as if
Definition of as if
 1. 1 : as it would be if It was as if he had lost his last friend.
 2. 2 : as one would do if He ran as if ghosts were chasing him.
 3. 3 : that It seemed as if the day would never end.
 4. 4 —used to say that something is not true, not possible, will not happen, etc. "I am sure I am very affectionate," said Dora; "you oughtn't to be cruel to me, Doady!" "Cruel, my precious love! As if I would—or could—be cruel to you, for the world!" — Charles Dickens ; sometimes used informally as an interjection to say that something suggested or claimed is impossible, incorrect, or ridiculously unlikely to be true A simple collection of songs? As if. How about a conceptual ode to London's millennia-old history? — Craig McLean Big budgets? High-priced actresses? As if! The film cost a modest $13 million, a figure achieved by not casting stars, but rather stars-in-the-making … — Nicholas Fonseca
Examples of as if in a sentence
 1.
13th Century
First Known Use of as if
13th century
AS IF Defined for Kids
as if
Definition of as if for Students
 1. 1 : the way it would be if It's as if we'd never left.
 2. 2 : as someone would do if They acted as if they knew me.
 3. 3 : 2that 1 It seemed as if the day would never end.
Learn More about as if
Seen and Heard
What made you want to look up as if? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible).
a side road used to avoid a toll
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Why We Keep Looking and Looking for Lost Items
Jan. 18, 2010 -- SUNDAY, Jan. 17 (HealthDay News) -- Looking for something? New research provides insight into why we miss things when they're uncommon.
"We know that if you don't find it often, you often don't find it," said Jeremy Wolfe of Harvard Medical School. "Rare stuff gets missed." Wolfe's comments came in a news release from Cell Press, which published a study on the phenomenon online Jan. 14 in Current Biology.
Anyone who's ever tried to find the so-called needle in a haystack knows of what he speaks. But why does this happen?
In a new study, researchers say that people who look for common things don't stop. "When nothing is there, they don't give up on the response," Wolfe said. "It's all terribly adaptive behavior for a beast in the world. If you know berries are there, you keep looking until you find them. If they are never there, you don't spend your time hunting."
When something is rare, we try hard to look for it, but "we aren't well-built for that and make more errors than we'd like," he said.
What to do in places like airports, where security screeners have to look for uncommon objects like weapons? Wolfe said it might be wise to prime people at the beginning of shifts by having them search for common things, then let them go on duty and look for rare things.
The researchers plan to test their theories in airports and in health clinics, where medical employees look for rare things like tumors.
More information
The Franklin Institute has more about the brain.
SOURCE: Cell Press, news release, Jan. 14, 2010


What Car Modifications are and are Not Legal
Car enthusiasts value their vehicles more than many other things in their lives; it is a prized possession. These people will not hesitate to keep spending money on their car(s) to upgrade, modify, and personalize it to their liking. These modifications can include tinted windows, car wraps, and new exhaust pipes. However, they can only legally do so much, according to the California DMV laws. Here are a handful of those laws.
There are laws that dictate how loud a vehicle may be. Exhaust systems cannot increase or amplify the amount of sound beyond what is produced by factory equipment. Vehicles that weigh less than 6,000 pounds cannot be louder than 95 decibels; motorcycles are excluded from this. The radio or other sound systems cannot be heard from beyond 50 feet from the vehicle.
Rear and back side windows can be tinted to any darkness. However, front side windows can only be tinted to a certain darkness. Non-reflective tint is only allowed on the top 4 inches of the front windshield; it is illegal to have non-reflective tint anywhere else.
All vehicles must pass a smog check, even when it is equipped with a new engine. In addition, all engines must be certified for use, and be certified as the same or newer model year of the vehicle. This ensures that it will function properly and meet the proper emissions standards.
Frame and Suspension
No vehicle can be taller than 14 feet in height. There are additional frame regulations according to certain vehicle weights.
Just because it can be illegal to modify a car a certain way, does not mean that it is impossible to do it anyway. You may have seen or heard cars that have been illegally modified. Common illegal car modifications include cars that:
Are too loud
Whose front windows are tinted too dark
Are equipped with radar detectors attached to the windshield of the car
Are equipped with reflective covering over their license plate
Have a license plate frame that covers any part of the number, letters, or state name
Have neon lights under it
Not every state has the exact same car modification laws so if you ever plan on moving or taking your car out of state, make sure it is legal to drive it there.


you are here: home > Worksheets > Neurocalendars
Neuroscience For Kids
neurocal What and when did events in the history of neuroscience occur? When were famous neuroscientists born? When did they die? When were important discoveries made? Did anything interesting happen on your birthday?
Find out with the handy-dandy NeuroCalendar. Pick a month, any month. Then print the calendar. It contains interesting dates, names and events about the brain and nervous system. The calendar for each month is in PDF so make sure you have the Adobe Acrobat reader. Print the calendar to keep track of the events throughout the year.
Calendars - 2014
References for these calendars include:
 1. Nobel Prize Winners (Neuroscience)
 2. Street, W.R. A Chronology of Noteworthy Events in American Psychology, American Psychology Association, Washington, DC, 1994.
 3. Accardo, P. The Medical Almanac, Totowa: Humana Press, 1992.
 4. National Institutes of Health
 5. Schlessinger, B.S. and Schlessinger, J.H. The Who's Who of Nobel Prize Winners _PHONE_, Phoenix: Oryx Press, 1991.
Download Adobe Acrobat
Copyright © _PHONE_, Eric H. Chudler, University of Washington


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Understanding the Light Field viewing volume, it's practical applications in VR and how viewers interact with it are core challenges at Lytro. It forced us to think in new ways and find solutions that work in conjunction with the broader ecosystem of post-production tools and storytelling conventions.
In a previous blog post we talked about the concept of the Light Field volume.
We often refered to this Light Field volume as a sphere that surrounds the viewer's head. In this blog post we'll explore the various considerations that come into play when shaping the view volume and how it affects the resulting user experience.
First, let's understand what is the "natural" shape of the view volume. The view volume's shape depends on the shape of the device that captured the footage/rays of light. For example, if you have a perfect dense sphere of cameras, the view volume would also look like a smaller sphere in the center of the capture sphere. How much smaller? That depends on the field of view of the lenses involved. For example, with 90 degrees lenses, the view volume of a capture sphere would look like this:
Cross section of a capture sphere (in gray) surrounded by cameras with 90 degrees lenses,
forming a smaller view volume (in orange) in the same shape as the capture sphere.
If you have a planar capture configuration, the view volume shape starts being less well defined. The resulting view volume shape is a collection of overlapping triangles that form some sort of a star configuration (exact shape is determined by the rotation steps and field of view of the lenses).
Why does the shape matter?
The shape of the viewing volume matters due to several important considerations:
- It defines the range of motion (space) the viewer would eventually have
- It defines the continuity of motion inside of the view volume
- It affects the production cost
- It affects the creative choices and data size of the final output
1. Range of Motion
Range of motion is simply the volume of space that is available for the viewer to move in. The larger the volume, the more the viewer's head can travel within the Light Field, the more parallax is available, the more details that can be discovered (revealing occluded information). All things being equal, most content creators would always prefer to have as large of a volume as possible – bigger is better!
The balance to volume size is data size. As described in the "Outward vs. Inward Capture" blog post, the data size in a volume grows to the power of 3 and that quickly gets very large. Depending on the use-case, and method of delivery, this can become unwieldy and defeats the purpose of a great viewer experience.
2. Continuity of Motion
The continuity of motion consideration within a viewing volume has to do with the geometrical shape of that volume and how the player application handles "Out of Bound" (OOB) scenario. When the viewer find him/herself in a partially samples point of the Light Field, unpredictable results might occur. The required rays of light might be available or not. The resulting distortions or artifacts might be noticeable, or not. The player might be able to reproject other rays of light into the missing pieces, or not – it's simply not predictable and therefore we always try to avoid it.
As an example of discontinuity within a Light Field, let's imagine shape with a missing triangle (represented by red lines below). Since the viewer can freely move their head in real-world coordinates, they can easily find themselves in a zone of discontinuity where the Light Field is not fully sampled.
Viewer moving their head from point A to point B in a curve find themselves
inadvertently outside (highlighted in red) of the viewing volume (orange).
3. Production Cost
As stated before, the larger the volume, the more data you need to manage from capture to post-production all the way to final delivery. Due to current technological/IT constraints (storage, data throughout, backups, etc.), cost is often influenced by data size and content producers have to ask themselves – is that enough volume or possibly too much?
For post-production, the more data you manage, the more touchups and cleanups you have to evaluate and that can quickly add-up. When performing post-production operations on a volume of space, you have to constantly deal with visual information that not only changes over time (temporally) but also based on spatial point of view (result of parallax). An actor's feet that seem invisible from one angle can suddenly pop into frame from another angle and require some adjustment. An actor's face that is perfectly lit from the front might be underexposed from the side or might reveal the cable of the spot-mic.
Storage and rendering costs can also grow in the same direction. There are many techniques and best practices for mitigating cost increases but the general rule is: more volume = more cost. The Light Field volume captured by Lytro Immerge is carefully selected to strike a balance between view volume and overall production cost.
4. Final Output
Most importantly, the shape of the viewing volume has a direct impact on artistic choices and storytelling. Assuming that content creators are trying to balance all of these considerations and produce the best VR experience for their project, shaping this viewing volume becomes a critical creative choice. For example, imagine a performer in a corner of a room. The room is providing critical atmosphere for the performance but the viewer is expected to spend 90% of their time looking at the performer. Investing production cost and data size in enabling range of motion for viewing the room might be a misguided choice vs. enabling greater range of motion near the performer – getting closer, looking from the sides or from above…
Another example is practical set. A director might choose to give a nice range of motion for the audience in front of a stage but trim that motion on the edges, just before the set ends and the back-stage starts becoming visible. Or the opposite, expose a surprise if the viewer is looking at the back-stage.
Content creators have to balance many considerations and find the right solution for each situation/need. It is recommended to think about the most demanding situation that you have (the largest viewing volume that you think you need) make that into your "master volume" and customize multiple viewing volumes as a subsets, each addressing a different need. The largest viewing volume could be for an in-venue experience (where file size is not an issue). A slightly trimmed down version for a large download and a small viewing volume for a smaller download version.
To address all of the considerations and challenges mentioned above, Lytro has been developing a wide range of solutions, including:
- Plugins that extend the capabilities of existing post-production tools to accommodate Light Field and three dimensional points of view
- Cloud processing infrastructure that can help optimize time and cost
- Quality control tools for tracking every ray of light, where it originated from and how it affects the viewer's experience
- Tools for tracking the range of motion viewers require while viewing different VR pieces so the viewing volume can be optimized
As it pertains to tracking viewers motion in headset, we are also interested in different viewing experiences from seated positions to standing in place or walking around a large, room-scale, Light Field. The goal is to develop tools and best practices that help guide content creators in the pursuit of the optimal Light Field viewing volume for each piece of content and use.
Viewer being tracked for range of motion while viewing Lytro's "Moon" VR piece in a seated position.
Data is represented as a heat map where red = frequent and green = less frequent visit
For live action Light Field content, we think of a sphere as that natural shape that we need to capture. Once obtained, we treat this large sphere-shaped view volume as the ultimate "master" and all optimizations are a subset of that master, chosen based on creative choices, production cost and delivery needs.
Various shapes of viewing volume around a viewer's head. The larger gray sphere represents the "master" view volume and the orange shape is the optimized view volume. Each piece of content might benefit from multiple different shapes to meet different objectives.
In developing Light Field solutions, we often find ourselves looking to solve challenges in an uncharted territory. We are constantly iterating and experimenting with different view volume shapes, sizes and characteristics. In our persistence, we strive to give content creators the widest set of creative tools and choices with which to tell their stories, and look forward to seeing how they will put it all to great use.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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During the servicing of loans, your company may find it necessary to add additional charges to customer accounts. This article covers the logging of a charge on an individual account. This article will not cover automatic late fees, recurring charges, or change due date charges.
To log a charge on an account, navigate to Loan Manager > select the loan in question > Charges.
- Paid: Designates whether or not a charge has been fully paid on an account. In the event you see a check mark, the charge has been paid in full.
- Title: This represents the given title of the charge.
- Charge Date: The date the charge was recorded.
- Amount: The amount of the applied charge.
- Charge Type: Designates the type that was selected for the charge itself.
- Application: This designates the application of the charge. The two options are "Standard" and "Payoff Only".
- Status: This designates whether the report has been reversed, or is currently active.
By selecting the "Log Charge" icon, you will be greeted with the following screen:
You can enter the following data for a new charge:
- Amount – The amount that will be charged (required).
- Application Date – This is the date the charge will apply on the account (required).
- Type – The type of charge (required). The list of charge types can be customized at Settings > Loan > Charges > Types in your company account.
- Info – This is a field where you can enter any additional charge info.
- Application – This selection determines when the charge will come due. The options are:
- Standard – The charge will come due on the Application Date (or on the first day of the payment period it falls into depending on your Fees Paid By setting on the account)
- Payoff – The charge must be paid in order to pay off the loan, but won't be due before then.
Once you have entered the charge information, click the "Save Charge" icon to save the charge.
To generate a list of charges from a specific loan account select either the Create PDF or CSV Export icon located next to the Log Charge button.
When selecting the Create PDF icon it will take all charges currently applied on the loan account and place them into a downloadable file can be viewed inside of Adobe Acrobat Reader.
Export to CSV
When selecting the green excel icon it will format a downloadable file in the CSV format. Simply download the file, and access it with the spreadsheet program of your choice. Once the file has been opened you can further manipulate or view the data.


Definitions for
Overview of noun retentivity
The noun retentivity has 3 senses? (no senses from tagged texts)
1. memory, retention, retentiveness, retentivity
(the power of retaining and recalling past experience; "he had a good memory when he was younger")
2. retentiveness, retentivity
(the property of retaining possessions that have been acquired)
3. retentiveness, retentivity, retention
(the power of retaining liquid; "moisture retentivity of soil") © 2001-2013, Demand Media, all rights reserved. The database is based on Word Net a lexical database for the English language. see disclaimer
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Definition of across preposition from the Oxford Advanced American Dictionary
 jump to other results
 1. 1from one side to the other side of something He walked across the field. I drew a line across the page. A grin spread across her face. Where's the nearest bridge across the river?
 2. 2on the other side of something There's a bank right across the street.
 3. 3 on or over a part of the body He hit him across the face. It's too tight across the back.
 4. 4in every part of a place, group of people, etc. synonym throughout Her family is scattered across the country. This view is common across all sections of the community.
See the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary entry: across


Quick Answer: How do i label coordinates in autocad?
How do I set relative coordinates in Autocad?
 1. On the command line, enter DSETTINGS.
 2. In the Dynamic Settings dialog box, click the Dynamic Input tab.
 3. Under Pointer Input, click Settings.
 4. In the Pointer Input Settings dialog box, select either Relative Coordinates or Absolute Coordinates, as desired.
24 мая 2017 г.
How do I draw a line with coordinates in AutoCAD?
Using Specific Coordinates
 1. Click Home tab > Draw panel > Line. Find.
 2. Type the coordinate value for the first point by typing the X value, a comma, then the Y value, for example 1.65,4.25.
 3. Press the Spacebar or Enter.
 4. Do one of the following: …
 5. Press the Spacebar or Enter.
How do I make labels in Autocad?
To Create a Label Template
 1. Click Tools menu Palettes dbConnect.
 2. In the dbConnect Manager, click the New Label Template button.
 3. In the Select a Database Object dialog box, select a link template and click continue.
 4. Enter a name for the label template.
 5. To open the Label Template dialog box, click Continue.
How do you use relative coordinates?
Use relative coordinates when you know the location of a point in relation to the previous point. To specify relative coordinates, precede the coordinate values with an @ sign. For example, entering _USER_,4 specifies a point 3 units along the X axis and 4 units along the Y axis from the last point specified.
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What is the difference between absolute coordinates and relative coordinates in AutoCAD?
There are two ways to enter coordinates in AutoCAD LT. The first is absolute, when you know the actual coordinates of the point you want, like (5,3). The second is relative, when all you know is how far the point is away from another point.
How do I get easting and northing coordinates in AutoCAD?
How to Enter Northings & Eastings in AutoCAD
 1. Select the "Home" tab and choose the "Draw" panel.
 2. Choose the "Line" drop down option. Click "Create Line By Northing/Easting." The button is marked with a line and a grid icon.
 3. Enter the "northing" value. …
 4. Type additional northing and easting values to add additional lines.
How do you plot Northing and Easting coordinates in AutoCAD?
To Create Lines by Specifying Northing/Easting Coordinates
 1. Click Home tab Draw panel Line drop-down Create Line By Northing/Easting Find.
 2. Enter a northing value.
 3. Enter an easting value. …
 4. Continue to enter northing and easting values to define the line segments.
How do I add labels in Autocad 2018?
To Insert Note Labels
 1. Specify the layer for Note labels on the Object Layers tab of the Drawing Settings dialog box.
 2. Click Annotate tab Labels & Tables panel Add Labels menu Notes.
 3. In the Add Labels dialog box, under Feature, select Note.
 4. Select the Note label style to use.
 5. Optionally, select a Marker Style to use.
How do you use leaders in Autocad?
 1. Click Home tab Annotation panel Multileader. …
 2. At the Command prompt, enter o to select options.
 3. Enter l to specify leaders.
 4. Enter s to specify straight leaders.
 5. In the drawing, click a start point for the leader head.
 6. Click an end point for the leader.
 7. Enter your MTEXT content.
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What is relative coordinate system?
Relative coordinates are locations defined by their distance from a reference point. An example of a relative coordinate is the distance from your computer monitor to your printer.
What is the use of offset command?
The offset command in AutoCAD is used to create parallel lines, concentric circles, and parallel curves. We can offset any object through a point or at a specified distance. We can create as many parallel lines and curves with the help of the offset command.
What do you mean by absolute polar coordinates?
Absolute polar coordinates are measured from the UCS origin (0,0), which is the intersection of the X and Y axes. Use absolute polar coordinates when you know the precise distance and angle coordinates of the point. With dynamic input, you can specify absolute coordinates with the # prefix.
Special Project


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Lennox Island is a Mi'kmaq First Nation on Prince Edward Island, Canada, with its headquarters in Lennox Island, northeast of Tyne Valley. The band consists of a single reserve occupying all of Lennox Island.
The Lennox Island First Nation was originally known as "L'nui Minegoo" or the Indian/People's Island, and later known as the Lennox Island Reserve or the Lennox Island Band. It was named after Charles Lennox, Duke of Richmond, by Samuel Holland; surveyor. It also included the reserves that now comprise the Abegweit First Nation. Original permanent inhabitants included Chief Francis Francis who resided there after the Mi'kmaq were displaced from Cortin Island. The Saint Ann Mission was later established on the island.
Coordinates: 46°36′39.1″N 63°51′9.9″W / 46.610861°N 63.852750°W

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Why is standardisation important?
- A lack of standardisation impedes the development of the market. Using multiple standards means devices cannot communicate. Standardisation is important for the industry to be truly efficient and integrated.
- However it is important that the standard is allowed to develop over time. Technology in this sector is moving on and any standard needs to be flexible enough to move with technological changes.
- This community is dedicated to promoting a progressive standard. As technology develops, the WAVE2M standard will be allowed to develop and improve.


Stonehaven was first named Kilwhang and lies on the coast approximately fifteen miles South of Aberdeen. The town has an estimated population of around 11,000 people. Stonehaven is spectacular with it's bay surrounded on either side by approximately 100ft high cliffs which carry the scenic coastal roads North and South.
To the North is Garron Point and it's amazing 18 Hole golf course.
Approximately 2 miles South of Stonehaven,is the hump backed Downie Point.
This was the guardian to the town's spectacular Harbour, probably the most photographed in Britain.
In 1562 from the Black Hill, Oliver Cromwell's troops tried unsuccessfully to seize the Crown Jewels of Scotland.
Stonehaven has a Modern layout with 48 foot wide streets, some which are tree lined, these trees being centred round Stonehaven's Market Square.
Erected in 1790, was the square shaped Town House clock and spire, which is situated in the High Street of the Old Town near Stonehaven's Harbour.
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Average Sunshine in Alberta for February
The tables below give February averages for the number of sunny days and hours of sunshine at cities and towns in Alberta.
Each place has three measures of sunshine. The number for % Sun is the usual percentage of daylight hours with bright sunshine. Hours gives the total hours of bright sunshine that's normal this month. Days statistics are for the typical number of days in February with any amount of measurable sunshine. All the data are averages for the years 1971 to 2000.
Environment Canada. National Climate Data and Information Archive. Canadian Climate Normals or Averages _PHONE_.


correct order with the preposition "on" between them.
 Example 6.3.1: Calculating Force
 What force is exerted on the tooth in Figure if the tension in the wire is 25.0 N? Note that the force applied to the tooth is smaller than the tension in the wire, but this is necessitated by practical considerations of how force can be applied in the mouth. Explicitly show how you follow steps in the Problem-Solving Strategy for Newton's laws of motion.
 Figure 6.3.1 Braces are used to apply forces to teeth to realign them. Shown in this figure are the tensions applied by the wire to the protruding tooth. The total force applied to the tooth by the wire, \(F_{app} \), points straight toward the back of the mouth.
 1. Use Newton's laws since we are looking for forces.
 2. Draw a free-body diagram:
 Figure 6.3.2.
 3. The tension is given as \( T = 25.0 \space N. \) Fond \(F_{app}.\) Using Newton's laws gives: \( \sum{F_y} = 0 \), so that applied force is due to the y-components of the two tensions: \(F_{app} = 2T \space sin \space \theta = 2(25.0 \space N) \space sin (15^o) = 12.9 \space N. \) The x-components of the tension cancel. \( \sum{F_x} = 0 \).
 4. This seems reasonable, since the applied tensions should be greater than the force applied to the tooth.
 Contact and Long Range Forces
 An interaction and the accompanying agent of interaction—the force—can occur between objects that are in contact as well as between objects that are widely separated in space. An example of the former is the force you apply on an object when you push it, or the force your bat exerts on a ball as you hit it into left field. An example of the latter is the force of gravity the Earth exerts on an orbiting satellite 200 miles above the surface of the Earth. The gravitational interaction between the Earth and other objects which may or may not be touching the Earth is said to be long range. The interaction and the force, the agent of the interaction, continue to exist, even when there is no direct contact. This is distinctly different from the example of the bat and ball. The force of the bat on the ball is often referred to as a contact force, since there is no interaction or force if the bat and ball are not in actual contact (in a macroscopic sense).


text:
The short films were launched by Union Minister Anurag Singh Thakur
- The Investor Education & Protection Fund Authority (IEPFA) has come up with six modules of short films to highlight the importance of budget, saving, importance of Insurance schemes, various social security schemes of the government.
- The modules — of 5 minutes duration each —also portray the consequences of a common man falling prey to the ponzu schemes and how they should protect themselves from such schemes
- Hisaab ki kitab is a series of six short films, developed by CSC eGov as a part of their training tool. These short films will be used by IEPFA and its partnering organisation for Investor Awareness Programs across the country,
- In financial inclusion, a number of steps have been taken by the Government. As a result a large sections of the population have been brought into the formal financial fold. In this context, promoting and deepening financial education would play a "very important part in our endeavour to realise our collective potential,
- Senior representatives of various partnering organisations of IEPF Authority like the Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan, India Post Payment Bank, Indian Institute of Corporate Affairs, ICSI and ICAI attended the virtual event.


text: Acoustic reflectance measurement techniques have been investigated that are calibrated using pressure responses measured in one or more cylindrical tubes and viscothermal models of wall loss. Of clinical interest as a test of hearing is a single-microphone technique to measure the inherently nonlinear ear-canal reflectance at various stimulus levels. Calibration of the probe containing the sound source/receiver consists of measuring the source reflectance of the probe and the incident pressure response at each stimulus level. A single-tube technique relies on separability of the tube response into incident and reflected signals, while multi-tube techniques rely on solving an overdetermined matrix equation of responses. The matrix includes weighting factors that differ across tubes by reflectance or SPL to control for inadequate signal-to-noise ratios at isolated frequencies, and a regularized matrix inverse solution is compared to the pseudoinverse solution. The single-tube technique functions as well as the best performing multi-tube technique, and requires fewer calibration steps. However, there is an ambiguity between the tube length chosen in the tube response model and the measured phase of the source reflectance. This ambiguity is addressed by a priori knowledge of the phase response of the probe averaged across frequency.


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Instructions for Curing Your Pizza Oven
Follow these instructions for curing your pizza oven. Curing wood fired ovens is critical to your pizza oven's performance. Failure to follow these instructions can result in damage up to and including cracking the dome, severely impacting heat retention.
NOTE: If you have a gas assist commercial oven, there are shortcuts to the curing process you can find in the Installation Manual. A Forno Bravo technician can be made available through our contact form to help walk you through some tricks to make this easier.
1-Why is proper curing so important?
When cast, your oven contains a high ratio of water to concrete that has to be baked out of the oven. This curing process actually strengthens the dome when done properly. However, if the oven gets too hot too fast, that water seeks to escape the entire dome's thickness simultaneously and can result in cracking the dome.
Also, after you have installed your oven, there is still a great deal of moisture in the mortars, hearth concrete, vermiculite, and the oven chamber and vent. Each of these oven components was recently produced using an air-drying, water-based process. Simply letting the oven stand for a week does not "cure" the moisture out of the oven.
2-Can I cure the oven dome without installing the insulation and decorative facade?
Technically you can, but it isn't recommended for a few reasons:
- Without insulation, you will experience heat loss making it more difficult to manage to proper temperatures;
- Without insulation, it can present a fire and safety hazard;
- After cure, your oven can reach temperatures in excess of 1000 deg F, so if you cure it, then do your stucco facade, the first time you cook pizza the stucco will also have water that tries to dry and cure causing it crack and possibly ruin your seal on the oven.
3-When can I start my curing process?
Before you start the curing process, let the complete oven sit for one week. It doesn't matter if it rained during that week, moisture often helps the natural strengthening of the refractory material.
If you purchased a fully assembled pizza oven from Forno Bravo, this doesn't apply as the assembly time in our facility is sufficient.
4-How do we cure the oven?
While it is difficult to maintain consistent, low-temperature fires, it is critical for proper curing that you do not go above these temperatures during the first two days.
It is important that you cure your pizza oven slowly over a 5 day period. You build a series of five increasingly larger fires, starting with a low temperature (see below). The first-day fire is no more than kindling and thin strips of wood.
Day 1: 300ºF for 6 hours (longer is better)
Start and maintain the fire in the center of the interior dome wall, not on either side or back of the oven. You don't want the fire to get too high and touch the dome as direct contact with the fire will spike temperatures.
You won't put the door all the way in the oven, but rather use it as a windbreak allowing about a 1-inch gap once the fire is lit. Lean the door back on its handle allowing the temperature gauge to get an accurate temperature. Also, this will help direct the smoke up the vent because at lower temperatures the wood will not burn off the impurities as fast.
Using the analog temperature gauge provided in the oven door/frame. The temperature gauge reads the oven's air temperature. For a more accurate temperature reading of the oven refractory surfaces, which can be use for many types of cooking, you can use the optional Digital Infrared Thermometer, which can be purchased in the Forno Bravo Store.
You want to measure the temperature at the dome of the oven, not the side wall or floor. This will be the hottest point of the oven. The temperature can vary slightly, but try not to exceed the temperature for that day's cure schedule by more than a few degrees, better to be 20 degrees cooler than hotter. Especially on day one and two.
Close the oven door every evening to preserve dryness and heat.
Day 2: Repeat process at 350ºF
Day 3. Repeat at 400ºF
Day 4. Repeat at 450ºF
Day 5. Repeat at 500ºF
- Use solid wood fuels only.
- DO NOT use charcoal, pressure treated lumber, chipped wood products, sappy wood such as pine, laminated wood or any material other than dry medium or hard firewood.
- DO NOT USE liquid fuel (firelighter fluid, gasoline, lantern oil, kerosene or similar liquids) to start or maintain a fire.
- You can start the fire with an acetylene torch if you have one handy.
- Food grade fire starters are considered acceptable aids when starting a fire.
- Do not use products not specified for use with this oven.
- Never use water to lower the temperature inside the oven, or to extinguish the fire. This will increase wear and tear on your oven and can lead to "spalling" pitting and cracking your floor tiles.
- There must be a period of time between completing the masonry work and beginning the actual firing cure.
- Longer is better than shorter, particularly for the actual dome cement.
- The cement and mortar must cure first and this process is actually improved by keeping the cement moist and not letting it dry out.
- Space heaters should not be used to cure an oven. It will produce a high amount of steam in the oven and can become a safety hazard so it is not recommended.
- If you notice a black smoke coming from the oven, don't panic, that is food grade grease which is used in the de-molding process. The smoke will be a little heavy for the first 2 days and will dissipate through the rest of the curing process.
Congratulations. Your oven is complete and ready for Cooking.


text:
|Tooltip text||Cl (17)|
Chlorine (Cl) is an item and element added by MineChem. It has the atomic number 17 and the attributes Stable, Halogen and Gaseous. It is used to synthesis some chemical compounds.
Recipe[edit | edit source]
Since it is an element, it cannot be synthesized. However, it can be extracted from a few materials, such as Cobblestone as well as some chemical compounds. In addition, there are further sources from other mods for example Salt (Pam's Harvestcraft) from Pam's Harvestcraft or Apatite from Forestry. It can also be produced with the Chemical Fusion and Fission chambers.
Chemical Bucket[edit | edit source]
Chlorine (Cl) can be stored in space-saving chemical buckets.
Chlorine in the real world[edit | edit source]


text:
Two examples of positive behavioural support reports proactive strategies reactive strategies 4. Reactive vs proactive change one of the major issues associated with managing change is reactive versus proactive they may be used as a. 1: models :: improving chronic within each of these elements, there are specific concepts ("change concepts") they can also be used to monitor performance.
Them in executing these strategies proactive organizations focus organizations find themselves in a reactive are you exceeding your customers' expectations. Unit title: promote positive behaviour identify the proactive and reactive strategies that are used within own work. Identify employee training needs identify whether the discrepancy is due to work process what is the difference between a proactive & reactive tna identify. Transforming health: shifting from reactive to proactive, planned, integrated care within a of how medications work, as well as the emerging role of the.
The goal of benchmarking is to identify the weaknesses successful strategies used by other embraces change in a proactive rather than reactive. Behavior that used to 'work' for your child, it allows them to identify what really matters despite proactive strategies,. Proactive international strategies of cluster takes both reactive and proactive research on the international strategies of cluster smes.
H5me 04 (scdhsc0336) — promote positive behaviour behaviour and implementing proactive strategies to language differences within the work. Difference between a proactive & a reactive business strategy both proactive and reactive business strategies are essential proactive strategies, when used. Skills for care learning outcomes identify the proactive and reactive strategies that are used within own work role 23. It is necessary to define a plan for proactive and reactive security planning the proactive plan own modems to their work used to identify.
22 identify the proactive and reactive strategies that are used within own work role proactive proactive and reactive strategies to be used. The emerging role of robotics in personal health care: our goal was to identify and justify an area of health care that may (proactive vs reactive. Evidence-based classroom behaviour management strategies own ecology, including teacher management strategies which can be used.
We will write a custom essay sample on promote positive behaviour 22 identify the proactive and reactive strategies that are used within own work role. Identify alternative mitigation strategies, this should be a proactive not a reactive of both the project owner's risk management role and effective. 52 explain the role within positive behavioural 94 identify possible reactive strategies that may be 97 identify own preferred post-incident support.


Using Policy Controller in a CI pipeline
This page describes how to integrate Policy Controller with Cloud Build by creating a Continuous Integration (CI) pipeline that checks policy validations synchronized with a Git repository.
If you are a developer and want to validate your app against company policies, read Validating your app against company policies in a continuous integration pipeline instead.
Creating a CI pipeline with Policy Controller allows you to:
 - Enforce defined policy configurations and provide feedback to developers as soon as possible. Policies allow platform admins to lock down access. Development teams must then comply with those policies rather than removing or circumventing them.
 - Set default fields on your Kubernetes Objects that should always be present. For example, you can automatically add labels for owners or cost center.
This page focuses on a Cloud Build CI pipeline using a GitHub config repository. You can use the same pattern to set up other CI tools or version control systems supported by Anthos Config Management.
This pipeline is built with KPT functions. KPT functions enable you to develop client-side container images to validate, transform, or generate Kubernetes configurations.
This topic uses pre-built KPT functions from the KPT Functions Catalog. A subset of the functions in the Catalog has been mirrored to a Google-supported Container Registry and is available to all projects.
Before you begin
 - You must have an Anthos entitlement to install Policy Controller using Anthos Config Management.
 - You need a cluster with Config Sync already installed.
 - Set up Policy Controller.
 - Have permission on your Google Cloud project, and have permission on the Cloud Build API. These permissions are required to enable the Cloud Build service account, see more details at Enabling APIs.
 - Enable Cloud Build in your project. This can be done through the Google Cloud Console.
Using an unstructured repo
This tutorial includes the option to use an unstructured repo. Unstructured repos do not require the default Anthos Config Management directory structure.
Configuring Cloud Build
You must grant the "Kubernetes Engine Developer" role to the Cloud Build service account in each Project where you configure the pipeline.
 1. Open the Cloud Build Settings page
 The Service account permissions page appears.
 2. Find the row that contains Kubernetes Engine and set the Status to Enabled.
For more information, see Setting service account permissions.
Setting up your environment
To configure Policy Controller to work with Cloud Build, see the example Git repo.
Clone the repo with git.
git clone
If you are using a hierarchical repo, you must edit configuration files in this repo after setting up Cloud Build.
Directory structure
In the repo anthos-config-management-samples, there are two directories that contain configs for a hierarchical repo (ci-pipeline/) and an unstructured repo (ci-pipeline-unstructured/). Choose the appropriate directory for your cluster type.
The ci-pipeline/ and ci-pipeline-unstructured/ directories in the repo use the following hierarchy:
 - config-root/ is the root of the repo and contains all of the configs for this example.
 - config-root/.../*-constraint.yaml and *-template.yaml define Policy Controller constraints and templates which all configs in config-root/ must pass.
 For example:
 - The file ci-pipeline/config-root/cluster/required-labels-constraint.yaml requires that each namespace must have a cost-center label.
 - The file ci-pipeline-unstructured/config-root/constraints/banned-key-constraint.yaml enforces that no ConfigMap Objects contain a field named private-key.
 For more information, see Creating constraints.
 - cloudbuild.yaml is the Cloud Build configuration file that defines build steps. These build steps are triggered by a commit to the repo.
 Using a hierarchical repo, the pipeline builds the contents of your repo with nomos hydrate, concatenates them, and validates them with Policy Controller.
 In an unstructured repo, Policy Controller builds your configuration without using nomos or connecting to your cluster.
 For more information on the contents of a configuration file, see Creating a basic configuration.
Configuring Cloud Build
In this section, you connect Cloud Build to your source repository so that Cloud Build can build the code in that repository.
Creating a build trigger
Cloud Build executes build triggers when a commit is pushed to the branch. To configure a build trigger in Google Cloud Console, perform the following steps.
 1. Open the Triggers page in the Google Cloud Console.
 Open the Triggers page
 2. Select your project from the project selector drop-down menu at the top of the page.
 3. Click Open.
 4. Click Create trigger.
 5. Create a Name for your trigger.
 6. For Event, select Push to a branch.
 7. Select your Repository. If you have not connected your repository, complete the following steps:
 1. Click Connect Repository.
 2. Select the repository where you've stored your source code.
 If you select GitHub (mirrored) or Bitbucket (mirrored) as your source repository, Cloud Build mirrors your repository in Cloud Source Repositories and uses the mirrored repository.
 3. Click Continue.
 4. Authenticate to your source repository with your username and password.
 5. From the list of available repositories, select the desired repository, then click Connect repository.
 8. From the list of available repositories, select the repository anthos-config-management-samples.
 9. Select your Branch, master.
 10. Under Build Configuration, set your Cloud Build Configuration File as ci-pipeline/cloudbuild.yaml or ci-pipeline-unstructured/cloudbuild.yaml.
 11. Click Create to save your build trigger.
You can also create build triggers with gcloud. For more information, see Creating and managing build triggers.
Configuring your repo
After Cloud Build is configured to connect to your repo, complete your configuration for Anthos Config Management.
 1. Edit the file csp-config-management/CODEOWNERS and replace _USER_ with your GitHub username or the email alias of the platform admin team. To learn more about the CODEOWNERS syntax, see About codeowners.
Select if you are using a hierarchical (default) or unstructured repo below.
 1. Edit the configuration file
 Edit the file csp-config-management/ci-pipeline/cloudbuild.yaml.
 Replace CLUSTER_NAME and ZONE with the cluster name and zone of a GKE cluster with Anthos Config Management and Policy Controller installed.
 No configuration change is necessary with an unstructured repo in this example. Anthos Config Management and Policy Controller validate your repo without connecting to your cluster.
 2. Add and commit your changes to the repo.
 cd ci-pipeline
 git add.
 git commit -m "[COMMIT_MESSAGE]"
 cd ci-pipeline-unstructured
 git add.
 git commit -m "[COMMIT_MESSAGE]"
 After the commit, Cloud Build runs a policy validation on the repo.
 3. Open your Cloud Build history and click the most recent Build.
 The Build Details page appears.
 4. The sample in the anthos-config-management-samples repo contains an error.
 Select the most recent build from the top of the list, that includes the icon.
 5. The last step that Cloud Build runs terminates with an error. The error follows.
 Error: Found 1 violations:
 [1] All namespaces must have a cost-center label that points to your division
 name: "shipping-prod"
 path: namespace_shipping-prod.yaml
 Step #2: Error: Found 1 violations:
 [1] The following banned keys are being used in the config map: {"private_key"}
 name: "super-secret"
 path: configmap.yaml
 6. Next, fix the error by editing a file in your repo.
 Edit the file /ci-pipeline/config-root/namespaces/online/shipping-app-backend/shipping-prod/namespace.yaml and set a value for metadata.labels.cost-center. Your namespace.yaml should look like the following:
 apiVersion: v1
 kind: Namespace
 name: shipping-prod
 env: prod
 cost-center: ""
 audit: "true"
 Edit the file /ci-pipeline-unstructured/config-root/configmap.yaml. Change the field named data.private_key to data.public_key. Your edited YAML looks like the following.
 apiVersion: v1
 kind: ConfigMap
 name: super-secret
 namespace: default
 public_key: no secrets here
 Next, commit and push your changes.
 git add.
 git commit -m "[COMMIT_MESSAGE]"
 git push origin [BRANCH]
 7. Open your Cloud Build history and click the most recent Build.
 The Build Details page appears.
 8. Your new build should be Successful.
Problem: My Cloud Build build fails and the history includes the following error.
 [1] KNV1021: No CustomResourceDefinition is defined for the type "" in the cluster.
 Resource types that are not native Kubernetes objects must have a CustomResourceDefinition.
Solution: Confirm your installation of Policy Controller.
What's next


text:
घृणा करना, नफ़रत
Meaning and definitions of abhor, translation in Hindi
language for abhor with similar and opposite words. Also find spoken pronunciation of abhor in Hindi and in English language.
What abhor means in Hindi, abhor meaning
in Hindi, abhor
definition, examples and pronunciation
of abhor in Hindi language.


The Meanings of the Ostrich Totem
... Anup Shah/Digital Vision/Getty Images
Animal totems are a New Age practice based on the Native American belief in "animal medicine." In animal medicine, the particular characteristics of an animal are believed to impart lessons to those who wish to learn from them; ants may signify determination while a owl can signify wisdom. While ostriches are not part of Native American traditions, they can easily be incorporated into the logic of the belief system and used as an animal totem. In fact, ostriches do have a sacred significance in several cultures of Africa, where they are found in the wild.
1 The Feather of Truth
The ostrich feather was a sacred object in ancient Egypt, as the symbol for the goddess Ma'at. As the representation of divine truth, which included justice and cosmic order, Ma'at helped decide the fate of souls after death. The dead person's heart was weighed on a scale against her ostrich feather, the feather of truth, and if the heart outweighed the feather -- meaning that the human's life had not measured up -- the soul would be destroyed. Those who passed the test, by having a heart that weighed less or equal to the feather, got to pass on to heaven. The ostrich feather thus is seen as a powerful symbol of truth and purity, and taking on the ostrich as an animal totem can be a way to focus one's energies on living a just life.
2 The Egg of Fertility
In Djenne, the oldest city in sub-Saharan Africa, there is also evidence that the ostrich was considered a sacred animal. Spires of its great mosque, one of the most elaborate mud structures in the world, are capped by ostrich eggs. The ostrich egg, the largest on land, symbolizes fertility. These sacred objects oversee a huge festival every springtime, the "crepissage." Mixing work, play and ritual, this annual event involves hundreds of young men and women slinging tons of mud while restoring the mosque to the accompaniment of live music. For those who choose the ostrich as a totem animal, its huge egg can be used as a symbol of fertility and regeneration, similarly to the origin of the Easter egg hunt of European springtime tradition.
3 The Circle of Life
For the indigenous people of Africa, the ostrich was an important source of food, so the animal had a sacred connotation. The bushmen, for example, saw in the life cycle of the giant bird and its egg a metaphor for the cycle of birth and death, or birth and resurrection. According to folklore, when the bushmen killed and ate an ostrich they would take some of its feathers and place them in the bushes, believing that a new ostrich would be born from the feathers themselves. This offering was believed to insure the continuation of life on Earth. For those who take on the ostrich totem, the animal can serve as a metaphor for the interconnectedness of life and that death and birth are interdependent.
4 Wealth and Abundance
Ostrich eggs, along with other precious objects such as peacock feathers, were traded among cultures of the Mediterranean, including between the Christian and Muslim empires in the middle ages. The sacred associations from times earlier, including death/resurrection and divine purity, were still intact, but these objects also became symbols of the abundance of nature, as the large size of ostriches and their eggs are a testament to nature's bounty. For those who claim the ostrich as a totem, this aspect of the animal -- its size and large eggs -- can serve as a reminder of the natural wealth of our world.


text:
Proposal of Optimum Fishway System Based on Field Investigations
Proceedings of the International Symposium on Fishways '90
The purpose of this paper is to see what an optimum fishway system is, mainly, with water utilization facilities. To liquidate the dilemma between development and preservation, it is necessary to proceed with the design and construction of fishways, on one hand, and to seek, on the other hand, to secure fishery resources preserve the species by determining how far and how fast river development should go. This is only possible by developing optimum fishway systems according to field demonstrative studies. This paper describes the modelling of maintainable optimum fishway systems, mainly from the technical approach, and shows their predictability.
This document is currently not available here.


Expressive Activity on Campus
What is Texas Senate Bill 18?
The 86th Texas Legislature (2019) passed Senate Bill 18, codified in Education Code § 51.9315, Protected
Expression on Campus.
The law defines terms; discusses the importance of freedom of speech and expression on campus; and
provides that reasonable time, place, and manner restrictions are still authorized, including but not limited
to, a faculty member's ability to maintain safety and order in a classroom.
Read Texas Senate Bill 18
What Does This Law Require?
The law requires each institution of higher education to adopt a policy detailing student's rights
and responsibilities regarding expressive activities at the college. The policy MUST ALLOW:
 1. "Any person" to engage in expressive activity on campus.
 2. Student organizations and faculty to invite speakers.
 3. A method for filing complaints about non-compliance with the law and disciplinary procedures for individuals (students and employees) violating this law.
 4. The Board of Trustees to approve the new policy before it takes effect.
How Does Senate Bill 18 Benefit Students?
 1. Colleges may not take action against student organizations based on their viewpoints and the expressive activities for which they engage.
 2. Colleges can only consider four factors when determining whether to permit a speaker on campus and the appropriate security fee-venue and size of the crowd, need for security, necessary accommodations, and history of rule compliance by the group or individual inviting the speaker—but not the anticipated controversy related to the appearance.
Expressive Activity on Campus
Read Blinn College's Administrative Regulation regarding Expressive Activities on Campus by Students and Employees.
Read Blinn College's Board Policies regarding Expressive Activities on Campus by Students and Employees:


what does pheasant taste like
Many people like the idea of eating pheasant because it is seen as a somewhat exotic dish. If you have never eaten it before, are you curious about it? Do you ever think to yourself, what does pheasant taste like?
Pheasant is a type of poultry and is fairly similar in texture and taste to chicken, or turkey. Just like chicken and turkey, it has a combination of both white and dark meat. Pheasant has very little natural fat, so when you cook it, you have to be careful not to let it become too dry, otherwise, it will be bland, tasteless, and tough. But, with the right recipe, if cooked with care, the pheasant can taste absolutely delicious and leave you salivating for more.
Pheasant is best cooked on the bone, with butter and seasonings slipped under the skin, in order to give you a soft, moist and tender dish. Later on in this article, we will look at one or two recipes and methods of cooking pheasant in order to guide you with preparing it in the most delectable way.
If you called up a gourmet foodie and asked, "What does pheasant taste like?" The reply will be that while pheasant may taste similar to chicken, its true flavor is more like game meat, with a smokey flavor. Wild pheasant has a fairly strong, aromatic flavor. It has quite a distinctive taste.
If you have ever cooked turkey, you will know that it takes a long time to cook to perfection. I remember my Mom cooking turkey every year for the holidays. The aroma that wafted through the house as the turkey took its time slow-roasting in the oven made us all walk around with our tongues hanging out, nagging for just a quick taste. But my Mom was adamant, saying "Good food takes time to prepare. When it's ready, the wait will be worth it."
She was so right about that. And when wondering what pheasant tastes like, the same rule of thumb applies to cooking it. Slow roasting on medium heat, with just the right seasonings and sauces, will give you the ultimate melt-in-your-mouth taste of perfectly cooked pheasant.
Read Related Reading: What Does Foie Gras Taste Like?
Is Pheasant Healthy to Eat?
Pheasant is considered by nutritionists to be an extremely healthy source of protein. With our frenetic lifestyles today, many people often tend to choose the easy way out, eating a lot of fast foods, processed meats, rich dairy products, and foods high in trans-fats.
It is no secret that making a habit of eating these foods and following this type of diet is a sure way to cause damage to your arteries. There is more and more emphasis today on the importance of following a healthy diet, and the benefits of living a healthy lifestyle.
If you are wondering what pheasant tastes like, you might also like to know that making it a regular part of your diet has many health benefits. It is very lean, making it low in saturated fats. Unlike certain red meats, pheasant will not clog your arteries with fatty deposits. If you suffer from high cholesterol, you can safely allow pheasant to appear regularly on your table.
What Do Pheasants Eat?
what does pheasant taste like
When trying to answer the question, what does pheasant taste like, it is helpful to look at what pheasants themselves eat? I remember an old favorite television advert, from my childhood, for a certain brand of frozen chicken. The slogan was a simple, but highly memorable one. The reason that they taste so good, is because they eat so well. The same principle would apply to pheasants.
In the wild, pheasants eat fruit, seeds, insects, and even small mammals. Farm-reared pheasants are usually fed a healthy diet of mixed grains, corn, and seeds. They are not fed a fatty diet and are not given any meat to eat. The result is that pheasant is a healthy source of lean protein.
In addition to its protein value, pheasant meat is also rich in vitamins B-6 and B-12. It contains essential minerals such as selenium and potassium and is low in sodium. All-in-all, pheasant is not only an exotic and alluring dish. It is also a healthy and nutritious choice.
Can You Eat Pheasant Eggs?
Pheasant eggs are full of healthy nutrients. They are very rich in protein and amino acids and contain high levels of vitamins B and D. There are many delicious ways to cook these eggs, either on their own or as valuable ingredients in other dishes.
What is the Best Way to Cook Pheasant?
Before actually cooking your pheasant, it is necessary to clean it very well. If you buy from a reputable butcher, it should have already been hung for a few days to ensure that the meat is soft and tender.
Your butcher should also have made sure that your bird has been plucked clean and does not have any stray feathers. When you unwrap it before cooking, even if it looks clean, it is recommended to wash it well by rinsing thoroughly under cold running water. Remember to rinse the inside cavity well, too. You will also want to dry it carefully, in order to prevent the juices from being too watery when you cook it.
Should You Cook Pheasant in the Oven, or on the Stove Top?
You will achieve the best results from slow-roasting your pheasant in the oven at a medium temperature of about 330-350 degrees Fahrenheit. Any hotter than that and your bird will dry out. If you attempt to cook pheasant on the stovetop, the heat of the flame will be too intense and it will not cook evenly. The outside will be hard and dry, while the inside might be under-done.
How Should You Prepare the Pheasant?
what does pheasant taste like
My favorite recipe is so simple and straightforward, but oh so scrumptious! I honestly believe that a recipe does not have to be complicated and intricate, and long and involved, in order to be good. In fact, it is often the simplest and easiest recipes that yield the best results. An added bonus to this recipe is the fact that you literally only dirty two dishes in your kitchen.
 - 1 whole pheasant
 - 3 cups of water
 - 3 tablespoons coarse salt
 - 1 tablespoon sugar
 - 2 bay leaves
 - 2 tablespoons good quality olive oil or softened butter
 - A little maple syrup
 - A sprinkle of freshly ground black pepper
 - Fresh thyme
 - Cut up carrot sticks
 - 1 whole onion, peeled
First, soak the bird in brine. Make the brine by boiling the water, salt, bay leaves, and sugar. Cover and leave to cool completely. When cool, pour the brine over the bird and place it in the fridge for about 8 hours, or overnight.
Hint: if you like nice, crispy skin, remove the bird from the brine and leave it uncovered in the fridge for another 4-6 hours.
Take the pheasant out of the fridge and, while it reaches room temperature, preheat your oven to at least 400 degrees. Rub the bird well with olive oil or softened butter. Try to slip some under the skin as well. This will give you lovely golden, crispy skin. Sprinkle freshly ground black pepper and drizzle very lightly with maple syrup.
Stuff the cavity with the onion, carrot sticks and fresh thyme. Place in a roasting pan and roast uncovered in the oven on high for only fifteen minutes. Take the dish out of the oven, and turn the temperature down to 330-350 degrees. You can leave the oven door slightly ajar to speed up the cooling process. Put the bird back in the oven and roast slowly, also uncovered, for another 30-45 minutes, or until the juices run clear. Take it out of the oven and let it stand for about 10 minutes before carving and serving.
What Does Pheasant Taste Like When Cooked in a Slow Cooker?
The beauty of the recipe given above is that it is easily adapted to slow-cooking. However, you will need more liquid. Follow all the instructions as above, but before placing in the slow-cooker, brown your bird lightly in a pan with a little hot oil, to give it an appetizing color. Put the pheasant into the slow cooker. You can also add some vegetables, like potatoes and pumpkin or baby marrows. Now you will need some liquid to ensure that it doesn't dry out. Take 3-4 cups of good quality chicken stock. Add a generous splash of sherry. Cover the cooker and allow it to cook on low for about 8-10 hours.
How Do You Carve A Pheasant?
Carving a pheasant is much the same as carving a chicken. The trick is to use a very sharp knife. Place your fork in the centre of the breast and slice downwards in a short quick motion. The meat should come away from the bone. If the breast pieces are very large you can slice them up into smaller pieces. Now cut off the wings, and separate the legs and thighs. Serve with a selection of vegetables to suit your taste.
You are now ready to pour yourself a glass of your favorite wine, and tuck in and enjoy a mouthwatering, healthy meal!
Read Other Related Reading: What does Cauliflower Taste Like


text:
Thermal acclimation of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) taken from 20°C to 7°C resulted in adaptation of mitochondrial function, as evidenced by increases in the specific activities of NADH‐ and succinate‐cytochrome c reductase of 1.93‐ and 2.7‐fold respectively. Mitochondria from both gill and liver obeyed the Boyle‐van't Hoff relationship in the range from 400 to 60 mosM. Thermal acclimation had no effect on the osmotic properties of liver mitochondria, whereas gill mitochondria from cold‐acclimated trout were more sensitive to osmotic swelling than mitochondria from warm‐acclimated individuals. The non‐electrolyte permeability of liver mitochondria was assessed by optically monitoring mitochondrial swelling rates in isosmotic solutions of urea, glycerol, mannitol and glucose. Two parameters of mitochondrial swelling were determined: (a) initial swelling rates, d(1/A)dt, and (b) swelling constants, ks, derived from the time required to swell a fixed volume. Regardless of the assay temperature or the permeant employed, liver mitochondria from cold‐acclimated trout exhibited greater initial swelling rates than mitochondria from warm‐acclimated trout, indicating properties of temperature‐compensated permeability. The apparent ranking of nonelectrolyte permeabilities was urea > glycerol > mannitol > glucose. ks values for urea and glycerol from cold‐acclimated trout were greater than values typical of warm‐acclimated populations; however ks values for glucose and mannitol were not influenced by thermal acclimation. Regardless of the permeant considered, activation energies for ks values were 3‐ to 5‐fold greater than those for initial swelling rates. The time course of mitochondrial swelling consists of two components, an initial rapid swelling phase characterized by a half life of 3–12 seconds, and a slower swelling phase characterized by a half life of 1–6 minutes. Initial swelling rates, which approximate the rapid swelling component, are considered to be the least ambiguous index of permeability, whereas ks values are more complex and strongly influenced by the slower swelling component.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Animal Science and Zoology


text:
List of aviation terms
Wikimedia glossary list article
(Redirected from Landing)
The following is a list of terms commonly used in Aviation.
- Air cargo - Cargo that is moved using airplanes. Many companies that move cargo, such as FedEx and the US Postal Service, have their own airplanes for moving air cargo. Most large airports have entire sections of the airport and warehouses for dealing with air cargo.
- Airport - a location where aircraft such as fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters, and blimps take off and land.
- Arrival area (Arrivals) - The area of the terminal used for airplanes coming to the airport.
- Baggage - luggage and other items brought on the airplane by passengers. One piece of small baggage can often be brought on the airplane by the passenger. Large baggage (or if the is many small pieces) are kept in a special part of the airplane.
- Baggage area - The area of the airport terminal used for dealing with Baggage. These often have one or more large moving belt(s). The passengers wait at the belt for their baggage to move to them.
- Concessions - Businesses often inside the airport terminal. These usually sell food, beverages or retail goods such as book, magazines or souvenirs to passengers.
- Concourse - An open space for people to move around in an airport terminal.
- Departure area (Departures) - The area of the terminal for airplanes leaving the airport.
- Destination - The place an aircraft is going to. An aircraft may have more than one destination. This is because it takes people to many places along its travel. For example, an aircraft leaving Atlanta, may stop at Memphis, Dallas, and Boulder before finally stopping in San Diego. San Diego is its final destination on this travel, but the other cities are also destinations.
- Flight - The noun form of Fly. This is the term for what a person takes when they fly. She took a flight to Atlanta. It can also be used in the name of the trip - She took Flight 213 to Atlanta. If an airport had 500 flights that day, it means airplanes came to and left the airport 500 times that day.
- Domestic flight - A flight that starts and ends in the same country. This is usually between two cities in the same country. For example, from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Los Angeles, California.
- International flight - A flight that starts in one county and ends in an other country. For example, from Moscow, Russia to Sydney, Australia.
- Gates - The areas on the concourse where passengers get on to the airplane
- Hangar - a large building which can store airplanes.
- Hub - The central location an airline uses for its operations. Most airlines keep their headquarters and maintenance facilities as at a single airport. Most flights from that airline go through this airport.
- Landing - The act of an airplane returning to the ground.
- Runway - The part of the airport where planes take off or land.
- Take-off - The act of an airplane leaving the ground.
- Terminal - The main building of an airport used by passengers and cargo.
- Tower - The tower in an airport is a building used for air traffic control.
- Aircraft - vehicle used for flying.
- Attack aircraft - A type of military aircraft used mainly to attack targets on the ground.
- Biplane - an aircraft with two sets of wings mounted one above the other.
- Fighter aircraft - A type of military airplane used mainly to fight with other airplanes.
- Fixed-wing aircraft - The type of aircraft commonly thought of by most people. It has wings that do not move. The wings on some fixed wing aircraft can move a small distance but are generally fixed in one position. For example, the wings on an F-14 can be rotated from a forward position (for better control at slow speed and for take off and landing) to a rear position (for better control at high speed). Most airplanes are fixed wing.
- Jet aircraft - Aircraft that use jet engines to make them move.
- Propeller powered aircraft - Aircraft that use propellers to make them move.
- Rotary wing aircraft - Aircraft such as Helicopters.
- Training aircraft - A type of military aircraft used mainly to train pilots.
- Triplane - An aircraft with three sets of wings. German World War I pilot Manfred von Richthofen (The Red Baron) is well known for flying a triplane.
- Water bomber - A type of aircraft used to fight the fire.


The Beginnings of the Political Agrarian Movement in Slovenia
A Contribution to the Pre-History of the Establishment of the Independent Agricultural Party
 - Nina Steinbacher Univerza v Mariboru, Filozofska fakulteta
Keywords: Political agrarian movement, Independent Agricultural Party, Slovenian People's Party, Inner Carniola, Goriška region
The article deals with the beginnings of the modern political agrarian movement in Slovenia. Based on the newspaper reports and other relevant sources, the pre-history of the establishment of the Independent Agricultural Party in the newly-formed Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes is presented. A special emphasis is placed on the developments in Inner Carniola and the Goriška region, where, on the eve of World War I in what was then the Habsburg Monarchy, the first Slovenian agrarian political formations were established.


text:
What is railway monitoring?
Railway infrastructures and systems play a significant role in highly efficient transportation, which is needed to meet the increasing demand in transporting both cargo and passengers. These structures are extremely susceptible to degradation and failure, due to extreme environmental situations under severe loading and working conditions, caused by the traffic growth, heavier axles and vehicles and increase in speed. Innovative sensing technologies based on fiber optic sensors have been utilized for structural health monitoring (SHM), the real time measurement and long-term assessment of structural properties.
A fiber optic structural health monitoring system allows for early-stage damage detection and characterization, which leads to timely remediation and prevention of disastrous failure. The use of fiber optic sensors for structural health monitoring is in great demand due to their inherent distinctive advantages, such as small size, light weight, immunity to electromagnetic systems. Furthermore, the geometry and versatility of these sensors allow them to be integrated into these structures for real time monitoring for sensing critical components of both railways and trains over long distances (up to 20 km).
A fiber optic monitoring system can be used for operation monitoring (train speed and components) and structural health monitoring (rails, sleepers, ballast, bridges, tunnels, rail security etc.) of railway structures. Such a system is being widely used due to its ability to measure physical quantities (such as strains, temperature, displacements, cracks etc.) continuously distributed over the full length of the fiber.
Railway monitoring for.......
I'm a paragraph. Double click here or click Edit Text to add some text of your own or to change the font. This is the place for you to tell your site visitors a little bit about you and your services.


text:
- Cellario Connect
- LIMS Integration
- Device Drivers
Exceptionally Dynamic Scheduling Software
A protocol is an abstract automated experiment. Use a protocol to build an order, a single instance of that process with associated labware quantities, types, and storage positions. Cellario's distinction between process (protocol) and day-to-day practice (orders) gives you more freedom to experiment.
Cellario ensures you'll never put plates in the wrong incubator or send two plates to the same storage position. Cellario's Order Designer unambiguously displays all of your storage utilization at the start of each run so you can manage your carousels, incubators, freezers, and stackers visually. You can create an order, start it, and walk away knowing your samples will be stored properly and taken care of.Define labware type, quantity, and storage locations for each run of a protocol
With a few clicks of your mouse, you can tell your system where to find hundreds of plates and tipboxes and where to put them after the experiment is over. Because a protocol doesn't rigidly define labware quantities and locations, you can use different plates and storage resources every time you run it.


Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Physics Division
Physics Division Seminars
Alfredo Galindo-Uribarri
Thu., January 11, 2007, at 3:00 p.m. (refreshments at 2:30 p.m.)
Halo Nuclei in Laser Light: The nuclear charge radius of 11Li
Wilfried Noertershaeuser, GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
Building 6008 Conference Room
Laser spectroscopic measurements of the isotope shift in an atomic transition are well known to provide accurate data on nuclear charge radii. For short-lived isotopes it is particularly useful, since it is the only method that provides nuclear-model independent charge radii. However, for the very light elements the contributions of the nuclear volume effect to the total isotope shifts is on the order of 1E-4 to 1E-5. By combining accurate theoretical calculations of the mass-dependent part of the isotope shift and precision measurements we succeeded in measuring the nuclear charge radii of all lithium isotopes, including the exotic halo nucleus 11Li. I will report on these measurements and conclusions about the nuclear structure of 11Li.


text: This site is a preview of some of the Digital Scholarship Lab's initial experiments using statistical analysis and visualization to uncover meaning in large bodies of documents, in this case newspapers from the Valley of the Shadow Project. The Valley of the Shadow is an archive of documents from two counties in the Shenandoah Valley, one northern (Franklin County, Pennsylvania), the other southern (Augusta County, Virginia) during the Civil War era. The visualizations you can generate with the form below allow you to examine these documents from a variety of perspectives. Some are telescopic, revealing meaningful patterns among thousands of texts. Others are microscopic, letting you delve in into a handful of documents that share some characteristic. All of them aim to be illuminating, allowing you to compare and contrast writings penned by northerners and southerners, by Republicans and Democrats to explore both the political, social, and cultural fault lines that separated Americans from one another as well as the common ground they shared together.


Data Blocks «Prev
Database Module summary
This module discussed how to store data in data blocks for best access by setting the right number of freelists, and proper values for PCTFREE and PCTUSED. The main points of this module include:
 1. Oracle databases generally perform faster with large blocksizes, especially index accesses.
 2. Large blocks mean that more RAM storage must be available in the db_block_buffers.
 3. Space is reserved on blocks by using the PCTFREE table parameter.
 4. Only one table or index type may inhabit a data block.
 5. The first data block of a table or index is called the segment header.
 6. The segment header contains control information about free blocks, extents, and high water marks.
 7. The high water mark for a table gives the highest blocks that have been used to store rows.
 8. The high water mark can only be lowered by a table reorganization.
 9. Full-table scans will always read up to the high water mark, even if the space is completely empty.
 10. The PCTUSED parameter should be set to a low value for high performance.
 11. The PCTFREE parameter should be set so that chained rows occur infrequently.
 12. An index may warrant rebuilding if it has spawned to more than 4 levels, if the block gets per access is greater than 5, of where there are many deleted leaf rows.
Test with Large Volumes of Data
As described earlier in this module, objects within the database function differently after they have been used for some time. For example, a table's pctfree and pctused settings may make it likely that blocks will be only half-used or rows will be chained. Each of these scenarios causes performance problems that will only be seen after the application has been used for some time.


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I have a custom overlay grid whose labels are driven by an ugly attribute field which contains unnecessary leading zeroes and other labeling no-nos. How can I introduce a labeling expression to this grid? Thank you!
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is your overlay grid in a raster or vector format? – artwork21 May 12 '11 at 17:22
_USER_: the overlay grid is driven by a feature class comprised of vector polygon geometry. – MLF May 12 '11 at 17:41
Can't you create another column and clean up the values with vb script in the calculator? – Jakub May 12 '11 at 17:55
Not to be snarky, but have you read the manual? – Kirk Kuykendall May 12 '11 at 20:42
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3 Answers
up vote 0 down vote accepted
Per Esri, it is not possible at this time to incorporate a label expression with a custom overlay grid; Label expressions are not supported with grid labels.
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You can use many expressions in the label expression dialog.
You might try using regex to get at some of the hard to reach problems.
Here is one of my old questions that can show how it can be used.
If it is just trailing or leading zeros you can use...
Right ([mycolumn],4)
that will drop everything in the front leaving only 4 characters from the right side.
Function FindLabel( [NAME] )
 Dim fldValue, aWords, i, word, aNewWords, NewWord, numElements, k
 fldValue = [NAME]
 'k = 0 'One word first line and two words all other lines
 k = 1 'Two words first line and all other lines
 if not IsNull(fldValue) then
 aWords = split(fldValue, " ")
 numElements = UBound(aWords)
 'Create new array to store new field value and redimmension to store
 'the correct number of elements to match original number of elements
 aNewWords = Array()
 Redim aNewWords(numElements)
 for i = LBound(aWords) to UBound(aWords)
 if i Mod 2 = k then
 word = aWords(i) & vbCr
 word = aWords(i)
 end if
 aNewWords(i) = word
 NewWord = Join(aNewWords, " ")
 NewWord = fldValue
 end if
 FindLabel = NewWord
End Function
This is an example of a label expression from streetmap.
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Label expressions for a feature layer may be set by going to the the layers Properties>Labels tab, and click on the Expression button. However, Jakub has a good point that you should clean up your data first via field calculator. Here is the ArcGIS 10 link for feature expressions.
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We are a large organization, and use SDE with strict permissions. I am not able to add a field unless I divorce the data from the SDE, and at that point, the end user would not benefit from modifications to the data (and indeed, we are about to update it), so that won't help here. – MLF May 12 '11 at 20:08
I'm not trying to modify labels on a feature layer. The custom overlay grid is a different beast all its own and does not have the same labeling options as the feature class itself. I want to inject some label class scripting into the actual grid. – MLF May 12 '11 at 20:11
What do you mean by "a different beast"? Isn't this a polygon feature class with attributes? it would be best to actually clean up the source data with vbscript or python, whichever you prefer. You can of course do it with label expressions but it has certain disadvantages such as slower drawing times... Kirk has provided a link to the manual. – Jakub May 13 '11 at 12:52
@ Jakub: This is a custom overlay grid. The only options to label a custom overlay grid are to label it according to one field inside the feature class, and there is no option to use a label expression. – MLF May 17 '11 at 16:31
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text:
- Do pandas kill their babies?
- Why can pandas only eat bamboo?
- Are baby pandas dangerous?
- Do pandas kill humans?
- Why do pandas die?
- What do pandas eat and drink?
- What do baby pandas eat in the wild?
- Why do baby pandas die so easily?
- What do pandas do all day?
- Do pandas eat carrots?
- Do baby pandas eat poop?
- How long do pandas live for?
- How fast do baby pandas grow?
- What happens if you kill a panda?
- Why are baby pandas taken from their mothers?
- How many pandas are left in the world 2020?
- What do baby pandas drink?
- What eats a panda?
- Can pandas be pets?
- Has a panda ever killed anyone?
- Do people eat pandas?
Do pandas kill their babies?
Panda mothers can accidentally crush their babies.
The tiny pandas are especially vulnerable in the face of the mother's 200-pound (90-kilogram) frame.
In 2006, a giant panda in China accidentally killed her newborn as it nursed..
Why can pandas only eat bamboo?
Scientists think the iconic black and white bears switched to eating bamboo in part because it's extremely abundant and they don't have to fight with other animals to get it. Bamboo is high in fiber but has a low concentration of nutrients, so pandas have to eat 20 to 40 pounds of the stuff every day just to get by.
Are baby pandas dangerous?
Even in captivity, where pandas are used to being cooed over by humans, they can be dangerous. … The panda needs this impressive bite if it is to crack its way into the tough sheath of a bamboo stem.
Do pandas kill humans?
No matter how many adorable videos you've seen of pandas, don't approach a giant panda in the wild. They have strong grips and can deliver powerful bites that are strong enough to harm a human leg.
Why do pandas die?
Giant pandas first became endangered in 1990 due to excessive poaching in the 80s and deforestation, depleting their bamboo food source. … A fickle species, bamboo can grow extensively in mountainous or barren lands, but then dies in the winter.
What do pandas eat and drink?
A panda's daily diet consists almost entirely of the leaves, stems and shoots of various bamboo species. Bamboo contains very little nutritional value so pandas must eat 12-38kg every day to meet their energy needs. But they do branch out, with about 1% of their diet comprising other plants and even meat.
What do baby pandas eat in the wild?
BambooAfter 6 Months – Beginning to Eat Bamboo They begin to eat bamboo. It's about spring time and their growing process gets faster after 6 months. Male pandas generally develop faster than female pandas.
Why do baby pandas die so easily?
Giant Pandas Are Very Bad at Keeping Babies Alive At birth, newborns are only about the size of a stick of butter – approximately four inches long and four ounces heavy. Their small size and developmental immaturity combine for a panda infant mortality rate during the first year of 40%.
What do pandas do all day?
Giant pandas spend their lives eating bamboo and walking around the forest floor. They are good climbers and can also swim. They don't build dens (except to put cubs in) or hibernate.
Do pandas eat carrots?
In zoos, giant pandas eat bamboo, sugar cane, rice gruel, a special high-fiber biscuit, carrots, apples, and sweet potatoes. … To make up for the inefficient digestion, a panda needs to consume a comparatively large amount of food—from 20 to 40 pounds of bamboo each day—to get all its nutrients.
Do baby pandas eat poop?
Sometimes they eat and poop at the same time. 11. Pandas don't have the energy to walk around constantly because of the low nutrition of bamboo. … Baby pandas are the size of a Chihuahua puppy.
How long do pandas live for?
20 yearsIn the wildGiant panda/Lifespan
How fast do baby pandas grow?
Panda cubs grow quickly. They stay with their mother for one and a half to two years. When cubs leave their mother depends on if she conceives. They are fully grown in four years (up to 150 kg or 330 lb).
What happens if you kill a panda?
Under Chinese law, killing protected animals such as pandas can result in a jail sentence of up to 10 year. The Chinese government warned in 1987 that killing pandas could even result in the death penalty.
Why are baby pandas taken from their mothers?
The newborns are so small that they can't move or hold themselves up; a mother must constantly clutch her cub to her chest in order to allow it to feed. It's difficult to care so intensively for one helpless infant, let alone two.
How many pandas are left in the world 2020?
It is an achievement to celebrate. But pandas remain scattered and vulnerable, and much of their habitat is threatened by poorly-planned infrastructure projects. And remember: there are still only 1,864 left in the wild.
What do baby pandas drink?
>> A mother panda has four nipples for babies to drink nutrient-rich milk. Panda breast milk also contains various substances that help newborns resist disease.
What eats a panda?
Giant pandas face very few predators A fully grown panda is far too formidable a foe for most predators, but some animals can prey on cubs. Potential predators include jackals, snow leopards and yellow-throated martens, all of which are capable of killing and eating panda cubs.
Can pandas be pets?
There isn't anywhere you can keep a Panda as a pet. Or get your hands on one for that matter. As mentioned above, all the Pandas are owned by the Chinese Government and they are not permitting anyone to buy or sell Pandas. Anywhere.
Has a panda ever killed anyone?
Giant panda attacks on human are rare. There, we present three cases of giant panda attacks on humans at the Panda House at Beijing Zoo from September 2006 to June 2009 to warn people of the giant panda's potentially dangerous behavior.
Do people eat pandas?
Though humans apparently ate panda in prehistoric times, contemporary Chinese have little taste for the animal. There is an oft-cited saying that Chinese people will "eat anything with four legs except the table" — including braised camel hump, monkey brains, and shark's fin on the occasional (luxe) Chinese menu.


text:
Deploying Riva On-Premise requires planning and following specific step-by-step deployment checklists to ensure that the Riva sync environment is properly configured to meet sync requirements for users.
Review the following articles to learn more about how Riva On-Premise will sync data between the email platform and the CRM system.
How does Riva sync your CRM and
Each of those articles contain videos, summary explanations, and a list of typical questions to assist evaluations teams with deciding how to configure Riva sync policy settings.
There are two choices to getting started with a Riva On-Premise server:
A typical Riva On-Premise server deployment includes the following steps:
Preparation tasks are included as the first major step in the Riva On-Premise deployment model, and links for each major task are available in each deployment checklist.
For each supported email system, there is one deployment checklist that applies to all the supported CRMs. Each checklist includes all of the major steps and tasks in the Riva deployment model. Select the deployment checklist that matches your email platform:


text:
Looking for some party food for toddlers? These delicious strawberry mice are a great healthy choice and cute to boot!
- 1 punnet strawberries
- black writing icing
- 1/4 cup mini chocolate chips
- 1/4 cup almond flakes
- 2 straps raspberry licorice
- 100g Swiss cheese
- 1. Remove the green stems from each strawberry. Slice a small slice from one side of each strawberry so it will sit flat on the plate.
- 2. Use the black writing icing to stick a choc chip on the pointy end as a nose.
- 3. Use the writing icing to create eyes. Poke 2 slots with a sharp knife and slide in 2 almond flakes as ears per mouse.
- 4. Use a skewer to poke a hole into the berry and slide in the licorice as a tail. Cut the cheese into wedges and serve with the strawberry mice.
- Toddlers will love these cute strawberry mice and they're perfect for a Cinderella-themed party.
- You can use any cheese wedges you prefer for this dish. Just make it the type of cheese that your kids like.
- This recipe was created by Jennifer Cheung for Kidspot, Australia's best recipe finder.


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 constant <- function(x){1}
this is probably more than ridiculously simple, but any reason as to why this isn't working?
is there a different way I should be writing the function for constants?
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2 Answers
up vote 7 down vote accepted
You can use the Vectorize function to convert a non-vectorized function into the sort of function that integrate requires:
> constant <- function(x){1}
> Vconst <- Vectorize(constant)
> integrate(Vconst,lower=1,upper=10)
9 with absolute error < 1e-13
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From?integrate:
An R function taking a numeric first argument and returning a numeric vector of the same length. Returning a non-finite element will generate an error.
You need to return a vector the same length as x. Try:
constant <- function(x){rep(1,length(x))}
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points on curve secp256k1 form a group E(Fp) over field Fp.
p = 2^256 - 2^32 - 2^9 - 2^8 - 2^7 - 2^6 - 2^4 - 1 is prime.
n is the order of group E, n=115792089237316195423570985008687907852837564279074904382605163141518161494337
Is n prime too?
Is E(Fp) a cyclic group?
Theorem. Working over a finite field, the group of points E(Fp) is always either a cyclic group or the product of two cyclic groups.
 - n has to be a prime such that (Gx, Gy) * n = slope is infinity. Hopefully someone can answer the other part – Wizard Of Ozzie Jun 21 '15 at 0:34
The comment stating n "has to be prime" is a bit confusing.
The order of base point "has" to be prime in the sense that this is a requirement in the particular documents defining standard curves—for example, in SECG, which includes secp256k1. Bitcoin's base point order r is prime.
In SECG, it is also stated that cofactor of secp256k1 curve is 1, which makes n = r × 1, again prime. A group of prime order is obviously cyclic.
 - Thank you for your answer! So E(K) is a cyclic group, r = n is prime and then each element of E(K)* has order n --> each element could have been the base point. Is there a reason SEC chose G = 02 79BE667E F9DCBBAC 55A06295 CE870B07 029BFCDB 2DCE28D9 59F2815B 16F81798 as base point? – arulbero Jun 21 '15 at 6:37
 - _USER_ re SEC defined G: great question. Anyone know why? Why not start at x=0? – Wizard Of Ozzie Jun 21 '15 at 14:17
 - _USER_ Of Ozzie The point "O" is the only one that cannot be chosen, because order of O is 1. To generate safely a public key starting from G, G's order must be a prime number, as large as possible; in our case each element except O has the same order, n. – arulbero Jun 21 '15 at 17:42
 - 1
 _USER_@arulbero It's likely the base points in SECG were chosen randomly. It's also likely that this had led to some controversy since then. References are not very easy to locate, sorry. – akater Jun 22 '15 at 18:22
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You are viewing documentation for Kubernetes version: v1.18
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Pod Overhead
FEATURE STATE: Kubernetes v1.18 [beta]
When you run a Pod on a Node, the Pod itself takes an amount of system resources. These resources are additional to the resources needed to run the container(s) inside the Pod. Pod Overhead is a feature for accounting for the resources consumed by the Pod infrastructure on top of the container requests & limits.
In Kubernetes, the Pod's overhead is set at admission time according to the overhead associated with the Pod's RuntimeClass.
When Pod Overhead is enabled, the overhead is considered in addition to the sum of container resource requests when scheduling a Pod. Similarly, Kubelet will include the Pod overhead when sizing the Pod cgroup, and when carrying out Pod eviction ranking.
Enabling Pod Overhead
You need to make sure that the PodOverhead feature gate is enabled (it is on by default as of 1.18) across your cluster, and a RuntimeClass is utilized which defines the overhead field.
Usage example
To use the PodOverhead feature, you need a RuntimeClass that defines the overhead field. As an example, you could use the following RuntimeClass definition with a virtualizing container runtime that uses around 120MiB per Pod for the virtual machine and the guest OS:
kind: RuntimeClass
 name: kata-fc
handler: kata-fc
 memory: "120Mi"
 cpu: "250m"
Workloads which are created which specify the kata-fc RuntimeClass handler will take the memory and cpu overheads into account for resource quota calculations, node scheduling, as well as Pod cgroup sizing.
Consider running the given example workload, test-pod:
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
 name: test-pod
 runtimeClassName: kata-fc
 - name: busybox-ctr
 image: busybox
 stdin: true
 tty: true
 cpu: 500m
 memory: 100Mi
 - name: nginx-ctr
 image: nginx
 cpu: 1500m
 memory: 100Mi
At admission time the RuntimeClass admission controller updates the workload's PodSpec to include the overhead as described in the RuntimeClass. If the PodSpec already has this field defined, the Pod will be rejected. In the given example, since only the RuntimeClass name is specified, the admission controller mutates the Pod to include an overhead.
After the RuntimeClass admission controller, you can check the updated PodSpec:
kubectl get pod test-pod -o jsonpath='{.spec.overhead}'
The output is:
map[cpu:250m memory:120Mi]
If a ResourceQuota is defined, the sum of container requests as well as the overhead field are counted.
When the kube-scheduler is deciding which node should run a new Pod, the scheduler considers that Pod's overhead as well as the sum of container requests for that Pod. For this example, the scheduler adds the requests and the overhead, then looks for a node that has 2.25 CPU and 320 MiB of memory available.
Once a Pod is scheduled to a node, the kubelet on that node creates a new cgroupA group of Linux processes with optional resource isolation, accounting and limits. for the Pod. It is within this pod that the underlying container runtime will create containers.
If the resource has a limit defined for each container (Guaranteed QoS or Bustrable QoS with limits defined), the kubelet will set an upper limit for the pod cgroup associated with that resource (cpu.cfs_quota_us for CPU and memory.limit_in_bytes memory). This upper limit is based on the sum of the container limits plus the overhead defined in the PodSpec.
For CPU, if the Pod is Guaranteed or Burstable QoS, the kubelet will set cpu.shares based on the sum of container requests plus the overhead defined in the PodSpec.
Looking at our example, verify the container requests for the workload:
kubectl get pod test-pod -o jsonpath='{.spec.containers[*].resources.limits}'
The total container requests are 2000m CPU and 200MiB of memory:
map[cpu: 500m memory:100Mi] map[cpu:1500m memory:100Mi]
Check this against what is observed by the node:
kubectl describe node | grep test-pod -B2
The output shows 2250m CPU and 320MiB of memory are requested, which includes PodOverhead:
 Namespace Name CPU Requests CPU Limits Memory Requests Memory Limits AGE
 default test-pod 2250m (56%) 2250m (56%) 320Mi (1%) 320Mi (1%) 36m
Verify Pod cgroup limits
Check the Pod's memory cgroups on the node where the workload is running. In the following example, crictl is used on the node, which provides a CLI for CRI-compatible container runtimes. This is an advanced example to show PodOverhead behavior, and it is not expected that users should need to check cgroups directly on the node.
First, on the particular node, determine the Pod identifier:
# Run this on the node where the Pod is scheduled
POD_ID="$(sudo crictl pods --name test-pod -q)"
From this, you can determine the cgroup path for the Pod:
# Run this on the node where the Pod is scheduled
sudo crictl inspectp -o=json $POD_ID | grep cgroupsPath
The resulting cgroup path includes the Pod's pause container. The Pod level cgroup is one directory above.
 "cgroupsPath": "/kubepods/podd7f4b509-cf94-4951-9417-d1087c92a5b2/7ccf55aee35dd16aca4189c952d83487297f3cd760f1bbf09620e206e7d0c27a"
In this specific case, the pod cgroup path is kubepods/podd7f4b509-cf94-4951-9417-d1087c92a5b2. Verify the Pod level cgroup setting for memory:
# Run this on the node where the Pod is scheduled.
# Also, change the name of the cgroup to match the cgroup allocated for your pod.
 cat /sys/fs/cgroup/memory/kubepods/podd7f4b509-cf94-4951-9417-d1087c92a5b2/memory.limit_in_bytes
This is 320 MiB, as expected:
A kube_pod_overhead metric is available in kube-state-metrics to help identify when PodOverhead is being utilized and to help observe stability of workloads running with a defined Overhead. This functionality is not available in the 1.9 release of kube-state-metrics, but is expected in a following release. Users will need to build kube-state-metrics from source in the meantime.
What's next