters: C E F L N U Y.
No direct anagrams for fluency found in this word list.
Adding one letter to fluency does not form any other word in this word list.
List shorter words within fluency, sorted by length
All words formed from fluency by changing one letter
Browse words starting with fluency by next letter


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In this paper we investigate the performance of a Fourier based algorithm for fast subpixel shift determination of two mutually shifted images subjected to noise. The algorithm will be used for Shack-Hartmann based adaptive optics correction of images of an extended object subjected to dynamical atmospheric fluctuations. The performance of the algorithm is investigated both analytically and by Monte Carlo simulations. Good agreement is achieved in relation to how the precision of the shift estimate depends on image parameters such as contrast, photon counts and readout noise, as well as the dependence on sampling format, zero-padding and field of view. Compared to the conventional method for extended object wavefront sensing, a reduction of the computational cost is gained at a marginal expense of precision.
© 2005 Optical Society of America
Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.


SpongeBob SquarePants
Aliens (SpongeHenge)
on ESB
N. Unofficial Name
General information
Address: Pacific Ocean
Interests: Tourism
Physical appearance
Color: Purple
Eye Color: Green
Series information
First appearance: "SpongeHenge"
Latest appearance: "SpongeHenge"
List of characters
The Aliens appear at the end of "SpongeHenge," looking at the sculptures SpongeBob SquarePants made. They are purple and have an extra eye on their forehead.
 - They live in the 51st century which is 10 centuries later after the future in "SB-129."
 - There are two things that may happened that why are aliens instead of fish.
Angry Jack close-up
"We paid ten dollars for this?"
Wikia Spotlight
Random Wiki


Pearlescent honey
Thanks, Robert!
Iridescent honey. © Robert Lunsford.
It seems like magic. © Robert Lunsford.
Is my honey safe to eat?
Is it safe to eat honey from a hive with mites?
Is it safe to eat honey after my bees absconded?
Is the honey from a dead hive safe to eat?
I would shrug, trying to imagine something worse.
"Of course!" he said. "That's why were pressing them for cider!"
What lurks within?
Meadowfoam honey?
Stinky honey
"Help! My bees need a bath!"
"My honey stinks."
"There's a foul smell coming from my hive entrance."
"I have reeky bees."
"My bees are collecting rancid nectar."
"My hive smells like my husband's gym locker."
Every autumn a large number of beekeepers report stinky honey. The source of the smell is nectar, most probably from plants in the aster family, including goldenrod and small daisy-like flowers that grow in clusters.
When your bees start to dry this nectar into honey the smell can be overwhelming and somewhat startling. It's just not the odor you expect from your sweet bees.
Although goldenrod, dandelion, and aster honeys are often not favorites, they aren't terrible, and they taste nothing like the odor they give off. Nevertheless, many beekeepers prefer to let the bees keep the aster honey for themselves.
This actually works quite well since asters are largely fall-flowing plants. Beekeepers can harvest in early fall and then let the bees keep the fall honey for overwintering.
Some beekeepers fear AFB when they smell aster nectar, but the odors are quite different. Aster nectar has been described as musty, musky, funky, rank, moldy, sour, and rancid. AFB has more of a dead animal smell... think rotting meat or fly-riddled carcass on the side of the road.
If you are uncertain, look at your capped brood. If your brood is healthy-looking you are probably smelling aster honey. If you see shrunken brood caps, discoloration, holes in the caps, and the brood frames smell like death, then you need to test for AFB.
Asters by photofarmer
Many plants in the Asteraceae family produce odoriferous honey. Flickr photo by photofarmer.
How long does it take bees to change sugar syrup to honey?
A really, really long time. In fact, it ain't gonna happen. Not ever. Sugar syrup is made from table sugar, sucrose, which is a disaccharide of fructose and glucose. Honey is made from the nectar of flowers. Bees are clever, but not clever enough to make honey from plain old sucrose.
Honey has many things in it—all derived from the plants which produced the nectar. These components include other sugars as well as trace amounts of vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals, antioxidants, and flavorful compounds. It is all these optional extras that give honey its flavor, aroma, and color.
Bees will collect sugar syrup, dehydrate it, and store it as if it were nectar. What they end up with, however, is dehydrated and capped sugar syrup—not honey.


Shadow-free light guaranteed. Unlike traditional multi-bulb surgical lights, HyLite 6 series produces light with perfect shadow reduction. It achieves this using only one bulb attached to a parabolic reflector composed of thousands of facets which function like miniature mirrors. Every facet receives light and projects it onto the operating field. Light rays projected from every facet make up a light column that is uniformly projected on every corner of the operating field, thus ensuring a shadowless field, even if a surgeon is standing directly under the light.
 - HyLite generates minimized disturbance in two ways: firstly, it features a smooth outline that hides the encircling grips; secondly, it consumes so little power that the warming effect on the outer surface is extremely low
 - HyLite employs a state-of-the-art reflector to produce a perfect light column that presents a depth of illumination up to 1,200mm (L1+L2, as defined by IEC 60601-2-41)
 - HyLite has two identical bulbs, one in operation and the other standing by. If the bulb in use fails, HyLite will switch to the backup bulb in 0.2 seconds and and move it into the working position. A surgeon will not perceive any difference in either illumination or light field center


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Budget and Spending:
Redesigning Shipping Containers To Reduce Food Costs
CED-78-81, Apr 28, 1978
The cost of food distribution is an important element in food costs. Processed and fresh products for retail sale are transported in shipping containers to their destinations. The variety of container sizes and shapes has made it difficult to develop efficient handling techniques.
Modularization, a concept that geometrically relates food shipping container sizes to one another, offers a way of reducing food costs. This concept has been used in European countries with good results, but little has been done in the United States to implement such standardization. If used, it would permit more efficient transportation and handling of goods, eliminating wasted space and resulting in less damage to goods. Because of diverse package sizes and large capital investments in the packaging industry, modularization can involve high initial equipment costs, but costs can be reduced as size changes are coordinated with new products and normal equipment replacement. Manufacturers would bear the greatest burden of conversion costs and benefit least, while wholesalers would benefit most. Conversion to the metric system would simplify geometric relationships which could help in modularization. If the food industry should convert to the metric system, some manufacturers may design new packages in modular units. Increased food system efficiency could lead to lower food prices, but with neither government nor industry promoting modularization, this is unlikely.
- Review Pending
- Closed - implemented
- Closed - not implemented
Recommendation for Executive Action
Recommendation: The Department of Agriculture should initiate the advancement of modularization and enlist the participation of the food industry. Such an effort should include: (1) identifying and quantifying costs and benefits of modularization; (2) determining the most feasible method to coordinate modularization with industry changes; (3) exploring with the food industry what further steps may be necessary; and (4) obtaining the assistance of the National Bureau of Standards. The U.S. Metric Board, when formed, should consider modularization in actions to change food package sizes. Congress should examine the status of efforts to coordinate metrication and modularization and examine food industry progress toward modularization. (HTW)
Comments: Please call 202/_PHONE_ for additional information.


