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Converting the FileSystemObject's Column Property
Windows PowerShell
Definition: When reading through a line in a text file one or more characters at a time, Column contains the current character position within the line.
PowerShell reads file contents into an array, so the character position can be determined by the array item.
This example returns the character at column 4 (item 3 in the array):
$b = "a string"
An example that more closely maps to the intent of Column would be an example that reads through a line in the text file. Again, the column will be the array index plus 1 (because arrays start at 0).
$a = get-content c:\scripts\test.txt -totalcount 1
for ($i = 0; $i -lt $a.length; $i++)
 "Column is " + ($i + 1)
Note that this solution works only on a single line at a time.
See conversions of other FileSystemObject methods and properties.
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© 2014 Microsoft


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Compute the Running Minimum
Compute the running minimum of a 3-by-2 matrix input, dsp_examples_u, using the Minimum block.
Open the model.
model = fullfile(matlabroot,'examples','dsp','ex_runningminimum_ref'); open_system(model)
The Input processing parameter is set to Columns as channels (frame based). The block processes the input as a two-channel signal with a frame size of three. The running minimum is reset at t = 2 by an impulse to the block's Rst port.
Run the model.
In the Running mode, the block outputs the minimum value over each channel since the last reset. At t = 2, the reset event occurs. The minimum value in the second column changes to 6, and then 2, even though these values are greater than 1, which was the minimum value since the previous reset event.
Close the model.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I would like to use a type that behaves like a simple list of pairs [(a,b)] that serves as a dictionary, mapping keys of type a to values of type b, while maintaining a "user-specified", defined order of keys. (i.e. just as with ordinary lists - I would like to be able to "append" an item which is then recognized as the "last element".) However I would like random access lookup on keys with better than linear performance, i.e. what Data.Map provides. One option would be to just maintain an ordinary map in addition to a list of keys that defines their order:
data OrderedDict a b = OrderedDict (Map a b) [a]
and then define append operations, etc. that keep the two key collections in sync. It seems ugly though to maintain two separate collections of the same keys. Is there a ready-made data type that already combines ordered keys with efficient random-access lookup by key?
share|improve this question
Java's LinkedHashMap seems to do something similar: thread a list of keys through the map. Python's OrderedDict is simply a list of pairs, so they're no help here. – Lambda Fairy Jun 8 '12 at 4:07
What do you mean with "defined order"? Given two keys a1 and a2, is it a priori fixed whether a1 precedes a2 or is the precedence determined at runtime? – Peter Jun 8 '12 at 6:46
_USER_ I mean 'defined order' in the same sense as with ordinary lists - if I append a2 after I append a1, then a1 precedes a2 – gcbenison Jun 8 '12 at 13:54
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3 Answers
Take a look at ixset library - it allows you to maintain sets indexed by multiple columns (by a and by Int in your case). This is much more maintainable than keeping maps consistent by hand
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Thanks - ixset is cool. I don't think it quite matches the bill in this case because it can allow inconsistent state (multiple entries with the same Int field) and it would require a caller performing an append operation to explicitly specify the index - something not required by ordinary lists. – gcbenison Jun 8 '12 at 15:13
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Unless I completely misunderstand your question, Data.Map does exactly this, using the key type's Ord instance for ordering. As it's a binary tree, the implementation keeps the keys ordered as well.
Data.Map.keys gives you the keys of a map in ascending order; as transformations, such as map, of a Map are purely functional the order of traversal is irrelevant, and all ways of getting a sequence of keys or key/value pairs out of a Map gives you an ordered list.
share|improve this answer
I believe gcbenison is asking for something like Data.Map but with the added property of preserving the order in which the keys are inserted. – dbaupp Jun 8 '12 at 7:05
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If you just want to preserve some fixed order (e.g. insertion time) in addition of having O(log n) lookup/insertions, you could simply use multiple maps and update them simultaneously:
 1. Map a b for storing the actual data, and
 2. Map Int a that gives you the i-th key in the order. (If you also need to query the index of a given key you could add a Map a Int)
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text:
Tropical Fungus Range Expands into Northern Waters
In August 2008, an Atlantic bottlenose dolphin was found dead on the North Carolina coast, its skin cracked and ulcerated with an alarming growth of gray and white nodules.
This dolphin was confirmed as having lobomycosis, the first confirmed case in North Carolina waters of this chronic fungal skin infection.
Reports of this type of infection in both humans and dolphins are relatively common in the warmer coastal waters of South America. Cases of lobomycosis have also turned up in waters off both east and west coasts of southern Florida and the Texas Gulf Coast.
Now, however, the range of the fungus that causes the lobomycosis infection appears to be expanding northward.
See also: Making Waves podcast: April 15, 2009 and Northward Creep of Tropical Disease Another Consequence of Climate Change?

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Ad server is a useful software widely used in digital ads. These ads involve publishers, advertisers and marketers. They perform monitoring on aspects like the number of clicks, and verify results of the businesses. It is worthwhile to know how these ad servers work.
An ad server serves the purpose of publishing ads in targeted websites according to a predetermined time across geographical areas. Ad servers are widely used by ad networks, advertisers, and publishers.
Ad servers are used to post ads on websites. Ad servers make sure the ads are displayed where they are targeted as per audience, time and locality.
How an ad server works?
Ad serving is a technology that uses software to place ads on websites. It also involves serving ads, optimally target them and choose them according the place and web page.
Ad servers are responsible servers and decide what ads are to be displayed, which are to be tracked such as impression and clicks.
Technically speaking, the explanation goes thus: When a user visits a website, the site gets prompted to send a message to the browser. The browser in turn approaches the relevant server. The server furnishes ads as per request of the browser. The ads are sent to the browser that are displayed in the website. Now the user can get the display ads on the target page. This is how the ad servers work.
What an ad server does?
- An ad server uploads ads as required. It also uploads rich-media. Rich media include interactive means of communication such as animation, audio, games, graphics, text, videos, etc.
- Ad servers make sure the proper traffic of ads happens. This depends on the terms associated with business between the publisher, advertiser and the business owner.
- Ad servers target ads depending on users or content. This is done based on the past browsing behavior of the user. The ad server sends relevant ads to the displayed page. Ads are also targeted according to the geographical location. The ads are programmed to be displayed on target web pages in a certain part of the globe.
- Ad servers furnish the data on impressions, number of clicks, and the activities following clicks, how the interaction and its duration.
Ad servers are an important means of doing business for all those involved in digital advertising. With appropriate planning and managing the ads optimally get good results for ad server usage.
Continue reading →


Two ancient tea pots in the foreground positioned to the left and right, tea with steam in the centre of the page with two moons in the background
Tap Symbol In Tea Leaves
What does Tap symbol mean in tea leaves?
Uncover hidden tea leaf meanings
A Tap is used to gain access to liquid or gas from a container or a pipe and can be controlled.
As a symbol, a tap denotes your ability to control how much success you gain in life. If you happen to see a tap in your teacup, it means that the key to your success lies squarely with you; you can decide to become successful or poor at will.
Detailed meaning of the tap tea leaf symbol
Top of teacup: the tap at the top of the teacup means that you have managed to be where you are due to being able to control your life positively. Though there have been several issues that have arisen along the way, you are able to overcome them because of your strong will to succeed in life.
Help those who have a weak self-will and let them know that, you have to be strong to enable them to rise above the hurdles and come out victorious.
Middle of cup: a tap at the middle of the teacup denotes that, you need to up your game in order to be successful. It all depends on how hardworking you are because this is the only road to success. You need to double your efforts to get to the top in life - as soon as possible. Things happen to equal success. There are several hurdles which present themselves and, you have to be able to break and overcome these, to reach your destination in the goal for success. Make sure that you include your family and friends as they are a vital component of how one can be prosperous. Ask for help and find out how others have been a success. Ask about their strategy. Work out how people around you have achieved success as soon as possible.
Bottom of teacup: a tap at the bottom of the teacup denotes that you lack what it takes to become successful in life. Your personality defines a person who is worried about failure. If you are not comfortable with your own personality and approach to life, why not review things better. The key to success or failure squarely lies with you. You need to choose what you want. As of now, you are in the key to success, but you can turn it around and make sure that you are successful. All you need to do is start working hard, and success will follow you.
Scattered in the cup: scattered taps in your teacup is a good sign as it means that, you have several outlets where you are obtaining your success in life. Share your successes with others who find it hard to travel the path to success; get them to know the rough potholes that they will encounter and how they can go around it and make it to the top of their goals.
Conclusion: the power to succeed or fail in life squarely lies with you.
You have the power to make your life a success and become a shining example to everyone. You also have the power for failure and make sure you use your positive thinking power.
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The Real Reason Oranges Are Sold In Red Mesh Bags
Just because you don't see commercials for oranges on TV doesn't mean that they aren't being expertly marketed to you. According to HuffPost, the way food looks is extremely important, and in fact, it's a billion-dollar business. Essentially, foods need to look tasty, no matter what you're selling. This means lots of research has gone into making everything about the store as profitable as it can be. Everything from where products are placed on shelves to food packaging is all designed to pull you in.
Oranges, in particular, generally come in distinctive red mesh bags, and this was not a random decision on the part of the grocery industry. As it turns out, color is one of the most effective tools that the markets have. In fact, a study found that companies can use colors to "increase or decrease appetite, enhance mood, calm down customers, and reduce perception of waiting time" (via Emerald Insight).
So, which of these does the red bag do?
Selling oranges in red bags has to do with color theory
The red bag actually makes the oranges look, well, orange. If you think about it, the brighter orange an orange or tangerine looks, the riper we interpret it to be. A yellow orange can be instantly written off as unripe. That's the theory behind the red bag — by placing the thin, overlapping lines of red mesh over the oranges, they appear to be less yellow and more orange in color, which makes us interpret them as being of a higher-quality (via Mental Floss). This means you're more likely to purchase a whole bag of oranges than, say, just a few that are stacked by themselves (since those won't look as bright), which in turn means more money for the supermarket.
It's so effective that if you were to put some lemons in the same red mesh bag, they would appear much more orange. This is also why lemons are usually sold in yellow or green mesh bags — to make them look as yellow and green as possible, respectively (via Reader's Digest).
How to see beyond the red mesh bag when buying oranges
What does all this mean for your buying decisions? After all, it's one thing to know the red bag secret, but how can you really tell which oranges are the ripest if the color can't be trusted?
Buying local and organic is always a good way to beat the system and ensure high-quality produce. If you can't make it to the farmers market, though, there are still a few tricks you can use. Taste of Home recommends squeezing the fruits to look for firmness, "heft" (the heavier they are, the more juice they contain), and a thinner skin to suss out the sweetest oranges. There should be a smoothness to the rind and no obvious soft spots. Finally, don't forget to stock up between mid-winter and early spring to get oranges in season.


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Hi all, here is the wine bottle that I share with you previously. Wish to know how to create a ring surrounding the bottle? Actually is very simple, you just need to do the follwoing steps:
1. Create an angle plane that intersect with the bottle body. Here, I will refer the angle plane to the current TOP Plane. Open a sketch on the TOP plane and draw a construction line as shown in the picture.
2. Then, when using the Reference geometry > Plane funtion, select the construction line to define the plane position and also the TOP plane as the reference to measure the angle.
3. With the angle plane, now we can create the path of the ring by using the "Intersection Curve" function. Basically, intersection is a function under "Tools> Sketch Tools> Intersection Curve which enable the user to define 3D curve to represent the intersection between 2 surfaces/solidbodies/planes.
4. Now, we can prepare the plane for the sweep profile. You just need to select the 3D curve and pick a point in order to create a plane normal to the curve. Then just draw a circle on the plane as the sweep profile.


EmberCommandEntry Struct Reference
Command entry for a command table.
_TAG_
Data Fields
const char * name
CommandAction action
const char * argumentTypes
const char * description
const char *const * argumentDescriptions
Command entry for a command table.
Field Documentation
◆ action
CommandAction EmberCommandEntry::action
A reference to a function in the application that implements the command. If this entry refers to a nested command, then action field has to be set to NULL.
◆ argumentDescriptions
const char* const* EmberCommandEntry::argumentDescriptions
An array of strings, with a NULL terminator, indicating what each argument is.
◆ argumentTypes
const char* EmberCommandEntry::argumentTypes
In case of normal (non-nested) commands, argumentTypes is a string that specifies the number and types of arguments the command accepts. The argument specifiers are:
 - u: one-byte unsigned integer.
 - v: two-byte unsigned integer
 - w: four-byte unsigned integer
 - s: one-byte signed integer
 - r: two-byte signed integer
 - q: four-byte signed integer
 - b: string. The argument can be entered in ascii by using quotes, for example: "foo". Or it may be entered in hex by using curly braces, for example: { 08 A1 f2 }. There must be an even number of hex digits, and spaces are ignored.
 - *: zero or more of the previous type. If used, this must be the last specifier.
 -?: Unknown number of arguments. If used this must be the only character. This means, that command interpreter will not perform any validation of arguments, and will call the action directly, trusting it that it will handle with whatever arguments are passed in.
 -!: Optional argument delimiter. If the command input has sufficient arguments such that the parser ends on a! symbol, then the command will be considered valid, even if it does not necessarily process the entire argumentTypes string. If there are additional arguments beyond a!, but still fewer arguments than the next either the next! or the end of the string, then the command will be considered invalid. Note that this leaves the called CommandAction function to actually validate what number of optional arguments it actually got. Example: Given a argumentTypes String: uu!vv!u!vv The following inputs type orders are valid: uu, uuvv, uuvvu, uuvvuvv The following are invalid: u, uuv, uuvvuv, uuvvuvvv
Integer arguments can be either decimal or hexidecimal. A 0x prefix indicates a hexidecimal integer. Example: 0x3ed.
In case of a nested command (action is NULL), then this field contains a pointer to the nested EmberCommandEntry array.
◆ description
const char* EmberCommandEntry::description
A description of the command.
◆ name
const char* EmberCommandEntry::name
Use letters, digits, and underscores, '_', for the command name. Command names are case-sensitive.
The documentation for this struct was generated from the following file:
 - command-interpreter2.h


Families > Fall >
Christiana Fahl Gravestone
posted May 18, 2010, 6:35 AM by James Wise [ updated Aug 29, 2010, 10:32 PM by Travis Wise ]
Gravestone of Christiana Fahl found through "FindAGrave" at Beavertown Cemetery, Beavertown, Snyder Co, PA. According to the gravestone she was born around Jan 16, 1777 and died Feb 7, 1861. She was 84 years and 22 days old. Other Falls found using "FindAGrave" in the Beavertown Cemetery were Samuel Fall and Cora Fall.
Could Christiana Fahl and Christena Falls be the same person. It is possible, since consistent spelling of names was hit or miss. As far as ages, according to Christiana's gravestone in 1861 when she died she was 84 years old. Her approximate birth date would have been 1877. On the 1860 Census, Christena's age was indicated at 75, giving her a possible birth date around 1885.
Neither the differences in names or age preclude them from being the same person, but more information is needed to know either way.


text:
USC Office of Classroom Scheduling
Responsiblities and Functions:
- Assigns 218 university general use classrooms (auditoria, lecture classrooms,
seminar rooms) for the majority of classes held on the University Park
- Accommodates time, day, and room changes in general use classrooms.
- Reserves available classroom space for one-day and special event reservations
coordinated through authorized departmental personnel.
- Coordinates the rescheduling of classes during the final examination period.
- Surveys general use classrooms to determine condition of rooms and make
- Maintains records and data on general use classrooms.
- Prepares classroom space utilization reports.
To reserve a room, click here:


text:
Import data from a CSV file into Trello cards. Assign members, include formatted text, and add the cards to your desired Trello lists all in one simple upload.
1. Connect your Trello account
2. Upload your CSV file
3. Map the columns you wish to import
4. Start the import and see the results in Trello


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Etymological Meaning of the Bird of Paradise Flower
All five different Bird of Paradise flowers get grouped together under the Strelitzia scientific name. While the common name comes from the bird-like appearance of the bloom, the scientific name is drawn from Queen Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. She was married to King George III when the flower was first imported into Great Britain, so the royal gardener named it after her. It's also more commonly called the crane flower in its native home.
Symbolism of the Bird of Paradise Flower
The Bird of Paradise symbolizes many different meanings because it's such an exotic and unusual flower. Everyone that encountered it developed their own idea of the bloom as a symbol. As a native lily from South Africa, freedom and beauty are the two traditional meanings that stand out the most. The Bird of Paradise also means a royalty lineage or bearing due to its association with ruling families. The sheer beauty of the contrasting petals makes it an obvious symbol of excellence and success. It's not commonly used as a birth flower, but it is the floral gift given for the 9th wedding anniversary since the Bird of Paradise is reminiscent of faithfulness. As one of the largest individual blooms used for arranging, it's usually used in the center with clusters of smaller matching flowers to make a statement.
Bird of Paradise Flower Colour Meanings
Since all the Bird of Paradise varieties feature different sets of two contrasting colors, the contrast has more meaning than the specific colors. The look created by combining bright orange and purple or gold and dark blue petals truly makes the flower look alive and like a bird about to take off from the plant's stem. All five varieties sport bright colors rather than muted or pale tones, adding passion and energy to the symbolism behind them.
Meaningful Botanical Characteristics of the Bird of Paradise Flower
While they respond well to being kept in a greenhouse or other humid and warm environment, there is still relatively little breeding of Bird of Paradise plants to produce new varieties. All five types currently available developed in the wild on their own. These plants usually rely on nectar-feeding sunbirds for pollination, so professionals and hobbyists that want to breed their own flowers must do the delicate work themselves with special tools. A few plants that share the same name with the Bird of Paradise are used for medicinal purposes, but the true version is poisonous and offers no medicinal or edible value. The unscented plant also produces no oils or absolutes for perfume formulation.
Special Occasions for the Bird of Paradise Flowers
Wondering when to splurge on a big Bird of Paradise as a gift for someone else? Stick with an appropriate occasion like:
- Birthdays, especially for adults that already have everything else
- Congratulating someone on a promotion, graduation, or other success
- Celebrating the handling of a sticky situation in a graceful way
- Birth and relocation announcements, or any celebration of a new beginning
- Farewell parties for people departing on long trips
The Bird of Paradise Flower's Message Is…
Stay open to new possibilities and seek your freedom wherever you can find it. Explore the world with a sense of optimism and excitement.


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If the number entered at the prompt has a 'g' suffix (e.g., 123g), then Lynx will make the link corresponding to that number the current link, paging as appropriate if the link does not appear in the currently displayed page. The 'g' suffix is inferred (need not be entered) for form fields in Form fields are numbered or Links and form fields are numbered mode.
Alternatively, if the number is given a 'p' suffix (e.g., 123p), Lynx will make the page corresponding to that number the currently displayed page, and the first link on that page, if any, the current link. The 'g' and 'p' suffixes thus convert the Follow link (or goto link or page) number: feature to an advanced navigation aid.
Finally, a user may add a + or - suffix to a number command to indicate jumping forward or back relative to the current link or page. For example, typing 1g+ followed by RETURN will move the current link to the next numbered link, skipping any intervening pages or unnumbered links; 1ggoes to the preceding numbered link. On a page without links, 3g+ goes to the 3rd link following the page. 5p+ skips ahead 5 pages, and so on. You can also enter 5+ or 5-, which will activate the 5th link ahead/behind where you are currently positioned. Note that typing 1g+ is different from typing a down arrow in that 1g+ skips pages containing no links, or intervening non-numbered links, such as form fields when form fields are not numbered. It also differs from the command in that 1g+ does not skip over whole textareas, unless form fields are not numbered.
NOTE: 1+g 1-g 1+p 1-p are all recognized as equivalent to 1g+ 1g- 1p+ 1p-. Any other (mistyped) characters end the formula: e.g. 1gh+ is treated as 1g.
If the user has set Keypad mode to Numbers act as arrows, then only '0', rather than every number, will be treated as an F_LINK_NUM command for invoking the Follow link (or goto link or page) number: prompt. The '0' will not be treated as the first digit for the number, or number plus suffix, entry.
Numbers are associated with form fields only when Form fields are numbered or Links and form fields are numbered mode has been selected. If you have selected Numbers act as arrows or Links are numbered mode, you can seek form fields in the document via WHEREIS searches for strings in their displayed values. If they are INPUT or TEXTAREA fields with no values as yet, you can use two or more underscores as the search string, because underscores are used as placeholders for form fields in the displayed document.
When you have invoked a popup window for a list of OPTIONs in a form's SELECT block, each OPTION is associated with a number, and that number will be displayed in Form fields are numbered or Links and form fields are numbered mode. In any keypad mode, the F_LINK_NUM ('0') command will invoke a Select option (or page) number: prompt, and you can enter a number, and optionally a 'g' or 'p' suffix, to select or seek an OPTION in that list. If only a number is entered at the prompt, the corresponding OPTION will be selected and the popup will be retracted. If the 'g' suffix is included, then you will be positioned on the corresponding OPTION in the list, paging through the list if necessary, but it will not be treated as selected unless you enter the ACTIVATE (RETURN or right-arrow) command when positioned on the OPTION. For purposes of paging (e.g., in conjunction with the 'p' suffix), a page is defined as the number of OPTIONs displayed within the vertical dimension of the popup window. Finally, the + and - suffixes can be used to move forward or back from the current option or page in a popup menu, similarly to the way they are used for links For example, while viewing a popup window, the user can type 3p+ and RETURN to skip ahead 3 pages, and 50gwill move the current selection back 50 options. This will work whether or not keypad mode is Form fields are numbered or Links and form fields are numbered since options are numbered internally. If form field numbering is turned off, the option numbers won't appear on screen, but the user can still navigate using these commands.
Note that HTML can be structured so that it includes hidden links, i.e., without a visible link name intended for ACTIVATE-ing the link. Such links may be created, for example, by making an IMG element the sole content of an Anchor element, and including an ALT="" attribute name/value pair to suppress access to the link when the browser does not have support for image handling available. They also can be created by having truly empty Anchor content, in cases for which the value of an Anchor's HREF attribute is intended as a navigation aid for robots (typically indexers) and not as content for a browser's rendition of the document. With the -ismap command line switch, Lynx will additionally treat a link to a server-side image maps as hidden if there also is a client-side map for the same image. Finally, in some cases links that are not intended to be hidden may effectively become hidden links because of bad HTML. The hidden links differ from Anchors that have only a NAME or ID attribute name/value pair (intended as positioning targets from other links which do have HREF attributes and values that include a fragment).
Lynx respects instructions for hidden links and normally does not include them in the rendition of the document. However, if the command line switch -hiddenlinks=merge is used, such links will still be numbered in sequence with other links which are not hidden, and if Links are numbered mode is also on, link numbers will appear for them in the displayed text (except for links to image maps which are hidden because of -ismap). If -hiddenlinks=listonly or -hiddenlinks=ignore is in effect, hidden links will not be shown in the text even in links are numbered mode. Not using a -hiddenlinks flag at all is equivalent to -hiddenlinks=listonly.
If a document includes hidden links, they will be reported, with appropriate labeling, in the menus created for the LIST ('l') or ADDRLIST ('A') commands, unless -hiddenlinks=ignore is used. They can then be ACTIVATE-ed via those menus. Also, if a link was hidden because of an ALT attribute in an IMG element, it will be converted to a visible link whenever the IMAGE_TOGGLE ('*') command is used to create links for SRC attribute values of IMG elements, because this indicates that the user does have some form of image handling enabled via a helper application, or wishes to download files for subsequent use with a graphic browser or other suitable software.
HTML forms also may have fields with a HIDDEN attribute, indicating that a name/value pair for the fields should be included in the content submitted for the form, but the value should not be displayed in the rendered form. Lynx respects this attribute as well, and neither displays the HIDDEN field, nor assigns it a number for the F_LINK_NUM ('0') command and Form fields are numbered or Links and form fields are numbered keypad mode handling, nor includes an entry for it in the menus created for the LIST ('l') or ADDRLIST ('A') commands. However, the HIDDEN name/value pairs are included in any displays of submitted form content in the Information about the current document that is invoked by the INFO ('=') command.


text:
By Lisa Buchanan
December 13, 2011, 3:56 pm
Whether on a stage or in the shower, everybody sings and for some, this everyday activity has important health benefits.
Thanks to a team of researchers at the University of Saskatchewan, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may soon be singing as part of their standard care. COPD affects the air passages in the lungs and makes it hard to breathe. U of S nursing Professor Donna Goodridge and her team are examining how singing can help people already involved in traditional pulmonary rehabilitation further improve their health and wellness.
The study, the first of its kind in Canada, is already showing results.
"My breathing has really improved," said participant Betty Braun. "Even though I'm not the best singer, we've been encouraged to sing at home and I've been doing that, too. It's all been working really, really well."
Symptoms of COPD include a persistent cough, shortness of breath and fatigue. As a result, people with COPD often have trouble carrying out normal activities. "Over 1.5 million Canadians currently report a diagnosis of COPD and there may be just as many Canadians who have the condition, but haven't been diagnosed yet," said Goodridge. She said singing has received relatively little attention as a form of pulmonary rehabilitation.
Rehabilitation programs focus on education and exercise, and as an exercise for the lungs, singing is a natural fit. It requires effective control of the breath and engages respiratory muscles in ways that are different from just talking or exercise.
"Singing is physical work," said music therapist Ruth Eliason. "It takes effort to sing, to have breath control and support of that breath."
Funded by the Lung Association's Canadian Respiratory Health Professionals section, the project involves researchers from nursing, physiotherapy, medicine, education and music therapy.
The first phase of the research project was completed earlier this year. A group of 13 participants met weekly with the music therapist. "In our singing group, we work on breath exercises, vocal warm-ups and singing, all of which engage the breath in helpful ways," Eliason said.
"The results were very positive in terms of quality of life, perceptions about control over illness, and participants' perceptions of their ability to control their breath," Goodridge said.
Along with the physical benefits, the program is also concerned with the social aspect. Because COPD limits the activities of patients, it can be isolating and lead to depression.
To gather with the group each week "lifts the spirits," said participant Roy Parker, "and you're getting stronger at the same time, so it's a multi-faceted program."
Recruitment of participants for the second phase of the study will begin in January. This phase involves more rigorous cardiopulmonary exercise testing where the researchers hope to detect physiological changes brought on by singing.
The team produced a short video—Singing for Pulmonary Rehabilitation—which will be posted on the Canadian Lung Association website.
Lisa Buchanan is a graduate student intern in the Research Communications SPARK (Students Promoting Awareness of Research Knowledge) program.


Fishing Lure Color Selection – A Detailed Guide
No matter what kind of lure you are fishing with, it will come in a huge range of colors. There's every color out there from black to luminous pink, but why? What is it about the colors that make fish more interested in one color on one day and a different color on the next. There are quite a few factors to consider and here is a lure color selection and guide to make things a little easier for you.
Lure Color Selection And Guide
The Factors
There are quite a few factors to consider when choosing a lure color. Here are the details of what you should think about when picking a lure.
Can Fish See Color?
Scientific evidence shows that fish eyes have both rod and cone cells. Rod cells are used to detect light and contrast. The work in low light and allow fish (and us) to see shapes, shadows, and silhouettes in dimly lit environments. They do nothing to detect color, however. Cone cells are the ones that perceive color but they do need a lot of light to work. If the light dims for any reason, colors begin to fade in vision. Fish have been found to have a lot more rod cells than cone cells, meaning fish pay more attention to contrast, silhouette and shape than they do to color.
Due to the dimly lit environment fish live in, their pupils don't dilate like humans. Their cone cells have evolved to give better details on contrast depending on light conditions. It's thought that the environments they live in have helped their eyes to adapt. Game fish are said to be very good at distinguishing between shades of blue, helping them see blue bait in blue light. Fish that have lived in murky water are better at seeing shades of red, yellow and green.
In my opinion, getting the contrast and shape right is what you want to achieve when picking a lure, but how is it best to do that?
Colors Disappear In Water
Water filters light naturally and by doing so removes certain wavelengths, and the deeper you go the more wavelengths are filtered out. If you're in clean water, the first color to disappear as you get deeper is red, then orange, followed by yellow and green and finally blues and purples. But, this all changes with water clarity and becomes a little more complicated. In water full of algae, green is the most visible color. In silty water, yellow and brown are easiest to see. And in tannin-stained water, red is the most visible.
If a fish could see in full color, it wouldn't matter that much as slowly the colors disappear with depth. What this information does tell you is how to create the best contrast depending on the conditions and depth you are fishing at.
Here is a link so a color chart that shows you scientifically what colors are easiest to see underwater at differing depths and conditions.
Match The Bait & Geography
Most of the time, you are trying to imitate exactly what the fish you are trying to catch are choosing to eat that day. This depends on a lot of factors, firstly what fish you are targeting, where are you fishing and what time of year. Every ecosystem has it's moments when a certain baitfish is prevalent in the area and the predators go crazy for them. Knowing about these patterns will put you in good stead to choose the right lure. If you are fishing in Texas in spring for example, then red is an excellent color to use as the crawfish there are red and the bass go nuts for them. If you're fishing for tarpon in Florida during the mullet run, you're going to use a bait that imitates a mullet and its color, a shrimp pattern is going to be ignored.
Wherever you are fishing, speak to the locals and look online for advice. It also pays to be aware whilst on the water. The more you notice about the situation the better. You may see baitfish swim past and try and match them, or remember colors that worked at a similar time the year before. If you do catch some fish, quite often some of their food will be regurgitated and you can see what they have been feeding on. If you are bass fishing and can catch one, feel it's stomach. If it's soft, then they are eating baitfish, if hard then they're eating crawfish or other crustaceans.
Water Clarity
When you approach the water you are fishing the first thing to think about is what it looks like and what your bait is going to look like inside it. If the water is crystal clear, your bait will be seen easily by fish. If the water is dark and murky, fish are going to struggle to see your bait.
As a rule, darker colors are easier to see underwater and if the water is murky then using a dark-colored lure is the way to go. Blue, black and Junebug are great colors for this situation. You can also opt for the brightest colors in your box, as these are made to be seen in murky waters. Try luminous pink, orange, and chartreuse.
When the water is clear, the idea is to match fish's chosen bait as close as possible. This means choosing natural colors that imitate the baitfish in the water. If you are bass fishing using green pumpkin or watermelon colored baits will imitate the crawfish, perch and sunfish species in the system. If you're fishing in the sea you might go for a crankbait with a blue body and a white bottom.
It doesn't always quite work out as I've mentioned above but it's a good general rule to follow. Never stop changing if what you're using is not working.
Sunlight has a similar effect on the water as water clarity. If you have been snorkeling, you'll know that when the sun comes out, your visibility underwater gets a lot better. It's exactly the same for fish, bait is easy to see on a sunny day and harder to see on a darker day. In terms of lure color, the same rules we mentioned in water clarity apply here too. Dark or luminous colors on dark days and natural colors on bright days. Although, it's probably better to weigh them up together. If you're fishing clear water on a dark day, then use something that is still natural but is either a little dark or has some flash to it. If the water is dark and the sky is darker, then go for the darkest or most outlandish color you have.
Something else that affects how sunlight penetrates water is the surface conditions. If you are a diver you'll know that visibility is much worse when the water is rough than when it is calm. If it's windy on a lake, making a big ripple and lot of surface movement, the water reflects and refracts a lot of the light that hits it and stops it from penetrating. This means that if you are fishing in clear water on a sunny day but it's very windy, you're going to want to think about using a darker or luminous lure.
Summing Up
It is quite a confusing realm of choice thinking about lure color and why it makes a difference sometimes and other times not. Color definitely plays a role, some days having the right color means fish are all over your bait. If you're an offshore fisherman, you'll have seen that on certain days one color in your 8 color spread will be hit all day and the others ignored.
The topics above definitely point to getting the right contrast so they fish can see your bait, this is certainly important. But don't get too caught up in color, yes find a good one but also fish it well. People who keep changing instead of focussing on fishing over catch less than if they had stuck with one color and fished it hard.
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Recall a tranverse metric on a (regular) foliated manifold $(M,F)$ is a positive symmetric $C^\infty (M)$-bilinear form $g$ such that
1) $Ker(g_x)=T_x F$
2) It is invariant with respect to lie derivtives along vector fields tangent to the foliation.
I know that not every foliation $(M,F)$ admits such a tranverse metric, however, I would like to know some simple examples of when this fails. I do know that if the foliation arises as the fibers of a sumbersion, then it always admits a transverse metric, however I would also like to know some examples of foliations not of this form which DO admit a tranverse metric. Thank you!
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You can take a foliation of a 2-torus by lines of an irrational slope. – Ian Agol Feb 7 '12 at 3:48
3 Answers 3
For your second kind of example, consider the foliation of the unit $3$-sphere that is the integral curves of the vector field $$ X = p\left(x^1\frac{\partial\ }{\partial x^0 } -x^0\frac{\partial\ }{\partial x^1 }\right) + q\left(x^2\frac{\partial\ }{\partial x^3 } -x^3\frac{\partial\ }{\partial x^2 }\right), $$ where $p$ and $q$ are relatively prime integers. This has a transverse metric, but it is not the fibers of any submersion from the $3$-sphere to a $2$-manifold.
As for things that don't admit transverse metrics at all, you want a foliation such that the holonomy of the leaves (actually, it's enough to have one such leaf) is not compact. A good example of this is the foliation of the unit circle bundle of a compact surface of negative curvature by the tangential lifts of geodesics of the metric.
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The holonomy group of any leaf is a discrete group, so what do you mean by compact? Did you mean finite? By the way, do you have a reference for this non-existence claim? Thanks! – David Carchedi Feb 7 '12 at 11:59
_USER_: Yes, the holonomy of each leaf is discrete in this case. If the leaf isn't closed, it's trivial and, if the leaf is closed, it's generated by a single element. However, that single element will not preserve any metric if it has a real eigenvalue of modulus greater than $1$, which is the case for closed geodesics on a surface of negative curvature. This is is thoroughly discussed under the topic of Anosov flows, which you should Google for a full explanation. The Wikipedia page on this is quite explicit. – Robert Bryant Feb 7 '12 at 12:58
_USER_: I am a little confused. The holonomy group of any leaf of any (regular) foliated manifold is discrete, by definition, since it is a quotient of the fundamental group. Are you speaking of something else? Are you claiming that if I have a foliated manifold $\left(M,F\right)$ and a leaf which is not compact (and I am working here without corners or boundaries) then its holonomy group has to have a single generator? If so, why is this true and where can I read this? – David Carchedi Feb 7 '12 at 14:14
Also, are you claiming that if there is such a non-compact leaf such that the generator of the holonomy group induces an endomorphism of the tangent space with a real eigenvalue with modulus greater than 1, then there cannot be a tranverse metric on the foliated manifold? Any references, or clarifications would be most helpful. Thank you! – David Carchedi Feb 7 '12 at 14:15
_USER_: You have misread what I wrote or aren't taking into account the fact that I'm talking about the particular example that I gave, in which the leaves are $1$-dimensional and thus are either circles or copies of $\mathbb{R}$. In the former case, the holonomy is generated by a single element (corresponding to the generator of $\pi_1$), in the later case, the holonomy is trivial, in this particular example. The claim about a generator with real eigenvalue greater than $1$ obstructing a transverse metric seems obvious to me, so I'm not sure what you are not getting. – Robert Bryant Feb 7 '12 at 15:55
Another (actually quite close) example of a foliation without a transverse metric: the stable foliation of the geodesic flow on the unit tangent bundle of a negatively curved manifold.
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Could you please give a reference for this claim? and also, why is that it does not have a transverse metric? – Camilo Angulo Feb 7 '12 at 15:51
By the corollary to theorem 4 in Kaimanovich's two page paper "Brownian motion on foliations: Entropy, Invariant measures, mixing" any foliation by leaves of sub-exponential volume growth must have a transverse invariant measure. An example of this is the foliation of the unit tangent bundle of $d$-dimensional hyperbolic space by the normal vectors to each horocycle (i.e. the strong stable foliation of the geodesic flow).
There is a $3$ dimensional manifold foliated by $2$-dimensional leaves without any transverse invariant measures which I think is due to Hirsch (I like it because because one can visualize it in Euclidean $3$ space easily).
To construct it take a solid torus $T = D \times S$ ($D$ a disk and $S$ the unit circle in the complex plane) and a solenoid map $f: T \to T$ which we take to be $s \mapsto s^2$ in the $S$ coordinate. Consider the foliation of $T \setminus f(T)$ by sets of the form $D \times \{s\}$ (each of these is a disk minus two smaller disks). Then identify the outer and inner boundaries of $T \setminus f(T)$ using $f$.
You get a compact foliated manifold (without boundary). Depending on whether the the $S$ coordinate of a point is eventually periodic under $s \mapsto s^2$ or not, the leaf the point belongs to can look like a $2$-sphere minus a Cantor set or a Torus minus a Cantor set. All leaves are dense.
The pasting you did makes is so that each time you want to go through a boundary torus you either square or take a square root of the $S$ coordinate.
In particular the holonomy along any curve which crosses the outer torus exactly once from the inside towards the outside is $s \mapsto s^2$ in the $S$ coordinate. Using this fact you can show there is no transverse invariant measure.
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Human Form
Bone on Musk forest floor
The wave function collapses
Ancient Egypt USA
The columns of Melbourne
The Wave Function Collapses is where recorded observations of the real world are presented as evidence.
What has been captured is the form of the world in which we live, and through digitization, the actual becomes an aesthetic in the new language of desire.
The virtual world The wave function collapses


text:
Twelve months ago, this was one of our images of 2011.
It's a Flame Shell, a 'cryptic' marine species with bright orange feeding tentacles. It is found only in a a very few west coast locations. This one was photographed in 2011 [© SNH] in flame shell beds in Loch Linnhe in Argyll, during one of 15 marine surveys carried out by Scottish Natural Heritage in that year.
The surveys covered 2,000 square miles of Scotland's seabed – a stunning achievement revealing major Flame Shell beds in Loch Fyne as well as Loch Linnhe and other locations.
Now, a year later, the Flame Shell is back in the news, with the discovery of a massive 75 hectare Flame Shell reef in Loch Alsh, estimated to contain over 100 million examples of the species.
This has come from a survey by Heriot Watt University, commissioned by Marine Scotland and will now be subject to special protection.
Note: The image above of a Flame Shell is © SNH and may not be reproduced without permission.


text:
MENTION ABOUT ONE PERSON COMPANY.
ONE PERSON COMPANY
One Person Company is the company which mentions about single proprietorship, it also mentions all the business are carried out in an individual manner, it is categorized into two types they are private limited company and public limited company. OPC can convert itself into either public limited or private limited company. The private company mentions about 2 directors minimum and members are required, whereas in public limited company mentions a minimum three directors and minimum 7 members. One Person Company has been introduced by the company Act 2013.
STEPS TO BE FOLLOWED:
- The digital signature mentioned by One Person Company is essential, get the digital signature's certificate from the concerned person.
- Get Director Identification number from the concerned person.
- Add an appropriate company name and create an application which mentions all details to the Ministry of the corporate office which mention for name availability.
- A document should contain the memorandum of association which also mentions articles of association.
- Put a signature and various documents to be filed should include MOA/AOA with the registrar of companies electronically.
- One Person Company mentioned about requisite fee payment to the ministry of corporate affairs, and also Stamp duty
- Mention detailed information of documents at the registrar of companies.
- Receipt of Certificate of Registration/Incorporation from ROC.
TERMS AND RESTRICTIONS:
- There is no eligibility to incorporate more than a one-person company mentioned or to become a nominee in that company more than once.
- Minor cannot become a nominee or member of the one person company or can hold the share with beneficial interest.
- An OPC is not allowed to be incorporate or converted into a company under section 8 of the Act.
- An OPC is not allowed to take up non-banking financial investment activities including investment in securities of any body corporate.
- An OPC is not allowed to convert any kind of company unless two years have expired from the incorporation date of one person company excluding threshold limit( paid-up share capital) is increased exceeds Rs 50 lakhs or its average annual turnover during the relevant period is more than Rs 2 crores i.e., if the paid-up capital of the company exceeds Rs. 50 lakhs or the average turn-over during the relevant period is more than Rs 2 crore, then the OPC has to invariably file forms with the Return on capital for conversion into a Public or private company within six months period on the above threshold limits breaching.
PRIVILEGES FOR OPC WHICH OPC MENTIONS:
- The most important reason for shareholders to incorporate the single-person company is the limited liability desire.
- Currently, the businesses that were running under the proprietorship mentions a model that could get converted into OPCs without any difficulty.
- Necessary rotation of auditor mentions after the expiry of the maximum term is not applicable.
- Single Person Company mentions and needs to have one-director minimum and it can have the director's maximum up to 15 that also can increase by passing a special resolution as in the case of any other company.
- The provisions of section 98 and section 100 to 111 relating holding of general meetings, shall not apply to a One Person Company.
- Minimum authorized share capital needed for One Person Company which mentions with the share capital of Rs. 1, 00, 000.
- The minimum number of members of One Person Company is one and the maximum number of members of One Person Company is also one.
- One person Company mentions about the Shares. Shares are not allowed to transfer to anyone else.
- In order to subscribe to the securities of the company from giving any invitations to the public, an OPC should be prohibited.
- No OPC can convert into any other kind of company voluntarily within two years from the date of incorporation of one person company except when the threshold limit of paid-up capital being fifty lakhs is crossed or its annual turnover exceeds two crore rupees during the relevant period.
- Under section 8 an OPC cannot convert into a registered company.
- An OPC is needed to give a legal identity by declaring a particular name under which the activities of the company can be carried on. The words One Person Company must be specified below the company name, wherever the name is used, fixed or engraved.
The advantages of one Person Company are as follows
- Separate legal entity.
- 100% control on the company
- Less compliance as compared to the private limited company.
- Funding is easy.
- Limited liability, more opportunities.
- Benefits of being a small-scale industry.
- Single owner.
- Credit rating.
- Benefits under Income tax law.
- Increased prestige and trust.
- General points.
An OPC is subject to the same taxes as a private limited company.
An OPC mentions and increases the individuals borrowing capacity. Banks and Investors chose to give funds to the companies rather than the partnerships and proprietorship.
When an OPC limited by guarantee or shares involves into the contract with the company sole member, who is also the company director mentions the contract terms or offer must be recorded in writing or included in the memorandum. Or recorded in the minutes of the board meeting held next after entering into the contract OPC must inform the registrar which mentions about all contract entered into by the company that also mentions with the company sole member within a fifteen days period from the approval date
1. A boost in the country's economy is seen due to many opportunities and less hassle, given by the one person Company. An OPC mentions about many sole proprietorships. Many sole proprietorships, are converting themselves due to these very same reasons.
2. The registration is easy comparatively, and not much compliance is to be maintained. Requires minimum paperwork, this makes the company all more desirable.
3. As per BSE, One Person Company can act as a sub-broker or as a stock. Apart from all these features, one person companies are helping tremendously in increasing overall India's overall economy. More and more entrepreneurs are coming up for their business set up. No intervention from any third party is seen since that makes highly beneficial.
- Is not possible to mention or to add partners.
- Nearby cost is similar with the private limited company.
Other than most of the companies are using this One Person Company.
The United Kingdom is leading one which mentions One Person Company. A newly introduced concept is the One Person Company which mentions complete details, that is possible to One Person Company precedent set.
A company is formed with one or more persons under this act.
- It mentions and subscribes to the memorandum of association names.
- For an unlawful purpose, a company may not be formed.
Based on the one member company rules, 2003 of Pakistan mentioned and provide for single-member company incorporation
The UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.
In several states of the USA grants and mention the formation of single-member Limited Liability Company.
One Person Company is identified and mentioned by UAE.
Under the Amendment Act of 2004, Singapore allows and mention about single-member formation Limited liability Company.
In 2005 China introduced and mentioned One Person Company.
CONCEPT WHICH ONE PERSON COMPANY MENTIONS:
Information Technology plays a major role which mentions one person company entrepreneurs are allowed to take part in economic activity. It also mentions that every entrepreneur who creates the idea of their own and participate in the marketplace. The individual can operate in the economic domain and should mention about effective contribution.


text:
Definition of jury box in English:
A segregated area in which the jury sits in a court of law.
- Yes, that's correct there, on the judge's right hand and on the judge's left is the jury box, and the witness box.
- Using large video screens placed at either end of the jury box, the prosecutors repeatedly showed an animated simulation of a knife slicing into a human chest.
- Beyond the cold numbers generated by historic fact, McKanna puts people in the jury box, on the witness stand, and on the bench in western courtrooms.
Definition of jury box in:
- US English dictionary
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
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GUELPH -- University of Guelph researchers are studying the ethics behind whether COVID-19 immunity passports would help minimize the spread of the disease in Ontario.
Andrew Bailey, the philosophy professor leading the study, said certification would help loosen COVID-19 restrictions for immunized Ontarians.
"Once people are vaccinated, they don't need that kind of protection anymore, so the restrictions should be loosened," he said.
But Bailey adds it is a massive social experiment that requires planning before being implemented.
There's also the question of if immunity passports are ethical, which Bailey believes they are.
"Just the fact that we're letting some people do things that other people can't doesn't mean it's wrong," he said. "The question is whether it is arbitrary. And this case, my take would be it is not arbitrary."
He continued: "There is a genuine ethical difference between people who are vaccinated and people who don't."
The researcher said there are some potential problems when it comes to the idea of a passport, and people looking for a return to normalcy without getting vaccinated might resort to dangerous measures.
Bailey said reducing the divide between those who are vaccine-hesitant and those who are not is one of the biggest challenges in making immunity passports realistic.
Requiring proof of immunity from certain viruses is not out of the ordinary. Elementary school students require proof of vaccination for diseases such as polio and rubella.
The Canadian Civil Liberties Association said it doesn't support any form of vaccine passport, with the choice to get a COVID-19 vaccine or not a personal one.
"Carrying papers to show that we made that decision has the potential to create a two-tier society," said Brenda McPhail with the Canadian Civil Liberties Association. "The included, those that got the vaccine, the excluded, those who don't."
The idea of vaccine passports has drawn mixed opinions among those in Waterloo Region.
"To have some sort of proof that you got a vaccine, it makes it so much easier for everybody else," said one resident.
"There are some equity issues with it, absolutely," another resident said.
According to Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, the federal government is still looking at the prospect of vaccine passports and requiring some form of proof of vaccination to travel.
Bailey said more research needs to be done to determine the efficacy of immunity passports and that for them to work, everyone needs to have equal opportunity for access to vaccines.


text: We present an iterative inner-outer scheme for the efficient solution of large-scale electromagnetics problems involving perfectly-conducting objects formulated with surface integral equations. Problems are solved by employing the multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) on parallel computer systems. In order to construct a robust preconditioner, we develop an approximate MLFMA (AMLFMA) by systematically increasing the efficiency of the ordinary MLFMA. Using a flexible outer solver, iterative MLFMA solutions are accelerated via an inner iterative solver, employing AMLFMA and serving as a preconditioner to the outer solver. The resulting implementatin is tested on various electromagnetics problems involving both open and closed conductors. We show that the processing time decreases significantly using the proposed method, compared to the solutions obtained with conventional preconditioners in the literature.


text:
LEAF (Linking Environment And Farming) is the leading organisation delivering sustainable food and farming. Working with farmers, the food industry, scientists, educationalists and consumers, LEAF inspires and enables sustainable farming that is prosperous, enriches the environment and engages local communities. It develops and promotes Integrated Farm Management (IFM) and works in three core pillars:
- Facilitating knowledge generation and exchange amongst farmers and researchers through the LEAF Network of Demonstration Farms and Innovation Centres; LEAF develops management tools and resources to support farmers in the adoption of IFM. These include the LEAF Sustainable Farming Review, IFM Guide and IFM Bulletin. Farmers also have the opportunity to see IFM in practice by visiting LEAF Demonstration Farms.
- Developing Market Opportunities through the LEAF Marque Standard.
- Engaging the public in sustainable food and farming through a range of educational and public engagement activities including LEAF Open Farm Sunday, LEAF Open Farm School Days, Countryside Classroom, resources and training.
Role in the project
LEAF is co-leader in the knowledge exchange and dissemination package (work package 7). They also have a network of 38 Demonstration Farms in the UK, which can be interviewed for work package 1 and have links to farmers across Europe and the world who are LEAF Marque certified. The LEAF Marque is a global assurance scheme recognising sustainably farmed products, which can be used as a case study in work package 5.
Key persons involved
- Alice Midmer, Co-leader work package 7, leader task 7.2
- Caroline Drummond
- Laura Tippin, Task 7.2


text:
1. To drive out or destroy the property of by fire
2. To cause to fail, wear out, or become exhausted especially from overwork or overuse
3. To suffer burnout
4. When a fire, candle, or other flame stops burning because it has no more fuel, it burns out.
5. When a light bulb stops producing light because it has reached the end of its useful life, it burns out.
Sinonimi: run off
To run away secretly with one's beloved; SYN. run off.
To escape from the control of
1. To become plastic or fluid or liquefied from heat.
2. To equip with a fuse; provide with a fuse.
3. To make liquid or plastic by heating.


text:
Amount of Calories in Japanese Persimmon Foods
The amount of calories in Japanese Persimmon foods like Jam, Pie and Juices is also different. Calorie content of different Japanese Persimmon foods is:
Calories in Juice: 90.00 kcal
Calories in Jam: 345.00 kcal
Calories in Pie: 284.00 kcal
In nutritional terms, the calorie content of Japanese Persimmon is the energy obtained through its consumption. Here is a simple equation to maintain a balance between calorie levels: The amount of energy consumed must be equal to the amount of energy utilized. If low, the person may become weak and if high, this energy is stored in the form of fat. Everyone needs calories for proper functioning of body and Japanese Persimmon calories will not alter the diet in any hazardous way. Calorie requirements vary depending upon the physical activities, age, weight, height and health of the individual.


text:
Definitions for lacticˈlæk tɪk
Random House Webster's College Dictionary
of, pertaining to, or obtained from milk.
Origin of lactic:
1780–90; < L lact-, s. of lac milk +-ic
of or relating to or obtained from milk (especially sour milk or whey)
"lactic acid"; "lactic fermentation"
Of, relating to, or derived from milk
Origin: From lactis, genitive form of lac.
of or pertaining to milk; procured from sour milk or whey; as, lactic acid; lactic fermentation, etc


The blog sums up the tips taken from one of the interviews of H. Rao Unnava, on the importance of branding in higher education. The Dean of UC Davis Graduate School of Management, he had shared some concepts with a group of Higher Ed officials focused on improving student recruitment, alumni, and donor engagement. He has more than 30 years of research experience in building and maintaining the Institution's brand loyalty. Let's get into what he has to say.
Branding in higher education to Build brand loyalty
Brand loyalty, here in this case education branding is very crucial to getting desired results in Higher Education. The importance of university branding is so intense that it makes a student become emotionally attached to the Institution and more likely to commit to it in terms of donations, referrals, or take some positive action. The journey from student experiences to alumni communications creates access to many different types of touchpoints and therefore many opportunities to build brand loyalty. The more the institutions take advantage of these opportunities to build meaningful engagement, the more loyal and committed the constituents to become.
Develop distinct brand experience
Developing a distinct brand experience begins when prospective students, donors, and others visit the campus. The firsthand experience and feeling of ownership when they are physically present enhances their emotions that can be essential to success. Enrolled students should feel inspired by the institution as they pursue their degrees. In addition, when alumni and donors have touchpoints or visits with the institution, they should feel like they are part of the community. These experiences will build brand loyalty. rebrand, and be returned as positive actions on behalf of the institution.
Exceed high expectations
Higher education Institutions have a deeper level of relationship compared to consumer brands, so there may be a high level of emotional investment that must be met by these institutions. Institutions should prove quality experiences that are consistent with the constituents' value system and expectations.
Involve constituents in branding decisions
Involving constituents in branding decisions might increase their feeling of ownership towards the Institution because they know that the Institution considered them. However, it is important to listen. If the institution comes out with a new identity that is against the values of the most constituted, then there is going to be an issue.
In short, the keys to Institution's brand loyalty are in our hands. Make a difference to the Institution by setting high expectations, informing and involving constituents, and creating a strong brand identity.
To learn more about Engage2Serve's mobility solutions and how they can help meet your institutional or program goals, please click here.


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Question: What are the connected components of the familiar spaces of functions between two (let's say compact and smooth, for simplicity) manifolds $M$ and $N$?
Specifically, I'm thinking of the Hölder spaces $\mathcal{C}^{k,\alpha}(M, N)$ and the Sobolev spaces $\mathcal{W}^{k,p}(M, N)$.
Some comments:
 1. For a smooth function $f:M\to N$, it seems clear that, at least, all continuous functions homotopic to $f$ will be connected to it.
 2. This question is inspired by the discussion of $\mathcal{W}^{k,p}(M, N)$ in McDuff-Salamon's book on $J$-holomorphic curves. There it's stated as an offhand remark that the connected components of $\mathcal{W}^{k,p}(M, N)$ (in the case of $M$ oriented & two-dimensional; I'm not sure if this makes a difference) are the completions of the sets {$f:M\to N \text{ smooth}: f_*[M]=A$}, for $A\in H_{\dim M}(N)$.
 3. If the McD-S factoid is true, there should exist sequences of smooth not-all-mutually-homotopic functions which converge in $\mathcal{W}^{k,p}(M, N)$. (This isn't too counterintuitive, since $\mathcal{W}^{k,p}(M, N)$ presumably contains functions which aren't continuous, & so don't themselves have a homotopy class). Can someone give me an example of this phenomenon?
Please feel free to re-tag -- I can't think of anything really appropriate.
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I'm going to guess that $k$ and $p$ were chosen large enough so that $W^{k,p}\subset C^r$ for some $r\ge 0$, (by Sobolev), so that $W^{k,p}$ maps in the same path component are continuous and homotopic. – Paul May 1 '10 at 21:04
Ah, of course you're right -- I forgot about the Sobolev estimates. In that case, should the McD-S remark about "connected components" be interpreted as meaning "unions of connected components"? – macbeth May 1 '10 at 21:32
I think if you use the methods Dylan and Dan mention below you get that $\pi_0(W^{k,p})=\pi_0(C^r)=\pi_0(C^\infy)$. I don't know a good reference to this, but you could check Palais' book called "foundations of global non-linear analysis". Hirsch's book has results that relate $C^r$ and $C^\infty$ for all $r$, so maybe that and Sobolev embedding does the trick. – Paul May 2 '10 at 14:53
Two remarks: first, homology classes of smooth mappings $M\to N$ do not usually determine homotopy classes, though they do, by the Hurewicz theorem, when $M=S^2$ and $N$ is simply connected (maybe that's what you mean about "unions of connected components"?). Second, life on the not-quite-continuous Sobolev borderline (e.g. $W^2_1$ on a surface) is very precarious, both for analysts and topologists. – Tim Perutz May 2 '10 at 14:57
Thanks to all for useful comments. _USER_, yes, that is what I mean: since intuition (supported by the discussion here) is that the connected components are homotopy equivalence classes, and since homology doesn't determine homotopy, it should be false that the connected components are the homology classes. (But perfectly true that homology classes are unions of connected components.) I am feeling happy that here there be no pathology-dragons. – macbeth May 2 '10 at 15:46
3 Answers 3
up vote 5 down vote accepted
Any continuous map from M to N is homotopic to a smooth map, and if two smooth maps are homotopic, then they are also smoothly homotopic. (More generally, two homotopic functions are homotopic through a homotopy that is smooth except at the endpoints.) The proof involves convolving with Gaussians, and is standard; I think you can find it in Milnor's Topology from a Differentiable Viewpoint, for instance. (It's also appeard on mathoverflow before, but I couldn't find it just now.) The hard issues for smooth vs. continuous functions arise only once you start demanding the maps be injective.
I can't say more about McDuff and Salomon without more context for the quote.
share|improve this answer
Thanks. This certainly serves as a proof of my Comment 1: if two functions are homotopic, then in any sensible topology they are in the same connected component. Paul's remark deals with my questions about the converse: if two functions are in the same connected component of $\mathcal{W}^{k,p}(M,N)$, then there is a continuous function $F:[0,1]\to \mathcal{W}^{k,p}(M,N)$ connecting them, and by the Sobolev inequality $||f||_{\mathcal{C}^{0,\mu}}\leq ||f||_{\mathcal{W}^{k,p}}$ (for $kp>\dim M$ and $\mu:=k-np$) this function yields a homotopy. – macbeth May 2 '10 at 8:13
The McDuff-Salamon remark is in J-holomorphic curves and symplectic topology, top of page 45 in the 2004 edition. They are interested in the Banach manifold $\mathcal{W}^{k,p}(M,N)$ (for $M$ a Riemann surface) because they are about to show that a subset of it -- those maps which are J-holomorphic -- is a finite-dimensional submanifold. – macbeth May 2 '10 at 8:22
Now I see it, and I agree with you: it should say "$\mathcal{B}^{k,p}$ is a union of components of $W^{k,p}". – Dylan Thurston May 2 '10 at 15:16
This got too long for a comment to Dylan's answer.
I like the discussion of these ideas in John Lee's book Introduction to Differentiable manifolds (the relevant part isn't in the google preview). He refers to these approximation results as the Whitney Approximation Theorem, and deduces them from the tubular neighborhood theorem and the Whitney Embedding Theorem. Interestingly, he doesn't use convolution.
Here's a sketch: start with a continuous map from $f:M\to N$, and embed N in R^n. First Lee proves that there's smooth map $g: M\to R^n$ close to f (inside a tubular neighborhood of N, say) and then he uses the projection from the tubular neighborhood back to N to get his approximation to f. Note that since balls in $R^n$ are convex, once g is sufficiently close to f there's a linear homotopy linking them, which lies entirely inside the tubular neighborhood.
To produce g, the rough idea is that near any point x in M, the constant function with value f(x) is a "good enough" approximation to f. This gives an open cover of M, and there's a finite subcover, with a subordinate partition of unity $\phi_i$. The approximation to f is now gotten by averaging these constant functions using the partition of unity: $g(x) = \sum \phi_i (x) f(x_i)$.
Lee explains how to modify this in the case where f is already smooth on some closed subset, and you want to leave it unchanged there. (That allows you to approximate homotopies.)
share|improve this answer
Nice, I didn't know that proof. – Dylan Thurston May 2 '10 at 15:18
For the Sobolev case, I think _URL_ may be helpful [together with the references therein].
share|improve this answer
Awesome! (Short summary: for $kp\leq \dim M$, the connected components can be very strange.) – macbeth May 4 '10 at 22:10
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Did Jesus Have Long Hair?
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Did Jesus Have Long Hair?
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After all, that's the way they've always seen Him portrayed in every painting, drawing or movie. That's the only Jesus they've ever seen. But are those depictions accurate?
The fact is, we don't know what Jesus looked like, because the first depictions of Him weren't done until hundreds of years later. Thus every image we've ever seen of Him is based solely on artists' imaginations.
While we don't know what Jesus looked like, we do know that He didn't look like the common depictions of Him with long hair. After all, this same Jesus inspired the apostle Paul to write in 1 Corinthians 11:14 1 Corinthians 11:14Does not even nature itself teach you, that, if a man have long hair, it is a shame to him?
American King James Version×
In addition to this instruction regarding long hair on men, the Bible also contains circumstantial evidence that Jesus didn't have long hair.
Perhaps the most telling is that when Judas betrayed Jesus, he had to identify Jesus by a kiss. That was the prearranged signal Judas had given so that the guards could identify Jesus. Why did Judas have to do that? Because Jesus looked just like any average man of His day, and they wouldn't have been able to identify Him if Judas hadn't betrayed Him with a kiss.
This incident shows us that Jesus looked like any ordinary, average Jew of His day; there was nothing distinguishing about Him. The messianic prophecy of Isaiah 53:2 Isaiah 53:2For he shall grow up before him as a tender plant, and as a root out of a dry ground: he has no form nor comeliness; and when we shall see him, there is no beauty that we should desire him.
American King James Version×
(NIV) says of Him: "He had no beauty or majesty to attract us to him, nothing in his appearance that we should desire him."
The Gospels tell us that on at least two occasions Jesus slipped away into the crowds when people were trying to kill Him (Luke 4:30 Luke 4:30But he passing through the middle of them went his way,
American King James Version×
; John 8:59 John 8:59Then took they up stones to cast at him: but Jesus hid himself, and went out of the temple, going through the middle of them, and so passed by.
American King James Version×
). He was able to escape harm because He was simply an average-looking man of His day and blended in with the other people around Him.
A Feb. 24, 2004, Associated Press article reports: "'Jesus didn't have long hair,' said physical anthropologist Joe Zias, who has studied hundreds of skeletons found in archaeological digs in Jerusalem. 'Jewish men back in antiquity did not have long hair.' 'The Jewish texts ridiculed long hair as something Roman or Greek,' said New York University's Lawrence Schiffman" ("Jesus Scholars Find Fault in Gibson's 'Passion'"). However, it wasn't at all typical among even the Greeks and Romans, as plenty of statues and coins from the time attest.
"Along with extensive writings from the period, experts also point to a frieze on Rome's Arch of Titus, erected after Jerusalem was captured in AD 70 to celebrate the victory, which shows Jewish men with short hair taken into captivity" (ibid.).
Jesus wasn't the tender, effeminate man with a somewhat angelic appearance as commonly depicted in paintings. He was a carpenter, a builder, a man who knew the construction trade. He knew how to cut down trees and make wooden beams, to haul rocks to build walls, to construct buildings from stone and timber.
The Gospels make it clear that He spent a lot of time outdoors. He hung out with fishermen, the kind of characters who would never respect and look up to a weakling. Yet Jesus had 12 disciples who followed Him everywhere He went and who in time died for Him. They knew Him as a real man, not the fabrication we see in so many paintings.
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What Is Unlevered Free Cash Flow (UFCF)?
Unlevered free cash flow (UFCF) is a company's cash flow before taking interest payments into account. Unlevered free cash flow can be reported in a company's financial statements or calculated using financial statements by analysts.
Unlevered free cash flow shows how much cash is available to the firm before taking financial obligations into account.
UFCF can be contrasted with levered cash flow (LFCF), which is the money left over after all a firm's bills are paid.
Key Takeaways
 - Unlevered free cash flow (UFCF) is the amount of available cash a firm has before accounting for its financial obligations.
 - Free cash flow (FCF), on the other hand, is the money a company has left over after paying its operating expenses and capital expenditures.
 - UFCF is of interest to investors because it indicates how much cash a business has to expand.
 - UFCF can be contrasted with levered free cash flow which does take into account financial obligations.
 - UFCF is preferred when undertaking discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis.
Unlevered Free Cash Flow
The Formula for UFCF is:
UFCF = EBITDA CAPEX Working Capital Taxes where: UFCF = Unlevered free cash flow \begin{aligned} &\text{UFCF} = \textit{EBITDA} - \textit{CAPEX} - \text{Working Capital} - \text{Taxes} \\ &\textbf{where:} \\ &\text{UFCF} = \text{Unlevered free cash flow} \\ \end{aligned} UFCF=EBITDACAPEXWorking CapitalTaxeswhere:UFCF=Unlevered free cash flow
The formula for unlevered free cash flow uses earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA), and capital expenditures (CAPEX), which represents the investments in buildings, machines, and equipment. It also uses working capital, which includes inventory, accounts receivable, and accounts payable.
What Does Unlevered Free Cash Flow Reveal?
Unlevered free cash flow is the gross free cash flow generated by a company. Leverage is another name for debt, and if cash flows are levered, that means they are net of interest payments. Unlevered free cash flow is the free cash flow available to pay all stakeholders in a firm, including debt holders as well as equity holders.
Like levered free cash flow, unlevered free cash flow is net of capital expenditures and working capital needs—the cash needed to maintain and grow the company's asset base in order to generate revenue and earnings. Non-cash expenses such as depreciation and amortization are added back to earnings to arrive at the firm's unlevered free cash flow.
A company that has a large amount of outstanding debt, being highly leveraged, is more likely to report unlevered free cash flow because it provides a rosier picture of the company's financial health. The figure shows how assets are performing in a vacuum because it ignores the payments made for debt incurred to obtain those assets. Investors have to make sure to consider debt obligations since highly leveraged companies are at greater risk for bankruptcy.
Interest expense often appears with differences in timing between interest accrued and interest paid.
The Difference Between Levered and Unlevered Free Cash Flow
The difference between levered and unlevered free cash flow is the inclusion of financing expenses. Levered cash flow (LFCF) is the amount of cash a business has after it has met all of its financial obligations, such as interest, loan payments, and other financing expenses. Unlevered free cash flow is the money the business has before paying those financial obligations. Financial obligations will be paid from levered free cash flow.
The difference between the levered and unlevered cash flow is also an important indicator. The difference shows how many financial obligations the business has and if the business is overextended or operating with a healthy amount of debt. It is possible for a business to have a negative levered cash flow if its expenses are more than what the company earned. This is not an ideal situation, but as long as it's a temporary issue, investors should not be too rattled.
Cash flow from financing activities (CFF) is a section of a company's cash flow statement, which shows the net flows of cash that are used to fund the company. Financing activities include transactions involving debt, equity, and dividends.
Limitations of Unlevered Free Cash Flow
Companies looking to demonstrate better numbers can manipulate unlevered free cash flow by laying off workers, delaying capital projects, liquidating inventory, or delaying payments to suppliers. All of these actions have consequences, and investors should discern whether improvements in unlevered free cash flow are transitory or genuinely convey improvements in the underlying business of the company.
Unlevered free cash flow is computed before interest payments, so viewing it in a bubble ignores the capital structure of a firm. After accounting for interest payments, the levered free cash flow of a firm may actually be negative, a possible sign of negative implications down the road. Analysts should assess both unlevered and levered free cash flow over time for trends and not give too much weight to a single year.
Frequently Asked Questions
How do you calculate unlevered free cash flow from net income?
To arrive at unlevered cash flow, add back interest payments or cash flows from financing.
How do you calculate unlevered for levered cash flow?
The only difference between the two figures is that UFCF does not include debt or financing costs while LCF does.
Why is unlevered free cash flow preferred in discounted cash flows (DCF) analysis?
Because debt and financing charges are not included in UCFC, it provides a more accurate picture of a company's enterprise value (EV), a measure of a company's total value viewed as a more comprehensive alternative to equity market capitalization. This makes it easier to conduct discounted cash flow analysis (DCF) across different investments in order to make like comparisons.
Why don't you take out interest expense in UFCF?
Unlevered means to remove consideration to leverage, or debt. Since firms must pay financing and interest expenses on outstanding debt, un-levering removes that consideration from analysis. Therefore, you do not deduct the interest expense in computing UFCF.
What is unlevered free cash flow margin?
Cash flow margins are ratios that divide a cash flow metric by overall sales revenue. UCFC margin would therefore represent the amount of cash available to a firm before financing charges as a percentage of sales.


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Being part of the community for young people 16 to 25 with SEND
Community activities for 16 to 25 year olds with SEND
What's available if your child wants to volunteer, join group activities and make friends, play sports, have a day out and find online communities for disabled people.
There are many ways for your child to get involved with the community.
Mencap have volunteering positions for disabled people.
There are three Bristol Community Links (BCL) Day Centres where your child can make friends and join group activities. BCL North and South have sensory rooms for young people with autism or complex learning disabilities.
If your child is disabled and wants to take part in sport:
- search our list of accessible leisure centres and sports clubs in Bristol with activities for disabled people
- Parasport UK has a search engine to find sports clubs or check what activity your child can enjoy depending on their disability
- Buds and Suds advises people interested in taking part or setting up inclusive sports sessions
Short breaks are:
- services allowing a child or young person to have a break from their parents or carers
- services allowing parents and carers to have a break from their caring responsibilities
- a chance for families to take a break from their normal routines and do fun things together
Short breaks must meet both the parents and young persons' needs.
They can be for example:
- a day care away from home, such as a couple of hours at a playgroup or a weekend club
- help from someone who will look after your child at home
- a family link scheme where your child stays with another family
Museums and arts
Young people can express their creativity by taking part in plays, workshops or art performances with other disabled people:
- Bristol Museums' staff are trained to help families with autism and M Shed has an art course for people with low level mental health issues using museum exhibits to inspire creativity
- the Misfits Theatre Company is a performance art company with creative workshops led by people with learning difficulties
- MusicSpace is a music therapy charity for disabled people of all ages helping them build relationships
They can also find inspiration by attending plays or exhibitions by other disabled people:
- Firebird Theatre is a company of twelve disabled artists based in Bristol
- Artists First is an art group run by artists with learning difficulties, who exhibit their work regularly
Activities and days out
Many venues are accessible to people with disabilities. You can find them with:
- DisabledGo, a search engine to discover accessible places such as restaurants, cinemas and play areas for you and your child
- Visitbristol.co.uk, which has a list of accessible activities and attractions in the city
- Yourlocalcinema.com, for cinemas showing accessible and subtitled films for people with hearing loss
There are organisations running days out and activities for young disabled people:
- The West of England Centre for Inclusive Living (WECIL) has regular activities such as cooking, sports, games and day trips
- The Brandon Trust, a charity that runs a holiday club for children and young people aged 11 to 18 with mild and moderate learning disabilities or autism
- Young and Free, a friendship group offering activities such as bowling, theatre trips or disco and quizzes for disabled young people aged 16 to 25
Help when out and about
The Safe Places scheme gives your child somewhere to go and be safe if they become worried when out.
You can buy a Radar Key and guide to locked accessible toilets from the Disability Rights UK shop.
The Bristol Parent Carers website has a map of all the accessible toilets and changing facilities.
There are plenty of blogs and forums which are made by and for disabled people:
- Disability Rights UK has a list of online communities or blogs written by people with SEND
- Scope has a disability online community
- top 100 disability blogs by views on Equalitytime
You can find tips and advice on the Online safety for young people with SEND web page.


Does a woman's secretion nullify ablution and is it considered an impurity? – Ustadh Abdus Shakur Brooks
Answered by Ustadh Abdus Shakur Brooks
The maliki fiqh texts always talk about "the two passages" (sabeelayn) but in a woman's case, she has three passages. Also, if a woman is healthy, she is never dry. She constantly secretes vaginal fluid. If she did not, she would actually be suffering from vaginal atrophy. My question is this: Many scholars seem to say that such secretion would require her to make ablution again, but it seems maybe they are making an analogy with me because her situation is different because she secrets all the time. Some women more, some less, but the point is, it's a constant state, like saliva is for the mouth.
In Mukhtasar Khalil it mentions in the chapter of impurities that wetness of the vagina (which is what comes from secretion) is an impurity. This could be found in the commentaries of Khalil namely that of Shaykh Dardir (h.1201) and al-Hattab (h.954) both of which are two highly relied upon works in the Maliki mathab. Furthermore Al-Qadi Abd al-Wahab al-Baghdadi (h.422) mentions in his famous work al-Talqeen that everything that comes out of the vagina is an impurity. Researching the matter, I find that the scholars although they mention it as an impurity they never mention that it nullifies ablution. Furthermore, in the chapter concerning what nullifies ablution, wetness of the vagina is not one of those six things that come from a person's mid section that nullify ablution, therefore it is not to be assumed that it nullifies ablution unless we find the scholars explicitly stating such. Lastly there is another matter to consider, there are women who secret almost all the time as you mentioned which means that they will always be in need of washing the mid section before every prayer which is difficult. In the Maliki mathab there is a general rule concerning the removal of impurities and that is "impurities that are difficult to avoid are excusable". What that means is that a person is excused from having to remove it for the sake of prayer. This rule is mentioned in Mukhtasar Khalil briefly and its commentaries elaborate on the matter.
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Snapchat. One of those revolutionary apps that made an undeniable impact on the way social media apps work. Firstly introduced as iOS exclusive, later take a significant role within Android, too. And suddenly, it started declining to levels that make it almost unusable. Android users report Snapchat crashes, stutters, and overall poor performance. If you are among them, we have a few things to try and mitigate these issues, if not outright solve them.
Table of contents:
How to resolve Snapchat stutters and crashes on Android
If your Snapchat lags, stutters, or crashes on Android, make sure to clear data from the app, reinstall Snapchat, or roll back to an older version via an APK.
It goes without saying that you should be connected to a stable Wi-Fi network or mobile data network. Learn more below.
1. Clear apps cache and data
Let's start with the acknowledged route. Cache and data are there for a reason. Data is, obviously, everything you or the app itself stores on the internal storage. Cache, on the other hand, is there to speed the app's loading time and it contains temporary files. Both are important and both, sadly, can sometimes cause issues.
Follow the instructions below to clear both Data and Cache from the Snapchat app:
- Tap Settings.
- Open Apps or Application Manager.
- Open All apps.
- Tap Snapchat.
- Open Storage.
- Clear Cache and Data.
- Restart your device.
After that, you might need to sign in again with your credentials. If nothing changed and Snapchat still crashes, move through the additional steps.
2. Reinstall the Snapchat app
Even though the Android platform is much more homogenous nowadays, system update or structural changes within the system can affect the behavior of certain apps. And if an app is in a state in which is Snapchat currently, nothing should surprise you. Reinstallation is one way to address this.
Here's how to reinstall Snapchat on Android:
- Tap and hold the Snapchat app in the App drawer or on the Home screen.
- Drag it to the top and Uninstall it.
- Restart your device.
- Open Play Store.
- Search for Snapchat.
- Install the app.
3. Download older APK version
If the current, or even the latest few versions were causing issues, you can always downgrade by downloading the older, well-performing version. This procedure isn't as simple as roaming through Play Store, but it might help you overcome the current issues you're facing.
Here's what you need to do:
- Navigate to APKMirror, here, and download an older (but recent) APK version of Snapchat. Beta versions are also an option but we suggest avoiding them due to the aforementioned stability issues.
- Uninstall the Snapchat app.
- Allow app installation from external sources.
- Install APK, sign in, and look for improvements.
Don't forget to tell us in the comments section below. Thanks for reading and have a good day.
Editor's note: This article was originally published in August 2017. We made sure to revamp it for freshness and accuracy.


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Rushes must be controlled or they can overrun grasslands. According to the Suffolk Wildlife Trust, rushes can be soft or hard weeds that grow in the wild. The weeds provide natural cover for wild birds and can grow in dry or moist areas. Rushes typically grow in environments with low pH levels. Reducing or eliminating rushes is necessary to keep grasslands healthy and prevent the unnecessary creation of shelter for dangerous wild animals.
- Skill level:
- Moderately Easy
Other People Are Reading
Things you need
Cut the rushes. Identify the area of grasslands with rushes; if two-thirds or more of area is covered with rushes, it is time to cut. Use a tractor-mounted cutter to mow and destroy rushes. Cut rushes only between July 15 and the end of July. Trimming rushes too soon may result in the killing of nesting birds, while cutting in the latter half of July makes it an ideal time to uproot the rushes just before they bloom. Always leave at least one-tenth of your grassland rushes intact to provide nesting birds a natural habitat.
Apply herbicides. Spray an herbicide such as Clopyraid to eliminate large areas of hard thistle. Put on gloves and provide a spot-herbicide treatment to smaller areas. Rub the herbicide directly onto the stem and bud of each plant between May and July.
Let goats graze. Place goats in areas where rushes grow. Goats naturally eat thistle and other rushes. Place the goats on the grasslands after they have been cut to reduce the odds of returning rushes.
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Foundation of Anthropology Collections
The first Aboriginal artefacts were acquired in 1835
Museums are dedicated to collecting, caring, studying and exhibiting the objects of lasting value and interest. Collections are the museum's essence. The Australian Museum was established in 1827 but the beginning of its collections cannot be precisely dated. Probably the Museum already had some collections when William Holmes was appointed Museum Keeper in 1829. Three years later some collections were accessible for public viewing, when Dr George Bennett visited the 'Sydney Museum' [Australian Museum] in 1832. In his opinion the best in 'presentation and numbers' was the collection of birds, followed by mammals and reptiles. Bennett recommended extending the collections by the addition of 'native weapons, utensils and other specimens of the arts as existing among Aborigines' (Wanderings in New South Wales … London 1834, p. 67-9). In 1835 Bennett himself became Secretary and Curator of the Museum, a role similar to a director. He set out to 'extend the collections' and presided over the acquisitions of the first 'native weapons'.
In 1835 Thomas Livingstone Mitchell, Surveyor General presented to the Museum 23 Aboriginal artefacts (and 64 birds) gathered on his expedition to western New South Wales. In 1836, retired captain, Philip Parker King and Commander Morgan Lewis donated about 50 artefacts collected during their rescue expedition to Torres Strait.
King was a member of the first Museum Board of Trustees (the Committee of Superintendence of the Australian Museum and Royal Botanic Gardens) and made his donation to the institution he was appointed to foster. Mitchells' artefacts were probably the first anthropology collections ever acquired by the Australian Museum.
Dr Stan Florek, Database Manager


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Reasons for the inaccurate of the flap turning of the magnetic level gauge
Author:vacorda Source:vacorda.com Date: 2016-09-15 16:31:47
Level measurement of magnetic level gauge is the two-color magnetic column to indicate liquid level drived by a magnetic float, can be used for the liquid level detectionof a variety of tower, tank, spherical vessels and boilers and other equipment. Magnetic flap level gauge can be high sealing, anti-leakage, and the level measurement can adapt to high pressure, high temperature, corrosive conditions, it is reliable and safe. It makes up for the glass plate (or glass tube) level gauge's unclear of the instructions display, and the lack of easy to break, it won't be influenced with the high and low temperature from the drastic changes.
The whole process of measurement without blind spots, display eye-catching, intuitive readings, and a large measuring range. After long-term use, if it has the medium sediment in the body of magnetic flap level gauge, it will affect the normal work of the float, and be sure to regularly clean. First turn off the gas-liquid valve before cleaning, remove the barrel of the remaining material. Assembly as it is after cleaning, do not overturn the float, the gasket should be replaced to prevent leakage of aging, tighten the screws.
The usage and installation of magnetic level gauge:
1. Level gauge must be installed vertically, the maximum deviation of 3 °
2. The level gauge 200mm around the body can not have ferromagnetic material
3. If the level gauge more than 4 meters, the installation process must be added to the middle support
4. After installation, it should first adjustment with the magnetic steel along the surface slowly moving, so that all the red side of the flap toward the observer.
5. Before level gauge put into run, you should first open the upper valve, and then slowly open the lower valve, so that the media slowly into the cylinder, so that flap one by one flip tracking instructions. And adjust the zero level with the adjustment screw.
6. In use, due to sudden changes in liquid level or other causes of individual flap failure, can be used to adjust the magnet correction.
7. Before performing pressure test on the container, close the communication valve with the liquid level gauge.
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