Do hybrids differ that much in starch type?
crops and forages
Do hybrids differ that much in starch type?
by Bill Mahanna and Ev Thomas
There has been an explosion of interest among seed corn buyers about the differences in the type of starch found in hybrids. What these discussions are referring to is the amount of floury (also called soft or dent) endosperm versus vitreous (also called hard or flinty) endosperm.
structure of a corn kernal
Floury endosperm contains the white-colored starch granules found in the center of the kernel as shown in Figure 1. They are more loosely bound in a starch:zein protein (prolamin) matrix. Dent corn derives its name because this softer starch "dents in" at the top of the kernel as it matures.
Vitreous starch is the higher-density, yellowish-colored starch granules found on the outer edges of a mature kernel which are more tightly bound in a starch:protein matrix. Vitreous starch becomes more prominent as the kernel approaches dry grain harvest maturity (postblack layer). Popcorn would be considered nearly 100 percent vitreous starch.
Hybrids with more floury starch generally have lower test weight due to kernel reduced density (more air space between starch granules). However, only about 40 percent of the variation in grain density can be attributed to test weight. The remainder is due to the influences of kernel size, shape, maturity, germ content, and pericarp slickness.
The relationship between kernel density and vitreous starch levels at dry grain maturity, when the kernel has the highest level of hard starch, is illustrated in Figure 2. Note the shaded area indicating the typical range of vitreous starch in commercial hybrids. Research comparing the starch digestibility of floury genetics against flinty hybrids has certainly furthered the understanding of the mechanisms of starch digestion. However, caution is needed when extrapolating these "bookend" comparisons to what dairymen will observe from high-yielding, commercially available hybrids.
corn density and starch vitreousness compared
Research comparing starch digestibility of hybrids with less than 50 percent
vitreousness can aid in the understanding of digestion mechanisms
but have little appli-cability to high-yielding commercially available corn hybrids.
According to Ohio State researchers, the level of kernel vitreousness has little, if any, impact on the digestibility of starch in fermented forms of corn such as silage or high-moisture grain. Consequently, total tract starch digestibility typically exceeds 96 percent for adequately fermented silage or high-moisture corn.
Microbial activity during fermentation and the chemical action of various fermentation end-products (acids, yeast-generated alcohol) alter kernel storage proteins, removing most of the negative effects of zeins (prolamins) on starch digestibility. There is a strong positive relationship between the level of soluble protein (or ammonia nitrogen) in corn grain and the improved ruminal starch digestibility of corn grain over time in fermented storage.
If corn kernels are fed fully mature and not fermented, as in the case of dry corn grain, research from France indicates that fine-grinding can remove the negative impact of vitreous endosperm on starch digestibility. This is something nutritionists have learned simply by watching cows (and manure) and is the reason for feeding fine-ground dry corn (600 to 1,000 microns) rather than rolled or cracked corn to high-producing cows. Steers can successfully be fed coarser grain because they have less fiber in their diet and a much slower ruminal starch passage rate than lactating cows.
For corn fed as dry, ground, or rolled grain, starch from finely ground, more floury, endosperm hybrids will generally be more extensively degraded in the rumen compared to starch from more vitreous hybrids. However, with acidosis as a common nutritional malady, is boosting ruminal starch digestibility always the goal?
High ruminally available starch may or may not be of benefit depending upon other starchy ingredients like corn silage, the relative need for ruminal microbial protein production, and the possible desire to shift starch digestion to the intestines to reduce the potential for acidosis.
For corn fed as fermented corn silage or high-moisture corn, more vitreous hybrids with large kernels (reduced pericarp:endosperm ratio) appear preferable. This is because they typically have higher grain yields, and the process of fermentation (protein matrix solubilization and acid hydrolysis) will minimize most of the adverse effects of vitreousness.
Not a benefit
It appears counterproductive to recommend hybrid selection for low test weight or kernel vitreousness given these facts:
1. Seed companies do not have data on the level of vitreousness at silage or high-moisture grain harvest maturity.
2. Vitreousness of grain harvested at silage maturity is considerably lower than for dry grain.
3. Adverse effects of vitreousness for dry grain can be largely alleviated by fine grinding.
4. Fermentation significantly re-duces the impact of vitreousness.
5. Selecting hybrids for reduced vitreousness likely depresses grain yields and possibly causes more ear molds.
Rather, it seems prudent to select corn hybrids for traits for which there are significant genetic differences such as silage tonnage, grain yield, and trait packages necessary to protect yield against specific pest and weed challenges. Growers can then fine-tune the selection process with attention to resistance to drought, foliar disease, and ear molds.


PokéBase - Pokémon Q&A
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Is it a ferret or something?
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1 Answer
1 vote
Best answer
Mienshao seems to be based on an ermine and also seems to have drawn inspiration from whip fighting as well as a variety of martial arts, such as Shaolin Kung Fu. The fur on its arms also resemble the shuixiu (水袖) or "water sleeves", which are long, white, flowing sleeves used by performers of Chinese operas to express the emotions of their character.
Mienshao, according to Bulbapedia, is based on an ermine, not a ferret. However, on the Wikipedia page linked in the Bulbapedia article, it states that ermines belong to the Mustelidae family, which includes ferrets, along with weasels. The Bulbapedia page also states that the literal translation for Mienshao's Mandarin Chinese name is "master weasel", and, on Mienfoo's page, it states that its name in the same language literally translates to "Kung-Fu weasel".
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text:
Bamfurlong was a farm in the boggy region of the Marish in the eastern Shire. It was the home of Farmer Maggot, who (like the other Hobbits in this inhospitable area) lived above ground rather than in a traditional Hobbit-hole. Maggot's farm was well-known in the area for his mushrooms, which he protected fiercely against trespassers with his three fearsome dogs.
The center of the farm consisted of a large farm house with associated farm-buildings. They were all made of brick with thatched roofs, and enclosed within a high wall with a wooden gate to the outside lane.
When Frodo Baggins was young and lived at Brandy Hall he occasionally sneaked onto the farm to poach some mushrooms. On the last visit Maggot had caught Frodo and gave him a beating for his thievery. Years later Frodo remained in terror of the farmer and his dogs.
On 25 September T.A. 3018, Frodo, Sam, and Pippin came to Bamfurlong in the afternoon. There they met Farmer Maggot and learned that earlier a Black Rider had visited the farm and enquired about Baggins. The traveling hobbits gratefully accepted a hearty supper before the farmer drove them to Bucklebury Ferry in his wagon.
The name Bamfurlong derives from words meaning very roughly 'bean-field'. A furlong is a division of a common field.
Bamfurlong is a real-life English place-name

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
I wrote the following article for creating Shadow Walls for Children's museums. However, they are very effective at home haunts as well. So I thought I would share it here:
A shadow wall, also known as a Silhouette Wall, is a phosphorescent wall used with a timed light source to capture and display children's shadows.
Children pose in front of the wall while a light flashes creating a black shadow on a green glowing wall. This allows the kids to turn around and see their shadow. The shadow fades, allowing another child to take a turn.
Shadow walls are popular in childrens museums and other indoor play areas. However, they can also be made inexpensively for birthday parties.
This article will give advice for creating each component in a professional manner and lower cost hobbyist alternatives.
Phosphorescent paint comes in many varieties, most of which are designed to maintain their glow for a long time. Shadow walls are unique in that they require a paint that is relatively bright, charges very quickly, and decays very quickly. To meet these criteria, Glow Inc. designed a custom mix called the Shadow Wall
Formula. While meeting the above requirements, it is also designed to resist the damage caused by kids touching it. It applies easily with nominal smell and no fumes.
You will need 1 quart of Shadow Wall Formula per 4' x 8' sheet.
The wall's structure can be created using sheet materials like drywall, wood, vinyl, plastic, or glass.
The best materials are clear, such as glass or clear acrylic (Plexi-glass). If using glass, make sure that it is thick enough that it can not be broken by excited children. Clear acrylic is a lower cost, easier to use material. However, clear acrylic scratches easy and requires some maintenance.
For clear wall materials, we suggest you paint the rear side of the clear sheet with several layers of Shadow Wall Formula and then a layer of standard acrylic fluorescent white paint. Allow to dry between layers. Then hang or glue the glass to the wall with the painted side facing the wall. While costly, this creates a very smooth, professional appearance.
For opaque materials like wood, vinyl, plastic, and drywall, prepare and prime the surface as you would for any other water-based paint. Add a several layers of Shadow Wall Formula, allowing it to dry between layers.
For a cheaper alternative, my personal preference is corrugated plastic (Coroplast). It can be acquired at most sign shops for under $20 for a 4'x8' sheet. If you go this route, get white and do not prime it before adding the glow paint. It can be cut into manageable sheets for storage and weighs very little, making it ideal for temporary installations like parties.
A common mistake is to have too much ambient light in the room. If you want a bright shadow wall and high contrast shadows, then you need to keep the room just above pitch dark. The room would ideally be painted flat black and no light source would directly shine on the shadow wall. This includes light from other rooms when the door or curtain is open.
Red light will increase the discharge speed of glow pigments used in the Shadow Wall Formula. This can be used to your advantage in professional installations to provide light for entrance and exit while also quickly clearing the wall for the next child. While any red light will work, I personally suggest red LED par cans.
Children waiting in the queue should be in a dimly lit room so their eyes have a chance to dark adjust, preferably for 5 or more minutes.
The light to charge the shadow wall should emit as much ultra-violet light as possible, preferably with nominal visible light.
Visible light adjusts the children's eyes for daylight and the glow will therefore appear less bright.
That being said, disposable cameras with flash are an effective charging light for shadow walls used at kid's birthday parties. They can typically be acquired for free by asking nicely anywhere that processes film. Strobe lights are another inexpensive alternative. If you use these visible light alternatives, consider telling the children to close their eyes for the flash.
For professional installations, use only ultra violet lights, also known as black lights. For crisp edges on your shadows, use a light with a single point of origin like a bulb. Tube or LED black lights have a wider origin, which will blur the edges of the shadow. Black light bulbs sold for parties that look similar to regular screw-in light bulbs perform very poorly.
Therefore, I suggest a high powered "cannon" or stage fixture like Chauvet's Black Shadow 400w Blacklight. You can use the light's spec sheet to determine its beam angle. With this angle, you can determine how far back to mount the light for optimum performance.
I suggest you mount the light 1-2 feet from the floor. This low aspect will make most shadows taller than the children while keeping their feet in frame.
Using your timer, adjust the "flash" time for optimum performance. Longer flashes create a brighter glow. However, longer flashes also blur the edges of the shadow as children move.
For home use, the timer is a human pushing a button.
For professional installations, you will definitely want to add an automated timer. This can be accomplished hundreds of ways. I personally use a computer, Enttec DMX USB Pro, Chauvet DMX-4 Relay/Dimmer, and Vixen software.
Here is a typical Timer sequence started by human trigger:
00.0s Countdown clock 5
01.0s Countdown clock 4
02.0s Countdown clock 3
03.0s Countdown clock 2
04.0s Countdown clock 1
04.9s Red light turns off
05.0s Ultraviolet light turns on
05.5s Ultraviolet light turns off
(Note: this is when the wall glows)
30.0s Red light turns on


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Jahn-Teller distortions in the electronically excited states of sym-triazine
Electronic structure of the low-lying excited states of sym-triazine is analyzed. Excitation energies are computed at the equilibrium ground state geometry and at the geometry of the cation. Full geometry optimizations of the selected excited states were performed, and the magnitude of the Jahn-Teller distortions in these states was quantified. Analysis of the electronic structure of these states offers a simple recipe for predicting the symmetry of th equilibrium geometries by a single point calculation of the vertical excitations. Whereas the states derived from excitations between a degenerate pair and a non-degenerate orbital form a familiar two-state conical intersection and are always distorted by virtue of the Jahn-Teller theorem, the states derived from the excitations between two pairs of degenerate orbitals form more complicated glancing-like manifold characterized by negligible Jahn-Teller linear terms. Our analysis shows that regardless of the degeneracy pattern in these four-state manifolds, the top two states are always nearly-symmetric. Particular shape of the potential energy surfaces in a glancing intersection depends on the relative ordering of the states within the manifold, and different topologies of both types of intersections around D3h geometry are discussed. Predicted symmetry of the excited states is compared to the optimized structures of the selected sym-triazine electronic states.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Premier Family Law Attorneys
Divorce and Social Media: Why You Should Stop Posting and Logout
Social Media Icons
For the majority of people, social media has become a daily part of our lives. Keeping in touch with friends, posting pictures of your children, and watching the latest trending video has never been easier, but did you ever stop and think about how social media can play a role in your divorce?
It's very easy to gather information about people from their social media profiles, especially when people habitually overshare. There's a time and place for particular posts, but when you are going through a contentious divorce, there are a few tips to keep in mind before sharing your life on Facebook.
1) Check Your Privacy Settings
If you fear your spouse is snooping around your social media profiles, it's time to disconnect, unfriend, or block them. This might seem harsh, but it's an easy way to minimize the potential threat of causing additional drama and arguments online.
2) Don't Badmouth Your Spouse
No matter how frustrated and upset you become, do not use social media as an emotional outlet. Opposing counsel can print your posts and use it as evidence during your divorce. Don't rely solely on privacy settings because anything you post online can often be found.
3) When in Doubt, Don't Post
Before posting anything, take a step back and ask yourself, "Could someone misinterpret this? Could opposing counsel use this against me?" If the answer is yes, do not post! Sharing funny pictures and videos can seem harmless, but they might be misconstrued.
4) Suspend Your Online Presence
Using social media has become second nature to us, so the thought of logging out for an extended period of time feels unnatural. The bottom line: the best way to protect yourself from any social media content being used against you during the divorce is to suspend your online presence—don't delete your accounts, but take a break from social media.


text:
Science Fair Project Encyclopedia
A private investigator, or PI, is a person who undertakes investigations. They often work for attorneys in civil cases or on behalf of a defense attorney. Many work for insurance companies to resolve claims. Before the advent of no-fault divorce, many private investigators were hired to search out evidence of adultery or other illegal conduct within marriage to establish grounds for a divorce. Despite the lack of legal necessity for such evidence any more, according to press reports collecting evidence of adultery or other "bad behaviour" by spouses and partners is still one of the most profitable activities investigators undertake.
They have also been frequently found in fiction as a stock character; perhaps the most famous of these is the Sherlock Holmes character created by Arthur Conan Doyle, who would refer to himself in the jargon of his age as a "private inquiries agent." (See Crime fiction for details.)
Many jurisdictions require PIs to be licensed, and they may or may not carry firearms depending on local laws. Some are ex-police officers. They are expected to keep detailed notes and to be prepared to testify in court regarding any of their observations on behalf of their clients. Taking great care to remain within the law (e.g., being forbidden to trespass on private property or break into homes) is also required, on pain of losing their licences as well as facing criminal charges. Irregular hours may also be required when performing surveillance work (e.g., outside someone's house during the early hours of the morning).
The contents of this article is licensed from _URL_ under the GNU Free Documentation License. Click here to see the transparent copy and copyright details


MomentJS - Date Validation
MomentJS handles date validation in an easy way. You need not write lots of code to validate date. isValid() is the method available on moment which tells if the date is valid or not. MomentJS also provides many parsing flags which can be used to check for date validation.
Parsing Flags
MomentJS provides the following parsing flags in cases where the date given is considered as invalid −
overflow − This will occur when the month given is 13th, day is 367th in an year or 32nd in a month, 29th for Feb on a non-leap year etc. Overflow contains the index of the invalid unit to match towards invalidAt. Note that -1 means no overflow.
invalidMonth − It shows an invalid month name. It will give the invalid month string or null.
Empty − When an input is given which is not a date. It gives a Boolean.
nullInput − A null input, like moment(null);It returns a Boolean.
invalidFormat − When the format given is empty such as moment('2018-04-25', []). It gives Boolean back.
userInvalidated − A date created explicitly as invalid, such as moment.invalid(). It returns Boolean.
meridiem − Indicates the meridiem (AM/PM) parsed, if any. It returns string.
parsedDateParts − It returns an array of date parts parsed such as parsedDateParts[0] as year, parsedDateParts[1] as month and parsedDateParts[2] as day. If no parts are present, but meridiem has value, date is invalid. It returns an array.
Consider the following example to understand date validation −
var a = moment("2018-18-10T10:20:25");
The invalidAt gives the output as 1, which points to the month as the month value is greater than 12 and it overflows. If there is an overflow, invalidAt will give the output as shown in the table given here −
0 years
1 months
2 days
3 hours
4 minutes
5 seconds
6 milliseconds
If there are multiple overflows in the date given, it will be an output for the first overflowed index.


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I'm new to Qt. I installed Qt for VS2008 and integrated with my VS2010. I just want to know how to make HTTP requests. I've read about QtNetwork but QtHttp is obselete.
I also know about libcurl and curlpp, but I have problems installing it, and making it work with Qt.
What do you recommend, QtNetwork or curlpp? If QtNetwork, can you please give me a sample function or piece of code (and what class to use). If curlpp(libcurl), can you please point me to somewhere where I can find the steps to install it for Qt (or kindly explain)?
Thank you very much.
share|improve this question
2 Answers 2
up vote 6 down vote accepted
libcurl and curlpp are great libraries, but using them adds a dependency to your project that probably you can avoid.
Recent versions of Qt recommend to use QNetworkAccessManager to make network requests (included http requests) and receive replies.
The simplest possible way to download a file is:
QNetworkAccessManager *manager = new QNetworkAccessManager(this);
connect(manager, SIGNAL(finished(QNetworkReply*)), this, SLOT(replyFinished(QNetworkReply*)));
When the replyFinished slot is called, the QNetworkReply object that it takes as parameter will contain the downloaded data as well as meta-data (headers, etc.).
A more complete example can be found in the Qt examples, you can read here its source code.
share|improve this answer
Giuseppe is right, you don't need to use libcurl, curlpp and similar libraries. There is no need for that, Qt has a simple and working class on it own.
Keep in mind that the standard way of sending request and retrieving reply is asynchronous. You always have to connect the manager finished(QNetworkReply*) signal to a slot.
If you send multiple requests and don't want to add a slot for each reply, you can always run an event loop, and connect the managers signal to event loops quit() slot.
Something like this:
QNetworkAccessManager *manager = new QNetworkAccessManager(this);
QEventLoop *eventLoop = new QEventLoop();
QObject::connect(manager, SIGNAL(finished(QNetworkReply*)), eventLoop, SLOT(quit());
QByteArray replyData = reply->readAll();
... //do what you want with the data your receive from reply
Btw. don't know what are you doing. But if its a mobile app, I would recommend you switch from VS to QtCreator IDE. It has a nice simulator and a complete toolchain for mobile device testing.
share|improve this answer
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Psychophysiological interactions (PPIs) analysis is a method for investigating task-specific changes in the relationship between activity in different brain areas, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. Specifically, PPI analyses identify voxels in which activity is more related to activity in a seed region of interest (seed ROI) in a given psychological context, such as during attention or in the presence of emotive stimuli. In this tutorial, we aim to give a simple conceptual explanation of how PPI analysis works, in order to assist readers in planning and interpreting their own PPI experiments.
Original publication
Journal article
Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci
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604 - 609
Brain, Brain Mapping, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neural Pathways, Oxygen, Psychophysiology, Task Performance and Analysis


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Add a Related data custom field
The Related data custom field gives you the possibility to relate one content item to another. Then, you can make related items to be displayed as a link on the frontend.
EXAMPLE: You have a dynamic module Authors. The module will store information about different authors. Create a page where you drop the Authors widget. Open the News module and created a custom field of type Related data and Data type Authors. In the backend, when you create a news item, you see the custom field added. There you can choose an author that will be related to the news item. Then, you add the Authors field to the widget template of the News widget. When you open the site and click a news item, you will see the details of the news item and the link to the author's details.
To add a Related data custom field, perform the following:
- Perform procedure Create custom fields » Step 1 to Step 5.
- In Data type dropdown box, select the data type which you want to relate.
You can select dynamic data types, built-in data types, and pages.
For example, you can relate Events to News or Pages, or you can relate them to a dynamic type, created with the Module builder.
- In Source, select the provider where you want to store the related media items.
- Click Continue.
- Under Interface widget for uploading or selecting items, select the widget that you want to use in the backend to select the related item.
Depending on the data type, it can be a content or page selector.
- In Label input field enter the label of the selector.
This label is displayed when you create a content item in the backend.
For example, Related items.
- In Instructional text, enter instructions or explanatory text for the custom field, if needed.
- Select the This is a required field checkbox, if you want to make the custom field mandatory.
- Under Display selected items on the frontend using..., select the widget that you want to use to display the selected data type on the frontend of your site.
By default, the Simple link widget is used to display related items. When you click the link, the system take you to the default page for displaying the related data type. For more information, see Locations of content items: Canonical URLs.
For example, if you are creating a custom field for the News module that is data type Authors. The link to the author will be displayed with each news item. When you click it, the system takes you to the default page for displaying authors.
You can also use the built-in widget of the content type for which you are creating the custom data field.
For example, if you are a custom field for the News module that is data type Authors, you can use the News widget to display the authors.
- In Label input field enter the label of the link that will be displayed on the frontend.
For example, See authors details.
- Click Done.
The new field appears in Custom fields section.
If you want to delete a custom field, click.
- Click Save changes.
- Insert the custom field in the respective widget template.
For example, if you want to relate News to Author, you must insert the Authors custom field in the widget template that you use to display news items.
For more information, see Create and edit widget templates.
NOTE: When you delete an item that has related data custom field added to it, you can choose to display a warning message. This way, you can avoid breaking links from other content items or pages.
To do this, perform the following:
- Click Administration » Settings » Advanced.
- In the tree on the left, click RelatedData and select Display a warning message to prevent users from deleting items that are related to another items checkbox.
- Save your changes.


May 14, 2021
Marc Gafni: What is the Separate Self?
In this video teaching, Dr. Marc Gafni defines with his students during his annual five-day Urban Retreat in the Summer of 2010, the notion of Separate Self. What is the Separate Self? How do we know our True Self? Marc Gafni introduces and explains that each person is a skin encapsulated ego (to borrow the phrase) and needs to move beyond one's Separate Self towards one's True Self, ultimately realizing one's Unique Self.
Marc Gafni
Speak Your Mind


text:
How to find and break external links in Excel?
In Excel, we usually create some external links for some purposes, however, after finishing the specific purpose, you may want to find and break all the external links. Here I introduce you the tricks to quickly find and break external links.
You maybe interested in this utility:
- Reuse Anything: Add the most used or complex formulas, charts and anything else to your favorites, and quickly reuse them in the future.
- More than 20 text features: Extract Number from Text String; Extract or Remove Part of Texts; Convert Numbers and Currencies to English Words.
- Merge Tools: Multiple Workbooks and Sheets into One; Merge Multiple Cells/Rows/Columns Without Losing Data; Merge Duplicate Rows and Sum.
- Split Tools: Split Data into Multiple Sheets Based on Value; One Workbook to Multiple Excel, PDF or CSV Files; One Column to Multiple Columns.
- Paste Skipping Hidden/Filtered Rows; Count And Sum by Background Color; Send Personalized Emails to Multiple Recipients in Bulk.
- Super Filter: Create advanced filter schemes and apply to any sheets; Sort by week, day, frequency and more; Filter by bold, formulas, comment...
- More than 300 powerful features; Works with Office 2007-2019 and 365; Supports all languages; Easy deploying in your enterprise or organization.
If you want to find and break external links, you can apply Edit Link function.
1. Click Data > Edit Links. See screenshot:
2. In the Edit Links dialog, select a workbook that you want to break the external links, and then click Break Link. See screenshot:
3. In the popping out warning dialog box, please click the Break Links button. See screenshot:
4. Then repeat step 2 to break all external links from the whole workbook. After removing all external links, please close the Edit Links dialog box.
With above method, you will break all the external links from the same workbook, but in sometimes, you may want to break some of the external links from different worksheets, in this case, you can use Kutools for Excel's Find and Break Broken Links function to solve.
|Kutools for Excel, with more than 300 handy functions, makes your jobs more easier.|
After free installing Kutools for Excel, please do as below:
1. Click Kutools > Link > Find and Break Broken Links. See screenshot:
2. In the Find and Break Broken Links dialog, you can see all the external links are list in the dialog, and check the links you want to break and then click Break link to break all the checked links.
1. In the Find and Break Broken Links dialog, you can filter links based on linked worksheet by selecting the sheet name from the Filter dropdown list.
2. You also can view the cell in actual time when you click the link in the Find and Break Broken Links dialog after checking View cell option.
- How to split date and time from a cell to two cells in Excel?
- How to quickly add hours/minutes/second to date and time in Excel?
- How to convert hyperlinks to plain texts in Excel?


text:
Hawkins's Rail or Giant Chatham Island Rail, Diaphorapteryx hawkinsi, was a flightless extinct bird endemic to the Chatham Islands east of New Zealand. It is known to have existed only on the main islands of Chatham Island and Pitt Island. It is largely known from skeletal remains found in the kitchen middens of the original Polynesian inhabitants, the Moriori.
The bird was approximately 16 inches tall and weighed about 4.5 pounds (2.0 kg) and is thought to have been primarily an insectivore.
It was long thought that the Hawkins's Rail was extinct prior to European discovery, however recent evidence suggests that the bird may have become extinct much later. An 1895 letter belonging to financier/zoologist Lord Lionel Walter Rothschild describes the appearance, behaviour, and Moriori hunting method concerning the species.
- _URL_ Te Papa collection online - Cabalus modestus; paratype
|This Gruiformes-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|


text:
How To Create a Trigger
English | Translate this article...
Within this howto article we will use the HT_Salary table created in the How to Create a Table howto. Once we have that table created we want to ensure that salaries can only be entered within business partners that are marked as Employees and not other ones. The system must prevent us from entering salary information for business partners that are only marked as customers or vendors.
This constraint cannot be defined as a database check constraint because it requires a SQL query which is not allowed within checks. To implement this constraint a trigger must be used. A trigger is a piece of code that is executed whenever a table is modified (on INSERT, UPDATE and/or DELETE events).
The generic documentation about Triggers in Openbravo can be found here.
Adding the Trigger to Database
Triggers do not require any description within the application dictionary. They only need to be added to the database, following the DB Prefix rule that indicates which module they belong to.
Let's first add the trigger to the database and we'll comment on it afterwards. Note that the actual SQL code varies depending on the database engine used, Postgres or Oracle. Here is an example for both:
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER ht_salary_trg AFTER INSERT OR UPDATE ON ht_salary FOR EACH ROW DECLARE v_IsEmployee CHAR(1); BEGIN IF AD_isTriggerEnabled()='N' THEN RETURN; END IF; SELECT IsEmployee INTO v_IsEmployee FROM C_BPartner WHERE C_BPartner_ID = :new.C_BPartner_ID; IF v_IsEmployee = 'N' THEN RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, '_USER_@'); END IF; END ht_salary_trg;
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION ht_salary_trg() RETURNS TRIGGER AS $BODY$ DECLARE DECLARE v_IsEmployee CHAR(1); BEGIN IF AD_isTriggerEnabled()='N' THEN IF TG_OP = 'DELETE' THEN RETURN OLD; ELSE RETURN NEW; END IF; END IF; SELECT IsEmployee INTO v_IsEmployee FROM C_BPartner WHERE C_BPartner_ID = NEW.C_BPartner_ID; IF v_IsEmployee = 'N' THEN RAISE EXCEPTION '%', '_USER_@'; --OBTG:-20000-- END IF; IF TG_OP = 'DELETE' THEN RETURN OLD; ELSE RETURN NEW; END IF; END; $BODY$ LANGUAGE plpgsql; CREATE TRIGGER ht_salary_trg AFTER INSERT OR UPDATE ON ht_salary FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE ht_salary_trg();
Rough breakdown of the structure from beginning to end is:
- Trigger name The name of the trigger follows the modularity naming conventions, so if we want to include the trigger in our module for which DBprefix is HT, the trigger will start with HT. In this case its name is HT_SALARY_TRG.
- When it is executed and for which table. After the trigger name we define when the trigger is going to be executed. In this case we define that it will be raised each time there is an insertion or update on our HT_SALARY table. Notice the difference between Oracle and Postgres.
- Define variables Define the local variables you require - in this case we only need one variable to store the flag if the partner is an employee or not.
- Enable soft trigger disable. This code enables the soft trigger disable, which is used to disable all triggers in the application within a particular session in Oracle:
IF AD_isTriggerEnabled()='N' THEN RETURN; END IF;
You should use this code if you are working with PostgreSQL:
IF AD_isTriggerEnabled()='N' THEN IF TG_OP = 'DELETE' THEN RETURN OLD; ELSE RETURN NEW; END IF; END IF;
- Select if it is an employee. The following saves the flag IsEmployee to a local variable that indicates if the current record is an employee or not. Note that to get the values in the current record we can use the :New.C_BPartner_ID variable, in case it is an update (not an insert) there is also an :Old set of variables with the old values before the update takes place.
SELECT IsEmployee INTO v_IsEmployee FROM C_BPartner WHERE C_BPartner_ID = :new.C_BPartner_ID;
- Raise an error if it is not correct and rollback the transaction. Once we have the v_IsEmployee we can check whether it is employee or not, and in case it is not raise an error and abort the transaction. Note that whenever a trigger raises an error the transaction is rolled back. There is a restriction with modularity here. Oracle allows a range of error codes from -20000 to -20999 for custom message, but modules cannot define custom messages in application dictionary because they cannot follow the naming rules. So when raising an error in a trigger within a module it must use one of the existing codes (and to emphasize that no special code is used -20000 should be used always), but the message shown in the UI will not be as useful as if it were created specifically for this case.
IF v_IsEmployee = 'N' THEN RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, '_USER_@'); END IF;
- To export properly a RAISE EXCEPTION from postgresql to xml files you have to add the following comment at the end of the command; --OBTG:-20000--
RAISE EXCEPTION '%', '_USER_@' ; --OBTG:-20000--
- Return the correct version of the object in case of Postgres where a trigger consists of a function plus a trigger assignment
IF TG_OP = 'DELETE' THEN RETURN OLD; ELSE RETURN NEW; END IF;
Adding translatable message
In the trigger created above the message text shown for the user is not hardcoded but rather just a name of an Message entry from the Application Dictionary. Defining the message this way allows adding translations for the message for different languages.
Details on how to create a new Message entry can be found here.
As a short summary:
In the Application Dictionary || Message window create a new record using the following details:
- Module Openbravo Howtos as this is the module containing the constraint also.
- Search key: HT_SALARY_NOT_EMPLOYEE as this is the value we use to lookup the message in the trigger.
- Message type: Depending on the type the UI for the message box will be different (green for success, yellow for warning...), in our case we want a red error message box, so we select Error.
- Message text: It is the user friendly message that will be displayed inside the message box. So let's enter: Cannot add salary for non-employee..
Oracle vs Postgres
Writing triggers for Postgres or Oracle is somewhat different so let's describe the main differences:
- trigger's in Postgres are functions that return a trigger object associated with a table for a specific action (INSERT, UPDATE or/and DELETE). In Oracle, their definition is slightly simpler. Hence there are two CREATE statements required in Postgres (one for the function and one for assigning the function as the trigger of a table) versus one in Oracle.
- the use of NEW/OLD reserved words to reference the new record (that is being inserted or updated to) or the old one (that is being deleted or updated) is different (:NEW in Oracle vs NEW in Postgres)
- Postgres trigger function must explicitly take care of returning the trigger object, also depending on the type of the trigger (e.g. the last line is IF TG_OP = 'DELETE' THEN RETURN OLD; ELSE RETURN NEW; END IF; )
For more details on database differences, please see the following article.
Exporting Triggers as Part of the Module
Whenever application dictionary or physical database is modified, it is possible to export that information to xml files belonging to the specific module. This way you can maintain Openbravo ERP database data as source code XML files (that can then be source controlled).
To do so, execute:
This will export all artifacts of the module currently marked as In Development within the application dictionary.
For further explanations read the Development tasks document.


How to know if a file is a text file
Nobody nobody at
Sun Nov 15 19:50:55 CET 2009
On Sun, 15 Nov 2009 04:34:10 -0800, Chris Rebert wrote:
>>> I'm looking for a way to be able to load a generic file from the
>>> system and understand if he is plain text.
>>> The mimetype module has some nice methods, but for example it's not
>>> working for file without extension.
>>> Any suggestion?
>> You could use the "file" command. It's normally installed by default on
>> Unix systems, but you can get a Windows version from:
> FWIW, IIRC the heuristic 'file' uses to check whether a file is text
> or not is whether it contains any null bytes; if it does, it
> classifies it as binary (i.e. not text).
"file" provides more granularity than that, recognising many specific
formats, both text and binary.
First, it uses "magic number" checks, checking for known signature bytes
(e.g. "#!" or "JFIF") at the beginning of the file. If those checks fail
it checks for common text encodings. If those also fail, it reports "data".
Also, UTF-16-encoded text is recognised as text, even though it may
contain a high proportion of NUL bytes.
More information about the Python-list mailing list


text:
Where can I translate the 'Waiting for Customer' popup or other prompt message?
Here is how to translate a prompt:
1. Log into the AdminUI
2. Expand Organizational Profile
3. Click on Languages
4. Click on Translation Tool
5. Set the Name to: Incidents
6. Set the Area to: Quick Actions
7. Set the To to your chosen language e.g. French
8. Set Quick Actions to the appropriate Quick Action, e.g. StopClock
9. Click on Search
10. Add the translation for the $(Prompt("Enter Notes for Customer",""))
Now if they are using the appropriate Locale it will display that prompt in that language based off of what you typed in. English will still display English. You can do this for any supported language.


Project Leaf (Law Enforcement Assistance for Forests) was launched on 5 June, 2012 – on World Environment Day. It is an initiative to counter various aspects of forest crime, including corruption, illegal logging and timber trafficking. The project is a consortium led by Interpol and the United Nations Environment Programme, intended to provide a coordinated global response to organised and transnational forest sector crime. Effective forest law enforcement in countries that implement REDD+ schemes is crucial to the success of REDD+. By involving actors aiming to prevent forest crime and corruption, Project Leaf hopes to generate an improved governance platform to aid country implementation of REDD+. Project Leaf counts on development donors for financial and operational support.


Care of Mice and Rats
Chipmunks and Squirrels
How do you keep a baby mouse warm?
Top Answer
User Avatar
Wiki User
Answered 2006-12-27 23:19:28
Baby mice sleep a lot to keep their bodies worm. But you can wrap it in a blanket so it doesn't lose body temperature
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Related Questions
Can you give abandon baby mice baths?
I would never bath a baby mouse personally. If you keep it you can try it with mildly warm water when it is mature.
Can a baby mouse have water?
yes, a baby mouse can have water because when you raise them you give them warm milk and your supposed to mix water with the milk.
How do you keep a baby bird warm?
I found a baby blackbird and what i did to keep it warm was to put it into cotton wool then put it in your bra so your body heat keeps it warm.
What do toucans do to baby toucans?
they keep the baby toucans warm
Your mouse had babies and its covering them up what do you do?
she is doing that to keep them warm... Dont do anything.. let the mouse do what it is doing.
How does a female penguin keep their baby warm?
First of all the male keeps the baby penguin warm. and all the male penguin huddle together to keep there baby's warm.
What kind of environment should a baby abandoned mouse stay in?
WHAT ENVIORMENT SHOULD A BABY MOUSE STAY IN? I found a baby mouse the other day on my porch. I have a little fishtank that is empty. It has a built in light and gravel. The mouse is teeny! During the day, I keep the light on to keep it warm....... even though it acts like it doesn't like it. But at night, I turn it off. Mice DO like the dark. If it gets cold, it'll bury itself in the gravel... if it is a mouse and has that instinct. By the way, I named him RobertBob for short. : )
Why do cats heat?
Well to keep their baby warm if it is having a baby but if not then to kepp it's self warm!
Why does a mouse have thick covering of fur?
To reduce heat loss and to keep warm. :)
Why does a kangaroo carry its baby in a pouch?
to keep the baby kangaroo safe and warm
How do you keep a baby duck egg warm?
An incubator.
What do you put a baby mouse in?
If you have a baby mouse, dont put in a bathtub. Put it somewhere safe like maybe back outside. If you continue to keep this baby mouse, though, try a shoebox with tissues. That way the mouse can eat the tissues and have a comfy bed.
How do I protect baby chicks?
Keep them in a place where nothing can get in to them and keep them warm and dry.
Why do penguins keep their eggs warm?
They want to keep the baby penguin that's in it warm and if it gets too cold it will die!
What do you do if you found a injured baby mouse?
keep it warm with leaves and grass don't dive it cheese they like guiney pig food better give it a drink now and again and REMEMBER TO KEEP IT AWAY FROM CATS AND FOXES
How do baby penguins keep warm?
the fathers all huddle together and all of the baby penguin huddle in the middle so they are warm
How do you keep baby eggs warm?
Penguin baby eggs are kept warm by the father while the mother looks more food
What do you do if your mouse is congested?
Try and keep him very warm. Make sure it has plenty of water.
How do you care for a newborn mouse with no mother?
You can feed it puppy formula and keep it warm,but not overheat!
How do you keep your baby rabbits warm when they are outside?
bundle them up in a blanket or baby clothes!
How long will a baby mouse whose eyes aren't open yet live if they don't eat?
maybe a week (but to keep it alive you need to feed it warm milk from a small tube
How do you save a baby egg?
keep it warm and safe I guess
What do you have to do to care for newborn baby kittens?
stamp on them to keep them warm
How do I look after a wild baby mouse that has just been attacked and appears to have no external injuries?
keep it in a very warm environment, keep an eye out for any blood in its stool, and feed it baby soy formula every 3-4 hours during the day and twice during the night
What is the term for a baby mouse?
baby mouse.


Salary Continuation Plans
A salary continuation plan is a corporate sponsored benefit generally designed to replace an executive's income in the event of his/her death, retirement or disability. The benefit plan is exempt from ERISA and must be confined to a select group of highly compensated people. Because it is exempt from ERISA and is a non-qualified benefit, the company may decide which executives participate and the level of their benefit. For example, the CEO might have 100% of his/her salary replaced by the plan while other executives may have a smaller percentage of their income replaced. In addition, the company may have a "years of service" requirement before the executive is eligible for the benefit. This type of benefit, as opposed to a deferred compensation plan, is fully funded by the company.
A plan begins with a written agreement (Plan Document) outlining the provisions of the plan including how the participating executive qualifies for a benefit. The advantages to the company of establishing a salary continuation plan are:
 1. Its simplicity and ease of administration;
 2. They assist in the attraction and retention of key executives;
 3. They are flexible, allowing for different benefit levels and vesting schedules;
 4. With life insurance, company plan costs can be recovered.
Some of the benefits to executives are:
 1. Personal financial security;
 2. Benefit amounts can be negotiated with the employer;
 3. Acts as a supplement to the 401(k) plan for retirement.
Corporate owned life insurance (COLI) is an excellent way to fund a salary continuation death and retirement benefit. The cash value grows tax-free on the corporate balance sheet and can be used to pay the retirement benefit. An individual supplemental disability policy is then used to fund the disability benefit that cannot be funded by the group long term disability plan.


Provided by: hercules_3.07-2_i386 bug
 cckd - Hercules Compressed CKD DASD image file
 Hercules DASD image file that emulates IBM mainframe DASD devices on a
 (usually) non-mainframe platform. Specified in the Hercules
 configuration file (default name hercules.cnf) to describe the DASD
 devices Hercules is to emulate. Also specified as input and/or output
 file to several Hercules utilities. Hercules compressed DASD devices
 are frequently referred to as CCKD. Hercules uncompressed DASD devices
 are frequently referred to as CKD. Hercules CKD DASD image files are
 largely compatible with P/390 AWS DASD files.
 The following provides a technical overview of CCKD internal
 structures. Except as indicated below, data in the following
 structures is stored in the byte order indicated by the CDEVHDR.options
 CCKD_BIGENDIAN bit (the 0x02 bit). This bit is 1 when data is bigendian byte order, 0 when data is little-endian byte order.
 occupies the first 512 bytes of a CKD or CCKD DASD file. The DEVHDR
 contains the device type and the number of heads per cylinder. Its
 contents are the same whether the DASD image is compressed (CCKD) or
 not (CKD). Described by the CKDDASD_DEVHDR struct; 512 bytes in size.
 immediately follows the DEVHDR, and contains fields describing the
 number of L1ENTs in the L1TAB, the number of L2ENTs in each L2TAB, and
 anchors the free space chain. Described by the CCKDDASD_DEVHDR struct;
 512 bytes in size.
 immediately follows the CDEVHDR, and consists of L1ENT entries, each of
 which points to an L2TAB. Each L1ENT is an U32 (4 bytes) offset into
 the CCKD DASD file. The CDEVHDR numl1tab field describes how many
 L1ENTs are in the L1TAB. L1ENTs are described by the CCKD_L1ENT
 typedef; the L1TAB is of variable size. Conceptually each L1ENT
 describes cdevhdr.numl2tab tracks.
 is pointed to by an L1ENT, and is composed of L2ENT entries, the number
 of which is described by the CDEVHDR numl2tab field; currently 256
 L2ENTs in each L2TAB. L2ENTs contain the offset to the TRKHDR, and the
 combined length of the TRKHDR and (optionally) compressed track data.
 The CDEVHDR numl2tab field describes how many L2ENTs are in each L2TAB.
 Currently, there are 256 L2ENTs in each L2TAB. Described by the
 CCKD_L2ENT struct; (256 * 8) bytes in size. Conceptually each L2ENT
 describes one track.
 describes free space in the CCKD DASD image, anchored by the CDEVHDR
 free field. Consists of a 4 byte offset to the next free space (or
 zero for end of free space chain), and a 4 byte length of the free
 space (which length includes the 8 bytes occupied by the FREEBLK
 itself), followed by zero or more bytes of residual data. Described by
 the first 8 bytes of the CCKD_FREEBLK struct; 8 bytes in size.
 Occurs once at the beginning of each track. contains flag (one byte),
 CC (two bytes), and HH (two bytes) of the track. When the flag byte =
 0x00, TRKHDR is the same as the Home Address on real DASD. Flag bits
 are described in hercules.h, and are of the format nlllllcc where n=1
 for new track header format, lllll is used for track recovery purposes,
 and cc describes the track compression algorithm. The compression
 algorithms are: B'00' = uncompressed, B'01' = zlib, B'10' = bzip2,
 B'11' is currently invalid. Data in TRKHDR is stored in big-endian
 byte order. Described by the CKDDASD_TRKHDR struct; 5 bytes in size.
 COUNT field
 8 bytes, containing CC (two bytes), HH (two bytes), R (one byte), KL
 (one byte), and DL (two bytes). CC is the (relative zero) cylinder
 number. HH is the (relative zero) head number. R is the (relative
 zero) record number on the track. KL is the key length; if zero no key
 is present. DL is the length of the data record. Data in the COUNT
 field is stored in big-endian byte order. Described by the
 CKDDASD_RECHDR struct; 8 bytes in size.
 KEY field
 if present, KL bytes of record key; immediately follows the COUNT
 field. Byte order is not a factor for the KEY field; to the extent it
 is examined by Hercules code it is simply a byte stream. Size varies.
 DATA field.
 if present, DL bytes of record data; immediately follows the KEY field
 for keyed record, else immediately follows the COUNT field for unkeyed
 records. Byte order is not a factor for the DATA field; to the extent
 it is examined by Hercules code it is simply a byte stream. Size
 Count, Key, Data - contents of an track. Also refers to the Hercules
 uncompressed DASD image file.
 Compressed Count, Key, Data - compressed contents of a track. Also
 refers to the Hercules compressed DASD image file.
 Direct Access Storage Device - term the IBM mainframe world uses to
 refer to hard drives.
 End Of Track - indicated by 8X'FF' in the COUNT field.
SEE ALSO the Hercules emulator homepage. which describes
 the Hercules CCKD DASD facility. which describes
 the Hercules configuration file.
 2003-02-07 originally written by James M. Morrison
 2003-02-03 cckd(4)


text:
Spark Weaponry is a special form of fire arm that uses an unusual form of projectiles as ammunition. It is incredibly rare, being used almost exclusivly by the Derkallen. These weapons form the Dekallen's standard weapons.
Spark weaponry are unusual pieces of technology. Imperial scientists alond with the Tau are still trying to figure out how they work. Sparkguns utilise an unconventional form of projectile as ammunition. These proctiles are solid slugs much like any bullet, though they glow blue. However, once the slug comes in contact with any other solid matter it changes into energy.
What Imperial scientist have been able to figure out so far is that Sparkguns use a form of energy cell as a magazine, and it is rechargable much like a Lasgun. The energy stored is entirly different and is a form of energy that the Imperium is entirly unfamiliar with. By some eldritch science the Sparkgun takes the energy and actually converts it into a solid. This is then fired out through the barrel of the gun. When the Spark slug hits solid matter it reverts to energy, creating a tiny explosion that looks like a spark to an observer. Due to this appearance Imperial Guard have often used the slang term "Fire Crackers" in reference to these weapons.


We've been working hard to provide credible assumptions on how we work out data. Click on the underlined figures to reach their sources.
Number of people living in the UK in 2011 is 62,300,000
Number of dwellings/households in the UK in 2011 was 26,300,000
Average number of people living per household is 2.36 (population divided by households), this does not take into account roughly 15,000+ people who live on the streets in the UK.
Number of roads/streets in the UK 260,000 based on the Open Street Map project stats. This is an approximate figure.
This allows us to deduce that there are 101 dwellings on average per road in the UK (26,300,000 dwellings divided by 260,000 roads).
There are 240 people living on the average road in the UK (62,300,000 people divided by 260,000 roads).


text:
specifics of how the goal is to be satisfied is not described by the goal. This can be described through task decomposition.
Softgoals are similar to (hard) goals except that the criteria for the goal's satisfaction are not clear-cut, it is judged to be sufficiently satisfied from the point of view of the actor. The means to satisfy such goals are described via contribution links from other elements. The notion of softgoal satisfaction is described by the term satisficed meaning sufficiently satisfied. The converse is still described as denied.
The actor wants to accomplish some specific task, performed in a particular way. A description of the specifics of the task may be described by decomposing the task into further sub-elements.
The actor desires the provision of some entity, physical or informational. This type of elements assumes there are no open issues or questions concerning how the entity will be achieved.
A belief is a condition about the world that the actor holds to be true. The actual degree of truth (As indicated by evaluation labels) is influence by contributions from other beliefs. A belief is distinct from a goal in that the actor has no explicit desire to make the specified condition become true. Beliefs can effect other elements in the model via contribution links. Such links can effect other links, saying that this belief effects the effect of an element on another, or can have a direct effect on softgoals.
3.2.3 Means-Ends Links
These links indicate a relationship between an end, and a means for attaining it. The "means" is expressed in the form of a task, since the notion of task embodies how to do something, with the "end" is expressed as a goal. In the graphical notation, the arrowhead points from the means to the end.
3.2.4 Decomposition Links
A task element is linked to its component nodes by decomposition links. A task can be decomposed into four types of elements: a subgoal, a subtask, a resource, and/or a softgoal - corresponding to the four types of elements. The task can be decomposed into one to many of these elements. These elements can also be part of dependency links in Strategic Dependency model(s) when the reasoning goes beyond an actor's boundary.
- Task-Goal Decomposition: Subgoal. In this kind of decomposition it is not specified how the goal is to be achieved, allowing alternatives to be considered.
- Task-Task Decomposition: subtask. When a task is specified as a subcomponent of a (higher) task, this restricts the higher task to that particular course of action.
- Task-Resource Decomposition: resourceFor: The entity represented by the resource is not considered problematic by the actor. The main concern is whether it is available (and from whom, if it is an external dependency).
- Task SoftGoal Decomposition: softgoalFor: When a softgoal is a component in a task decomposition, it serves as a quality goal for that task, and thus guides (or restricts) the selection among alternatives in further decomposition of that and other tasks.
3.2.5 Contribution Links
A positive contribution strong enough to satisfice a softgoal.
Either a make or a help contribution, a positive contribution whose strength is unknown.
A partial positive contribution, not sufficient by itself to satisfice the softgoal.
A contribution to a softgoal whose polarity is unknown.
A negative contribution sufficient enough to deny a softgoal.
Either a break or a hurt contribution, a negative contribution whose strength is unknown.
A partial negative contribution, not sufficient by itself to deny the softgoal.
The parent is satisficed if any of the offspring are satisficed.
The parent is satisficed if all of the offspring are satisficed.
3.2.6 Strategic Rationale Example Model: Buyer Drive E-Commerce from Yu01
4. ReferencesYu01 Yu, Eric. Presentation: Strategic Actor Relationships Modelling with i*, December 13-14, 2001, IRST, Trento, Italy.
Yu95 E. Yu. Modelling Strategic Relationships for Process Reengineering Ph.D. Thesis. Dept. of Computer Science, University of Toronto. 1995.
The evolution of i* syntax, deviating from the original description in Yu95 has occurred over the course of many papers. Such work can be found in the i* Readings Roadmap.


Lime trees not responsible for bumblebee deaths
The story of dead bumblebees at the Botanics that had apparently been killed by the toxic effect of nectar from silver lime (Tilia tomentosa) has taken a new twist thanks to the experts at Bumblebee Conservation Trust. Anthony McCluskey at Bumblebee Conservation Trust has explained that the observed mass deaths may just reflect aspects of bee biology and behaviour and be nothing to do with toxic nectar. According to Anthony…
"Older papers on this subject suggest that it might be toxic nectar killing the bees, but the latest research suggests that it's because of the bees' behaviour when feeding from certain plants. Lime trees produce lots of nectar, but at times when the nectar is low (e.g. warm days, and at the end of the flowering period) the bumblebees continue to try to feed. So they waste a lot of energy doing this, and eventually become lethargic and die. For some reason, honeybees don't die like this (despite feeding on the same flowers), so it's a bit of a mystery as to why bumblebees behave this way."
 "It's hard to know whether lime trees do more harm than good. I certainly wouldn't recommend cutting them down (as some have demanded), and there is a fair chance that the bees being found dead under them are those which are prone to dying at this time of year – the older workers and males."
This agrees with my observation yesterday that a large Eucryphia 'Nymansay' near Inverleith House in the Garden was also surrounded by dead bumblebees. I find it hard to believe that two trees so attractive to bees that they can literally sound like buzzing high voltage power lines are both producing toxic nectar! It's much more plausible that dead bees are most often seen around plants that are highly attractive to bees. See the webpage at Bumblebee Conservation Trust for more information.
So the worries about silver lime seem to be unfounded and anyone with a silver lime in their garden can be proud of the service their tree is doing for local bees.
A big thank you to everyone who passed on their concern and comments via Facebook and Twitter.
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 1. Kathleen Watson
 About two/three weeks ago I came across a mass bumble bee death under a flowering hedge (privot) on Rodney Street in Edinburgh. It was the first time I had ever seen such a thing. Another lady, who was passing, said they she came across a lot of dead bumble bees just a few days earlier. Again they were found under a flowering privot hedge, this time near Meadowbank in Edinburgh. Then a few days later I read the article about the "toxic" nectar of the lime trees! I wonder if it has been worse this year or are we just noticing it because of being out and about more in the nice weather?
 2. Max Coleman
 I think this just adds further evidence to the idea that plants that attract bees are more likely to have dead bees nearby. Privet is nectar rich and sweet smelling and I would imagine highly attractive to bees.
 3. Elaine Whiteley
 I too have seen a heavy sprinkling of dead bees under what I think are silver lime trees. I could not believe that this was just a statistic of bumble bee frequency. I was so unconvinced I went looking for more information; and it seems that the chemical mechanism of bee death is already known to science and that someone has also done the statistics, counting the number of bees visiting and the number of bees dying, suggesting strongly that tilia tomentosa is not benign.
 The article I found is in the Journal of Apicultural Science, Vol. 54, No. 2, 2010 by Tadeusz Pawlikowski.
 - Max Coleman
 Elaine, many thanks for your comment and interesting you have seen the same sort of mass bumblebee death that we see here in the Garden each year. The reason I am sceptical about the poison nectar theory is that a number of plant species that are highly attractive to bumblebees have been noted as having large numbers of dead bumblebees below them in this late summer period. The ones I know of are privet and Eucryphia. I can't discount the possibility that all these unrelated plants have toxic nectar, but it would seem unlikely. It strikes me as very odd that any plant which displays insect pollination syndromes should actually poison insect pollinators. This maladapted situation would quickly be prevented by natural selection. I would not take publication in a scientific journal as evidence of proof of the toxicity theory. The biggest problem for the theory is that bumblebee life cycles are very different to honeybees. It just so happens that silver lime (Tilia tomentosa), the lime that seems to be involved in these mass deaths of bumblebees, has a flowering time that coincides with the time of year when bumblebee workers are at the end of their natural lives. Only a new generation of queen bumblebees survive the winter (in hibernation underground in most cases). All the workers of the relatively small bumblebee colonies will perish during late summer/early autumn. I think that any plant that is highly attractive to bumblebees at this time will have a disproportionate number of dead bumblebees below it, and this seems to be exactly what we observe. On that basis I would regard what has been said about silver lime nectar with great scepticism.
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text:
Exploring an organometallic redox complex for the remediation and reclamation of ionic contaminants.
Access RightsWorldwide access
MetadataShow full item record
Ion exchange for the removal of ionic contaminants is typically considered a mature technology. However, recovery of extracted contaminants in a minimal volume of secondary waste and regeneration of ion exchange materials for use in subsequent extraction cycles continue to represent significant challenges for the separation chemist. Substantial progress in overcoming these barriers has been made by employing redox-switchable organometallic complexes for the extraction and recovery of ionic contaminants. As compared with traditional ion exchange, this approach offers an alternative redox-based stripping mechanism and affords quantitative recovery of a target contaminant in a minimal volume of secondary waste. In contrast to previous redox extraction and recovery processes (R2ER) which focus on selectivity and design of an organometallic extractant, we have developed a novel redox process with potential for adaptation to any existing ion exchanger. The lipophilic metal complex Fe(η5-C5H5)(η5-(3)-1,2-C2B9H9(n-C12H25)2) has been used in combination with tetra-n-heptylammonium salts to demonstrate an improved R2ER paradigm for aqueous anions. Liquid-liquid extraction of a generic contaminant was shown to follow a traditional ion-exchange equilibrium. Subsequent recovery of the extracted contaminant as a compact solid was promoted by treatment of the water-immiscible phase with zinc powder, and the spent solvent was regenerated by treatment with an aqueous oxidant. Using this method, 100 L of industrial waste simulant can be reduced to 25 mL of secondary waste in a single reductive step. As compared to previously reported R2ER processes for anions, the new process alleviates potential stability concerns related to the presence of charge dense anions and enables efficient regeneration of a variety of counter ions in tetra-n-heptylammonium ion pairs, including NO3−, Br−, Cl−. Repeatable extraction/regeneration cycles demonstrated no loss in extraction efficiency. Extracted contaminants were recovered in yields ranging from 97% to 100%. R2ER regeneration of OH is also discussed. Liquid-liquid extraction studies demonstrating the feasibility of the approach and extension of this chemistry to a polymer-supported format is presented.


text:
While the use and size of land connected with U.S. lighthouses varies, observers say the Point Retreat lighthouse reserve near Juneau is larger than most.
Years ago, lighthouses established by the federal government were assigned a reservation. In some cases an entire island was set aside as a lighthouse reserve. In other cases, part of the island became the reserve, said Dave Snyder, a historian with the U.S. Lighthouse Society, a nonprofit historical and educational organization based in San Francisco.
U.S. Lighthouse Society President Wayne Wheeler was a navigator on the Coast Guard cutter Sweetbrier in Alaska in the 1960s. Among other duties, the crew dropped off food, mail and movies at Southeast lighthouses, including Point Retreat, every two weeks.
At 1,500 acres, Point Retreat's land base is unusual, he said.
"There's no reason for them to have that kind of acreage. If you look at other light stations around the country, there's just not that kind of acreage," Wheeler said.
The society's Washington chapter runs a lighthouse at New Dungeness on the Olympic Peninsula that includes about 20 acres. The light station at Point Bonita, Calif., was about 180 acres, he said.
Lighthouses closer to railroads or more populated areas might have included less land, while those further away, such as those in Alaska, might have included more land so the keeper would be self-sufficient, Snyder said.
As an example, a lighthouse keeper might fell trees for firewood or to build a fence. Some keepers were involved in minor commercial activities such as fishing or crabbing, Snyder said.
"In lighthouse days, there would have been minimal management," he said.
Light stations in the early 19th century also used the land to plant crops, grow vegetables and keep cows, chickens and pigs, Wheeler added.
In Alaska, the Coast Guard leased the 216-acre Cape Decision lighthouse reserve to Cape Decision Lighthouse Society in 1997, according to society President Karen Johnson of Sitka. Along with the lighthouse and other buildings, the reserve includes a 0.7-mile spur trail that provides access to the site, she said.
Part of a 4.5-mile Port McArthur historic trail also is on the reserve. The lighthouse group has collaborated with the Forest Service on trail construction, Johnson said.
As with the land around the Point Retreat lighthouse reserve, the land adjacent to Cape Decision on southern Kuiu Island is managed for semi-remote recreation by the Forest Service. The designation provides a predominantly natural setting for semi-primitive recreation with some rustic recreation and tourism facilities allowed, according to the agency.
The Cape St. Elias lighthouse is on Kayak Island between Cordova and Yakutat. The island is 22 miles long by 2 miles wide, and the Cape St. Elias Lightkeepers' Association lease with the Coast Guard includes about 500 acres, President Toni Bocci said.
"It's sheer rock that goes up 1,500 feet that you can't do anything with. The lighthouse is on the tip," she said.
The association's main focus is restoring the lighthouse building, a task made more difficult because of the site's location, Bocci said.
"Ours is more remote than some of the other ones," she said. "You have to charter a plane, land on the beach and hike two miles, carrying everything on your back."
Closer to Juneau, the Sentinel Island Lighthouse, which can be seen from Amalga Harbor, is on six forested acres.
The Five Finger Light sits on a "three-acre rock" 64 miles south of Juneau, according to Valerie O'Hare of the Juneau Lighthouse Association. What a land transfer at Point Retreat could mean to other Alaska lighthouses will depend on what happens next, she said.
"What's going to affect us is what they do after," she said. "With that being said, we hope that whatever they do is not only done in the best interest of Point Retreat, but done within the best interest of the entire lighthouse program in Alaska."
Juneau Empire ©2013. All Rights Reserved.


text:
How to Change the Admin Password in Asset Manager
To change the Admin password, perform the following steps:
- Go to the Admin Console.
- Click on the Security tab in the left column and then click on Users.
- In the column to the right of the Security tab, click on the user named, "admin".
- In the "User Information" field, type the new password in the Password and Confirm Password fields. (**Remember the new password!!**)
- Click the Save Changes button.


Standard Auto
Standard Auto,
Standard Auto Meanings:
 1. Car insurance for the average driver with relatively few accidents in life
Literal Meanings of Standard Auto
Meanings of Standard:
 1. A measure of quality or performance.
 2. An idea or thing that is used as a reference, standard or model in benchmarking.
 3. A popular melody or song.
 4. Military or formal flags are hoisted on poles or waved on ropes.
 5. A tree or shrub that grows taller on a vertical trunk.
 6. Vertical piping for water or gas.
 7. Used or accepted as normal or medium.
 8. (From a tree or shrub) that grows on a full, upright trunk.
Sentences of Standard
 1. The restaurant offers a high quality service
 2. Low wages by today's standards
 3. Many songs were sung in Western countries in the form of jazz and pop kiss Nova standards.
 4. Sir Marcus Versley paid tribute to the Queen Mother and members of the Malton and Norton branches of the British Royal Legion raised flags.
 5. Regular tax rate
 6. Standard waves are useful in situations where direct altitude is required.
Synonyms of Standard
ordinary, traditional, set, usual, banderole, conventional, quality, paradigm, specification, requirement, expected, exemplar, fixed, colours, gauge, typical, ideal, principle, law, customary, archetype, quotidian, benchmark, criterion, pattern
Meanings of Auto:
 1. A basket
 2. Summary for Automatic (which means name 3)
Synonyms of Auto
machine, automobile, motor


text:
Definitions of vestry
n. - A room appendant to a church, in which sacerdotal vestments and sacred utensils are sometimes kept, and where meetings for worship or parish business are held; a sacristy; -- formerly called revestiary. 2
n. - A parochial assembly; an assembly of persons who manage parochial affairs; -- so called because usually held in a vestry. 2
n. - A body, composed of wardens and vestrymen, chosen annually by a parish to manage its temporal concerns. 2
The word "vestry" uses 6 letters: E R S T V Y.
No direct anagrams for vestry found in this word list.
Adding one letter to vestry does not form any other word in this word list.
Shorter words found within vestry:
er ers erst es et re res rest ret rets rev revs rye ryes ser set stey sty stye trey treys try tye tyer tyers tyes tyre tyres verst vert verts very vest vet vets ye yes yet
List shorter words within vestry, sorted by length
All words formed from vestry by changing one letter
Browse words starting with vestry by next letter


text:
1. Generally, we suggest you set the temp which is 4℃-5℃ higher than room temp.
2. Set mid or low fan speed can make room become warm evenly.
3. Set the blade downward, then the warm air will go from down to up.
4. There will be a defrost prcess, when running in winter, this process will last approx 10 mins, during defrost process,the unit will stop running.
5. When you start the Air con in winter, the indoor unit's start will delay 3 mins.
6. When you stop the Air con, the indoor unit will continue blowing, until the afterheat is exhausted.


text:
Claim: The word "shit" comes from an acronym for "Ship High in Transit."
[Collected on the Internet, 2002]
History in the making!!!!
Fabulous bit of historical knowledge: Ever wonder where the word shit comes from … well here it is
Certain types of manure used to be transported (as everything was back then) by ship … well in dry form it weighs a lot less, but once water (at sea) hit it, it not only became heavier, but the process of fermentation began again, and one of the by products is methane
Bet you didn't know that one.
[Collected on the Internet, 1999]
In the 1800's, cow pie's were collected on the prairie and boxed and loaded on steam ships to burn instead of wood. Wood was not only hard to find, but heavy to move around and store.
When the boxes of cow pie's were in the sun for days on board the ships, they would smell bad. So when the manure was boxed up, they stamped the outside of the box,
When people came aboard the ship and said,"Oh what is that smell!" They were told it was shit.
That is where the saying came
Origins: This sorry piece of codswallop
about exploding ships appears to have begun its Internet life in February 2002. Its cousin, the "bad smelling steamship fuel" tale (second example quoted above) began its online life as an April 1999 post to the USENET discussion list rec.humor. Akin to the faux etymology of the word
We could launch into a long, involved discussion of ancient shipping practices, methane production and properties, and Internet leg-pulls, but we'll spare you all that, as the fanciful stories listed can easily be debunked as the product of someone's wild imaginings through linguistic means.
The word shit entered the modern English language via having been derived from the Old English nouns scite and
the Middle Low German schite, both meaning "dung," and the Old English noun scitte, meaning "diarrhea." Our most
treasured cuss word has been with us a long time, showing up in written works both as a noun and as a verb as far back as the
Scite can trace its roots back to the proto-Germanic root skit-, which brought us the German scheisse, Dutch schijten, Swedish skita, and Danish skide. Skitcomes from the Indo-European root skheidfor "split, divide, separate," thus shit is distantly related to schism and schist. (If you're wondering what a verb root for the act of separating one thing from another would have to do with excrement, it was in the sense of the body's eliminating its waste — "separating" from it, so to speak. Sort of the opposite of today's "getting one's shit together.")
Barbara "shit disturber" Mikkelson
Last updated: 8 July 2007


text:
Informz can work directly with clients that have admin permissions in MemberSuite. Because Informz uses the MemberSuite SOAP API, no additional configuration is needed from MemberSuite.
There are four required steps to connect Informz and MemberSuite. In MemberSuite, you'll need to:
- Create an API User
- Create an Access Key for the API User
- Capture the Access Key
- Capture the Association ID and Enable API Access from the Association Settings
*Log in to MemberSuite as an Admin User in order to complete the steps below
1) Creating An API User
- Navigate to Setup > Security > Manage Users
- Select Create a New User in the User Tasks column on the right
- Populate the user information for the new API user. Check the Is API User checkbox.
- Click Save to save the new user
2) Create an Access Key for the API User
- Navigate to the Manager Users page and click the Magnifying Glass icon for the newly created API user
- From the What Would You Like To Do? list, select Create an Access Key
3) Capture the Access Key
- Expand the Show Access Key section and copy the Access Key ID and Secret Access Key from the resulting window. Make note of these keys (paste them into an application, such as Notepad, so that they can later be pasted into Informz).
4) Capture the Association ID and Enable API Access from the Association Settings
- Navigate to Setup > General Setup > Association Settings.
- Find the Association ID and copy it. As above make note of this ID (paste it into an application, such as Notepad, so that it can later be pasted into Informz).
- Check the Enable API Access checkbox and then Save the changes.


fbpx MEMO Timer | Abilia Skip to main content
MEMO Timer
MEMO Timer gives a visual representation of time, making something which otherwise is invisible, visible! Time is an abstract concept so learning it can be difficult for many people, when someone says half an hour, what does that mean? How do we feel that half an hour has passed? MEMO Timer allows you to get a quick and easy visual track of the time, allowing it to become accessible.
MEMO Timer displays the time as LED's that go out as the time passes, when the timer is finished the display LEDs will flash; this can be accompanied by an auditory signal or a tactile vibrate option.
MEMO Timer is waterproof so it can be used in the bathroom or outside, whatever the weather.
MEMO Timer is available in four versions:
MEMO Timer 8 shows time in 2, 4, 6, 8 minutes (art.no 500150)
MEMO Timer 20 shows time in 5, 10, 15, 20 minutes (art.no 500155)
MEMO Timer 60 shows time in 15, 30, 45, 60 minutes (art.no 500160)
MEMO Timer 80 shows time in 20, 40, 60, 80 minutes (art.no 500165)
The product is marketed as a technical aid class I for people with disabilities and complies with Regulation (EU) 2017/745 - MDR
MEMO Timer - Video


text:
Aggies for decades have considered the tree famous. Now, the Texas Forest Service (TFS) agrees that the "Century Tree" in the heart of the Texas A&M University campus warrants "Famous Tree of Texas" designation.
Better known on campus as the "Century Tree," the stately live oak dominates a large section of Texas A&M's Academic Plaza where one of the campus' most identifiable landmark buildings also stands.
No one knows exactly how old the tree is, but consensus is that it dates back to about 1900 — not too long after the 1876 opening of Texas A&M as the state's first public institution of higher learning. Many of its branches have grown so long and become so heavy that they now rest on the ground.
The Century Tree has extra special meaning to hundreds of Aggies who over decades have proposed to their fiancés in the pathway that runs between some of its drooping branches. More often than not, the young man proposing to his bride-to-be is a member of the Corps of Cadets.
The "Famous Tree of Texas" designation is reserved for "an elite group of trees that have 'witnessed exciting times in Texas frontier history' and are alive today," Gretchen Riley, the program's coordinator, said in a letter notifying Texas A&M President R. Bowen Loftin of the campus tree's inclusion in the select list.
Riley, staff forester for the Texas Forest Service, which is a member of The Texas A&M University System, explained that TFS initially included 87 "famous trees" in a book published in 1970.
"Sadly, Texas has lost many of these historic trees to the ravages of time," she noted "Only 56 remain."
The Century Tree is one of only three trees added to the registry in the past 40 years, Riley said. She added it is the only formally designated "Famous Tree of Texas" located in the heart of a campus but pointed out that another, dubbed the "Kissing Oak," is on land owned and utilized by Texas State University in San Marcos.
Riley said photos and information about the trees in the TFS registry can be accessed at _URL_, with a picture of the Century Tree and its story soon to be added.
Although the Century Tree is the only tree on the Texas A&M campus with formal TFS designation, there are scores of others with special meanings to Aggies and family members and friends of deceased former students. Twelve live oaks have been plants along a thoroughfare near the Bonfire Memorial to honor the memories of the 12 Aggies who died as a result of the collapse of the bonfire stack during construction in 1999. Also, the university's main drill field has traditionally been encircled by live oaks planted in memory of the 53 Aggies who died in combat during World War I. They were planted 90 years ago and, in 2008 university personnel replaced 25 that had died over a period of several years.
In all, more than 10,000 trees grace Texas A&M's 5,200-acre campus — one of the largest campuses in the nation.


Certified Computer Fundamentals MS Office Professional Learning Resources Move an image
Learning Resources
Move an image
Examples of moving handles
Moving handles for different types of graphics:
Callout 1 An image "from file."
Callout 2 The drawing canvas with a drawing on it.
As with resizing, the same basic principle applies to moving most types of graphics: You select the image, and then drag it into position.
Unlike resizing, there are some minor variations, depending on the type of graphic:
 - For images on the drawing canvas, you can move both the drawing canvas and the image. Position the pointer over the image or over the border of the drawing canvas (if the drawing canvas isn't visible, click the image and it will appear). When the four-headed arrow Pointer image appears, you can drag the image or the drawing canvas.
 - For images not on the drawing canvas, the four-headed arrow does not appear. However, as soon as you begin to drag the image, a small box Pointer and move box appears next to the pointer and a special insertion point appears on the same line of text as the pointer to help guide your positioning. This is especially helpful if you're positioning an image near or inside text, as you'll see in the following section.
 - For diagrams (including organization charts), you need to select the diagram, and then position the pointer over the its border. When the four-headed arrow Pointer image appears, you can drag the diagram.


text:
The Use of Negative Pressure in Medicine
Pressure is considered negative if it is below the standard atmospheric pressure, i.e. one atmosphere (1 atm). Negative pressure could occur naturally in few occasions such as out space, but it also could be deliberately inducted for the use of human. One of these uses is for medical purposes. The history of negative pressure use in health and disease management draws back to the establishment of the Chinese traditional medicine and continued to develop till the contemporary medical advances. In this review, the author aimed to elaborate the history and advancement in the usage of negative pressure in health aspects and classify the different modalities of negative pressure incorporated in treatment management and clinical trials.


January 2006
The Second Rockdale Math Competition
The second competition should have taken place in January 2005.
Unfortunately, a severe ice storm hit the area the night before the competition was to take place. Due to other conflicts, it could not be rescheduled until the following January.
Once again, middle and high schools were invited to send unlimited numbers of students to compete in subject-specific levels: Pre-Algebra, Algebra I, Geometry, Algebra II, and Comprehensive. The Competition involved a 30-problem, written multiple-choice test and four rounds of five-problem ciphering.
For the competition papers, click here...
Trophies were awarded to the top 3 teams in each subject level per classification, and the top 15 individuals were recognized with a trophy. Additionally, the first place winner received a graphing calculator. The Pre-Algebra, Algebra I, and Geometry winners received TI-83s, and the Algebra II and Comprehensive winners received TI-89s. Listed here are all team rankings per subject level and the top 15 individual winners in each category.


text:
Dwarf Soldiers form the dwarfs' army. They are quite strong fighters and know how to make use of the complex terrain very well. Due to their shortness they can use passages through the mountains where nobody can follow them and attack with their crossbows from hiding-places where nobody expects them.
Dwarf Soldiers have 135 hitpoints. They are strong against earth damage. On the other hand, they are weak against death and fire damage. It takes 360 mana to summon or convince these creatures.
Dwarf Soldiers yield 70 experience points. They carry bolts, gold coins, shovels, soldier helmets, white mushrooms and sometimes other items with them.


