Checker Taxi
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The very last Checker Taxicab built by the company, in green and cream with Checker's trademark checkerboard trim. It is a 1982 A11 and is currently on display at the Gilmore Car Museum in Kalamazoo.
Checker Taxi was an American taxi company. It used the Checker Marathon produced by the Checker Motors Corporation of Kalamazoo, Michigan. Both Checker Taxi and its parent company Checker Motors Corporation were owned by Morris Markin.[1]
The "Checker", particularly the 1958–82 Checker A series sedans remain the most famous taxi cab vehicles in the United States. The vehicle is comparable to the London Taxi in its nationally renowned styling, which went unchanged throughout its use, and also for its iconic status.
Motorized taxi cabs began to appear on the streets of major cities beginning in the early 1900s. Particularly in Chicago, where numerous railroads had terminals, there was considerable need for on-demand, point-to-point chauffeur-driven transportation. Hotels, department stores, and office buildings embraced the amenity, but often limited access to their facilities to a single cab company. Kickbacks were common, and the system favored larger operators, who had the financial resources to "play the game".
By 1920, there were two dominant taxi-cab companies operating in Chicago: Yellow Cab and Checker Taxi. Yellow Cab Company was founded in 1910 by John Hertz who subsequently established his own cab manufacturing business in 1917. Checker Taxi did not own its own cab manufacturing company, but principally used Mogul Cabs, manufactured by Commonwealth.
Morris Markin, a clothier from Chicago, Illinois, became the owner of 'Markin Automobile Body', an auto-body manufacturer based in Joliet, Illinois following a default by the owner on a $15,000 personal loan. The facility made bodies for Commonwealth Motors, which marketed the vehicles to cab companies under the trade name 'Mogul'.
Commonwealth Motors was on the verge of bankruptcy but had an order from Checker Taxi (a privately owned cab company in Chicago that had no affiliation with Markin at the time). Markin acquired Commonwealth Motors via a stock swap, and merged it with Markin Automobile Body, forming Checker Cab Manufacturing in order to honor the contractual commitment.
Checker cabs were manufactured in Joliet for two years, then production was shifted to Kalamazoo, Michigan. The sturdy Checker cabs gained the acceptance and loyal following of Checker Taxi operators in Chicago.
Markin began buying up Checker Taxi operators' licenses in 1924, gaining full control of the company in 1937. Markin followed Hertz's business plan in having drivers open doors for the fares, and outfitted each driver with a uniform. Checker became the first cab company to hire African-American drivers and the first to require that drivers pick up all fares, not just white ones.
Competition for fares in Chicago was fierce in the 1920s, and drivers began ganging up on one another between fares. The fighting between the two cab companies escalated to the point where Markin's home was firebombed, which prompted Markin to relocate Checker Cab Manufacturing to Michigan.
Hertz had sold the controlling interest in his Yellow Cab Company to the Parmalee Transportation Company, but in 1929, after a suspicious fire at his stables killed his prized race horses, Hertz sold his remaining shares of Yellow Cab to Markin, who subsequently acquired another one-third in the company from Parmalee, thus taking control of both Parmalee and Yellow Cab. In 1940, Parmalee (including Yellow and Checker Cab) became the largest cab company in the United States.
Prior to selling the Yellow Cab company, Hertz had sold his taxi-cab, truck, and coach manufacturing arm in 1925 to General Motors. GM wanted to sell part of the acquired business and made an offer to Markin, but Markin declined. Rather than eliminate the capacity of Yellow Manufacturing, General Motors entered the taxicab business in New York City as Terminal Taxi Cab. General Motors operated Yellow Coach as a subsidiary until 1943, at which time the company was merged with GMC Truck Division, and manufacturing shifted from Chicago to Pontiac, Michigan.
A second "taxi war" broke out, with Checker Taxi Co and Terminal Taxi Co operators fighting it out in New York City. To end the dispute, New York Mayor Jimmy Walker created the New York Taxi Cab Commission, which issued a limited number of cab operator permits, called "medallions", and mandated that cabs have seating for five passengers in the rear compartment, which favored Checker and a handful of other manufacturers that built automobiles which met this requirement. Over the next three decades, Markin was involved in the formation of "Checker Taxi" or "Checker Cab" companies in a number of major U.S. cities.
At one point, Markin sold Checker Cab Manufacturing to E.L. Cord, but bought it back again in 1936. Markin and Cord were friends, and after Cord bought up interest in Checker, he retained Markin as company head. Meanwhile, the large, heavy Checker Model T, introduced in 1932, featured an 8-cylinder Lycoming engine, the same one that powered the classic Cords at the time. Checker had used Lycoming 6-cylinder engines since introduction of the Checker Model G in 1927. Prior to that, most Checkers had been powered by 4-cylinder Buda engines.
The 1935 Checker Model Y featured attractive front end styling that could have been influenced by the Cord 810/812. The Y model continued in production until 1938. For 1939, Checker introduced a brand new model, the Model A. From that time forward, all future Checkers would carry the "A" designation, usually with a number.
The 1939 Model A featured a retractable roof section at the very back of the greenhouse, distinctive stylized headlight lenses, and unusual open-sided front fenders. The rear roof section could be opened if passengers desired an open-air ride. The open-sided fenders in front detracted from the car's styling but made fender repairs easier for fleet owners. Beginning in 1939, Checkers were powered by the well-known Continental "Red Seal" inline six-cylinder engine, until the engine was discontinued in 1964. Starting in the 1950s, Checker offered an optional overhead valve version of the Continental six.
During WWII, Checker, like other American automakers, switched to wartime production, building materiel needed by the U.S. Armed Forces. After the war, Checker cars, although mechanically similar to the pre-war models, were styled like many late 1940's sedans. The new model, introduced in 1947, had a 127" wheelbase and featured unit body construction. This basic design continued in production until 1956.
 - Model A2 - 1947-49
 - Model A3/A4 - 1950-52
 - Model A6-A7 - 1953-54
 - Model A8 - 1956-58
 - Model A9/A10 - 1959-63
 - Model A11/A12 - 1963-82
In 1954, New York City revised its specifications for taxi-cabs, eliminating the five-passenger rear compartment requirement and stipulating a wheelbase of 120" or less, which effectively took Checker out of the game. A brand-new 120" wheelbase body-on-frame design was introduced in December 1956, called A8, and that basic body style would be retained for the duration of Checker production until the end, in 1982.
1956 through '58 A8 Checkers featured single headlights, 1953 Chevrolet taillights (possibly GM surplus, since they were already five years old), and a thick, single-bar grille. In 1958, quad headlights became legal in the U.S., and Checkers featured the quad headlights from that time forward, along with a new egg-crate grille insert. Parking lights were housed in each far side of the grille insert. Taillights were also changed to the familiar vertical chrome strip housing dual red lenses. Early models also featured a single separate bumper-mounted backup light. Another change between the A8 and later models is the rear window. Originally flat in the A8 with a thicker "C" pillar, the rear window on later models wrapped around a thinner roof-line, affording improved all-around visibility.
For 1960, Checker introduced the A9 series taxi, as well as for the first time, a passenger sedan to be marketed to the general public, the A10 Superba. For 1961, the Marathon sedan and station wagon were introduced, upscale versions of the Superba. The Superba was discontinued in 1963, and from that time on, the taxicabs were designated A11, the Marathon became the A12.
Starting in 1965, Checker switched to Chevrolet overhead-valve inline 6-cylinder engines, with the small-block Chevy 283 and 327 V8s optional. Starting in 1970, both Chevrolet and Checker switched to the 350 cubic-inch small-block V8 that was used until the end of Checker production. GM phased out the Chevy inline six in 1979. Starting in 1980, both Chevrolet and Checker offered a new 229 cubic-inch V6 as the standard power-plant, with a small-block 305 or 350 V8 as optional.
The standard transmission for the Checker since the 1930s was a conventional 3-speed manual.