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To enter, fourth through 12th grade students should write personal letters to authors, living or dead, from any genre explaining how those authors' work changed the students' way of thinking about the world or themselves.
Finalists will be chosen by a panel of judges from throughout the state. The finalists' entries will be submitted to the Library of Congress for the national competition.
Last year's Letters About Literature contest resulted in 1,097 entries, up from 42 entries in 2008 before the State Library was a sponsor.
"We are so pleased with the increase in student participation in Letters About Literature since we became a sponsor two years ago. This particular program is an exceptional way for us to encourage our youth to read," State Librarian Rebecca Hamilton said. "Because participation in the contest requires reflective reading, the contest emphasizes the personal rewards to be gained from the reading experience."
Louisiana language arts teachers and home-school instructors along with school, public children and public young adult librarians are encouraged to visit the Letters About Literature website for more information and lessons plans, and to incorporate Letters About Literature into their curricula and programming.
Submissions must be sent directly to the national Letters About Literature address, which can be found by visiting the links _URL_ or _URL_.


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Hundreds of years ago, settlers who came to Fort Worth were greeted by rolling prairies for as far as the eye could see. Today, those welcoming fields have been replaced by growing cities and towns, but Botanical Research Institute of Texas (BRIT) remembers this heritage and culture with the annual celebration of Prairie Day.
BRIT's Prairie Day offers family-friendly education about the beauty and importance of the North Texas landscape through hands-on events and activities that kids will love. Kids will be encouraged to get a little dirty as they help to make seed balls, a Prairie Day tradition. Using a Native American technique, visitors will combine seeds, humus, and red clay into tiny packets of life that will be tossed into the fields surrounding BRIT to populate the area with native plants. Imagine the fun of returning to the BRIT next spring to see the plants you helped to grow!
Other activities throughout the day will combine fun family games with opportunities to learn about nature, including face painting, balloon twisting, and a variety of games provided by the Log Cabin Village. In addition, live music and cowboy poets will be on hand to entertain the crowd.
Don't miss these other great activities:
- Beekeeping demonstrations
- Soap and candle making
- Children's coloring contest
- Basket Weaving
- Solar Cooking Demonstrations
- Meet two special guest prairie dogs
The 3rd annual Prairie Day event will be held on Saturday, May 18th from 10 am to 2 pm at BRIT Headquarters 1700 University Drive.


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Code Enforcement & Inspections
You will have an on-demand, web-based solution to manage all code enforcement activities, including:
- Demand and recurring inspections
- Violation issuance and tracking
- Fines and penalties
- Court proceedings
This solution can be used for code enforcement complaints, health and safety, occupancy, fire protection, building management, and more.
Your benefits will include increased convenience for inspectors and other field personnel, increased revenue opportunities, and time savings for all concerned.
View samples of a code enforcement case.
Inspectors can, from the field or in the office:
- Maintain and view up-to-the-minute schedules
- Create and print inspection lists, violation notices, and citations
- Track the status and update code enforcement cases
Office Personnel can automatically:
- Receive and open cases resulting from complaints
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The name Ephraim seems to commonly be given two etymologies, one referring to an "ash heap" and the other referring to "fruitfulness". Example I can understand the fruitfulness etymology linking אֶפְרַיִם back to פָּרָה, but where does the etymology of "ash heap" come from? Are these competing etymological theories, or are they somehow compatible?
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migrated from christianity.stackexchange.com Nov 13 '12 at 15:36
I've added the genesis tag since Joseph gave the name to his second son in Genesis 41:52. The NET Bible explores the meaning of the name, but doesn't mention the "ash heap" definition. +1 for an interesting question. (I hope you'll activate your account here soon and that we'll see you around.) – Jon Ericson Nov 13 '12 at 18:37
4 Answers 4
up vote 6 down vote accepted
I'm not sure this is a answer, certainly if it is, it is speculative. However, it isn't clear why "ash heap" is an option here, because the word clearly derives from the word for fruitfulness. But as we know, words are a lot more than their etymology. They are a network of associations tying together different ideas based on the context in which they are used. Just a a pineapple is neither a pine cone nor an apple, the word stands on its own meaning, and own usage.
However, a couple of points worth considering. First, it is more commonly used of the place name Bethlehem Ephrath. This is the place where Joseph's mother Rachel was buried, Jacob's beloved one. Perhaps the place was named "Fruitful" originally but then became associated with the mourning for Jacob's beloved Rachel -- especially at that time, so close the actual event. Hence the two meanings, originally the literal, later the associated meaning of sadness. Of course ash heap is strongly associated with mourning in the Abrahamic tradition.
The best parallel I can draw is our English word Columbine. The columbine is a beautiful flower found in the woodlands of high altitude states like Colorado. However, now in English when we hear the name we think not of the flower but the tragedy associated with the school of that name. Beauty and terror in one word. Were your name Columbine, what would you think? How would you feel?
Another point that I think is pretty interesting is the context of the verse. The name is given, and its meaning is ambiguous, with the two possible meanings being almost opposites. The name is first given in Gen 41:52, occurring right in the middle of the Egyptian crisis (see the following few verses), seven years of plenty (fruitful), seven years of famine (ash heap.) In the seven years of plenty, and seven years of famine, which did the LORD make Jacob, plentiful or mourning? The fruitful and ash heap ambiguity seems quite poignant in that light I think.
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I was 3 miles from the Columbine school when the incident at the Aurora theatre occurred. – Blessed Geek Nov 14 '12 at 20:05
Pardon me for inserting my less than scholarly conjectures.
Due to the Hebrew words for
 1. Ash
 2. Fruit
In my own words
 1. Ash as an adjectival descriptor
 = Stuff that has been made to be, appear to be like, ash.
 Frequently, in languages including English and Hebrew, we use the adjectival or participle descriptor with an implied object. And then ascribe plural declension to that descriptor. Therefore
 = plurality of such ash-related stuffs.
 Hence, Ephraim
 2. Concoct a 1st person singular hiphil causative to fruit
 = I cause (target) to bear fruit.
 (Is that the way to hiphilize a word ending with yod? I'm not sure).
 And then similarly, ascribe dual or plurality - I doubly/multiply cause (targets) to bear fruit.
Conjecture #2 is less plausible because a pual form might be more appropriate - I am caused to bear fruit - I am fruitful -> I am doubly/multiply fruitful.
Therefore, I vote for conjecture #1 - Plurality of stuffs that have been made into or appear as ash. Which would collide with all the good things biblical/rabbinic scholars have said about the tribe of Ephraim.
Someone with good biblical hebrew could please critique my conjectures.
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BTW, אפר in modern hebrew also mean to put on make-up. Does this come from an ancient source of painting one's face, as I think ancient Egyptians must have practiced. Therefore, the hiphil could imply a make-up artist. – Blessed Geek Nov 14 '12 at 21:09
Ashes for eye shadow? Only a guess. – Bob Jones Nov 27 '12 at 0:48
I looked up אפר in BDB, which led to three references in torah (and more in the rest of tanakh that I didn't chase):
וַיַּעַן אַבְרָהָם, וַיֹּאמַר: הִנֵּה-נָא הוֹאַלְתִּי לְדַבֵּר אֶל-אֲדֹנָי, וְאָנֹכִי עָפָר וָאֵפֶר.
And Abraham answered and said: 'Behold now, I have taken upon me to speak unto the LORD, who am but dust and ashes. (Gen 18:27)
וְאָסַף אִישׁ טָהוֹר, אֵת אֵפֶר הַפָּרָה, וְהִנִּיחַ מִחוּץ לַמַּחֲנֶה...
And a man that is clean shall gather up the ashes of the heifer... (Num 19:9, see also 19:10)
I think the connection to fruitfulness (פָּרָה) is more likely, but perhaps these verses are what support the alternate "ashes" explanation.
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Both fruit and ash come from the two-letter sub-root פֶר.
Sub-roots are not words, though some are occasionally used as such. They are primarily metaphoric concepts which are narrowed by the intersecting ideas of the letters which are added to them.
פֶר means young bull. As such it is the metaphor of the young bull. It is viril (fruitful) and it is the sacrifice (ash heap).
The aleph (אֵ) represents separation (see the heavens and the earth separated by the firmament), so the separated bull is the ash heap. The yud (י) represents the initial spark of creation and when added to the bull becomes fruitfulness.
It is made plural with the suffix. The metaphoric meaning of doubling is that the thing happens in heaven and on earth.
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I'm not familiar with the notion of "sub-roots" having any meaning (any more than that it's meaningful to say that "Bob" and "job" are related just because they have two letters in common). Can you share sources that support that approach? – Gone Quiet Nov 18 '12 at 4:10
Google "Hebrew subroots" to find Jewish sources. Although it is all over the internet now, it was originally only taught to Jewish men over age 40. It is also suggested by rabbis that individual letters have hieroglyphic meanings and that an unknown Hebrew word can be discerned from the meaning of the letters. – Bob Jones Nov 18 '12 at 4:51
In the case of bull it is a two letter word as well as a subroot. – Bob Jones Nov 18 '12 at 4:51
Oh.. and English is not deeply rooted as is Hebrew, so I agree that your example is nonsense. – Bob Jones Nov 18 '12 at 4:56
Sub-roots is a very midrashaesque concept. Meaning they have expository and gematric value in scholarship but not much evidence linguistically. As you can see my similar attempts at hermeneutics.stackexchange.com/questions/2062/… was voted down. Perhaps, whoever voted me down should consider voting this down too - to be fair to me. – Blessed Geek Nov 21 '12 at 2:23
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A simple utility for generating moment.js date format codes. By Ross Hill.
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The 6th of September, 2012 [The] Do [of] MMMM, YYYY


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The questionnaire will be used to evaluate the development and strategic importance of postal e-services at the global level, benchmark the development of postal e-services in UPU member countries, and identify the impact of possible key factors affecting the development of postal e-services.
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Are You Frugal or Cheap? Which One Are You?Yes, there is a difference!
Trust us: there is a huge difference between frugal and cheap!
We use the word "frugal" quite a bit here at SAHM, but how do you know if your frugality is really just you being cheap? With jobs getting harder to come by and money getting tight, the concept of being frugal is something that gets thrown around all the time. Now, it's easy to just be cheap while using frugality as an umbrella term for everything you do, but there's a lot more to being frugal than just buying the cheapest everything.
So what IS the difference? Are you frugal or cheap?
What does being frugal mean?
According to the dictionary, frugality is defined as "the wise and intentional use of money." The key word there is "intentional," and I think that's what really separates the cheapskates from the "frugalers" (which should totally be a word). In my own life, frugality is learning to get the most out of each and every dollar with a specific plan in mind. It is the deliberate decision to be prudent and wise with spending.
And what is being cheap?
On the other hand, when you're cheap, you're just reluctant to spend money at all, even when it's on something that you really need. You could use other words such as tight, miserly, and stingy, but they all describe the same type of person. Most people who are "cheap" are actually selfish and can even be dishonest if it means saving a couple of bucks.
Why? The only thing cheap people care for is keeping their money to themselves despite the possible consequences on other people (or even on themselves).
Let's put it to some examples to really see the clear difference between frugal and cheap.
The Difference Between Frugal And Cheap | Stay At Home Mum
1. Food
A cheap person will buy the food that costs the least, even if it means disregarding all nutritional and health impacts of doing so. A frugal person will prepare a food budget, take their health into account and weigh the pros and cons of spending a little more on something more nutritious.
So a cheap person will probably buy canned food good for a month while a frugal person will spend on fresh fruits and vegetables and figure out how to make food last longer.
The Difference Between Frugal And Cheap | Stay At Home Mum
2. Eating Out
A cheap person will also go out to dinner all the time, but rarely tip for good service using the excuse of not having enough money. On the other hand, a frugal person will plan for the coming month to see when their budget allows for eating out. Of course, the frugal person understands the value of money, so he or she will probably tip well!
The Difference Between Frugal And Cheap | Stay At Home Mum
3. Purchasing Items
A cheap person will buy something on sale even if they don't really need it simply because it's cheaper than it usually is. A frugal person only makes intentional purchases based on planning and necessity. They may buy a cheaper item, but only without sacrificing quality.
The Difference Between Frugal And Cheap | Stay At Home Mum
4. Savings
A cheap person also does not think long-term. They would rather buy water in plastic bottles every day than buy a single glass or stainless steel water bottle. But a frugal person thinks not only of long-term savings but also of the environment.
The Difference Between Frugal And Cheap | Stay At Home Mum
5. Giving Gifts
Oh, and cheap people are notorious for showing up on parties empty-handed! Frugal people, on the other hand, even with a limited budget will try their best to come up with a gift, whether bought or made by their own resourceful hands.
A frugal person would also rather buy something more expensive if it means better value.
Stay At Home Mum
Simply put, while a cheap person only looks at the financial aspect of things, a frugal person uses a more balanced perspective, taking many factors in mind. A frugal person asks many questions. Why this is cheaper? What is it made of? Will it be better for my family? Will this benefit other people? That is the difference between frugal and cheap.
Frugality is more than just saving money. Finding a good balance between the two can be hard, especially when you see your bank account dwindling between paychecks.
However, the most important thing to remember is that your health and comfort, as well as those of your family and of other people, are more important than having a few extra dollars at the end of the month. You work hard for your money, so you should be able to get a sense of fulfillment out of spending it.
In the end, frugality is really about finding the centre line between being cheap and the opposite side of the spectrum, which is spending extravagantly. The key is proper planning, research and budgeting, and with those, you'll find that your family has more money for "comfort" items at the end of each month.
So, which one are you?
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Feathered trees are profitable
This second-leaf Gala tree produced the equivalent of 300 bushels per acre.
Does it pay to plant a more expensive, but highly feathered tree rather than a one-year graft, bench graft, or sleeping eye tree?
Cornell University's Dr. Terence Robinson, who has studied the economics of planting different types of trees, believes that most growers are better off planting a finished tree.
While unfinished trees are half to one-third the cost of feathered trees, his analysis of the effect of tree price and its influence on profitability showed that the differences between the cost of using finished versus unfinished trees were small when trees were planted at low densities.
At low densities, the feathered trees were the most profitable. The optimum tree density for feathered trees was around 950 trees per acre, whereas the optimum density for low-cost trees was more than 2,000 trees per acre.
"In large measure, you're trading dollars at all the densities—you buy cheaper trees, you get less yield, or you buy more expensive trees and you get early yield," he said.
Moreover, in many locations, such as New York, the smaller trees do not produce fruit in the second year.
For those who have the management and knowledge to grow sleeping eyes or one-year grafts, they can work well, he said. But there is greater risk in growing bench grafts in a new planting. In a Cornell trial, they had a 98 percent survival from feathered trees, but he has heard of as low as 50 percent takes in bench-graft plantings.
"You're less likely to fail if you plant highly feathered trees," Robinson said.
He reminds eastern growers that micro-drip irrigation must be available to supply the highly feathered trees with water within two weeks of planting. "Highly feathered trees experience water stress in late May and June due to limited root systems and extensive leaf area," he stated, adding that water must be applied frequently to the newly planted trees.
Fertigation can also improve tree growth to the young trees, as they have limited nutrient uptake due to damaged root systems.
He recommends providing the young trees with 60 to 100 pounds of nitrogen per acre through the drip system over the course of about ten weeks. A liquid nitrogen product like CAN 17 works well, he said. About 60 pounds per acre per year of potassium is needed in the third year of planting.


Let say you have measured a Sharpe Ratio of $S^*$. What is the simplest way (ie no fancy distributions) to do a hypothesis that this is different from $0$?
So $H_0: \text{ The sharpe ratio is equal to 0}$ and $H_1: \text{ The sharpe ratio is greater than 0}$.
So given $S^*$, $\mathbb{P}( Y = S^* ) \geq 0.05$
But what should the $Y$ be? I read somewhere online that it could the non centered t distribution, but I am not sure whether this could be centered to the standard t test distribution. Moreover, I would also like to consider the normal distribution and as the sample used to create the statistic should be greater than 30, the t test to normal approxaimtion should apply.
Can someone please help me with the details here?
The answer above is not correct.
Let's go by parts:
Denote the mean of returns $\mu$. Denote the standard deviation of returns: $\sigma$.
Therefore the sharpe ratio is:
$$ SR = \frac{\mu-r_f}{\sigma} $$
The corresponding standard errors are:
$$ se(\hat{mu}) = \frac{\sigma}{\sqrt{t}}$$ $$ se(\hat{\sigma}) = \frac{\sqrt{2} \sigma^2}{\sqrt{T}}$$ $$ se(\hat{SR}) = \frac{\sqrt{1+SR^2/2}}{\sqrt{T}}$$
So the t-stat for the sharpe ratio is:
$$ t-stat(\hat{SR})= \frac{\hat{SR}}{se(\hat{SR})}$$
 - $\begingroup$ Take your point about sample vs population sigma, _USER_. But still respectfully disagree ;-) Will edit mine below, to elaborate. $\endgroup$ – demully Jun 15 '20 at 14:51
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ Adding a reference for clarity: _URL_-content/uploads/2017/06/… $\endgroup$ – phdstudent Jun 15 '20 at 19:58
 - $\begingroup$ thanks - interesting paper, need to Monte Carlo to work on how the inconsistency happens. $\endgroup$ – demully Jun 15 '20 at 22:32
 - $\begingroup$ OK, it's clear gaming this that variation in realised sigmas do have an effect on SR. Assuming of course the concept of a true population volatility/variance is a meaningful concept (one for another day). This can be material testing for non-zero Sharpes. This said, it remains a tautology that if (Mu-Rf)>0 then Sharpe>0. So there's a paradox in the special case of a test for zero, if one's confidence in a positive numerator is any different to one's confidence in a positive ratio (given a positive denominator, by definition). That makes no sense at all. Tx for interesting food for thought! $\endgroup$ – demully Jun 15 '20 at 23:49
 - $\begingroup$ The questions is whether (Mu-Rf) is statistically different from zero to start with! $\endgroup$ – phdstudent Jun 16 '20 at 10:24
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Definition of the noun Aesopus xenicus
What does Aesopus xenicus mean as a name of something?
Aesopus xenicus is a species of Aesopus, described by Pilsbry & Lowe in 1932.
- synonym: species Aesopus xenicus
- kingdom: Animalia
- phylum: Mollusca
- class: Gastropoda
- order: Neogastropoda
- family: Columbellidae
- genus: Aesopus
Online dictionaries and encyclopedias with entries for Aesopus xenicus
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Dynamically populating list of expand clause based on navigation property name
The general approach for fetching a parent and its child entity data in a single OData call is by implementing GET_EXPANDED_ENTITY method of the Data Provider Class. This involves explicitly specifying which child entities can be retrieved along with parent entity through hard-coding of the navigation properties in the method implementation. This requires populating the data in the nested properties of the parent structure carrying the same name as navigation property names and then adding the navigation's to standard exporting parameter ET_EXPANDED_TECH_CLAUSES to inform the framework that the expand clause has already been catered by custom implementation and there is no need to call the child entity sets.
In OData project the 3 entities (FormulaHeader, FormulaTerm and FormulaComponent) are modeled as below:
Entity 1: FormulaHeader
Entity 2: FormulaTerm
Entity 3: FormulaComponent
Association 1: FormulaHeader -> FormulaTerm (1:N)
Association 2: FormulaTerm -> FormulaComponent (1:N)
Navigation 1: FormulaTermSet (between FormulaHeader and FormulaTerm)
Navigation 2: FormulaComponentSet (between FormulaTerm and FormulaComponent)
This OData call would return FormulaHeader data for its specified key fields (DealGUID and FormulaGUID), its corresponding child entities FormulaTermSet and FormulaComponentSet in a single Gateway call through GET_EXPANDED_ENTITY method.
The main point here that needs to be taken care is that we need to tell the Gateway framework that we have expanded the FormulaHeader, FormulaTerm and FormulaComponent entities in a single entity set call and there is no need to call the child entity set to fetch the Formula Terms and Formula Component data. We can do this using parameter ET_EXPANDED_TECH_CLAUSES of GET_EXPANDED_ENTITY and append both the Navigation Property Name(FORMULATERMSET and FORMULATERMSET/FORMULACOMPONENTSET) in this exporting parameter, which will tell the gate way framework that the child entities have already been expanded and there is no need to call the child entity sets.
In this blog I provide an alternative approach where I dynamically generate and append the navigation property names in ET_EXPANDED_TECH_CLAUSES through recursion.
The below call of method GET_EXPANDED_TECH_CLAUSES is implemented in the GET_EXPANDED_ENTITY method of the data provider class.
 ir_expand = ir_expand
 it_children = ir_expand->get_children( )
 ct_expanded_tech_clauses = et_expanded_tech_clauses ).
Logic for the above method is as follows:
 1. Loop at all the child entities of the calling URL.
 2. Check if the calling entity has a parent or not.
 3. If it doesn't have a parent e.g. in our case the 1st call to this method would not have a parent so only FORMULATERMSET would be appended as child entity's navigation property name).
 4. If it has a parent e.g. in our case the 2nd call to this method would have parent as FORMULATERM for child entity FORMULACOMPONENT, so in that case parent's navigation property name(FORMULATERMSET) and child entity's navigation property name FORMULACOMPONENTSET would be appended to CT_EXPANDED_TECH_CLAUSES.
Above scenario explained with screenshots:
For the above scenario, when the specified URL is executed, GET_EXPANDED_TECH_CLAUSES method is called from the GET_EXPANDED_ENTITY method.
For the 1st call from GET_EXPANDED_ENTITY method, the call is for FormulaHeader to get its children and navigation property names.
In this case, the parent is blank and FORMULATERMSET is its child entityset with FORMULATERMSET as its navigation property name.
Thus, in the 1st call FORMULATERMSET is added in field CT_EXPANDED_TECH_CLAUSES.
For the 2nd call of GET_EXPANDED_TECH_CLAUSES method(as it is recursive in nature), the call is for FormulaTerm to get its children and navigation property names.
In this case, the parent is FORMULATERMSET and FORMULACOMPONENT is its child entityset with FORMULACOMPONENTSET as its navigation property name.
Final result in CT_EXPANDED_TECH_CLAUSES is as follows:
As this method is being called in recursion, during the second call the parent entity is FORMULATERM and FORMULACOMPONENTSET is its child entityset.
The implementation of GET_EXPANDED_TECH_CLAUSES method can handle navigation of multi-level child entities as it is recursive in nature.
Also, the main advantage of this approach is that no hard-coding of the navigation property names and entities are involved. And it can cater to all entities and its child entities without any entity specific logic.
 - Hi Sumita,
 Nice way to get things happen dynamically.
 I generally use other approach using standard utility, do you have any idea on fallback for below approach.
 DATA: lo_tech_request TYPE REF TO /iwbep/cl_mgw_request.
 lo_tech_request?= io_tech_request_context.
 DATA(lv_expand) = lo_tech_request->/iwbep/if_mgw_req_entityset~get_expand( ).
 SPLIT lv_expand AT ',' INTO TABLE et_expanded_tech_clauses.
 - Hello Tarun,
 This approach also works. I tried the above approach for a few scenarios and it works for all.
 Thanks for providing an alternative solution.