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Forensic Accountant in Rosemont, CA
Find Forensic Accountants in Rosemont
Common questions about Forensic Accountant in Rosemont, CA
Just how much does forensic accounting cost nearby Rosemont?
Just how much do forensic accountants cost? That depends upon the complexity of the work however most forensic accountants require a deposit of $3,000.00 to $5,000.00 to begin.
Why do you need a forensic accountant nearby Rosemont, California?
Forensic accounting is making use of accounting skills to investigate scams, embezzlement and other abnormalities hidden as financial deals. While the tasks of forensic accountants generally lead them to examine and evaluate, they might likewise be called upon to work as expert witnesses in court.
How do you become a forensic accountant nearby Rosemont?
Steps for Becoming a Forensic AccountantAttend a degree program and/or gain experience in an associated field. * Take and pass the Uniform Certified Public Accountant (CPA) Examination. ** Apply for an employment opportunity as a forensic accountant.Complete an interview.Get employed as a forensic accountant.
Are forensic accountants in demand nearby Rosemont, CA?
The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) forecasts 13% job development for accountants and auditors by 2022. The growth of all forensic accounting jobs must correspond with this rate, if not surpass it due increasing monetary regulations, with some estimates forecasting a 20% development in need for investigative auditors.
What do forensic accountants try to find around Rosemont?
Forensic Accountants combine their accounting, auditing, and investigative abilities to search for and discover details relating to monetary irregularities, deceptive activity, and commercial neglect.
Who can be a forensic accountant near Rosemont, CA?
Forensic accountants are accountants that integrate basic accounting knowledge with investigative skills in several settings. These kinds of accountants can be employed by public and private accounting companies, police, personal companies, financial institutions, and government companies.
Is auditing forensic accounting in Rosemont, CA?
Forensic Accounting– Financial/Fraud Investigation A forensic audit is more including than a financial statement audit in regards to assessing the entity's internal control structure and recognition of alleged fraudulent activity or abnormalities.
Who does forensic audits around Rosemont, CA?
A forensic audit is an assessment and examination of a company's or specific's financial records to obtain evidence that can be utilized in a legal action. A forensic audit may be performed to prosecute a celebration for scams, embezzlement, or another criminal behavior.
Forensic Accountant in Rosemont CA
About Forensic Accountant
Zip Codes
95826 95827
About Rosemont, California
Service Type
Forensic Accountant
Provider Name
411 Accountant,Rosemont, CaliforniaRosemont CA
Forensic Accountant in Rosemont CA


text:
Spanish and Scottish researchers have added wool fibres to the clay material used to make bricks and combined these with an alginate, a natural polymer extracted from seaweed. The result is bricks that are stronger and more environmentally-friendly, according to the study published recently in the journal Construction and Building Materials.
"The objective was to produce bricks reinforced with wool and to obtain a composite that was more sustainable, non-toxic, using abundant local materials, and that would mechanically improve the bricks' strength," Carmen Galán and Carlos Rivera, authors of the study and researchers at the Schools of Architecture in the Universities of Seville (Spain) and Strathclyde (Glasgow, United Kingdom), said.
The wool fibres were added to the clay material used in the bricks, using alginate conglomerate, a natural polymer found in the cell walls of seaweed. The mechanical tests carried out showed the compound to be 37% stronger than other bricks made using unfired stabilised earth.
The study, which has been recently published in the journal Construction and Building Materials, was the result of close collaboration between the British and Spanish universities. The clay-based soils were provided by brick manufacturers in Scotland, which was also the source of the wool, since the local textile industry cannot use everything it produces. "The aim was to produce a material suitable for adverse climatic conditions, such as the specific ones in the United Kingdom," the authors explain.
Advantages of environmentally-friendly bricks
The researchers studied the effect of reinforcing various soil types with sheep's wool, and arrived at various conclusions. "These fibres improve the strength of compressed bricks, reduce the formation of fissures and deformities as a result of contraction, reduce drying time and increase the bricks' resistance to flexion."
This piece of research is one of the initiatives involved in efforts to promote the development of increasingly sustainable construction materials. These kinds of bricks can be manufactured without firing, which contributes to energy savings. According to the authors: "This is a more sustainable and healthy alternative to conventional building materials such as baked earth bricks and concrete blocks."
Untreated clay was one of the earliest building materials to be used by humankind. The oldest examples of this can be found in houses in the Near East dating from between 11,000 and 12,000 years ago. Earthy material mixed with plants and pebbles to make them stronger has also been found in certain archaeological deposits from 1400BCE in Sardinia (Italy).
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|improve this answer
Here are two examples I think are interesting.
1) A ladder that is leaning against a wall starts slipping down. If the point where the ladder touches the ground (draw your own picture) is moving away from the wall at a constant rate, is the point where the ladder touches the wall falling at a constant rate? People may reasonably think that because the ladder is "rigid" the answer should be yes.
Differentiating $x^2 + y^2 = L$ (where $L$ is the length of the ladder, a constant) shows $dx/dt$ being constant certainly doesn't make $dy/dt$ constant, and in fact since $dy/dt = -x(dx/dt)/\sqrt{L-x^2}$ we see that as $x$ increases (while being less than $L$) and $dx/dt$ is fixed the point where the ladder touches the wall is dropping faster and faster. Some students may even say that from their experience or physical intuition this actually makes sense, which raises the question of whether this is truly a physical phenomenon or a purely mathematical one that has been revealed from calculus.
2) There is a gas is in a chamber with a flexible wall (so the chamber can expand or contract, e.g., a piston is at one end). According to the chemists, if we maintain the gas at a constant temperature while increasing or decreasing the size of the chamber then the pressure $P$ and volume $V$ satisfy the relation $PV$ = constant. (I am thinking of the ideal gas law $PV = nRT$, where $n$ and $T$ don't change.) One aspect of this equation which is obvious is that as the volume goes up/down, the pressure goes down/up. Question: If we decrease the volume at a constant rate, does the pressure increase at a constant rate, and more precisely at the rate which is the reciprocal of the rate at which the volume is going down? I think it's quite natural for people to make a snap judgement that if $dV/dt = -4$ then $dP/dt = 1/4$ because $PV$ is constant, but of course the product rule shows this is wrong, and moreover if $dV/dt$ is constant then $dP/dt$ is definitely not constant.
It's perhaps worth first discussing a situation where such intuition is right, namely where the sum of two variables is fixed, rather than the product. Find your own example where two variables $x$ and $y$ satisfy $x+y$ = constant. Then $dx/dt = -dy/dt$, which makes a lot of sense: the rate at which one goes up is exactly "opposite" to the rate at which the other goes down. But when the product is constant this is completely incorrect.
share|improve this answer
I concur with your first sentence! – Frank Thorne Dec 11 '11 at 14:14
So in fact the ( ideal) ladder hits the ground with infinite velocity! I guess that in the real world the top of the ladder slightly pulls away from the wall. – Aaron Meyerowitz May 22 '13 at 13:45
Here's something you could try, based on a passage from Richard Feynman's "Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman!":
Assume a constant flow rate, and see whether your students can be guided to a solution. You might try a warm-up problem, where you pour water into a non-cylindrical glass (a martini glass, or something more weirdly shaped) and try to determine how quickly the level rises, as a function of cross-sectional area.
share|improve this answer
I was actually looking at that same quote quite recently, and musing that I actually don't know what makes water running out of a faucet grow narrower. What is the physical principle I should be using to guide the math? – Sridhar Ramesh Dec 10 '11 at 18:31
Think of the flow as measured at a horizontal cross-section as the amount of water that passes through the cross-section per second. If the flow is uniform, this is the same at every cross-section, and in that case the area of water at that cross-section is inversely proportional to the velocity at that cross-section. – Todd Trimble Dec 10 '11 at 19:17
Hm... why is the "flow", in this particular sense, uniform? I mean, surely if I were to keep pumping a load of solid bricks into a pipe at a constant rate, ending in a vertical drop, the bricks, when dropping, would simply fall straight down, not attempting to contract inwards to maintain a uniform "flow" as they accelerate. (I may be completely missing something still) – Sridhar Ramesh Dec 11 '11 at 9:59
Sorry, Sridhar, I didn't mean to be glib. I'm afraid I don't have a really good answer, but I suspect the answer has something to do with the near-incompressibility of water: it maintains a very nearly constant density when in its liquid state. For a stream of bricks falling, bricks that were initially close together begin to separate: the velocity vector field has non-zero divergence. Whereas the velocity vector field of an incompressible fluid in steady flow has zero divergence. See e.g. Feynman Lectures in Physics, vol. II, section 40. But I don't know why water is incompressible! – Todd Trimble Dec 11 '11 at 21:41
And the surface tension of water keeps the cross section (approximately) circular. – Lubin May 22 '13 at 13:24
The following example is contrived, but I created it with the same frustration at the boring and repetitive nature of most related rates problems. Since I found this MO question by doing a google search for a "really interesting related rates problem," I'm recording this here for other instructors looking for juicier problems.
Question: What is the rate of change of the width of a shadow as you walk away from a street lamp considered as a point light source which is higher than your head? You can model yourself as a rectangle is you'd like!
The answer to this question was surprising to me. You can also ask for the rate of change of the trapezoidal shadow's area.
share|improve this answer
I don't know if it's obvious or nobody was motivated to work though the example, but the surprising thing to me is that the width of the shadow doesn't change! – Jim Conant Oct 29 '14 at 11:55
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text:
Binary package "empire" in ubuntu maverick
the war game of the century
Empire is a console game simulation of a full-scale war between two
emperors, the computer and you. Naturally, there is only room for
one, so the object of the game is to destroy the other.
The world on which the game takes place is a square rectangle containing
cities, land, and water. Cities are used to build armies, planes, and
ships which can move across the world destroying enemy pieces, exploring,
and capturing more cities.
The classic game from the 1980s uses text mode graphical output, drawing
your units, cities and the world in color. Commands are issued using