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Rendering PDF Documents with Mupdf and P/Invoke in C#
, 9 Oct 2014 CPL
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Converting PDF into bitmaps without installing extra components.
I've been looking for a PDF rendering engine on.NET Framework for quite a few years. However, there is NO free, native.NET based one available on this planet yet. At the end, I was attracted by a GNU licensed, fast and slim PDF rendering engine--Mupdf, and wrote my own C# wrapper for it.
This article will introduce the first steps on writing such a P/Invoke based C# wrapper for the Mupdf engine and render PDF pages into picture files.
Background and relative projects
During the search for PDF render engines, I found two projects providing C# interfaces nicely. The libraries provided by these two projects can be used to render PDF pages using C#.
The first project was initially posted here on, titled View PDF files in C# using the Xpdf and muPDF and finally settled down on GoogleCode, named pdfviewer-win32. It used C++/CLI to bridge C# and the Mupdf. The positive side of the C++/CLI approach is that it allows developers to access every most internal parts of the Mupdf library. The down side is that developers have to write many C++/CLI wrapper classes. Writing and debugging such kind of classes isn't a piece of cake, and many C# developers even don't know about C++.
The second project was hosted on GoogleCode, named mupdf-converter. It has 2 layers: the first one introduces some C++ classes to encapsulate the library; the second one provides some C functions as static methods exposed by those classes. Finally, those C functions are exported in a DLL for P/Invoke. In short, the flow of the wrapper is MuPDF -> C++ Wrapper -> C (exported as DLL functions) ->.NET P/Invoke.
Since there're existing projects such as pdfviewer-win32 or mupdf-converter, why not just use them? It was fine unless you want to keep up with the most recent development or use all functionalities provided by the Mupdf library, when you have to eventually dig into the Mupdf yourself. The pdfviewer-win32 project provides a lot of functionalities, but it had not been updated for more than one year when I wrote this article. The mupdf-converter library provides merely very few functionalities--You could not do other things with it except rendering PDF pages--and it works only on.NET 4.0 or above.
I studied the source code of mupdf-converter and found that it was quite simple and its two-layer-wrapper implementation was quite bloated. Actually it is unnecessary to use a C++ class to wrap functions from Mupdf. As Mupdf is written in C, it is possible to make a DLL out of it and call its export functions via P/Invoke directly. That is, the calling path can be shorten to MuPDF ->.NET P/Invoke. Inspired by this library, I began to make my own and hence wrote this article.
Warning: The following part of the article assumes that you know how to write P/Invoke functions in C#. If you don't know a bit about it, you can learn it from MSDN. If you don't want to take that trouble. Please use the existing library provided by pdfviewer-win32 or mupdf-converter.
The 'cooking' procedures
The procedure of making our P/Invoke-only MupdfSharp library includes the following steps.
 1. Obtaining the Mupdf DLL library.
 2. Learning the essential concepts and export functions in Mupdf.
 3. Writing the P/Invoke functions.
Obtaining the Mupdf DLL
If you have once downloaded and compiled the source code of Mupdf, you would probably find that the compiled output are several EXE files. There is no DLL library at all. So if you are not familiar with MAKE files, it can take you quite some hours to learn and modify the MAKE file in order to get the DLL library.
Fortunately there are always nice guys in this world. The developers of SumatraPDF, a slim PDF viewer program utilizing the power of Mupdf, are our savers. They have released their code files on Github and the compile result of their project does lay down a DLL library for you to reuse. So the steps can be quite simple.
 1. Go to the project host of SumatraPDF:
 2. Download the source code package (or use an SVN tool to synchronize with their latest work).
 3. Open Visual C++ (you can use the free Express version here) and load the project.
 4. Select "Release" as the build configuration and compile the project.
 5. Find out the "libmupdf.dll" file out of the release folder.
 6. You have the Mupdf DLL now.
The developers of SumatraPDF are very diligent programmers. They keep quit a closed track with the latest development of Mupdf and update their code frequently. Therefore, you can quite well trust them and use their library instead of trying to compile your own Mupdf DLL out of the official code.
Learning the essential concepts and functions
Once you have the libmupdf.dll in your hands. It is time for you to study the functions provided by the Mupdf library.
The library is written in C. In the C programming world, the most common functions are placed in header files, which have file extension names ".h".
In the SumatraPDF project, the source code of the MuPDF library are placed in the mupdf\include\mupdf folder.
From the documentation section of the MuPDF official website, three header files are listed--"fitz.h", "pdf.h" and "xps.h". We need to get started with the first two of them. Then we will follow them and find out the needed functions and structures.
The following lines are part of the "fitz.h" file. When we are exploring the functionalities of the MuPDF library, we will follow the _TAG_ instruction and examine the corresponding files one by one.
_TAG_ MUDPF_FITZ_H
_TAG_ MUDPF_FITZ_H
_TAG_ "mupdf/fitz/version.h"
_TAG_ "mupdf/fitz/system.h"
_TAG_ "mupdf/fitz/context.h"
// the rest of the file is omitted here
When we open the files listed in the fitz.h file or pdf.h file, for instance, context.h, we will see some definitions for functions and structures. The definitions of functions and structures will be essential for writing P/Invoke funtions later.
To learn about the working mechanism of MuPDF, we can start with the example file "source/tools/mudraw.c" listed in the MuPDF documentation web site. By studying the code, we will learn how MuPDF works.
Structures that hold the document content
Five key structures in fitz.h are used in the code, listed as below.
 1. fz_context structure: Used to hold information when working with PDF files (or other supported document formats). You have to prepare the context before working.
 2. fz_document structure: Used to hold the opened PDF document.
 3. fz_page structure: Used to work with PDF pages. Once you opened a document, you can load its pages and work with them.
 4. fz_pixmap structure: Represents the rendered visual results of a page. If you want to render the PDF document, you have to setup a pixmap and draw on it.
 5. fz_device structure: Represents the device on which the render result is drawn. Usually we create the device from the pixmap.
You don't have to care about the internal implementation of those structures. It means that when we write the P/Invoke code, we don't have to setup corresponding structs in our C# code. Using IntPtrs to hold references to them will do. Knowing this can considerably simplify our works in the P/Invoke part later.
Functions that operate with the structures
With the knowledge of the above key structures, we find out the following useful functions in the example file.
 1. fz_new_context_imp: Creates the fz_context.
 2. fz_free_context: Frees the resources used by the fz_context
 3. fz_open_document_with_stream: Creates a fz_document instance out of a given fz_stream.
 4. fz_open_file_w: Opens a fz_stream with a Unicode encoded file name. Notice: If you don't work with documents which have non ASCII characters in their file names, you can just use the fz_open_document function to open documents, instead of using the combination of fz_open_file_w and fz_open_document_with_stream
 5. fz_close_document: Closes the fz_document.
 6. fz_close: Closes the fz_stream.
 7. fz_count_pages: Gets the page numbers in a document.
 8. fz_load_page: Creates a fz_page instance for a given page number.
 9. fz_free_page: Frees the resources used by the fz_page.
 10. fz_bound_page: Gets the dimension of a page.
 11. fz_new_pixmap: Creates a fz_pixmap instance to


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I recently saw the following presentation on DCI by Trygve Reenskaug : _URL_ It kinda blew my mind. Mmmh, seeing in code the interaction between different components of a software is an attractive idea.
I tried to find examples of DCI in javascript, unsuccessfully. Then I started wondering. Isn't the DCI pattern opposed to the evented programming pattern?
Evented programming is trendy in javascript, i guess because it allows decoupling, and because classical inheritance concepts are not native to js. I think I understand the benefits of evented programming but I also noticed that debugging can be damn hard when it requires to follow event message.
Is it correct to say that both concepts are opposed? Or did I got it wrong? Is there some example implementations of DCI in js that I missed? What should I look at in order to dig the concept?
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
up vote 4 down vote accepted
Firstly event programming or inheritance are ortogonal to DCI. You can do DCI without inheritance and with event programing (or without).
JavaScript is in somerespect one of the best languages to do DCI in. Most languages has some issues with following DCI stricyly. In JavaScript the issues are could be solved if there was a finalizer but the lack of a finalizer means you will have to "dispose" your self meaning some noilerplate code.
I've written an example in JavaScript that I will put online on _URL_ where you will find the examples Trygve, Jim and I have created together with some other people have created as well.
fullOO.info is also the answer to where you could go to get more familiar with DCI or you can join object-composition a google group for discussion regarding DCI.
The example I've written in JS is the canonical DCI example money transfer and the interesting part (that is everything but boilerplate/library code) can be seen below:
var moneyTransferContext = function(sourcePlayer, destinationPlayer, amount) {
 var source = {
 withdraw: function() {
 var text = "Withdraw: " + amount;
 this.balance -= amount;
 console.log("Balance: " + this.balance);
 destination = {
 deposit: function() {
 var text = "Deposit: " + amount;
 this.balance += amount;
 console.log("Balance: " + this.balance);
 source = assign(source).to(sourcePlayer);
 destination = assign(destination).to(destinationPlayer);
 return {
 transfer: function() {
 return this;
sourceAccount = {
 log: [],
 balance: 100
destinationAccount = {
 log: [],
 balance: 0
moneyTransfer(sourceAccount, destinationAccount, 25).transfer().unbind();
The rest can be seen at _URL_
share|improve this answer
Thanks a lot, very interesting. I will study the code once I am back home. But could you expand on the difference between dci and evented? isn't an event send by one component and listened by another one an interaction between components? When I watched folk.uio.no/trygver/themes/babyide/babyide-index.html I had events in mind. These days, events are used for everything in js webapps. They are used to access methods on other components, instead of direct access, in order to achieve decoupling and prevent the app to break completely if one components breaks. – Olivvv Oct 9 '12 at 16:15
_USER_ Events are just another way of sending messages between objects. DCI is concern with capturing in code which object send which message to what object. You could also view events as something that starts a context. So being event driven is orthogonal to DCI but I guess you are actually referring to asynchronous which is a very different thing – Rune FS Oct 9 '12 at 17:06
No I am not reffering to asynchronous, but pub/sub communication. For instance one component watches keyboard and mouse activity, and broadcast events for other components to let them know if the user is active or not. There can be a lot of components listening. How would a context take that into account? – Olivvv Oct 10 '12 at 9:14
_USER_ By definition all communication between objects in DCI is captured in a context (one context for each network of communicating objects) so you've would simply have roles that communicated. That said it is border territory for DCI at present. – Rune FS Oct 10 '12 at 11:10
So components should handle events in a context method? – Olivvv Oct 10 '12 at 12:26
Your Answer


text:
Many Connecticut gravestones are carved from native red sandstone. Unfortunately, this material is not particularly durable — it is vulnerable to spalling when moisture infiltrates the tiny cracks and then expands by freezing. In its most fragile state, sandstone can crumble at the lightest touch. Whole sections can slough off at a time. Graveyard visitors shouldn't really take rubbings of any stone, especially red sandstone.
Here is what happens to red sandstone over time:
Stage One: Minimal Damage
Stage Two: Largely Illegible
Stage Three: Disintegration
Stage Four: Collapse

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text: This paper is concerned with a slope stability appraisal of the proposed open cut mining operations in the Thar lignite field in Sindh, Pakistan. The Thar coalfield covers an area of approximately 9 000 km2 and is estimated to contain 193 billion tonnes of lignite resources. The design of safe high wall slopes is necessary to ensure mine safety and overall economical viability of the mining operations. In the Thar lignite field, the presence of three main aquifers induces pore pressure in the rock mass surrounding the lignite seams and makes high wall slopes potentially unsafe. It is, therefore, necessary to dewater the rock mass before commencing mining excavations. A proposed mine dewatering scheme to facilitate rock mass dewatering surrounding the mining excavations and a description of the slope stability analysis of the high wall using the software "SLIDE" version 5 is outlined. Three computer models with slope angles of 28o, 29o and 30o, incorporating a plane failure mode, were analyzed to investigate the stability of pit slopes. The generalized stratigraphy of borehole RE-25 has been used for the development of the computer models. The main conclusions of this study are that the slope angle of 28o is quite acceptable for a Stability Factor (SF) ≤ 1.3 whereas the excavated slopes with slope angles ≥ 29o are not safe against the plane failure for SF>1.3. This assessment was followed by a slope stability analysis incorporating circular failure modes. Five models incorporating various slope angles ranging from 23o to 27o and one model incorporating combined slope angles of 23o in dune sand and 26o in the rest of the strata were developed and analysed. The main conclusions from this study are that the dune sand layer (having a thickness of 48 m) is acceptable for a SF of 1.3 at slope angle ≤ 23o, while the rest of the strata is acceptable for SF=1.3 at slope angles ≤ 26o. The overburden to lignite extraction ratio for this slope design has been calculated as 3:1 or 3 m3 of overburden over 1 t of lignite.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Topic: Arduino sound frequency detection? Help! (Read 5556 times) previous topic - next topic
Hi everyone, this is my first time using the Arduino Uno model and I have run into a bit of an issue. I am in the process of writing a code to identify and differentiate audio frequencies in order to complete a pre-determined task based on specific readings. The issue I am having with the Arduino is its inability to decipher the varying analog input from a microphone. This is likely because there is no sound card or other sound decoding device to convert the seemingly random electrical input from the microphone into usable sound frequency and amplitude data. I would like to know if anyone has found a solution to this problem and how to carry out that solution. I have researched the potential utility of a piezo however I am unsure whether the fact that it measures vibrations as well as audio frequencies will be problematic in deciphering between physical "knocks" and the audio stimulus I am attempting to capture. Any help would be greatly appreciated!
Search the forum for FFT to see what frequencies a sound is made of. e.g. - _URL_ -
Rob Tillaart
(Please do not PM for private consultancy)
Cross-posting the same question wastes peoples' time.
Don't do it.
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comparing 5 traces to a single "base" trace. The method of comparison was to modify the contents of each 0x10 byte block in the header in the range of wrapped_thing and signature in turn, then mux the resulting trace with the base trace. This allows easy experimentation with baudline. As shown, baudline is actually performing subtraction between "channels" to produce the useful output.
This immediately gives good information about what a block looks like in the spectrogram, the time taken to process it, the fact that modifications to a single block don't have much influence on successive blocks, and most importantly, that we can feed arbitrary input into some decryption step. This implies the signature check of the header is done after decryption of wrapped_thing.
Digging into the crypto
While the above seems to bode well, there's actually a snag. It appears the bootrom uses wrapped_thing as input to a block cipher and then signature checks the header. So it seems possible to recover the key used with wrapped_thing, however it's not clear if this will give us all information needed to decrypt the ipl body. Additionally, the header is signature checked, so we can't use an improper key to decrypt an otherwise valid body, then have EMC jump into garbage and hope for the best.
In any case, I decided to try for recovery of the key used with wrapped_thing and hope I'd be able to figure out how to turn that into decryption of the body.
Baby's first DPA
Before attempting key recovery, one must first locate the exact locations in power traces which can be used to identify the cipher and extract information about the key. Starting from not much info (just know it's a 0x10 byte block cipher), we can guess it's probably AES and try to see if it makes sense. The method to do this is essentially the same as Differential Power Analysis: identify the probable location of the first sbox lookup, take a bunch of traces with varying input, then apply sum of absolute differences to determine if the acquired traces "look like" AES.
Fortunately, this process yielded very straightforward results:
(Sorry, you'll probably need to open the images at full resolution to inspect them) ^ High level view of a complete block being passed through the cipher. If you squint you may be able to discern 10 rounds. The top is a singular raw trace, while the bottom group plots the sum of differences between all traces. ^ Closer view of the sum of differences.
The above already makes it very likely to be AES. However, there is an additional check which may be done, which allows determining if the operation is encryption or decryption: ^ The same sum of differences, but making it obvious when, exactly, each bit position (of the input data) is used by the cipher. This can be easily correlated to most AES software implementations. For example, mbedtls:
_TAG_ AES_RROUND(X0,X1,X2,X3,Y0,Y1,Y2,Y3) \
{ \
 X0 = *RK++ ^ AES_RT0( ( Y0 ) & 0xFF ) ^ \
 AES_RT1( ( Y3 >> 8 ) & 0xFF ) ^ \
 AES_RT2( ( Y2 >> 16 ) & 0xFF ) ^ \
 AES_RT3( ( Y1 >> 24 ) & 0xFF ); \
//...
// in mbedtls_internal_aes_decrypt(...)
GET_UINT32_LE( X0, input, 0 ); X0 ^= *RK++;
GET_UINT32_LE( X1, input, 4 ); X1 ^= *RK++;
GET_UINT32_LE( X2, input, 8 ); X2 ^= *RK++;
GET_UINT32_LE( X3, input, 12 ); X3 ^= *RK++;
for (i = (ctx->nr >> 1) - 1; i > 0; i--) {
 AES_RROUND(Y0, Y1, Y2, Y3, X0, X1, X2, X3);
With some squinting, it can be seen that the byte accesses generated by this first sbox lookup for decryption (and not encryption) matches the above plot.
Recovering the key encryption key
With the cipher used to process wrapped_thing more or less determined, we can switch to Correlation Power Analysis and attempt key recovery using only the section of traces which concern the first sbox lookup.
Much time passes. Much confusion about how to filter traces ensues.
Eventually, after tweaking the CPA method a bit and applying some filtering to ignore noise, the key recovery was successful! The correlation needed to be changed to use AES T-tables (the logic for which is actually described in the original AES proposal) instead of the standard inverted sbox approach.
The hypothesized key was determined to be correct by running it though possible key derivation schemes which the bootrom would use, and then attempting to decrypt the first few blocks of the ipl body with the result. The winning combination was:
# process blocks previously named wrapped_thing and signature
# emc_header_key is the value recovered with CPA
def emc_decrypt_header(hdr):
 return hdr[:0x30] + aes128_cbc_iv_zero_decrypt(emc_header_key, hdr[0x30:0x80])
hdr = emc_decrypt_header(
body_aes_key = hdr[0x30:0x40]
body_len = struct.unpack('


Use purport when you want to convince people about something that might not be true, like when you purport that the dog ate your homework.
The verb purport can mean "to claim" — whether you mean it or not — or "to intend," like when you purport to study all night. So it makes sense that as a noun, purport means the intention or purpose, like the purport of a political candidate's speech was to get your vote. If the speech was long and hard to follow, you might be lucky just to get the purport, which here means "the main point or meaning."
Definitions of purport
v have the often specious appearance of being, intending, or claiming
"The letter purports to express people's opinion"
Type of:
assert or affirm strongly; state to be true or existing
v propose or intend
aim, propose, purpose
Type of:
intend, mean, think
have in mind as a purpose
n the intended meaning of a communication
intent, spirit
Type of:
import, meaning, significance, signification
the message that is intended or expressed or signified
n the pervading meaning or tenor
Type of:
strain, tenor
the general meaning or substance of an utterance
Sign up, it's free!


text:
- How long can a fart smell last?
- How long will a fart stay in a jar?
- How do you fart silently?
- Where does a fart go when you hold it in?
- How fast is a fart in mph?
- Can you save a fart in a jar?
- Why do fart smells go away?
- What makes a fart loud or silent?
- Why do you fart before you poop?
- Can you light a fart on fire?
- Does a fart follow you?
- Can holding in a fart kill you?
- Can you freeze a fart?
- Can you breathe out a fart?
- Is it bad to hold in a poop?
How long can a fart smell last?
It's smell spreads quickly and similarly disappears also quickly.
It takes 10–15 seconds to get rid of it..
How long will a fart stay in a jar?
7-10 days7-10 days depending on temperature and nostril flow. This includes shipment time. 6) How long does the smell last once the jar is open? It lasts as long as any fart that's released out into the wild; it depends on how much air is circulating.
How do you fart silently?
To do so, sit up straight, press your ass, hard, to your seat, and bring your legs together. You want to aim the fart slightly in front of you so it won't escape out the back. Then, let it out slowly and quietly, and wait for the verdict.
Where does a fart go when you hold it in?
Trying to hold it in leads to a build up of pressure and major discomfort. A build up of intestinal gas can trigger abdominal distension, with some gas reabsorbed into the circulation and exhaled in your breath. Holding on too long means the build up of intestinal gas will eventually escape via an uncontrollable fart.
How fast is a fart in mph?
about 7 miles per hourHow fast does a fart travel? About 10 feet per second, which works out to about 7 miles per hour.
Can you save a fart in a jar?
"They figured an equally foul vapor, like a fart, could combat the disease, so they suggested patients store their farts in a jar. This way, when the plague appeared in their neighborhood, they could open the jar and inhale the fumes to ward off the bad vapors that came with the disease. It made sense to them."
Why do fart smells go away?
The gas particles diffuse (spread out) from the source. This diffusion makes the gas less condensed, and results in the strength of the smell of the gas to fade.
What makes a fart loud or silent?
The volume of gas released and the tightness of the sphincter muscles (located at the end of the rectum) each play a part in the sound effects. The larger the build-up of gas and the tighter the sphincter muscles are, the louder the emission.
Why do you fart before you poop?
A buildup of gas-producing foods and swallowed air during the day may make you more flatulent in the evening. Also, you're more likely to fart when the muscles in the intestines are stimulated. When you're about to have a bowel movement, for example, those muscles are moving stool to the rectum.
Can you light a fart on fire?
Of those fart components, hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, and methane can all be set on fire. … To some extent, you can actually tell what's in a fart by the flame's color. The flame from a fart where hydrogen is the primary fuel will burn yellow or orange, while an atypically high methane content will turn the flame blue.
Does a fart follow you?
Wet farts seem to stick. The dry components will tag along behind you because when you move you create a small vortex that sucks those smell modules along in your wake.
Can holding in a fart kill you?
Can you die from holding in a fart? There is no evidence that holding in a fart could kill you, though the pain and discomfort doing so causes can be severe.
Can you freeze a fart?
Yes. Yes you can. A fart is made of different gases, which all freeze at different temps. If you were to place your fart in an air tight box (that isnt your anus, HA) the gases would freeze at different times as the box cooled; however, there are so few molecules of any gas in fart relative to the volume it takes up.
Can you breathe out a fart?
Yes, that means you're essentially exhaling a fart right out of your mouth. … In one, that air will exit your body through a totally uncontrollable fart. And in the other, the gas will be reabsorbed through your gut and recirculated until it's expelled from your lungs via your breath.
Is it bad to hold in a poop?
Although holding in poop on occasion is not harmful, people who have a habit of doing this may develop constipation or more severe complications. People who hold in their poop too often may start to lose the urge to poop, which may result in fecal incontinence. Other people may experience constipation.


text:
Chevrolet C1500 Suburban Parts and Chevrolet C1500 Suburban Accessories
Facts You Didn't Know about the Chevrolet C1500 Suburban
- The Suburban was originally intended as a military vehicle. The first unit came off the assembly line in 1936. Its use was intended for National Guard and Civilian Conservation Corps units. It shared a resemblance with commercial trucks and had provisions for seating eight passengers at most.
- Having such a long history since its inception, the Chevrolet Suburban has a record of being a heavily modified truck. It has changed its appearance over 25 times, spanning twelve generations of models. The latest model is scheduled to be released in 2013.
- For over twelve generations, the Chevrolet Suburban has had one main problem: fuel economy. With such large dimensions, heavy weight, and a powerful engine to match, no wonder the Chevrolet Suburban needs more gas per mile. According to the EPA, its MPG when driving in the city and on the highwayare 14 and 20 respectively.
- With it having measurements of 222 inches and weighing 6300 lbs., it holds the record for being the longest non-commercial vehicle in GM's stable. It has also been the subject of criticisms such as inadequate garage space and off-center steering wheels.
- The Chevrolet Suburban and the GMC Yukon XL has a similar history: they're basically twins who share the same name and identical appearances. The 'Suburban' name was dropped from the GMC name and was renamed 'Yukon XL' in 2000, but that didn't stop the similarity: today, they're both built in the same factory.
- The Suburban, with its wide frame and its 'carry all, haul anything' reputation, has had a lot of uses. There was a time when it was used as a military vehicle. Today, the Suburban's uses range from being a police car, a fire chief's vehicle, an EMS fly-car, or even a luxury car a limousine.
- The Suburban has also seen uses as a car for security. In fact, security forces for foreign dignitaries use them. The most popular security force to have a fleet of Suburbans is the US Secret Service, which uses black Suburbans. There have been occasions when these have been used to transport the President of the United States when he goes to less formal engagements.


The fossil species Insulivitrina ingridae spec. nov. is described from the Canary island of La Gomera. Only a single shell was encountered, which is about 14.5 mm long and has a strophostyl columella. It is compared with shells of Recent vitrinid species from the Macaronesian Islands, and the fossil glass snails from Madeira and Porto Santo. This is the first record of a fossil Insulivitrina species from the Canary Islands.
Nederlandse Malacologische Vereniging
C. (Kees) J.P.J. Margry. (2016). Insulivitrina ingridae spec. nov., a fossil vitrinid from the Canary Island of La Gomera (Gastropoda, Pulmonata). Basteria, 80(1/3), 127–132.


Roland TR-505
Instruments Category:
Company :
The Roland TR-505 Rhythm Composer contains a group of samples mixed from both the TR-707 and TR-727, and featured 16 drum tones, with 48 patterns and 6 songs of memory. Basic and affordable, it did not offer tone editing capabilities or individual drum outputs. It did host an extensive MIDI section, making it ideal alongside a computer or sequencer.
The TR-5050 is from the same family as the Roland TR-909, TR-808, TR-707, and TR-626. Released in 1986, the unit can be used to sequence short, punchy, 12-bit samples. The drum kit includes basic rock drum sounds similar to those of the 707, plus a complement of Latin-style drum sounds similar to those of the TR-727, which was similar to the TR-707, but it had Latin instruments instead of rock drums.
The TR-505 features five basic modes, including the following:
 - Track Play - plays whole tracks (arrangements of patterns to form songs).
 - Track Write - sequence patterns into tracks.
 - Step Write - sequence patterns by stepping through each position in the pattern.
 - Tap Write - sequence patterns by tapping drums sounds in real time.
 - Real time - play patterns in real time by tapping the pads.
Time signatures other than 4/4 can be programmed by changing the length of patterns and the scale, which actually refers to the signature ratio/swing.
Midi implementation:
The unit handles MIDI quite capably. Each instrument can be assigned a level/velocity from one to five, a MIDI channel, and a MIDI note number. Individual pads also transmit MIDI data when tapped, although these aren't velocity sensitive. An accent can be applied to any position in a pattern and will affect all instruments triggered at that position by increasing their volume. The memory in the TR-505 can store up to 48 patterns in 6 songs.


text:
Creating an adventure game like Cross of the Dutchman involves the creation of many different characters. In previous articles, we've demonstrated how the creation process takes place, however this article takes a more detailed view at the creation of Grutte Pier in Cross of the Dutchman!
Fist, sketches are made to give an impression of the type of character. These sketches are discussed between the art director and producer to make sure they match the story and direction of the game. This phase takes a couple of hours to complete, depending on whether we're working on a leading character or a villager NPC.
Once the design is approved, the character is drawn posed from different perspectives, as well as a colored version. This helps the 3D artist create the right proportions for each individual character. Creating these drawings takes about 2 hours to complete, and is done by the art director.
At this stage, the 3D Artist takes over, and starts building the 3D Mesh for the character. Each artists has his or her own techniques for creating a character, but it is really up to the complexity of the character that decides how long this process takes. It can be anywhere from a couple of hours to a full working day.
When the mesh has been completed, the process of unwrapping starts. This is a process where each part of a character is flattened onto a sheet. This may sound weird but it allows a 2D artist to start creating the textures for a character. One of the difficulties a 3D artists faces when unwrapping is that all assets need to fit within a square. Because texture sizes usually are increased by powers of 2, it means that textures can be created in steps of 256×256, 512×512 or 1024×1024 pixels (and lower or higher if required). We use high-res textures for characters, and lower resolution textures for less important objects such as scene props.
The 3D artist is done for a while, and it is now up to the 2D artist to create the textures using the square map (or UV Map). In Cross of the Dutchman, we add lighting detail to textures, because it allows us to generate a lot of detail that we would not be able to achieve when using conventional lighting methods. Also, at this stage it is possible to create normal maps or shaders that give depth or gloss to specific surfaces, yet within this project we do not rely on such techniques mainly because of the chosen artistic direction, but also because of the huge amount of additional work it generates.
So, we have our model and texture, but we don't see any movement just yet. This is where the assets are being handed over to the animator, who starts the process of "rigging" and animating the character. Rigging is a process where we give our 3D asset the means to move around. Really it means adding arms, legs, fingers and a backbone to allow the character to move. Animation itself is much like moving the bones in the character in a way similar to how a puppeteer would do it. There are different ways of animating 3D models, but for now we are sticking with "keyframe" animations.
That's it! Our character is done! I hope you liked this article, but do speak up if you want us to go more in-depth in any of these subjects!


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The proposed computer engineering curriculum for the YLFI-Emilio Aguinaldo College: A response towards global competitiveness
College of Computer Studies
This paper describes the proposed Computer Engineering Curriculum for the YLFI-Emilio Aguinaldo College conceptualized and developed by the College of Engineering and Technology Committee on Instruction. The enhancement made is geared towards developing a greater number of competent computer engineers and increasing the population of the college. The enhancement of the present curriculum of the Computer Engineering course was made by considering the Commission on Higher Education's mandate for the course; the (TESDA) ladderization program; the needs of the industry; and the 2004 Curriculum Guidelines for Undergraduate Degree Programs in Computer Engineering developed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers - Computer Society (IEEECS). It is hope that this proposed curriculum would help produce computer engineers who are not only globally competent but also responsive to the needs of the academe, industry and research.
Obra, E. C., Bacani, A. L., Ballera, M. A., Cruz, E. T., Franco, G. L., Joaquin, M. P., Reintar, N. M., Sadia, M. C., & Sison, A. M. (2007). The proposed computer engineering curriculum for the YLFI-Emilio Aguinaldo College: A response towards global competitiveness. CET Review, 1, 1-20. Retrieved from _URL_
Computer engineering—Study and teaching—Philippines


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You can use Nelio Popups to specifically show a popup to visitors using a specific device type.
In this article, you'll learn how to target users of devices to show your popup.
Using Device Condition
When you are ready to use the Device condition, follow these steps:
- Go to Nelio Popups » All Popups and edit the one you want.
- In the editor sidebar, go to the Settings panel, and open the Conditions tab.
- Add or modify a condition by selecting 'Device'.
Then, you can select if you want to target users whose device is one of the list, or those whose device is not in the list. To do so, select the 'is' or 'is not' condition from the selector.
Finally, select the list of devices for the condition. You can select amongst the following values:
- Smart TV
After setting the condition, save the popup and then it will open if the condition is met.


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Here's a sample of our volunteer opportunities:VIEW AS
Senior Medicare Patrol ( SMP ) helps Medicare beneficiaries, their families and caregivers who have questions about billing issues or believe they may be a victim of healthcare fraud or scams. SMP empowers and assist Medicare beneficiaries, their families, and caregivers to prevent, detect, and report health care fraud, errors, and abuse through outreach, counseling, and education.
Did You Know?
- $68 billion taxdollars are lost annually to Medicare fraud, errors, and abuse each year?
- Billing errors are common and can easily be corrected.
- You can help! Medicare Beneficiaries are the first line of defense against healthcare fraud. Learning how to protect personal information, detect fraud, errors and abuse, and reporting suspicious activities can help save taxdollars from criminals.
What is Healthcare Fraud?
Medicare fraud happens when Medicare is billed for services or supplies you never got or didn't need. Errors and abuse occur when questionable practices result in unnecessary costs to Medicare.
How Does the SMP Program Help Stop Healthcare Fraud?
SMP staff and volunteers visit seniors wherever they gather, at senior centers, housing complexes, churches, and health fairs and talk about what they can do to prevent, detect and report Medicare fraud. You can help us to do that by learning about Medicare and either visiting groups of seniors to train them on what Medicare fraud is or by attending community events like health fairs to meet people and distribute information.
- Protect, Detect, Report: We teach beneficiaries how to protect personal information, detect fraud, errors and abuse, and report suspicious activity.
- The SMP Matters Newsletter is sent to over 4,000 senior citizens in almost every county in Kentucky.
- Our Presentation Menu lists topics that may be of interest to a senior group in your area.
- Medicare Bingo: We have a variety of educational Bingo games that share important Medicare information to seniors in a fun way! Call us to learn more!


What is a Valedictorian?
If you're wondering what is the valedictorian definition, search no further. A Valedictorian is a title, often accompanied by an award and recognition, to high school and college students who give the final, farewell speech upon graduating from an educational institution. Almost always, a Valedictorian achieves the highest cumulative grade point average at their university.
The term "Valedictorian" comes from the Latin phrase, "vale dicere," which means, "to say farewell." A Valedictorian address is considered the final farewell it classmates at the education institution, and usually includes words of farewell, nostalgia, thanks, and inspiration. The Valedictorian speech is held at the graduation ceremony.
A school's valedictorian is almost always based upon the student who has the highest GPA at that education institution. This student is considered to be a representative of the class year they are graduating with. There can be exceptions to this, but the student with the highest GPA is almost always awarded the honorary valedictorian title. The exceptions to this rule are schools where multiple factors and extra-curricular activities are considered, such as speaking ability, extracurricular activities, participation level, and possibly selection from classmates. By and large, it's wholly or primarily based on grade point average.
In some cases, schools allow two valedictorians, sometimes called "co-valedictorians." This is usually done as a matter of affirmative action, school tradition, or some other exceptional or unusual reason.
Selecting a valedictorian can be a difficult and controversial decision for the school administration to make. This is because the difference in grade point average among the top students – potential valedictorians – is often minute. Some differ by hundreds of a percentage. Some cases are particularly controversial – when a student's GPA factors in weighted classes, for example.
Valedictorian addresses, typically called the valediction, is the farewell addressed that is given by the selected Valedictorian and a graduation ceremony. Typically, the graduation speech is inspirational, a persuasive speech, nostalgic, and sometimes even controversial or unconventional. Typically the valedictory is intended to inspire the students of the graduating class to go out and succeed in life, many times revolving around a central or class theme. The speech is also regarded to be the final farewell to the class as they move on to the "real world" and start their life.


Bumping is the common name for the process of colliding a ship into another ship or celestial object, resulting in a change of position for the ships involved in the collision.
General Bumping
Bumping can occur when a ship comes out of warp in a position "inside" of the geometry of a Station, Stargate, Ship, Sentry gun, Starbase Forcefield, or other object. The bumping produced can be severe, launching ships at hundreds to even thousands of meters per second away from the other object.
Bumping in Battle
Bumping a targeted ship is common, and typically used to push a ship away from a Stargate to be outside of the maximum jump range (2,500 meters away from the stargate), away from a station to be outside of its docking radius (500 meters), or away from the direction the ship is traveling to prevent it from warping to a celestial object.
POS bowling is an example of an infamous bumping strategy.
EVE's Physics Engine does not calculate damage for collisions, even ships as small as frigates. Frigates can slam into capital ships without negative consequences.
How to
To bump another ship, you can;
 - Set your ship to approach the other ship at high velocity through the right click menu, typically with a MicroWarpdrive running. The MWD increases both speed and mass, making collisions more violent.
 - Manually steer your ship to collide with another ship.


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Botanical name: Artabotrys hexapetalus Family: Annonaceae (sugar apple family)
Synonyms: Annona hexapetala, Artabotrys odoratissimus
Also known by its common name in India as "Manorangini", Hari Champa has absolutely intoxicating fragrance! This species is native to India and tropical Asia. A medium size climbing shrub 8-10 ft, producing flowers that are greenish in color and fade to yellow with age, and are extremely fragrant. Once picked they are very long lasting and hold their scent for days, if kept in water, permeating an entire room. Flowers have three outer and three inner greenish yellow petals - hence the name hexapetalus. It is a fruity sweet smell - the Manipuri name Chini Champra, meaning sugar lemon, is indicative of that. Narrowly elliptical leaves, 6-15 cm long, 2-4.5 cm wide, are usually 3-4 times as long as wide, acute or almost so at base, short-acuminate at the tip, not glossy. Lateral veins are 8-16 pairs. Fruits are 3-4 cm long when ripe, ovoid and smooth. When young, this climber grows just like a regular shrub but at 5-6 ft, will start to vine. It is not an aggressive vine.


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Filed under: Get Activist
Armed with $500 worth of beans, two women founded a non-profit group in Denver in 1989 to empower impoverished women by teaching them workplace skills and providing jobs to the chronically homeless and unemployed. Their training opportunities have expanded dramatically over the years, and their annual operating budget has grown from $6,100 to over $1.5 million.
The Women's Bean Project is a nonprofit organization that teaches job readiness and life skills for entry-level jobs through employment in a gourmet food production business. Women come with the goal of transforming their lives and moving toward self sufficiency.
SPENCER MICHELS: Now in its 20th year, the program employs 40 women each year who have been chronically unemployed and living in poverty. They make and package products such as soup, brownie mix, jelly beans, and salsas that are available in grocery stores in 40 states and over the Internet. But it's not the food that makes this program a complete package, says executive director Tamara Ryan.
TAMARA RYAN: We're not trying to make the best bean soup makers of America. What we're trying to do is create an environment where we can teach basic job readiness skills, the idea that you have to come to work every day, and on time, and manage conflict in the workplace, and dress appropriately, and take direction.
But then also we find that that alone isn't what helps women become successful. They're lacking basic life skills — problem-solving, goal-setting, the ability to, when your child care falls apart, to fix that and then continue to go to work.
There's a transcript and a streaming video micro documentary from Spencer Michels from PBS here.
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The most important thing to remember when working with open pipes (what is here referred to as a pipe is any cylindrical solid, i.e. a tube, and "open" is defined as having no obstruction at either end) is that at the two ends are anti-nodes. Thus, unlike a closed pipe, the fundamental frequency and the subsequent overtones increase by one-half of a wavelength. This concept is very hard to understand without looking at the image below.
The most simple possibility is the "fundamental frequency" where there is one node in the center of the pipe. The wavelength is 1/2 lambda (λ). The next possibility is the "first overtone". Here, there are two nodes (therefore n=2) and the wavelength is 2/2, or 1λ. Then comes the second overtone, with three nodes, which is 3/2λ.
The equation for finding the length of an open pipe is
l=length of pipe n=nodes
This equation can easily be rearranged to solve for wavelength:
Let's use this equation with a practice problem: Find the fundamental frequency of an open pipe that is.5m long.
To solve this, we need to use two equations. First, solve for lambda:
= 2(.5m)/1 = 1m
Then, use substitute the 1m for lambda in the equation
= (330m/s)/1m = 330Hz, our final answer. Great job!


Terminal Block Accessories
Terminal block accessories are components used to install, repair or enhance the function of terminal blocks. These are a type of electrical connector where the wires are clamped to the metal by a screw.
What are terminal block accessories used for?
Terminal block accessories come in an array of options with varying functions. Terminal end brackets, for example, provide a secure mechanical stop on the DIN rail. End covers are typically placed at the end of an assembly to enclose the open side of the terminal block. Both end brackets and end covers are custom designed to work with specific terminal blocks.
Wire ferrules encase the strands of flexible conductors, making them easier to introduce into terminals. They're typically made of a copper tube with a moulded isolating collar at the end. You can use a crimp tool die to crimp the copper tube for better contact between the wire strands and the contact point.
Types of terminal block accessories
There are numerous terminal block accessories including:
 - End brackets
 - End stops
 - Flange covers
 - Insertion bridges
 - Marker labels
 - Zack strips
 - Terminal block markers
 - Terminal screwdrivers
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�2-inch thickness do not have to be turned.
Cooking Time Critical
The most important point to remember when cooking seafood is not to overcook it. Perfectly grilled seafood is moist and flavorful. Overcooked seafood becomes dry and tasteless. To estimate cooking time, measure the seafood at its thickest part (including stuffing). Grill 10 minutes (at approximately 400 degrees F) per inch of thickness. Turn the seafood halfway through the cooking time.
Fish is cooked but still moist when it turns opaque or just starts to flake when tested with a fork. To prevent foodborne illness, grill a large whole or stuffed fish with indirect heat 10 to 12 minutes per inch of thickness to reach an internal temperature of 145 degrees F. (Use a calibrated food thermometer to determine doneness in the thickest part.)
Shrimp and soft-shell crab turn opaque (milky white) when done. Mollusks in the shell, such as oysters, clams, and mussels, open when cooked.
Once seafood has reached its safe internal temperature, remove it from the grill and place it on a clean platter. Do not put cooked food on the same platter that held raw seafood. Clean the food thermometer with hot, soapy water.
Keep food at a safe temperature during the entire cookout. Refrigerate leftovers within 2 hours or 1 hour if the air temperature is above 90 degrees F.
Raw Seafood and Foodborne Illness Risk
If you are in a high-risk population group, which includes younger children (age 5 and under), older adults (age 65 and older), pregnant women, and immune-compromised individuals, you are at a higher risk of getting a foodborne illness. In addition, certain health conditions put you at risk for serious illness or death. Individuals with the following conditions are at higher risk:
- Liver disease, either from excessive alcohol intake, viral hepatitis, or other causes
- Hemochromatosis, an iron disorder
- Stomach problems, including recent stomach surgery and low stomach acid (from antacid use)
- Immune disorders, including HIV infection
- Long-term steroid use (as for asthma and arthritis)
Check with your doctor if you are unsure of your risk. Eating raw or undercooked seafood, especially raw oysters, can put you at risk of infections such as vibriosis. Vibriosis is caused by some types of Vibrio bacteria. An oyster that contains Vibrio does not look, smell, or taste any different from any other oyster. When eating shellfish be sure they are properly and thoroughly cooked to kill harmful bacteria. Shellfish safe to eat will open during cooking. Throw out any shellfish that do not open fully after cooking.
- Specialty woods, such as oak, hickory, pecan, mesquite, fruit woods, and grapevine cuttings lend a subtle flavor to grilled seafood. Soak wood shavings or chips for 30 minutes before cooking. Place a handful of drained, damp chips on briquettes (or in a separate aluminum or cast iron smoke pan just above the heat source in electric or gas grills) right before cooking.
- Fresh or dried herbs such as thyme, rosemary, dill, basil, marjoram, paprika, and oregano, enhance the flavor of seafood. Soak herbs in water for several minutes, drain, and pat dry. Toss damp herbs directly onto briquettes (or lava rocks) just before cooking.
- Marinades can be as easy as a bottled salad dressing or a homemade combination of oil with vinegar or fresh lemon or lime juice and your choice of seasonings. Save extra, unused marinade to brush on seafood as it cooks.
- Sauces should enhance—not mask—the taste of seafood. Match the flavor level of the sauce to the seafood being grilled. Baste with a mixture of equal parts lemon juice and butter or margarine. Alternately, mayonnaise can be spread on fish fillets to keep them moist.
Other General Pointers
- Be sure fish and crustaceans are completely cleaned (scaled, eviscerated, peeled) before grilling.
- Make sure mollusks are alive. Remove mud from shells by scrubbing with a brush under cold, running water.
- Pat seafood dry with paper towels before applying oil.
- Use square-sided, not round, skewers for seafood kabobs.
Revised by Alice Moore, Regional Extension Agent, Food Safety and Quality, Auburn University. Originally written by Brian E. Perkins, former Extension Seafood Technologist.
Appreciation is expressed to P. J. Waters and Dani Reams for their review of this material and to Eat Alabama Seafood, National Fisheries Institute, UF/IFAS Extension, Delaware Sea Grant, Clemson Cooperative Extension, CDC, FDA and the Florida Department of Natural Resources, Bureau of Seafood Marketing, for information used. This work is partly a result of research sponsored by NOAA, Office of Sea Grant, Department of Commerce, under Grant No. NA18OAR4170080. MASGP-21-063.
New January 2022, Grilling Alabama Seafood, ANR-0758


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National library week began in 1958 as a national observance of libraries across the country, sponsored by the American Library Association (ALA). It began in the mid-1950s after research showed that Americans were spending less time with books and more time on radios, televisions, and musical instruments. The ALA and the American Book Publishers responded by creating an organization in 1954 called the National Book Committee. By 1957 the committee developed a national plan for a library week hoping to encourage more people to read and thus support their local library. In 1959, the ALA voted National Library Week to be an annual celebration. In 1974, the ALA assumed full sponsorship of the annual event. Taking place each April, National Library week is a chance to celebrate all of the contributions that libraries and library staff have made in our nation while encouraging continued support for the library. During National Library week, libraries of all kind including public, academic, school and special collectively participate.
Within the each national library week, other celebrations take place that include, National Library Workers Day (usually celebrated on the Tuesday of national library week), National Bookmobile Day (celebrated the Wednesday of national library week), and Support Teen Literature Day, (celebrated on the Thursday of national library week).
As part of the Harper College Library's celebration of national library week, the library conducted Library Snapshot Day, 2011. Included are over thirty pictures that capture a typical day at the Harper College Library. Feel free to explore the different pictures taken of the Harper College Library by clicking on the picture you want to see for a larger image. Have fun exploring and we at the Harper College Library will see you later! –Nick Hyten, Harper College Library practicum student


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If the V.ALRT will not stay connected or continuously blinks, you may need to restart the V.ALRT device. You can do this by following the steps below.
- Power off the V.ALRT by pressing and holding the button for 30 seconds. Once you hear two beeps and two flashing red lights the device will be turned off. (Tip: Wait the full 30 seconds until you hear the two beeps before releasing)
- Open the V.ALRT application on the phone and go to device manager.
- Click on the minus sign to remove the device from the application.
- Restart the V.ALRT device by pressing and holding the button for ~10 seconds or until you hear a beep followed by a flashing green light.
- Once the device has been put in pairing mode you can select it in the application. (Tip: The app may take 10-20 seconds to complete the pairing process.)


++ed by:
8 PAUSE users
4 non-PAUSE users.
Jesse Luehrs
Spreadsheet::ParseXLSX - parse XLSX files
version 0.14
 use Spreadsheet::ParseXLSX;
 my $parser = Spreadsheet::ParseXLSX->new;
 my $workbook = $parser->parse("file.xlsx");
 # see Spreadsheet::ParseExcel for further documentation
This module is an adaptor for Spreadsheet::ParseExcel that reads XLSX files.
Returns a new parser instance. Takes no parameters.
Parses an XLSX file. Parsing errors throw an exception. $file can be either a filename or an open filehandle. Returns a Spreadsheet::ParseExcel::Workbook instance containing the parsed data.
This module returns data using classes from Spreadsheet::ParseExcel, so for the most part, it should just be a drop-in replacement. That said, there are a couple areas where the data returned is intentionally different:
In Spreadsheet::ParseExcel, colors are represented by integers which index into the color table, and you have to use Spreadsheet::ParseExcel->ColorIdxToRGB in order to get the actual value out. In Spreadsheet::ParseXLSX, while the color table still exists, cells are also allowed to specify their color directly rather than going through the color table. In order to avoid confusion, I normalize all color values in Spreadsheet::ParseXLSX to their string RGB format ("#0088ff"). This affects the Fill, BdrColor, and BdrDiag properties of formats, and the Color property of fonts. Note that the default color is represented by undef (the same thing that ColorIdxToRGB would return).
Spreadsheet::ParseExcel doesn't support formulas. Spreadsheet::ParseXLSX provides basic formula support by returning the text of the formula as part of the cell data. You can access it via $cell->{Formula}. Note that the restriction still holds that formula cell values aren't available unless they were explicitly provided when the spreadsheet was written.
Large spreadsheets may cause segfaults on perl 5.14 and earlier
This module internally uses XML::Twig, which makes it potentially subject to Bug #71636 for XML-Twig: Segfault with medium-sized document on perl versions 5.14 and below (the underlying bug with perl weak references was fixed in perl 5.15.5). The larger and more complex the spreadsheet, the more likely to be affected, but the actual size at which it segfaults is platform dependent. On a 64-bit perl with 7.6gb memory, it was seen on spreadsheets about 300mb and above. You can work around this adding XML::Twig::_set_weakrefs(0) to your code before parsing the spreadsheet, although this may have other consequences such as memory leaks.
Worksheets without the dimension tag are not supported
Intra-cell formatting is discarded
Diagonal border styles are ignored
In addition, there are still a few areas which are not yet implemented (the XLSX spec is quite large). If you run into any of those, bug reports are quite welcome.
Please report any bugs to GitHub Issues at _URL_
Spreadsheet::ParseExcel: The equivalent, for XLS files.
Spreadsheet::XLSX: An older, less robust and featureful implementation.
 perldoc Spreadsheet::ParseXLSX
You can also look for information at:
Parts of this code were paid for by
Socialflow _URL_
Jesse Luehrs
This software is Copyright (c) 2014 by Jesse Luehrs.
This is free software, licensed under:
 The MIT (X11) License


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Direct Measurement of Fluid Mechanical Properties in Micro Space; Liquid Crystal Orientation under ShearPolymer Science Faculty Research
AbstractThe shear-induced molecular orientation of a nematic liquidcrystal, 5CB (4-pentyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl) was studied in anewly-developed apparatus in which the liquid crystal was confinedbetween optical windows at a film thickness that is continuouslyvariable. The molecular orientation was measured in situduring shear in the presence and absence of DC electrical bias betweenthe two surfaces. In this preliminary study we present findings for aspacing of 10 µm, which is comparable to the spacing ofactual liquid crystal display technology. Fourier transform infraredtime resolved spectroscopy (FTIR-TRS) synchronized with the shearmotion provided the molecular orientation as a function of time duringthe shear cycle. Only a slight orientation along the shear directionwas found in the isotropic state but, in the homeotropic state, themolecular orientations in response to shear reflected a competitionprocess between orientation in orthogonal directions. Shear promotedorientation parallel to the confining plates, and a DC bias voltagepromoted orientation perpendicular to the confining plates.
Citation InformationAli Dhinojwala. "Direct Measurement of Fluid Mechanical Properties in Micro Space; Liquid Crystal Orientation under Shear" Vol. 38 (1999) p. 6118 - 6122
Available at: _URL_


How to hang pictures, even big ones, on plaster walls
Q: We would like to hang pictures, some of them rather large, on a plaster wall. Can you tell us the best way to do this? We are afraid of cracking the plaster.
A: With proper technique, hanging pictures on a lath-and-plaster wall isn't a problem.
If the pictures are small and equipped with a wire on the back, use a small picture hook and nail.
To install small picture hooks all you need is a hammer. Gently tap the nail provided with the hook diagonally into the wall using the hook itself as a guide. With small hooks there is little danger of cracking the plaster.
Larger hooks may require pre-drilling a hole. A cordless drill equipped with a drill bit slightly smaller than the nail is the tool for the job. Drilling a pilot hole removes some of the plaster and greatly reduces the possibility of cracking the plaster.
Make sure to drill the hole on an angle that approximates the angle of the path of the nail.
For smalland medium-sized pictures you don't have to be concerned about hitting a stud. The plaster has enough structural integrity to hold their weight.
Be cautious about trying to drive a nail into a piece of wood lath. If a nail strikes a piece of lath under the plaster there is a good chance it will vibrate, break the plaster keys and loosen the plaster from the lath. A "key" is the term used to describe wet plaster that oozed between the lath when applied and dried partially encasing the lath. These "keys" form a bond between the dried plaster wall and the lath.
You'll be able to tell if the nail strikes a piece of lath -- it will bounce back when you tap it with your hammer. If that happens, drill a pilot hole no matter which size nail you use.
For hanging large, heavy pictures we recommend using a wood screw as hanger if the screw can be installed in a stud or a wall anchor if it does not hit a stud.
Wall anchors come in a variety of sizes. They are a two-part fastener, a machine bolt that fits into a collapsible cylinder. Whether installing a wood screw or wall anchor, pre-drill a hole in the wall to inhibit cracking.
For a wall anchor insert the cylinder into the pre-drilled hole, tighten the bolt so that the cylinder compresses and back the bolt part way out of the cylinder and hang the picture. Use two fasteners for very large or heave pictures.
The bottom line is if you have any doubt, pre-drill the holes to avoid cracked plaster.
A couple of weeks ago we wrote about using plaster of Paris when installing a commode. Apparently our answer created a little confusion with at least one of our readers. She writes:
"I just read your column about using plaster of Paris to mount the toilet. I assume that the plaster of Paris is in place of the wax collar.
"Also, you said not to caulk behind the toilet -- leave a 4-inch gap. Is that for condensation to have a way to dry? Wanting it to be very neat, I caulked all around. What bad will happen?"
Neatness is generally good, but you can have too much of a good thing.
Plaster of Paris is not used in place of the wax ring. Rather it is an alternative to caulking under the perimeter of the toilet. Plaster and, to some degree, caulk are used to stabilize the toilet and prevent it from moving when somebody sits on it.
The wax ring seals the connection between the toilet and the closet bend when the toilet is bolted to the closet flange. Plaster of Paris is particularly helpful on old installations with uneven floors because it is not flexible.
Nothing bad will necessarily happen if you caulk completely around the perimeter of the toilet. However, if the seal between the wax ring and closet flange should fail, the gap at the rear of the toilet allows for water to escape so you can discover the leak. No leak, no problem. But if the perimeter is sealed by caulk the water has no place to go and could prevent you from seeing water that might cause significant damage.


Browse Dictionary by Letter
Dictionary Suite
quadrennial happening once every four years. [3 definitions]
quadrifour.
quadrilateral having four sides. [2 definitions]
quadrille1 a formal square dance with five separate movements executed by four couples. [2 definitions]
quadrille2 an eighteenth-century card game for four players.
quadrillion the number represented by the Arabic numeral 1015. [2 definitions]
quadripartite having four parts or divisions. [2 definitions]
quadriplegia paralysis of the entire body, from the neck down.
quadrivalent having a valence of four; tetravalent. [2 definitions]
quadrivium in medieval universities, the higher section of the liberal arts, comprising arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, and music. (Cf. trivium.)
quadroon a person who is one quarter black and three quarters white; the child of a mulatto and a white person.
quadruped having four feet. [2 definitions]
quadruple having four parts; quadripartite. [5 definitions]


RE: What is a cleanroom?
What is a cleanroom and why are they called clean rooms?
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1 Answers
A cleanroom is a controlled environment where products are manufactured. The cleanroom provides an aseptic environment in which the concentration of airborne particles is controlled to specified limits. These limits are defined by the nature of the process or production happening within the environment. Within the cleanroom environment, air particles are measured in microns or micrometers. Micron-sized particles are smaller than a living cell and can be seen only with the most powerful microscopes. To achieve the required environmental conditions deemed necessary by the cleanroom production, the air in a cleanroom is purified using High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filters. Air is forced through the filters, which remove particles as small as 0.5 microns. The filtration system depends upon the required level of cleanliness. Cleanrooms are controlled environments in which contaminants, temperature, pressure, static, humidity or other elements are controlled even if adherence to a cleanroom standard is not required.
Answered on May 17, 2017.
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Importing accounting: the case of Trinidad and Tobago
Abstract:In the period immediately following its achieving independence, Trinidad and Tobago switched from a pattern of importing British professional accountants to one of importing British professional qualifications. It was also in this period that the first professional accounting association appeared: that is, eighty years after such bodies emerged in Britain and her settler colonies. This paper seeks to explain why the achievement of political independence in Trinidad and Tobago (and perhaps in some other British non-settler colonies) signified a critical turning point in the development of a local accounting profession. The paper also explores how the history of importing accounting impacted on the contemporary organization of the profession in Trinidad and Tobago.
Document Type: Research Article
Publication date: 1999-03-01


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Easter Basket Scene
SUPPLIES & TOOLS:
- Cricut Expression® 2 Electronic Cutting Machine
- Cricut® Everyday Cartridge, Create a Critter 2
- Cardstock: yellow, orange, gray, light blue, blue pattern, white pattern, cream pattern
- Easter basket
- Shredded paper
- Black marker
- Hole punch
1. Place foam in basket. Cover with shredded paper.
2. Create chick. Using Create a Critter 2 cartridge and yellow cardstock, cut two 3" . Using orange cardstock, select Layer feature, press Shift, and cut one 3" . Discard stripes. Adhere beak to one chick. Use black marker to create eyes. Adhere dowel between chicks. Place dowel in foam.
3. Create eggs. Using blue pattern cardstock, select Shadow/Icon Shadow feature, press Shift, and cut one 2" . Using white pattern cardstock, select Shadow/Icon Shadow feature, press Shift, and cut one 1-1/2" . Adhere dowels between eggs. Place dowels in foam.
4. Create banner. Using white pattern cardstock, select Accessory feature, press Shift, and cut one 2" . Repeat cut using blue pattern and cream pattern cardstock. Punch holes in top corners of triangles. Thread triangles on string and tie to basket handle.
5. Create cloud and phrase. Using gray cardstock, select Phrase feature and cut two 2-1/2" . Using light blue cardstock, select Phrase feature and cut one 1-1/4" . Adhere phrase to one cloud. Adhere dowel between clouds. Place dowel in foam.
6. Embellish as desired.


Regulatory governance
Is regulatory stewardship sufficient to bolster our social license to regulate in the 21st century?
I am an architect by training and became interested in regulatory governance when I worked for a consultancy firm in the early 2000s. It struck me that, whenever a building-related incident occurred, it was not the contractor, the engineer or the architect who was blamed by the media and the general public, but the (often municipal) building inspector.
Seeking an answer to why that is the case, and considering how regulatory practice and regulatory governance could be improved, I embarked on a PhD project to study the privatization of regulatory enforcement. This was the start of a further academic career in public governance, with a focus on regulation, enforcement and compliance. This ultimately led me to my current quest to understand how governments and others can uphold and strengthen their 'social license to regulate' and whether regulatory stewardship is a promising means for doing this.
I have a broad interest in regulatory philosophy, regulatory theory and regulatory practice. My current research in this area can best be described as a generaly genealogy of regulatory governance. To better understand how we can improve regulatory governance, it is relevant to understand where we come from considering regulation, enforcement and compliance motivations.
Within the Victoria University of Wellington, I work closely with the Government Regulatory Practice Initiative (G-REG) to improve regulatory practice and regulatory stewardship in Aotearoa/New Zealand and elsewhere.


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Design and Implementation of Highway Management System Based WebGIS
Source: Academy Publisher
Network Geographic Information System is a GIS based on Web technical standards and communication protocol of network, a product of Web technology and GIS technology, it is based on Internet / Intranet to provide users with information distributed in space, data sharing, exchange and cooperation. WebGIS make full use of network resources, a large scale to reduce costs and complexity of dealing with the implementation of the server, the client is simple, is an ideal global optimization model, replace a desktop GIS system, and provide personalized service. Based on WebGIS for the new technology platform, the highway pavement management system designs and builds roads spatial database and attribute database.


Exactly what does it Indicate When You Name Your Baby Sugar Baby?
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"Sugar Baby" is one of the many names which has been given to the brand new genre of baby titles that are turning out to be popular in nation and the British isles. So what really does it indicate? Sugar baby is short for nice baby or sugar baby. This is a baby brand that _URL_ has been taken from the baby meals industry and is not related to the infant's health by any means. "Sugar" is simply name that sounds lovely.
What does it mean when somebody names their very own baby Sugar Baby? The meaning is pretty simple; the infant is going to be a small baby and the parents will attempt to keep the sugar absorption to a minimum mainly because that can actually cause medical problems. It is funny how that actually works because it actually is in the identity but the name is what is will make or break the baby. It is rather common to have child girl and have a child boy known as the same sugar babies sugar daddies thing, but in this case it might not be and so common.
"Sugar babies" because they are known to have been chosen seeing that the _URL_ favored brand of parents diagnosed with a family history of sugar gliders. The gliders are marsupials that are mostly from Sydney. They are primarily nocturnal in nature and in addition they primarily take in insects as their diet. They are small in size at about two pounds and the females are usually about ten pounds in pounds.
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Chemical analysis and classification of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) based on their country of origin using mass spectrometric methods and chemometrics
Journal: 2021/March - Food Research International
The current study applied gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and thermal desorption direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry (TD-DART-MS) methods to the analysis of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) samples from different countries. The black pepper powder samples were analyzed directly by TD-DART-MS without any extraction, but for GC-MS and LC-MS methods, a methanol extraction procedure was employed before the analysis. Various compounds, such as piperamides and terpenes, were detected. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to classify black pepper samples based on their origins. Total ion mass spectrum (TMS) data profiles from GC-MS, LC-MS, and TD-DART-MS methods were constructed and evaluated for the performance of classification. A cubic-root data transformation was tested in the data preprocessing and found to be effective for improving the classification rates. The average classification rates of PLS-DA models with GC-MS-cubic-root-TMS, LC-MS-cubic-root-TMS, and DART-MS-cubic-root-TMS data representations were 94.1 ± 0.6%, 87.7 ± 0.6%, and 97.0 ± 0.3% respectively, for 100-time bootstrapped-Latin-partition cross-validation. This study presents for the first time the analysis of plant-based food materials by using TD-DART-MS, and it has been demonstrated as a simple and high-throughput method for classification studies.
Keywords: Black pepper; Chemometrics; Classification; DART-MS; GC–MS; LC-MS.
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ZTE in partnership with Ansaldo STS has completed a communication-based train control (CBTC) over LTE test. Ansaldo STS, which specialises in the global signalling and integrated transport systems markets for both passengers (railway/mass transit) and freight, provided the CBTC signalling equipment, while ZTE provided the LTE equipment and devices required for the test.
The test result shows that ZTE's LTE technology met the requirement of CBTC. The test covered scenarios such as static condition, handover, failover and load with static and dynamic configuration.
The key performance indicators (for example, packet loss, latency, maximal number of users, system start-up and shutdown time) fully comply with the requirement of CBTC transmission, ZTE said.
Prior to the lab test, ZTE and Ansaldo STS had already verified CBTC over LTE in the Hangzhou Metro (pictured) using the automatic train operation (ATO) mode. This field verification confirmed that key performance indicators, such as packet loss and latency, fully met the requirement of CBTC.
LTE is being touted as a possible successor to the widely used GSM-R communication-based train control system used on European railways. However, with new GSM-R systems still being deployed, LTE is not expected to be widely used in Europe for at least a decade if not longer.


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Integration of entrepreneurship into educational curriculum will reduce the high rate of unemployment in Nigeria
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It is self evident that education is the key that unlocked the inner mind towards creativity. There are geniuses no doubt, but remember that a sage has defined genius as 99 per cent perspiration and one per cent inspiration. the developed world has long recognised the symbiotic relationship between the 'Gown' and 'Town', that's why a sizable portion of their GDP goes into research.
The bottom line is that if integration of entrepreneurship into our educational curriculum is properly planned and executed as a genuine collaboration between the Institutions and the Industries, the idea will not only help solve our unemployment problems, but equally assist in laying a solid foundation for the nation's industrial breakthrough.
Entrepreneurship study in Institution is beyond class work.if our institutions do not know how to do it,they should engage expert from outside. It's more of apprenticeship than course work.
This is a critical issue that higher institutions of learning in the developing world have to give thoughts. We will go nowhere until we learn to Do and not just to consume.
Longe Bankole-Phillips Graig-Phillips Educational Research Center 516 Ikorodu road Ketu Lagos Nigeria


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With Master Instructor Tim Brenton, Rock and Water Central
This professional development training offers educators and professionals a new way to interact with young people, adolescents, and adults. Through applied physical exercises you will develop an understanding of your own capabilities and methods to involve, instruct and inform others.
This workshop begins with simple body awareness exercises, boundary and communication exercises and some basic self-defence.
The workshop aims to develop self-confidence, the ability for self-reflection and respect for oneself and others.
- Powerful anti-bullying strategies
- Develops self-confidence and self-awareness
- Boundary awareness
- Communication skills and interpretation of body language cues
3 Day Workshop – $820.00 (inc GST) price includes Catering, New – hardcover Manual and Basic Exercises DVD
– ADD the Implementation Pack to your registration
$280 (inc gst) Price Includes:
- flashdrive of resources and certification for each participant.
- A2 posters (set of 18 )
- 2 certificate packs including 2 new designs
- 4 mini posters
- theory booklet
- personalised storage envelope


Almonds of La Palma
18 November 2015
mandelbluete-flor-almendro-almond-blossom-la-palmaThe island La Palma is known for its almond blossoming during January and February, enchanting mainly landscapes at average heights in the northwest of the island.
Shortly after the conquest, by the end of the 15th century, the first almond trees have been brought onto the island by new settlers. From the incredible biodiversity almost 40 species have suvived until today.
But how do Almonds ripen and how are they handled?
4a-schluchten-und-weite-puntagorda-rundwanderung-mandelnFirst of all they certainly have to grow and mature naturally.
For this reason, a tender, green seed pod is formed after flowering. The young hull more likely reminds of a peach.
This is the protecting coat for the desired seed core.
While fruits grows up in the summer sun until the autumn, a woody shell forms around.
Seed pods become thicker, harder and turn into a brownish colour. From mid/end of October, depending on the weather and degree of ripeness, the outer coat bursts open.
Harvesting gets started.
Therefore, a kind of net is spread underneath the tree to catch almonds that are knocked off with a stick. Dry weather is perfect for harvesting.
In former times, hard shells have been cracked laboriously by using a hammer or stone.
You can still observe this procedure during the annual Almond Blossoming Festival in Puntagorda, which is even a discipline in a competition.
Harvesting in sacks requires the use of appliances...mandeln-almendras-prunus-dulcis-cooperativa-virgen-del-pino
mandeln-prunus-dulcis-cooperativaIt is convenient that Puntagorda has its own almond cracking machine.
In 1963 the "Cooperativa Agrícola Virgen del Pino" was founded.
At the beginning, this place was used to prepare and pack tomatoes from this region for sale, explains Carlos Manuel Martín Pérez.
However, tomatoes soon became less important and the cooperative purchased a Jabus brand „cascadora".
mandeln-almendras-prunus-dulcis-cooperativa-virgen-del-pino-mandelschalenCarlos ist responsible for receiving the almonds.
Most of the cooperative members meanwhile are seniors, but also foreign residents bring in their harvest.
Either the cooperative buys those almonds or owners pick up their cracked-open almonds later.
The Ayuntamiento of Puntagorda also stores up in order to share out almond seeds to the visitors during the Almond Blossom Festival.
Even if almonds are found everywhere around the place, Carlos keeps track of all sacks and buckets.
He knows exactly which almonds belong to whom and splits them by owners and sorts, before filling them separately into the machine's gullet.
Shell almonds, large almonds, sweet almonds, semi-sweet almonds...
It is a noisy and rattling procedure to separate seeds from their shells before the machine spits them out in special containers.
In the Palmerian Kitchen Almonds are used in many Desserts and Sweets
Private persons and bakeries use their harvested almonds to produce almond cheese, almond paste, almendrados, bienmesabe, rapaduras and other treats.
Almond shells are sold. They are popular for smoking goat cheese or for composting and are also used as an isolation material, for example for the floors of caves.
For many centuries profits from the cultivation of from Prunus dulcis contributed to the income of the people of La Palma.
In the 1950s the export peaked by its extension to the United Kingdom (UK).
In 1991 the weight of the peeled almonds was merely 10 tons, and today has shrinked to 3 to 4 tons.
Formerly in Spring Almonds were grafted on existing Bitter Almond Trees
A practical procedure - however, it has a crucial pitfall.
mandeln-almendras-prunus-dulcis-cooperativa-virgen-del-pino-puntagorda-waageIn case you fail to practice tree maintenance and remove shoots, by tearing them away below the grafts, you possibly harvest original bitter almonds.
Those are industrially used in other countries but are absolutely bad for La Palma.
Just a tiny amount of bitter almonds in the sack makes it unsellable.
During the grinding or mincing process of sweet almonds the bitter taste ruins the flavour.
Moreover, bitter almonds eaten raw are toxic.
Preferable, other trees of the rosaceous family are used for grafting, like plum or peach.
Almond trees require care
They have to be trimmed every 2 years, otherwise they start "ageing".
Thereby at first small twigs slowly wilt, followed by entire branches. Almond wood is a is an excellent firewood, after all.
Additionally terrains have to be kept grass-free.
Otherwise this could lead to fungus attacks, which destroys trees.
Unfortunately, due to the absence of tree care more and more almond trees are endangered.
It is a great pity, as Palmerian almonds due to the moderated, subtropical climate are of excellent quality.
Although they are more expensive, than those imported from competitors of California, Palmerian people prefer local almonds.
They are part of a healthy diet and the amount of old people on La Palma seem to be a prove that.
For local people almonds, figs, Gofio and goat mild or goat cheese are part of their basic food.
„Cooperativa Agrícola Virgen del Pino"
Almonds of the cooperative from Puntagorda are registered under the name „Cooperativa Agrícola Virgen del Pino" and are sold at following places:
Spar, El Pinar, Puntagorda
El Rincón de la Fruta, Los Llanos
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 - Uka Roesch Uka Roesch
 Das Mandelmus kann man natürlich einfach so aus dem Glas essen, es eignet sich aber auch hervorragend, um es z.B. Salatsosse beizumischen, die wird dadurch nussig und sähmig. Es ist auch ein ganz besonderes Mitbringsel.
 Abgesehen davon natürlich sehr gesund und nahrhaft.


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Living history celebration explores secret behind Powder Valley Nature Center name
St. Louis — Just what is in a name? Today, Powder Valley Conservation Nature Center in Kirkwood is an ideal place to peacefully enjoy nature.
But the origins of its name come from war.
As part of the Nature Center's year-long 20th anniversary celebration, Powder Valley will present a living history weekend Friday and Saturday, May 13 and 14, for a special two-day program called "Blast to the Past: A History Festival". Visitors will explore the history behind the Powder Valley name and enjoy a fascinating and educational glimpse into the past of the area.
"Although we've only been here 20 years," said Assistant Nature Center Manager Catherine McGrane, "this land has its own history."
The powder was gunpowder. The "valley" was a series of caves that once existed under what is now I-270. According to McGrane, during the Civil War, Federal forces stockpiled gunpowder in the caves to use in blowing up bridges should the Confederate army attempt to invade St. Louis by way of the Meramec River.
The celebration begins Friday night from 7 to 9 p.m. with presentations by three first-person interpreters, each representing a different Civil War-era perspective: a Union soldier, Confederate soldier and a slave. A reception will follow the program allowing visitors to talk with each interpreter.
McGrane thinks it will be an ideal way to get a feel for what people were really like back then. "It's one thing to stand and talk about it," said McGrane, "it's another thing to become the person. Your audience can relate better and be more passionate about it."
The exploration of the past continues on Saturday from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. with events at both the Nature Center and nearby Emmenegger Nature Park. A free shuttle will allow guests to park at either site and visit both.
A variety of historic crafts will be demonstrated such as candle making, storytelling, wood carving and fire starting. Civil War re-enactors will be encamped at Emmenegger Nature Park. Local historian and musician Dee Ban will perform and interpret 19th-century music. A Civil War doctor will display medical instruments of the era. Participants will even have a chance to try their hand at historical skills like archery and the atlatl, an ancient spear-throwing device.
All events during Powder Valley Nature Center's "Blast to the Past: A History Festival" weekend are free of charge and open to all ages. Reservations are required for the Friday evening program, but not for the events on Saturday. For reservations and more information, call _PHONE_.
Powder Valley Conservation Nature Center is located 11715 Cragwold Road, near the intersection of I-44 and I-270 in Kirkwood. Emmenegger Nature Park is also off Cragwold Road, just west of the Nature Center.
The Nature Center will continue to feature special events each month this year to commemorate its 20th Anniversary. Powder Valley first opened its doors to the public in October 1991.


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Friday, May 18, 2012
Shelly Kreiczer-Levy (Academic Center of Law & Business - Israel) has posted Inheritance Legal Systems and the Intergenerational Bond (Real Property, Probate, & Trust Law Journal) on SSRN. Here's the abstract:
This article offers an analysis of three legal systems of inheritance: American law, common law family provision, and civil law. It offers a unique reading of these systems by focusing on the role of continuity in inheritance and by stressing the position of potential recipients. It uses the concept of the intergenerational bond to capture the intersection of continuity, property, and the giver–receiver interrelation. It then highlights the role of continuity in each system and explores their different constructions of continuity. Two main conclusions arise. First, each of these systems has a bifocal dimension. Second, these legal systems can be defined along two axes. One axis is the balance between the giver and the receiver. The other is the content of the bond. The balance between testamentary freedom and familial continuity varies among legal systems, but provides a general model for understanding these systems.


text: Abstract Background: Much interest has been drawn to the investigation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid (HPT)-axis in patients suffering from depression or panic disorder. However, there is no data concerning agoraphobia. Methods: Patients with panic disorder, agoraphobia, major depression were compared to normal controls (total n=88) in respect to HPT axis, obtaining basal TSH and administering a TRH test. Results: Normal controls and agoraphobics showed significantly higher Δ max TSH than depressives and panic patients. There were no differences between agoraphobics and normal controls. Conclusions: Agoraphobia, unlike depression or panic disorder, seems to be less biologically determined in respect to the HPT-axis.


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There is a horizontal distance of 9 km between two cities on the Croatian coast. The road connecting these two cities has a climb of 13 permille. What is the height difference between Croatian cities?
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- Mountain railway
The railway line's height difference between points A and B is 38.5 meters. Their horizontal distance is 3.5 km. Determine the average climb in permille up the track.
For horizontal distance 4.2 km, road rise by 6.3 m. Calculate the road pitch in ‰ (permille, parts per thousand).
Between cities A and B is a route 13 km long of average 7‰ stúpanie. Calculate the height difference between cities A and B.
Between points A and B, whose horizontal distance is 1.5 km, the railway line has an 8 permille climb. Between points, B and C with a horizontal distance of 900 m are climbed 14 permille. Calculate differences in altitudes between points A and C.
- Two municipalities
The horizontal distance between municipalities is 39 km. The average sinking is 7 per mille. What is the difference in height between these municipalities?
- Climb in percentage
The height difference between points A and B is 475 m. Calculate the percentage of route climbing if the horizontal distance between places A and B is 7.4 km.
- Horizontal 3166
The road leading from place A to B has a gradient of 9%. Determine the horizontal distance of these two places, assuming that the difference in their altitudes is 27.9 m.
Railways climb 2.8 ‰. Calculate the height difference between two points on the railway distant 5997 meters.
- Difference 7985
The distance between cities A and B is 125 km. Two cars start from these places at the same time. The difference in their speed was 3 km/h. They met in an hour. What was the speed of each car?
- Distance 3528
The direct distance between Prague - Moscow is 1680 km. How far apart are these cities on the scale map 1:_PHONE_?
- Difference 23481
The distance as the crow flies between Dolní and Horní Ves is 3 km, and the steady climb is 5%. What is the height difference between Horní and Dolní Ves rounded to the nearest meter?
The road sign which informs the climb is 8.7%—the car drive 5 km along this road. What is the height difference that the car went?
- Horizontal 26131
What height difference does the 2.5 km long ski lift overcome when the horizontal distance of the entry and exit station is 1200 meters?
- Difference 6029
Between the resorts is 15km, and the climb is 13 per mille. What is the height difference?
- Carousel for children
There are 5 seats evenly distributed on the children's carousel in the shape of a circle. What kind the arm of the carousel (connecting the center of the carousel to the seat) is long if the distance between with two seats is 1.2m?
- Distance between two cities
The car went from A to B in 4 hours. The car was up 15 km/h faster on the way back. The return trip took 48 minutes shorter than the way there. Find the distance of cities A and B.
Railway line had on 5.8 km segment climb nine permille. How many meters does the track ascent?


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Jointly developed outcomes guide the work of the FDC collaborative and demonstrate that they have achieved agreement on desired results. Without agreement on shared outcomes, each of the partners is likely to measure its progress as it did prior to the collaboration, based on its own internally defined outcomes. Particular importance needs to be given to the outcomes for the whole family—parents' recovery as well as safety and permanency of the children to appropriately reflect a family-centered approach in monitoring the effectiveness of the FDC collaborative effort
Joint accountability and shared outcomes developed in a collaborative process guide the work of the partnership by providing a performance and measurement driven framework for working with children and families. Defined performance indicators or benchmarks allow the partnership to measure the impact it is having together in the respective systems. It enlists the commitment of partners to work on achieving comprehensive family outcomes for example both permanency for children and recovery for parents.
This webinar continues the sustainability discussion, focusing on program outcomes. Lessons learned from a national perspective will be presented. The primary learning objectives are:


Pronunciation of Whither
English Meaning
 1. To what place, result, or condition: Whither are we wandering?
 2. To which specified place or position: landed on the shores whither the storm had tossed them.
 3. To whatever place, result, or condition: "Whither thou goest, I will go" ( Ruth 1:16).
Malayalam Meaning
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Salina South High School730 E Magnolia Rd
Salina, KS 67401
Design Achievement – DLR Group's design for the additions and renovations at Salina South High School responds to the District's goals of creating an engaged learner through flexible and adaptable spaces in a safe and secure environment. The design includes two major classroom wings and an auxiliary gymnasium, along with an improved new main entrance to the high school. The school is organized around two distinct learning environments – one centered on the Humanities and one centered around STEM. CTE courses are dispersed between the two learning environments to reinforce the connection between the core curriculum and the advanced CTE curriculum. Large sliding doors further increase the connection between spaces and create a highly flexible and collaborative environment. The commons and media center link the two learning environments together and become a hub for activity within the school.
Scope Summary - The 275,000 SF high school accommodates 1,477 students in two distinct learning environments centered around Humanities and STEM. The organization within each learning environment reinforces the overall building concepts of flexibility and collaboration. Each learning environment contains CTE courses adjacent to the core curriculum spaces. These CTE courses offer high visibility from the circulation space to showcase and enhance awareness of the rigorous coursework happening within and enhance the learning environment and academic interaction for students. Collaboration space is located centrally in the learning environments connecting to both the learning environments and CTE courses. The student commons connects the existing performing arts and athletic spaces, allowing the commons to be a preand post-function space for public events and activities. DLR Group provided architecture, engineering and interior design services for this project.


Moving a window from a disconnected monitor to connected monitor
Consider a laptop that runs a Windows Operating system. (We have found that this applies to Windows Vista, Windows 7 and Windows 8 as well.)
Let's say, when at work, I connect a monitor via USB to the "left" of the laptop monitor. It's identified as monitor 3.
At home, I use a monitor that sits to the right of the laptop monitor. It's monitor 2.
Monitor 1 is the inbuilt laptop monitor.
Now at home I open a window, any window, on monitor 2. Then I come to work and plug in monitor 3. Anything I had open on monitor 2 is now stuck in un-retrievable land. It keeps attempting to display on a monitor that is no longer connected.
If you look closely, you'll see that you still get the icon for the app down in your task bar. If so, do the following:
 - Select the icon for the app and hit ALT+ SPACE and then M.
 - This will select Move for the Window selected.
 - Now use your keyboard arrow to move the window in the proper direction to the active monitor.
Once you have hit at least on arrow key to start the move, you can them use the mouse for the rest, which unless the resolution of the screen that isn't present is small is usually a bit quicker.
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By Kelly Elder
Well, summer is officially behind us. The first day of autumn was Monday, September 22 which was a beautiful day. Sunny and warm temperatures allowed the farmers to get back into the fields after rain showers on Sunday.
Fall also arrived without any major frosts being reported in the area. The mercury dropped to near freezing on August 23 and on September 14 it dipped again to zero but left no damaging effects.
The first "killing" frost of the year came on September 24 when the low registered was -1.5°C. Andrew Giraudier, who records the daily temperatures for Environment Canada said that the average date for first frost, using data collected over the past 34 years, is September 20.
We got a full 10 days more of frost free weather over last year when Jack Frost put a frosty end to many gardens in the area with an overnight low of -8.5°C. Giraudier also noted that the recorded temperatures could vary slightly around town with different elevations that are present within the town of Coronach.
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text: FISHSHOT is a documentary project about loneliness, emotional isolation, and sentimental repression in Finnish society. These problems go further when the people start drinking to fight against them. The excessive consumption of alcohol is present in more than half cases of suicide, homicide and gender violence. A problem rooted in Finnish society that causes, directly or indirectly, a huge number of deaths among the population. The consequences hurt a country well known for its high-quality life, surrounded by idyllic landscapes, cold and darkness.