text:
The phrase Grand Cross is used to describe the highest grade in many types of knighthood. Sometimes the person with the highest grade are called "knights grand cross" or just "grand crosses". Sometimes the actual medallion or ribbon is called "the grand cross" and not the person.
In some orders, the highest grade may be called the "grand cordon", "grand collar" or something like this. In those cases the rank of grand cross may come after another rank, but before the highest grade.
As an example:
- for the Portuguese Order of Saint James of the Sword, the Grand Cross is the 5th highest award, with the Grand Collar being a higher award above the Grand Cross.


How to cook rice in rice cooker
What is the ratio of rice to water in a rice cooker?
How do you cook white rice in a rice cooker?
Ingredient amounts in the recipe summary are for the default serving size. Wash rice. Wash 1 cup of rice in cold water. Add water. Add 1 cup of water. Cook. Place it in the rice cooker and select white rice (if there is an option). Serve. With a rice spatula, flip through the rice very gently.
How much water do I put in a rice cooker for 2 cups of rice?
Please note, I use the same measuring cup for BOTH rice and water in order for the ratios below to work. For any type of grain size (short, medium, or long) you can follow a 1:1 ratio of water to rice. If you want to add more rice, you can adjust the recipe in a similar way, 2 cups of rice to 2 cups of water.
How long does 1 cup of rice take to cook in a rice cooker?
Do you put rice or water first in rice cooker?
You might be interested: How to cook white rice in microwave
How much rice do I need for 2 cups?
How long does a rice cooker Take for 2 cups of rice?
Why is my rice sticky?
How do you keep rice from sticking in a rice cooker?
Many ricemakers go into " keep warm" mode upon completion. When the rice is cooked, unplug the pot and let it sit without any additional heat added. Make sure you stir the rice and water before starting to cook. Just putting in rice and pouring in water (without stirring) tends to cause sticking.
How much water do I use for 3 cups of rice?
You might be interested: How to cook gnocci
How do I cook rice without a rice cooker?
What else can I cook in a rice cooker?
How does a rice cooker Know When rice is done?
A rice cooker cooks using a water to rice ratio that varies by type of rice. As the water gets absorbed, the temperature of the insert begins to rise. Once the water is gone, that increase speeds up. When it reaches a set point, it triggers to cooker to lower or turn off the heat, indicating the rice is done.
How long is rice good in a rice cooker?
11-12 hours
How long does rice need to cook?
18 minutes
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How to cook a stir fry with chicken
How long do i cook pork roast


text: A sample set of registered perennial ryegrass varieties was used to compare how morphological characterisation and AFLP(R)(1) and STS molecular markers described variety relationships. All the varieties were confirmed as morphologically distinct, and both the STS and AFLP markers exposed sufficient genetic diversity to differentiate these registered ryegrass varieties. Distances obtained by each of the approaches were compared, with special attention given to the coincidences and divergences between the methods. When correlations between morphological, AFLP and STS distances were calculated and the corresponding scatter-plots constructed, the variety relationships appeared to be rather inconsistent across the methods, especially between morphology and the molecular markers. However, some consistencies were found for closely related material. An implication could be that these molecular-marker techniques, while not yet suited to certain operations in the traditional registration of new varieties, could be suitable methods for investigating disputable distinctness situations or possible EDV2 relationships, subject to establishing standardised protocols and statistical techniques. Some suggestions for such a protocol, including a statistical test for distinctness, are given.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
[FPSPACE] Fw: Why the Apollo laser reflectors are degrading
ljk4 at msn.com
Fri Mar 5 09:14:09 EST 2010
Sent via BlackBerry by AT&T
From: Technology Review Feed - arXiv blog
Date: Fri, 5 Mar 2010 13:29:01
To:
Subject: the physics arXiv blog
the physics arXiv blog
The Mysterious Degradation Of The Apollo Reflector Arrays
Posted: 04 Mar 2010 09:10 PM PST
The efficiency of the Apollo reflector arrays drops by a factor of ten during a full Moon. Now a new analysis may explain why
Lunar laser ranging experiments have produced a treasure trove of interesting information about the Moon, for example that it is spiralling away from us at a rate of 38 mm per year.
The experiments are simple. Astronomers fire a laser pulse at a reflector placed on the lunar surface by the Apollo 15 mission and then use a telescope to look for the reflection, some 2 seconds later.
The observations are challenging. Of the 10^17 photons that set out towards the Moon in each pulse, only one makes it back, on average. And only then if seeing conditions are good.
When conditions are good, astronomers often take aim at the arrays left by the Apollo 11 and 14 missions which are only a third of the size of Apollo 15's and therefore harder to see. If the observers are feeling lucky, they might also try for the Russian Lunakhod 2 array (the Lunakhod 1 array hasn't been seen since 1971).
All in all, astronomers have been taking observations since 1969, first from the MacDonald Observatory in West Texas and later from the Apache Point Observatory in New Mexico. This gives them a substantial database with which to analyse the behaviour of the reflectors.
So how have these reflectors fared in the harsh conditions on the lunar surface over the years? That's the question addressed today by Tom Murphy at the University of California San Diego and a few buddies. And their analysis poses an interesting problem.
First of all they say that the efficiency of all three Apollo reflector arrays has fallen by an order of magnitude during their sojourn on the Moon. The Lunakhod reflector has fared even worse. When it arrived on the moon in 1973, its signal was 25 per cent stronger than Apollo 15's. Today it is ten times worse.
What's happened this gear?
The reflectors consist of an array of cubic prisms that operate by total internal reflection. In addition, the Lunakhod prisms have silvered surfaces and are more exposed. Degradation of this silvering probably explains its relative drop in performance.
But what has caused the degradation of the Apollo prisms? Anything that settles on or damages the optical surfaces of the prisms will reduce the efficiency of the total internal reflections. Murphy and co discuss several possibilities such as micrometeorite damage, lunar dust aggregation and the breakdown of the Teflon mounting rings which may have left deposits on the back surface of the prisms.
Any of these mechanisms could account for the drop but its hard to pin one down.
However, there is another more intriguing puzzle about the laser ranging data. When the Moon is full, the efficiency of all the Apollo reflectors drops by another factor of ten. Murphy and co have ruled out ground-based effects such as the saturation of their photon detectors when the moon is bright.
So why does this happen? One clue comes from the study of returns during total lunar eclipses. Within 15 minutes of an eclipse occurring, the efficiency of the reflectors returns to its normal levels. When the eclipse ends and the Moon is full again, the efficiency immediately drops again.
That strongly points to a thermal effect. When the Sun is low in the lunar sky, its rays cannot directly enter the prisms which are recessed in the arrays. But when the Sun is overhead (which is when the Moon appears full on Earth), its rays travel directly into the prisms. This is probably heating the prisms, distorting them and reducing the efficiency of their reflections.
But why now? The full Moon effect was not a problem in the early days of lunar ranging.
"Dust is perhaps the most likely candidate for the observed degradation," say Murphy and co. The sunlight is probably absorbed by dust on the optical surfaces which in turn heats the silica prisms.
Dust is known to hover above the lunar surface because of electrostatic forces and micrometeorite impacts probably send a few puffs into the lunar atmosphere on a regular basis.
Interesting work. And one that is of more than passing interest for many astronomers because it has implications for anybody thinking of sending gear to the Moon in future. Various astronomers want to send telescopes to the Moon, particularly the far side because of the tremendous seeing conditions there and its isolation from the Earth. Knowing how the Apollo gear has fared will be crucial when it comes to designing this stuff.
Ref: _URL_.0713 : Long-Term Degradation Of Optical Devices On The Moon

New Model Captures Spread of Personal Information Through Social Networks
Posted: 03 Mar 2010 09:00 PM PST
If you ever share personal information with friends online you probably already use a special set of rules to determine what to reveal and what to keep secret. Now a new model of social networks attempts to capture that process
If you ever chat online to friends, colleagues and relatives, you probably have a set of unwritten rules about the kind of information you share with whom. The sort of thing you might take into account is the likelihood that this person will share your information with others, who these other people might be and whether this will be good or bad for you. Above all, you will almost certainly accept that divulging personal details brings you certain benefits, if only that it will strengthen the social bond between you and your correspondent.
But this attitude to sharing personal information is probably in stark contrast to the way you think about the information you share when carrying out an electronic transaction such buying a book or signing up for a newsletter. In this case, most people feel strongly that they should minimise the information they share.
Strangely, most studies of privacy and the spread of personal information through networks have focused on the latter scenario.Today, Jon Kleinberg and Katrina Ligett at Cornell University redress the balance.
These guys have created a model of information sharing that attempts to capture these subtle rules. In the model, two people must agree to share information. The model assumes that they do this strategically to maximize their benefits they receive based on their expectations about what others will do. The model captures the benefit or disadvantage by allowing it take a positive or negative value.
The result is a kind of network formation game, in which players must decide which links to maintain and which to cut so as to maximize their benefits or minimise their losses.
Clearly, this is a game that can produce extremely rich behaviour. Kleinberg and Ligett's goal is to study the the most basic version of the model that is still rich enough to produce meaningful results.
What they find makes for interesting reading. For example, they say that the model provides an easy way to monitor social welfare, simply by adding up the benefits that everybody gets. They can also look for networks that maximise social welfare.
Kleinberg and Ligett look particularly at stable networks in which people are not forced to make and cut ties since these seem to best represent the ones that humans form naturally. But the new approach allows the researchers to ask an interesting question:

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


« · »
Problem 6.2: A brick falls on a nail
Please wait for the animation to completely load.
A 1.5-kg brick falls a given height onto a 15-gram spike as shown in the animation (position is given in meters and time is given in seconds). Restart.
 1. Determine the work done on the brick by the nail.
 2. Use your calculation in (a) to determine the average force exerted on the nail by the brick.
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text:
The Red-footed Booby bird is the smallest of the booby birds at 71 centimetres in length and a 137 centimetre wingspan. It has red legs and the bill and throat pouch are coloured pink and blue.
The Red-footed Booby bird has two plumage forms. The white phase is basically white with black on the flight feathers. The brown form is brown with a white belly rump and tail. Both forms may occur together, as in the breeding colony on St. Giles Island, Tobago. Few seabirds display such a variety of colour phases. Legs and feet are red and their beaks are pale blue. Below you can view a short video of the Red Footed Booby Bird.
The Red-footed Booby bird breeds on islands and coasts in tropical oceans. It winters at sea and is therefore rarely seen away from the breeding colonies.
The Red-footed Booby bird nests in large colonies, laying one chalky blue egg in a stick nest in a tree, which is incubated by both adults for 44 - 46 days. It may be 3 months before the young first fly and 5 months before they make extensive flights.
Red-footed Booby pairs may remain together over several seasons. They perform elaborate greeting rituals, including harsh squawks and the males display of his blue throat.
Young Red-footed Booby birds are wholly brown or blackish grey with a black beak, facial skin and grey legs. Immature have patchy underwings without a definite pattern, white back, mottled grey-brown head and red or brownish legs. Length: 66 - 77 centimetres (26 - 30 inches); wingspan: 91 - 101 centimetres (36 - 40 inches). The Red-footed Booby bird has an average life span of 22 years.
The Red-footed Boobies of the Galapagos Midway island are a white colour morph. Adult birds have white body and tail plumage. Upperwings have black primary and greater secondary coverts. About 444 pairs nest on Eastern Island.
The Red-footed Booby birds feed by diving vertically into the water and rarely within sight of land. They can dive up to 30 metres to pursue their prey. They feed primarily on flying fish and squid. They either feed on their own or within a mixed species flock. They search for their food anytime during the day and after dark. Red-footed Boobies are specialized in catching flying fish. They dive while skimming at the surface of the ocean and they do it far from shore. For that reason sometimes they need the whole day or even more in their fishing raids and their chicks have therefore to fast in the nest until their parents return with food.
Colonial in nature, the Red-footed Booby differs from the other Boobies by making their nests in small trees and shrubs. Colonies can be found on Tower, Culpepper, Wenman, Gardener-near Floreana, Pinta and Isla Pitt. They are rarely seen in areas other than where they breed. Eggs can be found throughout the year with colonies hatching at the same times.
The voice of the Red-footed Boobies is like that in the other booby birds. However both the whistle and the honk come accompanied by an inflexion that sounds like a grunt. Besides this, red boobies come in two different morphotypes; the brown and dominant and the white recessive. These morphotypes make them look very special in the sense of beauty. Is important to remember that in spite of the great apparent difference they show, both colours are from the exact species of Boobie. They are not different species.


text:
A morphological chart is a visual way to capture the necessary product functionality and explore alternative means and combinations of achieving that functionality. For each element of product function, there may be a number of possible solutions. The chart enables these solutions to be expressed and provides a structure for considering alternative combinations. This can enable the early consideration of the product 'architecture' through the generation and consideration of different combinations of'sub-solutions' that have not previously been identified. Used appropriately, it can help to encourage a user driven approach to the generation of potential solution.\
- List product functions.
- List the possible'means' for each function.
- Chart functions and means & explore combinations
Chart gives various no. of alternative solution for the problem. choose each alternative evaluate them on
your design criteria. and now you have got the pefect solution.


text:
Community Goals in Elite: Dangerous
Community Goals in Elite Dangerous is a kind of mission that is shared by the entire community - for example a goal may be for the community to trade/donate enough food to a single system that is suffering a famine, or to trade/donate enough materials to build a large capital ship for one of the navies.
- The progress of community goals is shared between both Open, Private Group and Solo play.
- You cannot try to directly compete against a goal, but there may be individual community goals competing against each other (e.g. a race to build two capital ships)


text:
The Problem of Lemons and Why We Must Retain Juvenile Crime Records
T. Markus Funk
Government of the United States of America - Department of Justice
Daniel D. Polsby
George Mason University School of Law
Cato Journal, Vol. 18, No. 1 (1998).
Most states, and the federal government, have statutes that "expunge" (destroy or seal) a young offender's record of juvenile delinquency when he reaches age 17 or 18. The justification for this policy is that it allows young men (and young women) who have been guilty of "youthful indiscretions" to enter adulthood without the heavy stigmatic freight of a criminal record. At bottom, expungement laws seek to prevent employers, police officers, and even judges from finding out about a person's criminal activities during his minority. Although a policy that allows for the expungement of isolated or minor acts of juvenile delinquency may not raise some of the problems discussed in this article, many current statutes tend to aggressively expunge records full of serious and repeated criminal conduct. Examining economicst George A. Akerlof's "Market for Lemons," this article will discuss some of the not so obvious negative consequences that result from such expungement schemes, such as an increased likelihood that race and socio-economic background may be improperly relied upon in sentencing.
Accepted Paper Series
Date posted: February 8, 1998
© 2013 Social Science Electronic Publishing, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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How to find the missing number in Geometric Progression in Python
So, guys today we will learn How to find the missing number in Geometric Progression in Python. Let's do it together. We are basically supposed to find the number which is missing in GP. GP will be given the form of an array. GP is a progression of numbers with a constant ratio between each number and the one before.
You Guys may find it a bit difficult but don't worry it's too easy, let's dive deep into the code.
Finding the missing number in Geometric Progression in Python
We can find the missing element by literally traversing the array. It is one the simplest solution for which time complexity is O(N)
Another way of finding the missing number is by the binary search method. This is also simple but just the difference that time complexity changes that is O(logN)
Sample : A[] = {1, 5, 125, 625}
Ans : 25
Sample : B[] = {3, 9, 81, 243}
Ans : 27
def noMissed(sample, l, h, ratio):
 if (l >= h):
 return _PHONE_
 m = l + (h - l) // 2
 if (sample[m + 1] // sample[m]!= ratio):
 return (sample[m] * ratio)
 if ((m > 0) and (sample[m] / sample[m-1])!= ratio):
 return (sample[m - 1] * ratio)
 if (sample[m] == sample[0] * (pow(ratio, m)) ):
 return noMissed(sample, m+1, h, ratio)
 return noMissed(sample, l, m-1, ratio)
def find(sample, length):
 ratio = int(pow(sample[length-1] / sample[0], 1.0 / length))
 return noMissed(sample, 0, length-1, ratio)
sample = [3, 9, 81, 243]
length = len(sample)
ans=str(find(sample, length))
print("Missing Number in GP is " +ans)
Missing Number in GP is 27
Want to learn more! Have a look at some more amazing pieces of codes..!
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text:
Definition of bigly
a. - In a tumid, swelling, blustering manner; haughtily; violently. 2
The word "bigly" uses 5 letters: B G I L Y.
Direct anagrams of bigly:
List shorter words within bigly, sorted by length
All words formed from bigly by changing one letter
Browse words starting with bigly by next letter


