text:
A modern dictionary of Catholic terms, both common and obscure. Find accurate definitions of words and phrases.
LORD'S PRAYER (Mass)
The liturgical recitation of the Pater Noster at Mass. Returning to an ancient practice, the Lord's Prayer now includes five parts: an invitation by the priest; the Pater Noster, sung or said together with the people; the embolism, which amplifies the last petition of the Lord's Prayer; the doxology; and concluding acclamation by the faithful.
All items in this dictionary are from Fr. John Hardon's Modern Catholic Dictionary, © Eternal Life. Used with permission.


Sunrise Dog 4K Wallpaper 1920x1080 - Vitamins and Supplements for Pets: Do They Work?
Vitamins and Supplements for Pets: Do They Work?
We tend to take our health very seriously, and as a result, we take the health of our pets very seriously as well. As more people today are taking vitamins, more pets are receiving them as well. With this happening, however, there is a question of whether this helps pets or not.
Like with human nutrition and health, there is no simple answer to this question. Vitamins and supplements for pets both work and cause problems and in different ways. Vitamins and supplements can work to supplement a diet or as pain relief but can cause problems if the pet receives too much of any vitamin or mineral.
Supplementing a Diet
If your pet is not getting the full diet that they need and a few key vitamins and minerals are missing, a vitamin or supplement might be helpful. It's important to remember that specific pets have distinct needs when it comes to vitamins and nutrients. Whether you make your pet's food or buy it, if you are concerned that something is missing, ask your vet what needs to be added to your pet's diet. Your pet's food should provide most of the nutrients that they need, so be careful to give them just the right amount. Without the proper amount of vitamins in their diet, their health will suffer.
Supplements for Medical Reasons
Many vets recommend that older dogs have supplements added to their diets because of their ages. This keeps their older bodies in better shape and gives them additional nutrients that they need, like senior citizens taking calcium supplements to protect their bones. Also, sometimes, pets have a pre-existing condition and are short on specific vitamins or minerals. If this happens, a vet will be able to prescribe the specific vitamins that your pet needs, without adding anything extra into their system.
Additionally, pets can be given additional vitamins and supplements because of an illness. Some pets suffer from chronic pain. In these cases, there are products like Canna-Pet, the first pet supplement made from hemp. The supplement helps pets with a variety of diseases from arthritis to chronic pain. Canna-Pet can also be used as a longevity health supplement.
When Supplements are Unnecessary
If your pet has no preexisting conditions or diseases, supplements may actually be dangerous to your pet's health. With a balanced diet, your pet should be getting everything that they need from their food. For example, if a dog has too much of certain vitamins and minerals, they can develop serious health problems. These can range from problems with the skeleton to dehydration. Finally, sometimes supplements can be contaminated, so be sure to look at the ingredients list and do your research to make sure that your dog is getting the vitamins and minerals needed.
For both humans and animals, moderation is critical. If your pet is in need of extra nutrients, vitamins or supplements can be just what the doctor ordered. Otherwise, they can be bad for your pet, potentially causing more health problems than they solve.
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Lateral force of water on the walls of a tank
 1. I want to build a plywood fish tank 16' long x 4' wide x 3.5' high. I need to know how to calculate the lateral force at any point on the walls in order to build with strong enough lumber to support the lateral pressure and also the weight pushing down. I know that one gallon weighs 8.345 lbs. and one cubic foot has 7.48 gallons, so it's not too difficult to calculate the weight pushing down. The lateral force is where comes the problem.
 2. jcsd
 3. A.T.
 A.T. 5,619
 Gold Member
 You don't have a force acting at a point, you have a pressure:
 pressure = depth * gravitational_acceleration * water_density
 The force is the integral of pressure over an area of the wall. To get the total force, you can take the average pressure. Assuming a rectangle:
 pressure_avg = 0.5 * total_depth * gravitational_acceleration * water_density
 force_total = wall_area * pressure_avg
 But the force is not evenly distributed. The wall must be stronger at the bottom.
 Last edited: Feb 27, 2012
 4. I think that the formula is to calculate the average pressure pushing down on the floor, not any point on the wall which will decrease as you go up the wall.
 5. A.T.
 A.T. 5,619
 Gold Member
 This applies to any point at the wall (depth = depth of the point):
 pressure = depth * gravitational_acceleration * water_density
 6. So let me see if I got this correctly. If I have a tank that is 16' x 4' x 3.5 ' and I want to know the pressure at a point that is at 3' below the top of any of the four walls, then I would calculate the following: 3' x 32 ft/sec/sec x 62.22 lb/cubic foot = 5973 pounds.
 Is that correct? Is it 5973 lb/square foot or per square inch or is it on an area the size of a pencil point?
 7. Pressure = height times density
 Pressure = 3 feet x 62 lb/cu ft = 186lbs/sq ft
 So it's like, roughly, somebody standing on a patch 1 ftx 1ft
 [the formula in the previous posts above has the wrong units....]
 Last edited: Feb 27, 2012
 8. The formula in the previous posts is correct if we are using the usual definition of density, which is mass per unit volume. It will give correct results if we are using SI units, or any other absolute system of units.
 Your formula is only correct if we define density as weight per unit volume. It will work in a system where "pound" is used both as a unit of mass and of force, so it's better suited to jimhebert's needs.
 To jimhebert: you have worked out how to calculate the total weight on the floor of the aquarium. Divide this by the area of the floor in feet and you will get the pressure, in pounds per square foot. The pressure at a point on the wall just near the floor will be almost the same as this. The pressure on a point halfway up the wall will be half this pressure and the pressure at the very top will be zero.
 9. No, I haven't calculated the total weight on the floor. The way to do that would have been 16x4x3.5 = 224 cu.ft.
 Then 224x62.22 lb/cu.ft = 13,937 lbs. Total
 Therefore, 13937 divided by the area of the floor (64) =218 lb/sq ft.
 So based on the last part of your explanation, the lateral force pushing out from a point 2 feet deep 2/3.5 x 218 = 125 pounds/sq ft.
 Those are the correct units as far as the math is concerned, but not the correct units for for the answer to the problem. The answer has to be in pounds.
 10. The pressure in a fluid at depth [itex]z[/itex] from the surface is [itex]P(z) = \rho g z[/itex], where [itex]\rho[/itex] is the density of the fluid, and [itex]g[/itex] is the acceleration due to gravity.
 The get the total force on a surface, the pressure would need to be integrated across the surface.
 [tex]F = \int \limits_S P da[/tex]
 For a vertical surface (like a wall of the tank) the force is:
 [tex]F_{wall} = \int \limits_S P da =\rho g \int_0^w \int_0^h z dz dx [/tex]
 [tex]F_{wall} = \frac{1}{2} \rho g w h^2[/tex]
 where [itex]w[/itex] is the width of the wall and [itex]h[/itex] is the height of the wall. For the base:
 [tex]F_{base} = \int \limits_S P da =\rho g h \int_0^w \int_0^l dy dxl[/tex]
 [tex]F_{base} = m g[/tex]
 where [itex]m[/itex] is the total mass of the fluid.
 To get from mass to weight, replace [itex]m g[/itex] with the weight (i.e. pounds) and replace [itex]\rho g[/itex] with the weight density (i.e. pounds/foot^3).
 11. boneh3ad
 boneh3ad 1,658
 Gold Member
 You have the total weight right, but you still aren't getting the lateral force right. At a given depth, the pressure on the wall at that point is:
 [tex]P = \rho g h[/tex]
 [itex]P[/itex] is pressure (force per area)
 [itex]\rho[/itex] is density (mass per volume)
 [itex]g[/itex] is the acceleration due to gravity (length per time per time)
 [itex]h[/itex] is depth (length)
 You have to make sure that since you insist on using Imperial units, that your units remain consistent. If you are taking your density in pounds per cubic foot, that is essentially the [itex]\rho g[/itex] term.
 Now, that gives you the pressure at a given depth. Force is pressure times area, but you know that the pressure varies with depth, so you have to integrate through the depth to get the total force.
 [tex]dF = P\;dA = P\;dx\;dh[/tex]
 [itex]dA[/itex] is a differential area
 [itex]dx[/itex] and [itex]dh[/itex] are differential lengths that describe the area [itex]dA[/itex]
 Now let's say the x-direction just the other coordinate for a given wall. You need to integrate the pressure over the area of the wall to get the force.
 [tex]F = \int\limits_0^D \int\limits_0^W \rho g h\;dx\;dh[/tex]
 [itex]F[/itex] is force
 [itex]D[/itex] is the total depth
 [itex]W[/itex] is the width of the side
 and the rest have already been defined.
 For vertical, rectangular walls, this simplifies to:
 [tex]F = \rho g W \int\limits_0^D h\;dh[/tex]
 [tex]F = \rho g W \left[\frac{h^2}{2}\right]_0^D[/tex]
 So, that leaves you with:
 [tex]F = \frac{\rho g W D^2}{2}[/tex]
 Just make sure your units are consistent.
 Looks like Jasso beat me to it. Just see whose description makes more sense to you, haha.
 Last edited: Feb 27, 2012
 12. Jasso and boneh3ad have given the formula for calculating the total force on one side. In your case, since you're using imperial units (pounds for both mass and force), the [itex]\rho g[/itex] term is 62.42 lb per cubic foot. So, for example, the total force on one of the longer walls would be:
 62.42 x 16 x 3.52/2 lb ≈ 6117 lb
 But remember that that force is spread over the whole side, and not evenly spread: there is more pressure at the bottom than at the top.
 13. Is it correct to say that the total force acting on the upper rectangular section of one of the 16' walls that is 2'


text:
Threat Assessment Team
The Threat Assessment Alert Team (TAAT) is dedicated to a proactive, coordinated and planned identification, prevention, assessment, management, and reduction of interpersonal and behavioral threats to the safety and well-being of students, faculty, staff and visitors of Roxbury Community College.
Threat assessment is designed to be a preventative process used to identify warning signs and intervene before something preventable happens. Cases are NOT managed on a first-come, first served basis. Rather, all cases are triaged and the most serious cases are managed first. All cases, regardless of the immediacy, will be reviewed and managed in the manner most appropriate for the situation.
In the event of an imminent or significant threat posed, the matter should be immediately referred to the College's Office of Public Safety and/or the Boston Police Department. This document outlines the process the team will follow upon receiving a referral for threatening, problematic, or concerning student behavior.
The College has a commitment to ensure that no retaliatory actions are taken against any person or persons who submit a referral form to the team.
- Kevin Hepner, Vice President of Administration and Finance
- Charles Walker, Interim Executive Director of Human Resources
- Ruth Hines, Health Services Coordinator
- Cecile Regner, Interim Vice President of Student and Academic Affairs
- Oscar Walker, Director of Public Safety
Identifying and Responding to Student of Concern
Signs and Symptoms for Students of Concern
- Erratic behavior, including infrequent class attendance or failure to follow through with responsibilities.
- Increasing dependence on a faculty or staff member, parent, or other person (by demanding excessive amounts of time and attention).
- Social isolation, withdrawal, lethargy.
- Inability to focus on a specific topic in a conversation or activity.
- Disorganized thinking and speech, feelings that are inappropriate to the situation, or other evidence that a student is "out of touch with reality".
- Expression of feelings of persecution, paranoia, or strong mistrust of others.
- Disruptive, explosive, or disrespectful behavior.
- Signs of excessive alcohol or drug use.
- Abrupt change in manner, style, or personal hygiene.
- Overtly suicidal thoughts and/or statements expressed verbally or in writing.
- Statements about harming someone else.
- Expressed uncertainty and anxiety about emotional stability, family situation, and/or relationship problems.
Guidelines for Responding to a Student of Concern
- Share your interest and concern openly and directly.
- Set clear limits about your role with the student.
- Maintain a student's privacy, but do not promise confidentiality.
- Help a student tell his or her story. Offer the opportunity to listen to what is on his or her mind.
- Demonstrate an understanding of what the student discloses.
- Statements made by the student regarding an intention or plan to harm self or others must be reported.
- Inquire as to how the student is attempting to respond to the problem. Help develop response options together.
- Consult with peers, colleagues, supervisors, deans, Dean of Students Office or others if you need additional perspectives before or after talking to the student.
- Suggest a referral to the Student Health Center, Dean of Students Office, or other community resources.
- Follow up as appropriate.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Tips for Unmarried Parents Who Want to Raise Children Together
Not everyone who raises children wants to get married, even if they all live together happily under the same roof. But while living together as a married couple can be plenty complicated, especially if you have children, this is often magnified without the legal protections of marriage. But if you educate yourself and plan ahead, many of these complications can be avoided.
Below are some tips for unmarried parents who want to raise children together.
Ensure Both Unmarried Parents' Names Are on the Birth Certificate
One of the best tips for unmarried parents is to include both names on the birth certificate, thus ensuring that they're both the legal parents. This will give each parent legal rights and responsibilities such as custody rights, visitation rights, and child support.
Any child born to a married, opposite-sex couple is legally presumed to be the child of the husband. But when the parents are unmarried, there's no such presumption. Therefore, most states require unmarried fathers to sign an affidavit acknowledging their paternity. It's best that both parents sign and notarize a written statement acknowledging the unmarried father's paternity.
Your state's Bureau of Vital Statistics keeps records of all birth certificates. Check with your own state's bureau to make sure that your paternity affidavit is on file, which also is where you'll go to add a parent to your child's birth certificate.
Choose a Last Name of Your Liking
Most states allow any name to be placed on a child's birth certificate. This includes first, middle, and last names. The child doesn't have to take either of the parents' names, but can take one or the other -- or the two names can be hyphenated -- as the parents see fit.
Some parents even give one parent's last name as the child's middle name and the other parent's last name as the child's last name. If you need a little more time deciding, you can decide first and amend your child's birth certificate later through your state's Bureau of Vital Statistics.
Qualify Your Child for Eligible Government Benefits
As long as your name is included on the child's birth certificate, your biological and legal children are eligible for government benefits, like Social Security survivorship benefits, government pension, etc.
If your name isn't included on the birth certificate, your child might still be eligible for benefits, but they'll face the hassles of proving paternity. The key is proving paternity to the government agency, which is made simple through the birth certificate and/or paternity affidavit at the time of, or shortly after, your child's birth.
Unmarried Parents Adopting a Child
Most states allow unmarried parents to adopt children; however, this does not keep adoption agencies and social services from discriminating against unmarried couples. If you and your partner aren't married, you may have to do more work to prove to social services and government agencies that your home is stable enough to raise children.
When an unmarried couple adopts a child jointly, they're both the child's legal parents, with equal rights and responsibilities to the child. This is true even if the unmarried parents separate, in which case each parent has a right to ask the family court for custody, visitation, and child support from the other parent.
Adopting Your Partner's Child, When You're Not One of the Biological Parents
When someone who's not a biological parent adopts their partner's child, this is called a "second-parent adoption." These are most common in stepparent-stepchild scenarios. States also grant second-parent adoptions when a same-sex partner adopts their partner's child -- a common way for same-sex couples to raise families.
Second-parent adoptions, where the adopting parent is married to one of the biological parents, are commonly approved. The courts favor situations where the adopting couple is legally married and the child will continue living with the couple. Courts view such adoptions as improving the structure of the family, and thus, favor second-parent adoptions.
Second-parent adoptions by unmarried couples are less favored.
Unless parents have been deemed "unfit" by some legal process or have abandoned their child, they have a right to parent their own child. Because of this, second-parent adoptions cannot be granted unless one of the following applies:
 - Both of the child's legal parents consent
 - The noncustodial parent is deceased
 - The noncustodial parent has been deemed "unfit" by a court
 - The noncustodial parent has abandoned the child
Social services will determine whether a parent has abandoned the child or is unfit. If the noncustodial parent has paid support, maintained a relationship with the child, and in the case of the father, has signed a paternity affidavit, that parent must give consent before a second-parent adoption can be approved.
Once a second-parent adoption is successful, the adoptive parent has the same rights and duties as a biological parent. This means that if the couple ever separates, the adoptive parent has custody and visitation rights and a duty to support the child.
Claiming Children on Tax Forms
Only one parent can claim the children as dependents on their taxes if the parents are unmarried. Either unmarried parent is entitled to the exemption, so long as they support the child.
Typically, the best way to decide which parent should claim the child is to determine which parent has the higher income. The parent with the higher income will receive a bigger tax break. The parents can agree to split the tax return, even though only one parent is receiving it.
A Non-Parent Playing a Live-In Parental Role
Many times issues arise when a nonparent who is living with the child and acts as that child's parent regarding educational and medical decisions. The legality of this nonparent's authority to do this depends on several factors.
 - If the other legal parent is in the picture and shares joint legal custody, then he or she probably has priority to make medical decisions over the nonparent. This, of course, does not preclude the nonparent from being listed as the emergency contact person on important records, in case a legal parent is unavailable.
 - Since schools are legally liable for the safety and care of the children, they can only accept signatures and permission slips from the children's legal guardians. An unmarried partner of a legal parent probably does not qualify as a legal guardian.
 - Nonparents may be permitted to pick up children from school if a legal parent informs the school.
Contact your child's school and other authorities to find out what procedures are necessary to give nonparents their decision-making rights.
The Break-Up of Unmarried Parents: Parental Rights and Duties
If both parents are legal parents, biologically or through adoption, they each have an equal right to pursue custody. Neither parent can deprive the other of this right. Once one of the parents is granted custody, he or she cannot deprive the other of his or her visitation rights. If a parent fails to fulfill his or her parental duties, the court can terminate that parent's right to be considered a legal parent. The noncustodial parent must continue to be involved in the child's life through visitation and child support.
If an unmarried partner is not a legal parent of the child, they probably have no rights to even visit the child. However, unmarried partners can enter into a written agreement if they both want to a part of the child's life. This agreement should include visitation and support.
If an agreement can't be made and the nonparent wants to pursue rights in court, the outcome will be based on state law.
A best interest of the child standard is typically used, and thus, some states do grant visitation or custody to nonparents. However, many states, even though they may follow the best interest of the child standard, still favor the parents over nonparents. Check your own state's laws and consult an experienced family law attorney for answers and guidance to your situation.
Unmarried Parents Raising Children Together? Get Help With Your Legal Questions
If you still have questions or concerns after reading these tips for unmarried parents, you may need professional help. Whether planning for the future, or dealing with issues that have already arisen, getting professional legal help is a good first step in ensuring you have a voice in the important decisions impacting your child. Find a family law attorney near you today to learn more.
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Take the 2-minute tour ×
Something like 'Optionality' or 'Ordinality'? (It's similar in kind to the words "Arity" and "Cardinality")
Example: "Fred listed the XXXity of each parameter, noting whether it was optional or mandatory"
Follow-up question: What part of speech is this?
share|improve this question
Optionality is obviously a noun (you are even using it with a definite article in your example) and is included as such in several dictionaries (Wiktionary, Merriam-Webster, Collins). And in fact some dictionaries have a dedicated entry for the suffix -ity. – RegDwigнt Apr 4 '13 at 10:16
I see - as in "noun referring to a state or quality"... so there isn't a specific word for this? – Richard Inglis Apr 4 '13 at 10:32
How about 'Necessity'? Does a thesaurus help? – Mitch Apr 4 '13 at 12:00
Are looking for a part of speech more refined than 'noun'? You're looking for an abstract concept but there's nothing grammatically special about that. – Mitch Apr 4 '13 at 12:03
2 Answers 2
There are a few recently contrived words that try to do this; optionality is indeed used from time to time, and I've seen things like mandatoriness too. But actually there are some more established words that do the same job.
Of course, optional-ness is actually binary - something is either optional or mandatory. Therefore the quality of optionality/optional-ness is actually the same as the quality of mandatory-ness or compulsory-ness, just with the polarity reversed.
All of which is a fairly long winded way for me to get around to saying this:
I think the word you're looking for is the noun, necessity.
share|improve this answer
+1 for necessity – Canis Lupus Apr 4 '13 at 12:12
It appears that Ordinality is used in this sense (even though it has a more normal meaning of 'ordering'). Maybe this is verging on jargon.
For example: "Ordinality is a property that indicates whether an entity instance is mandatory"
(from: 'Oracle SQL and Pl/SQL Handbook: A Guide for Data Administrators, Developers')
share|improve this answer
Naming of database properties isn't always a guide to good English usage. – DJClayworth Apr 4 '13 at 16:55
Agreed, but in this case the context happened to be appropriate :) – Richard Inglis Apr 4 '13 at 21:50
Your Answer


text:
- Turn off aquarium lights.
- Dim the lights in the room where the shipping box will be opened. Never open the box in bright light – severe stress or trauma may result from sudden exposure to bright light.
- Float the sealed bag in the aquarium for 15 minutes (Fig. A). Never open the shipping bag at this time. This step allows the water in the shipping bag to adjust slowly to the temperature in the aquarium, while maintaining a high level of dissolved oxygen.
- After floating the sealed shipping bag for 15 minutes, cut open the bag just under the metal clip (Fig. B) and roll the top edge of the bag down one inch to create an air pocket within the lip of the bag. This will enable the bag to float on the surface of the water (Fig. C). For heavy pieces of live coral that will submerge the shipping bag, place the bag containing the coral in a plastic bowl or specimen container.
- Add 1/2 cup of aquarium water to the shipping bag (Fig. D).
- Repeat step 5 every four minutes until the shipping bag is full.
- Lift the shipping bag from the aquarium and discard half the water from the bag (Fig. E).
- Float the shipping bag in the aquarium again and proceed to add 1/2 cup of aquarium water to the shipping bag every four minutes until the bag is full.
- Net aquatic life from the shipping bag and release into the aquarium (Fig. F).
- Remove the filled shipping bag from the aquarium and discard the water. Never release shipping water directly into the aquarium.
Process source: Live Aquaria


text:
Talk Math 2 Me
Day: Every Friday
Time: noon - 1 p.m.
Talk Math 2 Me is a seminar for students by students. Talk Math 2 Me provides students, both graduate and undergraduate, an opportunity to present anything related to mathematics to an audience of their peers. Undergraduate and Graduate math students or any students interested in mathematics are highly encouraged to attend. The talks are each 15‐60 minutes long and possible speaking topics include Undergraduate and Graduate mathematics research, math history, and STEM research with a heavy footing in mathematics. By presenting, students gain great experience communicating mathematics while developing presentation skills in a relaxed environment. By attending the seminar, students will be introduced to new mathematics and see applications of mathematical concepts in different perspectives. Some weeks will even include visits from professors to discuss how students can get involved with research and the math department.
- March 29: Casey Schlortt, Texas State University, Bootstrap Percolation
- April 19: Hunter Schuler, Texas State University, Enrico Betti & Persistent Homology of Range Image Patches
Contact _EMAIL_ to sign up to speak!


text:
Why is TruProof the right product for you?
Two proof comparisons of the same meter, produced simultaneously, show the extent to which pulse delay can affect your bottom line.
The difference in achieved repeatability and improved meter factor through elimination of the timing bias is dramatic. In this case, a savings of nearly 0.25% of meter throughput.
(with and without pulse delay)
Meter with factory programmed signal damping
No signal damping applied


text:
Flag of Alabama
The flag of Alabama was adopted by the Alabama state legislature on February 16, 1895.
It's believed that the crimson saltire of the Flag of Alabama was designed to look like the blue saltire of the Confederate Battle Flag. The Battle Flag was square-shaped, and Alabama's flag is sometimes shown as a square. The authors of a 1917 article in National Geographic expressed their opinion that because the Alabama flag was based on the Battle Flag, it should be square. In 1987, Don Siegelman issued an opinion in which the Battle Flag derivation is repeated, but concluded that the proper shape is rectangular, as it had been depicted numerous times in official publications and reproductions.
However, the saltire design of the Alabama state flag also looks like several other flags. It is identical to the flag of St. Patrick, incorporated into the Union Flag of the United Kingdom to represent the union of the Kingdom of Great Britain with the Kingdom of Ireland. This has led to other origins being put forth as possibilities.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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If we fix a locally profinite group $G$, we note $R(G)$ the category of smooth representations of $G$, $\mathcal{E}$ the set of equivalence classes of $R(G)$, and finaly $Irr(G)$ the set of irreducible equivalence calasses. I recall that the theorem of Cantor-Bernstein says : If $E$ and $F$ two sets. If there is an injection from $E$ to $F$ and an injection from $F$ to $E$, then there is a bijection between $E$ and $F$. This enables us to define an ordering relation in the set of equipotence classes of sets : If $E$ and $F$ two sets, we note $E\leq F$ if $E$ injects in $F$.
Similarly, we define a relation $\leq$ in $\mathcal{E}$, but in general is not an ordering relation, I think that is an ordering relation if $R(G)$ is semisimple (for example, for compact locally profinite group).
If $L$ a non empty subset of $Irr(G)$, we define a $L$-minimal representation as a smooth representation $\pi$ of $G$ such that :
1) For every $\sigma\in L$, $\sigma \leq \pi$.
2) For every $\tau \in R(G)$, if $\sigma\leq\tau$ for every $\sigma\in L$, then $\pi\leq\tau$.
I ask the following questions:
Q1) An $L$-minimal representation exits?
Q2) unicity?
Q3) If $\pi$ an $L$-minimal (if there exist) representation, $dim\mathbf{Hom}_{G}(\sigma,\pi)$, where $\sigma\in L$, is minimal?
I'm interested of this question for the set $L_{k}$ of equivalence classes of irreducible supercuspidal representation of $PGL(n,F)$ with conductor=$k$.
share|improve this question
I am not sure what $L_k$ is. So can you please give a definition. I would expect this to be a finite set, so why can you not take $\pi$ as the direct sum of $\sigma$'s? – Marc Palm Feb 27 '12 at 15:36
I mean $L_k$ is finite, since I guess you induce $GL(n, o / \p^k)$ reps there or something similar, which has only finitely many isos of reps anyway. – Marc Palm Feb 27 '12 at 15:39
How do you define your relation $\leq$? – Joël Feb 27 '12 at 18:36
I defined the set $L_{k}$ as follows : If $\pi$ is a generic irreducible representation of $GL(n,F)$, the theorem of Jaquet & Piateski-Chapiro & Shalika says : there is a positive integer $k$ such that the representation $\pi$ admits a non zero vector fixed by the compact open subgroup $\Gamma_{k}$ defined by : – Rajkarov Feb 28 '12 at 4:50
$$\Gamma_{k}=\left(\begin{array}{cccc|c} \mathcal{O}_{F}^{\times}&\mathcal{O}_{F}&\cdots&\mathcal{O}_{F}&\mathcal{O}_{F}{}\\ \mathcal{O}_{F}&\ddots&\ddots&\vdots&\vdots\\ \vdots&{}&\ddots&\mathcal{O}_{F}&\vdots{}\\ \mathcal{O}_{F}&\cdots&\mathcal{O}_{F}&\mathcal{O}_{F}^{\times}&\mathcal{O}_{F}{}\\ \hline \mathcal{P}_{F}^{k}& \cdots & \cdots &\mathcal{P}_{F}^{k}&\mathcal{O}_{F}^{\times}\\ \end{array}\right)$$ – Rajkarov Feb 28 '12 at 4:53
2 Answers 2
up vote 1 down vote accepted
Here are some observations, too long for a comment:
1) Note that cuspidal irreducible representation are compactly induced
$\sigma = c-ind_K^G \tau = Ind_K^G \tau$
2) You have the second adjointness theorem (proposition on pg. 20 Bushnell-Henniart "Local Langlands for GL(2)".)
$Hom_G( c-ind_K^G \tau, \pi) = Hom_K( \tau, Res_K \pi)$
3) Silberger PGL(2) over the $p$ adics assect that $Res_K \pi$ is essentially $Ind_{B(o)}^{GL(2, o)} 1$ except for a finite dimensional part. I expect this to be true for $GL(n)$.
Hence classify the $\tau$ needed for $L_k$ ( I am not sure what your definition is here). $Res_K \pi$ has been described for cuspidal $\pi$ (Bushnell-Kutzko).
In fact, I think that the supercuspidal representation form a semisimple category, so there the question might really reduce to something trivial, very much like for profinite groups. (profinite groups are actually exactly the compact locally profinite groups;)
share|improve this answer
Your group has compact center (in fact trivial center). So supercuspidal representation indeed form a semi-simple category, as pm said (see _URL_ pg. 22-25, 36).
Your Set $L_k$ is finite set of irreducible representations. So the representation that you are looking for is the direct sum of all the representations in $L_k$
share|improve this answer
More precisely, this comes from the fact that (since the center is compact) supercuspidal representations are projective and injective objects of the category of smooth representations. – Paul Broussous Feb 28 '12 at 7:55
Your Answer


text: The aim of this document is to provide development practitioners with an introduction to the SLED process as well as guidance for practitioners facilitating that process. The Sustainable Livelihoods Enhancement and Diversification (SLED) approach has been developed by Integrated Marine Management Ltd (IMM) through building on the lessons of past livelihoods research projects as well as worldwide experience in livelihood improvement and participatory development practice. It aims to provide a set of guidelines for development and conservation practitioners whose task it is to assist people in enhancing and diversifying their livelihoods. Under the Coral Reefs and Livelihoods Initiative (CORALI), this approach has been field tested and further developed in very different circumstances and institutional settings, in six sites across South Asia and Indonesia. While this process of testing and refining SLED has been carried out specifically in the context of efforts to manage coastal and marine resources, it is an approach that can be applied widely wherever natural resources are facing degradation because of unsustainable human use. The SLED approach provides a framework within which diverse local contexts and the local complexities of livelihood change can be accommodated.


text:
After searching for a way to simulate the color changes found on lab grown bismuth crystals and dichroic glass, I eventually happened across Pruster's thin-film interference OSL shader. With the help of various literature and the OSL shader, I was able to adapt Pruster's script into a GPU compatible interference node group. Find Pruster's original news post here.
The interference group takes the complex refractive index of a substrate and up to two thin-film layers to calculate the physically-correct colors of the desired material. With it, materials such as aged copper, 'a thin-film on an arbitrary dielectric', car paint, and heated iron can be simulated correctly as seen below:
The interference group also has the option to simulate plain conductors such as gold and osmium:
And while we're at it, let's look at the golden reflections of a space helmet material and the shiny pastels of a dichroic glass material:
Only the interference node group is under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license, but its output can be used for any purpose. All the materials shown here are only a small preview of what is provided in the blend file, so check it out and maybe even create your own materials with the interference node group.
Hope you enjoy it!


Reducing combustion noise by flow control
The problem
Dryer oven burner
Typical A-weighted noise levels generated by a dryer oven, used in malting grain, reached up to 95 dB. A low-frequency 'boom' at a tone of 82 Hz dominated. As the boom occurred only at low firing, it was diagnosed as flame instability that developed into an oscillation at a resonant frequency of the combustion tube. The precise cause of the instability was determined to be an excessively weak ratio of fuel to air at low firing.
The solution
To overcome this problem, a motor-controlled valve, previously used for controlling weld fume extraction, was adapted and fitted to the combustion fan intake. Triggered by a micro-switch, the valve was used to reduce the air flow at low loads and so improve the combustion characteristics.
The cost
£100 per unit. (1995)
The result
An overall noise reduction of about 8 dB with the low-frequency tone being reduced by 21 dB. The bought-in units had no effect on operations, could be retrofitted and satisfied hygiene requirements.
Consultants were Industrial Noise and Vibration Centre.
Updated 2010-04-02


text:
On this page:
Definition of the noun Agonita tricolor
What does Agonita tricolor mean as a name of something?
Agonita tricolor is a species of Agonita, described by Chûjô in 1933.
- synonym: species Agonita tricolor
- kingdom: Animalia
- phylum: Arthropoda
- class: Insecta
- order: Coleoptera
- family: Chrysomelidae
- genus: Agonita
Online dictionaries and encyclopedias with entries for Agonita tricolor
Click on a label to prioritize search results according to that topic:
Share this page
Go to the thesaurus of Agonita tricolor to find many related words and phrases!


Store Cucumbers at Room Temperature So They'll Last Longer
If you want more time to enjoy all the cucumbers you bring back from the market, don't stuff them in the fridge. Cucumbers, according to UC Davis, via Root Simple, should be stored at room temperature.
The reason, Root Simple explains, is that when cucumbers are stored for over 3 days at temperatures below 50 degrees Fahrenheit (10 Celsius), they'll get cold injury: wateriness, pitting, and faster decay. (See how unattractive they look after being stored in the cold in the photo from UC Davis?)
The university also offers lots of other advice for fruit and vegetable storage. While we've covered what and how to store foods in the fridge or counter before, room temperature cucumbers are something we didn't notice before. (You're also supposed to keep tomatoes, peppers, and eggplants out too, but keep the cucumbers away from the ethylene-producing tomatoes!)
Don't store your cucumbers in the fridge | Root Simple


text:
- SPECIAL REPORTS
Rising health care costs are one of the biggest challenges facing the American auto industry today. In fact, some OEMs and Tier One suppliers spend more on health care than on steel—as much as $2,000 per vehicle produced.
Reducing injuries on the assembly line and improving productivity are essential to reining in skyrocketing health care costs. That's the goal of Ohio State University's Center for Occupational Health in Automotive Manufacturing (COHAM).
"We design assembly tasks and processes that minimize occupational health risks and enhance productivity and quality," says William Marras, COHAM director and a professor in the department of integrated systems engineering. "Our mission is to empower state-of-the-art technology and cutting-edge analysis methods to protect worker health, reduce worker injuries and optimize high-tech vehicle production."
Many leading automotive manufacturers, such as BMW, Faurecia, Honda and Toyota, have turned to COHAM for assistance since the organization was created six years ago. Research projects have changed the way that air bags, bumpers, doors, headliners, instrument panels, wiring harnesses and other subassemblies are installed and attached in vehicles.
"We are the only university-based full-scale manufacturing operation in the world where automobile manufacturers and suppliers can test the effect of manufacturing systems on the health of workers," claims Marras. "This approach provides quantitative cost-benefit information to manufacturers so that they can make production decisions based upon scientific evidence."
Marras and his colleagues tap into basic ergonomic research techniques developed at Ohio State's biodynamics laboratory. The 3,500-square-foot facility is equipped with a wide variety of tools that measure how the body works and how it responds to various types of muscle stresses and joint loads.
Engineers at the facility have developed several testing devices in-house. For instance, a wrist motion monitor measures how rapidly wrists move when performing various assembly tasks. A lumbar motion monitor studies back movement and exertion.
When tackling a new ergonomics challenge, engineers first visit the manufacturer's assembly line to talk with operators and take basic measurements.
"However, there are limits on what you can do on the plant floor," says Marras. "For instance, you can't do MRIs or strap a bunch of electrodes onto assemblers. That's where COHAM comes in."
The center features 5,000-square-feet of simulated plant floor. It includes conveyors, parts bins, workstations, overhead hoists, zero-gravity arms, and a wide assortment of pneumatic, electric and battery-powered fastening tools.
"It's designed to look like a real auto plant and it provides us with a lot of flexibility," says Marras. "For example, we can easily change the speed of the assembly line to measure and monitor how operators react."
Full-time line workers are typically involved in all COHAM research projects. In addition, Ohio State students are brought in to simulate new hires.
Several years ago, Marras and his colleagues conducted a research project for Honda aimed at reducing musculoskeletal injuries associated with DC-electric torque tools. The engineers tested a variety of right-angle fastening tools and evaluated how they affect the upper extremities of assemblers.
One of the most recent COHAM projects involved the development of a carriage that tilts cars sideways so assemblers can easily access interior areas while standing. As part of the study, the engineers had 12 people install components in a car's interior, underbody and engine compartment while standing. They measured stresses on the people's bodies when the car was tilted at different angles.
"Of nine different installation tasks, seven became much less strenuous when the car was tilted on its side 45 degrees," says Marras. "The other two showed similar improvements when the car was tilted completely sideways at 90 degrees."


What is a financial guarantee contract?
A financial guarantee contract is a contract that requires the issuer to make specified payments to reimburse the holder for loss it incurs because a specified debtor fails to make payment that is due in accordance with the original or modified terms of a debt instrument.
Accounting for financial guarantee contracts
If an issuer of financial guarantee contracts has previously asserted explicitly that it regards such contracts as insurance contracts and has used accounting that is applicable to insurance contracts, the issuer may elect to apply either Ind AS 109 or Ind AS 104 to such financial guarantee contracts. The entity may make that election on a contract by contract basis. How-ever, the election for each contract is not revocable.
Financial guarantee contracts after initial recognition is measured at the higher of:
 1. Impairment loss allowance determined as per requirements of Ind AS 109 and
 2. The amount initially recognised less cumulative amount of income recognised as per Ind AS 18.
Date of initial recognition
For financial guarantee contracts, the date the entity becomes a party to the irrevocable com-mitment is considered to be the date of initial recognition for the purpose of applying the im-pairment requirements.
Legal form
A financial guarantee contract may have different legal forms viz., guarantee, letter of credit, a credit default contract or an insurance contract. The accounting treatment for such financial guarantee contract is not dependent on its legal form.
Contracts that are not financial guarantee contracts
Some credit-related guarantees do not, as a precondition for payment, require that the holder is exposed to, and has incurred a loss on, the failure of the debtor to make payments on the guaranteed asset when due. An example of such a guarantee is one that requires payments in response to changes in a specified credit rating or credit index. Such guarantees are not financial guarantee contracts as defined in this Standard, and are not insurance contracts as defined in Ind AS 104. Such guarantees are derivatives and the issuer should apply Ind AS 109 for such contracts.
If a financial guarantee contract was issued in connection with the sale of goods, the issuer should apply Ind AS 18 in determining when it recognises the revenue from the guarantee and from the sale of goods.
If a financial guarantee contract was issued to an unrelated party in a standalone arm's length transaction, its fair value at the inception is likely to be equal to the premium received.
Timing of recognising life time expected credit losses
For financial guarantee contracts, an entity should consider the changes in the risk that the specified debtor will default on the contract. The significance of a change in the credit risk since initial recognition depends on the risk of a default occurring as at initial recognition. Thus, a given change, in absolute terms, in the risk of a default occurring will be more significant for a financial instrument with a lower initial risk of a default occurring compared to a financial instrument with a higher initial risk of a default occurring.
The risk of a default occurring on financial instruments that have comparable credit risk is higher the longer the expected life of the instrument; for example, the risk of a default occurring on an AAA-rated bond with an expected life of 10 years is higher than that on an AAA-rated bond with an expected life of five years.
For a financial guarantee contract, the entity is required to make payments only in the event of a default by the debtor in accordance with the terms of the instrument that is guaranteed. Accordingly, cash shortfalls are the expected payments to reimburse the holder for a credit loss that it incurs less any amounts that the entity expects to receive from the holder, the debtor or any other party. If the asset is fully guaranteed, the estimation of cash shortfalls for a financial guarantee contract would be consistent with the estimations of cash shortfalls for the asset subject to the guarantee.
Period over which to estimate expected credit losses
For financial guarantee contracts, this is the maximum contractual period over which an entity has a present contractual obligation to extend credit.
Time value of money
Expected credit losses on financial guarantee contracts for which the effective interest rate cannot be determined shall be discounted by applying a discount rate that reflects the current market assessment of the time value of money and the risks that are specific to the cash flows but only if, and to the extent that, the risks are taken into account by adjusting the discount rate instead of adjusting the cash shortfalls being discounted.
Impairment on transition to Ind AS
On transition, an entity should seek to approximate the credit risk on initial recognition by considering all reasonable and supportable information that is available without undue cost or effort. An entity is not required to undertake an exhaustive search for information when determining, at the date of transition, whether there have been significant increases in credit risk since initial recognition. If an entity is unable to make this determination without undue cost or effort an entity shall recognise a loss allowance at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit losses at each reporting date until that financial instrument is derecognised.
In order to determine the loss allowance on financial guarantee contracts to which the entity became a party to the contract prior to the date of initial application, both on transition and until the derecognition of those items an entity shall consider information that is relevant in determining or approximating the credit risk at initial recognition. In order to determine or approximate the initial credit risk, an entity may consider internal and external information, including portfolio information.
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Spinach tortillas
Compatibile with Thermomix TM5 and TM31
Spinach tortillas
45 min
Serves 8
 - 2 oz spinach
 - 6 oz water
 - 16 oz (cooked) bakers flour
 - 2 oz olive oil
 - 1 tsp salt
 1. Put into the bowl spinach and water: 1 min. speed 7.
 2. Add flour, oil and salt: 30 sec. speed 6.
 3. Then: 3 min. speed Knead.
 4. Allow the dough to rest for 15 minutes then divide it into 8 pieces.
 5. Roll out each piece of dough into thin circles very thin (they will cook quickly).
 6. Place a large frying pan on a medium heat and start cooking tortillas on it.
 7. They must cook for about two minute on each side (once they start bubbling, flip it over).
 8. They must be cooked but still soft and flexible.
 9. Stack the cooked tortillas on a plate while cooking others, they will remain warm.
 10. The tortillas are ready to roll with your favorite filling.


text:
Background: Epidemiological studies have reported an association between asthma and migraine, mainly in adults. Objective: To examine the association between specialist-diagnosed asthma and migraine among adolescents. Methods: The electronic database of a recruitment center was retrospectively searched for all 17-year-old draftees during the years _PHONE_. Diagnoses of asthma and migraine were made by certified specialists. The prevalence of migraine was compared among draftees with and without asthma. Covariate data on socio-demographics and associated medical conditions were recorded. Results: A total of 113 671 adolescents were available for analysis. Asthma was diagnosed among 4.0% and migraine among 1.9%. Migraine was significantly more prevalent among adolescents with asthma [174 of the 4581 subjects (3.8%)] compared to those without asthma [1946 of the 109 090 (1.8%)] [OR = 2.17 (95% CI 1.86-2.55; P < 0.001)]. Rates of migraine among subjects with and without allergic rhinitis were 6.3% and 1.7%, respectively [OR = 4.04 (95% CI 3.58-4.56; P < 0.001)]. On multivariate analysis, there was a significant association between migraine and both asthma [OR = 1.42 (95% CI 1.19-1.68)] and allergic rhinitis [OR = 3.18 (95% CI 2.80-3.63)]. Other factors significantly associated with migraine were female gender, urban area of residence, recent immigration to Israel, having three or fewer siblings, and abnormal body mass index. Conclusion: Clinicians should be aware that asthma and allergic rhinitis are potential risk factors for migraine in adolescents. A combined finding of these conditions and recurrent headache is highly suggestive of migraine and warrants a different diagnosis and treatment approach from sinusitis.
- allergic rhinitis
- risk factor


text:
From telescopes to the Erie Canal, to planes, trains and automobiles, technological innovations have long been incorporated into wallpaper designs. With cast iron reaching new aesthetic and structural heights in architecture beginning in the 1850s, it made sense to capture its more decorative aspect in a wallpaper design. This paper highlights views of New York City architectural landmarks including Trinity Church, Federal Hall, Exchange Place, Grace Church, and Castle Garden, with each view enclosed within a decorative cast iron framework. Flowering vines are entwined around the support columns. A narrow border fragment is still attached at the top edge with the border colors matching those found in the sidewall paper. The format of this design is quite typical for the period but the normal framing elements of scrolling foliage and wood moldings have here been replaced with decorative cast iron. While the maker of this paper is unknown it is appropriate that the cast iron design incorporates New York City landmarks as there were numerous cast iron foundries in New York City. The SoHo (South of Houston) district of New York City contains possibly the largest collection of cast iron architecture in the world.
With origins dating back to ancient China, cast iron was not a new material at this time but there was a boom in its use for architecture. Refinements in its production allowed the material to be used as a structural element in large building projects beginning in the late eighteenth century, while its cheapness and availability in the 1850s led to its increased use in architecture. Support columns made of cast iron were more slender than those of masonry supporting a similar weight, which created more usable interior space, and also allowed for larger, more decorative windows when used on the exterior.


Saturday, 16 December 2017
The Bootleg Myth
Posted in Science / Social Sciences / Sociology
The Bootleg Myth is Bust: More Etymology Dysology Uncovered
Feb. 22, 2013 3:12 am
Research Boots-out The Etymological Bootlegger Origin Myth
Without a single reference to support the claim, all of the major dictionaries and etymology textbooks assert confidently that the words bootleg, bootlegging and bootlegger all stem from the past practice of illegal alcohol peddlers concealing their product inside their boots. OK - let's try to picture these mythical bootleggers and their modus operandi - they put bottles down their boots so nobody would know they were carrying illicit booze. Have you ever put a bottle down your boot and tried to walk?
Surely, you would have to be at least as large as a fantastical child's nightmare 150 foot pirate with massive galleon boots to stand a chance of making a profit by selling bottles of booze that you carry around stuffed down inside of your boots. How much profit could normal sized folk possibly make by stuffing a few tiny bottles of plonk down them for the purposes of transportation and selling? As for not drawing attention to yourself as an illicit product peddler, the whole image is ludicrously Pythonesque .
Imagine it:
Clink, stagger, funny walk, clink, clink, clink: "Oh hello Sheriff, nice day for a casual stroll in these massive boots. Who me, got a problem with my legs. No. Why-ever would you think that?" Clink, clink, clink.
Rees's (2002) unevidenced explanation of the bootlegger phrase is not untypical of the obvious fact that nobody seems to have thought the guesswork through with their head outside of a book:
' The word arose in the American Far West in the mid-nineteenth century when illegal liquor sales were made to Indians on reservations. The thin bottles of alcohol are said to have been concealed in the vendor's long boots.'
Chamber's Dictionary of Etymology (1998) also rolls out the same unevidenced booze down the boots story, as does the aptly named Brewers Dictionary of Phrase and Fable (2012). Moreover, you'll find the exact same story repeated endlessly in free internet dictionaries such as The New World Encyclopedia:
'The term "bootlegging" first came into use during Prohibition in the United States, and referred to the black market illegal transport and sale of alcohol. Those wishing to illegally transport alcohol would sometimes hide flasks of liquor in the shanks of a boot. Though the term can now be used to refer to the sale or transport of any illicit goods, it almost exclusively refers to the sale or trade of unauthorized music performances, including video or audio copies of concerts, studio outtakes, or songs never intended for release.'
The Bootleg Mythbust
My own research has not turned up a shred of evidence to support this orthodox booze-down-the-boot 'knowledge' claim. Until published evidence is forthcoming, therefore, we should treat this orthodox explanation as a total myth. So what might be a more likely - evidenced - source of the words bootleg and bootlegger?
Using internet dating to create a published bootleg usage time-line reveals that the word bootleg appears to be a US term used by prohibitionists to associate illicit alcohol with foul tasting bootleg (coffee made from burnt bread). Bootleg coffee was a standard prison ration in the US. The name bootleg by way of its close association with a foul tasting inauthentic beverage consumed by convicts was a perfect name with which to label illicit alcohol and those who illegally sold it.
Timeline for published use of the words bootleg and bootlegger.
 1. Bootleg 1854 –leather cut for the leg of a boot - used for many things after the boot is made and worn out including (e.g.door hinges for a cabin 1875. and there was no illicit association with the word in the mid-19th century
 2. Some pistols made in the mid 19th century and used, for example, in 1876 were carried down boots and used illegally . Some such pistols are today named bootleg pistols . However, I can find no evidence that they were so named in the 19th century. If future research reveals that they were so named at the time then that alone would not refute the bootleg coffee source of the word's criminological significance. Because evidence would need to be found that 'bootleg pistols' were (a) associated with criminals and (b) associated with illicit alcohol or (c) bootleg coffee.
 3. Bootleg – faux coffee made from burnt bread, molasses and hot water- 1876 - standard prison ration
 4. Bootleggers 1890 – illegally peddling alcohol during prohibition
 5. Bootleg buckets (prisoners carrying their soup in prison) – 1893
 6. Drinking a bootleg full of rum 1896 - fiction
 7. Bootleg liquor – 1902
 8. Bootleg whisky - 1903
 9. Bootleg relating to stolen goods (coal) 1907
 10. Bootleg records 1932 (fiction)
 11. Bootleg records 1942
 12. Bootleg manufacturing by nation state 1941 – Germany secretly making weapons of war during 1932 (in 1941 magazine article ).
If the words bootleg, bootlegger and bootlegging stem from the practice of illegally trafficking alcohol in bottles or flasks stuffed down the sellers boots then where on this Earth is the published evidence to support this claim, which is so confidently made by the most prestigious etymology dictionaries in the world?
Most tellingly, why was burnt bread coffee called bootleg in the published literature 14 years before the term was used for illicit alcohol? Could it possibly have been some kind of joke about it tasting so bad that it must have been made from the leg of an old boot?
" ... reach into the pan, grab up a handful and drop it into the tin plate of the victim; besides the beef there was a gray mixture called soup; boiled potatoes, hardtack, and coffee that could have been made of nothing else except an old bootleg."
Burnt bread coffee (bootleg coffee) may have its origins in the fact that burnt bread was used in the 19th century to purify water - since it is in fact charcoal. It was given to the sick and also placed in the water of rooms where people were sick because it was believed that charcoal would soak up any contamination and impurities (see Peterson 1857). In modern times we still use charcoal filters to purify water. The use of bootleg coffee in 19th century prisons, the military and elsewhere, while perhaps an aquired or never aquired taste, makes perfect sense in terms of seeking to ensure the water was made safe to drink.
Bootleg music
Bootleg music became big news in 1942. The mass production of bootleg records followed in wake of Petrillo the musician union's chief's imposed ban that lasted 2 years while union member musicians boycotted recording companies in order to eventually secure royalties for musicians. During this period demand for records exceeded supply leading to a noteable rise in the production of bootleg records.
Unless evidence is produced to support what etymologists at least see as the obvious, plausible, compelling but unevidenced bottles of booze down boots explanation, the published literature supports an alternative hypothesis as well as common sense. The Bootleg Coffee Hypothesis is that the US temperance movement and the criminal justice system, implementing their prohibition policies in the USA in _PHONE_ and 1890, labelled illicit alcohol as bootleg and its peddlers as bootleggers as part of a deliberate propaganda exercise to associate illicit alcohol with a foul tasting faux coffee that was known to be consumed by convicts.
The research technique concept that I have coined internet dating (please note that I most certainly never coined the phrase internet dating), which I employed to bust the bootleg myth, is based almost entirely upon the documents that Google has scanned as part of its on-going Library Project. Therefore, books and other documents that are currently un-scanned by Google, may exist to support the currently unevidenced bottles of booze down the leg story, which is current orthodox knowledge as the source of the words bootleg, bootlegger and bootlegging. If new sources apear to disconfirm the bootleg coffee hypothesis then I will update this blog articlet accordingly with a dated postscript.
Postscript 14th April 2013At the time of writing, Wikipedia currently, credulously, has it that the phrase ''bootlegging' is to do with smugglers putting alcohol inside their boots. However, Since Wikipedia is currently unethically engaged in deliberately and systematically plagiarizing the unique results of my original myth-busting work published solely here on Best Thinking, and then deliberately refusing to cite me as the originator of this brand new information that is busting decades old pervasive myths, we should expect Wikipedia to edit-out its daft mistake and yet pretend that Wikipedia editors discovered the new material and information


Liberals and organised labour
The loss of the support of organised labour during the late Victorian and Edwardian period was a key factor in the decline of the Liberal Party as an electoral force.
Once this confidence in the party was gone, the Liberals never got it back and trade union and labour issues have never since had the highest priority in Liberal politics.
The speakers examined why and how organised labour broke away from supporting the Liberal Party, and its impact on the Liberal vote.
Related themes


Home / Blogs / How Onsite LGV Assessors are Bringing Mental Health Benefits to LGV Drivers
How Onsite LGV Assessors are Bringing Mental Health Benefits to LGV Drivers
Blogs | 2nd Apr 2019
How Onsite LGV Assessors are Bringing Mental Health Benefits to LGV Drivers
Regular driver assessments are an important part of the safety and efficiency of any transport operation, but have you considered that having an RTITB LGV Driver Assessor onsite can help provide much more, including improved mental health for drivers?
An LGV Driver assessment is a one-on-one session between a driver and an LGV Assessor that takes about one hour. Safety, driving ability and minimising fuel consumption or component wear through driving style are some of the typical focusses for most periodic LGV Driver assessments (annually or sooner).
However, while these are all important factors, employers should be aware that these regular one-on-one sessions also provide a valuable opportunity for LGV Drivers to connect with a trusted colleague, in a safe environment, for open discussion and conversation. This is one of the many benefits of having onsite LGV Driver Assessors.
Why are these one-on-one assessments important for mental health?
With limited human interaction, the role of a professional LGV driver can often be a solitary one. During a four-and-a-half-hour drive, or indeed a full ten-hour shift, any minor concerns playing on a driver's mind can easily escalate to feel like major problems. Left untreated, stress and other mental health conditions, such as depression, are likely to worsen, which can lead to lost man hours with drivers calling in sick.
Having an LGV Assessor onsite provides the opportunity for LGV Drivers to regularly share their concerns, and for the LGV Assessor to respond appropriately, either to help alleviate anxiety or, in more serious cases, to highlight concerns to relevant colleagues with a view to offering more suitable support. This can hugely benefit your drivers and your business which may not be so easy if assessments are outsourced.
The benefits of inhouse LGV Assessors
Whether they're employed full-time in the role, or they are a skilled driver with additional responsibility, an LGV Driver Assessor can add significant value to transport and logistics operations.
For example, they can support the recruitment of good driverswith pre-employment driving assessments to ensure potential employees' skills are up to standard. Their valuable skills can help businesses avoid disruption, particularly during peak recruitment times.
For regular drivers they can identify areas where intervention is needed and even assess job specific functions such as company delivery paperwork, loading, unloading or specific vehicle characteristics. It is important to note that the LGV Assessor should not provide remedial instruction, which is the job of LGV Instructors.
Acting as a valuable link between drivers and the transport management team, LGV Assessors may also provide information for compliance or help to plan training schemes. Furthermore, following an incident, Assessors can evaluate drivers which may be exposed to similar risk criteria. Through this analysis, accident causes can be identified, and negated.
How to train onsite LGV Driver Assessors
Available at the RTITB Instructor Academy or delivered on your premises, the RTITB LGV Assessor Training course is designed for very experienced LGV Drivers who want to progress in their careers to assess other LGV Drivers. It is also a useful step for someone interested in becoming an LGV Instructor, as training candidates benefit from an enhanced technical understanding of LGV driving.
What's involved in the LGV Assessor training?
Courses typically cover driver licensing and eyesight checks, the assessment procedure, assessment route selection and directions to drivers. Driver marking sheets are covered along with report writing and accident, vehicle defect and periodical driving assessments.
To pass the LGV Assessor course drivers are usually required to pass an examination consisting of three elements. The first is a personal driving assessment followed by an associated knowledge multiple choice theory paper. They must then conduct a practical assessment of driving ability.
Training from RTITB should always be considered an investment and while mental health is not a specific topic within the LGV Assessor Training, well trained Assessors will possess outstanding communication skills, which are vital in supporting your drivers. In the male dominated logistics and transport industry, mental health is still very much a taboo subject so open communication is important.
For more information about LGV Driver Assessor Training, or to learn more about how an onsite LGV Assessor can benefit your business, please contact us.


Best High-Calorie Vegetables for a Survival Garden
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best high calorie vegetables survival gardening
High-calorie vegetables are an important part of a survival garden. As part of a survival food plan, fresh vegetables are a nutritious addition to any prepper diet. You need calories for the energy you need to deal with whatever challenges you may face. Here are the best high-calorie vegetables for your survival garden.
Top High-Calorie Vegetables
The top high-calorie vegetables are legumes, root vegetables, and corn. Not only are they easy to store, but they are also used as staple foods for people the world over. These vegetables are excellent additions to your vegetable garden.
What Are Legumes?
According to the Cambridge English dictionary, a legume is "a plant that has its seeds in a pod, such as the bean or pea."
Legumes include beans, peas, lentils, and peanuts. A good source of protein, legumes are also high in fiber and micronutrients. They are easy to grow and store.
what are legumes
Different Types of Legumes
With all the different types of legumes, how do you tell them apart?
Generally, beans have an oval or elongated shape. They include pinto beans, black beans, pink and red beans, and kidney beans. White beans include navy, Great northern beans, lima beans, and cannellini beans.
Kidney Bean Precautions
Kidney beans and cannellini (white kidney beans) must be well cooked. Never eat them raw. According to Dr. Josh Axe, "Raw kidney beans contain a toxin, phytohaemagglutinin, that can cause liver damage."
Soak kidney beans for eight hours or overnight and discard the soaking water.
Fill with fresh water and bring to a full boil for at least ten minutes to completely destroy the toxin. Then cook until tender.
For this reason, it's better to cook kidney beans on the stove instead of in a low-temperature cooker.
Most peas are round and have fewer calories than beans. They include black-eyed peas, English peas, snow peas, sugar snap peas, green and yellow peas, purple hull peas and field peas. Some, such as snow peas and snap peas, also have edible pods and can be eaten raw or cooked.
Lentils are round, flat disks. They include brown, green, red, and orange lentils. Lentils are very quick and easy to cook. They work well in soups and salads.
yams vs sweet potatoes
Root Vegetables
Yams vs Sweet Potatoes
How do you tell the difference between the two? According to the Library of Congress, "Yams are from the Dioscoreaceae or Yam family while sweet potatoes are from the Convolvulacea or morning glory family."
A true yam is a starchy, edible root. Yams have a brown or darker scaly skin and light insides. They have more calories than sweet potatoes and are starchier and sweeter.
Yams grow well in tropical climates and can reach sizes of over six feet long and 150 pounds. They store well, too. Properly handled, they can be stored for up to six months.
Sweet Potatoes are popular dishes for holidays meals. They range in colors from golden to copper skins with orange or yellow flesh.
There are two main cooking varieties: firm and soft. Firm sweet potatoes are similar to white baking potatoes. They stay firmer when cooked. Soft sweet potatoes, when cooked, get softer and are easier to mash or puree.
Additional High-Calorie Root Vegetables
Taro root
Rich in vitamins and minerals, taro root is high in calories as well at over 180 calories in a cup. Taro is a tropical to subtropical plant. Both the leaves and the root is edible but must be cooked first. (Taro is toxic when raw.)
Though not as common today, parsnips are another high-calorie root vegetable. At 100 calories in a cup, they are just slightly less than sweet potatoes.
Potatoes are a versatile crop and can be prepared in a multitude of ways. By also eating the skins, you can increase their nutritional value.
Corn is another versatile crop. It can be eaten both as a vegetable and dried and ground into meal.
Winter Squash
Another good source of calories is winter squash. Popular winter squashes such as acorn and butternut squash are easy to grow and store.
winter squash butternut
High-Calorie Fruits
If you live in the right climate or have a greenhouse, add these high-calorie fruits to your survival garden.
Dried Fruit
Dried fruit of any kind is generally higher in calories, being a condensed version of itself. It's easy to store and pack. It provides a quick burst of energy while satisfying the sharpest sweet tooth.
While most people consider the avocado to be a vegetable, it's also considered to be a fruit. The avocado is a good source of both calories and healthy fats.
While definitely a tropical plant, a coconut is a fruit, a nut, and a seed. High in calories, coconuts are also a good source of healthy fats.
Rich in potassium and fiber, bananas are more than just their insides. You can eat the peels, too. According to Laura Flores, a San Diego-based nutritionist, "[The skin] contains high amounts of vitamin B6 and B12, as well as magnesium and potassium. It also contains some fiber and protein."
The riper the banana, the sweeter and thinner the peel will be. To cook, bake, broil or fry for ten minutes.
A good source of Vitamin C, mangoes also provide Vitamin A and fiber.
Fats Add Calories
While vegetables and fruits are nutritious, they are lower in calories. To increase your calories, add fats to your meals.
If you're striving for food self-sufficiency, you will need sources of protein, carbohydrates, and fats. Providing the necessary fats for a healthy diet can come from either animal or plant sources. Some of the best sources of plant-based fats come from nuts and seeds.
High-Calorie Nuts and Seeds
Nut Trees
Nut trees are a good investment for a survival garden. But they do take time to grow to maturity and produce a full crop. Popular nut trees include macadamias, pecans, pine nuts, Brazil nuts, walnuts, and chestnuts.
For a faster crop, try seeds. High calorie, high-fat seeds include sunflower seeds, pumpkin and squash seeds, hemp seeds, flaxseeds, and chia seeds.
Try out some of these high-calorie vegetables, fruits, nuts and seeds in your survival garden. With these few extra additions, you will be well on your way to food self-sufficiency.
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The Twenty-seven Dead Apostle Ancestors
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List of the Twenty-seven Dead Apostle Ancestors
The Twenty-seven Dead Apostle Ancestors (死徒二十七祖, shito nijuunanaso?) are the aristocratic elite of the vampires. The original group were those of the Dead Apostles who escaped from their role as the "emergency rations" of the True Ancestors, but it currently refers to the distinct factions amongst the Dead Apostles due to some having been succeeded by new generations of Dead Apostles. Some of the originals, more than half, have been sealed away by the Church and some have been annihilated, changing the leadership of the different factions throughout the generations as they have been replaced, while others still reign as Ancestors in the present era. There are some missing numbers yet to be replaced, as they have been executed by the Church, sealed by the Church, or they are atoning for their sins.
The sealed Ancestors are stored in coffins within the Church under eternal imprisonment because they are unable to be totally destroyed. The factions following these Ancestors are still in good condition without their leaders, and they are currently gaining strength to either take back their Ancestor or destroy them.[1] Those who are over four thousand years old from the Age of Gods are referred to as the Elder Title: League of the Age of Gods (神代連盟（エルダータイトル）,?). There are those who favored establishing kingdoms consisting of Territories, Dead Apostles, and the Dead, and there are some exceptional members who possess neither a Territory nor a coven. The oldest favor Territories, whereas those who transformed from the culmination of pursuing magecraft have little interest in such power.
The main reason why the group remains in some form after years of repeated killing and destruction among each other and hunts from the Church is because one Ancestor acts as the prophet. Declaring the Rose Prophecy (薔薇の予言,?), she always foresees the death of those Ancestors and warns them so they may prepare a successor immediately. Louvre was given the message "--Tonight, Death will appear before thee" around three hours before his death. They are mainly non-aggressive against one another, and there are two main factions in the present. They can be considered an organization with power rivaling the Church and Mage's Association.[2]
They are very powerful beings, and many have the ability to utilize Reality Marbles. Their general rankings are not determined exclusively by how powerful he or she is individually, but rather the paramount danger he or she poses to humanity. Those within the first ten ranks cannot be defeated by normal concepts, as they, themselves, are fantasy much like members of the Phantasmal Species. Those who live in fantasy can only be defeated by fantasy that is greater than themselves. Furthermore, for those who have reached the Ancestor class, it is possible to exist as a phantom even after losing the physical body. Those who have completely lost their original bodies are Nrvnqsr Chaos, Stanrobe Calhin, Night of Wallachia, Gransurg Blackmore, Caubac Alcatraz, and Michael Roa Valdamjong. They are, on average, capable of facing Servants in battle, but, as both are types of beings that live in Mystery, such battles would come down to "having the means of killing the other guy somehow."[3]
Servants will generally hold a slight advantage, barring compatibility issues, and the Knight classes, Saber, Archer, and Lancer, will all be able to have solid fights. Though Saber's Excalibur is extremely effective against those who overwhelm by material quantity and alienness, there are those capable of surviving being hit by Excalibur-class attacks through pure endurance. At the same time, those same ones with extreme endurance would have a tough time with Lancer's Gae Bolg.[4] ORT, to which Earth's rules do not apply, and Primate Murder can be called in a league of their own above both Ancestors and Servants.[5]
Aylesbury ValestiEdit
One major event for the Ancestors is the Aylesbury Valesti (アルズベリ・バレステイン,?) ritual established by Crimson Moon that involves the revival of The Dark Six.[6] It is a grand ritual the Ancestors have been preparing for decades, and it has come together in Aylesbury over the last ten years. It is suggested that the ritual, performed much earlier in the 1970s for unknown reasons, resulted in the world's mana being dried up in Fate/Extra.[7] Due to the development being funded and developed entirely by human means, the Mage's Association and Church are unable to intervene until the advent of the ritual.
List of the Twenty-seven Dead Apostle AncestorsEdit
 1. Primate Murder
 2. The Dark Six is the Original Dead Apostle (最初の死徒,?) known as the Six Royalties of the Dark (闇色の六王権,?) and the First and Highest System (最古にして最高のシステム, saiko ni shite saikou no system?). It has not reached one-hundred percent completion and it is currently regenerating.[9] It is supposed to bring all Dead Apostles together once it awakens in the Aylesbury ritual.
 3. Brunestud of the Crimson Moon (Type-Moon)
 4. Kischur Zelretch Schweinorg (Wizard Marshall Zelretch)
 5. ORT (Type-Mercury)
 9. Altrouge Brunestud
 10. Nrvnqsr Chaos
 Replacement : Louvre (Dead Apostle of the Lake)
 12. ???
 13. Night of Wallachia (TATARI, Zepia Eltnam Oberon)
 14. Van-Fem
 16. Gransurg Blackmore (Lord of the Black Wing)
 17. Trhvmn Ortenrosse
 18. Enhance
 19. ???
 20. Merem Solomon (Crown)
 22. ???
 23. ???
 25. ???
 26. ???
 27. Caubac Alcatraz
Extra: Michael Roa Valdamjong (The Serpent of Akasha)
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International Journal of Computer Applications
Image analysis is an interesting research area in both graphics and in computer architecture. In this paper, the authors have done detailed analysis on image for designing an efficient way of storing and comparing images within a device. Especially, when the device is an embedded system it needs much care in processing information stored in that device. The important factors that must be considered for any given application include performance, reliability and cost. Any computer that handles large amount of graphical information, involving pictorial images and animation, must have good real time performance.


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E.J. Campbell High School; Prior to 1903 African American children in Nacogdoches were taught at two different locations by Will Sanders, Peyton Edwards Walton, Sr., and T. C. Ayers. In 1903, the schools were combined and moved to a building on Shawnee Street to create the Nacogdoches Colored School. This building, which is still standing on Shawnee Street, educated African American children of all grades. In 1937, the school board voted to change the name to E.J. Campbell School in honor of a former principal. The building continued to educate all grade levels until 1954 at which time high school students moved into a new building across the street. The high school became known as E.J. Campbell High School and the old building became Emaline Carpenter Elementary School. From 1965 to 1969, NISD offered a "freedom of choice" plan with schools becoming fully integrated in the 1970-71 school year.
This item may be protected under Title 17 of the U.S. Copyright Law. It is available for non-commercial research and education. For permission to publish or reproduce, please contact the East Texas Research Center at _EMAIL_.


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Linguistik-Klassifikation: Grammatikforschung / Grammar research
Grammatical relations typology
- Traditionally, the term "grammatical relation" (GR) refers to the morphosyntactic properties that relate an argument to a clause, as, for example, its subject or its object. Alternative terms are "syntactic function" or "syntactic role", and they highlight the fact that GRs are defined by the way in which arguments are integrated syntactically into a clause, i.e. by functioning as subject, object etc. Whatever terminology one prefers, what is crucial about the traditional notion of GRs is (a) that they are identified by syntactic properties, and (b) that they relate an argument to the clause.


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Map of flight path and driving directions from Asheville to Greenville.
Shortest flight path between Asheville Regional Airport (AVL) and Mid Delta Regional Airport (GLH).
How far is Greenville from Asheville?
There are several ways to calculate distances between Asheville and Greenville. Here are two common methods:Vincenty's formula (applied above)
- 500.352 miles
- 805.238 kilometers
- 434.794 nautical miles
Vincenty's formula calculates the distance between latitude/longitude points on the earth's surface, using an ellipsoidal model of the earth.Haversine formula
- 499.423 miles
- 803.743 kilometers
- 433.986 nautical miles
The haversine formula calculates the distance between latitude/longitude points assuming a spherical earth (great-circle distance – the shortest distance between two points).
Time difference and current local times
The time difference between Asheville and Greenville is 1 hour. Greenville is 1 hour behind Asheville.
Carbon dioxide emissions
Estimated CO2 emissions per passenger is 99 kg (218 pounds).
Frequent Flyer Miles Calculator
Asheville (AVL) → Greenville (GLH).


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Tuesday, August 28, 2012
Juha Vierinen's project GCS, GNU Chirp Sound
"The GNU Chirp Sounder is a software defined radio based receiver for monitoring ionospheric sounders (ionosondes) and over-the-horizon radars that use linear frequency sweep FM-CW transmissions. The software is based on gnuradio and relies on Ettus research USRP2 and USRP N210 based digital receivers. The receiver can be used to receive the whole HF band (typically at 25 MHz bandwidth) simultaneously, and to receive multiple sounders simultaneously. The current receiver can be used to perform single or dual polarization (channel) soundings. The dual channel recorded can be used to determine the polarization form vertical soundings, or for angle of arrival measurements. Multiple independent receivers could also be used for imaging purposes."


The code and value together are unique, and a composite key is created containing them both.
We load in reference data from an excel spreadsheet, and at some point, there was a code and value pair added to a reference data type which matched exactly with a code and value pair from another reference data type. Attempting to add the second code value pair resulted in a unique key violation.
I needed to add the discriminator column into the composite key. If you're using auto mapping, you'll need to add an auto mapping override. Below is an example of creating a composite key containing the code, discriminator and value columns.
public class ReferenceDataAutoMappingOverride : IAutoMappingOverride
 public void Override(AutoMapping mapping)
 const string uniqueKeyName = "UK_ReferenceData_discriminator_Code_Value";
 mapping.Map(refData => refData.Code).UniqueKey(uniqueKeyName);
 mapping.Map(refData => refData.Value).UniqueKey(uniqueKeyName);


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Data Management Platforms (DMPs) are software systems that collect, store, and analyze data from various sources to help healthcare marketers make data-driven decisions. These platforms are designed to help healthcare marketers better understand their target audiences and make more informed decisions about how to reach them.
DMPs collect data from a variety of sources, including website analytics, social media, and offline data sources such as point-of-sale systems. The data is then organized and analyzed, providing healthcare marketers with a comprehensive view of their target audience.
One of the key benefits of DMPs is their ability to segment audiences based on specific characteristics, such as demographics or behavior. This allows healthcare marketers to create targeted campaigns that are more likely to resonate with specific groups of people.
DMPs can be used to segment audiences in a number of ways. For example, healthcare marketers can segment audiences based on demographics such as age, gender, and location. They can also segment audiences based on behaviors such as website browsing history or social media activity.
Once an audience has been segmented, healthcare marketers can use this information to create targeted campaigns that are more likely to resonate with that specific group of people. For example, if a healthcare marketer knows that a particular group of people is more likely to be interested in a certain type of healthcare product, they can create a targeted campaign that specifically targets that group.
DMPs can also be used to personalize the customer experience. By collecting and analyzing data about a customer's behavior and preferences, healthcare marketers can create customized experiences that are more likely to resonate with that individual.
For example, if a healthcare marketer knows that a particular customer is interested in a certain type of healthcare product, they can use that information to recommend similar products or send customized email campaigns. This can help increase customer engagement and ultimately drive sales.
Data Management Platforms (DMPs) are powerful tools that can help healthcare marketers make data-driven decisions. By collecting and analyzing data from a variety of sources, DMPs provide healthcare marketers with a comprehensive view of their target audience. This information can then be used to segment audiences, create targeted campaigns, and personalize the customer experience. With DMPs, healthcare marketers can make more informed decisions about how to reach their target audience, ultimately driving sales and increasing customer engagement.
A DMP (Data Management Platform) is a software tool used to collect and analyze large volumes of data from multiple sources. It helps businesses manage customer data, create targeted marketing campaigns, and improve customer experiences.
A DMP can store first-party, second-party, and third-party data. This includes data from websites, social media, email campaigns, mobile apps, and other online platforms. The data is then processed, analyzed, and stored in the DMP for further use.
Using a DMP for marketing can help businesses improve customer targeting and personalization, optimize marketing campaigns, increase customer engagement and loyalty, and enhance overall customer experience.
A DMP and a CRM system serve different purposes. A DMP is used to manage large volumes of data from multiple sources, while a CRM system is used to manage customer interactions and relationships. A DMP is used to create targeted marketing campaigns based on customer data, while a CRM system is used to manage customer interactions and customer service.
Some popular DMPs in the market include Adobe Audience Manager, Oracle BlueKai, Salesforce DMP, Lotame, and Krux.
Yes, a DMP can be integrated with other marketing tools such as ad servers, demand-side platforms (DSPs), and supply-side platforms (SSPs). This allows businesses to create more targeted and effective marketing campaigns.


31 Appropriate Sympathy Gift Ideas
What is an Appropriate Sympathy Gift?
When a loved one experiences a tragedy or loss, we often wish we could do something to ease their pain. Unfortunately, choosing appropriate sympathy gifts to help them through the grieving process can be challenging, especially because each person deals with grief and sadness in their own way. The most important thing to remember is that anything you do to show love and sympathy will be appreciated.
You're currently reading ➔ [31 Appropriate Sympathy Gift Ideas]
See below for other posts in our sympathy gift guide:
Sympathy Gift Etiquette
Your main goal when choosing appropriate sympathy gifts is to show love and support. However, your message may be better received when you follow the rules of sympathy gift etiquette:
 - Whether or not there is an official service to attend, it is still encouraged to send a gift or card to express your sympathy.
 - The best time to send gifts is during the first two weeks, but if more time has passed, a simple note or card is still acceptable.
 - Charitable donations are often appreciated, particularly if the family has ties or sentimental feelings toward a specific charity. As a general rule, look for the phrase "in lieu of flowers" on any announcements or in the obituaries and follow the instructions given. Sympathy etiquette suggests that you still write a note or card expressing condolences and letting them know you made a donation.
Chicken and Wild Rice
Use the guide below to find ideas for appropriate sympathy messages and gifts that follow the rules of sympathy etiquette.
1. Classic Sympathy Gift
When you aren't sure what to get someone in need of comfort, these classic ideas are always well received.
 1. Gift basket
 2. Teddy bears/stuffed animal
 3. Balloons
 4. Letters/card
 5. Throw blanket/heated blanket
 6. Acts of Service
 7. Flowers
2. Personalized Sympathy Gift
Another great way to express genuine sympathy is by choosing or creating a gift with a personal touch.
 1. Personalized throw blanket
 2. Sympathy ornament
 3. DIY compassion care package
 4. Photo album with family/friend pictures
 5. Book or jar with memories of the deceased, written by friends and family
 6. Charitable donation
 7. Gift card for home cleaning or other services
3. Decadent Sympathy Gift
 1. Memorial jewelry (necklaces, bracelets, rings, etc.)
 2. Memorial tumbler mug
 3. Memorial flower planter box
 4. Angel wind chime
 5. Memorial garden stone
 6. Plant a tree in their name
 7. Keepsake box
4. Sympathy Food Gifts
In situations of extreme sadness or stress, it is often the simple things that bring the most comfort. Bringing over a meal or special treat is the perfect way to cheer someone up and show you care.
 1. Gourmet soup
 2. Candy
 3. Tea or Hot Chocolate (something warm to drink)
 4. Cookies (Spoonful of Comfort has several great cookie options you can have sent right to their home!)
 5. Ice cream
 6. Fruit or Fruit basket (fresh or dried)
 7. Assorted nuts
 8. Tin of popcorn
 9. Bottle of wine
 10. Favorite soda
Frequently Asked Sympathy Gift Questions:
How do you sympathize with someone who has lost a loved one?
In addition to cards and gifts, the best way to show your sympathy is by providing service. What can you do to take away some stress during this time? Maybe you can provide a meal, mow the lawn, shovel snow, help with cleaning, or take care of kids.
Is it appropriate to give money in a sympathy card?
Yes, in fact, it is often one of the best ways you can support a loved one. The deceased may have been the one bringing in the majority of the household income, or the survivor may be faced with high funeral costs. Put the money in a card with a kind message and simply mention there is a gift inside so the recipient doesn't wait too long to open it.
Is it appropriate to send flowers to a funeral?
There are circumstances where flowers would not be an appropriate gift. In some cultures and religions, sending flowers to show sympathy during mourning may not be part of their tradition. For example, traditionally Jewish people do not have a culture of sending flowers to the funeral. The same applies to Hindus. If you know the family has no such concerns, then flowers are a great gift for a funeral.
Are group sympathy gifts appropriate?
Sending sympathy gifts as a group works well when the person or family you are supporting is affiliated with your group and is not a particular close friend. For example, multiple coworkers can pitch in for a group gift and each sign the same card.
One of the most helpful ways to provide comfort during difficult times is by making sure your loved ones are well fed. During the grieving process, it is not uncommon for people to let their nutrition slide or to skip meals altogether. Send your loved ones a delicious meal from Spoonful of Comfort, which includes delivery of soup, cookies, and rolls, as well as a personalized note card and a ladle for serving. Check out our Sympathy Soup Gift Baskets today, and get more inspiration for appropriate sympathy gifts on the Spoonful of Comfort blog.
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Generous donation of Scottish timber means Nelson's flagship, HMS Victory, will fight on
Timber donated from three Scottish estates will help to preserve HMS Victory for future generations
Timber has long been a vital backbone for shipbuilding and famously HMS Victory was built from over 5,500 oak trees, 250 years ago. It even inspired the Royal Navy's anthem Hearts of Oak. That strong tradition will now continue with a generous donation of timber from three estates in Aberdeenshire that will ensure that the ship survives for the foreseeable future.
The timber, from eleven elm trees and ten oak trees, is due to be felled shortly and embark on its long journey south. In the 250th year of her launch in 1767, HMS Victory is in the midst of a 15 year conservation project and in need of the very best quality materials to ensure she survives a further 250 years.
Three estates are kindly donating the timber; the Dunecht Estate, the Haddo Estate and the MacRobert Trust Estate.
The owner of the Dunecht Estate, the Hon. Charles Pearson, is a self-confessed and dedicated fan of HMS Victory. He is donating ten oaks and four elm trees.
Recent timber research on HMS Victory has concluded oak, the original material the ship was built in, is the appropriate timber to use for her general future conservation.
Andrew Baines explains: "Currently the ship comprises a variety of hardwoods from years of maintenance. The return to oak is much welcomed. It demonstrates the serious archaeological research we are undertaking about the ship's composition, from timber to paint analysis and our commitment to ensure she remains sustainable for centuries to come.
"Interestingly we understand that some 30% of the fleet at the Battle of Trafalgar hailed from Scotland so it feels entirely appropriate that timber from these estates should be playing such a big part in her future security."
The remaining two estates are kindly donating elm. The Haddo Estate, owned by Lord Aberdeen, is donating five elm trees. Rear Admiral Christopher Hockley representing the MacRobert Trust Estate is donating two elms. This timber is valuable for the future maintenance of the ship's structure below the waterline. Her keel in particular, made of elm and one of the oldest surviving parts of the ship, is a highly significant feature needing a strong programme of care given its exposed position in the dry dock.
"The quantity of elm donated by all three estates will serve as an important resource for this area in the future. Those elms which may not be suited to the particular size and shape of the keel can be made into new gun-carriages."
Once felled, the timber will be transported to the Whitney sawmill in Hereford where it will be inspected and sawed to specific dimensions appropriate for use onboard the ship. The oak is likely to become planking and the elm is to remain in large blocks needed for the keel.
The timber will then be transferred to Portsmouth where it will be seasoned, so it can be dry and strong when used. This process could take as long as four years. The longer the oak is seasoned, the stronger it becomes.
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A crowbar, also be known as a pry bar, wrecking bar, gorilla bar or pinch bar, is a metal bar tool that has flatted points at each end, often with a small fissure to help remove nails or prise two materials or objects apart. One end of the bar is curved into a hook shape, which is a first-class lever and is usually the end most commonly used, and the straighter flat end is a second-class lever. (It is commonly believed this hooked end is where the tool gets its name from, as it resembles the beak of a crow.)
Crowbars are usually made from medium carbon steel to offer sustained strength and durability, but can also be made from titanium, which creates a lighter tool. They are forged from long steel products, such as rods and rails, and commonly have either cylindrical or hexagonal shapes to their bodies.
Our range of crowbars features products from industry leading brands, such as Bahco, GearWrench and RS PRO, and has tools ranging from 200mm to 1000mm or 8in to 48in.
The simplicity of a crowbar allows it to be considered a very versatile tool, enabling a wide range of work to be performed across multiple industries and their varied environments. The most common applications for crowbars are prising open nailed wooden crates, separating materials, such as boards, and can sometimes be used to remove nails from wooden surfaces.
Crowbars can be used in a vast multitude of projects that require a tool that can help exact leverage to separate materials, such as opening crates and pallet breaking in warehousing. They are also used commonly in renovation projects, used to remove panelling or lift flooring boards.
You might expect to see crowbars being used by any of the following industries: