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Romney Rhymes, Mobile Maps, and Convicts' Calls: Today's TNR Reader
The poetry of Romney: A literary look at the presidential candidate's gaffes.
Harper's | 3 min (777 words)
Apple and the growing importance of cartography in the mobile age.
The Economist | 3 min (684 words)
Railroads played a crucial role in the Civil War. They taught us that technology does not always lead to democracy and freedom.
Common-Place | 6 min (1,518 words)
Calling the convicted: Reforming prisons' costly phone call policy.
The American Prospect | 4 min (959 words)


text: Pottery & Porcelain Marks – Arrows: Arrows have been used as marks since the early 19th century, about 1828, and are still used today. Earliest marks are a line with an upside-down v-shaped symbol on top. Later marks have two arrows, usually crossed, with a few lines jutting outward on each side at the bottom. These marks appear most often on earthenware, but they also appear on art pottery and stoneware. Harker Pottery Co. is one of the main producers of 20th century American pottery with arrow marks.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
- Buyer's guide
Northeast Ohio regional sewer plan approved
In an effort to clean up Lake Erie that began with the passage of the Clean Water Act in 1972, U.S. District Court Judge Donald C. Nugent has approved a 25-year regional sewer district plan to reduce the amount of untreated waste that is dumped into local waterways, usually during flooding.
The judge's approval allows the Northeast Ohio Regional Sewer District to move forward on a $3 billion deal worked out with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. Department of Justice and the Ohio Attorney General's office which promises to reduce discharges of untreated waste from the current level of about 4.5 billion gallons a year to under 500,000 gallons annually by 2036.
The consent decree signed by the judge requires the district to pay a total of $1.2 million within 30 days to the U.S. and Ohio EPAs for past violations of clean water regulations.
The sewer district's board approved a five-year rate hike, the bulk of which will go to pay for improvements required under the plan. The increases, which average about 13 percent a year, begin in January and continue through 2016.
The Northeast Ohio Regional Sewer District serves Cleveland and 61 neighboring communities. Nearly one-quarter of its sewers are combined and overflows from them spill out from the system's 126 outfalls, some built as early as 1876, which are located in a number of communities.
The Northeast Ohio Regional District is planning to build seven massive tunnels designed to help stop storm water and sewage from getting into Lake Erie, but the court is requiring that part of the solution come from "green" infrastructure.
Green solutions use plant and soil systems, permeable pavement, green roofs and cisterns, and bioretention wetland areas to capture, store and filter storm water before it reaches the combined sewer system.


What does burby mean?
burby in Community Dictionary
Conversation ruiner. Can turn a standard discussion into a trainwreck instantly. by Danelle CuddyReport definition
a: Extraordinarily rotund, elephantine, mastodonic.v: (burbing) To inhale copious quantities of meals IE: lard. by MandyReport definition
40 votes
How would you define burby?


a mantra
Attach One, Publish Many
Attach One
Every Berylium object can have exactly one data file associated with it, whether it be an HTML file, PDF, JPEG image, or WAV audio.
This seems like it might be a limitation, but it's really not. We could create an application using Berylium that allowed an author to attach a Word document, PDF, and Flash version of the same document to that document's object record.
But not just yet. In my ideal world, an author attaches a single content-rich file -- the raw materials, shall we say, that all other versions can be made from.
Then, using a combination of Berylium contexts (and/or the e99o media server, coming soon!) other versions are generated from the master file.
This works better for some things (images, audio) than others (Word to HTML conversion is nasty), so I may have to burst my bubble and allow multiple attachments someday. But, um, let's try not to.
Publish Many
This is the flip side of the single-master-attachment strategy. Because conversion from one format to another is often time-consuming, my goal is to convert the master data to oft-needed formats right up front, and publish static caches of that converted data in known locations.
For example, when you upload an image file, a thumbnail is generated and published alongside the static cache of the full-size image.
Berylium will automatically keep track of as many different versions of an object as you feel it necessary to publish.
Attach one, publish many. Let's see if it works.
By Chris Snyder on June 6, 2003 at 12:42am
jump to top


To see a step by-step instruction on regular Space size change please check this article: Spaces
In this article we collect various use-cases in real life property management, and give a view on how to solve them using Moderan.
Case: Tenant A had a Space 101. Now this Space is being split to two other Tenants B and C:
 - Tenant B already had neighbor Space 102.
 Physically what has been done is that part of Space 101 was merged to Space 102.
 - The remaining area of Space 101 was given to Tenant C.
Step 1- Ensure the Space was physically rebuilt in a way one part was merged to the other Space.
Normally, when you split a Space in two you create a second one and put to each of the two a corresponding new Size.
In this case we see the Space was not only split - but same time partially merged in the other.
This way, we need to increase the size of Space 102 respectively to the part of Space 101 added, and assign the rest to Tenant C.
Step 2 - Split the Spaces as per the physical changes
1. Increase Space 102 by the part of Space 101 size that was physically added to it
2. Decrease Space 101 by the same part
Ensure both changes are registered for the same date in Moderan
3. Assign Space 102 to Tenant B
4. Assign Space 101 to Tenant C
Ensure both Contracts has rent calculations change for the same date as Space size change
It is important to known the details of actual size reconstructions of Spaces: changes might not be identical to the original Space sizes, sometimes area is remeasured.
Always double check this and the sizes stated in the new Contracts!


New Testament
Symbolism and Symbolic Meanings
What does a black horse symbolize in the bible?
Top Answer
User Avatar
Wiki User
Answered 2012-09-19 13:44:01
It represents 'Famine' and Matthew 24:7 is Jesus' parallel of Revelation 6:
Revelation 6:5-6New King James Version (NKJV) Third Seal: Scarcity on Earth5 When He opened the third seal, I heard the third living creature say, "Come and see." So I looked, and behold, a black horse, and he who sat on it had a pair of scales in his hand.6 And I heard a voice in the midst of the four living creatures saying, "A quart[a] of wheat for a denarius,[b] and three quarts of barley for a denarius; and do not harm the oil and the wine."Footnotes:
 1. Revelation 6:6 Greek choinix; that is, approximately one quart
 2. Revelation 6:6 This was approximately one day's wage for a worker.
Matthew 24:7New King James Version (NKJV)
7 For nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. And there will be famines, pestilences,[a]and earthquakes in various places.Footnotes:
 1. Matthew 24:7 NU-Text omits pestilences.
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Related Questions
What does a black horse symbolize?
In the Bible a black horse symbolizes famine
What does the color black symbolize in the Bible?
Usually sin or evil.
What does a sea horse symbolize?
There are a number of things a sea horse could symbolize. A sea horse could symbolize peace or fragility for example.
What is the meaning of the black horse in the book of Revelations?
In the book of Revelations, the black horse is generally understood to represent famine. In later years, and in different contexts, a black horse has also been known to symbolize suffering and death.
What does The Bible symbolize?
the bible symbilizes the religion of christianity
What did salvia symbolize in the Bible?
In the bible it states that salvia is limbo
What do clouds symbolize in the Bible?
in bible cloud means peace
What does a horse rider symbolize?
What does the hair symbolize in the bible?
What do black cats symbolize?
In some cultures black cats can symbolize good luck. However, in many cultures, a black cat can symbolize bad luck.
What does a horse shoe symbolize?
good luck!
What does Jesus riding a horse symbolize?
What did Jesus riding a horse symbolize?
He never rode a horse. He rode a donkey.
What is the symbolize of white horse alih?
The white horse symbolizes beauty and purity. Seeing one can symbolize good luck and this is considered a rare event.
What does the number 80 symbolize in the Bible?
What does rain symbolize in the Bible?
Alot of times rain symbolizes blessings in the Bible.
What do the color purple in the Bible symbolize?
The color purple in the Bible represents ROYALTY!
What does a black swan tattoo symbolize?
A black swan tattoo can symbolize man different things. It could symbolize that the owner of it is peaceful and graceful. Swans are mainly known to symbolize grace.
How would you describe black beauty the horse?
A black horse.
What does the horse symbolize?
the horse symbolizesPowerGraceBeautyNobilityStrengthFreedom
What does a deer symbolize?
In the bible, a deer is the symbolization of a saint.
What does a serpent symbolize?
In the bible it represents wisdom and evil.
What does red symbolize in the bible?
It symbolizes Jesus speaking.
What does the night of the ants symbolize in Poisonwood Bible?
What does color black represent in the Bible?
Black usually signifies negative events in human life - evil, terror, disease, famine and death. Consider the 'black horse' in Revelation.
Still have questions?


text:
The following briefly outlines what it means to be a small business and common terms used to describe them.
- A small business may be defined as a business with a small number of employees.
- The legal definition of "small" often varies by country and industry, but is generally under 100 employees in the United States while under 50 employees in the European Union.
- These businesses are normally privately owned corporations, partnerships, or sole proprietorships.
- Small businesses are common in many countries, depending on the economic system in operation.
- Typical examples include: small shops, hairdressers, tradesmen, solicitors, lawyers, accountants, restaurants, guest houses, photographers, small-scale manufacturing etc.
- The smallest businesses, often located in private homes, are called microbusinesses (term used by international organizations such as the World Bank and the International Finance Corporation) or SoHos.
- The term "mom and pop business" is a common colloquial expression for a single-family operated business without any hired labor, e.g., "mom and pop store".
- When judged by the number of employees, the American and the European definitions are the same: under 10 employees.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Gallery: What's brewing inside Microsoft Research?
The Family Archive uses touchscreen technology to allow people to explore family photos and souvenirs.
At the bottom of the screen is a box labelled with a particular holiday. The user has "tipped" the box over using the touchscreen, spilling the photos onto the surface. They can then look through the photos and enlarge them to get a better look.
The idea is for people to be able to explore their pictures in a more interactive way rather than going through files on a PC.
Photo credit: Tim Ferguson/


text:
Mark Nozzle Orientation on Dish Fabrication:
I would like to explain in this post how to mark the nozzle on the dishes or heads through the use of fabrication methods and terms. By using AutoCAD software how to mark the nozzles on the exact position with proper angles and radius as follows.
Nozzle Orientation process in AutoCAD:
- First, observe the dish or head outer diameter with measurement tape or with any other types of equipment as your wish.
- After that plan, the elevation and how many nozzles are required for the dish. I already mention the all the details in the below AutoCAD drawing tutorial you can check the video.
- Then after mark the centre point on the top of dish with a marker by measuring the four parts. That means to divide the 360 degrees into four parts then you get each part 90 degrees.
- Draw one of the horizontal and vertical lines to form a centre point of the top dish.
- consider how many nozzles are required for example in this I am taking 8 nozzles. divide this by 360 degrees then you get each nozzle angle.
- 360 degrees/8 nozzles are equal to 45 degrees.
- Then you get each degree angle of all eight nozzles are 45 degrees
- This is easy to draw in AutoCAD with exact angles coming to fabrication terms it is somewhat difficult the process as follows:
- Mark the dish centre by using a dot-punch
- Check the OCF of the dish
- Example: 5232 mm OCF of the dish
= 5232 mm/360 degrees
= 14.81 degrees (each degree)
4. Example: The radius of the nozzle orientation is 645 mm
5. Mark the radius on the top of the dish with a large divider with the exact measurement and you can also adjust the measurements.
6. At the end of the dish measure the OCF of the dish after that list out all the angles where you want to place the angles for example:
0 to 60 degrees x 14.81 degrees = 888.6 mm
60 to 90 degrees x 14.81 degrees = 444.3 mm
90 to 120 degrees x 14.81 degrees = 444.3 mm
Like this, you can measure the all the angles with this process.
7. After getting the all the angles mark the distance at the bottom end of the circular dish with measuring tape and marker or dot punch.
8. after intersecting the all the dots with the centre point of the top dish then you can observe the angles on the Radius of the orientation and place the nozzles.
- Check the actual Radius (R)
- Check the pipe sizes equal or not
- Measure the lengths and angles properly with measurement tape
- Maintain the pipe cutting gap should be 10 mm
- After cut the orientation by the plasma torch.
- Fabricate the all the nozzles as per standards sch40, sch80 and ASA 150# SORF flanges Table-E PCD or normal as per client requirements.
Watch Full video:


text:
Status conference is a legally mandated, court-ordered meeting with a judge (or sometimes an authorized counsel). The purpose behind it is to:
- Determine a date for the trial
- Obtain updated information on the defendant with ongoing conditions pre-set by the courts (like house arrest or home monitoring)
- If a party does not attend a status conference, the party's requests regarding scheduling changes could effectively be ignored.
- If a plaintiff, or a representative for the plaintiff, does not attend the status conference, the case may potentially be dismissed.
Introduction to Status Conferences
Have you ever found yourself muddled up in the complex world of legal proceedings, grappling with jargon like 'status conferences'? Many of us, even those from the legal profession, often struggle with understanding the structural labyrinth that makes up the legal system. Here at JED™ Platform, we're all about making the complex simple, so let's demystify one term: status conference.
A status conference is a critical mainstay in the legal process, intended to streamline case management and ensure efficiency. It is a court-ordered convening with a judge or an authorized counsel, held to lay the groundwork for trial proceedings, keep track of the case's progress, establish trial dates, and to update on any ongoing conditions determined earlier by the courts. Considerably significant, non-attendance at such a conference could potentially have repercussions – it could lead to requests for scheduling changes being overlooked or even result in case dismissals.
In our role of supporting pretrial services at JED™ Platform, we frequently engage with the reality of status conferences and understand the vital part they play within the wider legal landscape. This article will bring clarity on what exactly a status conference means, its purpose, and its implications, aiming to equip you with a clear, practical understanding of the term. Throughout we will prioritize simplicity, aiming to transmute complex ideas into easy-to-grasp concepts, just as we do with our reliable pretrial software solutions.
Status Conference – A Snapshot
Let's dive right in, unfolding what exactly a status conference stands for in the maze of legal terminologies!
The Purpose of a Status Conference
The status conference is a pivotal part of the court proceedings, serving as a platform for vital discussions and decisions. It is a court-ordered event that involves the parties and attorneys involved in a case. The primary purpose of a status conference is twofold: identifying the current status of the case and determining the next steps required to reach disposition.
Identifying the Current Status of the Case
The status conference gives everyone involved in the case a clear understanding of where they currently stand. This involves assessing the progress that has been made since the last status conference or hearing, discussing any conflicts or issues that have arisen, and evaluating the readiness of the parties for the trial.
The lawyers of the parties involved, along with the judge or magistrate, review the evidence, discuss potential resolutions, and address any procedural or substantive issues. This exercise ensures that everyone is on the same page and helps in avoiding any undue surprises or delays during the trial.
Determining the Next Steps Required to Reach Disposition
The status conference is not just about understanding where the case stands but also about planning the way forward. This involves setting timelines for completing pre-trial matters, such as discovery and motions, discussing plea bargains or settlement agreements, and scheduling further hearings or the trial itself.
The judge or magistrate plays a crucial role here, guiding the parties in their next steps and ensuring that the case moves along efficiently. The judge may also suggest mediation or other alternative dispute resolution options if it seems that the case could be resolved without a trial.
At JED™ Platform, we understand the importance of these conferences in the pretrial process. Our pretrial software solutions are designed to assist in fair risk assessments and provide effective monitoring services, ensuring that our clients are well-prepared and informed as they navigate through their legal journey.
In the next section, we'll delve deeper into the role of a status conference in different types of cases.
The Role of a Status Conference in Different Types of Cases
Understanding 'what is a status conference' and its role can greatly benefit our clients as they navigate their legal journey. The nature of a status conference can vary depending on the type of case involved.
Status Conference in Criminal Cases
In a criminal case, a status conference often involves the prosecution and defense attorneys exchanging evidence. This is a critical stage where the strength of each side's case becomes clearer, informing the strategies they will employ moving forward. Additionally, status conferences in criminal cases may also involve discussions about plea bargains. A plea bargain is an agreement in a criminal case where the defendant agrees to plead guilty to a particular charge in return for some concession from the prosecutor. This process can significantly expedite the resolution of a case, sparing the need for a full trial.
Status Conference in Civil Cases
In civil cases, a status conference can take a slightly different turn. Along with the exchange of evidence, attorneys also stipulate to certain terms and begin negotiations on a settlement agreement. A settlement is a resolution between disputing parties about a legal case, reached either before or after court action begins. The role of the judge in a civil status conference can be quite involved as they often give their opinion on settlement offers and coordinate timelines for other pre-trial matters.
Status Conference in Divorce Cases
When it comes to divorce cases, a status conference serves a unique purpose. It offers an opportunity for parties to discuss the progress of the case and what steps need to be taken before the case can be concluded. It also often serves as a platform for negotiation and resolution of issues related to property division, alimony, child custody, and support. By facilitating open lines of communication, a status conference can help prevent prolonged and contentious courtroom battles.
In all types of cases, the status conference plays a pivotal role in ensuring the legal process moves forward in a timely and efficient manner. At JED™ Platform, we are committed to providing our clients with the tools and support they need to navigate these crucial stages of their legal journey.
What Happens at a Status Conference?
When you're asking "what is a status conference," you're likely also curious about what exactly happens during one. Essentially, it's a meeting where attorneys from both sides come together to discuss the progress of the case and plan out the next steps. Here's a closer look at the key aspects of a status conference.
Exchange of Evidence
One of the primary activities during a status conference is the exchange of evidence. Here, the attorneys from both parties share the evidence they have gathered for their case. This can include documents, witness testimonies, or any other information relevant to the case. The aim is to ensure that all parties are on the same page regarding the evidence that will be presented in the trial. In a criminal case, this process often involves the prosecution and defense attorneys exchanging evidence, as noted by Cornell Law School.
Discussion of Plea Bargains or Settlement Agreements
In some instances, a status conference may also involve discussions about plea bargains or settlement agreements. Plea bargains are often discussed in criminal cases, where the defendant may agree to plead guilty to a lesser charge in exchange for a lighter sentence. On the other hand, civil cases may involve discussions about settlement agreements, where the parties aim to resolve the dispute without going to trial.
While it's not necessary that a plea or settlement will be agreed upon during the status conference, the discussion provides an opportunity for attorneys to negotiate and potentially find an acceptable resolution for all parties involved.
Setting Timelines for Pre-Trial Matters
Finally, a status conference often involves setting timelines for various pre-trial matters. This can include deadlines for the submission of evidence, dates for further hearings, or timelines for negotiations. As Cornell Law School points out, sometimes a judge will attend a status conference to give their opinion on plea or settlement offers and set timelines for other pre-trial matters.
In some cases, like in divorce cases, the Magistrate's goal during a status conference is to move your case along as quickly as possible but also carefully, according to Pine Tree Legal Assistance. Therefore, setting clear timelines is a crucial part of ensuring that the case progresses smoothly and efficiently.
At JED™ Platform, we understand the importance of a well-conducted status conference in ensuring that all parties are well-prepared for the trial. Our pretrial software solutions provide robust support to attorneys, helping them prepare effectively for status conferences and other crucial stages of the legal process.
The Consequences of Not Attending a Status Conference
A status conference is a crucial part of the pretrial process, and non-attendance can lead to serious consequences. It's important to understand the implications, so you can make informed decisions about your case.
Ignoring Requests for Scheduling Changes
If a party or their representative fails to attend the status conference, the court may ignore any requests made by that party for scheduling changes. This means that if you or your representative don't show up, you lose the ability to influence the timeline of your case. This could result in inconvenient court dates and deadlines, potentially putting you at a disadvantage as you prepare for trial.
Possible Dismissal of the Action
The consequences can be even more severe if the plaintiff or a representative of the plaintiff doesn't attend the status conference. According to the, the action may be dismissed entirely. In other words, the court might decide to close the case, and you lose the opportunity to pursue your claim or defend against a lawsuit.
It's important to note the role of the JED™ Platform in helping clients navigate these crucial stages of the pretrial process. Our software solutions aid in providing fair risk assessments and robust monitoring services, ensuring you stay on top of your responsibilities and never miss important events like a status conference.
In conclusion, understanding what a status conference is and the consequences of not


Difference between revisions of "Template:Copying Alpine to Flash"
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== Copy Alpine to a {{{1|Flash Medium}}} ==
_TAG_ [[Include:Copying Alpine to Flash]]
# Insert the removable {{{1|flash medium (CF or USB stick)}}} into the computer.
# Determine the name your computer uses for your {{{1|flash medium}}}. The following step is one way to do this.
#* After inserting the {{{1|flash medium}}}, run the command:
#* {{Cmd|dmesg}}
#* At the end of this command you should see the name of your {{{1|flash medium}}}, likely starting with "sd". (For example: "sda").
#* The remainder of this document will assume that your {{{1|flash medium}}} is called /dev/sda
{{Warning|Be very careful about this. You do not want to mistakenly wipe your hard drive if it's on /dev/sda}}
=== Format {{{1|Flash Medium}}} ===
{{Cmd|fdisk /dev/sda}}
* '''p''' Print list of partitions
* '''d''' Delete all partitions (this may take a few steps)
* '''n''' Create a new partition
* '''p''' A primary partition
* '''1''' Partition number 1
** Use defaults for first and last cylinder (just press [Enter] twice).
* '''t''' Change partition type
* '''c''' Type: Win95 FAT32 (LBA)
* '''a''' Make the partition bootable (set boot flag)
* '''1''' Partition number 1
* '''w''' Write your changes to the device
=== Install Syslinux ===
{{Note|If the following commands fail due to 'No such file or directory', you may have to remove and reinsert the CF card, or even reboot, to get /dev/sda1 to appear}}
# Install syslinux and dosfstools. If you have booted from an Alpine CD-ROM, use these commands:
#* {{Cmd|apk add syslinux dosfstools}}
#* {{Cmd|{{{|dd if=/usr/share/syslinux/mbr.bin of=/dev/sda}}}}}
# Format the {{{1|flash medium}}} with a VFAT filesystem:
#* {{Cmd|mkdosfs -F32 /dev/sda1}}
#* {{Cmd|syslinux /dev/sda1}}
#* {{Cmd|mkdir -p /media/sda1}}
#* {{Cmd|mount -t vfat /dev/sda1 /media/sda1}}
# Mount the Alpine Linux CD-ROM, and copy the files to the {{{1|flash medium}}}
#* {{Cmd|mount /media/cdrom}}
#* {{Cmd|cd /media/cdrom}}
#* {{Cmd|cp -a.alpine-release * /media/sda1/ }}
== Troubleshooting ==
When your USB device is formatted to other filesystem than fat32, you might have to specify the necessary filesystem modules in boot parameters.
To do so, mount the device, and alter the syslinux.cfg file line from
in case of using ext3 formatted partition. Similar procedure might apply to other filesystems (if they are supported by syslinux or other bootloader of your choice and alpine kernel).
Also, specifying waitusb=X option might help with certain usb devices that take a bit longer to register. X stands for the amount of seconds kernel will wait before looking for the installation media.
Latest revision as of 02:58, 29 October 2012


text:
The UK retailer
That means they calculated everything that goes into the carbon footprint such as the components, manufacturing, transportation, even the amount of energy consumers will use to wash and dry the underwear.
One interesting discovery from calculating the carbon footprint of lingerie was the discovery of how much impact lace and embroidery have on the footprint's size. So, lingerie that is simpler is also "greener." And, using manufacturing techniques that use renewable energy and reduce waste, they were able to reduce the carbon footprint by approximately 33% compared to traditional lingerie manufacturing.
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Modern deep packet inspection systems use regular expressions to define various patterns of interest in network data streams. Deterministic Finite Automata (DFA) are commonly used to parse regular expressions. DFAs are fast, but can require prohibitively large amounts of memory for patterns arising in network applications. Traditional DFA table compression only slightly reduces the memory required and requires an additional memory access per input character. Alternative representations of regular expressions, such as NFAs and Delayed Input DFAs (D 2FA) require less memory but sacrifice throughput. In this paper we introduce the Content Addressed Delayed Input DFA (CD 2FA), which provides a compact representation of regular expressions that match the throughput of traditional uncompressed DFAs. A CD 2FA addresses successive states of a D 2FA using their content, rather than a "content-less" identifier. This makes selected information available earlier in the state traversal process, which makes it possible to avoid unnecessary memory accesses. We demonstrate that such content-addressing can be effectively used to obtain automata that are very compact and can achieve high throughput. Specifically, we show that for an application using thousands of patterns defined by regular expressions, CD 2FAs use as little as 10% of the space required by a conventional compressed DFA, and match the throughput of an uncompressed DFA. Copyright 2006 ACM.
Original publication
Conference paper
Publication Date
81 - 92


text:
7 Polish Martyrs
Memoirs of Priests Who Lived through World War II Published
| 1665 hits
By Father Mariusz Frukacz
CZESTOCHOWA, Polan, JUNE 21, 2012 (Zenit.org).- "Memoirs of War (_PHONE_) of Priests of the Diocese of Czestochowa" is the title of the book published recently by the Catholic weekly "Niedziela," which is part of the series "Library of Niedziela."
The memoirs in question are those of priests who survived the hell of concentration camps. They were gathered by historians Father Jacek Kapuscinski and Father Jan Zwiazek.
The book collects the writings of seven priests: Father Jan Brodzinski (_PHONE_), Father Roman Aleksander Konopka (_PHONE_), Father Jozef Kubica (_PHONE_), Father Antoni Mietlinski (_PHONE_), Father Maciej Namysly (_PHONE_), Father Serafin Opalka (_PHONE_) and Father Jozef Pruchnicki (_PHONE_).
Four of them recall the events and experiences of five concentration camps: Dachau, Gusen, Auschwitz, Konstantynow and Sosnowiec. The other three memoirs describe pastoral work during the Occupation, especially in the land of Wielun.
Each of these texts is preceded by a biographical profile and an historical comment, and is accompanied by other material.
The book opens with an article by Father Jan Zwiazek on the diocese of Czestochowa during the Nazi Occupation. It includes a series of photographs that illustrate the people and circumstances of World War II.
They are "the testimony of the extermination policy of Nazi Germany and of the suffering that those endured who wished to persevere in the faith and in fidelity to their own nation," said professor Zygmunt Zielinski.
According to retired Archbishop Stanislaw Nowak of Czestochowa, the war memoirs of diocesan priests "are the testimony of man's great love of God, of the fatherland and of the Church, as well as signs of adherence to the priesthood."
"We can read these memoirs as the Acts of Martyrs of the 20th century. This book will be spiritual reading which will help us also to form our moral attitudes," added the archbishop.
For Father Jacek Kapuscinski, one of the authors, the memoirs, written in 1945, about experiences of World War II: "are a most precious treasure for historians, but also for our generation that must know the history of its Fatherland and of the Church."
The most difficult situation for the Polish Catholic population during the War in the territory of the diocese of Czestochowa, occurred in the so-called "Warthegau," a region that looks out on the Warta river, in a part of the diocese of Czestochowa, in the Wielun district.
From the beginning of the War, the priests of the Wielun region were subjected to repression. On November 9, 1939, the Germans arrested seven Catholic priests and a Protestant pastor. On October 6, 1941, all the priests were arrested and taken to a transit camp in the neighborhood of Lodz, and then to Dachau concentration camp.
In total, 55 priests from Wielun were sent to Dachau, two of whom were monks. During _PHONE_, the total number of priests of the diocese of Czestochowa who were killed was 61. Among them were also Father Maksimiian Binkiwewicz and Father Lugwik Gietyngier, beatified by Pope John Paul II on June 13, 1999, at Warsaw.


text:
A statement between a creditor and a debtor that settles the total amount of debt owed to the creditor.
There are three elements of an account stated: (1) There exists prior transactions between the parties, creating a creditor-debtor relationship; (2) An agreement, express or implied, between the parties as to the total amount due; and (3) A promise by the debtor, express or implied, to repay the amount due.
Definition from Nolo's Plain-English Law Dictionary
1) A statement of the amount that parties to a transaction, loan, or settlement agree is owed by one to the other. 2) The name for a cause of action in a lawsuit brought to collect the amount the parties have agreed is owed.
Definition provided by Nolo's Plain-English Law Dictionary.
August 19, 2010, 5:10 pm


Changing user agent in Mozilla Firefox
Every web browser uses user agent strings to have itself identified. The web servers request these strings to find out if it is Internet Explorer, Opera or Mozilla Firefox etc. The user agent strings are built inside the browser. But in Mozilla Firefox you can spoof the user agent strings. The result being that even if you are using Firefox, the web server would think you are using Internet Explorer or some other browser.
This is very helpful when some site insists on using Internet Explorer. I have seen some university web sites which refuse to work if you are using anything other than Microsoft Internet Explorer. You can spoof the user agent strings to have your way with such sites. This is how :
 1. Start Firefox
 2. Visit in Firefox.
 3. When Firefox asks your permission, click Install to install this addon. Then restart your Firefox browser.
 4. When Firefox restarts, you would be able to access the User Agent Switcher from the Tools menu.
Please note that just by spoofing the User Agent strings, a browser will not render the sites like a spoofed web browser. If you are doing an important work like filling up an application form, or doing some financial transactions and a site tells you to use a specific web browser, you should do as directed.


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On 20 July 1976 a spacecraft touched down on the planet Mars. It had the very fitting name "Viking I".
The envelope with the first-day cover illustrating that mankind had taken a new, long step into the unknown shows a recognizable Oseberg ship.
The name chosen for the pioneer project was no coincidence. The Vikings' reputation as explorers is widely known across the globe. And the fact that they discovered America 500 years before Columbus has long since been confirmed.
The Oseberg ship is both past and future. Her elegant lines and advanced boatbuilding skills are combined with our humanistic ideals. The ship will be sailing to create bonds between people and generate meaningful experiences. The new ship is attracting interested people from many nations; some contribute their hard labour, others financial support. Tønsberg has never had a project that to such an extent has encouraged its citizens to join forces.
Oseberg on planet Mars: The envelope with the first-day cover to commemorate the first landing on Mars. We can make out the Oseberg ship.


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The Vet Rhino Fund is an umbrella name which was created for the three funds which resort under it. The three funds are:
- The South African Veterinary Association Rhino Fund
- The South African Veterinary Foundation Rhino and Conservation Fund
- Saving the Survivors Fund
The three funds all aim to contribute to the fight against rhino poaching in Southern Africa by serving different constituencies, focusing on different aspects and being governed by different organisations, covering the wide footprint of the complexity of the war against rhino poaching from a veterinary perspective. Donations can be made directly into any of the funds. Funds donated through the Veterinary Foundation, are tax deductible because of the Public Benefit status of the South African Veterinary Foundation. You can learn more about each fund and it focus area by clicking on the relevant logo of the fund.


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The early years
The origins of Coats can be traced to the families that created the weaving and textile industries of Paisley, Scotland during the late 18th century.
- Henry Milward established needle manufacture at Redditch, UK and hand sewing begins to flourish
- James and Patrick Clark move to the thriving town of Paisley, Scotland as young boys to begin work in the weaving trade
- The Clarks will eventually set up a business in Cotton Street making thread for use in 'heddles', which were an integral part of weaving looms at the time
- James Coats born in 1774 to a family of Paisley weavers. The early part of his life was spent serving in the British Army before returning to Paisley to marry and set himself up in business in the early 1800s
- Sir Richard Arkwright built Masson Mills in Derbyshire, England


text:
In California, the CCEECE is committed to taking steps to address this issue, especially as it applies to leadership in our field of Early Care and Education (ECE). We have selected 15 Directors, Director Mentors and Mentor Teachers for the CCEECE Equity Leaders Fellowship in Early Care and Education. This fellowship is designed to help prepare the next generation of ECE supervisors and administrators serving children 0-5 and their families. Our hope is to disrupt the status quo to ensure that the ECE leadership across the state reflects the diverse population of children birth to five years of age and their families.
Goal of the Emerging Leaders Fellowship:
- To develop deep understanding of racial inequities, systemic disparities and the impact of structural, institutional, interpersonal and personal forms of oppression on children, families and communities and the workforce serving them;
- To consider and to act to eradicate inequitable policies and practices
- To prepare participants in both management and leadership skills and dispositions through in-depth, inquiry-based learning.
If you are a member, please follow the link to Live Binder for materials. If you have forgotten your Access Key, please email _EMAIL_.


Capitularia - Edition of the Frankish Capitularies
Collation Tool
The collation tool allows users to compare different textual witnesses with each other, including the text of the edition by Boretius and Krause.
 1. Select capitulary and section (the „+" symbol can be used to select further capitularies and sections).
 2. In the list of textual witnesses, select those to be included in the collation; the textual witness at the top will serve as reference text for all subsequent textual witnesses. The sequence of all textual witnesses can be rearranged freely.
 3. Click on „Collate" to generate the collation table.
 4. In the collation table, the reference text that provides the basis for the comparison can be changed at any time by drag and drop. The collation will adapt automatically.
Deviations from the reference text appear in black print. Hovering the mouse over a line in the collation table will highlight that line in yellow for an easier orientation.
If „Include corrections by different hands" is selected, manuscripts that contain such corrections appear a second time in the list with the addition „(corrected)", even if no such corrections are actually present in the selected section.
If a textual witness contains the same section twice, the shelfmark is followed by „(2. copy)".
The selected settings can be saved via „Save Configuration" and later called up again via „Load Configuration". The collation table can be printed by using the browser's print function.
In order not to obscure the collation table with too many inconsequential variants, differences in orthography (ae/e/ę, i/j, u/v; upper and lower case) are not highlighted as variance; additionally the punctuation has been removed. Illegible letters are represented by periods with the number of periods signalling the number of missing letters. Letters in square brackets signify an uncertain reading or text that is hard to decipher.


trepctl check Command
The check command operates by running a CRC check on the schema or table specified, creating a temporary table containing the check data and values during the process. The data collected during this process is then written to a consistency table within the replication configuration schema and is used to verify the table data consistency on the Primary and the Replica.
Because the check operation is creating a temporary table containing a CRC of each row within the specified schema or specific table, the size of the temporary table created can be quite large as it consists of CRC and row count information for each row of each table (within the specified row limits). The configured directory used by MySQL for temporary table creation will need a suitable amount of space to hold the temporary data.


Monday, 13 October 2008
Artificial Life Software Review
There seems to be some useful artificial life software. Artificial life software is useful because they include neural network, genetic and artificial world components.
Wikipedia separates artificial life software into four categories: program-based, module-based, parameter-based and neural net-based.
Program-based artificial life uses DNA which resembles computer programs more than biological DNA.
Module-based artificial life software uses modules to specify creature behaviour. The focus is more on user creation and less on evolution.
Parameter-based artificial life software uses parameters to modify pre-defined creature behaviour. It is the parameters which mutate over time.
Neural net-based artificial software have creatures that have neural networks for learning.
Program based artificial life software includes:
Avida is similar to Tierra which simultes an evolutionary system in which computer programs compete for computer resources. In Tierra, organisms share and compete for one "brain." In Avida, each organism has its own brain.
breve looks interesting because it has a 3D world and physics. It handles agent communication, 3D space representation, graphical rendering and physical simulation.
Does it have neural network and genetic components? It looks like breve does have a genetic component but it seems that if it focuses more as a virtual world and requires neural network components from other software libraries.
A page on breve's homepage references a few other popular agent environments:
Swarm somehow does not seem to be what I am looking for.
Mason looks quite powerful and it seems like I can mould it into what I am looking for. I do prefer real time grapics. I don't think it has neural network and genetic algorithm components.
NetLogo seems to have support for neural networks and genetic algorithms but I feel a bit unsure about it.
Darwinbots, has simple graphics. I think I have been spoiled by the other software packages.
 - [N] Neural network components? It has a finite state machine like system.
 - [Y] Genetic algorithm components? Life-like forces shape evolution.
 - [N] 3D environment? It has a 2D world.
Evolve 4.0
 - [N] Neural network components?
 - [?] Genetic algorithm components? It simulates things a cellular level.
Framsticks looks good. Can Framsticks simulate communication?
Micropond is similar to Nanopond. Nanopond in turm is similar to Avida and Tierra.
Tierra is kind of like Avida.
Module-based artificial life software includes:
 - TechnoSphere
TechnoSphere looks interesting but I feel that it lacks the control I need. I need to be able to program neural networks and communication systems. It looks like TechnoSphere is more about letting users pick and choose physical
Parameter-based artificial life software includes:
 - Kyresoo Plants
Kyresoo Plants does not seem to be what I am looking for. From an online encylopedia, "Most Alife software such as Avida, Darwinbots, Polyworld, focus on the collective behaviour of a large number of simulated organisms. Kyresoo Plants focuses on the collective behaviour of multiple cells in a single organism."
The same page mentions something about the biomorph model describe by Richard Dawkins in the book, "The Blind Watchmaker." This is interesting because of I am a fan of Dawkins' work.
Neural network based artificial life software includes:
Creatures looks interesting but it is a commercial product and I don't know how much I can extend it. There seems to some developer support. It doesn't look like it allows me to get to the nitty gritty such as setting up actual neural networks and communication pathways.
Noble Ape looks very interesting. It holds similar ideals as this project does. Is it easy to set up a small number of creatures with neural networks in Noble Ape?
Polyworld looks almost exactly like what I am looking for. It has neural network components, genetic algorithm components and a world. It looks kind of old.
NationMaster, an online encyclopedia also has a number of other artificial life software.
Program Based
Physis seems to be at a cellular level and seems similar to Tierra.
Archis seems similar to Nanopond.
Neural Net Based
NERO looks quite interesting. It simulates teams of agents engaged in battle. It has neural network components but no genetic algorithm components although the environment itself provided evolutionary pressures. Unfortunately it seems like it is not open source. According to the AI algorithms are open source but the rest of the package is not open source because it uses a commercial game engine.
Okay, so after all that, the following is my short list for artificial life environments:
 - breve
 - Framsticks
 - Noble Ape
 - Polyworld
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From Bulbapedia, the community-driven Pokémon encyclopedia.
Jump to: navigation, search
Doyle (Japanese: アラタ Arata) is a Pokémon Trainer and, along with Christie, is a character of the day in Where Did You Go, Audino?.
Doyle was determined to find out what was causing Audino to disappear from the village after his grandfather's Audino had vanished. He and Christie would often argue about who would discover the missing Audino first and would compete with one another using their Psychic Pokémon. He had a hunch that an evil organization was taking control of the Audino.
Later on, Doyle was partnered with Ash to watch after an elderly couple's Audino on which they put a tracking device. The Audino soon started acting strange and they followed it and met up with Officer Jenny, Cilan, Christie, and Iris. Doyle managed to slow one of them down with Solosis's Psychic.
Doyle and the others soon found all of the missing Audino and found out that they were being lured by sound waves that Team Rocket had created. He then used Solosis to battle both Jessie's Woobat and James's Yamask. After the case was solved, Doyle was eager to know if Solosis had helped out more than Christie's Gothita, to which Officer Jenny informed the both of them that Ash's Roggenrola helped out the most.
Doyle's Solosis
Solosis was used by Doyle to help locate the missing Audino. Upon encountering Ash and his friends, Doyle commanded it to use Psychic on them as he thought they were suspects. Later, it helped up by getting the group over a cliff so that they wouldn't lose sight of Audino. Solosis was then used to battle Team Rocket by using Confuse Ray on Woobat and Night Shade on Yamask.
Solosis's known moves are Psychic, Confuse Ray and Night Shade.
Debut Where Did You Go, Audino?
Voice actors
Japanese Misato Fukuen
English Erica Schroeder
Voice actors
Language Voice actor
Japanese 竹内順子 Junko Takeuchi
English Leah Clark
Czech Vojtěch Hájek
Finnish Katja Sirkiä
German Maximilian Belle
Polish Beniamin Lewandowski
Brazilian Portuguese Vinícius Takahashi
Spanish Latin America Emilio Treviño
Spain Pilar Coronado


JW6: Pseudo Streaming in Flash
Every HTML5 browser supports the ability for players to seek to not-yet-downloaded portions of a video. This functionality, often referred to as pseudo-streaming, is great for any video longer than a few minutes.
Unfortunately, this functionality is not available by default when playing videos in Flash. A work-around is possible though, by installing a web server module and adding the startparam option to your player setup.
How It Works
Pseudo-streaming works as follows: When the video is initially loaded, the player reads and stores a list of seekpoints as part of the video's metadata. These seekpoints are offsets in the video (both in seconds and in bytes) at which a new keyframe starts.
When a user seeks to a not-yet-downloaded part of the video, the player maps this seek to the nearest seekpoint. Next, the player does a request to the server, adding the seekpoint as a querystring parameter:
A special module in the webserver handles this request. It reads the video in memory and checks the seekpoints metadata. It finds and skips to the offset requested by the querystring parameter. It then returns the video to the browser, starting from that offset.
Because the first frame in each return is a keyframe, the player is able to correctly load and play it. Should the server have returned the video from an arbitrary offset, the player would not be able to pick up the stream and the display would only show garbage.
Server Modules
As said, Flash pseudo-streaming does not work by default on any web server. A server side module is needed to enable it. Here are the most widely used (and open source) modules for this:
Please refer to the project pages and documentation of these modules to learn how to build and install them. This falls outside the scope of the JW Player documentation.
Several CDNs (Content Delivery Networks) support Flash Pseudostreaming as well. We have done successful tests with Bitgravity (MP4 + FLV), Edgecast (MP4 + FLV) and Limelight (only FLV).
The querystring parameter that must be used to load video from an offset differs per module and CDN. Therefore, it can be set in the JW Player using the startparam configuration parameter. By setting this configuration option, you enable pseudo-streaming in Flash, using the parameter name you inserted.
Here is an example of a setup of JW Player, presenting an MP4 video. JW Player is setup to use the pseudo-streaming capabilities of the server. (In this case, EdgeCast):
 image: "/uploads/myPoster.jpg",
 file: "/uploads/myVideo.mp4",
 startparam: "ec_seek"
In our above code, you can see that we are utilizing Edgecast's ec_seek start parameter to enable pseudo-streaming in Flash. However, not all start parameters are the same. Below, we have an overview of different startparam values for different modules/CDNs:
Module/CDN startparam (MP4) startparam (FLV)
mod_h264 starttime start
mod_flvx - start
HttpFlvModule - start
HttpMp4Module start -
Bitgravity starttime apstart
Edgecast ec_seek ec_seek
Limelight ms fs
Nimble Streamer start start
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Still don't have JW Player? Get It Here


jQuery Chart Exporting
Shield UI Chart supports out-of-the-box exporting to image and printing. These options are enabled by default, so there is no need to include any additional settings.
Further manipulation of these settings is done via the exportOptions section of the declaration of the control.
While exporting to PDF is not supported out-of-the-box, it can be achieved through custom code.
In order to achieve this, you need to send the image data to your server, where it can be exported to PDF. The following example demonstrates one such approach.
The steps to follow are listed below:
1. Get the chart instance using javascript: var chart = $("_TAG_").swidget().
2. Call chart.exportToImage() to render the chart as image.
3. Wait 100ms for the image box to show and find the image source: $(".shieldlightbox").find("img").attr("src"). The image src is a base64-encoded string that contains the image data.
4. Send the image data to the server for exporting. In this particular example, we send it to _URL_ for demonstration. The result is a JSON string with a URL that can be used to access the generated PDF.
Your server and PDF generation approach may be different, but the idea is to send the image data somehow so it can be converted to PDF.


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Stick Time: How Will You Choose to Listen?
The first of ACDA's seven divisional conferences takes place next week. For those fortunate enough to be able to attend, those events will provide a rich opportunity to listen, learn, and grow.
But here's a question: HOW will you choose to listen to the concerts? No, not "hear" the concerts... LISTEN. Remember, friends, hearing is passive, listening is active. We are professional conductors; part of why we get paid is to listen.
The possibilities for listening are limitless. Your listening may be influenced by countless factors, such as your training, the sort of choirs you work with, the musical challenges you are facing, or your own musical taste.
One wonders how fellow choral conductors at conferences (or any concert for that matter) listen. Are you listening just simply in the hunt for repertoire? Are you analyzing the overall sound with with thought of achieving a similar performance opportunity? Are you aiming toward improving some tightly defined area of your own choral product and are thus listening to that element in the performance?
Let's practice listening, shall we? The accompanying conference performance is a reasonable example of the sort of sounds you will hear at an ACDA event. Play the recording and LISTEN with one focus firmly in mind. It could be blend, vowel color & unification, tuning, articulation of text, the tone of a single section, releases, or any one of a hundred other things. What do you hear? What did you learn? How will it make your next rehearsal better?
Now... prepare to attend that conference. And LISTEN.


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Here is a 3-step process for Triangulation: Collect, Arrange, Compare/Group.
- Collect all the Match-segments you can. I recommend testing at all three companies (23andMe, FTDNA, and AncestryDNA), and using GEDmatch. But, wherever you test, get all of your segments into a spreadsheet. If you are using more than one company, you need to download, and then arrange, the data in the same format as your spreadsheet. Downloading/arranging is best when starting a new spreadsheet. Downloading avoids typing errors, but direct typing is sometimes easier for updates. I recommend deleting all segments under 7cM – most of them will be IBC/IBS (false segments) anyway, and even the ones which may be IBD are very difficult to confirm as such. You are much better off doing as much Triangulation as you can with segments over 7cM (or use a 10cM threshold if you wish), and then adding smaller segments back in later, if you want to analyze them. NB: Some of your closer Matches will share multiple segments with you – each segment must be entered as a separate row in your spreadsheet. The minimum requirement for a Triangulation with a spreadsheet includes columns for MatchName, Chromosome, SegmentStartLocation, SengmentEndLocation, cMs and TG. Most of us also have columns for SNPs, company, testee, TG, and any other information of interest to you. Perhaps I need a separate blog post about spreadsheets… ;>j
- Arrange the segments by sorting the entire spreadsheet (Cntr-A) by Chromosome and Segment StartLocation. This is one sort with two levels – the Chromosome column is the first level. This puts all of your segments in order – from the first one on Chromosome 1 to the last one on Chromosome 23 (for sorting purposes I recommend changing Chromosome X to 23 or 23X so it will sort after 22). This serves the purpose of putting overlapping segments close to each other in the spreadsheet where they are easy to compare.
- Compare/Group overlapping segments. All of these segments are shared segments with you. So with segments that overlap each other, you want to know if they match each other at this location. If so this is Triangulation. This comparison is done a little differently at each company, but the goal is the same: two segments either match each other, or they don't (or there isn't enough overlapping segment information to determine a match). All the Matches who match each other will form a Triangulated Group, on one chromosome – call this TG A (or any other name you want). Go through the same process with the segments who didn't match TG A. They will often match each other and will form a second, overlapping TG, on the other chromosome – call this TG B. [Remember you have two of each numbered chromosome.] So to review, and put it all a different way: All of your segments (every row of your spreadsheet) will go into one of 4 categories:
- – TG A [the first one with segments which match each other]
- – TG B [the other, overlapping, one with segments which match each other]
- – IBC/IBS [the segments don't match either TG A or TG B]
- – Undetermined [there are not enough segments to form both TG A and TG B and/or there isn't enough overlapping data to determine a match.]
- NB: None of the segments in TG A should match any of the segments in TG B.
- At GEDmatch – the comparisons are easy. Just compare two kit numbers using the one-to-one utility to see if they match each other on the appropriate segment. The ones that do are Triangulated. You may also use the Tier1 Triangulation utility or the Segment utility. I prefer using the one-to-one utility and Chrome.
- At 23andMe you have several different utilities:
- – Family Inheritance: Advanced lets you compare up to 5 Matches at a time. You may also request a spreadsheet of all your shared segments; sort that by chromosome and SegmentStart, and check to see if two of your Matches match each other. The ones that do are Triangulated.
- – Countries of Ancestry: Sort a Match's spreadsheet by chromosome and SegmentStart, search for your own name, and highlight the overlapping segments. The Matches on this highlighted list who are also on overlapping segments in your spreadsheet are Triangulated (the CoA spreadsheet confirms the match between two of your Matches)
- At FTDNA it's a little trickier, because they don't have a utility to compare two of your Matches. So the most positive method is to contact the Matches and ask them to confirm if they match your overlapping Matches, or not. The ones that do are Triangulated. An almost-as-good alternative is to use the InCommonWith utility. Look for the 2-squigley-arrows icon next to a Match's name, click that, and select In Common With to get a list of your Matches who also match the Match you started with. Compare that list of Matches with the list of list of Matches with overlapping segments in your spreadsheet. Matches on both lists are considered to be Triangulated. Although this is not a foolproof method, it works most of the time. And if you find three or four ICW Matches in the same TG, the odds are much closer to 100%. Remember, every segment in your spreadsheet must go in one TG or the other, or be IBC/IBS, or be undetermined. If a particular Match, in one TG, is critical to your analysis, then try hard to confirm the Triangulation by contacting the Matches.
- AncestryDNA has no DNA analysis utilities. You need to convince your Matches to upload their raw data to GEDmatch (for free) or FTDNA (for a fee), and see the paragraphs above.
Comments to improve this blog post are welcomed.
10 Segmentology: How to Triangulate; by Jim Bartlett 20150511


text:
To Assess Utility of CT Scanin Patients with Deviated Nasal Septum
CT Scan in Patients with Deviated Nasal Septum
Background: Nasal septum pathology is highly prevalent and septoplasty is a commonly developed surgery. The present study was conducted to assess utility of CT scan in patients with deviated nasal septum. Subjects and Methods: The present study was conducted on 82 patients reported to Department of Radio diagnosis L N medical college and J k Hospital Bhopalfor CT scan of PNS which were diagnosed with DNS. The CT scans were performed with GE 128 slice CT scanner machine. Results: Out of 82 patients, males were 52 and females were 30. Age group 11-20 years had 32, 21-30 years had 20, 31-40 years had 15, 41-50 years had 12 and 51-60 years had 3 patients. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). Common features in patients were headache in 41, nasal obstruction in 74, facial pain in 33, hyposmia in 27 and epistaxis in 11. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). There are six types of deviated nasal septum. Common type were type V in 21, type IV in 20, type VI in 16, type III in 9, type II in 6 and type I in 5. Conclusion: CT scan is useful tool in diagnosis of types of deviated nasal septum.


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Why residence event and not Address?
The discussion of how to enter addresses in GRAMPS pops up from time to time, especially with new users. Let's give some reasoning on why to use the residence event for genealogical research, and not address.
You find a definition of an address in Glossary, as well as for Place. So the address is for mailing, while the place is to indicate a point on a map. Mailing is in general not very useful for deceased people, the main focus of your research. So:
- What is an Address?
- The GRAMPS concept of an Address is a particular location with an associated time frame. Think of it as a mailing address. It is intended to represent where a person lived and when the person lived there.
- What is a Place?
- The GRAMPS concept of a Place is a particular location independent of time. Over time, the same Place may have different address information due to changing borders and political situation. For example, Leningrad and St. Petersburg represent the same place, but with different names. GRAMPS offers the alternate locations tab in the Place Editor, allowing to enter different address information of the place.
Apart from this, an event is important here: A defining moment in a person's life. Events can be coupled to places and are a central object in genealogy research, together with people, families and sources. They give a timeline on the life of a person, a timeline on which it is important to also indicate where a person lives.
Why residence events?
So, what are the advantages of residence events then? Well:
- You can attach a place to it. This place will then be the effective address, with possible alternate locations (see the place dialog) indicating how eg this place is called today as opposed to when the event happened.
- You can share that place between people and families. With addresses there is no way to check if an address is already in your database - unless you remember it. That makes it unlikely to discover that two people actually lived at the same address. You can also filter on place city, eg give me all residence events that are in a place with city Berlin.
- Hence, you can search places and see not just what happened in a certain city, but also who lived (resided) there. That's also not possible using the 'address' system. This is a timeline of a place with all events that happened there.
- On a timeline of a person you can see the event and infer details, eg a person marries before or after moving to a new house.
- Using a place for the address allows you to use this place for other events. Eg suppose Jim marries at home, then the Marriage event can be linked to the place indicating his home, just like the Residence event does.
- Just like the address field, events have full time control, so time spans and periods can be used and are recognized for reports.
- Individual attributes on residence event are handled on Gedcom export.
What is a disadvantage:
- For a change in streetname, the address changes but the position on the map is the same. GRAMPS allows you to store this information in an alternate location, but alternate location has no date span, so you cannot indicate during which time frame an address for a place was in use.
Note that some researchers on the mailing list have expressed they like to store address changes in notes connected to a place, instead of in the alternate location tab. This because in general notes are exported to GEDCOM correctly and understood in other programs you might want to use the information.
It is important to note that you could use the Location event also, or make a custom event with a naming that suits you more.
Try it out
There is no standard method of storing addresses in GRAMPS. Try out the two methods, and use what works for you.
Note the following:
- Address is not always well supported in other genealogy applications.
- Alternate location of place used in GRAMPS is not present in many other applications. You might consider recording this in notes instead.
- Events are supported by all programs you use, as is the default place location.


text:
This patent production line of rice bran pretreatment and expansion machines adopts reasonable designs. It can make high efficient expansion for rice bran. This rice bran oil expansion pretreatment is featured by high quality rice bran expansion, low human and production cost, small footprint, low power consumption etc.
Process flow of Rice Bran Oil pretreatment & Expansion introduction:
1. Rice bran was unloaded into workshop manually through artificial screw feeder and then be sent to elevator.
2. The uploaded rice bran goes through rice bran separating screen in order to remove large complexes of rice bran.
3. Clearly cleaned rice bran is sent into quenching pot through elevator conveyor. The quenched rice bran goes into feeding auger after expansion and fall into extruder.
4. After extruding, rice bran expansion materials fall on flat dryer for drying. The dry extruding rice bran is sent to extraction plant by conveyor.
Process Flow Chart of Rice Bran Oil Expansion & Pretreatment:
Working Principle of rice bran oil pretreatment and Expansion:
Rice bran oil expansion pretreatment will change the shape and structure of rice bran through press and promotion of non-isometric and nonstandard screw system of extruder. The gas among rice bran gap is squeezed out and quickly filled with materials, which causes rice bran sheared back and increased pressure inside the chamber. Rice bran hybrid is fully mixed, squeezed, heated, glued and pasted with increasing friction between screw and chamber, which changes rice bran structure and destroys rice bran fat layer structure.
At the same time, mechanical energy converts into heat, and machine chamber quickly rises to 125 degrees, which causes effective passivation of various enzyme activities of rice bran, and destruction of fat layer structure. The starch and protein turn into viscous state while rice bran is extruded to the exit, and high pressure changes into atmospheric pressure instantaneously. Moisture is evaporated from rice bran organizational structure quickly, forming into numerous pore structure inner rice bran. The rice bran oil expansion pretreatment is completed after cooling.


Adding Customer Attribute Tutorial
In this tutorial, we will walk through the two different ways you can keep track of personalized attributes for your customers. We will demonstrate the easy way of simply storing the attributes in the customerAttributes object and the slightly more customized (but still easy) way of extending the Broadleaf CustomerImpl class. Also, please note that while we're going through extending a Customer in this tutorial, the same patterns apply for all Broadleaf provided objects.
Using the provided CustomerAttributes object
If you're only wanting to save off simple String values to be referenced later, the easiest way is to use the CustomerAttributes. This is exactly what we'll do to store a referral code on our Customer.
First, we need to modify the UI to pass in a referral code to our controller. We'll do that by extending the RegisterCustomerForm to carry our referral code along.
public class HCRegisterCustomerForm extends RegisterCustomerForm {
 public String referralCode;
 public String getReferralCode() {
 return referralCode;
 public void setReferralCode(String referralCode) {
 this.referralCode = referralCode;
Then, we need to modify RegisterController to initialize our extended form. If we look at the source of the parent BroadleafRegisterController, we can see that it initializes a RegisterCustomerForm and simply sets the customer object. Therefore, we can utilize the super method and just modify it slightly:
 public HCRegisterCustomerForm initCustomerRegistrationForm() {
 RegisterCustomerForm superForm = super.initCustomerRegistrationForm();
 HCRegisterCustomerForm form = new HCRegisterCustomerForm();
 return form;
Then, we can add the new field to ajax/register.html, right below the confirm password field:

 Referral Code

Note: We are not attaching any validation to this field. It is completely optional for the sake of this tutorial.
At this, point, when you click on Register, you should see your additional field:
Referral Code field
All that's left is to save our referral code into our customer. We want to do this if the registration was successful. So, in RegisterController, we want to modify the processRegister method to look like this:
String url = super.processRegister(registerCustomerForm, errors, request, response, model);
 if (url.equals(getRegisterSuccessView())) {
 // Grab the current customer from the request
 Customer newCustomer = CustomerState.getCustomer();
 // Create the referralCode CustomerAttribute
 CustomerAttribute referralCodeAttr = new CustomerAttributeImpl();
 // Update our customer object
 newCustomer.getCustomerAttributes().put("referralCode", referralCodeAttr);
 newCustomer = customerService.saveCustomer(newCustomer);
 // Place the new customer onto the request
return url;
It's as easy as that!


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Housing and Wealth Inequality in Azerbaijan: A Statistical Analysis of Real Estate Prices in Baku
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Read the full research here.
Housing affordability is viewed by many as a way of assessing the socioeconomic stability of a country. Housing being one of, if not the largest expense for most households, the COVID-19 pandemic has underscored its importance as many households lost part of their income, leading to unpaid rent and unstable living conditions in many countries. This situation further highlights the need for policymakers to discuss housing affordability.
However, there is another reason housing affordability is an issue not to ignore. As put forward by Thomas Piketty (2014), the return rates on capital (e.g. real estate) are higher than the rate of return on labor, reproducing a cycle of wealth inequalities. While many researchers have assessed housing wealth's effects on inequality in Western cities, none have discussed Baku's case.
In this study, we assess housing affordability for first-time apartment buyers corrected for the average household's savings rate. Results show that in the current situation, the average household cannot afford to buy an apartment during the course of their life as their monthly expenditures surpass their monthly net income by 514 AZN, and thus any real estate price is unattainable. After computing a simulation of increased wages, it has been assessed that even after a 250 AZN increase, most first-time buyers still could not afford housing.
1/ Low salaries, low savings rate
Table 4 shows the average monthly and yearly expenditures per person and household in Baku as of 2020. Per person, the average monthly expenditures are 897 AZN, while per household, these expenditures are 1,893.9 AZN.
At the current average salary of 326.1 AZN per capita, the average household of four, no matter the number of working individuals, cannot afford the average monthly consumption expenditures of 332.4 AZN per person. This is without considering non-consumption expenditures, such as rent, which averages 564 AZN in Baku, according to our August 2020 data.
Average expenditures. Based on 2019 official statistics and 2020 collected data.
Depending on the number of working individuals, the average household salary ranges from 326.1 to 1,304.4 AZN per month. However, the household consumption expenditure and average rent being 1,329.6 and 564 AZN, respectively, all household compositions suffer from a shortage of financial funds at the end of the month.
Average monthly salary and savings per household composition
The average household is thus 1,079 AZN short every month, making it impossible to save to buy housing later in life, be it with financing options or without. Even before rent payment, the average household is short 514 AZN.
As an experiment, we decided to compare savings rates at two different salary levels: at 476 and 576 AZN per person. As shown in table 5, the average household can still not afford all its expenditures and save at a salary level of 476 AZN, with an average savings level at –704 AZN.
Savings rate at salary of 476 AZN per person
Savings rate at salary of 576 AZN per person
As can be seen from the previous table, only after a 76% increase in salary at 576 AZN does one type of household with all four persons working start saving 4% of their monthly salary. Based on this analysis, results show that Baku's average household salary does not account for all monthly expenditures, including rent, even after an increase of 250 AZN in salary.
It also follows that this situation might affect petty corruption levels. As the salaries are too low compared to the expenditures, the moral costs of corruption decrease as these acts serve a compensatory role aiming at the increase of household financial funds.
It must be noted that the official average salary statistics might not be the closest to reality, as the shadow economy of Azerbaijan represented over 65% of GDP in 2010 (Bayramov 2012). This shadow economy includes informal employment that goes undeclared and informal payments such as small bribes paid to government officials in exchange for standard public services (Guliyev, 2015). As a result, official salary levels might be lower than the real financial funds that households receive monthly.
2/ No access to financing
Based on these findings, we analyzed the official statistics on mortgage and credit in Azerbaijan (MCGF, 2019). As of 2019, only 3% of mortgage borrowers had a salary of under 500 AZN, while 42% have a salary between 501 and 1000 AZN (inclusive), and over 53% had a salary of over 1001 AZN.
When calculating the largest amount borrowable by a household at the average salary via the MCGF website, it appears that neither ordinary nor social mortgages can be taken out by the household, even when the mortgage is joint. In all cases, because of the lack of savings, the average borrower cannot pay an initial down payment of 10% or 15% for an ordinary or social mortgage, respectively.
Options to finance housing are thus not only limited but also not accessible to the average household. Even when assessing the possibility of a "soft" mortgage intended for the poorer population, these social loans remain inaccessible for the lowto average-income households.
3/ Lack of housing affordability
Based on our collected data, the average housing sales price is 148,907 AZN, with a price per meter of 1,515 AZN. The following table estimates that the average sales price is 450 times the average salary per person.
Average sales price per size of apartment
Average price per district
As shown in the previous table, the highest housing price is in Nasimi district, with Yasamal following close behind at 185,174 and 152,562 AZN, respectively. The lowest real estate prices are recorded in the Garadagh and Pirallahi districts.
Building from these numbers, we compute the price-to-income ratio for the overall average real estate price before going ahead to the assessment of housing affordability:
Average price-to-income ratio with rating
Housing affordability rating
Results show that for all household compositions at the current savings level and price-to-income ratio, housing is, as expected, unaffordable.
As an experiment, we compute housing affordability, where the average salary per person would be 576 AZN.
Housing affordability rating at salary level of 576 AZN
It follows that even at a salary increase of 250 AZN per working person, the average household can still not afford real estate in Baku.
1/ Housing affordability and wealth inequalities
Housing is the most basic of human needs (shelter); its affordability is an essential factor in assessing a population's livelihood. Housing affordability has become problematic worldwide, putting the lower and lower-middle-income households further under strain. This lack of affordability has even been linked to poorer health as households tend to spend less on their health when housing costs represent a higher percentage of their income (Stud 2000). In a 2020 study, links between the deprivation of stable shelter and household health were assessed in Hong Kong, which has been suffering from housing unaffordability for many years. Due to the low disposable income post-housing costs, households suffer from increased stress levels, leading to overall poor physical and mental health (Chung et al. 2020).
The analysis done for this paper supports the hypothesis that housing inequality is related to wealth inequalities in Azerbaijan's capital city, Baku. The traditional way of explaining inequalities is the struggle between capital and labor, or the distribution of income between capital and labor. Piketty, in his work Capital in the Twenty-First Century (2014), shows how it is no longer possible for an individual to increase their income through their labor as capital's growth rate has exceeded that of labor. This means that labor returns have decreased while returns on capital, including real estate, have increased. A situation that further supports the idea that housing capital helps perpetuate social segregation and wealth inequalities.
The declining labor share of income has been documented worldwide (e.g., Karabarbounis, Neiman 2014; Chi Dao et al. 2017), further emphasizing the need for housing affordability policies. In Baku's case, despite the average household's housing costs being more than half of their monthly income, there are no policies targeted at creating more social housing. The data shows that housing is not affordable regardless of the size of the apartment or the district, but most households also cannot save since their total expenditures surpass their income. Even more surprising in our findings is that even after a hypothetical 250 AZN increase in individual income, the average household can still not afford to buy housing.
Access to housing finance is virtually non-existent for these households. Mortgage plans do not seem to have successfully penetrated the market. Social mortgages have only made housing purchases more affordable for households with higher salaries. This is just as much an issue in Baku as it is in London (UK). A 2017 London School of Economics report showed that despite the government targeting poorer households with its low-cost homeownership opportunities, the average person to benefit from this type of help already earned 1.5 times the median wage (LSE, 2017). [U1] Instead of promoting homeownership for average-income households, these schemes made housing purchases more affordable for households that could have bought without governmental help.
It is worth noting that despite having poor access to housing finance, microfinance is well established and offered by all banks.


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Let $G = \mathbb Z^n$, the fi nite cyclic group of order $n$, and let $A = l ^1(G)$, a Banach algebra over $\mathbb C$ when the product is convolution, de fined for $f, g \in A$ by $f * g(x) =\sum _{y \in G}f(y)g(x -y)$. Can we determine the maximal ideal space of $A$, equivalently the space of algebra homomorphisms from $A$ onto $\mathbb C$?
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Is there something missing or unclear in the answer below? – Martin Feb 15 '13 at 9:25
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The group $G$ embeds into $\ell^1(G)$ via the homomorphism $g \mapsto \delta_g$ since $\delta_g \ast \delta_h = \delta_{gh}$. Since $\lVert \delta_g \rVert_1 = 1$, a surjective homomorphism $\ell^1(G) \to \mathbb{C}$ restricts to a homomorphism $G \to \mathbb{C}^\times$ with bounded range. The maximal bounded subgroup of $\mathbb{C}^\times$ is $\mathbb{T} = \{z \in \mathbb{C} \mid |z| =1\}$, so we obtain a map from the maximal ideal space of $\ell^1(G)$ to the Pontryagin dual $\widehat{G} =\operatorname{Hom}(G,\mathbb T)$. Conversely, a homomorphism $G \to \mathbb{T}$ determines a surjective homomorphism $\ell^1(G) \to \mathbb{C}$ since the $\delta_g$ span a dense subspace of $\ell^1(G)$. From this one easily deduces an identification of the maximal ideal space of $\ell^1(G)$ with the Pontryagin dual of $G$ which is $\widehat{G} = \mathbb{T}^n$ or $\widehat{G} \cong \mathbb{Z}_n$ depending on whether you meant $G = \mathbb{Z}^n$ or $G = \mathbb{Z}_n$.
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text:
Why do kissing gouramis kiss each other? Does this signify that I have a pair?
It seems most likely that this strange kissing ritual has actually
evolved as a way of settling disputes, without the fish having
resorting to more aggressive behaviour, rather than as a sign of
affection. It could be a trial of strength. Kissing gouramis (Helostoma temminckii
anchor their fleshy lips together, until one breaks the contact.
cannot sex these fish visually outside the breeding period - only when
the female then swells with eggs can they be distinguished. There are
two colours in existence - the natural grey form, and the more commonly-kept rose-pink domesticated variety. These do not reflect a difference


text:
Maghain Aboth Synagogue
Comments on article: InfopediaTalk
Maghain Aboth Synagogue, which translates to "Shield of our Fathers", was completed in 1878. Situated at Waterloo Street, it is the oldest synagogue in Singapore and Southeast Asia. On 27 February 1998, the synagogue was gazetted as a national monument.
In 1841, the colonial government leased a plot of land to the Jewish community at a nominal rent, for the construction of a synagogue. This was to be the community's first synagogue. The land, estimated to measure 503m2, was located at where Synagogue Street is today, in the early Jewish quarters near Raffles Place.
The lease was enshrined in the Jewish Synagogue Ordinance and commenced on 1 September 1841. The three men that negotiated the lease, Joseph Dewk Cohen, Nassim Joseph Ezra and Ezra Ezra Ezekiel, were named in the Ordinance as the synagogue's trustees.
A two-storey shophouse was built to accommodate the synagogue, which began with a congregation of about 40 and served the local Jewish population for 30 years until the shophouse was sold. This building was demolished after World War II.
By 1870, the Jewish population had grown significantly and many were living further away from the synagogue. The leaders of the community thus saw the need to build a new synagogue, a need that was later met by the opening of the Maghain Aboth Synagogue.
In 1870, one of the new trustees, Joseph Joshua, negotiated to pay $4,000 for a piece of land owned by Raffles Institution at Bras Basah, for the construction of a new synagogue. However, the agreement required the synagogue to be built within three years. Because the funds for the building project could not be raised in time, the agreement lapsed.
It was only when Joshua's nephew Manasseh Meyer, also one of the trustees, returned to Singapore in 1873 that the current site for the Maghain Aboth Synagogue was acquired. Meyer, who had been in Rangoon (now called Yangon, in Myanmar) for the past six years, approached the government upon his return, for permission to sell the old synagogue and build a new one. The government approved his request and granted a plot of land at Waterloo Street (then known as Church Street) for the new synagogue.
On 4 April 1878, the Maghain Aboth Synagogue was consecrated. According to official sources, the service could have been conducted by one of two men, Lucunas or I. J. Hayeem, or both of them. The building had extensions added in 1924.
During the Japanese Occupation (_PHONE_), the synagogue remained an important meeting place, where the local Jews exchanged news and collected funds to help those in need.
The synagogue sits within a 2,290.6m2 compound where a sunk-in well for the mikvah or "ritual bath" can also be found. The synagogue itself is a simple, symmetrical building designed in neo-classical style. The covered porch that protrudes from the front of the building has an entrance arch large enough to allow horse carriages through.
From the front porch, a wide flight of steps leads up to the three wide doors at the main entrance of the synagogue. There are two separate entrances for women. Inside, the hall features a high triple-volume ceiling, traditional columns and rusticated walls that do not bear any decorations or images. In the centre is the bimah, a raised pulpit where prayers by the rabbi and readings from the Torah ("scrolls of the law") take place during services. The synagogue originally had only one storey, but a second-storey U-shaped balcony was later added to accommodate women.
The prayer hall is orientated west towards Jerusalem. The bimah faces the ahel or "ark", which is situated in a niche on an elevated area at the west wall of the hall. The ahel is an alcove where the Torah is stored and it is normally covered by the parochet, a fringed curtain with detailed embroidery. Hanging before the ahel is the eternal lamp, a symbol of the eternal flame that burned in what once was the Temple of Jerusalem. Sometimes a menorah or "seven-branched candlestand" would also be placed here, as a symbol of the state of Israel.
In the past, gas lighting and oil lamps provided illumination during services. The oil lamps, which were merely wicks placed in glass bowls filled with oil, still hang suspended from steel rods today, mainly in remembrance of those who died in the past year. Electric lamps attached to the ceiling and columns now provide the needed lighting.
Services and events
The Maghain Aboth Synagogue is a hive of activity during Jewish festive celebrations. It is open all year round and holds services daily except on Mondays, when services take place at the Chesed El Synagogue instead. In the early days, during the service, congregants had the practice of auctioning the aliyoth or "privileges" given to certain members of the congregation, with the money going towards the maintenance of the synagogue.
In 2006, the synagogue was one of the religious sites used as an exhibition venue during the inaugural Singapore Biennale.
Bonny Tan & Valerie Chew
Attorney General's Chambers. (2010). Jewish Synagogue Ordinance. Retrieved September 1, 2010, from Singapore Statutes Online website: _URL_
Edwards, N., & Keys, P. (1988). Singapore: A guide to buildings, streets, places (p. 271). Singapore: Times Books International.
(Call no.: RSING 915.957 EDW)
Jewish Welfare Board. (n.d.). History. Retrieved September 8, 2010, from _URL_
Lee, G. B. (2002). The religious monuments of Singapore: Faiths of our forefathers (pp. 102-105). Singapore: Landmark Books.
(Call no.: RSING 726.095957 LEE)
Lim, E. W. K., & Kho, E. M. (c2005). The Chesed-El Synagogue: Its history & people (pp. 8-19). Singapore: Trustees of Chesed-El Synagogue.
(Call no.: RSING 296.095957 LIM)
Nathan, E. (1986). The history of Jews in Singapore, _PHONE_ (pp. 1-13). Singapore: HERBILU Editorial & Marketing Services.
(Call no.: RSING 301.45192405957 NAT)
Singapore biennale 2006. (2006, September 6). The Straits Times. Retrieved January 21, 2011, from NewspaperSG.
Urban Redevelopment Authority. (1999). Maghain Aboth Synagogue preservation guidelines, Vol. I (pp. 4-6, 24). Singapore: Preservation of Monuments Board.
(Call no.: RSING 363.69095957 MAG)
Maghain Aboth Synagogue. (2010). Retrieved September 8, 2010, from Preservation of Monuments Board website: _URL_
Makepeace, W., Brooke, G. E., & Braddell, R. St. J. (Eds.). (1991). One hundred years of Singapore, Vol. 2 (pp. 274-275). Singapore: Oxford University Press.
(Call no.: RSING 959.57 ONE)
Samuel, D. S. (1991). Singapore's heritage: Through places of historical interest (pp. 49-51). Singapore: Elixir Consultancy Service.
(Call no.: RSING 959.57 SAM)
Wan, M. H. (2009). Heritage places of Singapore (pp. 127-128). Singapore: Marshall Cavendish Editions.
(Call no.: RSING 959.57 WAN)
The information in this article is valid as at 2010 and correct as far as we are able to ascertain from our sources. It is not intended to be an exhaustive or complete history on the subject. Please contact the Library for further reading materials on the topic.
Architecture and Landscape>>Building Types>>Historic Buildings
Architecture and Landscape>>Building Types>>Religious Buildings
People and communities>>Social groups and communities


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text:
Malheur Cave, 13 miles east of Princeton, is 3,000 feet long, and the height varies from 8 feet near the entrance to a maximum of 20 feet far back in the cave. An underground lake fills the lower end of the cave, and fluctuation can cause the water to raise within 1,000 feet of the entrance.
The Masons, Robert Burns Masonic Lodge No. 97, used this cave extensively for ceremonies and other functions. The curious come on a year-round basic, the kids for fun, the scientists for answers to long-time questions, and the cavers, just to meet or visit an old friend. The Masons own the cave, but have left it open to whoever wishes to cool off on a hot summer day, explore its many wonders and paddle its waters, just as it was done decades ago
After passing under the low, arching entrance, the passage opens to a wide expanse of level dirt floor. The walking passage eventually reaches two rows of wooden beachers used by the Masons. After passing the cement platform, the passage begins to get more muddy and filled with boulders of breakdown from the ceiling. The point where the passage turns to water depends on the time of year and the level of the adjacent reservoir. Beneath the waters is a submerged boat and soon the waters reach to the ceiling of the passage. Divers have plumbed to the end of the cave.


text:
Erbil to Baghdad distance, location, road map and direction
Erbil is located in iraq
at the longitude of 44.01 and latitude of 36.21. Baghdad is located in Iraq
at the longitude of 44.36 and latitude of 33.31.
- Driving Distance : 366 KM and 237 meters / 227.6 miles.
- Straight Line Distance : 323 KM and 400 meters / 201 miles.
- Travel time : 7 hours and 16 minutes.
- Direction and bearing : South side, 174 degree.
Distance between Erbil and Baghdad
The total straight line distance between Erbil and Baghdad is 323 KM
(kilometers) and 400 meters. The miles based distance from Erbil to Baghdad is 201
miles. This is a straight line distance and so most of the time the actual travel distance between Erbil and Baghdad may be higher or vary due to curvature of the road.
The driving distance or the travel distance between Erbil to Baghdad is 366 KM and 237 meters. The mile based, road distance between these two travel point is 227.6 miles.
Time Difference between Erbil and Baghdad
The sun rise time difference or the actual time difference between Erbil and Baghdad is 0 hours, 1 minutes and 24 seconds
Erbil and Baghdad time calculation is based on UTC time of the particular city. It may vary from country standard time, local time etc.
Erbil To Baghdad travel time
Erbil is located around 323 KM away from Baghdad so if you travel at the consistent speed of 50 KM per hour you can reach Baghdad in 7 hours and 16 minutes. Your Baghdad travel time may vary due to your bus speed, train speed or depending upon the vehicle you use.
Midway point between Erbil To Baghdad
Mid way point or halfway place is a center point between source and destination location. The mid way point between Erbil and Baghdad is situated at the latitude of 34.759689360214 and the longitude of 44.188129396901. If you need refreshment you can stop around this midway place, after checking the safety,feasibility, etc.
Erbil To Baghdad road map
Baghdad is located nearly South
side to Erbil. The bearing degree from Erbil To Baghdad is 174 ° degree
. The given South direction from Erbil is only approximate. The given google map shows the direction in which the blue color line indicates road connectivity to Baghdad. In the travel map towards Baghdad you may find en route hotels, tourist spots, picnic spots, petrol pumps and various religious places. The given google map is not comfortable to view all the places as per your expectation then to view street maps, local places see our detailed map here.
Erbil To Baghdad driving direction
The following diriving direction guides you to reach Baghdad from Erbil. Our straight line distance may vary from google distance.
Travel Distance from Erbil
The onward journey distance may vary from downward distance due to one way traffic road. This website gives the travel information and distance for all the cities in the globe. For example if you have any queries like what is the distance between Erbil and Baghdad? and How far is Erbil from Baghdad?. Driving distance between Erbil and Baghdad. Erbil to Baghdad distance by road. Distance between Erbil and Baghdad is 320 KM / 199.2 miles. distance between Erbil and Baghdad by road. It will answer those queires aslo. Some popular travel routes and their links are given here :-
Travelers and visitors are welcome to write more travel information about Erbil and Baghdad.
- It can be your previous travel experience between Erbil and Baghdad.
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- Hotels, restaurant information on the way to Baghdad.
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