Spartan Lifestyle: Ways To Live Like A Spartan In Modern World
Jan 5 2020 By Aayushma B.
Spartan lifestyle and values
Spartan lifestyle and values
Sparta was an ancient city in Greece from the 750 to around 3rd Century BCE. Spartan lifestyles and values have been glorified all around the world. Located in the ancient grounds of Laconia in Greece, Spartan people built an empire. There are many claims that life in the ancient city wasn't as good as we think it was. The constitution of Sparta believed in slaves and killing them in order to avoid uprisings. An average man spent their whole life training to be a warrior. Even at that time, the Spartan mentality was very different from the rest of the world. An antique idol of Sparta Warrior
However, there are many principles which made the civilization successful for centuries. The Spartan men and women lived a lifestyle that kept them safe from the world outside. Currently, some people want to be away from the technological world that has made us materialistic. Spartan lifestyle and mentality will instill values different from the modern world.
There are many things that we can learn from these warrior men which can keep us content. You might not be able to follow all their principles as it would be absurd in the modern world to even think of some, but you can adopt the good ones.
The 12 things you must do in order to live your life like a spartan soldier are given below:
1. Minimalism in Spartan Lifestyle:
Spartan lifestyle and values
To this date, you will find thousands of people trying to adopt a minimalistic lifestyle. People have become so spoilt with all the possession that it is almost impossible to survive without them. So, adopting this spartan mentality might be helpful in case you are one of them.
From a very young age, Spartan soldiers were taught to be happy with very little in life. Some might even consider it ruthless keeping a child from their basic needs. But as a Spartan soldier, this was the way of life. Today, people need thousands of things just to go by a single day. This was completely opposite as per the Spartan values. The only piece of clothing that the children could get was a robe.
2. Spartan Diet:
Today, you can order something online that will reach your doorsteps in a few minutes. However, in ancient Sparta, you had to basically earn everything that you ate. From the training period, men were trained to feed themselves. They used to eat whatever they could steal or earn. They had to work hard to be able to feed themselves.
Whatever they ate was healthier compared to the greasy food items that we find today. You have to feed your body protein and veggies that are essential to help you build muscles. However, you didn't feed yourself excessively because that would make you fat and slow.
3. Physique:
Spartan Mentality
The ancient Spartan soldiers had ripped bodies from all the training that they had to undergo. So, if your goal is to develop a Spartan lifestyle and value, you'd better start working on your physical training. The Spartans soldiers used to have lean muscles that enabled them to fight with others, physically and mentally.
4. Spartan Psyche and Mentality:
An average Spartan man had to train himself mentally as well as physically. Only being strong didn't help them all the time. The Spartan soldier lived a lifestyle that required constant fight for survival and had to value whatever they would earn. They would have to steal from people without being caught, otherwise, they would be punished. Such activities made them instinctive.
5. The goal or purpose of Spartan Education:
In modern society, the primary thing for the people mostly become feeding themselves and gather as much wealth as possible. But the Spartan lifestyle and values teach you to follow a goal completely different. If you want to live like a Spartan soldier, you must dedicate your life to serve a particular place or person. Having personal materialistic goals isn't the purpose of a Spartan soldier.
6. Waking Up:
Spartan Mentality
If you are someone who wakes up after 5 snoozes of your alarm, then we have something bad for y0u. Waking up early was one of the very essential lifestyles and values in the Spartan mentality. You will need to start using your time much more efficiently and most importantly, you must wake up early.
7. Training:
Spartan Mentality
Whether you want to grow up to become an army, fighter, engineer or even a doctor, you must follow some Spartans rules and regulations. in order to lead a spartan lifestyle, you will have to train yourself much harder.
The training period in the Spartan lifestyle goes until you die. So, you need to give yourself time to learn and grow. Whatever career you pursue, you need to be able to give it all you have got. Giving up will never be an option.
8. Working in a Team:
Spartan lifestyle and values
As a Spartan, you had to fight in a team. The Spartans army used to form a wall by sticking onto each other during the war that hardly let anyone else pass through. If someone gets injured during the war, the other Spartan soldier used to come and take their place, and they would continue to move forward. So, if you want to work like a Spartan, you will have to learn to work in a team as well.
9. Intellect in Spartan Lifestyle and Value:
Spartan lifestyle and values
As we mentioned above, being strong wasn't enough for the Spartan soldiers. Also, they needed to think smartly. So, sharpening your intellect is extremely important if you want to develop a spartan mentality.
Also, read: 8 Cryptic Texts That Nobody Has Been Able to Decipher Yet
10. Practise Abstinence:
Spartans never involved themselves in any activity that would not result in either making them stronger or smarter. So, they believed all the other activities such as sex and drinking would lead them to get distracted from their values and training. Therefore, if you align your lifestyle by the values the Spartan society, you might have to restrain yourself from such things.
11. Fight Your Way Out:
Spartan lifestyle and values
The Spartan mentality was to do anything they had to for survival. So, you need to be ready to fight through all the tough moments in life. If you didn't, you get killed. If you also want to live that way, you will have to learn to fight with toff situations in life.
12. Discipline in Spartan Lifestyle:
Finally, this has to be one of the most important values you need to live by in a Spartan lifestyle. From the young age of seven, the kids were taught to take care of themselves. They were all taught to fulfill their purpose of becoming ready for the battle.
At present, even if this might not be your goal, whatever goal you have in mind, you need to establish a strong discipline in yourself. Every principle mentioned above will not be possible without considering the disciplined lifestyle that the Spartan's value.
Related Article: 9 Biggest Ancient Civilizations That Disappeared Without A Trace
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text:
Using plotmaple to return multiple plots
I need to generate 4 different plots (one for each multiple choice option).
Is there a way to get all 4 plots using just one plotmaple call?
I currently have 4, and the question seems sluggish when previewing. I'm wondering if it is because of all the back and forth between Maple TA and Maple.
4 separate calls for plots shouldn't be sluggish, I would follow up with support on that concern, however you also have the following option:
I have used this many times.. use the Plots:-display command to display multiple color plots on the same grid, with a legend indicating what choice is what line. For example redLine=choiceA blueLine=choiceB.. etc
Here is a simple to follow example that illustrates this and also uses an algorithmic answer in the multiple choice:
Link to.zip file that can be imported into your Mobius Course (it contains a single question).
Hope it works out for you,
Have you tried using an array of plots?
This post is deleted!


The 3 types of late paying customers
Only around 70% of new businesses with employees make it through the first two years, according to recent data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. As a business owner, you know how difficult it is to maintain profitability regardless of the age of your organization. This is why late paying customers make it that much more difficult for your business to survive.
Most of your clients who do not pay will fall into one of three categories. By better understanding each of the clients within these groupings, you can develop strategies to recoup late payments and lessen the impact of nonpayment.
 1. Those who will do anything to avoid paying
The most effective method for dealing with customers who never pay is to avoid doing business with them in the first place. Before moving forward with a transaction, pull their credit report to get an idea of their payment history, and use this information to avoid getting involved with unreliable customers.
This approach is not always possible, however. If you do get involved with a customer who resists payment at all costs, act quickly and consider working with a collection agency or moving forward with litigation.
 1. Those who will make payments sporadically
In many of these cases, customers who pay sporadically do not always remember to pay their bills or have so much going on that making payments on time is not a priority. To obtain payment, remind your customer of what he or she owes consistently. For example, when you send out the original invoice, send out a reminder a week before its due date.
 1. Those who cannot pay because of financial trouble
For customers who cannot pay due to unforeseen financial circumstances, consider implementing a payment plan for them. Do what you can to develop a payment plan your customer can commit to while not negatively affecting your cash flow.


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Is there a way to show the complete internal structure of an R object in an unambiguous and human readable way?
The str function doesn't exactly do this, as it shows custom representations. For example, applying it to an igraph object gives something like
IGRAPH U--- 3 3 -- Full graph
+ attr: name (g/c), loops (g/x)
+ edges:
[1] 1--2 1--3 2--3
This is nice and readable, but it's specific to igraph objects (it's clear that it uses a custom formatting for them). I'm looking for something general. I found dput, and for a while I thought that this provides complete information. The same igraph object is shown as
structure(list(3, FALSE, c(1, 2, 2), c(0, 0, 1), c(0, 1, 2),
 c(0, 1, 2), c(0, 0, 1, 3), c(0, 2, 3, 3), list(c(1, 0, 1),
 structure(list(name = "Full graph", loops = FALSE),.Names = c("name",
 "loops")), list(), list())), class = "igraph")
But then I read about pairlists in the R Language Definition and I noticed that dput(pairlist(1,2)) gives list(1,2). The information that we started with a pairlist is gone.
So is there something similar to dput that shows the internal structure of an R object and gives complete information about it? (The main reason I want this is that it would help me understand the structure of R objects better.)
If there isn't, how would I query an R object to get enough information about it (in a human readable way---not machine readable) to be able to reconstruct it completely?
share|improve this question
How about.Internal(inspect(foo))? – Joshua Ulrich May 3 '13 at 20:16
I think dput is what you want and the pairlist exception is just that - an exception. As far as I understand you're not supposed to use pairlist's, so the issue of dput'ing it is a bit moot. – eddi May 3 '13 at 20:18
Thanks for the reply _USER_, why don't you put that as an answer? – Szabolcs May 3 '13 at 20:31
I read in your dput output in and str-ed it. I got the standard output for a list with an extra class. I guess you're getting something different because igraphs come from some package. I wonder if there's something like base::str (which doesn't exist) that you can use here. – Frank May 3 '13 at 20:45
add comment
2 Answers
up vote 8 down vote accepted
I don't have much more to add besides my comment, so this is just for completeness for future generations :)
dput is doing what you want. With rare exceptions, one of them being pairlist (I assume there might be other exceptions as well, but I don't actually know what they are), it will not be exactly the same object, but, at least in the case of pairlist there is a reason for that. Since pairlist is not supposed to be used outside of internal code, the output of dput can be considered to be doing the user a favor by converting an internal object into the equivalent external one.
share|improve this answer
There are more exceptions. Environments are dput'ed simply as "", even if they have attributes. Closures lose srcref attributes, the enclosing environment and the bytecode (if present). – Ferdinand.kraft May 4 '13 at 1:33
add comment
dput is a somewhat disappointing solution, as the result is very messy. (It is, however, better than what I was doing before.)
I'd suggest (1) dput, (2) make a copy, (3) assign the base class to the result (as seen in the dput) and (4) str it.
In this case:
> x<-dput(my_graph)
> class(x)<-"list"
> str(x)
List of 9
 $ : num 3
 $ : logi FALSE
 $ : num [1:3] 1 2 2
 $ : num [1:3] 0 0 1
 $ : num [1:3] 0 1 2
 $ : num [1:3] 0 1 2
 $ : num [1:4] 0 0 1 3
 $ : num [1:4] 0 2 3 3
 $ :List of 4
 ..$ : num [1:3] 1 0 1
 ..$ :List of 2
 ....$ name : chr "Full graph"
 ....$ loops: logi FALSE
 ..$ : list()
 ..$ : list()
share|improve this answer
I haven't used dput before, so I don't know how general this approach is. This is basically the same solution _USER_ gave, but with some new steps. I learned a lot from his answer and the comments above. What I've written here was just too long to be a comment on his answer, which is already good enough. I hope someone comes along with a more satisfying answer, though. (I starred the question.).Internal(inspect()) (which _USER_ Ulrich mentioned) might be the next best thing, but I'm not yet programmer enough to read that output at a glance. – Frank May 4 '13 at 2:37
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DataServer.RLOCK Method
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DataServer.RLOCK Method
Lock a specific record in this data server for exclusive write access; other users can still make read-only reference to the record.
Namespace: VO
Assembly: VOSystemClasses (in VOSystemClasses.dll) Version: 2.7
 nRecord AS USUAL := NIL
Request Example View Source
nRecord (Optional)
Type: Usual
The ID (usually a record number) of the record to be locked. If specified, record locks held by the current process are retained. If not specified, all locks held by the current process are released and the current record is assumed.
Return Value
Type: Usual
TRUE if successful; otherwise, FALSE. Note that FALSE is returned even if the record was successfully locked but other record locks cannot be maintained.
When specified with an argument, RLock() does not release records locks held by the current process. Instead, it adds the newly locked record to the lock list.
Tip Tip
Some data servers cannot support the maintenance of multiple record locks or even the lock of a record other than the current one based on a record number.
See Also


