How Many Languages Can Prince William Speak?
Learning a foreign language is part of the royal family's protocol. However, some of the queen's family members are more fluent than others. Not to mention: A few of them know up to five languages. How many languages can Prince William speak? Find out, plus the one language he must know before becoming the British heir, ahead.
How many languages can Prince William speak?
Prince William
Prince William | PAUL ELLIS/AFP/Getty Images
The future king is quite the linguist. Apparently, Prince William can speak five languages, including English. Take a closer look at his linguistic proficiency, below.
French is one language many members of the royal family, including Prince William, have mastered. According to reports, the future heir to the British throne can speak French with ease.
Africa holds a lot of memories for Prince William. So, it comes of no surprise that the Duke of Cambridge can speak a little Swahili. The language can be heard throughout several African countries, including Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda, and Tanzania.
As the future Prince of Wales, Prince William must learn enough Welsh to converse with those fluent in the language. It's unclear how fluent he is in Welsh, but the Duke of Cambridge can speak the language.
In preparation for becoming Prince of Wales, Prince Charles also learned Welsh as a young boy. While he's not fluent, he allegedly knows enough to get by.
In addition to Welsh, Prince William also knows a little Gaelic. His Royal Highness likely speaks the language — or phrases — while visiting parts of Northern Ireland and Scotland. Prince Charles can also speak Gaelic.
What languages do other members of the royal family speak?
Prince William isn't the only one with impressive linguistic skills. In addition to the Duke of Cambridge, several members of the royal family can speak foreign languages and are even fluent in some. Here are all the languages spoken by the British royal family.
Prince William knows French, but he's not the only one. His great-grandmother, Queen Elizabeth is fluent in the language and learned as a young girl (her tutor and governess, Marion Crawford likely taught her). Like his wife, Prince Philip can also speak French — and so can their children. Prince Charles, Prince Andrew, Prince Edward, and Princess Anne all speak French.
Apparently, Meghan Markle also knows a little French, but her fluency is unclear.
German isn't the most popular foreign language in the royal family, but Prince Philip is fluent in it. According to reports, the Duke of Edinburgh grew up speaking the language, as it was one of the languages spoken by his family members.
Prince George and Princess Charlotte are currently learning the second most spoken language in the world, Spanish in school. In addition, their Spanish-speaking nanny, Maria Turrion Borrallo helps tutor them.
One member of the royal family knows a little Tagalog, aka the language of the Philippines. While visiting Edinburgh with Prince Harry, Meghan Markle was overheard saying "Salamat Po," which means "thank you" in the foreign language. It's likely that the Duchess of Sussex might only know a few words and phrases in Tagalog.
Some royals even speak Russian. Prince Michael of Kent and his wife, Princess Michael both know the foreign language.
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text:
I have no idea what a locus means so
The complex number u is given by u=(7+4i)/(3-2i). In the form x+yi, x=i, y=2
Sketch and argand diagram showing the point representing the complex number u. Show on the same diagram the locus of the complex number z such that [z-u]=2. Give a thorough description would be good.
Find the greatest value of argument. Urgent.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
A wharf or quay (pron.: //, US also // or //) is a structure on the shore of a harbor or on the bank of a river or canal where ships may dock to load and unload cargo or passengers. Such a structure includes one or more berths (mooring locations), and may also include piers, warehouses, or other facilities necessary for handling the ships.
A wharf commonly comprises a fixed platform, often on pilings. Commercial ports may have warehouses that serve as interim storage areas, since the typical objective is to unload and reload vessels as quickly as possible. Where capacity is sufficient a single wharf with a single berth constructed along the land adjacent to the water is normally used; where there is a need for more capacity multiple wharves, or perhaps a single large wharf with multiple berths, will instead be constructed, sometimes projecting into the water. A pier, raised over the water rather than within it, is commonly used for cases where the weight or volume of cargos will be low.
Smaller and more modern wharves are sometimes built on flotation devices (pontoons) to keep them at the same level as the ship, even during changing tides.
In everyday parlance the term quay is common in the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and many other Commonwealth countries, and the Republic of Ireland, whereas the term wharf is more common in the United States. In some contexts wharf and quay may be used to mean pier, berth, or jetty.
King Henry's Wharves, typical London wharves converted to apartments
Wharf by Marriott/Pacquereau Bay on St. Thomas
The word wharf comes from the Old English hwearf, meaning "bank" or "shore", and its plural is either wharfs or wharves; collectively a group of these is referred to as a wharfing or wharfage. "Wharfage" also refers to a fee charged by ports for the cargo handled there.
In the northeast and east of England the term staithe or staith (from the Norse for landing stage) is also used. For example Dunston Staiths in Gateshead and Brancaster Staithe in Norfolk. However, the term staithe may also be used to refer only to loading chutes or ramps used for bulk commodities like coal in loading ships and barges. It has been suggested that wharf actually is an acronym for ware-house at river front,but it is actually a backronym created by Thames river boat guides.
Another explanation may be that the word wharf comes from the Dutch word "werf" which means "yard", an outdoor place where work is done, like a shipyard or a lumberyard.
See also
|Look up wharf in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.|
- "Quay - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary". Merriam-webster.com. 2012-08-31. Retrieved 2012-10-19.
- "Quay". American Heritage Dictionary/Dictionary.com. Retrieved 8 Feb 2010.
"Wharf". American Heritage Dictionary/Dictionary.com. Retrieved 8 Feb 2010.
- Craig, Charles; Diprose, Graham; Seaborne, Mike (2009). London's Changing Riverscape. London: Frances Lincoln Ltd. ISBN 978-0-7112-2941-9.
- "Chav... [page 4]". London-se1.co.uk. Retrieved 2012-10-19.
- "Word wharf meaning. Word wharf definition. Free crossword dictionary". Wordnavigator.com. Retrieved 2012-10-19.


text:
A Tingling Sensation In The Abdomen And Thighs When Exercising With Weights?
Hello, I want to ask you.rnWhy do my stomach and thighs have a tickling sensation when I do sports movements that use weights?rnrnPlease enlighten me, thanks!
Sport is one part of efforts to maintain health. Exercise using your own weight has a variety of goals ranging from maintaining fitness to increasing muscle strength.
What you are experiencing could be caused by uncomfortable clothes. Uncomfortable clothing can cause discomfort ranging from tingling to possibly painful during exercise.
In addition, because you practice using weights, it could be that an incorrect position or method can also be a trigger, causing the activities you are doing to be inappropriate with your body's physiology, causing discomfort.
Since you're using weights in your workout, make sure you warm up enough to start adding more intensity to your workout. Otherwise, your body will have difficulty keeping up with the weight and intensity of your workout, causing the discomfort you experience.
It's a good idea to learn the procedures for training with weights well before starting the exercise or learning from a trained trainer. This is useful so that your exercise is effective and reduces the risk of injury.
I hope this helps.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Variable mm6 : How many of these sisters ever reached age 15?
Type: Continuous
Format: numeric
Width: 8
Decimal(s): 0
Range: 0-98
Invalid: 98
Valid case(s): 22770
Invalid: 13803
Minimum: 0
Maximum: 13
Mean: 2.4
Standard deviation: 1.5
File: hl
De jure household members (usual residents)
Source of information
Head of household or other responsible household member
Value Category
98 Don't know
Literal question
How many of these sisters have survive at the age of 15 and above (including those died after their 15th birthday)?
Interviewer instructions
Record the number of sisters who reached age 15 in the spaces provided, this may include sisters who are alive now and who have died at some point after reaching their 5th birthday.


text:
The soap note templates are extensively used in the medical fields. The templates have been fabricated attempting to know about the health of patients dealt with, their present condition, list of activities that they can schedule in their routine etc. Download the sticky note templates as they come in easy accessible word, excel format.
These Soap Note Templates more or less serve as prescriptions. You will be availed with a number of samples each sculpted with a range of background and examples. Print these and save labor and your worthy time. These templates also make the patients aware of their health and the essential know how. You may like therapy notes templates.
Soap Note Template Word
The Soap Note Template Word has been really necessary for the people to set up better format and layout to have the proper structure of the forms to be framed. It is necessary that the person must include allotted important details like the history of the patient, requirement of medical aids, symptoms and also record the routine of activities time to time.You may also see delivery note templates
Sample Soap Note Format
The most common use of the soap notes is in the field of the medicals. It helps to note down the history of the patient, there daily routine, what activities they can play in their daily routine and symptoms they underwent. The Sample Soap Note Format template helps to have a proper guidance of the things which are to be included in the format of writing.You may also see Progress Notes Templates
Soap Note Template Free
The template is specially designed to include the important details of the medical history of the client. The template can be resourceful to set up various questions that are to be framed while forming up the soap Note which will include the important things like medical history, routine and activities of the person.You may also see doctors note samples
Why need a Soap Note Format Template?
A soap Note format is necessary to decide the best layout and key points that are to be included in the form. The soap Note format template helps to have the proper design and structure of the form and they also must include the proper details of the medical residents and history of the patient. You can also see Progress Notes Templates.
It must include the current status of the patient and the plan to recover the patients, time taken and all the important facts that must be jotted down in order to have the layout of the note to be written.You may also see thank-you notes for meeting
Soap Note Template Form
The Soap Note Template Form helps to design a proper layout of the form which must be including the history of the patient and the various day to day activities being done. It must carry the proper health report of the person with proper detailing of the symptoms that are being put forward.You may also see consignment notes
Blank Soap Note Template
Example of Soap Note Template
When Does one Need a Soap Note Format Template?
Writing something descriptive or something which is new to you requires a lot of extra work and research to be done same is with their case of soap Note. One can easily write a descriptive soap Note format the proper medical resent of the patients. They must include the current status of the patient and the care which is to be taken.You may also see briefing notes.
The form must include all the details properly from the name to the related medical history in order to provide the correct layout to the form which can be done easily with the help of soap Note format template.You may also see musical note templates
Patient Soap Note Template
Prenatal Soap Note Template
Psychiatry Soap Note Template
Benefits of Having Soap Note Format Template
1. Soap Note format is descriptive about the medical ailments of the person.You may also see handover note templates
2. One can easily look for the soap Note format template which can help to form a better structure of the form.
3. It is necessary to include the medical history of the person and to keep a track record of all the important details which are to be made.You may also see field note samples
4. Therefore having a soap Note format template would definitely help in having a proper layout and outline of the form which is necessary to keep the track record of all the details.You may also see daily note templates.
It is really helpful in forming up a perfect layout of the soap note form. Whereas one needs to have the soap Note format template which will help them to have a regular form that will create medical history records of the clients and keep a track on their day to day routine.You may also see soap note templates
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13+ Security Agreement Samples
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text:
Not common to the humid environment of the Fraser Valley, the soapberry was a staple import for the Stó:lō people from the Thompson people of the Interior. These berries were traded as berry cakes, dried, or in the raw form.
Soapberries are used to create Indian ice cream, a mixture of whipped soapberries, water, and a sweetener. The sweetening agent is typically made from other berries, blue camas or refined sugars. The process of making the ice cream is similar to whipping egg whites, and the final Indian ice cream has very similar qualities.


text:
Have you already re-assigned your sub attribute names to better describe what is physically happening in your facility but you would like to run the new cannabis cultivation tracking functionality?
The New Cultivation Tracking requires several plant categories and sub inventory attributes to be in place in order to track each step of the cultivation process. Without them, it won't know where you want your information to show up. Maybe you have never assigned any sub attributes or categories? Maybe you have and the functions and names of those sub attribute don't match what is needed by Adilas's new Cultivation Tracking? Or maybe you like the names and functionality of the sub attributes you have in place and don't want them to change?
No Problem, we have you covered:
Our new Cultivation Settings Page can help!
Here's how you do it:
- From the Cultivation Homepage, Click the Start Button.
- Click the gear at the top left of the Plant Batch form.
- Here is the tool that will let you MAP your attributes.
- You will need a category for Vendors, Phases, and Harvests.
- You will also need Sub Inventory Attributes for Mother Id, Plant Origin, Plant Batch Number, Wet Weight, Bud/Flower Batch Number, and Leaf/Trim Batch Number. This tool will help you get them.
- If you have never mapped any attributes, click the "Start" Button.
- The software will now take you through each piece one by one.
- First assign the Vendor Category you want assigned from the pulldown menu. Once you have selected one, it will show your selection in green at the top of the page.
- Next Select Phase Categories and Harvest Categories from the menus when prompted. Your selections for each of those categories will be displayed as well.
- Now pick a category from the Plant Category menu. When a category is selected, the corresponding Sub Inventory Attributes will be displayed to the right if you have created any. If you have not, a link to the "Sub Inventory Template Homepage" with be displayed. You may select a different category, or create some new attributes for the selected category by noting if it requires a Numeric or Text Based Sub-Attribute and then clicking on the link to the "Sub Inventory Template Homepage" to create a new sub inventory attribute.
- A new tab will open so you won't lose your place. Next, select the category you would like to
assign new attributes to and click the edit button.
- Write in the name for your new attribute, pick the attribute type if it is a "Text" type attribute or enter a default value (usually zero) if it is a "Numeric" type, then click the "Update Template Settings" Button. NOTE: You will want at least two "Text" type attributes and two "Numeric" type attributes for the "Plant Category"
- Click the "Cannabis Defaults" Tab at the top of the screen to view the Mapping page and re-select the desired category. Now your new attributes will show up to be selected.
- The available sub attributes will be displayed one at a time to assign to the "Plant Mother Id", "Plant Origin", "Plant Batch Number" and "Plant Wet Weight".
- Once assigned, you will be prompted to choose a Bud/Flower Category and sub attribute, and lastly a Leaf/Trim Category and sub attribute.
Finally, click the "Submit" button to map your attributes. You will then be automatically directed back to the plant batch page to start using the new cultivation functionality.
If you have previously mapped sub inventory attributes but would like to swap them out:
- From the "Cannabis Defaults page", click the "Revise" button.
- All of your category and sub inventory attribute assignments will be displayed at the top of the page along with all of the available categories, and the sub inventory attributes will be displayed below. Select each category or sub attribute you would like to swap out and then click the "Submit button" when done.
At the end of the post there are a couple short videos that also explain how to set or edit the cultivation homepage settings.


text:
This WP examines the impact of the pandemic on Antarctic researchers and decision-makers, drawing on results from a survey as well as relevant impacts-related literature.
- What are the impacts of COVID-19 on Antarctic researchers and anyone contributing to Antarctic research?
- How do the impacts vary according to demographic?
- What do researchers need? What strategies have been, or could be adopted, to meet those needs?
Ilan Kelman (Co-Lead)
Cristian Lorenzo (Co-Lead)
Jennifer Pickett (Co-Lead)
Yelena Yermakova (Co-Lead)
Won Sang Lee
Pedro Marques Quinteiro
Kelman, I. (2021). "Profiles of Norwegian Science: COVID-19 affecting Antarctic research". The Norwegian American, 18 June 2021.
Lorenzo, C., D. Liggett, B. Frame, A. Herbert, I. Kelman, J. Pickett, & Y. Yermakova (2020). "Antarctica and the COVID-19 pandemic. Taking a Social Sciences and Humanities perspective." Environment Coastal & Offshore (ECO).
Liggett, D. et al. "Antarctic research at a time of crisis: The impact of COVID-19 on the Antarctic research community." Abstract submitted to the 2021 New Zealand Antarctic Science Conference.
The results from the 2020 community survey can be accessed in the pdf Final Report (1.57 MB).


text: Ultratrend data management software (DMS) now includes patented method of calculating and reporting greenhouse gas emissions from leak survey. DMS can create reports that provide, along with compressed air leak information, breakdown of gases such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide, and sulphur dioxide. Greenhouse gas data measurements are based on state electricity profiles by Energy Information Admin.; Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternative Fuels; and U.S. Dept. of Energy. Report offers detailed monthly survey of data, and global annualized summary of leak volume and potential cost savings.


text:
now, so you can ignore the second set of holes.
9. Attach the camera mount to the back of the monitor (top, centered) using some double sided foam tape.
10. Repeat steps 7-9 for the second webcam.
11. Run all the wires along the side and back of the inside of the main box and out the back hole, taping things down as needed to make it look nicer and cleaner.
Step 5: Making Poppets
1. Using one of the scrap acrylic pieces from the light box, laser cut the poppet base squares (poppet_base.ai). Using the other scrap acrylic, laser cut the poppet character outlines (poppet_chars.ai).
2. Print out the characters (02_stickers_sm.jpg) on the clear sticker sheet.
3. Roughly cut out the characters (so there's plenty of excess sticky) and attach them to the appropriate acrylic characters, trying your best to line up the edges of the drawing with the edges of the acrylic.
4. Flip it over and use an x-acto knife to trim off the excess sticker sheet on the edges.
5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 for the back side of the characters as well.
6. Print out the fiducial markers (01_markers_sm.jpg) on the clear sticker paper. (These are the same markers included with reactivision, just scaled down to poppet size and arranged to be printed on the stickers)
7. Roughly cut out the fiducial markers and align them to the square bases. I included the small text on the bottom so I would know what the ID of each marker was. Trim off the excess after its attached.
8. Attach the characters to their bases using some acrylic cement.
Step 6: Setting Up The Software
1. Turn on the lightbox lights and calibrate reactivision to account for the camera distortion by using the rectangular calibration pdf included in reactivision. I scaled it down so it was about 8 inches wide when printed. Follow the directions on the reactivision site.
2. Calibrate the camera in reactivision by pressing O. Place a fiducial marker on the surface and adjust the brightness, contrast, etc until reactivision is able to detect the ID of the marker. (It will display the number it thinks it is in blue). After everything is set up in reactivision I turn off the image by pressing N to save some CPU power. (Pressing T brings it back).
3. Open my poppet Osculator file (0327_markers). When a marker is detected in reactivision the corresponding line in Osculator will have a green box next to it. I recommend paying for Osculator because the unregistered version pops up a message occasionally that cuts off the communication temporarily, which is annoying.
4. Install the NETLab Toolkit and HUB according to the directions on the NETLab Toolkit site.
5. Launch the HUB app first (making sure you checked the Run in 32 bit mode as mentioned in the install instructions!), and minimize it. It just needs to run in the background for the Flash app to communicate to Osculator.
6. Open the Flash file (0327_poppet.fla) and run the app. If everything is working properly you should see an animation appear when a fiducial marker is detected. Move this window to the top side of your screen.
7. Do the same thing on the second computer.
8. Open up iChat and start a video chat with the second computer. Make sure the right camera is selected (should be logitech, not unibrain). Hide the local video and move the window to the other side of the screen (not overlapping with the flash window).
Step 7: Setting up CamTwist
1. Open up CamTwist. Go to Preferences > General. Change the video size to 640 x 480 and check "Disable QuickTime Component." Disabling Quicktime Component really helps keep CamTwist from eating too much CPU and freezing up. Restart CamTwist for the changes to take effect.
2. Double click "Slide Show" to set a still image as the base layer. Drag the bg image (background.jpg) into the settings box.
3. Go to Tools > Full Screen > Acer to select the second monitor and see what you're doing.
4. In the video source list single click Webcam and press the PIP button at the bottom.
5. In Webcam Settings, make sure it's selected the Logitech cam.
6. In PIP Settings drag the Scale slider all the way to the right. so the image fills the screen. Check the Chroma Key box. Drag Threshold slider all the way to the right.
7. Click on the colored (most likely white at first) bar between Chroma Key and Threshold to bring up the color picker. Use the magnifying glass tool to select the greyish background in the webcam view. You'll have to play around with the slider on the right to get the right shade of grey for a clean chroma key. It helps if you have something in the box while doing this.
8. Go back to Video Source and click Desktop and click PIP again. In Desktop Settings uncheck "Full screen" but make sure "Resizable selection" is still checked.
9. Press "Select Capture Area" and a rectangle with square handles will appear. Drag it to the running flash app and press "Done Selecting"
10. In PIP Settings, check the "Clear Background" box. Drag the Scale Slider all the way to the right. Check Chroma Key. Drag Threshold all the way to the right. And with the Chroma Key color picker select the blue background. The webcam image should now be overlaid with the animation from the flash app.
11. Repeat steps 8-10 for the webcam feed, except when you select your capture area drag it to the video chat window. And when you do the chroma key color selection you'll have to select the background of the video chat.
12. Obviously, do the same for the other computer as well.
13. If everything is working properly, congrats, you're Teleportaling!


Dictionary Results for beacon
1. beacon - noun
· a fire (usually on a hill or tower) that can be seen from a distance
Synonym(s): beacon_fire
Hypernym(s): visual_signal
2. beacon - noun
· a radio station that broadcasts a directional signal for navigational purposes
Synonym(s): radio_beacon
Hypernym(s): radio_station
3. beacon - noun
· a tower with a light that gives warning of shoals to passing ships
Synonym(s): lighthouse, beacon_light, pharos
Hypernym(s): tower
4. beacon - verb
· shine like a beacon
Hypernym(s): shine, beam
5. beacon - verb
· guide with a beacon
Hypernym(s): lead, take, direct, conduct, guide
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text:
You can use the preview pane in Windows Explorer to see the contents of most files. If you select an e‑mail message, text file, picture, or video for example, you can see a preview of its contents without opening it in a program. The preview pane is turned off by default in Windows 7.
This will show you how to turn the Preview pane off on all Windows Explorer windows in Windows 7
To Turn "Preview Pane" Off in Windows Explorer
1. Open Windows Explorer (explorer.exe).
2. On the toolbar, click on Organize and Layout. (see screenshots below)


text:
The universal forwarder
The universal forwarder is a separate Splunk Enterprise executable whose sole purpose is to send data from a host or other forwarder to a Splunk Enterprise indexer.The universal forwarder replaces the Splunk Enterprise light forwarder. Instances of full Splunk Enterprise and the universal forwarder can co-exist on the same system.
For information on deploying the universal forwarder, see "Universal forwarder deployment overview".
How universal forwarder compares to full Splunk Enterprise
The universal forwarder only forwards data. Unlike a full Splunk Enterprise instance, it cannot index or search data. To achieve higher performance and a lighter footprint, it has several limitations:
- The universal forwarder has no searching, indexing, or alerting capability.
- The universal forwarder does not parse data, except in certain cases.
- The universal forwarder does not output data via syslog.
- Unlike full Splunk Enterprise, the universal forwarder does not include a bundled version of Python.
Scripted inputs and Python
Full Splunk Enterprise comes bundled with Python. The universal forwarder does not. Therefore, if you use scripted inputs with Python and you want to use those scripts with the universal forwarder, you must first install your own version of Python. If you have been using calls specific to Splunk Python libraries, you cannot with the universal forwarder, because those libraries exist only in full Splunk Enterprise. You may use other scripting languages for scripted inputs with the universal forwarder if the target host supports them (for example, PowerShell on Windows Server.)
How universal forwarder compares to the light forwarder
The universal forwarder includes only the essential components needed to forward data to other Splunk Enterprise instances. The light forwarder, by contrast, is a full Splunk Enterprise instance, with certain features disabled to achieve a smaller resource footprint. In all respects, the universal forwarder represents a better tool for forwarding data to indexers.
When you install the universal forwarder, you can migrate from an existing light forwarder that runs version 4.0 or greater. See "Migrate from a light forwarder" for details.
Compared to the light forwarder, the universal forwarder provides a better performing solution to forwarding. These are the main performance differences between the universal forwarder and the light forwarder:
- The universal forwarder puts less load on the CPU, uses less memory, and has a smaller disk footprint.
- The universal forwarder has a default data transfer rate of 256Kbps.
- The universal forwarder cannot be converted to a full Splunk Enterprise instance.
Note: The light forwarder has been deprecated in Splunk Enterprise version 6.0. For a list of all deprecated features, see "Deprecated features" in the Release Notes.
For information on deploying the universal forwarder, see the topics that directly follow this one.
For information on third-party Windows binaries that the Windows version of the Splunk Enterprise universal forwarder ships with, read "Information on Windows third-party binaries distributed with Splunk Enterprise" in the Installation Manual.
For information about running the universal forwarder in Windows Safe Mode, read "Splunk Enterprise Architecture and Processes" in the Installation Manual.
Types of forwarders
This documentation applies to the following versions of Splunk® Enterprise: 6.3.0, 6.3.1, 6.3.2, 6.3.3, 6.3.4, 6.3.5, 6.3.6, 6.3.7, 6.3.8, 6.3.9, 6.3.10, 6.3.11, 6.3.12, 6.3.13, 6.3.14, 6.4.0


each subsequent activity launch will use the same group id. This means files to be shared for all instances of an activity must be made group-accessible.
File Access
Home Directory
Since each activity is run as a different user, it gets a different home directory on each invocation. In release 8.2, the home directory for an activity equals the $SUGAR_ACTIVITY_ROOT/instance/ directory (see below). For data such as config files to survive and be accessible by all future activity invocations, they must not be stored in $HOME but rather $SUGAR_ACTIVITY_ROOT/data/ should be used.
Hint: A trick to help porting legacy software which expects its config files to be in the home directory is to export HOME=$SUGAR_ACTIVITY_ROOT/data in an activity's launch script. --Bert
Writable Directories
All writing to the file system is restricted to subdirectories of the path given in the SUGAR_ACTIVITY_ROOT environment variable. This directory has three subdirectories with different policies:
This directory is used similar to a traditional home directory, for persistent activity data such as configuration files. Make sure files in there are group readable and writable (see users and groups). The directory itself is group-writable. Files stored here will survive reboots and OS upgrades.
This directory is used similar to a /tmp directory, being backed by RAM. It may be as small as 1 MB. This directory is deleted when the activity exits (specifically, as soon as all children of the activity's first process die). This directory is only accessible to the activity and its children; not even to Sugar.
This directory is used similar to a /var/tmp directory, being backed by flash rather than by RAM. It is unique per instance. It is used for transfer to and from the datastore (see keeping and resuming). This directory is deleted when the activity exits (specifically, as soon as all children of the activity's first process die)
As of version 8.2, all the activity root directories are created in /home/olpc/isolation and can be examined there with the Terminal activity. However, activities MUST use the $SUGAR_ACTIVITY_ROOT variable because the isolation directory layout is expected to change.
Multiple instances of an activity may communicate with one another through their shared 'data' directory; however, since each instance runs as a different user, some care must be taken (#5476) when sending messages to other activities through this shared medium.
External Media
External media (USB drives, SD cards) are auto-mounted by the Journal and appear in /media/*. No access restrictions are applied currently (up to release 8.2). If activities use these external media directly (rather than through the Journal, see mount points), they need to take care of ensuring data integrity since the user may (and will) remove the medium at any time.
An activity will have to be cryptographically signed to allow secure activity upgrades once they are on the machines. Tools for this will be provided soon. See discussion of contents.sig.
to be detailed
Permissions Declarations
Permission declarations will enumerate which special permissions (camera access? microphone access? non-Tubes network access? etc.) your activity may need for its normal operation. See and generally Bitfrost.
to be detailed
Collaboration plays a large role in Sugar. Still, the presence and sharing APIs are still somewhat rough. There are attempts to explain sharing, see Activity sharing. The following are the bare essentials.
Activities must support sharing using the Presence Service (PS). It is accessible on the D-Bus:
Service: org.laptop.Sugar.Presence
Interface: org.laptop.Sugar.Presence
Object Path: /org/laptop/Sugar/Presence
If the activity was not yet shared but the user clicked the Share button, sharing is initiated by calling ShareActivity():
activity = PS.ShareActivity(activity_id, bundle_id, name, properties)
The bundle id is used for the icon and to launch the same activity when someone joins it. The name will be shown in the mesh view and should generally be the same as the title of the datastore object (see above). The properties argument is not used currently (but see #4660) and should be an empty dictionary.
Note that sharing will be private (invitation-only) by default, that is, the icon will not be visible in the mesh. To share publicly, set the 'private' property to False:
activity.SetProperties({'private': False})
Another way of starting a shared session is by inviting a buddy from the mesh view. The Invite() method of the activity is called (see above). Then the activity should be shared privately, and the buddy must be invited using the key that was passed to Invite():
buddy = PS.GetBuddyByPublicKey(buddy_key)
activity.Invite(buddy, message)
When launching, the PS must be consulted to see if this instance was shared by someone else, meaning it was launched by the user is trying to join it:
activity = PS.GetActivityById(activity_id)
This yields an error if this instance (identified by its activity id) was not shared, in which case a regular non-shared startup should be performed. Otherwise, the activity object held by the PS is returned, and this activity instance needs to join:
It should continue by establishing a communication channel with the originating instance (see below)
To leave a shared activity (e.g. because it is closing) you need to inform the PS:
The activity object created by either sharing the current activity or joining an existing activity is used to establish means of communication between these instances. The joined XOs can be accessed to start communicating with them:
buddies = activity.GetJoinedBuddies()
To get notified of buddies joining or leaving, listen to these signals:
BuddyJoined (o: buddy)
BuddyLeft (o: buddy)
"Tubes" are the transport medium of choice on the XO, provided by the Telepathy framework. There are "D-Bus Tubes" allowing remote D-Bus calls, and "Stream Tubes" which forward sockets (similar to ssh forwarding). Tubes are collected in a "Channel", and channels are associated with a "room", one per shared activity instance.
First, get the Telepathy connection from the shared activity object:
 (tp_service, tp_connection, channels) = activity.GetChannels()
where tp_service and tp_connection is the D-Bus service name and object path for the Telepathy connection. An array of channels pre-created in the activity room is returned, too. There is at least a text chat and a tubes channel at
Service: (tp_service)
Object path: (channels[i])
Interface: 'org.freedesktop.Telepathy.Channel'
Use GetChannelType() to tell the channels apart:
if (channel.GetChannelType() == 'org.freedesktop.Telepathy.Channel.Type.Tubes')
elseif (channel.GetChannelType() == 'org.freedesktop.Telepathy.Channel.Type.Text')
Stream Tubes
A stream tube forwards a socket to a remote host (similar to ssh forwarding, but not encrypted). The activity can set up a listening socket by whatever means and then create a tube to forward it:
tube_id = channel.OfferStreamTube( # sa{sv}uvuv -> u
 'service-name', # well-known TCP service name conforming to RFC 2782, see [1]
 {}, # dict of params
 2, # socket type (0=Unix, 2=IPv4, 3=IPv6)
 ('', 12345), # socket address (depends on type)
 0, 0) # access control & params
You can forward Unix, IPv4, or IPv6 sockets. Access control is restricted to localhost by default.
New tubes are announced by a signal:
NewTube ( u: tube_id, u: initiator, u: type, s: service, a{sv}: parameters, u: state )
and you can list all available tubes:
tubes = channel.ListTubes() # -> a(uuusa{sv}u), same as in NewTube signal
To connect to a tube:
address = channel.AcceptStreamTube( # uuuv -> v
 2, # socket type to return (0=Unix, 2=IPv4, 3=IPv6)
 0, 0) # access control & params
which returns an address struct of the specified type, e.g., ('', 45679). Then just connect a socket to that address and you are ready to share data.
D-Bus Tubes
to be continued. In the mean time, see olpc:Presence Service D-Bus API and Tubes


