Kiln Setings Video Instructions for Patsy Croft Kilns of Enameling and Jewelry
The Built-in Digital Set Point Controller on the 66F-TEW Kilns
The Built-in Digital Set Point Controller on the 55F-TE and the 55F-TEW Kilns
Enameling and Jewelry Kiln operating instructions.
The TEC220 Three-button Controller is a highly accurate and customizable instrument. In this installation, the controller's basic setpoint functions are used to reach your target temperature rapidly. Once plugged in and after an initial startup sequence, the controller displays the current interior kiln temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (°F). With the "ELEMENTS ON" toggle switch in the UP/ON position, the kiln will immediately begin to heat and will seek the last programed set point temperature.
To change the target temperature:
 1. With the toggle in the off position, press the SET key (first key on left) until you see the displays SPI.
 2. Now press the "UP" or "DOWN" Arrow keys to your desired temperature.
 3. Then press both the up and down keys at the same time to see your new set temperature.
 4. It will began to recalibrate to the new set point temperature.
Opening the kiln door during heating will cause the temperature to drop quickly. Temperature recovery to your set point is rapid. I fire at 1400 degrees on average and I can open the door, place my jewel in side, close the door and the temperature has regained my set point in several seconds.
My kilns do not have a silent relay. I choose this because it clicks which is a signal to me it is at temperature. And a reminder the kiln is on before leaving the studio.
Be aware that the kiln's elements are "ON" and may have 120 volts to them when the toggle is in the UP/ON position. Always flip the toggle to the off position, "elements off" when you are finished firing.
Adjusting your kiln settings
Kiln Setings Video
Latch – How it Works


text:
How to use robots for mass customized production?
This project subsists on the translational discrepancies that arise during interplay between an excessively controlled but exceedingly irresolute digital environment and its materialization into the reality of physical space. sPhysical seeks the epitome of synthesizing digital tools with physical expression by re-conceptualizing material design processes and applications in the field of architecture. The problem of materialization exists as the limitation of digital control and resolution. Matter and form are subjugated through a logic of rigging, a concept derived from and informed by robotic motion-control, and embedded with a certain propensity and agency. A design methodology, one that realizes the potential of designed properties, will be achieved through the conceptualization of rigging matter and form.
focus: mass customization with robots, translational discrepancies
team: Erin Besler, Siim Tuksam, Eugen Kosgoron,
program: research in robotic fabrication
date: 2011 winter term in Studio Testa, Sci-Arc, Los Angeles

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Definition of of
1 —used as a function word to indicate a point of reckoning north of the lake
2a —used as a function word to indicate origin or derivation a man of noble birthb —used as a function word to indicate the cause, motive, or reason died of fluc : by plays of Shakespeared : on the part of very kind of youe : occurring in a fish of the western Atlantic
3 —used as a function word to indicate the component material, parts, or elements or the contents throne of gold cup of water
4a —used as a function word to indicate the whole that includes the part denoted by the preceding word most of the armyb —used as a function word to indicate a whole or quantity from which a part is removed or expended gave of his time
5a : relating to : about stories of her travelsb : in respect to slow of speech
6a —used as a function word to indicate belonging or a possessive relationship king of Englandb —used as a function word to indicate relationship between a result determined by a function or operation and a basic entity (such as an independent variable) a function of x the product of two numbers
7 —used as a function word to indicate something from which a person or thing is delivered eased of her pain or with respect to which someone or something is made destitute robbed of all their belongings
8a —used as a function word to indicate a particular example belonging to the class denoted by the preceding noun the city of Romeb —used as a function word to indicate apposition that fool of a husband
Examples of of in a Sentence
He is a coworker of mine.
I threw out that old shirt of yours.
She's a friend of my mother's.
He had the support of his family to help him.
the plays of William Shakespeare
What is the name of the band?
We admired the courage of the young woman.
the President of the United States
What is the total cost of the repairs?
The value of the antique is high.
Origin and Etymology of of
Middle English, off, of, from Old English, adverb & preposition; akin to Old High German aba off, away, Latin ab from, away, Greek apo
First Known Use: before 12th century
Origin and Etymology of of
First Known Use: circa 1800
Definition of OF
OF Defined for English Language Learners
Definition of of for English Language Learners
: belonging to, relating to, or connected with (someone or something)
—used to indicate that someone or something belongs to a group of people or things
: living or occurring in (a specified country, city, town, etc.)
OF Defined for Kids
Definition of of for Students
1 —used to join an amount or a part with the whole which includes it most of the children the back of the closet
2 : belonging to, relating to, or connected with a shirt of his the top of the hill
3 : concerning I heard the news of your success.
4 : that is the city of Rome
5 : made from a house of bricks
6 : that has : with a man of courage a thing of no importance
7 —used to show what has been taken away a tree bare of leaves cured of disease
8 —used to indicate the reason for a fear of spiders
Seen and Heard
What made you want to look up of? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible).


text:
This paper aims to articulate aspects of the Private Sector Development Strategies of two key Development Banks in order to reflect on commonalities and differences. The paper reviews these strategies and focuses on what is included and what is omitted, as well as commenting on the characteristics of these strategies as corporate direction setting. The degree to which strategies seem to have incorporated organisational learning, power relationships and cultural contexts is then assessed.
Manchester, UK, CRC Working Paper, No. 42, 19 pp.
Private sector development strategy: some critical issues.


text:
Who Procues for Whom in the World...
WHO PRODUCES FOR WHOM IN THE WORLD ECONOMY?
For nearly two decades, the share of trade in inputs, also called vertical trade, has dramatically increased. This paper suggests a new measure of international trade: "value-added trade". Like many existing estimates, "value-added trade" is net of double-counted vertical trade. It also reallocate trade flows to their original input-producing industries and countries and allows to answer the question "who produces for whom". In 2004, 27% of international trade were "only" vertical specialization trade. The sector repartition of value-added trade is very different from the sector repartition of standard trade. Value-added trade is less regionalized than standard trade.
Add Your Comments

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Do you know there's a Stickies app that comes pre-installed on the Mac? If this is the first time you have heard about it, then you are certainly not alone. Every Mac has Stickies app that is hidden inside the Launchpad's Others folder. The app allows users to create sticky notes that can be placed on the desktop. These sticky notes make it easier for users to remind themselves of pending tasks and useful information.
What makes Stickies app even cooler is that it comes with a built-in macOS keyboard shortcut, which makes it possible for users to select any text and then automatically create a sticky note for it.
To create a sticky note of highlighted text all you have to do is press Command + Shift + Y keys from the keyboard. Once you do the macOS will launch the Stickies app, create a new sticky note and automatically paste the selected text on it.
For example, when you are browsing the Internet on the web browser of your choice and you come across useful tip, address or a phone number and you want to create a sticky note out of it. You just highlight it using the cursor and then press Command + Shift + Y keys, and a sticky note will be created.
The note is placed on the desktop where it will remind you about the highlighted text whenever you look at it. To get rid of the note you can click on the close button.


text:
LDAP X509 Identity Asserter: Provider Specific
Configuration Options Related Tasks Related Topics
Use this page to define the provider specific configuration of this LDAP X509 Identity Assertion provider.
Name Description Host
The host name of the computer on which the LDAP server is running.
The port number on which the LDAP server is listening.
The Distinguished Name (DN) of the LDAP user that WebLogic Server should use to connect to the LDAP server.
The credential (usually a password) used to connect to the LDAP server.
If this password has not been set, WebLogic Server generates a password at startup, initializes the attribute, and saves the configuration to the config.xml file. If you want to connect to the embedded LDAP server using an external LDAP browser and the embedded LDAP administrator account (cn=Admin), change this attribute from the generated value.
Specifies whether the SSL protocol should be used when connecting to the LDAP server.
User Name Attribute
Specifies the attribute on the LDAP object for the user that contains the user's name.
The user's name should appear in the Subject. This setting defines how to find the user's name. Typically, the setting matches the User Name setting of the LDAP Authentication provider configured for use with this LDAP X509 Identity Assertion provider.
User Filter Attributes
Specifies how to select the LDAP object for the user from the LDAP objects beneath the base LDAP DN defined in the Certificate Mapping attribute. This setting defines how to find the LDAP object from the certificate's Subject DN.
The LDAP object's class must be person. This attribute contains an array of strings, each of which is an attribute that the LDAP object must match.
Typically, the value of this attribute is the LDAP object that matches the value of an attribute in the certificate's Subject DN. For example:
The uid attribute of the LDAP user object matches the Subject DN attribute, if the syntax is:
For example: uid=$subj.DN
This option is very similar to the User Name Filter option on LDAP Authentication providers which maps a username to a search filter. The differences are:
- This option maps a certificate's Subject DN to a filter and the LDAP Authentication provider uses a single string giving the system administrator complete control over the filter.
- The LDAP X509 Authentication provider adds objectclass=person to the filter and uses an array of strings that are combined.
Specifies the attribute on the LDAP object for the user that contains the user's certificate. This option defines how to find the certificate. Valid values are userCertificate and userCertificate;binary.
- If you use the LDAP browser to load a certificate into the LDAP directory, an attribute userCertificate of type binary is created. To access the certificate, define this option as userCertificate.
- If you use
ldapmodifyto create the Certificate Attribute, a userCertificate;binary is created when the certificate data is loaded in the LDAP directory. To access the certificate, define this option as userCertificate;binary.
Specifies how to construct the base LDAP DN used to locate the LDAP object for the user. This attribute defines how to find the object from the certificate's Subject DN.
Typically, this value is the same as the User Base DN attribute in the LDAP Authentication providers. You may include the fields from the Subject DN in this base DN.
For example: if the Certificate subject is CN=meyer.beasys.com, ou=fred, o=BEASYS, L=SFO, C=US and the mapping is ou=people, ou=$subj.ou, WebLogic Server uses ou=people, ou=fred, o=BEASYS, c=US as the DN when locating the user.
Connection Retry Limit
Specifies the number of times to attempt to connect to the LDAP server if the initial connection failed.
Specifies whether a cache is used with the LDAP server
This is a cache of the LDAP requests.
The size of the cache (in kilobytes) that is used with the LDAP server
The time-to-live of the cache (in seconds) that is used with the LDAP server


text:
In this paper two studies are reported which compare (a) the perceptions of family functioning held by clinic and non-clinic adolescents, and (b) the perceptions of family functioning held by adolescents and their mothers in clinic and non-clinic families. In Study 1, matched group of clinic and non-clinic adolescents were compared on their responses to a 30-item scale (ICPS) designed to measure three factors of family functioning: Intimacy (high vs. low), Parenting Style (democratic vs. controlled) and Conflict (high vs. low). Clinic and non-clinic adolescents were also compared on their responses to a multi-dimensional measure of adolescent self-concept. Although there was little difference between the two groups of adolescents in terms of their perceptions of family functioning, there were strong relationships between the self-concept variables and the family functioning variables. In Study 2, comparisons were made between the perceptions of family functioning held by mothers and adolescents for both clinical and non-clinic families. There were no differences between the two groups of adolescents in terms of their perceptions of family functioning, although there were clear differences between the two groups of mothers. In addition, clinic adolescents and their mothers did not differ in their perceptions of the family, whereas adolescents in the non-clinic group saw their families significantly as less intimate and more conflicted than did their mothers.\ud \u
To submit an update or takedown request for this paper, please submit an Update/Correction/Removal Request.


text:
Microsoft is now promoting taskbar and action center advertisements more actively, some for Microsoft Edge, some for other services from Microsoft. Those are just one of Window 10's many kinds of ads. This notification can be disabled as well. In this article, we will guide you through the whole procedure to disable Windows 10's taskbar popup notifications.
Disable taskbar popup notifications in Windows 10
To disable the taskbar popup notifications in Windows 10, follow this procedure step by step:
Click the Search button. Type Settings in the search bar and select the option as the following image is showing:
As soon as you will select the Settings option, the following screen will appear:
Choose the System option from the Windows Settings as highlighted in the above image. Once you will choose the System option, the following screen will appear:
As you can see that the screen is divided into two parts. Select the Notifications & actions option from the left side of the screen as highlighted in the above image. As soon as you will select the Notifications & actions, the following screen will appear:
Turn off the toggle button named Get tips, tricks and suggestions as you use Windows. Taskbar popup notifications will be disabled.
By following this procedure you can disable the taskbar popup notifications in Windows 10.


Krylon Marking Paint
Make Your Mark with Krylon Marking Paint
With a known brand like Krylon for marking paint, you know you're getting those bright and crisp lines. But it may not be clear, what kind of marking style of paint is best for the job. So, we broke down some of the most common kinds of marking paint.
Athletic Field Marking Paint
This type of marking paint, athletic field, is common for schools and community events. Fields such as football, marching band, soccer, or baseball. With leaving a minimal impact on the environment, it's perfect to show off those team colors. It's able to stick to grass, dirt or other types of athletic surfaces. But careful enough not to stick to your uniform. Here's a quick guide for athletic striping.
Water Based vs Solvent Based
With all the different kinds of paint out there, it's good to know the correct base to paint with. When people may come in contact with the paint, such as a sporting even with the athletic field paint. You're generally going to use a water base paint. Why? Because it's safer the environment and people. And plus, it will fade or wash away with water over time. Whereas, a solvent based paint is on there for good. You would need a solvent to remove the paint. It does contain more chemicals, which give it it's sticking power.
Inverted Marking Paint
Next, we have inverted paint which one would spray at a downward angle. With inverted marking paint, you can get it in water or solvent based paint. Used many times for marking utilities, surveys, construction, excavation or ground marking. Dries fast as well as allowing you to paint on hot surfaces.
Marking Chalk
Another type of paint is marking chalk, which the name might give it away. It's used for many of the same things that the inverted marking paint used. Perfect for the temporary marking of roads, pavement, gravel, and grass. This non-toxic paint only lasts about 30 days before it will disappear. Or can be removed with brush and wire.
Tallboy Marking Paint
These Tallboys are good if you're wanting more paints in your can. They have almost 30% more paint than the original cans (22 oz compared to the 17 oz). Increase productivity without having to replaces the paint as often.
Overhead Marking Paint
Last but not least, we have the overhead paint. This paint sprays in an upward position and generates low odor. It's able to dry fast and penetrate onto uneven surfaces. Some uses include mines, bridges, and excavations.
With great knowledge about the types of Krylon marking paint, comes great paint responsibility. So get out there and leave your mark!
Edit: If you're not quite in need of marking paint but still need Krylon paint, you want to look into field striping or industrial paint.


Fight Song
Get Fight Song essential facts below,, or join the Fight Song discussion. Add Fight Song to your PopFlock.com topic list for future reference or share this resource on social media.
Fight Song
In U.S. and Canadian sports, a fight song is a song associated with a team. In both professional and amateur sports, fight songs are a popular way for fans to cheer for their team, and are also laden with history; in singing a fight song, fans feel part of a large, time-honored tradition.[1] Although the term "fight song" is primarily used in the United States, the use of fight songs is commonplace around the world, but they may also be referred to as team anthems, team songs or games songs in other countries, even such as Australia, Mexico and New Zealand. Fight songs differ from stadium anthems, used for similar purposes, in that they are usually written specifically for the purposes of the team, whereas stadium anthems are not.
Hundreds of colleges have fight songs, some of which are over a century old. The oldest collegiate fight song in the United States is Boston College's "For Boston", composed by T.J. Hurley in 1885.[2]
One of the oldest games songs in Australia is Melbourne Grammar's 'Play Together, Dark Blue Twenty', which is sung to the tune of 'The March of the Men of Harlech'.[3][4] It was composed by Ambrose John Wilson who was principal of the school from _PHONE_.[5] This is not to be confused with the school hymn 'Ora et Labora' which is now sung to the tune of 'Jerusalem'.[6]
List of professional sports team fight songs
United States
List of college fight songs
See also
 1. ^ "High School Fight Songs | LoveToKnow". LoveToKnow. Retrieved.
 2. ^ "_USER_ » Feature Archive » Beyond "For Boston"". At.bc.edu. 2008-04-29. Retrieved.
 3. ^ The Melbourne Grammar games song comprises verses from the school's three main sports at the time, Australian rules football, cricket and rowing. For example the Australian rules verse is:
 'Play together, Dark Blue Twenty,
 Long and little marks in plenty;
 Get your kick, let none prevent ye,
 Make the leather roll.
 Mark your men, keen effort straining,
 On the ball and show your training;
 Still though short the time remaining,
 Get another goal.'
 The chorus between each verse is:
 'None our ranks shall sunder.
 Who will shirk or blunder?
 If all are true
 To our Dark Blue,
 Our foemen must go under.
 Honour ye the old School's story,
 Those who played and won before ye,
 Bear the Dark Blue flag to glory,
 Grammar to the fore.'
 The cricket verse:
 Bat with patience unremitting,
 Yorker, shooter, break outwitting,
 All the loose ones freely hitting,
 That's the game to play.
 Skill the bat and ball in wielding,
 Smartness, judgement in the fielding,
 Iron nerve and pluck unyielding,
 Scarce can lose the day.
 The rowing verse:
 Row the race, boys swing together,
 Sinews tough as cords of leather,
 Strong, yet light upon the feather,
 Lift her, make her go!
 Get the catch at the beginning,
 Churn the tide in eddies spinning,
 Now a spurt, you gain! you're winning!
 Melbourne Grammar, row!
 A fourth verse with its own chorus was added in the early 20th century with imperial connotations:
 'Some, in strife of sterner omen,
 Faced the Empire's stubborn foemen;
 Fought, as erst their sires - her yeomen;
 Won the deathless name.
 Praise ye these who stood for Britain,
 These by foreign marksmen smitten;
 Praise them, for their names are written
 High in storied fame.
 None their ranks could sunder;
 Who could shirk or blunder?
 So stood they true
 To the old Dark Blue,
 And all their foes went under.
 Honour ye the old School's story,
 Heroes who - her sons before ye -
 Died or lived, but fought for glory,
 Honoured evermore.'
 While it is not officially discontinued, this addition is no longer sung.
 4. ^ Eagle, Chester (1986). Play together, dark blue twenty. Melbourne: Trojan Press.
 5. ^ Senyard, June (May 2002). "From Gentleman to the Manly: A Large Step for the Amateur" (PDF). Sporting Traditions. 18. Retrieved 2016.
 6. ^ "The song book of the Church of England Grammar School, Melbourne". handle.slv.vic.gov.au. Retrieved.
 7. ^ a b c d e f Smith, Gordon P. (June 6, 2017). "A scientific breakdown of the best AFL team songs". The Roar. Retrieved 2020.
 8. ^ "The Baltimore Fight Song". Archived from the original on 21 March 2013. Retrieved 2013.
 9. ^ "Pantera - Puck Off (Dallas Stars Fight Song)" on YouTube
 10. ^ "Alumni Spirit Zone". Franklin College. Archived from the original on May 27, 2010. Retrieved 2010.
 11. ^ See Marching 97 Website
External links
Music Scenes


Setting up a Razor environment
Razor relies on a PXE environment to boot the Razor microkernel. You must set up your PXE environment before you can successfully provision with Razor.
There are two ways to enable PXE boot:
 - (Recommended) Integrate Razor with the DHCP solution of the system being provisioned.
 - Rely on UEFI to directly load the.ipxe file that's required to boot the Razor microkernel.
Because it's difficult to guarantee that all of your hardware is UEFI-enabled, configuring DHCP is the preferred method for setting up a Razor environment.
Set up a Razor environment
Set up a PXE environment using the DHCP and TFTP service of your choice.
Before you begin
You must have Puppet Enterprise installed.
This workflow describes a sample setup using dnsmasq. Dnsmasq is not intended for production environments; however, you can use a similar workflow to set up DHCP and TFTP with more robust solutions.
Install and configure dnsmasq DHCP-TFTP service
Install dnsmasq to manage communication between nodes and the Razor server. When a node boots, dnsmasq forwards the booted node to the Razor service.
 1. Use YUM to install dnsmasq: yum install dnsmasq
 2. If it doesn't already exist, create the directory /var/lib/tftpboot.
 3. Change the permissions for the TFTP boot directory: chmod 655 /var/lib/tftpboot.
Temporarily disable SELinux
You must temporarily disable SELinux in order to enable PXE boot. Alternatively, you could craft an enforcement rule for SELinux that enables PXE boot but doesn't completely disable SELinux.
 1. In the file /etc/sysconfig/selinux, set SELINUX=disabled.
 2. Restart the computer.
Edit dnsmasq.conf to enable DHCP
You must specify a DHCP range to enable communication with your DHCP server.
Tip: For more complex setups, it might be helpful to indicate a range name, for example: dhcp-range=range1,,,24h dhcp-range=range2,,,48h.
Edit /etc/dnsmasq.confto specify a DHCP range.
For example, for an IP range from - with a 24-hour lease, your file resembles:
# Uncomment this to enable the integrated DHCP server, you need
# to supply the range of addresses available for lease and optionally
# a lease time. If you have more than one network, you must
# service.
Edit the dnsmasq configuration file to enable PXE boot
Use dnsmasq to enable PXE booting on nodes.
 1. At the bottom of the /etc/dnsmasq.conf file, add: conf-dir=/etc/dnsmasq.d
 2. Write and exit the file.
 3. Create the file /etc/dnsmasq.d/razor and add configuration information.
 For example, for dnsmasq 2.45:
 # iPXE sets option 175, mark it for network IPXEBOOT
 # TFTP setup
 4. Enable dnsmasq on boot: chkconfig dnsmasq on
 5. Start the dnsmasq service: service dnsmasq start


Avatar Wiki
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this wiki
Featured CPrince Headpiece Good
The Gopher applied positive jing in battle in concurrence with Toph's utilization of neutral jing.
Jing is a term that describes the myriad of options toward which one can direct his or her energy, both internally and externally. According to Bumi, they correspond to tactics and strategies in battle.[1]
Known types
According to Bumi, there are, at least technically, eighty-five distinct types or "degrees" of jing, although only the main three have been mentioned:
 - Positive jing, corresponding to advancing or attacking.
 - Negative jing, corresponding to retreating or evading.
 - Neutral jing, corresponding to waiting and listening, or, as Bumi described it, "doing nothing".[1]
Positive jing
Octopus form
The octopus form is one of the many techniques in waterbending that allows waterbenders to maintain a balance between positive and negative jing.
Positive jing is an aggressive expression of chi. As such, it complements the more aggressive tactics of firebenders during combat. Firebenders typically prefer action to inaction or conflict avoidance, relying heavily on preemptive strikes to overwhelm their opponents with sheer power. These positive jing attributes are also found in the attitudes and personalities that are common among the people of the Fire Nation.
Negative jing
Negative jing is mostly exercised in airbending, reflecting the Air Nomads' pacifistic lifestyle and their philosophy that all life is sacred; they assert that fighting is only to be used as a last resort when conflict cannot be avoided.[2] Airbenders are more mobile fighters compared to earthbenders and possess a highly dynamic fighting style; to "avoid and evade" is recognized as a typical airbender tactic.[3]
In the case of waterbending, common maneuvers involve following the moon and the ocean's example of "push and pull".[4] As such, waterbenders will alternate between and maintain a balance of both positive and negative jing in combat, allowing them to turn defense into offense as they use their opponent's force against them while conserving their own.
Neutral jing
Toph's vision
Seismic sense is a specialized technique under earthbending which utilizes concepts involved with neutral jing.
Neutral jing is stated to be the key to earthbending. Fundamentally, neutral jing involves listening, though seemingly doing nothing, and waiting for the right moment to strike. When in combat, earthbenders are more stationary combatants, usually waiting for their opponent to come to them, while standing their ground and meeting their opponents' attacks head-on, before delivering a deadly strike of their own. Neutral jing forms the basis of true earthbending, and is the concept used by the first earthbenders, the badgermoles. The idea is also fundamental in seismic sense, a perceptive fighting style used by select benders, one of whom was Toph.[5]
As highlighted, someone who has mastered neutral jing is someone who waits and listens before striking. Bumi relied on neutral jing while earthbending, to the extent that he refused to flee Omashu even when Aang came to his rescue. His desire to wait for an opportune moment to strike was initially baffling to his soldiers and to Aang, although the Avatar later accepted Bumi's decision.[1] The monarch eventually freed himself during the Day of Black Sun, recognizing it as the precise moment to strike as his captors were defenseless without their firebending.[2]
Discussion about the concept of jing between Avatar Aang and King Bumi:
"I don't understand. Why didn't you free yourself? Why did you surrender when Omashu was invaded? What's the matter with you, Bumi?"
"Listen to me, Aang. There are options in fighting, called jing. It's a choice of how you direct your energy..."
"I know! There's positive jing when you're attacking, and negative jing when you're retreating!"
"... and neutral jing when you do nothing!"
"There are
three jings?"
"Well, technically, there are eighty-five, but let's just focus on the third. Neutral jing is the
key to earthbending. It involves listening and waiting for the right moment to strike."
"That's why you surrendered, isn't it?"
"Yes, and it's why I can't leave now."
"I guess I need to find someone else to teach me earthbending."
"Your teacher will be someone who has mastered neutral jing. You need to find someone who waits and listens before striking.
Aang and Bumi.[1]
 - Jīng or Jīn (勁) means "power" or "energy" in Chinese.
 - Knowledge of jing seems to have been well known or was at least common knowledge prior to the Hundred Year War, as Aang and Bumi seem to understand its ideas with relative ease, while many modern earthbenders fail to exhibit knowledge of the concept.
 - The concept of jing, while it can be reflected as the differences of options open to a person in battle, actually also corresponds to all aspects of a person's life and not just on the battlefield.
 - A parallel to the series' concept of jing would be the "fight or flight" response in psychology; certain personality types are more inclined to act in accordance to a particular jing.
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text:
Interest Parity Conditions as Indicators of Financial Integration in East Asia
Market participants and policymakers have a growing interest in the development of East Asian financial markets, and to the extent to which these markets are open and influenced by world markets. This paper examines the information contained in interest parity conditions about the international integration of a wide range of economies in East Asia. Legal restrictions on the capital account and tests of covered, uncovered and real interest parity are presented in some detail. Using standard regressions, cointegration analysis and error decompositions, it is argued that uncovered interest parity tests reveal a surprisingly large amount of information about financial openness. For example, McCallum's (1994) model of the interaction of uncovered interest parity and a monetary policy reaction function can be used to explain striking anomalies that arise between countries. Openness and the importance of foreign interest rate shocks appear to have increased in most countries, although Korea remains an important exception. Four policy implications are discussed in the conclusion.
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Fax: (61-2) 6249 3941
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For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: (Akira Kinefuchi)
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Facts about Skunk cabbage
Skunk cabbage (Symplocarpus foetidus) is a member of the arum lily family, which is unique in the fact that some of its members are thermogenic. In terms of plants, this infers the ability to provide heat in excess of ambient temperatures. The skunk cabbage is able to accomplish this increase in temperature due to the large quantity of respiratory tissue in the spadix, as well as from the deep fleshy roots. The spadix is a fleshy spike, which carries dense clusters of small, inconspicuous flowers, enclosed by a leafy hood, the spathe. Early in the spring, skunk cabbage will begin to push its green and purple spathe and spadix up through the cold mud and snow. Due to this anatomical and physiological adaptation, skunk cabbage has the ability of temporarily maintaining a core temperature in the spadix that is 15 to 30 degrees Celsius higher than ambient temperatures (Knutson 1974). Even during cold nights skunk cabbage can maintain
this unusual warm temperature. This heat is produced by sterile male flowers through a regulated rate of oxidative metabolism. However, due to this excessive heat production, the flowers must consume oxygen at a rate much higher than normal. In fact, this rate of oxygen consumption is comparable to that of a homoeothermic animal the size of a shrew or a hummingbird. What this heat accomplishes is, it serves to volatilize odoriferous compounds (often amines or indole) that mimic decomposing flesh and attract certain pollinating insects.
Facts about Shunk-cabbage
Materials and Methods
Results and Discussion


text:
Presented by Equity Engineering
The American Petroleum Institute (API) conducts training classes that help attendees understand its new Recommended Practice (RP) 571, Damage Mechanisms Affecting Fixed Equipment in the Refining Industry.
Over the past decade, API has developed two major technologies to improve fixed equipment reliability in refining. They cover Fitness-For-Service (RP 579) and Risk-Based Inspection (RP 580/581). There are several common factors in both of these integral technologies, including:
- Identification of the operative damage mechanisms
- Assessment of future damage progression rates
- Selection of appropriate Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) techniques for detecting/ characterizing equipment damage
API RP 571 was created to help link these technologies and to provide better access to information that is located in one concise source covering damage mechanisms. This new recommended practice also aids in understanding damage being inspected for in API 510/570 and API Std. 653. Understanding damage mechanisms and the effect of process conditions is very important. Below are some of the main topics discussed.
Who Should Attend:
- Setting up effective inspection plans requires an in-depth understanding of what kind of damage to look for and how to identify it
- Methodologies for Risk-Based Inspection (RBI) and Fitness-For-Service (FFS) depend on the accurate prediction and determination of active mechanisms
- An effective Management of Change (MOC) process needs to consider the effect of proposed changes on future degradation
- Many problems can be prevented or eliminated if the precursors to damage are observed and monitored so that any potential damage is mitigated appropriate inspection and/or testing can achieve a proper balance between cost and effectiveness for the relevant mechanisms
- Plant inspectors, mechanical engineers, process engineers, and operators who are involved in inspection, RBI, FFS, and fixed equipment reliability programs, maintenance and operations
- Although refinery problems are the main focus of the classes, personnel from related industries (such as mid-stream companies, gas plants, and petrochemical firms) also benefit from the course content and exercises
To order API publications, please visit the Publications section of the API website.
For More Information
Contact Equity Engineering


The Queen Mother's teeth: Why were they so bad?
THE QUEEN MOTHER is one of the most famous Queens in British history, after she stood by her husband's side during his unexpected and difficult rise to the throne.
The Queen Mother was known as the Smiling Duchess, due to her strong character. However, her smiles have caused some to comment on her discoloured teeth in later life. So, why did they look this way?
Matthew Rose, our Restorative Dentist spoke to the Daily Express to give some insight into why this is the case and a look at historic Dentistry.
To read the article in full, click here, and if you want to leave a comment, please do!
Considering Dental Implants?


If a life insurance company is delaying payment of your claim, you may be owed interest.
When an insurance company denies or delays your claim, they can continue investing the proceeds and accruing interest that would otherwise be in your pocket. The insurer may owe you that interest under certain circumstances.
To find out if you are entitled to interest on your delayed life insurance payout, contact our life insurance beneficiary lawyers. We have over 25 years of experience getting clients paid and getting clients interest on their delayed payout. We can tell you if you are owed interest during your free, no-obligation case evaluation.
How Long Does it Take to Receive Life Insurance Death Benefits, Usually?
Wondering how long insurance companies take to process claims, or how long does it take for a life insurance company to pay out? An uncontested claim for death benefits, where the death of the insured does not require investigation, is usually paid within 30 days. Most states require life insurance companies to respond to a claim within thirty days, whether that response is approval, denial, or a request for more information.
Insurance companies are required to tell claimants which of the reasons life insurance won't pay out. And when life insurance does not pay promptly, you have a right to know why.
How Can a Beneficiary Get Interest on a Delayed Life Insurance Payout?
If an insurance company unreasonably delays its response to your claim for death benefits, you may be entitled to interest. Whether you are owed interest on life insurance death benefits depends upon the terms of the policy and the jurisdiction governing the policy.
Some life insurance policies include a provision that entitles a beneficiary to interest after a specified delay in payout.
Many states have enacted statutes that grant interest to a beneficiary of a life insurance policy when an insurer unreasonably delays a claim determination. For example, this Iowa statute explains the circumstances that allow a beneficiary to collect interest and the rate at which the interest is calculated.
Some delays in payment of the death benefit are considered inherently unreasonable, including:
Delay in Life Insurance Payment after Claim has Been Approved
Occasionally, an insurer or a company's agent will tell a beneficiary that a claim has been approved, but the insurer delays sending payment. The longer an insurer retains the funds, the longer an insurer is able to continue investing those proceeds and reaping the profits for its shareholders. Under these circumstances, a beneficiary may be entitled to interest.
Delay in Payment of Claim Because Life Insurance Company Does not Contact the Beneficiary
Frequently an insurance company has reason to know that an insured died but fails to reach out to the beneficiary of the life insurance policy. Often a beneficiary is unaware that they are named in a policy or that a life insurance policy even exists.
If an insurer has reason to know that an insured has died, for example, because they use the Social Security Death Master File to identify policyholders who have died, that insurer should notify the beneficiary promptly.
Recently, several states have brought lawsuits against insurance companies that knew of policyholder deaths but failed to notify beneficiaries, retaining the death benefits and the interest accruing on them instead. Under these circumstances, a beneficiary may be entitled to interest due to the unreasonable delay.
Why Would a Life Insurance Payout Be Delayed?
Payout may be delayed six to twelve months or longer if the insurance company must investigate because:
If you are a beneficiary to a life insurance policy and you've submitted your claim and all required paperwork but haven't been paid, know that the insurance company has no incentive to pay you quickly. In fact, any delay means your payout is accruing interest and benefitting the insurance company's shareholders.
In the past there were many examples of life insurance companies not paying claims without delay. Fortunately, laws have been enacted to incentivize insurers to pay life insurance claims promptly, and if they do not, they may have to pay you interest.
How Long Does a Life Insurance Investigation Take?
What is the typical timeline for insurance companies to investigate claims? It varies, depending upon the circumstances of the death. Beneficiaries should be sure to respond promptly to all information and documentation requests from the life insurance company.
After the insured has died, beneficiaries of the life insurance policy file a claim with the insurance company and include a copy of the death certificate with their claim, keeping at least one original death certificate for their records in the event that the life insurance company misplaces the one sent to them.
When the insurance company receives the claim form and a certified copy of the death certificate, insurers have 30 days to deny the claim, pay the claim, or ask for more information.
In some situations, insurers will need to investigate a claim and the payout will exceed 30 days. Depending on the terms of the insurance policy and the laws that govern the policy, sometimes a beneficiary will be entitled to interest that has accrued during the delay of payment.
If your claim has been pending for more than thirty days, whether you have heard from the life insurance company or not, contact our experienced life insurance beneficiary attorneys. We help beneficiaries nationwide get paid with interest when their claim has been unreasonably delayed.
When Will Life Insurance Companies Investigate Claims?
In most cases, an insurer will either deny a claim or pay a claim within 30 days. When there is a delay in life insurance payout instead of denying or approving, it may mean that an insurer requires more time to investigate the claim. Delays will likely occur in the following situations:
Delay in Life Insurance Payout When the Insured Died by Homicide.
When an insured is murdered, the insurance company often waits to pay any benefits until the investigation is completed. Depending on the type of policy in question (term life, whole life, or AD&D insurance), the insurance company may need to know whether the beneficiary is associated with the murder or whether the insured was engaged in a felony at the time of his or her death
Delay in Life Insurance Payout When the Insured Died in a Foreign Country.
If the insured dies while abroad, an insurance company may take longer to investigate the circumstances of the death.
Insurers always require proof of death when a claim is made. In the U.S., a death certificate is acceptable proof of death. However, customary practices, records, and technologies vary across countries and continents, and a foreign death certificate may not satisfy the insurance company. Also, to ensure a claim for overseas death is not fraudulent, an insurance company may attempt to confirm the circumstances of the insured's death independently. Depending on where the insured died, this may extend the investigation period significantly.
Delay in Life Insurance Payout When there is a Beneficiary Dispute.
If the insurance company is notified that multiple parties might have a claim to life insurance proceeds, it will postpone paying the benefit until a rightful beneficiary is established. Often, the insurance company will not make this determination itself. The insurer may file a life insurance interpleader action, and a court will decide the lawful beneficiary.
Case Study #1: the insurance company delayed paying for over two years because the insured had a girlfriend and child and neither was named in his policy. Luckily for our client, Illinois law prevents such improper claim practices and unreasonable or vexatious delay in paying claims, and we were able to get our client paid.
Delay in Life Insurance Payout When the Insured Died Within the Contestability Period.
The contestability period lasts for two years. During this time, an insurer is authorized to investigate to look for evidence of fraud and misrepresentation in life insurance application and medical questionnaire. If the insured dies within this two-year period, a payout of benefits may be delayed while the insurer examines medical records, financial records, or other relevant evidence.
Delay in Life Insurance Payout When the Insurance Company Makes an Administrative Error.
Case Study #2: payment of our client's claim for death benefits was delayed because the insurance company never received medical records from a doctor that the insured never visited.
If your claim is denied, please get all the details you can about the reason for the denial: it may be something as simple as a mistake such as this preventing you from getting your life insurance payout.
Delay in Life Insurance Payout When the Insured Never Received Notice of Lapse or Termination.
Case Study #3: Our client's claim was denied because the policy lapsed and terminated due to non-payment of premiums. We investigated and found that the insured never received the statutorily-required notices. We got our client paid.
What Can a Lawyer Do if a Life Insurance Payout is Delayed?
An experienced life insurance lawyer will be able to tell you whether the delay can be turned into approval and whether you are entitled to interest for the time of the delay. Do not rely on an insurance company to tell you that you are entitled to interest – they have no incentive to do so.
Our life insurance attorneys can demand and obtain the full death benefits you are legally entitled to. Again, your right to interest depends on the jurisdiction in which the policy was issued and the terms of the policy itself, and we help beneficiaries get paid in jurisdictions across the nation.
For more information about your rights to interest on a delayed payout of benefits, contact a trusted life insurance attorney at the Boonswang Law Firm with your questions. Your initial case evaluation is free of charge, and if we take your case, know that we don't get paid unless you do.


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In this case, "compressing the layer" means to ignore the aspect ratio and make it thinner, but not narrower.
Select the layer, hit Ctrl+T and drag using the mouse.
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text:
Seminar Talk: Toward Combining Causal Inference and Databases for Interpretable Data Science
Sudeepa Roy: Associate Professor, Computer Science, Duke University
ABSTRACT: Causal inference - estimating the effect of a treatment on an outcome - is critical for sound data analysis. It provides a means to estimate the impact of a certain intervention to the world that correlation, association, or model-based prediction analysis cannot provide. As a result, causal inference is indispensable in health, public policy, and other domains. In this talk, I will discuss how traditional database research can help causal inference research in AI and statistics, and vice versa. First, I will discuss an interpretable and scalable "matching" framework for causal inference that has comparable estimation accuracies as black box machine learning methods and uses efficient SQL query evaluations. Next, I will discuss extending standard causal inference to relational data, and using causal inference for explaining SQL query answers. I will conclude with an overview of our ongoing and future work for actionable and interpretable methods for different stages in the data analysis pipeline.
BIO: Sudeepa Roy is an Associate Professor in Computer Science at Duke University. She works broadly in data management and data science, which includes causal inference and explanations for big data, debugging queries, data repair, query optimization, data provenance, and uncertain data. Before joining Duke in 2015, she did a postdoc at the University of Washington, and obtained her Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania. She is a recipient of the VLDB Early Career Research Contributions Award, an NSF CAREER Award, and a Google Ph.D. fellowship in structured data. She is a co-director of the Almost Matching Exactly (AME) lab for interpretable causal inference at Duke (_URL_


text: Janice Thompson is from the Sto:lo Nation located in British Columbia. She is an activist for human rights, women's rights, environmental rights, Indigenous rights, animal rights and low income family rights. Janice is an active member of her community and loves to volunteer for various causes; she specializes in canvass work. Janice has been involved with Force of Nature for the past year and enjoys creating new relationships. Janice's network includes people and organizations that share the common interests of promoting Indigenous rights, helping to create a low carbon footprint, utilizing and promoting renewable energies, stopping fossil fuel expansion, and promoting provincial and federal leaders who are working on climate solutions.


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President Dr. Arif Alvi has called for adopting modern farming techniques to increase the agricultural productivity so to meet the country's food requirements. He also underlined the need to promote latest technological and IT tools to ensure the availability of agricultural inputs to farmers and reduce the cost of production. The President expressed these views during a meeting with a delegation of farmers at Governor house. Federal Minister for National Food Security and Research, Syed Fakhar Imam, Punjab Food Minister, Hamid Yar Hiraj, and agriculturalists from Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Sindh attended the meeting.
The farmers apprised the president about the issues related to input costs, subsidies and support price of different crops. Addressing the meeting, the president stated that the government was focusing on uplifting farmers as the prosperity of agriculture sector was directly linked with the socioeconomic development of the country. He added that incentives had been offered to support farmers and reduce their cost of production which had given a major boost to agricultural yield of major crops during the last year.


Piotroski Score
DEFINITION of 'Piotroski Score'
A discrete score between 0-9 which reflects nine criteria used to determine the strength of a firm's financial position. The Piotroski score is used to determine the best value stocks, nine being the best. The score was named after Chicago Accounting Professor, Joseph Piotroski who devised the scale according to specific criteria found in the financial statements. For every criteria (below) that is met the company is given one point, if it is not met, then no points are awarded. The points are then added up to determine the best value stocks.
 - Positive return on assets in the current year (1 point).
 - Positive operating cash flow in the current year (1 point).
 - Higher return on assets (ROA) in the current period compared to the ROA in the previous year (1 point).
 - Cash flow from operations are greater than ROA (1 point)
Leverage, Liquidity and Source of Funds
 - Lower ratio of long term debt to in the current period compared value in the previous year (1 point).
 - Higher current ratio this year compared to the previous year (1 point).
 - No new shares were issued in the last year (1 point).
Operating Efficiency
 - A higher gross margin compared to the previous year (1 point).
 - A higher asset turnover ratio compared to the previous year (1 point).
BREAKING DOWN 'Piotroski Score'
If a company has a score of 8 or 9 it is considered strong. If the score adds up to between 0-2 points, the stock is considered weak. Piotroski's April 2000 paper Value Investing: The Use of Historical Financial Statement Information to Separate Winners from Losers, demonstrated that the Piotroski score method would have seen a 23% annual return between 1976 and 1996 if the expected winners were bought and expected losers shorted. With any investment system, looking at past results doesn't always means it will work in the future, but having an investment plan and rules is never a bad idea.
 1. Current Ratio
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 2. Asset Turnover Ratio
 3. Long-Term Debt
 Long-term debt consists of loans and financial obligations lasting...
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Want to beat your Scrabble friends no matter where you are?
Word Solver Android AppWordSolver Android App!
Yes, terror is a Scrabble word!
1. An overwhelming feeling of fear and anxiety
2. A person who inspires fear or dread
3. A very troublesome child
4. The use of extreme fear in order to coerce people (especially for political reasons)
What Scrabble words can I make with the letters in terror?
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text:
BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic formal right hepatectomy remains a technical challenge. We propose that the procedure can be accomplished efficiently with standard laparoscopic techniques, in ordered sequence, using smaller incisions, and having identical outcomes as the open procedure.
METHOD: We reviewed 25 consecutive video recordings of formal laparoscopic right hepatectomy performed over a 4 month period. Instruments include 3 – 4 trocars, and a wound protector-hand port (Gelport). Bipolar (Ligasure) and monopolar cautery, and ultrasonic shears are the primary energy sources. Instruments consist of atraumatic graspers and fine-tip dissectors. The 30- and 45-degree angled videoscope are used. Hepatic vessels are ligated with grey-load endoscopic staplers and white-load staplers are used for liver parenchyma. The technique is parceled into five sequences: (1) hilar dissection to divide cystic duct/artery, right hepatic artery, right portal vein, (2) release ligamentous attachments laterally and superiorly, (3) divide retro-hepatic veins to IVC, (4) isolate/ligate right hepatic vein, (5) divide liver parenchyma. All staplers and sutures are pre-loaded.
RESULTS: In all cases of formal right hepatectomy, we have consistently adopted this approach and sequence of dissection for efficiency and teaching. Each case requires two surgeons and total operative times range from 120 – 150 mins (average time requirements for the five major sequences are: hilar dissection 20 mins, attachments 10 mins, retrohepatic veins 15 mins, right HV 10 mins, parenchyma 10 mins). Typically, 4 grey-load staplers and 5 white-load staplers are used in a case, depending on the size of the liver. The liver lobe and gallbladder are removed through a 7 cm protected midline incision.
CONCLUSIONS: Efficiency of laparoscopic-assisted formal right hepatectomy with vascular isolation can be enhanced with a consistent approach and sequence. We advocate deconstructing this major operation into smaller parcels for instructional purposes, which also enables the team to prepare and anticipate requirements for each sequence.
Program Number: P429


Materials Used to Make Cable Ties and their Applications
While cable ties are usually used to bundle together wires and cabling, they can be used for many other purposes as well, such as identifying hazardous materials. Since they are manufactured in several colours, businesses can use them to help code substances or to secure loads during transport. Most cable ties are nylon, but they can be made of other materials as well, allowing them to hold up to different stresses and exposure to different substances.
Materials for Cable Ties
Cable ties replace the use of string, twine, or rope to secure bundles of wires, cabling, or other types of materials. They hold up better against various stresses and are available in a variety of materials. If you install IT cabling or wiring, your company can order custom-printed ties to help identify the purpose of the cables or wires being secured together.
Nylon Cable Ties
Many cable ties are manufactured from nylon because this material holds together well under all types of stress. Nylon cable ties are not easily broken, so they can be used for multiple purposes. While most cable ties are black, white, or grey for generic use, coloured cable ties can be used to colour code the wires or cables being bundled together, allowing quick identification.
All cable ties have a flame-resistance requirement, so nylon cable ties come in either 6.6 nylon or 4.6 nylon, which is a higher-temperature nylon. While most cable ties are used for indoor purposes, they can also be used outdoors. Black cable ties are UV-protected for use outdoors as well as indoors, because they are also resistant to different types of environmental contaminants. Black nylon ties are made from a 12-grade nylon because they require a higher tensile strength.
Stainless Steel Ties
Rust-resistant cable ties in Melbourne are used for strapping together materials which may be exposed to saltwater or chemicals. So, if you have a marine company or a business that handles corrosive chemicals, these ties would be the best for strapping things down on a boat or identifying containers of chemicals. This helps ensure the safety of employees as well.
Metal-detectable Cable Ties
Companies in the food, beverage, or pharmaceutical industry will need to use metal-detectable cable ties so they can be detected by x-ray machines or metal detectors. These ties have metal bits embedded into the material so they can be detected. They can be used to secure cables or hoses during processing to help prevent contamination.
Depending on the materials being bundled and what they may be exposed to, this type of cable tie comes in two varieties: halar fluoropolymer and tefzel fluoropolymer. Halar fluoropolymer ties are used to bundled qualified cable. They are flame-resistant and meet UL flammability standards.
Tefzel fluoropolymer cable ties are used for applications in which they will be exposed to environmental stresses like chemical exposure, ultraviolet and gamma radiation, or extreme temperatures. It is important that these ties survive these stresses, in order to help identify the materials they hold together.
Depending on the materials your company works with, these cable ties can help identify what is bundled together.


text:
Convergent Lagrangian heuristics for nonlinear minimum cost network flows
Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift, 2008
We consider the separable nonlinear and strictly convex single-commodity network flow problem (SSCNFP). We develop a computational scheme for generating a primal feasible solution from any Lagrangian dual vector; this is referred to as "early primal recovery". It is motivated by the desire to obtain a primal feasible vector before convergence of a Lagrangian scheme; such a vector is not available from a Lagrangian dual vector unless it is optimal. The scheme is constructed such that if we apply it from a sequence of Lagrangian dual vectors that converge to an optimal one, then the resulting primal (feasible) vectors converge to the unique optimal primal flow vector. It is therefore also a convergent Lagrangian heuristic, akin to those primarily devised within the field of combinatorial optimization but with the contrasting and striking advantage that it is guaranteed to yield a primal optimal solution in the limit. Thereby we also gain access to a new stopping criterion for any Lagrangian dual algorithm for the problem, which is of interest in particular if the SSCNFP arises as a subproblem in a more complex model. We construct instances of convergent Lagrangian heuristics that are based on graph searches within the residual graph, and therefore are efficiently implementable; in particular we consider two shortest path based heuristics that are based on the optimality conditions of the original problem. Numerical experiments report on the relative efficiency and accuracy of the various schemes. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


text:
About Alexander Logie du Toit
Alexander Logie du Toit FRS (14 March 1878 – 25 February 1948) was a South African geologist - an early supporter of Alfred Wegener's theory of continental drift.
the most important geologist in the history of South Africa. A field geologist with observational and synthetic powers of the highest rank, early in the twentieth century he embarked upon a twenty year study of the geology of South Africa which produced a series of important books and articles over the later portion of that period. Securing a grant from the Carnegie Institution of Washington in 1923, he spent five months in South America familiarizing himself with the geology of Argentina, Paraguay and Brazil, and comparing this to the units in South Africa; this led the publication of his A Geological Comparison of South America with South Africa in 1927, and the even more celebrated Our Wandering Continents; An Hypothesis of Continental Drifting in 1937. Du Toit had some success in convincing Old World geologists of the possibility of continental drifting but rather less with American observers; it was not until the plate tectonics revolution of the 1960s that the quality of his vision was first fully universally acknowledged.


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This term is American, but of unknown origin, referring to a vague system of merit points used to curry favor with some authority. Evidence indicates that it was part of military slang during the WWII-Korean War era,1 but the earliest known use in print is from the Los Angeles Times of 15 March 1951:
You don't know about brownie points? All my buddies keep score. In fact every married male should know about 'em. It's a way of figuring where you stand with the little woman—favor or disfavor. Started way back in the days of the leprechauns, I suppose, long before there were any doghouses.2
This citation indicates that it comes from the sense of brownie meaning an elf or fairy. So earning brownie points would be a way to curry favor with the spirits. But this is far from certain.
Other possible explanations include that brownie point is a reference to the junior branch of the Girl Scouts, the Brownies. This would also explain the soldier slang; one can easily see soldiers using the term from the Girl Scouts to mock army procedures and orders. The earliest known use of brownie point in the context of the Girl Scouts is from the Modesto Bee and News-Herald of 17 June 1952:
Mrs. Rose presented a Brownie bracelet to Linda Hickle, first prize winner in a Brownie point contest.3
Alternatively, some less likely suggestions include that it goes back to WWII food rationing, where brown points could be accumulated to purchase meats and fats. Going back a bit further, in the 1930s the Curtis Publishing Company, publishers of the Saturday Evening Post, awarded green and brown vouchers, known as brownies to its delivery boys, although there is no evidence of anyone calling these brownie points. Or it could be a reference to brown nosing, a vulgar term for currying favor. Finally, and least likely, it could have originated in railroad slang. George Brown of the Fall Brook Railway invented a system of demerits for his employees at the end of the 19th century. By 1942, these demerits were known as brownie points. But since a demerit is the opposite of the general sense, this seems unlikely. More likely is that the railroad slang term was altered and adopted from the more general one and conflated with Brown's system of demerits.4
1Historical Dictionary of American Slang, v. 1, A-G, edited by Jonathan Lighter (New York: Random House, 1994), 276.
2Benjamin Zimmer, "Brownie Points," American Dialect Society Mailing List, 20 Mar 2005.
3"Brownie Troop Gives Party for Mothers," Modesto Bee and News-Herald (Modesto, CA), 17 June 1952, 6.
4Michael Quinion, "Brownie Points," World Wide Words, 26 Mar 2005, accessed 31 Dec 2008 .
Copyright _PHONE_, by David Wilton


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Have you ever looked into your guinea pig's cage and noticed them flip over their house sometimes?
They might have a little hut, igloo, or hideout that they constantly tip over when they feel like it.
Most of the time a guinea pig can even look proud that they've done it, so why do guinea pigs flip over their house?
The main reasons why guinea pigs flip their house over are:
- Because they like to rearrange the things in their cage.
- They'll flip things over when they're mad.
- When they think their cage or house is too small.
- If they're trying to get a better angle so that they can chew on it.
So it's true that they can do it for a lot of different reasons, but luckily there are some easy ways to get them to stop if you don't want them to do it anymore.
Table of Contents
Why Does My Guinea Pig Flip Over Their House?
If you have a guinea pig that flips over their house then sometimes it can be a confusing behavior to see happen.
This is mainly because like most of their behaviors it can have multiple meanings when they do it.
The first reason why they'll knock over their little house is that some guinea pigs just like rearranging the items that are in their cage.
So this can happen when they don't like the spot that a certain item is in so they'll push it around and turn it over to how they want it.
It's fun and almost like a game for them and it's kind of like interior decorating for guinea pigs.
The second reason why they'll do it is when something around them it's starting to make them a little upset.
For example, if another guinea pig in the cage is harassing them, even playfully, then they may start to act out and begin to flip things over.
It can sometimes be hard to tell when your guinea pig is mad, but this can be one of the smaller signs that they are.
Another reason why a guinea pig will flip their house over is if they think that their cage or house is too small for them.
If they don't have enough room to run around and release all of their pent-up energy then you may see this happen.
It's the same with flipping over their little igloo or hut as well, because when they do this, for them it can seem like they're creating some extra space for themselves.
Guinea pigs will also flip over their house so that they can try to get a better angle to chew on it.
They will try to chew on any and everything that they can get their little hands on, so it's no surprise that they will try to chew on their house after they've tipped it over.
Is It Normal For A Guinea Pig To Flip Over Their House?
It is natural to want to know if their house flipping behavior is normal if you have ever seen your guinea pig do it.
It's one of those odd things that you'll see them do every now and then, but is it a normal thing for them to do?
Generally, it's normal for a guinea pig to try to knock over their house when they feel like it.
Most of the time when it comes to guinea pigs it would actually be unusual if they didn't do it every so often.
A lot of guinea pigs just like to rearrange their stuff to how they like it, and usually, that's a good thing.
The reason why it can be a good thing is that it can mean that they still care enough and have enough energy to do these types of activities.
Guinea pigs will try to move around a lot of things in their cage, so you'll see them knock over their food bowl, their toys, and their house, and it's all very normal for them to do.
Will Guinea Pigs Always Try To Flip Over Their House?
Like their houses, guinea pigs can flip over a lot of the items in their cage so much that sometimes it can even seem like they prefer it this way.
Sometimes you may even see them turn it over as soon as you put their house back in the right position too. So is this something that they will always try to do throughout their lives?
Most of the time some guinea pigs will do it as they continue to get older and that's completely normal behavior.
However, some guinea pigs can stop flipping over their house sometimes as well. So it usually depends on the reason why they're doing it in the first place.
If they're doing it because they don't have enough space in their cage or if their house is too small for them, then they may stop once they get a bigger cage and house.
But if flipping over their house is something that they like to do and it's fun for them, then they most likely won't stop unless you intervene in some way.
Should You Stop A Guinea Pig From Flipping Over Their House?
Sometimes when a guinea pig flips over their house they'll put it back to how it was themselves, but most of the time you'll have to fix it for them.
Constantly doing this can start to become slightly annoying over time, so is this something that you should stop them from doing?
Most of the time trying to stop your guinea pig from knocking over their little igloo or hut won't always work out how you want it to.
Guinea pigs are mainly going to do what they want and sometimes that means flipping over their house.
So when they rearrange the items in their cage it's just what they want to do and it's usually fine to let them continue doing it.
However, there are some simple things that you can try to help stop them from doing it all the time.
For example, if they're doing it because they don't like the size of their cage or house, then getting them a larger sized cage or house may stop them from doing it.
A larger-sized house can also help stop them from knocking it over because they won't be able to get the angle that would allow them to flip it over as well.
If that's not the reason why they're doing it and you want them to stop, then getting them a house that is a little bit heavier may help.
A heavy house can make it so that they won't be strong enough to physically pick it up and turn it over.
They'll still be able to push it around to where they want it which can make them happy, and you won't have to constantly come back to their cage and flip their house back over.


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It is important to understand the mechanical properties of single phase cementite in order to design the microstructure of advanced steels. Several papers have been published on mechanical properties of cementite embedded in steels or extracted from steels by electrolysis. However, single phase cementite is not documented. The purpose of this study is to prepare cementite films by the PVD method and to characterize their properties. We applied the electron-shower-assisted PVD method in order to produce a single phase cementite film (2.5 μm in thickness) in a C2H2 atmosphere at 523 K. The composition of the film was determined to be 70Fe-28C-2O (at.%). ESCA spectra indicated that the film was not contaminated with other metallic elements. The grain size of the film was revealed to be about 50 nm by AFM. The Vickers hardness was 1230 (under a load of 2.5 g) at room temperature, nearly equal to the value of 1270 of the cementite extracted from carbon steel by electrolysis. Temperature dependence of the hardness was measured up to 673 K. Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio at room temperature were 160 GPa and 0.26, respectively.
|ジャーナル||Thin Solid Films|
|出版ステータス||Published - 1998 3月 21|
ASJC Scopus subject areas


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Definition - What does Smart Pig mean?
A smart pig is an inspection device that records information about the internal conditions of a pipeline. It is used to detect and measure corrosion and metal loss internally and externally on the pipe wall. Smart pigs can also detect curvatures in the pipeline.
When referring to using a smart pig for a pipeline some may refer to the process as "pigging the pipeline."
A smart pig is also known as a pipe pig, pipeline pig, pipeline inspection gauge, pipeline inline inspection tool, natural gas pipeline inspection tool or corrosion detection pig.
Corrosionpedia explains Smart Pig
Smart pigs are pipeline inspection tools that consist of large pieces of machinery combined with powerful technology that help with the maintenance of pipelines.
These inspection tools provide data on the condition of pipelines, which helps gauge the health and integrity of the pipes. These smart pigs ensure that transmission of the product does not stop due to pipeline integrity issues, which can be disastrous.
Smart pigs can be inserted into the pipeline at a location, such as a valve or pump station, that has a special configuration of pipes and valves where the tool can be loaded into a receiver. The receiver is closed and sealed, and the flow of the pipeline product can be directed to launch the tool into the main line of the pipeline. A similar setup is located downstream, where the tool is directed out of the main line into a receiver, removed from the pipeline, and the recorded data retrieved for analysis and reporting.
Smart pigs may measure several different things from inside the pipeline, including restrictions and deformations of the pipe, as well as metal loss. Odometer wheels are used to measure exactly where the pig is within the pipeline.
Smart pigs are used to detect problems such as:
- Stress corrosion cracking
- General corrosion
- Pitting corrosion
- Anomalous weld seams
- Longitudinal cracks
- Longitudinal grooves


The prefixes hyper-, super-, and ultraseems all has meaning 'transcend' or 'upper class' and can all be translated to '超'. But they have a bit difference, e.g. hypergiant is larger than supergiant; hypersonic is faster than supersonic; superhigh frequency is higher than ultrahigh frequency.
So my question is what is the precise translation of them?
In colloquial English, these words all mean pretty much the same thing (though hyperis used rather infrequently) so using 超 interchangeably shouldn't be much of a concern.
With regard to academic terminology, your best bet is to look up the specific term in question. One easy way to do this is to find the corresponding wikipage in English, and then click 中文 on the sidebar.
For example, in the case of hypergiant vs supergiant, hyperis translated as 特超, while superis translated as 超.
Similarly, for sonic we have hyperas 超高 and superas 超.
Finally, for high frequency, we have superbecoming 超高, and ultrabecoming 特高.
All of the above translations were found using the aforementioned wikipage method. From just these few examples, though, we quickly conclude that there is no single translation of the three prefixes at hand.
In fact, hypersonic and super high frequency both use the same prefix (超高) as do hypergiant and ultra high frequency (特高).
Thus, unfortunately, a precise translation must be done on a case by case basis.
 - Firstly thank you. In addition, I'm considering about the translation about hyperman, superman and ultraman. 'Superman' is already translated to '超人'; 'ultraman' is '奧特曼'. It seems '曼' is the transliteration of'man', '奧特' seems '特神秘'. For 'hyperman', it seems has not been translated currently, but '特超人' seems a proper translation. – Popopo Nov 14 '12 at 10:30
 - "奥特" was almost certainly chosen as a transliteration of ultra. – user2251 Nov 14 '12 at 17:30
The Taiwanese youth love to pair 超 up with adjectives to give a more colloquial, dramatic flavor
超好 = awesome
超级 = super
超累 = dead tired
超无聊 = completely boring, (but also can mean "so lame")
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Rye bread consumption in early life and reduced risk of advanced prostate cancer
Cancer Causes and Control, 05/04/2012
Torfadottir JE et al. – The results suggest that rye bread consumption in adolescence may be associated with reduced risk of prostate cancer (PCa), particularly advanced disease.Methods
- From 2002 to 2006, 2,268 men, aged 67–96years, reported their dietary habits in the AGES-Reykjavik cohort study.
- Dietary habits were assessed for early life, midlife, and current life using a validated food frequency questionnaire.
- Through linkage to cancer and mortality registers, the authors retrieved information on PCa diagnosis and mortality through 2009.
- They used regression models to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) for PCa according to whole-grain consumption, adjusted for possible confounding factors including fish, fish liver oil, meat, and milk intake.
- Of the 2,268 men, 347 had or were diagnosed with PCa during follow-up, 63 with advanced disease (stage 3+ or died of PCa).
- Daily rye bread consumption in adolescence (vs. less than daily) was associated with a decreased risk of PCa diagnosis (OR=0.76, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 0.59–0.98) and of advanced PCa (OR=0.47, 95 % CI: 0.27–0.84).
- High intake of oatmeal in adolescence (≥5 vs. ≥4 times/week) was not significantly associated with risk of PCa diagnosis (OR=0.99, 95 % CI: 0.77–1.27) nor advanced PCa (OR=0.67, 95 % CI: 0.37–1.20).
- Midlife and late life consumption of rye bread, oatmeal, or whole-wheat bread was not associated with PCa risk.


The Committee on Sportsmanship and Ethical Conduct has attempted to bring together a variety of resources that will allow administrators, student-athletes, coaches or support groups to engage others in the development of a positive sporting environment for intercollegiate athletics. It is not by accident that sportsmanship has become such a defining value in intercollegiate athletics. The NCAA was founded in an attempt to address unsportsmanlike acts that were costing the loss of student-athlete lives. Today, values such as respect, caring, fairness, civility, honesty, integrity, and responsibility are the focus for the committee.
The NCAA Sportsmanship and Ethical Conduct Committee has developed the following definitions for sportsmanship and ethical conduct:
 - Ethical conduct is a set of guiding principles with which each person follows the letter and spirit of the rules. Such conduct reflects a higher standard than law because it includes, among other principles, fundamental values that define sportsmanship.
Sportsmanship is one of 16 defining principles of the Association:
NCAA Bylaw 2.4 The Principles of Sportsmanship and Ethical Conduct.
Contained within this section of the website are:


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I'd like to make a application, like this one. The application enables to make a tile with text.
I found that I couldn't write text in tile easily, because StandardTileData class dosen't have such a function to write text in tile. StandardTileData class just enables to set Title, BackgroundImage, Count, etc. The sample is like this.
StandardTileData secondaryTile = new StandardTileData
 BackgroundImage = new Uri("/TileColors..png", UriKind.Relative),
 Title = "title",
 Count = null,
ShellTile.Create(new Uri("/MainPage.xaml?id=1", UriKind.Relative), secondaryTile);
So, I think we may need to make bitmap image included text. I don't have other good ideas. Does anyone know how to make bitmap image from stackpanel?
My code is like this,

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1 Answer 1
maybe that function will help you out:
 public static void SaveToIsolatedStorage(FrameworkElement element, string file, bool scaled=true)
 var bmp = new WriteableBitmap(element, null);
 IsolatedStorageFile iso = IsolatedStorageFile.GetUserStoreForApplication();
 double width = Math.Round(element.ActualWidth * ((double)Application.Current.Host.Content.ScaleFactor / 100f), MidpointRounding.AwayFromZero);
 double height = Math.Round(element.ActualHeight * ((double)Application.Current.Host.Content.ScaleFactor / 100f), MidpointRounding.AwayFromZero);
 if (!scaled)
 width = element.ActualWidth;
 height = element.ActualHeight;
 using (var stream = iso.CreateFile(file))
 bmp.SaveJpeg(stream, (int)width, (int)height, 0, 100);
 SaveToIsolatedStorage(uiElement, "uiElement_as_screenshot.jpg");
Edith: it seems i am late on this one but it could help anyone else ;)
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Average Weather Data for Littlefork, Minnesota
Monthly Averages
January February March April May June July August September October November December
Average Monthly high in °F: 16° 23° 35° 52° 65° 73° 78° 76° 66° 52° 34° 20°
Average Monthly low in °F: 12° 27° 40° 49° 54° 52° 42° 31° 17°
Yearly Averages
What's The Average High Temp in Littlefork? 49.2 °F
What's the Average Low in Littlefork? 25.9 °F
What's the Average Temperature in Littlefork? 37.55 °F
How Many Inches of Rain per year does Littlefork get? 26.26 inches
How Many Rainy Days a year are there in Littlefork? N/A
How Much Sunshine each year is there in Littlefork (in hours)? N/A
How much, if any, snow falls each year in Littlefork? 55 inches
Littlefork Temperature and Rain Graphs
Average high in °F
Average low in °F
Average precipitation in inches


Pratt vs Howe Truss
 Hi, I have to build a Popsicle Stick bridge for Physics class. I really don't have much knowledge on bridges as most of this was to be researched. I did a lot of research but I'm having trouble deciding between these two trusses.
 Length: 55 cm
 Height: 4 cm
 Width: 8 cm
 So my main problem is the type of truss to use, Howe or Pratt. The load will be focused in the center.
 2. Relevant equations
 3. The attempt at a solution
 I used a Bridge Designer program to determine the force/weight distribution for each truss. Pratt is on the top, Howe is on the bottom:
 The main differences are that the Pratt truss has no force on the ends and the compression members are vertical. The Howe truss has no force on the center and the tension members are vertical instead.
 Here's why I can't decide between the two:
 - The Pratt truss uses vertical compression members. Since the height restriction is 4cm, wouldn't this allow the bridge using a Pratt truss to be stronger against compression? (Compression is inversely proportional to length, according to the research I've done)
 - The Howe truss has no net force in the center, where the load will be placed. Does this automatically make it better than the Pratt?
 2. jcsd
 3. PhanthomJay
 PhanthomJay 6,296
 Science Advisor
 Homework Helper
 Gold Member
 It appears that you have inadvertently applied your load at the top of the truss instead of at the bottom, because that's the only way you're going to get a zero force in the center vertical chord for the Howe, and as compressive force of 150 for the Pratt (the way you have shown the load, those chord forces would be reversed). Beyond that, if your numbers are correct, I'm not sure which is better, it depends a lot on your l/r ratios for the compressive members. Off hand, you've got to weigh the 300 max tensile,225 max horiz chord compression, and 106 max compression of the diagonals, of the Howe, with the 187 max tensile and 250 max compression of the horiz chords, of the Pratt. And even for the zero force members, you're still going to use the same size popsicle stick in those members, so the zero's don't gain you anything. I'd vote for the Pratt, but it could be a wash either way. Just a thought, so don't take it for gospel. I'll let you be the engineer.
 4. Thanks for your help.
 The weight is going to be loaded on the top of the bridge in the center. Does that change anything?
 5. PhanthomJay
 PhanthomJay 6,296
 Science Advisor
 Homework Helper
 Gold Member
 If the loading is as the top, your internal force diagrams as shown are correct.
 6. How about the deflection (vertical movement) at mid span. Does one indicate less deflection than the other? Also noticed that the maximum forces in Howe truss are less than the maximum in the Pratt. On a much larger scale, would the truss with the lower maximum forces result in in a lighter truss members, thereby reducing fabrication and erection costs?...
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CUSIP is a 9 character long identifier. The last digit is a check sum checking the first 8 previous characters. This seems to me that it is not possible for two securities to have the same 8 characters and different check sum. I know this is not exactly quantitative, but I haven't found a forum where I could ask.
Source: _URL_
 - 2
 $\begingroup$ No, for exactly the reasons you state, two CUSIPs cannot differ in inly the last digit. The last digit is a function of the first 8 digits, and any ordered set of 8 digits has only one proper checksum. If two CUSIPs are the same except for rhe last digit, one of them is not a CUSIP, and in fact making that determination is the very purpose of the checksum digit $\endgroup$ – Dan Bron Nov 21 '14 at 12:16
No, 9th character is computed using deterministic algorithm described here: _URL_
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text:
Step 1a: Outlook 2010 - Click the File Tab, click Open, click Import.
Step 1b: Outlook 2007 - On the File menu, click Import and Export.
Step 2: 2. Click Export to a file, and then click Next.
Step 3: In the list, click Personal Folder File (.pst), and then click Next.
Step 4: 4. Click the folder that contains the messages you want to back up. If the folder contains a subfolder that you want to include, select the Include Subfolders check box, and then click Next.
Note: if you want to export the entire mailbox, make sure you select "Mailbox – Your Name" for 2007 or Your email address for Outlook 2010 and make sure Include subfolders is selected.
Step 5: Under Save exported file as, click Browse, and then specify a name and location for your backup file, for example, Mail Backup.
If you back up a.pst file that you have backed up to before, click one of the following:
Step 1a: Outlook 2011 - On the File menu, click Export.
Step 2: Select your export options.
Step 3: Select the option "No, do not delete items"
Step 4: 4. Type a name that is suitable for the backup file in the Save As: box, and select a location where you can easily find your exported file.
Step 5: 5. You're all done. Click the Done button to complete the export process.


text:
Objective: While considerable attention has focused on improving the detection of depression, assessment of severity is also important in guiding treatment decisions. Therefore, we examined the validity of a brief, new measure of depression severity.
Measurements: The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) is a self-administered version of the PRIME-MD diagnostic instrument for common mental disorders. The PHQ-9 is the depression module, which scores each of the 9 DSM-IV criteria as "0" (not at all) to "3" (nearly every day). The PHQ-9 was completed by 6,000 patients in 8 primary care clinics and 7 obstetrics-gynecology clinics. Construct validity was assessed using the 20-item Short-Form General Health Survey, self-reported sick days and clinic visits, and symptom-related difficulty. Criterion validity was assessed against an independent structured mental health professional (MHP) interview in a sample of 580 patients.
Results: As PHQ-9 depression severity increased, there was a substantial decrease in functional status on all 6 SF-20 subscales. Also, symptom-related difficulty, sick days, and health care utilization increased. Using the MHP reinterview as the criterion standard, a PHQ-9 score > or =10 had a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 88% for major depression. PHQ-9 scores of 5, 10, 15, and 20 represented mild, moderate, moderately severe, and severe depression, respectively. Results were similar in the primary care and obstetrics-gynecology samples.
Conclusion: In addition to making criteria-based diagnoses of depressive disorders, the PHQ-9 is also a reliable and valid measure of depression severity. These characteristics plus its brevity make the PHQ-9 a useful clinical and research tool.


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Victoria Day, a public (statutory) holiday in some jurisdictions
On Monday May 21, 2012, most Canadians get a day off work with pay on what is called Victoria Day.
Employees get a day off with regular pay or public holiday pay (depending on the province or territory of employment). If the employee is required to work on the holiday, the employee must be paid regular wages and get a substituted day off with pay at a later date (depending on the province or territory of employment). However, Victoria Day is not a public (statutory) holiday under employment standards in New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island. In these provinces, a day off may be granted to retail industry employees under the Shops' Closing Act or similar legislation. For specific requirements for your jurisdiction, consult the Library section of HRinfodesk.
In Canada, the celebration of Victoria Day occurs every year on the Monday prior to May 25. It is the official celebration in Canada of the birthdays of Queen Victoria and Queen Elizabeth II. Victoria Day was established as a holiday in Canada West in 1845, and became a national holiday in 1901. Before Victoria Day became a national holiday, people had celebrated Empire Day, beginning in the 1890s as Victoria approached her Diamond Jubilee in 1897.
No matter the reason… have a great long weekend and a great day off!


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In the manufacturing industry, one way to report and evaluate the process capability and process performance is through the statistical measurements, like Cpk.
Definition: Cpk = Cpk = Process Capability Index. Adjustment of Cp for the effect of non-centered distribution. Cpk measures how close you are to your target and how consistent you are to around your average performance.
Cpk measures two things: 1) how close the mean of the readings are to the center of the lower and upper spec limits (ideally, the mean of the readings must equal the center of the spec limits); and 2) how widely spread the readings are (ideally, the standard deviation of the readings should be zero). The higher the Cpk, the better is the capability of the process to meet its requirements.
In the industry, a Cpk of less than 1.66 needs a closer look. A Cpk that's less than 1.33 needs some action to make it higher, and a Cpk of less than 1.0 means that the process is not capable of meeting its requirements.
A low Cpk means one of three things: the mean is far from the center of the specs, or the standard deviation of the readings is high (i.e., the readings are widely spread), or both conditions exist.


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Loading a Brush (abr file) using Photoshop CS or Creative Cloud:
1.) open your brush pallete
2.) in the upper right hand corner you will see either a triangle or a symbol that looks like a flower (depends on what version you are using).
3.) click on this icon and a menu will appear. Click "load brush."
4.) choose that brush you would like from your computer. The brush will be in ABR format
Scroll down for a video tutorial


Production Lighting: How To Do Low Key Lighting
Low key lighting is a style of lighting that is commonly used by photographers and filmographers. Generally speaking, most people set up low key lighting so that they can achieve the chiaroscuro effect. With the chiaroscuro effect, you are looking for bold differences between light and dark colors. Low key lighting has a lighting ratio of approximately 8 to 1. As the lighting ratio increases, so does the contrast of the image. In comparison, high key lighting can have a lighting ratio that is as low as 1 to 1.
The standard method of lighting that most photographers use is three point lighting. With three point lighting, you are using a key light, a back light and a fill light. The goal of three point lighting is to achieve even illumination. Low key lighting is the exact opposite of three point lighting. Low key lighting only requires the use of a single key light. You are not looking for even illumination with low key lighting. Instead, you want a lightly colored subject to stand out in front of a dark background.
Step 1: Setting Up the Background
You cannot use a light background for low key lighting. When it comes to low key lighting, the darker the background is, the better. It is not a must that you use a black background, but it is highly recommended. If you cannot use a black background, a very dark blue one will work.
Step 2: Staging the Subject
The subject of your photograph should be wearing dark clothing. If possible, it is best if the clothing that the subject is wearing is the same color as the background. The goal of low key lighting is not to place an emphasis on the attire of your subject. Instead, you want to place an emphasis on the face or body part of your subject.
Step 3: Setting up the Key Light
In order to ensure maximal results when setting up low key lighting, you should place your key light to either side of the subject you are photographing. You should begin by setting up your key light in a 45 degree setup. A 45 degree setup requires the key light to be placed 45 degrees to the face of your subject. The key light should be placed slightly above the head of your subject. By placing the key light to the side of your subject, you will be preventing the background from lightening up.
Once you set your key light up, take a look to see if any adjustments need to be made. If you need the background to appear darker in your images, you can move the key light further away from your subject. You just need to make sure that the light remains on the edge of your subject. Once you have the key light configured correctly, you are ready to begin taking shots with low key lighting.
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