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Synthetic Aperture Radar Polarimetry
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The book begins with basics of synthetic aperture radar to provide the basis for understanding how polarimetric SAR images are formed and gives an introduction to the fundamentals of radar polarimetry. It goes on to discuss more advanced polarimetric concepts that allow one to infer more information about the terrain being imaged. In order to analyze data quantitatively, the signals must be calibrated carefully, which the book addresses in a chapter summarizing the basic calibration algorithms. The book concludes with examples of applying polarimetric analysis to scattering from rough surfaces, to infer soil moisture from radar signals.


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Published January 19, 2013
CCP has posted the changes to Black Ops that will be implemented in Retribution 1.1. Those changes are:
 - Increase the base jump range of all Black Ops ships to 3.5 light years (equal to that of Titans)
 - Reduce the mass multiplier used for Covert Jump Portal fuel costs from 0.00000018 to 0.000000135 (Reduces the fuel cost of covert bridges by 25%)
 - Increase the fuel bay on all Black Ops to 1250m3 (25% increase)
While these are just numbers, it's important to understand how major some of these changes are.
The Minor Changes
The increase in the fuel bay size equates directly into a 25% buff to fuel capacity, from 6,666 units of isotopes up to 8,333. Meanwhile, the mass multiplier is reduced by 25%. The effects of that are equally straightforward - fuel consumption scales with mass, so a smaller multiplier means less fuel per jump. However, it's not all good news - taking full advantage of the increased bridge range results in an overall higher fuel consumption. For example, take a Hound. With a mass of 1.42 million kilograms (including the added mass from the MWD), it currently costs 207 units of isotopes to bridge the ship to the maximum 4.5 light year range. A bridge to that same range after the changes only costs 155 units, but bridging to the new max range (7.875 light years) costs 271 isotopes. The net effect is actually a reduction in the total number of max-range bridges a Black Ops ship can make, though it's small; if the pilot wanted to strand his ship, he could bridge that Hound to max range 30 times after the patch, as compared to 32 times now.
The Major Change
Enough about the numbers. What does the range buff mean in real terms? For this example, I'm going to use the system Q-CAB in Tribute. The system is a regional gate to Venal, and the distance between the two regions is relatively low.
In the picture below you see the current Black Ops bridge range. Systems with the red squares and circles are within range of Q-CAB. Note how the Venal cannot be reached to the north, and large chunks of Vale of the Silent are inaccessible as well.
Now we're showing the current Titan range, and future Black Ops range. Many systems in Venal are now accessible, as are many more systems in Vale of the Silent.
The net effect is increased force projection for cloaking ships, including bomber gangs, which translates to more small gang opportunities. That's something I believe CCP wants. As the bomber FC for the CFC, I'm eagerly awaiting this change. While I'm sure some people want the ships themselves to be more capable in combat, to be able to warped cloaked, etc, I'll take this as a win.
Kcolor, primary bomber FC of the CFC. _USER_ Did I interest you in EVE? Did I interest you in LoL?
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Take the 2-minute tour ×
I have a one dimensional gird. its spacing is a floating point. I have a point with floating point coordinate as well. I need to find its distance to the closest grid point.
For example:
 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
The result would be -0.02 since the closest point is behind it.
However if it was
-1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0
The result will be 0.06. As you can see its in floating point and can be negative.
I tried the following:
float spacing =...;
float point =...;
while(point >= spacing) point -= spacing;
while(point < 0) point += spacing;
if(std::abs(point - spacing) < point) point -= spacing;
It works, but I'm sure there is a way without loops
share|improve this question
Is the spacing linear? – GWW Dec 1 '11 at 18:46
In his examples it is linear. – GWW Dec 1 '11 at 18:56
_USER_: its linear, just not constant (its parameter) – Dani Dec 1 '11 at 19:00
_USER_: its linear – Dani Dec 1 '11 at 19:00
add comment
5 Answers
up vote 6 down vote accepted
Let us first compute the nearest points on the left and right as follows:
leftBorder = spacing * floor(point/spacing);
rightBorder = leftBorder + spacing;
Then the distance is straightforward:
if ((point - leftBorder) < (rightBorder - point))
 distance = leftBorder - point;
 distance = rightBorder - point;
Note that, we could find the nearest points alternatively by ceiling:
rightBorder = spacing * ceil(point/spacing);
leftBorder = rightBorder - spacing;
share|improve this answer
Could you please include an explanation of the code? – N.N. Dec 1 '11 at 20:04
Thanks for the suggestion. I modified the variables to make it self-expressive. Should I add more explanation? – petrichor Dec 1 '11 at 20:10
An explanation in natural language would only make your answer better so go for it! – N.N. Dec 1 '11 at 20:11
I added some sentences in the natural language :) – petrichor Dec 1 '11 at 20:18
add comment
std::vector spacing =...;
float point =...;
float result;
Since you say the spacing isn't (linear), I would cache the sums:
std::vector sums(1, 0.0);
float sum=0;
for(int i=0; i::iterator iter;
iter = std::lower_bound(sums.begin(), sums.end(), point);
Then find the result from there:
if (iter+1 == sums.end())
 return point-*iter;
else {
 float midpoint = (*iter + *(iter+1))/2;
 if (point < midpoint)
 result = point - *iter;
 result = *(iter+1) - point;
[EDIT] Don't I feel silly. You said the spacing wasn't constant. I interpreted that as not-linear. But then your sample code is linear, just not a compile-time constant. My bad. I'll leave this answer as a more general solution, though your (linear) question is solvable much faster.
share|improve this answer
The spacing is constant inside invocation, its not constant between invocations... – Dani Dec 1 '11 at 18:59
add comment
Here is my first blush attempt, note that this is not tested at all.
float remainder = fmod(point, spacing); // This is the fractional difference of the spaces
int num_spaces = point/spacing; // This is the number of "spaces" down you are, rounded down
// If our fractional part is greater than half of the space length, increase the number of spaces.
// Not sure what you want to do when the point is equidistant to both grid points
if(remainder >.5 * spacing)
float closest_value = num_spaces*spacing;
float distance = closest_value - point;
share|improve this answer
In his comment to your answer he says it is constant within invocations. – Craig H Dec 1 '11 at 19:01
_USER_: No he states that it isn't constant. – GWW Dec 1 '11 at 19:01
_USER_: I didn't state its not linear, I just state its not 0.1 always. (its a parameter) – Dani Dec 1 '11 at 19:01
_USER_: I misinterpreted the comment. My bad. – Mooing Duck Dec 1 '11 at 19:03
add comment
You should just round the number using this:
float spacing =...;
float point =...;
(point > 0.0)? floor(point + spacing/2) : ceil(point - spacing/2);
share|improve this answer
The spacing isn't constant – Dani Dec 1 '11 at 18:40
_USER_: I clarified how it can be done with non-constant spacing. – Mooing Duck Dec 1 '11 at 19:02
floor and ceiling round to the nearest integer, not the nearest step value. – Craig H Dec 1 '11 at 19:08
add comment
Much, much more generally, for arbitrary spacing, dimensions, and measures of distance (metric), the structure you're looking for would be a Voronoi Diagram.
share|improve this answer
add comment
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Migraine Pressure Point | Headache Relief Pressure PointsTweet
What are the pressure points to relieve a migraine?
A migraine pressure point is a place on your body that when pressed they will relieve the pain of migraine. A migraine pressure point releases congested energy and blood from the head. The effect of barometric pressure on the migraine headache.
Some things to relieve the migraine Pressure Point
- Many people think relief will come from a massage.
- Finger pressure points test is useful for to relieve migraine pressure point.
- Rest will relieve the migraine.
- Using acupressure to relieve headaches and migraine pain.
- Using thumbs gently massage points located on temples. You are supposed to barely touch the skin, the purpose of this part is to relax the patient.
Migraine Pressure Point
The location of migraine pressure point are as follows
- Migraine Pressure Point at Base of Skull
- Migraine Pressure Point at Mid-Forehead
- Migraine Pressure Point at Eye Corners
- Migraine Pressure Point on Hand
- Migraine Pressure Point on Foot

