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Print LCM of Two Integers in Python
Computations and programming when combined make a very deadly combination. As the ability to solve complex mathematical questions in itself is a great deal. But when one has to do the same thing by writing up a code, things get somewhat more complicated. Not to mention the language your coding in also determines whether it's going to be easy to difficult. So today we're going to write a program to print LCM of Two Integers in Python.
What's The Approach?
- Let us consider a and b to be the two Integers to find LCM of.
- Firstly we'll find the gcd of these two numbers, i.e, using a condition where if
abecomes zero we'll return
belse we'll recursively
return b % a, a
- Next, we'll return multiplication of a with gcd of two numbers, and again multiply it with b. The returned value will be our LCM.
Also Read: Print Cube Root of A Number in Java
Python Program To Print LCM of Two Integers
a = 15, b = 20
LCM of 15 and 20 is 60
# Python program to find LCM of two numbers # Recursive function to return gcd of a and b def gcd(a,b): if a == 0: return b return gcd(b % a, a) # Function to return LCM of two numbers def lcm(a,b): return (a / gcd(a,b))* b # Driver program to test above function a = 15 b = 20 print('LCM of', a, 'and', b, 'is', lcm(a, b))


70% of the Iranian youth surf internet illegally
Meet Hackers
Iranian government has announced in a report that 23.5 million youth is using web in Iran and among 69.3 percent are using vpn's and proxies to access the global internet.Presently citizen of Iran is often facing firewall when trying to access websites that doesn't meet Iranian government internet censorship policy.In Iran using vpn is illegal and is violating the governement law,which can lead user for punishment.
excluding to this,Iran has a policy of filtering online content which leaves major and famous websites like "facebook "twitter" "youtube",iranian cannot access these websites without using vpn or proxies.
according to the filtering advocates of Iran,Internet censorship in Iran helps to protect people from immoral content,such pornographic websites and other content.but with the use of vpn major citizen of iran is able to breaks down the restrictions.
last month Iran permit 3g mobile internet licenses for two Iranian companies which was considered the first step towards providing easier internet access on Iran,
but with filtering policy Iranian government are also accused of deliberately slowing the internet which makes Iranian users difficult to access on non-restricted websites.The 3g permit granting caused controversy with some of the country's officials who said video calls functions on smartphones could open youngsters to dubious content.
later on The ministry of telecommunication,technology and information said that video calling wont be available until and unless skype or facetime and any other video calling service being accessible on normal internet connections.
meet hackers


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Studies on some raw material characteristics in different Swedish apple varieties
Publikation/Tidskrift/Serie: Journal of Food Engineering
Some raw material characteristics were evaluated in three apple varieties cultivated in Southern Sweden, namely Kim, Mutsu and Jonagold. The study was undertaken to collect information in order to identify the effects of initial tissue properties on mass transport phenomena in general, and osmotic processing responses in particular. The texture profile analysis revealed cortex anisotropy of the three apple varieties studied. The porosity and bulk density varied depending on the sampling location within the apple. More specifically, in each variety the bulk density increased by about 10% on going from the skin to the core of the apple, while the porosity decreased by about 50-60% from the skin to the core of the apple. Experiments to evaluate the tissue pore accessibility, performed by immersion in apple juice, showed that for the agitation levels used in osmotic processing the Kim apple variety had the lowest pore accessibility. Following a simple analysis of the pore accessibility experiments it was inferred that, irrespective of the dominating mechanism driving the osmotic medium into the pores of apple tissue, the pore penetration of the osmotic medium alone cannot explain the extent and the speed of solids uptake during osmotic processing. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
- Mass transfer
- Tissue structure
- Osmotic dehydration
- Bulk density
- ISSN: 0260-8774

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Double document shared word diagrams
Double Document Shared Word Diagrams compare and contrast two documents by showing both the unique and shared vocabulary and its distribution across the two documents of interest. The two columns of squares represent the two documents. The leftmost column of word circles shows the highest frequency non-trivial words found in document 1 but not document 2. The rightmost column of word circles shows those words unique to 2 and the central column shows the words that are common to both.You can also input your text and generate your own visualisation.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


SCR Catalyst Testing
SCR Catalyst Testing in progressSCR catalyst testing is a required first step in devising an effective catalyst management strategy. Pilot testing and audits of SCR catalyst activity though laboratory analysis of catalyst samples can provide insight into methods for extending catalyst life.
Our in-house laboratories perform SCR catalyst testing and analysis to determine catalyst deactivation rates and provide corrective measures for system optimization.
How CORMETECH Measures SCR Catalytic Activity And Potential
Analysis objective
SCR Catalyst Activity Test Determine the catalyst activity under specific plant or standard conditions through the use of representative-size catalyst samples. Metrics include the catalyst SO2/SO3 conversion rate, pressure drop, initial activity (K0) and actual activity (K).
Physical Properties Test Evaluate physical properties of the catalyst such as its surface area (BET - Brunauer-Emmett-Teller Test) and porosity (or pore volume).
Chemical Composition Test Chemical Composition Test: Evaluate the impact of coal and ash properties on the catalyst and its performance by measuring the catalyst's chemical composition using quantitative and Semi-quantitative X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy analysis:
 - The XRF-Quantitative analysis is primarily used for manufacturing control and finished product quality assurance. This analysis ensures that manufacturing specifications of the elemental composition for the catalytic metals are met. Carefully-prepared sets of analytical standards, composed of the metals in the actual matrix to be analyzed, are used to set the calibration for these measurements.
 - XRF-Semi-quantitative analysis measures approximately 40 other elements to detect changes in surface and bulk chemical composition as the catalyst is exposed to flue gas.
Our testing program includes collection and compilation of field performance data, such as NOx levels, removal efficiency, ammonia-in-ash levels, operational data, and the like. CORMETECH also takes samples of SCR catalyst removed from the field and tests them in its laboratory to assess the catalytic potential against initial design requirements. These tests are done at either standard conditions (single-layer; MR=1), or at actual field conditions (multi-layer; field MR), and often at both conditions to ensure accurate evaluation of the test results. These tests, along with available fuel impact tests (FIELD GUIDE™), provide users current data to assess SCR catalyst system performance. This approach gives users added operational flexibility by analyzing a wide range of catalyst management "what-if" scenarios.
CORMETECH's testing equipment is state-of-the-art and methods are fully conforming to the SCR industry's best practices and VGB guidelines.


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Primary indicators () show you in a person or company record in Daylite which address data (phone number, e-mail address or postal address) is used by default, for example when you call a contact, send an e-mail or create an estimate in Daylite.
The primary indicators can be found for the address, email, and phone numbers of contacts and are divided into three levels:
= Entry is primary
= Entry is secondary (only possible for telephone numbers)
= Entry is not primary or secondary for telephone numbers
Set addresses as primary
For setting a postal address or e-mail address of a person or company data record as primary, click on the grey star. The selected address will now be saved as the primary address used and will be displayed first.
There are two ways to set primary phone numbers:
1. set secondary number primary
Click on the star next to the secondary phone number to set it to primary. The primary phone number is now saved as the secondary phone number.
2. set other number primary
For phone numbers that are not secondary you have the possibility to set them to primary or secondary after clicking on the star.
Disable primary counters
You can deactivate the function of the primary indicators via the Daylite menu bar -> Plugins -> PluginCenter -> Hide Primary Indicators in Edit Card. Afterwards you have to restart Daylite once to make the changes visible.
Take a look at this article to learn how to set addresses and phone numbers as primary:
How do I set a phone number or address as primary?


How is sacred sexuality and the Divine Feminine Awakening happening on the planet affecting women in business? The following video addresses the connection between the trinity of sacred sexuality, spirituality, and business connected through the Divine Feminine:
Sacred Sexuality and the Divine Feminine Awakening in Business
How does the Divine Feminine impact yourself as an entrepreneur?
How does sacred sexuality and Twin Flame impact your biz?
Dr Amanda Noelle


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I'm trying to figure out whether an alarm clock 吵醒我， or 叫醒我。 I'd like to say the sentence my alarm clock woke me up at 5:30 today my translation so far is 今天早上五点半， 我手机的闹钟叫醒了我。 Can 叫醒 be done by inanimate objects? Is this construction used in chinese?
share|improve this question
2 Answers 2
up vote 16 down vote accepted
Yes, that is fine; it is quite common to use 叫醒 with alarms.
In fact you can use both 吵醒 and 叫醒 here, although there's a small difference in connotations. It isn't a very strong distinction though, so you needn't be overly concerned.
Anyway, 叫醒 normally means the action was intended to wake you. In contrast 吵醒 carries the sense that being woken up is unplanned or unwanted, i.e. some noise woke you (implying you aren't happy about it). For example, if your neighbours' alarm woke you, you'd normally use 吵醒. If the hotel's morning call woke you, that's normally 叫醒.
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Great explanation. – deutschZuid Jul 20 '14 at 22:13
Would this be a better translation of the entire sentence: 今天早上五点半我被手机闹钟叫醒了。? IE use 被 to say I was woken BY the alarm? – Daniel Howard Jul 21 '14 at 15:55
_USER_ yes, that flows better imho – Semaphore Jul 21 '14 at 16:45
Is depend how you what to tell others on the clock. If you set the alarm and you like to tell your friend about it, and you mentioned
I need alarm to wake me up then use '叫醒' You not intend to wake up but someone accidentally turn on alarm for you then you use '吵醒'
'叫醒' use when you need someone to wake you
'吵醒' use it when you don't intend wake up but someone/something disturb your sleep.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


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This paper makes two contributions to the empirical literature on agglomeration economies. First, the paper uses a unique and rich database in conjunction with mapping software to measure the geographic extent of agglomerative externalities. Previous papers have been forced to assume that agglomeration economies are club goods that operate at a metropolitan scale. Second, the paper tests for the existence of organizational agglomeration economies of the kind studied qualitatively by Saxenian (1994). This is a potentially important source of increasing returns that previous empirical work has not considered. Results indicate that localization economies attenuate rapidly and that industrial organization affects the benefits of agglomeration.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Social Sciences (miscellaneous)
- Economics and Econometrics


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Open or Save PDF
files in Netscape
When a file in.PDF format ( the adobe acrobat format), is attached, it does not display
when the Netscape browser is used. (It will display using Internet Explorer). So, to
access a file in.PDF format when using Netscape do the following:
1. With the cursor over the file, right click on the mouse.
2. The menu shown here will appear. Select "Save Link As".
3. When "Save Link As" is selected, the "Save As" dialog box will
4. Select the path where the file should be saved (H: drive, C: drive, etc.) and click on
the "Save" button at the bottom right hand side of the box.
5. Using Windows Explorer or the "My Computer" function in windows, select
(double click) the file that was downloaded and it will launch in Adobe Acrobat.
TO AVOID THIS TROUBLE, USE Microsoft Internet Explorer to read PDF files.


text:
Weather affects EV efficiency much like it affects ICE cars, but there are some marked differences. The folks over at TezLab in Brooklyn measure range using a somewhat complicated system, but since they do the hard work for you, there's no need to get into the specific details.
Let's take a quick look at what the team discovered:
Most everything the study found can be related back to temperature
it's widely known that cars are less efficient when it's cold, however, the study shows that temps over 80F also have a negative effect
Parking in a windy area can drain more range than you may think
Cold temps increase charging times


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The computations in the analysis of any equireplicate design can be carried out very easily if the number of treatments common to any two blocks is constant. A design with this property is called a Linked Block (LB) design and was introduced by Youden. It is well known that for a Balanced Incomplete Block (BIB) design to have a constant number of treatments in common between any two blocks, it is necessary and sufficient that it is symmetric, that is, the number of blocks is equal to the number of treatments. In this paper, necessary and sufficient conditions are derived for any design with a given treatment-structure matrix to be of the LB type and the results applied to Partially Balanced Incomplete Block (PBIB) designs. Finally a list is prepared of all LB designs in the class of two-associate PBIB designs enumerated by Bose, Shrikhande and Clatworthy.
"On Partially Balanced Linked Block Designs." Ann. Math. Statist. 28 (2) 488 - 493, June, 1957. _URL_


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Parents' Guide: Assassin's Creed Origins (PEGI 18+)
Assassin's Creed Origins is the tenth in the series of action adventure games from Ubisoft where players explore a pseudo-historical open world setting to kill targets, collect items and access more of the world.
This game follows the story of Egyptian assassins taking down a secret order that threatens Cleopatra's power. Players explore open-world Egyptian, Greek, and Roman environments with missions to find, stalk, and kill human enemies.
While the game's main aim isn't to recreate history, it does take its setting and time period seriously. This year there will be a Discovery Tour mode that creates interactive history lessons with audio narration, pictures, drawings but without the combat.
In the UK, Assassin's Creed Origins is rated by PEGI as only suitable for those 18 and overbecause of depictions of gross violence towards human characters, motiveless killing of multiple innocent humans characters, violence towards vulnerable human characters, depictions of sexual activity with visible genital organs, and use of sexual expletives.
The VSC expands on its PEGI rating by highlight that the game "includes dismemberment and horrific depictions of death. These acts of violence are often paired with strong blood and gore visuals".
"This game features depictions of motiveless killing of innocent human characters." When doing this in the game, the VSC highlight that "The deaths can be graphic in nature with strong blood effects shown". There is also violence towards more vulnerable characters. "During a cutscene a child is held by the shoulders and is then stabbed in the torso."
There is also sex in the game, with "depictions of sexual activity with visible genital organs". In a brothel in the game there are "naked couples [that] can be seen and heard having sex through a metal partition. This game also contains frequent use of sexual expletives. The words 'f**k' and 'c*nt' are found throughout."
Parental Control Settings
There are controls to turn off violence or blood in Assassin's Creed: Origins in the PC version of the game.
If you are playing the game in a family with younger members you can control access to the game via the Parental Controls of your system.
This enables you to set-up user accounts for children that only allow games of a specific rating to be played without entering a password.
If you do this, remember to require a password to log into the parent account.
You can consider the following alternatives for younger players. These are no less exciting or exuberant but they dial down the violence with content appropriate to youngsters.
- Horizon Zero Dawn (PEGI 16)
- Zelda Breath of the Wild (PEGI 12)
- Valiant Hearts: The Great War (PEGI 12)
- ReCore: Definitive Edition (PEGI 12)
- Lego City Undercover (PEGI 7)
- Portal Knights (PEGI 7)
- Yonder: The Cloud Catch Chronicles (PEGI 3)


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Definition of anaemia
a. - A morbid condition in which the blood is deficient in quality or in quantity. 2
The word "anaemia" uses 7 letters: A A A E I M N.
No direct anagrams for anaemia found in this word list.
Words formed by adding one letter before or after anaemia (in bold), or to aaaeimn in any order:
s - anaemias
Shorter words found within anaemia:
aa ae ai aim ain am ama amain amen ami amia amie amin amine amnia an ana ane anemia ani anima anime em en in ma mae main man mana mane mania me mean men mi mien mina minae mine na nae nam name ne nema nim
List shorter words within anaemia, sorted by length
All words formed from anaemia by changing one letter
Browse words starting with anaemia by next letter


IBM-Q states that the real devices available for public use have a set of "basis" gates consisting of u1,u2,u3 and CNOT. However in Qiskit the circuit can be built with many gates which are not directly one of these. For example the controlled u1 gate is an "elementary operation" in QISKit, but it is not a basis gate in for the device.
In order to have such a circuit be executed on a real device these gates must be decomposed into the device's basis gates. I assume this is handled by the compile function.
Is there an easy way in QISKit to see the quantum circuit after this step has taken place?
The function that handles this is transpile(), which could be found in qiskit.compiler. When you call transpile(circuit, backend) it goes through the compilation process for the input circuit based on the backend you provide. It returns a new circuit that will be valid to run on the provided backend.
You can then view this new circuit just like you would with any circuit, either print(circuit) or circuit.draw().
Your Answer


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Preferential Temporal Difference Learning
Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Machine Learning, PMLR 139:286-296, 2021.
Temporal-Difference (TD) learning is a general and very useful tool for estimating the value function of a given policy, which in turn is required to find good policies. Generally speaking, TD learning updates states whenever they are visited. When the agent lands in a state, its value can be used to compute the TD-error, which is then propagated to other states. However, it may be interesting, when computing updates, to take into account other information than whether a state is visited or not. For example, some states might be more important than others (such as states which are frequently seen in a successful trajectory). Or, some states might have unreliable value estimates (for example, due to partial observability or lack of data), making their values less desirable as targets. We propose an approach to re-weighting states used in TD updates, both when they are the input and when they provide the target for the update. We prove that our approach converges with linear function approximation and illustrate its desirable empirical behaviour compared to other TD-style methods.


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The Cary Institute has been monitoring weather conditions at our state-of-the-art environmental monitoring station since 1988. The long-term data from this station can be used to tell us about our changing climate and allows us to collect continuous measurements during extreme weather events like Hurricane Sandy.
Meteorological conditions were measured at our weather station as the storm passed over Millbrook on October 29, 2012.
1am-6pm: Barometric pressure falls steadily. Wind from N and NE. Wind speed picks up.
6pm-7pm: Eye of the storm closest to Millbrook, NY. Barometric pressure at lowest point (28.4); Wind direction shifts from NE to SE (90°-135°). Wind speed drops.
7pm-11pm: Back side of storm. Barometric pressure increases. Wind direction remains from the SE. Wind speed increases with a maximum of 52mph at 8:27pm.


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I am writing a report that allows my employer to rank employees by productivity and fault rate. Employee ranks are based on productivity (value of 25%), supervisor input(value of 25%) and fault rate(50%). Catching a fault awards you a single point, causing a minor fault takes a point away, causing a major fault takes three points away. Using this number and the amount of hours tracked I want to get a "faults per hour" that is a positive number and use this to sum with the rest of the score in order to get a value with around 100 being the max that I can use to rank employees.
How do I properly calculate the fault rate per hour? The method I am considering is adding the score to a hundred and then weighting it according to time spent at the station, the issue that I'm having is I compare the final score to the average score at the station, how can I keep the average score of that station reasonable for comparison if I'm adding the results to 100?
So I guess I'm doing this
(x-3y - z + 100 / a) * b [x] is the amount of faults they have caught. [y] is the amount of major faults they have created. [z] is the number of minor faults they have created. 100 is to get a positive number. [a] is number hours spent at station. [b] is the number hours spent on this station compared to total time
I'm dividing it by [a] because I need an hourly rate.
Since the period that I'm using as the baseline is 6 weeks and the period that I'm using to compare it is 6 weeks maybe I could just sum it all together and add the number to (100* 4) because it's 4 times the period size? These numbers don't have to be absolutely perfect because they will never be equal. Just looking to compare a 6week sample of a person's performance to a 6month sample of the entire average.


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2.1 years ago by
CRUK, Cambridge, UK
DiffBind sets the minimum read count for consensus peaks to 1. Basically, this avoids divide-by-zero checking etc. One-read differences shouldn't make a difference in meaningful results (although it does skew the read distribution).
bFullLibrarySize option determines the total read count used for normalization. If
bFullLibrarySize=FALSE, the number of reads that overlap consensus peaks is used for each sample (basically, the sum of all the counts). This is the best option for cases where most of the peaks are not expected to change their binding affinity significantly. For the more conservative default,
bFullLibrarySize=TRUE, the total number of aligned reads in the.bam file is used (basically the sequencing depth). This is more appropriate in cases where you expect dramatic shifts in binding affinities, or if you are not sure what to expect.
Is this what you were asking?


1. Check that the keypad is not locked.
 2. Make sure that all keys are responding correctly when they are pressed. In some cases, a key may get stuck and freeze the whole keypad.
 3. Try removing and replacing the covers (if your phone supports that feature). Check that the power and side keys on the cover are properly aligned (e.g. pushed out) to their respective positions to have a proper tactile feel when pressing the keys.


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Adding the Data Flow Task Programmatically
Updated: 17 November 2008
Business Intelligence Development Studio includes a task called the Data Flow task, which is represented by the Microsoft.SqlServer.Dts.Pipeline.Wrapper namespace in the object model. The Data Flow task is a specialized, high-performance task, dedicated to transforming and moving data during package execution. Like other tasks, the Data Flow task is wrapped by the TaskHost object, and from the perspective of the run-time engine, this task is just another task in the package. However, the data flow contains additional objects called data flow components. These components are the components that make data move from a source to a destination, sometimes through a transformation. The components define both the direction of movement and how data is transformed. Configuring the Data Flow task involves adding components to the task, and then connecting them to establish the flow of data and achieve the intended transformation.
There are three types of components within a Data Flow task: Data Flow Sources, Data Flow Transformations, and Data Flow Destinations, shown in that order within the SSIS Designer toolbox. These types are also referred to more simply as sources, transformations, or destinations. As implied by the names, data flows from a source to a transformation, and then to a destination. This is a simplistic description of the data flow to illustrate the concept, but the Data Flow task is flexible and powerful enough to handle multiple sources, and to connect together many transformations that send output to multiple destinations.
The Data Flow task is added to a package the same way other tasks are added. After the task has been added, it is configured by adding components to the data flow task, and configuring and connecting components in the task.
The following code sample shows how to add a Data Flow task to a package. This example requires a reference to the assemblies Microsoft.SqlServer.PipelineHost, Microsoft.SqlServer.DTSPipelineWrap, and Microsoft.SqlServer.ManagedDTS.
using System;
using Microsoft.SqlServer.Dts.Runtime;
using Microsoft.SqlServer.Dts.Pipeline;
using Microsoft.SqlServer.Dts.Pipeline.Wrapper;
namespace Microsoft.SqlServer.Dts.Samples
 class Program
 static void Main(string[] args)
 Package p = new Package();
 Executable e = p.Executables.Add("DTS.Pipeline.1");
 TaskHost thMainPipe = e as TaskHost;
 MainPipe dataFlowTask = thMainPipe.InnerObject as MainPipe;
Change History
Release History
17 November 2008
Changed content:
 - Added the assembly, Microsoft.SqlServer.ManagedDTS, to the list of required assemblies for the code sample.
17 July 2006
Changed content:
 - Replaced code examples with longer samples.
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Let's consider curve $C\subset \mathbb P^n$ of degree $d$ and genus $g$. We want to calculate dimension of deformation space of $C$, i.e. $h^0(C,L)$ where $L$ is the normal bundle.
We can decompose $L$ as $L_1\subset L_2\dots \subset L$, such as $dim L_{i+1}/L_i =1 \ $ and apply Riemann-Roch to each $L_{i+1}/L_i$.
I heard that this gives us $(n-1)(d-g+1)+2g-2 + 2d\ $ (as expected to be dimension of deformation space of $C$ or the number of points need to fix to count curves degree $d$ and genus $g$ passing through them).
But I can't calculate it! Could you help me with this or give me a reference?
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1 Answer 1
up vote 7 down vote accepted
Let's start by stating Riemmann-Roch for vector bundles: If $C$ is a smooth projective curve of genus $g$, and $E$ is a vector bundle of rank $r$ and degree $\delta$, then $h^0(C,E) - h^1(C,E) = \delta - r(g-1)$. If $E$ has a filtration such as you describe, you can prove this by using Riemann-Roch on each quotient line bundle, and then adding up the contributions in the long exact sequence of cohomology.
Now, we want to consider the case where $E$ is the normal bundle $N$ to $C \subset \mathbb{P}^n$. The rank of $E$ is $n-1$. We have the short exact sequence $0 \to T_C \to T_{\mathbb{P}^n}|_C \to N \to 0$. The tangent bundle to $C$ has degree $-(2g-2)$. The tangent bundle to $\mathbb{P}^n$ has first chern class $(n+1)$ times the hyperplane class; the hyperclane class restricts to $d$ times the fundamental class of $C$. So the degree of $N$ is $d(n+1) + (2g-2)$ and Riemann-Roch gives $$d(n+1)+(2g-2)-(n-1)(g-1)$$ which matches your formula.
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Is there a way to determine a government bill's or bond's maturity date by looking at its CUSIP?
For example, the CUSIP for US T-Bills with a maturity of 12/1/11 is 9127953V1. As you probably know, the first six characters of a CUSIP represent the item in question (e.g. US TBills); the last digit is an error correction code; the seventh and eighth characters are specific to the maturity. So in this case, "3V" maps to 12/1/11.
Do you know the algorithm that's used to map the two digit code to a maturity? I can obtain the maturity by hand using the internet or Bloomberg but would prefer to have an algorithm if possible. Any ideas?
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2 Answers 2
CUSIP and ISIN codes are issued in the US by CUSIP Global Services, run by S&P. While the data structure follows a certain logic, there is no way to extract relevant security information from the number. You generally have to rely on a data vendor for specific data such as the maturity date for a bond.
In the case of US Treasuries, however, the Treasury Direct website provides a database of relevant information for every security, including maturity date and CUSIP. The database covers security issued since 1980.
Also note that a variety of CUSIPs can be assigned to Treasury securities before their auction date and are later transferred to a "permanent" CUSIP. For example, a standard bond will go to three auctions before reaching its full size. For ease of use bonds will be issued a temporary CUSIP before auction to differentiate the auctioned bonds from the rest of the issue.
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CUSIP Global Services gives the following explanation regarding fixed incomes:
The issue identifier assigned to an issuer's fixed income securities may consist of two alphabetic characters (AA etc.), one alphabetic character followed by one digit (A2 etc.), or one digit followed by one alphabetic character (2A etc.), assigned in that order. A separate issue identifier is assigned to each rate and/or maturity for each issue of bonds—thus a serial bond having 40 different maturities is assigned 40 separate issue identifiers—but general obligations of a municipality having the same issue date, rate and maturity are normally assigned the same identifier regardless of purpose. The alphabetic letter "I" and numeric "1" as well as the alphabetic "O" and numeric zero are not used in the assignment of issue identifiers to fixed income securities.
There is no algorithm, unfortunately. The Treasury simply purchases CUSIP numbers from Global Services. There's no guarantee that the code will even be an increment from the previous issue.
So you are stuck with looking up codes from a data vendor.
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I discovered that the information is freely available from a major vendor's web site. You enter a CUSIP in a search box and it returns a ton of info (including maturity). I ended up writing a program to do an "HTML scrape" from that site and wrapped it in a nice little API. Of course, if the vendor ever changes the layout of their site I'll have some re-coding to do... but it's the best solution I could find for now. – Chad Decker Feb 5 '13 at 18:43
_USER_ Glad to hear you found a solution. I had to send multiple emails to the Treasury to get an answer from them. – chrisaycock Feb 5 '13 at 19:19
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本文推介常態凝固類比計算機之設計及操作方法。其原理乃利用一排垂直錠管中之液位高度，來模擬固化錠棒中之溶質濃度，而每一錠管代表固化錠棒上之位置。模擬之結果與分析解甚吻合，因此本模擬方法可推展至處理分析解無法獲得之較複雜困難之問題，例如分佈係數隨濃度而變及錠棒截面積不均勻等問題。 The design and operation of the analog computers for normal freezing have been introduced to simulate the solute concentration in the freezing solid by the heights of liquid level in an array of vertical ingot tubes. Each tube represents a discrete length of the freezing ingot. The simulation was confirmed pretty well with the analytical solution. The main contribution of present paper is to introduce the method of adjusting (decreasing) the cross-section area of the liquid-zone tube during operation for simulating the decreasing in unfrozen zone. This simulation can further be applied to the problems in which the distribution coefficient varies with the solute concentration, or to the zone-refining problems with variable zone length, if the cross-section area of the liquid-zone tube is adjusted (decreased) appropriately during the simulation operation, while the analytical solutions to the problems of variable distribution coefficient and variable zone length are difficult to achieve.
Journal of the Chinese Institute of Chemical Engineers 32(2), pp.187-192


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DROP DEFAULT (Transact-SQL)
Removes one or more user-defined defaults from the current database.
DROP DEFAULT will be removed in the next version of Microsoft SQL Server. Do not use DROP DEFAULT in new development work, and plan to modify applications that currently use them. Instead, use default definitions that you can create by using the DEFAULT keyword of ALTER TABLE or CREATE TABLE.
Before dropping a default, unbind the default by executing sp_unbindefault if the default is currently bound to a column or an alias data type.
After a default is dropped from a column that allows for null values, NULL is inserted in that position when rows are added and no value is explicitly supplied. After a default is dropped from a NOT NULL column, an error message is returned when rows are added and no value is explicitly supplied. These rows are added later as part of the typical INSERT statement behavior.
A. Dropping a default
If a default has not been bound to a column or to an alias data type, it can just be dropped using DROP DEFAULT. The following example removes the user-created default named datedflt.
USE AdventureWorks2012; GO IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM sys.objects WHERE name = 'datedflt' AND type = 'D') DROP DEFAULT datedflt GO
B. Dropping a default that has been bound to a column
The following example unbinds the default associated with the EmergencyContactPhone column of the Contact table and then drops the default named phonedflt.
USE AdventureWorks2012; GO IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM sys.objects WHERE name = 'phonedflt' AND type = 'D') BEGIN EXEC sp_unbindefault 'Person.Contact.Phone' DROP DEFAULT phonedflt END GO


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Students will be given a yellow receipt that is a valid Instruction Permit until their hard-card photo permit comes in the mail. The yellow receipt is valid for 60 days. If the hard-card photo permit is not received within 60 days, it is your responsibility to call the Minnesota Department of Public Safety at the phone number shown on the yellow receipt.
The Instruction Permit allows the student to practice driving with a licensed driver who is age 21 or older. The student must have the Instruction Permit with them at all times while driving. The student is required to hold the Instruction Permit for a minimum of six months before attempting their Road Test. The Instruction Permit is valid for two years and is renewable.
To be eligible to take the Knowledge Test and apply for an Instruction Permit, students must:
- Be at least 15 years old
- Have complete 30 hours of classroom instruction and received their Blue Card from Safeway
- Bring a primary and secondary form of identification
Primary Forms: certified birth certificate or valid passport
Secondary Forms: school issued ID card or original Social Security card
- Present their Blue Card from Safeway
- Present their Minnesota ID card (if they have one)
- Know their Social Security number (must be provided on application)
- Pass a Vision Test
- Have their photo taken
- Pay the fee of $15.50 (credit cards not accepted)
- Have a parent or guardian available to sign the application


Writing Applications
Writing an application that can be run as a client within the application-manager is not that much different from writing a stand-alone QML application. It basically boils down to three additional tasks:
 1. If you write a QML application, make the root element of your QML scene an ApplicationManagerWindow (or derive your own custom root item from it).
 2. Provide a valid info.yaml file.
 3. Make the application-manager aware of your application by running appman --recreate-database.
The Root Element
It is recommended to use either an ApplicationManagerWindow or a QtObject as the root of your QML application. This is especially important, if you expect similar behavior in singleand multi-process mode. If a QtObject is used, visible base elements should still be ApplicationManagerWindows. Nevertheless other root elements are supported for convenience, as well. Here are a few things to consider:
 - Only ApplicationManagerWindows support window properties that are shared between the System-UI and the client applications.
 - In multi-porcess mode Window root elements will get a decoration (unless QT_WAYLAND_DISABLE_WINDOWDECORATION is set) and will be invisible by default. QQuick Items will be wrapped inside a Window representing a Wayland client window.
 - In single-process mode Window root elements will appear parallel to instead of inside the System-UI.
The Manifest and Updating the Database
The Manifest Definition documentation has all the information to produce a minimal info.yaml file that should get you going.
Recursively finding and parsing info.yaml files for potentially hundreds of applications can be a very time consuming task and would severely slow down application-manager's startup. Therefore, all manifest files are cached in a binary database. In order to make changes to an info.yaml file known to the application-manager, you have to force a rebuild of this database by calling appman --recreate-database.
Note: Dynamically adding/updating/removing single applications is supported via the ApplicationInstaller interface.
Qmake Integration
To install applications into a system-ui using the Installer Sub-System, the application first needs to be packaged. This can be done using the Packager utility. To better integrate the packaging into your usual developer workflow you can also use the qmake integration provided by the application-manager.
The integration will add an additional package target to the Makefile. By calling make package on the command line or adding it as an additional build step in QtCreator a new application package gets created.
Simple QML Apps
For simple QML only apps, just create a qmake project file which defines an install step for all the needed files. The actual install location doesn't matter in this case, because it will just be used as a temporary path during package creation.
FILES += info.yaml \
 icon.png \
app.files = $$FILES
app.path = /apps/com.example.application
In addition add the following two lines to provide the install location to the packaging step and to load the actual qmake integration.
AM_PACKAGE_DIR = $$app.path
Complex Apps
For more complex apps, where you need to deploy a C++ based QML plugin in addition to your QML content, you need to split your app into multiple folders and project files. One folder for the QML part, another one for the C++ plugin and a SUBDIRS project to glue them together.
The packaging integration will be done in the SUBDIRS project and expects that the other project files provide install targets to a shared install location. E.g the QML part installs it's files to '/apps/com.example.application', while the C++ plugin will install to '/apps/com.example.application/imports/com/example/application'.
In the SUBDIRS project you need to define the AM_MANIFEST variable and set it to the location of your info.yaml file as well as define the shared install location as AM_PACKAGE_DIR:
AM_MANIFEST = $$PWD/app/info.yaml
AM_PACKAGE_DIR = /apps/com.example.application
Packaging multiple apps
If your repository provides multiple apps, like the Qt Auto Extra Apps Repository, you can use the am-package qmake feature to provide a repository wide package step.
Just add a ".qmake.conf" file with the following content to your repository, which gets automatically loaded by qmake:
CONFIG += am-package


Lead Shot vs. Steel Shot
In more and more areas, laws require waterfowl hunters to use steel shot rather than the traditional (and toxic) lead shot. But even if given the option, many hunters are confused by the distinction. In this article we hope to clear it up.
lead shot, steel shot - #4 steel and #4 lead cartridges
Steel shot (left), is slightly larger than lead shot (right).
lead shot, steel shot - geese in flight
From the standpoint of a goose encountering them as projectiles, lead shot and steel shot are about the same. But only lead shot contaminates the environment afterwards, if it fails to find its mark.
Photo by Bruce Coleman
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Yes, lush is a Scrabble word!
Lush is a valid Scrabble word.
Table of Contents
Dictionary definitions of the word 'lush'
The meaning of lush
4 definitions of the word 'lush'.
 1. Produced or growing in extreme abundance
 2. Characterized by extravagance and profusion
 3. Full of juice
 1. A person who drinks alcohol to excess habitually
What Scrabble words can I make with the letters in lush?
4 Letter Words
2 Letter Words
1 Anagram of Lush
Anagrams are sometimes called a Word Unscramble
Words that can be created with an extra letter added to lush:
Unscramble the letters in lush
There are 11 words that can be made by adding another letter to 'lush'.
More words that can be made using the letters in lush


Using the Tip Calculator
The tip calculator provides a simple way to allocate tips and add them to your payroll report.
To open the tip calculator, from the schedule, on the intended day, press Enter Tips
Entering time and tip amounts
 1. Enter the time span for the tip entry. NOTE: If you are synchronizing with a POS, select your 'day-part', and the time range will auto-populate.
 2. Enter Credit and Cash Tip Amounts. NOTE: If you are synchronizing with a POS, your Credit tips will auto-populate.
 3. Press Calculate
Make adjustments, Save, and Print
 1. Use the "Allocated" line to remove a percentage of the tip total (i.e. if a certain percentage of the total will go towards an entry in another department). In the example below, 10% of the tip amount is pulled from the present pool.
 2. Make any adjustments to Hours, or use the "Multiplier" fields to use a "Point" allocation. If you would like to exclusively use "Points" and disregard hours, then enter "1" into the hours fields.
 3. Press Save and/or Print to complete
NOTE: You may make multiple tip entries per day, and edit or delete entries.
NOTE: Employees' own tip amounts will be visible from their dashboard.
Set tips to carry into your Payroll Report
1. From the Gearwheel Menu, go to Settings
2. Scroll to Payroll Settings, and check Include Tips in Payroll
Set default Point Values for Roles
1. From the gearwheel menu go to Roles / Headings
2. Press the settings gearwheel next to a Role, and enter a default tip multiplier unique to the Role


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Web Data Connectors in Tableau Server
Web data connectors (WDCs) are web pages that provide a data connection that is accessible over HTTP for data sources that don't already have a connector in Tableau. WDCs allow users to connect to almost any data that is accessible over the web and to create extracts for their workbooks. Data sources for a WDC can include internal web services, JSON data, REST APIs, and other sources that are available over HTTP or HTTPS. Users can create their own WDC or use connectors that were created by others.
For information about how to use a WDC in Tableau Desktop, see Web Data Connector in the Tableau Desktop documentation.
For information about how to create a WDC, see the Web Data Connector documentation on Github.
As a security measure, Tableau Server won't run WDCs unless you approve the connector, as explained in this topic.
Note: You must be a server administrator to approve WDCs for use on Tableau Server.
WDCs require your approval because they contain executable code and typically make requests to third-party websites. Before a user can use a WDC with Tableau Server, you must add the domain and port used by the connector to a safe list (whitelist) and also include the domains that a connector can send requests to and receive requests from on a secondary safe list (secondary whitelist). Before you do this, we recommend that you vet and test the connector so that you know what the connector does and what sites it connects to. For more information, see Testing and Vetting Web Data Connectors.
When you add a connector to the safe lists (whitelists), you configure Tableau Server to allow connections to a particular URL where the connector is hosted and from a URL which the connector can query. This is the only way to allow Tableau Server to run WDCs. The connectors can then be hosted on a server inside your organization's firewall or on an external domain. Importing WDCs is not supported for Tableau Server.
To add a WDC to the safe list, use the
tsm data-access web-data-connectors add command. This command and the related commands described below let you perform the following tasks:
Add WDCs to the safe list and secondary safe list.
Allow or disallow all WDCs, or WDC refreshes.
Remove one or more connectors from the safe list.
List all WDCs on the safe list and secondary safe list.
Updating WDC safe lists requires a server restart
After running any commands that make changes to WDCs, you need to apply your pending changes using the
tsm pending-changes apply command.
If the pending changes require a server restart, the
pending-changes apply command will display a prompt to let you know a restart will occur. This prompt displays even if the server is stopped, but in that case there is no restart. You can suppress the prompt using the
--ignore-prompt option, but this does not change the restart behavior. If the changes do not require a restart, the changes are applied without a prompt. For more information, see tsm pending-changes apply.
To add a connector to the safe list and secondary safe list, use the tsm data-access web-data-connectors add command, providing the name, safe list URL, and secondary safe list URLs. You can also manage WDCs using the web-data-connector-settings Entity. After running this command, you need to apply your pending changes using the
tsm pending-changes apply command. A prompt warns you that the command will restart Tableau Server. If Tableau Server is currently running it is restarted, and if it is stopped it is left in a stopped state with no restart.
tsm data-access web-data-connectors add --name 'WTA WDC' --url _URL_ --secondary _URL_
Notes on formatting:
- Be sure to use straight quotes (" and '), not curly or "smart" quotes, around the name of the WDC.
- For many WDCs, the port specified for the
--urloption is 443 or 80, but you can check the value for your connector by looking at the data source details on Tableau Server. You must specify the port number as part of the URL if the WDC is using SSL (HTTPS). For example, to use the default port for HTTPS, the URL might look like the following:
- If a WDCs send requests to and receive data from multiple domains, use a comma-delimited list of URL for the
- To add an entire domain to the secondary safe list, end the domain URL with a wildcard expression. Use
(.*)as the wildcard to indicate the entire domain. Be sure to include the parentheses
()as part of the expression.
To allow or disallow WDCs, or WDC extract refreshes, use the following command before running
tsm pending-changes apply:
To remove one or more WDCs from the safe list, use the following command before running
tsm pending-changes apply:
To list all WDCs on the safe list, use the following command:
When a user creates a workbook that uses a WDC, Tableau Server creates an extract from the data returned by the connector. If the user then publishes the workbook, the publish process sends the workbook and the data extract to the server.
Tableau can refresh an extract that was created by a WDC, the same as it can refresh any extract. If the connector requires credentials to sign in to the web-based data source, you need to ensure that the credentials are embedded with the data source, and that the WDC is on the safe list for the server. Tableau Server cannot refresh the extract if the connector requires credentials and they are not embedded with the data source. This is because the refresh can occur on a schedule or in some other background context, and the server cannot prompt for credentials.
Currently, there is no way to re-authenticate a data source from Tableau Server directly. If the data source has credentials that expire, or was published without embedding the credentials, the workbook and data extract need to be published again with the new embedded credentials.
If the background process that performs the refresh operation fails, it creates an alert and a log entry that indicates this issue. Users will be able to see that the timestamp on the extract does not change.
To disable refresh for all WDCs, use the
tsm data-access web-data-connectors allow -r false command.
If the server experiences problems with adding connectors to the safe list, you can examine the log files. Be sure to check the log files on both the initial server node and on the other nodes that are running the gateway process. For more information about log files, Server Log File Locations in the Ziplog Archive.
If the issue is that Tableau Server will not refresh an extract that was created by a WDC, make sure that the
webdataconnector.refresh.enabled configuration setting has been set to
true. If it is set to
false, run the following command to allow extract refreshes for all WDCs on the server:
Note: The safe list is the only way of allowing Tableau Server to run web data connectors. Importing web data connectors was deprecated starting with version 10.5.


Men Who Like Spicy Food have More Testosterone
For older men, eating spicy foods can be an issue given that the resulting stomach acid can lead to a certain amount of distress that needs antacid tablets or treatments. However, studies have now shown that men who enjoy spicy food actually have higher levels of testosterone. It may seem strange that food which can barely be kept in the mouth for very long and having properties that may in certain cases be really uncomfortable to eat is linked to having higher testosterone levels in the body.
However, a study from France has shown that men who preferred spicy foods were more likely to have boosted levels of testosterone which naturally leads to the supposition that elements or ingredients in spicy foods have a naturally boosting effect. The study was conducted with 114 men who were aged 18 to 44 and they were asked about which types of foods that they enjoyed eating. It was found that the men who preferred spicier meals such as those including red peppers for example had higher levels of testosterone.
Is the Link Between Spicy Food and Boosted Testosterone Real?
There is no doubt that men who enjoy spicy foods tend to have higher levels of testosterone in their body. However, the question is whether spicy foods actually boosted the testosterone levels or do men who have naturally higher levels of testosterone enjoy spicier foods.
To the researchers involved in the study, they lean toward the latter as the men who did like spicy food tended to be more risk taking, more youthful in their appearance and approach to life. This indicates the their enjoyment of spicy food was simply a sign or symptom of their higher levels of testosterone in their bodies.
So, the idea that spicy food alone boosts testosterone levels naturally has no basis in fact at least right now. However, the consuming of spicy food if it is not very distressful to the male can be good for the health when done in moderation. Spicy food from natural sources such as red pepper is not only more tasty, it also provides plenty of nutrients that the body needs.
While the evidence leans towards spicy foods at best being a reinforcement of the testosterone that is already present. It does not hurt to spice up the diet with foods from the pepper family and other spicy sources. Especially if they reduce the amount of sugar that is consumed which is a big factor in reducing the amount of testosterone in the body.
The researchers are continuing their efforts and even using rats in studies which have actually shown some indication that testosterone levels can at least be reinforced, if not boosted with the consumption of spicy foods. However, it does seem at this point that men who have a taste for spicy foods came from their upbringing or perhaps the coloring of the foods were attractive enough for them to try them out. There is no indication as of yet that eating spicy foods will actually boost testosterone levels.
At my site there are reviews of natural testosterone boosting supplements that may be used either with or in place of spicy foods.
Leave Your Review


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Change a path's starting point
While open paths have obvious starting and ending points, closed paths also have a starting point (which is the same as its ending point). Microsoft Expression Design uses the starting point of a closed path to determine how a brush stroke fits on a path, for example.
To change the starting point on an existing path
In the Toolbox, select the Start Point tool.
Click the anchor point you want to be the new starting point.
You can also use the Start Point tool on an open path. If you click the starting point or ending point of an open path, Expression Design just reverses the direction of the path. If you click any anchor point other than an ending or starting point, the path converts to a closed path, and that anchor point becomes the path's starting point.


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Automatic monitoring systems for wheelsets in continuous operation using modern, efficient measuring methods and documentation in one database. The system makes possible the monitoring of ever tighter tolerances and operating limits that are required both for the increasing speeds and the increase in safety, travelling comfort and operational reliability. The modular design of the Argus wheelset diagnostics system allows economic adjustment to the measurement requirements of the customer.
- Fully automatic, precise and quick measurement operation
- Improvement in workshop organisation and logistics thanks to exact knowledge of the wheelset status and documentation in one database, plus there is wear forecast
- Increase in the vehicle availability thanks to constant monitoring of the wheelset data with wear forecast


Fruit tree map
20 02 2010
How to plot fruit trees in your area:
Having a street directory is useful to accurately plot down the trees in your area but all you really need is a pen and paper. Google maps will allow you to zoom in until you see the shape of private blocks with the street numbers as well as small alleyways that aren't always shown on other maps. So all you need to do is write down the address of the fruit tree i.e. Outside of house 72 Blyth St and then you can simply find the house and tree on Google maps later.
Using google maps you can easily plot down the fruit trees in your area.
Creating a feral fruit tree map is easy. Here are the basic steps:
 1. View Feral fruit trees Melbourne in a larger map.
 2. Sign in to your google account if you haven't already.
 3. Click Edit in the top left hand corner
 4. Zoom into the area you want to plot.
 5. Use the icons in the top left corner of the map. These include:
 Select button Selection tool. Use this to drag the map and select placemarks..
 Placemark button Placemark tool. Use this to plot fruit trees.
This will edit the overall map of fruit trees in Melbourne and plot the new trees you have added for everyone to view.
*Remember to add the name of the tree ie. (pomegranate, apple etc) plus any descriptive features which may aid in finding the tree, for example 'in front of house number 36, hanging over fence, in front of church etc'
*Feral Fruit Trees map has been unavailable due to changes in Google's system. We've added another fruit tree map here for your use in the same way.
19 02 2010
Feral fruit trees are fruit trees growing in or overhanging public spaces that are accessible to the urban hunter-gatherer. This website seeks to promote localized food gathering in cities where food is being obtained from increasingly distant sources. The current system of food delivery into urban centres poses unnecessary strain upon both the economy and the environment due to transportation costs. Feral fruit tree harvesting transforms our current food distribution system into a more sustainable alternative and promotes a consciousness of the ecology within our urban environments. Urban hunter-gatherers can also enjoy the benefit of fresh fruit that is often organic and not to mention free.
Fruit lying outside the boundary of private property for instance on a branch hanging over a fence is considered to be public property and therefore anyone can legally take the fruit. Please don't take any fruit that is over someone's fence even if it is in close reach as this is technically stealing. It always pays to just ask the owner, usually they won't mind no one is really going to eat a whole tree of figs or loquats. Some people may be sensitive about having the fruit from their tree taken even if it is hanging into public space; therefore even though you are within your rights to take the fruit, common courtesy should be employed. eg. Please don't make some old Greek guy angry by taking fruit when he doesn't want you to.
Furthermore a few easy guidelines should be followed in order to ensure the sustainability and fair distribution of this precious public resource.
 1. Do not be greedy. Take only as much fruit as you need as there may be other fruit pickers in the area who wish to eat the fruit as well.
 2. Try not to damage the tree or the area around the tree. It would be wise to use a proper cutting tool to ensure clean cuts that do less damage to the tree. Try not to rip any leaves, branches or trample any plants below. I was told one story about a Mulberry tree that everyone used to plunder, the owner got so sick of people trampling his other plants from eating the berries that he unfortunately ended up cutting down the tree.
With this in mind I bid you good luck on your fruit foraging adventures around the city.
Find feral fruit trees in your suburb Picking Fruit by M Lyn.


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Water Treatment Plants
Delta Mobrey has been designing and manufacturing instrumentation for process industries for over 65 years and has supported projects in the Water Industries in the UK and worldwide.
Desalination is the process of removing salt from sea water or brackish river or groundwater to make potable water. The desalination process involves either a thermal distillation process or membrane system such as reverse osmosis. While the end result of desalination is clean and useful water, there are several aspects of the process which need to be carefully controlled and monitored so as not to negatively impact the environment.
It is at these pre and post-treatment stages where Delta Mobrey instruments operate.
The first Desalination Plants were commissioned in the 70's however it is only about 15 years that the water shortages in a number of countries, especially in the Middle East, created the rise in water treatment plants.
In 2006 Delta Mobrey was awarded of the first significant order for a complete range of pressure, pressure difference and temperature products to support Engineering, Procurement and Construction of a major Desalination Plant.
Delta Mobrey instruments can be found in some of the most important plants, mainly in Middle East Region.
- Kahramaa Water Reservoirs and Pumping Stations, Qatar
- Az Zour phases 1-4 Power and Desalination Plants, Kuwait
- Arzew IWPP Power & Desalination Plant, Algeria
- Rome Southern Lazio Potabilization Plant, Italy
- Shuaibah III Desalination Plant, Saudi Arabia
- Taweelah A1 Power and Desalination Plant, UAE
Examples of applications
Delta Controls Instruments are used in a variety of applications including process control and emergency shut-down systems.
High pressure instruments provide control and safety functions:
- Pressure gauge with contacts to monitor membrane inlet pressure
- Pressure gauge to monitor membrane discharge pressure
- Emergency pressure switch for membrane inlet pressure
Low pressure instruments provide control of the lower pressure sections of the plant
- Pressure transmitters or pressure switches to control inlet pressures to proceses
- Pressure gauges to monitor inlet pressure
- Pressure transmitters or pressure switches to control high pressure pump inlet
- Pressure gauges to monitor all fine filter housings
- Pressure gauges to monitor brine outlet pressures
- Pressure gauges to monitor neutralisation filters in and out.
Differential pressure instruments provide control of all filtration activities.
- Differential pressure gauges to monitor correct working of all filtration systems
- Differential pressure gauges with contacts or differential pressure switches or differential pressure transmitters to control all filter clogging/degredation
Temperature instruments provide flow and pressure adjustment to manage plant temperature variations.
- Thermometers with contacts or temperature switches or temperature transmitters to compensate flow and pressure along the plant.
- Thermometers to monitor the whole process
The range of products available include (see the Product Selection in the Website)
- DPC-Series Pressure Transmitters
- DPR-Series Differential Pressure Transmitters
- DPT-Series Temperature Transmitters
- Sentry-Series Low Pressure Switches
- VM-Series High Pressure Switches
- S20-Series Adjustable Dead Band Pressure Switches
- 200-Series Dual Set Point Pressure Switches
- 300-Series Very Low Differential Pressure Switches
- S70-Series Temperature Switches
- GA-Series Bourdon Tube Pressure Gauge with and without Contacts
- DG-Series Differential Pressure Gauges with and without Contacts
- GB-Series Bimetal Thermometers
- GI-Series Expansion Gas Thermometers with and without Contacts.
- Needle Valves in 316SS or NACE Materials
- 2, 3 and 5 Valves Manifolds in 316SS or NACE Materials
- Threaded Thermowells from barstock in 316SS or NACE Materials
- Flanged Thermowells from barstock in 316SS or NACE Materials
- Siphons in 316SS
In addition to our standard range of instruments, we have also developed bespoke products for many of our customers whenever a technical solution cannot readily be found 'off the shelf'.
Our team of engineers are ready to discuss your exact requirements to ensure the product you need for your application is correctly specified and supplied. Please contact us using our enquiry form or by email.


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Living SustainablyIssue 3 - Oct 2006
Who Cares about the environment in 2006? is a survey of NSW people's environmental knowledge, attitudes and behaviours.
The survey tracks changes and identify trends with respect to what NSW people think about environmental issues, the effects of government policies and programs and the ongoing impact of education, training, business, community activities, education campaigns and media reporting.
The survey forms part of the DEC Social Research Series and is conducted every three years since 1994.
Survey findings will be available online from November in the Education Resources > Scientific & Social Research section at environment.nsw.gov.au.
> More information
Contact Lynne McLoughlin in Community Education on (02) 8837 6045.


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Why does a whip make a cracking sound when someone whips it? --- Thomas, Englishtown, N.J.
Marshall Brain Answers:
That cracking sound you are hearing is a sonic boom. The tip of a long whip goes supersonic and makes the sound. The following video demonstrates how to make a whip and crack it:
Here is the tip in slow motion:
This article puts a finer point on it:
"A whip is specially crafted to accelerate a loop in its body to high speeds. The tapering of a whip makes a loop traveling along it speed up by a factor of ten. The lightweight free end allows an extra factor of two to three in speed. For realistic whips, the tip can reach speeds more than 30 times the initial speed," he said.
See also: Time Warp: Whip Through Soda Can


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You can create or configure Resource Governor entities, such as resource pools and workload groups, by using the Resource Governor Properties page in SQL Server Management Studio.
In addition to viewing the properties of Resource Governor entities, you can perform several configuration tasks using the Resource Governor Properties page. For more information, see these topics:
When you click OK after adding, deleting, or moving a workload group or resource pool, the ALTER RESOURCE GOVERNOR RECONFIGURE statement is executed.
If the create or reconfigure operation for the resource pool or workload group fails, a summary error message appears below the title of the property page. To see a detailed error message, click the down arrow on the error message.
You can determine whether there is a configuration pending by querying the sys.dm_resource_governor_configuration dynamic management view to get the current status of is_configuration_pending.
Viewing resource governor properties requires VIEW SERVER STATER permission. The resource governor configuration tasks require CONTROL SERVER permission.
To view resource governor properties by using the Resource Governor Properties page in SQL Server Management Studio
In SQL Server Management Studio, open Object Explorer and recursively expand the Management node down to Resource Governor.
Right-click Resource Governor and then click Properties, this opens the Resource Governor Properties page.
For descriptions of the fields in the page, see Resource Governor Properties.
To save any changes, click OK.
Classifier function name
Specify the classifier function by selecting from the list.
Enable Resource Governor
Enable or disable Resource Governor by selecting or clearing the check box.
Create or change resource pool and external resource pool configuration by using the grid that is provided. This grid is populated with information for the predefined internal and default pools. Select a pool to work with by clicking the first column in the row for the pool. To create a new resource pool, click the row that is prefixed by the asterisk (\*).
Specify the name of the resource pool.
Minimum CPU %
Specify the guaranteed average CPU bandwidth for all requests in the resource pool when there is CPU contention. Range is 0 to 100.
Maximum CPU %
Specify the maximum average CPU bandwidth that all requests in this resource pool will receive when there is CPU contention. Range is 0 to 100. The default setting is 100.
Minimum Memory %
Specify the minimum amount of memory reserved for this resource pool that can not be shared with other resource pools. Range is 0 to 100.
Maximum Memory %
Specify the total server memory that can be used by requests in this resource pool. Range is 0 to 100. The default setting is 100.
Workload groups for resource pool
Create or change the workload group configuration by using the grid that is provided. This grid is populated with information for the predefined internal and default groups. Select a group to work with by clicking the first column in the row for the pool. To create a new workload group, click the row that is prefixed by the asterisk (\*).
Specify the name of the workload group.
Specify the relative importance of a request in the workload group. Available settings are Low, Medium, and High.
Specify the maximum number of simultaneous requests that are allowed to execute in the workload group. Must be 0 or a positive integer.
CPU Time (sec)
Specify the maximum amount of CPU time that a request can use. Must be 0 or a positive integer. If 0, the time is unlimited.
Memory Grant %
Specify the maximum amount of memory that a single request can take from the pool. Range is 0 to 100.
Grant Time-out (sec)
Specify the maximum time that a query can wait for a resource to become available before the query fails. Must be 0 or a positive integer.
Degree of Parallelism
Specify the maximum degree of parallelism (DOP) for parallel requests. Range is 0 to 64.
For more information, see CREATE WORKLOAD GROUP (Transact-SQL).
View Resource Governor properties using Transact-SQL
View resource governor properties by using Transact-SQL
To view the definitions of resource governor entities, use the Resource Governor Catalog Views (Transact-SQL).
To view the current configuration of resource governor entities, use the Resource Governor Related Dynamic Management Views (Transact-SQL).


text:
A DMV fatality hearing occurs when a motorist is suspected of causing an accident that leads to someone's death or serious injury. The hearing is a legal proceeding to determine whether the DMV will suspend the driving privileges of the person at fault for the accident.
These administrative hearings take place at a DMV office and are conducted by a DMV hearing officer. During the hearing, the officer presents evidence that supports the suspension of a driver's license. The motorist then has the chance to support evidence that challenges suspension.
If the DMV decides to suspend a person's license, it can do so for one year or more.
A driver can request a DMV hearing to:
- challenge this decision, and
- get a driver's license revocation set aside.
Some of the best ways to prepare for a fatality hearing are to:
- seek the help of an experienced DMV hearing lawyer, and
- organize and review any evidence that rebuts license suspension.
Our California criminal defense attorneys will highlight the following in this article:
- 1. What is a DMV fatality hearing?
- 2. What happens if a driver does not attend a fatality hearing?
- 3. What happens during a DMV fatality hearing?
- 4. Can a person challenge a decision at these hearings?
- 5. How should a person prepare?
1. What is a DMV fatality hearing?
A fatality hearing is a legal proceeding conducted by the California Department of Motor Vehicles.
The DMV hearing takes place after the DMV labels a driver a negligent operator because:
- the driver caused or contributed to a traffic accident, and
- a person died or was seriously injured in that accident.1
The Department holds the hearing to determine if it should:
- suspend the motorist's driving privileges, and
- do so because of the accident.2
Both the DMV and the subject driver can introduce evidence during the hearing.
The Department presents evidence to support a license suspension. Some evidence that may show this includes:
- an accident report,
- medical reports of injured parties,
- the motorist's driving record, and
- witness testimony, such as by law enforcement.
The driver can then present evidence to challenge a suspension. Evidence of this nature includes:
- the motorist's driving record (to show a history of safe driving),
- the accident report (to show that the driver did not cause it),
- medical reports of injured parties (to show no death or serious injury), and
- witness testimony (to support any of the above claims).
Note that the DMV can subject a driver to a fatality hearing even if the motorist was not the sole cause of the accident. The Department can hold a hearing if a driver:
- caused the accident, or
- contributed to it in any way.
2. What happens if a driver does not attend a fatality hearing?
The DMV sends a driver a "Notice of Suspension" after labeling the person a negligent operator.
If a driver ignores this notice, or does not attend a hearing, the DMV will:
- suspend or revoke the motorist's driving privileges, and
- do so for one year.3
The one-year period may be even greater if the driver has a poor driving history.
After the suspension period is over, the motorist has to reinstate his or her license. This requires:
- paying fees, and
- filing an SR-22 Insurance Form.4
Note that the latter causes a substantial increase in the person's auto insurance.
3. What happens during a DMV fatality hearing?
A hearing takes place at a DMV Driver Safety Office. It is conducted by a DMV hearing officer.
An officer is a Department employee and is not:
- a lawyer, or
- a judge.
The hearing officer begins the hearing by introducing the Department's case. This means presenting evidence that supports license suspension.
The subject driver then has the chance to present evidence that challenges suspension. The motorist wants to show that:
- he or she did not contribute to or cause,
- a traffic collision that caused a death or serious injury.
Note that a driver has the right to an attorney throughout the hearing process to help accomplish this aim.
If the DMV decides to suspend a person's license, it can do so for one year or more.5
4. Can a person challenge a decision at these hearings?
A driver can request a DMV hearing to:
- challenge the Department's decision, and
- get a driver's license suspension set aside.6
A hearing officer may decide the following after a hearing:
- a license suspension gets set aside.
- the motorist gets placed on negligent operator probation. This means a suspension does not go into effect. It will though if the driver commits a violation or an accident.
- the driver gets a suspension but is granted a restricted license, or
- a license gets suspended.7
5. How should a person prepare?
A motorist can do many things to prepare for a fatality hearing. Some of the best are:
- contact an experienced DMV attorney for help at the hearing,
- collect, organize, and review any evidence that challenges a license suspension,
- contact persons who can testify at the hearing about safe driving history.
The subject driver should also contact the DMV and get a copy of his/her driving history. If it is clean, the motorist can use this as evidence. The history will show that:
- despite the accident in question,
- the driver is a skilled and safe driver and another car accident is not likely to occur.
For additional help…
Accused of causing a serious or fatal accident? To discuss your case with a criminal defense attorney, we invite you to contact us at Shouse Law Group.
- California DMV website – Negligent Operator Hearings, Guidelines and Actions.
- See same. See also California Vehicle Code 13800a VC.
- California DMV website – Financial Responsibility (Insurance) Requirements for Vehicle Registration (FFVR 18).
- California Vehicle Code 14100.
- California Vehicle Code 12813.


I am a bit puzzled by the sequence of events that are observed when a set of nodes are added or removed. It appears that if a parent node and a child node are added, they are in inverse sequence (child first, parent second). In my case, I have an event listener registered on a workspace, waiting for nodes to be added or removed. If a node is added, it transforms it and adds it in another workspace. If it is removed, it just removes from the destination workspace. The problem is that when a set of nodes is added, say for instance a nt:file/nt:resource pair, the nt:resource event come first, and the event listener cannot really add it to the destination workspace yet as the parent doesn't exists ( a PathNotFound exception is thrown). The workaround has been to copy all the add events in a LinkedList (and the remove in another) before starting looping, and to execute the "add" linked list in reverse order. Of course, using Workspace.clone is not an option because nodes need to be transformed before being added. I did not see anything in the current specs (and I did not have a chance yet to review JSR-283), but is there a reason for this inversion of order? Thanks. Alessandro.


South Carolina's Flagship University
Regulatory Pathfinder
for Coastal Development in South Carolina
Nationwide Permit # 36 - Boat Ramps
Boat ramps may be eligible for a federal streamlined permitting process under NWP #36.
It may be worthwhile to contact the Corps office to discuss your project if you have any questions.
Boat ramps must meet both federal and state requirements. All boat ramps must meet the following state standards:
 1. Boat ramps are to provide water access to those who do not otherwise have access by a dock, pier or marina;
 2. Unless no feasible alternatives exist in non-vegetated wetlands, vegetated wetlands cannot be filled or excavated for purposes of constructing boat ramps. If filling or excavating is allowed it must be limited to what is reasonable for the intended use;
 3. Boat ramps must be constructed of environmentally acceptable materials and demonstrate sound design and construction so the ramp is reasonably expected to be safe and effective and minimize adverse effects;
 4. Boat ramp locations that require dredging or filling of wetlands to provide deep water access, parking areas or associated facilities are not permitted, unless no feasible alternatives exist and environmental impacts are minimized;
 5. Public use boat ramps in easily accessible areas (bridges, existing abandoned causeways or other areas) are encouraged if the areas comply with other applicable regulations;
 6. Priorities for boat ramp construction in environmentally sensitive areas are as follows:
 1. First priority goes to public use ramps that are open to all citizens;
 2. Then priority goes to restricted use ramps only open to citizens of a particular area or organization;
 3. And finally priority goes to to private use ramps for only one citizen or family.
 7. If private use is necessary, the ramp must, whenever feasible, be located where the least environmental impact will accrue and cannot be wider than 12 feet.
 8. (S.C. Code Regs. 30-12(B))
Last Updated October 29, 2010


How to install the disc brake?
Vekkit motor hubs are compatible with standard six-bolt disc rotors. The rotor is mounted onto the hub.
First, unscrew the disc brake bolts from the motor hub.
With some motors a rotor spacer is included - it can be placed between the hub and the rotor if needed, depending on the brake caliper position.
Carefully tighten the rotor bolts. Make sure not to apply too much power so that the hub is not damaged.
Before installing the wheel into the fork, loosen the caliper's adjustments bolts. This way the caliper can be moved sideways to match the rotor's position.
The disc brake caliper can be adjusted by moving sideways
Insert the wheel into the fork's dropouts carefully.
Slightly rotate the wheel to check if spokes touch the the caliper's body. If it does touch the spokes, you can add one or two spacers on the axle between the dropout and the hub or use the axle adapter as a big spacer:
After you make sure that the wheel rotates freely and the rotor fits well between the caliper's brake pads, tighten the axle nuts at both sides.
Finally, fine-tune the caliper's body so that the pads don't touch the rotor and tighten the adjustment bolts.
That's it! Rotate the wheel again to be sure that everything is secure and rotates as it should.


text:
Rotary kiln belongs to constructing material equipment. and it can be divided into cement kiln. metallurgy chemical kiln and calcium hydroxide kiln harmonizing to different stuffs. Cement kiln is used for doing of cement cinder and there are dry and wet methods to do cement. Metallurgy chemical kiln is used in metallurgy industry and ironworks for thin Fe ore. Cr ore and ferronickel ore calcimine. The application of rotary kiln originated from the cement production.
British cementer J. Asp invented dirt shaft kiln of intermittent operation in 1824 ; A German invented multilayer shaft kiln of uninterrupted operation in1883 ; British E Ransome invented the rotary kiln in 1885 which was put into production after obtaining the patent in England and America and gained considerable economic benefits. The innovation of rotary kiln makes the cement industry develop quickly and promotes the survey on application of rotary kiln. The rotary kiln is used in many industrial Fieldss and takes a more of import function in these productions. The rotary kiln becomes the nucleus equipment in endeavor production.
The proficient feature and service behaviour of rotary kiln are indispensable to the quality. end product and cost of the merchandise. "As long as the large kiln is running. the money is coming. " This lay is a graphic description on the importance of rotary kiln in production. The rotary kiln is most frequently used in cement industry. The whole production engineering of cement is summarized as "two grinding and one burning". "One burning" means the technological procedure of firing the land and prepared natural stuff into cinder by the high temperature of rotary kiln.
So the rotary kiln is the chief engine in cement production. and is normally referred to as "heart" of cement mill. In constructing stuff industry. besides roasting cement cinder. the rotary kiln is besides used for roasting clay. limestone and drying scoria. etc. Rotary kiln is used for calcimine of high aluminium vandal oche in stubborn stuff industry ; for calcimine of calotte and aluminium hydrated oxide in aluminium maker ; for claiming of chrome sand ore and chrome pulverization ore in chemical works. Lime kiln is used for baking active calcium hydroxide and dolomite in the steel mill and ferroalloy mill.


Space Shuttle Debris
DebrisI had my kids watch the space shuttle takeoff today. It was fun for them. Then later the news started to talk about "debris" spotted on shuttle video during the launch.
All day something rubbed me the wrong way, and I'm not sure if I'm right on this or not. But is "debris" the right word for spotting something falling off the shuttle or fuel tank or whatever? I looked it up in and Merriam-Webster and neither gave a definition of "debris" that seemed to fit the context. At best it's a piece of something that's been destroyed, not something that has one piece fall off. Thoughts?


Can You Use A Paper Towel As A Coffee Filter Substitute?
This article answers an unusual question: Can you use a paper towel as a coffee filter substitute? We propose some ideas for improving the taste if you're out of options.
paper towel as a coffee filter - two rolls of paper towel on a wooden table
Paper towel is the closest coffee filter substitute you can find at home
You lazily walk into the kitchen with disheveled hair and eyes half-open to brew an aromatic pot of Java only to realize that you are out of coffee filters. OMG! What will you do?
This may spark feelings of anxiety and my true condolences are with you. But, you are not alone! Almost every coffee enthusiast or others faces this predicament when there is not enough time to rush to a store to get filters and you also don't want to go to the coffee shop.
So, what's the other alternative? A paper towel, because this is the closest substitute you can get for a filter. Just make sure you do not make it a habit to use paper towels frequently, and you will not have to worry about any health hazards.
Can You Use a Paper Towel As A Coffee Filter?
Yes, you can. When you have run out of coffee filters and you badly need your morning fix, you can try your old college roommate's method for a quick fix. As you put that paper towel in the filter cup, you may wonder if you are doing the right thing.
What about chemicals in the paper towel? Will they leach into your cuppa? Is this method harmful to your health? Let's find out.
Your coffee filter has a lot in common with paper towels. Other than the thickness and ability to absorb, they are few differences between the two. However, if you thought a paper is only made of wood pulp then you are mistaken.
You need to keep a few things in mind when using a paper towel as a substitute filter and I have mentioned them below:
Are The Papers Towels Bleached?
When the thought of using a paper towel in the place of filters crosses the mind, the first thing or concern is chemicals used for bleaching paper towels. Paper bleaching is certainly an issue and it can allow unwanted chemicals to leach into your cup.
However, in most cases, the contaminants are not severe and the health risks are negligible (unless you make it a habit to use paper towels every day).
When you pour hot water over the grounds placed inside the paper towel, water acts as an extracting agent for any industrial chemical used in the manufacturing process. As most paper towels are bleached using chlorine, the chlorinated dioxins present in the product may pose some health risks.
pouring hot drink to the mug
Water acts as an extracting agent for any industrial chemical
Surprisingly, a study in the '80s revealed that one in every ten thousand cases of cancer among coffee drinkers was due to dioxins leaching from the paper filters. While the chemicals leaching from coffee filters are low, the number of dioxins extracted from paper towels may certainly be harmful to your health in the long run.
While the recent improvements in the paper bleaching industry have reduced this risk to a large extent, some traces of dioxins may still be present in the bleached paper. If you wish to completely eliminate the risk of dioxin intake, switch to natural paper instead!
Are The Paper Towels Recycled?
Well, let's not forget that the paper towels were not designed to be used as a coffee filter. It is meant for wiping, but of course, you may use it as a makeshift paper filter when you badly need coffee and the box is empty. Everyone does. I have done it too.
However, the paper contains contaminants that it gets during the manufacturing process. These contaminants like strengthening agents, fillers, and dyes have rarely gone through toxicity testing. Some papers may even contain phthalates, Bisphenol-A (BPA), and other hormone imitating chemicals.
Food regulators approve these products because they believe that the papers will not come in contact with the food we consume. When the paper is recycled, contaminants also get recycled with the wood pulp, resulting in traces of chemicals in recycled paper towels.
That does not mean that you should not buy recycled paper towels because they have a myriad of environmental benefits. Just that using them for filtering your coffee is not the ideal way to start your mornings.
How To Use A Paper Towel As A Makeshift Coffee Filter？
Running out of coffee filters on a cold winter morning may feel like a big deal. You certainly don't want to go out of the house without something filling your grumpy stomach. This is when paper towels can come to your rescue.
Almost every household has paper towels so when you are in a situation like this, just grab a towel and make a temporary filter out of it. While your coffee may not taste as great, it is certainly better than no coffee at all!
Step 1: To make a temporary coffee filter, always use a full-sized paper towel and lay it flat over a table
Step 2: Now fold the paper towel vertically into half
Step 3: Again fold the paper towel into another half (you will now get an almost square shape)
Step 4: Now take the folded paper towel and use the open ends to create a pocket to put your coffee grinds and keep it back into the filter cup
Step 5: Put your favorite coffee grounds inside the pocket
Step 6: Remember to fold the outer edges to ensure that the pot lid closes completely
Step 7: Now add hot water (not boiling hot) slowly into the filter cup and let the coffee drip into the pot
Step 8: Now enjoy your morning coffee. This may not taste as great as the coffee flavor you are used to, but you can still manage to have coffee without any filters
What Are Other Alternatives To Paper Towel？
Many coffee enthusiasts may not approve of paper towels as the right substitute for paper filters. If you have similar feelings, here are some alternatives that you may try. Each method has its own set of pros and cons, but as I said these come in handy as a quick-fix solution when you suddenly run out of coffee filters.
Cheesecloth is a cotton cloth used in the making of cheese and it resembles a gauze used for separating liquids from solids. They come in different grades ranging from very fine to open ones. You may use a fine cheesecloth to brew when you have run out of coffee filters.
Use in the same method as mentioned for the paper towels. Fold or cut it into halves to fit your brewing equipment. The biggest advantage of using cheesecloth as a substitute is that the fabric is stronger than paper towels and it will not tear at the time of brewing.
On the downside, not many people have cheesecloth as easily available as paper towels. Even if you do, you will need to cut it and discard it after one use.
Cloth Napkin
kitchen napkin laid on top of a table
Set a cloth napkin on the automatic drip or pour over the basket
If you have no paper towels at hand, you may use a dishtowel or a clean cloth napkin to brew your coffee. To use a cloth napkin as a filter, set it on the automatic drip or pour over the basket (you may use a rubber band to secure the cloth on the top while letting it slightly droop inside).
Now, put two tablespoons of freshly ground coffee inside the napkin and slowly pour hot water (again not boiling hot) into it. Carefully remove the cloth napkin from the mug to prevent the grounds from dropping into the mug and rinse the cloth.
The advantage of using this method is that almost everyone has a clean towel somewhere in the house and this is a reliable method. The cons include the probability of staining the cloth napkin, puddles on the sides of the mug, and your coffee tasting a lot like laundry detergent.
Mesh Sieve
Another way to save your mornings when you run out of coffee filters is using a mesh sieve. To use this option, put two tablespoons of coffee grounds in a measuring cup and pour not-very-hot water into the cup and stir it using a spoon. Let it sit for 5 minutes or more if you prefer a really strong coffee.
Now you can pour out the coffee into a mug using a fine mesh sieve.
The advantage of using this substitute is that it is extremely scalable and you may brew a whole pot of coffee using this method. You can also control how strong you want your coffee to be.
On the downside, a mesh sieve cannot hold the finest coffee grounds that drip into the mug and does not retain the oils that are usually absorbed by the filters. Your coffee may taste different using a mesh sieve, but this certainly better than no coffee!
Can You Use A Paper Towel As A Coffee Filter: The Final Word
Just because you ran out of coffee filters or you don't have access to one while traveling does not mean you have to give up the joy of treating yourself to a delicious cup of Joe. Using paper towels instead is a quick and reliable substitute that can save your mornings.
While coffee purists may disapprove of this method citing various reasons, I feel this is the most sustainable solution. After all, who doesn't have paper towels?
You may also try the other methods mentioned in this post to see what works best for you!
See Also:


text:
If you are caring
for an elderly loved-one, consider keeping their
refrigerator well stocked to keep them healthy. Sounds
strange? Well a newly published research letter in the
August 12, 2000 issue of The Lancet suggests this claim
According to the
report, "Elderly people with empty refrigerators are
more likely to be readmitted to the hospital after
assessment compared with patients with adequate
refrigerator content." Researchers from Geneva
University Hospital in Switzerland conducted the study.
A total of 132 elderly patients (aged 65 and older)
recently discharged from the hospital for various
aliments were studied. All received routine medical
visits in their homes at least once a month after their
release from the hospital. During the visits, medical
researchers did a thorough assessment of their
refrigerator content; classifying it as adequate,
inadequate or empty.
of adequate meant the seniors contained the appropriate
amounts of different food products to maintain proper
nutrition. An inadequate measure was based on
refrigerators containing rotten foods or outdated foods.
An empty classification proposed there were less than
three different food products in the fridge.
collected included variables such as body mass index,
biological markers and nutrition. In addition, social
data was collected and proved to be a valuable measure.
According to a report on Aging-Related Statistics
published in 2000 by the Federal Interagency Forum,
seniors who are socially active are more likely to have
better physical and mental health.
evaluated for at least three months, and the numbers and
exact dates of hospital admission were calculated within
the figure. The study recorded that of the 132
refrigerators assessed, 119 or 90% were classified as
having adequate or inadequate food content and 13 or 10%
were considered empty. The patients with an empty
refrigerator, compared to patients with a full
refrigerator, did not differ in age, gender, body mass
index, or socially.
According to the
findings, four or 31% of the patients with empty
refrigerators were admitted back into the hospital four
weeks following the conclusion of the assessments. Only
10 or 8% of those patients with a full fridge had to be
readmitted into the hospital.
concludes that the adjusted risk of being admitted was
increased threefold with an empty refrigerator.
suggests that future studies need to be completed in
other settings to help determine the impact on one's
health from an empty refrigerator. However, caregivers
may want to take notice of food content in their
loved-one's home. The report does not give direction as
to which food products should be kept stocked up, just
that the food product should not be spoiled or outdated.
The Food and Drug Administration's food pyramid is
normally recommended for an adequate source of nutrition
for most people, except those on special diets.
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