Matching and Netting Agreements
Matching and Netting Agreements
Netting and matching are a feature of foreign exchange risk management and are carried out to reduce the scale of external hedging required.
For example, Group X is expecting to receive $10 million in one subsidiary and pay $6 million at the same time in another subsidiary. Clearly the group only has a net exposure of a receipt of $4 million.
The terms 'netting' and'matching' are often used interchangeably but strictly speaking they are different:
 - Netting refers to netting off group receipts and payments, as in the example above.
 - Matching extends this concept to include third parties such as external suppliers and customers.
Normally netting/matching only occurs in one currency at a time - in the above example $ were matched against $. However, if an agreement exists to do so, groups can also match different currencies against each other. This is the topic of this page.
The calculations can be presented in one of two ways: the tabular method and the diagrammatical method. Both are explained below.
Tabular method
Step 1: Set up a table with the name of each company down the side and across the top.
Step 2: Input all the amounts owing from one company to another into the table and convert them into a common (base) currency (at spot rate).
Step 3: By adding across and down the table, identify the total amount payable and the total amount receivable by each company.
Step 4: Compute the net payable or receivable, and convert back into the original currency.
Diagrammatical method
Step 1: Convert all currency flows to a common (base) currency using spot rates (NOT forward or future rates).
Step 2: Clear the overlap of any bi-lateral indebtedness.
Step 3: Clear the smallest leg of any 3 way circuits.
Step 4: Clear the smallest leg of any 4 way circuits (then 5, etc).
Step 5: Convert back into original currencies.
Step 6: Use the simplified figures for:
A Settlement
B Setting up appropriate hedging tools.
Created at 9/12/2012 10:43 AM by System Account (GMT) Greenwich Mean Time : Dublin, Edinburgh, Lisbon, London
Last modified at 11/13/2012 3:39 PM by System Account (GMT) Greenwich Mean Time : Dublin, Edinburgh, Lisbon, London
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There are many dimensions to systemic change. The following aspects of systemic change are considered important in the Vincentian Family
- Involving the poor themselves, including women and young people, at all stages: the identification of needs, planning, implementation, evaluation and revision;
- Having a holistic vision — addressing a series of basic human needs: individual and social, spiritual and physical, especially jobs, health care, housing, education, and spiritual growth — with an integral approach toward prevention and sustainable development;
- Placing particular emphasis on self-help and self-sustaining programs, with a special view toward addressing the root causes of poverty.
Articles at the Vincentian Encyclopedia about Systemic Change
- Systemic Change, an Introduction by Robert P. Maloney, CM - provides background to the general concept of systems analysis, looks at how systemic change fits within the context of Vincentian values, clarifies terminology, and offers criteria.
- Systemic Change: Seeds of Change - strategies for systemic change presented in twenty articles by members of the Vincentian Family's Commission for Promoting Systemic Change
- Systemic Change and the Vincentian Family - the report of May 31, 2007 from a meeting of Vincentian Family Leaders, where they called for a focus on systemic change.
- Systemic Change - Vincentian Study Guides - prepared by leaders of the Vincentian Family; situates the idea of systemic change in Vincentian tradition; political engagement; more
- Systemic Change Award - recognizes and supports systemic change projects within the Congregation of the Mission.
The concept is embodied in various movements and concepts.
- Community Development Corporations - Google search
- Community Investment - Google search
- Corporate Responsibility - Google search
- Micro-finance - Google search
- Social Change - Google search
- Social Empowerment - Google search
- Social Enterprise - Google. search
- Social Investment - Google search
- Social Entrepreneur - Google search
- Socially Responsible Investing - Google search
- Visionary Leaders - Google Search
- Systemic change - Google search
- See also Changemakers Google search
Examples of Systemic Change
The Systemic Change Award established by the Congregation of the Mission in October, 2005 provides examples in the awards made in 2006 and following years.
We welcome posting of examples of other systemic change efforts by the followers of Vincent and Louise.
- D.R.E.A.M.: a program for combating AIDS in Africa, which is jointly sponsored by the Daughters of Charity and the Community of Saint'Egidio. Drug Resources Enhancement against Aids and Malnutrition
- Pedro Opeka, CM - The transformation of slums in Madagascar
- Norberto Carcellar CM - Improving conditions of the people who live in the Payatas garbage dump outside Manila
- Daughters of Charity - Helping Ethiopian Women Sew Their Way Out of Poverty
Non-Vincentian stories of systemic change
- See section below on "Media Resources"
- Sharing Stories of Social Change PBS site
Not every aid project exemplifies systemic change. (see "Concept" section above for ways it is being understood in the Vincentian Family.)
OneWorld "Indian Social Entrepreneur of the Year 2007" offers some criteria for examples of systemic change that could be adapted for the projects in the Vincentian Family.
- 1. Innovation
- You have brought about social change by transforming traditional practice. Such transformation has been achieved through
- • An innovative product or service
- • The development of a different approach, or
- • A more determined or rigorous application of known technologies, ideas and approaches.
- A salient characteristic of a social entrepreneur is developing a pattern-changing idea and implementing it successfully.
- 2. Sustainability
- Your innovation has generated the social conditions and/or institutions needed to sustain the initiative and you are dedicating all of your time to it.
- • If set up as a non-profit entity, your organization is achieving some degree of financial self-sustainability through fees or revenues or is engaged in creating mutually beneficial partnerships with business and/or the public sector. Where possible, economic incentives are embraced. In any case, there is a clear difference from traditional charity and a move towards community-based empowerment and sustainability. There is also a difference with traditional business.
- • If set up as a for-profit entity, the orientation toward social and environmental value creation predominates, with financial return treated as a secondary means to an end, rather than an end in itself.
- 3. Direct social impact
- You have founded, developed and implemented the entrepreneurial initiative directly, together with poor or marginalized beneficiaries and stakeholders. The Impact of your work manifests itself in quantifiable results and testimonials and is well documented. There are no significant negative externalities.
- 4. Reach and Scope
- The initiative has spread beyond its initial context and has been adapted successfully to other settings in the country or internationally, either by your organization, or through others who have replicated or adapted elements of it.
- 5. Replicability
- The initiative can be adapted to other regions of the world to solve similar problems. As an entrepreneur you are open to sharing with others the tools, approaches and techniques that are critical to the adaptation of the initiative.
Full length films
- Pay It Forward The film
- The film is about one boy's homework, and how that assignment changes the world.
- The assignment in question is extra credit, an assignment that Social Studies teacher Eugene Simonet (Kevin Spacey) gives every year.Think Of An Idea To Change Our World–And Put It Into Action. When Mr. Simonet asks for their responses, they tell him the assignment's 'weird' and 'hard.' Mr. Simonet suggests another word: Possible. It is from this simple but potentially complex assignment that many different lives are affected.
- A simple yet profound example of involving people in solutions.
- Susan Retik and Patti Quigley were two ordinary soccer moms. Over the course of two years, as they cope with loss and struggle to raise their families as single mothers, these extraordinary women dedicate themselves to empowering Afghan widows whose lives have been ravaged by decades of war, poverty and oppression - factors they consider to be the root causes of terrorism.
Using YouTube for International Development Examples of how other groups are using this wildly popular site to get their message out.
- Overview of Ashoka 11 minutes, 27 seconds
- Ashoka Video Series Introduction to 16-program DVD series, some of the world's greatest social entrepreneurs share their inspiring stories and strategies – in their own words.
- Clinton at Global Philanthropy Program 2 minutes, 7 seconds
- Youth Inspired to Solve Social Problems 5 minutes 42 seconds
- Empowering Women In Rural India 9 minutes 7 seconds
This is but a sample of the many videos in this series.
Grameen Foundation 16 minutes
- Empowering People; Changing Lives; Innovating for the World's Poor
- Recycling in the Bronx
- Columbia, MissisippiIn this virtual walking tour, Columbia activist and evangelist Charlotte Keys, founder of Jesus People Against Pollution, describes life near the plant and her fight to win justice for her community.
KIVA Kiva - Loans that Change Lives
- Kiva lets you connect with and loan money to unique small businesses in the developing world. By choosing a business on Kiva.org, you can "sponsor a business" and help the world's working poor make great strides towards economic independence. Throughout the course of the loan (usually 6-12 months), you can receive email journal updates from the business you've sponsored. As loans are repaid, you get your loan money back.
- NY Times Video - Nicholas Kristof of The New York Times visits his loan recipient: a baker in Kabul.
- Burrito Project - Burrito Project website
- Skate4Cancer - Skate4Cancer website
- Invisible Children - Invisible Children Website
This is but a sample of award winning sites in various categories of social impact
- The New Heroes tells the dramatic stories of 14 daring people from all corners of the globe who, against all odds, are successfully alleviating poverty and illness, combating unemployment and violence, and bringing education, light, opportunity and freedom to poor and marginalized people around the world.
- Schwab Foundation Introduction 10 minutes, 20 seconds
- Rural Development Institute 10 minutes, 40 seconds
- Dentistry Helping Poor Get Jobs 6 minutes, 37 seconds
- Operation Kickstart Developing Entrepreneurs in Africa 7 minutes 12 seconds
- Health Care for the Poor 5 minutes, 5 seconds
- Recycling 7 minutes,5 seconds
- Argentinian Social Entrepreneur 2007 8 minutes 18 seconds
- Drug Rehabilitation 5 minutes, 31 seconds
- Micro-finance 11 minutes, 05 seconds
- Providing Children With Books 7 minutes, 19 seconds
- Day Care 6 minutes, 55 seconds
- Medical in the Amazon 9 minutes 5 seconds
- Motorcycles deliver health care 5 minutes, 20 seconds
Games for Systemic Change
Changemakers.net for more information on using games for social change and the source of the list below.
- Confronting the Challenges of Participatory Culture: Media Education for the 21st Century - By Henry Jenkins, Director of the Comparative Media Studies Program at MIT, et al
- Serious Games Initiative
- Games for Change
- Games for Health
- GAME MASTER: A profile of Will Wright - By JOHN SEABROOK, The New Yorker: November 6, 2006
- Dream Machines by Will Wright
- The Long Zoom by Stephen Johnson
- Climate Challenge: the BBC-funded online game
-

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


TY - THES AU - Sgaravatti Saboredo, Franco T1 - What are the elements that enable the growth of the sport of surfing? DA - 2017 CY - Chur PB - Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft HTW Chur A3 - Luthe, Tobias AB - The industry of surfing has grown so much in the last decades that it has even influenced countries with no access to the ocean, Switzerland is a clear example. Not only that surfing can be practiced in rivers, nowadays technology permits the creation of artificial waves that can emulate waves from the ocean and in Switzerland, there are various projects developing in the upcoming years. The aim of this research study is to analyse the current industry of surfing in the country, to identify who the main players are, future developments and finally, find what are the elements that enable the growth of surfing in Switzerland. In order to accomplish this, an intensive theoretical background analysis was done to gather already existing information. After collecting information, expert interviews were followed by addressing key companies and people involved in the industry. Last but not least, a customer survey was developed to gain further information on the demand side of the industry. M3 - Bachelorarbeit Tourismus M4 - Citavi ER -


English to French: more detail...
 1. melt down:
Detailed Translations for melt down from English to French
melt down:
to melt down verb (melts down, melted down, melting down)
 1. to melt down (smelt; melt away; dissolve)
 fondre; dissoudre; se fondre; se liquéfier; dégeler
 - fondre verb (fonds, fond, fondons, fondez, )
 - dissoudre verb (dissous, dissout, dissolvons, dissolvez, )
 - se fondre verb
 - dégeler verb (dégèle, dégèles, dégelons, dégelez, )
Conjugations for melt down:
 1. melt down
 2. melt down
 3. melts down
 4. melt down
 5. melt down
 6. melt down
simple past
 1. melted down
 2. melted down
 3. melted down
 4. melted down
 5. melted down
 6. melted down
present perfect
 1. have melted down
 2. have melted down
 3. has melted down
 4. have melted down
 5. have melted down
 6. have melted down
past continuous
 1. was melting down
 2. were melting down
 3. was melting down
 4. were melting down
 5. were melting down
 6. were melting down
 1. shall melt down
 2. will melt down
 3. will melt down
 4. shall melt down
 5. will melt down
 6. will melt down
continuous present
 1. am melting down
 2. are melting down
 3. is melting down
 4. are melting down
 5. are melting down
 6. are melting down
 1. be melted down
 2. be melted down
 3. be melted down
 4. be melted down
 5. be melted down
 6. be melted down
 1. melt down!
 2. let's melt down!
 3. melted down
 4. melting down
Translation Matrix for melt down:
VerbRelated TranslationsOther Translations
dissoudre dissolve; melt away; melt down; smelt break down; break up; collapse; crumble; demolish; depart; destroy; disintegrate; dissolve; drag down; fall apart; fall to bits; fall to pieces; get down; go; go away; leave; melt away; pull down; take down; tear down; tear loose; wreck
dégeler dissolve; melt away; melt down; smelt become less stiff; defrost; fuse; fuze; melt; stop freezing; thaw
fondre dissolve; melt away; melt down; smelt become less stiff; burn out; decrease; defrost; diminish; drop; dwindle; fuse; fuze; go down; lessen; melt; melt together; merge; reduce; shrink; shrink away; shrink back; shrivel; shrivel up; stop freezing; thaw
se fondre dissolve; melt away; melt down; smelt fuse; fuze; melt together; merge
se liquéfier dissolve; melt away; melt down; smelt become less stiff; liquidify
- melt; run
Synonyms for "melt down":
Related Definitions for "melt down":
 1. reduce or cause to be reduced from a solid to a liquid state, usually by heating1
 - melt down gold1
Related Translations for melt down
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If You've Had an Organ Removed, Should You Still Massage Its Reflexology Point?
reflexology for missing organ, reflexology removed organ, organ removed
One of the questions that I am frequently asked is whether someone should massage a reflexology point if it no longer applies to them. For example, if your spleen or gallbladder was removed many years ago, you may wonder whether you should massage the organ's reflexology point. After all, you don't have the organ any more, so is it still beneficial to massage its reflexology point?
The answer is YES.
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has a broader perspective on organs than the Western medical view. The TCM perspective encompasses not only the physical organ, but also the organ's energy meridian, and its yin and yang elements.
So even though you may no longer have the organ in your body, you still have its accompanying energy meridian. The same applies not just for organs, but also for any body part such as the tonsils or appendix. The energy still exists and so does the energy meridian that runs through the area.
Your Body Is Your Home
Think of your body's energy meridians like an electrical circuit running through your home. You want your qi—your body's electrical current—to flow smoothly and abundantly. So even though you unplugged the toaster and removed it from the counter, there is still electricity going to the kitchen.
A similar analogy applies if an organ was surgically relocated to a different area in your body. That's like taking the toaster, moving it to the dining room, and plugging it in there. Even though the toaster is no longer in the kitchen, you still need to maintain the wiring in the kitchen because the electricity powers other appliances.
The same holds true for the qi flowing through your energy meridians. The qi still flows through its original location, so it's beneficial to massage the corresponding reflexology point.
Emotional Reasons for Massaging a Point
When someone has had an organ removed, they may feel regret, guilt, or shame about the missing organ. They may think, "I should have done something different. Maybe I should have gotten a second opinion." They may feel badly about the experience and their body, thinking, "I am no longer whole."
The flow of qi is affected by your thoughts so negative thinking can actually disrupt the smooth flow of qi through an area. Want to test this out? Take a second to think of something that's been bugging you lately. If you pay attention to your body, you'll notice that your breathing may have become shallower, your jaw may have clenched, or you may be tensing up one part of your body.
Now imagine what years of feeling regret, shame, and guilt can do to your body, especially when you're directing it to the same place (the missing organ) every day. So to help prevent energy blocks, massage the organ's reflexology point, and also visualize bright white light flowing through this area of your body. Bringing your focus to the area in a loving manner will help to naturally relax and release tension—and this will help keep your qi flowing smoothly.
Even if you're not missing an organ, you can always visualize loving white light surrounding any portion of your body, or even your entire body. Go ahead and try it right now. You'll be amazed at how your breathing deepens and your body relaxes. It's a simple and easy way to improve the flow of qi.
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text:
This 298-acre preserve contains outstanding Chesapeake Bay beach, dune, and maritime forest communities, migratory songbird habitat, and an exemplary population of northeastern beach tiger beetles.
There is a parking lot at the entrance to the preserve and three marked hiking trails with interpretive signage.
Savage Neck Natural Area Preserve with its mile of Chesapeake Bay shoreline is special for its unusual bay-side dunes and associated plant communities, and because it supports one of the most important conservation areas in the world for the federally threatened northeastern beach tiger beetle (Cicindela dorsalis dorsalis). The diverse maritime plant communities on the preserve represent highly important habitats for migratory birds.
Visitors can take a 0.75-mile, marked trail through some of the highest sand dunes on the Eastern Shore. In the fall, the annual Eastern Shore Birding and Wildlife Festival provides a wonderful opportunity for birdwatchers to visit Savage Neck Dunes and see a variety of neo-tropical warblers and other migratory songbirds.
Last Updated: 4/9/2013 11:52 AM


text:
Definition of phytochrome in English:
noun[mass noun] Biochemistry
A blue-green pigment found in many plants, in which it regulates various developmental processes.
- This macroscopically observable reaction was identified to be coupled with light-induced processes of the photoreceptor phytochrome.
- This is the opposite of the situation in higher plants, where red light activates and far-red light inactivates phytochrome.
- The plant photoreceptor phytochrome exhibits remarkable structural and functional variabilities in the plant cell.
Definition of phytochrome in:
- US English dictionary
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text: The two lighthouses are similar in appearance, both being square, pyramidal towers topped by enclosed, square lantern rooms that are surrounded by a simple metal gallery. A white, trapezoidal daymark with a red vertical stripe is mounted on the seaward face of both towers. The front tower is 9 metres (29.5 feet) tall, while the rear tower is 10.1 metres (33.2 feet) tall. As the front tower is located near the shore at the western end of the harbour, its focal plane of 9.3 metres (30.6) is roughly the same height as the tower. The focal plane of the rear range light is 14.8 metres (48.5 feet).


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Tags:The First Noel violin lesson,christmas music,how to play The First Noel in violin,Paul Huppert,_URL_
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Hi, this is Paul Huppert with OnlineLessonVideos.com. In this lesson we'll be working on the timeless Christmas tune The First Noel. It will be in the key of D major and we'll be covering two different octave ranges. I hope you enjoy the lesson.
Keep in mind when playing this arrangement of The First Noel that essentially we're using allegato stroke throughout or very singing like tone rather like if you have a paintbrush on your hand you want a lot of pliability or flexibility in the wrist and fingers which tends to soften the bow changes somewhat and make everything a little more seamless. Let's start at the beginning.
And here open A is perfectly fine. You can placendo a bit to this point as the down beat of measure seven and then after that you can taper finishing off the phrase.


South Africa – Pongrácz Champagne
South Africa is not only famous for its diamonds, but also for its grapes, wines and sparkling wines produced there. If you visit the Stellenbosch wine region, you may come across a Hungarian name.
Pongrácz Champagne is the most famous and one of the most popular champagne brands in the country. It was named after Dezső Pongrácz: a Hungarian nobleman, an outstanding figure in South Africa's wine and sparkling wine industry.
Dezső Pongrácz, or as he is known in South Africa: Desiderius Pongracz, fought as a soldier in World War II. After World War II, he was captured by Russia, where he spent more than 10 years in a labor camp. After the labor camp, he returned to Hungary for a while, but after the outbreak of the revolution of 1956, he reached the African country on his adventurous journey.
After arriving in South Africa, he began working on farms and then climbed up the ladder until he had acclimatized there such popular species like Chardonnay, Sauvignon or Pinot Noir.
He also dealt with wine and sparkling wine from a scientific point of view, and has published many studies and books throughout his life, and is still regarded by many as the founders of South African sparkling wine. At the age of 61, he died in a car accident while delivering wine to a friend.
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text:
The Beginnings of Baptist Hospital - 1920s
- Old Main (1923)
- Progressive Care (1928) - Originally built as the Blanche Barrus Nurses' Home
Old Main (1923)
Old Main was the original Baptist Hospital building. The five story, 80 bed facility was officially dedicated on May 28, 1923. On October 24, 1978 the building was demolished to make room for Watlington Hall. In 1920 the Baptist State Convention appointed a committee to select a site for the hospital. The four largest cities in North Carolina were possible options: Charlotte, Winston-Salem, Greensboro and Raleigh. The winning site was of course Winston-Salem. Construction began in 1921.
For a history of NCBH and the School of Nursing, read Ms. Heinzerling's 1960 manuscript.
Although this photograph has "30" in the upper right corner, this picture most likely is not from 1930. Rather, this photograph is probably from around 1923 when the building was completed, as there are no grown trees or bushes in the front.
The site the Baptist State Convention building committee chose was an 11.2 acre, undeveloped piece of land in the Ardmore section of Winston-Salem. The land was heavily wooded with a small brook. It has been written that the tract of land was known as the "wilds of Ardmore." Ardmore as a whole was not fully developed at this time. Only two houses faced the hospital, and there were two paved roads: Hawthorne and Queen Street.
This is another photograph of Old Main. Here small trees and bushes are apparent, so it must be later than the previous picture but earlier than 1941, as the medical school building is not visible.
When the hospital first opened, the first floor was made up of offices, a sitting room, x-ray department, nurses' dining room, switch-board and kitchens. The Director of Nurses also lived on the first floor in her own suite. During the first year of operation, the hospital only used two floors for patients, the third and fourth floors. The third floor was for obstetrical patients while the fourth floor was for medicine and surgery for adults and children. The fifth floor was used as living facilities for the nurses of the Nursing School. During the first week of operation, twenty five patients were admitted to the new hospital.
Another photograph of Old Main with its original entrance and no medical school building to be seen. Once again, the small trees and bushes lead one to believe the date is sometime after 1923 but before 1941. One source lists the date as 1928.
In 1978 the demolition of Old Main began, much to the reluctance of Medical Center staff. It was necessary to tear down the historic building because it was not fire-proof, thus making it unusable for patient care, and renovating it for office space was not economically feasible.
A funeral of sorts was held for the building on October 11,1978 before demolition began. Many people involved in the Medical Center's growth spoke about Old Main during a memorial service for the building.
This photograph has "1923" labeled in the lower left corner, but this too is unlikely the photograph's date as there are mature trees and bushes around the building. The photograph was taken by Dr. W.H. Sprunt, an employee at the hospital.
In 1948 the hospital underwent some construction that changed Old Main's entrance.
This undated photograph shows Old Main's new entrance (1948) as well as the first medical school building (right).
Progressive Care Building (Blanche Barrus Nurses' Home) 1928
What is now known as the Progressive Care Building, was once the Blanche Barrus Nurses' Home. Completed in 1928, makes Progressive Care the oldest standing building at the Medical Center. This facility is easily noticeable on the corner of Hawthorne Road and Medical Center Boulevard.
North Carolina Baptist Hospital was home to a Nursing School, and it was customary for the students to live in the hospital. Soon enough, the nursing program outgrew its residences on the fifth floor of the hospital making the construction of a new home necessary.
The home was dedicated to Blanche Barrus, the first paid, full-time secretary of the Woman's Missionary Union (WMU). Blanche Barrus traveled the state spreading her missionary goals, and then worked on obtaining her medical degree in order to become a medical missionary. Just before completing her internship, Blanche Barrus became ill and died.
Two nursing students shared each bedroom with a full bathroom between every two rooms. There was even a classroom in the basement. In 1936 an additional eighteen bedrooms were built as well as a front porch.
The nurse in the right photograph is Lucille Cain Hartman, class of 1932.
In 1959 renovations began on the Nurses' home to convert it to a progressive care center. The nurses moved into the Twin Castles Apartments, adjacent to the hospital.
The Progressive Care Center opened in 1961 and provided seventy-nine hotel type patient rooms, bringing the hospital's bed count to almost 500. The center also had a beauty shop, barber, cafeteria, snack bar, and recreation room.
Such an idea was unique and received national attention. The PCC primarily served out of town patients who did not need close nursing supervision, thus reducing the costs of the patient's stay. In 1974 a new twenty-six bed psychiatric inpatient department opened on the third floor.
This photograph was not dated, however it is sometime after the 1961 opening of the PCC. The exterior of building today has not changed much since it was built in 1928. Currently the PC Building is home to several departments such as facility services and the life support education program.


FeaturedGhana NewsNewsPolitics
NDC replies Bawumia with 60 achievements of Mahama
The main opposition National Democratic Congress says they are ready for the comparison of achievements challenge being advanced by Vice President Dr Mahamudu Bawumia.
The Vice President in a Facebook post Tuesday published what he says are 50 achievements of President Akufo-Addo which put him ahead of former President John Mahama in the upcoming polls.
The NDC in a counter statement Wednesday outlined what they say are 60 deliverables of the former President making him the better candidate for Ghanaians as they head for the polls in December.
Below is the NDC's list of Mahama's achievements
60 Credible Achievement of John Dramani Mahama government
 1. He deployed emergency plants and speed up the completion of ongoing plants resulted in the addition of more than 800 megawatts (MW) of power within 18-months.
 2. In addition to the Energy Sector Levy and ongoing works to restructure the legacy debt of the power utilities, which helped to stabilise the power situation.
Water and sanitation
On water, President Mahama increased investments in the provision of clean drinking water and cited the provision of boreholes, small town water systems and major urban water treatment projects as some initiatives that had significantly increased access to clean drinking water.
 1. The Teshie desalination plant,
 2. The Kpong water expansion project
 3. The ATMA project have expanded access to urban water supply in the capital, Accra.
 4. The Wa water supply project
 5. The 3Ks project, covering Kumawu, Konongo and Kwahu,
Roads and transport
John Mahama's tenure of office had some of the most massive investments in the road sector in the history of the country. Some of the road projects include;
 1. Achimota-Ofankor
 2. Awoshie-Pokuase
 3. Sofoline
 4. Tetteh Quarshie-Adenta.
Other projects include;
 1. The Kwame Nkrumah Interchange,
 2. The Kasoa overhead bridge
 3. The Airport Hills/Burma Camp network of roads,
15 The 37-El Wak-Trade Fair road.
 1. The NDC government invested more resources in continuing the Eastern corridor roads
 2. Asphalt overlay of roads in regional and district capitals
 3. Cocoa roads across the country
Other ongoing projects before leaving office includes;
 1. The Tema Motorway Roundabout decongestion project.
 2. New bridge from Flower Pot Roundabout on the Spintex Road over the Accra-Tema Motorway to East Legon.
Projects ready to commence, such as
 1. The Obetsebi-Lamptey interchange
 2. The Pokuase Interchange
 3. The Motorway expansion project.
 4. The TarkwaBogoso- Anyanfuri road
 5. Some Projects include;
Expansion of the Takoradi and Tema Harbours
Construction of Terminal(T3) of Kotoka International Airport
Sekondi -TakoradiKojokrom railway line
Central Markets in Kumasi and CapeCoast
 1. John Mahama's government inherited an economy that was running a high deficit, with increasing inflation and interest rates characterised by a rapidly depreciating currency.
He recalled the forum at Senchi and said it was an attempt to forge a consensus for a home-grown fiscal consolidation programme, noting that the outcome eventually became the basis for the International Monitory Fund (IMF) Extended Credit Facility (ECF) programme that the country was implementing.
 1. During his tenure in office, a large number of health professionals trained under his administration to improve the healthcare delivery system of the country.
Health Projects
 2. The expansion in the utilisation of the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS). In 2015, the out-patient utilisation of NHIS stood at 29 million, up from nine million in 2008.
The NHIS on the whole had also been improved under his administration to ensure that people, including the vulnerable, had access to quality healthcare.
Second phase of the Tamale Teaching Hospital Expansion Project
 1. Regional Hospitals: 420-bed Ridge Hospital Expansion Project, Bolgatanga Regional Hospital, 250-bed Ashanti Regional Hospital at Sewua-Kumasi
160-bed Upper West Regional Hospital
 1. Institutional Hospitals:
- 500-bed Military Hospital Project in Kumasi
- 104-bed Police Hospital Project, Accra
- 130-bed Maritime Hospital, Tema
 1. Polyclinics
Five polyclinics (Phase III) in the Brong Ahafo Region at Nkrankwanta, Wamfie, Kwatire, Techimantia and Bomaa.
 1. Health Centres
 1. CHPS Compounds
Out of 2,948 functional CHPS zones, 1,260 have been constructed.
 1. Eye Care Centre at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital
Social protection
 1. His administration helped cushioned the poor and vulnerable, many social protection programmes were introduced.
 2. The number of people benefitting from schemes such as the School Feeding Programme, the Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty (LEAP) and the Eban card, had been expanded to cover majority of the poor and vulnerable population in the country.
 1. The John Mahama government continued to support the provision of free textbooks and uniforms to pupils in public schools, and it has restructured and enlarged the school feeding program.
 2. The provision of 10,000 free sandals to eligible pupils. This was his initiatives to follow through on raising the quality and inclusiveness of education for everyone in Ghana.
 3. The school shift system, through which pupils run shifts due to lack of adequate classrooms, has now been eliminated in many of our communities. In Wa, Sunyani, Tarkwa, Dansoman, Krachi Nchumuru in the Oti Region and many other areas, school children can no longer skip school to play truant in the name of the school shift system.
 4. In the area of Accelerated ICT Education, his administration improve upon ICT at the basic level, 81,000 basic school teachers were trained to enable them acquire the requisite skills in the use of ICT in teaching and learning.
A total of 54,500 laptops were procured and distributed to basic school teachers and 60,000 laptop computers were distributed to public schools across the country.
 1. A bills passed in his administration which includes Technical University Act, Act, 2016 (Act 992). This made some of the polytechnics changed to Technical Universities.
University of Environment and Sustainable Development (UESD),
The Chartered Institute of Taxation Act, 2016,
The National Commission for Tertiary Education Bill,
National Accreditation and Qualification Authority Bills, 2015,
Ghana Book Development Council Bill and The Chartered Institute of Bankers Bill, 2015.
 1. To facilitate the management of education delivery the Mahama led administration procured and distributed 500 vehicles to the educational institutions-senior high schools, universities, colleges of education and polytechnics.
 2. In terms of School Infrastructure – A total of 1,856 out of 2,578 basic school projects have been completed under the Schools Under Trees programme. The remaining was due for completion. A number of teachers bungalows, education offices, sanitation blocks and 203 out of 232 classroom blocks includes the SHS E block have been completed.
Under the Early Childhood Care and Development (ECCD), the Mahama led administration rehabilitated 345 KG classrooms, constructed 1,347 KG blocks and provision of 1,875 KG tables and chairs.
Job creation must also be supported by the expansion of opportunities in the agricultural sector. There is the need to secure sufficient supplies of food at affordable prices. Following our strong commitment to the modernisation of agriculture;
 1. The government of Mahama increased the number of rice maize, yam harvesters. Additional emphasis has been put on grain storage facilities and the creation of bore holes for agricultural purposes.
 2. Agricultural mechanisation service centres was established.
 3. His achievements includes reviving cotton farming in the Northern Ghana.
 4. Between 2009 and 2011, the government also rehabilitated several irrigation dams in the Greater Accra, Volta, Ashanti and Brong Ahafo Regions.
 5. Ghana produced more than 1m tonnes of cocoa in 2011, a significant increase over the output in 2008, which stood at about 680,000 tonnes.
In line with Government's determination to develop sports infrastructure,
 1. The 15,000 seater capacity Cape Coast Stadium.
 2. Progressive prominence of Ghanaian sportswomen and men at the African Youth Games in Gaborone, Botswana in 2014, the Youth Olympics in Nanjing, China in 2014, the Commonwealth Youth Games in Apia, Samoa in 2015, and the All-Africa Games in Brazzaville, Congo in 2015.
 2. Keta Sea Defence Resettlement Housing Scheme.
 3. Ad


text:
Dairy Farm Manager Resume
Here is the Dairy Farm Manager Resume example:
804 Smithfield Avenue
Amarillo, TX 79101
Job Objective Qualified Dairy Farm Manager seeking situation that allows me to use my knowledge to gain business for the company and to bring about positive change.
Highlights of Qualifications:
- Experience in managing machinery and automotive on food industry
- Thorough knowledge of large scale businesses
- Operational knowledge of fertilizers and seeds
- Ability to provide efficient feedback
- Ability to prepare continuous improvement strategies
- Remarkable organization skills
- Ability to work under pressure
- Proficient to maintain technical knowledge on dairy
- Familiarity to supervise facility
Dairy Farm Manager
Landcorp, Amarillo, TX
October 2008 – Present
- Planned appropriate budget techniques to achieve targets.
- Developed and executed nutrient management plan.
- Administered milking process and maintained hygiene in plant.
- Maintained and update all management records.
- Evaluated various animal health programs to achieve goals.
- Monitored mating program for all animals and ensured good health.
- Ensured compliance to all animal welfare codes.
- Prepared business plans and budget for 5 year.
Dairy Farm Supervisor
Braum's Ice Cream & Dairy Stores, Amarillo, TX
August 2003 – September 2008
- Administered everyday activities for all milking process.
- Assisted in breeding of cows and performed various duties.
- Performed regular inspection of barns and maintained cleanliness.
- Monitored all injuries and illness in animals and provide assistance.
- Developed strategies to ensure optimal milk yield.
- Prepared schedule of vaccination and breeding.
Dairy Farm Worker
Dairy Farmers of America, Amarillo, TX
May 1998 – July 2003
- Assisted to wash cows and provide insecticides on farm.
- Prepared and administered efficient treatment.
- Coordinated with supervisor and examined all cows.
- Maintained all breeding data and provided update.
- Ensured clean milk containers and equipments.
- Maintained various farm fences in facilities.
Bachelor's Degree in Agriculture Studies
Southwestern College, Phoenix, AZ
- 1File Count
- March 1, 2023Create Date
- March 1, 2023Last Updated
Most Popular Resumes
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text:
A sentence needs to make sense.
Look at these words: dog bone the its ate.
They don't make sense like this, but if we swap them round and add a capital letter and a full stop we get a proper sentence.
The dog ate its bone.
In this worksheet, you can practise making proper sentences out of jumbled words.
Here is a jumbled sentence. Swap the words round so that it makes sense and write the new sentence in the answer box.
Don't forget to put in a capital letter and full stop (not a question mark)!
yellow bananas are


text:
Researching The History Of A Country House
A Guide to Sources & Their Use
Date of publication: 2010
The origins of this book date from the early 1990s when the author began to research the history of his own country house in the Kent Downs at Trimworth, near Canterbury. These early investigations led him to see how Trimworth could be used as a case study in a voyage of discovery which others could also enjoy. The book will be most relevant to the owners of country houses, providing a methodology for the less experienced to trace an exciting pathway of inquiry. It is based on an exploration of a wide range of maps and documentary sources available from local, regional and national archive centres. This fully illustrated guide encourages a systematic process of research into the fascinating and topical subject of house history and makes frequent reference to online sources.


Hawaii Entry Requirements
Double Lines
Please note the following entry requirements for travel to the United States:
 - You must hold a passport valid for at least six months from the date you enter the US.
 - You must be on a short and temporary visit.
 - You must agree to leave the US before the expiration of your visa.
 - You must hold a valid passport for the intended period of stay.
 - You must hold a valid visa issued by the US Embassy or Consulate.
 - You must maintain your identity as a foreigner during your stay.
 - You must comply with all requirements on visa issuance.
 - For more information, please contact the US Embassy or Consulate in your country.
Citizens of the following countries; the United Kingdom, Andorra, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brunei, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, San Marino, Singapore, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland may be eligible to travel to the United States visa-free under the Visa Waiver Program if they are travelling for business, pleasure or are in transit, and they meet all of the following requirements.
When your plane arrives in Hawaii, airline staff will direct you to Immigration Review where you will wait in line for your turn. During the review, hand your passport, a completed entry or exit record card and your customs declaration to the examiner (these will be distributed on the plane). The inspector will ask you some simple questions about your reasons for staying in the United States, the length of your intended stay and may ask you for your return ticket for reference. After the review has been completed, the reviewer will stamp your passport and issue a formal 1-94 form to you. This form will clearly indicate to US Customs the type of entry and potential duration of stay. Once this is finished, you may move on to Customs Declaration.
The natural beauty of Hawaii's fragile environment comes from its geographical isolation from other ecosystems. It's important to know that bringing plants, produce or animals can introduce pests and non-endemic species that could be destructive to Hawaii's environment.


1. A coil of copper wire has a resistance of 90Ω at20oC and is connected to a 230V supply. By how much mustthe voltage be increased in order to maintain the current constantof the temperature of the coil rises to 60oC? Take thetemperature coefficient of resistance of copper as 0.00428 from0oC.


text: This paper focuses on heritage conservation as it relates to, and intersects with, the realm of municipal finance. The thesis builds a case that municipal Heritage Property Tax Relief Programs (HPTRP's) in Ontario, as they currently exist, do not work as they were designed. HPTRP's are aimed at incentivizing heritage designation by offering a financial benefit to property owners, yet in their current configuration, result in additional costs that reduce their effectiveness. The ideal solution would be for the Province to review and redesign the program; however, this is unlikely. A practical solution, which is proposed in this paper, is for municipalities to create a Community Improvement Program (CIP) tool that off-sets some of the unforeseen costs associated with HPTRP's. The two programs have a history of working synergistically at the local level – and together can accomplish what HPTRP's were intended to achieve unilaterally.


text:
* Applications of ER suspensions are of wide interest both in academia and industry
* Surveys a large body of literature on the mechanism of the ER effect and the design of industrially applicable ER devices
* Discusses technological problems affiliated with industrial applications
An electrorheological (ER) suspension is made from an insulating liquid medium embodying either a semi-conductive particulate material or a semi-conductive liquid material (usually a liquid crystal material). Since its mechanical properties can be easily controlled over a wide range (almost from a pure liquid to a solid), the ER fluid can be used as an electric and mechanical interface in various industrial areas, for example, in the automotive industrial for clutch, brake and damping systems and in robotic arm joints and hands.
In addition, the ER technique can be used to fabricate advanced functional materials such as photonic crystals, smart inks, and heterogeneous polymer composites.
The major objective of Electrorheological Fluids is to present a comprehensive survey on the ER suspensions in term of screening high performance ER materials, physical mechanisms of the ER effect, and the applications of ER technology.
For those working in the ER fluids area/related application fields and informing those interested in non-aqueous systems including polymer and polymer composites


Subject: Re: Inherited shared slots
From: Erik Naggum <>
Date: 1998/04/13
Newsgroups: comp.lang.lisp
Message-ID: <>
* Erann Gat
| Here's a puzzle for you CLOS and MOP wizards.
 I'll try to answer, anyway.
| Is there a way to have a slot variable that is inherited as a class
| allocated variable in the sub-class?
 sorry to be so elaborate, but do you mean as in this example:
(defclass foo ()
 ((zot :allocation :class)))
(defclass bar (foo)
(eq (setf (slot-value (make-instance 'bar) 'zot) (cons nil nil))
 (slot-value (make-instance 'bar) 'zot))
 should yield T?
 if so, you're in luck, because this is already the specified behavior of
 shared slots, _unless_ you create a new slot with the same name. here's
 what the HyperSpec says on this issue (7.5.3):
 A consequence of the allocation rule is that a shared slot can be
 shadowed. For example, if a class C1 defines a slot named S whose
 value for the :allocation slot option is :class, that slot is
 accessible in instances of C1 and all of its subclasses. However, if
 C2 is a subclass of C1 and also defines a slot named S, C1's slot is
 not shared by instances of C2 and its subclasses. When a class C1
 defines a shared slot, any subclass C2 of C1 will share this single
 slot unless the defclass form for C2 specifies a slot of the same name
 or there is a superclass of C2 that precedes C1 in the class precedence
 list of C2 that defines a slot of the same name.
 hope this helps.
 religious cult update in light of new scientific discoveries:


On Writing: Ernest Hemingway
Hemingway Writing For Whom the Bell Tolls
Little Foxes
Take us the foxes, the little foxes, that spoil the vines: for our vines [have] tender grapes—Song of Solomon 2:15, KJV
Do we have "little foxes" that spoil an otherwise well-written piece of prose? Let me rephrase. Do we have too many "little foxes"? All of us writers have them. They often pop out on our pages while we're writing. Oftentimes, we're unaware of their presence.
Little wordy foxes are words we tend to overuse, words such as so and that. Every author has his/her own foxes, and we must be careful not to overdo ours. Many times, we don't need them.
Let's look at the word that.
 1. John thought that Billy played golf yesterday.
 2. John thought Billy played golf yesterday.
In the second example, I deleted that because the sentence is clear without it. A good way to identify when this word is unnecessary is when it follows a verb. In such cases, the word usually isn't needed. Read your that sentences without using it. Is your writing still clear? If it is, delete that.
Let's look at the word so.
 1. So, John sees you can cook.
 2. John sees Mary can cook.
 3. He lifted the bucket so he could dump out its contents.
The first example is acceptable in dialogue, but if we use lots of sentences starting with so in our narrative, write it like the second example. Example three is fine as well because it's used as a conjunction.
Do use these little verbal foxes, but use them correctly. Also, take care not to overdo them because if too many sneak in, they'll spoil our writing.
Till next week, friends!


text:
We are working hard to make what3words available offline in every language. Currently English, Spanish, Portuguese and Swahili 3 word addresses can be searched and discovered without a data connection. All other languages require a stable connection; therefore if your app is using an online language, it will switch to English when entering offline mode.
Articles in this section
- Can I open a link to a 3 word address in satellite view?
- How can I see a 3 word address as latitude,longitude coordinates?
- How do I find my 3 words?
- Can I save 3 word addresses?
- Why don't the map and satellite locations match?
- How does what3words work at the North and South pole?
- Is what3words more accurate than GPS?
- When I search for a place or street address why does it sometimes show the wrong location?
- Why do I see different words every time I press the location button?
- Which app is best for me to use what3words offline?


text:
The Study of Formulations as a Key to an Interactional Semantics
- First Online:
- Cite this article as:
- Deppermann, A. Hum Stud (2011) 34: 115. doi:10.1007/s10746-_PHONE_-8
- 224 Downloads
As an Introduction to the Special Issue on "Formulation, generalization, and abstraction in interaction," this paper discusses key problems of a conversation analytic (CA) approach to semantics in interaction. Prior research in CA and Interactional Linguistics has only rarely dealt with issues of linguistic meaning in interaction. It is argued that this is a consequence of limitations of sequential analysis to capture meaning in interaction. While sequential analysis remains the encompassing methodological framework, it is suggested that it needs to be complemented by analyzing semantic relationships between choices of formulation in the interaction, ethnography, and structural techniques of comparing selected options with possible alternatives. The paper describes the methodological approach taken to interactional semantics by the papers in the Special Issue, which analyse practices of generalization and abstraction in interaction as they are accomplished by formulations of prior versions of reference and description.


text:
Air vessel tank used to maintain pressure in fire pumps. The size of the air vessel tank depends on the fire pump pressure.
Air Vessel Tank is a highly durable cylindrical container which is commonly used as an accumulator in high pressure fluid systems to store the compressed air and for the separation of the condensate through cooling. It also helps to maintain the pressure within the fire pump by compensating the fluctuations for the uniform and constant fluid distribution. It is designed as per the international organization for standardization that makes it highly durable and sturdy in construction.


Figure 3.
Distributions of evolutionary rate difference of protein pairs within the age-homogeneous motifs and the other motifs. The probability (y-axis) is calculated as the percentage of protein pairs whose evolutionary rate difference falls in a special interval that x-axis shows. (A) 3-motif. Average evolutionary rate difference is 5.8 × 10-2 for 3-motifs whose constituents are of the same age class and 7.9 × 10-2 for the other 3-motifs. Rank sum test, P <10-4. (B) 4-motif. The average evolutionary rate difference is 6.0 × 10-2 and 8.0 × 10-2 for the two 4-motif classes. Rank sum test, P <10-4. The common protein pairs of the two motif classes are removed in the analyses. The results are based on the PIN of DIP_YEAST_CORE.
Liu et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:133 doi:10.1186/_PHONE_-133
Download authors' original image


text:
20) Two recent cases, both dealing with the common hobby loss
from horse-related activities, illustrate the court's methods for assessing the taxpayer's QuickBooks records and how the use to which those records are put can produce opposite results.
If the activity is not engaged in for profit, it is subject to the hobby loss
rules in Sec.
Not surprisingly, the primary use of the hobby loss
Conversely, the hobby loss
rules act to prevent the expensing of what otherwise would be personal expenses disguised as "valid" business expenses, thereby causing significant losses of revenue to the Treasury.
The test instrument was based on the facts found in a 1988 Tax Court case (Kimbrough, 55 TCM 730) focusing on the hobby loss
Aggregating activities to avoid the hobby loss
Equinomics 101 instructs horse owners how to minimalize hobby loss
The Tax Court disallowed an IRS auditor's deductions for breeding greyhounds as a hobby loss
The court held that they were an integrated activity, given their organizational and economic interrelationships, and that the horse activity was therefore not a hobby loss
unearned income, hobby loss
rules, preferential rates for capital gains, and the antiquated and punitive $3,000a-year capital loss limitation.
Proper grouping may help a taxpayer avoid the application of the hobby loss
In one recent case, however, the Tax Court accepted that two seemingly dissimilar undertakings could be treated as a single activity for purposes of the section 183 hobby loss


text:
This example shows how to do freerun signal tracing using an Simulink® Real-Time™ host scope. After the script builds and downloads the oscillator model, xpcosc, to the target computer, it adds a scope of type 'host' to the real-time application and the signals 'Integrator1' and 'Signal Generator' to the scope. The application is started and the host scope is used for data acquisition and display. Note:
The model sample time is 250 usec.
The scope is set to acquire 200 samples with a decimation factor of 4.
This corresponds to a display length of 250e-6 * 200 * 4 = 0.2 seconds.
The scope is started in Freerun mode, and its status is monitored until it reaches the 'Finished' state. Next, the scope data is uploaded to the development computer and plotted. This process repeats 25 times. After every fifth run, the damping gain 'Gain1/Gain' is set to a new random value.
Use'slrtpingtarget' to test the connection between the development and target computers.
if ~strcmp(slrtpingtarget,'success') error(message('xPCTarget:examples:Connection')); end
Open the oscillator model, xpcosc. Under the model's configuration parameter Simulink Real-Time option settings, the system target file has been set to slrt.tlc. Hence, building the model will create an executable image, xpcosc.dlm, that can be run on a computer booted with the Simulink Real-Time kernel.
Build the model and download the image, xpcosc.dlm, to the target computer.
set_param('xpcosc','RTWVerbose','off'); % Configure for a non-Verbose build. rtwbuild('xpcosc'); % Build and download application.
### Starting Simulink Real-Time build procedure for model: xpcosc ### Generated code for 'xpcosc' is up to date because no structural, parameter or code replacement library changes were found. ### Successful completion of build procedure for model: xpcosc ### Looking for target: TargetPC1 ### Download model onto target: TargetPC1
Create the MATLAB® variable, tg, containing the Simulink Real-Time target object. This object allows you to communicate with and control the target computer.
tg = SimulinkRealTime.target; % Create a Simulink Real-Time target object tg.SampleTime = 0.000250; % Set sample time to 250us tg.StopTime = 10000; % Set stop time to a high value (10000s) start(tg); % Start model execution
Create, configure, and plot to the host scope during each run.
tPar = getparamid(tg, 'Gain1', 'Gain'); % Get index of parameter 'Gain1/Gain' signals(1) = getsignalid(tg, 'Integrator1'); % Get index of signal 'Integrator1' signals(2) = getsignalid(tg, 'Signal Generator'); % Get index of signal 'Signal Generator' sc = addscope(tg, 'host'); % Define (add) a host scope object addsignal(sc, signals); % Add signals to signal list of scope object sc.NumSamples = 200; % Set number of samples sc.Decimation = 4; % Set decimation factor sc.TriggerMode = 'Freerun'; % Set trigger mode figh = findobj('Name','scfreerundemo');% Does the plot figure exist? if isempty(figh) figh = figure; % No: Create figure set(figh, 'Name','scfreerundemo', 'NumberTitle', 'off'); else figure(figh); % Yes: Make it the current figure end % Loop to acquire 25 data packages from the scope object. m = 1; flag = 0; for n = 1 : 25 if isempty(find(get(0, 'Children') == figh, 1)), flag = 1; break; end % Change parameter Gain1/Gain every fifth acquisition loop % to a random value between 0 and 2000. if ~m setparam(tg, tPar, 2*1000*rand); end m = rem(m + 1, 5); start(sc); % Start scope object % Wait until scope-object has 'finished' acquiring the data. while ~strcmpi(sc.Status,'finished'); end; % Create time vector, upload scope data and display it. t = sc.Time; % Upload time vector plot(t,sc.Data); % Upload acquired data and plot title(['scfreerundemo: ',num2str(n),' of 25 data packages']); set(gca,'XLim',[t(1), t(end)]); set(gca,'YLim',[-10, 10]); drawnow; end if ~flag, title('scfreerundemo: finished'); end
When done, stop the application and close the model.
stop(tg); % Stop model close_system('xpcosc',0); % Close model


text:
Jammu Holiday Weather Overview
Jammu, the northernmost part of India, experiences a subtropical climate that features two major seasons, a very hot summer and a chilly winter. During the summer months, temperature in Jammu climbs to high thirties as June the hottest month of the year experiences around 45°C of average high. Although the season gets a great level of rainfall, it hardly helps reduce the heat. On the other hand, winter remains chilly for the visitors. Temperature often drops to 4°C while the high may fluctuates between 14-18°C. Snowfall is very much common during the winter months.
Jammu, the northernmost part of India, enjoys a subtropical climate with two major seasons, a mild hot summer and a very cold winter.
During the summer months, from May till September, the average high temperature in Jammu climbs to high twenties while the low temperature fluctuates between 15°C and 20°C. June is considered as the hottest month of the year when Jammu experiences more than 34°C of average high. Moreover, the season gets abundant of rainfall that often helps reduce the heat. However, as the season progresses towards the next season temperature in Jammu drops gradually.
Winter, on the other hand, remains chilly for the people with the average low of 7°C. During this period, September till March, the average high temperature fluctuates between14°C and18°C. January, the coldest month of the year, gets not more than 4°C of average low while the high stands at 10°C to 8°C. Snowfall is a common feature of the winter months. People from all over the world prefer the season to visit this stunning region of India to the summer months.


text:
Resource centre > News > New International Declaration for Ecological Restoration by Botanic Gardens
New International Declaration for Ecological Restoration by Botanic Gardens
11th April 2011
Above: Habitat recovery of scrub thorn vegetation in the Soan Valley, Punjab Province, Pakistan (March 2011). Planted seedlings of Acacia modesta and Olea ferruginea are protected with branches of Dodonea viscosa. A joint project of Government College University Lahore, Pakistan, and BGCI.
The Botanic Gardens Ecological Restoration Initiative ('The New York Declaration') was agreed by eleven organisations at a meeting in New York, USA in March 2011.
'Terrestrial ecosystems are being degraded and used unsustainably worldwide and are at risk of further degradation or imminent loss. Forty percent of the world's forests have been completely destroyed and much of what is left is fragmented. In many of the more seriously affected places, remaining habitats are not adequate for biodiversity conservation nor can they provide key ecosystem goods and services that supply fundamental economic benefits and contribute to poverty alleviation.'
The Declaration ends with a pledge to 'develop a global alliance of botanic gardens for ecological restoration with ambitious long term goals'.
Botanic Gardens Conservation International
Read the full text of The Botanic Gardens Ecological Restoration Initiative (PDF)
All botanic gardens that are interested in working together on ecological restoration are invited to contact Sara Oldfield at BGCI (_EMAIL_).
Read more about the joint ecological restoration project of Government College University Lahore, Pakistan, and BGCI.
10th May 2013
1st May 2013
26th April 2013
25th April 2013
23rd April 2013


South Jersey Ghost Researchers share haunted sightings with library audience
Washington Township Times By Washington Township Times South Jersey Newspapers
on October 07, 2011 at 12:00 PM
By Michelle Caffrey
The audience at the Margaret E. Heggan library gasped loudly when they heard the recording. The ghostly voice of a little girl exclaimed, "Hello."
It was one of many electronic voice phenomenon, or EVPs, that the South Jersey Ghost Researchers played for the captivated crowd on Sept. 26.
The researchers, a well-known nonprofit that's been featured on The History Channel, National Geographic and almost every major media outlet, presented their compelling evidence and fielded questions from the crowd.
The group's main focus is on helping private citizens confronted with unexplainable phenomenon in their houses, but it also never passes up the opportunity to investigate some of the eeriest historical locations in the tri-state area. Eastern State Penitentiary, Burlington County Prison Museum, and even the Old Stone House Village right in town are just a few of the hundreds of places the organization has studied.
"We're pioneers. We were the first to investigate many haunted places that you now see on TV," Investigator and Team Leader Kim Pietrzak said.
The researchers presented the best findings from their most active investigations, including photos of full-body apparitions and EVPs. They also explained their painstaking methodologies. Before the prospective investigators can even begin to snoop for the supernatural, they have to go through a lengthy training process. "You're going to learn how to do this, and do it well," Assistant Director Mandy McCaw said. "It's like bootcamp."
Investigators are trained to use the sophisticated equipment that they bring to each investigation, and the do's and don'ts of ghost hunting. Despite it's reputation as a séance staple, one of the biggest "don'ts" for the organization is the use of Ouija Boards.
They ask every one of their clients if they own a board, and if they say yes, the team won't continue their investigation until it's handed over.
"It's an unsafe tool," McCaw said. "It's adding an unknown factor to so many unknowns already." After they hand over the board, the group then brings it to a church for disposal.
The researchers presented at the library when it was at its old location on East Holly Avenue, but the library's new digs allowed for the group to show the audience their full range of eerie evidence, including recordings, videos, photos and more.
Pietrzak said many of their team members don't just research paranormal, they live with it daily. Many reside in haunted homes currently, or have in the past.
"When I was a child, I remember the covers coming off, things like that," Pietrzak said. "I remember being really curious. I wasn't afraid, but I realized other people might be frightened."
The organization's main focus is to help the people that they encounter reduce their fears and live comfortably in their own home.
After the presentation, the group answered the crowd's most pressing ghost questions— Do women experience sightings more than men? Why do experiences with the paranormal always seem to happen late at night?
Pietrzak said that while there are some theories about women being more open to emotional energies, it really depends on the person.
"I believe it doesn't matter," she said. "But one individual may be more open than another."
When it comes to the rumored "witching hours," when more supernatural events seem to happen, McCaw said that it can be explained with one of the simplest facts about the wee hours of the morning—everyone is asleep.
"That's the quietest time, not a lot of people are awake and moving," McCaw said, "So people tend to listen and hear a lot more."
McCaw enjoys presenting to crowds like the one at the library, partially because she relishes the opportunity to educate people on how paranormal investigators go about their work.
"A lot of ghost hunters on TV have a bad reputation," McCaw said. "We want to let them know that this is what we do, we're not what you see on the TV."
The problem with those shows, McCaw said, is that they have a policy of purposely antagonizing the spirits they're communicating with.
"Everything they do is provoking. We are against that," McCaw said. "We, as a rule, don't allow members to do that. It's out of total respect to the spirit."
Barbara Rothschild, a township resident, attended the event and even said she had her own supernatural experience at the Old Stone Village. Rothschild, who is a self-identified "sensitive", said she felt a random, severe pain in her lower abdomen when she was there with investigators. Later on, she learned that a farmer had been kicked by a horse in that same spot, resulting in his death.
"I picked up on that. A lot of people this paranormal stuff isn't possible, they tend to think you're a lunatic," Rothschild said. "It is real, it's very real. You've just got to tune into it."
For more information, visit


text:
Webinar: 5 Types of Referral Leakage to Measure (And What to Do About It)
Minimizing patient leakage in a health system's referral network is crucial. However, most organizations do not have the systems in place to measure leakage or determine where it is occurring. Without data, healthcare executives are left to guess about how best to ensure the integrity of their referral networks.
In this one-hour webinar, HSG will demonstrate the key types of patient leakage to identify, how best to measure the impact of that leakage, and strategies for addressing it.
During this webinar we will discuss the following concepts:
- Understanding the types of patient leakage data available
- How to analyze referral leakage data and monitor it over time
- How to diagnose organizational roadblocks to increasing referral capture
- How to build an effective strategy for engaging providers in creating a high-integrity referral network


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Triangle Palm grow and care – Palm tree of the genus Dypsis also known as Dypsis decaryi, Triangle Palm perennial evergreen used as ornamental plant, can grow in tropics, mediterranean, desert or subtropics climate and growing in hardiness zone 10+.
Leaves color green leaves pinnate fronds with need like leaves.
Triangle Palm flower
Flower color yellow or green, flowers grow on branch (palm fronds) on every branch can be dozens of flowers separate tree for male and female flowers.
Fruit color black the fruit small (non-edible).
Triangle Palm for sale – Seeds or Plants to Buy VIDEO How to grow Triangle Palm growing and care:
More than light frost, well-drained soil
What is the best way to start growing? Plant / Seedling / Seed / Vegetative reproduction Is it necessary to graft or use vegetative reproduction? No Difficulties or problems when growing:? Spring, summer, autumn Planting season: Mealybug Pests and diseases: Pruning season: Autumn (but possible all year) How to prune: Dead leaves and bloom stems Size of the plant? 7-15 m, 21-45 feet Growth speed in optimal condition: Medium growing Small amount of water Water requirement: Light conditions in optimal condition for growing: Full Sun / Half Shade No Is it possible to grow indoor as houseplant? Yes Growing is also possible in a planter /flowerpot / containers: Blooming information Spring /Summer Bloom season: General information about the flower Yellow or green flowers, small flowers grow on branch (palm fronds) on every branch can be dozens of flowers separate tree for male and female flowers. Scientific name:
Blooming Seasons Spring flowers Summer flowers Flower colors Green flower Yellow flower Climate Desert Climate Mediterranean Climate Subtropics Climate Tropics Climate Plant growing speed Plant life-form Evergreen Palm Perennial plant Tree Plant Uses Planting Season Autumn Planting Spring Planting Summer planting Plants sun exposure Full sun Plants Part shade Plants Watering plants Regularly water Small amounts of water Hardiness zone Hardiness zone 10 Hardiness zone 11 Hardiness zone 12 Hardiness zone 13