Your internet guide to
all things catfish
Brackish Water Catfish
Dr. Neale Monks
Neale Monks is editor and senior author of Brackish Water Fishes, published by TFH and due out this summer (2006). He is the brackish water 'expert' in Practical Fishkeeping Magazine, and has been maintaining a popular FAQ on the topic for over 10 years.
The Salt-allergy Myth
ne of the most persistent myths in fishkeeping is that catfish are allergic to salt. The rationalisation behind this is that because catfish lack scales (which is true) they are much more sensitive to the osmotic effect of brackish water (which is nonsense). Consider this: moray eels also lack scales, yet virtually all of them live in the sea, with only a handful being found in brackish or fresh water.
The ability of a fish to control the flow of salts and water in and out of its body depends not on whether it has scales or not, but on its overall physiology. This, in turn, depends on the how evolution has modified that species to fit into a particular environment. Catfish adapted to soft water habitats, for example, are indeed unlikely to to do well in a brackish water aquarium, but the same holds true for all the other soft water aquarium fish, such as barbs, tetras, loaches, gouramis, and so on. What might come as a surprise to many catfish enthusiasts is that there are lots of catfish adapted to brackish water environments, and there are two families that are primarily marine in distribution, containing relatively few species that inhabit completely freshwater environments. These are the families Ariidae and Plotosidae, known as the sea catfish and eel catfish respectively. A few other families, including the Aspredinidae, Bagridae, Clariidae, Ictaluridae, Siluridae, and Loricariidae, include species that either tolerate brackish water or are found primarily in brackish water, further shattering the myth of catfish as being allergic to salt.
Brackish water plecs
Easily the question I get asked most often is whether or not plecs can be kept in a brackish water aquarium. The short answer is probably not, but the long answer is a much more complex than that.
To begin with, there are species of loricariid catfish that are apparently adapted to slightly brackish water habitats. In aquaristic terms, that would correspond to a specific gravity, or SG, of around 1.003 to 1.005. Hypostomus ventromaculatus is one such species, being found primarily in the Amazon estuary and according to FishBase only within the tidal, brackish water region of the river. Another species, Hypostomus watwata, is also common in slightly brackish environments, even being found living among mangrove tree roots. While these fish sound like ideal additions to a low-salinity brackish aquarium alongside things like mollies, gobies, and dwarf cichlids, the problem is that they are not traded much, if at all
Hypostomus plecostomus
Hypostomus plecostomus
is another species known to inhabit slightly brackish water, though in this case such observations have often been made outside of its natural range. In Florida, for example, where this fish has become widely established, it is quite commonly found in slightly brackish water.
Of course the main problem with using this species in the brackish water aquarium is that while the name Hypostomus plecostomus is commonly used in aquarium books and magazines to refer to the standard issue, common or garden plec, it is hardly ever the species available for sale. You are far more likely to find species of Liposarcus or Pterygoblichthys masquerading as "common plecs" in most aquarium stores.
Freshwater catfish that occur in brackish water
A number of catfish families include species that tolerate brackish water even if they don't need it. Siluris glanis, for example, one of the Siluridae, is normally found in freshwater rivers but can also be the slightly brackish water fringing the Baltic and Caspian seas. The same holds true for various species of clariid and ictaluriid catfish. These fish probably don't have any specific adaptations to brackish water, it's just that they are incredibly hardy and tolerant of sub-optimal conditions. Ictalurus punctatus in particular thrives in low salinity brackish water aquaria, though its large adult size and predatory nature do limit its usefulness.
Brackish water specialists
Mystus gulio
Catfish that tolerate brackish water are one thing, but species that actually prefer brackish water conditions are something else. Mystus gulio is one such species. It is a large bagrid catfish known in its natural range (South and South East Asia) as the estuarine catfish, a good indication of its preferred habitat. It is large (45 cm), silvery, schooling catfish that has only rarely been traded as an aquarium fish. Superficially similar in form and habit to the popular Colombian shark catfish (discussed below) it contrasts with that species in requiring slightly rather than strongly brackish water. It is adaptable though, and is common in completely freshwater rivers, and is even sometimes found in the sea. Nonetheless, for optimal health, this fish should be kept in slightly brackish water around the SG 1.005 mark. While not recommended for use alongside scats or monos, which prefer more strongly brackish conditions, this would be a fine companion for large sleeper gobies, green chromides, Siamese tigers (Datnioides spp.), and other large but peaceful, low salinity, brackish water fish.
It should be noted that Mystus gulio is unique among Mystus species in being a brackish water specialist; most of the other Mystus species sold as aquarium fish are strictly freshwater animals and should be maintained accordingly.
Bunocephalus coracoideus
Another group of catfish primarily associated with freshwater habitats but including a few brackish water specialists are the banjo catfish. The small species, like the ever-popular Bunocephalus coracoideus, are entirely freshwater fish, but it is the larger ones, such as Aspredinichthys, Aspredo, and Platystacus spp., that are the brackish water specialists.
These big banjos typically grow to around 20 to 30 cm, but are otherwise very similar to the dwarf species in terms of habits and requirements. In the wild they are normally found in coastal regions, though not always in brackish water, but they are not found in the sea. Like Mystus gulio, a low salinity suits them best, although they can be maintained in freshwater aquaria too, provided the water is not too soft or acid.
Marine catfish
When it comes to salty water, two catfish families stand out: the Ariidae and the Plotosidae. The Ariidae is perhaps the best known to freshwater fishkeepers, with one species, Hexanematichthys seemanni, being very Hexanematichthys seemanni
widely sold as the Colombian shark catfish. This is a large family (around 120 species) with representatives to be found along the coastlines of all the continents except Europe and Antarctica. Australia has a number of species that have secondarily become truly freshwater fish, presumably in the absence of competition from other catfish families, but ariids are otherwise completely marine animals that only migrate into rivers when foraging for food. The Colombian shark catfish, for example, while sold as a brackish water fish, is best kept in a marine aquarium.
The Plotosidae are a smaller family (around 30 species are known) that are confined to the Indo-West Pacific. Oddly enough, most of them are strictly freshwater fish found in Australia and New Guinea, where they are known locally as "cobblers" or "tandans". Nonetheless, there's no question that the family evolved in the sea, and many of them still live there. Like the Australian freshwater ariids, the freshwater plotosids have presumably radiated to occupy the ecological niches in Australia and New Guinea that 'true' freshwater catfish occupy elsewhere.
Plotosus lineatus
Only a single species of plotosid has had had any impact on the hobby (outside of Australia, at least), Plotosus lineatus. Normally the neatly-marked juveniles are sold as a marine fish, but since the adults are 30 cm long and rather drab by comparison with most other ornamental marine fish, they haven't become at all popular. While they can be maintained in marine aquaria, they will do equally well in midto high-salinity brackish water tanks where the specific gravity is maintained at 1.010 or more.
Adults in particular seem to be very accommodating, and have even been found in completely fresh water. Plotosus lineatus is a schooling fish when young, but adults are territorial are usually end up being kept alone. They are predators, but will mix fine with fishes too large to eat, such as scats.
Just as catfish manage to span the range of ecological niches from herbivores to predators, from cold mountain streams to tropical swamps, so


