text:
Insignia form an indispensable part of Masaryk Universtiy traditions. As early as the Middle Ages, insignia have stood for a sovereign symbol of universities. At first, insignia reflected the exclusive status of universities in the medieval society; in the modern times, however, the meaning of insignia was reduced only to be fulfilling a representative function. A seal, a sceptre and a medal with a chain represent the oldest insignia of the university. The university could obtain its principal insignias in a traditional way – insignias were donated by the founder of the university or by another distinguished persona.
President Masaryk commissioned Otakar Španiel to design a new medal. The foreside depicts a portrait of T. G. Masaryk; while the essential motif of the reverse side is the dedication: "To Masaryk University in Brno by the President" together with a facsimile of Masaryk's signature. The same foreside, but with different reverse side – the central national emblem – appears on the Vice-Chancellor chain medal.
The celebration ceremony of presenting insignias to Masaryk University took place in the after-Munich atmosphere on 15 December 1938. At the outset of the occupation, insignias were put in a safe at the Faculty of Law, which was occupied in November 1939 (after the closure of the university). This caused the later decision to keep the insignias in the Mortgage and Land Bank of Moravia safe (Hypoteční a zemědělská banka moravská), where they were kept until 1945. The rector's sceptre as well as the rector's and vice-chancellor's medals was sent to the Ministry of Education where they were to be destroyed. Nevertheless, owing to the patriotic clerical workers, these jewels were saved in the National Museum and at the Ministry.
In 1960, the university was renamed into the University of Jan Evangelista Purkyně. In connection with this change, a new rector chain was provided. Its medal depicted a portrait of J. E. Purkyně on the foreside – which was inspired by his plaque medal in Prague made by Josef Václav Myslbek – with the inscription of "UNIVERSITAS PURKYNIANA". Watson's and Crick's scheme of the deoxyribonucleic double spiral during its division was used for the reverse side. The sketch was drawn by Pavel Bravený. The motto of the faculty is "SCIENTIA EST POTENTIA". The author of the pictorial concept of the medal was the sculptor Andrej Peter. The medal of new rector's chain is different from its predecessors in its size – the caliber was 80 mm, while all the other examples were minted with a caliber of 65 mm. The chain had been used until the beginning of 1990 – a year when the university returned to its original name.
In 1937, a competition for designing university sceptres was announced. Designs of Václav Rada and Ladislav Bartoníček won. The lion with a double tail and a Slovak emblem on its shield was chosen for the capital of the sceptre.
The four founding faculties – the Faculty of Law, Medicine, Science and Arts – have their own traditional insignias, medals with chains and sceptres. Portraits of outstanding Czech personalities of particular science fields were chosen for the foresides of the medals in 1936. Otakar Španiel was the designer of all four medals – he also created the rector's medal. Along with him, Jaroslav Benda also contributed to the designs of the chains. The medals of particular faculties depict portraits of distinguished representatives of the subject fields at the faculties. Moreover, mottos relating to these personalities form an integral part of the portraits. In the period when other faculties were established, a need for new insignias arose. A traditional conception to present a medal with a portrait of an outstanding personality from a particular field was adopted; however, the Faculty of Social Studies decided otherwise and chose a symbol of dialogue instead.
The university sceptres of the founding faculties were made in 1938 according to the designs of Václav Rada and Ladislav Bartoníček. The chains, together with medals, are made of gilded silver, the rector's medal being an exception – it was minted in a golden compound. As for the newly established faculties, the authors of the designs and implementations of the insignias were chosen individually, on the basis of announced contests.
The Faculty of Sport Studies does not have its own insignia.
Albín Bráf is a representative of the law field of study – his portrait is depicted on the medal of the Faculty of Law; the motto "LEX DURA SED LEX" constitutes the reverse side of the medal.
The Faculty of Law chose a figure of Justice holding a sword for its sceptre.
This faculty chose a portrait of Jan Evangelista Purkyně with his motto "MEDICINAE MUNUS – SCIENTIA DE VITA HUMANA".
The main motif of the Faculty of Medicine is Aeskulap's staff with a snake.
Gregor Mendel is the main figure of the Faculty of Science sceptre with the motto "IN NATURA SPES ET VERITAS".
The sun with rays constitutes the capital of the Faculty of Science sceptre.
František Palacký with his motto "SVOJI K SVÉMU A VŽDY PODLE PRAVDY" belongs to the symbols of the Faculty of Arts.
This faculty chose the owl standing on an open book as its symbol.
The medal on the rector's chain was designed by Václav Adolf Kovanič. The foreside represents a portrait of J. A. Komenský; the reverse side depicts hands passing on a torch. The motto of the Faculty of Education is "TRADITIO LAMPADIS".
As the burning torch was chosen as the symbol of this faculty, the sceptre was made according to that (after the design by Eduard Milén). The insignias originate from 1965.
The Faculty of Economics and Administration was established in 1991; it chose a portrait of the first rector of Masaryk University and an outstanding economist Karel Engliš for the foreside of its medal. The motto "VÝKONNOST, HOSPODÁRNOST, SOLIDÁRNOST" forms its reverse side and it constitutes a part of the composition with symbolic church of wisdom and knowledge.
The capital of the sceptre bears a motive of a winged helmet. The design of the chain and sceptre was created by sculptor Michal Vitanovský. The sceptre was made by sculptor Pavel Filip, following Vitanovský's design. The faculty has been using its insignias since November 1995.
The Faculty of Informatics was established in 1994 as the seventh faculty of Masaryk University. The faculty has its own insignia since March 2007. The author of the insignia is the sculptor and art metal caster Jaromír Gargulák.
The portrait and signature of Kurt Gödel (_PHONE_) decorates the foreside of the medal. Kurt Gödel, who was born in Brno, is considered one of the most important scientists of all times working in the field of Mathematics, Logic, and Philosophy. His ground-breaking results became a part of foundational theoretical results contributing to Informatics as a scientific discipline with far-reaching practical outcomes. The motif of the reverse side of the medal is the emblem of the Faculty.
The capital of the sceptre refers to the symbol of fire as represented by Prometheus's bringing fire to mankind. Fire was once essential for mankind as a rudimentary technology of versatile use, much alike the present role of Informatics.
The expanding Faculty of Social Studies has it own insignias, too. The designer is Lefteris Joanidis, who is also the author of the faculty logo. In the case of this faculty, however, the portrait of a distinguished persona was replaced by the three-dimensional depiction of the faculty symbol (used both for a one-sided medal and a capital of the sceptre). These insignias have been used since May 2004.
The Faculty of Sports Studies was established in 2002 as the nineth faculty of Masaryk University. It has used its insignia since September 2006. The insignia was designed by Lefteris Joanidis.
The dean's chain bears a medal with an engraved logo of the faculty on its foreside. An inscription kalokagathia decorates the reverse side of the medal.
The upper part of the sceptr – the capital – is composed of a medal which bears the logo of the faculty on its foreside and the inscription of kalokagathia on the reverse side. The laurel garland with gems in the faculty's colors frames the medal. In this sequence of the lower and upper parts of the scepter the symbolic appellation is hidden: there is no victory without fire.


text:
Absences & Make Up Lessons
We know that sometimes things come up – illness, injury, holidays, school events – and that you may not be able to make your scheduled lesson every week. But what should you do if you can't attend your lesson? Please just let us know and book a makeup lesson. (There is a 70c administration charge per makeup lesson booked).
Make up lessons are booked at a date and time that suits you. You can even use make ups for siblings providing they are in the program, and can do a makeup at either centre. It is very important that you let us know if your child cannot attend their regular lesson so that we can offer make ups to customers and ensure everyone gets the lessons they are entitled to. The best way to let us know if your child cannot make a lesson is via our app, Nepean Swim.
Have you downloaded our App yet? It is available at both the App Store and Google Play, just search for Nepean Swim. Its free, and allows you to access information and special features at your fingertips. Please use this app to inform us of your child's absence from their lesson, so that we can offer the space to someone else for a make up lesson! Thank you for your cooperation in this – we want everyone to be able to do both their lessons, and make ups, when life gets in the way of your regular lesson!

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
The Story of the Fire-Swan contains examples of:
- Elemental Rock-Paper-Scissors: Because the fire-swan's feathers are in some way made of flames, they can't develop properly as long as he's in water.
- Gray Rain of Depression: The fire-swan swims around in one for a time, due to his inability to fly.
- The Owl-Knowing One: The fire-swan goes to seek the wise old owls help.
- Swans A-Swimming: The protagonist; the fire-swan.


A history of Nokia's from paper mills to Gorbachev
Started in 1865 as a paper manufacturer, Nokia began making radio phones for the military in the 1960s and launched its first handheld in 1987
The launch of Nokia Lumia 920 and 820 Windows smartphones in 2012. Photograph: Spencer Platt/Getty Images
In 1865, Fredrik Idestam established a pulp mill in south-west Finland and started manufacturing paper. He opened a second mill three years later near the town of Nokia and by 1902, the firm had moved into electricity generating. Shortly after the first world war, Nokia was close to bankruptcy and the nearby Finnish Rubber Works, maker of galoshes, hoses and tyres, bought the firm in order to ensure a power supply. A few years later, the group acquired Finnish Cable Works, exporter of telephone and electricity cables to the Soviet Union, and the crucible of Nokia's electronics business. The three companies merged in 1922 to form a conglomerate.
By the 1960s, Nokia had begun making radio phones for the Finnish military. In 1982, Nokia introduced its first car phone, with the grand title of Mobira Senator. Its first handheld mobile arrived in 1987 and weighed a hefty 0.7kg (1.7lbs). Officially called the Mobira Cityman, it soon became known as the 'Gorba' after Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev was pictured using one.
By 1992, conglomerates were out of fashion and Nokia decided to focus entirely on mobile phones, gradually selling off its rubber, cable and consumer electronics businesses.
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The Blobster of the Isle of Benbeculla
In the early 1990's a twelve foot carcass covered in sand and seaweed was discovered on a Benbecula beach by 16 year old Louise Whitts. Read More »
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How do you remember a name??? - Programmers Heaven
Howdy, Stranger!
How do you remember a name???
Eeehzzzz People,
i'm making an Flash game and i want People to enter a name at the beginning of the game...
And the later on in the gam they see that name,
HOW the heck do you do that in flash???
Allrighty thanxxxx
 - KnightKnight Posts: 34Member
 Its Simple.
 First create a text window and select Text options to input.
 Then you type in a variable name.
 Then you create a new text window anywhere in your flash game.
 and select the Text options to Dynamic Text.
 Then type in the variable name.
 A sample? (Open this in flash)
 - ajoyajoy Posts: 17Member
 hey there,
 1.first declare a variable which will contain your name
 2. when a user enters a name it gets stored into the variable
 3. when you call the movie in which you wnat to display the name you pass the value of this variable into the movie
 hope this works
 tell me if you need a fla file with a simple example
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Can someone sketch some ideas of how to use the Poincare-Bendixson Theorem to prove that there must be a fixed point contained inside a periodic orbit?
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I have a feeling that that statement is false. I do not have a counterexample though. – picakhu Apr 6 '11 at 2:43
I cant see the question, the image link isn't showing either. – Kate Apr 6 '11 at 3:22
This certainly doesn't hold for discrete or higher dimensional dynamical systems (ex: billiards in polygons), so I take it we can assume the system is continuous and 2 dimensional? – Alex Becker Apr 6 '11 at 5:13
_USER_: is there even a Poincare-Bendixson theorem in more than 2 dimensions? In anycase, certain topological assumptions must be made about the domain, else just consider the rotations on $\mathbb{S}^1\times \mathbb{R}$. – Willie Wong Apr 6 '11 at 13:21
_USER_: please flesh out your question. Your statement is presumably true under certain assumptions, none of which you stated in the question. Please put more effort into describing what exactly it is that you want to know. – Willie Wong Apr 6 '11 at 13:22
2 Answers 2
What is meant here with inside is inside as in the Jordan-curve-theorem. The proof can be done using it as well as the Schauder-fixed-point theorem - see for example the proof in the book by G. Teschl (to be found on his homepage).
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I interpreted the question as follow:
Let $f : \mathbb{R}^2 \to \mathbb{R}^2$ be a $\mathcal{C}^1$ vector field. Suppose there exists a periodic orbit $\gamma$. According to Jordan-curve-theorem, $\mathbb{R}^2 \backslash \gamma$ admits only one bounded connected component $D_{\gamma}$. Show that $D_{\gamma}$ contains a fixed point.
In fact, you only need a weak version of Poincaré-Bendixson theorem:
Theorem: Let $f : \mathbb{R}^2 \to \mathbb{R}^2$ be a $\mathcal{C}^1$ vector field and $x \in \mathbb{R}^2$. If the $\omega$-limit $\omega(x)$ is nonempty, compact and does not contain any fixed point, then $\omega(x)$ is a periodic orbit.
Notice that it is also true for $\alpha$-limits, since by reversing time an $\alpha$-limit becomes an $\omega$-limit while the phase portrait is unchanged.
By contradiction, suppose $D_{\gamma}$ does not contain any fixed point. Then, by Poincaré-Bendixson theorem, for all $x \in D_{\gamma}$, $\omega(x)$ and $\alpha(x)$ are periodic orbits. In particular, there are infinitely many periodic orbits in $D_{\gamma}$.
For any periodic orbit $\tau$ in $D_{\gamma}$, let $K_{\tau}=\tau \cup D_{\tau}$ (where $D_{\tau}$ is defined like $D_{\gamma}$ but for $\tau$). We get a family of compacts $\{K_i : i \in I \}$ linearly ordered by inclusion, indexed by some unbounded set $I \subset \mathbb{R}_+$. Without loss of generality, we can suppose the family $\{K_i : i \in I\}$ nonincreasing (otherwise, take $\tilde{K}_i= \bigcap\limits_{j \leq i} K_j$).
Because any $x \in \mathbb{R}^2$ is between its $\omega$-limit and its $\alpha$-limit, $\bigcap\limits_{i \in I} K_i=\emptyset$.
Now, take $i_n \in I$ such that $i_n \underset{n\to + \infty}{\longrightarrow} + \infty$; then $\bigcap\limits_{n \geq 0} K_{i_n}=\emptyset$. So we find a nonincreasing sequence of compacts converging to the emptyset, a contradiction (since $\mathbb{R}^2$ is complete).
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A. A. The Netware migration tool (nwconve.exe) does not support the NetWare Directory Services (NDS) service type of logon on Windows NT 4.0, and therefore you will need bindery emulation configured on the NetWare server for the migration to successfully migrate.
To configure bindery emulation perform the following on the NetWare Server
 1. Load Servman on the NetWare Server Console
 2. Select "Server Parameters" from the menu options
 3. Select "Directory Services" from the menu
 4. Scroll down to the "Bindery Emulation" section. If there is no SET statement to the right of the entry then bindery emulation has not been enabled.
To set it perform the following (still on the NetWare Server)
 1. Using Servman get back to "Bindery Emulation" (the same menus as above) and press ENTER
 2. A text entry box will appear where you should type in the command in the format of
 where is the Organisational Unit of the users are from and is the name of the Organization (TREE) where the OU resides
You should then log off and back on to the NT Server. Rerunning NWCONVE.EXE should then run.


How come there's create() and create_new()?
asked 2014-11-25 09:58:57 -0500
kate_r gravatar image
I'm somewhat confused about the naming scheme for instance creation. In ThreadManager, create() raises NotImplementedError whereas there's a method create_new() which creates a new thread. In TagManager, there's create() but no create_new(). So what are the intended differences between create() and create_new()?
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Shot glass
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 (Redirected from Jigger (unit))
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Three shot glasses of varying shape and size
Shot glasses with a variety of designs. Shot glasses such as these are often collected as novelty items
A shot glass is a small glass designed to hold or measure spirits or liquor, which is either drunk straight from the glass ("a shot") or poured into a cocktail. A "shot" of liquor is not the same as a "shooter".
Name origin[edit]
The Oxford English Dictionary's first citation for the term "shot glass" is in The New York Times during the 1940s, but the earliest known written reference was in a 1913 book by Dr. Jehu Z. Powell, " A History of Cass County Indiana from its Earliest Settlement to the Present Time" [Lewis Publishing Company, 1913]. On page 655 Dr. Powell recounts an incident c. 1857 in the small town of New Waverly, Indiana, occasioned by a local man attempting to open a saloon against fierce local temperance opposition. The initial stock was a barrel of whiskey, which had arrived by train and was sitting on the open freight platform awaiting delivery to the would-be barkeeper. A local man who was an ardent temperance supporter fired his rifle from an upper floor window in his house and shot a hole in the barrel, draining it of its contents. "The remedy was effectual, and the saloon was not opened, and ever after, when the boys wanted a drink they would ask for a'shot of redeye.'" New Waverly is located just outside of Logansport, Indiana, which was an important transportation hub for northern Indiana in the 19th century as a riverboat port on the Wabash River and a stop on the Wabash and Erie Canal, as well as an important railroad engine maintenance and repair center during the first half of the 20th century. This intensive involvement in transportation could account for the gradual dissemination of an otherwise obscure local expression over a much broader geographic area.
Several examples also exist from the 1930s.[1][2] However, although it was used by some,[3][4] the term apparently did not come into common usage until much later.
Many references from the 1800s describe giving a jigger of whiskey or rum to workers who were digging canals. Most shot glasses are found in the United States, but shot glasses from before the 1940s are very rare.[5]
Before Prohibition in the U.S. in the early to mid 1900s, thin-sided whiskey glasses were common. After Prohibition, these were replaced by shot glasses with a thick base and thick sides.[citation needed]
Because the word shot also means "dose" or "small amount", it may simply be that these small glasses are called shot glasses because they hold small, powerful amounts. However, there are a range of more complex stories about the origin of the style of glass and its name. Few of them stand up to much scrutiny – either they place the origin decades before the term appeared in print, or they describe an item that had nothing to do with drinking liquor:
Country Small Single Double Notes
Australia 30 mL 60 mL A single shot is sometimes called a "nip".[6] At 30 mL, a typical spirit with 40 percent alcohol is roughly equivalent to one Australian standard drink.[7]
Canada 28.41 mL (1 ounce[8][not in citation given]) is a short shot (pony shot) 42.61 mL (1.5 ounces) 71 mL (2.5 ounces) In Canada, a "shot" generally refers to the province's definition of a "standard drink" under liquor licenses. Although sizes may vary, most provinces cite amounts similar to Ontario's guidelines of 0.6 oz. or 17 mL of pure alcohol; since a "shot" is typically a spirit with 40 percent alcohol, this makes the shot 1.5 oz. or 42.62 mL (though many establishments serve a lower "standard drink" of only 1 oz.).[9] A double shot in North America may be either 2.5 or 3.0 fluid ounces.[10] A smaller 1.0 fl. oz. shot is usually referred to as a "pony shot" or "short shot".[11]
Finland 40 mL In Finland, the maximum amount of strong alcohol restaurants are allowed to serve is regulated by law to one 40 mL portion at a time per customer. Doubles cannot be legally served.[citation needed]
Germany 20 mL 40 mL In Germany, shot glasses (German: Schnapsglas, Pinnchen, Stamperl) are smaller.[citation needed]
Greece 45 mL 90 mL A shot is commonly referred to as a "sfinaki" and it can be made of one liquor or a cocktail mix. There is also an 3 oz - "bottoms up" version of "sfinaki", called "ipovrihio", Greek word for submarine. It's served in a standard liquor glass half full of blonde beer, where the bartender adds a glass shot filled with vodka or whiskey.[citation needed]
Hungary 20 or 30 mL 40 or 50 mL 80 or 100 mL In Hungarian, shot glasses are called felespohár (feles meaning "half", standing for 0.5 dL), pálinkáspohár (for pálinka), kupica or stampedli.[citation needed]
India 30 mL 30 mL 60 mL A shot is commonly referred to as a "peg", and is measured as a "small" (chhota), or a "large" (bud-da) peg. A 90 mL shot in India is called a Patiala peg.[citation needed]
Ireland 35.5 mL 71 mL Derived from the use of a quarter-gill (35.516 mL) as the traditional Irish spirit measure.[citation needed]
Israel 30 mL 50 or 60 mL In Israel, the common word for a small shot is צ'ייסר ("chaser").[citation needed]
Italy 30 mL 40 or 60 mL In Italy, the common word for a shot is cicchetto or, more informally and used mainly in nightclubs by young people, shortino. In North Italy, the cicchetto is the most-common way to taste grappa from at least two centuries.[citation needed]
Poland 25 mL 50 mL 100 mL To take shots in Polish slang is to take po pięćdziesiątce, meaning to take "by fifties" (50 mL).[citation needed]
Romania 50 mL 100 mL A single shot is traditionally known in the Romanian language as unu mic (una mică) or cinzeacă, meaning "a small one". A double shot is simply called unu (una mare), meaning "one (big)".[citation needed]
Serbia 20 mL 30-50 mL 50–70 mL A single shot is traditionally known in the Serbian language as чашица за ракију and ракијска чашица, meaning "small glass for rakija" and "rakija glass", or simply as мера – мерица, meaning "measure". A double shot is simply called Дупли, meaning "a double", while the smallest, 20 milliliter glass, is known as dvojka meaning "two".[citation needed]
Sweden 20 mL 40 mL 60 mL A single shot is referred to as a fyra, meaning "a four" and a double is referred to as a sexa, meaning "a six", as Swedes will generally use centiliters rather than milliliters for any measure larger than 10 mL[citation needed]
Slovakia 20 or 25 mL 40 or 50 mL 80 or 100 mL The most-common single-shot size is the pol deci (literally, "half a decilitre", 50 mL).[citation needed]
South Africa 25 mL The South African government has an official definition for the single-shot size.[citation needed]
United Kingdom 25 or 35 mL 50 or 70 mL Shots sold on-premises must contain either 25 mL or 35 mL measures of whisky, gin, rum, or vodka, as defined in the Weights and Measures Act of 1985. This requirement does not extend to other spirits. A 2001 amendment allowed a double shot of 70 mL to be served. Generally, a single measure is equal to 35 mL in Northern Ireland and 25 mL in the rest of the United Kingdom.[12]
United States 30 mL (1.0 US fl oz) 44 mL (1.5 US fl oz) 89 mL (3.0 US fl oz) There is no standard size for a single shot, except in Utah, where a shot is defined at 1.5 fl. oz.[13] Elsewhere in the U.S., the standard size is generally considered to be 1.25–1.


text:
Having four feet; of or pertaining to a quadruped.
Using four legs for locomotion.
A locomotory style that involves the use of all four limbs.
Locomoting on four feet.
Walking on all four limbs.
walking on four legs.
The collective name given to land dwelling creatures which walk on all four legs.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
National Youth Day!
Youth of a nation is an integral and an important part of a nation. It is celebrated every year on 12th January. This day is celebrated to celebrate the power of youthful energy. This day is celebrated to mark the birth anniversary of Swami Vivekananda. This day is celebrated across many countries to mark the prosperity and propensity of the youth. Every nation wishes to give a proper direction to their youth, this is a day to enjoy the freedom as well as identify our duties towards our nation and society.
National Youth Day-How to Draw Swami Vivekananda Drawing for Kids
Swami Vivekananda's birthday is the inspiration behind the celebration of this day. So, let us begin with making a portrait of Swami Vivekananda. Tart with the headgear of Swami. Draw the right portion of the headgear and then come to the left part. Move on to the face portion and then, draw the outer figure and make the eyes, ears and nose of the Swami. Now go on to draw the clothes of the Swami. Raw Swami's signature pose: him standing with his folded arms. Shade the sketch wherever you feel necessary or you can colour the white picture and the background. You can write 'Happy National Youth Day' in the background. For better understanding of this subtle and easy to draw portrait look up:
Read more: Summer Art Ideas To Have Fun This Summer
National Youth Day-Youth Day Drawing Tribute
We can also show the youth voicing their concerns on this day. We can make posters or sketch some art related to youth uprisings or any other such movements. You can draw a group of students. You can take ideas from already existing uprisings or imagine some of your own. Like here we have drawn three teenagers with their fists high in solitude. We have not used any colours, just the black and white contrast. This contrast reflects so much towards the observers. You can draw players, or unconventional occupations taken up by the youth to feed their families or to support them financially. Every child grows into his or her youth believing to help his/her parents in running the household. You can take inspiration from this easy time-lapse tutorial video:
National Youth Day-Mental Health Matters Youth day Art Showcase
'Mental Health Matters' this can become one of the best themes for the youth day presentation. We can easily inculcate this topic in our drawings or posters. So many youngsters suffer from mental illness but stigma stops them from owing up. We must make sure every teenager opens up about their issues and problems. we can make this happen through awareness drives and posters. Posters showing their issues as a general widespread issue will make them feel comfortable and homely. Or we can make posters showing the suffering of the youth in dire conditions. Organizing such poster making competitions can also help, along with informative sessions. For better understanding and more ideas for such posters lookup this very much informative video:
National Youth Day-Raising your voice -International Youth day
This video is two years old but still relevant. It shows many quirky and relatable posters which can be realized easily by anyone. One just needs to try. First poster which comes up is of a girl sticking out her tongue with 'Happy Youth Day' written in the background. The vides shows the fun, frolic and exuberance shown by the youngsters. It also shows the support which each of them is to the other. The fun we all have at college or functions are shown in this vudeo.The video also tells us the vision Swami Vivekananda had for the youth. He wanted the youth to be obedient with good character and selfless. It also shows a poster with so many children standing in a line with a dog and speaking something collectively. It also shows us important quotes by Swami Vivekananda for the new generation. In the end the video gives a message to enjoy the young age and be responsible. For a look up to this video go to:
Read more: Creative Use of Plastic Bags for Art & Craft
How to Draw Swami Vivekananda face pencil Drawing – National Youth Day
Moving on to the next pencil sketching of Swami Vivekananda. In this video, the artist starts with the robe drawing at first. He keeps every detail of the robe in mind while sketching it. Then the artist moves to the face of the Swami. He goes on to the complete face formation and then draws the details of the face later. The artist draws the headgear of the Swami. The details and expression on the face of the Swami. In the end the artist shades the required parts. You can shade the figure or colour it, in whatever way you like it. Look up this easy tutorial at:
Read more: Paper Mache Art To Decorate Your Home
We hope that you understand your duties very well. Duties are an integral part of your life. You must have fun and enjoy your rights but as the responsible youth of your country you must consider your duties seriously. We wish you a very Happy National Youth Day and hope that you will celebrate it wisely.
You'll also like:
- International Tiger Day Special Crafts For Kids
- Sui Dhaaga (Made in India) Logo Reveal On 4th National Handloom Day
- Music Drawings To Celebrate International Music Day
- International Yoga Day Special Artwork
- Recycled Craft Ideas To Celebrate World Environment Day


text:
SSK's Core Principles
In its efforts to provide systematic program management support to Organisation working at the grass roots, it has established a commitment to strengthen the institutions of local self-governance through capacity building support to various actors of Civil Society organisations.
SSK has ten thematic areas:
- Civil Society Building
- Trainings and Workshops
- Governance Resource Center which comprises of GRC -Rural and GRC –Urban
- Gender Mainstreaming in organization and women Empowerment program
- Strengthening Citizen Collectives
- Disaster Management
- Education for Dalit, SC and Muslim Girls
- Migration Issues
- Health and Nutrition Issues
- LivelihoodSkill Building Programs
SSK's Core Values
Partnership and mutual sharing of ideas and information with the target groups are its core values.


text:
Solve Blocks in Mathad
The Solve Blocks feature can be found in the Math tab within Prime. This allows you to find a solution for variables within a simultaneous system of mathematical requirements, equations constraints. You can also optimize solutions and solve for design variables. Optimization refers to maximizing or minimizing the output of a function and allowing Mathcad to tell us what the input variables to that function should be while satisfying additional requirements at the same time. Solve Blocks also allow you to solve for an object's dimensions.


text:
suggested grade levels: 6-12
view Idaho achievement standards for this lesson
|2-pound coffee can||ruler (inches)||black marker|
1. Remove any labels from the can and make sure it is completely clean.
2. Mark off inches on the coffee can. Put the can outside, away from the house in a calm, protected area but not under a tree.
3. Read the depth of snowfall directly off the collecting can. About ten inches of snow is equal to one inch of rain so if you wish to know the amount of precipitation, divide the depth of the snow by ten.
4. As a check on this measurement, allow the snow to melt at room temperature. This will keep evaporation at a minimum.
Climatology: Climatology Topics


Why do I stick out my tongue when I concentrate? © iStock
Why do I stick out my tongue when I concentrate?
The answer won't surprise you when you find out how much brain power that muscle uses.
Much of your brain is devoted to your tongue. It is a huge muscle, constantly moving, that has to keep out of the way of your teeth, help you swallow and avoid choking you. It's covered with densely packed touch receptors that constantly update the mental map of the shape of your mouth. And your tongue is connected to the brain's language centres so it often moves to partly form word shapes as you think.
All this sends a huge stream of data to your brain. Sticking your tongue out or biting it, reduces its movement and cuts down on this torrent, which leaves more brain-power available to concentrate.
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How does Celtx protect my work?
All Celtx studio connections are encrypted using HTTPS. Content is encrypted in transit between the server and your computer.
As well, your projects and files are maintained within Amazon's proven network infrastructure and data-centers. Backups are replicated to multiple geographic locations to prevent data loss.
Files are also private unless you explicitly share them with someone, or are a member of a team account. When you do choose to share files, you can specify if you want someone to have Reader or Writer editing privileges.
Have more questions? Submit a request


I have Send as permission on a mailbox. When I log on to my mailbox and send an item as the other user, why does the item appear in my Sent Items folder, not the other user's folder?
This behavior is a feature, not a bug. When you send an item, you're the person who's sending it, even if you're doing so on behalf of another user. This behavior is analogous to the way real-world systems work: If I send a fax from my fax machine, the recipient sees my fax number, even if the cover sheet says that the fax is from the president of the United States.


text:
A new GLO Discussion Paper investigates whether the socio-economic disadvantages that platform workers are likely to face are primarily channeled through lower incomes or more precarious working conditions. They are primarily students and face greater economic insecurity relative to all other occupations.
The Global Labor Organization (GLO) is an independent, non-partisan and non-governmental organization that functions as an international network and virtual platform to stimulate global research, debate and collaboration.
GLO Discussion Paper No. 821, 2021
Platform Work and Economic Insecurity: Evidence from Italian Survey Data – Download PDF
by Cirillo, Valeria & Guarascio, Dario & Parolin, Zachary
GLO Fellow Dario Guarascio
Author Abstract: The emergence of the platform economy has served as a defining feature of increasing fragmented labour markets in modern economies. Recent research on platform work, however, has struggled to quantify the socio-economic conditions of platform workers relative to other occupation groups. Moreover, it remains unclear if the socio-economic disadvantages that platform workers are likely to face are primarily channeled through lower incomes or their more precarious working conditions. This study uses representative survey data of platform workers in Italy to investigate their size, composition, and socioeconomic conditions relative to individuals in other occupations. Our findings reveal that platform workers tend to be students and of younger age, but are diverse with respect to sex, educational attainment, and native-born status. We find that platform workers face greater economic insecurity relative to all other occupation classes. Strikingly, they also feature a rate of economic insecurity that is not significantly different from that of unemployed adults. Moreover, we find that the higher levels of insecurity are not primarily channeled through lower incomes; instead, higher rates of insecurity persist even when taking family incomes into account, suggesting that the precarity and volatility of platform work matter as much as income differences in shaping economic disadvantage. Results hold under analyses that account for selection into platform work. Our findings carry important consequences for understandings of the intensity and sources of socioeconomic disadvantage of individuals engaged in platform work.
GLO Discussion Papers are research and policy papers of the GLO Network which are widely circulated to encourage discussion. Provided in cooperation with EconStor, a service of the ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, GLO Discussion Papers are among others listed in RePEc (see IDEAS, EconPapers). Complete list of all GLO DPs – downloadable for free.


