Article ID : S500024724 / Last Modified : 11/04/2018
How do I use Share Charm in Windows 8?
How do I use Share Charm in Windows 8?
 The Share Charm allows you to quickly share files and information with people you know or send info to another app, without having to exit to the App you are currently using. Examples of using the Share Charm are emailing photos to someone or posting an article to Facebook.
 The share Charm is available from anywhere in the system, but it can only be used to the Apps that supports Sharing.
 To use the Share Charm:
 1. Open a file or information you want to Share. For example, using the Photos App, select one of the Photos you have.
 Note: If you have not selected any item, Windows 8 will display a message that there's nothing to share and asks you to select an app and try again.
 2. Move your mouse from the top or bottom-right corner of the screen, and then click on Share charm from the Charms bar.
 3. Choose which app to share with, and then follow the on-screen instructions. For example, choose Email app if you want to email the photo you've selected.


kids encyclopedia robot
Haze facts for kids
Kids Encyclopedia Facts
Harmattan Haze in Abuja.
Haze is a problem with the air quality in which smoke covers the sky, making it hard for people to breathe. Some people fall sick as well due to the polluted air.
The World Meteorological Organization manual of codes includes a classification of horizontal obscuration into categories of fog, ice fog, steam fog, mist, haze, smoke, volcanic ash, dust, sand, and snow. Sources for haze particles include farming (ploughing in dry weather), traffic, industry, and wildfires.
Seen from afar (e.g. an approaching airplane) and depending on the direction of view with respect to the Sun, haze may appear brownish or bluish, while mist tends to be bluish grey. Whereas haze often is thought of as a phenomenon of dry air, mist formation is a phenomenon of humid air. However, haze particles may act as condensation nuclei for the subsequent formation of mist droplets; such forms of haze are known as "wet haze."
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Haze Facts for Kids. Kiddle Encyclopedia.


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Joints in steel construction. Simple connections - (In accordance with BS5950-1:2000) Reprinted edition (P212)
This publication provides design guidance for structural steelwork connections for use in buildings designed by the "Simple Method". This publication is another in the series of "Green Books" that cover a range of steelwork connections. (Published 2002)
This publication provides design guidance for structural steelwork connections for use in buildings designed by the "Simple Method" i.e. braced frames where connections carry mainly shear and axial loads only. It is in accordance with BS 5950-1:2000. Design guidance for a range of simple connections was originally published in two separate volumes entitled:
Joints in simple construction: Volume 1: Design Methods (P205) and Volume 2: Practical Applications (P206/92).
Availability of further research has enabled this publication to include design guidance for a wider range of simple joints and, at the same time, the opportunity has been taken to combine the two volumes. The major additions to the previous publications (Volumes 1 and 2) are:
- inclusion of design guidance for bolted connections to hot finished structural hollow sections using Flowdrill or Hollo-Bolts;
- use of fin plates for deep beams;
- inclusion of design procedures for double lines of bolts in double angle web cleats and fin plates;
- improved structural integrity guidance;
- use of fully threaded bolts;
- inclusion of bracing connections;
- inclusion of slotted and kidney shaped holes.
Comprehensive step-by-step design procedures, worked examples and capacity tables are included for double angle cleats, flexible end plates, fin plates, splices, and column base plate connections. Capacity tables have an extensive range of standard connections with shear and tying capacities tabulated in user-friendly format.
REPRINTED EDITION: The capacity tables for fin plates (H27 to H30) have been amended and included in this edition.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


To enable MediaHint on Google TV:
Note: each manufacturer has a different implementation of Google TV. The instructions below should be considered a starting point. For exact details on how to change DNS settings on your device, please consult the manual included with the device.
Step 1: Choose Settings > Network
Step 2: Select Ethernet or Wireless depending on your connection to the internet
Step 3:
For Wi-Fi, click and hold down on your Wi-Fi network until you get a popup. Select Modify Network
Step 4:
Set IP settings to static
Step 5:
If the IP address, Gateway (Router's IP address) and Network prefix length fields are blank or show a caution symbol, you may need to obtain this info from your computer's network connection status or from your router.
Step 6:
Scroll down to DNS settings and input:
Primary DNS:
Secondary DNS:
Step 7:
Click Save
Step 8:
Restart TV
Return to My Account


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In this video and guide we show you the best way to start an online lesson in Microsoft Teams. Follow the tips below if you want to control presenters and have more control over the video conference.
Tip 1 – Create your lesson in the calendar view
Creating your lesson in the calendar rather than directly from your class team channel gives you a number of benefits including:
- Sends out an email invitation to all students
- If students accept the invitation it will add it to their own personal outlook calendar providing structure to their day.
- You can stop students from being presenters (and some of the disruption they could cause)
When creating the calendar invite, there is no need to add the students individually, you just need to select the class as shown below.
Tip 2 – Stop students presenting
By default, students are also presenters which means they can share their screens and kick others out of the meeting. This may disrupt the lesson, but you can change this setting!
Save the calendar meeting and wait for it to finish setting up (it becomes bold in the calendar view).
Once you go back into the calendar item, you will see there are additional menu items for controlling the meeting options.
Select "Meeting options" and then change the presenter to "Only Me" and press "Save".
Tip 3 – Mute microphones
The first 4 students who join the meeting will have their mics unmuted, use the "Mute all" button at any point during the lesson.
Tip 4 – Share screens
Use the share button to share your screen or present an application or file.
Tip 5 – Mention that the lesson is about to start
Mentioning the class will send them an instant notification in teams. Use it to notify them that the lesson is about to start.
Tip 6 – Record the lesson
Some students may not be able to make it to your lesson in time. Ensure no one misses out and that they can use it for revision purposes by recording the meeting.
We hope you find these tips useful. Good luck with your online lessons!


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We've been scratching our heads over how to tackle this for some time, and are no more illuminated than when we started. I hope you can help. Our task is thus: how to draw a lake with a solid outer perimeter line and no lines between internal wetlands, shoals and shallows? 'Tis a relatively straightforward process with Arcinfo coverages and Regions, but alas, that is no longer a viable option for us, the datasets we use now are too large and the lack coverage editing ability in Arcmap crucial. Can cartographic representation solve our dilemma? Is it possible to create something like the below without resorting to creating (and managing) duplicating, or triplicating, geometries whose sole purpose is better looking maps?
With a feature class: Boundary between river and lake is visible. Keeping them as distinct polygons in one feature class allows a name attribute (the river and laker differ). Elsewhere the heavy line implies a sharp boundary between lake and shallows/intermittent lake, however the actual edge is indeterminate, fluctuating with seasons and high-low water cycles. The line should be implied rather than drawn.
With regions: One geometry, multiple attribute tables, multiple representations.
- Outer perimeter (ordinary high water mark) is cleanly delineated
- No apparent division between lake and river, but they still know which is which
- Shallow/intermittent waters are symbolized appropriately, with river shallows distinguished from lake shallows.
EDIT, 2001-Apr-18 - see this page for a map package simulation of what we're trying to achieve and the source arcinfo region coverage from which it is built.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Meet Max, the Human Skeleton Model with Painted Muscle Origins and Inserts from 3B Scientific. Max has all of the same quality features as the original 3B Scientific Human Skeleton with the added benefit of having a painted on muscle structure on his entire left side. These added details help show the natural structural relation between the bones and the muscles of the human body. Featuring over 600 hand-numbered anatomical structures, Max helps students learn of specific muscle origins (painted in red) and insertions (painted in blue), as well as bones, fissures, and foramina on the right side.
This Human Skeleton Model also features a 3-part assembled skull, individually inserted teeth, and easy-to-remove limbs for specific interaction with individual parts. Max's height and weight are very close to that of an actual average human skeleton with around 200 bones. Available with choice of two different stand options, each with five casters for maneuverability.
Human Skeleton Model Features and Benefits:
- Close to Realistic Weight of Around 200 Bones.
- Natural Size.
- Anatomically Correct.
- 3-Part Assembled Skull.
- Individually Inserted Teeth.
- Limbs Can Be Removed Quickly and Easily.
- Top Quality Natural Casting Made in Germany.
- Final Assembly Carried Out by Hand.
- Made From a Durable, Unbreakable Synthetic Material.
- Available On Either Metal Stand with 5 Casters or Metal Hanging Stand with 5 Casters (Painted White).
Human Skeleton Model Specifications:
- Manufacturer: 3B Scientific
- Weight (Max): 21.10 lb
- Weight (Hanging Max): 19.33 lb
- Height (Max): 69.5 Inch
- Height (Hanging Max): 75.8 Inch
- Product Number: A11, A11/1
- Additional Information
Manufacturer 3B Scientific
- Community Q&A
Product QuestionsNo questions yet. Be the first to ask the question!


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What does mean stuck?
Stuck describes something that's frozen or fixed in one place and can't be moved. If your foot gets stuck in the mud, it means you can't get your foot out of its messy trap. The lid of a jar can be stuck, and your car can get stuck in traffic; either way, the thing that's stuck isn't going anywhere.
What do you do if you get stuck in a traffic jam?
You can use time stuck in traffic to learn something new or enjoy this alone time instead.
- Listen to music and sing your heart out.
- Read your favorite book.
- Take a nap.
- Post something online about the traffic jam or things you see while stuck in traffic.
- Make a to-do list.
- Call a friend.
Are stuck with meaning?
Forced to tolerate, deal with, or manage someone or something. The executives want this in the final product no matter what, so it looks like we're stuck with it. Once you have kids with someone, you're pretty much stuck with that person for the rest of your life, even if you don't stay in a relationship.
How do you use stuck up in a sentence?
Use "stuck-up" in a sentence | "stuck-up" sentence examples
- His wife was a bit stuck-up.
- We thought his wife was stuck-up.
- Too stuck-up, considering what she was.
- Daughter Amanda is more stuck-up than a chimney sweep's brush.
- Tanya is so stuck-up.
- I can't stand her – she's so stuck-up.
What does struck by a car mean?
Struck is a person or thing that has been hit or attacked, or affected by a labor strike. An example of struck is a deer that's been hit by a car. An example of struck is a company with their employees on strike. verb.
What are the ways to strike a friendship with someone?
to become friends (with someone). I struck up a friendship with John while we were on a business trip together. If you're lonely, you should go out and try to strike up a friendship with someone you like.


Role Conflict: Canada's Withdrawal from Combat Operations Against ISIL
Massie, Justin
With Laura Pelletier
This paper seeks to understand the peculiarity of the Trudeau government's decision to withdraw Canadian fighter jets from Iraq and Syria. Most studies have focused on electoral turnover to account for early withdrawal from coalition operations. Yet no study offers a plausible explanation for why a centrist challenger, such as Trudeau, favoured early withdrawal despite public support and alliance pressure for continued involvement, and committed when in power to a bolder and riskier mission while withdrawing valued military assets from coalition operations. Building on foreign policy role theory, we argue that role conflict best explains the particularity of the Trudeau government's withdrawal decision. In the wake of the 2015 federal election, the Liberal Party of Canada witnessed an intra-party conflict over which role to perform between that of a faithful ally and a good international citizen. The party leader finally proposed a compromise mission making Canada more involved on the frontlines.
Pelletier, L., Massie. (2017). «Role Conflict: Canada's Withdrawal from Combat Operations Against ISIL », International Journal, vol. 72, no 3, p. 298-317. DOI:
Observatoire des Diasporas
Observatoire des Diasporas
Bibliothèque virtuelle
Appels à communication
Bourses et concours
Le balado du CRIDAQ
Notre infolettre
CRIDAQ filigrane


Mission Statement
 - To provide culturally sensitive supportive services that are essential for Southeast Asian (Cambodian, Hmong, Laotian, and Vietnamese) American students at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee to achieve their educational goals.
 - To recruit Southeast Asian-American students to the university by doing recruitment and outreach activities.
 - To work with the campus community to create a warmer, friendlier campus environment that encourages Southeast Asian-American students to engage in the process of learning and discovery.


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Many users are facing Gmail Server Error 007. The error usually occurs while sending mail to someone. The Gmail doesn't respond, and the user fails to send the message, and error is shown on the user's screen "server error encountered..". We have figured different causes of why the Gmail Error 007 occurs and ways to resolve it. So, you can look at the solutions mentioned below.
Howw to Fix Gmail Server Error 007
Don't worry; there are easy fixes to solve the Gmail server error 007. So, to fix the error, follow the below solutions:
1. Clear Cookies and Cache
Clearing the Cache and Cookies from Chrome is a straightforward process and can help you to fix Gmail Server Error 007. So, follow the below-given steps to clear out cookies and cache:
Step 1: At first, click on the three dots at the top, on the right side of your browser window. After that, click on Settings.
Step 2: Settings tab will appear. Now, scroll down until you find Show Advanced Settings option and then click on it.
Step 3: The next step is to click on the Content Settings option under the section Privacy and security.
Step 4: Now, click on the Cookies option. Now, under the section Cookies, click on See all cookies and site data.
Step 5: At last, click on the button. Clear Data and then the Done button.
Now check if the Gmail error 007 resolves or not.
2. Disable Browser's Extensions
Extensions can cause the Gmail Server Error 007, in case you have installed extensions just before getting the error 007. Also, if you have not installed any extension, the already existing extension can cause failure. Maybe the extension needs to be updated. So, by disabling the extension, you can fix the error. Follow the below steps to fix error:
Step 1: At first, open your Google Chrome. Now, click on the three dots at the top, on the right side of your browser window.
Step 2: After that, click on More tools and then select the option Extensions.
Step 3: The last step is to Disable all your extensions.
Now, if the error resolves, it means one of the extensions is causing the Gmail Server Error 007.
3. Disable Background Send
Another reason for Gmail Server Error 007 is that 'Background send' is not disabled. Background send means even you have exited from your Gmail window; your account continues to send an email that may cause server error. So, to disable it follow the below easy steps:
Step 1: Start with Signing in your Gmail account.
Step 2: Now, click on the gear type icon present at the top on the right side of the window.
Step 3: Next is to click on Settings and then search for the Lab tab.
Step 4: Look for Background send and click to Disable it.
After looking at the reports sent in by the users, this solution usually works for 95% of the time, and then you can freely send any email to anyone in the world without the need to worry about the Gmail Server Error 007.
4. Check for Browser Update and Virus
Another reason for Gmail Server Error is viruses in your system. Virus degrade the performance of your system and also harm the system. So, it's better to scan your system regularly for viruses. Hence, you always need to have an Antivirus Program in your system to protect it from harm.
The browser also needs to be up-to-date. Thus, whenever an update is received, you should update your browser for its proper functioning. Although Chrome updates automatically, but make sure it is up-to-date. In the case of any other browser, go to the browser's settings window and look for a 'check for updates' option.
Tips to Solve "Oops… a server error occurred and your email was not sent. (#007)"
If you have tried all the above-mentioned methods and still you got nothing. These few google technicians have encountered cases when none of the previous remedies seem to work.
1. As mentioned above, you need to disable the "Background send" lab, and if you have already done it. You just need to wait some time for it actually to come into practice.
2. Moreover, you can also try to restart and refresh your web browser page to get rid of the error. The background sends lab settings that are actually disabled.
3. The executing files may or may not harm your computer. So, you should always check for any kind of bug or virus in the files. Nevertheless, make sure that the trojan you are dealing with is the Gmail error 007. There is a time when we have similar problems. But, they have different causes and solutions.
4. However, if you are able to use the same account that you are using on your PC to send emails but on some other device. Then this means that your Gmail is working perfectly fine, but there is some issue with your PC.
5. Make sure that you are sending an email to someone, and you have some attached files along with it. Make sure that its limit is under 25MB. Else, the mail will report an error.
How to Prevent Gmail Server Error 007
Not to mention, if this problem is not resolved even after following the above-mentioned steps, you need to ensure some additional safety measures for the proper functioning of this application on your PC.
1: Make sure that you are using the updated web browser because sometimes using an older browser may cause some problems.
2: In order for the smooth and fast working of your PC, you should definitely delete all of your cache and the cookies on your PC.
3: Moreover, you can also disable the add-ons present on your web browser along with the browser extensions.
4: After completing the above steps, you should close your browser and then try re-opening it.
5: Then, you can try to open the Gmail application without any labs.
6: Lastly, you should also make sure that your virus scanner is disabled. And if the 007 server error is gone after this step, you should try and contact the parent company of the anti-virus that is used on your computer, and they may guide you better regarding this error.
Gmail Server Error 007 can easily be resolved by following the above solutions. Also, try closing your browser window and relaunching it to fix the error. Some sites ask to install their software. However, this is not authentic, so do not fall off their trap. As there can be some Trojan or Malware in their software that may hack your server. This can delete your personal data or even access it. So, try to avoid such fake sites that make such claims.


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Earth from Space: The Tibesti Mountains
About this Image
The Tibesti Mountains, located mostly in Chad with the northern slopes extending into Libya, are captured in this image, acquired on March 4, 2012 by Envisat's MERIS instrument. The mountains' highest peak is Emi Koussi – pictured here as a circular structure in the lower-right portion of the dark area. The westernmost volcano is Toussidé. Our satellite view shows the dark peak with lava flows extending to the left. The white depression to the southeast gets its colour from the accumulation of carbonate salts, creating a soda lake. Surrounding the Tibesti Mountains, the sands of the Sahara appear like orange, yellow and white brushstrokes.


Camtasia vs. Filmora (2021)
Camtasia vs Filmora
Camtasia vs. Filmora
In a world where digital products are becoming increasingly important, you need tools that will enable you to get the best outcomes. For example, recording and editing videos carry a great deal of significance in the current digital age, where content is a massively valuable product. But, the big question to content creators is whether they know the right tools to use.
Well, Camtasia and Filmora are common tools of the trade in the content creation space. It's for this reason that the Camtasia vs. Filmora debate happens to be a significant one. In this article, we compare Camtasia and Filmora to see which one you would consider.
Both video editing software tools have features that define their individual functionalities. The features in each of them operate differently and produce unique results depending on their levels of advancement.
This is an excellent way of comparing them to allow users to choose the one that fits their needs and preferences the best. Here are some of the features contained in Camtasia and Filmora.
The first feature that both software have is transitions. Essentially, transitions are the animations that bridge the gap between video clips. Camtasia has a total of 31 transitions, while Filmora has a total of 233 transitions.
So, certainly, in terms of the numbers, Filmora emerges as the winner here. Moreover, the quality of transitions in Filmora is higher than the one in Camtasia.
Video Effects
Video effects are important because they increase the value of videos by making them look better. Well, in regards to video effects, Camtasia has 10 video effects. Some of the video effects contained in Camtasia include colour adjustment and clip speed.
Related: Adobe Premiere Pro vs. HitFilm Express
Filmora contains 287 video effects. Clearly, the number of video effects in Filmora is higher than the one in Camtasia. The advantage of using software with many video effects is that you have a wide spectrum to choose from to improve the appearance of your videos.
If you're looking for video editing software with a wide variety of video effects, then your choice should be Filmora.
Audio Effects
Filmora Audio Effects
Filmora Audio Effects
How do audio effects compare in Camtasia vs Filmora comparison? Both Camtasia and Filmora can edit audio files. Additionally, they can get rid of unnecessary background noise, which affects the quality of your content. However, Filmora has better and advanced capabilities for audio editing when it comes to individual capabilities than Camtasia.
It is possible to fine-tune the pitch of audio recordings for both of them in the same vein. The bottom line here is that Filmora has more features for editing audio compared to Camtasia.
Cursor Effects
Camtasia has 16 cursor effects that you can apply. Some of the effects include: highlight, spotlight, magnify, and cursor smoothing. On the contrary, Filmora has fewer cursor effects compared to Camtasia. If you're looking for editing software with a wide variety of cursor effects, Camtasia is the better option.
Screen Recorders
Both Camtasia and Filmora have good screen recording abilities. While they have different options for screen recording, they definitely have commendable screen recorders.
Ease of Use
Ease of use is a major consideration that software users factor in when choosing the tool to use. Given that there are beginners in content creation, they would rather opt for easy to use software compared to the complicated one.
Anyway, it all depends on the needs of a user and their level of skill in usage. When you compare Camtasia and Filmora, you'll find that both are easy to use to a great extent. None of them is complicated.
Related: Adobe Premiere Pro vs. Corel VideoStudio
However, Filmora happens to have advanced features. It is also worth pointing out that Filmora has features that help to boost its productivity, which encourages users to use it. Ultimately, with some bit of training, you'll be in a position to use these software tools with a lot of ease.
Camtasia vs Filmora Pricing
Camtasia vs FilmCamtasia vs Filmora – Pricing
One of the factors that many content creators consider when considering video editing software is price. Basically, both Camtasia and Filmora have different pricing plans that users can choose from.
For this article, let's compare their one-time price plan. For Camtasia, the one-time price plan costs $249.99 for a single license. Users who would like to have access to future versions of the software should buy the Maintenance plan at $49.75 annually.
The one-time cost for Filmora is $79.99. If you would like to have access to the latest versions of the video editing software, you can do so by paying $49.99 annually. Clearly, the cheaper video editing software is Filmora.
The price of a software tool depends on multiple aspects, including the features and others. These are the things you consider when settling on the one you'll opt for.
Related: Adobe Premiere Rush vs. Elements 2021
System Requirements for Functionality
The best advice that software experts advise users is that they should have the best hardware to produce superior quality videos. That being said, you can still use minimum system requirements and achieve good outcomes.
Both software tools have different system requirements for their operations. For Windows systems, Camtasia can use a minimum system requirement of Windows 10, while in Filmora, you can use a minimum of Windows 7.
For the processor, a minimum of 2.8GHz is fine for Camtasia, while Filmora can do well with 2 GHz. The minimum RAM specification for Camtasia is 8GB, while that for Filmora is 4GB. In terms of disk space, the minimum for Camtasia is 4GB, while that for Filmora is 10GB.
Which one is for you?
From all the features compared, I suggest going with Filmora. It requires less RAM, it's cost-effective, and it offers additional functionalities. Unless you have a specific option that you like in Camtasia, Filmora is the way to go.
Links: Camtasia vs. Filmora
Wind up
Now, having compared Camtasia vs Filmora, you're able to settle for the one that best fits you. It all comes down to what you want for your video editing projects. Your tastes, preferences, and needs are imperative when deciding to use either Camtasia or Filmora.
For example, if you're looking for an editing software tool with more advanced features, you can opt for Filmora. Also, if you want more cursor effects applications, Camtasia is the option to go for. The takeaway here is that both are great options depending on one's needs and preferences.
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A cross country race is usually 5K (3.1 miles) for high school students and 3K (1.86 miles) for middle school students. The cross country season typically starts in September and ends in November. During a race, individuals and/or teams compete against one another to earn the fewest points.
|1. Event Logistics||6. Awards|
|2. Location and Course||7. Water|
|3. Organizing Heats||8. Wrap-Up|
|4. Timing||9. Additional Information / Ideas|
- The Event Planning Guide will help you consider the important elements in staging your athletic event.
- The Planning Timeline will help you carefully schedule your event preparations.
- The cross country Staffing and Supplies Checklist will help you assign roles to your colleagues and ensure you have everything you need for a successful event.
- The standard distance for a cross country race is 5K (3.1 miles) for high school students and 3K (1.86 miles) for middle school students, but the distance can be modified slightly to suit your students' needs.
- Make sure to measure the course accurately.
- Clearly identify the start and finish line(s) and mark the entire course for race day using cones or chalk.
- If participants will be out of sight for all or part of the race, plan on having plenty of marshals to guide runners and monitor the course.
- We suggest no more than 50 runners per heat.
- Decide how to organize heats in advance. You can divide participants by sex, class, age, height, skill, or simply by random assignment.
- Plan on a way to identify and separate heats. One option is to have separate areas with signs where each group can congregate. You can then walk each group to the start when it is their turn to run. Another possibility is to distribute colored or numbered stickers or wristbands to identify each heat, which you can then check as runners line up to run.
- Gather each heat 15 minutes before its start time so you can make sure all of the right participants are present for their heat.
- If you have time, you can start each heat so it finishes before the next one begins. If you are tight on time, you can space each heat several minutes apart. In that case, be sure heats are far enough apart that runners in different heats will not overlap with one another.
- Designate a timer at the finish line. If a printing stopwatch is available, click it each time a runner crosses the finish line to record their place and time. Later, you can use this information to compile the race results. Alternatively, assign a timer and a recorder. The timer will call out times as runners finish for a colleague to write down.
- Enlist several adults at the finish area to keep runners organized. When runners cross the finish line, keep them in order in a narrow area called a chute until you can note their finish places, names, and teams. Expedite this process by giving runners a sticker before the race with their name and team that you can remove at the finish line and organize on sheets of paper. If you don't have stickers, use a stack of pre-numbered index cards, indicating finish places, and hand them to runners as they finish. Runners can then proceed to a finish table to fill out their names and teams on the card. You can later match the finishers' names and places to the times on the stopwatch.
- A standard cross country team has seven scoring runners. You can allow teams with more runners as well as individuals, but they will not be considered in the team scoring.
- The first five runners' scores are included in the team score. For example, if Team A's runners finish in 2nd, 7th, 8th, 12th, 18th, 30th, and 31st, Team A receives 47 points. The team with the lowest score wins.
- Each scoring runner receives points corresponding to their overall place among other scoring runners. For example, if Team A has eight runners that finish in 1st through 8th place, and Team B's fastest runner finishes 9th, Team Bís top runner receives 8 points (Team Aís eighth runner is not included in scoring). In the event of a tie, you may consider including sixth and seventh place runners in team scores to determine a winner.
- While the sixth and seventh runners do not count towards their teamís score, they can still help their team win. If the sixth runner on a team comes in before the fifth runner on another team, they help increase the other team's score.
- For a traditional team-scored event, tally the results and present awards to the top teams and top individual finishers.
- For a less competitive event, you can station someone at the finish line to hand out participant awards as students finish or give them to each teacher or coach to distribute to their teams.
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Consider starting the event with a group warmup where you gather all participants together and have them follow along as an adult leads a simple warmup routine comprised of dynamic stretches and/or a brief jog. You can also organize a group cool-down.
- Try to position the warmup/cool-down leader above or below the runners (using stairs, a hill, or a stage) so the kids see the leader and can copy their movements. Provide a microphone if available.
- Play energizing music, if possible.
- Check out these sample warmup routines for some ideas:
In competitive settings, cross country runners often wear spikes. Spikes are shoes with metal spikes that improve a runner's traction. For a race with many beginners, or when a significant portion of the race will be run on hard surfaces (like concrete or asphalt), you may consider disallowing spikes. Check for any rules against spikes at the location of your race.Back to top


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Horace Mann alumnus Amos Kamil uncovered decades of sexual abuse at his school in a shocking New York Times Magazine cover story.
Here are some highlights from the article:
-Shortly after Kamil arrived at the school, he was warned by another student about certain teachers who were known as perverts.
-One former student says his art teacher, Mark Wright, asked to draw a portrait of him after-hours. He then allegedly made the boy strip and assaulted him.
-The same teacher performed physicals for boys' sports and allegedly assaulted boys then.
-Another teacher, Stanley Kops, coached the swim team and was known to allegedly join the boys in the shower. He later resigned after allegations of misconduct and committed suicide.
-Johannes Somary was a brilliant music teacher who allegedly took one student on solo trips to Europe, where the student accuses him of rape.
-Another student, Ben, eventually admitted to his parents he had a sexual relationship with Somary. When his mother confronted the teacher he said "That's how we Swiss kiss!" Ben eventually committed suicide.
-When the author tried to contact the school, they said: "The article contains allegations dating back, in some instances, 30 years, long before the current administration took office, which makes it difficult to accurately respond to the factual allegations therein. In addition, on June 13, 1984, there was a fire in the attic of the business office that destroyed some records."
-The school has since released this letter to parents responding to the article.


text:
Five new names have been approved for Mars: Angustus Labyrinthus, Chronius Mons, Promethei Mons, Sisyphi Tholus, and Thyles Montes. The names Australis Patera, Angusta Patera, and Cavi Frigores have been marked as dropped in the database. New imagery has shown that the two paterae were named using the wrong descriptor term, and the area previously named Cavi Frigores has been incorporated into the adjacent Cavi Angusti.
The definition of the descriptor term labyrinthus has been expanded from "Complex of intersecting valleys" to "Complex of intersecting valleys or ridges."
See the Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature for more information.


text:
1) In modern usage the PECL terminators would be tiny resistor networks.
1a) If the PECL signals are fairly static slow data these may not have to be terminated on a short on-board run. But that leads to the question, why did you convert them to PECL in the first place if they are slow unclocked data?
1b) If the PECL signals are clocks or latch enables etc. you probably want to terminate them.
1c) By Thevenin's Theorem most usual way to terminate PECL will end up being like figure 4 in _URL_
2) One terminator at far end. But it is unusual (see my note below 4) to fan out PECL. If necessary to split a signal multiple ways there are fanout buffers e.g. SY100EP11U, but this would be an unusual use of PECL.
3) Wrong. But note by Thevenin's theorem, a 50 ohm resistor to Vcc-2V, can be replaced by two resistors one to ground and one to Vcc. See 1c above.
Overall note: Today you are most likely to see PECL or LVDS used on board-to-board or assembly-to-assembly interconnect cables. It'll be translated to whatever's used on the board right at the terminator.


text:
Nube De Oro - Leaf Writing Sys Test
In order to allow the agave to express his relation to light, and time, the piccolo (piccolo.cc) is used for agave leaf "writing". The simple 'drawing' is based on the data from a hibiscus glass solar cell acting as a light sensor that is transformed via arduino. The power system consists of sixty six natural dye sensitized glass solar cells -shaped after the seeds of teosinte (the mother of maize)- and two supercapacitors.
As soon as the growing agave stalk starts flowering, the agave will start writing on its leaves, as long as the cells provide sufficient power.


text:
The Output window can display status messages for various features in the integrated development environment (IDE). To open the Output window, on the View menu, click Output (or press CTRL + ALT + O).
The Output window is not found on the View menu in Visual Studio Express editions. You can use the hotkey CTRL + ALT + O to bring it up.
To display the Output window whenever you build a project, in the General, Projects and Solutions, Options Dialog Box, select Show Output window when build starts. Then, with a code file open for editing, click the Go to Next Message and Go To Previous Message buttons on the Output window toolbar to select entries in the Output pane. As you do this, the insertion point in the code editor jumps to the line of code where the selected problem occurs.
Certain IDE features and commands invoked in the Command Window deliver their output to the Output window. Output from external tools such as.bat and.com files, which is typically displayed in the Command Prompt window, is routed to an Output pane when you select the Use Output Window option in the External Tools dialog box. Many other kinds of messages can be displayed in Output panes as well. For example, when Transact-SQL syntax in a stored procedure is checked against a target database, the results are displayed in the Output window.
You can also program your own applications to write diagnostic messages at run time to an Output pane. To do this, use members of the Debug class or Trace class in the System.Diagnostics namespace of the.NET Framework Class Library. Members of the Debug class display output when you build Debug configurations of your solution or project; members of the Trace class display output when you build either Debug or Release configurations. For more information, see Diagnostic Messages in the Output Window.
In Visual C++, you can create custom build steps and build events whose warnings and errors are displayed and counted in the Output pane. By pressing F1 on a line of output, you can display an appropriate help topic. For more information, see Formatting the Output of a Custom Build Step or Build Event.


Bursting is the process of separating large reports or documents into smaller, more manageable sections. With its advanced rule-based processing, it easily divides reports and documents into their component sections, preparing only the desired page(s) for the intended recipients.
A section may be delivered to a single recipient, several unrelated recipients, or a group of recipients. Additionally, various sections may be recombined or bundled together and delivered to the appropriate recipients in a single document.
Ascend's ECM allows each section to have its own retention period and storage directory for short-term or long-term archival.


Extended Common Events
This script replaces the way common events are created and managed. Instead of using the database to set up common events, you create a special "common event map" and all events on that map will be loaded as common events.
The advantage of using these extended common events include having multiple pages for a single common event and setting up complex common events using conditions.
These extended common events will replace the database common events, but you can still use the database common events to set the names so that you can reference them throughout your project.
Script: download here
In the script editor, place this script below Materials and above Main.
You should place this above other custom scripts.
Create a map for your common events, and then in the configuration set up
the filename of this common event map. Note that you don't have to use an
actual map in your current project: you can choose any name you want as long
as it is a map file. This means you can create the common event map in a
separate project.
By default, each event created on the map will be loaded as a common event
based on its ID. So for example, if the event's ID is 12, then it will replace
common event 12 in the database.
You can choose which common event an event will replace manually by writing
the following as its name:
Where x is the common event ID. This allows you to replace specific common
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5 Responses
 1. Mahnermahner says:
 Is this not compatible with the scene interpreter? 🙁
 2. KanaX says:
 A compatibility patch with your scene interpreter script, perhaps?
 3. orathan says:
 Items can call common events. Is it also possible to use map-made common events the same manner as a regular common event?
 For an easier explanation: When I use an item 1 that calls common event 1, can I also set item 2 to call a map-made common event? If possible, how will it be set up?
 - Hime says:
 The same way you would set up any other common event. Basically, you can imagine that whichever common event you have in your database is being replaced by the event's data.
 1. February 13, 2015
 […] Extended Common Events […]
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text:
Effects of microstructure on crack tip fields and fracture toughness in PC/ABS polymer blends
Numerical simulations are performed in order to gain a better understanding of the effects of various microstructural features and toughening mechanisms in amorphous PC/ABS polymer blends. Crack tip loading under global small-scale yielding conditions is considered with the blend microstructure explicitly resolved in the near-tip process zone. Constitutive models are employed which account for large visco-plastic deformations, the characteristic softeningrehardening behavior of glassy polymers, as well as the effect of plastic dilatancy in the ABS phase due to rubber particle cavitation. The influence of blend composition and morphology on the local stress distribution and the development of the plastic zone at a stationary crack tip are analyzed. Furthermore, crack propagation and the evolution of fracture toughness are studied using different cohesive surface models for failure in the different phases of the blend microstructure.


You are here: » Payroll Administration
Payroll Administration
Payroll administration refers to the activities of payroll administrators to help employers better manage the payroll services for the company. The payroll administration process include keeping track and organizing company's employees payroll matters such as their total number of working hours, pay rates, bonuses or commissions that have been earned by employees. Payroll administrators often have to work with strict payment deadlines and comply with the Employment Act in Singapore. Following the salary and hour standards, the experienced administrators will need to ensure employees can get paid on time with right amount of money. Otherwise, the performance of the employees are likely to be affected that can result in low productivity for the business as inaccurate paychecks can cause them great inconvenience especially for foreign workers who need to provide for themselves financially in terms of the living expenses, rental fees and remittance of their wages to their families on a regular basis. Therefore, the roles of payroll administrators are very important as negligence due to carelessness or lack in knowledge not only can affect the productivity of employees but also implicate legal issues and disrupting business operations.
Payroll Administration Services Singapore - Time IS Money
Changes To Employment Act For Payroll matters
For instance, employers and payroll administrators need to understand and be mindful of any changes to Employment Act such as the new requirement from government to issue more detailed reports that includes itemised pay slips and key employment terms to their employees. This new directive which takes effect from 1 April 2016 is to let employees to have a better understanding of how their salary is calculated, their employment rights, terms and benefits. This can also help employers prevent and minimize any misunderstandings or disputes with their staff at the workplace.
Examples Of Itemised Items
1. Full name of employer
2. Full name of employee
3. Date of payment
4. Basic Salary (Rate of pay)
5. Start and end date of salary period
6. Allowances paid for salary period eg fixed allowances such as transport or ad-hoc allowances
7. Any other additional payment for each salary period eg Bonus, rest day pay, public, holiday pay
8. Deductions made for each salary period: All fixed deductions (employer's CPF contribution), all ad-hoc deductions (no-pay leave, absence from work)
9. Overtime hours worked
10. Overtime pay
11. Start and end date of overtime payment period
12. Net salary paid in total
Note: Please refer to Singapore Employment Act for detailed information. Failure to issue itemised pay slips, maintain detailed employment records or providing inaccurate information to the Commissioner for Labour can lead to serious civil breaches and administrative penalties.
Payroll Administrative Penalties Civil Breaches Singapore
Therefore, as payroll is an important and essential part of business operations, many businesses are recognizing the benefits and values of outsourcing payroll to an external payroll processing agency to avoid inaccuracies that can lead to serious consequences other than payroll errors. With access to effective payroll administration knowledge and advanced technology, payroll specialists from external payroll processing firms can help business owners save more money and better productivity by ensuring all tasks are completed on time with high accuracy.
Payroll Administrative Services For SME
It is understandable and common for new startups especially SME or small businesses, that the business owners would usually be the one handling all the payroll administrative work due to not having many employees initially. However, business owners will realise the importance of payroll administration when they start to hire more and more workers as the business grows. SME owners can wait until this blooming time to start having their human resource department look deeper into their payroll administration and management matters on setting up a proper payroll management system if cost is a concern initially. But having a outsourced payroll services will be more effective, efficient to business operation in the long run as besides the needs to maintain accuracy in pay and leave administration, other challenges include preparation of payroll taxes in facilitating Singapore employees report their personal income tax which can become overwhelming and lead to unforeseen miscalculation.
Payroll Administrator Roles & Responsibilities
In general, the roles and responsibilities of payroll administrators include the following activities:
 - verifying the total number of hours that employees have worked
 - verifying any additional allowances or bonus for current salary period such as overtime or pay increases
 - calculating and issuing salary according to company's practice which is usually by cheque, cash or electronic transfer
 - processing all fixed or ad-hoc deductions for each salary period such as no-pay leave, employee's cpf contribution
 - processing all holiday, sick and maternity claims and expenses
 - handling any queries regards to payslips
 - generating reports and tax submission
 - providing payroll support to new staff
 - processing necessary paperwork for leaving staff
 - other general administrative work
For more information regarding payroll services singapore, please contact our consultants with your requirements at the form below.
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text:
Comparing Maximum Likelihood and Generalized Method of Moments in Short Term Interest Rate Models
Not peer reviewed
MetadataShow full item record
In this thesis we will look at some different continuous models for predicting the short term interest rate, and focus on the method of parameter estimation in such models. A particular focus will be placed on the method of Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE), which has not been the most common method of estimation in this context. Furthermore, we will compare MLE to the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), and both methods will be used in simulation experiments and on different sets of real data. Our starting point for investigation will be the model used in Chan et al.(1992), a model in which several of the most popular short rate models can be nested. We will use a discrete-valued approximation of this model to facilitate the estimation of parameters. In conclusion, this thesis argues that the MLE method of parameter estimation in short term interest rate models deserves more attention than it is currently given. In simulation experiments, the MLE method produced more accurate and precise estimates than the GMM method. Specifically, the bias in estimating the mean-reversion parameter is smaller using the MLE method. These results are particularly interesting as the GMM method is currently the common approach to parameter estimation in short term interest rate models. However, as will be shown in this thesis, it may very well be that the MLE method constitutes a better approach than GMM for such estimations. The results in this thesis may therefore contribute to the theoretical perspective as well as the real-world applications of methods of parameter estimation in predicting the short term interest rate.
PublisherThe University of Bergen
Copyright the Author. All rights reserved


text:
The goal for the Senior Firewall Engineer is to ensure the integrity of high availability security infrastructure in order to provide maximum performance and stability for critical applications and services.
The Sr. Firewall Engineer is additionally responsible for providing guidance and mentorship to other Firewall and Networking members.
As the Senior Firewall Engineer your responsibilities will include:
- Supporting the firewalls and security devices within the data system
- Install, support and maintain firewall and other security hardware and software infrastructure according to industry best practices, including firewalls, intrusion detection and prevention devices, and VPN concentrators
- Diagnose advanced problems and solve issues, often under time constraints
- Subject matter expert for the firewall team and consult with other business units when necessary.
- Monitors network performance and implements performance tuning when necessary.
- Create and update documentation utilizing organizational standards to ensure retention and collaboration of knowledge
- Updates job knowledge by participating in educational opportunities; reading professional publications; maintaining personal networks; participating in professional organizations.
- Manage firewall/security systems by establishing and enforcing policies; defining and monitoring access.
- Reporting firewall operational status by gathering, prioritizing information; managing projects.
- Work closely with colleagues to meet team goals and improve processes and practices
This is a W2 only role.
Send updated resume to _EMAIL_.
A little about us:
Founded in 1948, Robert Half (NYSE: RHI) is the world's first and largest specialized staffing services firm.


This short tutorial will show you how to use a quick WHERE statement to filter your records so it only shows whilst the date column in the table is either greater or equal to the current day. Create your Recordset as normal.
For the WHERE statement, use the below text, to show your records whilst the date column is greater or equal then the current day.
Change table to your table name and column to the column which contains your records date.
Using Access
WHERE (((table.column)>=Date()))
Using SQL server 2000
WHERE (((table.Column)>=getdate()))
If you are using Dreamweaver MX, you will need to change the Recordset to the Advanced view, and alter the WHERE statement to the text above


A Hidden Gem in BibleWorks
Luke 18:1-4
Luke 18:1-4 (click to enlarge)
A hidden gem in BibleWorks is the "MacDonald Greek Transcription."
BibleWorks comes with sentence diagrams for the Greek New Testament. They are also useful and look like this:
Luke 18:1-2 (click to enlarge)
Luke 18:1-2 (click to enlarge)
The MacDonald transcriptions above, however, replicate something I haven't seen in any other Bible software (EDIT/UPDATE: Logos has a "clausal outlines" module, minus the color coding), which is the sentence flow method of representing and visualizing a sentence. He uses color coding and spacing to line up parallel ideas and repeated words, making them easier to see than in just the text or even the diagrams.
It's a great way to get at the motifs and important words of a given passage. And I'd forgotten about it until recently, but am now using it most weeks in sermon preparation.
The full title of the resource above is Syntactic and Thematic Greek Transcription of the New Testament, by William Graham MacDonald, 2008. BibleWorks is available here. Its full contents list is here.
5 thoughts on "A Hidden Gem in BibleWorks
 1. In Logos, look for Dean Deppe's "Clausal Outlines of the Greek New Testament". There are NA27 and an SBLGNT editions. They don't use color, but they do structure the text, line up related components, etc. Note that Logos' sentence diagrammer can also be used to structure the text in this way instead of a traditional stick diagram.
 1. Thanks, Rick! I was looking through the Logos pages and forums to see if there was anything, and noticed that you can make your own, but didn't know about Deppe. I just see it as part of the (erstwhile top-secret?) Biblical Languages package in L5. Is it coming available separately any time soon? I find that method a great way to engage the biblical text.
What do you think?
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What causes the pink stain on bathroom fixtures?
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1 Answer
The reddish-pink stain or residue that is frequently found around bathroom sinks, shower stalls, and pets' water bowls, is not by the water supply but by naturally occurring airborne bacteria that produce a reddish pigment. There are numerous bacteria in the environment that find their way onto bathroom and kitchen fixtures. Most do not cause disease. These bacteria are found in soil, food, and on animals, and they may become airborne because of construction or wind. It is not uncommon to find the pinkish film appearing after new construction or remodeling activities.
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text:
To select all buildings that fall into a selected circular buffer with a 2000 radius you need this command:
SELECT * FROM Buildings WHERE ST_DWithin(geom, (SELECT ST_GeomFromText('POINT(0 0)', 26918)), 2000);
See this, for more examples.
I've gave you already the right answer!
To prove you I'll show the tests I've done before answering to you, on my test data (my SRID is 31700):
If you want to see the selected points in QGIS then you need to follow the images bellow:
So, I think that your center point coordinates are not [0, 0] and if you'll follow carefully my demonstration you'll obtain the proper results!
My tests showed me that it is possible a user to keep its data in a PostGIS table with the 4326 SRID, and to obtain a proper result, like above, using its own SRID (e.g. 26918).
In this case one my use this command:
SELECT * FROM Buildings WHERE ST_DWithin(ST_Transform(geom, 26918), (SELECT ST_GeomFromText('POINT(0 0)', 26918)), 2000);
Yet, in this case, I've noticed that the selected points are still in the 4326 SRID. Therefore, if you create a table based on this query, eventually, you need to update the table SRID to your own.
Here's what I've done (using my test data) prior to see the selected point in QGIS:
But, the newly created table has the 4326 SRID:
Therefore, we need to change it to our own:
(I've verified my solution, considering the buildings are points, polygons and multipolygons, and didn't noticed any other problems than those already presented here.)


text:
UCL has today issued a public apology for its links to the eugenics movement.
The apology acknowledges the university's "fundamental role in the development, propagation and legitimisation of eugenics" – which it describes as a "dangerous ideology" – and is part of a range of actions addressing the university's links to eugenics.
These actions follow an independent inquiry into eugenics at UCL, which was commissioned in 2018 after an honorary senior lecturer was found to have been hosting secret, invite-only conferences on eugenics and intelligence with controversial speakers.
UCL's president and provost Professor Michael Arthur (pictured) said: "UCL considers its history of involvement in eugenics to be in direct contradiction to its founding values of equality, openness and humanity.
"As a community, we reject eugenics entirely and are taking a range of actions to acknowledge and address our historical links with the eugenics movement.
"These actions – including our public apology today – are important steps towards understanding and acknowledging inequality within our institution and acting to ensure that UCL becomes fully inclusive for all our staff and students."
We apologise for being slow to interrogate properly the history and legacy of eugenics at UCL, and for failing to act with sufficient speed to remedy the ongoing effects on those in our community who are the targets of the eugenic mentality – UCL
The inquiry published its report and recommendations in February 2020. Recommendations also came from a sub-group of the inquiry team. UCL is responding to both sets with initiatives it says will "acknowledge and address its historical links with the eugenics movement". In June 2020, the provider 'denamed' spaces on its campus that had been named after prominent eugenicists Francis Galton, who coined the term 'eugenics', and Karl Pearson.
Actions that UCL will now take forward include:
- Investment in a comprehensive review and action plan to improve access and experience of disabled students and staff, including addressing physical and digital accessibility issues, collecting more robust data on disability at UCL, improving institutional understanding of the spectrum of disability, and tackling discrimination and unconscious bias
- Improving access for students from disadvantaged socioeconomic backgrounds through work to expand UCL's contextual offer scheme
- Greater prominence for the history and legacy of eugenics in UCL's teaching and learning activities
- Expanded opportunities for students to engage with the subject of eugenics, through activities including a specific module in the induction programme for new students, improved access to archives and special collections, and an ongoing programme of exhibitions and engagement, supported by a digital hub
UCL's eugenics apology in full
The apology, made by Professor Michael Arthur on behalf of UCL, reads:
"UCL acknowledges with deep regret that it played a fundamental role in the development, propagation and legitimisation of eugenics. This dangerous ideology cemented the spurious idea that varieties of human life could be assigned different value. It provided justification for some of the most appalling crimes in human history: genocide, forced euthanasia, colonialism and other forms of mass murder and oppression based on racial and ableist hierarchy.
"The legacies and consequences of eugenics still cause direct harm through the racism, antisemitism, ableism and other harmful stereotyping that they feed. These continue to impact on people's lives directly, driving discrimination and denying opportunity, access and representation.
"UCL considers its history of involvement in eugenics to be in direct contradiction to its founding values of equality, openness and humanity. As a community, we reject eugenics entirely.
"We apologise fully, and with humility, to all those who have suffered and to those who are still suffering because of our role in creating the conditions that enabled eugenics to become established and acted upon.
"We apologise for being slow to interrogate properly the history and legacy of eugenics at UCL, and for failing to act with sufficient speed to remedy the ongoing effects on those in our community who are the targets of the eugenic mentality.
"We apologise for honouring individuals who were leading eugenicists through the naming of spaces on campus.
"We recognise that the legacy of eugenics is ongoing and we commit to closing down any opportunity for this legacy to continue unacknowledged and unchallenged. We operate in a climate of academic freedom, but we recognise that the right to freedom of expression is not unfettered.
"UCL pledges to continue to confront its history of eugenics and ongoing legacies openly and critically, and to ensure that UCL staff and students are enabled to do the same."
You might also like: UCL pushes back return to campus until mid-February


text:
Just Ask is an after-school support project located in the heart of Dublin's North West Inner City which transforms the lives of children and young people aged 6-18 years living in extremely challenging circumstances through educational support. It provides weekly activities for up to 120 children, teens and their families.
After School Club Monday to Thursday
(Primary & Secondary age children)
Just A.S.K. activities include:
- Provides nutritious meals for children after school
- Promotes learning of core skills such as literacy and numeracy through homework assistance, particularly for those struggling with the education system
- Provides fun activities where they can exercise, be creative and build relationships
- Rewards young people with outings, Summer camps and weekend retreats throughout the year
- The 12 step programme seeking to challenge teens to think ahead and prepare for their future.
- Provides them with an opportunity to participate in group work that inspires them socially and physically
- Provides vital educational support for students as they make the transition from primary and progress through secondary school
- Reduces antisocial behavior young people engage in by providing appropriate and meaningful alternatives
- Organises regular trips out of the area (e.g. to Howth), residential camps and projects during school holidays
- Leads to more young people in the area completing school
- Provides young people from an area of high unemployment, social problems and negative stereotypes with a structure and positive path, which in turn instills confidence, a pride in their community and increased opportunities to achieve success in their lives.
Just A.S.K. also run school based work that helps young people adjust to the change from primary to secondary education.
As part of our extensive summer programs Just A.S.K. runs 3 residential summer camps for Children 7-12, Teens and a Family camp.


text:
not a power of 6.
n_start => $n option can select a different initial N. The tree structure is unchanged, just the numbering shifted. As noted above the default Nstart=0 corresponds to powers in a generating function.
n_start=>1 makes the numbering correspond to digits of N written in base-k. For example k=10 corresponds to N written in decimal,
N=1 to 9 1/2...... 2/1 N=10 to 99 1/4 4/7...... 7/4 4/1 N=100 to 999 1/6 6/11...... 11/6 6/1
n_start=>1 makes the tree
N written in base-k digits depth = numdigits(N)-1 NdepthStart = k^depth = 100..000 base-k, high 1 in high digit position of N N-NdepthStart = position across whole row of all top trees
And the high digit of N selects which top-level tree the given N is under, so
N written in base-k digits top tree = high digit of N (1 to k, selecting the k-1 many top nodes) Nrem = digits of N after the highest = position across row within the high-digit tree depth = numdigits(Nrem) # top node depth=0 = numdigits(N)-1
Chan shows that each denominator Y becomes the numerator X in the next point. The last Y of a row becomes the first X of the next row. This is a generalization of Stern's diatomic sequence and of the Calkin-Wilf tree of rationals. (See Math::NumSeq::SternDiatomic and "Calkin-Wilf Tree" in Math::PlanePath::RationalsTree.)
The case k=2 is precisely the Calkin-Wilf tree. There's just one top node 1/1, being the even k "middle" form h/h with h=k/2=1 as described above. Then there's two children of each node (the "middle" pair of the even k case),
k=2, Calkin-Wilf tree X/Y / \ (1X+0Y)/(1X+1Y) (1X+1Y)/(0X+1Y) = X/(X+Y) = (X+Y)/Y
See "FUNCTIONS" in Math::PlanePath for behaviour common to all path classes.
$path = Math::PlanePath::ChanTree->new ()
$path = Math::PlanePath::ChanTree->new (k => $k, n_start => $n)
Create and return a new path object. The defaults are k=3 and n_start=0.
$n = $path->n_start()
Return the first N in the path. This is 0 by default, otherwise the
$n = $path->xy_to_n ($x,$y)
Return the point number for coordinates
$x,$y. If there's nothing at
Each point has k children, so the path is a complete k-ary tree.
_USER_ = $path->tree_n_children($n)
Return the children of
$n, or an empty list if
$n < n_start(), ie. before the start of the path.
$num = $path->tree_n_num_children($n)
Return k, since every node has k children. Or return
$n < n_start(), ie. before the start of the path.
$n_parent = $path->tree_n_parent($n)
Return the parent node of
$nhas no parent either because it's a top node or before
$n_root = $path->tree_n_root ($n)
Return the N which is root node of
$depth = $path->tree_n_to_depth($n)
Return the depth of node
undefif there's no point
$n. The tree tops are depth=0, then their children depth=1, etc.
$n = $path->tree_depth_to_n($depth)
$n = $path->tree_depth_to_n_end($depth)
Return the first or last N at tree level
$depthin the path. The top of the tree is depth=0.
$num = $path->tree_num_roots ()
Return the number of root nodes in
$path, which is k-1. For example the default k=3 return 2 as there are two root nodes.
_USER_ = $path->tree_root_n_list ()
Return a list of the N values which are the root nodes of
$path. This is
n_start()+k-2inclusive, being the first k-1 many points. For example in the default k=2 and Nstart=0 the return is two values
$num = $path->tree_num_children_minimum()
$num = $path->tree_num_children_maximum()
Return k since every node has k many children, making that both the minimum and maximum.
$bool = $path->tree_any_leaf()
Return false, since there are no leaf nodes in the tree.
For the default k=3 the children are
3N+2, 3N+3, 3N+4 n_start=0
n_start=>1 then instead
3N, 3N+1, 3N+2 n_start=1
n_start=1 the children are found by appending an extra ternary digit, or base-k digit for arbitrary k.
k*N, k*N+1,..., k*N+(k-1) n_start=1
In general for k and Nstart the children are
kN - (k-1)*(Nstart-1) + 0... kN - (k-1)*(Nstart-1) + k-1
The parent node reverses the children calculation above. The simplest case is
n_start=1 where it's a division to remove the lowest base-k digit
parent = floor(N/k) when n_start=1
n_start adjust before and after to an
parent = floor((N-(Nstart-1)) / k) + Nstart-1
For example in the default k=0 Nstart=1 the parent of N=3 is floor((3-(1-1))/3)=1.
The post-adjustment can be worked into the formula with (k-1)*(Nstart-1) similar to the children above,
parent = floor((N + (k-1)*(Nstart-1)) / k)
But the first style is more convenient to compare to see that N is past the top nodes and therefore has a parent.
N-(Nstart-1) >= k to check N is past top-nodes
As described under "N Start" above, if Nstart=1 then the tree root is simply the most significant base-k digit of N. For other Nstart an adjustment is made to N=1 style and back again.
adjust = Nstart-1 Nroot(N) = high_base_k_digit(N-adjust) + adjust
The structure of the tree means
depth = floor(logk(N+1)) for n_start=0
For example if k=3 then all of N=8 through N=25 inclusive have depth=floor(log3(N+1))=2. With an
n_start it becomes
depth = floor(logk(N-(Nstart-1)))
n_start=1 is the simplest case, being the length of N written in base-k digits.
depth = floor(logk(N)) for n_start=1
This tree is in Sloane's Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences as
k=3, n_start=0 (the defaults) A191379 X coordinate, and Y=X(N+n)
As noted above k=2 is the Calkin-Wilf tree. See "OEIS" in Math::PlanePath::RationalsTree for "CW" related sequences.
Copyright 2012, 2013, 2014 Kevin Ryde
This file is part of Math-PlanePath.
Math-PlanePath is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) any later version.
Math-PlanePath is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Math-PlanePath. If not, see .


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I have send an Encrypted email to Lotus notes in-box, If I access that email from my local Its giving true, If the same email is running different system Its giving false. Is it setting issue? My code look like logger.debug("This Email is encrypted? "+document.isEncrypted()); my Local logger is printing "This Email is encrypted? true" If i run the same email form some other system its printing "This Email is encrypted? false" This is the document properties. Field Name: Encrypt. Data Type: Text Data Length: 1 bytes Seq Num: 1 Dup Item ID: 0 Field Flags: SUMMARY
I don't know My code is behaving differently in different places.
Thanks for the help.
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1 Answer 1
up vote 3 down vote accepted
The isEncrypted() property is not related to the Encrypt field. That field is just a UI switch. The isEncrypted() property is based on the $Seal item, or on SMIME content if the message is in MIME format.
There are two questions that are probably related to what you are seeing:
 - Are you using two different Notes ID files to read the message?
 - Are you using the same version of Lotus Notes on both systems?
If you open an encrypted message in the Notes API, and your current Notes ID file contains the correct private key to decrypt the message, then the message is automatically decrypted. This happens in a layer down below the LotusScrpt and Java APIs, so these APIs see that the document is not encrypted and return false. But apparently IBM changed this in version 8.5.2. Here's a link that reports that in 8.5.2 the isEncrypted() will return true. It seems that IBM has fixed the code so that it now knows the right answer even though the automatic decryption was already done.
And of course, if you open an encrypted message in the Notes API using a Notes ID file that doesn't contain the correct private key to decrypt the message, IsEncrypted() will always return true.
share|improve this answer
Thanks for replying Richard. I am using same notes id for reading the message. Yes there is two different versions. I am using lotus 8.5 and my testing system has lotus 8.0 on that. Is it version issue? – Sarma Oct 1 '12 at 16:55
This post on the IBM DeveloperWorks forum indicates that it is not a version problem until 8.5.2: www-10.lotus.com/ldd/nd85forum.nsf/… – Richard Schwartz Oct 1 '12 at 19:22
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When It Happens Panel Get involved: send your photos, videos, news & views by texting 'OXFORD NEWS' to 80360 or email
Museum amusement: children have fun learning
2:00pm Saturday 26th January 2013 in News
Children found a rather unusual way of telling the time at a workshop. The Museum of the History of Science, in Broad Street, Oxford, held a day of Chinese Dragon Fireclock building. The clocks, invented more than 1,000 years ago, tell the time by burning specially calibrated incense sticks.
Alice Kelly and her five-year-old son Luis Garnaut, pictured, coloured parts of the clock.
She said: "I had a lovely time at the workshop, we had lots of fun."
Meanwhile, animal magic helped excite young minds for an event at Oxford's Ashmolean Museum when education trainee Carly Smith-Huggins, pictured, ran a new workshop called Woof! Woof! last week for under-fives.
She used a canine glove puppet to show about 45 children around the museum. They then got to make their own puppet and to transform themselves into their furry four-legged friends with an art class.
She said: "The children had lots of fun trying out barking, howling and wagging their tails."


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Board of Governors' Award for Excellence in Teaching
The winner receives a citation and a one-time stipend of $12,500. One recipient is selected by each of the 16 constituent institutions of the UNC system. Letter of Recommendation required.Submit a Nomination
- Any tenured faculty member who has taught at UNC-Chapel Hill for at least seven years is eligible. This includes faculty members in Academic Affairs, Health Affairs, and professional schools.
- Nominees must be teaching undergraduates in the academic year in which they are selected.
- Recipients must have demonstrated excellent or exceptional undergraduate teaching over a sustained period of time, and nominations should document that record.
- Nominees must be teaching in the academic year in which they are nominated.
- Faculty members may receive this award only once. Check the list of previous winners to be sure.
The committee screens nominations and selects several finalists, who are asked to submit a portfolio for review. The portfolio includes, but is not limited to, the following:
- A current curriculum vitae
- A statement articulating the nominee's teaching philosophy and methods used to achieve educational goals. This statement may include contributions the nominee has made to the intellectual environment at UNC-Chapel Hill and any special or innovative methods they employ.
- Copies of syllabi and other relevant course materials from three courses the nominee has taught and samples of materials from other teaching and learning activities
- A summary of student ratings of courses and other educational experiences that have been evaluated in the previous two years
- Copies of any peer teaching observations
- Names of two or three colleagues and up to five former students of the nominee from whom the selection committee may request evaluations. Nominees are also asked to provide class rolls so current students may be contacted.
The committee may also collect additional data or materials about the nominees' teaching, including videotapes, classroom observation by committee members, and telephone interviews with alumni and current students. The committee will forward its recommendations to the Chancellor.


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An analytical solution is developed for flow in a manifold. The interest is primarily for trickle irrigation laterals, but the solution has broader applications including those for which pressure increases in the direction of flow and for intake manifolds. Both velocity head losses and variable discharge along the manifold are considered in the fundamental analysis. The appropriate second order, nonlinear equation is solved for two flow regimes, laminar and fully turbulent. Results indicate that for most trickle irrigation laterals the velocity head loss is negligible, but for an example from a chemical processing system the effect is important.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Water Science and Technology


text:
This article reviews the potential of Niklas Luhmann's autopoiesis as a contribution to organization theory. We consider organization theory to consist of three epistemological foundations, which we label equilibrium-based theory, process-based theory and recursivity-based theory. We review critically Luhmann's autopoietic theory in relation to each of these three foundations. We suggest that whereas it deviates radically from equilibrium-based theory and deviates significantly from process-based theory, it holds potential in its complementarity with Giddens's structuration theory in providing a promising basis for recursivity-based organization theory.
- Organization theory
- Systems theory


Rātā Moehau
Rare specimen forest tree. Reaches maximum of 30 metres. Smallish white flowers (the only white-flowered rata species) Oct-Nov. Distinctive whitish, spongy, flaking bark. Attractive dark green foliage with steeply curved crown. Endemic in the Far North. Prefers good sun, and well-drained soils. Hardy. Tolerates mild frost.
takana native trees takes the loss of our more rare native tree species seriously, and dedicates significant resources to increasing their presence and helping preserve New Zealand's natural heritage.


Pachón Navarro
Pippa Elliott
Dr Pippa Elliott (BVMS MRCVS, University of Glasgow)
Photo of adult Pachón Navarro
Have an image we can use? Message us here!
Do you know there is a breed of dog that has a double nose? The breed is called the Pachón Navarro: This hound has a nose that is fully divided down the centre so that it looks as if he has two noses. The double nose came about by selective breeding for dogs with a superior sense of smell. As it happened, having the appearance of two noses makes no difference when following a scent. But it's easy to see why previous owners in centuries gone by might think this.
Indeed, the Pachón Navarro is an old breed. They hale from a region close to the Pyrenees Mountains in Spain, called Navarre. A working dog that excels at tracking birds, he makes a friendly and active companion for the right person.
About & History
The Pachón Navarro is a venerable breed originating from Spain. They reached peak popularity amongst Spanish nobility in the 18th and 19th century. However, after the Spanish Civil War their numbers declined dramatically to the point of dying out altogether.
It took the work of dedicated Pachón Navarro enthusiasts to save the breed from extinction. They toured rural Spanish villages to find the last remaining dogs and then undertook controlled breeding to resurrect this distinctive dog's numbers.
The Pachón Navarro is sometimes also referred to as the Old Spanish Pointer. This is a little confusing because the breed is a close descendent of a breed with the same exact name (Old Spanish Pointer) but is not identical. Sadly, the original Old Spanish Pointer now no longer exists, but their legacy includes several other closely related breeds including the Majorcan Pointer, Galician Pointer, and the Burgos Pointer.
Intriguingly, the Pachón Navarro's ancestor, the Old Spanish Pointer, is thought to have shared blood with the ancient (and now extinct) Talbot Hound with roots dating back to the 12th century.
The Pachón Navarros is a medium to large sized dog, and every inch a pointer-type. He has a stout, workmanlike body; strong, heavy legs; a straight tail; and delightful drop ears. To look at him is to see echoes of other pointer type dogs, such as the German Shorthaired Pointer. However, he is slightly heavier boned and may have pronounced skin folds, especially around the jowls and chin.
The Pachón Navarros has a unique feature in the distinctive anatomy of his nose. Instead of having a discrete crease marking the centre of his nose, the Pachón Navarros' nose is completely divided into a distinct left and right. This gives the appearance of having two separate noses. In fact, this is an optical illusion, but it's an understandable mistake to make, that the Pachón Navarros might be blessed with a superior ability to track odours.
Nose aside, the Pachón Navarros usually has a short coat. However, occasional pups are born with a longer coat, which is soft and silky to the touch. Typically the coat colour is a white background with tan, liver, or orange patches or flecks. The latter is officially known as ticking, and refers to localised flecks of hair that are a different colour to the main white coat.
Character & Temperament
The Pachón Navarros is an active character that loves to track and hunt, especially birds. He is an active dog that thrives on plenty of outdoor exercise, preferably off-leash. This makes him a great companion for active owners, but a poor match for sedentary apartment life.
One of the great things about Pachón Navarros is how they love the company of people. They love it so much to the point that this breed will be miserable if kept in an outdoor kennel away from his owner. The Pachón Navarro also has a laudable reputation for being friendly and even tempered. He's prepared to live and let live, be that with people, children, or other dogs. But he does draw the line at birds. That instinct to hunt and retrieve birds is too deeply ingrained to make for an easy relationship with our feathered friends.
However, whilst the Pachón Navarro doesn't look for trouble, he's no push-over. When challenged, he will protect and defend, and this courage makes him a good watchdog. Lastly, one of the sweetest traits of the Pachón Navarro's character is for retrieving. From a young age, these pups love to pick up objects and carry them around. But beware if they don't get enough exercise and mental stimulation, because the love of having things in their mouth is easily diverted into chewing.
A sociable dog that likes human company, the Pachón Navarro can be a quick learner. Their natural intelligence and eagerness to please makes them ideal candidates for reward-based training methods. This doesn't mean an owner should accept anything less than exemplary behaviour though.
As a pack dog, the Pachón Navarro can be inclined to do their own thing rather than listen to their handler. This trait needs correction by getting the dog's attention focused on their owner. Clear rules and consistency are key to good behaviour in this breed.
Rescued from the brink of extinction, modern day Pachón Navarros are off-spring of a narrow gene pool. Sadly, this can mean they are at greater risk of certain inheritable diseases than other breeds. These include:
Cleft Palate
That distinctive double nose is a hereditary trait. However, the gene coding for a fissure in the dog's nose are closely related to those for a cleft palate. Puppies born with a cleft palate have difficulty nursing. Milk can pass from their mouth up into the nose and down into their lungs. These poor pups are likely to develop aspiration pneumonia, which is usually life-threating at such a young age.
Surgical correction of a cleft palate is technically possible, but anaesthesia in very young pups carries a high risk. Once successfully correct, that individual should not be used for breeding as their offspring are at high risk of having the same problem.
Epilepsy refers to a seizure condition where no underlying reason for the fits can be found. Symptoms can develop in young dogs and range in severity from mild to life-threatening.
Epilepsy can be controlled, but not cured. Fortunately, modern anti-convulsant drugs allow most dogs to lead normal lives, provided they continue to take their medications.
The Pachón Navarro is prone to having underactive thyroid glands. A lack of thyroid hormone leads to a sluggish metabolism. This is evident as a lack of energy and tendency to weight gain. This is another condition that can't be permanently 'cured' but is easy to control with a simple thyroid supplement taken daily for life.
Hip Dysplasia
Poor hip anatomy leads to inflammation of the hip joint. For mildly affected dogs, simple pain relief may be sufficient. However, those most severely afflicted live in constant pain and can have difficulty moving around. For these dogs, the best solution is total hip replacement surgery, which is expensive.
Allergic Skin Disease
The signs of atopy or allergic skin disease are severe itchiness. The dog may scratch and lick to the point of developing sores and infection. There are many different treatment options for controlling the itch, which range from inexpensive steroids through to state-of-the-art immunotherapy injections that cancel out the immune response to allergens.
Exercise and Activity Levels
Like the lettering in a stick of Blackpool rock, the Pachón Navarro has a hunting instinct that runs through their very core. They are an active dog for whom tracking a scent and being energetic are as basic to them as breathing. In short, it's essential to their health and well-being that the Pachón Navarro gets plenty of exercise. This means hours of strenuous activity each and every day. Ideally, this should also be off leash so that they get a chance to put their awesome ability to track to use and explore where that distinctive nose leads them.
On the flip side, the Pachón Navarro is ill-suited to the life of a couch potato or the confines of an apartment. They have an inbuilt energy budget for the day and if they don't get to spend it in constructive exercise, they will divest themselves in inappropriate ways, such as chewing or destructive behaviours.
The short coat of the Pachón Navarro is easy to care for. Weekly brushing helps to spread natural conditioning oils and keep the coat in good order. Take care not to bathe your Pachón Navarro too frequently though, for fear of stripping out those oils and causing dry skin.
Famous Pachón Navarros
For beautiful photos of this unusual breed visit this page on Pinterest.
As a breed that narrowly avoided becoming extinct, breeders have focussed their efforts on maintaining numbers of purebred dogs rather than diversifying into hybrids.
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| Easy Ways To Activate Netflix
First of all, let's talk about what is Netflix and How to activate Netflix via Netflix is a USA streaming app and in it, you get to see a lot of English movies which are released a few days later or they have their own series and there are many TV shows. You can take all of that in-jokes, so why is Netflix different from others and why is Netflix also its name, then the reason behind it Netflix has the best video quality and also on mobile, you can watch it in very good quality.
Once you create your Netflix account you can stream movies and TV shows to your Samsung TV or Blu ray player, you can instantly stream thousands of TV episodes and movies at the touch of a button to activate your account you will need a wired or wireless internet connection, a Samsung TV or Blu ray player with Samsung's Internet TV, and an active unlimited Netflix account. You can follow these steps also on Roku.
 1. Press the Internet TV button on your remote and then select the Netflix app, and press Enter.
 2. And window appears asking if you are a member of Netflix. If you select No, you will be offered a free trial and a unique activation code will be displayed. If you select Yes, a unique activation code is displayed.
 3. Once you have copied down the activation code, go to your computer and log on to
 4. If you are not signed in to your account, a screen will ask you to sign in before you can enter the activation code. Otherwise, if you're logged in the activation screen will appear and you can enter the code displayed on your TV.
 5. After you enter the code click on Activate activation will take approximately one minute, as the account is activated, you will see a message on your TV retrieving movies from the queue.
 6. Once the account is activated, a confirmation screen will display on your computer.
 7. Now from your TV, you can select a movie or program you will save to your queue and begin Watching. Please note, you must use your computer to add movies to your Netflix queue.


text:
Feature Selection in Data Mining
Yong Seong Kim (University of Iowa, USA), W. Nick Street (University of Iowa, USA) and Filippo Menczer (University of Iowa, USA)
Copyright: © 2003
Feature subset selection is an important problem in knowledge discovery, not only for the insight gained from determining relevant modeling variables, but also for the improved understandability, scalability, and, possibly, accuracy of the resulting models. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a comprehensive analysis of feature selection via evolutionary search in supervised and unsupervised learning. To achieve this purpose, we first discuss a general framework for feature selection based on a new search algorithm, Evolutionary Local Selection Algorithm (ELSA). The search is formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem to examine the trade-off between the complexity of the generated solutions against their quality. ELSA considers multiple objectives efficiently while avoiding computationally expensive global comparison. We combine ELSA with Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithms for feature selection in supervised and unsupervised learning respectively. Further, we provide a new two-level evolutionary algorithm, Meta-Evolutionary Ensembles (MEE), where feature selection is used to promote the diversity among classifiers in the same ensemble.


text:
Indian Blanket Flower
Victoria Frietze, AGRO/HORT 100G Spring 2002
What a beautiful flower the Gaillardia or Indian Blanket Flower is. This remarkable flower first originated in North America. It got its name Indian Blanket Flower from the resemblance of its red, gold and bronze shades to the traditional colors of Indian crafts in the southwestern U.S. The Blanket Flower is a plant that grows very bushy and it is most likely round. The daisy-like flower has a single, double, or semi-double form and it terminals on a long stem. Its leaves are oblanceolate, lobed, and hairy. The flower has a large center that is rose-purple in color. The petals are orange, crimson or copper scarlet with an out line of yellow.
This plant blooms from early summer to fall. It can grow to be about 8" to 12" and space apart about 15". In order to get the plant to grow, one must keep it in the sunlight, because it loves sunny areas and well-drained soil. However, one must be careful because soggy soil can cause root rot in the winter.
This ravishing flower can be cut after blooming is completed and can be displayed for about a week as long as it is kept in water. Due to the brilliant and bright colors of the flower, the Indian Blanket Flower makes a great decorative display.
RaeLynn Dunlap, AGRO/HORT 100G Spring 2002
These flowers are easy to spot with their bright colors consisting of shades of reds, oranges, and yellows. The colorful flowers are three-pronged at the tips of each petal, with a wide base. The pollen is a brown shade. Leaves are a light green and to a grayish green and are usually eight to ten inches. They are usually opposite.
These easy growing plants do best in low to moderate soil and have high organic matter content. Textures of these plants, on the petals they are smooth, and the leaves are somewhat rough. The smell is not that delightful. However, they do make a beautiful flower arrangement.
To promote more flowering you should remove the earliest faded flowers. This is a popular plant because of its long season of flowering. It makes a good attention to a garden.


Fluid Fingers
Fluid phenomena can show up in unexpected places. The collage above shows patterns formed when an aluminum block is lifted during wet sanding, a polishing technique. The dendritic fingers are formed from oil and the slurry of sanded particles being polished away. They are an example of the Saffman-Taylor instability, which forms when less viscous fluids (oil) protrude into a more viscous one (the slurry). Each image contains a different concentration of oil, resulting in very different fingering patterns. (Image credit: D. Lopez)
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The purpose of this study was to validate the three dimensional model of classifying coping behavior. The three are: Encounter-Avoidance, Problem-Emotion, Behavior-Cognition Dimension. A set of questionnaires on coping behavior and psychological stress responses were administered, and 1 604 undergraduates and 1 296 adults completed them. Analyses of covariance structure were performed, and results indicated that the three dimensional model, with eight coping style, showed the highest goodness-of-fit statistics. Multiple regression analyses also indicated that Problem-Emotion and Behavior-Cognition dimensions were useful for predicting the coping effects on psychological stress responses. Therefore, the two dimensional model of Problem-Emotion and Behavior-Cognition, with four coping style, would be helpful for further investigation of coping behavior that would buffer psychological stress responses.
ASJC Scopus subject areas


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Negotiating Physician Employment Contracts: Attitude Is Everything
Negotiating Physician Employment Contracts: Attitude Is Everything
Linked Articles
I had a very unpleasant phone call this morning with a lawyer representing a young resident taking his first job in Chicago. This lawyer was a litigator and cousin of the physician. He had no prior experience with a physician contract.
While I represent many physician practices, I also work with residents and fellows from across the country to review their employment agreements. As such, I have been on both sides of the employment contract equation numerous times.
Although I could offer valuable advice on the terms of an employment agreement, what is equally valuable (but not often discussed) is the appropriate conduct of physicians and medical practices (as well as their representatives) when negotiating employment contracts.
The following are some items to consider:
1. Find a lawyer familiar with physician contracts. It's worth the time and expense to get proper advice and a quality contract. Your real estate lawyer may not be the right person for the job, no matter how great his rates may be. Whether you are the employer or the employee, you need a representative who will ask the right questions and seek out the most protective language so as to avoid future misunderstanding and litigation.
2. Decide how you want the lawyer, consultant, or practice manager to handle negotiations and express your wishes. Negotiations go more easily and quickly when parties seek an efficient and fair resolution to issues. An overly aggressive or hostile lawyer, for example, who demands what they want at all costs, is not well suited to negotiations and is a poor representative of your interests. Contract negotiations should not be personal. Sometimes you get everything you want and sometimes you do not. In my opinion, a lawyer or consultant has done his or her job when they help their client to understand the contract terms, focus on the real issues, communicate the need (or denial) for the requested changes in a professional manner to the other side, and help the parties reach as amicable a conclusion as possible.
3. Sometimes it's easier to fight over deal points than it is to compromise. For example there are certain parts of a contract that are going to seem unfair to a physician joining a practice, but no matter what your hear, in most states restrictive covenants are enforceable when properly drafted, tail coverage is typically paid for by a terminated physician, and partnership is often not mentioned in the contract at all. Arguing over the legitimacy of these basic physician contract provisions distracts from the negotiating that can be done: What if the covenant applies only if the physician quits or is terminated with cause? What if the tail is paid by the practice if the associate stays for a certain length of time? What if the parties agree to discuss partnership by a certain date? Many significant issues can be compromised in some cordial manner.
4. Practices should pay attention to criticisms of their contract. Your agreement may have served you well for many years, but is it outdated? Inaccurate? A contract should be updated regularly to remain competitive and to minimize liability. Make sure your advisors share all comments from opposing counsel with you and consider them carefully before refusing changes. A fantastic surgeon you want to recruit for your group is not going to sign a contract her lawyer reports is poorly drafted and uncompetitive unless changes are made.
Remember that tough negotiations can leave a bad taste for all parties long after the contracts are signed. I have had groups retract an offer and physicians look for another position as a result of negotiation tactics, even when the personalities were otherwise a great fit. The manner in which a contract is handled can set the tone for the parties' entire relationship.
Physician practices are like marriages. You join a practice hoping to have a long-term connection and to spend a career working together. Like any marriage, however, it's important to enter into the relationship thoughtfully, with flexibility and some humility. Contract negotiations can tell you a lot about whether there's a divorce or a golden anniversary in your future.
For more from Ericka L. Adler and our other Practice Notes bloggers, click here.
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