Task 1 (Table) – Changes in modes of travel in England between 1985 and 2000
Describe the information in the table and make comparisons where appropriate.
Write at least 150 words.
Average distance in miles travelled per person per year
Model Answer 1:
The line graph delineates how the vehicle preferences of British changed over the time by comparing the average distance an English travelled using different modes of carriers in 1985 and 2000. Overall, cars were British citizen's primary mode of transportation and taxi was the least used mode of travel for them.
As the data suggests, an English travelled more than 6400 miles on an average in a year which was almost 36% higher than the distance an average Brit travelled in 1985. Car use predominated this total travel as more than 4800 miles out of 6400 in 2000 were crossed using automobiles and a similar trend was seen in 1985. Use of personal cars in truth increased over the time, as the data outlines. Reliance on buses was higher than train and bicycle use and despite an average 255 miles walking by a Brit in 1985, it decreased after 15 years.
Taxi was perhaps the least preferred mode of commuting as only 13 miles were travelled by a British using it in 1985 which, despite an increase in 2000, was ignorable. Train travel hiked in 2000 while distance travelled by British in local buses dropped. All other transportations contributed to 585 miles of travel by a Brit in 2000, an increase than that of 1985.
Model Answer 2:
The table data outlines transportation preference by British commuters between 1985 and 2000. As is obvious, cars were the most common means of travelling in the two mentioned years in the UK.
Interestingly, British did not use taxi quite often back in 1985 – only 13 miles per year was cut by every citizen which made the taxi the least common mode of transportation this year. However, this number increased to 42 miles per person in 2000. On the other hand, bicycles were one of the least used vehicles in 2000 covering only 41 passenger miles. It is clear that cars were still on top of preference among commuters, increasing from 3199 miles in 1985 to 4806 miles in 2000. Walking habits remained almost the same by British while the use of local bus declined. Each passenger travelled around 250 miles per year in trains and that rose to over 350 after 15 years.
In summary, the overall distance travelled by an English citizen went up from 4740 to 6475 miles in 15 years and the car was the primary means of transportation for them.
[Author – Malaa]
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People stop feeling young at 40 years, 8 months and 2 weeks
It's been said that life begins at 40, but it might be more accurate to say that mid-life begins at 40.
A British Government poll has revealed that the age at which we should stop calling ourselves young is 40 years, eight months and two weeks.
More surprisingly, the Britons surveyed believe that old age begins at 59 years, two months and two weeks, the Daily Mail reported.
The poll, for the Department for Work and Pensions, spoke to 2,171 people aged 16 or over and uncovered stark variations in the views of men and women and different age groups.
Men say being young stops at 38 and a half. For women the cut-off is delayed until 42 years, nine months and three months.
Old age, according to women, begins at 60 years, four months and two weeks. But for men, it is much earlier - at 58.
The gap may be down to men placing more emphasis on diminishing strength as a mark of ageing, or because women tend to live longer.
As many might expect, the definition of old age goes back in later life. Under-50s said it begins at 46 years and nine months. For those age 50-plus, old age starts at 62 years, seven months and two weeks.
While 16- to 24-year-olds said being young ends at 32, for those aged 80-plus the answer was 52.
This is not far short of when the youngest group said old age begins - 54.
The Department for Work and Pensions said 'the disparity in perceptions' showed 'the potential for age stereotypes to be applied in very inconsistent ways'.
Class and income may also be factors, as unemployed said being young ends nine years earlier than those with full time jobs.
People who lived in council houses tended to believe old age started five years earlier than those who owned their home outright.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


DMG MORI Technology Excellence
TULIP APPs for Assembly
Digitize step-by-step the work instructions in your production. This allows you to guide your employees systematically through assembly and other manual production steps to reduce sources of error and increase productivity.
Challenges in the assembly
Highly complex and diverse assemblies require precise work instructions to prevent human error. Often currently used, text-heavy paper-based work instructions tend to lead to errors, hurting your employees' productivity.
Interactive work instructions with TULIP APPs
With TULIP you can quickly and easily create intuitive and fully customizable work instructions that guide your employees step-by-step through the manufacturing processes. In this way you reduce errors before they occur.
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Complete integration
Integrate images, video, PDF documents or component drawings as well as IoT devices and logic to provide employees with exactly the information they need to perform processes quickly and accurately.
Optimal monitoring of your machine park
Audit logs and digital approval processes guarantee 100% traceability of the processes. Manage roles and authorizations to protect your data. Use digital history records for compliance with batch records, device records or device logs.


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In vivo Simultaneous Monitoring by Pt - disk Microelectrodes of Intracerebral Hydrogen Peroxide and Dopamine in Rats
A technique was developed for simultaneous monitoring of temporal changes in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and dopamine (DA) levels by using Pt-disk microelectrodes (φ 30 μm). H2O2 and DA were determined by differential double-pulse amperometry (for H2O2; 1st step, 750 mV, 1000 ms; 2nd step, 1100 mV, 1000 ms: for DA; 1st step, 150 mV, 600 ms; 2nd step, 250 mV, 50 ms). The electrode for H2O2 or DA is capable of determining each target substance and these substances do not interfere with each other. For an in vivo application, the electrodes were implanted into the striatum of rats and used successfully to monitor intrastriatal changes in H2O2 and DA simultaneously after intraperitoneal injection of methamphetamine while the animals were moving freely.
- Chemistry letters
Chemistry letters 1999(6), 497-498, 1999-06-05
The Chemical Society of Japan

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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1/ General required documents for filing Patent/Utility Model Registration in Vietnam (Patent Registration)
In order to file a Patent Application in Vietnam, please provide us with the following documents:
- Instruction letter containing Title of the Invention, name(s) and address(es) of the Applicant(s) and Inventor(s);
- Power of Attorney (POA) – Original
- Specification, claim, abstract and drawing (if any) in English – via email is acceptable
2/ General information for Patent/Utility Model Registration in Vietnam
- In Vietnam the deadline for PCT Patent application entering into National phase 31 months from Priority date and Paris Convention application is 12 months from the Priority date.
- Power of Attorney forms need to be filed, but neither notarization nor legalization is required. If the forms cannot be submitted at filing, it is possible to file late as a response to the IP Vietnam's Notification of Deficiencies (at a cost) within one month, with an extension of further two months, from the date of Office Action.
- Assignments are only required if the applicant of the priority application is different to the applicant of the Vietnamese application, or, the applicant is an individual but not an inventor of the application.
- Examination request can be filed either at filing or later. Deadline for request for substantive examination is 42 months for inventions and 36 months for utility solutions, either from priority date or from filing date if no priority is claimed.
- A certified copy of the Priority Document (for Paris Convention application) is required within three months from the filing date (with details needed at filing). Only the priority data is required at the time of filing (application number, filing date and country).
- In regard of providing Vietnamese translation of a patent application we would like to advise you that according to the current patent regulations, Vietnamese translation of a patent specification is required at filing. Therefore, we try to complete the translation to submit it at application filing date instructed by clients. We would highly appreciate it if a patent specification in English is sent to our firm in a well time so that we could have sufficient duration of time to do translation and to review in order to ensure its best quality before submission.
3/ Requirement or limitation about computer related inventions:
Requirement: Patents involving computer programs are a form of "patents made by computers", This phrase refers to subjects related to computers, computer networks or other programmable devices, in which features of claimed subject matters are carried out by computer programs.
Although computer programs are on the list of those which are not protected as patents but if the claims have technical characteristics and are really a technical solution, in order to solve a technical problems using technical means to produce a technical effect, they may be protected as patents. For example, a data processing operation is controlled by a computer program that theoretically could be done equally by special circuits, and the implementation of programs is always accompanied by physical effects, such as electrical current, and ordinary physical effects themselves are not sufficient for computer programs to have technical characteristics. However, if a computer program that, when run on a computer, creating other technical effects, in addition to the normal physical effects, then that program is capable of being protected as patents. These other technical effects may be known from prior arts. Technical effects in the above cases may be, for example, in controlling an industrial process, in processing data representing physical entities or in the performance of the main functions within the computer or its interface under the impact of this program and may, for example, affect the performance or safety of the process, the management of resources of the computer or the data transfer rate on the transmission line. Therefore, a computer program can be regarded as capable of being protected as patents if the program, when run on a computer, can create technical effects beyond the typical interaction between the program and the computer.
Limitation: However, even in the case of a computer program capable of being protected as inventions as described above, in the claims, the subject matters represented by phrases such as "computer programs", "computer software", "computer program/software product", or "program-carrying signal", and other similar terms are not acceptable. A computer program can be protected as subject matters, for example, methods to operate a conventional device, devices installed to carry out a method, carriers containing programs to carry out a method.
4/ Subject matters not protected as inventions
The following subject matters shall not be protected as inventions:
1. Discoveries, scientific theories; mathematical methods;
2. Schemes, plans, rules or methods for performing mental acts, training domestic animals, playing games, doing business; computer programs;
3. Presentations of information;
4. Solutions of aesthetic characteristics only;
5. Plant varieties, animal varieties;
6. Processes of essentially biological nature for the production of plants and animals other than microbiological processes;
7. Disease prevention, diagnostic and treatment methods for human or animals.


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MySQL: Increment an exisitng value
This slick MySQL syntax allows you to increment or decrement an existing number in a table without first having to read the value. This is a nice way to increment an access counter.
To increment the value 'counter' by one for the row in table 'images' where 'image_id' is '15', use:
UPDATE images SET counter=counter+1 WHERE image_id=15
To decrement the value, use 'counter=counter-1′ instead. Incrementing or decrementing by other values (or using whatever valid arithmetic arm flexing you need) will work, too.
Follow the reactions below and share your own thoughts.


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What does ADA mean in Universities?
This page is about the meanings of the acronym/abbreviation/shorthand ADA in the Academic & Science field in general and in the Universities terminology in particular.
Find a translation for ADA in other languages:
Select another language:
What does ADA mean?
- adenosine deaminase, ADA(noun)
- an enzyme found in mammals that can catalyze the deamination of adenosine into inosine and ammonia


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Today's Prayer Times in Saint-Norbert. Did you try the Athan Clock on a TV screen or tablet?
Features of Athan Clock:
- Different designs
- Different Languages
- Adjust prayer time settings
- Add logo, weather, image, text, etc.
- Print prayer times calendar
- And a lot of other features....
It's completely free, so create an account now and discover the possibilities!
Prayer Times in Quran
After the testimony of Faith, Salah (prayer) is the second major pillar of Islam. So Salah is an obligation for every Muslim to perform it on time. Muslims from all across the globe perform Salah five times a day:
Like Ramadan, Hajj and Friday prayer, Salah is also one of the rituals that must be performed within the correct time frame. If a prayer is performed before the prescribed time, the Salah will not be accepted. One must repeat this prayer when the time comes. At the same time, people are disobedient when a prayer is made too late. Allah has ordered us in ayah 103 of Surah 4 to perform the prayers at least (there are some other conditions) within the right time in order to get a prayer accepted!
Calculation Method for the prayer times in Saint-Norbert
The Calculation method for the prayer times in Saint-Norbert is based on the Islamic Society of North America (ISNA). This method is using 15 degrees for Angle of the sun under the horizon (Fajr) and 15 degrees Angle of the sun under the horizon (Isha). Parts of the USA, Canada, Parts of the UK use this method.
The difference between Standard and Hanafi
The only difference is in the Asr prayer. The schools of Shafii, Hanbali, and Maliki use this method and Asr time starts when the shadow of an object is equivalent to its height. In the Hanafi method the Asr prayer time starts when the shadow of an object is twice its height. We use the standard method, so If your local mosque is using the Hanafi method you need to change this at the general prayer times page.
Latitude, Longitude and Time zone of Saint-Norbert
To calculate the prayer times for Saint-Norbert, we need to know the latitude, longitude and the local timezone of Saint-Norbert. We try to detect the longitude, latitude and timezone of your current city or town automatically. If you face any difference in prayer timings according to your current location then please confirm the latitude and longitude first at the general prayer times page. In addition, you can also find a GPS functionality at this page. You can also adjust other settings for the calculation for the prayer times of Saint-Norbert. But please be careful!
Daylight Saving Time
Daylight Saving Time (DST) is the practice of setting the clocks forward one hour from standard time during the summer months (summer time), and back again in the fall (winter time), in order to make better use of natural strong daylight. The prayer times widget is adjusting the daylight savings automatically according to your location.
Are the Prayer Times in Saint-Norbert accurate?
We have explained above what calculation method is used to show the prayer times for Saint-Norbert. However, it is possible that your local mosque is using a different method. If this is the case then we recommend you to follow the prayer times of your local mosque. In addition, we would greatly appreciate it if you take the time to inform us by using the contact form about the differences so we can adjust the prayer times of Saint-Norbert.


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Same Soul, Many Bodies (Kobo eBook)
The bestselling author of Many Lives, Many Masters breaks new ground to reveal how progression therapy into future lives can help transform us in the present.
How often have you wished you could peer into the future? In Same Soul, Many Bodies, Brian L. Weiss, MD, shows us how. Through envisioning our lives to come, we can influence their outcome and use this process to bring more joy and healing to our present lives. Dr. Weiss pioneered regression therapy—guiding people through their past lives. Here, he goes beyond that to demonstrate the therapeutic benefits of progression therapy—guiding people through the future in a scientific, responsible, and healing way.
Through dozens of case histories detailing both past-life and future-life experiences, Dr. Weiss shows how the choices that we make now will determine our future quality of life. From Samantha, who overcame academic failure once she learned of her future as a great physician, to Evelyn, whose fears and prejudices ended after she envisioned prior and forthcoming lives as a hate victim, Dr. Weiss gives concrete examples of lives transformed by regression and progression therapy.
A groundbreaking work, Same Soul, Many Bodies is sure to deeply affect peoples' lives as they strive toward their future


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Our viscosity modifiers are high molecular weight polymers which change the temperature dependence of the viscosity of a liquid lubricant. These polymeric additives reduce mineral oil thinning as temperature increases. Polymers used as viscosity modifiers in oil have three critical attributes: improved viscosity index, enhanced thickening efficiency, and appropriate shear stability.
Liquid viscosity modifiers are used for ease of handling when preparing industrial fluids and lubricants.
Solid viscosity modifiers are more convenient and economical when large quantities of additives are required and the equipment necessary to granulate the solid form of the product is available.
The active thickeners in our viscosity modifiers are ethylene/propylene copolymers or proprietary polymers.
- Viscosity Modifiers are listed in the Industrial Catalog
- Technical Data Sheets
- Safety Data Sheets
- For more information on polymethacrylate viscosity modifiers, check the Polymethacrylate section.
- Table: Solid EPDM Typical Properties
- Article: TLT Viscosity Modifiers
- Technical Note: Compatibility of Polymers and Base Oils
- Technical Note: Polymer Additives for Improvement of Viscosity Index
- Technical Note: Shear Stability
- Technical Note: Mechanisms of Polymer Gelation
- Sales Data: V-235
- Sales Data: V-255


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(FTI) provides for improved
searching of a Lotus Notes/Domino database. As issues with the FTI
are encountered, the troubleshooting steps below will offer a general means
of offering relief.
Confirming a Full-Text Index Error
An indication of an error or issues encountered with a FTI may include
FTI errors in the local or server log as well as errors when performing
a Full Text search. If encountered, appropriate actions should be
taken in order to resolve the issue.
Full-text Index Errors
offers a broad listing of errors encountered with FTI's.
Understanding the Scope
An essential focus point to resolving any FTI-related issue is to understand
the scope of the impact. A general breakpoint is determining if the
impact is isolated to a single database or if the scope includes all full-text
indexes created by a Lotus Notes client or Lotus Domino server.
Single Database Errors
Often, single database FTI errors are easily resolved by deleting
the current FTI
a new FTI
. If recreating
the FTI for the impacted database does not resolve the issue, please ensure
that the query is understandable and does not conflict with the reserved
words as defined in "Full-text
Should you find that your query is appropriate and recreating the FTI does
not offer relief, please proceed to Eliminating Other Potential Issues.
Multiple Database Errors
If multiple databases are impacted, attempt to recreate the FTI for any
of the databases. If errors are encountered upon the deletion or
subsequent creation, ensure that an anti-virus solution is not interrupting
the ability to successfully complete the FTI recreation. If this
is not the case and multiple attempts to recreate multiple FTIs fail, a
reinstallation of the Lotus Notes or Lotus Domino, dependent on the location
of the error occurrence, installation is required as the FTI DLLs may be
Should you find that a reinstallation of the Lotus Notes client or Lotus
Domino server not offer relief, please proceed to Eliminating Other
Eliminating Other Potential Issues
When initial troubleshooting techniques have proven no relief in FTI issues,
a subsequent step is to address potential corruption of the database for
with the FTI was created. This is achieved as follows:
1. Run Fixup
against the impacted database. Subsequently run Updall
-X against the impacted database as well.
2. If the issue is not resolved, create a new
replica of the impacted database. Using the new replica, attempt
to create a FTI.
3. If the issue is not resolved, copy the design
of the impacted database and create a new database with the design copy.
Once the documents from the old database have been copied over, attempt
to create an FTI with the new database.
Should you find that the recommended corruption resolution steps have not
offered relief, please proceed to Support Assistance.
If none of the recommendations in this full-text index troubleshooting
guide have offered relief for the full-text issues that have been encountered,
please contact Lotus
prepared to provide the following information so that a support engineer
can assist with the issue in the most efficient manner:
- The version of Lotus Notes or Lotus
Domino that the FTI issues have been reproduced on.
- The Operating System where Lotus Notes
or Lotus Domino is installed.
- The error message that is displayed
either in a Lotus Notes client dialogue or in a log file.
- The operation that produces the error,
- The size of the database that
is producing the error as well as an OS-level copy of the database, if


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Published: Oct 12, 2018
With respect to Radiation Protection, detriment is a term used to describe the 'total harm' experienced by exposing a population (and their descendants) to Internal Radiation. ICRP uses detriment to effectively sum all the Risks (probabilities) that exposure to ionising radiations might produce. For example it will include probability of fatal cancer induction, non-fatal cancer induction (and therefore years of life lost). It therefore as the dimensions of probability and thus can be expressed as a risk. In ICRP publication 60, radiation detriment is developed and used to derived Dose Limits.


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Adding depth to BBQ sauce can take your grilled meats and dishes to a whole new level of flavor. Whether you're a BBQ aficionado or just starting out, understanding how to enhance the taste and richness of your sauce is essential. In this article, we'll explore some techniques and ingredients that can help you achieve that desired depth.
Caramelization is a key process that adds depth to any sauce, including BBQ sauce.
When sugars in the sauce begin to break down and brown, they create complex flavors that enhance the overall taste. To achieve caramelization, you can:
- Use brown sugar: Replace some or all of the white sugar in your recipe with brown sugar. The molasses content in brown sugar contributes to caramelization.
- Sauté onions: Sautéing onions before adding them to your sauce not only adds depth but also imparts a sweet and savory flavor.
2. Smoky Elements
A smoky flavor is an integral part of any good BBQ sauce.
It creates an authentic taste that reminds us of grilling outdoors over an open flame. Here are some ways to incorporate smoky elements into your sauce:
- Add liquid smoke: Liquid smoke is a concentrated form of smoke flavor that can be easily added to your sauce in small amounts for an instant smoky boost.
- Grill or smoke ingredients: Grill or smoke some of the ingredients used in your sauce before blending them together. This method infuses the flavors with natural smokiness.
3. Spice it up!
A bit of spiciness can add depth and complexity to your BBQ sauce.
It can elevate the flavor profile and provide a pleasant heat. Consider these options:
- Add chili powder or flakes: Incorporate chili powder or flakes to give your sauce a kick. Adjust the amount according to your preference for heat.
- Experiment with different peppers: Try using jalapenos, chipotle peppers, or other hot peppers to bring unique flavors and levels of spiciness to your sauce.
4. Vinegar Tang
A tangy element is crucial in balancing the sweetness and richness of BBQ sauce.
Vinegar not only adds acidity but also helps to deepen the overall flavor. Here's how you can incorporate vinegar:
- Use apple cider vinegar: Apple cider vinegar is a popular choice for BBQ sauces as it provides a fruity tang that pairs well with smoky flavors.
- Mix different types of vinegar: Experiment with combinations of apple cider vinegar, white vinegar, or balsamic vinegar to create a unique tang that complements your sauce.
5. Slow Simmering
The longer you simmer your BBQ sauce, the more time it has to develop depth and complexity.
Slow simmering allows all the flavors to meld together, resulting in a rich and flavorful sauce. Consider these tips:
- Covered cooking: Simmer your sauce covered on low heat for an extended period, stirring occasionally to prevent sticking.
- Add liquid gradually: Start with less liquid initially and gradually add more as needed while simmering. This helps concentrate the flavors and create a thicker consistency.
By incorporating these techniques and ingredients, you can add depth to your BBQ sauce and elevate the taste of your grilled dishes. Feel free to experiment with different combinations until you find the perfect balance of flavors for your palate. Happy grilling!


Why does yooz leak liquid?
Why does yooz grapefruit leak liquid? Many users of yooz grapefruit have long been troubled by the problem of Vape leakage, so why does yooz grapefruit leak liquid? To understand this, we must first figure out the cause of yooz pomelo leakage.
 1. Why does yooz grapefruit leak liquid?
In fact, liquid leakage from electronic atomization is a relatively common phenomenon, and the mainstream electronic atomization products currently on the market basically have such problems. It can be said that if you choose electronic atomization, you must accept and understand such a phenomenon. This is not a question of which agency or brand. It is a common industry problem, and yooz vape pod system grapefruit is no exception.
In fact, in many cases, the liquid leaks when the manufacturer sends it to the distributors, and the distributors are helpless. Under normal circumstances, slight liquid leakage in the cartridge is a normal phenomenon, as long as you open the package and wipe it clean and install it, it will not affect normal use.
 1. Is it condensate or leaking liquid?
Another situation is that condensate will appear during the operation of the atomizer, which is mistaken for leaking by the user. Therefore, we must first learn to distinguish the difference between condensate and smoke liquid.
How is the condensate produced? Generally speaking, the smoke liquid is not inhaled after being atomized. The PG (alcohol fusion agent) in the smoke liquid is condensed in the air to form a liquid containing a small amount of smoke liquid. Inhalation will eventually taste sweet and irritating. Let everyone mistake it for leaking liquid. The color of the condensed night is dark brown, and the liquid leaked by the smoke bomb is mainly light yellow, which is still very different.
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This depends very much on the type of application you run. If you've got applications which are very trigger-happy WRT syscalls you can expect to see high amounts of context switching. If most of your applications idle around and only wake up when there's stuff happening on a socket, you can expect to see low context switch rates.
System calls cause context switches by their very own nature. When a process does a system call, it basically tells the kernel to take over from it's current point in time and memory to do stuff the process isn't privileged to do, and return to the same spot when it's done.
When we look at the definition of the write(2) syscall from Linux, this becomes very clear:
write - write to a file descriptor
ssize_t write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count);
write() writes up to count bytes from the buffer pointed buf to the file
referred to by the file descriptor fd. [..]
On success, the number of bytes written is returned (zero indicates
nothing was written). On error, -1 is returned, and errno is set
This basically tells the kernel to take over operation from the process, move up to
count bytes, starting from the memory address pointed at by
*buf to file descriptor
fd of the current process and then return back to the process and tell him how it went.
A nice example to show this is the dedicated game server for Valve Source based games, hlds. _URL_ shows one second worth of syscalls done by a single instance of a game server which had no players on it. This process takes about 3% CPU time on a Xeon X3220 (2.4Ghz), just to give you a feeling for how expensive this is.
Another source of context switching might be processes which don't do syscalls, but need to get moved off a given CPU to make room for other processes.
A nice way to visualize this is cpuburn. cpuburn doesn't do any syscalls itself, it just iterates over it's own memory, so it shouldn't cause any context switching.
Take an idle machine, start vmstat and then run a burnMMX (or any different test from the cpuburn package) for every CPU core the system has. You should have full system utilization by then but hardly any increased context switching. Then try to start a few more processes. You'll see that the context switching rate increases as the processes begin to compete over CPU cores. The amount of switching depends on the processes/core ratio and the multitasking resolution of your kernel.
linfo.org has a nice writeup on what context switches and system calls are. Wikipedia has generic information and a nice link collection on System calls.


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Skill concentration.png Concentration (Constitution)
Allows you a chance to continue casting a spell after being damaged or otherwise interrupted. When you take damage you roll a D20 + your Concentration score against a difficulty class of 10 + one tenth of the damage received + the level of the spell you are trying to cast. This check occurs when either casting from spellpoints or using a scroll.
The Quicken metamagic eliminates the check when casting a spell from spellpoints while it is active, however, as scrolls cannot be quickened and Quicken costs spellpoints, the skill is still useful even with the Quicken metamagic.
Even if you succeed on the Concentration check, your spell can still be interrupted, for example if you are tripped or held.
This skill is also important for monks as their ability to retain Ki is tied to Concentration.


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To store the audit log in an additional third-party storage, to send a notification, or just monitor the "logged" events, implement an IAuditLogger with its single Log method and register it in the container (a name is required):
For more details on implementation, refer to the ElasticsearchAuditLogger GitHub project.
NOTE: The Log method is called synchronously during event handling, which means that the time your logging takes is added to the overall operation time (for example, to publishing an item). Plan carefully the performance implications and if needed, introduce some asynchronicity in your code. Alternatively, introduce an out-of-process message queue or a logging agent to ensure the quick completion of the operation.
To implement audit for your custom events or for Sitefinity's events not implemented out-of-the-box, either construct an AuditInfo instance and the Log method of all registered loggers:
Alternatively, register an event handler along with the corresponding converters as demonstrated by the following code:
To augment the logged event information, for instance loading additional information, implement an IAuditInfoProcessor with its single Process method and register it the container (the name is required).
Following is an example code that adds the display name of the current user (first name and last name) to each log entry:
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My 6 (almost 7!!) year old is fascinated with sharks! Like completely enthralled with these sea creatures!! Thank goodness he has been raised on an island where a variety of sharks are in the plenty.
He thoroughly enjoyed making this paper plate shark visor. It was simple enough that he made it independently and it has to do with sharks…what could be better for him?!
You will need: paper plate, scissors, hole puncher, yarn, markers, glue, and construction paper.
1. Cut a paper plate in half.
2. Using the construction paper, cut small triangles for the teeth.
3. Decorate the top of the paper plate (shark's face) with markers (crayons, colored pencils, etc.).
4. Glue the small triangles (shark's teeth) on the bottom of the paper plate.
5. Punch 2 holes at the top of the plate (by the shark's eyes).
6. Tie the yarn in both holes large enough to fit around your child's head.
7. Have your little one go sport their new, one-of-a-kind paper plate shark visor! Have fin!! 🙂
Some of our personal favorite shark books and toys include:
This post contains affiliate links. Letters In The Sand will receive a small commission from any purchases you make from these links at no additional cost to you. Thank you for your support.


text: The effects of unions on productivity and firm performance have been the topic of extensive research. Existing studies have, however, primarily focused on firm-level bargaining and on markets that are characterised by a small and fixed number of identical firms. This paper studies how different unionisation structures affect firm productivity and firm performance in a monopolistic competition model with heterogeneous firms and free entry. While centralised bargaining induces tougher selection among heterogeneous producers and thus increases average productivity, firm-level bargaining allows less productive entrants to remain in the market. Centralised bargaining also results in higher average output and profit levels than either decentralised bargaining or a competitive labour market. From the perspective of consumers, the choice between centralised and decentralised bargaining involves a potential trade-off between product variety and product prices.


text:
September 1, 2012
Filed under UK
Tags: brrr, climate, climate change, cold, cold 2012, cold record, coldest August, coldest Summer, freeze, freezing, frost, global cooling, Global Freeze, global freezing, global warming, record cold, temperature, temperatures, UK, unusual cold, unusually cold, weather
31 Aug 2012
Some of us just had our coldest August night on record. Temperatures fell into single figures for most of the UK – low enough for a touch of ground frost in rural spots this morning.
March 14, 2012
Filed under australia
Tags: australia, brrr, climate, climate change, cold, cold 2012, cold record, cold summer, cold weather, coldest Summer, freeze, freezing, global cooling, Global Freeze, global freezing, global warming, record cold, record cold summer, summer, temperature, temperatures, unusual cold, unusually cold, weather
February 17, 2012
Filed under australia, Sydney
Tags: australia, climate, climate change, cold, cold record, coldest Summer, coldest Summer 2012, coldest summer on record, global cooling, Global Freeze, global freezing, global warming, La Nina, record cold, record cold summer, Southern Hemisphere, summer, Sydney, temperature, temperatures, weather
February 15, 2012
WESTERN Sydney is experiencing its coldest summer on record thanks to cloud and rain associated with the La Nina weather cycle.
Tom Saunders, senior meteorologist at The Weather Channel, said Penrith had experienced average maximum temperatures of 26.2C, while Parramatta recorded an average of 24.6C.
Blacktown hit an average 25C.
Meanwhile, Sydney was only able to record an average 24.6C, putting it on track for the coldest summer since 1953.
January 31, 2012
Filed under australia, Sydney
Tags: australia, climate, climate change, cold record, cold spell, cold summer, cold Summer 2012, coldest Summer, coolest start to summer, global cooling, Global Freeze, global freezing, global warming, La Nina, record cold, record cold summer, record cold weather, summer, Sydney, temperature, temperatures, unusual cold, unusually cold, weather
January 30, 2012
Sydney has just ended its longest summer spell below 30 degrees in 15 years, weatherzone.com.au reports.
After a 60-day break, Sydney has finally reached 30 degrees, ending the longest summer run below 30 since 1996/97. In that summer there were 61 consecutive days below 30 degrees.
The record number of consecutive summer days below 30 degrees is 90, set in 1952/53. During that summer, not one day reached 30 degrees.
December 18, 2011
RETAILERS preparing for the last-minute Christmas rush are expecting stronger sales than last year but recent chilly weather could see clothing stores miss out on the spree.
The unusually cold start to summer across the country, including Sydney's coldest start to the season in half a century, is hurting clothing and shoe sales, the Australian Retailers Association (ARA) said.
December 4, 2011
Thunderstorms are helping Sydney achieve its coolest start to summer in 51 years, according to weatherzone.com.au.
December 02, 2011
MOTHER Nature missed her cue as Melbourne yesterday shivered through its coldest start to summer in 15 years.
01 September 2011
Much of Britain suffered the coldest summer for almost two decades, Met Office statistics show.
As Britons return to work today after a soggy Bank Holiday weekend, official weather data reveals that average temperatures were significantly down on recent years.
The UK's average temperature from June 1 to August 15 was only 57F (13.9C) – the lowest for 13 years.


Question: What Does Nocturne Mean?
Which is the best definition of a nocturne?
What are characteristics of a nocturne?
What is the opposite of Nocturne?
diurnalNocturnal means 'done, occurring, or active at night'. Its opposite is diurnal, though this term is not as common. There is also a zoological term to describe animals that are active in twilight: they are known as crepuscular.
How many nocturnes are there?
Eighteen nocturnes were published by the composer in the following opuses: 9, 15, 27, 32, 37, 48, 55 and 62. There are also two nocturnes not published by Chopin: a Nocturne in E minor (disputed date of composition) and a short Nocturne in C minor.
What's the difference between Nocturne and serenade?
As nouns the difference between serenade and nocturne is that serenade is a love song that is sung directly to one's love interest, especially one performed below the window of a loved one in the evening while nocturne is a work of art relating or dedicated to the night.
What genre is Nocturne?
A nocturne (from the French which meant nocturnal, from Latin nocturnus) is usually a musical composition that is inspired by, or evocative of, the night. Historically, nocturne is a very old term applied to night Offices and, since the Middle Ages, to divisions in the canonical hour of Matins.
What does no mean in music?
It's common for a set of similar pieces to be grouped together under a single opus number. In this case, they have a subsidiary "number" (no.). For instance, Beethoven's piano sonatas 1-3 are grouped together in Op 2, so are Op 2 No 1 etc.
What does Opus and number mean in music?
From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Opus or the shortened form op. after the title of a piece of music means "work". It is followed by a number. When a composer writes their first piece of music it is followed by the term "opus 1".
Is Nocturne good lol?
Nocturne 10.25 Nocturne Build 10.25 ranks as an C-Tier pick for the Jungle role in Season 10. This champion currently has a Win Rate of 51.84% (Good), Pick Rate of 3.07% (High), and a Ban Rate of 0.51% (Low).
How do you make a nocturne?
Write or improvise a solo piano piece first (some composers like Claude Debussy expanded their nocturnes with orchestrations for larger ensembles) Take a simple melody or folk-based melody and embellish it with some chromatic notes as decoration. Write a bridge, or B section, and then return to the first melody.
What is the movie Nocturne about?
What does Nocturne mean in music?
What does the end of Nocturne mean?
Moira's Death & Ghost Explained When Nocturne begins, Moira is seen playing the violin. Inexplicably, she jumps from her practice room window to her death. … It is the ghosts way of telling Juliet that, if she continues following the magic, she will end up like her. This is an omen of what's to come.
What does K mean in music?
What does the word opus mean in music?
An opus number is the work number assigned for a composition, or a set of compositions, in the approximate order in which a composer wrote something. You will often see the word abbreviated to Op. or Opp. for more than one work.


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A pie graph is the best way to show portions, or parts of a whole. You're starting to pick up some real science smarts!
Pie graphs represent data in a visual, easy to read manner, which helps us to understand data more clearly.
Using this pie graph, we can see just what portion of all the trash each particular type of trash represents
(how big of a piece of cake each type of trash "eats"). It's as simple as that!
Even though graphs can look simple, there's a lot of information in a graph.
Let's test your ability to read
Q1: What type
of trash makes up the biggest portion of trash? (Hint: look
at the biggest piece of pie and then match its color with the type of trash
found in the legend on the right.)
Q2: Can we say
what makes up the heaviest piece of trash from the graph?
Yes: - cigarettes
No: - not enough information provided
Back to Graph Types Overview


Setting Breakpoints for the DOM
When building a web app, sometimes we need to approach it top-down. Ever encountered a situation where you can see the bug in the UI visually, but virtually have no idea what is the cause?
Luckily for us, modern browser devtools allow us to set breakpoints not only on the JS code, but also on the DOM as well! We can easily pin down the offending lines deep inside the code base, by pausing the execution based on DOM changes.
First, identify the DOM element that we want to monitor, then right click it and go to Break on. We have 3 different options for how this breakpoint shall be triggered.
Setting a DOM Breakpoint
Setting a DOM Breakpoint
Now, whenever the DOM element we are monitoring gets some update (depending on the option we chose), the breakpoint will get hit, and we can inspect what is happening at that point in the source tab.


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|Definition - A word, phrase, or clause that both follows a copula and modifies the subject of the sentence.|
The moon was a ghostly galleon.
(In the above, was is a copula which links the subject complement ghostly galleon to the subject moon.)
Oxford English Dictionary - The term's first citation is from 1939:
"A certain number of adverbs may be used as *subject-complements, i.e. as complements to … verbs of incomplete predication."
(H. E. Palmer Gram. Spoken Eng. (ed. 2) ii. 80)


Can Horses Swim? Are They Good Swimmers?
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It depends. Like humans, horses can sink if they don't know how to swim. While most horses can stay afloat pretty well, this shouldn't be mistaken to mean that horses naturally are great swimmers even without prior training.
If you love horses and swimming, you may have thought of taking your horse for a swim or even for the sole purpose of fitness and rehabilitation. But this is never a good idea unless you have an experienced horse that knows how to swim.
You need to consider the fact that horses can sink. Horses also have a hard time turning in water. In fact, your horse can keep moving forward despite your best efforts to try to get your horse to move and make a turn.
This can also increase drowning risks, which will ultimately scare your horse from wanting to learn how to swim. If your horse hasn't been through a swimming or floating lesson or they are too nervous about getting inside water, it's not advisable to make them swim.
Wild horses couldn't live their entire lives in the wild without getting into the water. These types of horses naturally engage with water regularly. However, horses that aren't from the wild don't have the same instincts or capabilities when it comes to swimming.
Horses may, therefore, be among those animals that are genetically predisposed to swim. But it's not advisable to introduce swimming suddenly without unlocking your horse's genetic potential.
Your horse's first experience with water is critical, and you need to slowly introduce them to the idea of being in the water. Allow them to stand and walk around at their own pace and never ride them into deep water until your horse is fully trained and comfortable with that concept.
Do Horses Like To Swim? Are Horses Good Swimmers?
Like people, some horses seem to love swimming while others don't. Many different types of horses can become good swimmers once they become accustomed to the water.
But keep in mind, horses cannot hold their breath underwater, and you should never take your horse where there are big waves. This can be very dangerous and cause your horse a lot of unnecessary trauma.
It is also not recommended to ride your horse in the water if it is windy out. The water that gets blown in their face or causes their head to be submerged in the water can cause many issues, including water in their ears.
Horse Swimming
Teaching A Horse To Swim
If you want to get your horse into the water during the hot summer, you'll need to teach him/her how to swim better. As mentioned above, horses may be genetically predisposed to swimming; however, they need a progressive introduction.
You should start with shallow water to allow your horse to get comfortable with the idea of swimming, which can be an excellent exercise for horses.
Never guide your horse into deep water or attempt to force a swimming lesson. You can begin by visiting a shallow pond and try riding him/her in water that is at most 2 feet deep. Once he/she is used to this depth, you can venture deeper.
As you introduce your horse to deeper water, ensure there are no big stones underneath. You can do test runs on your own to make sure your horse doesn't trip on rocks.
However, before allowing your horse to venture into the deeper water, let them stand momentarily in the water until they are comfortable. You should watch out for signs of nervousness, like abrupt movements coupled with awkward stops.
When your horse is comfortable, you can venture deeper. Make sure you are in front of him/her to avoid being kicked as they may try to push forward inside the water. Also, remember to teach your horse how to turn while in water.
When your horse becomes familiar with the water around them, their natural swimming instinct will "kick in." Since they are heavy, you'll only see their head when they are swimming, similar to when larger dogs swim.
Their entire body will be submerged, and you'll only be able to see their head. If you look underneath, he/she will be busy paddling with their legs, just like how dogs swim.
In fact, horses look like they are running if you watch them swimming from underwater. But this happens over time when a horse gets comfortable in the water and learns how to swim.
Tip: It's advisable to guide your horse using a rope initially before he/she knows how to swim.
Horse Swimming Whilst Being Ridden
Is It Safe To Ride A Swimming Horse?
It can be dangerous and hard to ride a horse that is swimming. Since horses make different movements from those made when riding, your chances of slipping and falling are higher. What's more, horses tend to be more focused on swimming than the rider, which poses serious risks.
It's difficult to predict a horse's movement while they are swimming. Your horse is likely to make unexpected and/or rapid movements that pose serious risks.
There's also the risk of being kicked if you fall off your horse's back while he is swimming. While a horse kick underwater may not be as lethal as one on land, it can injure you seriously, making it impossible for you to swim.
You can also float away if you attempt to ride a swimming horse. If you don't know how to swim, don't try to ride a horse in any type of water. If your horse's head is the only part of its body above the water, your chances of drowning are higher if you don't know how to swim.
What To Do When Riding A Swimming Horse
If you must ride a swimming horse, there are some precautions you can take.
First and foremost, don't push your horse downwards into the water. Horses can't breathe underwater and will most probably get nervous making erratic movements and push you off his/her back.
Instead, you should swim as well to avoid exerting undue pressure on your horse. This is better than clamming on his/her neck and making them nervous.
You should also swim for short periods at a time. As mentioned above, horses are not meant to swim. They tend to get tired faster underwater, much more so than humans.
How Long Can Horses Swim?
To avoid tiring your horse and running the risk of allowing them to sink, don't subject your horse to swimming for more than 10 minutes at a time. It is also best to exit the water before you and your horse gets tired of swimming.
If you happen to get off your horse's back and start swimming beside them, be absolutely certain to stay away from their kicking legs. This can be extremely dangerous because a horse that kicks you underwater can be lethal.
Note: Avoid swimming around your horse because this tends to make them nervous and could cause them to make unnecessary movements that could tire them even faster.
Do Horses Enjoy Being In Water?
This is a tricky question because, just like humans, some horses might love splashing around in the water while others might be terrified of it.
You obviously can't ask your horse how they feel about being in the water, but there are sure signs that will allow you to understand how your horse is adapting to the experience.
You'll be able to see in their behavior whether they are enjoying the water or if they are hesitant to go near or in it.
When you guide your horse to water, make sure you don't immediately head for the deeper water. Your horse's head should never be submerged, and don't ever push your horse to go somewhere they don't want to go.
Give your buddy a chance to adapt by walking in shallow water and allowing them to explore the idea of being wet. This will give you a good indication as to whether or not your horse enjoys being in the water.
Unlike horses that have lived in the wild, your horse might not enjoy deep water because they are not a good swimmer.
Everybody thinks that horses can naturally swim and that you can immediately ride a horse into the ocean. However, that is just not the case, and every horse is different when it comes to whether or not they enjoy swimming.
Some horses, such as wild horses, will playfully paw at the water before rolling over in it. If your horse starts pawing at the water, you should make them stop immediately.
Riding a horse in water that begins to paw at it can be extremely dangerous for the rider. If that horse flips with you on it, you can get severely injured and even drown.
So always make sure you stop your horse from pawing at water regardless of how cute it looks!
Do Horses Need To Swim?
No. While horses need exercise, they can get all the training they need running or doing other ground exercises. However, if you want to expose your horse to various activities, swimming can be a good alternative when properly introduced.
Since horses rely heavily on their legs when swimming, this can be a great leg exercise. Swimming can also strengthen your horse's core muscles and improve his/her overall fitness.
In fact, swimming is common among horses with injuries because this type of exercise can heal serious injuries and boost muscle growth.
Like humans, horses must learn how to swim first before taking them out into deep waters for the first time. You should also ensure you know how to swim if you plan on riding him/her while they are in the water.
Keep in mind that there are many risks associated with horses and water. If your horse begins to panic, it may forget about you and head in a different direction. So always be alert!
The importance of teaching your horse how to swim can be the difference between having a happy horse who is comfortable strolling along the coast or having a companion that is terrified of water.
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I know a Chinese proverbial phrase. Translated literally into English, it says something along the lines of "Sky falls big pancakes". When used negatively in the phrase, "The sky does not fall big pancakes," it is generally used to warn against idleness.
What is the origin of the proverb? Also, I am not really sure if the object is pancakes. It may be a cookie or a flat cake or a flat flour wrap.
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2 Answers 2
天上掉馅饼，means that free and delicious food like pies are falling from the sky. Or its negative form: 天上不会掉馅饼
Nowadays it usually means that people who are lazy are expecting something miracle but impossible will happen to them. For example:
This phrase came from a Chinese myth. After 嫦娥(the lady in the legend who swallowed the elixir stolen from her husband and flew to the moon) went to the moon, 后羿(the man in the legend who shot 9 suns out of 10 and saved the earth from the heat) was very sad and thought about her every day. When 嫦娥 found out his love, she wrote her love on a pie. Because she is on the moon, there came the phrase: 天上掉馅饼
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Here is an explain by BaiDuPedia in Chinese:天上掉馅饼本指天空中降落类似馅饼那样的即免费又好吃的食物，泛指在自然生活中会无缘无故的发生一些可以满足人们欲望的物质或财富上面的事情；现在也贬指那些坐享其成，成天不务实际的人在假想一些不可能发生的事情，等待出现奇迹，天上怎么可能会掉馅饼。
馅饼 is a common food in China even today, it may be like a salty pie(I'm sorry, I have not met a pie). You get a 馅饼 from sky rather than you cook it, how lucky! You pay no effort. Thus, 天上掉馅饼 means getting something without effort; 天上不会掉馅饼 warns you that this thing will not happen, that is, you'd better do your best to get something. There is a fable story known by everybody in China <守株待兔>, it gives the same warning.
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Conservation value of forest plantations for bird communities in western Kenya
Farwig, N.; Sajita, N.; Boehning-Gaese, K.
Forest Ecology and Management 255(11): 3885-3892
Tree plantations of native and exotic species are frequently used to compensate for forest loss in the tropics. However, these plantations may support lower species diversity and different communities than natural forest. We therefore investigated bird communities in stands of natural forest, different types of tree plantations and secondary forest in Kakamega Forest, western Kenya. We compared birds differing in habitat specialisation, i.e. forest specialists, generalists, and visitors. We recorded significant differences in mean species richness and number of individuals among the different forest types. Stands of natural forest and plantations of indigenous tree species comprised more species and individuals than plantations of exotic tree species and secondary forest. This was caused by a significant decline of forest specialists and generalists from natural forest and indigenous plantations to exotic plantations and secondary forest. Species composition of the bird communities did not differ between natural forest stands and plantations of a mixture of indigenous tree species, but clearly changed between natural forest and plantations of single tree species. These findings demonstrate that natural forest areas are needed for the conservation of forest bird diversity, but that plantations with a mixture of indigenous tree species can have similarly high conservation value.


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VELUX Daylight Visualizer is a professional lighting simulation tool for the analysis of daylight conditions in buildings.
It is intended for use in the early design phase of a building to inform architects and engineers about the impact of various design choices on daylight performance. With Daylight Visualizer you can take more informed decisions about daylight performance in your architectural design:
- it calculates the amount of daylight that will be available inside a building space
- it can be used to optimise the daylight situation, for instance in a refurbishment project
- it visualises the appearance of daylight with photo-realistic images, quantifies the amount and distribution of daylight with false color images
- it visualises how daylight situation is perceived under different CIE (The International Commission on Illumination - the Commission Internationale de
l'Eclairage) sky conditions.


text:
Steel plate rolling is often done to create full cylinders or cylinder segments. These parts often have bevels to facilitate the welding of the curved steel sections. The bevels can be required on either the longitudinal seam of a cylinder or on the circumferential seam between two cylinders or end plates. Cylinder segments can also be beveled on all sides. There are several types of bevels. In general an edge that is beveled is not perpendicular to the face of the steel plate. It is often at 45 degrees to the face. The image below shows two bevels. The second is sometimes called a chamfer but the two terms are often used interchangeably.
At times plates are welded together without any bevel but with only a tight fit or a slight gap between the plates.
Plates can be singly or doubly beveled to perform a V-groove weld.
When only one edge of the steel plate is beveled and the other edge is left square, then a bevel groove weld can be performed.
There are other methods of beveling and welding but these are the most common. Clear and complete communication between the customer seeking the plate rolling, beveling, and welding services and the supplier will guarantee that the parts will meet the required specifications.
- Steel Plate Rolling to Enclose a Spent Nuclear Reactor
- Steel Plate Rolling: Pre-Bending of Heavy Plate with a Three-Roll, Plate Rolling Machine
- Steel Plate Rolling: on a Plate Roll or a Press Brake?
- Steel Plate Rolling: Forming and Shipping Long Plate
- Steel Plate Rolling with Multi-Radius Bending? O... OK.


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When filling your gas can to refuel outdoor power equipment, are you paying attention to the ethanol level in the gas you are pumping? Do you know that some ethanol-containing fuel can damage your small engine and may be illegal to use in small engines like outdoor power equipment?
OPEI on the Dangers of Ethanol Gas to Small Engines
Don't worry, you are not alone. According to a Harris Interactive study conducted for the Outdoor Power Equipment Institute (OPEI), nearly three-guards of American adults are "not at all sure" if it is illegal to put high-level ethanol gas (anything more than 10 percent) in their small engines such as those in boats, mowers, chain saws, snow mobiles, generators and more.
That's why the OPEI recently announced a new ethanol education and awareness campaign, "Look Before You Pump" to help educate consumers about the ill-effects of high-level ethanol containing gas. The visual to be displayed at pumps is a visible and simple reminder to consumer to make sure that they aren't using anything more than a 10 percent ethanol fuel in their small engines. The goal is to remind consumers that the gas they put in their car may not be right for their small engines.
3 Tips to Avoid Engine Damage from Fuel
To avoid engine damage that ethanol gas can cause to your small engines consider the following:
- Never use any fuel higher than 10 percent ethanol in your small engines
- Even with a 10 percent ethanol gas, use a fuel stabilizer to counteract any damage it can cause, especially if your equipment will be sitting idle for long periods of time
- Consider canned-fuel products to guarantee that your outdoor power equipment will remain fee of damage caused by ethanol containing gas


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Preparing for the hearing
If you made a submission and indicated that you wished to speak to it, then make sure you reinforce your case by presenting to the hearing.
The hearing report
Before the hearing, Environment Southland compiled a hearing report – a 700-page document (called the section 42A report), which provides the Hearing Commissioners with a summary and analysis of submissions, and makes recommendations on possible amendments to the proposed plan.
The Hearing Commissioners don't have to agree with the recommendations contained in the s42A report, but it is still a useful tool to help understand how the submissions have affected council's thinking.
Can B+LNZ help me prepare for the hearing?
We ran eight workshops, to help farmers prepare. These covered:
- What you can expect at the hearing
- What makes a powerful farmer hearing statement
- How to gain traction with the decision makers
- A refresh on the key issues and a heads up on where council thinking is changing
- What to include in your hearing statement.
What if I missed the workshops?
The workshop resources included a booklet and videos, which you can download on this page. View the powerpoint presentation to pick up tips on how to be as effective as possible on the day.
Key areas to consider
We have created a summary of key areas you may which to address called "The Song Sheet". It covers:
- The policy/rule to consider
- What the notified plan said
- What B+LNZ submitted
- Environment Southland's recommendations to the hearing panel (s42A report)
- Some ideas for farmers to consider in their hearing statement
The eight key areas summarised in the song sheet are:
- Physiographic zones
- Pre-empting limit setting process
- Dairy conversion
- Intensive winter grazing
- Stock exclusion
- Cultivation setbacks
- Tile drains
- Farm Environment Plans


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Quicksilver is set in the late 17th and early 18th century, mostly in England, France, and the United Provinces, with sections further east and in Massachusetts. It deals with the science, economy and politics of that era, revolving around characters such as Isaac Newton. Ancestors of the characters of Stephenson's Cryptonomicon feature strongly. As in other Stephenson works, there is a theme of how money works. The novel covers such historical events as the Great Plague, the Great Fire of London, the Edict of Fontainebleau, the Monmouth Rebellion, the Bloody Assizes, the Battle of Vienna and the Glorious Revolution, though many details, such as the identity of members of the CABAL, have been changed.
|Table of contents|
3 External links
The The Age of Unreason cycle by Keyes shares many of the historical characters of Quicksilver such as Benjamin Franklin, Newton, Louis XIV of France and Nicolas Fatio de Duillier.


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pretag syntax-highlighted with a light theme, in order to differentiate between the two in a clear manner.
Screenshots can work well when done right, even when displaying text; like code-snippets. Adept them, have arrows with additional explaining text next to it. Craft them well and you can get something like this which gets it's point across in an hands-on manner: considering this complicated matter.
Combining a colorscheme's dark– and light version
But even when working with screenshots of code-snippets, one can mix it up with plain text in
This line tells [npm](_URL_) to install both 'gulp' and 'gulp-sass' packages as development dependencies. You can now find them in the 'devDependencies' object of your 'package.json'. And the 'Gulpfile.js':
$ npm install gulp gulp-sass --save-dev
var gulp = require('gulp'); var sass = require('gulp-sass');
This is not difficult to achieve with Prism syntax-hightlighter combined with Sass-variables for colors.
This article was also published on Codepen


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Note: Mac users can easily type German characters using the "Option" key. See item 6 below.
1. Use "telegraph" style. You can always put an 'e' after an umlauted vowel: ä = ae, ö = oe, ü = ue, and you can also write ß as ss (as the German Swiss do).
2. Use 'alt' codes. You can write umlauts by holding down the 'alt' key and using the following codes on the number pad (not the numbers across the top of the keyboard):
- ä = Alt + 132
- ö = Alt + 148
- ü = Alt +129
- Ä = Alt + 142
- Ö = Alt + 153
- Ü = Alt + 154
- ß = Alt + 225
4. Change your keyboard to US-International Keyboard. This is similar to #3, but keeps all the symbols as on an English keyboard. This is really a good method if you are using a laptop without a number pad.
a) In the Control Panel folder, click on "Regional and Language options."
b) Select the "Languages" tab, and then click the "Details" button. This brings up "Text Services and Input Languages."
c) On the "Settings" tab of the new window, click on "Add.." This brings up the "Add Input Language" window.
d) Input language should be English (United States). Click to check the "Keyboard layout/IME" radio box, and in the drop-down box, select "United States - International". (If it's already installed, it won't be there). Click on OK, click on Apply then OK on the Text Services and Input Languages window, and click OK on the Regional and Languages Options window.
e) You should now see a small keyboard icon on the lower right part of your display, just to the left of the System Tray and just to the right of the "EN" English keyboard indicator (Fig 1 below). Alternatively, if you have the Microsoft Language Bar open, it will be at the top of your display (Fig 2 below). You need to select the "United States - International" option.
5. Use DeKey. For Windows Vista and XP users, we offer DeKey, a free utility that makes it much easier to type German characters using the Alt key. For example, Alt + s = ß or Alt + a = ä.
Download DeKey from this site.
6. Mac user options. To type an umlauted character such as ä, use 'option' + u, and then type an 'a' (or o, or u) which will produce ä (or ö or ü). This also works for uppercase (capital) letters. To type the ß, simply type 'option' + s. The Mac OS also offers various international keyboard settings, similar to those in Windows.


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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
|Look up clearing in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.|
Clearing may refer to:
- Clearing (forest), a tract of land with few or no trees in the middle of a wooded area
- Clearing (finance), the process of settling a transaction after committing to it
- Clearing, Chicago, a community area in Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
- Clearing (telecommunications), the disconnecting of a call
- Clearing (album), an album by Fred Frith
- The Clearing, a 2004 drama film
- Deforestation, the clearing away of trees to make farmland
- Market clearing, the matching of supply and demand via price movement
- Yarn clearing, in textile industry
- Clearing, a practice in Scientology.
- Clearing, a process used by the UK's Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (UCAS) to enable unplaced students to apply for courses with vacancies directly to the university.
|This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Clearing.
If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.


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Earthquake map shows Tennant Creek hot spot
A new earthquake hazards map released by Geoscience Australia has revealed Tennant Creek is among the locations most likely to be affected by an earthquake.
The map shows a hot spot under Tennant Creek, along with Moe in Victoria and York and Kirwan in Western Australia.
The Minister for Resources and Energy, Martin Ferguson, says the new information should help communities to plan for the possibilty of earthquakes.
''Although these maps do not enable us to predict earthquakes, they will allow engineers and planners to design and locate buildings and infrastructure so as to better protect our communities,'' Minister Ferguson said.
He said he also expects the modelling and data - which is publicly available online - will be used by emergency managers, researchers and the insurance industry.
It may also impact Australia building standards and codes in areas most likely to be affected by earthquakes.
But the information reinforces fears that Muckaty station, around 100km from Tennant Creek, is not a suitable location for the Federal Government's proposed nuclear waste site.
Seismologists from Geoscience Australia developed the map according to the history of earthquakes in Australia.
They said Australia has experienced 168 earthquakes above magnitude 5.0 since 1950, and last year alone, 82 earthquakes were recorded at a magnitude 3.0 or above.
In 1988, Tennant Creek was struck by a 6.7 magnitude earthquake, causing around $2.5m damage.
At the time, senior seismologist from Geoscience Australia Dr Clive Collins said the quake may have been the region's last.
"We would think that the stress that caused those earthquakes has now been released and you wouldn't get another large one but it's something that really we don't know at this point," Dr Collins told 783 ABC Alice Springs at the time.
Read more about the 1988 Tennant Creek earthquake here.
Explore the Earthquake Hazards Map here.
Search ABC Local
Latest stories from ABC South West Vic. Including audio, photo, video, recipes and reviews across the region.


Crossword Genius
Some of the dole money grows on a tree! (5)
I believe the answer is:
'tree' is the definition.
(lemon is a kind of tree)
'some of the dole money grows' is the wordplay.
'some of' indicates a hidden word.
'LEMON' can be found hidden inside 'dole money grows'.
'on a' is the link.
(Other definitions for lemon that I've seen before include "Fruit; sort of grass, sole", "A fruit; a worthless item", "Fruit squeezed on Pancake Day?", "certainly not a plum!", "Citrus fruit (is it the answer?)".)


Using Galapagos with Zombie Solver
Hi all,
I'm working on a project that involves optimizing a NURBS curve 'barrier' that prevents particles generated using kangaroo from passing through. However, when connecting the sphere collide, load and curvepointcollide components to zombie solver, the solver becomes unresponsive and freezes the grasshopper application.
I have also attempted to recreate this setup using Flexhopper, but the plugin doesn't seem to have a solver similar that only outputs the results after every iteration, and can not be integrated with Galapagos.
I have two specific questions:
 1. Can the zombie solver be used in conjunction with Galapagos to optimize the NURBS curve in response to every iteration of particles generated by kangaroo?
 2. Could there by any other methods, such as using other plugins such as Flexhopper to simulate fluids, alongside an evolutionary solver such as Galapagos?
Many Thanks!
kangaroo 2d mesh (1).gh (23.1 KB) Kangaroo 2D Wave sim test (1).3dm (48.4 KB)
Hi Fergalt, I am recently having the same issue of using Kangaroo with Galapagos together, I wonder if there is any working example of it…
Hi _USER_
The file 'Catenary_Galapagos' here shows how to combine Kangaroo and Galapagos:


Thursday, 29 October 2009
Ruby XML Builder prefixes
This is a topic I've come across a few times now, and more recently turned up when someone asked a question in an IRC channel (it was either _TAG_ or _TAG_ on, I can't quite remember which now). The basic problem was that they wanted to output an XML prefix to the tags generated with Builder. Anyone who has used Builder will be familiar with it's syntax:
xml.someTag do
xml.anotherTag "tag content"
and can see that this doesn't work with a tag prefixed with an xml namespace, which includes a : (this being a special character in ruby). So what is the solution? The person asking the question actually got the answer from several people that it wasn't possible, but that didn't seem right. And it turns out that it is perfectly possible, it just requires a slightly more verbose syntax. Instead of
you need to do
xml.tag! "somePrefix:someTag"
where the tag! function on an XML Builder object takes a string representing the entire tag and outputs it as is.
It turns out the consideration of the Builder creators didn't stop there. They have functions to allow for the full range of standard XML to be created. Need a CDATA field? use xml.cdata!, need to add, comments? Use xml.comment!, need to create a node with mixed text and child nodes? Use xml.text! like so:
xml.myNode do
xml.myChildNode "awesome"
xml.text! "More awesome"
All of these are supported with functions with a! at the end, which keeps them nice and separate from tags that you would typically create.
And to really add to the point that these things were considered by the Builder creators, they even have a simpler form for using prefixes in XML now. You simply add a space between the prefix and the : to create an expression like:
xml.myPrefix :myElement, "look at this!"
or in more common ruby language, if you pass a symbol as the first argument when creating a tag, it will take the tag as a namespace prefix and the symbol as the actual tag name.
So yes, it is possible to add prefixes with Builder, and more than possible, it's simple! There's no excuse for saying it can't be done.


L5r: Legend of the Five Rings
Kakita Isako
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Kakita Isako was a renowned bladesmith of the Crane Clan. Alongside with Asahina Yuri, a crafter of nemuranai, the two woman sought the unique weapon known as Dragon's Claw Katana, which was in the hands of Daidoji Kedamono's descendant. After several months of careful observation, they fashioned eight copies of the original sword, two for each of the families of the Crane. They took three years to complete the weapons, and the toll was so grat that both were found unconscious the morning after their work was finished. The "patronesses of the blade" had aged 50 years overnight. Those whose actions would dishonor the Crane caused the weapons to bend and warp into useless pieces of metal. [1]
 1. Prayers and Treasures, pp. 123-124
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How to Meet Language Arts and Social Studies Standards with Your Laser Cutter
What are all the ways that you might power-up engagement and learning with a laser cutter?
Teachers of all grade levels and subjects have discovered that DigiLab laser cutters can take learning up a big notch, hitting a wide variety of standards and deeply engaging students in the work. We've created lists of ideas to spark your thinking about how to add a laser cutter to your language arts or social studies lessons, with links to Common Core State Standards.
To come up with your own curriculum applications, consider the units in which your students are least engaged or those that you find most boring to teach. Then, take the story above and the following ideas as inspiration. How might a laser cutter help you to add a new dimension to your own lessons?
Language Arts Laser Cutter Project Ideas
 1. Book summaries: Design an artifact that one of the characters had in daily life and cut it out on the laser.
 2. Book diorama: Create diorama made completely out of laser cut pieces.
 3. Book quotes: Have students choose their favorite quotes from their individual or class book; engrave them onto wood and acrylic to hang in the hallway or classroom. Go a step further and have students write an essay based on one of their classmates' selected quotations.
 4. Elevate writing: Turn student poetry or short stories into authentic products by laser engraving them on a special material to display.
 5. Root words: Have students make games using laser cut pieces to help them learn Latin and Greek roots.
 6. Self-reflection: On the first day of school, have students design and laser cut something that represents them. Display these symbols on the bulletin board or on each student's desk to help you and their classmates get to know them. At end of year, lead a reflective activity to see what has changed.
 7. Language arts manipulatives: How can you bring your lessons alive by creating objects or aids to go with them? Before it might have been time-consuming or expensive, but even introducing a new material into the classroom gets kids excited about learning. ANYTHING you have as a document can be engraved on laser cutter. You can make bingo game, flashcards, and turn anything into a puzzle (site words, root words, parts of speech).
Social Studies Laser Cutter Project Ideas
 1. Create a culture project: Have students design and laser cut a logo or flag for their invented cultures; create multi-dimensional topographical maps; laser engrave their hand-drawn maps on wood or cardboard.
 2. Solve problems in history: Prototype solutions to questions like, How might the Egyptians have carried their water from here to there? What tools might the Native Americans have used to build their dwellings? What games might the children have invented with the limited materials they had in any given setting?
 3. Create period tools: Make prototypes of ancient tools that the culture would have used in daily life. Make games and tools for colonial different trades.
 4. Imagine alternate histories: Consider questions like, What if the American Colonists had had access one simple, modern-day tool? Design and prototype it on the laser cutter, and explore how life would have been different or how history would have changed with this one item.
 5. Build ancient structures: Instead of toothpicks and popsicle sticks, have students design, cut, and assemble bridges and pyramids using the laser cutter.
 6. Living timeline: Have students create laser-cut symbols or artifacts to correspond with essential landmarks or inventions in history.
 7. Historical excavation: Turn pictures of artifacts from the historical time period you're studying into laser-cut items. Hide them archeological-dig style outside, or just around the classroom. As a pre-unit introduction, have students figure out why they are important to this culture.
 8. History quotes: Have students choose key quotes from history and laser engrave them on leather.
Note: Although Common Core State Standards for specific grade levels are linked throughout this article, the activities can be applied to many grade levels.
Want your own classroom laser cutter? Let the DigiLab team help!


Step 9: Manually adding participants
Published 2/1/17, 4:02 PM, by Aaron Bird
This tutorial will explain how to manually add a rider to an event. This could be in response to a postal entry.
The steps to manually add a participant can be summarised as:
 1. If you already know the CTT ID of the participant, you should use this ID and add the new participant
 2. If you do not know the CTT ID, you should search for the ID using the participants first name, last name and gender. If a match is found, you should use this CTT ID
 3. If you are 100% there is not already a CTT ID for this rider in the system, you should add the participant and then use the issued CTT ID.


text:
SECURITIES PERFECTION AND DEBT RECOVERY IN THE NIGERIAN INDUSTRY (A CASE STUDY OF SKYE BANK PLC NIGERIA)
This project is designed to look the effect securities perfection and debt recovery in banking industry in Nigeria, to obtain the relevant result and data were collected through the use of questionnaire and interview in gathering valuable fact for the project. The first two chapters deal with the introduction, statement of problem and literature review while chapter three deal with research methodology and procedure. Then, chapter four deals with data analysis and interpretation of data collected. The last chapter give, summary, recommendation for effective securities perfection and debt recovery in banking industry in Nigeria.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page i
Table of content vi
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Statement of the study 1
1.2 Objectives of the study 1
1.3 Research question 2
1.4 Statement of hypothesis 2
1.5 Definition of terms 2
2.1 Literature review 4
2.2 Lending principle 4
2.3 Statutory and regulatory requirement 4
2.4 Type of securities for bank lending 4
2.5 Effect of government regulations and control on bank lending in Nigeria 8
2.6 History of Skye Bank Plc 8
2.7 Constraints lending operation in Skye Bank Plc 9
2.8Loan recovery procedure10
3.0 Research methodology 11
3.1 Data collected 11
3.2 Method of data and resources of data 11
4.0 Data analysis 12
4.1 Interpretation of result 13
5.1 Summary 14
5.2 Conclusion 15
5.3 Recommendations 15
5.4 Suggestion for further research studies 15
Bank plays important roles in the economic life of a country particularly a developing nation through the provision of banking services. As agent of development, they provide loans and advance including a variety of contingent facilities, which could either be short term or long terms. This explains why credit guidelines contained in governments monetary circulars stipulate aggregate causing on credit creation as well as the sectionals avocation which bank other financial institution must comply with during a fiscal year.
In recent time, banks have witnessed a phenomenal growth in term of loans in their portfolios and the need to finance industrial project in line with the nation's rapid growth industrialization.
Some of the facilities generally provided by bank included: short term finance, medium term finance, long term finance building / mortgage wars advance against produce etc.
When banks are providing these kinds of facilities and some others, they are exposed to some risks. Lending has some other are exposed of some risks lending has become a vital function inn banking operations because of its direct effect on economic growth and business development.
Though a banker is expected too exercise consideration skill, use his experience techniques in analyzing credit proposal and assessing the risks, it has been established from experience that unforeseen situation sometimes affect the borrowers ability to pay and this has banks to insure themselves in case the unexpected happens by demanding some form security.
Securities and perfection are particularly relevant to our situation in this country. Bad debts simply means loans or facilities granted to a customer but cannot be recouped by the bank from the customer after all efforts it has been intensified.
1.1 STATEMENT OF THE STUDY
In the years past it has been observed that undocumented unperfected loans accounted mainly for the couapsed near couapse of many bank both in Nigeria and abroad (First –bank of Nigeria Bi journal Vo1. 6 1998 December)
1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The objectives of this study banks plays important role in the economic life of a country particularly a developing nation through the provision of banking services. As agent of development, they provide loans and advance including a variety of contingent facilities, which could either over be short term or long term.
1.3 RESEARCH QUESTION
The research questions of this study were borne out of the huge debts which come about as a result at bank liability to realize the security pledged due to poor credit documentation and perfection. The questions therefore are:
What are the affects of poor credit documentation on bank credits? What are the types of acceptance securities and documentation procedure for the purpose of lending? What are the various types of method adopted for debt recovery? What should bank do when they notice any sign credit becoming doubtful?
1.4 STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESIS
The research hypothesis employed for verification is stated below:
HO There are a lot agitation on the significance of good securities to and bank lending prior to this write –up some bank customers complained that their bank deprived them from financial assistances in time of need for investment purpose due to their inability to procedure reasonable counteracts not minding their wing standing good record with them,
In the same vein bank also in them bitter experiences in loan reconciler argued their position even securities are taken for loan and advances.
1.5 DEFINITION OF TERMS
This section embraces a brief explanations on specific terms not of common usage that appeared in the body of the work such terms includes.
Credit this term used for an amount of money granted by bank calendar to a customer (Borrower) in form of loan and advance in order to finance capital.
Perfection: - This is the process of investigating the trade owner of a security, its documentation and obtaining the governors consent (incase of legal mortgage)
Documentation: - This is the term used in obtaining security in the legal form and the process of recording, perfecting and security.
Security: - In the legal from and the process of recording, perfecting and security.
Security; this term denotes property pledge by a borrower as a means of guarantee for the credit grantee e.g lends shares e.t.c
Default: - This term sued when a borrower fails to fulfill his obligation or when he fails to repay the amount granted to him as credit.
Debenture; it denote an instrument issued by a company or individual acknowledging the indebtedness at a stated time with interest there of.
Stamping: - This term is used as an evidentiary created on the mortgage created. The mortgage created should be stamped within 30 days of the execution.
Registration: - It can notes that document created must be required incompliance with either case law or statute and is done at corporate affairs commission within 90 days.
Insured: - This terms is used by insurance company which loans, "Risk Against loses".
Ubcirmaefidel: - This is an insurance term, which explain that every information required must be given is utmost good truth..


Möbius plane
From Encyclopedia of Mathematics
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circular plane, inversive plane
A plane whose elements form two disjoint sets: the set of points and the set of circles, and which is endowed with a symmetric incidence relation (relating points and circles). The incidence relation satisfies the following axioms:
1) any three distinct points are incident to one and only one circle;
2) given a point on a circle and a point not on, there is a unique circle through whose common point with is ;
3) there exist at least four distinct points not incident to a circle. Every circle is incident to at least three distinct points.
From a Möbius plane one can obtain an affine plane if one calls one of its points the ideal point, and calls the circles incident to this point straight lines.
In three-dimensional projective space the points of an ovoid and the planes that intersect the ovoid at more than one point form, with the incidence relation inherited from, a Möbius plane (see [1]). A Möbius plane is called egg-like if it is isomorphic to for some ovoid. Among the egg-like Möbius planes the best known is the model, where is the sphere in three-dimensional Euclidean space, i.e. the plane isomorphic to, where is a non-ruled quadric in three-dimensional projective space over the field of real numbers.
A Möbius plane is said to be finite if it has a finite number of points and circles. Each circle in a Möbius plane has the same number of points, and through each point of the plane pass the same number of circles. By definition, the order of the plane is the number of points on a circle minus one. A Möbius plane of order contains points and circles; through each point of the plane circles pass. The following model of the Möbius plane of order is the best known. The points of the plane are the elements of the Galois field and the ideal point ; the circles of the plane are the images of the set under the group of permutations of the form
A necessary condition for the existence of a Möbius plane of order is the existence of a finite affine plane of the same order. The uniqueness of the Möbius plane of order has been proven [5]. If a Möbius plane of order contains a proper subplane of order, then and (see [2]).
The classification of Möbius planes has been carried out (see [3], [4]). The planes are named after A. Möbius (1855), who laid the foundations of the theory of circles.
[1] R. Dembowski, "Finite geometries", Springer (1968) pp. 254
[2] P. Dembowski, D.R. Hughes, "On finite inversive planes" J. London Math. Soc., 40 (1965) pp. 171–182
[3] C.H. Hering, "Eine Klassifikation der Möbius-Ebenen" Math. Z., 87 (1965) pp. 252–262
[4] N. Krier, "The Hering classification of Möbius planes", Proc. Internat. Conf. Projective Planes, Washington State Univ. Press (1973) pp. 157–163
[5] L.I. Istomina, "Uniqueness of the circle plane of order 11" Perm Univ. Uchen. Zap., 156 (1976) pp. 81–83 (In Russian)
For more recent developments, see the chapters by I.M. Yaglom, J.F. Rigby, J.B. Wilker, and N.W. Johnson in [a1].
[a1] C. Davis (ed.) B. Grünbaum (ed.) F.A. Sherk (ed.), The geometric vein (Coxeter-Festschrift), Springer (1980)
How to Cite This Entry:
Möbius plane. Encyclopedia of Mathematics. URL:


Loading Hiearachical JSON objects
Loading Hiearachical JSON objects
JQuery loadJSON plugin enables you to load hierachical JSON objects and generate hierarchical structures of HTML elements based on the template. In the list example is shown how the array of the objects can be loaded into the template. In this example, array of the objects is exdended so each object in the array have its own array as a property. As a re
Live Example
In this example will be used extended template that can be used for complex objects. Example of the resulting page is shown below:
In this example for each company in the list is shown one manager and nested list of all employees. Details about implementation is described in the sections below.

In this template are placed three elements where properties ID, Name, and Address of some JSON object will be populated. loadJSON plugin will take JSON array, bind properties of the elements of the array to template and replicate template item bound with each element in the array. Additionally, inside the LI element is placed SPAN with class Manager where are placed two SPAN elements for manager's first name and last name, and data list with class "Employees" where can be placed first and last name of employees.
 "ID": 17,
 "Name": "Emkay Entertainments",
 "Address": "Nobel House, Regent Centre",
 "Manager": {
 "FirstName": "John",
 "LastName": "Doe"
 "Employees": [ {
 "FirstName": "Brian",
 "LastName": "Hunt"
 "FirstName": "Mick",
 "LastName": "Henning"
 "ID": 18,
 "Name": "The Empire",
 "Address": "Milton Keynes Leisure Plaza",
 "Manager": {
 "FirstName": "Ana",
 "LastName": "Johnsnon"
 "Employees": [
 "FirstName": "Erick",
 "LastName": "O'Neil"
 "FirstName": "George",
 "LastName": "Halloway"
This array contains elements with properties ID, Name, and Address that will be bound directly to the elements in the HTML template. Additionaly it has nested object Manager with the FirstName and LastName properties, and nested array of Employees with their own FirstName and LastName properties. JQuery loadJSON plugin generate nested list Employees records inside each of the generated company records. This way is implemented hierachical template for nested objects.
Template is defined in the LI HTML element, and under assumption that JSON array is placed into the "hierarchy.js" file, the following code generates output HTML using template and JSON array:
As a results of this call will be generated output shown in the live example above.


text:
I saw some tutorial pages on the internet about how to read files using C++
But I'm kind of confused because there isn't anything in code indicate where the file is from. So I think I need some explanation.
It will open file in current (working) folder. If you want to open file which is in another folder you may write full path: ofstream ofs("C:\\some_folder\\some_file");
There is version of the constructor (and open() function) which takes std::string, if you use them.
What you pass is actually the file path, so you can give a full path, or a relative path. If you just specify the filename that is a relative path. Relative paths are relative to the working directory of program. If you start your program by double clicking on the executable file the working directory will be the directory where the executable file is located. If you start your program from the command line the working directory will be the directory that you set using the cd command. If you start your program from an IDE the working directory is often set to the project directory (not the source directory) but this can differ between IDEs.


%A Karl Branting %A Bruce Porter %T Rules and Precedents as Complementary Warrants %J AAAI-91 %P 3-9 %D 1991 %I AAAI/MIT Press %X This paper describes a model of the complementarity of rules and precedents in the classification task. Under this model, precedents assist rule-based reasoning by operationalizing abstract rule antecedents. Conversely, rules assist case-based reasoning through case elaboration, the process of inferring case facts in order to increase the similarity between cases, and term reformulation, the process of relacing a term whose precedents only weakly match a case with terms whose precedents strongly match the case. Fully exploiting this complementarity requires a control strategy characterized by impartiality, the absence of arbitrary ordering restrictions on the use of rules and precedents. An impartial control startegy was implemented in GREBE in the domain of Texas worker's compensation law. In a preliminary evaluation, GREBE's performance was found to be as good or slightly better than the performance of law students on the same task. %X _URL_


Take the 2-minute tour ×
If $X$ is a complete nonsingular curve over $k$, $Y$ is any curve over $k$, $f: X \to Y$ is a morphism not map to a point (so $f(X)=Y$), then $f$ is a finite morphism.
This is the assertion prove in Hartshorne Chapter2, Prop6.8. But the proof is a little sketchy at the point of the inverse image of an affine set is also affine. I quote it here:
...Let $V=\rm{Spec}B$ be any open affine subset of $Y$. Let $A$ be the integral closure of $B$ in $K(X)$. Then $A$ is a finite $B$-module, and Spec$A$ is isomorphic to an open subset $U$ of $X$. Clearly $U=f^{-1}(V)$...
Can anyone explain why "Spec$A$ is isomorphic to an open subset $U$ of $X$. Clearly $U=f^{-1}(V)$"?
share|improve this question
Presumably R=B...? – Matt Apr 30 '12 at 16:16
1 Answer 1
up vote 7 down vote accepted
Since $X$ is complete, the morphism $f$ is proper.
For any $y\in Y$, the fibre $F=f^{-1}(y) $ is closed and strictly included in $X$, because $f$ is not constant.
Hence $F$ is finite, i.e. $f$ is quasi-finite.
But a proper and quasi-finite morphism is finite, and so $f$ is indeed a finite morphism.
share|improve this answer
Thank you so much! However, I have two questions: 1) why $F$ is closed? 2) why proper+quasi-finite imply finite? I have looked at Wikipedia, it referred this a result as a consequence of Stein factorization. Suppose $Y'$ is the intermediate scheme in Stein factorization, do we necessary have $X=Y'$? Or, maybe you can point out the reference where I can find the proof. – Li Zhan May 1 '12 at 21:47
Dear Li, a) $F$ is closed because it is the inverse image of the closed set$\lbrace y \rbrace$ under the continuous morphism $f$. b) The result quoted in my last line can be found in Vakil's wonderful on-line notes, 11.3.8. page 267 – Georges Elencwajg May 2 '12 at 6:32
Your Answer


The efficiency of the semiconductors is measured in terms of speed and power. The semiconductor designs today are challenged to provide higher and still higher speeds on each new product introduced. The signal integrity checks become very important to ensure that the signals, after traversing through various stages, reach the destination with a valid level. There are many tools available to do the system level signal integrity analysis. In this paper, a cost effective approach to doing a system level analysis is discussed. This approach returns similar results as are seen with industry tools, though in a much more cost effective manner.