text:
Baylor Study Finds People Primed With Christian Religious Words More Likely To Express Racial PrejudiceApril 6, 2010
First study to scientifically test the effect of religion on racial prejudice
Follow us on Twitter: _USER_
A Baylor University study that is the first to scientifically test the effect of religion on racial prejudice has found people primed with Christian concepts led to increased expression of racial prejudice and general negative views toward African-Americans.
The study appeared this week in the premier journal Social Psychological and Personality Science.
"What's interesting about this study is that it shows some component of religion does lead to some negative evaluations of people based on race. We just don't know why," said Dr. Wade Rowatt, associate professor of psychology and neuroscience at Baylor who led the study. "It could be that priming religious words activates cognitive representation of things like right-wing authoritarianism and a Protestant work ethic."
Priming occurs when an earlier stimulus influences a response or behavior to a later stimulus. For instance, when a person is primed with a list of words about furniture that does not include the word "table," a higher percentage of participants would complete a word stem starting with "tab," as in "table," than non-primed people. Another example is people primed with old-age stereotype words walked more slowly down a hall after an experiment than those primed with young-age stereotype words.
Baylor researchers subliminally primed college students with neutral and Christian concepts like "heaven," "faith" and "cross." The participants were asked to categorize words on a computer screen, however before each word appeared, the "prime" word would appear on the computer screen for less than a half second. After being primed, the participants' attitudes toward African-Americans were assessed using both subtle and overt measures. For instance, one experiment presented the participants with an argument for or against a particular social policy that would be beneficial or detrimental to African Americans. The participants then rated the degree to which the argument supported the conclusion, thus reporting their underlying overt feelings toward African-Americans.
To determine if both experimental groups were equivalent with regard to their degree of religiousness or spirituality, measures were administered a few days before the priming experiment. Religiousness and spirituality were also were measured so that these variables could be statistically controlled when analyzing the effect of priming on religion.
Rowatt and his team, led by Baylor graduate student Megan K. Johnson, found when the participants were primed with Christian religious concepts, it increased subtle and overt prejudice toward African-Americans. However, the Baylor researchers also found priming Christian concepts did not cause a shift in reported underlying emotion, such as increases in fear of African-Americans. These priming effects persisted when the researchers controlled for pre-existing levels of religiousness and spirituality.
Media contact: Frank Raczkiewicz, Assistant Vice President of Media Communications, _PHONE_.


text:
Analyze the IP address, browser version, and other visitor details from the last seven days.
The Activity log panel in Squarespace analytics is a searchable list of every time a visitor accessed a URL (a page or post) on your site in the past seven days. Each page visit is its own entry with detailed information such as:
- IP address
- Browser version
- Operating system
The activity log helps you review traffic in granular detail, which can give you insight into:
- The geographic location of your visitors by IP address
- How visitors in specific locations find your site
This may be useful if you've noticed an unusual spike in a short amount of time. It's also a great way to identify the geographical location of visitors by IP address.
The Activity log panel is available in all plans.
Before you begin
- The activity log only shows activity for the previous seven days.
- The activity log tracks visitor activity, not login or editing activity. If you access the site using your custom domain, that visit displays in your activity log.
- A browser's privacy settings could prevent the activity log from capturing every detail about the visitor.
- It's not possible to block specific IP addresses from your site.
Review the Activity log panel
- Open the Analytics panel, click Engagement, then click Activity log.
- The activity log shows the most recent 50 entries from the previous seven days. Each row in the table is a page visit. Scroll down to the bottom and click Load more to view the next 50.
- The Page visited column identifies pages by their page title. If you change a page's title, the Activity log will continue to show the old page title for up to seven days after the change.
Click the search / magnifying glass icon to find activity in the log by:
- Visitor IP address - The IP address, shown in the Visitor IP address column
- Page visited - The page or post title accessed, shown in the Page visited column
- Referrer - By the URL the visitor previously accessed, if this information is available to Squarespace. You can find each log's referrer by clicking on its row.
Tap Analytics, then tap Activity log.
- The activity log shows the most recent entries from the previous seven days.
- Location data is approximate based on the visitor's IP address.
- Each row is a page visit. Scroll to view more.
- Tap any visit to review the site path of every page or post visited, and the time they loaded each URL.
Disable activity log
Some countries have privacy laws about individuals' data, including data that websites collect from visitors. This may include the information which displays in the activity log. To disable the activity log:
- Open the Cookies & Visitor Data panel.
- Scroll down, and switch the Activity Log toggle off.
Disabling the activity log removes all data from the panel. To re-enable the activity log, switch the toggle on.
Note: This guide is available as a resource, but shouldn't be construed or relied upon in any way as legal advice. Per our Terms of Service, Squarespace doesn't provide advice or recommendations regarding laws applicable to your site or business.


text:
Author:Susan Dabney Smedes
|←Author Index: Sm||Susan Dabney Smedes
- Memorials of a Southern Planter (transcription project)
- "A Southern Planter's Ideals of Honor" in Southern Life in Southern Literature (reprinted from Memorials of a Southern Planter, Chapter XX, The Crown of Poverty)
- A Southern Planter's Ideals of Honor (Chapter XX-The Crown of Poverty)
Works by this author published before January 1, 1923 are in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago. Translations or editions published later may be copyrighted. Posthumous works may be copyrighted based on how long they have been published in certain countries and areas.


become the more difficult we tend to think.
Why can't we use Soap?
Depending on the chemical compound in soap, the compound might be harsh for the ironware in which whether the cast iron product is seasoned or not.
So, to be in the safe side it is preferred not to use soap, instead use the oil with lukewarm water.
When it says no soap can be use, it is much more frugal we can become. We can try to think it simpler or even plainly just like the old days
By following the tips above, Nambu cast iron can be successfully care after and Thus revoke the statement above.


text:
Copyright © 2010 Esteban Flores and José R. León R. This is an open access article distributed under the
Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
We apply Rice's multidimensional formulas, in a mathematically rigorous
way, to several problems which appear in random sea modeling. As a first example, the probability
density function of the velocity of the specular points is obtained in one or two dimensions as well
as the expectation of the number of specular points in two dimensions. We also consider, based on a
multidimensional Rice formula, a curvilinear integral with respect to the level curve. It follows that its
expected value allows defining the Palm distribution of the angle of the normal of the curve that defines
the waves crest. Finally, we give a new proof of a general multidimensional Rice formula, valid for all
levels, for a stationary and smooth enough random fields.


Angrily in a sentence
use Angrily in a sentence
The woman shouted angrily at the children to stop teasing the dog.
The teacher shouted angrily at the children to stop throwing rocks at the school.
The boss flung the report at his secretary, and angrily told her to re-type it.
The young boy angrily threw his books on the floor in a gesture of defiance.
The little boy jammed his hands in his pockets, and walked away angrily.
He jerked his head around when he heard his father angrily shouting at him.
The young boy muttered angrily to himself when the teacher told him he had to stay after school.
The old man muttered something under his breath as his wife stomped angrily out of the room.
The woman walked angrily from the room, slamming the door behind her.
The girl slammed the phone down angrily.
The teacher angrily smacked her books on the desk and shouted to the children to sit down.


text:
The conditions of a solitary bird are five:
- The first, that it flies to the highest point;
- The second, that it does not suffer for company, not even of its own kind;
- The third, that it aims its beak to the skies;
- The fourth, that it does not have a definite color;
- The fifth, that it sings very softly.
San Juan de la Cruz
Clicked this snap during the monsoons in 2009, loved the painting effect this snap gives with a solitary bird flying high.
View full image for "The Conditions of a Solitary Bird"


text:
Vermont Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Spreadsheet Project
Exercises in Occupancy Modeling and Estimation
The exercises presented here are designed as a teaching tool to explore the occupancy models described in the book, Occupancy Estimation and Modeling, by Darryl MacKenzie, James D. Nichols, J. Andrew Royle, Kenneth Pollock, Larrisa L. Bailey, and James E. Hines. You should purchase this book before getting started.
Each exercises consists of a spreadsheet exercise, followed by an analysis in programs PRESENCE, MARK, or GenPres. In the near future, we will add coding in program R to each exercise.
Please cite this work as: Donovan, T. M. and J. Hines. 2007. Exercises in occupancy modeling and estimation. < _URL_ >
Last modified August 16 2010 01:40 PM


text:
|Title||Balancing costs and effects based on a randomised comparison of Parent Management Training Oregon and Care As Usual in children with severe conduct disorders|
|Period||06 / 2008 - 12 / 2013|
|Data Supplier||ZonMw Projectenpoort|
|The aim of this project is first to evaluate the balance between costs and effects of Parent Management Training Oregon (PMTO) as compared to Care-As-Usual (CAU) in primary school children with serious behavioural problems, and second to develop a framework for economic evaluation in child and youth care. Several research questions arise from this aim.1 What are the effects of PMTO as compared to CAU at the level of the child (behaviour problems at home and at school, school performance, contact with police), the parents (parenting stress, psychological problems, parenting skills and parent satisfaction), and the family (videotaped parent-child interaction and contacts with child protection agency)?2 What are the overall costs incurred by and after PMTO as compared to CAU?3 How do different stakeholders, i.e. parents, family members, professionals and lay public value antisocial behaviour as compared to normal behaviour using direct rating scales, Time Trade Off (TTO) methods and possibly others?4 How do the outcomes of the above research questions 1 and 3 correlate with health related quality of life outcomes generally used in health economics, i.e. the Child Health Questionnaire and EQ5D?5 What is the incremental cost-effectiveness of MST as compared to CAU in children with antisocial behaviour, in terms of costs per outcome mentioned under 1 (behaviour problems avoided, delinquent act avoided, school drop out avoided, parental stress and problems decreased and skills and satisfaction increased, and abusive interactions avoided), and per QALY gained. In sum, what is the cost-effectiveness of PMTO compared to CAU?6 Can a common framework for economic evaluations in youth care be developed?
BACKGROUND The treatment of children with severe conduct disorders is a challenge for practitioners and academics. Parent Management Training Oregon (PMTO) is promising as such. In the USA, it has been shown to be effective in the treatment of children with serious forms of antisocial behavioural patterns. A study of De Ruiter and co-workers is expected to deliver substantial new evidence. It concerns a randomized controlled trial that compares PMTO to Care As Usual in the Dutch setting. This study as yet does not comprise a full economic evaluation. Knowledge on the cost-effectiveness of PMTO and other treatments for severe conduct disorders is lacking. In general, such economic evaluations of child and youth care can be expected to differ from those conducted in healthcare in several aspects, e.g. valuation of outcomes, accounting for participation in paid labour and societal costs of services use and delinquent behaviour. Thus the standard methodology for the assessment of costs and of outcomes and for the valuation of outcomes may need to be adapted to the specific setting.AIM The aim of this project is first to evaluate the balance between costs and effects of PMTO as compared to Care-As-Usual (CAU) in children with severe conduct disorders and behavioural problems, and second to outline a broad framework for economic evaluation in child and youth care.WORKING PLAN To reach these aims, we propose a study of costs and effects of PMTO framed within the already planned study of De Ruiter and co-workers on the effects of PMTO in the Netherlands. We will add to the fieldwork of that study:-an assessment of costs incurred for PMTO and CAU provided to the control group-an assessment of additional outcomes (effects) such as quality of life experienced (Child Health Questionnaire and EQ5D) not currently included in De Ruiter s study, but standard practice in the assessment of cost-effectiveness in health care (i.e. health economics)-an estimate of effects to be expected after the intervention period, based on a synthesis of the available evidence regarding long-term effects. Moreover, we propose to perform a more general evaluation among relevant stakeholder groups of the utility of several outcomes that are considered relevant in the realm of severe antisocial behaviour. Regarding costs, actual costs of the interventions as well as associated costs will be determined. This will comprise the (time) costs of the professionals, inclusive of training, overhead, communication with relevant stakeholders, and time and travel costs of other relevant stakeholders (family members, educational system etc.) directly involved in planning and coaching of the children with severe conduct disorders.Effects to be assessed will primarily concern the primary outcomes as defined by De Ruiter and co-workers, i.e. outcomes concerning the child (behaviour problems at home and at school, school performance, contact with police), concerning the parents (parenting stress, psychological problems, parenting skills and parent satisfaction), and concerning the family (videotaped parent-child interaction and contacts with child protection agency). These outcomes in theory enable the performance of cost-effectiveness analyses, in which incremental costs are balanced against events averted for a number of different outcomes. Regarding the impact of the condition and successive treatments, we will explore specific domains of (health related) quality of life. We intend to approach several groups of stakeholders, i.e. parents, professionals from the care sector and the judicial sector to develop scales, and measure and establish a valuation or utility score for typical antisocial behaviour. Collaboration with other groups granted financial support for evaluation of specific interventions in this field and freeing or obtaining additional resources for the latter might be a viable option. Direct rating scales, Time Trade Off (TTO) procedures (i.e. which proportion of a given lifetime is an individual willing to trade off if quality of life improves to a defined degree) and Willingness To Pay (WTP) procedure (idem, but now in monetary terms), will be used to valuate the outcomes of interest The project will be performed in close co-operation with other research groups working on the economic evaluation of child and youth care under the umbrella of the same ZonMw program. We foresee that the latter part can only be performed on the basis of such a co-operation.EXPECTED RESULTS The expertise of the research group covers a broad range, from child and youth care, and ortho-pedagogy, to preventive child health care, and mental health, epidemiology, medical technology assessment and economic evaluation. We expect this project to yield important new knowledge that can be applied in these fields. Also the results will contribute to the scientific knowledge needed for care and decision making in child and youth care.
|Project leader||Prof.dr. S.A. Reijneveld|
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Difference Between Similar Terms and Objects
Difference Between a Sleeper Sofa and a Futon
Sleeper sofas and futons are double purpose furniture that have become ubiquitous in modern homes that have limited space or who frequently have guests that stay overnight. Sleeper sofas and futons are also common in hotel rooms to increase sleeping capacity. They are a great way to save on space and are easy to transport. They are also a great way to save on money as one does not have to spend separate money for a couch and a bed. And since they are basically similar in function, sleeper sofas and futons today have very little difference in appearance, especially with modern innovation.
Although modern day sleeper sofas and futons are practically the same in their dual function, the two still differ from each other. Aside from their origins, the two differ mainly in materials used and their construction. Their dimensions are also usually different. More about these dual purpose furniture and their differences are discussed further in the succeeding sections.
What is a Sleeper Sofa?
A sleeper sofa, also called a sofa bed – although the terms are sometimes subtly differentiated, is furniture that is designed primarily as a couch but can be converted into a bed by some mechanism such as hinges or springs. Although there have been many innovations on beds to make them portable or to save space, the first furniture that truly doubles as both a couch and a bed was invented in the 1930's and is credited to Bernard Castro, an Italian immigrant to the United States.
The cushions of sleeper sofas are typically made of foam, while the frame is mostly metal. Foam is a soft but stiff material, so the cushions are made of separate pieces. Some of the cushions are attached directly to the metal frame while the other pieces are detachable, to be placed side by side once the frame has been converted to a bed. While some sleeper sofa frames have a hinged mechanism that allows the backrest to be lowered, most frames have a pullout mechanism under the seat. This overall design makes the sleeping mattress only half as thick as when it is in couch mode and does not give optimum comfort for sleeping.
What is a Futon?
A futon is either the traditional Japanese style of bedding, or the futon sofa bed adapted by western culture – the two being very different. The traditional futon, used by the Japanese since ancient times, is only for sleeping and at its simplest is actually a set composed of mattress, duvet and pillow but without a bedframe. When not in use, traditional futons are first aired out in the open, and then stored in closets. Meanwhile, the western futon is basically a variant of the sleeper sofa invented by William Brouwer in the 1980's.
The futon mattress, whether the traditional or the western futon, is typically made of cotton and is all of one piece that can easily be folded or rolled. The frame is usually made of wood, with a backrest that can be lowered, and a footrest or a hidden deck under the seat that can be raised. The mattress is usually thinner than the cushions of a sleeper sofa in couch mode but thicker when converted into a bed, making the futon more comfortable for sleeping.
Difference between a Sleeper Sofa and a Futon
A sleeper sofa is any type of sofa that can be converted into a bed. A futon is either the traditional Japanese style of bedding composed of mattress, duvet and pillow, with no bedframe, or the adapted western futon which is basically a variant of the sofa bed.
Main function
A sleeper is mainly sitting furniture, with the bed as its second function. The futon is primarily a type of bedding with the mattress serving secondarily as a seat cushion for a sofa.
The first truly dual function sleeper sofa was invented by Bernard Castro in the 1930's while the futon was adapted into western use by William Brouwer in the 1980's.
Mattress or cushions
A sleeper sofa cushion is typically made of foam; it is soft but stiff. It cannot be folded nor rolled; instead, it can be made into separate pieces. Futons are usually made of cotton, made of one piece and as such, they can be easy to fold or roll.
Frame designs
Sleeper sofas frame are usually made of metal and are of a pullout design, with the extension hidden under the seat. Western futon frames are typically wood made in a hinged design, with a backrest that can be lowered and a footrest or a hidden deck under the seat that can be raised.
Seating comfort
Sleeper sofas are usually more comfortable than futons as seats, with thicker seat cushions than futons.
Sleeping comfort
Sleeper sofas are less comfortable as beds since the mattress is thinner than that of futons when spread out.
Sleeper Sofas vs Futons
 - Sleeper sofas and futons are double purpose furniture that are very useful as both seats and beds in homes with limited space or as extra sleeping areas for guests staying overnight.
 - They are also cost saving furniture due to their dual function.
 - Sleeper sofas come in many designs but their main quality is that they are made as couches first before beds.
 - Futons are the traditional Japanese style of bedding composed of mattress, duvet and pillow, without a bedframe. It was a adapted into the western culture as a sleeper sofa, with the mattress serving as seat cushion.
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[1]Image credit: _URL_
[2]Donahue, Alan. "Types of sofa bed mechanisms." Hunker. March 16, 2018. _URL_ (accessed October 30, 2019).
[3]Krino, Gary. "New-look futons are versatile and stylish." Orlando Sentinel. March 20, 1999. _URL_ (accessed October 30, 2019).
[4]Ramos, Maria. "What's a Japanese Futon?" Good Night's Rest. June 24, 2019. _URL_ (accessed October 30, 2019).
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Is there a possibility to factorize a parametric polynomial expression - meaning that the coefficients are defined as parameters, and not as specific numbers?
My example - a polynomial in s, with R1,..., R5 and C1,..., C2 being parameters:
LP2nTfDen = R1 R4 + R4 R5 + C2 R1 R2 R4 s + C1 R1 R3 R5 s + C2 R2 R4 R5 s -
 C1 C2 R1 R2 R4 R5 s^2
I'd like Mathematica to transform the expression in the form (A + s) (B + s)..., A, B, etc. being expressions of R1,..., R5, C1, C2. Is this possible?
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
It looks like your resulting expression will have a unit coefficient for the highest power. In this case you can do :
expr = Times @@ (s - Solve[LP2nTfDen/Last@CoefficientList[LP2nTfDen, {s}] == 0, s][[All,1, 2]]) ;
expr == LP2nTfDen/Last@CoefficientList[LP2nTfDen, {s}] // Simplify
(* True *)
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Your Answer