New Jersey Employment Lawyer Blog
Published on:
New York Passes Wage Theft Protection Act
On December 13, 2010, New York State Governor David A. Paterson signed the Wage Theft Prevention Act ("WTPA") into law. The WTPA is intended to help protect employees working in New York against violations of their wage and hour law rights.
The WTPA requires employers to provide information to employees about how they are being paid. For example, employers must notify employees, in writing, of:
 1. Their rate and basis for their pay, such as whether they are paid by the hour, shift, day, week, salary, piece, commission, or otherwise;
 2. Any allowances the employer claims as part of the employee's minimum wage, such as tip, meal, or lodging allowances; and
 3. Their overtime rate, number of regular hours worked, and number of overtime hours worked for employees who are not exempt from overtime.
Thumbnail image for Workplace Theft Protection Act Signed Into Law By Governor Paterson.jpgemployment law rights.
Contact Information


finds the peak value from each sensor in 1 minute event time windows, and producing a stream of Tuples containing (key, end-of-window-timestamp, max_value).
ProcessWindowFunction Example #
DataStream input =...
 .keyBy(x -> x.key)
 .process(new MyWastefulMax());
public static class MyWastefulMax extends ProcessWindowFunction<
 SensorReading, // input type
 Tuple3, // output type
 String, // key type
 TimeWindow> { // window type
 public void process(
 String key,
 Context context,
 Iterable events,
 Collector> out) {
 int max = 0;
 for (SensorReading event : events) {
 max = Math.max(event.value, max);
 out.collect(Tuple3.of(key, context.window().getEnd(), max));
A couple of things to note in this implementation:
 - All of the events assigned to the window have to be buffered in keyed Flink state until the window is triggered. This is potentially quite expensive.
 - Our ProcessWindowFunction is being passed a Context object which contains information about the window. Its interface looks like this:
public abstract class Context implements {
 public abstract W window();
 public abstract long currentProcessingTime();
 public abstract long currentWatermark();
 public abstract KeyedStateStore windowState();
 public abstract KeyedStateStore globalState();
windowState and globalState are places where you can store per-key, per-window, or global per-key information for all windows of that key. This might be useful, for example, if you want to record something about the current window and use that when processing a subsequent window.
Incremental Aggregation Example #
DataStream input =...
 .keyBy(x -> x.key)
 .reduce(new MyReducingMax(), new MyWindowFunction());
private static class MyReducingMax implements ReduceFunction {
 public SensorReading reduce(SensorReading r1, SensorReading r2) {
 return r1.value() > r2.value()? r1 : r2;
private static class MyWindowFunction extends ProcessWindowFunction<
 SensorReading, Tuple3, String, TimeWindow> {
 public void process(
 String key,
 Context context,
 Iterable maxReading,
 Collector> out) {
 SensorReading max = maxReading.iterator().next();
Notice that the Iterable will contain exactly one reading – the pre-aggregated maximum computed by MyReducingMax.
Late Events #
By default, when using event time windows, late events are dropped. There are two optional parts of the window API that give you more control over this.
You can arrange for the events that would be dropped to be collected to an alternate output stream instead, using a mechanism called Side Outputs. Here is an example of what that might look like:
OutputTag lateTag = new OutputTag("late"){};
SingleOutputStreamOperator result = stream.
DataStream lateStream = result.getSideOutput(lateTag);
You can also specify an interval of allowed lateness during which the late events will continue to be assigned to the appropriate window(s) (whose state will have been retained). By default each late event will cause the window function to be called again (sometimes called a late firing).
By default the allowed lateness is 0. In other words, elements behind the watermark are dropped (or sent to the side output).
For example:
When the allowed lateness is greater than zero, only those events that are so late that they would be dropped are sent to the side output (if it has been configured).
Surprises #
Some aspects of Flink's windowing API may not behave in the way you would expect. Based on frequently asked questions on the flink-user mailing list and elsewhere, here are some facts about windows that may surprise you.
Sliding Windows Make Copies #
Sliding window assigners can create lots of window objects, and will copy each event into every relevant window. For example, if you have sliding windows every 15 minutes that are 24-hours in length, each event will be copied into 4 * 24 = 96 windows.
Time Windows are Aligned to the Epoch #
Just because you are using hour-long processing-time windows and start your application running at 12:05 does not mean that the first window will close at 1:05. The first window will be 55 minutes long and close at 1:00.
Note, however, that the tumbling and sliding window assigners take an optional offset parameter that can be used to change the alignment of the windows. See Tumbling Windows and Sliding Windows for details.
Windows Can Follow Windows #
For example, it works to do this:
 .keyBy(t -> t.key)
 .window()
 .reduce()
 .windowAll()
 .reduce();
You might expect Flink's runtime to be smart enough to do this parallel pre-aggregation for you (provided you are using a ReduceFunction or AggregateFunction), but it's not.
The reason why this works is that the events produced by a time window are assigned timestamps based on the time at the end of the window. So, for example, all of the events produced by an hour-long window will have timestamps marking the end of an hour. Any subsequent window consuming those events should have a duration that is the same as, or a multiple of, the previous window.
No Results for Empty TimeWindows #
Windows are only created when events are assigned to them. So if there are no events in a given time frame, no results will be reported.
Late Events Can Cause Late Merges #
Session windows are based on an abstraction of windows that can merge. Each element is initially assigned to a new window, after which windows are merged whenever the gap between them is small enough. In this way, a late event can bridge the gap separating two previously separate sessions, producing a late merge.
Back to top
Hands-on #
The hands-on exercise that goes with this section is the Hourly Tips Exercise.
Further Reading #
Back to top


text:
We report on the simulation and characterisation of compound phase-shifted fiber Bragg structures for use as novel in-fiber magneto-optical point sensors. Through simulation we show that the Faraday rotation spectra of phase-shifted gratings can be tailored by tuning the ratio of substructure lengths. A design process for tailoring the magneto-optical spectrum is illustrated, and it is shown that a general optimum structure exists for producing a region of total reflection incorporating magneto-optical Faraday rotation that is enhanced both in strength and spectral width. A practical optical fiber system that exploits the proposed distributed feedback (DFB) structures to enable novel all-fiber sensors for the dual measurement of magnetic field strength and temperature is described in detail, and the sensor response is simulated. The study is supported by laboratory fabrication of the proposed fiber DFB structures which demonstrates the principle of enhancement in terms of tailored group delay spectra and highlights practical issues for sensor packaging.
© 2010 IEEEPDF Article


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dc.contributor.authorPierre, Darren Eric
dc.description.abstractFew studies have been conducted looking at the experiences of graduate students within student affairs/higher education administration program. The purpose of this study was to investigate the coming out experiences of gay men in student affairs/higher education administration programs. The study was conducted with 11 participants, representing seven different student affairs/higher education programs across the United States. The study was intended to answer the following research questions: 1) How do gay men talk about their coming out experience when it occurs during their student affairs preparation program? 2) What environmental factors impact gay men's coming out experiences? 3) What connections do gay men make between the graduate preparation program and the coming out process? Each of the participants took part in two in-depth interviews. The first interview was a life-history interview. The second interview focused primarily on the participants coming out experience and the factors leading to that decision. The findings of this study offer greater understanding on the experiences of gay men in student affairs/higher education preparation programs. First, participants spoke of coming out being a fluid process. Meaning, disclosing one's sexual orientation is an on-going process, not always defined by words, but more often by acts, thoughts, and behaviors. Secondly, environmental factors such as the role of faculty, staff, and classmates, as well as the opportunity to attend graduate school away from home served as support structures for participants in their decision to come out. Third, the academic program contributed to participants' decision to publicly disclose their sexual orientation. Participants discussed the role of the academic curriculum, which provided them the opportunity to engage in conversations on topics germane to gay identity development. In addition activities such as self-reflective exercises allowed the men in the study to make meaning of their sexual identity. In close, three main themes were produce from the data that offer implications for practice, teaching, and future research.
dc.subjectStudent affairs preparation programs
dc.subjectcoming out
dc.subjectgay identity development
dc.subjectgraduate education
dc.titleNo place like home
dc.title.alternativethe coming out experiences of gay men in student affairs and higher education administration preparation programs
dc.description.departmentCounseling and Human Development Services
dc.description.majorCollege Student Affairs Administration
dc.description.advisorDiane L. Cooper
dc.description.committeeDiane L. Cooper
dc.description.committeeMerrily Dunn
dc.description.committeeKathleen deMarrais
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text:
Christoff Rudolff (born 1499 in Jawor, Silesia, died 1545 in Vienna) was the author of the first German textbook on algebra.
Rudolff was from 1517 to 1521 a student of Henricus Grammateus (Schreyber from Erfurt) at the University of Vienna and was the author of a book computing, under the title: Behend und hübsch Rechnung durch die kunstreichen regeln Algebre.
He introduced the radical symbol (√) for the square root. It is believed that this was because it resembled a lowercase "r" (for "radix"), though there is no direct evidence. Cajori only says that a "dot is the embryo of our present symbol for the square root" though it is "possible, perhaps probable" that Rudolff's later symbols are not dots but 'r's.
Furthermore, he used the meaningful definition that x0 = 1.
- ^ a b Walter William Rouse Ball (1960), A short account of the history of mathematics (4 ed.), Courier Dover Publications, p. 215, ISBN 978-0-486-20630-1
- ^ a b Howard Whitley Eves (1983), Great moments in mathematics (before 1650: Volume 1), MAA, p. 131, ISBN 978-0-88385-310-8
- ^
- ^ a b Florian Cajori (1919), A history of mathematics (2 ed.), The Macmillan Company, p. 140
- ^ a b Florian Cajori (1993 (reprint)), A history of mathematical notations, Volumes 1-2, Courier Dover Publications, p. 369, ISBN 978-0-486-67766-8


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I'm looking for the Fourier transformation of the (constant) uniform B-Spline $$N_0(x) = \begin{cases}1 & 0 \leqslant x < 1 \\ 0 & otherwise \end{cases}$$
If $N_0(x)$ would also attain value $1$ when $x=1$ (i.e. the $<$ would be $\leqslant$), it would just be a shifted version of the rectangular function R(x), which has (if I'm not mistaken) the following Fourier transform ($T=1$ and shifted $1/2$ to the right):
$$\hat{R}(\omega) = e^{-\tfrac{i\omega}{2}}\, \frac{\sin(\omega/2)}{\omega/2}$$
However, I'm not sure if this is helpful in finding $\hat{N_0}(\omega)$, the Fourier transform of $N_0(x)$...
Once I know $\hat{N_0}(\omega)$, it is easy to find the Fourier transforms of higher order uniform B-Splines, since they are (or can be) defined using convolution. Of course, the Fourier transform of a convolution is just a multiplication of the two Fourier transformed functions, therefore:
$$\hat{N_k}(\omega) = \left( \hat{N_0}(\omega) \right)^{k+1}$$
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1 Answer
up vote 2 down vote accepted
Since the Fourier transform is defined through an integral, the condition $f=g$ almost everywhere implies $\hat{f} = \hat{g}$. So in this case the Fourier transform of $N_0$ is indeed the same as that of $R$, and your formula is correct, assuming you use the convention $\hat{f}(\omega) = \int_{-\infty}^\infty f(x) e^{-i\omega x} \, dx$ for the Fourier transform.
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Thanks. Somewhere I found stated that $\hat{N_0}(\omega)=\dfrac{1-e^{-i \omega}}{i \omega}$. I'm not quite sure whether this is the same as the function I found -- I'll take a more detailed look at a later time and update my post / add a comment. – Ailurus Oct 21 '12 at 20:11
Yes, that is the same, using the identity $\sin z = \frac{e^{iz} - e^{-iz}}{2i}$ with $z = \omega/2$. – Lukas Geyer Oct 21 '12 at 20:27
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Using Code Map to understand C++ Android code
This tutorial shows how to use the CodeMap feature of Visual Studio to understand the structure of complex C++ code. We will show it based on the san-angeles demo built using vs-android, however it will also work for all other VisualGDB project types.
 1. Install VisualGDB 5.0 or later (ensure that "Android Edition" is checked in the installer). This will add support for debugging and Clang-based IntelliSense to vs-android projects.
 2. Ensure you can build and debug the san-angeles project by following this tutorial.
 3. Open the san-angeles project and go to the drawModels function in demo.c:01-drawmodels
 4. The first thing we will investigate using code map is that drawModels() function that appears to be called repeatedly is calling seedRandom() each time with the same value. That supposedly resets the state of the random number generator. Let's use the code map to understand what is affected by this. Right-click on seedRandom() and select "show on code map":02-map
 5. A new Code Map window will appear. Right-click on seedRandom in that window and select "show referenced data":03-data
 6. You will see that seedRandom accesses the sRandomSeed variable. Right-click on it and select "Show functions referencing this":04-randomseed
 7. Now you will see that sRandomSeed is also accessed by randomUInt():05-2calls
 8. Now we need to figure out the context in which both functions are called. Select both of them by holding the ctrl key, right-click and select "Show functions calling this": 06-callers
 9. Now you will see all functions in the project that call the two random number functions we found. However, this is not enough to see the big picture:07-4callers
 10. Repeat the previous step (selecting newly found functions) twice more until you see the functions called by the Java framework (starting with Java_):08-jnifuncsNow the big picture is clear: the random functions are mainly involved during app initialization and the only other place that calls them is the drawModels() function itself. Hence, resetting the random seed inside drawModels() does not affect the behavior of other functions.
 11. Now let's use Code Map to quickly find functions related to the GLObject struct. First of all, select any of the GLObject's fields and select "Show on Code Map":09-globject
 12. Then right-click on it and select "Show containing type":10-showtype
 13. Right-click on the type, select "Show type contents", then select all fields, right-click select "Show functions referencing this":11-showrefs
 14. You will now see all functions that directly reference fields of GLObject:12-objectfuncs
 15. By highlighting all objects and repeatedly selecting "Show functions calling this" you can easily see the big picture:13-objlifetimeThe Code Map now clearly shows how the objects are created during initialization, used during the render calls and destroyed during the de-initialization. You can double-click on any of the functions or fields to quickly jump to the code and examine the function contents.


Fleas with massive penises could invade bedrooms this autumn in their millions
editorial image
Bad news for anyone with a fear of bugs, billions of super-fleas with massive penises are being predicted to invade British bedrooms in the coming months.
Experts say that the new breed of well-endowed beasts will come out of hibernation this autumn and could turn up in millions of homes, carried in by pets.
The so-called super-fleas are far bigger than other species of the bug and have a penis two and a half times their body length - the largest relative to their size of any bug.
The new flea breed is believed to have come from Europe over the past few years and weather conditions this year have been ideal for them to breed, with a warm summer and the right balance of rain creating mild, damp conditions for them.
With the weather beginning to turn colder, experts are now warning that the fleas will begin to make their way indoors, potentially infesting sitting rooms and bedrooms across the country.
Rob Simpson, of pest controller register body Basis Prompt, said that the bugs were coming out of hibernation earlier than usual this year, meaning there would be more of them about.
He said: "Fleas which would usually remain dormant for much longer, became active sooner, leading to more prolific breeding and therefore a larger population."
With an increase in the number of bugs comes an increase in the likelihood of being bitten by one.
Flea bites usually appear as small red spots on the skin and can be very itchy. They are commonly found on feet and legs.
Doctors advice that bites should be washed thoroughly with soap and water before applying an antiseptic cream to the affected area.


text:
On World Sparrow Day, move to monitor common birdsMarch 19th, 2012 - 10:32 pm ICT by IANS
Mumbai, March 19 (IANS) A unique public participation initiative to monitor common birds in the country will be launched Tuesday, to coincide with "World Sparrow Day", an official said here Monday.
The "Common Bird Monitoring Program", a pioneer project and first of its kind in India, will monitor and carry out detailed mapping of 18 common bird species found across the country with direct public participation, said Nature Forever Society chief Mohammed Dilawar.
The birds like house sparrows, house crow, rock pigeon, rose-ringed parakeets, Ashy Prinia and Hoopoes shall be monitored, mapped and counted around the country as well the entire Indian Subcontinent, including Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, Dilawar told media persons.
"The data collected will help map the presence/absence, population/distribution of these common birds since there is currently no scientific data available on these common species in India," Dilawar explained.
The initiative is supported by a corporate house, the Jaypee Group Executive Chairman Manoj Gaur and Jaypee Group's IT arm, JILIT's Director Sunita Joshi - the latter has taken care of the technology to design the program.
This data, over a period of time would be statistically analysed for launching conservation efforts, he said.
"The knowledge about the status, population and distribution of common birds will help in timely conservation measures that can save these birds from extinction, and help create conservation interest among the masses," said Dilawar.
Similar programmes are continuing in many western countries, some more than 100 years old, with the Christmas Bird Count in the US running since 1900.
These bird monitoring acts as an early warning system to initiate remedial measures to save species from extinction before it is too late, he said referring to the critically-endangered status of the vulture, which was once common in India, and proper monitoring could have checked its decline.
Dilawar said that citizens can register and spend 15 minutes daily to monitor the 18 birds for the project from their homes, windows or any other location and make notings and enter their data daily, weekly or monthly or annually.
- India's first common bird monitoring system launched - Mar 20, 2012
- House sparrow is Delhi's state bird (With Images) - Aug 14, 2012
- Are house sparrows being driven away? (March 20 is World Sparrow Day) - Mar 19, 2012
- Bird watchers to revive house sparrow chirping in Shimla (March 20 is World Sparrow Day) - Mar 20, 2011
- Donate binoculars, promote eco-awareness - Sep 02, 2011
- Sparrow decline indicates serious environmental change: Experts - May 09, 2012
- This year celebrate 'Sparrow Holi' - Mar 20, 2011
- Maharashtra man enters Limca Book of Records (With Images) - Jun 09, 2011
- Concern for sparrows on spiritual leader's 100th birthday - Jan 24, 2011
- Pong wetlands hosting over 100,000 feathered guests (Feb 2 is World Wetlands Day) - Feb 02, 2012
- Himachal to count its feathered guests this month - Jan 29, 2012
- Know the bird and count it too - at Pong wetlands - Jan 25, 2011
- Where have sparrows gone? Time Hero to find out (With Images) - Sep 17, 2009
- Birds, animals up for adoption in Haryana - Jan 06, 2011
- Growing number of Cambodia vultures offer hope for endangered scavengers - Sep 06, 2010
Tags: christmas bird count, common birds, conservation efforts, conservation interest, conservation measures, crow rock, early warning system, executive chairman, gaur, group executive, house sparrows, indian subcontinent, media persons, parakeets, pioneer project, population distribution, public participation, remedial measures, rock pigeon, sunita


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Elizabeth Báthory is known as Bloody Lady of Cachtice, the most infamous serial killer in Hungarian and Slovak history. She was an educated woman who could read and write in four languages. The Báthory family was one of the wealthiest in Central Europe. The rivalry they had with the Habsburgs is considered a potential reason for conspiracy against her.
Oil Painting of the Countess, believed to be a realistic portrait
In 1610 and 1611, testimonies were collected from more than 300 witness accounts, which suggest that Báthory killed many local peasant girls. The descriptions of torture that emerged during the trials were often based on hearsay. They included:
- severe beatings over extended periods of time
- burning or mutilation of hands, faces, and genitalia
- biting the flesh off the faces, arms and other bodily parts
- freezing or starving victims to death
In 1610, she was imprisoned in Cachtice Castle, where she remained in her room until her death four years later.
If you watched Hostel – Part II, you saw a woman (Monika Malacova) bathing in the blood draining out of a hanging victim. Eli Roth called her Mrs. Bathory. This is in reference to the legend that Elizabeth Báthory bathed in the blood of her victims so that she may retain her youth and beauty. This legend was spread in the 1700s by men like László Turóczi and Matthias Bel. However, there is no proof that this ever happened.
Scene from Hostel: Part Eww
The emergence of the bloodbath myth coincided with the vampire scares that haunted Europe in the early 18th century. The connection between the two myths would later be made in the 1970s. Some have tried to establish the myth surrounding Elizabeth Báthory as a source of influence for Bram Stoker's 1897 novel Dracula. This theory is strongly disputed, however.
Ingrid Pitt in Countess Dracula, a Hammer horror film from 1971 based on Elizabeth Báthory
There's a movie called Bathory that was created by Slovak filmmaker Juraj Jakubisko and released in 2008. The plot deals with the life of Elizabeth Báthory and takes place in what is now Slovakia (at the time it was a part of the Kingdom of Hungary). Said Jakubisko about the film:
�Countess Elizabeth Bathory is the most famous Austro-Hungarian aristocrat that lived in what is Slovakia today. She supposedly murdered 650 people during her lifetime. I think this theory is absurd and thought of creating my own legend, which would show her in a completely different light, very tender, and tenderness is related to art� What is interesting about this story is that it doesn�t even lack humour and it is also a kind of crime story as there are two monks investigating what is actually going on with Bathory. But there is also political intrigue, and the drama of an intelligent woman too weak to face all the odds she had to face� It is the story of a woman, Elizabeth Bathory, who, in short, was unfortunate to have been born at the wrong time in history��


NIS+ Transition Guide
Links between tables produce an effect similar to paths, except that the link involves a search through only one table: the remote table. With a search path, NIS+ first searches the local table, and only if it is unsuccessful does it search the remote table. With a link, the search moves directly to the remote table. In fact, the remote table virtually replaces the local table. The benefit of a link is that it allows a lower domain to access the information in a higher domain without the need to administer its own table.
To create a link, use the nisln command. You must have modify rights to the table object.
Deciding whether to use a path or to link NIS+ tables in a domain is a complex decision, but here are some basic principles:
Figure 2-7 summarizes this principle.
Figure 2-7 Information Distribution Across an NIS+ Hierarchy


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A Study of a Simplified Theory of Gravity Concentration in Coal Jigs
R. P. CHARBONNIER
To understand the operation of jigs and other separating processes based on differences in gravity, it is desirable to analyse the motion of various particles in given media under specific conditions. A summary of the earlier theories shows that they lead to unsatisfactory or excessively complicated formulae in cases such as coal jigging. By adopting a simplified theory of the motion of particles in a fluid, the size and duration of the initial accelerated motion of a particle falling in hindered settling can be calculated. Based on this mathematical analysis, examples referring to actual coal jigging practice show that it is desirable to prolong and / or repeat, as frequently as possible, the optimum conditions corresponding to an effective acceleration of the particles. The separation is then obtained according to gravity rather than to particle dimensions, as would be the case if the velocity of the particles were allowed to approach its terminal value. To achieve this gravity separation, it is suggested that the suction phase of the jigging cycle be artificially prolonged and the frequency of pulsations increased as much as possible for washing the coals of smaller sizes.
Coal, Density, Fluids, Gravity, Gravity concentration, Jigging, jigging, Reynolds number, specific gravity, Stokes' law, terminal velocity, particles, Phase, Resistance, Terminals


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Ask a question about 'Gypsy Breynton'
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is the heroine of an eponymous series of books written by Elizabeth Stuart Phelps
Elizabeth Stuart Phelps Ward, born Mary Gray Phelps, was an American author and an early advocate of clothing reform for women, urging them to burn their corsets.- Biography :...
. The books were written in 1866-7 for Sunday school
Sunday school is the generic name for many different types of religious education pursued on Sundays by various denominations.-England:The first Sunday school may have been opened in 1751 in St. Mary's Church, Nottingham. Another early start was made by Hannah Ball, a native of High Wycombe in...
s and so are of an improving nature. Gypsy, as the name indicates, is an impetuous tomboy
A tomboy is a girl who exhibits characteristics or behaviors considered typical of the gender role of a boy, including the wearing of typically masculine-oriented clothes and engaging in games and activities that are often physical in nature, and which are considered in many cultures to be the...
who lives a chaotic life lacking a system. Her development and experiences provide the basis for the restrained moralising of the stories.
The four books in the series are
- Gypsy Breynton
- Gypsy's Cousin Joy
- Gypsy's Sowing and Reaping
- Gypsy's Year at the Golden Crescent


Were ziggurats peaked at the top?
Asked by: Mrs. Charlene Bartell
Score: 5/5 (15 votes)
The ziggurats began as a platforms (usually oval, rectangular or square). The ziggurat was a mastaba-like structure with a flat top.
View full answer
Also Know, What was at the top of ziggurats?
At the top of the ziggurat was a shrine to the god. The priests would perform sacrifices and other rituals here. They built them high because they wanted the shrine to be as close to the heavens as possible.
Beside the above, What was the highest point of a ziggurat?. The best-preserved ziggurat is at Ur (modern Tall al-Muqayyar, Iraq). The largest, at Choghā Zanbīl in Elam (now in southwestern Iran), is 335 feet (102 metres) square and 80 feet (24 metres) high and stands at less than half its estimated original height.
In this manner, Who lives on top of ziggurat?
How tall was the first ziggurat?
The ziggurat was built by King Ur-Nammu, who dedicated it in honour of Nanna/Sîn in approximately the 21st century BC (short chronology) during the Third Dynasty of Ur. The massive step pyramid measured 64 m (210 ft) in length, 45 m (148 ft) in width and over 30 m (98 ft) in height.
44 related questions found
What was the most likely reason that ziggurats were tall?
Ziggurats were built tall so that they would connect the heavens to the earth.
What is inside the nanna ziggurat?
The core of the ziggurat is made of mud brick covered with baked bricks laid with bitumen, a naturally occurring tar. Each of the baked bricks measured about 11.5 x 11.5 x 2.75 inches and weighed as much as 33 pounds.
Who was the leader of the gods in Babylon?
Marduk, in Mesopotamian religion, the chief god of the city of Babylon and the national god of Babylonia; as such, he was eventually called simply Bel, or Lord. Marduk. Originally, he seems to have been a god of thunderstorms.
Can you go inside a ziggurat?
This is one of the oldest temples in Iraq and one of few archaeological Sumerian sites that can be visited in the city of Thiqar. Getting here may be tricky as you need to buy the tickets in the museum inside the city and then come to the site.... Walking here is walk in to glorious history of Sumer.
What is the difference between a ziggurat and a pyramid?
Ziggurats were built in Ancient Mesopotamia while pyramids were built in Ancient Egypt and Southern America. 3. Ziggurats have steps or terraces on its sides and multi-storied while pyramids just have one long stretch of staircase.... Ziggurats are chamber less while pyramids usually have internal chambers.
Where is Mesopotamia now?
What was the first form of writing called?
The cuneiform script, created in Mesopotamia, present-day Iraq, ca. 3200 BC, was first. It is also the only writing system which can be traced to its earliest prehistoric origin. This antecedent of the cuneiform script was a system of counting and recording goods with clay tokens.
Which came first ziggurat or pyramid?
Even though pyramids still stand to this day, the Sumerian ziggurats were probably constructed before the first Egyptian pyramid. The Sumerian civilization is prior to the Nile valley civilizations, which suggests that the first ziggurat was built before the first pyramid.
What is a good sentence for ziggurat?
Ziggurat sentence example
Access to the stages of the ziggurat, from the court beneath, was had by an inclined plane on the south-east side. In the west corner stood a temple, with a stagetower ( ziggurat ) adjoining.
Why do you think ziggurats were so large?
There was another reason why the Ziggurats were built as tall structures. They were looked upon as mountains that had been recreated by human hands. People believed that the gods actually lived in the mountains in the eastern part of Mesopotamia.
Who was allowed in ziggurats?
At the very top of the ziggurat was a shrine to the main god of the city-state. The shrine contained a statue of the god. The only people allowed to enter the shrine were priests and priestesses. Ziggurats were often used as storage and distribution centers for surplus crops.
Can you visit the ruins of Ur?
The country is facing very difficult times. The government has little budget to protect historical sites. When most sites have been damaged during the recent wars and are not protected now, UR is still kept in good conditions. You can climb to the top of the ziggurat and have a great view of the area.
What do ziggurats tell us about ancient Sumer?
An example of a simple ziggurat is the White Temple of Uruk, in ancient Sumer.... Its purpose is to get the temple closer to the heavens, and provide access from the ground to it via steps. The Mesopotamians believed that these pyramid temples connected heaven and earth.
What do ziggurats do in Civ 6?
It offers a 75% science boost to all cities with a Holy Site (you will have probably captured some off other civs in War-Cart conquests) at the cost of -25% culture in all cities.... Ziggurats are mostly useful for early science.
Who was the first known god?
Is Zeus a Marduk?
Like Zeus, Marduk is a sky god, and is of a younger generation of gods.... Similarly, since Hesiod's story tells the tale of Zeus' triumph, we can assume he intended the Theogony to serve not only as a creation myth but also a form of praise and honor to Zeus, the Greek king of the gods.
Is Marduk a demon?
Like many other ancient deities, Marduk was one of the earliest pagan god and the child of Enki and Damgalnuna. He would eventually battle the ancient monster Tiamat, becoming one of the many storm gods of the Chaoskampf, similar to Zeus, Thor, Hadad, Perun, Indra, Susanoo, and Tezcatlipoca.
Did Mesopotamians invent the wheel?
The wheel was invented in the 4th century BC in Lower Mesopotamia(modern-day Iraq), where the Sumerian people inserted rotating axles into solid discs of wood.... First, transport: the wheel began to be used on carts and battle chariots.
What is modern day ur called?
Ur, modern Tall al-Muqayyar or Tell el-Muqayyar, Iraq, important city of ancient southern Mesopotamia (Sumer), situated about 140 miles (225 km) southeast of the site of Babylon and about 10 miles (16 km) west of the present bed of the Euphrates River.
Are ziggurats still used today?
Though uncommon, the ziggurat is still used in architecture today.... Nowadays, ziggurats are chosen for aesthetic reasons. We can take, for instance, the well-known headquarters of the California DGS, an executive branch of California's government.


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History of the Somerville Fire Department
In 1838, Charlestown, MA authorities paid a sum of $400 to have a two-story wooden engine-house built at the corner of Washington and Prospect Streets (this area is property of Somerville today). In this engine-house, the "Mystic No. 6" was stored. Mystic No. 6 was not much more than a "tub" measuring three feet six inches long, by two feet wide. It consisted of an oblong wooden tank sheathed with metal, pistons which worked perpendicularly, and handsome lancewood brakes. It could not "draught" water, and all it threw was water which was poured into it by buckets. A law was enforced starting that year which required each household to have two buckets hung in their front hallway. When an alarm was sounded for a fire, each man was to run with his buckets to the fire location and lineup with the others to pass the buckets of water from a well or cistern to the men who operated Mystic No. 6.
In 1842, Somerville set off from Charlestown to become a town of its own. Mystic No. 6 was left as a legacy to Somerville and the engine's valuation of $50 was entered into the town's record books. All firemen at this time were volunteers and were paid a generous sum of $1.50 per year.
On November 12, 1849 town officials appropriated $1,438.75 for the purchase of a "good and sufficient fire engine". The first-class modern suction machine, one of the best ever made by the celebrated Hunneman & Co. of Roxbury arrived about January 1, 1850 and was dubbed "Somerville No. 1". It had six and a half inch cylinders, folding brakes and all of the latest improvements. On January 15th of that same year, Nathan Tufts Jr. was named the first Chief Fire Engineer and George Brastow was named the clerk by the town's selectmen. The first fire that the new department responded to was the burning of Johnson's barn which was located on School St. toward Union Square.
In 1853, the members of the fire department requested a pay raise from $1.50 to $12.00 per year. When the board of selectmen refused to consider it, the department went on strike. The town fathers yielded, however, and the strike was short-lived. This was also the year that Mystic No. 6 was sold for the amount of $33.00 and it was taken to East Boston and broken up for old junk. It was also in 1853 that the first flagstaff in town was erected by the firemen in Union Square.
The engine-house was destroyed by fire on December 24, 1855 but Somerville No. 1 was saved. A new brick building was erected on the same plot of land in 1856 for a cost of $5,000.
The first report made by fire engineers was made by Chief Samuel H. Gooding, in 1862, for the preceeding year, in which he states that the department consists of one engine company, "whose membership has been reduced by members being in the army." He recommends the placing of larger wheels and a "stouter beam" on the engine, also the purchase of a hook and ladder truck for one horse to carry the ladders distributed about town which can not be found when wanted: to quote his own words, "they being out among the neighbors generally." He also recommended the purchase of an extra hose carriage. There were 8 fires that year, with a loss of about $3,300. Of the 800 feet of hose, 200 feet were good, 300 feet were fair and 300 feet were poor. There was also 6 ladders, 1 hook, 6 reservoirs and 3 hydrants.
In April of 1863, an amount of $300 was appropriated for a hook and ladder truck. One was finally purchased in September of that year for the amount of $350 but it was not formally manned at that time. In April 1865, a sum not to exceed $4,000 was appropriated to purchase a hose carriage and horse, and provide a suitable place to locate it in East Somerville. In June of 1865, engineers purchased a second-hand hose carriage formerly used by Gen. John E. Wool Hose Co. of Troy, NY for the sum of $600 and it went into service on October 1st of that year as "Liberty Hose Co. 1". The company disbanded on July 9th, 1866 due to internal dissention and fighting, but a new company was formed within a few days, taking the name of "John E. Wool."
In March of 1866, the selectmen and engineers were instructed to purchase a steam fire engine, horses and all appurtenances thereto not to exceed in cost $10,000 and to locate the same. It arrived on May 26th and occupied Hand Engine 1 Station in Union Square. Hose No. 1 Station was built on Webster Street in East Somerville that same year. Winter Hill Hose Co. 2 was organized in 1869 and occupied a station on Marshall Street in 1872.
A new station was erected at the corner of Highland Avenue and Walnut Street (the Somerville Public Library now occupies this site) in 1871 and Engine Co. 1 was relocated from the station in Union Square to this new station on July 20th, 1871. George H. Foster Hose Co. 3 was organized when Engine Co. 1 was transferred to its new station, and with Hook & Ladder Co. No. 1, which was organized in 1870, it occupied the station that Engine 1 vacated in Union Square.
The first Silby engine owned by the town was purchased in 1873 and it was also that year in which the "John E. Wool" was sold to the town of Everett for the amount of $400 and later went out of service and was returned to its original company in Troy, NY. It was also in 1873 that the George Brastow Hose Co. No. 4 was organized and assigned to a building at the corner of Highland Avenue and Grove Street. It was at this point in time that every apparatus in the city (Somerville became a city on January 1, 1872) was equipped with horses.
The Gamewell fire alarm telegraph system was established in 1874 at a cost of $34,500 and it went into service on June 17th of 1874. The first box alarm pulled in the city occured on June 25th, 1874 when Box #34 was pulled on the corner of Broadway opposite Marshall Street.
In 1874 a new ladder truck was bought and the Winter Hill Company became the Robert A. Vinal Hook & Ladder Company. Chief James R. Hopkins declined to allow the new ladder truck to be named for himself. In 1877, the power to remove men was placed in the hands of the Mayor and the Aldermen. In 1885 the department became all uniformed.
Hose Co. No. 5 was organized on August 15th, 1889 and placed into service in September of 1889 at a brick station located at the corner of Somerville Avenue and Lowell Street. A huge Central Fire Station was built in 1894 at Highland Avenue and Medford Street. The new station sheltered Engine 1, a hose wagon and the new chemical engine A. It also included accommodations for a combined aerial-ladder truck and a water tower. The second floor of the station was used for sleeping rooms, a recreation room, hayloft, workroom and the chief's quarters. The third floor was used exclusively as the headquarters of the of the fire-alarm telegraph system. The station which had stood at the corner of Highland Avenue and Walnut Street was torn down. Also in 1894, a station was built on Highland Avenue near Cedar Street to house two pieces of apparatus. A truck was bought shortly thereafter and Hook & Ladder Co. No. 2 was organized to operate out of the new station.
In 1896 a new fire station, designed to accommodate three pieces of apparatus, was erected at the corner of Broadway and Cross Street. To this building Hose Company No. 1 was transferred from the old wooden building on Webster Street and reorganized into an engine company. Relief Engine Co. 2 was also assigned to this new station.
The station at Teele Square was erected shortly before the turn of the Century, and covers all of the territory west of Willow Avenue.
Since 1900, the department has become completely motorized.
In 1918 the Somerville Fire Dept. joins the International Association of Fire Fighters as Local 76.
The above histories were written by John C. McNally, William E. Brigham & H.H. Easterbrook. Special thanks to Somerville Firefighter Bob "Monty" Doherty.
Page Last Updated: Mar 05, 2012 (12:11:59)


Sustainable & Ethical Fashion
What is Ethical and Sustainable Jewelry
Ethical and sustainable jewelry essentially means responsible and transparent sourcing methods and the use of sustainable and eco-friendly materials to make jewelry. It delivers very minimal impact to the environment and it is not involved with any issue or conflict.
This industry is also known for giving back to employees by giving them a safe working environment and fair wages. When looking for ethical and sustainable jewelry, here are a few points you need to consider.
1. Quality before Quantity
If you are living a zero-waste lifestyle, then shopping for jewelry probably only comes to your mind a few times. While you're at it, opting for ethical and sustainable jewelry will do the environment and your bank a huge favor.
2. Opt for the Best Possible Sustainable Materials
As much as possible, only choose to purchase jewelry pieces that are crafted from recycled or ethically-sourced materials that are sustainable and not detrimental to the environment.
3. Evaluate the Brand's Transparency
When choosing a jewelry brand that is ethical and sustainable, make sure to look into their supply chain and evaluate their transparency about it.
4. Check the Company's Certifications
To prove that a jewelry company is truly worth investing in for people who are on a sustainable journey, look for certifications and recognitions that acknowledge the brand for being ethical and sustainable.
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The History of Hartford Steam Boiler
The Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company was founded on June 30, 1866. Our first president considered HSB as "the first company in America devoted primarily to industrial safety." "Hartford Standards" quickly became the specifications for boiler design, manufacture and maintenance.
Now, over 145 years later, those same values of loss prevention are at the forefront of much of the work we do. And, the company's founding premise of dealing with "matters relative to everyday life" is still very much alive in the company's culture.
It's not surprising, because some very unique influences and values laid the foundation upon which The Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company was founded:
- Steam Power and the Industrial Revolution
- Polytechnic Club Tackles Boiler Explosions
- Insurance Incentive for Boiler Inspections
Steam Power and the Industrial Revolution
During the mid-to-late nineteenth century, the Industrial Revolution sprang up in America. Boilers, used to drive industrial machinery, locomotives and steamboats, were everywhere.
Though the potential of steam power seemed infinite, controlling the power was still crudely developed. As applications for steam power became more complex, the dangers also became more acute.
With thousands of boilers in operation throughout the country, there was also widespread ignorance about the properties of steam and the causes of boiler explosions. During the 1850's, explosions were occurring at the rate of almost one every four days. And, in 1865, the worst boiler disaster in history occurred when the Mississippi River steamer Sultana, took over 1,200 lives.
Most dismissed these incidences as "acts of god." People who ran industrial concerns simply assumed that their boilers would explode and they would lose one or two other workers. Others, namely members of the Polytechnic Club, which included future founders of The Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company, had other ideas.
Polytechnic Club Tackles Boiler Explosions
In 1857, several young Hartford businessmen who were associated with the use of steam power, formed The Polytechnic Club. Their mission was to "discuss matters of science relative to everyday life." With steam power – and boiler explosions – becoming such a central part of everyday life, their discussions frequently turned to that subject.
This group took a practical point of view. They concluded that boiler explosions occurred because the pressure inside the boiler became greater than the ability of the boiler to withstand it. They reasoned that better materials and design – with periodic in-service inspections for weaknesses – would prevent explosions. They so believed in this view that they were willing to put money behind it.
Insurance Incentive for Boiler Inspection
The Polytechnic Club spent much time debating about an idea that combined insurance with a boiler inspection. They reasoned that inspections would increase boiler safety and the insurance would function as an incentive to inspect and a guarantee of a quality inspection. Though the insurance offered financial interests, it was secondary to safety and loss prevention – a totally new concept for an insurance offering.
Under that premise, The Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company was founded in 1866.
Today that premise is applied to equipment beyond boilers. From water supply systems, to heating and cooling, to electrical power, to refrigeration, to telecommunications, we insure and provide engineering services that touch almost every aspect of work and life.