Phase plane
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Template:Differential equations
In applied mathematics, in particular the context of nonlinear system analysis, a phase plane is a visual display of certain characteristics of certain kinds of differential equations; a coordinate plane with axes being the values of the two state variables, say (x, y), or (q, p) etc. (any pair of variables). It is a two-dimensional case of the general n-dimensional phase space.
The phase plane method refers to graphically determining the existence of limit cycles in the solutions of the differential equation.
The solutions to the differential equation are a family of functions. Graphically, this can be plotted in the phase plane like a two-dimensional vector field. Vectors representing the derivatives of the points with respect to a parameter (say time t), that is (dx/dt, dy/dt), at representative points are drawn. With enough of these arrows in place the system behaviour over the regions of plane in analysis can be visualized and limit cycles can be easily identified.
The entire field is the phase portrait, a particular path taken along a flow line (i.e. a path always tangent to the vectors) is a phase path. The flows in the vector field indicate the time-evolution of the system the differential equation describes.
In this way, phase planes are useful in visualizing the behaviour of physical systems; in particular, of oscillatory systems such as predator-prey models (see Lotka–Volterra equations). In these models the phase paths can "spiral in" towards zero, "spiral out" towards infinity, or reach neutrally stable situations called centres where the path traced out can be either circular, elliptical, or ovoid, or some variant thereof. This is useful in determining if the dynamics are stable or not.[1]
Other examples of oscillatory systems are certain chemical reactions with multiple steps, some of which involve dynamic equilibria rather than reactions that go to completion. In such cases one can model the rise and fall of reactant and product concentration (or mass, or amount of substance) with the correct differential equations and a good understanding of chemical kinetics.[2]
Example of a linear system
A two-dimensional system of linear differential equations can be written in the form:[1]
which can be organized into a matrix equation:
where A is the 2 × 2 coefficient matrix above, and x = (x, y) is a coordinate vector of two independent variables.
Such systems may be solved analytically, for this case by integrating:[3]
although the solutions are implicit functions in x and y, and are difficult to interpret.[1]
Solving using eigenvalues
More commonly they are solved with the coefficients of the right hand side written in matrix form using eigenvalues λ, given by the determinant:
and eigenvectors:
The eigenvalues represent the powers of the exponential components and the eigenvectors are coefficients. If the solutions are written in algebraic form, they express the fundamental multiplicative factor of the exponential term. Due to the nonuniqueness of eigenvectors, every solution arrived at in this way has undetermined constants c1, c2,... cn.
The general solution is:
where λ1 and λ2 are the eigenvalues, and (k1, k2), (k3, k4) are the basic eigenvectors. The constants c1 and c2 account for the nonuniqueness of eigenvectors and are not solvable unless an initial condition is given for the system.
The above determinant leads to the characteristic polynomial:
which is just a quadratic equation of the form:
("tr" denotes trace) and
The explicit solution of the eigenvalues are then given by the quadratic formula:
Eigenvectors and nodes
The eigenvectors and nodes determine the profile of the phase paths, providing a pictorial interpretation of the solution to the dynamical system, as shown next.
Classification of equilibrium points of a linear autonomous system.[1] These profiles also arise for non-linear autonomous systems in linearized approximations.
The phase plane is then first set-up by drawing straight lines representing the two eigenvectors (which represent stable situations where the system either converges towards those lines or diverges away from them). Then the phase plane is plotted by using full lines instead of direction field dashes. The signs of the eigenvalues will tell how the system's phase plane behaves:
 - If the signs are opposite, the intersection of the eigenvectors is a saddle point.
 - If the signs are both positive, the eigenvectors represent stable situations that the system diverges away from, and the intersection is an unstable node.
 - If the signs are both negative, the eigenvectors represent stable situations that the system converges towards, and the intersection is a stable node.
The above can be visualized by recalling the behaviour of exponential terms in differential equation solutions.
Repeated eigenvalues
This example covers only the case for real, separate eigenvalues. Real, repeated eigenvalues require solving the coefficient matrix with an unknown vector and the first eigenvector to generate the second solution of a two-by-two system. However, if the matrix is symmetric, it is possible to use the orthogonal eigenvector to generate the second solution.
Complex eigenvalues
Complex eigenvalues and eigenvectors generate solutions in the form of sines and cosines as well as exponentials. One of the simplicities in this situation is that only one of the eigenvalues and one of the eigenvectors is needed to generate the full solution set for the system.
See also
External links
fr:Méthode du plan de phase pl:Metoda płaszczyzny fazowej ru:Метод фазовой плоскости


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Improving Georgia's Voter Registry
Supporting local collaboration to improve Georgia's voter list
Georgians polled in a May 2011 nationwide public opinion survey on electoral issues identified voter list inaccuracy as one of the main problems or concerns for them related to upcoming elections. This reflects a legacy of problems with the list over a number of elections. A low level of trust in Georgia's voter registration system, plagued by reports of émigrés and the deceased remaining on the list, would impact Georgians' overall trust in the outcome of the 2012 parliamentary elections and could impede the country's effort to deepen its democratic advancement.
In March 2011, USAID provided support to civil society and government representatives to initiate and conduct a pilot voter addressing project in two districts of Georgia's capital – Old Tbilisi and Didube-Chugureti – to eliminate duplicate addresses and correct inaccurate entries on the voters list. This initiative should help ensure a more precise voter registration database for parliamentary and presidential elections in 2012 and 2013. This would mark an important step toward a free and fair election cycle.
USAID's assistance resulted in more than 133,000 Georgians being linked to new addresses and more than 20,500 to existing addresses. Documents for legalizing nearly 50,000 addresses were prepared and presented to the government's Civil Registry Agency for legalization. Legislation to improve and regulate the process of updating voters' addresses also was drafted to ensure sustainability,
To publicize these results and increase awareness among Georgian citizens, USAID's project gave presentations to the public, media, civil society and government.
- About USAID/Georgia
- Democratic checks and balances and accountable government enhanced
- Inclusive and sustainable economic growth
- Increasingly stable, integrated, and healthy society
- Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment
- Billion Dollar Pledge
- Elections Monitoring
- Programs by region
- News Room
- Working with USAID

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Definition of archdeacon
n. - In England, an ecclesiastical dignitary, next in rank below a bishop, whom he assists, and by whom he is appointed, though with independent authority. 2
The word "archdeacon" uses 10 letters: A A C C D E H N O R.
No direct anagrams for archdeacon found in this word list.
Words formed by adding one letter before or after archdeacon (in bold), or to aaccdehnor in any order:
s - archdeacons
All words formed from archdeacon by changing one letter
Browse words starting with archdeacon by next letter


8 Patient Fibs Pharmacists Hate to Hear
Published on
The following was provided by Pharmacy Times:
When a patient lies to you, you may forgive the first offense, but if it continues, it can become tiresome. Worse yet, it can be dangerous and result in harmful drug interactions, higher treatment costs, or ineffective therapy. In fact, a WebMD survey found that 32% of patients reported "stretching the truth" when dealing with their health care providers. Only 13% admitted to outright lying. Additionally, patients between 25 and 34 years old were most likely to lie to their physicians, and they tended to lie about recreational drug use, sexual history, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Here are 8 patient fibs pharmacists hate to hear: CLICK HERE to read more.
Schedule a Free Demo


' Fertilizer CO2 – Shockwave CO2
SW FerCO2 is a low-cost fertilizer production system and clean CO2 source.
SW FerCO2 is a modified SW Chem Loop system that targets the impurities of natural gas flue gas and cleans the CO2. This system is a horizontal skid that operates as a semi-batch system and uses liquid chemical, either Na or K (Mg to be tested) to target SOx and NOx.
The liquid chemical cycles and mixes with the acid gases in the shockwave under a single contact until the appropriate pH is achieved and leaves the CO2 unreacted. The clean CO2 can then be piped directly into a greenhouse and the fertilizers can be used as a liquid spray to promote healthy and robust plant growth.
Let us help you choose the right shockwave system for you. CONTACT US


Rythukosam TANA
TANA Agriculture Forum Programs
Abstract: TANA Agriculture forum has identified the following short and long term projects to support Andhra Pradesh and Telangana farmers. Agriculture forum is planning to execute these projects in two different phases with the support of TANA executive committee and sponsors. More details on the significance of each project, cost estimates, and sponsorship forms are included below.
Phase I: Time line: December 2016, during TANA tour to INDIA
 1. TANA-PPE: Distribute Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) kits to reduce the exposure of farmers/farm workers to toxic pesticides.
 Cost/kit: $12
 3. TANA-Crop Health Camps: Distribute GreenSeeker, a hand held crop nitrogen sensor that assesses crop health and make decisions regarding the amount of nitrogen fertilizer (e.g. urea) to be applied to the crop. This is a quick way of knowing the soil nitrogen status and nitrogen is a critical factor that effects crop yield and water quality
 Cost/unit: $500
 Phase II: Time line: TANA 2017 conference
 5. TANA-Soil Health Camps: Perform soil testing to reduce indiscriminate application of synthetic fertilizers and input costs to the farmer and leave lesser foot print on the environment. The cost estimates will be posted as committee makes progress on technical and feasibility details.
Phase I
Project 1: TANA-PPE
(Distribute Personal Protective Equipment kits to farmers/farm workers)
Importance of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)farmer-pesticideIn agriculture, a wide variety of pesticides are routinely used for controlling crop pests.
Major goalsAlthough these chemicals have been helpful in improving crop yields, they are toxic to humans if they are exposed to them. In villages, our farmers/farm workers apply chemicals using manual pesticide applicators without wearing appropriate PPE, thus exposing themselves to hazardous chemicals like organophosphates. A slow and repeated exposure to these chemicals causes "Chronic Toxicity". In short term such toxic effects may not be realized but long-term exposure to toxic chemicals will have huge implications on human health and leads to death. It's like death in slow motion
While we cannot help eliminate all exposure, we can reduce some of the exposure by providing simple protective equipment like gloves and goggles. TANA would like to distribute PPE Kits (Figure 2) to the pesticide handlers and farm workers in villages of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.
rythukosam-poster-3Project 2: TANA-Crop Health Camps
(Distribute GreenSeeker/Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Estimator)
Importance: In India, traditionally farmers apply nitrogen fertilizerhandheld-green-seeker-farmer (urea) uniformly as a blanket recommendation without considering crop type and/or soil nitrogen status to obtain higher crop yields. It has been proven that each crop has specific requirements for nitrogen fertilizer. Low nitrogen application will lead to poor yields. Whereas excessive nitrogen application does not benefit the crop, but increases input costs to the farmer/government and environment pollution. Water soluble nitrate is major component of urea drained into water bodies which is harmful to human and animal health. Furthermore, several factors, including soil type, farm practices, and crop rotations effect the availability of soil nitrogen for crop growth. For example, pulses add more nitrogen to the soil due to their nitrogen fixing ability and corn/rice uptake more nitrogen from the soil. Therefore, identification of optimal nitrogen requirement for each crop is critical to maximize crop yields, reduce input costs and environmental pollution.
In the United States, farmers use various technologies to determine nitrogen fertilizer requirements for optimal crop growth e.g, "GreenSeeker" (Developed by Trimble). GreenSeeker is hand held, user friendly, and cost effective crop sensor device (Figure. 3) that instantly measures crop health and provides a reading (e.g., 0.61), similar to measuring body temperature or blood pressure. The reading will be used to determine the amount of nitrogen fertilizer (urea) required from a reference chart specific for each crop.
Reduces input cost to farmers and subsidy cost to the Government
 - Reduces environmental pollution and protect human and animal health
 - Precision agriculture. As shown in Figure 4, this device can be used to develop a crop health map for the entire field using "Farm Scout App" (free) downloaded on a smart phone/iPad. Based on the field map, different rates of urea could be applied within a field rather than uniform/blanket application to the entire field.
Major goals: As a pilot project
 - 10 units will be distributed to reach stations to optimize conditions and test the applicability of
 Green Seeker on our crop varieties.
 TANA Agriculture forum will develop a Telugu version of easy to use manual for GreenSeeker.
Cost/Unit: $500 (GreenSeeker: $500)
Phase II
Soil Health Camps
(Soil Testing and Create awareness on importance of soil health)
Importance of Soil Testing
Soil is an important natural resource that provides essential nutrients required for crop growth. Humans without sound health cannot perform normal functions. Likewise, without having sound health, soil cannot provide favorable environment for optimal crop growth and leads to reduced crop yields. Like we perform routine health checkups to know the health status of our body, soil health needs to be tested periodically. In the past, unknowingly, farmers have taken care of soil health by following good cultural practices, such as applying manures and growing nitrogen fixing crops etc. As the technology has advanced, farmers are depending more on synthetic fertilizers and using them indiscriminately, without knowing what is deficient in the soil. The indiscriminate use of fertilizers not only wastes money but also contributes to environmental pollution. For example, if Phosphorus is low and Potash is high in the soil, one can take the money from Potash and put into Phosphorus. If both are high, fertilizer application can be minimized, which saves money and helps the environment. If both are low, both should be applied to bring their levels up to the levels required for optimal crop growth. Therefore, it is necessary to determine soil health periodically and the only way it can be done is by testing soils.
Benefits of Soil testing
 - Diagnoses whether there is too little or too much of a given nutrient in the soil.
 - Encourages optimal plant growth and increase crop yields by providing the best fertilizer (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potash) recommendations.
 - Saves money that might otherwise be spent on unneeded fertilizer.
 - Reduces environmental pollution by reducing indiscriminate fertilizer application.
Major Gaps in the Current Soil Testing System
 1. Lack of awareness on the importance of soil testing
 3. We have well established soil testing laboratories. However, the biggest issue with soil testing in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana areas has been the turnaround time. Often times it takes several months before the soil test results are communicated to farmers. Hence, a farmer cannot take appropriate measures to correct defects in soils on time.
 5. Less efficient manual soil sample collection processes.
Major goals
TANA Agriculture committee is looking at various options to improve the efficiency of soil testing processes. Committee is hoping to identify a feasible technology to fill gaps in existing soil testing processes and create awareness on the importance of soil testing among farmers.
Sponsorship Form
 1. Name of the Sponsor: ________________________________
 3. Sponsor contact address:____________________________________________
 5. Phone:_____________________________________
 9. Program you would like to sponsor
 Person Protection Equipment (PPE)-$12/kit
 Green Seeker-$500/unit
 11. Payments details: Make payments online via TANA online donation portal _URL_ and select the RYTHUKOSAM TANA program
under the donations drop down menu. NO amount is small amount and all donors will be appropriately recognized in our event. Thank you for being part of sustainable Indian Agriculture in 21st Century and Protect the Natural Resources for Future Generations
Agricultural Forum
Dr. Janaiah Kota
_PHONE_
Dr. Subbarao Yarlagadda
_PHONE_
Dr. Hanumaiah Bandla
_PHONE_
Srinivas Davuluri
_PHONE_


What is the "Red Watermill" painting by E Thomas?
"Red Watermill" by E. Thomas depicts a red watermill with a stilled wheel and a house with smoke rising from its chimney. A boy and his dog explore the riverbank in the foreground, and a girl herds geese back to the farmyard on the other side of the river.
Edward Kirkbride Thomas, more commonly known as E. Thomas, was an artist who lived from 1817 to 1906. He was born in Philadelphia, and he enlisted in the Army and fought against the Seminole Indians in Florida. He traveled throughout the United States before settling in Detroit, where he died. He is known for his pastoral landscape scenes, and it is unknown if he had any formal artistic training.
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Every time the server is started and for each hour thereafter, a date and time check occurs. An invalid date can be one of the following:
- Earlier than the server installation date and time.
- More than one hour earlier than the last time the date was check
- More than 30 days later than the last time the date was checked.
As a preventive measure, when TSM detects an invalid date or time, server sessions become disabled so that the TSM server does not perform undesired actions based on the new system date/time. For example, expiration processing uses the system date/time to determine when to purge files from server storage.
An error message (ANR0110E) is displayed and expiration, migration, reclamation, and volume history deletion operations are not allowed. You may either change the system date if it is in error, or issue the ACCEPT DATE command to force the server to accept the current system date as valid. Use the ENABLE SESSIONS command after you issue the ACCEPT DATE command to re-enable the server for client node activity.
In order to correct this problem, perform the following commands on the TSM server:
- Run the QUERY STATUS command and check for the availability parameter value, which should say 'disabled'
- Run the ACCEPT DATE command, which tells the TSM Server that you are aware of and accept the date/time change.
- Run the ENABLE SESSIONS command, which re-enables the TSM Server again for normal operations.
- Re-run the QUERY STATUS command and check for the availability parameter value, which should say 'enabled'
For the PDF version of this document, send a blank email, with subject line "System date/time change causes ANR0110E unexpected date sessions disabled", to TSM Assist

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Take the 2-minute tour ×
For a triangle $ABC$ in 3D (each point has x, y, z coordinates) is it possible to generate uniform random points on the triangle from only the following data:
Normal of the triangle plane $N = \vec{\text{AB}}\times \vec{\text{AC}}$
Normal of the $AC$ edge plane $U = \cfrac{\vec{AC} \times N}{| \text{N} |^2} $ and $d_u = -U.A$
Normal of the $AB$ edge plane $V = \cfrac{ N \times \vec{AB} }{| \text{N} |^2} $ and $d_v = -V.A$
The two edge normals U and V are calculated such that $\vec{U}.B + d_u = 1$ and $\vec{V}.C + d_v = 1$ (As of yet I don't have the reputation to post an image so of the arrangement but will as soon as I can).
If this cannot be done with the available data what is the minimum amount of extra data required to generate the uniform random points (e.g. A, B, C)?
I am aware that the you can generate uniform random points on a triangle using the vertex $A$ and edges $\vec{AB} = B - A$ and $\vec{BC} = C-B$ as follows:
$S = A +\sqrt{R_1}\vec{AB} + \sqrt{R_1}R_2\vec{BC}$
Where $R_1 \text{and} R_2$ are random numbers between 0 and 1.
share|improve this question
There is no such thing as an "$AC$ edge plane". – Christian Blatter Jan 8 '12 at 12:09
It may have some other name however the peer review journal I am reading refers to it as such. It is the plane which the edge AC lies in which is perpendicular to the triangle plane – cubiclewar Jan 8 '12 at 20:42
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WCC, ACT Alliance, Middle East Council of Churches Appeal for Addressing Needs in Lebanon
World Council of Churches
Sept. 4, 2020
GENEVE, Sept. 4, 2020 /Christian Newswire/ -- In a joint statement, the World Council of Churches, ACT Alliance, and Middle East Council of Churches appealed to address the most urgent needs in the wake of the catastrophic explosion that ripped through the heart of Beirut on 4 August.
"We stand in solidarity with the bereaved, the injured, the displaced and the suffering," reads the appeal. "On behalf of the international ecumenical community, ACT Alliance is launching an appeal as part of the international humanitarian response to this disaster, and we join in calling on the international community for a comprehensive humanitarian mechanism of coordination and collaboration with Lebanese civil society."
The three organizations also recognize and lift up the swift and effective actions taken by Lebanese civil society to respond and to alleviate the suffering of those affected. "The civil society response to the disaster is a significant sign of hope, strengthening people's capacity to overcome this enormous crisis and to restore hope in the society for the future of the nation," reads the statement. "There must be real accountability for this disaster, through an independent investigation."
The organizations call on the international community, through the UN, to ensure that the causes of this disaster are investigated and established by a credible independent process, that those responsible are brought to justice, and that impunity is avoided.
"While immediate humanitarian assistance is essential and fundamental, ensuring long-term resilience is crucial for Lebanon's sustainable recovery from multiple shocks – bringing together humanitarian, development and peace and human security components in a comprehensive systemic approach," the statement reads. "The explosion and its consequences compound a deep pre-existing economic and social crisis, with 50% of Lebanese people living under the poverty line and 400,000 suffering displacement."
The statement urges a comprehensive, detailed and sustained engagement to ensure lasting positive impact.
"This is a critical and historical existential moment for Lebanon - a haven for religious and social diversity in the Middle East - and as such, we are all concerned and called upon to help ensure Lebanon's survival," reads the statement. "With all the tragedies and challenges of its past and present, Lebanon stands as a sign and symbol of living together in diversity."
Read full statement
Solidarity with churches in the Middle East
SOURCE World Council of Churches
CONTACT: Media Office +41 79 _PHONE_, _EMAIL_
Related Links


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Definition of pyrotechnics
n. - The art of making fireworks; the manufacture and use of fireworks; pyrotechny. 2
The word "pyrotechnics" uses 12 letters: C C E H I N O P R S T Y.
Direct anagrams of pyrotechnics:
Adding one letter to pyrotechnics does not form any other word in this word list.Words within pyrotechnics not shown as it has more than seven letters.
All words formed from pyrotechnics by changing one letter
Browse words starting with pyrotechnics by next letter


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Friday 17 May
Mexican cantil (Agkistrodon bilineatus)
Mexican cantil fact file
- Find out more
- Print factsheet
Mexican cantil description
The Mexican cantil is a venomous pitviper that is greatly feared by humans throughout its range (2). Like all pitvipers, the Mexican cantil has a pair of heat-sensitive pits, located between the eye and nostril on each side of the head (2). Its body is a dark brown ground colour, overlaid with darker brown or black bands, often fringed with white or cream scales (2). Juvenile cantils usually possess more distinctive banding and brightly coloured tails, used to lure prey (2) (4).
The generic name, Agkistrodon, is derived from the Greek Ancistro,meaning 'hook', and odon, meaning 'tooth', referring to the hinged, hollow fangs of this species (2). The Mexican cantil has the longest fangs of any species within the Agkistrodon genus, growing to over one centimetre in length (2). The specific name, bilineatus, refers to the pair of striking pale stripes on each side of the head: bi-means 'two' and lineatus means 'lined' in Latin (2).
- Also known as
- cantil, