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Graphite electrode is used as a conductive material in electric arc furnace smelting, and its consumption is proportional to the consumption of electric power. Electric Arc Furnaces are among the most important aggregates in steel production today. So, to understand a graphite electrode, first you must understand what an electric arc furnace is.
What Is An Electric Arc Furnace?
An electric arc furnace is an electric furnace that smelts ore and metal at a high temperature generated by an electrode arc. When the gas discharge forms an arc, the energy is concentrated, and the arc temperature is above 3000℃. For smelting metals, electric arc furnace has greater flexibility than other steelmaking furnaces, and can effectively remove impurities such as sulfur and phosphorus. The furnace temperature is easy to control, and the equipment has a small footprint, which is suitable for the melting of high-quality alloy steel.
Graphite Electrode Consumption Mechanism in Electric Furnace Steelmaking Process
Graphite electrode is used as a conductive material in electric arc furnace smelting, and its consumption is proportional to the consumption of electric power. Modern electric arc furnace steelmaking uses electric energy and chemical energy as thermal energy to achieve the purpose of four (P, C, O, S), two (gas, impurity), and second (temperature, composition) in the steel making process. The performance of the graphite electrode is mainly reflected in the user whether it is applicable and consumed, and the consumption of the electrode is directly related to its own quality. The consumption of graphite electrodes in electric arc furnace smelting mainly consists of the following parts.
1. Consumption of graphite electrode ends and outer circular surfaces in an electric furnace
The arc generated by the graphite electrode in the electric arc furnace is divided into long, medium and short arcs, and the melting charge and the temperature rise depend on the arc power. The arc length is proportional to the secondary voltage and inversely proportional to the secondary current and the rate of temperature rise. In order to improve the smelting speed and greatly shorten the smelting time, the high chemical energy operation of forced oxygen blowing is adopted, which puts higher requirements on the oxidation resistance and thermal shock resistance of the graphite electrode.
2. Residue consumption of graphite electrode produced during smelting
Residual consumption refers to the non-productive consumption part of the smelting process in which the lowermost electrode falls into the furnace and becomes the final waste. The generation of the residue is not only related to the intrinsic quality of the joint and the electrode, but also has a direct relationship with the magnetic card in the distribution of the cloth in the furnace, the atmosphere in the furnace and the operation of the power transmission.
3. The surface of the electrode is oxidized and peeled off with the consumption of opening and falling blocks.
In normal smelting production, if the surface of the graphite electrode is uneven or accompanied by flaking and falling off, there is a problem of carbonation in the molten steel.
4. Direct loss caused by fracture of graphite electrode during smelting
It is a common phenomenon that graphite electrodes are broken in all electric furnace smelting, and it is also the most important factor affecting consumption. It is normal for continuous consumption and occasional breaks in a complex environment, but continuous breaks are not normal. The reason is related to many factors. The overall view can be divided into: artificial break and mechanical break. The artificial break mainly includes: bumping and scratching during lifting, improper connection or improper method, improper sliding in the flat holder, poor hardness of hard collision or transmission control.


Updated date:
Distress Inks Vs Oxide Inks
What Are The Inks In Question?
Distress inks by Ranger have been so popular for many years. So many uses for distress inks have made them a essential tool in most crafters stash. I would have to say that is true for my craft space. I was so happy with my distress inks. Then Ranger comes out with a new ink called Oxide Inks. And the craft world has gone crazy.
The basic difference in these two inks starts in how they are made.
Distress inks are described as acid free, non toxic, fade resistant, water based dye ink.
Oxide inks on the other hand is described as water reactive, dye and pigment ink fusion that creates an oxide effect when spayed with water. It also has a different opacity.
So while, like distress inks, they will react with water, there is a distinct difference. You may know that often with distress inks, if you add water or try to layer the inks, the results often become muddy. Oxide inks, on the other hand are opaque like a pigment ink. So you can actually see the different layers very clearly.
Like with distress inks, you will also be able to watercolor, emboss, stencil, and blend them.
But with the oxide inks, because of their pigment property, you can get a really nice stamped image. It is a crisp image rather than a smeary image that you might get with distress inks.
One important thing to know! It is important not to mix your oxide inks with your distress inks! Use separate blending tools and pads. Mixing these will destroy your inks!
Distress Ink Water Coloring
You can get beautiful soft tones using distress inks to water color
You can get beautiful soft tones using distress inks to water color
Water Coloring With Distress And Oxide Inks
One of the best things that both distress and oxide inks have in common is their ability to be used with water. That property alone makes them worth the investment.
When you purchase any of your distress or oxide inks, it is always a smart idea to buy the reinker at the same time. That way you your ink pad will never run dry in the middle of a project. And if the color is discontinued, you will extend your use of that ink pad for some time.
Having that reinker on hand, means that you also have the ability to use it for another technique that you may have not thought of. That technique is water coloring with your reinkers.
Unless you use all the ink in one sitting, you will want to have a plastic paint palette with a lid. That way, if you walk away from your project, or want to save it, the ink in the palette will not run dry.
You only need a single drop for each color, so it is a very economical technique.
Water coloring with distress inks will give you a more traditional looking water color result. They will work better on lighter color papers.
On the other hand, darker colors of paper will react better to oxide ink water colors. The colors will be more muted than the distress inks.
 - Plastic lidded paint palette
 - Water color brushes with water wells
 - Distress ink or oxide ink reinkers
 - Water resistant inks like Stazon
 - Stamp sets
 - Watercolor paper
 - Heavy Cardstockover 110 lb
 - Some clean water in a jar or glass
 - Heat tool ( optional)
 1. Stamp your images with a water resistant ink and allow to dry. You can speed up the drying time with a craft drying tool. Do not get too close to the paper with the tool.
 2. Take a moment to clean your stamps
 3. Load the wells of your watercolor brushes with clean water. Press on the barrel of the brush to make sure that it is working.
 4. Place a single drop of the reinker into the well of your clean dry plastic palette.
 5. Dip the brush into the ink.
 6. Test your color on a piece of scrap paper before applying it to your project.
 7. Paint as you normally wood adding ink or a squeeze of water where you need to.
 8. When finished allow to air dry or use a heat tool to dry the project.
 - If you are going to leave the ink in the palette, you may want to mark what colors are in the wells on some paper taped to the lid.
Water Coloring With Oxide Inks
Oxide inks provide beautiful tones when water coloring
Oxide inks provide beautiful tones when water coloring
Distress Ink Pads
Distress ink pads come in two sizes-1"by1" and 3" by 3" both are in black cases
Distress Inks
When Ranger first manufactured distress ink, it was and still is considered one of the most haled products in it's line.
One of the reason for the popularity of distress inks is that it creates an aged effect that never fades over time.
Another feature that made it so popular was that it could be blended with no virtual lines. With 61 colors available, you have an amazing range of color blends to chose from.
You have a choice of using the full sized pads or the minis. The minis are a 1" by 1" size. These have a terrific price point if you have little storage space and want to build your color option. They do also have the 3" by 3" if you are ready for the full size pad.
Dye ink is considered translucent. That means that you can see through the ink. While that may seem like a negative, in this case it makes the ink a dream for paper crafters. Because the ink is thin, you can apply different coats of different colors and still see the ink below it. This enables you to layer color.
Once the dye ink is applied to the surface it stays wet for a period of time. This makes the blending option a real option. because it is a dye ink. it will dry faster than the oxide inks/
The other property of this ink is it's reaction to water. When water is dropped on the ink, wet or dry, a new pattern emerges. That property could also be considered a downside. Once the project is dry, you do not want to get anything wet near it.
The other thing to consider is that color tones may vary. It works very well on any surface that tend to be lighter in color. But the color looks a lot less intense on darker backgrounds
Distress Ink Tip: Build up your color by using lighter colors and then build up to the darker shades
Shades Of Distress Inks
There are enough shades of distress inks to keep your color combinations fresh
Ways To Use Distress Inks
Because of the wonderful properties of distress inks there are a lot of ways to use them. These ideas will make you want to have the complete collection of ink pads.
Check out these ideas for your next project:
 1. Aging adds a grungy and distressed look to your paper. You can apply ink to the edges of any paper project with a sponge or blending tool. You can wrinkle a piece of paper by rolling it into a ball. Open the paper up and apply ink to the wrinkles.
 2. Stamping with distress ink creates a vintage look. While not a crisp look as other inks, distress inks can stamp well. You can stamp on any porous surface or paper
 3. Blending is perfect with distress inks Load ink onto your blending tool. Starting on the outside of your paper start blending in circular motions onto the paper. You can blend as many colors as you would like. There are endless combinations that can be created.
 4. Stenciling is another creative option with distress inks. Lay the paper on a craft mat, a piece of parchment or other covering to protect your work surface. Lay the paper on the mat cover with the stencil. Tape the stencil down with low tack tape. Using the same technique, apply the ink in circular motions. You can use just one color or many colors. When done remove the stencil and allow the project to dry.
 5. Reverse stenciling is another option. Instead of applying the ink through the stencil, you apply the ink on the stencil. Then you mist the stencil with water. Turn the stencil over and apply to the paper. Press on the stencil slightly. Yiou will get a custom water color effect creating a color negative pattern
 6. Water resist uses water to move the distress ink on the surface of the paper. Simply apply ink to the paper. Spritz water on the paper to create a pattern. Allow the paper to dry
 7. Emboss resist combines distress ink and embossing powder. Emboss your images on paper with white or off white embossing powder. Apply distress ink to the entire surface of the paper. Wipe the ink away with a paper towel or a baby wipe away from the embossed image. The paper will have color, but the embossed image will resist the distress ink.
 8. You can use distress ink like water color. Apply ink to a nonstick surface ( a craft mat or a piece of parchment paper laid over your work surface). Pick up the ink with a wet paint brush. Paint the image with the colors of your choice. You will want to use water color paper or a very heavy card stock for this technique. You will also want to use


Berry gilt strips tax avoidance arrangement fails on appeal to the Upper Tribunal
15 April 2011. Published by Adam Craggs, Partner
The Upper Tribunal (Lewison J) ('UT') has dismissed the taxpayer's appeal against the First-tier Tribunal's ('FTT') decision that he was not entitled to relief for losses suffered as a result of a gilt strip tax planning arrangement – Berry v HMRC [2011] UKUT 81.
The UT, applying the Ramsay principle, determined that the word "loss" in the context of the relevant discounted securities legislation (paragraph 14A, Schedule 13, Finance Act 1996 now sections 427 to 460, Income Tax (Trading and Other Income) Act 2005) meant a real loss, that is, a loss that arose from real commercial outcomes. In reaching his conclusion, Lewison J noted that there is a general expectation that when Parliament uses a word like "loss" it means a commercial loss but that that expectation can be displaced by the express terms of the statute (for example, by an algebraic or artificial approach to quantifying the loss). The UT also determined that the FTT had made no error in law in treating all the steps in the transaction as a single transaction and in disregarding the "anti-Ramsay" device. The FTT's view of the facts was, in the UT's view, a realistic one.


Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum in Berlin, Germany - get details, & find more attractions to visit nearby
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Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum
Königin-Luise-Straße 6-8, 14195 Berlin, Germany
Music Festivals
Botanical Gardens
About Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum
The complex consists of several buildings and glass-houses which features a collection of orchids, carnivorous plants and giant white water lily. The best-known part of the garden is the Great Pavilion (Großes Tropenhaus). The temperature inside is maintained at 30 °C and air humidity is kept high. Among the many tropical plants it hosts a giant bamboo.
Attractions near Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum
Zoo Berlin6.34km from Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum
Oldest and best-known zoo in Germany. It covers 35 hectares (86.5 acres) and has about 1,380 different species and over 20,200 animals, presenting one of the most comprehensive collections of species in the world. It is the most-visited zoo in Europe and one of the most popular worldwide. Regular animal feedings are among its most famous attractions.
German Museum of Technology6.95km from Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum
Exhibits a large collection of historical technical artifacts. The museum's main emphasis originally was on rail transport, but today it also features exhibits of various sorts of industrial technology including maritime and aviation exhibition halls.
Neue Nationalgalerie Berlin7.2km from Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum
Neue Nationalgalerie is a museum of modern art, with a focus on art from early 20th century. The museum owns masterpeices from artists like Pablo Picasso, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Joan Miró, Wassily Kandinsky and Barnett Newman. Despite the large size of the museum, the exhibits are rotated at intervals as the collection of artworks at the museum is very large.
Gemäldegalerie7.32km from Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum
Museum where the main selection of paintings belonging to the Berlin State Museums is displayed. It holds one of the world's leading collections of European paintings from the 13th to the 18th centuries.
Victory Column7.34km from Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum
Designed after 1864 to commemorate the Prussian victory in the Danish-Prussian War. When it was inaugurated on 2 September 1873, Prussia had also defeated Austria and its German allies in the Austro-Prussian War (1866) and France in the Franco-Prussian War (1870–71), giving the statue a new purpose. These later victories inspired the addition of the bronze sculpture of Victoria, 8.3 metres (27 ft) high and weighing 35 tonnes.
Berlin Story Bunker7.4km from Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum
Housed inside a 6,500-square-metre WWII bunker, the museum recreates the history of Berlin and some of the most infamous events in German history. The exhibition showcases the sequence of events leading up to Hitler's suicide in 1945, and it has a reconstruction of Hitler's personal study.
Where is Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum
Discover more attractions in Berlin, where Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum is located
Berlin33 attractions
Capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population. Berlin is a world city of culture, politics, media and sciences, and its economy is based on high-tech firms and the service sector, encompassing a diverse range of creative industries, research facilities, media corporations and convention venues.


Definitions for hoboˈhoʊ boʊ
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word hobo
Princeton's WordNet
 1. tramp, hobo, bum(noun)
 a disreputable vagrant
 1. hobo(Noun)
 A homeless, usually penniless person, in some way associated with a life along the rails.
 2. hobo(Noun)
 A migratory laborer
 3. hobo(Noun)
 A tramp, vagabond; hence bum
 4. hobo(Verb)
 To be a hobo, tramp, bum etc.
 Joe idly hoboed through half the country till he realized hoboing never gets you anywhere in life.
 5. Origin: a contraction of or English dialect hawbuck.
 1. Hobo
 A hobo is a migratory worker or homeless vagabond, especially one who is penniless. The term originated in the Western—probably Northwestern—United States during the last decade of the 19th century. Unlike "tramps", who work only when they are forced to, and "bums", who do not work at all, "hobos" are workers who wander.
Anagrams for hobo »
 1. boho, Boho
 2. Boho
 1. Chaldean Numerology
 The numerical value of hobo in Chaldean Numerology is: 3
 2. Pythagorean Numerology
 The numerical value of hobo in Pythagorean Numerology is: 4
Images & Illustrations of hobo
Translations for hobo
From our Multilingual Translation Dictionary
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Can I use a fingerprint reader with Windows?
Yes, you can use a fingerprint reader instead of a password to log on to this version of Windows.
A fingerprint reader is a device that uses your fingerprint to identify you. It works by taking an image of your fingerprint, and then saving a copy of it. When you need to identify yourself, such as when logging on to a website or to Windows, the fingerprint reader scans your fingerprint and compares it to the saved version.
You can use a laptop with a built-in fingerprint reader, or you can buy a standalone fingerprint reader and install it on your computer. For more information about installing and using a fingerprint reader, check the information that came with your computer or fingerprint reader.
Illustration of a laptop with a built-in fingerprint reader and a standalone fingerprint reader
Laptop with built-in fingerprint reader (left) and standalone fingerprint reader (right)
To see if your computer has a fingerprint reader
 - Open Biometric Devices by clicking the Start button Picture of the Start button, and then clicking Control Panel. In the search box, type biometrics, and then click Biometric Devices.
If you have a fingerprint reader, but it isn't listed in Biometric Devices, you probably need to install a driver for it that works with this version of Windows. If you upgraded from a previous version of Windows or have an older fingerprint reader, your fingerprint reader might continue to work with Windows, but it won't be listed in Biometric Devices. In that case, you can try updating the driver. If you're using fingerprint management software and you want to uninstall it to update it to a newer version, make sure you know your Windows password. You'll have to restart your computer and log on again after uninstalling the fingerprint management software.
If you have more than one fingerprint reader or you're replacing an existing one with a new one, you might need to scan and save (often referred to as enroll) your fingerprints before you can use the fingerprint reader with Windows. This is because some fingerprint readers save fingerprints in different formats and they can't be shared with other fingerprint readers. To enroll your fingerprints with a fingerprint reader, in Biometric Devices, click Use your fingerprints with Windows.


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Ethics and museum professionals' exemplary practices are essential for ICOM.
ICOM Code of Ethics for museums was adopted in 1986 and revised in 2004. It establishes the values and principles shared by ICOM and the international museum community. It is a reference tool translated to 36 languages and it sets minimum standards of professional practice and performance for museums and their staff.
By joining ICOM, each member commits to respect this code.
Checklist on ethics of cultural property ownership
Considering the complexity of the ethical questions affecting the work of museums today, the Checklist is a tool for two purposes: it sets out the 8 organising principles that shape the detailed articles of the ICOM Code, as well as providing orientation and support in dealing with these complex topics; and it offers a list of contacts for further advice on particular questions.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Texture in Materials Science is the distribution of crystallographic orientations of a polycrystalline sample. A sample in which these orientations are fully random is said to have no texture. If the crystallographic orientations are not random, but have some preferred orientation, then the sample has a weak, moderate or strong texture. The degree is dependent on the percentage of crystals having the preferred orientation. Texture is seen in almost all engineered materials, and can have a great influence on material properties. Also, geologic rocks show texture due to their thermo-mechanic history of formation processes.
One extreme case is a complete lack of texture: a solid with perfectly random crystallite orientation will have isotropic properties at length scales sufficiently larger than the size of the crystallites. The opposite extreme is a perfect single crystal, which has anisotropic properties by geometric necessity.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Frustration toolboxes are a visual tool that help students learn to regulate their own emotions and behaviours.
Of course, with enough practice, students will have enough tools to deal with more than just frustration, but that emotion is easy to identify and works as a relatable starting point.
On the front of the toolbox graphic is a place for students to write their name, as well as a space for them to make a list of 5 strategies that they can use to help them calm when they are upset or frustrated, de-escalate when they are agitated or angry, or refocus their energy when they are overly excited or active(or tired).
- "Creating Strategies for Self-Regulation" – detailed lesson plan outlining the creation of the frustration toolboxes, from when you first start discussion of self-regulation strategies to the moment you post them on the wall
- Colourful and original handouts for student brainstorming
- All-original clipart for the creation of the frustration toolboxes
- Real life examples of completed toolboxes
- ¼ page size Frustration Toolbox desk placards
- Copies of Frustration Toolbox clipart using "Self-Regulation Toolbox" for higher grades
- "Choosing the Right Tool for the Job" – detailed Role-Playing and Reflection lesson plan for practicing selection and performance of self-regulation strategies
- 24 unique role-playing scenarios to discuss and perform
- 5 designs of reflection exercises for students before, during, and after role play exercises
- 5 versions of "Weekly Toolbox Check" journal prompt pages to engage students in regular conversations about their strategies, and offer opportunities to update and adapt their toolbox
- Additional ideas for implementation
- Colour and black and white versions of all handouts
This package is meant to accompany instruction in behavioural self-management and is intended to aid in increased engagement in a special needs setting such as a Behaviour and Learning Assistance or similar program classroom. The graphics and act of physically making a frustration toolbox, then posting it in the room has proven, in my experience, to facilitate students' critical thinking about their emotional states and the behavioural responses attributed to them. The tools act as a visual aid to help them remember that they have options available when things are getting difficult, and being able to physically choose a tool to work with adds a tangible element to an otherwise very intangible and abstract social development task. The toolboxes aid in the development of independent self-regulation, and as an added bonus, they can work as an aid in communication between the student and classroom staff. Let's say for example that you notice a student has gone to the Chill Zone, or has left the room unexpectedly. Once students are familiar with the process of grabbing a tool from their toolbox as they work to calm or de-escalate, you would be able to check that student's toolbox, and perhaps see that his "Go for a walk to the office and back" measuring tape is gone.
Please remember to take advantage of TPT's credit program: every dollar you spend earns you 1 TPT credit, and 100 credits earns you $5 toward future purchases! You only get the credits if you leave feedback, though, so please let me know what you think!


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The following update is cross-posted at ACRL Insider.
ACRL's Framework Advisory Board (FAB) is excited to announce the launch of the ACRL Framework for Information Literacy Sandbox. The 'sandbox' that was first envisioned during the development of the Framework is now a reality.
The Sandbox is an openly accessible platform and repository for librarians and their educational partners to discover, share, collect and use ongoing work related to the ACRL Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education in practice and professional development. The Sandbox is a dynamic resource whose content is created by contributors engaged in the Framework.
"ACRL's introduction of this innovative resource to support the needs of librarians engaging with the Framework in all types of academic settings is reflective of the association's strategic priorities," said ACRL President Irene M.H. Herold. "By providing opportunities for discovery and sharing of Framework-related instruction and professional development resources, the Sandbox will help build the capacity of librarians to advance the integration of information literacy into student learning. The Sandbox will only be as useful as the membership makes it, so all are encouraged to contribute."
In this platform, visitors can both browse and contribute by searching for materials tailored to their needs and contributing their own materials to share with others. The Sandbox will foster collaboration and networking as librarians discover examples to adapt and try out in their own settings and find others who are working on topics of mutual interest.
We invite you to jump into the Sandbox to share and learn from others. Searching is freely available for everyone – you don't need a login to start searching. And since the content of the Sandbox comes from you, the most important way you can celebrate the launch of the Sandbox is to contribute your Framework-related materials by creating a contributor account. Consult the Sandbox Help Center for information about how to get the most out of using the Sandbox.
The FAB Sandbox Project Team (Donna Witek, Susan Miller, and Sharon Mader) want to thank the Cherry Hill Company, ACRL Executive Director Mary Ellen Davis and the ACRL staff, and ALA ITTS for their collaboration and support in bringing this long-awaited resource to life.
See you in the Sandbox!


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ELECMI – Integrated Infrastructure for Electronic Microscopy of Materials
The Integrated Infrastructure for Electron Microscopy of Materials, ELECMI, is a Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructure (ICTS) within the current Map of National Facilities in Spain, which is composed of 29 ICTS that bring together a total of 65 facilities. ELECMI is composed of four facilities: the CNME (National Center for Electron Microscopy) that belongs to Complutense University of Madrid; the LMA (Advanced Microscopy Laboratory) that belongs to Zaragoza Universit; the DME (Electronic Microscopy Division), that belongs to Cadiz University and the UMEAP (Electron Microscopy Unit Applied to Materials) that belongs to the Barcelona University.
ICTS refers to facilities, resources or services for the development of top-quality cutting-edge research, as well as the communication, exchange and preservation of knowledge, the transfer of technology and promotion of innovation. ELECMI as well as other ICTS have these three fundamental characteristics:
- Infrastructure with public ownership.
- Unique, meaning that it is the only one of its kind in the country.
- Open to competitive access by users in the entire research community (public and private sectors from any nationality).
CNME ELECMI – National Center for Electron Microscopy
The National Center for Electron Microscopy, CNME, the main transversal action of the Campus of International Excellence, Moncloa, is designed according to the study carried out by FECYT on Unique Scientific and Technological Facilities (ICTS) to develop, implement and offer the scientific community, national and international, the most advanced methods and techniques in Transmission and Scanning Electron Microscopy for the structural analysis of materials. This Center consists of a set of last generation microscopes, and instruments and techniques for the advanced preparation of samples, as well as for the application of computational methods of image processing.
LMA ELECMI – Advanced Microscopy Laboratory
The Advanced Microscopy Laboratory, LMA, is integrated into the Río Ebro campus of Zaragoza University. It's a unique initiative at national and international levels aimed at providing the Industrial and Scientific communities with the most advanced infrastructures in Nanofabrication, Local Probe and Electron Microscopies for the observation, characterization, nanopatterning and handling of materials at atomic and molecular scale.
DME ELECMI – Electronic Microscopy Division
The Electron Microscopy Division, DME, is integrated into the Central Services of Science and Technology (SC-ICYT) of Cádiz University. The infrastructure has a staff of technical personnel highly specialized in techniques such as microscopy of corrected aberrations (TEM, STEM), electron tomography and electron loss spectroscopy (EELS) and Dispersive X-ray energy (EDX). The main DME-UCA priorities are education, training and dissemination of innovative techniques and methods based on transmission electron microscopy and electron microscopy applicability to materials applied research.
UMEAP ELECMI – Electron Microscopy Unit Applied to Materials
The Unit of Electron Microscopy Applied to Materials (UMEAP-UB) is integrated in the Scientific and Technological Centers of the University of Barcelona (CCITUB). It has highly specialized personnel in transmission electron microscopy characterization techniques and related analytical techniques (EELS and EDXS spectroscopy), as well as advanced data processing and simulation. They have beam precession systems (for 3D electronic diffraction, electronic crystallography, recognition of crystalline phases and orientation and tension maps) and specific specimen holders for in-situ microscopy and electron tomography. They also offer TEM and SEM microscopy techniques for biological material (Cryo-Tomography, In-Situ Hybridization, etc.), and a wide selection of complementary characterization techniques, such as microprobes, X-ray diffractometers, Raman microscopy, ESCA, AFM, etc.
ELECMI has a wide range of top level equipment in Electron and Local Probe Microscopy dedicated to the observation, analysis and characterization of materials at atomic and molecular scale, constituting a large infrastructure at the service of researchers, universities, research centers and Industry, with the ability to address the most relevant challenges in the field of new materials.
The most relevant techniques available at ELECMI ICTS include, among others:
- Transmission Electron Microscopy – TEM.
- Scanning Electron Microscopy – SEM.
- Dual Beam Microscopy – DUAL BEAM.


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Ain't it true that while counting the moves for 1 tile can lead to other tiles getting to their goal state? And hence counting for each tile can give us a count more than the minimum moves required to reach the goal state?
This question is in context of Manhattan distance for 15-Puzzle.
Here is the Question in different words:
Can we use Manhattan distance as an admissible heuristic for N-Puzzle. To implement A* search we need an admissible heuristic. Is Manhattan heuristic a candidate? If yes, how do you counter the above argument (the first 3 sentences in the question)?
Definitions: A* is a kind of search algorithm. It uses a heuristic function to determine the estimated distance to the goal. As long as this heuristic function never overestimates the distance to the goal, the algorithm will find the shortest path, probably faster than breadth-first search would. A heuristic that satisfies that condition is admissible.
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Can you give some more background on what the problem is? Depending on the problem, Manhattan distance could either be perfectly admissible or entirely inadmissible. – templatetypedef Dec 31 '10 at 18:05
Manhattan Distance is a metric for distance or work, not a class of problems. DESCRIBE the PROBLEM. – San Jacinto Dec 31 '10 at 18:12
_USER_ The problem is this – belisarius has settled Dec 31 '10 at 18:15
_USER_: An "admissible heuristic" in A* search is an estimate of how close you are to your goal that never overstates the distance. That guarantees finding the shortest (or least-cost) path. This is a real question, although one requiring the knowledge of some specific terminology, and should be re-opened. – David Thornley Jan 20 '11 at 15:31
_USER_: it is now reopened, and also retagged so that it has tags that put it where people who have the requisite knowledge can find it. To someone who has the requisite knowledge, the question was mostly clear to begin with, though a link to Wikipedia for the 15 puzzle (or a description of it) would have been a good idea to start with. – Ken Bloom Jan 21 '11 at 16:03
2 Answers 2
up vote 9 down vote accepted
Admissable heuristics must not overestimate the number of moves to solve this problem. Since you can only move the blocks 1 at a time and in only one of 4 directions, the optimal scenario for each block is that it has a clear, unobstructed path to its goal state. This is a M.D. of 1.
The rest of the states for a pair of blocks is sub-optimal, meaning it will take more moves than the M.D. to get the block in the right place. Thus, the heuristic never over-estimate and is admissible.
I will delete when someone posts a correct, formal version of this.
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I got it! I am sorry for being not so clear. This happened may be because I had not given enough thought to the doubt I was facing – Akhil Dec 31 '10 at 18:28
Formal Proof: By definition of h, h(s∗) = 0, if s∗ is the goal state. Assume for proof by contradiction that C∗ < h(s0) for some initial state s0. Note that, since each action can move only one tile, performing an action can at most reduce h by one. Since the goal can be reached in C∗ actions, we have h(s∗) ≥ h(s0) − C∗ > 0, which brings us to a contradiction since h(s∗) should be zero. Therefore, we must have h(s0) ≤ C∗ forall s0, and h is admissible. (Source: University of California, Irvine)
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text:
The Investigate dashboard enables you to view pivot tables of metrics and attributes for all API traffic and compare relational activity between metrics to investigate and diagnose issues faster. You can access data for the past 30 days in the dashboard.
Select Analyze > API Monitoring > Investigate in the Edge UI to open the Investivate dashboard. The dashboard has two main areas:
- Status Code lets you investigate status code metrics for API proxies and target services.
- Latency lets you investigate latency issues for API proxies and target services.
You can also investigate issues caused by a specific alert in the Investigate dashboard. When an alert occurs, click the name of the alert in the Alert History page to opent the alert in the Invesitgate dashboard.
Use the Investigate dashboard to diagnose an issue
For example, you receive an alert that indicates that the 5xx error rate exceeds the specified threshold. To investigate this issue, you might perform the following tasks on the Investigate dashboard:
- View the fault code versus time matrix to view the fault code activity over the last hour.
- Switch to the fault code versus HTTP status matrix to identify specific HTTP status codes associated with the fault codes whose counts have increased over the last hour, as identified in the previous step.
- Switch to the fault code versus Proxy matrix to identify the API proxies that are triggering the fault codes identified in the previous step.
- Click a box in the matrix that is associated with an API proxy with a high volume of fault codes to view more details and access logs.
- Set up an alert and create a custom report to further assist with diagnosing the issue.
Further troubleshoot the API proxy using trace and other tools to identify a resolution to the issue.
Use the Status Code dashboard
The Status Code dashboard lets you investigate status code metrics for the API proxies and target services in your organization. You can view status code metrics for a one-hour or four-hour window at any time in the past 30 days.
Explore the Status Code dashboard
To display the Status Code dashboard, select Analyze > API Monitoring > Investigate in the Edge UI. The Status Code dashboard displays by default:
As highlighted in the figure, the Investigate dashboard enables you to:
- Configure each matrix by setting its x-axis and y-axis to compare the relational activity between metrics and gain more insights.
- Quickly identify the metrics that are experiencing the highest relative volumes based on the color shading of a block. The darker the block, the higher the relative volume.
- Click a block in the matrix to view metric details.
- Filter the data based on the following:
- Status codes (including all traffic, all errors, 2xx, 4xx, or 5xx)
- Date and time in the past 30 days
- 1-hour or 4-hour window
Use the dashboard to quickly perform the following tasks:
- Access logs in the metric details panel.
- View the current context in the Recent or Timeline or dashboard by clicking > View in Recent or View in Timeline, respectively.
- Create a custom report and add additional dimensions by clicking.
- Create an alert and add additional alert conditions, set up notifications, and generate a custom report based on the alert.
Configure the Status Code matrix
When you select the Status Code dashboard, the following matrices appear by default:
- Fault code versus time
- Fault code versus HTTP status
- Fault source versus API proxy
Configure each matrix to compare any two of the following metrics by selecting a value for the x- and y-axis drop-down lists:
- Fault code
- Fault policy
- Fault source
- HTTP status
- Target (Target service or the ServiceCallout policy. If the target is a ServiceCallout policy, then the displayed
value is prefixed by
sc://. For example,
View Status Code metric details
View details for a particular metric by clicking its block in the matrix.
Details pertaining to the suspected cause are displayed in the right pane, including:
- Fault Source (proxy, target, or Apigee infrastructure)
Details may also include:
- Fault Policy - Information about the policy that triggered the runtime error, including policy type (internal name) and user-defined policy name. You define the name when attaching the policy to the API proxy flow.
- Proxy name
- HTTP Status code
- Fault Code
If the cardinality is greater than one for a specific metric, the details panel may include error distribution details, such as Distribution by Developer App, Distribution by Fault Policy, Distribution by Fault Code, Distribution by HTTP Status, and so on. For example:
If the fault source is target, the details panel will include Error Rate by Target. For example:
Use the Latency dashboard
The Latency dashboard displays latency information for the API proxies and target services in your organization. You can investigate latency metrics for a one-hour winow at any time in the past 30 days.
Explore the Latency dashboard
To display the Latency dashboard, select Analyze > API Monitoring > Investigate in the Edge UI. The Status Code dashboard displays by default. Select Latency in the filter area to display the Latency dashboard.:
When you select the Latency dashboard, the following matrices appear by default:
- Proxy vs Time (max latency in milliseconds)
- Proxy vs Total latency (max latency in milliseconds)
- Proxy vs All targets latency (max latency in milliseconds)
Use the Proxy drop-down box to select Target to view target latencies.
By default, the Latency dashboard shows information for the 10 proxies with the highest total P99 latency for the previous hour. Alternatively, use the Top 10 drop-down box to select a specific proxy or collection.
The Latency dashboard has all of the features of the Status Code dashboard, with the following differences:
- You only configure the total response latency percentile (p50, p90, p95, p99).
- You can only select a one-hour window for latency metrics.
- You cannot select Any for Region in the filters. You must select a specific region to view.
View Latency metric details
View details for a particular metric by clicking its block in the matrix.
Details pertaining to the latency for a proxy (blue line) and target (purple line) are displayed in the right pane, including:
- Total latency (proxy latency plus target latency)
- Latency per target (target response time)
- Distribution by HTTP Status
Hover over the graph to view detailed information:
The Latency per target graph shows the top 16 targets based on the maximum latency, with one graph per target. Mouse over a graph or select the dropdown list to determine the graph that corresponds to each target.
View logs from the metrics details
When viewing metric details for either status codes or latency, click View logs to view all logs for the selected metric:
The Traffic Logs dialog opens and displays a maximum of 1000 log entries. Click a log entry to expand its details in the list:
You can further filter the logs by the:
- Traffic source
- Error type
- Minimum response time
You cannot download the logs data from the Traffic Logs dialog. However, you can create a custom report or download the analytics data to your own data repository, such as Google Cloud Storage or BigQuery, to perform your own data analysis.
Create a custom report from the Investigate dashboard
Create a custom report based on the selected set of conditions. You can edit the custom report after it is created, to add or delete metrics and dimensions, as required. For example, you may wish to narrow your investigation to a particular access token, developer app, or API proxy. For more information, see Analytics metrics, dimensions, and filters reference.
For more information, see Creating custom reports.
To create a custom report:
Click a block in the matrix to display more detail.
In the right pane, click.
The custom report page displays in a new tab with relevant fields pre-populated.
Note: See Creating custom reports for more information about the default custom report settings.
Edit the custom report, as required. See Manage custom reports.
Click Save to save the custom report.
The report is run using the data collected over the last hour by default and the data is displayed in the custom report dashboard. See Exploring the custom reports dashboard.
On the Reports page, custom reports that are generated using API Monitoring are named using the following format:
API Monitoring Investigate Generated.
Investigate a specific alert
To investigate a specific alert, select the name of the alert in the Alert History page. The Investigate dashboard appears. Notice that it contains a graph at the top of the dashboard, and only includes information specifc to the alert:
- View API traffic details at the time the alert was triggered.
- View contextual information about the alert, including time that the alert was triggered in the center of the graph.
- Click Condition details to display the details for the alert condition in a pop-up window.
Click Playbook (if available) to view the playbook for the alert:
Click Manage alert to edit the alert.
Click View report (if available) to view a custom report.
Enable or disable auto-refresh of the page, as required.


text:
Frequency Analysis of Flood Damage
Additional Document Info
Determination of flood damage frequencies constitutes a fundamental component of any comprehensive flood-risk methodology. A time series of flood damage may contain zero values. Therefore, the probability distribution of damage should be derived taking into consideration these zero values. This distribution was derived using the total probability theorem (in conjunction with gamma, log-normal and Weibull distributions), order statistics, kinematic diffusion (KD) model, and the Box-Cox transformation. Flood damage frequencies determined using these methods were compared with those determined empirically for Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas in the United States. For the four southern states studied, it is found that of all three different analysis methods, the method based on the total probability theorem gave the best results for the flood damage analysis containing zero-damage, and the KD model method is not suitable for the flood damage analysis. ASCE.


text:
Definition of herpetology
n. - The natural history of reptiles; that branch of zoology which relates to reptiles, including their structure, classification, and habits. 2
The word "herpetology" uses 11 letters: E E G H L O O P R T Y.
No direct anagrams for herpetology found in this word list.
Adding one letter to herpetology does not form any other word in this word list.Words within herpetology not shown as it has more than seven letters.
All words formed from herpetology by changing one letter
Browse words starting with herpetology by next letter


text:
I've read that July of 1916 was the sunniest month ever recorded in Chicago, logging 95 percent of possible sunshine. Did the sunshine recorders in use then follow use today's standards?
--George Ballas, Morton Grove
Retired Chicago weather observer Paul Kubecka found that the instrument for measuring solar irradiance in 1916, the Maring-Marvin sunshine recorder (in use in Chicago until 1953) was less sensitive than today's version. It required.37 langleys to initiate the recording of sunshine compared with to the current World Meteorological Organization standard of.17 langleys. It also had a slower response time, taking up to 10 minutes before beginning to log sunshine at sunrise and sunset and during passing cloudy intervals. If weather conditions were identical, today's instrument would have recorded a higher sunshine percentage than the 1916 version.


text:
Christmas Special is a special Slenderman's Shadow Map.
It is based in a snowy area (believed to be Santa's workshop) and is also set during the night. The objective of this one, unlike most of the other maps, is to find 8 presents hidden throughout the map. It is quite hard with the fact that some presents are small and are on the ground sometimes. There are large buildings shaped like large wrapped Christmas presents to navigate through, often containing power generators and shelves. Instead of Slender Man being the one chasing you, it's Santa Claus.
- There was a glitch where you can you can climb up mountains and go on Slendy Claus's head, but it was fixed later..
- This is the first map with snow.
- He quotes "Merry Christmas. Ho ho ho ho ho!" when he kills you.
- This is the first map of Slenderman's Shadow that Slenderman isn't in.
- When you get startled by Slendy Claus, instead of a low piano note playing, he quotes "Ho ho ho!".
- The person you play as doesn't make any breathing sounds.


text:
This study examines student teaching of elementary teacher preparation programs in the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the United States of America (USA). Two programs comparable in program design, course requirements and goals were selected for exploration. The key aspects that were studied about student teaching include its unit ratio in a program, features of placements, written work by student teachers and evaluation. Findings indicate that these programs share the same basic elements related to student teaching but differences exist in student teaching sequence, focus on candidates' practice to assume teaching responsibilities, participation in evaluation and level of peer interaction. The PRC program places an emphasis on teamwork of candidates and makes them active evaluators in a three-step sequence including mock mini lessons. The USA candidates are required to gain considerably more field and teaching experience in duration and number of lessons to teach cross multiple subjects. They also reflect on their practices regularly in addition to fulfilling other credential requirements beyond the program. Educational implications are discussed regarding the characteristics of the programs in an international context.
Student Teaching Practice in Two Elementary Teacher Preparation Programs.
Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 37(1).


text:
FOLKLORE PROJECTIONS OF THE HOLY SPIRIT FEAST
Institute of Ethnology and Folklore Studies
(Bulgarian Academy of Sciences)
Abstract: In the ecclesiastical Christian calendar, Holy Trinity or Holy Ghost is a moveable feast and is celebrated on the Monday after Pentecost, in May or June. In the folk calendar, this holiday marks the beginning of the so-called Whitsuntide or Midsummer Week (in Bulgarian Rusalska nedelya). It is believed to be the period of wood nymphs' special activity – during the week those supernatural creatures, who personify vegetation and greenery in the fields and the woods, provide the fertility of crops and vineyards. The analysis focuses on those notions and the respective practices, outlining that to a great degree Whitsuntide corresponds to the Dirty or Pagan days in the winter – the period between Christmas and Epiphany. As this is one of the most important periods in the agricultural calendar, it is bound with people's efforts to ensure fertility and water balance in their inhabited territory by offering sacrifices and propitiating the supernatural powers who are owners and hosts of vegetation and water resources.
Keywords: Whitsuntide, Wood Nymphs, Kurban, Water Source, Water Host


text:
The hydrothermal corrosion behavior (320 °C, 20 MPa, 168 h) of high-purity chemical-vapor-deposited (CVD) SiC pre-irradiated with 5.1-MeV Si ions at 400 and 800 °C and 0.1-2.6 dpa was studied in order to clarify the effects of irradiation damage on SiC corrosion. Regardless of the pre-irradiation conditions, selective corrosion was observed at the grain boundaries and stacking faults even at the unirradiated regions. In contrast to the complete loss of the irradiated regions observed in the specimens irradiated at 400 °C during the autoclave test, a number of large grains survived in the case of the specimens irradiated at 800 °C. The corrosion rates at the irradiated regions increased with increasing irradiation fluence, with a significant dependence in the lower dpa regime similar to that observed in the point-defect swelling. SiO2 formation was not detected in any case. Cross-sectional scanning transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) analyses of the surfaces of the surviving grains revealed oxygen diffusion to a depth of 3.0 nm from the surface. A significant reduction of the oxygen diffusion barrier at the surface was implicated as one of the key mechanisms of the acceleration of the ion-irradiated SiC corrosion rates.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Nuclear and High Energy Physics
- Materials Science(all)
- Nuclear Energy and Engineering


Beef Thawing Equipment
Beef is a standard meat product nowadays. Before eating the meat taken out from the refrigerator, we usually need to thaw it under room temperature or in cold water. In factories, thawing large pieces of frozen meat in this way before processing not only takes a long time but also has problems such as uneven temperature inside and outside, dark color, poor quality, and easy to grow bacteria.
The traditional beef thawing method usually uses water, air and vacuum condensation vapor medium to achieve thawing effect through heat conduction. There are mainly the following ways:
1.Airflow thawing: By adjusting the temperature difference among food, airflow, and the airflow velocity. Heat is transmitted to the freezer through the gas's static pressure in the product's surface boundary layer so that the fridge can achieve the purpose of thawing. This method has strong adaptability and little equipment investment, but the thawing time is long, and the efficiency is low.
2.Water thawing: Similar to air thawing, except that the medium is changed into water. Compared with air thawing technology, it is slightly better. Still, it is also inefficient and time-consuming and requires a lot of water resources that can not meet the standards of environmental protection.
The above two methods are traditional processing technology. During the freezing process, the surface temperature of food decreases, and the bacteria are inhibited. During the thawing process, the same surface area of food is also where the temperature rises. Because of the long thawing time, the bacteria reproduction starts again.
For more extensive materials, the surface begins to rot before thawing completely, aggravating the weight loss rate of raw materials. Because of the shortcomings of the above methods, our new professional beef thawing equipment is specially designed for meat products, seafood, aquatic products, and quick-frozen food thawing.
Beef thawing equipment
Beef thawing equipment
What are the significant advantages of beef thawing equipment compared with traditional thawing equipment?
1. Beef thawing equipment uses microwave thawing, adopting PLC system and temperature control module to precisely control temperature. Traditional thawing methods can not accurately control the temperature.
2. Traditional thawing time is extended. For example, water thawing takes more than 8-10 hours, natural thawing of air may take more than 24 hours. Microwave can go deep into the material and heat directly without heat conduction. The same material microwave equipment can be completed in half an hour.
For frozen meat pieces with a weight of 25 Kg and a shape size of 600 mm x 400 mm x 230 mm, it takes only 2 to 4 minutes for them to be rewarmed to -4 ~2 ~C by microwave thawing equipment at – 18 ~C. Processing capacity is related to meat quality, that is, the dielectric constant of meat. The bigger the meat quality, the smaller the processing capacity of lean meat.
Taking 100 kW microwave thawing equipment as an example, the reference data for theoretical estimation of the thawing capacity of frozen meat from – 18 C are as follows. The actual throughput varies according to the specific situation.
Temperature requirement90% Lean meat50% Lean meat
3. Thawing quality also is the focus of customers' concern. Meat products after natural air thawing have a dark color, while meat products after water thawing show gray-white color. Meat products after microwave thawing are still the same color as fresh meat.
Before Thawing
Beef thawing equipment
Beef thawing equipment
Beef thawing equipment
4. The traditional thawing method has a high meat loss rate. As for water loss, other ways generally lose more than 5% of the water, while microwave thawing can be controlled within 1%.
5. At the same time, air thawing and water thawing will produce a large amount of sewage. As an industrial production, it also needs supporting high-cost sewage treatment equipment, while microwave thawing does not need to be used for pollution-free and environmental protection.
6. The microwave thawing equipment is operated by a touch screen, which can set computer operation procedures suitable for the requirements of thawing process specifications and realize fully automatic operation. Moreover, the equipment can run continuously with high reliability.
The effects of different thawing methods on the nutritional composition of meat products were compared.
IndicatorFresh ContrastAir ThawingCold HydrolysisHot Water ThawingMicrowave Thawing
Crude Fat3.08±0.111.08±0.141.74±0.351.68±0.282.52±0.05
crude protein30.93±1.4630.08±0.5929.18±2.0828.79±0.5929.52±0.66
Ash content1.13±0.011.63±0.061.45±0.111.44±0.071.61±0.11
As shown in the figure, the determination of muscle combinations showed that the muscle moisture content of microwave thawing was significantly higher than that of new control. In addition to the lowest moisture content of air thawing, it may be due to the long time required for air thawing, resulting in more muscle moisture loss.
The content of muscle crude fat and crude protein was significantly lower than that of new control after treatment with different thawing methods. Still, compared with another way, microwave thawing was good for maintaining crude muscle fat and crude protein content. In thawing, the microwave thawing method cannot damage the muscular fibers in meat products and change the internal structure of cells. It could also reduce the rupture of cell membranes, ensure the loss of juice, and reduce nutritional value.
Nowadays, there are many manufacturers producing microwave equipment to thawing and sterilizing. Faced with the microwave thawing equipment produced by many companies, our company ranks first in equipment technology and pays more attention to environmental protection and pollution-free equipment.
1. Beef thawing equipment is a new type of food thawing equipment developed independently by our company by introducing foreign advanced technology.
2. By referring to the following data and comparing with other companies' microwave equipment, our company's machine has the advantages of:
Microwave drying equipmentOther microwave drying equipment
Microwave frequency915±25MHz915±25MHz
Microwave powerAbove 20kw-200kw（continuously adjustable）35kW
Transfer speed0.1～3m/min frequency conversion0.5～3m/min
Microwave leakage≤5mw/cm2(GB5959.6-87)≤5mw/cm2(GB5959.6-87)
Drying capacity0.5～1.0T/ h0.5～1.5T/ h
Capacity/Hour 5-7ton 4-6ton
Equipment appearance sizeLength x width x height
8000×5000×2300（mm）（ customized）
Length x width x height
Control mode
touch screen、PLC controltouch screen、PLC control
The large table shows the advantages of microwave beef equipment in the same industry more intuitively. It is healthy and bacteria-free, conforms to all health standards, and maintains the taste of food.
3. All our microwave equipment is sold directly by manufacturers. The company's service aim is to provide three packages a year + lifetime maintenance + tailor-made + long-term tracking service. It also offers a full set of pre-sale and after-sale services such as installation, commissioning, maintenance, training, technical consultation, etc. Free repair and replacement of spare parts within one year, lifelong service.
Beef thawing equipment
The company has several decades of manufacturing experience to find reasonable thawing methods, do not damage the nutritional value, and ensure that the maximum degree of preservation of food fiber after thawing.
Choosing our microwave beef device, both in the configuration of the equipment or the entire part, we have selected international and domestic brands of accessories to ensure quality, protection uses the safe and secure from initial design to improve safety and quickness and environmental viewpoint.
In addition to the use of safe, food products most important thing is health and safety, we follow the European and American standards, all for the thorough cleaning of equipment and food processing safety.
So that each piece of raw meat after thawing have quality assurance, ensure every consumer to eat more secure, let the microwave food thawing in the market-leading step in the future competition, we make you more satisfied with our service!


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Teachers, save "ai spelling words in ABC order" to assign it to your class.
Claire Mixon
Student Instructions
ai spelling words in ABC order
1. Tap add 2. Tap label 3. Move your spelling words into ABC order 4. Tap the mic and record your spelling words
1st Grade, English Language Arts
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Employment Opportunity Details
Seminary Summary
Golden Gate Baptist Theological Seminary is a denominationally owned and operated religious, nonprofit, educational institution organized for the purpose of educating Christian leaders for church-related vocations. As a religious nonprofit employer, the Seminary is exempt from the religious nondiscrimination requirements of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. This means the Seminary is not obligated to employ persons of faith in opposition to Christian doctrine and belief. The Seminary endeavors to recruit and hire only applicants who have made a personal commitment to Jesus Christ.
How to Apply
You may request an employment application from the Human Resources department _PHONE_) or you may download the Employment Application.
Job Details
Title Pre-School Assistant Teacher - Substitute
Campus: Northern California
Mill Valley, CA
Department: Business Affairs
Reports To: Lead Teacher
FLSA Status: ne
Position Status: temp
Position Summary: The assistant teacher is a substitute position that works some part time hours and is on call. They are responsible for the cleanliness, safety and overall maintenance in the classroom. The assistant teacher is supervised by the lead teacher
Essential Duties and Responsibilities: Responsibility to Vision:
? Promote fundraisers
? Attend all school functions outside of regular school hours
? Promote positive relationships with co-workers, supervisors, parents and students
? Promote positive and edifying conversations with and concerning all persons related to the school
? Support mission statement of the school
? Demonstrate Christian walk and prayer
Responsibility to Finance:
? Communicate to the lead teacher any purchasing needs
Responsibility to Policy:
? Enforce classroom/ school policies stated in the parent handbook and policy manual
? Follow all policies stated in the staff handbook
? Refer parent concerns and discipline concerns to the lead teacher
Responsibility to Director:
? Provide professional and personal goals the first of every month
? Provide on Bible lesson plan per year for observation and evaluation
? Attend the Association of Christian Schools International conference each fall semester
? Good stewardship of your time
? Keep the school safe, clean and beautiful
? Direct complaints, observations or outstanding problems to the Director
Responsibility to Lead Teacher:
? Punctuality
? Preparing morning and afternoon snack
? Spraying and wiping down chairs, tables and counter tops
? Feeding and cleaning animal cages
? Cleaning restroom at assigned times
? Performing tasks for assigned jobs at appropriate times
? Maintain classroom control when lead teacher is talking with parents
? Report any injuries or student concerns
? Give parent messages to lead teacher
? Maintain classroom safety on a daily basis (covered plugs, disinfectant out of reach, no heavy objects stored over students' heads, teacher personal items stored out of reach, teacher classroom supplies stored out of reach)
? Support lead teacher in promoting the classroom environment the curricular direction of GGA
Responsibility to Parents:
? Support teacher/ parent communication
? Greet families at drop-off/ pick-up times
? Provide positive feedback
? Participate in all school events
Responsibility to Students:
? Plan and implement a Bible lesson daily
? Maintain a safe and healthy classroom environment
? Assist students in academic tasks
? Provide age appropriate discipline
? Problem solve
? Maintain stocked first aid kits and earthquake/ disaster plans
Education: Completed Bachelors Degree and at least 6 ECE credits; early childhood certification or ability to obtain certification.
Work Environment: Moderately noisy environment.
How to Apply


Line Shaft
Get Line Shaft essential facts below. View Videos or join the Line Shaft discussion. Add Line Shaft to your PopFlock.com topic list for future reference or share this resource on social media.
Line Shaft
Four wool spinning machines driven by belts from an overhead lineshaft (Leipzig, Germany, circa 1925)
A line shaft is a power-driven rotating shaft for power transmission that was used extensively from the Industrial Revolution until the early 20th century. Prior to the widespread use of electric motors small enough to be connected directly to each piece of machinery, line shafting was used to distribute power from a large central power source to machinery throughout a workshop or an industrial complex. The central power source could be a water wheel, turbine, windmill, animal power or a steam engine. Power was distributed from the shaft to the machinery by a system of belts, pulleys and gears known as millwork.[1]
Variable speed belt drive for a lathe. The fixed pulley on the upper shaft is driven at constant speed by a belt from the power source. The loose pulley ('idler') allows the machine to be stopped in isolation - necessary for changing speed. The stepped pulleys (left) provide three drive speeds for the machine tool (not shown), depending on which pair of pulleys is connected by the belt.
From turbine to line shaft at Suffolk Mills in Lowell, Massachusetts
From line shaft to power looms at Boott Mills in Lowell, Massachusetts
A typical line shaft would be suspended from the ceiling of one area and would run the length of that area. One pulley on the shaft would receive the power from a parent line shaft elsewhere in the building. The other pulleys would supply power to pulleys on each individual machine or to subsequent line shafts. In manufacturing where there were a large number of machines performing the same tasks, the design of the system was fairly regular and repeated. In other applications such as machine and wood shops where there was a variety of machines with different orientations and power requirements, the system would appear erratic and inconsistent with many different shafting directions and pulley sizes. Shafts were usually horizontal and overhead but occasionally were vertical and could be underground. Shafts were usually rigid steel, made up of several parts bolted together at flanges. The shafts were suspended by hangers with bearings at certain intervals of length. The distance depended on the weight of the shaft and the number of pulleys. The shafts had to be kept aligned or the stress would overheat the bearings and could break the shaft. The bearings were usually friction type and had to be kept lubricated. Pulley lubricator employees were required in order to ensure that the bearings did not freeze or malfunction.
In the earliest applications power was transmitted between pulleys using loops of rope on grooved pulleys. This method is extremely rare today, dating mostly from the 18th century. Flat belts on flat pulleys or drums were the most common method during the 19th and early 20th centuries. The belts were generally tanned leather or cotton duck impregnated with rubber. Leather belts were fastened in loops with rawhide or wire lacing, lap joints and glue, or one of several types of steel fasteners. Cotton duck belts usually used metal fasteners or were melted together with heat. The leather belts were run with the hair side against the pulleys for best traction. The belts needed periodic cleaning and conditioning to keep them in good condition. Belts were often twisted 180 degrees per leg and reversed on the receiving pulley to cause the second shaft to rotate in the opposite direction.
Pulleys were constructed of wood, iron, steel or a combination thereof. Varying sizes of pulleys were used in conjunction to change the speed of rotation. For example, a 40" pulley at 100 rpm would turn a 20" pulley at 200 rpm. Pulleys solidly attached ("fast") to the shaft could be combined with adjacent pulleys that turned freely ("loose") on the shaft (idlers). In this configuration the belt could be maneuvered onto the idler to stop power transmission or onto the solid pulley to convey the power. This arrangement was often used near machines to provide a means of shutting the machine off when not in use. Usually at the last belt feeding power to a machine, a pair of stepped pulleys could be used to give a variety of speed settings for the machine.
Occasionally gears were used between shafts to change speed rather than belts and different-sized pulleys, but this seems to have been relatively uncommon.
Early versions of line shafts date back into the 18th century, but they were in widespread use in the late 19th century with industrialization. Line shafts were widely used in manufacturing, woodworking shops, machine shops, saw mills and grist mills.
In 1828 in Lowell, Massachusetts, Paul Moody substituted leather belting for metal gearing to transfer power from the main shaft running from a water wheel. This innovation quickly spread in the U.S.[2]
Flat-belt drive systems became popular in the UK from the 1870s, with the firms of J & E Wood and W & J Galloway & Sons prominent in their introduction. Both of these firms manufactured stationary steam engines and the continuing demand for more power and reliability could be met not merely by improved engine technology but also improved methods of transferring power from the engines to the looms and similar machinery which they were intended to service. The use of flat belts was already common in the US but rare in Britain until this time. The advantages included less noise and less wasted energy in the friction losses inherent in the previously common drive shafts and their associated gearing. Also, maintenance was simpler and cheaper, and it was a more convenient method for the arrangement of power drives such that if one part were to fail then it would not cause loss of power to all sections of a factory or mill. These systems were in turn superseded in popularity by rope drive methods.[3]
Near the end of the 19th century some factories had a mile or more of line shafts in a single building.
In order to provide power for small shops and light industry, specially constructed "power buildings" were constructed. Power buildings used a central steam engine and distributed power through line shafts to all the leased rooms. Power buildings continued to be built in the early days of electrification, still using line shafts but driven by an electric motor.[1]
As some factories grew too large and complex to be powered by a single steam engine, a system of "sub divided" power came into use. This was also important when a wide range of speed control was necessary for a sensitive operation such as wire drawing or hammering iron. Under sub divided power, steam was piped from a central boiler to smaller steam engines located where needed. However, small steam engines were much less efficient than large ones. The Baldwin Locomotive Works 63-acre site changed to sub divided power, then because of the inefficiency converted to group drive with several large steam engines driving the line shafts. Eventually Baldwin converted to electric drive, with a substantial saving in labor and building space.[1]
Printing presses in 1870
With factory electrification in the early 1900s, many line shafts began converting to electric drive. In early factory electrification only large motors were available, so new factories installed a large motor to drive line shafting and millwork. After 1900 smaller industrial motors became available and most new installations used individual electric drives.[4]
Steam turbine powered line shafts were commonly used to drive paper machines for speed control reasons until economical methods for precision electric motor speed control became available in the 1980s; since then many have been replaced with sectional electric drives.[5] Economical variable speed control using electric motors was made possible by silicon controlled rectifiers (SCRs) to produce direct current and variable frequency drives using inverters to change DC back to AC at the frequency required for the desired speed.
Most systems were out of service by the mid-20th century and relatively few remain in the 21st century, even fewer in their original location and configuration.
Disadvantages and alternatives
Compared to individual electric motor or unit drive, line shafts have the following disadvantages:[1]
 - Power loss with line shafts varied widely and was typically 25% and often much higher; however, using roller bearings and good quality lubrication could minimize losses. Roller and spherical bearings gained acceptance in the decade before electrification of factories began.
 - Continuous noise
 - Maintenance costs were higher.
 - The systems were more dangerous.
 - Down time due to mechanical problems was higher.
 - It was not as easy to change speed.
 - Factory layout was designed around access to the line shafts, not in the most efficient manner for the work flow.
 - The line shafts and millwork took up a lot of space; Baldwin Locomotive Works estimated 40% more than electric drive.
 - The shafts and belting were in the way of lighting, overhead cranes and ventilation ducts.
 - Alignment of the system was critical and problematic for long shafts that were subject to expansion and contraction, settling and vibration.
 - The belting shed dust and kept it continuously circulating in the air.
 - Oil dripped from the overhead shafting.
Firms switching to electric power showed significantly less employee sick time, and, using the same equipment, showed significant increases in production. Writing in 1909,[where?] James Hubbart said that "We can scarcely step into a shop or factory of any description without encountering a mass of belts which seem at first to monopolize every nook in the building and leave little or no room for anything else


text:
Method for broadband spectroscopy of light transport through opaque scattering media
We present a broadband technique for the measurement of diffuse light transport through opaque scattering media. Using the spectral correlations introduced by a scattering medium onto a white-light supercontinuum spectrum, the diffusion constant of light is determined over a wide spectral range in the visible and the near IR. Independent broadband measurements of both the transport mean free path and the diffusion constant are used to calculate the spectral dependence of the energy velocity in a porous GaP slab. Broadband correlation spectroscopy is found to be an excellent tool for the characterization of random scattering media.


by Emily Dickson Collaborator
What's My Horse's Age in Human Years?
What's My Horse's Age in Human Years?
*Hint: It's more than a horse teeth age chart*
There's a lot of information out there about your dog's age in human years. Science has determined that it's a little more complicated than the common knowledge of multiplying by 7
Turns out, it's a little more complicated when it comes to calculating your horse's "human age" too.
Obviously, horses and humans mature at different rates. For example, a newborn foal should stand up and walk within 3 hours of being born, in comparison to human babies, which only begin walking at about 1 year of age!
How do you calculate a horse's age in human years?
There's not just one chart or age calculator to answer this question, as each horse is an individual, so it's important to not take this too seriously!
Even so, one estimate that equine veterinarians have come up with for determining a horse's age in human years is this (1):
 - 6.5 human years for each horse year from birth to age 4
 - 2.5 human years for each horse year starting at age 4
Let's say your horse is 15 years old.
6.5 x 3 years = 19.5 human years
2.5 x 12 years = 30 human years
Your 15-year-old horse is 49.5 in human years! Time to start planning that big milestone birthday party...
Average Age of a Horse
The average lifespan of a domestic horse is between 25 and 33 years. Different factors play into this, including nutrition, management, breed, size, etc.
Smaller horse breeds (like ponies) typically mature faster and have a reputation for living longer, sometimes into their 40s (in horse years!), while larger breeds (like Warmbloods) typically require more time for maturation and development.
At what age is a horse considered a senior?
Some experts make the cut-off at 20 years old, however, many equine nutritionists consider older horses "senior" when they have trouble maintaining body condition on their normal diet of hay and grain. This usually happens due to dental issues (horses having a hard time chewing hay as they age).
Senior horse feeds are typically complete feeds, meaning that they contain forage, and are designed to be fed as a stand-alone diet, without hay.
If your horse is still able to chew well, eat hay, and maintain their body condition, don't worry about the "cut-off" age. Your horse's age is just a number after all. Keeping the horse on a diet that is closest to nature for as long as possible is the best way to maintain quality of life.
Healthy as a Horse: Extending the Number of Horse Years
It's not just about calculating horse age in human years or the lifespan of a horse; it's about extending the life in your horse's years! So how can you promote healthy horse aging?
 1. Feed your horse at an optimal rate at every stage, according to their exercise level, phase of development, and weight. Overfeeding can lead to developmental diseases in young horses that affect the horse's performance for their entire lives and can have negative consequences such as laminitis, insulin resistance, and potentially colic, as the horse ages.
 1. Regular equine management practices. Prioritize annual preventive measures, including vaccinations, dental care, and regular deworming, which all play a major role in your horse's longevity. And don't forget that keeping your horse on a consistent farrier schedule is critical for hoof and joint health.
 1. Protect the gut microbiome. Many horses' lives are cut short due to digestive problems, which can happen at any age. We've all heard the horror stories. One of the best preventive care measures you can take as a loving horse owner is to feed your horse a high quality equine probiotic supplement.
Your horse's age in human years is less important than their quality of life. Before you pull out the teeth aging chart or horse age calculator, follow these steps and they'll be aging backwards in human years before you know it!
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The Best Historic Towns to Visit Throughout Brazil
The historical town of Olinda is next to Pernambuco's coastline
The historical town of Olinda is next to Pernambuco's coastline | © Marinelson Almeida / Flickr
Photo of Sarah Brown
15 June 2018
With Portuguese colonizers arriving in the 1500s bringing with them enslaved Africans, and the indigenous population prevailing before then, in addition to the waves of foreign immigration years after, Brazil is rich in history, to say the least. Take a glimpse back in time by visiting these incredible historic towns in Brazil.
Salvador is the capital of Bahia and one of Brazil's most historically significant towns with a striking mix of colonial architecture from the Portuguese settlers and a deep-rooted Afro-Brazilian culture. Known as a central port for the incoming enslaved Africans in the 16th century, Salvador eventually became strongly influenced by African cuisine, dance, and music, which have enrichened the local history. One of the city's most famous neighborhoods is Pelourinho in the city center, known for its large squares, colorful architecture, and baroque-style churches.
Colorful Pelourinho, the historic city center in Salvador | © Eduardo Pelosi / Flickr
Ribeirão da Ilha
Located on the west coast of Florianopolis in the south of Brazil, Ribeirão da Ilha is a small yet picture-perfect village with a laid-back atmosphere and classic Portuguese colonial architecture. Its historical city center was founded in the mid 18th century and is one of the oldest Azorean colonization settlements. Several of the houses and churches there are recognized for their historical significance and are protected by law.
A church in Ribeirão da Ilha | © Otávio Nogueira / WikiCommons
Located in the north of Brazil in a state called Pernambuco, known for its tropical scenery and consistently high temperatures, Olinda is recognized as one of the best-preserved colonial cities in Brazil. Its historical city center received the UNESCO World Heritage Site title and is full of intriguing art galleries and imperial architecture. It's best known for its traditional Carnival, which is celebrated through hundreds of street parties with African-influenced dance and dozens of different Brazilian genres.
The historical town of Olinda is next to Pernambuco's coastline | © Marinelson Almeida / Flickr
Antonio Prado
In the southern state of Rio Grande do Sul is Antonio Prado, a town built by an Italian community who settled there in the early 19th century. Many of the houses in the town are made from wood complete with criss-cross beams on the facades and fairytale fretwork lining the roof. The local Municipal Museum holds a precious collection of archives and artifacts of the town's history over the past 100 years.
Antonio Prado in Rio Grande do Sul in the south of Brazil | © Marinelson Almeida / Flickr
Minas Gerais (a state in Brazil) is packed with historical towns, yet arguably the most historical is Mariana, the first city and capital of the state. It played a key role in the Brazilian Gold Rush and today has the largest gold mine, open to the public, in the world. With miles of cobbled streets, colonial houses, and baroque-style churches, it's one of the most picturesque cities in Minas Gerais.
The colonial town of Mariana is known for its historical significance | © pratiproy / Flickr
Porto Seguro
For many tourists, Porto Seguro is a classic beachside holiday destination with flour-white shores, warm turquoise waters, and rows of palm trees lined up along the coastline. Yet the town is remembered for a distinct event in history; it was the first landing spot of the Portuguese colonizers who arrived there in 1500.
One of the first beaches the Portuguese colonizers saw when they arrived in Brazil over 500 years ago | © IRegiões Brasil / WikiCommons
Ouro Preto
A town famed for its colonial houses, cobbled streets, and baroque churches, Ouro Preto is one of the best-known and popular cities in Brazil, capturing tourists' hearts with its charming architecture, friendly residents, and wholesome local food. It once played an important part in Brazil's Gold Rush and was also the place where the Inconfidência Mineira happened, an unsuccessful attempt to claim back Brazilian independence from the Portuguese in 1789. At the heart of the revolution was leader Joaquim José da Silva Xavier, otherwise known as 'Tiradentes' who was later captured by the Portuguese authorities, hung, and dismembered for his involvement in the riot.
The picturesque and historical city, Ouro Preto, in Brazil | © Leandro Neumann Ciuffo / Flickr
A small and charming town in the south of Rio de Janeiro state, with a creative and peaceful setting, Paraty is a popular tourist hotspot and artist hub. Once a thriving port for gold exports between Brazil and Portugal, nowadays it's better-known for its Portuguese colonial architect, cachaça distilleries, and surrounding untouched natural attractions.
The colorful colonial streets of Paraty | © Florian Höfer / WikiCommons
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create a filter that limits the data to a sliding time window, such as the previous 5 days. You specify filters in Charts using an MQL Query Document. To specify a relative date query, you need to do a bit of arithmetic to create a new Date object based on the number of milliseconds relative to the current date, represented by Date(). To specify the last 5 days, use the following filter:
{ observationDate: {$gte: Date(Date() - 5 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000)}}
After applying the filter, you can give your chart a title and we're done!
After saving the chart, you can resize it on your dashboard, and then start to create additional charts to give you even more insight into the weather in your city.
Another Example: Home Battery Data
I chose the Weather scenario for the main example in this article as it's easy to get working and something we can all relate to. However, in practice, you can probably get a lot of this info from weather websites. The real value is not so much in this one specific example but in the pattern and its implementation using the MongoDB platform.
No matter what your interests are, chances are there are APIs that return data that is of value to you, and you can use the same approach from the weather example to ingest and visualize this data. The following screenshot shows one I created to show the status and history of my home battery storage system. You can see the storage level over the last week, the current storage level and understand how the usage changes over the seasons.
Hopefully, this will give you some ideas on dashboards that you'd like to create. Have fun exploring and visualizing your data!


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Global K-exponential controllers are constructed for the tracking control problem of nonholonomic systems in chained-form whose reference targets are allowed to converge to a point exponentially. By using a novel transformation and the cascade-design method, the tracking control problem is converted into stabilization problem of two simple subsystems. Then an LMI design approach is developed for stabilizing subsystems. The assumption on the reference signal is much more relaxed than those given in the previous papers.


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Changing the Minimum quantity message
Putting short notes or messages on the check out that will serve as a reminder or a heads up to the customer is a smart move. This short note is called in-cart message. This will be helpful to the customers since they will be aware of other good offers they are qualified to avail.
The Wholesale Hero app allows you to edit the in-cart messaging to encourage customers to add more products or to display required minimum values for wholesale discounts to be applied.
In this article, we are going to modify the texts on the Minimum quantity message, one of the in-cart messages. This message appears on the cart page when the quantity of the items inside the cart does not meet the minimum requirement as shown below:
To change this message, follow the steps below:
Step1. Launch the app and click Settings from the navigation panel.
Step2. Scroll down to the Language Settings section.
Step3. Edit the Minimum quantity message by entering the texts in the given field.
Step4. Click Save.
The Minimum quantity message texts are now modified.
Here's a quick demo:
Changing the style of the messaging
If you would like to change the style of the messaging, the CSS for this is located in your theme.liquid file. Please note that basic CSS and HTML is required for this step.


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How many microlitro in 1 cubic angstrom?
The answer is 1.0E-21.
We assume you are converting between microlitro and cubic angstrom.
You can view more details on each measurement unit:
microlitro or cubic angstrom
The SI derived unit for volume is the cubic meter.
1 cubic meter is equal to _PHONE_ microlitro, or 1.0E+30 cubic angstrom.
Note that rounding errors may occur, so always check the results.
Use this page to learn how to convert between microlitros and cubic angstroms.
Type in your own numbers in the form to convert the units!
1 microlitro to cubic angstrom = 1.0E+21 cubic angstrom
2 microlitro to cubic angstrom = 2.0E+21 cubic angstrom
3 microlitro to cubic angstrom = 3.0E+21 cubic angstrom
4 microlitro to cubic angstrom = 4.0E+21 cubic angstrom
5 microlitro to cubic angstrom = 5.0E+21 cubic angstrom
6 microlitro to cubic angstrom = 6.0E+21 cubic angstrom
7 microlitro to cubic angstrom = 7.0E+21 cubic angstrom
8 microlitro to cubic angstrom = 8.0E+21 cubic angstrom
9 microlitro to cubic angstrom = 9.0E+21 cubic angstrom
10 microlitro to cubic angstrom = 1.0E+22 cubic angstrom
You can do the reverse unit conversion from cubic angstrom to microlitro, or enter any two units below:
microlitro to cubic micrometer
microlitro to cubic hectometer
microlitro to board foot
microlitro to cubic decimeter
microlitro to imperial gallon
microlitro to bushel
microlitro to cup
microlitro to gill
microlitro to cubic kilometer
microlitro to petalitre
Unidad de volumen equivalente a la millonésima parte de un litro, representada por el símbolo μl. También equivale a 1 milímetro cúbico.
A cubic angstrom is defined as the volume of a cube with edges one angstrom in length.
The definition of a angstrom is as follows:
An angstrom or ångström (Å) is a non-SI unit of length equal to 10-10 metres, 0.1 nanometres or 100 picometres.
ConvertUnits.com provides an online conversion calculator for all types of measurement units. You can find metric conversion tables for SI units, as well as English units, currency, and other data. Type in unit symbols, abbreviations, or full names for units of length, area, mass, pressure, and other types. Examples include mm, inch, 100 kg, US fluid ounce, 6'3", 10 stone 4, cubic cm, metres squared, grams, moles, feet per second, and many more!


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Oracle 10g DB. I have a table called s_contact. This table has a field called person_uid. This person_uid field is a varchar2 but contains valid numbers for some rows and in-valid numbers for other rows. For instance, one row might have a person_uid of '2-lkjsdf' and another might be _PHONE_.
I want to return just the rows with valid numbers in person_uid. The SQL I am trying is...
select person_uid
from s_contact
where decode(trim(translate(person_uid, '_PHONE_','')), null, 'n', 'c') = 'n'
The translate replaces all numbers with spaces so that a trim will result in null if the field only contained numbers. Then I use a decode statement to set a little code to filter on. n=number, c=char.
This seems to work when I run just a preview, but I get an 'invalid number' error when I add a filter of...
and person_uid = 100
-- or
and to_number(person_uid) = 100
I just don't understand what is happening! It should be filtering out all the records that are invalid numbers and 100 is obviously a number...
Any ideas anyone? Greatly Appreciated!
share|improve this question
6 Answers 6
up vote 2 down vote accepted
Another alternative is to combine the predicates:
where case when translate(person_uid, '_PHONE_','')) is null
 then to_number(person_uid) end = 100
share|improve this answer
Unfortunately, the various subquery approaches that have been proposed are not guaranteed to work. Oracle is allowed to push the predicate into the subquery and then evaluate the conditions in whatever order it deems appropriate. If it happens to evaluate the PERSON_UID condition before filtering out the non-numeric rows, you'll get an error. Jonathan Gennick has an excellent article Subquery Madness that discusses this issue in quite a bit of detail.
That leaves you with a few options
1) Rework the data model. It's generally not a good idea to store numbers in anything other than a NUMBER column. In addition to causing this sort of issue, it has a tendency to screw up the optimizer's cardinality estimates which leads to less than ideal query plans.
2) Change the condition to specify a string value rather than a number. If PERSON_UID is supposed to be a string, your filter condition could be PERSON_UID = '100'. That avoids the need to perform the implicit conversion.
3) Write a custom function that does the string to number conversion and ignores any errors and use that in your code, i.e.
 RETURN to_number( p_arg );
 WHEN others THEN
and then my_to_number(PERSION_UID) = 100
4) Use a subquery that prevents the predicate from being pushed. This can be done in a few different ways. I personally prefer throwing a ROWNUM into the subquery, i.e. building on OMG Ponies' solution
WITH valid_persons AS (
 SELECT TO_NUMBER(c.person_uid) 'person_uid',
 ROWNUM rn
 WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(c.personuid, '[[:digit:]]'))
 FROM valid_persons vp
 WHERE vp.person_uid = 100
Oracle can't push the vp.person_uid = 100 predicate into the subquery here because doing so would change the results. You could also use hints to force the subquery to be materialized or to prevent predicate pushing.
share|improve this answer
1) Reworking the model it not an option. 2) I cant change the value being filtered on to be a string because it is actually an external system that is doing the filtering and it's dtype is a number. 3, 4) I will try the WITH clause. If that is not compatible with a view (which is actually where this SQL will end up) then I will give the custom to_number function a try. Thanks! Ill let ya know. – Nate Dec 4 '09 at 18:25
The WITH isn't special here, you'd get the same result with an inline view, either using regular expressions or using your translate logic. The critical bit is that you need to do something in the inline view to prevent the predicate from being pushed into the inline view. That can be a hint or, as I showed, by adding something like ROWNUM that prevents predicate pushing. – Justin Cave Dec 4 '09 at 19:58
When you add those numbers to the WHERE clause it's still doing those checks. You can't guarantee the ordering within the WHERE clause. So, it still tries to compare 100 to '2-lkjsdf'.
Can you use '100'?
share|improve this answer
An external system actually writes the value that will be filtered by and this value is always a number. Thus I need to convert the string to a number in this SQL which will be part of a view. Thanks though! – Nate Dec 4 '09 at 18:20
Are you saying that the 100 is provided by an external system? Then just change the query to: WHERE person_uid = CAST(_USER_ AS VARCHAR) – Tom H. Dec 4 '09 at 18:33
Another option is to apply a subselect
 select person_uid
 from s_contact
share|improve this answer
Unfortunately, this doesn't guarantee that the inner subquery is executed first and that only the rows with all numeric data are considered before applying the PERSON_UID filter – Justin Cave Dec 4 '09 at 18:05
Right, I had the same idea, but I still get the 'invalid number' error. Thanks for trying! – Nate Dec 4 '09 at 18:16
Regular expressions to the rescue!
where regexp_like (person_uid, '^[0-9]+$')
share|improve this answer
Use the first part of your query to generate a temp table. Then query the temp table based on person_uid = 100 or whatever.
The problem is that oracle tries to convert each person_uid to an int as it gets to it due to the additional and statement in your where clause. This behavior may or may not show up in the preview depending on what records where picked.
share|improve this answer
Unfortunately, this SQL is part of a view so I need this to be one statement. Thanks for the idea though! – Nate Dec 4 '09 at 18:19
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Kinetic energy and potential energy concept question
 1. i need a review. why does lifting a book at a constant speed result in a constant KE but changing PE? obviously KE = 1/2 mv^2 but im looking for a conceptual answer. doesnt KE need to equal PE for energy to be conserved?
 im in e&m right now and theres a statement in my book saying that the book situation is analogous to potential within an emf source. so W = 0 (work done on a test charge within an ideal emf source), U is increased, and KE is constant. but in the book analogy doesnt the book have to be moving in the +/- x direction for W = 0?
 so to summarize i have two questions, (1) concerns how energy is conserved with a constant KE but changing U and (2) concerns how W = 0 if there is a changing U
 please answer both questions in terms of the book analogy AND the emf source! thanks in advance :)
 2. jcsd
 3. NascentOxygen
 Staff: Mentor
 Lifting a book is a quite different situation to a falling book. :smile: In lifting it, you are doing work all the while, so you are increasing its potential energy by moving it higher.
 For something falling, its PE is converted into KE. No extra work is being done on the system. One form of energy is being converted into the other. And that KE all gets wasted when the book hits the floor.
 4. that makes sense but how is there zero work being done in an emf source yet there is a changing KE and static PE? :/ its almost like the falling book situation and lifting book situation combined...
 5. strike that, reverse it :) changing PE, static KE
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