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Japan's once-a-decade millipede train mystery cracked by researchers
A species of poisonous millipedes so numerous they stop the trains from running in Japan have been discovered to be living an unusually long life cycle.
Researchers from Shizuoka University in Japan were working to discover what led to entire train tracks being swamped by millipedes only once a decade.
Since 1920 it has been observed by Japanese train drivers that the invertebrates would form a "dense blanket" over the tracks, forcing them to wait until the millipedes cleared the tracks.
Millipedes flood train tracks in Japan. (Supplied)
New research published today theorises that the millipedes are living in an approximate eight-year cycle whereby a new brood will trek to a new habitat to eat food, lay eggs and die.
Eight years later, the new brood will travel again looking for food – and it just so happens they pass over train tracks.
If threatened or killed, the millipedes are known to emit the chemical cyanide, famously fatal to humans in concentrated amounts.
Samples of the millipedes. (Supplied)
"In Japan, however, eight-year periodicity had been suggested in a species of train millipedes that had frequently obstructed trains in the central mountainous region of Honshu, Japan," the researchers wrote in a paper published in the Royal Society of Open Science.
"We finally confirmed the eight-year periodicity of this millipede using detailed surveys of life histories over eight years.
"Seven broods were recognised, with almost no overlaps in their distributions."
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A reader writes:
First, I very much enjoy your blog. I hope you can keep at it for long time. Now, my question concerns what is the proper way to dispose of religious objects such worn out bibles, tarnished or worn crucifixes, old prayer cards, broken rosaries, religious pamphlets, etc.? Some of my coworkers and I had a discussion today about what to do with them. One person couldn't bring himself to dispose of them in the trash out of respect. Another felt that broken or worn items could be thrown out without any guilt. Can you help us out? We all want to do the right thing.
The disposition of this type of religious object is not something that is regulated by canon law. Consequently, there is not a canonical "right answer" here.
Catholic doctrine also does not treat the subject in any detail, and thus there is no doctrinal "right answer" beyond the general axiom that a religious object should be treated with the reverence that is due it. The question is: How much reverence is that?
It is difficult to give a definite answer, but there are certain levels of reverence that would clearly be wrong. For example:
1) So little reverence that we commit actual sacrilege with the items (e.g., using them as part of a Black Mass)
2) So much reverence that we can never get rid of them and have to squirrel them away when they can no longer be used.
The correct answer falls somewhere between these two extremes, and it is likely to vary from one object to another. Indeed, a pious custom of many Catholics is to distinguish between those objects that have been blessed and those that have not. This appears to be a useful division in that in the case of blessed objects, the Church has in at least a minor way consecrated the item to sacred use, while in the latter case it has not. It thus would make sense to show more reverence in the disposition of a blessed object than an unblessed one.
Correspondingly, a common pious custom is to dispose of blessed objects by either burning them (if they are flammable) or burying them (if they are not). In the former case, the object is destroyed, thus removing its blessing, and the ashes (or other remains) can simply be thrown away.
In the case of objects that were never blessed (or that have been destroyed, removing their blessing), this custom holds that they can simply be thrown away like any other non-blessed object.
As indicated, this is a pious custom and not a matter of law or doctrine, so individual consciences may vary without there being sin. If one person feels comfortable disposing of a religious object in a way that happens to be different than my preferred way of doing it, I would not on that account tell him he's doing anything wrong. If the Church wanted to mandate ways of doing this, it would.
The key thing is not the physical manner of disposing of these objects but the fact that one is doing so with a right heart. If one "reverently throws away" something then his heart is displaying reverence, which is the important thing. What physical act is used to express this reverence is not what is at issue--be it burning or burial or even if there is no outward act but simply a grateful recognition of the role God has allowed the object to play in one's religious life.


text:
Volume 12, Issue 1 (January 1984)
An Estimation of Hardness of Hardened Steels by X-Ray Diffraction Using a Gaussian Curve-Fitting Method
A simplified equation for calculating rapidly a parameter of a Gaussian curve fitted to a diffraction line peak is proposed for use in the evaluation of the diffraction line width. An equation for calculating the standard deviation of the parameter, caused by counting statistics, is also given to evaluate the reproducibility of the parameter. The parameter together with its standard deviation can be calculated in only 0.8 s with an inexpensive microcomputer. The time required for the X-ray intensity measurement in determining the parameter is about one third of that required in the half-width determination. The line width represented by the parameter of various quenched and tempered steels increases with increasing hardness. Hence, the use of the parameter allows a rapid and nondestructive estimation of hardness of hardened steels.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
The federal government has an active role in ensuring everyone's safety at swimming pools, both public and private. The EPA has put in place guidelines regarding swimming pool chemical usage and discharge. There are also building code requirements, both local and national, addressing swimming pool construction and safety. In the past few years Congress has enacted new government regulations stemming from the Americans With Disabilities Act and the Virginia Graeme Baker Act that also impact the swimming pool industry directly. A brief explanation of these laws, as well as links to more information on them is offered below.
ADA Accessibility Guidelines from the APSP (Associaton of Pool and Spa Professionals) Website.
The deadline for existing pool and spa compliance with sections 242 and 1009 of the 2010 Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Standard for Accessible Design was January 31, 2013. Pools built or renovated since March 15, 2012, are currently required to meet the ADA requirements. APSP urges facility operators and owners of pools and spas that fall under the requirements to work with an APSP member company to provide a barrier removal analysis, if they have not already done so. For additional information on the ADA requirements for pools and spas, visit the APSP website to access the DOJ's Technical Assistant Document, the ADA's 2010 Accessibility Standards, and the APSP FAQs. For more information directly from the Federal Government about the ADA as it relates to pools and spas, visit ADA.gov.
Other links you may find helpful are: ADA and ABA Accessibility Guidelines for Buildings and Facilities and Click Here to read the specific sections concerning pool lifts. Costs vary on the ADA approved lifts, but generally start at about $6000.00, including installation. If you have questions regarding this act or how it may affect your specific water facility, contact us and we will be happy to discuss it.
Main Drains / VGBA
Due to the Virginia Graeme Baker Act (VGBA) that Congress passed into federal law in December, 2007, main drain covers are still a hot topic. The intention of the law is to prevent accidental drowning and injury due to entrapment on the suction grates of all swimming pools, spas and fountains.
You can read more about the act on the U.S. Government page of the Consumer Product Safety Commission at this link:
What does this mean? If you are a commercial operation such as a hotel or health club, the local health department may close your facility down until you are in compliance with the law. Compliance may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, as local laws may go beyond the minimal regulations established in VGBA. However, at the minimum, the main drain grates on your water facility probably need to be changed to the new approved grates.
If you are a home pool owner and your pool was built before 2008, your pool is probably not in compliance and you may run the risk of accidental entrapment in your pool. Please call us if you would like us to assess your pool for this risk.


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An innovative micromechanics-based three-dimensional long-term strength criterion for fracture assessment of rock materials
Journal article, Peer reviewed
MetadataShow full item record
Original versionFrattura ed Integrità Strutturale. 2018, 12 (44), 64-81. 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.44.06
Rocks may exhibit time-dependent behaviors. Long-term strength criterion significantly dominates creep failure of rocks. Rocks contain many microcracks, which lead to degrade of long-term strength. In this paper, it is assumed that there exist three-dimensional penny-shaped microcracks in rocks. The mode II stress intensity factors at tips of three-dimensional penny-shaped microcracks in Burgers viscoelastic rock matrix is derived. A novel micromechanics-based three-dimensional long-term strength criterion is established to consider the effects of time and the intermediate principal stress on creep failure of rocks. By comparison with the previous experimental data, it is found that the novel micromechanics-based three-dimensional long-term strength criterion is in good agreement with the experimental data.


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Temporary guardianships in Massachusetts
Many different things can happen during the course of guardianship proceedings. For example, in some guardianship cases, a court will decide to appoint a temporary guardian for an individual to serve while the guardianship petition regarding the individual is being considered by the court.
When can a Massachusetts court appoint a temporary guardian for a person that there is a pending guardianship petition for? Under state law, it can do so when all of the following circumstances are met:
 - There is an emergency situation present.
 - This emergency situation is likely to lead to the welfare, health or safety of the individual a guardianship is being requested for being harmed in a substantial and immediate manner.
 - An appropriate motion has been submitted.
 - There is no guardian currently in place for the person.
 - There is no other individual that appears to have the authority to take action in regards to the situation.
How long does a temporary guardianship last? While the length of such a guardianship can vary, there are some general limits placed on Massachusetts courts regarding how long a temporary guardianship they put in place can go. Generally, the maximum length of a temporary guardianship here in Massachusetts is 90 days. There are some exceptions to this limit. A court can extend a temporary guardianship out for additional 90-day periods beyond the first 90-day period if it finds that there is good cause to do so. Also, a court can order a temporary guardianship to last for a set time longer than 90 days if it finds that extraordinary circumstances are present.
As this shows, temporary guardianships are subject to a rather complex set of rules. Thus, temporary guardianship issues in guardianship proceedings have the potential to be quite complicated. Attorneys can provide families with assistance when complex matters, such as temporary guardianship issues, come up during the course of efforts to request a guardianship for an incapacitated loved one.
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Transcript Typist» search for more Jobs
The role of a Transcript typist is to record the spoken word of people in different contexts be it in parliament, courts of law or television broadcasts using a stenotype shorthand machine, computer or sound equipment. There are usually no tertiary requirements to become a transcript typist; however it is useful to complete a course in machine shorthand, with training on the specific procedures giving to you on the job. Some settings like parliaments might require formal qualifications in English language with particular knowledge of gramma and linguistics. To be successful in this role you will need to have a very fast typing speed, good command of English, good attention to detail and be able to work under pressure in a fast paced environment.


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Love pulls our senses apart and makes
The objective in Music Interpretation Parameters is to visualize a song through typography, graphics and imagery. A chosen song was to be displayed though the collection of materials and manipulating their image through a projector. Projected images of those materials yielded a variation of results, including wide ranges of colors, shadows, and highlights of the specified materials.
To create metaphors and visuals for the song by Ellie Goulding-Love Me Like You Do from the movie Fifty Shades of Grey. A feather was chosen to represent the soft and light feeling of the song. The projected images of the feather were used to develop a visual style that reinforced the overall tone of the song.
© 2016 Grace Min Shan Lee All rights reserved


MATLAB Answers
Creating a table of two indexes
29 views (last 30 days)
I am trying to make a temperature conversion table but when I print at the end, all my values are jumbled. How can I seperate the calculations and label the results for each?
bF = input('Input the beginning temperature in Fahrenheit');
eF = input('Input the endung temperature in Fahrenheit');
disp('Temperature in Fahrenheit & Celcuis')
F = [bF:10:eF];
for k = 1
C = (F-32)*(5/9);
Accepted Answer
Benjamin Kraus
Benjamin Kraus on 3 Dec 2020
You need to merge F and C into a single matrix and transpose that matrix:
fprintf('%8.1f\t%8.1f\n',[F' C']')
Benjamin Kraus
Benjamin Kraus on 3 Dec 2020
As your code demonstrates, it is not necessary to use a for loop to perform the same computation on every element of a vector in MATLAB. You can do that in one line of code without a loop.
The requirement to use a loop looks like a homework requirement. You can do this using a for loop, but it isn't necessary, and your current code is not using the for loop correctly.
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Emergencies and Crises
The Dean of Students Office has as one of its functions the task of responding to crisis situations which involve University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire students on campus, in the community, and in other locations as appropriate. It is desirable to have the individuals most immediately responsible for activities in their area alerted to serious situations.
Crisis is defined as a significant event or radical change of status in a person's life, or as an unstable or crucial time which requires special assistance or intervention. Types of crises likely to be found in the University environment include the following:
1. Death (student, friend, family)
2. Serious injury
3. Mental health related events including involuntary detention
4. Sexual assault
5. Discipline
6. Crisis arising from environmental or ecological disaster
7. Threats to the public welfare
During a student crisis, our office goals are:
1. Assist the student (or students) or other involved individuals to best cope with and resolve the crisis they may be facing.
2. To provide coordination with external agencies, including the media, that may be involved with the University during the crisis.
3. To provide communication and coordination internally within the University.
4. To assist in post-crisis support.
During a crisis, the Dean of Students Office will work with and coordinate efforts with external agencies such as clergy, law enforcement personnel, family, or friends in assisting those affected by the crisis. The office will also notify the appropriate University offices or individuals, and assist in the designation of an institutional spokesperson to the media.
Bias/Hate Incident Reporting
A bias/hate incident is an act of conduct, speech, or expression motivated by race, religion, color, disability, national origin, sexual orientation, or ancestry, that results in intimidation, harassment, or violence (regardless of whether the act is criminal).
Student in Crisis
In the event of short term illnesses (less than 3 days) it is best to contact your instructor directly. If your student is hospitalized or experiencing a difficulty that will keep them out of school for 3 days or more you will want to report a student absence. If you are concerned about your student's health or wellness and you want to let UW-Eau Claire know - you can also contact our office at _PHONE_ or email:
Family in Crisis
Sometimes a family member might have difficulty contacting a student in a time of crisis, such as a medical emergency or a death in the family. All emergency inquiries during business hours should be directed to our office at _PHONE_. After hours, contact the University Police Department at: _PHONE_.
Campus Emergency Status
The campus posts any large scale campus emergency on our emergency status notice on the website. Students will be notified (via text message if they've signed up for the service) in the event of a campus wide emergency.
Pandemic Plan


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Modifying only certain consituents of a mesh
If I have developed a fluid tetrahedral mesh surrounding a solid cylinder, is there a way to observe the average number of elements spanning the mesh axially? If so, is it possible to preserve that average number of elements axially, while coarsening the mesh in the radial direction? I understand that the tetrahedral mesh discrete locations will not be as well defined as a grid that's why I am only attempting to obtain average values.
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IBT MATHEMATICAL NEUROSCIENCE AWARD AT BRAINTECH 2019
The prize honors researchers who have significantly advanced our understanding of the neural mechanisms of perception, behavior and thought through the application of mathematical analysis and theoretical modeling.
This year again, two winners were selected to each receive this prestigious $100,000 prize for their achievements.
CONGRATULATIONS TO THE WINNERS!
Professor Naftali Tishby
Prof. Tishby holds the Ruth and Stan Flinkman Chair for Brain Research at the Hebrew University, works at the interface of computer science and neuroscience. His research on information processing in biological systems has led to new insights important for both machine learning and brain function including language, the action-perception cycle, biological sensory hierarchies and deep learning.
Professor John Rinzel
Prof. Rinzel is Professor of Neural Science and Mathematics at New York University who has played a pioneering role in the application of mathematical analyses to neural systems. His work has illuminated our understanding of the role of neural dynamics in cognition and behavior, with key contributions in fields ranging from neuronal biophysics to auditory perception.


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Posted elsewhere is the problem of the jumping frog. Geogebra makes the problem easy and shows that it is more geometric than anything else.
A bullfrog leaps 2 meters in some direction. Does not like its location so it randomly leaps n meters again in some direction. If its odds of being within 1 meter from its original position are 1 / 6 then what is n?
Basically what you do is draw a unit circle around the origin. The origin represents the starting point of the frog. Draw another concentric circle with radius 2 (shaded circle). This represents all possible first jumps. WLOG pick a point on the shaded circle and call it B. Draw two tangents from B to the smaller circle. Call the tangent points F and G. Now it is just a geometry proof. Angle FBG is 60 degrees. The red circle represents all possible 2nd jumps. This angle of 60 degrees represents 1 / 6 of all possible second jumps.
Line segments AB and BC arelong. That is the length of n.
In mathematics, you don't understand things. You just get used to them.
I agree with you regarding the satisfaction and importance of actually computing some numbers. I can't tell you how often I see time and money wasted because someone didn't bother to run the numbers.


Ronin - Meaning of Ronin, What does Ronin mean?
home > boy names > ronin
Ronin - Meaning of Ronin
What does Ronin mean?
Meaning of the name Ronin
[ 2 syll. ro-nin, ron-in ] The baby boy name Ronin is pronounced as ROWNihN †. Ronin is used mostly in Hebrew and English, and its language of origin is Hebrew and Celtic.
Ronin is a derivative (Hebrew) of the English, Spanish, Dutch, and Hebrew name Ron.
Ronin is also a derivative (English) of the English and Irish name Ronan.
Ronin is somewhat popular as a baby name for boys. The name has been rising in popularity since the 2000s; prior to that, it was of infrequent use only. At the modest peak of its usage in 2012, 0.015% of baby boys were named Ronin. Its ranking then was #771. In 2012, out of the group of boy names directly related to Ronin, Ronan was the most commonly used. The name was twice as popular as Ronin in that year.
Baby names that sound like Ronin include Ronan (English and Irish), Raam (Hebrew), Racham (Hebrew), Raemonn, Rahaeim, Raham (English and Hebrew), Rahan, Rahane, Raheem (Arabic and English), Rahiem, Rahim (Arabic, English, and Iranian), Rahma, Rahmahn, Rahman (Arabic and Turkish), Rahmen, Rahmin, Rahym, Raimee, Raimey, and Raimi.
Ronin Baby Name Explorer
Meaning of Ronin Meaning of Ron Meaning of Ronny Meaning of Ronnie Meaning of Roni Meaning of Ron Meaning of Ronny Meaning of Veronica Meaning of Ronnie Meaning of Aaron Meaning of Ronald Meaning of Rowena Meaning of Rhonda Meaning of Cameron Meaning of Byron Meaning of Jaron Meaning of Myron Meaning of Ronan Meaning of Lerone Meaning of Taron
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Ronin - Meaning of Ronin, What does Ronin mean?


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WISE OWL EXERCISES
ADVANCED VBA EXERCISES
Advanced VBA | Linking to data exercise | Listing Beatles - ADO
This exercise is provided to allow potential course delegates to choose the correct Wise Owl Microsoft training course, and may not be reproduced in whole or in part in any format without the prior written consent of Wise Owl.
You can learn how to do this exercise if you attend one of more of the courses listed below!
You need a minimum screen resolution of about 700 pixels width to see our exercises. This is because they contain diagrams and tables which would not be viewable easily on a mobile phone or small laptop. Please use a larger tablet, notebook or desktop computer, or change your screen resolution settings.
The database in the above folder contains a single table called tblBeatles, listing for each Beatle the following fields (the database is in Access 2007/2010 format, so you won't be able to open it in Access 2003):
- Dob (the Beatle's date of birth)
- Verdict (what you think about them)
Create a macro and assign it to the ADD THIS BEATLE button so that when you click on the button, Excel adds a record to the Beatles database:
You'll need to create a connection string and open a recordset
If you get this working, create a macro and assign it to the LIST BEATLES button so that the macro reads the Beatles' names into an array from the database, then loops over this array to build up a message which it then displays:
The result of running your macro to list the Beatles
Save this workbook as Beatles input form, then close it down.


Analysis of European style copper lamp
by：EME LIGHTING 2020-01-23
Modern European style; Also known as neoclassical style;. Modern European-style all-copper lamp design style, from simple to complicated, from the whole to the part, finely crafted, inlaid with flowers and gold, gives a meticulous impression. On the one hand, it retains the general style of all-copper lamp materials and colors, making people feel the historical traces of stealing tradition and the rich cultural heritage. At the same time, it abandons the overly complicated texture and decoration of all-copper lamps and simplifies the lines. The modern European style of copper lamps is more like a diversified way of thinking, combining the romantic feelings of nostalgia with the needs of modern people for life, compatible with luxury, elegance and fashion, it reflects the personalized aesthetic viewpoint and cultural taste in the post-industrial era. 1, the shape is scattered; It is the main feature of modern European copper lamp style. While paying attention to the decorative effect, modern techniques and materials are used to restore the classical temperament of all-copper lamps. The neoclassical style all-copper lamps have both classical and modern aesthetic effects, the perfect combination also gives people spiritual comfort while enjoying material civilization. 2, stress style, all copper lamps in the design is not antique, nor retro but the pursuit of similarity. 3. Use simplified methods, modern materials and processing techniques to pursue the general outline characteristics of traditional all-copper lamps. 4. All-copper lamps pay attention to the decorative effect. Indoor furnishings are used to enhance the historical context. Classical facilities, furniture and furnishings are often copied to set off the indoor environment atmosphere. 5. White, gold, yellow and dark red are the common main colors in European style. A small amount of white is mixed to make the color look bright.
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Tinos and the pigeons houses
"When the Venetians came to Tinos in 1207, they first brought pigeons to the island. Pigeons were initially housed in roughly made dovecots, until the familiar pigeon-houses, those masterpieces of architecture, where constructed by the popular self-taught masons of Tinos. Having plenty of readily available schist to use as raw material, they started to build and decorate the famous pigeon-houses. Pigeon-houses are scattered across the island; most of them are at Mesa Meri and Kato Meri, and less at the Exo Meri, built on hill slopes and close to gullies and cultivated fields, so that pigeons can find food and water. There are almost one thousands of them, equal in number to the old country churches. There are no identical two, because each time the owner and the mason wanted to surpass the others, giving a different volume and decoration to the structure. Certainly there are pigeon-houses on other Cycladic islands, but they have nothing common with those in Tinos."
2017-02-12 19:25:34 2019-01-14 16:10:26


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How To Sing Well In Chillier Weather
We all know how difficult it can be during the colder months in Canada – everything takes longer, and sometimes it's so cold, it's dangerous to be out in the elements for too long. This kind of weather has a direct impact on singers as well, so here are three tips to help you sing well during those cold winter months:
#1. Dress for Success:
Dressing for the weather just seems like common sense, but there are a few extra things you can do to help your voice out. Anytime your body shivers, you are creating tension, which directly impacts your sound. Make sure you're wearing enough layers so that your body doesn't need to shiver to create warmth. Protect your neck with a scarf, and try to cover your mouth and nose if it's really cold outsie.
#2. Nourish Yourself:
It can be easy to forget to eat well, since we often turn to more comfortable food fare during the winter months. It's especially important before a concert to ensure that you're giving your body the best food and drink possible, so that you can be at your best. Hydration is especially important during winter months, since we often have to exert ourselves more, and the city is so dry in the winter. Make sure you're drinking enough water!
#3. Warm-up Well:
It's important to always warm-up before singing, but this becomes especially important during the winter months. Because of the dry air, and the cold air, our bodies produce more mucus, and dries our throat out. Give yourself an extra few minutes to warm up, and make sure to hydrate as you sing!
How else can you prepare yourself to sing well in chillier weather? Tell us in the comments below!


Developing multiethnic youth language in Helsinki
This Chapter is currently unavailable for purchase.
This paper discusses the phenomena of youth language in multiethnic suburbs in Eastern Helsinki. The paper describes how adolescents make use of multiethnic social reality and the linguistic resources of their surroundings, i.e. different languages as well as varieties of Finnish. The possibility of the emergence of new multiethnic youth varieties or styles (Quist 2008) is discussed. The paper is mainly based on a sociolinguistic study conducted in 2002–2004 (Lehtonen 2004) and the data consist of participant observation, recorded interviews and other audio and video recordings. In the data, phenomena such as stylisation and language crossing (Rampton 1995) and a continuum from code-switching to language mixing (Auer 1999) can be observed.
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Miniature Fountain Grass is the smallest Pennisetum
A dense clump, with downy bottlebrush spikes and yellow autumnal colouring, Pennisetum alopecuroides 'Little Bunny' has the same traits as the very popular Pennisetum 'Hameln'.
The difference is that this miniature less than 40 cm in height and that it is the ideal ornamental grass for small gardens or pot growing.
Preferably grow in the sun in ordinary, well-drained soil.
- 9,5cm pot
- Hardiness zones : zone 7-10
- Height: 30 to 50cm
- Plant spacing: 40 cm
- Flower colour:
- Flowering period:
Easy to grow plant£3.99
This fountain grass forms vigorous clumps of straight, bluish leaves.from £3.49
Giant Fountain Grassfrom £3.99
A remarkable cultivar£4.29
For natural gardens.from £3.99
Oriental Fountain Grass or Designer's Dream!from £3.99
Synonyms: Pennisetum massaicum, Pennisetum 'Red Bunny Tails'£6.29


List of metropolitan areas that overlap multiple countries
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Here is a list of metroplexes that overlap multiple countries:
Excluded from list is:
 - City-states being part of the overlap. One example of that would be Rome since Vatican City is isolated within Italy.
Within the European Union[edit]
Elsewhere in Europe[edit]
Polish Tricity, Gdynia (a city built to become a port of the Second Polish Republic) and its neighbours Gdańsk and Sopot, overlapped two borders in the period _PHONE_:
North America[edit]
Between Canada and the United States[edit]
This list is from west to east:
Between Mexico and the United States[edit]
South America[edit]


FIG Foundation - Building a Sustainable Future
FIG Foundation Grant for Young Surveyors' educational and training activities
The FIG Foundation may contribute a maximum of 5000 euro's to support travel and accommodation costs for young surveyors to participate in surveying (See the FIG Definition of the Functions of a Surveyor education or training activities. Funded events are likely to be part of a Commission's Working Plan or part of the activities associated with a FIG Working Week/Conference.
Young surveyors are those as defined by the FIG Young Surveyors Network. Preference will be given to young surveyors from countries listed by the World Bank as a low-income, lower-middle or upper-middle income economy.
The application and post grant reporting procedure should be as follows:
 1. The grant covers travel and accommodation costs. Registration costs are excluded. These shall be covered by the event organisers or through other funding sources.
 2. The application may be prepared and submitted by the organisers of the activity / event. If the event is tied to or part a Commission's activities, the Commission Chair shall co-sign the application.
 3. The application shall be submitted to the FIG Foundation at least 90 days before the activity.
 4. The application shall be structured as follows:
 1. A description of the Commission (s) involved / FIG Working Week / Conference,
 2. A description of the activity,
 3. The benefits to the young surveyors who are intending to participate in the activity / event,
 4. The benefit to FIG of the young surveyors participation,
 5. The selection procedure of potential participants (e.g. education levels),
 6. A description of how the grant will be managed,
 7. Intended dedication of the grant,
 8. Other sources of funds.
 9. A budget and a justification for the budget. If airfares are part of the budget, applicants should do a search of fares for travel from different possible locations.
 6. Within 60 days after the activity, the organisers and the Commission Chair(s) as co-signatories shall send a report to the FIG Foundation which covers:
 1. A brief report of the activity,
 2. The outcomes realised for the young surveyors as measured against the proposed outcomes,
 3. The benefit to FIG of the young surveyors participation as compared with the proposed benefits,
 4. The management of the granting process as compared with what was proposed
 5. An appendix explaining and comparing budgeted expenses against actual expenses
Send your proposal by email to:
FIG Office August 2019


text:
grounder in a sentence
Example sentences for grounder
It is as much a part of the game as a grounder taking a bad hop.
Hitting high or low will determine if the ball is a grounder or a fly ball.
You're playing shortstop and the batter hits a grounder to you.


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With the release of Solr 7.0 and introduction of new replica types, in addition to the defa?ult NRT type the question appeared – can we control the queries and where they are executed? Can we tell Solr to execute the queries only on the PULL replicas or give TLOG replicas a priority? Let's check that out.
The first control option that we have in SolrCloud is the shards parameter. Using it we can directly control which shards should be used for querying. For example we can provide a logical shard name in our query:
The first of the above queries will be executed only on those shards that are grouped under the logical shard1 name. The second query will be executed on logical shard1, shard2 and shard3, while the third query will be executed on the shards that are deployed on the localhost:6683 node on the test collection
There is also a possibility to do load balancing across instances, for example:
The above query will be executed on instance running on port 6683 or on the one running on port 7783.
While the shards parameter gives us some degree of control where the query should be executed it is not exactly what we would like to have. However to use a certain type of replica we would have to get the data about the physical layout of the shards and this is not something that we would like to do. Because of that the shards.preference parameter has been introduced to Solr. It allows us to tell Solr what type of replicas should have the priority when executing query.
For example, to tell Solr that PULL type replicas should have priority when the query is executed one should add the shards.preference parameter to the query and set it to replica.type:PULL:
The nice thing is that we can tell Solr that first PULL replicas should be used and then if they are not available TLOG replicas should be used:
We can also define that PULL types replicas should be used first and if they are not available local shards should have the priority:
In addition to the above example we can also define priority based on location of the replicas. For example if our 192.168.1.1 Solr node is way more powerful compared to the others and we would like to first prioritize PULL replicas and then the mentioned Solr node we would run the following query:
The discussed parameters and the shards.preference in particular with its replica.type value can be very useful when we are using SolrCloud with different types of replicas. Telling Solr that we would like to prefer PULL or TLOG replicas we can lower the query based pressure on the NRT replicas and thus have better performance of the whole cluster. What's more – dividing the replicas can help us in achieving query performance that is close what Solr master – slave architecture provides without sacrificing all the goodies that come with SolrCloud itself.


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I'm not sure this is an answer, but it got too long to be a comment! The projectivity of $G/B$ seems to me to follow from two facts: a) a homogeneous space $G/H$ is always a quasi-projective variety (which is due to Chevalley), and b) the variety $G/B$ must be complete.
The first fact clearly has nothing to do with Borel subgroups but it would be maybe interesting to ask about how many proofs we have of it. The idea of the construction is clear: find a representation of $G$ which contains a line $L$ which has $H$ as its stabilizer and then take the orbit of $L$ in $\mathbb P(V)$, but to see that you get a categorical quotient this way takes some more care: you need to use some infinitesimal properties, (which you can tidily say using the Lie algebra of course).
The second fact perhaps depends on what you're willing to assume, but it must come down to the Borel fixed point theorem in some form or other, since this tells you that if $G/H$ is complete, then any solvable subgroup will be contained in a conjugate of $H$, thus Borel subgroups are the only solvable subgroups with a chance of having an associated homogeneous space which is complete.
The argument from Humphreys' book uses the strategy of picking first a maximal solvable subgroup of largest dimension so as to show the orbit has to be closed (essentially because the stabilizer is largest so the orbit has smallest, but even then you use the Borel fixed point and the theorem for $GL_n$ if I remember correctly). I don't know how Onishchik and Vinberg get around this (if they do). Then, as the question says, you get the general result from the Borel fixed point theorem.
The proof for $GL_n$ shows that $G/B$ is projective if you take $B$ to be the subgroup of upper triangular matrices, but one still needs to show that this subgroup is a Borel, which again I only know how to do using the Borel fixed point theorem in some form. (And of course you can use the same strategy for other classical groups if you can eyeball a candidate Borel subgroup).
Given that, it's maybe worth pointing out that in all of this you can get away with a weak version of the Borel fixed point theorem: namely if $V$ is a representation of a solvable group $H$, and $X$ is an $H$-stable closed subvariety of $\mathbb P(V)$ then $X$ has an $H$-fixed point. This can be shown just using the Lie-Kolchin theorem (that is, that a representation of a solvable group contains a one-dimensional subrepresentation), which can be proved directly. Since the standard proof of the general Borel fixed point requires you to use something like Zariski's main theorem, this is maybe a noticeable saving.
All of this leads me to wonde how many proofs do we know for i) the fact that for any closed subgroup $H$ the homogeneous space $G/H$ has to be quasi-projective and ii) the Borel fixed point theorem (or some variant)?


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Definition of Anglocentric in English:
Centred on or considered in terms of England or Britain: an Anglocentric, white view of Australian history
More example sentences
- He's critical of the Anglocentric view which defines Caribbean literature as Walcott, Naipaul and not much else.
- Few things are so hypocritical than the cry of 'racism' when an outsider correctly skewers both England's arrogant, underachieving football team and the grossly Anglocentric British media.
- His Scottish kingship was not in any way a trial run for kingship of England; modern scholars of Anglocentric persuasion may make the mistake of thinking that it was, but his English subjects never made that mistake.
Definition of Anglocentric in:
- US English dictionary
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
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Flamingo nXt
easy rendering for Rhino in Windows
Product Materials and Lights
This tutorial shows how to render a Rhino model using nXt. The model includes some images that will be used as decals and a material library.
Support files for this tutorial can be downloaded here...
The tutorial covers:
 - Inserting materials from a library
 - Adding a decal to the rendering
 - Adding a spotlight to the rendering
To begin:
 1. Open the model Rackmount Start.
 2. Renderthe model.
 This model is setup to add materials out of a material library.
 3. To activate the material library press on the Material Tab and the Folderbutton:
 This opens the location of the Material Libraries for NXT. Each material is a separate file in a series of standard directories on your hard-drive. Navigate to the folder called Stereo Materials that you downloaded with the Rhino model.
 Unlike previous versions of Flamingo, once a material is assigned to a model, it is stored within the model. In this model we will assign the materials to separate layers. Do this by Opening the layer control and then dragging the materials to the layer.
 4. Render the model.
 The result should look like this:
To add a decal:
While this is a good start, the face of the rack unit would benefit from decal graphics that mark the controls.
A decal is a way to apply a single bitmap to an object. It can be used to apply labels and images to objects in the scene.
 1. Select the face of the stereo.
 2. On the Properties dialog, change the dropdown to Flamingo nXt Decals.
 3. On the Properties dialog, Flamingo nXt Decals press the Addbutton.
 4. Select the bitmap Label.png.
 5. On the Decal Properties dialog, make sure the Projection is Planar, and then press the Placebutton.
 6. Place the decal by snapping to the Lower Left Endpoint, then the Lower Right Endpoint, and the Upper Left Endpoint on the front of the face, the press Enter.
 This will place the label correctly on the face of the rack unit.
 7. Render the model.
 The result should look like this:
To add a ground plane:
Next step in the tutorial is to add a ground plane for the unit to sit on.
 1. To do this, go to the Environment tab, Ground plane section, check Enabled.
 2. Press the Material button and select Reflective Base for the ground plane material.
 3. Render the model.
 The result should look like this:
To add a spotlight:
A next step might be to add a spotlight on the rack system to vary the lighting a little. The lighting in studio mode is controlled by an HDRI file, but we can also add another spotlight to the rendering.
 1. Insert a Spotlight that highlights the face of the stereo.
 2. Render the model.
 The spotlight draws attention and interest to the front of the unit.
To depth of field:
For small studio objects it is sometimes nice to add depth of field to accentuate the depth of the object.
 1. To do this, go to the Render tab, Depth of field section, check Enabled.
 2. Set the Focal distance by pressing the button, and snap to one of the LED lights. This will set the point in the scene that is in focus. The Strength slider adjusts the focus in front of and behind the focal point.
 3. Render the model.
 Depth of field can take a few passes to resolve. The first few passes might be rough in appearance. The final image should look like this:
© 2014 Created by Scott Davidson.
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Definition of:multiplayer gaming
multiplayer gaming
Two or more people playing a game on the computer and competing with each other over the Internet or inhouse local network (LAN). The traditional card games such as bridge and poker emulate a deck of playing cards. However, video games also allow players to compete within a simulated environment that takes them into a fantasy world. See MMOG, MMORPG and gaming.
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Final Cut Pro: What is a Multiclip?
Final Cut Pro has had a multiclip function since its early inception, and while there were some problems with the system initially, the multiclip function works just as well as any other part of the Final Cut Pro creation. Some of the functions of a multiclip may not be familiar to the average user, but so long as you are familiar with the basic principle of cut and paste, you should be able to create a decent multiclip.
Multiclip Functions
Multiclip uses more than one camera to produce a series of clips, which are then played at the same time. It is possible to play more than 100 clips together using multiclip, although it is more reasonable to use only three or four tracks. Rather than layering the clips over each other, as you would with two cameras focused upon a single point, the user needs to play the pictures simultaneously. This can be done very simply using Final Cut Pro.
Preparing the Clips
In order to make the clips work in the program, you will need to ensure that they have the same ratios and bits in their pictures, and that there is no conflict between the types of movie file that they have been saved under. If necessary, edit all of the files before you start using multiclip, and save them in the same system under one folder. This will make them easy to access when you come to using them.
Pick One Point
You need to pick one point in your clips which is the same in each different angle. It is this point which will help you to create the synchronicity, which ensures that your multiclip film works as a piece of art. You can use a camera flash, an animal or a color which appears to focus all of your clips. Use an In or Out marker to indicate the place where you have located this one point.
Using the Multiclip Dialog Box
The first place that you should look when you open multiclip is the dialog box. This box will help you to make the multiclips, and allow you to tell your Final Cut Pro software how you want the clips to be synchronized. You can synchronize your clips in one of three ways: by using the In marker as the starting point, the Out Marker, or by using the timecode. This will ensure that all of your clips play at the same rate.
Check Your Pictures Using Multiclip
You can check your pictures using the viewer window. Run all of your clips together, so that you can ensure that they run at the same time. You should ensure that the timelines for each event match up, and if you spot any particular problems with your timeline, remove the multiclips from the viewer, and take them back to the browser or timeline windows.
Popular P&S Cameras for High Quality Photos:


YOU MAD? Regional variations in anger expressed in tweets
"You mad?" – The internet, it seems, represents a perfect place to vent anger, start a flamewar, and engage in uncivil behavior. Especially in unmoderated comment forums, the combination of distance and anonymity can be a driving force for vitriolic behavior (see Why on is Everyone on the Internet So Angry?)
In this exploration into my big data set of geo-tagged tweets, I examine anger and hatred. Unlike internet comment threads, twitter users are not anonymous. Yet anger on twitter remains a concern for many. Researchers have compared the anger response in twitter as psychologically similar to road rage – it acts at more of a distance, it happens more quickly, and it is more explosive. Furthermore, of all the emotions expressed on social media, it seems that anger is the quickest emotion to spread. In a short time, anger and rage can spread within several degrees of separation.
In this analysis, I have more modest aims:
 - Track anger expressed by usage of the words "anger" and "hate" and their multiple forms (e.g., anger, angry, angriest, etc.)
 - Track anger expressed by emotions (?????? )
 - Examine how word and emoticon expressions of anger corroborate each other
 - Examine regional variations expressions of anger
Analysis of 24 million geo-tagged tweets show that on average, 0.78% tweets are using forms of the word "hate" or "anger." That's not a lot. Of course, there are other ways to express anger in a tweet, and this is just a rough tool. On average, 0.30% of tweets use the anger emoticons. The image shows the hot-spot analysis of regional differences in the distribution of tweets (words and emoticons). Fully red sections use anger statistically significantly more in tweets, fully blue sections use anger less in tweets. The map shows a few things:
 - There is significant regional variation in the use of anger signifiers, and these regional difference represent stable and relatively large regions (not county by county)
How big are those regional differences? In some cases, the differences are small. Some of the orange and red areas are only slightly above the nationwide average (0.90% vs. 0.78%). Sometimes the difference is stark. For example, portions of Michigan and Texas (at 1.5%) are six times more likely to express anger than portions of Hawaii (at 0.25%), and four times more likely as a state like New Jersey (at 0.5%).
Why do these difference exist? I do not know. Perhaps there are some regional differences in expectations for civility, or different norms for if (or how) the same emotion is conveyed online. Perhaps people in different parts of the country are simply less angry than other parts. I did try lining up this map with some socio-economic indicators like crime-rate, unemployment rate, income distribution, and others. I didn't get very far.
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Approvals - Crossword Clue
Crossword Clue Last Updated: 05/07/2020
Below are possible answers for the crossword clue Approvals.
4 letter answer(s) to approvals
 1. express or signify by nodding; "He nodded his approval"
 2. the act of nodding the head
 3. sway gently back and forth, as in a nodding motion; "the flowers were nodding in the breeze"
 4. a sign of assent or salutation or command
 5. be almost asleep; "The old man sat nodding by the fireplace"
 6. let the head fall forward through drowsiness; "The old man was nodding in his chair"
 7. lower and raise the head, as to indicate assent or agreement or confirmation; "The teacher nodded when the student gave the right answer"
3 letter answer(s) to approvals
5 letter answer(s) to approvals
6 letter answer(s) to approvals
Other crossword clues with similar answers to 'Approvals'
Still struggling to solve the crossword clue 'Approvals'?
If you're still haven't solved the crossword clue Approvals then why not search our database by the letters you have already!


text:
According to folklore, you can predict the weather with a persimmon seed. Here's how to do it:
Cut open a persimmon seed. (Find persimmon fruit in your supermarket. It should be locally-grown to reflect your weather.)
Look at the shape of the kernel inside.
- If the kernel is spoon-shaped, lots of heavy, wet snow will fall. Spoon = shovel!
- If it is fork-shaped, you can expect powdery, light snow and a mild winter.
- If the kernel is knife-shaped, expect to be "cut" by icy, cutting winds.
It's best to use ripe seeds.
That's it! Now, what did you see?


text: AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the dimensional stability of oriented strand boards (OSBs) with the core layer made of fine wood chips when the boards were exposed to air of variable relative humidity (30%, 65%, and 85%). The share of fine wood chips, intended for the particleboard core layer or originating from comminution of unrefined particleboards, accounted for 50% or 100% of the core layer mass. This study revealed much greater changes in the length of the board's shorter axis, regardless of the type of fine wood chips in the core layer. These changes increased with an increasing share of this type of chips in the core layer. More pronounced changes in thickness were observed for particleboards containing 50% of the fine chips. The research also showed that the relative changes in linear dimensions were slightly smaller in OSBs containing 50% of wood chips from the comminution of unrefined particleboards than in the boards with a core layer made from wood chips designed for this purpose.


text:
This article explains how to view the hardware serial number in EMC Elastic Cloud Search (ECS). There is a difference between the License Serial number and the Hardware Serial number.
OnCommand Insight (OCI) always displays the License Serial Number of ECS.
In EMC ECS, we have the following information:
PSNT = Hardware serial number
SWID = License serial number
ECS uses the SWID as the identifier on how storage nodes are identified. The SWID is also visible in OCI as the serial number; this is the License serial number.


Specifications Explained: NI DSA & SC Express DAQ
The specification manuals for NI Dynamic Signal Acquisition (DSA) & NI SC Express Data Acquisition (DAQ) devices and modules provide the technical details necessary to determine or choose which DAQ device or module is best suited for your application, and as a reference to validate device or module performance during system development. This document provides definitions of the terminology used, in a glossary format, to illustrate the importance and relevance of each specification.
This guide is broken up into the same sections as most NI specifications manuals. Terms and definitions below are listed in alphabetical order and may occur in a different order in the specification manuals. This guide exclusively applies to 44xx (DSA) and 43xx (SC Express) DAQ devices and modules. Other NI product families such as Multifunction I/O (MIO) DAQ, cDAQ and cRIO Chassis and Controllers, 91xx, 92xx, 94xx C Series Modules, Multifunction RIO 78xx R Series, Digital Multimeters, Scopes/Digitizers and other instruments may use different terminology or methods to derive specifications and as such, this guide should not be used as a reference for devices and modules other than those in the DSA and SC Express DAQ families.
Understanding Specification Terminology
First, it is important to note the categorical difference between various specifications. NI defines the capabilities and performance of its Test & Measurement instruments as either Specifications, Typical Specifications, and Characteristic or Supplemental Specifications. See your devices' specifications manual for more details on which specifications are warranted or typical.
 - Specifications characterize the warranted performance of the instrument within the recommended calibration interval and under the stated operating conditions.
 - Typical Specifications are specifications met by the majority of the instruments within the recommended calibration interval and under the stated operating conditions. Typical specifications are not warranted.
 - Characteristic or Supplemental Specifications describe basic functions and attributes of the instrument established by design or during development and not evaluated during Verification or Adjustment. They provide information that is relevant for the adequate use of the instrument that is not included in the previous definitions.
Analog Input Specifications
NI DSA and SC Express devices and modules typically only have analog input or analog output systems. There are specifications unique to DSA or SC Express, but also some specifications which apply to both. This section is organized in three sections to cover the common specifications, DSA analog input specific, and SC Express analog input specific.
Common Analog Input Specifications
Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) Type
Successive Approximation Register (SAR)
An ADC which converts an analog signal into a discrete digital representation by using a binary search to match a created voltage to the provided signal voltage.
An ADC architecture consisting of a 1-bit ADC and filtering circuitry which over-samples the input signal and performs noise-shaping to achieve a high-resolution digital output.
Oversample Rate
This terminology applies only to modules with delta-sigma ADCs. Delta-sigma ADCs use sample rates that are large multiples, such as 128 times the Nyquist rate for a given signal. For example, to sample a 25 kHz signal, a sample rate greater than the Nyquist rate (that is above 50 kHz) would be sufficient. However, a delta-sigma ADC using an oversample rate of 128 times, samples the signal at 6 MHz. This approach has several benefits, such as better anti-aliasing and higher resolution.
The oversampled data is processed by a digital filter within the ADC before the data is made available as an output. Since it takes a non-zero amount of time for the oversampled data to be processed by the digital filter, the output data rate is always lower than the oversample rate. The output data rate equals to the oversample rate divided by the ADC decimation ratio.
ADC Resolution
Resolution is the smallest amount of input signal change that a device or sensor can detect. The number of bits used to represent an analog signal determines the resolution of the ADC.
The NI PXIe-4300 is a 16-bit device, which means that lowest amplitude change that can be detected on the ±5 V range is 0.152 mV. On the ± 0.1 V range, this value is 3.05 µV.
This specification will state what frequencies are available to be used as the timebase frequency.
Specified typically in ppm, this specifies how far from the listed frequency the actual timebase frequency can be. This specification is subject to the device's cal interval spec.
This will state what external routes are available to be used as external timebases.
Reference Clock
Locking Frequencies
Typically shown in a table, this will show based on the reference signal provided what are valid locking frequencies for reference clock synchronization.
This will display what are valid reference clock sources for the device. This will typically consist of the onboard clock and the chassis backplane clock.
Filter Group Delay (ADC Filter Delay)
Analog Delay
This filter delay is the result of the signal passing through an analog filter on the device. The values of this will vary based on the range/gain being used on the device.
Digital Filter Delay
 Uncompensated Group Delay
This filter delay is the result of the following: analog filter delay, buffered mode digital filter, or hardware-timed single point mode filter. This delay is not compensated for when synchronizing and will need to be accounted for to not see a phase shift in the data.
Compensated Group Delay
This filter delay is the result of the anti-aliasing filter working in a bufered mode. When synchronized with other hardware this delay will be automatically compensated for.
Base Filter Group Delay
This delay is of a result of the signal passing through the digital anti-aliasing filter on the device. It is a partial component of the Compensated Group Delay spec, and is determined by the input frequency provided to the module.
Variable Filter Group Delay
This delay is of a result of the signal passing through the digital anti-aliasing filter on the device. It is a partial component of the Compensated Group Delay spec and is determined by the sample rate currently being used on the module.
Bandwidth/ Alias Rejection
Passband/ Alias-Free Bandwidth
The passband/Alias-Free Bandwidth is the defined as the frequency range starting at DC to the point where the anti-aliasing filter reaches its' -0.1 dB point. This range is where the signal being measured should exist to get a proper measurement
The PXIe-4464 lists its Alias-free bandwidth (BW) (passband) as "DC to 0.454 * fs" meaning from DC to 0.45 4 times your sample frequency will be the passband for your current measurement
Stopband/Alias Rejection
The stopband/alias rejection is defined by 2 parts, an attenuation or rejection spec as well as a frequency spec. The attenuation/rejection defines the minimum amount of attenuation that will be applied to the signal, while the frequency determines where the starting point for that attenuation will occur.
The specification for the PXIe-4330 is shown below.
For the PXIe-4330 this means that signals found at a frequency of 0.55 times the sample frequency will see an attenuation of 100 dB from the original signal.
Minimum Frequency for Alias Hole
The delta-sigma ADCs on devices include an oversampled architecture and sharp digital filters with cut-off frequencies that track the sampling rate. Due to how the digital filter is designed inside of the ADC, there becomes a small hole, where in theory aliases could be seen, at larger frequencies.
Rejection at Alias Hole
To combat the alias holes left by the ADC an analog fixed frequency filter is applied to high frequency components along the analog path. This specifies what rejection those high frequency components will see.
Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR)
When the same signal is seen on the positive and negative inputs of an amplifier, the CMRR specifies how much of this signal is rejected from the final output (typically measured in dB). An ideal amplifier will remove 100% of the common mode signal, but this is not achievable in implementation.
The NI PXIe-4300 has a CMRR of 100 dB for the 5 V range. This means that it will attenuate common mode voltages by 100,000x. If the signal being measured is a 5 Vpk sine wave, and the offset or common voltage between the positive and negative inputs is 5 VDC, the final output will reject or attenuate the 5 VDC input to 5 µV. CMRR is not included in accuracy derivations and should be accounted for separately if the signal measured contains common mode voltages.
The measure of how much a signal on one channel can couple onto, or affect, an adjacent channel. Crosstalk exists any time an amplitude-varying signal is present on a wire or PCB trace that is physically close to another wire or PCB trace.
The NI PXIe-4464 has a crosstalk specification of -95 dB for adjacent channels and -125 dB for non-adjacent channels when using its' -10 dB Gain range. This means that channel ai2 will have a crosstalk specification of -95 dB between channels ai1 and ai3, and a crosstalk specification of -125 dB to all other ai channels.
Some modules such as the NI 4461 and NI 4464 support both DC and AC coupled modes. When DC coupling mode is selected, any DC offset in the source signal is passed on to the ADC. When AC


text:
Publication: Research - peer-review › Journal article – Annual report year: 2010
Problem of high energy use for heating in Slovenian buildings is analyzed with exergy and energy analysis. Results of both are compared and discussed. Three cases of exterior building walls are located in three climatic zones in winter conditions. Results of energy analyses show that the highest heating energy demand appears in the case with less thermal insulation, especially in colder climate. lithe comparison is made only on the energy supply and exergy supply, the results of exergy analysis are the same as those of energy analysis. The main difference appears, if the whole chain of supply and demand is taken into consideration. Exergy calculations enable us to analyze how much exergy is consumed in which part, from boiler to building envelope. They also reveal how much energy is supplied for the purpose of heating. Results show that insulation has much bigger effect than effect of boiler efficiency. However, the most effective solution is to improve building envelope together with boiler efficiency. Better thermal insulation also makes an important contribution to the improvement of thermal comfort conditions. It causes higher surface temperatures resulting in a larger warm radiant exergy emission rate and consequently better thermal comfort.
|Citations||Web of Science® Times Cited: 15|
- Exergy, Slovenian buildings, Space heating


text:
Yung-Joon Jung, Mehmet R. Dokmeci, Jin-Goo Park
Date of Award
Doctor of Philosophy
Department or Academic Unit
College of Engineering. Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering.
Cleaning, Contamination Control, Laser induced shockwave, Particle
Engineering | Mechanical Engineering
As surface contamination by submicron particulates becomes a critical issue in semiconductor industry, efforts have been made to develop noncontact effective laser-based cleaning techniques. The laser shockwave cleaning (LSC) process is one of the promising techniques that has been demonstrated to be effective for inorganic particle dry removal. In the cleaning process, the surface is not directly exposed to irradiation of laser beam, which eliminate the possibility of potential surface damage. In addition, a relatively large area can be cleaned by a single laser pulse. However, even though this technology has those distinct advantages, LSC technique has a difficulty in removing organic particles, which removal mechanism hasn't been found yet. Recently, the laser shockwave cleaning technique has been combined with ultraviolet (UV) laser for organic particle removal. But, when UV laser cleaning is used in this hybrid approach with LSC, optimization is required to ensure damage free cleaning. This is required whenever a new surface is used.
The reason for ineffectiveness in organic particle removal using LSC has been investigated. The shock wave pressure is sufficiently strong to deform soft particles such as organic particles increasing the contact radius between the particle and the substrate, which leads to higher adhesion force. The deformation of organic particle occurs during LSC process has been verified with high angle SEM images of 300nm PSL particles exposed to laser shockwaves. For theoretical calculation of the contact radius between 300nm PSL particles and Si substrate, the shockwave speed has been measured using newly designed two-probe beam deflection method and The Maugis-Pollock theory is applied. The predicted contact radius agrees with the experimental measurements. Removal moment ratio of PSL particle and silica particle has been also analyzed when applying LSC. It shows that silica particles can be easily removed by LSC, while soft (PSL) particles smaller than 1ìm in diameter will be harder to remove. It has been also verified experimentally with three different sized PSL particles such as 300nm, 600nm and 2μm. The removal efficiency of 2μm PSL particles is more than 90%, while in the case of 300nm and 600nm PSL particles, they are 30% and 60% respectively.
In order to remove organic particles, a wet laser shockwave cleaning (WLSC) technique has been refined successfully for wafer scale cleaning as well as for more efficient particle removal. This technique utilizes the advantage of using water to reduce the adhesion force by an order of magnitude, utilize the double layer repulsive force, eliminate the capillary force encountered in dry LSC and increase the drag force by increasing the medium density (by three orders of magnitude). In order to evaluate cleaning performance of the wet laser shockwave cleaning technique, removal of either organic particles or inorganic particles using different size particles have been investigated and compared to original LSC. Complete WLSC removal of 300nm PSL particles as well as 280nm silica particles was achieved. In addition, 28nm PSL particles were successfully removed by WLSC. The removal mechanism for wet laser shockwave cleaning has been investigated using computational fluid dynamics as well as shadow-graphic photography. Removal moment ratio for PSL and silica particle removal using WLSC has been also analyzed and compared to experimental results, but it shows the disagreement between them in the case of PSL particles. Based on the assumption that the water could be compressed due to the shockwave pressure perpendicular to the substrate leading to a decrease in the water film thickness, the removal moment ratio has been reanalyzed. As a result, it has been shown that when the thickness of the water film decreases to less than 1μm, 28nm PSL particles can be successfully removed.
Kim, Tae-Hoon, "Nanoscale particle removal using conventional and hybrid laser shockwave cleaning" (2010). Mechanical Engineering Dissertations. Paper 13. _URL_
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Jakarta Post
Digital donations - new potential to accelerate philanthropy
 - Oscar Casalderrey and Kevin Prathama
Jakarta / Sat, March 6, 2021 / 01:08 am
Digital donations - new potential to accelerate philanthropy Paying donation: 'Zakat' (alms) commitee member serves a man paying alms at istiqlal mosque in Jakarta. (The Jakarta Post/Seto Wardhana)
The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted 10 years of progress made towards eradicating poverty, increasing health standards, and improving access to education. At the same time however, philanthropy and digital donations have become increasingly important in addressing pressing needs and contributing to the achievement of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
During the COVID-19 pandemic, many Indonesians have been expressing their generosity and supporting each other. The 2018 World Giving Index has acknowledged Indonesians as among the most generous countries in the world. With lockdowns and physical distancing restrictions in place during the pandemic, many have chosen to make their donations via online platforms to show their support and solidarity.
To understand trends in digital donations during the COVID-19 pandemic, Kopernik and GoPay collaborated on research with 1,319 respondents across 29 Indonesian provinces. The research, which is the first comprehensive research to map the digital donation ecosystem in Indonesia, shows that overall donations, both conventional and digital, increased in value by 20 percent during the pandemic, while the average value per digital donation increased by 72 percent during the same period.
The research found that millennials (age 24-39 years old) as the most frequent donors among the surveyed population, making 1.5 donations on average per month, while Gen-X (age 40-55 years old) made donations with the highest monetary value. During the pandemic, health and social issues became increasingly popular causes for people to contribute to, accounting for 27 percent and 28 percent of total donations respectively.
The pandemic has shed light on the potential of digital donations to mobilize people, particularly the younger generations who tend to be more tech-savvy, to take part in collaborative actions to support urgent needs. Unlike conventional donations, digital fundraising initiatives which typically spread through social media can reach a much larger audience transcending geographic and time boundaries to raise funds quickly for emergency needs.
With technological advancements, people can easily make donations using mobile apps and digital donation platforms from wherever they are, without the hassle of going out. People also have the freedom to choose their preferred donation amount when using digital payment systems.
The key players in the digital donation ecosystem recognize the growing trend of online donations. Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), one of the key stakeholders benefiting from these developments, have been shifting their strategies to incorporate digital donations as a key source of their funding. Kitabisa - one of the top digital donation platforms reported a 25-fold increase in the number of NGO fundraising campaigns over the past four years. The NGOs we spoke with reported that setting up online donation campaigns and promoting them through social media has been relatively easy and impactful, especially for emergency responses.
Religious institutions managing zakat (Islamic charitable contributions) for decades, such as Amil Zakat Institutions (LAZ), reported that the value of digital donations received, has been doubling each year, for the past five years. In Indonesia. According to the Outlook Zakat Indonesia 2020, the total potential value of zakat donations from Indonesia's Muslim citizens has been calculated at Rp 233 trillion (US$16.6 billion), while the current amount of zakat donations is estimated to be around Rp 8 trillion or 3.4 percent of the total potential. This indicates a big opportunity for digital donations to support religious institutions to make it easier for people to donate by digitizing their zakat collections.
Public figures and influencers, with significant numbers of online supporters, also show an increasing interest in setting up campaigns on crowdfunding platforms and mobilizing their followers to support a range of causes. Collaborations between crowdfunding platforms and influencers and public figures could be a strategic opportunity to increase online donations for worthwhile campaigns.
The Indonesian government has also acknowledged the contribution of digital donations in boosting collaborative efforts to support charities. To support the growth of the online donation sector, the government plans to regulate the digital donations ecosystem to improve its credibility and transparency in order to gain people's trust when making contributions.
Despite the growing trend of digital donations, the research found that 24 percent of respondents are still reluctant to make a digital donation. The main reasons stated were a lack of knowledge about digital donation platforms and a lack of transparency on how the donation will be used. However, most respondents stated that they would be willing to make a digital donation if they knew where the money would be allocated.
As digital donations become more common in gathering collective support among society, those active in the digital donation ecosystem will need to ensure their credibility and transparency in fundraising and ensure that donations are allocated correctly to those in need in order to build and maintain trust amongst the public. For crowdfunding platforms, improving user experience and adding more features such as auto-debit to support recurring donations could help in growing the donor-base.
In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, digital donations could play an important role in contributing to Indonesia's recovery from the pandemic and get back on track to achieving sustainable development.
Oscar Casalderrey and Kevin Prathama are respectively the senior director and associate manager of Last Mile Consulting at Kopernik, a research and development (R&D) lab for social and environmental challenges.


text:
This paper introduces a univariate interpolation scheme using a binary parameter called signature such that the graph of the interpolant—which we refer to as affine zipper fractal interpolation function—is obtained as an attractor of a suitable affine zipper. The scaling vector function is identified so that the graph of the corresponding affine zipper fractal interpolation function can be inscribed within a prescribed rectangle. Convergence analysis of the proposed affine zipper fractal interpolant is carried out. It is observed that for a fixed choice of discrete scaling factors, the box counting dimension of the graph of an affine zipper fractal interpolant is independent of the choice of a signature. Several examples of affine zipper fractal interpolants are presented to supplement our theory.
- 27 МАТЕМАТИКА


text:
The current study examined the lingual kinematic and acoustic effects of bite blocks on vowels in a sentence context. Twenty adult native English speakers (10 male, 10 female) with no speech, language, or hearing deficits participated in the study. The corner vowels found in the sentence, The blue spot is on the black key again (i.e., /u/, /É'/, /Ã¦/, /i/), were measured kinematically and acoustically immediately before and after bite block insertion. The participants' speech was audio-recorded and their lingual articulatory movements were measured with a Northern Digital Instruments Wave electromagnetic articulograph. The sensor coils were attached to three different parts on the tongue (back, middle, and front). Acoustic analysis of the vowel formants revealed that the vowel articulation index and vowel space area decreased significantly following bite block insertion. Kinematic analysis of the sensors on the tongue revealed that the kinematic vowel articulation index decreased significantly for the back and middle of the tongue but not for the front. Thus, adjustments to the position of the front of the tongue were sufficient to compensate for the bite block perturbation, while the same measures for the back and middle of the tongue were significantly affected. This was likely due to the relative independence in the movement of the front of the tongue, given its distance from the posterior point of attachment between the tongue and mandible. These findings suggest that the effects of articulatory perturbation can be more fully understood when kinematic and acoustic measures are considered together.
College and Department
David O. McKay School of Education; Communication Disorders
BYU ScholarsArchive Citation
Low, Tanner Keith, "Kinematic and Acoustic Vowel Changes in Adult Bite Block Speech" (2019). Theses and Dissertations. 7495.
kinematics, acoustics, bite block, perturbation, compensation, vowels


Processing sample labels using regular expressions in R
August 15, 2012
I am often found in possession of palaeo core data where the sample identifiers contain a core code or label plus the sample depth. Often these are things generated by colleagues who have used other software where for one reason or another they don't want to store the depth information as a separate numeric variable. I also generate such data sets, not because I want to but because the software often supplied with lab equipment (most recent example is the Thermo Flash EA/Delta V I've been running stable N and C isotope measurements on) that records data/measurements using a single character identifier variable.
The information in these labels is useful and I really don't want to type out all the depths again and it's not just because I am lazy; the more times you have to enter data the more opportunities for transcription errors to creep into your work and analysis. So I have things like this
R> (eg1 <- paste0("CORE", 0:10 + 0.5))
 [1] "CORE0.5" "CORE1.5" "CORE2.5" "CORE3.5" "CORE4.5" "CORE5.5"
 [7] "CORE6.5" "CORE7.5" "CORE8.5" "CORE9.5" "CORE10.5"
R> (eg2 <- paste0("FOO_", 0:10 + 0.5))
 [1] "FOO_0.5" "FOO_1.5" "FOO_2.5" "FOO_3.5" "FOO_4.5" "FOO_5.5"
 [7] "FOO_6.5" "FOO_7.5" "FOO_8.5" "FOO_9.5" "FOO_10.5"
What can be done to process these sorts of data with R to extract the useful information?
With eg2 we could split the strings on _ using strsplit() and process the resulting components. For example
R> as.numeric(sapply(strsplit(eg2, "_"), '[', 2))
 [1] 0.5 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.5 7.5 8.5 9.5 10.5
To see how that code works, note that strsplit() returns a list with as many components as elements in the character vector supplied (e.g. length(eg2)). Each component of the list contains the individual character strings created by splitting.
R> head(spl <- strsplit(eg2, "_"), 2)
[1] "FOO" "0.5"
[1] "FOO" "1.5"
Notice that the depth information is in the second element of each list component. To access this information for the first component we might use spl[[1]][2] and the second one via spl[[2]][2]. Notice that the only thing that is changing here is the number in the [[ ]]. To each of the components of spl we are applying the [ function with argument 2; that can be automated via sapply() as shown above. The last part of the example just coerces the character vector of depths to a numeric one.
All of that is a bit of a faff and won't work for eg1 because there is nothing to split on. An alternative solution is to use regular expressions. I'm no regular expression expert and if there is anything in computing that will warp your feeble little mind it is a regular expression. However, these things are incredibly useful for matching or extracting bits of data from strings.
A regular expression contains placeholders or entities that you want to match or find within a given set of strings. For example, here is a modified version of eg1 where the last element has a different format to the rest
R> (eg3 <- c(eg1, "12.5CORE"))
 [7] "CORE6.5" "CORE7.5" "CORE8.5" "CORE9.5" "CORE10.5" "12.5CORE"
To match only those with one or more alphabetical characters are the start of the string we can use "^[A-Za-z]+" as our regular expression and the grep() to do the matching
R> grep("^[A-Za-z]+", eg3, value = TRUE)
The [A-Za-z] means match anything that is a letter in the English language alphabet. I added a qualifier, the +, which means match one or more of these letters. The last bit of the regular expression is the ^, which indicates that matches should begin with one or more letters; anything that doesn't begin with one or more letters will not be matched. If you look carefully at the result, "12.5CORE" is missing because it doesn't start with one or more letters.
To match one or more letters at the end of a string, the $ can be used, e.g.
R> grep("[A-Za-z]+$", eg3, value = TRUE)
[1] "12.5CORE"
Let's turn our attention back to eg1. A regular expression that would match each component of the strings could be "([A-Za-z]+)([0-9\\.]+)". The parentheses group the various parts of the expression which we'll use in a moment. The first set of parentheses matches one or more letters whilst the second set matches one or more digits plus the decimal point. The decimal point has been escaped (which in R requires two not the usual one backslash) as it is a regular expression meta character (like + and *) that matches a single character. We want a literal. so we escape its usual meaning. As we now have a regular expression that will match the format of our sample labels we can proceed to manipulate them. This is where the parentheses come in. As I said, these group matches within the single expression. The matches within the parentheses can be referred to using backreferences. So I could use \\1 to refer to the strings matched by the first set of parentheses and \\2 to matches in the second set. Note we need to double backslash here as this is R.
To achieve our final goal of extracting the depth information from the sample labels we can combine this regular expression with the gsub() function, which does string replacement using regular expressions. If we think about what we want to do, we want to essentially replace the sample label with the extracted depth information to form a new set of strings. So we can match the two parts of our sample labels using our regular expression and replace them with a backreference to the depth part matched by the second set of parentheses. For example:
R> gsub("([A-Za-z]+)([0-9\\.]+)", "\\2", eg1)
 [1] "0.5" "1.5" "2.5" "3.5" "4.5" "5.5" "6.5" "7.5" "8.5" "9.5"
[11] "10.5"
All that remains is to coerce that to numeric and we have our depth data
eg2 can be handled in a similar way but we need to add _ to the characters matched by the first set of parentheses
R> as.numeric(gsub("([A-Za-z_]+)([0-9\\.]+)", "\\2", eg2))
or add it as a literal _ between the two sets
R> as.numeric(gsub("([A-Za-z]+)_([0-9\\.]+)", "\\2", eg2))
If you had a more complicated data set with several cores in the same file, identified by a different core code, regular expressions can be used to extract the core and depth information. For example, given
R> set.seed(1)
R> dat <- data.frame(Label = paste0(rep(c("WAST", "NAGA"), each = 3), rep(0:2 + 0.5, 3)),
+ Value = runif(6))
R> dat
 Label Value
1 WAST0.5 0._PHONE_
2 WAST1.5 0._PHONE_
3 WAST2.5 0._PHONE_
4 NAGA0.5 0._PHONE_
5 NAGA1.5 0._PHONE_
6 NAGA2.5 0._PHONE_
we could add site and label data using
R> rexp <- "([A-Za-z]+)([0-9\\.]+)"
R> dat <- transform(dat, Site = gsub(rexp, "\\1", Label),
+ Depth = as.numeric(gsub(rexp, "\\2", Label)))
R> dat
 Label Value Site Depth
1 WAST0.5 0._PHONE_ WAST 0.5
2 WAST1.5 0._PHONE_ WAST 1.5
3 WAST2.5 0._PHONE_ WAST 2.5
4 NAGA0.5 0._PHONE_ NAGA 0


Instruction fur die Beobachter an den meteorologischen Stationen im Preussichen Staate
Collection Name: Scott Skinner Collection
Creation Year: 1847
Summary: This is a collection of three training documents, instruction for the observers at the meteorological stations in the Prussian state, a how to use equipment and record data. From what we can tell, there are three versions, the first in "old German" which is not dated, the second in 1847, with a commentary by Dr. Wilhelm Malmann, and the third (which appears to be a revision of the other two, dated 1858. Written in German, collected by Hans Snoek.
Type: Document
PDF Files:
Geographic: Germany
Significance: Scientific