text:
RSSB Rail Carbon Tool Training
The Network Rail Environmental and Social Minimum Requirements standard requires certain rail projects (those with over £1 million spend on civils, track and Overhead Line Equipment (OLE)) to undertake a carbon assessment using the RSSB Rail Carbon Tool. Projects must demonstrate that they have undertaken an assessment and used the results to influence design and construction.
In addition, there are UK policy requirements such as the goals to achieve zero carbon emissions by 2050. Measuring and reducing carbon is also important for achieving verification for specifications such as PAS (Publicly Available Specification) 2080. PAS2080 is the world's first low carbon infrastructure specification which provides a framework for the industry to evaluate and manage whole life carbon emissions aiming to deliver reduced carbon and reduced cost solutions.
This training has been recently developed to introduce delegates to the RSSB Rail Carbon Tool. Specifically, how to use the tool and the benefits of using it on UK rail infrastructure projects to reduce embodied carbon and save money.
The Rail Carbon Tool is free to access for both RSSB members and non-members working in the GB rail sector.
Any organisation undertaking a large infrastructure project will have to hold the expertise to use the Rail Carbon Tool. The training is aimed at individuals who would use the tool to undertake carbon assessments for their projects and reduce carbon emissions through design and construction which can result in capital and operational cost savings.
This training is likely to be relevant to (but not limited to) environmental professionals, engineers, project managers and estimators.
- Learn the background to the tool and the regulatory and legislative context for undertaking carbon assessments.
- How to reduce carbon emissions through design and construction for capital and operational cost savings.
- Complete practical exercises on mock rail infrastructure projects using the Rail Carbon Tool.
- How the Rail Carbon Tool can be used to undertake carbon assessments for projects.
All delegates are required to bring a laptop / tablet with the Rail Carbon Tool installed.
This training will be delivered by Elliot Shiers. Elliot is a practitioner member of the Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment (IEMA) with eight years of experience in delivering environmental and sustainability management solutions on complex and nationally significant rail infrastructure projects.
Elliot has expertise in undertaking carbon assessments, using the Rail Carbon Tool and has worked extensively on a variety of rail infrastructure projects to deliver carbon and cost savings and help projects meet their sustainability targets and objectives.
Background on the tool
The video below provides an introduction to the Rail Carbon Tool and some background on why the tool was developed.


Is there a spiritual component to marijuana?
Ganja yoga - smoke weed in higher spheres?
Doga (dog yoga), beer and laughter yoga. The yoga trends are just sprouting up. In this article we want to introduce you to one of them: Ganja Yoga. Smoking weed and yoga sounds like an extraordinary combination at first, but what is really behind it? In our article you will find out where this trend originated, how cannabis consumption can support you in your yoga practice and bring you closer to the goals of yoga.
How do yoga and cannabis use fit together?
Ganja yoga is enjoying increasing popularity in the USA. Some US states where cannabis use is legal already have their own centers for this form of yoga. For example in California, the state in which the trend developed. Sun, beach, yoga and weed - actually not a bad idea. But maybe one or the other wonders to what extent yoga and weed go together. On the surface, it seems that smoking weed is more likely to keep us from achieving the goals of yoga practice. Ultimately, in yoga, we want to bring body and mind into harmony and achieve a state of inner calm and clarity. Does cannabis use obscure this condition or can it bring us closer to the goals of yoga?
Ganja Yoga: Combination of yoga and weed
People who smoke weed often justify their preference by saying that cannabis makes them feel more relaxed and balanced. And it is not just the Rastafarians who believe that they can reach a higher sphere of consciousness by consuming marijuana. THC, the most prominent cannabinoid in cannabis, docks in the brain on receptors that are usually available for endogenous cannabinoids such as anandamides. The function of anandamides has not yet been adequately researched, but it is assumed that they play an important role in perception, pain processing and memory, among other things. If THC attaches to the receptors, it can trigger reactions similar to anandamides. For example, the consumption of cannabis can lead to a state of deep relaxation or fatigue in some users, or to sudden hunger, the famous munchies. So it seems like both yoga and cannabis use could bring some benefits in achieving a present and peaceful state. A combination of the two could lead to an increase in the effect.
Ganja yoga focuses on the spiritual component of yoga practice
Ganja yoga can be particularly attractive for yogis who have previously practiced yoga primarily for sporting reasons and who found it difficult to get involved in the spiritual part. It is obvious that this form of yoga is one of the most relaxed types of yoga. The spiritual component of yoga practice is the focus of ganja yoga. First and foremost, the participants should relax and feel good. Representatives of Ganja Yoga report that by consuming cannabis it is easier for them to get involved in the yoga practice, to open the mind, to break away from the will to compete, to break inner boundaries and to overcome mental barriers. Since cannabis affects most people differently, this perception is subjective. If you want to find out whether ganja yoga is right for you, you have no choice but to try the yoga practice yourself. At Vice you can find a cool article about ganja yoga and meditation, a self-experiment with cannabis. And by the way: CBD yoga is all the rage and is a bit too heavy for everyone who likes weed.


text:
Lost Mound is located where the once vibrant Savanna Army Depot once was (still there, just not operational). It is part of the Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife Refuge and is a birder's paradise, yet still fairly unknown. The signs and sights tell you otherwise, but Lost Mound is unbelievable when it comes to birds.
While in Rhode Island we have started to see lots of Northern Mockingbirds. This was a life bird for Dakota, and a bird we seldom see in northern Illinois. Northern Mockingbird with earwig


- Cobalt-60
 What is Cobalt-60?
 Cobalt-60 is an isotope that emits gamma rays essential to the medical community for cancer treatments, as well as sterilization of medical devices.
 Sterilization Cobalt-60
 Sterilization Cobalt-60 is the first and most widely used type of Cobalt-60. It is employed by the healthcare industry to sterilize medical devices such as sutures, gloves and syringes. This type of Cobalt-60 is typically sourced from nuclear companies like Bruce Power in great quantities. In fact, LSA Cobalt-60 from Bruce Power sterilizes more than 40 per cent of the world's single-use medical devices.
 Medical-grade Cobalt-60
 Medical-grade Cobalt-60 is used worldwide to battle cancer and for radiation therapy for the treatment of complex brain conditions. Bruce Power has recently begun producing this new source of Cobalt, which will ensure doctors and their patients have treatments when they need them, and access to new and innovative machines.
 What is Bruce Power's role in its creation?
 For more than 30 years, the four reactors at Bruce Power's Bruce B generating station have been a reliable Cobalt-60 supply for Nordion, an Ottawa-based company.
 The Cobalt-60 rods are stored in Bruce Power's secondary fuel bay. The harvested rods are suspended on the wall of the fuel bay, about 14 feet below the surface; the water providing employees with shielding from the radioactivity. From the reactivity mechanism deck over the fuel bay, Bruce Power's specialized fuel handlers extract the individual irradiated rods and place them in a shielded flask to be shipped to Nordion's facility.
 Cobalt-60 process
 What can be done with Cobalt?
 Gamma sterilization is a proven process that's highly effective at treating single-use medical devices. With the ability to penetrate products while sealed in its final packaging, gamma sterilization economizes the manufacturing and distribution process, while still ensuring full sterility of the product.
 Sterilization of Combination Devices
 A combination device is a medical device combined with a tissue, pharmaceutical or other component that falls within one or more regulatory standards, such as drug-eluting stents. Sterilization can affect drug and material properties, so sterilization by gamma irradiation is applied to ensure that the combination device's sterility and functionality are maintained.
 Sterilization of Implantable Devices
 Implantable devices include orthopedics (i.e. knees), stents, heart valves and more. Metal and polymers present a challenge to some sterilization modalities. Gamma is highly efficient for sterilization of implantable devices; in fact, the highest percentage of sterilization modalities for orthopedics is gamma. Additionally, many implantable devices are high value and therefore depend on a reliable process to ensure quality control and prevent the potential for lost product due to processing faults.
 Sterilization of Pharmaceuticals
 Sterilization by gamma irradiation is advantageous for a wide range of pharmaceutical products. Due to the high demand in the pharmaceutical industry, gamma has proven itself to be an effective method as indicated by its acceptance in the European Pharmacopeia, and, more recently, drafted into the United States Pharmacopeial Convention. Some of the advantages of gamma over other modalities include high penetration power, isothermal character (small temperature rise) and no residues. It also provides a better assurance of product sterility than aseptic processing and lower validation demands.
 Gamma Knife and Cancer Treatment
 One of the technological advancements is the Elekta Gamma Knife? surgery, which uses an innovative tool that allows for non-invasive treatment of brain disorders, which is complex to do through conventional means. Stereotactic Radiosurgery using Cobalt-60 therapy allows doctors to deliver higher doses of radiation to tumours, while limiting damage to the surrounding healthy tissue and organs. For many brain cancers, Cobalt-60 therapy is one of the most precise and advanced forms of radiation treatment available.
 Gamma Knife radiosurgery is a type of radiation therapy used to treat tumours and other abnormalities in the brain. In Gamma Knife radiosurgery, specialized equipment focuses close to 200 tiny beams of radiation on a tumour or other target. Although each beam has very little effect on the healthy brain tissue it passes through, a strong dose of radiation is delivered to the site where all the beams meet.
 Gamma Knife radiosurgery is usually a one-time therapy, completed in a single day.
 Another such way is Xcision's GammaPod, which is a new solution that is designed to provide non-invasive treatments to patients, with the potential to shorten the course of radiotherapy and limit doses to the surrounding healthy tissue, including the whole breast, heart and lungs.
 Insect Sterilization
 Cobalt-60 is the key component of the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT), a process aimed at eliminating or, at a minimum, suppressing the population of insects that spread disease like Zika virus. In this case it's like a high-tech form of insect birth control for mosquitoes.
 The International Atomic Energy Association has deployed the SIT using gamma radiation from Cobalt-60 to combat the spread of Zika and West Nile viruses, as well as dengue. SIT poses no risk to the environment or to public health and, in fact, is considered one of the most environmentally friendly insect pest control methods ever developed because the insects are not self-replicating and do not become established in the environment.
 Pioneered in the 1950s, SIT involves using gamma irradiation to render sterile insects such as male tse-tse flies, screw-worm flies and other fruit flies, especially in climates that stay warm year-round. After irradiation, large numbers of sterile males are released into the wild, dramatically reducing the number of insects in the next generation. Repeated release can eventually wipe out a population of insects.
 Food Irradiation
 Gamma is also used to disinfect certain food and consumer products such as spices and cosmetics, and eliminate invasive insect pests from tropical produce prior to export to various countries. While some methods leave traces of toxic substances, gamma rays do not. The rays are highly effective at killing micro-organisms and insect pests, yet there is no residue or radioactivity on or in the products and packaging. This means no quarantine is required, and product is immediately available for shipment or use after processing.
 The American Spice Trade Association provides guidance on the use of irradiation as a microbial reduction strategy for spices. In some countries, regulatory requirements and consumer demands are restricting the use of chemical treatments required for export of fruits and vegetables. The growing awareness of the dangers of chemicals that are known carcinogens has led countries to review and, in some cases, suspend their use. These and other drivers have resulted in an increase in irradiation of food products as an alternative to chemical treatments.
 Gamma irradiation is also used to treat meat and produce against micro-organisms such as E. coli and salmonella. Irradiation is for the safety of consumers and neither changes the taste nor the nutrient levels of the food.
 Agriculture and R&D
 Cobalt-60, which is produced in four of Bruce Power's eight nuclear reactors, is used for the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT), which could be a powerful strategy for controlling the pepper weevil, a devastating pest problem for Ontario pepper farmers. Bruce Power and Nordion have both put forth funding and support for a multi-year study led by University of Guelph Professor Cynthia Scott-Dupree on sterilizing pepper weevils using Cobalt-60. The researchers hope to control pepper weevils, which can burrow into farmed peppers and destroy them from the inside.
 It is very difficult to control these insects when they are hidden inside the pepper, and, in 2016, pepper weevils caused significant damage to the crop in both field and greenhouse production systems.
 Gamma radiation from Cobalt-60 will sterilize the insects before they are released to mate normal, unsterilized pepper weevils in greenhouses. The only pepper weevils released will have all the attributes of normal, unsterilized weevils, except they are sterile. When they mate, the eggs will not be viable, no progeny results and the pest population will decrease.
 This innovative research could improve Ontario's agricultural sector by reducing the impact of pests on produce, while also providing a possible gateway to the future of farming.
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Evidence of traffic-related pollutant control in soil-based Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS)
Item TypeJournal Article
MetadataShow full item record
SUDS are being increasingly employed to control highway runoff and have the potential to protect groundwater and surface water quality by minimising the risks of both point and diffuse sources of pollution. While these systems are effective at retaining polluted solids by filtration and sedimentation processes, less is known of the detail of pollutant behaviour within SUDS structures. This paper reports on investigations carried out as part of a co-ordinated programme of controlled studies and field measurements at soft-engineered SUDS undertaken in the UK, observing the accumulation and behaviour of traffic-related heavy metals, oil and PAHs. The field data presented were collected from two extended detention basins serving the M74 motorway in the south-west of Scotland. Additional data were supplied from an experimental lysimeter soil core leaching study. Results show that basin design influences pollutant accumulation and behaviour in the basins. Management and/or control strategies are discussed for reducing the impact of traffic-related pollutants on the aqueous environment.
Napier, F., et al. 2009. Evidence of traffic-related pollutant control in soil-based Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS). Water Science and Technology. 60(1): pp.221-230. Available from: DOI: 10.2166/wst.2009.326


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2D graphics with drag & drop
Combinum CPQ has a built-in graphics engine for visualization of configured products in real time while the user makes the selections.
This solution targets everything that is suitable to represent using rule-driven vector graphics. Some typical examples include installation drawings for elevators, placement of solar panels on a roof and hydraulic schemas for valves.
By combining the 2D graphics with Combinum's flow actions, both clickable graphics and drag & drop can be achieved for an interactive user experience.
- Design of graphics in the modelling tool Combinum Architect.
- Elements for arc, circle, ellipse, image, line, path, polyline, polygon, rectangle, symbol and text.
- Support for driving graphical attributes like measurements, position, flip, rotation, text, color etc. by formulas.
- Gathering of graphic elements in symbols in any number of levels.
- Dynamical patterns of symbols shall be repeated.
- Rules for controlling which symbols are included.
- Gradients for creation of natural looking surfaces.
- Functions for color manipulation and color conversions with support for RAL.
- Downloading of graphics in the formats SVG, DXF, PNG and PDF.
- Responsive sizing of graphics according to available area on the web page.
- Support for embedding of generated graphics in reports.


From StrategyWiki, the video game walkthrough and strategy guide wiki
Jump to navigation Jump to search
This template is used to determine what your starting Pokémon would be in Pokémon Mystery Dungeon: Explorers of Time and Explorers of Darkness. This is the personality test from the game.
To use this template, copy and paste the template from the section below to your userpage. In the first line are are two options for displaying the template:
 1. display: left, right, none. Floats the template to the left, right or not at all with "none." Default is to the right.
 2. sex: male, female, [other]. Your sex; default is "male" and if you put anything else, it will use "female" to determine your Pokémon.
After that just take the quiz like any other by switching the "n" in the answer you want to "y." For instance in the first question if you would stop running in the last mile of a marathon, you would switch the "n" to a "y" in that response so it looks like this:
Q01: You're in the final mile of a marathon, but the last stretch is exhausting! What will you do?
 |A01-1=n| Hang in there and finish!
 |A01-2=y| Stop running.
 |A01-3=n| Find a shortcut.
You can also skip questions where none of the answers apply, or you can change multiple answers to "y" if you want. The test will still work this way, although in the actual game you only get one answer and each question must be answered.
Once you are satisfied and have saved the page, the Starter Pokémon template is called onto the page. Unfortunately, it doesn't look like I can just substitute the template, due to some variables being used, so you'll end up with a condensed template containing just your answers. This means if you want to change some answers, you'll need to copy/paste this template in again. Sorry!
{{subst:User:Najzere/Pokémon personality test|display=right|sex=male|
 |A01-2=n| Stop running.
 |A01-3=n| Find a shortcut.
Q02: Would you even consider sticking to a plan to do ten sit-ups a day?
 |A02-1=n| Yes! That's easy!
 |A02-2=n| Yes. Hard work, though.
 |A02-3=n| No! Who'd want to do that?!
Q03: What do you do with your allowance?
 |A03-1=n| Save it!
 |A03-2=n| Spend it!
 |A03-3=n| Spend half, save half.
 |A03-4=n| I don't get an allowance!
Q04: You have to move a heavy suitcase. What will you do?
 |A04-1=n| Carry it by myself.
 |A04-2=n| Ask someone to help.
 |A04-3=n| Make someone else do it!
Q05: If you don't know something, do you come clean and admit it?
 |A05-1=n| Of course.
 |A05-2=n| That's not easy to admit!
Q06: You're on a walk when you smell something delicious. What do you do?
 |A06-1=n| Try to imagine what it is.
 |A06-2=n| Find out what it is!
 |A06-3=n| Think about how hungry I am...
Q07: A fortune-teller says that you have a bad future ahead of you. How do you react?
 |A07-1=n| Worry about it!
 |A07-2=n| Forget about it.
Q08: You hear a rumor that might make you rich! What do you do?
 |A08-1=n| Keep it all to myself.
 |A08-2=n| Share it with friends.
 |A08-3=n| Spread a different rumor!
Q09: How do you blow up a balloon?
 |A09-1=n| As close to breaking as possible!
 |A09-2=n| Big... but not too big!
 |A09-3=n| I don't... It could pop!
Q10: Do you state your opinion even when it's not what everyone else thinks?
 |A10-1=n| Yes!
 |A10-2=n| No.
 |A10-3=n| It depends on the situation.
Q11: You want to reveal that you like someone a whole bunch! What do you do?
 |A11-1=n| Show it a little by playing together.
 |A11-2=n| Make it obvious by...playing a prank!
 |A11-3=n| State it clearly for all to hear!
 |A11-4=n| Keep it to myself! It's too risky!
Q12: You're on a stroll when a TV crew pounces on you for an interview. What do you do?
 |A12-1=n| Run away! How embarrassing!
 |A12-2=n| Answer questions properly.
 |A12-3=n| Yuck it up! Woo-hoo! I'm on TV!
Q13: You feel a burst of happiness! How about expressing it with a little dance?
 |A13-1=n| Yes!
 |A13-2=n| No.
Q14: You see a parade coming down the street. What do you do?
 |A14-1=n| Stay on the sidelines.
 |A14-2=n| Join the parade!
 |A14-3=n| Walk away.
Q15: Your friend tells a joke that's horribly corny! How do you react?
 |A15-1=n| Roll around the floor laughing!
 |A15-2=n| Just let it go by...
 |A15-3=n| Slap my forehead and groan.
Q16: Can you strike up conversations with new people easily?
 |A16-1=n| Yes!
 |A16-2=n| No.
Q17: Do you get injured a lot?
 |A17-1=n| Yes!
 |A17-2=n| No.
Q18: You see a ball on the ground. What do you do?
 |A18-1=n| Kick it!
 |A18-2=n| Throw it!
 |A18-3=n| Spiff it up, shiny and new!
Q19: What do you think of jungle exploration?
 |A19-1=n| Sounds fun!
 |A19-2=n| Not interested.
Q20: You discover a secret passage in a basement. What do you do?
 |A20-1=n| Go through it!
 |A20-2=n| Stay away from it.
Q21: Your friend takes a spectacular fall! What do you do?
 |A21-1=n| Help my friend up!
 |A21-2=n| Laugh! It's too funny!
Q22: You're daydreaming... when your friend sprays you with water! What do you do?
 |A22-1=n| Get mad!
 |A22-2=n| Get sad.
 |A22-3=n| Woo-hoo! Water fight!
Q23: Have you ever wanted to communicate with aliens from another planet?
 |A23-1=n| Yes!
 |A23-2=n| No.
Q24: Have you ever upset a friend when you were just kidding around?
 |A24-1=n| Yes.
 |A24-2=n| No.
Q25: Hey, what's that? There's someone behind you! So... did you look just now?
 |A25-1=n| Don't do that! It scared me!
 |A25-2=n| OK, I admit it. You tricked me.
 |A25-3=n| No way. I didn't fall for it.
 |A25-4=n| Huh? What?
Q26: Someone who works at a store suggests an item that isn't quite what you're looking for. But you like this person. What do you do?
 |A26-1=n| Say you don't want it.
 |A26-2=n| Say thanks... but say no.
 |A26-3=n| Cave in and buy it.
Q27: You run into a new person that you haven't talked to very much before. What do you do?
 |A27-1=n| Make small talk.
 |A27-2=n| Say nothing!
 |A27-3=n| Make an excuse to get away!
Q28: You think your hear someone call your name. But no one's around... so what was it?
 |A28-1=n| Just my imagination.
 |A28-2=n| Someone fooling around.
 |A28-3=n| A ghost!
Q29: Do you find yourself jumping to the wrong conclusion a lot of the time?
 |A29-1=n| Yes.
 |A29-2=n| No.
Q30: Do you change the channels often while watching TV?
 |A30-1=n| Yes!
 |A30-2=n| No.
Q31: You like something at a great bargain! What do you do!
 |A31-1=n| Buy it right away!
 |A31-2=n| Think about whether you need it.
 |A31-3=n| Demand an even bigger discount!
Q32: You're packing your classroom's snacks for a picnic when you get hungry