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Sketchpad Resources || Main CIGS Page
Modeling a Ferris Wheel
Using Translations and Animation
Physical devices can be modeled using dynamic geometry. A vital tool for moving objects around in the model are the isometries, or distance-preserving transformations. This model of a Ferris wheel provides a good example.
Begin with a circle and a template for the chair.
- Start a new sketch and draw a circle; then add point C as a Point on Object that slides around the circle.
- Also, create a chair-shaped blob as a Polygon Interior.
An animation button for C.
- We wish to animate C so that it runs around its circle. Select the point C and also the circle (by shift-clicking).
- Now we choose an item on a submenu. Press the mouse button down on the Action Button Item of the Edit menu and then slide the mouse to the right and down to choose Animation....
- You will get a dialog box with some choices. This time just click on the button that says Animate.
- An animation button appears in the sketch. Double-click on the button to send the point C running around the circle.
- To stop the animation, click with the mouse anywhere in the sketch (you may have to hold down the button a while to get the animation to stop).
- Add a segment. Construct the radial segment AC and double-click the animation button again. What happens to the segment?
Attach a chair at point C using a translation.
- We will mark a vector from a vertex of the blob to point C. Select one on the vertices of the blob and then point C. Now choose Mark Vector.
- Translate the blob by the marked vector. Where does the blob move? What happens when you drag point C. Why?
- Now double-click the animation button again. What happens? Why? In the figure, can you tell which vertex on the blob was selected when marking the vector?
Adding more seats.
This Ferris wheel has just one seat. Let's add more seats. We will do this by constructing 3 more points on the circle to which we will attach the seats. These points, along with C, will make four points, equally spaced 90 degrees apart around the circle.
- Construct these points by constructing the line AC and then the line through A perpendicular to line AC. The points of intersection of these lines with the circle are the four equally spaced points.
- Run the animation again to see how the four points move in unison. Hide the two lines for esthetic reasons.
- Now in turn mark the vector from the same vertex of the blob as before to each of these three new points. Each time you mark a vector, translate the blob by this vector.
- Now double-click the animation button again to see your Ferris wheel.
Refinements and Extensions.
- Adjustable seats. Since this construction is dynamic, we can make changes. Drag some vertices of the original blob to reshape the "seat." Can you make the seats face the opposite way as before?
- A three-seater. Make another Ferris wheel with three seats.
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source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Mirepoix (pronounced as Mir-pwa) is a French (if I'm not mistaken!) term to describe a combination of onions, carrots and celery. It is commonly used as a base ingredients to add flavour to soups, stews, and sauces, either used raw, buttered or roasted.
The other combination consisting of capsicum, celery and onions is known as Trinity. It is not so common in comparison to Mirepoix.
For both cases, you can use any types of onions but I chose red onions over others because it has a stronger taste and mildly sweet unlike yellow onions which are too sweet but good for onion soups. Celeriac could be used in place of celery and there is of course no substitute for carrots.
As for proportions, many said that it is a 1:1:1 ratio but I have always use a 2:1:1 ratio. As simple as it might sound, all you need is a food processor or a blender to make this. Believe it or not, 1 celery and 1 carrot each is half the weight of one red onion!
So, in my opinion, the 1:1:1 ratio is not referring to weight, but the number of each of them is used.
That's just my two cents and now everyone knows what's mirepoix :)
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Dailo meaning in English
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Get English meaning of word 'dailo'. Know Dailo in English. Get the translation of dailo in English language. Know the answer of question: What is the meaning of dailo in English language? You will find the English word for Nepali word 'dailo'. You can use this Nepali word in your daily life. Dailo is a Nepali word.


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We would like you to take a reading of your school's electricity meter at the start and end of the week prior to launching your Carbon Footprint Awareness Week. This will give you an idea of the number of units of electricity your school uses in a typical week.
During this week you will need to walk round your school between 10.00a.m to 11.00a.m and carry out the survey. It is important that all the schools doing this survey carry it between these times to give a fair comparison.
You will then need to launch your Carbon Footprint Awareness Week promoting as many energy saving ideas as you can (based on some of your findings in your energy survey). Take the electricity meter reading at the beginning of this week and at the end of the week, once again between 10.00a.m and 11.00a.m.
Compare the two readings, work out how many units of electricity you have managed to save, and if you can work out the cost of these units and there contribution to your school's carbon footprint(I will try and find a formula to help you do this)
Once you have carried out your surveys and Awareness Week you will need to publish your results on your school website and email each of the participating schools with your results so that comparisons can be made. It would also be great if we could email each other with any great ideas each school has to reduce their electricity usage. Discuss this project and share your ideas here
Get pupils' classes in school to work out their carbon footprint using the carbon footprint link:
This project leads towards: Earth Day on 27th March Schools Low Carbon Day on 24th June
|Reducing Carbon Footprint- A Health Perspective.ppt 175.0 kB|
|Five Ways to Save The Planet.ppt 65.5 kB|
|How to go Green at home.ppt 65.5 kB|
|Energy Use Survey in JNV Bhiwani India.doc 27.0 kB|
|Our Average CO2 emissions-JNV Bhiwani.doc 20.5 kB|
|Answers to questions of Woodhey High School.doc 29.5 kB|
|What we learnt through participation in Project.doc 24.0 kB|

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Witnessing practices of resistance, resilience and kinship in childbirth: a collective narrative project— Phoebe Barton
This article explores the in uence of sociocultural narratives on stories of birth, and the use of individual and collective narrative practices in responding to these stories. It emerged from a research project that included 12-recorded conversations with individuals and couples about their experiences of birth. The article describes narrative practices used in these conversations, including: re-authoring and the development of alternative storylines, particularly in response to stories of grief and regret about birth; deconstructing and externalising the context and narratives of birth, turning the gaze back onto structural or systemic issues rather than those at their affect; re-membering and strengthening stories of membership and connection during pregnancy, birth and early parenting; and the absent but implicit, including pain as testimony. The article discusses the methodology and ethics of a collective narrative project that included the production of a document that elevates the insider knowledges of storytellers about their experiences of birth.


As a pronoun
When all is used as a pronoun to mean everything, it is translated by todo:
 - is that all? =?eso es todo?
 - all was well = todo estaba bien
When all is followed by a that clause, all that is translated by todo lo que:
 - after all (that) we've done = después de todo lo que hemos hecho
 - that was all (that) he said = eso es todo lo que dijo
When all is used to refer to a specified group of people or objects, the translation reflects the number and gender of the people or objects referred to: todos is used for a group of people or objects of masculine or mixed gender, and todas for a group of feminine gender:
 - we were all delighted = estábamos todos contentísimos
 - where are the cups? – they're all in the kitchen =?dónde están las tazas? – están todas en la cocina
As an adjective
When all is used as an adjective, the translation, todo, reflects the number and gender of the noun which it modifies:
 - all the money = todo el dinero
 - all the beer = toda la cerveza
 - all the men/women = todos los hombres/todas las mujeres
When all as an adjective has the sense of any or every, it can be translated by todo in the singular:
 - all good teachers know it = todo buen profesor lo sabe or todos los buenos profesores lo saben
 - all kinds o sorts of cars = todo tipo de coche or todos los tipos de coche
As an adverb
As an adverb meaning completely, all is generally translated either by the adverb completamente or by the pronoun todo. If the translation is todo, it reflects the number and gender of the adjective:
 - it's all wet = está todo mojado
 - she was dressed all in black = iba toda vestida de negro
For more examples and particular usages, see the entries for all
See more from Grammar Notes


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Oracle fusion application security mechanism is designed on the base of role-based access control (RBAC). Oracle recommend to implement roles with functional security and data security and then assign roles to user, which bring benefits from maintenance and reusability. We should not directly assign functional security and data security to user, even though it looks ok from technical perspective.
First, let's have a look at the Oracle recommended security setup process with a real business scenario, and then have a review of Oracle fusion security architecture and concept for further understanding.
Oracle recommended Security Setup Process, which is the most safe for your implementation.
Considering you have a financial manager called Ning Yun, who is responsible for all financial modules as a manager role in business unit A, B, C, Ledger X, Y, and asset book Z.
1. Create a user ning with person information (generally employee information). A person will auto created in HCM. Or you can create person in HCM and user will be auto created.
2. You should have had job roles, like general ledger manager, payables manager, receivables manager, etc. in your system, generally they are predefined by oracle.
3. Create data roles for above job roles through data role template. Or the data role can be generated automatically when you create BU, asset book, GL data access set.
4. Assign the necessary data role to user.
I recommend that you always generate data role by data role template or generate automatically and NOT try to generate your own data security, because it is not completed. If you try to research the Oracle-predefined data role template, it is very complex. You can duplicate it by data security easily. So, always use data template or auto generation.
Oracle fusion security architecture and concepts
1. Resource: Very technical concept that the technical components used by privilege.
2. Entitlement (Privilege): A task/action of duty role. An entitlement is one or more allowable actions applied to a set of database resources.
3. Application Role (Duty/Duty role): Duty roles cannot be provisioned directly to users, but are inherited by enterprise roles to control access to applications. Duty roles may carry both function and data security grants.
4. External Role (Job/Job role): Specific to a job, and controls access to functions through inherited duty roles that carry the entitlement necessary for performing specific tasks associated with the duties of the job, such as access for a procurement manager.
5. User: application user registered in system.
6. Database resource: A database resource specifies access to a table, view, or flexfield that is secured by a data security policy.
7. HCM Security Profile: HCM data roles are generated using the Manage Data Roles and Security Profiles task, which uses HCM security profiles, not data role templates, to define the data security condition.
8. Data role template: You use data role templates to generate data roles. You generate such data roles, and create and maintain data role templates in the Authorization Policy Manager (APM).
Data Role (Also external role in APM): Specific to a job within a dimension of data, and augments the inherited abstract, duty, or job roles with entitlement to access specific data, such as access for a procurement manager in a particular business unit. Job role with data security.
External Role/Job Role: Accounts Payable Manager (which is mapping to real AP manager in business)
Duties assigned directly and indirectly to the job role Accounts Payable Manager
Application Role/Duty Role
Accounts Payable Managerial Analysis Duty: Analyzes Invoices and related documents along with Payments, Holds Discounts, and Payables Balances
Accounts Payable Period Status Management Duty: Manages Oracle Fusion Payables period status.
Accounts Payable Period Status Review Duty: Reviews Oracle Fusion Payables period status.
Actual Procurement Cost Collection Duty: Subscribes to costing service for interfacing invoice transactions to receipt accounting.
The relationship between external role (data role) and job role: (first page for functional hierarchy, second page for data security)
The relationship between job role and application rule:
The relationship between application role and entitlement:
The relationship between entitlement and resource:
(From my own opinion, the security mechanism, especially data security is very complex in current version of Fusion Application, so please always use data role template or auto-generation. That's enough)


Canadian Mathematical Society
Canadian Mathematical Society
 location: Publicationsjournals
Search results
Search: MSC category 20C15 ( Ordinary representations and characters )
 Expand all Collapse all Results 1 - 5 of 5
1. CMB Online first
Prajapati, S. K.; Sarma, R.
Total Character of a group $G$ with $(G,Z(G))$ as a generalized Camina pair
We investigate whether the total character of a finite group $G$ is a polynomial in a suitable irreducible character of $G$. When $(G,Z(G))$ is a generalized Camina pair, we show that the total character is a polynomial in a faithful irreducible character of $G$ if and only if $Z(G)$ is cyclic.
Keywords:finite groups, group characters, total characters
2. CMB 2013 (vol 57 pp. 449)
Alaghmandan, Mahmood; Choi, Yemon; Samei, Ebrahim
ZL-amenability Constants of Finite Groups with Two Character Degrees
Categories:43A20, 20C15
3. CMB 2006 (vol 49 pp. 285)
Riedl, Jeffrey M.
Orbits and Stabilizers for Solvable Linear Groups
Categories:20B99, 20C15, 20C20
4. CMB 2006 (vol 49 pp. 127)
Lewis, Mark L.
Character Degree Graphs of Solvable Groups of Fitting Height $2$
Given a finite group $G$, we attach to the character degrees of $G$ a graph whose vertex set is the set of primes dividing the degrees of irreducible characters of $G$, and with an edge between $p$ and $q$ if $pq$ divides the degree of some irreducible character of $G$. In this paper, we describe which graphs occur when $G$ is a solvable group of Fitting height $2$.
5. CMB 2005 (vol 48 pp. 41)
Dixon, John D.; Barghi, A. Rahnamai
Degree Homogeneous Subgroups
Let $G$ be a finite group and $H$ be a subgroup. We say that $H$ is \emph{degree homogeneous }if, for each $\chi\in \Irr(G)$, all the irreducible constituents of the restriction $\chi_{H}$ have the same degree. Subgroups which are either normal or abelian are obvious examples of degree homogeneous subgroups. Following a question by E.~M. Zhmud', we investigate general properties of such subgroups. It appears unlikely that degree homogeneous subgroups can be characterized entirely by abstract group properties, but we provide mixed criteria (involving both group structure and character properties) which are both necessary and sufficient. For example, $H$ is degree homogeneous in $G$ if and only if the derived subgroup $H^{\prime}$ is normal in $G$ and, for every pair $\alpha,\beta$ of irreducible $G$-conjugate characters of $H^{\prime}$, all irreducible constituents of $\alpha^{H}$ and $\beta^{H}$ have the same degree.
© Canadian Mathematical Society, 2015 :


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Zemana Uninstall Tool
Malwarebytes Anti-Malware stopped updating its obsolete database a few weeks ago by sometimes stating that it could not access the database server and that sometimes an update was not available. Unfortunately, some versions of Zemana AntiMalware seem to have bugs that prevent users from easily uninstalling this utility. The Antilogger.sys file is suspected to be causing the removal problem. Nevertheless, rest assured that we will propose several solutions to this problem.
Solution 1: Remove the software using the unins000.exe file.
- Enter the file explorer. Click the Folder icon on the taskbar or search for it by typing "Folder Options" after clicking Start.
- Open the local disk where you installed the Zemana AntiMalware program. Then open Program Files (x86)> Zemana AntiMalware.
- In the created folder, double-click the Unins000.exe file. After activation, the deletion process should begin.
- When the procedure is complete, enter the registry editor. Click the Start button, then type regedit and press Enter.
- Find these folders:
- HKEY_CURRENT_USER \ Software \ Zemana \
- HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \ SOFTWARE \ Zemana
Delete them to completely eliminate Zemana Antimalware. Restart your computer for the changes to take effect.
Solution 2: Uninstall Zemana Antimalware through programs and features
- Click Start. Tap Apps / Programs and Features.
- Find the Zemana AntiMalware app and choose Uninstall.
- Repeat the same steps by entering Registry Editor and removing HKEY_CURRENT_USER \ Software \ Zemana \ and HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \ SOFTWARE \ Zemana \
- Restart the computer.
Solution 3: Use an uninstaller
You can install Perfect Uninstaller to manage the application. The old program will eliminate Zemana AntiMalware in minutes. He will also check his secondary files. It is important to remove them all before the uninstallation process succeeds.
Solution 4. Remove the Antilogger.sys file
- Click the Start button. Type Device Manager.
- Choose View Sections. Check mark Show hidden devices function.
- Locate the antilogger.sys file in the Plug-in and Drivers section.


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Summary: In our study, we undertake a relative efficiency analysis of hospitals providing inpatient care, which play a key role in the Hungarian health care system. According to the Competitiveness Report 2020 of the Hungarian National Bank, the Hungarian health care system has a number of reserves, and the sustainability of the system can be improved by using these reserves. In the 2015-2019 period, particular attention has been paid to the identification of achievable and meaningful indicators in the sector under review. The relative effectiveness analysis (DEA) method can be used to address this challenge. The units of our analysis are state-owned institutions in Hungary, typologised by the total number of beds. General profile hospitals with a bed count between 600 and 1200 beds were included in the analysis. The results of running the programme have clearly shown that there are some institutions that do not operate as efficiently as the majority of the organisations included in the study, but further research and refinement of the indicators is needed to determine the practical application of the pilot studies.
Keywords: hospital, effectiveness analysis, DEA method
JEL codes: I14, H11
Download full text here! (pdf)


South American Blackwater Biotope Aquarium Setup
A biotope aquaria is an aquarium that is set-up to simulate a natural habitat. The fish, plants, water chemistry, and furnishings are similar to those that can be found in a specific natural setting.
Always check compatibility! Some species from a particular habitat are not suitable tankmates. For example, the Peacock Bass will eat small tetras since they are their natural food in the wild.
The biotope aquarium can be adapted by adding species from disparate areas that have similar water requirements.
[Photos from various habitats/biotopes]
Freshwater fish species listed by country and ecosystem -- excellent resources for constructing biotope aquaria.
South American Blackwater Stream
Blackwater ponds, creeks, and rivers originate in the rain-forest. In the slow-moving waters, acids are leeched from decaying vegetation creating very transparent, tea-colored water. These waters have almost no measurable water hardness and an acidic pH.
The substrate in blackwater habitats is typically leaf litter over a base of fine clay or sand. Decaying wood and plant matter is common especially in flooded igapo forest. There are many submerged terrestrial plants, many of which retain most of their leaves.
Rio Negro
pH: 4.5-6.5, 0-4 dH, 81-86 F (27-30 C)
Furnish the tank with bog wood and a dark, fine gravel substrate.
There can be subdued lighting and still water.
Peat filtration is recommended.
Sword plants, Heteranthera, Ceratophyllum, Vallisneria, Cabomba
Discus, Angelfish, Dwarf Cichlids, Tetras, Hatchetfish, Corydoras, Farlowella, Loricarids.
Blackwater River: Brazil, Venezuela, Rio Negro (Brazil), Rio Negro (Brazil), Rio Negro (Brazil), Rio Negro (Brazil), Mixing of Waters - Rio Negro and the Amazon, Mixing of Waters - Rio Negro and the Amazon, Brazil, Brazil, Rio Negro Beach, Rio Negro Beach.
Blackwater Lake: Brazil,
South American Blackwater Creek Mountain blackwater creek: Venezuela, Venezuela, Venezuela.
Blackwater creek: Venezuela
Igapo: Brazil, Brazil, Brazil, Brazil, Brazil, Brazil.
Altum Angelfish Biotope Aquarium Pictures
Discus Biotope Aquarium Pictures


Complex.Phase Property
Gets the phase of a complex number.
Namespace: System.Numerics
Assembly: System.Numerics (in System.Numerics.dll)
public double Phase { get; }
Property Value
Type: System.Double
The phase of a complex number, in radians.
For a complex number a + bi, the phase is computed as Math.Atan2(b, a).
You can identify a complex number by its Cartesian coordinates on the complex plane or by its polar coordinates. The phase (argument) of a complex number is the angle to the real axis of a line drawn from the point of origin (the intersection of the x-axis and the y-axis) to the point represented by the complex number. The magnitude (represented by the Magnitude property) is the distance from the point of origin to the point that is represented by the complex number.
You can instantiate a complex number based on its polar coordinates instead of its Cartesian coordinates by calling the FromPolarCoordinates method.
To convert the phase from radians to degrees, multiply it by 180/Math.PI.
The following example uses the FromPolarCoordinates method to instantiate a complex number based on its polar coordinates, and then displays the value of its Magnitude and Phase properties.
using System;
using System.Numerics;
public class Example
 public static void Main()
 Complex c1 = Complex.FromPolarCoordinates(10, 45 * Math.PI / 180);
 Console.WriteLine("{0}:", c1);
 Console.WriteLine(" Magnitude: {0}", Complex.Abs(c1));
 Console.WriteLine(" Phase: {0} radians", c1.Phase);
 Console.WriteLine(" Phase {0} degrees", c1.Phase * 180/Math.PI);
 Console.WriteLine(" Atan(b/a): {0}", Math.Atan(_URL_.Real));
// The example displays the following output:
// (7.07106781186548, 7.07106781186547):
// Magnitude: 10
// Phase: 0.785398163397448 radians
// Phase 45 degrees
// Atan(b/a): 0.785398163397448
.NET Framework
Supported in: 4.6, 4.5, 4
.NET Framework Client Profile
Supported in: 4
Portable Class Library
Supported in: Portable Class Library
.NET for Windows Store apps
Supported in: Windows 8
Supported in: Windows Phone 8.1
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© 2014 Microsoft


text:
Primary Reactions of Cellulose Pyrolysis
Cellulose pyrolysis has been the subject of a large number of papers. However, the origin and nature of many products are still not well understood. This chapter begins by noting the difficulties connected to experimental and conceptual definitions and characterizations of slow and fast pyrolysis. The most representative results published during the long history of pyrolysis are summarized. The chapter points out the main controversies, unresolved questions and well established facts of cellulose pyrolysis. Special emphasis is placed on the primary steps of cellulose deconstruction and also on the formation and properties of intermediate species. The chapter concludes with suggestions for future research topics.


text:
Neural networks applied to ultrasonic tomographic image reconstruction
UNSPECIFIED (1997) Neural networks applied to ultrasonic tomographic image reconstruction. NEURAL COMPUTING & APPLICATIONS, 5 (2). pp. 106-123. ISSN 0941-0643Full text not available from this repository.
A neural network system has been developed which can reconstruct images of defects within fibre reinforced polymer composite samples. This paper discusses the problems associated with the image reconstruction of the ultrasonic data using neural networks, together with various methods adopted to improve the performance of the neural network system, including a modification to the error backpropagation algorithm.
|Item Type:||Journal Article|
|Subjects:||Q Science > QA Mathematics > QA76 Electronic computers. Computer science. Computer software|
|Journal or Publication Title:||NEURAL COMPUTING & APPLICATIONS|
|Number of Pages:||18|
|Page Range:||pp. 106-123|
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What is the default file permission of /etc/shadow in CentOS? Is there any difference in the default file permission of /etc/shadow in previous versions of CentOS?
That's an interesting observation; the only concrete evidence I could find, so far, is this SCAP mailing list thread talking about the change from RHEL5's default permissions of 0400 to RHEL6's default of 0. You can also observe that in the list of Common Configuration Enumartions on the Working Group's now-archived website.
The shadow file is specifically designed to be read ONLY by root. The point in this file is to prevent people from seeing your encrypted passwords because there are commands like "crack" than can figure out many passwords from their encrypted values. Prior to introduction of the shadow file the encrypted passwords were stored in /etc/passwd and if they weren't properly formed were very easy to break.
/etc/shadow file stores actual password in encrypted format for user's account with additional properties related to user password i.e. it stores secure user account information. All fields are separated by a colon (:) symbol. It contains one entry per line for each user listed in /etc/passwd file
Your Answer


US United States
The Brisbane Declaration: a blueprint for the musical world
Earlier this year the number of views of South Korean mega-star Psy's Gangnam Style YouTube video exceeded two billion. That's more than a quarter of the people on the planet who have watched the video. It also adds up to a collective 16,000 years spent watching (assuming everyone sat out the four-and-a-bit minutes, which is a big assumption).
At the same time, many musical practices face enormous challenges in getting any attention at all - particularly those of Indigenous and minority peoples. As I wrote on The Conversation in May, an estimated 98% of Australian Indigenous music and dance traditions have already been lost. Without urgent action, the remainder are also in jeopardy.
It's difficult then to generalise about the state of music in the 21st century. But a new declaration, drafted in Brisbane last year, attempts to do just that. It aims to articulate a "sharpened vision for the musical world" as we approach the year 2020.
What might this mean for the future of music – in Australia and beyond?
DanceSite, Alice Springs. Rusty Stewart
An action agenda
In November last year, Brisbane hosted the 5th World Forum on Music (WFM5) of the International Music Council (IMC). During the event, the IMC solicited the views of the 600-odd delegates on the key priorities and action areas for the musical world towards 2020.
These ideas were then drafted into a formal statement, approved in principal by the 35th IMC General Assembly. This statement has become known as the Brisbane Declaration.
As an "action agenda", the Brisbane Declaration aims to ensure a "sustainable, thriving and diverse musical life on our planet". It makes some acute observations on contemporary musical practices. It also draws attention to some of the challenges and concerns surrounding music and music-making in the 21st century - such as the vulnerability of many local music traditions in an increasingly globalised world.
Five Musical Rights
Underlying the Brisbane Declaration are the Five Musical Rights, proclaimed by the IMC in 2001. These are:
1) the right for all children and adults to express themselves musically in all freedom
2) the right to learn musical languages and skills
3) the right to have access to musical involvement through participation, listening, creation, and information
5) the right to obtain just recognition and remuneration for their work.
African Children's Choir Louis
The Brisbane Declaration reflects on the progress made since 2001 regarding these rights. It connects the rights to key issues in contemporary musical life around the globe, including the roles of communities, educational institutions, governments, the music industry, and the mass media.
Will the Brisbane Declaration help?
It's difficult for a statement such as the Brisbane Declaration to accurately reflect the situation for all musics and musicians across the world, from traditional folk artists to concert pianists to global pop stars.
Nevertheless, the Brisbane Declaration captures what music opinion-leaders believe are the most urgent concerns facing musicians today, from the grassroots to international levels. Freedom of expression, approaches to education, the rise of digital technologies, and intellectual property and copyright are all on the table.
In a panel discussion at WFM5, Jeremy Cox, CEO of the Association of European Conservatoires (AEC), and Frans de Ruiter, then-President of the IMC, reflected with delegates on the draft agenda. They shared their hope that the Declaration may inspire and encourage artists, educators, researchers, policy-makers, industry bodies and opinion-leaders to work together to ensure a sustainable and diverse global musical future.
With active dissemination and use, the Brisbane Declaration promises to help shape vibrant and viable music practices across the world. In July, AEC announced its intention to draw on the Declaration in developing a European Agenda for Music.
What does it mean for Australia?
As efforts are made to maintain and revitalise remaining Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander performance traditions, the Declaration reminds us that culture is a pillar of sustainable development.
It prompts us to affirm the right to musical and cultural expression for all Australians, including Indigenous children in our schools. It calls on us to reflect critically on musical and cultural access and equality, which hold a mirror to wider societal issues and values.
If we take notice, the Brisbane Declaration promises to act as a useful compass, directing our vision towards a future in which, in a spirit of respect and equality, Australians and people around the world may build enriching, stimulating, and diverse musical lives.
Catherine Grant's book Music Endangerment: How Language Maintenance Can Help was recently released by Oxford University Press.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
As I iterate through the rows of a mysql table, there are 2 values in each table (x,y) that I need to see what interval those two values fall between.
For example if x=-21.1 and y=52.4, x would be in the -30..-20 interval and y would be in the 50..60 interval.
So based on these intervals, I would have a hash or something containing that interval combination (-30..-20 and 50..60) and increment it by one. Then I would go through the rest of the rows in the mysql table and do the same so I have a count of all occurances of the interval combinations.
There will be 36X36 combinations (interval -180..180, divided in 10s). I think this is supposed to be done by using multidimensional hashes, but I'm not sure. Can anyone help me out?
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
How about doing it in MySQL itself?
SELECT FLOOR(x/10)*10, FLOOR(y/10)*10, COUNT(*)
FROM yourTable
share|improve this answer
Thank you so much! This works quite well and easily implementable in my Perl code :) – user1001715 Oct 18 '11 at 18:26
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text:
Uses and benefits of electric fencing
Animal control is perhaps the most widely recognized reason for power fencing. Not only does power fencing keep domestic animals and livestock contained, it has various other important uses, including:
- Keeping wild animals out
- Separating different groups of animals
- Allowing rationing of crops and pasture
- Fencing animals off from eroding areas, trees, rivers and roads
Power fencing has revolutionized pasture management techniques and better pasture management means better profitability for farmers. Permanent or portable power fences are used to subdivide pasture to ensure even distribution of manure over grazing areas. In this way, pastures are kept fresh, short and palatable which ultimately leads to increased milk and meat production. If you are interested in finding out more about pasture management techniques.
Other key benefits of power fencing:
- Easily constructed and maintained
- Durable, because of low physical contact
- Light weight and easily transported
- Easily modified
- Less animal hide and pelt damage
- Deterrent to trespassers and predators
For convenient, economical animal control, improved pasture management and more profitable farming, a Gallagher Power Fence System is the trusted solution.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
In the special relativistic action for a massive point particle,
$$\int_{t_i}^{t_f}\mathcal {L}dt,$$
why is the Lagrangian
$$\mathcal {L}=-E_o\gamma^{-1}$$
a negative number?
share|improve this question
I'm just guessing this is the relativistic action for a free point particle, but some clarification of your question would help... – Michael Brown Jan 25 '13 at 9:59
Having you noticed that adding a constant the $\mathcal{L}$ doesn't affect the resulting optimal path? – dmckee Jan 25 '13 at 11:09
Because by convention, we want the action to be minimized in normal cases, not maximized. It's a convention: we could redefine $S\to -S$ which would then be maximized. For a massive pointlike particle, the proper time along the straight path is actually maximized, recall the twin paradox (the traveling twin ages less than the stationary one because of time dilation!), so one has to take $S$ to be a negative multiple of the proper time for the action to be minimized along the classical path. – Luboš Motl Jan 25 '13 at 11:25
Luboš agrees with me! :-) – John Rennie Jan 25 '13 at 11:40
I have even upvoted you, _USER_, after I noticed that you wrote the same thing and before me! ;-) – Luboš Motl Jan 25 '13 at 12:22
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The argument I have seen is that the action is the length of the geodesic i.e.
$$ \text{path length} = \int ds $$
but we know that the trajectory of a free relativistic particle is the one that maximises the path length. So by writing:
$$ S = -m\int ds $$
we get an action that is minimised for the correct path (the $m$ is there to make the dimensions correct).
share|improve this answer
And how about non relativistic $L=mv^2/2$? – Vladimir Kalitvianski Jan 25 '13 at 10:37
Generally what matters is that the action is stationary $\delta S=0$, as is most easily seen from the path integral. Whether the classical path corresponds to a maximum, minimum or saddle point of the action is practically immaterial. – Michael Brown Jan 25 '13 at 11:21
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At the classical level (meaning $\hbar=0$), to derive the Euler-Lagrange equations (i.e. the special relativistic version of Newton's 2nd law) from the action $S$, an overall (possibly negative) multiplicative factor is irrelevant. In this case, the normalization is chosen so that the Lagrangian
$$ L~=~-\frac{E_0}{\gamma} ~\approx~ \frac{1}{2}m v^2 -E_0 \qquad\text{for}\qquad v\ll c$$
recovers the well-known expression for the kinetic energy (up to an additive constant) in the non-relativistic limit $v\ll c$. So a bit oversimplified, the negative sign is caused by the huge rest energy $E_0$. Note that additive constants in the Lagrangian do not affect the equations of motion.
share|improve this answer
Right, with choosing $L=E_o(1-\gamma^{-1})$ we obtain the same equations. – Vladimir Kalitvianski Jan 25 '13 at 10:54
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text:
Reset Grecom Scanner
Use this document to factory reset a Grecom scanner and program a frequency to be stored in memory.
Before beginning, please read all the way through these instructions to familiarize yourself with the steps.
Resetting Grecom Scanner
- Turn the scanner OFF and Unplug the audio cable from the rear of the scanner.
- Turn the scanner On. "WELCOME" will scroll across the screen.
- During the "WELCOME" message, press "0" and wait one second
- Press "1", wait one second, and then Press "ENT"
- The "WELCOME" message will scroll across the screen again then the center of the display should read "1CH _PHONE_". NOTE: If you see other numbers in the center of the display, start over at step 1.
- Press "1" and then press "PGM"
- Using the number keys, enter your dispatch frequency. NOTE: YOU MUST USE THE PERIOD "." KEY WHEN ENTERING YOUR FREQUENCY.
- When your frequency is entered, press "ENT"
- Set the volume knob to the 10 o'clock position.
- Adjust the squelch knob to the point that just makes no static be heard. (12 o'clock is recommended)
- Have your NORMAL DISPATCH CENTER do a test dispatch. DO NOT use a base radio in your station. Verify that you can hear the dispatch through the scanner.
- Insert the audio cable into the headphone jack on the rear of the scanner. DO NOT use the PC/IF jack
Your scanner is now programmed to the proper frequency and ready for use.
We strongly recommend that you attach a note to your scanner/detector stating "DO NOT TOUCH."
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text:
Continuous Krapcho Dealkoxycarbonylation in API Synthesis
A high pressure and high temperature continuous flow reactor has been used to intensify a Krapcho dealkoxycarbonylation reaction in the context of API synthesis. The reactor enables operation of the reaction above temperatures possible in batch and thus significantly increased conversion rates are achieved. Also a broader choice of solvents is possible by the use of the continuous process. Batch and continuous reaction are compared in terms of operation range and space-time-yield. Despite lower concentrations of the reactants in the continuous process, space-time-yield exceeds that of the batch process by more than an order of magnitude due to the higher reaction rates.
Use and reproduction:
All rights reserved


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Hint: Let the lead coefficient be $a_n\ne 0$ and let the constant term be $a_0\ne 0$. Then the usual Rational Roots Theorem tells you that the list of candidates is limited to numbers of the form $c/d$ where $c$ divides $a_0$ and $d\ge 1$ divides $a_n$. To use it, one then, at least in principle, tests every candidate.
In your situation, the result is exactly the same. The list of candidates is limited to numbers of the form $ci/d$, with the same conditions on $c$ and $d$.
Remark: Breaking up into real and complex parts is very often a more efficient way of ruling out candidates. The point of the above answer is that the procedure provided by the Rational Roots Theorem can be word for word extended to our new situation. The proof is essentially the same as the usual proof of the Rational Roots Theorem.


These Blacknose Sheep Look Just Like Stuffed Animals & They Make Great Pets!
The Valais Blacknose sheep (In German: Walliser Schwarznasenschaf) is a wonderful breed of domestic sheep that originated in the Valais region of Switzerland.
They are documented as far back as the 15th century! However, Valais Blacknose sheep were not officially recognized as unique until the 1960s.
Valais Blacknose sheep are raised for both wool and meat. These remarkable sheep are unmistakable with their black faces, ears and long spiral horns, black patches on their knees, hocks and feet.
They are extremely friendly and will love humans as much as humans love them.
You shouldn't be surprised that they have been called the cutest sheep in the world!
Valais Blacknose sheep wool is course: the average fiber diameter is approximately 38 microns, with a staple length of 100mm or more.
The annual yield is about 4 kilograms per head.
Their wool is best sutied for carpets or felting.
These black-faced sheep are known to be very friendly, tamed easily and have a naturally peaceful demeanor.
H/t awesomejelly.comfacebook/valaisblacknosenz via


text:
John Landis Mason
Born 1832 – Died February 26, 1902
Improvement in Screw-Neck Bottles
Patent No. 22,186
John Mason invented and patented the first glass jar with a screw-on cap in
From early human history, farmers searched for a method to keep food
from spoiling. Prior to canning, foods were dried, smoked and salted, or
soaked in sugar for preservation. Other methods of canning preceded Mason's,
but did not provide long-term food preservation and were extremely
cumbersome. Mason, a tinsmith, developed a square-shouldered jar that
provided an airtight seal. The jar had a threaded neck and a threaded metal
cap that screwed down over a rubber seal to the jar's shoulder, creating an
airtight seal. The jars offered a more reliable method of preserving foods
and were an immediate success.
With the increased safety and convenience of canning, urban populations were
able to take advantage of fresh produce. The jars were affordable and
re-useable and allowed for preservation of garden or farm produce such as
tomatoes, pickles, fruits, and relish for use in the winter.
Mason jars were an integral part of food preservation for the next 100
years. Although canning decreased in popularity as refrigeration and other
forms of food preservation emerged, the Mason jar is still today the common
term for the fruit jar and used in home canning.
A native of Philadelphia, Mason was born in 1832 and becamea tinsmith by trade. Because most mason jars were produced by rivals after his patent expired in 1879, Mason did not become wealthy from his profitable invention. He died a pauper in New York City in 1902.


text:
A guitar technique where the edge of the pick is dragged along the length of a string, creating a distinctive, abrasive sound.
Pick slides, also known as pick scrapes, are a popular technique in rock and metal genres, often used as a dramatic effect or to transition between different sections of a song. To execute a pick slide, the guitarist places the edge of the pick against a string, usually the lower E or A string, and applies pressure while sliding the pick along the string's length. The resulting sound is a gritty, grinding noise that can add energy and intensity to a performance.
Although pick slides are relatively simple to perform, they require a firm grip on the pick and careful control of the pressure applied to the string to produce the desired sound. Incorporating pick slides into one's playing can provide a dynamic and attention-grabbing element, contributing to the overall expressiveness and impact of a guitarist's performance.


Where Did the Expression "for the Love of Pete" Come From and What Does It Mean?
This phrase and others like it, for example "For Pete's sake", are euphemisms for the phrases "For the love of God/Christ" or "For God's/ Christ's sake" and hail from a time when those phases were considered blasphemous.
Nowadays phrases like "For the love of God" are commonly used, but the euphemisms are still used as well.
Other phrases with similar origins are "Zounds", archaic British slang, a contraction of "Christ's wounds"; "Oh my goodness" and "Oh my gosh" for "Oh my God; and "Gosh darn it" for "God damn it."


Mount Athos
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Mount Athos is a mountain in the Greek province of Macedonia. It is also commonly used to refer to the Self-governed Monastic State of the Holy Mountain, which is an autonomous part of Greece. There are twenty Eastern Orthodox monasteries inside this state.
The peninsula is the easternmost "leg" of the larger Halkidiki peninsula. It protrudes into the Aegean Sea for some 60 kilometres (37 mi) at a width between 7 to 12 km and covers an area of 335.637 square kilometres (129.59 sq mi), with the actual Mount Athos and its steep, densely forested slopes reaching up to 2,033 metres (6,670 ft). The seas around the end of the peninsula can be dangerous.
The peninsula is only accessible by boat. There is a limit on the number of visitors. People visiting need to get a special permit. Only men are allowed to enter. Monks call Mount Athos the "Garden of the Virgin"-.[1] Orthodox Christians take precedence in the permit issuing procedure. Only males over the age of 18 who are members of an Eastern Orthodox Church are allowed to live on Athos (?). A large number of Albanian Muslims work in the Holy Mountain. There is a small number of unarmed, religious guards (Σερδάρηδες), who are not monks, for keeping order. Police and Coast Guard presence is very discreet. Any other people not monks are required to live in the peninsula's capital, Karyes (?) Most workers live at the place where they work. Small low class hotels exist at Karyes (administrative center) and Dafni (main port). The 2001 Greek national census recorded a population of 2,262 inhabitants.
References[change | change source]


Certain (long) street names / intersection names are not recognized by the program.
Table of Contents
A very long street name exists in the database, but diagrams for locations on that street can not be generated, and sometimes the street itself is missing from high accident location lists.
In almost all routines, Intersection Magic strips leading and trailing spaces from street names. As a result, a street name is not valid if it contains leading or trailing spaces. This is a problem in the situation when a very long street name is added to the database. If the 29th character ( the maximum length of a street name) is a space, it will be added to the database with the space. From then on this street will not be accessed properly.
Working on itÉ (4/30/99)
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infused with essential oils or natural scents like lavender or chamomile.
How to Use Heated Eye Masks
Using heated eye masks is simple and straightforward. Follow these steps to make the most of your relaxation experience:
1. Start by carefully reading the manufacturer's instructions for your specific heated eye mask.
2. If you have an electrically heated eye mask, ensure it is fully charged or the batteries are inserted correctly. If you have a microwavable mask, heat it according to the provided instructions.
3. Gently place the mask over your closed eyes, ensuring it covers the entire eye area.
4. Relax in a comfortable position and enjoy the soothing warmth for the recommended duration, usually around 10 to 20 minutes.
5. After use, remove the mask and store it in a clean and dry place.
Precautions and Safety Tips
While heated eye masks are generally safe to use, it's important to keep the following precautions in mind:
1. Follow the manufacturer's instructions regarding heating duration and temperature to avoid overheating or burning.
2. Check the mask's temperature before applying it to your eyes to ensure it's comfortable and not too hot.
3. Do not use heated eye masks if you have an eye infection, injury, or any other eye-related condition without consulting a healthcare professional.
4. Avoid falling asleep while wearing a heated eye mask to prevent any potential hazards.
Heated eye masks have revolutionized the way we relax and care for our eyes. With their gentle warmth and therapeutic benefits, these masks provide a much-needed respite from our busy lives. Whether you're seeking relief from eye strain, relaxation after a long day, or a better night's sleep, heated eye masks can be your go-to solution. Remember to choose the right mask for your needs, follow the usage guidelines, and prioritize safety. So, give your eyes the relaxation they deserve and indulge in the soothing warmth of heated eye masks.
Heated Eye Masks FAQs
Q. Can heated eye masks help with migraines or headaches?
A. Heated eye masks may provide temporary relief for headaches or migraines associated with eye strain or tension. However, if you suffer from chronic migraines or severe headaches, it's best to consult a healthcare professional for appropriate treatment.
Q. How often can I use a heated eye mask?
A. You can use a heated eye mask as often as needed. However, it's recommended to limit usage to once or twice a day for around 10 to 20 minutes each time.
Q. Can I wash a heated eye mask?
A. This depends on the specific heated eye mask. Some masks come with removable and washable covers, while others may require spot cleaning. Refer to the manufacturer's instructions for proper cleaning methods.
Q. Can heated eye masks be used with contact lenses?
A. It's generally safe to use heated eye masks while wearing contact lenses. However, to ensure comfort and prevent any potential damage to the lenses, it's advisable to consult your eye care professional for personalized guidance.


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6" x 9"
|# of Pages||
Birth on the Land
Memories of Inuit Elders and Traditional Midwives
In Birth on the Land, elders and traditional midwives from ten Nunavut communities share memories of traditional birth.
They share how they sometimes laboured and birthed quietly and alone, while other times they were surrounded by the love and support of their family or community. They describe, and even demonstrate, what they did to facilitate an easy birth and give newborns the best possible start in life.
The elders and traditional midwives also share memories about the transition from giving birth in igluit or tents to having to do so in the company of strangers in institutions introduced by southern colonizers. They remember a time when pregnancy, birth, and death were accepted as a part of life, and when elders, rather than southern caregivers, were the sources of wisdom and authority.
Birth on the Land reintroduces contemporary readers to the time-honoured midwifery practices that were used in Nunavut for generations, and provides invaluable insight for caregivers in contemporary Nunavut about caring for pregnant women and giving birth the "Inuit way."


Common-Pool Resources
Goods that typically possess a natural or constructed system of resources
What are Common-Pool Resources?
Common-pool resources (CPRs), also referred to as common goods, are goods that typically possess a natural or constructed system of resources. CPRs are non-excludable, meaning that individuals or populations typically can't be prevented from using them, even if they aren't paying for them. They are, however, rivalrous, meaning that their usage makes it more difficult for others to subsequently utilize them.
Common-Pool Resources
Congestion and Overuse
Common-pool resources often suffer from being overused or becoming congested by use. It is largely due to the fact that such resources usually possess a primary resource, or stock variable, as well as smaller units that can be extracted and used, or the flow variable of the resource. There are a number of resources that fall into the common-pool category, including:
 - Fisheries
 - Pastures
 - Irrigation systems
Example of Common-Pool Resources
With common-pool resources, overuse occurs because of subtractability (rivalry). For example, consider a pasture. If the land isn't necessarily privately owned and is shared between multiple farmers grazing their cattle, then the pasture is a common-pool resource because it can't be effectively exclusive to any of the farmers.
However, as cattle are rotated between areas of the pasture, each area then becomes substantially less valuable to every farmer down the line, with the potential for overgrazing that will make the pasture not usable for any cattle, at least for a period of time. Here, the general acreage of the pasture space would be the primary resource or stock variable and the grass, then, would be the flow variable.
Controlling Common-Pool Resources
In order to make sure that CPRs retain their non-excludability and to work against the tendency toward overuse or congestion, protocols are typically established. The protocols include important items such as the following:
 - Establishing the boundaries of the resource, making it clear what space is part of the resource
 - Agreements between all users of the resource (planned or expected), or making assurances that all potential users are aware of the space and rules
 - Careful monitoring of the resource
 - Penalties put in place to sanction users who don't abide by established agreements on the proper use of the resource
 - Some forum or plan of action for resolution of conflicts if/when they arise
With most common-pool resources, legislation, the establishment of rules, and conflict resolution are done at a local level so that the resources aren't opened up further to overuse or exploitation. The government typically only steps in or is involved if the resources are part of a trade agreement or if disputes over the resources exceed the ability of local officials to control.
In some cases, the government must be included so that overuse of the resource – or exploitation of it – doesn't harm the broader community or the country, or create a global impact.
Final Word
Common-pool resources are important. They offer a set of goods or resources that can essentially be accessed by everyone. The danger comes when such resources are overused or abused and become at least temporarily unusable or significantly less valuable to other users.
Additional Resources
 - Consumption
 - Giffen Good
 - Supply and Demand
 - Veblen Goods
Financial Analyst Certification


Candomblé Ketu
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For the city in Ecuador frequently misspelled as Queto, see Quito.
Candomblé Ketu (or Queto in Portuguese) is the largest and most influential branch (nation) of Candomblé, a religion practiced in Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay. Its liturgical language, known as Iorubá or Nagô, is a dialect of Yoruba.
Queto is a system of beliefs that merges the Yoruba mythology (brought to the New World by Yoruba slaves) with Christianity and Indigenous American traditions.[1] Queto developed in the Portuguese Empire. Yoruba slaves carried with them various religious customs, including a trance and divination system for communicating with their ancestors and spirits, animal sacrifice, and sacred drumming and dance.[2][3] Its origins are entwined with the religious and beneficent brotherhoods (irmandades) organized by the Roman Catholic Church among ethnic Yoruba slaves; the Order of Our Lady of the Good Death (Nossa Senhora da Boa Morte), for women, and the Order of Our Lord of the Martyrdom (Nosso Senhor dos Martírios), for men.
See also[edit]
External links[edit]


Food industry
Delta Tracking is a versatile platform that can be utilized by many businesses, especially the food industry. They need to be able to control the itinerary in movement of their products to insure their quality
So, Delta tracking is a good tool for the traceability of:
 - Raw materials,
 - Supplies
 - Product distribution.
Providing control in the logistics of the industry.
Contact us:
5 DeltaTracking Tools for the Food Industry:
1. APP Personal Tracker:
One of the main problems that the food industry has is the traceability of its distribution channels; This is where Delta Tracking technology supports you by implementing automated methods and being more competitive in this industry.
It is possible:
 1. To have total control of the sales force.
 2. Generate the necessary data.
 3. Create market projections
 4. Implement sales campaigns.
 5. And reach more people to increase profits.
Food industry
2. Multi Monitoring Screen:
The GPS tracking platform in food transportation is a useful tools specifically for handling these products.
First, you are able to adjust the established routes to deliver the products in optimal times and coverage of the different regions through the delivery units.
Secondly, it allows you to adjust the temperature control in the containers of refrigerated products, and see temperature fluctuations generated by the opening of doors and other activities, thus generating intelligent alerts that can maintain temperature values within the framework established by the producers.
In conclusion, utilizing the advantages above, food will reach suppliers and the final consumer in optimal conditions, thus guaranteeing food quality.
Food industry
3. Travel considerations:
DeltaTracking software is capable of establishing optimal routes for the safe and efficient transportation of food.
Most of the industry includes frozen, refrigerated and non-refrigerated products, as well as perishable and non-perishable products that require optimal handling.
Therefore, controlling schedules and established precise routes, the quality of products and reliability of their delivery is assured along with the good reputation of the company.
Giving industries the possibility of introducing fresh, better quality, natural and safe products to the market.
4. Monitoring Center:
Having the maximum amount of digitized information and with good management improves communication to implement new processes.
Additionally, renewing automatic equipment that raises the production of the industry.
So investment in technology is an excellent option for process automation, business savings, error reduction and data control.
Through the GPS tracking platform via the monitoring center, data will be obtained in real time from the vehicles that are operating as food transportation and thus obtain better performance.
5. Management of food vehicles:
GPS platforms are also important in controlling the proper use of the vehicles in which food is transported, so they are in optimal condition through scheduled maintenance, being corrective, predictive and recurring, monitored and scheduled through the platform. Also you can see the behaviors of drivers in different situations, such as rough handling of the units or speeding.
It allows calculating the fatigue times of each unit to be able to intervene and thus make it more productive at the operational level.
Deltatracking is a great ally to increase the quality control in the products of the food industry.
To clarify, food industries are increasingly generating data to formulate their strategies and decision making.
The DeltaTracking platform provides the necessary tools to have the largest amount of data automatically so it can be shared through different communication channels.
That is why the implementation of GPS Platforms in the food industry is of great benefit to obtain consumption information and analysis of corporate performance and quality trends.
The implementation of a GPS platform in the food industry is of vital importance, since with it, we can maximize the company's resources, both on a human and operational level.
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Material Management & Potholes
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 5. Material Management & Potholes
What do Material Management and Potholes have in common?
 First, let's think about potholes. Potholes are known for destroying our roads and most importantly, the cars we drive. Until a discovery by MacRebur, a company in Scotland, potholes were an inevitable destructive part of our life. MacRebur, theorized that roadways would have less likelihood of experiencing potholes after being filled with a new material, a mixture of asphalt and plastic material waste. This material would allow for more flexibility due to the plastic material properties in the mixture.
The impact of this new discovery on waste would be astonishing. Based on the study completed1 kilometer of road composed of this plastic waste and asphalt could be translated to 684,000 plastic bottles or 1.8 million plastic bags that would be diverted from landfills and oceans!
 So, if you are still asking yourself, what do Material Management and Potholes have in common It's product innovation. PLM enables engineers to spend their time finding endless innovations with material management(even if the problem is a pothole)
 So, let the software manage the background noise, keeping track of details, data and mindless operations that keep human minds spinning. Allow your engineers to utilize their minds to find the best innovations and bring them to life.
 PLM can give your company to grow through innovation, speed up time to market, control cost, and reduce the risk of unknown surprises.
Think the future, think PLM, think PROLIM.
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text:
puts "Hello world!"
In this post we will see how to read keyboard input from console using TCL script. Some time we need to take input from user to proceed further, for example adding two numbers. Here is syntax to read :
gets channel_ID variable_Name
Here, channel_ID is id of channel. It specify from where we have to read. To read from console we need to use stdin (standard input) as channel ID.
variable_Name is name of variable where we have to store that text.
Let us check one sample example.
puts "what is your favourite colour?" gets stdin name_of_colour puts "Colour is $name_of_colour"
what is your favourite colour?
Colour is red
Here is another example to add two numbers entered by user :
puts "Enter first number for addition:" gets stdin first_number puts "Enter second number for addition:" gets stdin second_number set answer [expr $first_number + $second_number] puts "Addition of $first_number and $second_number is : $answer"
Output will be :
Enter first number for addition:
Enter second number for addition:
Addition of 33 and 11 is : 44


text:
When I type "product.name" or "product.id" into a cell, it's auto–formatted as a URL (different colour, underlined, hover shows it as an external link). But it's not a URL, it's plain text.
Similar text like "product.periodLength" isn't converted to a URL.
- How to set a Google Docs Spreadsheet cell format to bare text?
- How can I stop Google Sheets formatting a Forms response as a date?
I've tried setting the formatting to plain text and using a leading single quote ('), but it doesn't stop the text being formatted as a URL.


text:
Q: Why is the term "seed" used when a player is put into particular bracket in a sporting contest? Is it because the organizers try to "plant" the best players around so they don't meet until the playoffs?
A: The Oxford English Dictionary's entry for the sporting sense of the verb "seed" suggests that the usage evolved in the late 19th century as a tennis term.
The OED defines it as "to assign (to several of the better competitors) a position in an ordered list, so that those most highly ranked do not meet until the later stages of an elimination competition; to arrange (a draw or event) to this end."
The verb first appeared in print in 1898, the OED says, in this passage from the magazine American Lawn Tennis:
"Several years ago, it was decided to 'seed' the best players through the championship draw, and this was done for two or three years."
So the verb may have been around for several years before it was recorded in print. It obviously had staying power.
Here's another citation, from Spalding's Lawn Tennis Annual (1900): "It is generally advisable to 'seed' the draw in handicap tournaments so that the players in each class shall be separated as far as possible one from another."
The past participle and adjective "seeded" was used for events ("Longwood is never seeded," from 1911), as well as people ("three of the women who had been 'seeded' for the draw," 1929).
The noun "seed," meaning a seeded player, was slower to catch on. According to the OED, it was first used in print in 1933 in The Aldin Book of Outdoor Games, in a reference to "the Thibetan 'seed.' "
But why "seed"? The OED doesn't explain the connection, but we can speculate. The best players are deliberately spread around – "planted," as you suggest – so they aren't too close together in the early rounds.
The fact that seeding is an appropriate image explains why the term has found a place in the language of sports.
Now, of course, the term "seeded" is often used in a more general way to refer to a high-ranked team or player: "Kelly Robinson's cover was that of a top-seeded tennis pro."


text:
Encryption time and performance are much slower for Advanced Format Drives (AFD).
None. Only slow performance.
SEE Full Disk is not fully compatible with Advanced Format Drives. A workaround is needed in order for the drive to encrypt and perform at an acceptable level.
Solution and workaround is provided with SEE Full Disk v8.2.1 MP4 and later versions
Note: Symantec recommends that you back up the Windows Registry before making any changes.
To optimize encryption on these drives, perform the following steps:
1. Open your Windows Registry.
2. Go to the [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Encryption Anywhere\Hard Disk\Initial Computer Data] key.
3. Create a new DWORD Value and name it as EnableOptimization.
4. Set the Value data to 1. To disable optimization set the Value data to 0.
5. Restart the computer for the change to take effect.
The solution mentioned above has worked for both Hitachi and Western Digital Advanced Format Drives.


text:
how fast do nails grow?
Enter the experts, please...
How long does it take nails to grow? And, how much faster do they grow on the fingers? The old "rules of thumb" were:
- Fingernails: 6-8 months to grow out fully Thumbnails 8-12 months to grow out fully
- Small toenails 12 months to grow out fully
- Great toenails 12-18 months to grow out fully
Mr. William B. Bean studied his own nail growth for 35 years and published the data in Arch Intern Med, 1974, Vol. 134, 497-502 (30 yrs) and ibid, 1980, Vol. 140, p. 73-76 (35 yrs). He found that nails grow more slowly with age; growth rate at age 32 was 0.123mm/day, but by age 67 had decreased to0.095mm/day. No variation with geographical location, physical activity, or season.
Thumb nails grow faster then the rest of the fingernails. Great toe nails grow faster then other toenails. Toe nails grow slower then fingernails. Umm.... Just like you thought!


Students Against Depression
Harmless support people and their families who have issues surrounding self harm in the UK with a range of user led solutions. They also offer services to local government and organisations wanting more information about this condition. They also manage the Tomorrow Project which is a support structure for people who have suicidal thoughts.
PAPYRUS (prevention of young suicide)
PAPYPRUS is a charity that works in suicide prevention for young people. They run a national helpline as well as text and email support services. They are staffed by a team of mental health professionals who provide practical help and advice to vulnerable young people and to those concerned about any young person who may be at risk of suicide.


Inca Trail Names
Place names on the Inca Trail
Most of the names of places on the Inca Trail were invented by Hiram Bingham, and are unlikely to correspond to the original names used by the Incas. They also reflect Bingham's assumptions about the function or significance of the different locations, which may not always have been accurate.
For these translations, I am indebted to Martina Faller and Iñes Callalli Villafuerte, who were kind enough to provide me with a list of translations in both English and Spanish.
Spanish: Puente Alegre
English: Bridge of Happiness
cusi = happy; chaca = bridge
Spanish: (lugar donde) Se Limpia el Oro con el Viento
English: Gold-sifting Place
q'ori = gold; huayra = wind; -chi = causative; -na = nominalizer
Spanish: Pueblo de escalónes o pueblo alto
English: Step(ped) town or High town
pata = step or stair, or high; llacta = village or town
Spanish: Lugar de Pasto
English: Place of Good Pasture
huaylla = good pasture; bamba = place
Spanish: (lugar donde) Se Hace Ceremoniales
English: Place of Offerings
(etymology uncertain) [1]
Spanish: Mujer Muerta
English: Dead Woman
huarmi = woman; huanusca = dead
Spanish: Rio Escondido
English: Hidden River
mayo = river; pacay = to hide
Spanish: Ruinas Amontonadas
English: Pile of Ruins
runku = piled; racay = derelict house [2]
Spanish: Poblado Pendiente
English: Village (in a) Steep Place
sayac = steep, vertical; marca = village
Spanish: Pueblo Alto en las Nubes
English: Town High in the Clouds
phuyu = cloud; pata = high part; marca = village [3]
Huinay Huayna
Spanish: Joven Para Siempre
English: Forever Young
huinay = forever; huayna = young
Spanish: Puerta del Sol
English: Gateway of the Sun
inti = sun; punku = gate, door [4]
Machu Picchu
Spanish: Cima Vieja
English: Old Peak
machu = old; picchu = peak [5]
Huayna Picchu
Spanish: Cima Joven
English: Young Peak
huayna = young; picchu = peak


Take the 2-minute tour ×
What's the major difference between new technologies and placing pagefile on a separate flash drive? It seems to me that new technologies are just wrappers. Am I wrong?
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
up vote 0 down vote accepted
One can't ever put a pagefile on a flash drive! (What an idea.)
A pagefile can only exist on the system drive and is used for application code "overflow" when memory is full, as well as for the memory dump for a BSOD.
Readyboost is an old technology from the days when memory was costly, small and slow, intended to augment RAM memory with disk space. Do not use.
Superfetch is a technology to preload often-used applications into memory in order to speed their startup times, mostly for slow laptops.
Conclusion: They are not wrappers, but technologies meant to improve the performance of hardware-challenged computers.
share|improve this answer
A pagefile can be stored on another drive than the system drive (although it complains about memory dumps if you have no pagefile at all on the system drive). But it's right it should not be stored on a flash drive (if it even can), a flash drive is way too slow. – Snark Jan 11 '10 at 12:23
Your Answer


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World Giving Index
The World Giving Index is a Charities Aid Foundation report into charitable giving worldwide. The index uses data from Gallup and looked at three different areas of charity. Gallup asked people which of the following three charitable acts they have undertaken in the past month:
- donated money to an organisation?
- volunteered time to an organisation?
- helped a stranger, or someone they didn't know who needed help?
In 2011 New Zealand and Australia came at the top with 57% score followed by Ireland and Canada second equal and the United States and Switzerland third. It should be noted that the index reports on individual charitable giving and not as a nation so government pledges of aid are not included in the index.


Reaching Others University at Buffalo - The State University of New York
Skip to Content
Ian Malone
willy waste
Ian is an environmental studies major, a member of Alpha Kappa Chi, UB's professsional environmental fraternity, and an intern with the Office of Sustainability.
What does sustainability mean to you?
Sustainability to me means living in a way that lessens our impact on the planet and not depleting our resources to the point of making life harder for future generations.
What are you doing to help UB become more sustainable?
My contribution for helping UB be more sustainable is using less plastic and buying more locally, recycling more and informing friends about what can be recycled.
I am part of an environmental organization on campus which works towards informing people about sustainable living and how the way we are living now is negatively impacting the environment.
How has sustainability impacted your academic pursuits?
I am now fully invested in pursuing a career that supports living sustainable. My goal is to participate in changing the way we get energy and to move away from conventional gas or oil fuels.
I would like to people to know that even though I have a car, I still bike to as many places as possible. Living sustainable is possible for everyone and starts by changing the little things we do every day.
How could UB improve its sustainability efforts?
UB has made some big efforts to be more sustainable, from the new community bikes around campus to the massive composting facilities that we now have. But I believe that the biggest step towards being more sustainable would be to re-design the campus, around cars and driving everywhere, towards a campus in which students could walk to all of our necessities, such as grocery stores.


text:
With the increasing interest in the exploitation of micro-reactors, there is a growing demand for process monitoring and
control methods suitable for application in this environment. At present off-line analysis methods such as
chromatography and mass spectrometry are the dominant tools in the field. Although these methods provide
exceptionally rich chemical information they require removal of samples from the system and the analysis is not
instantaneous. In many microfluidic applications these limitations outweigh their benefits due to the importance of real-time
detection and the desired ability to analyze the fluid in different locations in the micro-reactor non-invasively.
Therefore optical detection methods such as fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy are becoming increasingly popular in
this field, with most attention being drawn to miniature integrated optical sensors. However, integration of sensors into a
micro-reactor can change the flow conditions and make the system difficult to scale out. It is also impossible to move the
integrated sensor along the flow path. These issues make on-chip process analysis a challenging subject that is still at the
early stages of development. This paper discusses opportunities for non-invasive process analysis in micro-reactors
focusing the main attention on Raman spectrometry as a powerful technique, whose potential in this field has not been
widely recognized yet. With a specially developed probe we demonstrate ability to monitor fluid delivery stability and
perform fast real-time analysis of a model esterification reaction. The discussed approach brings unique benefits to
kinetics studies, efficient process optimization and process control.


text:
etd AT Indian Institute of Science >
Division of Earth and Environmental Sciences >
Civil Engineering (civil) >
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
|Title: ||Stabilised Rammed Earth For Walls : Materials, Compressive Strength And Elastic Properties|
|Authors: ||Kumar, Prasanna P|
|Advisors: ||Reddy, B V Venkatarama|
|Keywords: ||Structural Analysis (Civil Engineering)|
Cement Stabilised Rammed Earth
Rammed Earth Buildings
Cement Stabilised Rammed Earth Walls
Rammed Earth - Strength
Rammed Earth - Elastic Properties
Soil - Stability
Stabilised Rammed Earth
|Submitted Date: ||Jul-2009|
|Series/Report no.: ||G23519|
|Abstract: ||Rammed earth is a technique of forming in-situ structural wall elements using rigid formwork. Advantages of rammed earth walls include flexibility in plan form, scope for adjusting strength and wall thickness, variety of textural finishes, lower embodied carbon and energy, etc. There is a growing interest in the construction of rammed earth buildings in the recent past. Well focused comprehensive studies in understanding the structural performance of rammed earth structures are scanty. Clear-cut guidelines on selecting soil grading and soil characteristics, assessing strength of rammed earth walls, density strength relationships, limits on shrinkage, standardised testing procedures, behaviour of rammed earth walls under in-plane and out of plane loads, etc are the areas needing attention. The thesis attempts to address some of these aspects of cement stabilized rammed earth for structural walls.
Brief history and developments in rammed earth construction with illustrations of rammed earth buildings are presented. A review of the literature on rammed earth has been provided under two categories: (a) Unstabilised or pure rammed earth and (b) stabilised rammed earth. Review of the existing codes of practice on rammed earth has also been included. Summary of the literature on rammed earth along with points requiring attention for further R&D are discussed. Objectives and scope of the thesis are listed.
The thesis deals with an extensive experimentation on cement stabilised rammed earth (CSRE) specimens and walls. Four varieties of specimens (cylindrical, prisms, wallettes and full scale walls) were used in the experiments. A natural soil and its reconstituted variants were used in the experimental work. Details of the experimental programme, characteristics of raw materials used in the experimental investigations, methods of preparing different types of specimens and their testing procedures are discussed in detail.
Influence of soil grading, cement content, moulding water content, density and delayed compaction on compaction characteristics and strength of cement stabilised soil mixes were examined. Five different soil gradings with clay content ranging between 9 and 31.6% and three cement contents (5%, 8% and 12%) were considered. Effect of delayed compaction (time lag) on compaction characteristics and compressive strength of cement stabilised soils was examined by monitoring the results up to 10 hours of time lag. Influence of moulding water content and density on compressive strength and water absorption of cement stabilised soils was examined considering for a range of densities and water contents. The results indicate that (a) there is a considerable difference between dry and wet compressive strength of CSRE prisms, and the strength decreases as the moisture content at the time of testing increases, (b) wet strength is less than that of dry strength and the ratio between wet to dry strength depends upon the clay fraction of soil mix and cement content, (c) saturated moisture content depends upon the cement content and the clay content of the soil mix, (d) optimum clay percentage yielding maximum compressive strength is about 16%, (e) compressive strength of compacted cement stabilised soil increases with increase in density irrespective of cement content and moulding moisture content, and the strength increases by 300% for 20% increase in density from 15.70 kN/m3, (f) compressive strength of rammed earth is one - third higher than that of rammed earth brick masonry and (g) density decreases with increase in time lag and there is 50% decrease in strength with 10 hour time lag.
Stress-strain relationships and elastic properties of cement stabilised rammed earth are essential for the analysis of CSRE structural elements and understanding the structural behaviour of CSRE walls. Influence of soil composition, density, cement content and moisture on stress-strain relationships of CSRE was studied. Three different densities (15.7 – 19.62 kN/m3) and three cement percentages (5%, 8% and 12% by weight) were considered for CSRE. Stress-strain characteristics of CSRE and rammed earth brick masonry were compared. The results reveal that (a) in dry condition the post peak response shows considerable deformation (strain hardening type behaviour) beyond the peak stress and ultimate strain values at failure (dry state) are as high as 3.5%, which is unusual for brittle materials, (b) modulus for CSRE increases with increase in density as well as cement content and there is 1 to 3 times increase as the cement content changes from 5% to 12%. Similarly the modulus increases by 2.5 to 5 times as the dry density increases from 15.7 to 19.62 kN/m3 and (c) the modulus of CSRE and masonry in dry state are nearly equal, whereas in wet state masonry has 20% less modulus.
Compressive strength and behavior of storey height CSRE walls subjected to concentric compression was studied. The results of the wall strength were compared with those of wallette and prism strengths. The wall strength decreases with increase in slenderness ratio. There is nearly 30% reduction in strength as the height to thickness ratio increases from 4.65 to 19.74. It was attempted to calculate the ultimate compressive strength of CSRE walls using the tangent modulus theory. At higher slenderness ratios, there is a close agreement between the experimental and predicted values. The storey height walls show lateral deflections as the load approaches failure. The walls did not show visible buckling and the shear failure patterns indicate material failure. The shear failures noticed in the storey height walls resemble the shear failures of short height wallette specimens.
The thesis ends with a summary of the results with concluding remarks in the last chapter.|
|Appears in Collections:||Civil Engineering (civil)|
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