text:
Archaeologists in Mexico have found 4,926 well-preserved cave paintings in the north-eastern region of Burgos.
The images in red, yellow, black and white depict humans, animals and insects, as well as skyscapes and abstract scenes.
The paintings were found in 11 different sites - but the walls of one cave were covered with 1,550 scenes.
The area in which they were found was previously...
(Read more in original post)


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In a symplectic manifold $(X^{2n},\omega)$, a hypersurface $Y\subset X$ has contact-type if there is a contact form $\lambda$ such that $d\lambda=\omega|_Y$. Recall that a contact form is a 1-form with $\lambda\wedge(d\lambda)^{n-1}>0$, i.e. the opposite of a foliation. For example, a starshaped hypersurface has contact-type in $\mathbb{R}^{2n}$, or more generally an $Y\subset\mathbb{R}^{2n}$ transverse to a Liouville vector field defined in a neighborhood of $Y$. In particular, any contact manifold $Y$ is a contact-type hypersurface in a symplectic manifold (the symplectization $\mathbb{R}\times Y$).
Now it's nice and useful to consider symplectic manifolds where its boundary has contact-type. And this can usually be done given a compact symplectic manifold (cobordism between contact manifolds).
This leads to the question of whether or not you can always build such a space. In other words:
Given a random hypersurface in $\mathbb{R}^{2n}$, is it of contact-type? How do you tell when it's not of contact-type?
Edit: In light of the posted responses, I think it would be appropriate to tweak one of the questions above. In particular, it was essentially pointed out twice that in the "set of hypersurfaces" there are open neighborhoods which contain no contact-type ones. But, are "most" hypersurfaces in $\mathbb{R}^{2n}$ of contact-type? i.e. Should I expect my hypersurface to be of contact-type?
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4 Answers 4
up vote 5 down vote accepted
Not all hypersurfaces in $\mathbb{R}^{2n}$ are of contact type.
Weinstein, in the paper: "On the hypothesis of Rabinowitz' periodic orbit theorems", where he defined the concept of contact type, gives a criterion. If $H^1(\Sigma)=0$, and $\Sigma$ is of contact type, then the characteristic line bundle comes with a distinguished orientation, determined by those vectors $\xi$ such that $\alpha(\xi)>0$ for all contact forms $\alpha$. This is independent of the contact form. For periodic orbits this induces a positivity criterion. In the same paper he also constructs an hypersurface in $\mathbb{R}^4$ which is not of contact type, by showing that the criterion is violated.
Many hypersurfaces are of contact type, as you remarked. Another nice example are mechanical hypersurfaces. These are hypersurfaces arising as level sets from hamiltonians $H=T+V$, where $T$ is the kinetic energy term $T=\frac{1}{2}\vert p\vert^2$, and $V$ is a potential depending only on $q$. This works in general cotangent bundles.
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I haven't read Weinstein's paper, so this example may be essentially the same, but Hofer and Zehnder give an example of a wine bottle $S^3$ in $\mathbb{R}^4$ in their book (at the end of section 4.3). – Sam Lisi Aug 24 '12 at 9:09
Also, to emphasize something implicit in the examples of Weinstein and Hofer-Zehnder is that a small perturbation won't allow you to make them contact. (This is discussed somewhat in Hofer-Zehnder, if I am not mistaken.) This tells you that being of contact-type is not generic for a hypersurface in $\mathbb{R}^4$. – Sam Lisi Aug 24 '12 at 9:26
Here is an example of a surface which cannot be made of contact type even after isotopy. The elliptic surface $E(1)$ is obtained by blowing up $\mathbb{C}\mathbb{P}^1$ nine times. It is a symplectic four-manifold with fibre of genus 1 and 12 singular fibres. If we make a fibred connected sum between two copies of E(1) we obtain the elliptic surface $E(2)$, which is a symplectic four-manifold with fibre of genus 1 and 24 singular fibres.
Then $E(2)$ is separated by a torus $T^3$ into two pieces which are diffeomorphic to the complement of a regular fibre in $E(1)$. This shows that the separating torus cannot be made of contact type because, by a result of Chris Wendl, all strong fillings of $T^3$ are diffeomorphic to a blow up of $T^*T^2$.
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There are also examples that are characterized dynamically. By Viterbo, every contact-type hypersurface of $\mathbb{R}^{2n}$ carries a closed Reeb orbit, i.e. a closed leaf of the characteristic line bundle. (Actually, Hofer and Zehnder show this is true for any stable hypersurface.) There are examples of autonomous Hamiltonians on $\mathbb{R}^{2n}$ that fail to have any closed orbits on a specific level set, thus providing examples of hypersurfaces that fail to be stable. These are due to Ginzburg and Gurel.
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The condition is clearly quite restricting however it is obvious that no effective proceedure could exist to determine if a hypersurface is or is not of contact type.
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_USER_: welcome to MO! I had some questions, I was wondering if we could chat over email (if you have time and are willing to). I cannot locate your email but mine is on my website. – Chris Gerig Jan 1 '13 at 19:01
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This article states and (possibly) proves a fact that involves two finite groups of relatively prime order, requiring the additional datum that at least one of them is solvable. Due to the Feit-Thompson theorem, we know that for two finite groups of relatively prime orders, one of them is solvable. Hence, the additional datum of solvability can be dropped. However, the proof of the Feit-Thompson theorem is considered heavy machinery.
View more such facts
- is a permutably complemented subgroup. In other words, there exists a subgroup such that is trivial and.
- Any two complements to are conjugate subgroups
The second statement does not yet have a direct elementary proof; rather, there is a proof assuming that either or is solvable. However, a well-known corollary of the Feit-Thompson theorem tells us that this is always true.


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Cost of Power Interruptions to Electricity Consumers in the United States
Kristina Hamachi LaCommare and Joseph H. Eto
The massive electric power blackout in the northeastern U.S. and Canada on August 14-15, 2003 catalyzed discussions about modernizing the U.S. electricity grid. Industry sources suggested that investments of $50 to $100 billion would be needed. This work seeks to better understand an important piece of information that has been missing from these discussions: what do power interruptions and fluctuations in power quality (power-quality events) cost electricity consumers? The authors have developed a bottom-up approach for assessing the cost to U.S. electricity consumers of power interruptions and power-quality events (referred to collectively as "reliability events"). The approach can be used to help assess the potential benefits of investments in improving the reliability of the grid. They have also developed a new estimate based on publicly available information, and assessed how uncertainties in these data affect this estimate using sensitivity analysis.
Document Type:
Technical paper


text: For different applied magnetic fields, the intersubband transitions of double Si delta-doped GaAs structures is theoretically investigated for a uniform donor distribution. The electronic structure has been calculated by solving the Schrodinger and Poisson equations self-consistently. It is found that the intersubband optical absorption and mobility are sensitive to the applied magnetic field: for all allowed intersubband transitions the intersubband absorption spectra show blueshifts. The results open the possibility to design devices for use as optical filters controlled by an applied magnetic field, depending on the delta-doped structure. It is hoped that these results will provide important improvement in device applications, for a suitable choice of magnetic field. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


There are two sets of credentials you might need when renaming a scheduled task using Rename-ScheduledTask.ps1:
 - The -ConnectionCredential parameter specifies the credentials to use to connect to the schedule service on the computer where the task is stored (either the local computer or a remote computer). If you aren't a member of the Administrators group on the computer hosting the task, you can connect to the schedule service using administrator credentials.
 - The -TaskCredential parameter specifies the credentials for the task itself, if needed. Task credentials are needed only when the task's Run whether user is logged on or not option is selected and the Do not store password option is not selected. If credentials are required and you don't specify the
 -TaskCredential parameter, the script will prompt you for credentials.
Both the -ConnectionCredential and -TaskCredential parameters require a PSCredential object as their argument. A PSCredential object securely stores a username and password for use in security operations. However, there is an important caveat you need to know about: Rename-ScheduledTask.ps1 converts the secure passwords in PSCredential objects to plain text because the scripting object model doesn't support PSCredential objects.
You can easily create PSCredential objects by using the Get-Credential cmdlet. Run the command
Get-Help Get-Credential
at a PowerShell prompt for more information about PSCredential objects.
Back to main article.


,,,,,,
Last time I introduced the DataCollector application, but didn't have room to get into the use of factory classes. There isn't often a need for a factory class, but they can be useful when you need to create objects at run-time without knowing their class until then.
The general approach involves a function that returns instances of a class based on run-time information. In some cases the instances are limited to a predetermined set of classes, in other cases it can any class the known to the code.
As a very simple example, suppose (in Python) we wanted a function that returns either a mutable list or an immutable list, depending on some run-time condition.
Here's one way we might do it:
def ListFactory (iterable, list_type):
 if list_type.lower() =='mutable':
 return list(iterable)
 if list_type.lower() == 'immutable':
 return tuple(iterable)
 raise RuntimeError('Unknown type: "%s"' % list_type)
list_items = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
list1 = ListFactory(list_items,'mutable')
list2 = ListFactory(list_items, 'immutable')
Note also that this is an example of a factory that provides an instance from a limited set of classes (just two, either list or tuple).
The idea is that, at run-time, something would provide the list type, either "mutable" or "immutable" (maybe from a configuration file), and this would determine the kinds of lists the code creates.
A slightly more involved version looks like this:
def ListFactoryFactory (list_type='mutable'):
 if list_type.lower() =='mutable':
 return lambda xs:list(xs)
 if list_type.lower() == 'immutable':
 return lambda xs:tuple(xs)
factory1 = ListFactoryFactory()
factory2 = ListFactoryFactory('immutable')
list_items = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
list1 = factory1(list_items)
list2 = factory2(list_items)
(Note that we're providing a default list type here. We could have done the same in the code above.)
Here we have a "factory-factory" that returns a function. The returned function (which takes an iterable object) is a factory that makes lists. Depending on the factory type, it makes either a list or tuple given some iterable object.
This allows multiple lists (of the same type) to be created by the factory object. We can also pass the factory object to some other function that uses it to make lists. We can change the kinds of lists that function makes depending on what kind of factory we give it.
One could just pass the type string to the other function and let it use the type factory to get instances, but that means it has to know about the type factory class. By giving it only an object it uses in simple fashion, the other function is as isolated as possible from the factory system.
The above uses strings to steer the code to creating instances from predetermined classes. This requires the code to know about all the classes it might create instances from.
Some languages provide access to classes by name (by strings at run-time), which allows creation of instances based on class name strings. In this case, a type factory need not know all possible classes.
The DataBridge application used this capability (in Java). The desired Input, Mapper, and Output, driver classes are named in the configuration file. The application creates instances of those classes at run-time and "plugs them into" the data flow.
The DataCollector application uses the same Input, Mapper, and Output, driver class architecture, which loads classes by run-time strings, but it also uses factory architecture for the web services stuff.
There were several reasons for this:
Firstly, there are tools that take WSDL files as input and generate a series of Java classes that implement the web services requests and replies. These classes can include the request/response protocol, so they do a lot of the work necessary.
If there are six record types and five request types (see previous post) that means there are 30 sets of classes. "Sets of classes" because each request type of each record type has several classes associated with it (request, response, comm layer, etc). Creating these by hand would be tedious and difficult, so the conversion tools are important.
The end result is that there is an automation that binds the desired run-time actions with specific names of record types and fields.
Secondly, the whole point is an architecture that allows selection of these classes at run-time based on string input. Therefore, some sort of factory is necessary.
Thirdly, the potential of adding new record types or actions and only reconverting the WSDL files (which can be done with a single command). It allows the potential of extending the application's scope without rewriting any code.
Or, as it turns out in the real world, without rewriting a lot of code.
Fourthly, flexibility. By deferring as much as possible to run-time, and by allowing new classes to be added without changing the existing application, it often happens the application has better longevity or scope than expected at design time.
Both DataBridge and DataCollector turned out surprising this way. Both more than paid for their development time. (Many times over, I'd say.)
Last time, I showed you a snippet that illustrates how DataCollector worked:
TypeFactoryFactory FF = new TypeFactoryFactory();
ITypeFactory TF = FF.getTypeFactory(record_type);
IQuery qry = TF.getQuery();
IRecord rcd = TF.getRecord();
This uses the factory-factory architecture. In fact, it takes it one step further in having the TypeFactoryFactory being itself the instance of a class.
That adds another layer of flexibility, since we could pass the code an instance of a different TypeFactoryFactory class so long as that class implemented or inherited the getTypeFactory() method.
For maximum flexibility, the TypeFactory, Query, and Record, types are all interfaces rather than classes. This allows use of any class hierarchy so long as the class implements the interface.
Putting it all together, it allows writing a small application like this:
TypeFactoryFactory FF = new TypeFactoryFactory();
ITypeFactory TF = FF.getTypeFactory(record_type);
// Create the query...
IRecord recd = TF.getRecord();
for (f in select_fields) {
 recd.setField(f.name, "");
for (f in where_fields) {
 recd.setField(f.name, f.value);
// Make the query...
IQuery qry = TF.getQuery();
qry.login(UserName, Password);
IRecord[] data = qry.get(recd);
// Process the query result...
SortRecords(data, orderby_fields);
for (d in data) {
 for (f in select_fields) {
Again there is a punt on the sorting. (Assume a function that, given the array of records and a list of fields within those records, sorts the array using those fields.)
The code above assumes four inputs:
 1. record_type: (string) The name of the table to query.
 2. select_fields: (list) List of fields we want in the response.
 3. where_fields: (list) List of fields with values for filtering.
 4. orderby_fields: (list) List of fields for sorting.
(The field lists are, in all cases, pairs of strings with a name and value.)
This is very much the sort of information contained in an SQL query:
SELECT select_fields
FROM record_type
WHERE where_fields
ORDER BY orderby_fields
Which was the main goal of the project.
Here, as with DataBridge, I used property files as input to configure what the program did. Creating a query (say for the code above) was as simple as:
Entity = Account
Select = \
 AccountName, \
 Location, \
 Description, \
 Address.Address, \
 Address.City, \
Filter = \
 [CreateDate] > '5/1/2007', \
 [Address.State] = 'MN'
Which is a lot like an SQL query. This would retrieve a list of Account records created since 5/1/2007 where the Address.State is Minnesota.
The same code could equally query for Contacts or any other record type and list any of the fields in the requested data.
Speaking of fields, the last aspect of the factory architecture is that I needed a third type of factory to generate instance fields.
The record types generally has a lot of fields — hundreds. A fully populated object was problematic in some cases, let alone an array of them. There was just no way to use fully defined record types.
So, instead, we define empty record types and, at run-time, add only the fields actually needed for the request. As the example above illustrates, most requests only use a handful of fields. The space savings is phenomenal.
This being Java, for every field we add, we also add a getter and setter function. The field name, and the access methods, follow a specific naming convention client code can anticipate based on the WSDL names.
Code that uses this library can access fields this way, but the preferred method (illustrated in the code above) are through using the getField(name) and setField(name,value) methods always present. These allow access to fields without knowing the field name ahead of time.
(The code above should make better sense now.)
This project turned out well. The irony is it was done under pressure after the first programmer given the project turned out not to be up to the job. I had to start fresh with clients already expecting a deliverable.
The double irony is it wasn't the first time I stepped


Message Queue for MQTT allows an Alibaba Cloud account to authorize Resource Access Management (RAM) users to use the topic resources, which prevents risks caused by exposing the AccessKey pair of the Alibaba Cloud account. Only authorized RAM users are allowed to manage resources in the Message Queue for MQTT console and deliver and subscribe to messages through SDKs and API operations.
Note Message Queue for MQTT Cross-account authorization is not supported.
Application scenarios
Enterprise A has purchased Message Queue for MQTT services: the employees of enterprise A need to perform operations on the resources involved in these services, such as instances, topics, and Group resources. For example, some employees are responsible for creating resources, some are responsible for publishing messages, and some are responsible for subscribing to messages. Employees with different roles require different permissions.
The scenario is described as follows:
 - For security reasons, enterprise A does not want to disclose the AccessKey pair of its Alibaba Cloud account to employees. Instead, enterprise A prefers to create different RAM users for the employees and grant different permissions to these users.
 - A RAM user can only use resources under authorization. Resource usage and costs are not calculated separately for that RAM user. All expenses are billed to the Alibaba Cloud account of enterprise A.
 - Enterprise A can revoke the permissions granted to RAM users and delete RAM users at any time.
In this scenario, the Alibaba Cloud account of enterprise A can allow fine-grained separation of permissions on resources to be operated by employees.
 1. Create a RAM user by using the Alibaba Cloud account of enterprise A.
 For more information, see Create a RAM user.
 2. (Optional) Create custom policies for the RAM user as needed.
 For more information, see Create a custom policy.
 Currently, Message Queue for MQTT supports permission setting for instances, topics, and groups. For more information, see Policies.
 3. Grant permissions to the RAM user with the Alibaba Cloud account of enterprise A.
 For more information, see authorize a RAM user.
What to do next
After creating a RAM user with an Alibaba Cloud account, you can distribute the logon name and password of the RAM user or AccessKey pair information to other employees. Other employees can log on to the console or call an API operation with the RAM user through the following steps.
 - Console logon
 1. Open the RAM user logon portal in the browser.
 2. On the RAM user logon page, enter the RAM user name and click Next, enter the RAM user password, and then click Log on.
 Note The RAM user name is in the format of <$username>@<$AccountAlias> or <$username>@<$AccountAlias> <$AccountAlias> is the account alias. If no account alias is set, the value defaults to the ID of the Alibaba Cloud account (primary account).
 3. On the RAM User Center page, click products with permissions to access the console.
 - Call an API operation with the RAM user's AccessKey
 Use the AccessKey ID and AccessKey Secret of the RAM user in the code.
What is RAM?


text:
Skip to Main Content
A facet model of targets is proposed to simulate inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) images and radar back-scattering of moving targets with rigid and nonrigid motions. Targets are composed of solid objects which are modeled by triangular facets. It is shown that a facet can be treated as an equivalent point-scatterer whose radar cross section (RCS) and position depend on the shape of the triangle, the frequency, and the angle of incidence. A shadowing algorithm is also developed to detect the facets which actually have influence on the signal received by the radar. Besides, a facet division algorithm is implemented to improve the result of the shadowing algorithm and to have at least one facet per resolution cell. Finally, we apply our simulator to obtain the ISAR images of a ship and a helicopter and to calculate the micro-Doppler signature of a human.


text:
Polygon Boundaries Side by Side
Hello. I'm trying to show two polygons with two different color outlines, however, where the two polygon boundaries intersect, one of the outlines will overlap the other. I want to be able to show the two boundaries next to each other rather than having one overlap the other. Please see attached file for an example of what I am looking for.
Mapping Center Answer:
There is no automated way to do what you're asking for. However, by converting your symbology to cartographic representations, you can manually adjust the symbol geometry for the polygons that share an edge to produce the outcome you want.
Once you convert the symbols to representations, and start editing, you will use the Direct Select tool on the representation toolbar to select the shared portion of the geometry of one polygon, and then use the Move Parallel tool to move that edge.
Here is the help topic about selecting a portion of a representation's geometry.
If you would like to post a comment, please login.


text:
What is Check Truncation?
Check Truncation meaning in finance or banking terminology / glossary / dictionary is:
The conversion of data on a check into an electronic image after a check enters the processing system. Check truncation eliminates the need to return canceled checks to customers. See also Check 21.


text:
Ohio Parks and Recreation Association (OPRA), PlayCore and GameTime are aligning resources and strategically partnering to promote best practices in parks and recreation, provide quality education, and arm communities with evidence-based resources.
Parks are essential to creating healthier, happier societies across generations. Complimentary professional development events will be hosted on October 23 – 30 in multiple cities across the state of Ohio. This interactive education symposium will help participants effectively fuel their community's passion for play and recreation and empower stakeholders to become champions for high quality outdoor play and recreation environments that meet the diverse needs of children, families, and communities.
Attendees will be inspired by unique design and program innovations, leadership case examples, and strategies to creatively consider the needs and goals of community stakeholders. The content and hands-on learning activities will equip participants in developing strong advocacy messages of how investing in parks and recreation has a positive impact on building viable communities through physical activity, inclusive play, engagement with nature, and play value in a collaborative effort to improve the quality of life in communities across Ohio.
- Develop advocacy messages describing why play and recreation is essential to a healthier and happier society.
- Apply research-based design best practices to create high-quality outdoor play and recreation destinations.
- Discuss model projects, positive community outcomes, and the benefits of inclusion, physical activity, and nature engagement.
PlayCore's Center for Outreach, Research & Education is providing statewide professional development services and GameTime will provide up to $1.5 million in matching funds to assist parks in the OPRA districts to create play and recreation destinations that have been thoroughly reviewed to align with research-based best practices. These projects will serve as National Demonstration Sites (NDS) and serve as national models for promoting physical activity, fitness, nature engagement, and inclusion.
Each city's local parks and recreation organization hosted the symposiums designed for mid to upper level professionals in the fields of park and recreation, landscape architecture, and education. The sessions will offer Continuing Education Units for professionals and promise to be lively, informative, and educational. Lunch and educational resources will be provided by GameTime and DWA Recreation.


text:
ROMAN FOREST, TX
ROMAN FOREST, TEXAS. Roman Forest is located east of U. S. Highway 59 and near the East Fork of the San Jacinto River about thirty-two miles northeast of Houston and twenty-three miles southeast of Conroe in southeastern Montgomery County. The community began as a residential subdivision that developers named for the area's wooded terrain. By the mid-1970s residents voted to incorporate and established a city government. In 1980 Roman Forest had a population of 929. That number increased to 1,033 in 1990 and 1,279 in 2000. Roman Forest has its own police force, elementary school, and churches. Most citizens commute to Houston.
The following, adapted from the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition, is the preferred citation for this article.Laurie E. Jasinski, "ROMAN FOREST, TX," Handbook of Texas Online (_URL_ accessed May 25, 2013. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.


Asylum Seekers and Refugees
In Australia today, some of the people most in need of a compassionate neighbour are people seeking asylum. Having fled their homeland in search of safety and refuge, they are often detained in centres worse than prisons, with no apparent way of being granted a secure a visa.
Others are permitted to live in the community but lack the resources for adequate food, education or housing. They are often left for years without their claim for asylum being processed.
Good Samaritan Sisters and oblates endeavour to support these women, men and children directly by visiting them, as caseworkers, sourcing resources and petitioning government departments on their behalf.
Valuable partnerships in this work include the Jesuit Refugee Service, the Refugee Council of Australia, and the Catholic Alliance for People Seeking Asylum.
Other Sisters assist various groups of refugees, especially in the early months and years of being in Australia. Many of these people need support as they recover from the trauma of their past and as they find their way in a new and foreign community.


text:
Weakly non-linear waves in a tapered elastic tube filled with an inviscid fluid
MetadataShow full item record
In the present work, treating the artery as a tapered, thin walled, long and circularly conical prestressed elastic tube and using the longwave approximation, we have studied the propagation of weakly non-linear waves in such a fluid-filled elastic tube by employing the reductive perturbation method. By considering the blood as an incompressible inviscid fluid, the evolution equation is obtained as the Korteweg-de Vries equation with a variable coefficient. It is shown that this type of equation admits a solitary wave-type solution with variable wave speed. It is observed that, the wave speed decreases with distance for positive tapering while it increases for negative tapering. It is further observed that, the progressive wave profile for expanding tubes (a > 0) becomes more steepened whereas for narrowing tubes (a < 0) it becomes more flattened.


ClayMetrics is new, but it is based on several well-established disciplines. Collection and analysis of clay shooting process and results can yield huge benefits by focusing practice time where it will be most useful. Deriving improved measures and analysis of performance are two more links in the success chain. That's the physical side.
It is generally recognized that top athletes perform at their peak when "in the Zone". First difficulty is recognizing when you are in the zone and when you are not. Second step is learning techniques to get in the Zone on demand and return to it as needed.
ClayMetrics is the scientific study of clay target shooting both physical and mental.
Want to Get Involved?
I don't want your money.
I'm looking to partner with others who take seriously the idea that science can assist them to prove the effectiveness of training, ideas, hardware, software and any other approach to improving your performance. I'm the statistician, I'm the researcher. Our research can be anonymous or not; your choice not mine. Let's talk.
Robert Petersen, Ph.D.
The Scientific Study of Clay Target Shooting


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I am thinking about smooth vector fields on some (open set of an) euclidean space $\mathbb{R}^n$.
I know that the integral curves of a general vector field $X$ are not defined for every time $t\in \mathbb{R}$. A simple example is given by $X=x^2 \partial _x$ on $\mathbb{R}$, whose integral curve emanating at $t=0$ from some $x_0 >0$ is given by $\gamma(t) = \frac{x_0}{1-tx_0}$. This curve is defined only on $]-\infty, \frac{1}{x_0}[$; moreover as $t$ ranges in that set we have $\gamma (t)\in ]0,+\infty[$.
I would like to see an example of a vector field $X \in \mathfrak{X}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ such that the integral curve emanating at $t=0$ from some point $p$ is defined only for bounded times $t\in]-T,T[$ $ \ $ (with $T<+\infty$) and also remains bounded "in space", i.e. there exist a compact $K\subset \mathbb{R}^n$ such that $\gamma (t) \in K, \ \ \forall t \in ]-T,T[$. Can anyone provide some example or hint to build one?
Edit from comments: it has been pointed out that, by the Escape Lemma, such a vector field cannot exist, because if the maximal domain is not the whole $\mathbb{R}$, then the curves are forced to "escape" any compact set.
So let me slightly modify my question: in the above notations, let $T=+\infty$, so that the maximal domain is $\mathbb{R}$ and the integral curves can a priori be bounded. The first example I can think of is the following:
consider $X=x\partial _y -y\partial _x \in \mathfrak{X}(\mathbb{R}^2)$ and $p=(1,0)$. Then the integral curve starting at $p$ is just $S^1$ and $X$ can be pictured as its tangent counter-clockwise unit vector field.
This would answer my question, but this is not what I was really looking for, because this curve is not simple (it's periodic indeed), so it's defined for every time and bounded, but let me say in a quite trivial way.
So what I'm actually looking for is this: a vector field $X$ that at some point has a simple integral curve (i.e. injective as a map $\gamma : \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}^n$) which is bounded in a compact set $K$ (and so globally defined, by the Escape Lemma). Is this possible? (maybe there is another result I don't know which proves this cannot be the case).
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Maybe I'm forgetting (it's been years since I took manifolds), but isn't this exactly what the Escape Lemma says cannot happen? Concretely, that if the maximal domain of an integral curve is not all of $\mathbb{R}$, then it must escape to infinity (i.e. it cannot lie in any compact set). – Matt Jan 23 '13 at 17:30
_USER_ : you are right! I didn't know this lemma, thank you. I've edited my question accordingly. – Lor Jan 23 '13 at 19:13
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How about a vector field in the plane with a stable limit cycle?
$$ \frac{dr}{dt} = r(1-r) \\ \frac{d \theta}{dt} = r $$ If I'm not mistaken, this is a continuous vector field with an unstable singularity at the origin such that any initial condition in the punctured disk $\{1 > r > 0\}$ tends toward the periodic orbit $\{r = 1\}$.
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This is what I was looking for, so I tried to carry out the computations. It turns out (if I'm still able to solve ODEs) that the integral curve starting from $(r_0,\theta _0)$ is given by $r(t)=\frac{r_0 e^t }{1-r_0 +r_0 e^t }$ and $\theta (t)= \theta _0 + ln (1-r_0 +r_0 e^t)$. So this is a complete vector field with integral curves bounded in the unit ball and tending towards the special orbits in $0$ and $S^1$ as $t \to -\infty$ or $+\infty$. Thank you very much! – Lor Jan 31 '13 at 11:58
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How about this flow in $\mathbb{R}^3$: $$\begin{align} \dot{x} &= -\beta y + 2zx\\ \dot{y} &= \beta x + 2zy\\ \dot{z} &= 4 - x^2 - y^2 + z^2 \end{align} $$ If one embed $\mathbb{R}^3$ into $S^3 \subset \mathbb{R}^4 \sim \mathbb{C}^2$ through the mapping: $$\begin{align} (x,y,z) &\to (X,Y,Z,W) = (\frac{x}{1+r^2/4},\frac{y}{1+r^4/4},\frac{z}{1+r^2/4},\frac{1-r^2/4}{1+r^2/4})\\ &\to (U,V) = (X+iY, Z+iW) \end{align} $$ the above flow can be rewritten as: $$\begin{align} \dot{U} &= i\beta U\\ \dot{V} &= -4 i V \end{align} $$ This flow is a rotation in $U$ direction with speed $\beta$ and $V$ direction with speed $-4$. If $\beta$ is irrational and $|U|, |V| \ne 0$, the flow line will not repeat and fill the surface of a torus.
This flow in $\mathbb{R}^3$ is possible because of the famous Hopf fibration of $S^3$ by $S^2$. If you want to have a feeling how the torus are nested, the wiki page of Hopf fibration is a possible start.
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This example is really nice, thank you! Let me see if I get the geometry of this. The integral curves starting from $(U_0,V_0)$ are given by $(U(t),V(t))=(U_0 e^{i\beta t},V_0 e^{-i4t})$, so they live on a torus in $S^3$. If I take $|U|=|V|=1$, isn't this the canonical Heegaard surface of genus 1 for $S^3$? – Lor Jan 31 '13 at 12:53
Do you mean $|U| = |V| = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$? It is clearly a torus and acted as a Heegaard surface of genius 1. I don't know whether it is the canonical one you referred to. I've only heard of their names but never studied them. – achille hui Jan 31 '13 at 13:26
sure, I was thinking about unit vectors, but I haven't written it properly. Anyway this is what I mean with "canonical Heegaard surface of genus 1 for $S^3$", so I'm really happy with this example, thanks again! – Lor Jan 31 '13 at 14:07
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Creating a nickname for a favorite asset
You can give nicknames to assets in the Favorites list. The nickname is displayed instead of the assets filename or value. For example, if you have a color named #999900, you might use a more descriptive nickname, such as PageBackgroundColor or ImportantTextColor.
You can give nicknames to assets in the Favorites list in the Assets panel. In the Site list, the assets are listed by their real filenames (or values, in the case of colors and URLs).
To give a nickname to a favorite asset:
- In the Assets panel (Window > Assets), select the category on the left side of the panel that contains your asset.
- Select the Favorites option at the top of the panel to display the Favorites list.
- Do one of the following:
- Right-click (Windows) or Control-click (Macintosh) the assets name or icon in the Assets panel, then select Edit Nickname.
- Click the assets name once, pause, then click it again.
- Type a nickname for the asset, then press Enter (Windows) or Return (Macintosh).
The nickname appears in the Nickname column.
- Viewing assets in the Assets panel
- Adding assets to and removing assets from the Favorites list
- Grouping assets in a Favorites folder


In this article, we go over:
 1. How PostBeyond user accounts can be generated via SSO
 2. The solution to ensure these accounts are organized within your company's instance
 3. How to set up the SSO Default Group
How are PostBeyond user account's Generated via SSO
If an employee is found within the IdP group of the PostBeyond SSO application and they do not have a PostBeyond user account, clicking SSO from the PostBeyond login page will generate an account:
If a user's account is created in this method, they are automatically put into the Core/All group of the instance, which might not be ideal for a program as this is typically the group that has access to all content.
To avoid this, admins have the ability to create and/or label a group the SSO default group.
Benefits of the Default SSO group include:
👉🏽 Regrouping the users when the time is convenient
👉🏽 Easily identifying SSO generated users
👉🏽 Ensuring that SSO users have access to general content and not all content
How to Set up SSO Default Group
Step 1: Create an SSO Default Group
You can call this anything, but make sure it is an obvious group for you and your team to quickly identify
Step 2: Apply the Default to the SSO Default Group
You will notice a little person icon beside the All/Core group. This is automatically applied to the Core group of all instances and indicates that SSO-generated users will be moved here.
Click the 3 dots of the group you would like to make the default group, and select Make Default Group for New Users:
Once this is done, you will notice the icon beside the group you've selects as the New user's default group.
If you have any questions, please contact your CSM or
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Integrate mailparser.io and Smartsheet
This integration via app automation platform Zapier will let you automatically create Smartsheet rows from new emails parsed by mailparser.io. It's a simple way to keep from copying and pasting your email data into Smartsheet.
Automated connections called Zaps, set up in minutes with no coding, can automate your email workflows from mailparser.io to Smartsheet. Each Zap has one app as the **Trigger**, where your information comes from and which causes one or more **Actions** in other apps, where your data gets sent automatically.
Add Smartsheet rows from emails parsed by mailparser.io
Here's what you'll need to get started:
- Authorize Zapier to connect to your mailparser.io account and access your data. Log in to mailparser.io and navigate to your inbox. Choose "Webhooks" in the left menu and then add a new "Zapier Integration". Then, copy the URL from the Zap builder and paste it into the "Zapier Webhook URL" field.
- Make sure your mailparser.io inbox has at least one existing email and test your Trigger by clicking, "OK, I did this". This will pull in test data to help you complete the setup of your Zap.
- Next, you'll create your Action step, sending your parsed email data to Smartsheet. Enter your Smartsheet credentials to connect your account to Zapier and choose which sheet to send the parsed data to.
- This is the most important step of setting up your Zap. You're telling Zapier what to do with the data it's grabbing from your parsed emails. Use the drop-downs in each Smartsheet field to map the parsed data to Smartsheet.


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Can anything be said about the measure of the topological boundary of a Cacciopoli set in $R^n$? Of course, the reduced boundary has finite (n-1)-dimensional Hausdorff measure, but this does not say anything about the topological boundary, for instance, points with density 0 or 1 can still be part of the boundary.
My precise question: if $E$ is a Caccioppoli set, does there exist a measurable Cacciopoli set $F$, such that $E\triangle F$ and $\partial F$ are both Lebesgue null sets?
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The answer is no. Take countably many disjoint closed balls $B_i$ contained in the square $Q=[0,1]\times [0,1]$ and such that:
(i) Sum of areas of $B_i$ is less than 1
(ii) Sum of perimeters of $B_i$ is finite
(iii) $\bigcup B_i$ is dense in $Q$
Since the series $\sum \chi_{B_i}$ converges in BV norm, the set $E=Q\setminus \bigcup B_i$ has finite perimeter. It also has positive measure and empty interior. Any representative $F$ of the set $E$ also has empty interior and therefore $\partial F$ is not Lebesgue null.
By the way, any Lebesgue measurable set E has a representative F with the property
(*) $0<|F\cap B(x,r)|<|B(x,r)|$ for all $x\in\partial F$ and all $r>0$.
The proof is straightforward: add the points x for which $|E\cap B(x,r)|=|B(x,r)|$ for some r, and throw out all points x such that $|E\cap B(x,r)|=0$ for some $r$. (See Prop. 3.1 in "Minimal surfaces and functions of bounded variation" by E. Giusti.) By virtue of (*) the set $F$ has the smallest (w.r.t inclusion) topological boundary among all representatives of $E$, so if this representative doesn't help you, nothing does.
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Thanks! This was the kind of answer I was looking for. My question actually came from the result of E. Giusti you mention. I was hoping to sharpen it, but clearly this is not possible. – Martijn Jan 8 '10 at 11:45
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text: This paper reports the results of investigations carried out to determine the microstructure and magnetic properties of some praseodymium-based magnets represented by the formula Pr14Fe63.9-xCo16B6Nb0.1Mx. Bonded magnets were prepared the annealed alloys using the hydrogenation, disproportionation, desorption and recombination (HDDR) process. The HDDR powders were isostatically pressed and bonded with cyanoacrylate adhesive to form permanent magnets. The effect of addition element content on the magnetic properties of these magnets was investigated. The amount of addition has a significant effect on the magnetic behaviour of these bonded magnets.


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ALPS - Analyzing and Modeling Transitions of Common Property Pastures in the Swiss Alps
The common property pastures in the Swiss Alps provide significant services to the mountainous regions, such as income sources for farmers and tourism industry, protection from soil erosion, water-run-off, landslides, and high biodiversity. These services are highly dependent on continuous management of the alpine pastures. In Switzerland, most alpine summer pastures are common property and have been managed by local governance systems since the Middle Ages in order to avoid over-use of the scarce resources. Societal changes, like industrialization, rapid economic growth, and new agricultural policies, induced major transitions of the pasture management system, which led to abandonment of marginal land or intensification of productive areas ensuing reduction of biodiversity on the long-term.


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In this Adobe Photoshop CS3 tutorial, learn how to create an outline text effect.
Tags:how to create an outline text effect,how to use photoshop,Photoshop CS3,photoshop help,photoshop text,photoshop Tips,photoshop tutorials,software help,software tips,tech help,techtutortv
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How to Create an Outline Text Effect in Photoshop CS3
In this tutorial, I'm going to show you a quick way how to create an outline text effect. So you will need a new blank canvas, any size you want. If you'd like to have a background color, that's fine. I got just a basic canvas here.
So first thing I'm going to do is create my text. I'm going to select my text tool from the toolbox, and you could choose any font that you'd like and any size that you like. You could do any other, you could change the color, you could change the alignment, anything else you want and click in your document and then go ahead and type your text and then you can move it you'd like.
Okay, so we have our text now. We're going to make it an outline. So go ahead and double click in your layers palate on the layer with the text and that will open up your layer style dialog box. In these general blending options, we want to go down towards this fill opacity and you're going to change that to zero and that's basically going to get rid of all the color inside of your lines.
Then we're going to make sure that we have a stroke, click on stroke and you can make this stroke any size that you want, make it at least two to three so you have an outline. I'm going to go ahead and make it a little bit thicker and do four and you can leave all these settings the same. You can change them if you'd like to get a different look. Make sure that the field type says color for your stroke and then click on the color well and choose a color that you'd like to have as your outline. Click on OK, click on OK again and then you would be taken back to your canvas and now you have an outline text effect.


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Williamson Island | Tybee Island, Georgia
View Photos/Videos Below
View a map showing Georgia's newest barrier island and all of Georgia's major barrier islands.
Williamson Island is the youngest Georgia island. Shoreline surveys of 1913 show the formation of a sand spit from the central portion of Little Tybee's shoreline. At the time, Beach Hammock was the southernmost ocean shoreline in the Tybee-Little Tybee complex. The spit continued to lengthen, with Little Tybee Creek routed to the south between the spit and the marsh. Between 1957 and 1960 the spit was breached. The resulting island is Williamson. This low, narrow barrier is like those typically found on coasts with high wave energy and low tidal energies.
After the island was created, Kerr-McGee Corporation and the state both claimed ownership. This disagreement over an ephemeral body of sand was taken to the courts. The state was eventually designated the island's proper owner and manager.
By Tonya D. Clayton, Lewis A. Taylor, Jr., William J. Cleary, Paul E. Hosier, Peter H.F. Graber, William J. Neal, and Orrin H. Pilkey, Sr. in Living with the Georgia Shore
Tagged with: Barrier Islands in Georgia
Georgia Barrier Islands Photos
Photographs of 16 major barrier islands along the Georgia Coast with brief descriptions. Photos are arranged in geographical order north to south. For more detailed information on each island see Barrier Islands In Georgia and the Georgia Barrier Islands Map.


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Ontario Bee Keepers Association does not want Bees Classified under the Animal Health and Welfare Act.
Ontario Bee Keepers Association does not want to participate in a Smart Phone App Program for Farmers and Bee Keepers.
- Ontario BeeKeepers say 'NO' to Animal Health And Welfare Act Link
- Repeal of the Ontario Bees Act to one that folds bees into the Animal Health and Welfare Act could result in less responsive legislation for bees.
- A bee hive locator app was developed for smart phones to plot where bee hives are located and to facilitate communication but the OBA pulled out.
- Grain Farmers of Ontario has developed a new SmartPhone app called 'BeConnected' to allow farmers and beekeepers to locate each other (by GPS location) quickly and easily, and to facilitate communication


Lagos Travel Guide
Third Mainland Bridge, Lagos ©
It is hard to believe that Lagos, Nigeria's biggest, busiest city (with a population of roughly eight million and counting) had its origins as a small Yoruba settlement. Spread over the mainland near the Gulf of Guinea and several large islands on the vast lagoon that gives it its name, Lagos is Nigeria's principal port and its commercial and cultural centre.
The former capital grew to prominence when it was 'discovered' by the Portuguese in the late 1400s and became a central trading post for the area, also serving as a major hub of the international slave trade. When the British annexed the city in 1861, they effectively put a stop to the slave trade, but took control of the trade and industry of the area. Once Nigeria gained independence in 1960, Lagos experienced a boom which swelled the city's population considerably and today, Lagos is one of the world's fastest-growing cities, with a full and complex tapestry of religious and ethnic groups. The sprawling city is chaotic, crowded and lacks any major tourism infrastructure, though the government is investing millions in upgrades to security and public transport.
Most visitors travel to Lagos for business and there are few sights in the tourist sense, however those willing to put in some effort will have a unique and memorable experience. Streets are congested, drivers are maniacal and blackouts are common. However, the convoluted history of the city, and Nigeria as a whole, contributes to its exotic flavour. Lagos has an interesting National Museum, National Theatre, several markets and some decent beaches to explore.
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>Read Folasade's tips on Lagos
>Ask Folasade a question
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Increased risk of COVID-19 infection amongst smokers and amongst waterpipe users
Webinar #3 The Impact of Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking on Respiratory and Cardiovascular Health
October 15, 2019
Q & A on tobacco use, including waterpipe use and COVID19 in EMRO
March 13, 2020
1- Smoking and increased risk of bacterial and viral infections
Smoking increases the risk of both bacterial and viral infections.
It has been documented that smokers incur a 2- to 4-fold increased risk of invasive pneumococcal lung disease, a disease associated with high mortality. Influenza risk is twofold higher and more severe in smokers compared with nonsmokers.[i] In the case of tuberculosis smokers also have a twofold increased risk of contracting the infection and a 4-fold increased mortality.
The mechanism of increased susceptibility to infections in smokers is multifactorial and includes alteration of the structural and immunologic host defenses.
 - Structural changes: Tobacco smoke and many of its components produce structural changes in the respiratory airways. These changes include increased mucosal permeability, impairment of the mucociliary clearance, changes in pathogen adherence, disruption of the respiratory epithelium, and peribronchial inflammation and fibrosis..[ii]
 - Immunologic Mechanisms: Smoking weakens the function of body defense immune cells and the production of antibodies in humans and animals.[iii],[iv],[v]
Increased risk of Coronavirus infection amongst smokers
There is still no robust evidence to suggest an increased risk of infection amongst smokers; however, analysis of deaths from coronavirus in China[vi] shows that men are more likely to die than women, something that may be related to the fact that many more Chinese men smoke than women. Among Chinese patients diagnosed with COVID-19 associated pneumonia, the odds of disease progression (including to death) were 14 times higher among people with a history of smoking[vii] compared to those who did not smoke. This was the strongest risk factor among those examined.
2-Use of Waterpipe and risk of infection transmission
Practice of waterpipe use
Waterpipe smoking is usually practiced in groups. The hose is passed from person to person, and the same mouthpiece is usually used by all the participants. Most smoking sessions last 45 to 60 minutes but may also continue for several hours.
Even if the pipe and mouthpiece is only used by one customer at a time, it should be noted that waterpipes and hoses are generally reused by other smoking customers at the same day It is therefore, not surprising, that waterpipe smokers are exposed to microorganisms that may be harmful to health.[viii],[ix][x]
How do the waterpipes get contaminated with infectious microorganisms?
The risk of transmission of infectious microbial agents through smoking waterpipes is high
 - If mouth pieces are not used individually the microorganisms can easily pass from mouth to mouth.
 - smokers often cough into hoses and moisture in tobacco smoke promotes the survival of microorganisms inside waterpipe hose.
 - Furthermore, the use of cold water in the water chamber for a cold airflow may facilitate the survival of viruses and bacteria.
 - The spread of infectious diseases could also result from the uncontrolled, manual preparation of narghile.
Evidence of Infectious Disease transmission though waterpipe
Waterpipes and mouthpieces have been implicated in an outbreak of pulmonary tuberculosis in Queensland, Australia.[xi],[xii].El-Barrawy et al. [xiii] related infection with Helicobacter pylori to waterpipes smoking in Egypt. The risk of transmission of the hepatitis C virus through waterpipes smoking was also demonstrated by Habib et al. (2001).[xiv] Other viruses that can be transmitted are Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), herpes simplex virus and respiratory virus [xv]. Fungal infections have also been reported to be waterpipes transmitted diseases when a patient with acute myeloid leukemia showed invasive infection with Aspergillus sp.[xvi][xvii]
Measures were taken by some countries in view of the potential risk of COVID-19 infection though waterpipe use
Some countries in the Eastern Mediterranean Region such as Iran, Kuwait, Pakistan, Qatar and Saudi Arabia have banned the use of shisha in public places such as cafes, shisha bars or restaurants to avoid COVID-19 transmission.
3- Recommendations
 - Inform the public about the high risk of infection of COVID-19 when using waterpipe.
 - Complete ban of the use of waterpipes in all public establishments such as cafes, bars, restaurants, etc. with no exceptions even if the mouthpiece or hose is changed with each individual use. Avoid sharing waterpipe mouthpieces even in home settings.
 - Ensure the enforcement of the ban with adequate fines and penalties.
 - Inform the public about the increased risk of COVID 19 infection in smokers versus non-smokers.
 - Encourage smokers to quit smoking.
[ii] Dye JAAdler KB Effects of cigarette smoke on epithelial cells of the respiratory tract. Thorax 1994;49825- 834
[iii] Sopori MLGoud NSKaplan AM Effect of tobacco smoke on the immune system. JH DeanAE LusterM Kimereds. Immunotoxicology and Immunopharmacology New York, NY Raven Press1994;413- 432Google Scholar
[iv] Sopori MLKozak WSavage SM et al. Effect of nicotine on the immune system: possible regulation of immune responses by central and peripheral mechanisms. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1998;23189- 204
[v] Tollerud DJClark JWBrown LM et al. The effects of cigarette smoking on T cell subsets: a population-based survey of healthy caucasians. Am Rev Respir Dis 1989;_PHONE_
[viii] Koul, P.A., Hajni, M.R., Sheikh, M.A., et al., 2011. Hookah smoking and lung cancer in the Kashmir valley of the Indian subcontinent. Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. 12, 519e24. [PubMed
[x] Daniels K.E., Roman N.V. A descriptive study of the perceptions and behaviors of waterpipe use by university students in the Western Cape, South Africa. Tob. Induc. Dis. 2013;11:4. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] [Ref list]
[xi] Urkin, J., Ochaion, R., Peleg, A., 2006. Hubble bubble equals trouble: the hazards of water pipe smoking. Sci. World J. 6, 1990e7. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Ref list]
[xii] Munckhof, W.J., Konstantinos, A., Wamsley, M., et al., 2003. A cluster of tuberculosis associated with use of a marijuana water pipe. Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. 7, 860e5. [PubMed] [Ref list]
[xiii] El-Barrawy, M.A., Morad, M.I., Gaber, M., 1997. Role of Helicobacter pylori in the genesis of gastric ulcerations among smokers and nonsmokers. East Mediterr. Health J., 3: 316e21. [Ref list]
[xiv] Habib, M., Mohamed, M.K., Abdel-Aziz, F., et al., 2001. Hepatitis C virus infection in a community in the Nile Delta: risk factors for seropositivity. Hepatology 33, 248e53. [PubMed] [Ref list]
[xv] Knishkowy, B., Amitai, Y., 2005. Water pipe (narghile) smoking: an emerging health risk behavior. Pediatrics, 116, e113e9. [PubMed]
[xvii] Szyper-Kravitz, M., Lang, R., Manor, Y., et al., 2001. Early invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in a leukemia patient linked to aspergillus contaminated marijuana smoking. Leuk Lymphoma, 42, 1433e7. [PubMed]


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These feather-like crystals are both ingested by humans for health and used by them to scrub floors and get the gunk off tiles. Take a look at what they are, and why polarized light makes them look so amazing.
The picture above is citric acid crystals, viewed through a polarization microscope. Everyone reading this has had either citric acid or scurvy sometime in their life. Citric acid, as you might imagine, is in most citrus fruits, as well as a few berries, is used by companies as a way to serve Vitamin C, and is the powder that you see on the outside of sour balls and other sour candy. The acid also dissolves a lot of grime, and thus is used in household cleaners, which is why many cleaners contain 'lemon oil.' It's a useful molecule, but who expected that it could be prettied up?
A polarization microscope shoots polarized light at objects, especially crystals. Crystals tend toward double refraction. They split beams of light which aren't polarized into two beams, travelling at right angles to each other and polarized at right angles as well. When the beams exit the crystal the two waves, which have traveled at different speeds, are out of phase with each other. A second polarization filter combine, the peaks and valleys merging together to either create huge peaks of light or dark areas, and we get the image above.
It's not often we see the beauty in the everyday, so let us take a quick moment to appreciate the lovely thing we put in our mouths and use to clean our toilets.
Image: Jan Homann


International Studies Abroad ®est. 1987
Universities in Townsville
James Cook University - Townsville
As Queensland's second oldest university, James Cook University (JCU) is world renowned for its research and instruction focused on the tropics. The University is surrounded by numerous ecosystems including the Great Barrier Reef, rainforests of the Wet Tropics and more where students are able to apply their studies within the diverse environment. JCUTownsville is recognized by the Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations, Australia. At JCU there are hundreds of study areas for students to choose from, many offering exciting, hands-on field components. Popular study areas include:
Marine Biology
Tropical Biology and Zoology
Rainforest and Coastal Science
Earth Sciences/Geology
Indigenous Australian Studies
James Cook University's Townsville campus is the University's largest campus, boasting approximately 12,300 students, including over 1,400 international students. The campus surroundings provide students with easy access to everything they will need during their time at JCU, including a large variety of outdoor activities, visits to the Great Barrier Reef and nearby islands and resorts, historic outback towns, and World Heritage listed rainforests. Diverse environments, vibrant communities, and challenging academic programs are just a few of the reasons why so many students choose to study abroad at James Cook University.
Times Higher Education has ranked James Cook University within the top 300 universities (2016).
James Cook University supports ISA students with four $500 AUD awards per year.
Cricos Code: 00117J
Our programs at the James Cook University - Townsville


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The Hardware Support Lab of RIM, the company that manufatures Blackberry yeaterday published a series of videos demonstrating the series of stress tests they do on their devices. These inclide bending the devices past their known breaking point, dropping them on hard floor and also dropping them in water.
Device manufacturers usually do this to show users what the devices they purchase can withstand.
The videos go a notch further by doing slow motion so that a viewer can see the actual bouncing or bending the device goes through during the durability test. See the videos below: