The Journal of Economic History
City-Farm Wage Gaps in Late Nineteenth-Century France
Pierre Sicsica1
a1 Centre de Recherche of the Banque de France, 39 rue Croix-des-Petits-Champs, 75001 Paris, France.
Wage gaps between farm and city are used to assess whether industrialization in late nineteenth-century France was choked off by peasants' alleged reluctance to move. If industry suffered due to labor scarcity, wage gaps should have been large and rising. It turns out that the wage gap, when adjusted for costs of living and computed as an average of 20 regional wage gaps, was nil in 1852 and about 25 percent in 1892. Thus wage gaps were rising but were far smaller throughout the late nineteenth century than they were in England during similar stages of industrialization.


Creating connectors for your Logic Apps/Flow (Part 1–regular Connectors)
 Azure logic apps have been around for a while now, most of the time as a preview. These apps allow you to create workflow-like apps, by connecting so called Connectors together. These connectors are actually just REST-services, with some extra's, like the exposure of metadata by using Swagger. These Logic apps have also been made available through Office 365, where it is known as "Flow". Office 365 Flow, or Azure Logic apps have access to a library of Connectors, like connectors for Twitter, Facebook, Outlook Mail and Calendar, SharePoint and many more. At the moment I write this there are 84 connectors available. But of course we can add our own connectors. You can find information on how to do this on the internet, however I found myself struggling with Azure because of incomplete information, even in the official Azure documentation. So, I decided to complete the information. From a developer perspective, there are two types of connectors we can create: "regular" connectors and triggers. A regular connector can just be used within your flow, but not at the start. It can take input from connectors preceding it in the flow, and it can return output to the flow. A trigger can be used in the beginning of a flow and is responsible for starting the flow. Creating a regular Connector Connectors are REST services. In my example I will do this with Web API, but it can be done in any other web-technology. While creating a web application just choose Azure API App. I will create a simple example in which I just reverse an incoming string. The code is pretty simple : [SwaggerResponse(HttpStatusCode.OK,Type =typeof(StringManipulator))] [SwaggerOperation("GetReversedString")] public IHttpActionResult GetReversedString(string id) { var temp = ""; foreach (var item in id) { temp = item + temp; } return Ok(new StringManipulator { Original = id, Reversed = temp }); }.csharpcode,.csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: _TAG_; /*white-space: pre;*/ }.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }.csharpcode.rem { color: #008000; }.csharpcode.kwrd { color: #0000ff; }.csharpcode.str { color: #006080; }.csharpcode.op { color: #0000c0; }.csharpcode.preproc { color: _TAG_; }.csharpcode.asp { background-color: _TAG_; }.csharpcode.html { color: #800000; }.csharpcode.attr { color: _TAG_; }.csharpcode.alt { background-color: _TAG_; width: 100%; margin: 0em; }.csharpcode.lnum { color: #606060; } However, the second argument in your SwaggerResponse-attribute, the Type, is super important. Without this argument Logic apps, using your API, will just assume your function returns nothing! It took me some time to find this out, since it used to work fine without Type in an earlier version of Logic apps, and it's nor really clear from the documentation. So, beware. After deploying your API app to Azure, there are two more things to do. Locate your API app in the Azure portal, and go to the API settings. The API definition should point to your swagger metadata. Make sure you refer to it using https!!!.Also make sure that CORS is enabled for your logic app, or just use * here. After that you need to restart your app. Otherwise your logic app will not pick it up. There you go. If you want to use it in a Logic app just add the Action App Services, select you API app, and select the action you want to use. And there you go, the following connectors have access to the output of your API app. Pretty straightforward, if you don't forget the Type in your SwaggerResponse-attribute. Using API apps as triggers is somewhat more work. We'll discuss that in part 2.
Announcing the SharePoint Add-in "Export to Word"
Today, we're glad to announce the FREE SharePoint Add-in "Export to Word", developed by the team at U2U. This add-in fixes one of those issues that you'll probably will have come across with in SharePoint, namely generating Word documents based on SharePoint list items. A bit like a mail merge for list items! This functionality has never been out of the box available for regular SharePoint list items. You could achieve something like it on document libraries only, using Quick Parts in Word. But however, that only works for document libraries. Now, what does the add-in allow you to do? It allows you to configure, per SharePoint list, one or more Word templates. You can even upload your own templates! The add-in then allows you to link fields from your selected list to the content of the template. Once your template is completely designed, you can just go to the SharePoint list and export any item to Word using your template. You can even export multiple items in bulk! Do you want to know more about this add-in? Just go to the official site.Do you want to install it from the Office Store? You can find the add-in here. For a quick start guide on how to work with the add-in, have a look at the following video: Do note that this is the first version of the Add-in, and we want your feedback to further extend and improve the add-in. You can contact us via the regular ways.
Consuming SharePoint CSOM from an Office 365 app
I've been a C# developer for more than five years now. When SharePoint 2013 was released, I started doing development for SharePoint 2013 and later also SharePoint Online. My focus was on developing web services (in combination with the SharePoint App model), native client and mobile applications using the Client Side Object Model. When I was at the Barcelona TechEd conference in 2014, I decided to follow quite some breakout sessions about Office 365 and the "new" Office 365 APIs. It was around that time also that they released the new Office 365 Apps look and feel by means of the new "App Launcher" and the "My Apps" page. Without having the knowledge about Apps for Office 365, I initially thought that these would be quite comparable to Apps for SharePoint. However, Apps for Office 365 are completely different. Apps for Office 365 An app for Office 365 is conceptually: An application that is running externally (i.e. on some website) or standalone (i.e. mobile or desktop). The application can be accessible from within the office 365 website, but also could be surfaced from within Word or Outlook. Integrating somehow with Office 365 (this is not required). Registered in the Azure Active Directory (AAD) that is running behind your Office 365 tenant. Can use the same authentication mechanism as Office 365, resulting in single sign-on. So before you can use your app in Office 365, you have to register it in Azure Active Directory. When registering you app in Azure AD, you also configure the permissions it gets to access the Office 365 services like mail, contacts, events and OneDrive for Business, but also SharePoint! Then I started thinking: "Does this mean that you can register an app in Azure AD and let it access SharePoint online?". Getting the access token I was eager to discover whether it was possible to access SharePoint using the Client Side Object Model and the Azure Authentication mechanism. Jeremy Thake briefly mentioned in a blog post that it is possible to use the token you get from Azure as the Bearer token in you ClientContext requests.So I created an ASP.NET MVC5 web application, registered it in Azure AD, set the permissions for Office 365 SharePoint Online (see above) and started experimenting. You can get the access token as follows: /// /// Get the access token for the required resource /// /// The client ID of your app /// The app key /// The resource you would like access to /// public static async Task GetAccessToken(String clientID, String appKey, String resource) { // Redeem the authorization code from the response for an access token and refresh token. ClaimsPrincipal principal = ClaimsPrincipal.Current; String authorizationUri = ""; String nameIdentifier = principal.FindFirst(ClaimTypes.NameIdentifier).Value; String tenantId = principal.FindFirst("").Value; AuthenticationContext authContext = new AuthenticationContext( string.Format("{0}/{1}", authorizationUri, tenantId), new ADALTokenCache(nameIdentifier) ); try { // Get the object identifier String objectId = principal.FindFirst("").Value; // Authenticate AuthenticationResult result = await authContext.AcquireTokenSilentAsync( resource, new ClientCredential(clientID, appKey), new UserIdentifier(objectId, UserIdentifierType.UniqueId) ); return result.AccessToken; } catch (AdalException exception) { //handle token acquisition failure if (exception.ErrorCode == AdalError.FailedToAcquireTokenSilently) { authContext.TokenCache.Clear(); } } return null; } You obtain the values for the ClientID and AppKey from the application page in Azure AD. You typically store the values for these properties in the configuration file of your application.


text:
Spanish Water Dog
- Weight: 30-50 lb
- Lifespan: 14 years
- Group: AKC Herding
- Best Suited For: Families with children, active singles, houses with yards, farms/rural areas
- Temperament: Hardworking, intelligent, loyal, friendly
- Comparable Breeds: Portuguese Water Dog, Puli
Spanish Water Dog Basics
If you were to imagine a medium-sized dog with thick, curly fur and a penchant for herding, you might be thinking of the Spanish Water Dog. These dogs are an old Spanish breed that has been used for herding for many centuries. The Spanish Water Dog is a highly intelligent breed that does best when given a job to do but, at the end of the day, they love nothing more than to spend time with family.
The Spanish Water Dog is a highly intelligent breed that does best when given a job to do.
There are a variety of theories that exist regarding the origins of the Spanish Water Dog, but most theories suggest that the breed has been present in the Iberian Peninsula for many centuries. In Southern Spain, the Spanish Water Dog is known as the "Andalusian Turk" and it is thought to have been brought over with Turkish shepherds. Several populations of the breed have been traced back to various regions in Spain including one in Northern Spain which became known as the Cantabrian Water Dog. The group from the southern Andalusia sierras was the largest group, known for its strength and herding skills. The Spanish Water Dog was revived during the 1970s in Spain and, in 1985, it was finally recognized by the Spanish Kennel Club.
The Spanish Water Dog is an ancient breed whose origins can be traced back to the Iberian Peninsula around 1,100 AD. This breed was historically used for herding and various populations of the breed were combined to create a well-balanced breed with all the desired traits for herding.
The Spanish Water Dog is a mediumto large-sized breed, so it should be offered a dog food that has been formulated to meet the energy requirements of large-breed dogs. Spanish Water Dogs are also a highly active breed so, especially if you intend to train your dog for herding or other dog sports, you may want to consider an active breed formula.
These dogs have strong natural herding and guarding instincts so they do best when given a job to perform.
The Spanish Water Dog is an intelligent breed so it typically responds well to training. These dogs have strong natural herding and guarding instincts so they do best when given a job to perform. This breed can become fairly territorial and protective of family, so early socialization and training is needed to prevent the Spanish Water Dog from becoming wary around strangers. If trained and socialized from an early age, these dogs can get along well with children and household pets.
Related: Portuguese Water Dog
At maturity, the average male Spanish Water Dog stands between 17 and 20 inches tall and weighs 40 to 50 lbs. The female Spanish Water Dog stands about 16 to 18 inches tall and weighs between 30 and 40 lbs. at maturity.
The Spanish Water Dog is a friendly and affectionate breed with family, but it can be somewhat aloof or suspicious around strangers if not properly trained. These dogs enjoy spending time with family and they require a good deal of daily exercise. This breed does not do well when left alone for long periods of time – they require a good bit of human interaction to thrive. These dogs are sometimes referred to as "Velcro dogs" because they tend to stick so close to family. Spanish Water Dogs are best suited to individuals or families who lead an active lifestyle and mental stimulation is incredibly important because they are so intelligent.
Common Health Problems
The Spanish Water Dog is generally a healthy and hardy breed but, like all breeds, it is prone to developing certain health problems. The health concerns most likely to affect the Spanish Water Dog breed include hip dysplasia, allergies, glaucoma, PRA and hypothyroidism. Responsible breeding practices and genetic testing can help to greatly reduce the risk for these and other inherited diseases in the Spanish Water Dog.
The average life expectancy of the Spanish Water Dog is about 14 years.
Because the Spanish Water Dog is a herding breed it has fairly high requirements for exercise. These dogs require at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise per day plus some active play time, if possible. Training these dogs for herding or other dog sports is a great way to meet both their physical and mental stimulation needs.
The Spanish Water Dog is a friendly and affectionate breed with family, but it can be somewhat aloof or suspicious around strangers if not properly trained.
In 2005 the American Kennel Club (AKC) admitted the Spanish Water Dog into the AKC Foundation Stock Service and, in 2008, it began to compete in the Herding group for dog agility trials. In 2012 the breed was moved to the Miscellaneous group and, as of January 1, 2015, the Spanish Water Dog is now officially recognized by the AKC in the Herding Group.
The Spanish Water Dog has a curly, hypoallergenic coat which, when allowed to grow, forms cords. It is not recommended that you brush or clip the coat of this breed – it is preferred natural. These dogs come in a variety of colors including solid black, grown, white, and beige or any combination of one of these colors with white. The breed standard prohibits tri-colored dogs.
Spanish Water Dog puppies are always born with curly hair and, as they mature, the curly hair starts to form thick cords. Early socialization and training is essential for Spanish Water Dogs because they have a tendency to become aloof around strangers if not properly socialized. This breed can do well around household pets and children if properly socialized while young.
Photo credit: otsphoto/Shutterstock; Life on White/Bigstock.com; Teemu Tretjakov Photography/Bigstock.com

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Fiction Addiction: Q&A with Paula Morris
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Paula Morris looked closer to home for the subject matter of her new novel, Rangatira. Photo / Supplied
Expat New Zealand writer Paula Morris has travelled the word in her novels, from the cemeteries of New Orleans to the haunted city of York and the New York PR scene (as well as the streets of Auckland), but the inspiration from her latest release, Rangatira, came from closer to home. It was in her blood.
Rangatira fictionalises a 19th century journey taken by Ngati Wai chief Paratene Te Manu, Morris's great-great-great uncle (if I'm deciphering her family tree correctly).
The novel opens with Paratene posing for the artist Gottfried Lindauer in Auckland in 1886, and thinking back to an extraordinary voyage he made 20 years earlier, to Victorian England. (The painting is now in storage at Auckland Art Gallery but, as you'll see below, Morris took novelist's liberties with the story of its creation.)
We asked Morris about where the facts peter off and the imagination begins, the pressure to do justice to Paratene's story and what's at the top of her Christmas book wishlist.
Q: When did you first become aware of the story of Paratene Te Manu, and why did you decide to write about it?
A: When I was researching my second novel, Hibiscus Coast, back in 2002, I came across James Cowan's book Pictures of Old New Zealand. I saw the Lindauer portrait of Paratene for the first time and read the transcript of Paratene's own account of his life, where he talks about his various taua (war parties) and battles as a young man, and about the trip to England in 1863. I also discovered that he was one of the last owners/inhabitants of Little Barrier, along with my great-great grandparents, Rahui Te Kiri and Tenetahi. There was so much dramatic possibility in this story: I knew it wouldn't leave me alone.
Q: Tell us about the process of researching and writing Rangatira - how long did it take and where did it lead you?
A: I wrote a short story first, in 2003 when I was a student at the Iowa Writers' Workshop, and didn't do much research for this. (I am much lazier than people realise!) But after the story was published in a few different places the following year, I was nudged into re-thinking it as a novel. Everything blurs for me because I also seem to be working on 10 things at once, and moving to different places, and scrambling to earn a living. But I think research for the novel began in earnest in 2005. I spent a lot of time over five years in libraries and archives in New Zealand and the UK, and I also visited a lot of the places Paratene would have seen or known - Marlborough House in London, Birmingham Town Hall, Osborne House on the Isle of Wight, the sandspit at Ngunguru. Many people helped along the way.
Q: What effect has this journey of discovery had on you, as a relative of Paratene?
A: It's always interesting, trying to look at things from someone else's point of view, to make the imaginative leap. With a relative, perhaps you think more about resonances with your own life and character. When I think about the restlessness of Paratene's life, which was not untypical of Maori of his era, especially coastal iwi -all the moving from place to place at different times of year, or for protection, or warfare, or adventure, or commerce - I guess there are parallels of sorts in my own life. Paratene thought of several different places as home, and moved constantly between them. His decision to go to England was incredibly rash and eleventh-hour.
Q: Did your personal connection to the story make it easier to write, or harder? Did you feel an extra responsibility to do Paratene's story justice?
A: I'm not sure. For a long time the book was hard to write, but that was because I was unsure about the scope. Deciding to focus everything around the trip to England was key. It also meant I didn't have to research the entire nineteenth century!
The issue of responsibility is an interesting one. With any'real-life' story there are issues of representation to consider, and I didn't want to invent a Paratene Te Manu who bore little resemblance to the historical record. I read whatever I could of his voice - the oral history, some letters, newspaper reports, court testimony - over and over, obsessively, to build a fictional character from the pieces of the real man that remain, and to try to understand what was important to him, what he cared about.
But the responsibilities of a family member, a biographer, and a novelist are not the same. A novelist's chief responsibility is to the reader, I think. We're not restricted to (or by) facts, and our way of honouring an ancestor is unlikely to be a straightahead eulogy. We're looking for complexity, conflict, story. This is one of the reasons I decided to focus on the English trip, where there is a lot of source material, including an amazing detailed account by Paratene of the voyage over. There was plenty of story there, plus a lot of historical record - and photographs.
Q: What were your starting points for creating the character of Paratene, and at what point did artistic licence kick in?
A: Reading letters by him (and by others that mention him) was very useful, but it's like finding 50 pieces of a 500-piece jigsaw puzzle. You have a start, but there's a lot to make up! Artistic licence began the moment I read the oral history in 2002. I started imagining the possibilities, the omissions, the bigger picture, the reasons. Researching a novel based in family history is detective work for a case that can never be solved. You have to imagine a lot of the twists and turns.
Q: What are the main departures from fact in the book, and why did you decide to write them in this way?
A: The book imagines a meeting between Lindauer and Paratene, with them spending long hours together in a temporary studio in Auckland in 1886. Their conversations punctuate Paratene's story of the English trip, so I needed them to have substantial amounts of time together. It's unlikely that they ever met in real life; Lindauer probably painted from a photograph. But I liked the idea of them talking about England, because Lindauer went there himself in 1886. And they had in common the experience of being in a foreign country, unable to speak the language - Paratene in England, and Lindauer when he first arrived in New Zealand.
In the novel, Paratene and Horomona Te Atua have two invented excursions together that I couldn't resist: one to the Alhambra Theatre in Leicester Square, Victorian London's most notorious music hall, and one to the London studio of the painter James Smetham. The story demanded these scenes, just as it demanded that the two actual appearances in Birmingham Town Hall be conflated into one, for example.
Q: Describe the experience of seeing the Lindauer portrait of Paratene up close for the first time.
A: Brilliant. Very moving and exciting. I would love to see it again, hanging on the wall of the Auckland Art Gallery. I would fly home just to see it. I would visit it every single day.
Q: Favourite book, ever?
A: This is the hardest question of all. The first title to enter my head is Lucky Jim by Kingsley Amis, so I'll go with that.
Q: What book is at the top of your Christmas wish-list?
A: Don De Lillo's story collection, The Angel Esmeralda.
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text:
Submitted to: American Chemical Society Abstracts
Publication Type: Abstract only
Publication Acceptance Date: 4/20/2014
Publication Date: N/A
Citation: Interpretive Summary:
Technical Abstract: Unambiguous investigation of condensed tannin (CT) structure-activity relationships in biological systems requires the use of highly enriched CT fractions of defined chemical purity. Purification of CTs from Sorghum bicolor, Trifolium repens, Theobroma cacao, Lespedeza cuneata, Lotus pedunculatus, and Lotus corniculatus was accomplished by Sephadex LH-20 chromatography using gradient elution schemes. We found that the degree of CT enrichment and need for further purification by chromatography could be rapidly assessed in minutes by subjecting fractions to 1H-NMR spectroscopy. These assessments were independently corroborated by a more time-consuming, but quantitative thiolysis procedure. Further examination of CT fractions by 1H-13C HSQC NMR spectroscopy provided a more detailed assessment of impurities, some of which (carbohydrateand lipid-derived) avoid detection by UV absorption-based detectors commonly used for CT chromatography. Researchers can now rely on a rapid 1H-NMR analysis to assess the purity of CT fractions, even with low-field (360 MHz) NMR instruments.


text:
Spatial distribution and clustering of the proportion of disabled individuals by districts in Punjab
Disabilities are globally endemic and will increase with population ageing and ubiquitous prevalence of noncommunicable diseases. The Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement survey conducted in 2019-20 is the only district-level representative survey that provides proportion of disabled individuals. The survey used a standardized and validated six-questions from the 'Washington Group Questions' that identify functional disabilities pertaining to difficulty in the domains of sight, hearing, walking/climbing steps, remembering/ concentrating, self-care (washing/dressing), and communicating/being understood. Disabilities were more common in men in both urban and rural areas of districts.
Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.


Subject: Re: union fs changes
To: der Mouse
From: Bakul Shah <>
List: tech-kern
Date: 12/30/1994 13:20:15
Der Mouse writes:
% You certainly could. It might even happen relatively often. As
% someone else already noted, if you modify a file, you then have the RO
% copy in the lower layer and the new copy in the upper layer. If you
% then rm it, the upper-layer copy is blown away and a whiteout created.
% Then when you unwhiteout() it, the lower-layer file reappears. I would
% expect undelete() to resurrect the upper-layer copy - ie, what was
% there before the unlink().
One more problem: having to use two steps to make the lower
layer file reappear seems counterintuitive. I'd expect
unlink() to just remove the upper layer file so that the
lower layer file instantly reappears. This is clean and
simple. Why not use whiteout() if you want whiteout?
There'd even be a symmetry between whiteout() and
Jan-Simon Pendry writes:
 operation remove create remove create
 name name whiteout whiteout
 unlink yes - - possibly
 rmdir yes - - possibly
 open(CREATE) - yes possibly -
 "undelete" - - yes -
 mknod(WHT) - - - yes
 rename yes possibly possibly possibly
I really really wish that unlink, rmdir, rename do not
automagically create whiteout. What happens if you have
*no* write access in the upper layer but *do have* write
access on the lower layer? (Assuming you can have more
layers), what happens if you have write access on one of
the intermediate layers? How does one remove a file from
a lower layer?
> suppose we have a filesystem which supports "unremove" - ie the total
> inverse to "remove". the real problem to be solved is how to name
> the file and how to get from the name to the flat-store representation.
More problems: what happens when you remove a file, then
create another file of the same name in the same directory
and now want to ''unremove'' the old file? What happens
when you create a new file of the same name and remove it?
Do you get back only one old copy back? Ideally you want
all old versions so that you can examine them and restore
the right one. But unlike under VMS, I don't normally want
to see all the old versions of a file.
Actually, instead of unremove I'd prefer transaction support
from the kernel (sort of like the way Tolerant Systems
implemented it). This would solve so many problems... (but
at some cost).
> go for approach #2. any file remove converts the file to
> "removed" status. some cleaner process would need to garbage
> collect whenever free disk space gets low.
I'd just leave the file in the same dir. and add a normally
illegal char in its name. A cleaner can periodically
remove or backup old versions. I'd also add an 'archive'
attribute that is ON by default but gets turned off for
files that you don't want to save.
This is useful but will open up a security hole.
Der Mouse writes:
> I've wished for flink multiple times already. (Another call that would
> into a fantasia on everything I've ever wanted in a filesystem :-)
This too is a security hole in that it defeats the purpose of
controlled access through path names.
There was some discussion of next generation filesystems on
one of the freebsd groups. May be we should setup a
separate mailing list for FS:NG that is not biased towards
any particular Unix-like system. Either that or
Bakul Shah


text:
One of the essential steps in choosing a suitable industrial air dryer is to test wet materials on the drying equipment. This ensures that the final product is dry and of the quality you want. However, before the testing starts, here are six things to consider when choosing the drying system.
Size And Density
The drying machine's size and capacity depend on the size and weight of the things that need to be dried. For example, drying more minor things is different from drying bigger things. As important as size is, the density of the material is also essential. How the material moves through the dryer is based on how dense it is. Denser materials need different machines than less dense ones.
When choosing industrial air dryers, you should also consider how wet clothes are handled. Sticky or sloppy things are often forced into the dryer so they are not stuck in the line. If the company works with sticky materials, the engineer could choose drying machines with non-stick surfaces or paddles to keep the materials moving.
The roughness and fragility of the material are also things to think about. If the company wants to dry fragile things, it should not use drying equipment that moves things around roughly. Instead, it could use a machine that moves things more gently. On the other hand, if the dried materials are rough, the company could choose drying machines that can handle rough materials to avoid problems with maintenance or damage.
Reaction To Heat
Some things change when they get hot, and when they get to a specific temperature, they might do something. If the machine is drying a chemical solution, it could cause a chemical reaction.
In addition, if some materials are left near specific heat sources for a long time, they could melt or catch fire. Therefore, the dryer could go slower or be more considerable to help bring down the temperature. If the company works with things that are likely to melt, it could choose a dryer with a high temperature and a short time on the job to avoid a possible reaction to the product.
Efficiency And Cost
Cost is an essential part of every big purchase. When buying the machine, the company will consider the cost and the cost of running it. However, the upfront cost should not be the only thing you look at when deciding if a dryer is a good deal or not. Some machines may cost less upfront, but if they do not work well, they will cost more in the long run. And it's essential to think about what kind of fuel the machine runs on.
Lastly, the size of the industrial air dryers should match the amount of work that will be done. It is essential to consider whether the dryer will run all the time or in batches. If the company has big jobs that need a lot of output, using a dryer that is too small will cause it to get clogged, and the operation could stop because the machine will be too busy. On top of that, the dryer could burn out sooner than expected. On the other hand, energy will be wasted if a too-big dryer is chosen. It could also burn the food or make it dry out too much.


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How to: Create Custom Performance Counters
When you create a new counter, you first create a category, and then specify one or more counters to be included in it. You can do this in one of the following ways:
There are two special issues that you should consider when you create counters and categories. First, you cannot create custom categories and counters on remote computers. Second, your interaction with custom counters and categories is restricted to read-only mode unless you explicitly specify otherwise. In read-only mode, you cannot increment or decrement them or set the raw value or other values within them. You can use the ReadOnly property to set a custom counter to writable mode.
It is important to note the difference between creating a counter and creating an instance of the PerformanceCounter component. When you create a counter, you are creating a new category and its associated counters in the Windows operating system, rather than a component in your project or application. When you create an instance of the PerformanceCounter component, you create a component inside your Visual Studio project that references an external counter.
There are security restrictions that affect your ability to use performance counters. For more information, see Introduction to Monitoring Performance Thresholds.
Security noteSecurity Note:
When you create a performance counter, realize that the resource may already exist. Another process, perhaps a malicious one, may have already created the resource and have access to it. When you put data in the performance counter, the data is available to the other process.
The PerformanceCounter class is not fully supported on Microsoft Windows NT version 4.0. You can read from the system counters, but you cannot create, write to, or delete custom counters.
To create a new category and custom performance counter at design time
 1. Open Server Explorer and expand the node for the server you want to view.
 If the server you want is not listed, you have to add it. For more information, see How to: Access and Initialize Server Explorer/Database Explorer.
 2. Right-click the Performance Counters node and select Create New Category.
 The Performance Counter Builder dialog box appears.
 To access performance counters, you have to be a member of the security group that has access to performance counters (for example, the Performance Monitor Users group). Additionally, you might receive prompts on Windows Vista when you try to perform an action that requires elevated privileges, even when you are running under administrative permissions. For more information, see Windows Vista and Visual Studio.
 3. Enter a name and description for the category you want to create.
 If you specify the name of an existing category, an error will be raised. To overwrite an existing counter category, you must first delete the category by using the Delete method, and then add a new category.
 4. In the Counter List Builder frame, do the following:
 1. Click the New button.
 2. In the Counter frame, specify a name for the counter you want to create in the category.
 3. Choose a type from the Type drop-down list.
 4. Enter a description for the counter.
 5. Repeat step 4 for each counter you want to create in this category.
 Before you exit the dialog box, you can select any one of the counters in the Counters list and edit their values, or delete the counters.
 By default, counters and categories you create in the dialog box are read-write enabled, but your interaction with them through an instance of the PerformanceCounter component will be restricted to read-only unless you specify otherwise.
To create a new category and set of performance counters programmatically
 1. Create a collection of type CounterCreationDataCollection.
 2. Create the counters you want to create as objects of type CounterCreationData and set their necessary properties.
 3. Add the CounterCreationData objects to the collection by calling the collection's Add method.
 4. Call the Create method on the PerformanceCounterCategory class and pass the collection to it.
 The following example shows how to create a series of counters and pass them to the category when you create it:
 // Create a collection of type CounterCreationDataCollection.
 System.Diagnostics.CounterCreationDataCollection CounterDatas =
 new System.Diagnostics.CounterCreationDataCollection();
 // Create the counters and set their properties.
 System.Diagnostics.CounterCreationData cdCounter1 =
 new System.Diagnostics.CounterCreationData();
 System.Diagnostics.CounterCreationData cdCounter2 =
 new System.Diagnostics.CounterCreationData();
 cdCounter1.CounterName = "Counter1";
 cdCounter1.CounterHelp = "help string1";
 cdCounter1.CounterType = System.Diagnostics.PerformanceCounterType.NumberOfItems64;
 cdCounter2.CounterName = "Counter2";
 cdCounter2.CounterHelp = "help string 2";
 cdCounter2.CounterType = System.Diagnostics.PerformanceCounterType.NumberOfItems64;
 // Add both counters to the collection.
 // Create the category and pass the collection to it.
 "Multi Counter Category", "Category help",
 PerformanceCounterCategoryType.SingleInstance, CounterDatas);
Community Additions
© 2014 Microsoft


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What You Need to Know About Benne
Benne was an essential medicinal and kitchen garden plant during our Colonial and Antebellum Eras. It was grown in all great Carolina kitchen gardens, in particular in the forbidden subsistence gardens of African slaves who brought benne to Carolina and introduced it to the region's nascent rice culture and cuisine. Planted between field peas, corn, and other human food crops in late spring, and harvested in late summer, benne provided near magical enhancements by improving soil quality and protecting nearby plants from harmful pests. In those days, benne was grown specifically for its vital nutrients and culinary versatility.
When rice plantations transitioned their kitchen benne to commodity fields for commodity oil production, "benne" became "sesame." As sesame, benne did not escape heavy pressure for yield, and Southern growers drifted away from an interest in the seeds' culinary diversity, instead focusing exclusively on oil production. In time, raw benne seeds became nearly flavorless, and they were only slightly more interesting when toasted. In fact, modern American sesame bears no resemblance to Antebellum benne.
Much of benne's unique flavor profile and nearly all of the extraordinary derivative foods associated with the seeds have been lost. Here are some examples: Benne leaves were cooked as soup greens and, if pounded prior to adding, worked as a thickener. Benne seeds, raw or toasted, were tossed into stock or water, their oil adding enrichment (the flavor impact in this application was thought to be extraordinary). A handful of benne seeds was simmered in water, and then the water poured into a pot with dry rice; the cooked rice possessed exceptional flavor—served with benne greens it was nearly perfect food. After the oil and water were poured off, the remaining seeds were dried and pounded in a mortar. The resulting flour was called bennecake (the term "bennecake" meant flour made from benne seeds after oil extraction). Bennecake, the central ingredient in benne bread, benne biscuits, and benne cakes, is powerful, its flavor reminiscent of toasted peanuts, but intertwined with a wildflower tang, and a sensation of verdancy and vigor.


text:
Skip to content
- For example, in South Australia and Tasmania a number of energy infrastructure construction projects are going ahead.
- This solid performance is a consequence of high levels of investment in oil and gas and energy infrastructure projects.
- Notwithstanding the aforementioned power station, it's largely a different story in the energy and utilities construction sector, however.
- However, it isn't stalling altogether and there are still some ongoing construction projects, including in Queensland.
- Meanwhile, a project to develop the rail infrastructure in Melbourne is continuing with an upgrade of the Cranbourne-Pakenham rail corridor.


The AxesOff Command
Command Summary
Disables the X- and Y- axes on the graph screen.
Command Syntax
Menu Location
 1. 2nd FORMAT to access the format menu.
 2. Use arrows and ENTER to select AxesOff.
Calculator Compatibility
Token Size
2 bytes
The AxesOff command disables the X and Y axes on the graph screen, so that they aren't drawn. They can be enabled again with the AxesOn command.
(the y=x line that is drawn when both Seq and Web modes are enabled is also controlled by this command)
Generally, the AxesOff command should be used at the beginning of the program to disable the axes if the program is going to use the graph screen, since the axes get in the way. However, you should consider using StoreGDB and RecallGDB to save this setting if that's the case.
Related Commands


pedestrians find this makes their interaction with the movement of the bridge more predictable and helps them maintain their lateral balance. This instinctive behaviour ensures that footfall forces are applied at the resonant frequency of the bridge, and with a phase such as to increase the motion of the bridge. As the amplitude of the motion increases, the lateral force imparted by individuals increases, as does the degree of correlation between individuals. It was subsequently determined, as described below, that for potentially susceptible spans there is a critical number of pedestrians that will cause the vibrations to increase to unacceptable levels.
How was the Millennium Bridge's swaying different from the swaying that brought down the Tacoma Narrows Bridge in 1940?
The movements that occurred on the Tacoma Narrows Bridge were a resonant response to forces exerted by wind rather than pedestrians. The pedestrian induced forces that cause Synchronous Lateral Excitation are self-limiting because above a certain level of movement, pedestrians stop walking.
How did ARUP fix the issue with the Millennium Bridge?
Although a few previous reports of this phenomenon were found in the literature, none of them gave any reliable quantification of the lateral force due to the pedestrians, or any relationship between the force exerted and the movement of the deck surface.
Arup therefore carried out tests in 3 universities, as well as crowd walking tests on the bridge itself, in order to quantify the force exerted on the structure. Arup then designed a system of passive dampers which are mobilized by the lateral movements of the bridge. These dampers are arranged beneath the deck over the full length of the bridge, as well as at the piers and at the south abutment.
In order to demonstrate that the solution performed satisfactorily, Arup carried out a crowd test with 2000 pedestrians — the most extreme dynamic test ever carried out on a bridge. The bridge movements were less than a sixth of the allowable movements.
The bridge reopened in February 2002.
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text:
The Arctic Ocean exports mercury to the Atlantic Ocean
Several mercury assessments carried out by different teams indicate that there would be a net export of mercury from the Arctic to the Atlantic, via Fram Strait, the only deep link between these two oceans. However, these estimates were too approximate because they were not based on observations.
Following their previous study on the export of mercury to the deep Arctic Ocean (_URL_ scientists1 led by the Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO) have been working on this issue.
Thanks to new data acquired during the two GEOTRACES oceanographic campaigns in 2015 and 2016, they were able to establish a new mercury balance. They estimated that mercury concentrations were higher in waters leaving the Arctic via the East Greenland Current than in those entering via the West Spitsbergen Current. They calculated that 43 ± 9 tonnes/year of Hg were transported to the Arctic Ocean, while 54 ± 13 tonnes/year were exported to the Atlantic Ocean. This new balance sheet therefore shows that the Arctic Ocean exports about 18 tonnes/year of mercury to the Atlantic Ocean, 40% of which is in the form of methyl mercury.


Pet Care. Pet Training. Pet Stories.
Pet Care. Pet Training. Pet Stories.
Can Cats Eat Peanut Butter?
02/24/2021 by Stacy Painter
February 24th, 2021 by Stacy Painter
The quick answer: Technically yes, but it's best to avoid.
Though peanut butter isn't unsafe or toxic for cats, it is not beneficial to their diet and could (in rare cases) prove dangerous.
Benefits of peanut butter
Humans and dogs can benefit from the nut-based proteins and fats from peanut butter. All-natural peanut butter without any added sugar or other ingredients also contains magnesium, fiber, potassium, and vitamin E. Many dog parents know that an additional perk is to use peanut butter to disguise medications that are given orally.
That said, those same benefits do not translate to cats, unfortunately. A cat's diet is ideally comprised of mostly protein, which should come from animal sources. Cats' bodies do not process other types of food very well, such as plant-based proteins from peanut butter, because it does not contain all the amino acids that animal proteins do, according to an article by Chewy. In fact, peanut butter does not offer any nutritional value at all to cats.
Hazards of peanut butter for cats
Peanut butter contains many different types of fats, which can affect cats' small bodies quite a bit and lead to obesity or diabetes. Ingesting too much peanut butter can cause vomiting or diarrhea in some cats. Additionally, because of its sticky consistency, peanut butter could be a choking hazard. (Or, just a huge mess.)
Some peanut butter brands contain added sweeteners, xylitol which is toxic to cats, or other ingredients that could make your cat sick.
In many homes and residential neighborhoods, peanut butter is often used in pest catching devices and traps. Regularly sharing peanut butter with your cat may train him to enjoy it and seek it out. If your cat is trained to enjoy peanut butter, he might end up following the trace of one of these rodent traps and end up far from home and/or getting hurt. For this reason, it's best to avoid exposing your cat to peanut butter.


Term of the Moment
command line
Look Up Another Term
Redirected from: VG
Definition: voice grade
The bandwidth required to transmit human voice, which is about 4,000 Hertz (4 kHz). The term may refer to an analog telephone line, but also to a digital line that supports the digital equivalent of voice (see DS0). Depending on the context of usage, the term may refer to a channel that is a step up or a step down from another type.


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Goodwill was founded in 1902 in Boston by Rev. Edgar J. Helms, a Methodist minister and early social innovator. Helms, inspired by compassion for people with disabilities and disadvantaging conditions, sought a way to improve their quality of life.
Helms took a burlap sack and began traveling to the affluent areas of the city, asking for unwanted garments and other goods. Underprivileged or indigent men and women were then offered work at the Morgan Memorial Chapel restoring the collected items, learning trades and acquiring skills as they worked.
Once the items were repaired, they were resold and the money was used to pay the wages of the workers. This cycle of donating, repairing, selling and paying wages was the beginning of Goodwill Industries. Times have changed, but Helm's vision remains constant.
More than 118 years later, Goodwill remains a household name and leading nonprofit provider of educational and workforce-related services.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I hope the title of this question isn't too confusing.
What I want to do is send myself an e-mail when a specified command has finished running in the shell. For this purpose, I wrote a simple script that takes an argument and sends me an e-mail with the argument as the messages text. The idea is to be able to execute a command that I know will take a long time in the following manner:
./commandThatTakesALongTime;./emailingScript
The obvious answer here is to just write the name of the command again, and pass it in as a string but often I'll have commands with lots of arguments, and so I'd prefer it to automatically grab what was executed.
I've tried using various combinations of!!:p, but that doesn't appear to be working. Any tips?
ETA: I'm looking for something that I can pass as which will basically just print "./commandThatTakesALongTime"--does such a thing exist? The reason I'm doing it this way is because I need my environment to be preserved as it is after the command is executed.
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
Write a script like this:
if "$@" ; then
 echo "$@" | mail -s 'command complete' _EMAIL_
 echo "Command failed!"
Save this as exec_and_mail and make it executable.
You run it as exec_and_mail some_command -with arguments --passed --to it.
share|improve this answer
Question, which should've been stated in the original problem definition--will this preserve my environment? Some of the programs that I have that are longer-running are changing environment variables and those need to be preserved. Thanks. – smintitule May 19 at 19:16
You cannot pass environment variables from a child process to the parent. The child inherits the parent environment and can modify it, but it's not going to affect the parent environment in any way. There are workaround to this and they amount to passing a script to the parent which sets the environment variables. – Sigi May 19 at 19:17
In other words: nothing that a command does to its environment will affect the environment of the process (or shell) that executed the command. So your environment will not be modified. – Sigi May 19 at 19:20
Which I think brings me back to where I started--sequentially executing two commands and just breaking them up with the semicolon. The issue is just what do I send to my script as an argument? – smintitule May 19 at 19:21
There's no way for a script to get information from the rest of the command line. That's why this script takes the command line as an argument, and it executes the command for you. It will inherit your environment variables. – Barmar May 19 at 19:34
Your Answer


How to Pluck a Chicken
Howard Shooter/Dorling Kindersley RF/Getty Images
Raising chickens yourself in the back yard, or buying them direct and intact from the farmer, is one way to guarantee you're getting an immaculately fresh bird. Unfortunately, it also means you'll need to pluck and clean the chicken before you cook it. This isn't especially difficult but it is a messy process, best performed outdoors. If you're doing several birds at once an outdoor cooker is helpful, but a pot of hot water from your stove is sufficient for one or two.
Select a pot large enough to hold a chicken and a gallon or two of water, as well. Heat the water on the stovetop, or on an outdoor cooker, until it reaches a temperature of 125 to 140 degrees Fahrenheit. Bring the pot outdoors, if you've heated it on the stovetop.
Pull on a pair of thick rubber gloves. Lift the chicken by its feet, and immerse it in the hot water.
Hold the chicken underneath the surface of the hot water with a stick, or a long wooden spoon. Swirl it a few times around the pot, to make sure the hot water penetrates the feathers and reaches the bird's entire skin.
Remove the chicken from the water after 30 to 60 seconds, and lay it on a clean tarpaulin or plastic bag. Pull away feathers by the handful, starting at the wings where they're harder to pluck and will come away more easily when warm. Hold the bird so its feathers are pointing in your direction and then pluck away from your body, so you're pulling the feathers at a sharp angle to their natural direction.
Continue until you've removed all the feathers. You might opt to simply cut away the bird's wingtips with shears or a sharp knife, rather than trying to pluck them. Some birds will have a number of small, quill-like pinfeathers. Remove these with a pair of pliers, or scorch them off with a torch.


Science at the LibraryMay 21
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 These are free activities and recommended for elementary age children. Families are encouraged to attend.
The Dancing Earth and Moon
Why does the moon revolve around Earth.Learn the reason why and what early people thought the moon was doing as it was moving around the Earth.


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Meet nail enamel with a dramatically short drying time!
The 21st IFSCC Congress 2000, Berlin
Congress Award (Poster Award)
Super-Rapid Drying "Dip-in-Water" Nail Enamel
Change in thinking led to innovative nail enamel that dries in just 45 seconds by immersion in water!
Have you experienced the stress of redoing nail enamel on your fingers or toes because you accidentally hit or touched something while it was drying? Women have various demands for nail enamels, including long-lasting, lustrous finish, color and the look on nails—but quick to dry beats them all. This award-winning technology incorporates a novel idea for quick drying. The change in thinking resulted in a major contribution to this technology. Generally, nail enamels are made of a coating material to solidify, solvent to dissolve the coating material, and a colorant for color as main components. When applied on the nail, the solvent vaporizes and causes the coating material to form a membrane and solidify, which we call "drying".
However, this award-wining technology changed the perspective from evaporating the solvent to its quick removal. We developed a method of removing the solvent by immersing it in water and allowing the solvent to dissolve instantly. This technology shortened the drying time to 45 seconds.
What's the technology?
It took a year to generate the idea. Further difficulties at the development stage! Discovery of instantly drying substances with a shift from vaporizing to removing with water!
The key point in this award-winning technique was to remove the solvent with water. Therefore, the first difficulty was in discovering solvents to dissolve the water-insoluble coating material. There were no compatible substances previously used in cosmetics; we spent a year discovering the appropriate substances from ingredients in every area possible. And, there were further difficulties. The solvents we managed to discover were soluble in water, but the coating material had poor stability after the instant removal of solvent compared to its gradual vaporization, resulting in whitening and exfoliation. This was the start of many days of investigation. In addition to safety, consideration was required for the environment as the product is immersed in water. Furthermore, since it becomes unusable in places without water, we needed a product that would vaporize and dry over the same time as traditional nail enamels.
As a result of resolving these problems, we finally developed nail enamel that dries when immersed in water. This technology was applied to Shiseido S Aqua Dry Nail in November 2000 and has been used in many products such as Kesho Wakusei. In addition, the findings on coating and solvents cultivated in this research have been used in the development of other products including lipstick and mascara.


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Automatically Archive New South Wales State Agency Web/Social Media Content
The Tasmanian government shares a comprehensive Communications Policy for its agencies to abide by. An excerpt below:
The Government has a responsibility to ensure that information about its policies, programs and services is made available to the public in the short and long term (see Policy statement 1). This means that particular attention should be given to ensuring that information can be found through sources that are commonly available to the public. It also requires information to be well catalogued, easily retrievable and securely maintained.
Agency information must be made available in accordance with the Right to Information Act 2009 (commenced 1 July 2010), which encourages the release of information held by Tasmanian public authorities, including government agencies, without the need for a formal process. The underlying principle of the Act is that information held by public authorities belongs to the people of the State, and has been collected for them and on their behalf. Agency information must be recorded in a format that complies with the records management policies and procedures of the agency and with the Archives Act 1983. In complying with disclosure and deposit requirements of the Right to Information Act 2009 and the Archives Act 1983, agencies must also ensure all requirements of the Personal Information Protection Act 2004 are met. Additionally, agencies must:
- Maintain a register or record of all publications for publishing each year in its annual report.
- Maintain a current, comprehensive and well-structured identification or classification records system that provides an effective means for organising, locating and retrieving published information.


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- Life at AUS
- Contact Us
- Apply Now
AUS furthers research and development in 3D concrete printing through 3D printed home project
In a collaboration between industry and academia, American University of Sharjah (AUS) faculty and students will help create the first 3D printed house in Sharjah at the Sharjah Research, Technology and Innovation Park (SRTI Park). The house is expected to be completed in 2019.
While maintaining a traditional appearance, the house will be printed using state-of-the-art 3D printing technology. This initiative will help bring Sharjah to the global forefront in the sustainable construction sector and establish the SRTI Park as a regional development center for 3D printing construction.
AUS has been teaching 3D Concrete Printing (3DCP) as part of the Master of Science in Civil Engineering program since 2010. The university is working on the development of this technology and training students in conducting applied scientific research, in conjunction with faculty members and external researchers from specialized companies, including Middle East Engineering Technologies (MEET), which focuses on building 3D printed structures. AUS recently issued a new faculty research grant that will advance ongoing 3DCP focused research.
Dr. Adil Al-Tamimi, Professor of Civil Engineering, teaches 3D Concrete Printing (3DCP) at AUS:
"I have been teaching 3DCP as a theoretical concept with the aim to motivate our students to explore new innovation in the construction industry. The students in this course usually design, produce and evaluate some innovative sustainable concretes similar to 3DCP as part of the course. They will now be able to put their classroom learning into real-life applications and get hands-on training through this collaboration."
The current research is an extension of work begun in 2017, when Dr. Al-Tamimi and his students were invited by Hussain Al Mahmoudi, CEO of the SRTI Park, to join a workshop on 3D concrete printing led by the Finnish Oulu University. During the workshop, two groups of AUS civil engineering students presented the initial findings of their final year design project on 3D concrete printing, which focused on developing a special concrete mixture suitable for robotic production.
This research has continued to progress. One of the two student groups won first place in a 2018 3D concrete printing mixture competition organized by the Dubai Chamber of Commerce and Industry. In 2019, three students in the AUS Master of Science in Civil Engineering program began conducting further research on 3DCP. Haidar Al Haidary, a 2018 graduate of the program, is now employed in the field of 3DCP, working with Middle East Engineering Technologies (MEET).
Elaborating on the groups' research, Dr. Al-Tamimi, said:
"One group is evaluating the bond between multi-layers of the 3DCP produced by nozzle extrusion method simulating robotic action, and the other aims to increase structural performance of the 3DCP in flextural and tensile strengths."
3DCP is considered to be one of the most innovative and reliable ways to build residential units through the use of digital machinery. According to Al Mahmoudi, as traditional construction costs increase, the 3D technology is expected to reduce overall costs. SRTI Park aims to provide a regional center for the research and development of 3D printing construction, and AUS students and faculty will gain hands-on experience with the technology through this collaboration.


A New 'Meme' Cryptocurrency Named Şeyma Subaşı Released
Another example from our country has been added to crypto coins in the 'meme coin' class. A crypto currency named 'Seyma Subasi' took its place on a small cryptocurrency exchange. It is not known exactly who took the money and why.
Same cornerAnother example from Turkey has been added to the 's. With his personal life, especially on social media, By Şeyma Subaşı A new cryptocurrency was launched. 'PooCoinThe coin, which can be viewed on the site ', is already on the rise. It is unknown who the shooter was.
After a coin and a token issued in the name of Sedat Peker, which are the most famous examples of the concept of 'meme coin' in our country, a crypto currency was issued under the name of another famous name. 'SYMS' According to a claim made on Twitter about the money listed with the abbreviation 'Seyma Subasi', It was issued for the purpose of collecting aid for students..
What is the 'meme coin' that Seyma Subasi exemplifies?
doge coin
A name given to humorous content on the internet, 'meme' is a term frequently encountered by cryptocurrency investors. It cannot be said that 'meme coins' are very different from the 'meme' logic. these coins released as a jokeThey are known for the reputation of the original source of the joke.
For example, Dogecoin, which earns its investors many times over, Based on the 'doge' photo of the famous 9GAG deer from the 2010s removed. Of course, this does not mean that every 'meme coin' will explode and bring big returns to investors.
Why did Şeyma Subaşı crypto money come out?
Şeyma Subaşı crypto money
Come on: Sedat Peker's 'Meme' Crypto Money Launched
The crypto money, whose short name is SYMS and issued in the name of Şeyma Subaşı, took its place on the site called 'PooCoin' today at noon. As for why it was removed, we should mention that 'meme coins' can be removed even out of boredom. But a post on Twitter says the purpose of the money is to raise funds for students. Publisher for a similar purpose recently Hazrat Yasuo It also issued its own token.
Şeyma Subaşı crypto money also has a Telegram group. In the group's statement, Şeyma Subaşı's famous statement "You Can't Make Everyone Happy Because You're Not Pizza" is located. Momentarily with 83 investors the price of money right now 0.183344 dollars. The rise continues, but be warned: A coin's joking rise may not be permanent. So keep in mind that it's up to you to analyze whether these types of investments can be harmful or beneficial.
Nothing in this content is investment advice.


How to Prepare Tasty Cinnamon Bread From Scratch
Cinnamon Bread From Scratch.
Cinnamon Bread From Scratch You can have Cinnamon Bread From Scratch using 15 ingredients and 15 steps. Here is how you cook that.
Ingredients of Cinnamon Bread From Scratch
 1. It's of Dough.
 2. It's 1 1/4 cup of milk.
 3. It's 3 tbsp of honey.
 4. You need 1 1/2 tbsp of butter.
 5. You need 1 tbsp of sugar.
 6. Prepare 1 1/2 tsp of salt.
 7. It's 2 tsp of quick rise yeast.
 8. It's 3 cup of flour.
 9. It's of filling.
 10. You need 1/2 cup of brown sugar.
 11. It's 1/2 cup of sugar.
 12. Prepare 1 tbsp of ground cinnamon.
 13. Prepare 1 tsp of ground ginger.
 14. Prepare 1/2 tsp of ground nutmeg.
 15. It's 4 tbsp of butter.
Cinnamon Bread From Scratch step by step
 1. In large bowl combine first 5 dough ingredients (all but yeast and flour). Heat in microwave or otherwise until just warm (110°).
 2. Add yeast to milk mixture. Let stand in warm place 10-15 minutes to activate yeast.
 3. Add in flour 1 cup at a time. Mix to form dough.
 4. Knead dough 5 minutes on floured surface..
 5. Butter or grease large bowl and turn dough over to grease dough. Cover with bread cloth, place in warm area and let rise 1 hour.
 6. While dough is rising, in med bowl, combine all ingredients to make filling..
 7. Grease loaf pan.
 8. Once dough has risen, place on floured surface and press or roll into a rectangle roughly the same width as your loaf pan..
 9. Spread filling mix over dough (you'll probably have some extra mix, don't feel obligated to use it all or it'll bubble over while baking).
 10. Roll dough tightly into log and put into loaf pan.
 11. Cover dough and let rise again for 30 minutes.
 12. Preheat oven to 350°.
 13. Bake @ 350° for 40 minutes.
 14. Loosen from sides of pan and let cool where air can circulate around pan for 15 minutes. Turn out of pan and finish cooling as long as you can stand to wait ;-P.
 15. Shout out to the basic bread recipe that inspired this
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- Single sign users
- As a visual timetable
How to use the ChoicePad
- Introduce new vocabulary by having the MyChoicePad user match the activity you have just finished (i.e. after they have brushed their teeth) with the symbol on the ChoicePad and copy the sign. Or you could have photographs of the user or other people carrying out the activities and take it in turns to look at the photo and match with the appropriate symbol on the ChoicePad. You could also try making up short stories together using the new vocabulary or choose a symbol, act out what is happening and encourage the MyChoicePad user to guess what it is by pointing to the symbol and/or using the sign.
- Use as a visual timetable by showing the user what is next in their routine by pointing to the symbol and copying the sign, for example you could say 'first we are going to have breakfast' and use the sign and then return to the iPad and say 'now it's time to brush our teeth' and copy the sign.
Customise for the person you are supporting
Change it up depending on your MyChoicePad user's morning routine! You could take photos of the user at each stage of their routine and replace the symbols in the current ChoicePad. Mary, mother of Ben, one of our MyChoicePad users reported that she found using photos of Ben carrying out each action (for example brushing his teeth, putting his socks on etc) supported his motivation to practise and learn each sign. Mary also reported that it helped Ben become more independent as he knew which order to carry out each task and at the start of each activity he would return to the iPad and select the symbol and copy the sign. Following this repetition, Ben is now able to use the signs spontaneously.


Secondhand hardback copy - condition Great (book has been read)
Olivier is an aristocrat, the traumatized child of survivors of the French Revolution. Parrot the son of an itinerant printer who always wanted to be an artist but has ended up a servant. Born on different sides of history, their lives will be brought together by their travels in America. When Olivier sets sail for America, ostensibly to study its prisons but in reality to save his neck from one more revolution - Parrot is sent with him, as spy, protector, foe and foil. As the narrative shifts between the perspectives of Parrot and Olivier, and their picaresque travels together and apart - in love and politics, prisons and the world of art - Peter Carey explores the adventure of American democracy, in theory and in practice, with dazzling wit and inventiveness.
Publisher: Faber & Faber
ISBN: 9780571253296
Number of pages: 464
Weight: 726 g
Dimensions: 241 x 161 x 37 mm
Parrot and Oliver in America by Peter Carey
SKU: 9780571253296


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Conservation of a twice 'Extinct' tree species in Tanzania
Erythrina schliebenii is a Critically Endangered tree species endemic to Tanzania. This charismatic species belongs to the genus of 'coral trees', which have beautiful red flowers and spiny trunks. E. schliebenii was only known from herbarium collections dating from 1934 and 1935 at Lake Lutamba in Lindi Rural District in southern coastal Tanzania. Following unsuccessful searches for the species in the area where these specimens were collected, and given the information that much of the area had been cleared for a cashew nut plantation, E. schliebenii was declared Extinct in The World List of Threatened Trees (Oldfield et al. 1998).
Following news that part of this area had then been cleared for a biofuel plantation in 2008, it was feared again that the species might well have been lost; however, it has since been confirmed as still present but is known only from this single locality with a population of only approximately twelve mature individuals, leading to its current status on the IUCN Red List as Critically Endangered.
Above: flowers of Erythrina schliebenii
Propagation material was successfully collected from E. schliebenii and five healthy seedlings have been cultivated by Mr. Lenin Festo, Grounds Officer at State House Ikulu in Dar es Salaam. These seedlings will be ceremonially planted in the grounds of State House and in Zanzibar on Union Day in 2014, to mark the 50th anniversary of the unification of Tanganyika and Zanzibar to form the United Republic of Tanzania. This event coincides with Arbor Day and will certainly be a day to celebrate the valuable conservation efforts of such an attractive species!
Mr. Festo, leading the ex-situ conservation efforts for this species, has recently been accepted to study the International Diploma in Botanic Garden Management at the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. BGCI would like to take this opportunity to congratulate Mr. Festo.
Above: Mr. Lenin Festo
Erythrina schliebenii conservation assessment on the IUCN Red List
More information about the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew International Diploma in Botanic Garden Management


A. Typically, a Terminal Services session has a full environment, so the usual process of starting the SoftGrid shortcut works fine. However, if you're using seamless windows (i.e., with no environment, requiring you to publish the application directory), you need a different approach. The solution is to publish the application via the sfttray.exe executable file with the /hide switch, and pass the name of the application to launch (or the OSD file). Microsoft documents the process in the article "How to publish a SoftGrid-enabled application in Citrix MetaFrame" (_URL_


text:
Start out with the following simple question:
Imagine you have tied a rope tightly around the full span of earth's equator (assume "earth" as being a perfect sphere and that the rope cannot be stretched). Now imagine that you add 1 meter to the initial rope length so that it becomes loose around the equator. Question: if you spread the rope at an even height from earth's surface (i.e. rope has a circular form, cocentric with earth's center) can you pass a cat underneath it?
Intuition says "no way", but let's examine the problem closely. Cutting a 2D slice at the equator, initially we have a circle with a perimeter equal to earth's perimeter at the equator (call it's radius "R") and a circle of rope tied tightly around it. When we loosen the perimeter by a meter (add a meter of rope) we are (indirectly) increasing it's radius. What we need to find out is how much the circle's radius will expand. (again intuition says it'll be very little due to the earth's dimensions and the fact that we are adding so little rope).
So, initially we have, from basic geometry:
(where P is the initial perimeter). When we add a meter of rope we are making P'=P+1 (where P' is the perimeter after the meter of rope was added). We also know (same as equation (1)) that:
Solving for R':
note the beauty of equation (2). It tells us that the increase in the radius is independant of it's initial radius. Simply, it doesn't matter whether we are tying a rope around an orange or the earth, when we add 1 meter to it's length (perimeter), we ALWAYS increase it's radius by 16 centimeters.
let's just say I was marvelled by this simple result.
by the way... most cats can squeeze beneath 16 centimeters.


text:
Focus: Human Rights and the ECHR
The United Nations Human Rights Committee, the monitoring treaty body of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, is one of the most important and highly regarded international human rights institutions. This article seeks to explore if geograph ical, political and cultural considerations influence the votes of committee members in decisions on individual communications. This article introduces an original dataset of the votes and backgrounds of committee members (CMs), hand coded by the author. The method used in the article is an empirical-quantitative analysis of the votes of CMs. The article finds that certain geopolitical voting patterns do exist in the votes of CMs. Evidence for cultural voting patterns is more limited. However, the article finds that usually voting patterns of individual CMs do not influence the final decision of the committee and that the decisions of the committee should be generally regarded as unbiased.


Can you eat a baby pig?
Can you eat a baby pig?
In culinary contexts, a suckling pig is slaughtered between the ages of two and six weeks. It is traditionally cooked whole, often roasted, in various cuisines. The meat from suckling pig is pale and tender and the cooked skin is crisp and can be used for pork rinds.
How can you tell how old a pig is?
Crowing. Shape and behavior are a good way to tell the age of a piglet. Young pigs have large heads and eyes, little fat, and small, thin legs. As they age they will get thicker skin, more wiry hair and more fat on their body.
What can I feed my baby pig?
What is poisonous to pigs?
READ: Which part of the brain controls emotions?
What do pet pigs like to play with?
Many use play pit balls, river rocks, large stones, stuffed animals, an assortment of toys, blankets, newspaper, anything your pig can search through will work fine.
Do pigs like hugs?
Pigs can be extremely affectionate as well. Some pigs are better at showing affection than others, but don't let the poker faces of pigs like our Pumpkin trick you. She isn't fooling anyone by at first laying just out of reach.
Do pigs like to be held?
Generally, pigs do not like to be held or picked up. 1 When a pig feels threatened, they will squeal loudly. 4 Even though you may be trying to pick up a baby pig to cuddle, the baby pig may be scared and squeal. Once your pig is used to being handled and scratched, try to entice them to sit in your lap.
How do you punish a mini pig?
Here is a step-by-step guide of how to confront aggressive behaviour in your pet:
 1. Gently Hold Your Pig's Mouth Closed – By first petting your pig, you can get them comfortable as you hold their mouth closed.
 2. Create the Situation – Pigs will often snap or bite at you in reaction to the same event.
How do you befriend a pig?
Pigs will usually approach you on their own and when they do, make sure you do not surprise them with a sudden touch or loud voice. Just stay calm and they will be calm too. Even so, in case your first meeting went wrong and you ended up scaring them, it is okay to keep trying until you win over their affection.
READ: How do I get an EIN number in CT?
Why do baby pigs nudge you?
They can nip or lunge at them, give them a head swipe or forcefully nudge them for attention. These behaviors are usually dominance games that pigs would be playing with each other. So, if a pig nudges you and you move away, the pig may assume that she has won the dominance game and has become your boss.
Do pet pigs bite?
Pigs sometimes lash out and bite, usually either out of fear or out of lack of discipline. Although wild pigs may show a lot of aggression, domesticated pigs kept as pets are not likely to bite or harm humans unless it has a good reason to do so. That's okay, pigs still make the best pets.
Do baby pigs bite?
How do you discipline a pet pig?
Do Juliana pigs make good pets?
Many people also say they can be smarter than dogs. The intelligence of pigs such as Juliana pigs make them popular as pets. This also makes them unique from other regular pets. Juliana pigs can also really surprise you with their great memory as well as how fast they can learn and pick up hints about certain things.
READ: How do I check my CE?
Do pigs get attached to their owner?
Spending even just a few months together with a pig can be enough for them to recognize their owners. Pigs are capable of remembering other things aside from fellow animals and people. It is in fact, easy to earn a pig's affection. When they do, they can become loyal and deeply attached.
Do pet pigs stink?
Pig owners quickly realize their pigs must learn to go outside like all other animals. 3. Pigs are generally clean animals and odorless because they don't sweat. Their bodies are clean but their snouts are always covered in mud, leaves, or yogurt.
How much do Juliana pigs cost?
Those cute piglets can cost between $1,200 and $6,500 a pop and can weigh a whopping 200 pounds once they mature.
Why pigs are bad pets?
How much is a mini pig pet?


text:
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Encouraging conservation-based planning in the transboundary watersheds of southeast Alaska and northwest British Columbia.
Rivers Without Borders Canada works with communities, scientists, First Nations, conservation allies, and others to encourage the adoption of long-term ecosystem-based planning to protect the extraordinary wildlife and marine habitat and cultural values of the transboundary watersheds of southeast Alaska and northwest British Columbia.
We promote a watershed-based conservation vision for an ecologically-rich region that virtually defines the essence of North American wilderness, and represents one of the continent's best conservation opportunities.
See why people support Rivers Without Borders
By working directly with First Nations like the Taku River Tlingit and other northern partners, Rivers Without Borders Canada is part of a vital movement towards sustainable northern communities.


when (number) {
 0 -> println("Zero")
 else -> println("Non-zero")
In this example, the code will print the following:
The purpose of this when expression is to determine whether or not a number is zero. It will get more complex — I promise!
To handle a specific case, you add the value followed by -> which indicates the code that will execute if the condition is met. Then, you use else to signify what should happen for all other values. Unlike other languages such as Java, there is no need to include a break statement in each branch, as the when expression will only use the first matching branch and then return.
Here's another example:
when (number) {
 10 -> println("It's ten!")
This time you check for 10, in which case, you print a message. Nothing should happen for other values.
Of course, when expressions also work with data types other than integers. Here's an example using a string:
val string = "Dog"
when (string) {
 "Cat", "Dog" -> println("Animal is a house pet.")
 else -> println("Animal is not a house pet.")
This will print the following:
Animal is a house pet.
In this example, you provide two values for the first argument, meaning that if the value is equal to either "Cat" or "Dog", then the statement will execute that branch of the expression.
Returning values
You can also give your when expressions more than one branch. And, due to the fact that when is an expression, you can use it to return a value, just like you can with if expressions. You can also ignore the value if you want to just use when as a statement. A when expression will return the value from the first branch with a matching argument.
If you want to determine the name of the number, you can assign the value with a when expression as follows
val numberName = when (number) {
 2 -> "two"
 4 -> "four"
 6 -> "six"
 8 -> "eight"
 10 -> "ten"
 else -> {
 println("Unknown number")
println(numberName) // > ten
In the else branch, you've used braces to include an entire block of code in the branch. The last value in the block is returned from the branch, so if number were not in (2, 4, 6, 8, 10) then numberName would have the value "Unknown".
Advanced when expressions
In the previous chapter, you saw an if expression that used multiple else clauses to convert an hour of the day to a string describing that part of the day. You could rewrite that more succinctly with a when expression, like so:
val hourOfDay = 12
val timeOfDay: String
timeOfDay = when (hourOfDay) {
 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 -> "Early morning"
 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 -> "Morning"
 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 -> "Afternoon"
 17, 18, 19 -> "Evening"
 20, 21, 22, 23 -> "Late evening"
 else -> "INVALID HOUR!"
This code will print the following:
Remember ranges? Well, you can use ranges to simplify this when expression. You can rewrite the above code using ranges:
timeOfDay = when (hourOfDay) {
 in 0..5 -> "Early morning"
 in 6..11 -> "Morning"
 in 12..16 -> "Afternoon"
 in 17..19 -> "Evening"
 in 20..23 -> "Late evening"
 else -> "INVALID HOUR!"
This is more succinct than writing out each value individually for all branches.
When there are multiple branches, the expression will execute the first one that matches. You'll probably agree that this is more succinct and more clear than using an if expression for this example.
It's slightly more precise as well, because the if expression method didn't address negative numbers, which here are correctly deemed to be invalid.
It's also possible to match a branch to a condition based on a property of the value, without any argument being supplied to the when expression. As you learned in Chapter 2, you can use the modulo operator to determine if an integer is even or odd.
Consider this code:
when {
 number % 2 == 0 -> println("Even")
 else -> println("Odd")
This will print the following:
The first branch of this when expression uses the == operator, meaning the argument will match only when a certain condition is true.
In this example, you've designed the argument to match if the value is even — that is, if the value modulo 2 equals 0.
Another example of using conditions in when expressions to great effect is as follows:
when {
 x == 0 && y == 0 && z == 0 -> println("Origin")
 y == 0 && z == 0 -> println("On the x-axis at x = $x")
 x == 0 && z == 0 -> println("On the y-axis at y = $y")
 x == 0 && y == 0 -> println("On the z-axis at z = $z")
 else -> println("Somewhere in space at x = $x, y = $y, z = $z")
Here's what each branch does, in order:
 1. Matches precisely the case where the value is (0, 0, 0). This is the origin of 3D space.
 2. Matches y=0, z=0 and any value of x. This means the coordinate is on the x-axis.
 3. Matches x=0, z=0 and any value of y. This means the coordinate is on the y-axis.
 4. Matches x=0, y=0 and any value of z. This means the coordinate is on the z-axis.
 5. Matches the remainder of coordinates.
The final branch with the else clause is the default; it matches anything, because there are no constraints on any part of the coordinates. Here's an example of a more complex case:
when {
 x == y -> println("Along the y = x line.")
 y == x * x -> println("Along the y = x^2 line.")
Here, you match the "y equals x" and "y equals x squared" lines. Since there is no argument to the when expression, you do not need an else branch, and the when expression will not execute a branch if there is no matching condition. And those are the basics of when expressions!
 1. Write a when expression that takes an age as an integer and prints out the life stage related to that age. You can make up the life stages, or use my categorization as follows: 0-2 years, Infant; 3-12 years, Child; 13-19 years, Teenager; 20-39, Adult; 40-60, Middle aged; 61+, Elderly.
 2. Write a when expression that destructures a Pair containing a string and an integer. The string is a name, and the integer is an age. Use the same cases that you used in the previous exercise to print out the name followed by the life stage. For example, for myself it would print out "Joe is an adult.".
 1. In the following for loop, what will be the value of sum, and how many iterations will happen?
var sum = 0
for(i in 0..5) {
 sum += i
 1. In the while loop below, how many instances of "a" will there be in aLotOfAs? Hint: aLotOfAs.count tells you how many characters are in the string aLotOfAs.
var aLotOfAs = ""
while (aLotOfAs.length < 10) {
 aLotOfAs += "a"
 1. Consider the following when expression:
when {
 x == y && y == z -> println("x = y = z")
 z == 0 -> println("On the x/y plane")
 y == 0 -> println("On the x/z plane")
 x == 0 -> println("On the y/z plane")
 else -> println("Nothing special")
What will this code print when coordinates is each of the following?
val (x, y, z) = Triple(1, 5, 0)
val (x, y, z) = Triple(2, 2, 2)
val (x, y, z) = Triple(3, 0, 1)
val (x, y, z) = Triple(3, 2, 5)
val (x, y, z) = Triple(0, 2, 4)
 1. A closed range can never be empty. Why?
 2. Print a countdown from 10 to 0. (Note: Do not use the downTo method)
 3. Print 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0.
Key points
 - You can use ranges to create a sequence of numbers, incrementing to move from one value


Oracle Fusion Middleware Evaluation Guide for Oracle Directory Server Enterprise Edition
Overview of the Commands
The DSEE includes the following tools to facilitate command-line management of the server:
On a Solaris package installation, these commands are located in /opt/SUNWdsee7/bin by default.
Some administrative operations, such as starting and stopping a server instance, require a local agent. For the command line, the local agent is the command itself. The dsadm and dpadm commands run locally because they require the server to be offline or they require specific system rights. For example, if you use the dsadm command to change a certificate, the server can be running but the operation needs to be executed by a privileged user.
You can use the DSEE CLI to administer and configure your directory remotely. You can run the dsconf and dpconf commands remotely to create suffixes, server instances, and indexes. These commands use LDAP authentication, so you do not need a local user on your machine, although the server instance itself must be running.


text:
How far is Nanchong from Xining?
There are several ways to calculate distances between Xining and Nanchong. Here are two common methods:Vincenty's formula (applied above)
- 460.321 miles
- 740.814 kilometers
- 400.008 nautical miles
Vincenty's formula calculates the distance between latitude/longitude points on the earth's surface, using an ellipsoidal model of the earth.Haversine formula
- 460.937 miles
- 741.806 kilometers
- 400.543 nautical miles
The haversine formula calculates the distance between latitude/longitude points assuming a spherical earth (great-circle distance – the shortest distance between two points).
Estimated flight time from Xining Caojiabao International Airport (XNN) to Nanchong Gaoping Airport (NAO) is 1 hour 22 minutes.
Time difference and current local times
There is no time difference between Xining and Nanchong.
Carbon dioxide emissions
Estimated CO2 emissions per passenger is 87 kg (192 pounds).
Xining to Nanchong flight map.
Frequent Flyer Miles Calculator
Xining (XNN) → Nanchong (NAO).


always placed on the uneven terrains and grounds.
Foot plant feature has some functions to manipulate its blend weights. Check out section 4 to find out more about its functions. It is recommended to enable this feature in some states which might have foot skating like locomotion states and disable it in the other states which is not capable of having foot skating like standing Idle. Please check "IdleUpdate.cs" and "LocomotionUpdate.cs" to find out how to disable and enable this feature safely.
 - Forward Vector: This vector should be set to show the character foot initial direction. What you see in the Character foot reference pose or (Mecanim T-Pose) is what you should use here. At many times character initial forward vector is equal to foot forward vector.
 - IK Hint Offset: The IK hint position will be calculated automatically as stated in section 1. The IK Hint Offset is added to this the final calculated IK Hint Position to fine tune the final IK hint position.
 - Up Vector: Up vector shows the character up vector. This should be equal to world up vector (Vector3(0, 1, 0)) if the character is moving on ground. Otherwise for some rare situations like running on walls this should be changed accordingly.
 - Foot Offset Dist: The distance used for raycasting. Figure 1, 3 and 5 show the parameter in action.
 - Foot Length: Foot length is used to find the toe position to set the foot pitch rotation. It should be equal to character's foot length. Figure 3 shows the details.
 - Foot Half Width: This parameter should be equal to half width of the foot. It is used to find foot roll rotation. Figure 5 shows the details.
 - Foot Height: Foot height is used to set the correct heel position on ground. It should be equal to distance of heel center to lower leg joint. Figure 1 and 2 show the details.
 - Foot Rotation Limit: The IK foot rotation will not exceed from this value and this will be its limit for rotation. The value is considered in degrees.
 - Transition Time: When no contact point is detected by the system, it will switch to FK mode smoothly through time. Also when the system is in FK mode and it finds a contact point it will switch to IK mode smoothly through time. The "Transition Time" parameter, is the time length of the smooth transition between FK to IK or IK to FK.
 - Extra Ray Distance Check: This parameter is used to find correct foot, toe or heel corner position on ground. Figure 1, 3 and 5 show the parameter in action. This parameter can be changed dynamically to achieve better visual results. Check out the "IdleUpdate.cs" and "LocomotionUpdate.cs" scripts in the project to find out the details. These scripts are changing the "Extra Ray Distance Check" value based on the foot position in the animations and the current animation state. Both scripts use Unity 5 animator behavior callbacks.
4- Mec Foot Placer Component
The Mec Foot Placer component is responsible for setting the correct rotation and position of feet on the ground and switching between IK and FK for feet automatically.
Mec Foot Placer provides some functions which can be used by user. These functions are stated here:
 - void SetActive(AvatarIKGoal foot_id, bool active): This function will set the system on or off safely for each foot. At some states you don't need the system to be active. For example when character is falling, there is no need to check for foot placement. However the system will work correctly on this state too but the user can disable it to ignore the calculations of the component. Each feet can be activated or deactivated separately.
 - bool IsActive(AvatarIKGoal foot_id): If the current foot is active the function returns true otherwise false.
 - void EnablePlant(AvatarIKGoal foot_id, float blend_speed): This function will set the plant foot weight from its current value to 1 through time based on blend speed parameter. The function is useful to be used for some states which need foot planting like locomotion. By using it, plant foot feature will be activated smoothly through time. To have the plant foot feature effective the plant foot weight value should be higher than 0.
 - void DisablePlant(AvatarIKGoal foot_id, float blend_speed): This function will set the plant foot weight from its current value to 0 through time based on blend speed parameter. The function is useful to be used for some states which doesn't need foot planting like standing idles. By using it plant foot feature will be deactivated smoothly through time.
 - void SetPlantBlendWeight(AvatarIKGoal foot_id, float weight): Sometimes you need to manually change the plant blend values rather than using DisablePlant or EnablePlant functions. This function sets the blend weight between planted foot position and rotation with the non-planted foot position and rotation.
 - float GetPlantBlendWeight(AvatarIKGoal foot_id): This function returns current blend weight for foot planting feature.
5- Quick Setup Guide
To setup the system you have to add a MecFootPlacer component. The foot placement component needs at least one FootPlacementData component otherwise it will not work. If two feet are needed to be considered, two foot placement data components should be set. One for right foot and one for left foot so the system can manipulate both feet.
After setting the components the Mec Foot Placer system should work correctly. Check out the example scenes for more info.
5-1- Important Notes on Setting Up the System
Some important notes should be considered before setting up the system:
 - Exposing Necessary Bones: If you checked "Optimize Game Objects" in the avatar rig, then some bones have to be exposed since the Mec Foot Placer needs them to work correctly. The bones are listed here:
 1- The corresponding bones for left and right feet.
 2- The corresponding bones for left and right lower legs.
 Check out the "Robot Kyle" avatar in the project to find how it can be done.
 - Setting up the data correctly: Don't forget that setting up the data for foot placement needs precision and at some states the data needs to be changed dynamically to achieve the best effects. For example the "Extra Ray Distance Check" parameter should be increased or decreased in different states or animation times to achieve better visual results. Fortunately this can be done easily in Unity 5 by using animator behavior scripts. Check out the "IdleUpdate.cs" and "LocomotionUpdate.cs" in project to find out the details. Both scripts are being called within "SimpleLocomotion" animation controller. As Scripts show, the "Extra Ray Distance Check" parameter is increased while character enters in idle state. Also in the locomotion state, the "Extra Ray Distance Check" parameter increases in the times that character is putting his feet on the ground. This is to make sure that foot touches the ground. It will be decreased while the foot is not on the ground to help the foot move freely while looking for ground contacts as well.
 - Checking IK Pass Check Box: On any layer in which you need IK, you have to check IK pass check box in the animator controller so the IK callbacks can be called by Mecanim. If you don't check this check box, Mec Foot Placer will not work.
 - Mecanim Specific Features: Mecanim humanoid rigs provide a leg stretching feature which can help foot IK to look better. The leg stretching feature can avoid Knee popping while setting foot IK. However the value should be set accurately. High values of this feature makes the character cartoony and low values can increase the chance of knee popping in the character. To setup Leg Stretch feature you have to select your character asset. It should be a humanoid rig. In the rig tab, select configure then select muscles tab. In the "Additional Settings" group, you can find a parameter named "Leg Stretch". Check out "Robot Kyle" avatar in the project to find out more.
Wednesday, June 24, 2015
Avoiding High Dimensionality in Animation State Space
By the progression of computer hardware, video games can have plenty of animations. This amount of animations need to be manipulated. Each specific animation or just some frames of it needs to be played at the right moment to fulfill a motion related task. Usually, developers try to keep the animation controller separate from the other modules like AI or control so they can just send some parameters to the animation system and the animation system should return the most suitable animation to respond well to the control or AI modules. This can remove the complexity of manipulating animations from the control or AI as they already have their own complexities.
The animation controller promises to return the most suitable animation based on the input parameters. There exists different rules to select animations based on the input parameters. Usually, the speed, rotation and translation of the current animation bones are considered and based on these, a suitable animation will be selected which has the least difference in speed and translation/rotation with the currently playing animation poses. Also the returned animation has to satisfy the motion related tasks. It has to do what the other modules are expected from it to do. For example a path planner can send input parameters like steering degree and speed value to the animation controller and the animation controller should return the best suited motion out of its existing animations to follow the path correctly.
There exists different animation controllers which have already become a standard in video games. The most famous are the animation state machines. They are in many game engines or


text:
The effect of sulfur on biomass gasification gas clean-up over ZrO2, Y2O3–ZrO2 and SiO2–ZrO2 catalysts was examined. Experiments were carried out at the temperature range of 600–900 °C with sulfur free and 100 ppm H2S containing simulated gasification gas feeds. A mixture of toluene and naphthalene was used as a tar model compound. Results revealed that the sulfur addition affected positively on the catalyst properties mainly at 600 and 700 °C: over Y2O3–ZrO2 and ZrO2 sulfur addition improved naphthalene and ammonia conversion. However, over SiO2–ZrO2 no clear effect with H2S addition was observed. The effect of sulfur addition on the catalyst properties was connected to the formation of SO2 from H2S when oxygen was available. The intensity of the sulfur effect increased with the Lewis basicity strength of the catalysts. This indicates that the sulfur adsorption has a role in generating new type of active sites and/or plays role in changing the redox properties of the zirconia. Since the biomass gasification gas contains usually significant amounts of H2S the sulfur tolerance of the zirconia based catalysts is a remarkable benefit.
- gas clean-up
- sulfur tolerance
- zirconia catalyst
- biomass gasification
Rönkkönen, H., Simell, P., Reinikainen, M., & Krause, O. (2009). The effect of sulfur on ZrO2-based biomass gasification gas clean-up catalysts. Topics in Catalysis, 52(8), 1070 - 1078. _URL_


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