text:
"The Three Pearls" is a translation of "Las tres perlas" by Spanish writer Luis Coloma, SJ (1851–1914). Although Coloma never explained why his subtitle describes the story as a "Legend in Imitation of German Tales" ("Leyenda imitada del alemán"), his efforts to write what he called "recreational stories" for children were consistent with the Grimms' project, which included the ten children's legends appended to their famous fairy tales. Coloma's children's stories are still read with pleasure today.
Fedorchek, Robert M.. "The Three Pearls (A Legend in Imitation of German Tales)." Marvels & Tales 23.1 (2009). Web. .


text:
Here is a sample job description template for the position of Family Support Specialist:
Job Title: Family Support Specialist
Location of the Job: Rutland, VT 05701
Years of Experience: 1 to 3 Years
Job Type: Full Time Employee
Education Level: Bachelor's degree
Family Support Specialist Works in partnership with families, social workers, and services providers to promote safety, permanency, and well-being for children and youth referred by the local child welfare agency.
Duties and Responsibilities:
- Attends all mandatory training.
- Maintains client confidentiality.
- Maintains minimum direct service hour requirements.
- Develops growth-oriented relationship with clients.
- Remains compliant with agency CQI and HIPPA standards.
- Completes required documentation in keeping with agency standards, CYF, and CCBHO.
- Participates in family therapy sessions as outlined in the treatment schedule.
- Provides case management services and parenting education.
- Participates in formulation of time limited, goal-directed, and strength based treatment plans.
- Be well versed in signs of addiction and other mental health diagnoses.
- Provides 20 hours of direct client care per week; 20% (4 hours) of which is delivered with the Mental Health Clinician.
- Promotes the Mission and Philosophy of Holy Family Institute.
- Time management skills necessary to accomplish this position.
- Detail and organizational skills critical.
- Must be computer literate.
- Must attend relevant skills-enhancement training and demonstrate required program specific knowledge.
- Ability to communicate effectively in a community based environment.
- Must possess knowledge of child development; including physical, mental, emotional and cultural and ethnicity issues required.
- Knowledgeable of community resources, service referrals and linkage.
- Public speaking skills required. Must be highly motivated and self-directed.
- Must possess strong oral and written communication skills.
Salary: $22.00 – $26.00 Hourly DOE


text:
Check out this new article Wizards of the Coast posted recently:
The Talking Door
The tall, wide, and stout front door of the Inn of the Dripping Dagger in Waterdeep is centuries old, though it has been replaced over the years, board by board and metal plate by metal plate, as various parts of it have worn out. For all this time, it has been an unusually large, but counterweighted and easily opened, front door—nothing more. Now, however, it has begun to whisper short and menacing sentences. Why? What do its cryptic utterances mean?


You are currently viewing Loutraki
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Loutraki is a seaside resort on the Gulf of Corinth, in Corinthia, Greece. It is located 81 kilometres (50 miles) west of Athens and 8 kilometres (5 miles) northeast of Corinth. Loutraki is the seat of the municipality Loutraki-Perachora-Agioi Theodoroi. The town is well known for its vast natural springs and its therapeutic spas.
In antiquity a town called Thermae existed on the site. In 1847, an announcement in Italy asserting the therapeutic benefits of bathing in the natural thermal spas found in Loutraki caused an influx of settlers in the surrounding areas, thereby creating modern Loutraki. In 1928 Loutraki was completely destroyed by earthquake and rebuilt. A large park was created by reclaiming sea area using the rubble of the fallen houses. Another strong earthquake hit the area in 1981 with less destructive effects


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Not content with synchronizing your phones to make one giant speaker? Researchers at the Tokyo University of Technology have developed "Pinch," an interface that lets you connect multiple devices together to form a giant disjointed display. Although the technology behind the interface remains a mystery — described only as a Wi-Fi based system — a video posted by DigInfo TV shows Pinch in action. To connect two devices, a user simply needs to pinch two adjacent screens together. The screens can be linked together in whatever alignment you choose, as the position and screen size of each display is communicated on a successful pinch.
Originally posted here:
'Pinch' connects multiple smartphones and tablets together to make a display


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Women's and Gender Studies Clothesline Project
The Clothesline project is a participatory exhibit and a visual display that bears witness and attempts to break the silence surrounding violence against women and girls. The exhibit is comprised of t-shirts decorated to represent a particular woman's or girl's experience, by the survivor herself or by someone who cares about her, or cares about the issue. The shirts are hung on a clothesline for viewing. Participants walk through the rows of clothesline to bear witness to these tragedies. The project focuses on providing healing for survivors of violence, educating the public about violence, and preventing violence. The t-shirts on the clothesline were made by VSU students, faculty, staff and persons from the Valdosta community. The Clothesline is displayed each year in October, during Domestic Violence Awareness Month.


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I am making a quiz application where I would need to have a timer. I was wondering if I can use JavaScript timer on visual studio windows form? It would look nicer with a graphical timer rather then having a number count down.
If yes, then can someone give me a example code on how the JavaScript code is used within a c# windows form?
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You have also timer component in Visual Studio - why don't you use it? You want analog - draw it (_URL_) on form or panel. – mj82 Nov 11 '12 at 19:08
You can't just call server methods from the client (unless the framework specifially supports it), but the server can produce enough data for the client to do the rest. – Jan Dvorak Nov 11 '12 at 19:09
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2 Answers
up vote 2 down vote accepted
Windows Forms don't natively support javascript execution. You'd normally create a graphical timer in a Windows Forms application using Windows controls or GDI+ - or perhaps by embedding a WPF control.
However, you could embed a WebBrowser control in a Windows Forms application. The WebBrowser can display HTML and execute javascript. It's really just an embedded IE control.
Here are some examples of using GDI+ in a Windows Forms application to draw an analog clock:
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While this post isn't necessarily asking how to use visual studio in a windows form in the right context, there is a way to do using a WebBrowser control. Most likely, you would already have a WebBrowser control and just want to communicate between the WebBrowser document and the host winform.
The secret is in that "Your scripting code can access your application through the window.external object, which is a built-in DOM object provided for host access, and which maps to an object that you specify for the ObjectForScripting property."
If you are looking for how to use javascript in a webform, you might just consider using a WebBrowser control and an hmtl document.
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During implementation, NGDBuild reports the following errors:
"ERROR:NgdBuild:412 - Invalid UCF/NCF file entry value detected while reading UCF file addtest.ucf, line number is 0..."
"ERROR:NgdBuild:31 - Errors found while parsing.ucf file "addtest.ucf". Please check for syntax errors in the UCF file. For more information on legal UCF constraints, please see the "Attributes, Constraints, and Carry Logic" section of the Libraries Guide."
These messages indicate that a parsing error occurred when the UCF file was being read. Check the syntax of the constraint at the line number specified in the error message. The value specified in the error message indicates the place in the line where the syntax error occurs.
This error will sometimes occur if a "=" is missing in the middle of the constraint or if a semicolon is missing from the end of a line. It can also occur if a keyword is misspelled, or if there is no object to which the constraint is attached.
If the line number specified is "0," check the last entry in the UCF file for valid syntax.


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Privacy in Statistical Databases, Lecture Notes in Computer Science 7556
Georgia Southern University faculty member Anna Oganian co-authored "Hybrid Microdata via Model-Based Clustering" in Privacy in Statistical Databases.
Chapter Summary: In this paper we propose a new scheme for statistical disclosure limitation which can be classified as a hybrid method of protection, that is, a method that combines properties of perturbative and synthetic methods. This approach is based on model-based clustering with the subsequent synthesis of the records within each cluster. The novelty is that the clustering and synthesis methods have been carefully chosen to fit each other in view of reducing information loss. The model-based clustering tries to obtain clusters such that the within-cluster data distribution is approximately normal; then we can use a multivariate normal synthesizer for the local synthesis of data. In this way, some of the non-normal characteristics of the data are captured by the clustering, so that a simple synthesizer for normal data can be used within each cluster. Our method is shown to be effective when compared to other disclosure limitation strategies.
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg


common bond in a sentence
Example sentences for common bond
Most importantly, you need to share the common bond of concern for fellow motorcyclists.
Having a vision gives us a common bond and purpose to strive for.
Their common bond is a desire to share their life experiences with kids who need help.
Competencies create a common bond of understanding and a common language for discussing performance.
The mill is constructed of brick perimeter walls laid in common bond and heavy timber framework.
Famous quotes containing the word common bond
There was a time when all these things would have passed me by, like the flitting figures of a theatre, sufficient for t... more
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Definition of Earthlies
1. earthly [n] - See also: earthly
Click the following link to bring up a new window with an automated collection of images related to the term: Earthlies Images
Lexicographical Neighbors of Earthlies
Literary usage of Earthlies
Below you will find example usage of this term as found in modern and/or classical literature:
1. Report of the Proceedings by Church congress (1895)
""Though tl,e Earth dispart these earthlies, face from face, Yet the Heavenlies shall surely join in Heaven, For the Spirit hath no bonds in time or space...."
2. Appletons' Annual Cyclopædia and Register of Important Events of the Year (1892)
"I remember to have murmured, morn and even, " Though the Karth dispart these earthlies. face from face...."
3. The Methodist Review (1890)
"... not have said this had Christ not been in hades, nor could he have said " that in the name of Jesns every knee shall bow, of heavenlies, and earthlies,..."


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Definition of blurt
v. t. - To utter suddenly and unadvisedly; to divulge inconsiderately; to ejaculate; -- commonly with out.
The word "blurt" uses 5 letters: B L R T U.
No direct anagrams for blurt found in this word list.
Words formed by adding one letter before or after blurt (in bold), or to blrtu in any order:
a - brutal e - butler o - brulot s - blurts
Shorter words found within blurt:
blur brut bur burl but rub rut tub urb ut
List shorter words within blurt, sorted by length
Words formed from any letters in blurt, plus an optional blank or existing letter
List all words starting with blurt, words containing blurt or words ending with blurt
All words formed from blurt by changing one letter
Other words with the same letter pairs: bl lu ur rt
Browse words starting with blurt by next letter
Previous word in list: blurs
Next word in list: blurted
Some random words: khoum


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Last month I spend some time on migrating an Azure PAYG subscription to an Azure CSP subscription. It seems like moving around some resources between resource groups is not that complex but I ran into some issues during the move which made me write down this post.
Before we start with the actual migration you should first draft a plan based on the different type of resources in you Azure subscription. I have used the following approach:
In this step we collect all the information of the current subscription. You can use the following tools and steps to get the information:
- Use the Azure CSP Migration Assessment tool. This will give you a good overview of which resources can be migrated, which require some extra action and which cannot be moved. The output is something similar to this:


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Dunlap Reservoir - 2009 Survey Report
For assistance with accessibility on any TPWD documents, please contact _EMAIL_
Prepared by John Findeisen and Greg Binion
Inland Fisheries Division
District 1-E, Mathis, Texas
This is the authors' summary from a 25-page report. For a copy of the complete report, use the download link in the sidebar.
During the 2006-2010 survey period, fish populations in Lake Dunlap were surveyed in fall 2005, 2007, and 2009 using electrofishing and trap nets and spring 2006 and 2010 using gill nets. This report summarizes the results of the surveys and contains a management plan for the reservoir based on those findings.
Lake Dunlap is a 410-acre impoundment located on the Guadalupe River in Guadalupe County and is regulated by the Guadalupe-Blanco River Authority (GBRA). The reservoir, impounded in 1928, is used for water supply, hydroelectric generation, and recreation. Lake Dunlap is classified as a mainstream reservoir and has a fairly constant water level. Substrate in the upper section is composed primarily of rock and gravel, while the middle and lower sections of the reservoir are composed of clay, sand, and silt. Habitat features include boat docks, rocks, and native floating and emergent vegetation.
Important sport fish include channel catfish, largemouth bass, and crappie species. The management plan from the 2006 survey report focused on fish habitat improvement, largemouth bass genetics, nuisance aquatic vegetation, and implementing a creel survey. The proposed habitat improvement plan was to construct brushpiles under boat docks and piers of cooperating lake-front property owners, however, the plan was not implemented due to concerns of the brushpiles breaking loose and damaging structures downstream and a decline in interest. Largemouth bass were not stocked. Nuisance aquatic vegetation presence/absence was noted on all fisheries and habitat surveys. The proposed creel survey was to be completed by a university; however, funding for this survey was not available.
- Prey species: Electrofishing catch rates of shad and sunfish species increased substantially since the 2006 report. Prey species populations were comprised primarily of small size classes; benefitting most predatory fish species. Redear and redbreast sunfish provided anglers with excellent angling opportunities.
- Catfishes: Blue, channel, and flathead catfish were present in the reservoir, with blue catfish being the predominant species. The relative abundance of flathead catfish appears to be increasing. Proportion of harvestable-sized catfish in the populations was good as the majority of fish sampled were greater than legal length limits.
- Black basses: Smallmouth, spotted, largemouth, and Guadalupe bass were present in the reservoir, with largemouth being the predominant species. Largemouth bass relative abundance increased substantially and they exhibited good body condition and growth to legal size. Several largemouth bass over 20" were collected during the electrofishing survey.
- Crappie: White and black crappie were present in the reservoir, with white crappie being the predominant species. Trap net catches of crappie were again low but, 33 adult crappie were collected in the spring 2010 gill net survey.
Continue to manage the fisheries under current regulations, refine crappie sampling, continue to monitor the reservoir for nuisance aquatic vegetation, and publicize the sunfish, catfish, and largemouth bass fisheries through media sources local to the reservoir and through the district Facebook page.
Performance Report as required by Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Act Texas Federal Aid Project F-30-R-35 Statewide Freshwater Fisheries Monitoring and Management Program


The Patrim+ project is part of the UE-POCTEFA framework designed to enable collaboration on both sides of the Pyrenees. The aim is to promote the protection, valorisation and sustainable use of local resources, emphasizing the conservation, protection, promotion and development of the natural and cultural heritage of the institutions and entities of the territories participating in this project.
One of the main areas of work to be developed in this project is to prioritize an innovative and shared common strategy that entails opening up to diverse audiences and seeking new approaches for accessibility, local development, social inclusion, etc.
The project is led by the Communauté de Communes Courserans-Pyrénees and there are partners of Aragon, Basque Country and Catalonia
The project has started 15/01/2018 and will end 14/01/2021
Project associated:
EFA 251/16/Patrim+
Els nostres espais virtuals


Tel: 0086 186 69798625
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The automatic loading mixer prevents clever tanks
The automatic loading mixer prevents clever tanks
Issue Time:2020-03-19
1. Carrier water reducer: Water reducer is a concrete admixture that can reduce the amount of water used for mixing under the condition that the slump of the concrete is maintained. It can be carried on the vehicle to adjust the concrete very well..
2. Return to the factory to check the amount of water in the tank: Every time when the task of returning to the station is completed, return to the station, check the amount of water in the water storage tank, so that the water in the water tank is full at any time for emergency.
automatic self loading concrete mixer truck
3. Check the quality of the concrete before leaving the factory: The quality of each plate of concrete may change due to different raw materials.
4. Reduce vehicle travel time: The transportation distance of concrete is generally within 30 kilometers in diameter. Plan the route and vehicle traffic before leaving the vehicle.
5. Discharge first to reduce the loss: If it encounters human factors or force majeure factors that cause unloading for a long time, once it is found that the concrete has started to condense, immediately discharge it after reporting to the responsible person to prevent the entire tank from being scrapped..
automatic self feeding and discharging concrete mixer truck
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Cavity size and copper root pruning affect production and establishment of container-grown longleaf pine seedlingsAuthor(s): Mary Anne Sword Sayer; James D. Haywood; Shi-Jean Susana Sung
Source: Forest Science
Publication Series: Scientific Journal (JRNL)
PDF: Download Publication (677.0 KB)
DescriptionWith six container types, we tested the effects of cavity size (i.e., 60, 93, and 170 ml) and copper root pruning on the root system development of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) seedlings grown in a greenhouse. We then evaluated root egress during a root growth potential test and assessed seedling morphology and root system development 1 year after planting in central Louisiana, USA. Seedling size was increased by copper root pruning in small cavities but was unaffected by this treatment in larger cavities. Before planting, copper root pruning increased taproot and secondary lateral root dry weights at the expense of primary lateral root dry weight and increased root growth potential in the top 5 cm of the root plug. Across treatments, survival was 97%, and all seedlings were in the grass stage. Of the lateral root dry weight that elongated during the first year after planting, 33% more occurred in the upper 5 cm of soil when seedlings were treated with copper. Within each cavity size, copper root pruning did not affect the general morphology of 1-year-old seedlings. However, relationships between root collar diameter and root egress by depth indicated that this treatment has the potential to increase the range of cavity sizes used for seedling production.
- You may send email to _EMAIL_ to request a hard copy of this publication.
- (Please specify exactly which publication you are requesting and your mailing address.)
- We recommend that you also print this page and attach it to the printout of the article, to retain the full citation information.
- This article was written and prepared by U.S. Government employees on official time, and is therefore in the public domain.
CitationSword Sayer, Mary Anne; Haywood, James D.; Sung, Shi-Jean Susana. 2009. Cavity size and copper root pruning affect production and establishment of container-grown longleaf pine seedlings. Forest Science. 55(5): 377-389.
Keywordscopperblock, copper oxychloride, Pinus palustris Mill., Superblock, taproot
- The persistence of container nursery treatments on the field performance and root system morphology of longleaf pine seedlings
- Longleaf Pine Root System Development and Seedling Quality in Response to Copper Root Pruning and Cavity Size
- Long-Term Container Effects on Root System Architecture of Longleaf Pine
XML: View XML


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A correspondent writes to ask about the utterance 'She was very thick with the gardener', encountered in the Hercule Poirot episode, The Halloween Party. 'I looked it up in a dictionary and it seems it's an old-fashioned way of saying "she was very friendly with him". Then I saw another expression, thick as thieves (is it still used?).What I can't really understand is how/why the word thick (usu. 'not thin';'stupid') came to be used in the sense of 'friendly'.
The original sense, in Anglo-Saxon times, is of material extension, where it's regularly opposed to thin, as in a thick wall. Then it came to be applied to density and abundance (thick hedge, thick hair, thick mist...) and size (thickset) and extended to thickness in general (where it's not opposed to thin), as in 'the cover is an inch thick'.
It then generated several figurative senses meaning 'excessive in some disagreeable way', especially in the phrase a bit thick ('indecent' or 'indelicate'). It's the sense of 'density of contact' that led to the figurative sense of being 'close in association' - in other words, being 'intimate' or 'familiar'. It seems to have been a late 18th-century development. And quite a few similes have since emerged, such as as thick as glue, as thick as peas in a shell, and as thick as thieves, some of which have become proverbial.
The idioms are still used a lot, but the use of the single word to mean 'intimate' is certainly old-fashioned now, redolent of P G Wodehouse and Evelyn Waugh.


Sharjah Architecture Triennial, photo by Ieva Saudargaitė
Sharjah Architecture Triennial will seek to overturn "orientalist cliches"
A new architecture triennial launching in the United Arab Emirates next year will challenge "pernicious" western views of Asian, African and Middle Eastern architecture, according to curator Adrian Lahoud.
The Sharjah Architecture Triennial, debuting in the Emirati city in November 2019, aims to tackle stereotypes about the region and its architecture.
"There's going to be an attempt to rethink architecture beyond a Western European framework," Lahoud told Dezeen.
"You get all these orientalist cliches and you find them in all kinds of various forms of knowledge production, and they're continually repeated within the media."
Adrian Lahoud, photo by Rabee Younes
The first Sharjah Architecture Triennial will "look beyond a Western European framework" says curator Adrian Lahoud. Photo is by Rabee Younes
Lahoud, who is dean of the school of architecture at the Royal College of Art in London, revealed details of the triennial at a launch event at the Venice Architecture Biennale at the end of May.
In an exclusive interview with Dezeen ahead of the launch, he criticised the western tendency to highlight vernacular design, traditional materials and even tribal dress from non-western cultures.
"Those kinds of cliches are pernicious, virulent, and objectionable tropes, that really no major international exhibition of architecture that I've seen in decades has been exempt from," he said. "There's a lack of indigenous modernities or futures in those accounts."
Triennial will "look beyond the object"
Instead, the three-month-long triennial in port city Sharjah, which neighbours Dubai, will look "beyond a focus on the object, the focus on the form of the object, or thinking about the building envelope as where architecture ends," said Lahoud.
"It's important because our perspective of architecture is so dominated by the legacy of Western European forms of thinking," he said. "This is a part of the world that is still involved in various different struggles against colonialism."
Sharjah Architecture Triennial, photo by Ieva Saudargaitė
Taking place in port city Sharjah, which neighbours Dubai, the triennial will focus on architecture in North and East Africa, the Middle East and South Asia
Looking at architecture in North and East Africa, the Middle East and South Asia, the inaugural event is titled Rights of Future Generations.
It will examine how the recent focus on individual rights to things such as health, education and housing have diminished concern about collective entitlements such as rights to natural resources and a benign environment.
Looking at architecture from the perspective of future generations
Lahoud hopes the triennial will help move the discussion ''beyond questions of individual rights to think about collective rights, from the perspective of a future generation".
"But it's challenging, as future generations don't exist, so who speaks on behalf of them?" he said, stressing that this is the key question that architecture should be addressing.
"The reason it's becoming such a fundamental question and why it's so important to use as a kind of lens to think about architecture and think about cities is because there's no doubt in anyone's minds that we are making massive transformations to the planet at the moment," he said. "These are transformations that will have really fundamental long-term consequences on quality of life."
This involves overturning western views on architecture and urbanism, Lahoud believes.
"Shelter, for example, assumes that there is a distinction between ourselves and the environment; that the environment is a threat and we have to be protected from it," he said. "That's a core concept within architecture, but not all societies see their relationship to the environment in the same way."
Western architecture is "condescending"
Lahoud attacked the way other international architecture exhibitions presented architecture from Africa, Asia and the Middle East.
"For example, this obsession with tradition in the vernacular," he said. "This condescending appreciation of creativity under conditions of adversity. Or even the semiotics of architectural materials, bamboo and mud bricks, and so-called other traditional materials. There's always a complete absence of technological sophistication or technological experimentation."
He added: "Architects from that part of the world get admitted to international exhibitions if they're in traditional dress, and of course that standard never applies to architects from a North American or Western European context."
"The question we should be asking is why does the Western curatorial gaze, whenever it looks out to those parts of the world, basically seek works that only confirms preconceptions of what architecture from that part of the world should look like."
Sharjah Architecture Triennial, photo by Ieva Saudargaitė
The aim of the event is to overturn western views on architecture and urbanism, according to Lahoud
Lahoud, an architect, researcher and educator, was appointed dean of the RCA's school of architecture in 2015 when his predecessor Alex de Rijike resigned to focus on his architecture practice dRMM.
Specialising in post-colonial nation-building projects and climate research in the context of the global south, Lahoud's recent projects include an installation called Climate Crimes, which is currently on show at the V&A as part of the exhibition The Future Starts Here.
He promised to put voices of young people in the regions covered by the triennial at the centre of the show, although he conceded that three months would not be time enough to address the scale of issues they face.
"The thing that excites me the most is the opportunity to make a space for dialogue, to create a platform for an emerging generation of architects, of scholars, of artists, planners, urban designers, who are working in parts of the world that sometimes don't have access to really basic things like national archives, to a documentation of their own histories because of colonialism, because archives were taken back to Europe or destroyed."
Photography of Sharjah is by Ieva Saudargaitė.


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The RV awning is an indispensable part of our camping because it creates shade to prevent UV rays and rainwater. The awning is designed from many components including torsion springs. It's one of the most important gears to maintain the device's tension. After few years, the springs can be degraded and cause stagnant problems for the awning when we open it. Hence, we should change them to a new one to prevent damages for your RV awning. In this article, I am going to introduce steps on how to replace the torsion springs:
Prepare Tools And Supplies
Before replacing the torsion springs, you should prepare these items below to achieve a good result:
- 3/18 inches and 1/8 inches drill bits
- 1/8 inches pop rivets
- Step ladder
Steps on How to Replace the Torsion Springs
Remove the Awning from a Coach
If your awning was installed on a coach, you should follow these steps to remove it from your RV before assembling torsion springs.
Step 1: Find a clean and smooth place to start working.
Step 2: Unscrew and remove the ½ inches TEK screws from both sides at the end of the awning fabric. Then, remove the top brackets on the awning rail.
Step 3: Unscrew the brackets to remove the patio feet and extend the adjustable arms.
Step 4: Pull the awning fabric or roller cover away from the awning rail.
Unwinding Torsion Assembly Springs
Step 1: Use a vise grip to clamp into the top casting on the awning. Then, unscrew the ¼-20 x ½ inches hex head screw from the top casting.
Step 2: Pull the top casting away from the main support arm carefully. To let the spring can be unwound, make sure that turn clockwise of the cam lock lever.
Step 3: Wait until the torsion spring can unwind completely. Then, move to the opposite side and repeat Step 1 and Step 2.
How to remove and replace torsion springs
Step 1: The torsion springs should be relieved of its tension before pulling them out. Mark the positions of the end cap and the fabric on the roller tube.
Step 2: Use a drill with a 3/16 inches drill bit to remove two rivets on the torsion assembly and the rivet bodies on the roller tube.
Step 3: Then, pull the torsion assembly away from the roller tube.
Step 4: To reduce the responsibility of the poly rope impacting on the cam lock lever, you should cut off the valance poly rope on the right-hand torsion. In this case, we have two types of roller tubes so you need different ways to cut off the rope:
- Steel roller tube: With this type of roller tube, you should cut the poly rope when pulled toward the valance groove. Remember leaving enough length of the rope to fold it behind the valance groove.
- Aluminum roller: You should cut and leave two inches length of the poly rope. It must be pulled toward the center position and locked in the notch of the roller tube.
Step 5: Install a new torsion spring in the roller tube. Be careful to align the rivet places and the holes in the roller tube.
Step 6: Change the opposite side of the roller tube to trim the poly ropes in the same as the above steps.
Step 7: Use 3/16 x 3/8 inches steel rivets to secure torsion springs.
Rewinding Torsion Assembly Spring
Step 1: Prepare a step ladder if you want to rewind the torsion assembly, which is attached to the coach. Otherwise, if you have extended the awning and locked the opposite side rafter, you can stand on the ground. This step will keep you safe so please performing it.
Step 2: Use a vise grip and clamp it tightly on the top casting.
Step 3: Find the number of turns based on the Torque Chart (indicated as below) and rewind the torsion assembly the same as this number.
|Awning Length (Ft.)||Standard||Heavy Duty|
|Number of turns||Number of turns|
Step 4: Between the end cap and torsion rod will have a hole, so you will need to put a 1/8 inches cotter pin through that hole. This action will reduce the speed of the top casting when installing the awning.
Step 5: Install the awning on a coach.
Those are entire steps on how to replace and install the torsion springs for RV awning. To achieve a good result, you should read them carefully and our instructions step by step.
Did you find these steps helpful for you?
Let us know in this comment below!
Please share them with other campers once you are successful.


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document | Interview – Sinéad Mac Aodha
Interview Sinéad Mac Aodha
Interview with Sinéad Mac Aodha, Director of Literature Ireland. Promoting the best of Irish literature in the finest translations for readers worldwide.
- Category: Irish Language
- Thematic area: Cultural and Linguistic Continuity
- Call topics: Social inclusion and solidarity (e.g. recognition of sign languages)
- Major objective: Thematic areas: Promotion
- Area of intervention: Integration of indigenous languages into standard-setting