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DivSeek Intl has launched 11 Hub Pilots in North America, Australasia, India, Africa and Europe. Led by teams of independent researchers, the initial Pilot phase will be a minimum of one year and will provide a framework to identify opportunities for formalization of inter-regional collaborations, leveraging of regional capacity and supporting the training needs of young researchers.
Activities in the Hub Pilots include:
- Facilitating connections between culinary experts, anthropologists, sociologists, ecologists, database engineers, genomic and phenomics experts to expand the characterization of crop diversity to include flavor, culinary uses, and traditional agricultural practices.
- Identifying common practices for the characterization of emerging crops, recently domesticated and novel crops, locally adapted germplasm and regionally important crops, including African staple food crops.
- Providing evidence-based perspectives for sharing information about plant genetic resources, the technological requirements for data-sharing across constituencies, and non-monetary benefit sharing practices of researchers that align with international treaties.
- Deploying advanced analytics including Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) to develop efficient crop diversity exploration strategies and identify gaps in germplasm collections.
- Using chickpeas and durum wheat as case studies for the pragmatic management of plant genetic resources and dissemination of genetic knowledge.
Hub Pilots are found across the world.


Black Actress To Play Tudor Queen Anne Boleyn In New Drama
British TV's Channel 5 have just announced that a black actress is to play Anne Boleyn in an upcoming three part period drama.
Jodie Turner-Smith is set to play 16th-century Queen of England Anne Boleyn, who was a white woman.
The baffling choice to play Henry VIII's second wife has led to internet clashes with many suggesting that the move amounts to cultural appropriation.
RT reports: Turner-Smith's turn as the medieval monarch was announced on Friday. The project was described by entertainment outlet Deadline as being a three-part "convention-defying" psychological thriller by Channel 5, set to "shine a feminist light" on the life of Boleyn, famously sent to her death by her husband King Henry the Eighth.
Social media quickly began overflowing with complaints about Turner-Smith playing a white queen. Commenters demanded "historical accuracy" and called it "cultural appropriation" – a term usually used when white people emulate other cultures. Many said that, logically, the Turner-Smith casting as Boleyn should be no more acceptable than a white person playing a well-known black historical figure.
Others mocked the future series by riffing on the concept of 'whitewashing' prominent people of color in history, noting how ridiculous it would be for them to be played by white actors. Some proposed that the US civil rights era heroes Martin Luther King and Rosa Parks be played by Caucasian actors, along with the South African anti-apartheid leader Nelson Mandela.


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Proverbs in marriage: Counselling role and implications
The Akans of Ghana perceive marriage as an important ritual and an aspect of their socio-cultural life. Because of the importance attached to marriage and due to the fact that it is a preserve for the matured in society, the language used for its contraction is sophisticated and infused with proverbs. In recent times, the role of proverbs as a marriage-counselling tool has been overlooked in contemporary counselling. This paper, from a Pragmatic and Relevance Theory (RT) perspective, looked at the counselling role Akan proverbs play in marriage contraction. This descriptive qualitative study purposively selected proverbs in three episodes in different contexts of marriage contraction to see how they were used as counselling tools. The analysis of the data indicated that proverbs play a major counselling role in marriage. The counselling roles concentrated on themes like patience, co-operation, respect, sex, self-denial, hard work, faithfulness, loyalty, humility, child bearing and caring, and love. The implication is that contemporary professional marriage counsellors and priests should employ proverbs in their counselling sessions because proverbs portray what the Akan cherish as their worldview and an embodiment of their soul. This will ensure a clear understanding of the complexities of marriage.
Creative Commons License
Attribution-NoncommercialNoderivates 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0): The license allows others to "download your works and share them with others as long as they credit you, but they can't change them in any way or use them commercially" (Source: https:_URL_.
The copyright of all papers published in Legon Journal of the Humanities is vested in the journal. By agreeing to publish the accepted version of the paper in LJH, contributors automatically cede copyright of the manuscript to the journal. This notwithstanding, contributors may use parts of their published articles for non-commercial purposes, e.g., course material, conferences, and academic profile webpage.
Access and Attribution
While LJH published papers (new and archived) can be freely downloaded from its website in compliance with its gratis open access policy, hard copies of current and recent issues as well as offprints of specific papers can only be provided on demand.
Citation of a paper from LJH should include name of quoted author, journal title, volume, number, title of paper, page, year of publication, and Digital Object Identifier (DOI)/Uniform Resource Locator(URL).


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Quartz 2 Scheduler Job Exception Handling Example with JobExecutionException
Here we will walk through the quartz 2 scheduler job exception handling example with JobExecutionException. JobExecutionException has different methods like setRefireImmediately(), refireImmediately().
Quartz 2 Scheduler SimpleTrigger Example with SimpleScheduleBuilder
In this page, we will provide Quartz 2 scheduler SimpleTrigger example with SimpleScheduleBuilder. SimpleTrigger is used to fire a Job at a given start time and if needed it can repeat.
Quartz 2 Scheduler Pass Parameters to Job with JobDataMap using _USER_ and _USER_ Example
In this page we will walk through Quartz 2 scheduler passing parameters to Job with JobDataMap using _USER_ and _USER_ example.
Quartz 2 Scheduler Example with Trigger and CronTrigger using Job, SchedulerFactory, JobDetail, CronScheduleBuilder, JobBuilder, TriggerBuilder, JobKey and JobExecutionContext
Quartz is an open source job scheduling library which can be used to create simple or complex schedules in java. Quartz provides easy steps to schedule our job.


Analytical Theory
Linear shallow-water wave theory applied to step topography
A planar monochromatic wave, hI incident on a ridge, produces a transmitted wave, hT and a reflected wave, hR
The dispersion relation is w / k = c where c = square root(gh) for normal incidence
The transmissivity is defined as the ratio of amplitudes T = | AT | / | AI |
Effects of Cross-Ridge Phase q = kL
Minimum transmission (Tmin) occurs when q = 90°, 270°, 450°,...
100% transmission occurs when the cross-ridge phase shift q = kL is exactly q = 180°, 360°,...
Effects of Ridge Depth on Transmissivity
The actual transmissivity is close to Tmin when q < 90°, i.e. for ridges that are narrower than a quarter wavelength as computed from the ridge-top depth h
At higher frequencies w, rapid fluctuations occur between and T=Tmin << 100% as w varies (T~100% when e << 1 is a highly idealized result)
Smoothing Smith/Sandwell Topography
 2-D orthogonal wavelet transform (LA8) was performed on the gridded topography
 The shorter-scale wavelet amplitudes were then set to zero with a tapered cutoff in scale
 Finally, the amplitudes were back-transformed to produce the smoothed topography


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Before raw data is purged, the data is summarized or "rolled-up" at predefined intervals. Roll-up data is the term given to the data that has been summarized. Before any raw data is purged, the minimum, maximum, and average values are calculated. These values can be preserved in several ways.
Hourly data is data that is summarized or rolled-up every hour. The raw data for each hour is processed to create a summary record for that hour. For example, if raw data is logged every five minutes, a total of twelve raw records are available in one hour. When data is rolled-up after one hour, the twelve raw records are processed to find the minimum, maximum, and average values during that hour. One summary record is generated for the twelve raw records. The hourly data is first computed on the agent machine. The data is then brought over to the server machine, where the data is added to the database.
The daily, weekly, and monthly values are calculated in a similar manner. The maximum, minimum, and average values are also calculated for each period.
Hourly data is kept for 7 days.
Daily data is kept for 5 weeks.
Weekly data is kept for 12 months.
Monthly data is kept for 24 months.