What is the origin of the phrase shit-eating grin? How did it come to mean showing smugness or self-satisfaction of an individual's actions?
From the Urban Dictionary:
...these uses are documented in the Oxford English Dictionary no earlier than 1957
There have been similar expressions used quite far back:
In Book XXI of his History of Rome, Livy describes a Carthaginian sect of coprophages, the risus faecivorus, or shit-eating grin, being commonly displayed by its adherents.
Although, its origin is undetermined, they may have been incidents which caused the invention of this phrase. Below is an excerpt:
"1944 Jrnl. Nerv. & Mental Dis. XCIX. 959 Among demented patients in advanced stages of their illness,..it is not rare to see some of them grasp their own feces, chew them and eat them often with great pleasure and satisfaction (coprophagia).
 - I can recall, about 40 years ago, hearing some nurses who worked at a hospital for mentally disabled discuss various traits of patients, including the eating of feces. So there may indeed be a literal connection. – Hot Licks Mar 6 at 23:07
 - The quote about Livy XXI is pure hogwash -- you shouldn't believe everything you read in the Urban Dictionary! – Gareth Rees Mar 18 at 15:35
The phrase in slang dictionaries
The earliest slang dictionary coverage of the expression that I've been able to find is from Robert Chapman, New Dictionary of American Slang (1986), which offers this entry:
shit-eating grin n phr An expression of satisfaction; a gloating look: Go ahead, sit there with that shit-eating grin on your face—Earl Thompson/ stood there with a smug shiteating grin on his face—Fingered City
Nine years later, Robert Chapman & Barbara Kipfer, Dictionary of American Slang, third edition (1995) changes that basic definition only slightly:
shit-eating (or turd-eating) grin n phr by 1960s An expression of smug satisfaction; a stupid gloating look: [citations omitted]
Jonathon Green, Chambers Slang Dictionary (2008) provides a similar interpretation:
shit-eating grin n. (also cat-eating grin, crud-eating grin, shit-eating smile) {[from] shit-eating [1940s+, "1 a general term of disparagement 2 sly, duplicitous 3 toadying, subservient"} {1950s+} (orig. US) a smug, self-satisfied smile.
On the other hand, Tom Dalzell & Terry Victor, The New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English (2006) counters with this rather different entry:
shit-eating grin noun a broad smile, ingratiating and unctuous US, 1957 [Citations omitted.]
The Earl Thompson quotation in Chapman's 1986 dictionary seems likely to come from his novel A Garden of Sand (1971), while The Fingered City (1975) is a book by Denison Hatch. If these dates are correct, neither instance that Chapman cites is particularly close to the earliest reported occurrences in print of "shit-eating grin."
Early instances of'shit-eating grin' and allied phrases, 1957–1961
The earliest confirmed matches for the phrase that I've been able to find in various database searches are from the period 1957–1961. I think it's worthwhile to consider several less taboo versions of the expression from this same period, since these may be instances of censorship-enforced euphemism. Readers can judge for themselves whether these are in fact euphemisms or simply weakly related (or totally unrelated) similar-looking phrases.
From Len Giovannitti, The Prisoners of Combine D (1957) [combined snippets]:
Both men looked up from their potato-peeling job as Bob Rawlins came into the combine and sat down on the bench opposite. He had a a queer grin on his face and Storch and Zukerman knew he was set to spring the latest rumor. Rawlins was the hottest fighter pilot ever born; he was also from Texas. Everybody knew this two seconds after meeting him; and three seconds after meeting him, everyone knew he was the biggest liar ever born. He loved rumors, good or bad, and spent his days living on each new one he heard or could dream up.
"Okay, what's the shit-eating grin for? What's up now?" Storch asked, winking at Zukerman.
Rawlins kept the grin. "You mean you ain't heard?"
"No, we ain't heard, so tell us before you choke," Storch said.
The expression here could very well mean "self-satisfied grin," although it is not altogether clear what sort of "queer grin" the author actually imagines is playing on the character's face. It seems entirely possible that the aspect of the grin that the author is focusing on in this passage is its artificiality, unnaturalness, or forcedness.
From Gene Brown, The Locust Fire (1957) [combined snippets]:
"'Hold up there, Tom," says Pappy.
"The colonel stops like he's been shot in the back. He's a damn fine figure of a man, especially in the dress pinks, with them squared-off shoulders. 'Well?' he says.
" Old Pappy walks around in front of him. I guess the colonel got a good whiff of the juice, because he kind of sways back on his heels. But Pappy steps up close, with a big dirt-eating grin on his face, and starts running his hands up and down the lapels. Then he flicks a little imaginary dust off the colonel's epaulets and moves back a pace. "That's a real pretty suit, Tom,' he says. 'Ain't it a pity all these poor hungry boys here can't be wearing one just like it?'"
Whatever the "dirt-eating grin" looks like here, a grin of satisfaction or gloating doesn't fit the context particularly well. Pappy is drunk, so his grin may be good-humored in a sloshed way, or it may be simply goofy, or it may be inappropriately familiar. Certainly, his conduct is insubordinate and highly offensive to the colonel.
From Hubert Selby, Last Exit to Brooklyn (1957):
He [Spook] picked up a old police bike for few bucks and fixed it up. You know, threw some paint on it and stole a wildass buddyseat all covered with fur and chrome, and was fulla piss and vinegar ta go. We toldim ta play it cool and relax and celebrate Tommys marriage. But he flipped when someone tried ta get that goddamn hat off his head so we said OK, wed go downstairs and look at his bike. So we looked. Big deal. Yaknow, when the cops is finished with a bike, man, its had it. But it was a bike and it moved. I think that sonofabitch woulda used it even if he had ta push it or pedal it like a kiddy car. So he kicks it over after 5 minutes and we listen to it cough and miss and Spook went puttin off with a shiteatin grin on his face and we went back up stairs and a few minutes later he comes back. Smilin all over the goddamn place and the strap of his hat under his chin. I tellya man, it was a pissa.
This is may be the 1957 quotation that most sources have in mind when they date "shit-eating grin" to 1957, although it is not the only instance from that year (as noted bove). Still, the sense of the phrase aligns reasonably well with the definition in Dalzell & Victor: "a broad smile, ingratiating and unctuous"—with the "broad smile" part, anyway.
From Evan Hunter, Strangers When We Met (1958):
Altar was smiling, but the smile was a crud-eating one, and Larry's years in the service had taught him to recognize the crud-eating grin and to know what it usually preceded. He felt himself stiffening.
"Sit down," Altar said. "Want a drink?"
"No." Belatedly, he added. "Thanks."
"Well, sit down anyway."
"Sure." Larry sat in the easy chair to the left of the bar unit, facing the blue couch upon which Altar still sprawled.
"I don't like to do this," Altar said. "I don't like it when it's done to me, and Christ knows it's done often enough. But I think there's a difference here, and if I'm wrong I'll apologize. Can I talk to you like man, Larry? Or do I have to give you the schmaltz?"
Here, the "crud-eating grin" seems to be a kind of grimace of forced conviviality preceding the imparting of bad news (in this case, the bad news is that Altar thinks that Larry's rough sketches "stink").
From Thomas Williams, Town Burning (1959):
"...A man killed my dog, that's all I know! Daisy, she was the sweetest little dog you ever see. She never hurt nobody, except rabbits. She was all hell on rabbits. Shot forty rabbits front of Daisy one year. I damn near lived on rabbits that year. You ought to heard Daisy on


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length of an amah equals 53.34 centimeters or 21.0 inches. Cf., Encylopedia Talmudit, II, 29, where the length of an amah is given as 54 centimeters according to Arukh ha-Shulhan.
Teshuvot Hatam Sofer states that the length of a fingerwidth is a "zoll." Since a biblical amah is equal to 24 fingerwidths, the length of an amah according to Hatam Sofer equals 24 zoll. Da'at Torah, Yoreh De'ah, Kuntres Aharon 35:116 states that the zoll is equal to 2.6 centimeters. That calculation is apparently also assumed by Darkei Teshuvah and Encyclopedia Talmudit. [Cf., however, Encyclopedia Britannica, loc. cit., which describes the zoll as a Swiss unit of measure equal to 3 centimeters.] Encyclopedia Talmudit, ad locum, indicates that, according to Hatam Sofer, the length of an amah is 62.4 centimeters or 24.567 inches. Thus a mil, according to Hatam Sofer, would equal 1248.0 meters or 4094.49 feet. Darkei Teshuvah 19:27 notes that the amah was marginally enlarged by rabbinic decree and, accordingly, should be calculated as 241/2 zoll. Darkei Teshuvah endorses the position of Hatam Sofer and states that the length of an amah according to Hatam Sofer is 63.8 centimeters. Thus, according to Darkei Teshuvah, an amah equals 25.12 inches and, accordingly, a mil equals 1276 meters or 4186.35 feet. Hatam Sofer's calculations are thus significantly greater than those of the earlier-cited authorities.
Darkei Teshuvot also cites a certain "Rabbi of Yasi" who calculated the amah as "no more than" 52 or 53 centimeters and an anonymous scholar who differed and calculated the amah as approximately 581/2 centimeters. Darkei Teshuvah also quotes She'erit Yisra'el, Parashat Mezora, who calculates the amah as 211/6 zoll or 56 centimeters and further opines that one who calculates the amah as 221/8 zoll or 57 centimeters is to be commended. Darkei Teshuvah cites an additional source for the latter calculation as well.
Da'at Torah, Yoreh De'ah, Kuntres Aharon 35:116, cites authorities who variously posit the length of an amah as 47 centimeters, 55.25 centimeters, a bit more than 57 centimeters and 58.5 centimeters, as well as one authority who asserts that according to Rashi the amah equals 43.8 centimeters, according to Shakh 45.02 centimeters, according to Taz 47.34 centimeters and according to Rambam 50 centimeters. See also the measurements ascribed to earlier authorities by Rabbi Weiss, Midot u- Mishkalot shel Torah, pp. 198-264 as well as the table presented ibid., introduction, p. 8. See also R. Moshe Shimshon Bacharach, Hut haShani, no. 97.
For a table correlating many of these measurements of the amah with the volume of the liquid revi'it see Midot u-Mishkalot shel Torah, introd., p. 8. Rabbi Kanievsky, Shi'urin shel Torah, p. 51, cites a discussion in the Palestinian Talmud, Terumot 10:7, that is understood by some authorities, including Riva, Commentary on the Pentateuch, Parashat Mishpatim; Ma'adanei Yom Tov, Berakhot 3:30; and Tosafot Yom Tov, Pe'ah 6:6, as indicating that a revi'it equals 240 grams. If so, an amah would appear to equal 73.368 centimeters or 28.885 inches. Rabbi Kanievsky categorizes that calculation of the revi'it as "extremely large" and as "not imagined by earlyday authorities."
Amah = Sacred Cubit
Amah = Hamah = one of the three words for the Sun
Radius of the Sun (R) = 695,_PHONE_ km
Tangent β = 0.00465041
Length A-C = 1 sacred cubit = 63.5cm
Earth's equator (length) = 40,077.27418 km
Equator = circle= 360 degrees = 21,600 minutes
40,077.27418 : 21,600 = 1.85542936 km
1 degree (Equator) = 1.85542936 km
1 : 100.000 = 1 cm on the particular drawing = 100.000 cm in the realty
A-C = 1 sacred cubit = 25 inches = 63.5 cm
Circle Z (circumference) = 1.85542936 cm
Diameter of the circle Z = 0.590602007 cm
Radius (R) of the circle Z = 0.295301004 cm
0.295301004 : 2 = 0.147650502 cm = 1/100,000 of the G. Pyramid's height
0.295301004 : 63.5 = 0.00465041 = tangent β
Sacred Cubit was created from the Earth's and the Sun's measurements.


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Pig Trap Interlocking
Safety interlocks are an essential feature in the design of pig traps. SFC interlocks can be specified to ensure the minimum safety arrangement of interlocking the vessel vent valve with the pig trap closure. This arrangement ensures the vessel vent valve is open before any attempt can be made to open the closure. With interlocks fitted to both the vent valve and pig trap closure, a key is released when the vent valve is opened. Removing the key from the vent valve locks the valve in the open position. This key is coded in common with the closure lock and only by opening and locking the vent valve, can the operator use the correct key to proceed to unlock and open the closure.


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Resource Smart Schools
What is Resource Smart Schools?
"Resource Smart Schools is a free program offered by Sustainability Victoria that supports Victorian schools to embed sustainability across the school facilities, community and curriculum, while saving resources and money for the school."
What Does this mean for our school?
The Resource Smart Schools program offers access to sustainability experts to support our ongoing mission to become a more sustainable school. We are working towards Sustainability Certification by measuring and tracking our use of resources, such as electricity, water, waste, and documenting the biodiversity on school grounds. With this information, we are learning to operate more sustainably, reducing costs to save on electricity, water and waste bills – and greenhouse gas emissions to minimise their impact on the environment.
The school is creating an environmental management system tailored to our needs which will benefit both student learning and our planet.
How does it work?
Schools must accomplish a set number of actions to complete a Module to receive a certificate valid for four years. Completion of the Core Module is the first step as it serves to develop a whole-school environmental management plan. The other four Modules include a minimum number of actions for completion, which once achieved, are submitted for verification. For each module verified, we will be awarded a star, and we are well on our way to achieving 5-star status


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If you live near a major roadway, you may want to pay close attention. A new study has found a link between the onset of dementia and the proximity of your residence to highway traffic.
It's no secret that common air pollutants, particularly those associated with auto traffic, are bad for our health. But a team of researchers from Public Health Canada wanted to find out how these pollutants affect our brains. For the study, researchers tracked almost 7 million adults between the ages of 20 and 85 who lived in Ontario between 2002 and 2012. Using postal codes, they were able to determine which people lived near major roadways, with "major" defined as the equivalent of an interstate highway based on daily traffic volume. The team then compared this data with each person's medical records, looking specifically for three neurodegenerative conditions — Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis and dementia. The team's findings were published in The Lancet.
Researchers didn't find a link between living near a highway and a person's likelihood of developing Parkinson's or multiple sclerosis, possibly because the overall likelihood of developing these conditions is so small. But they did find a connection between living near a major roadway and a person's chances of developing dementia.
"There is something different going on with dementia," said Ray Copes, chief of environmental and occupational health at Public Health Ontario and a co-author of the study.
The numbers make the risk clear
Copes and his team found that living within 50 meters (about 164 feet) of a major roadway increased a person's chances of developing dementia by 4 percent. That likelihood decreased as the residential distance from the roadway increased. Those who lived 100 meters (328 feet) away from a major road were 4 percent more likely to develop dementia while those who lived between 101 and 200 meters (as far as a tenth of a mile away,) had an increased risk of 2 percent. Beyond 200 meters, the increase in dementia risk was negligible.
The link between dementia risk and residential proximity to a major roadway held strong even after researchers adjusted for factors such as education, body mass index, smoking or socioeconomic status. Next up, researchers are hoping to determine if there's one particular pollutant that is responsible for the link, or if noise plays a role.


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- GeoGebra Materials Team
Line EF is a transversal of lines AB and CD.
When two lines are cut by a transversal, certain angle pairs are formed. Use the slider to show the different angle pairs. Each angle pair has matching colors. Write a definition of each angle pair by identifying where the angles are located. (The points may be used to move the lines.)


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Reader's Theater Play: Talk Like a Pilgrim
Learn how pilgrim children talked in this Scholastic News play.
- Grades: 1–2
How did Pilgrims greet one another? What were poppets? What chores were Pilgrim children responsible for? In this Reader's theater play, your students will hear how Pilgrim boys and girls talked. They'll also learn interesting facts about the daily life of children in colonial America. The Reader's theater activity also features a glossary of Pilgrim vocabulary, a map showing the layout of a typical Pilgrim village, and bright color photographs of Pilgrim life.


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Implications of traffic characteristics on interdomain traffic engineering
Abstract (Summary)This thesis discusses the implications of the traffic characteristics on interdomain traffic engineering with BGP. We first provide an overview of the interdomain traffic control problem. Then, we present results concerning the characteristics of the interdomain traffic, based on the analysis of real traffic traces gathered from non-transit ASes. We discuss the implications of the topological properties of the traffic on interdomain traffic engineering. Based on this knowledge of the traffic characteristics, we go on to study the complexity of designing interdomain traffic engineering techniques by defining the problem as an optimization problem. We show that designing traffic engineering techniques is possible but that several issues inherent to the current interdomain architecture make the task complex. Finally, we evaluate the current state-of-the-art of interdomain traffic engineering and discuss how we envision its future.
Source Type:Master's Thesis
Keywords:traffic engineering internet bgp
Date of Publication:03/02/2004


Middle Of The World Tour
The city Middle Of The World is a commemorative monument to the middle of the world, where the equator settles and splits the world into the two hemispheres. It's located 26 km north of the city of Quito and the coordinates for this place are 0°0'0'' (Not exactly, though).
 On this tour, you can also visit the Ethnographic Museum Middle of the World, a place with lots of activities to do and things to learn about indigenous people in Ecuador.
Middle of the Wold | Mitad del mundo | Travel Ecuador | Quirutoa
One of the most popular places to visit in Ecuador!
The first monument, or ruins rather, was built by an ancient indigenous culture named Quitu-Cara and it's actually situated at latitude 0 (0°0′0″N 78°25′43″W). It was discovered in 1736 as a result of an expedition called The French Geodesic Mission. In the following years, the scouts of this great mission defined the equatorial line after deep studies and measurements. The Ecuadorian Government built a 10 meters-high monument honoring the study and hard work of the french scouts, which later on would be replaced by a 30 meters-high monument.
Yet, the location of this monument is actually incorrect. Later on, it was discovered that the line drawn by the french expedition is off by 240 meters south of the true equator. Yet, the monument was already built so it's in this place where the middle of the world is commemorated.
Middle of the World in Ecuador | Quirutoa
Middle of the World - Explore Ecuador | Quirutoa
Middle of the world
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have some tweaking to do in the next section.)
For the Xylotex, the setup and hold times are very short, 200nS each (0.2uS). The longest time is the 2uS high time. If you have 11uS latency, then you can set the BASE_PERIOD as low as 11+2=13uS. Getting rid of the long 20uS hold time really helps! With a period of 13uS, a complete step takes 2x13 = 26uS, and the maximum step rate is 38,461 steps per second!
But you can't start celebrating yet. Note that 13uS is a very short period. If you try to run the step generator every 13uS, there might not be enough time left to run anything else, and your computer will lock up. If you are aiming for periods of less than 25uS, you should start at 25uS or more, run LinuxCNC, and see how things respond. If all is well, you can gradually decrease the period. If the mouse pointer starts getting sluggish, and everything else on the PC slows down, your period is a little too short. Go back to the previous value that let the computer run smoothly.
In this case, sppose you started at 25uS, trying to get to 13uS, but you find that around 16uS is the limit - any less and the computer doesn't respond very well. So you use 16uS. With a 16uS period and 11uS latency, the shortest output time will be 16-11 = 5uS. The drive only needs 2uS, so you have some margin. Margin is good - you don't want to lose steps because you cut the timing too close.
What is the maximum step rate? Remember, two periods to make a step. You settled on 16uS for the period, so a step takes 32uS. That works out to a not bad 31,250 steps per second.
In the last section, we got the Xylotex drive to a 16uS period and a 31,250 step per second maximum speed. But the Gecko was stuck at 31uS and a not-so-nice 16,129 steps per second. The Xylotex example is as good as we can make it. But the Gecko can be improved.
The problem with the G202 is the 20uS hold time requirement. That plus the 11uS latency is what forces us to use a slow 31uS period. But the LinuxCNC software step generator has some parameters that let you increase the various time from one period to several. For example, if steplen is changed from 1 to 2, then it there will be two periods between the beginning and end of the step pulse. Likewise, if dirhold is changed from 1 to 3, there will be at least three periods between the step pulse and a change of the direction pin.
If we can use dirhold to meet the 20uS hold time requirement, then the next longest time is the 4.5uS high time. Add the 11uS latency to the 4.5uS high time, and you get a minimum period of 15.5uS. When you try 15.5uS, you find that the computer is sluggish, so you settle on 16uS. If we leave dirhold at 1 (the default), then the minimum time between step and direction is the 16uS period minus the 11uS latency = 5uS, which is not enough. We need another 15uS. Since the period is 16uS, we need one more period. So we change dirhold from 1 to 2. Now the minimum time from the end of the step pulse to the changing direction pin is 5+16=21uS, and we don't have to worry about the Gecko stepping the wrong direction because of latency.
If the computer has a latency of 11uS, then a combination of a 16uS base period, and a dirhold value of 2 ensures that we will always meet the timing requirements of the Gecko. For normal stepping (no direction change), the increased dirhold value has no effect. It takes two periods totalling 32uS to make each step, and we have the same 31,250 step per second rate that we got with the Xylotex.
The 11uS latency number used in this example is very good. If you work through these examples with larger latency, like 20 or 25uS, the top step rate for both the Xylotex and the Gecko will be lower. But the same formulas apply for calculating the optimum BASE_PERIOD, and for tweaking dirhold or other step generator parameters.
For a fast AND reliable software based stepper system, you cannot just guess at periods and other configuration paremeters. You need to make measurements on your computer, and do the math to ensure that your drives get the signals they need.
To make the math easier, I've created an Open Office spreadsheet (_URL_ You enter your latency test result and your stepper drive timing requirements and the spreadsheet calculates the optimum BASE_PERIOD. Next, you test the period to make sure it won't slow down or lock up your PC. Finally, you enter the actual period, and the spreadsheet will tell you the stepgen parameter settings that are needed to meet your drive's timing requirements. It also calculates the maximum step rate that you will be able to generate.
I've added a few things to the spreadsheet to calculate max speed and stepper electrical calculations. (_URL_
Other stepper info:


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Harness your inner Greek scholar and approach this math puzzle logically
Inspired by the great Greek philosopher Aristotle, whose works contain the earliest known formal study of logic, the aim of this puzzle is to make every row add up to 38. This will take a very logical mind, indeed – there are fifteen rows in all directions to complete, top to bottom as well as diagonally. Each is made up of three, four or five pieces. This brilliant mathematical concept allows you to complete the puzzle by using every number from one to nineteen.
Challenging, sophisticated and beautifully designed, this antique finish wooden puzzle seamlessly merges math and logic into a fitting tribute to the founder of Western science and philosophy. While this puzzle wasn't invented by Aristotle, it's not hard to imagine that it would have piqued his interest!
Antique finish wooden puzzle measures 5" x 5".
WARNING: CHOKING HAZARD – Small parts. Not for children under 3 years.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Suppose that over an algebraically closed field $K$ of finite characteristic the numerical equivalence of cycles relation (for algebraic cycles of smooth projective varieties) coincides with the homological one (with respect to etale $\mathbb{Q}_l$-adic cohomology). Does the Hodge standard conjecture follow? Moreover, does it follow from the existence of a 'nice' motivic $t$-structure for Voevodsky's motives over $K$ (i.e. we assume that this $t$-structure'splits' Chow motives into 'numerical pieces', and that mixed motives have filtration 'by these pieces'). If the answer (even) to the second question is 'no', then why does one usually believe in the HSC?
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I would be surprised if the Hodge standard conjecture would follow from the others (which is not to say that it doesn't). This conjecture is true in char $0$ by Hodge theory. Perhaps that and a general sense of optimism, at the time, were sufficient, but I'm just speculating. – Donu Arapura Jan 23 '11 at 17:35
1 Answer 1
Somewhat relevant to your question: Milne has shown that the usual Hodge conjecture for complex abelian varieties of CM type implies the Hodge standard conjecture for all abelian varieties over the algebraic closure of any finite field. See Milne's paper
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The Tate conjecture for varieties over finite fields implies that the motives of abelian varieties generate all motives over finite fields. Thus the Hodge standard conjecture (over all fields) is implied by the Hodge conjecture for complex abelian varieties + the Tate conjecture for varieties over finite fields. That may, or may not, be reason for believing it. – mephisto Feb 21 '11 at 4:59
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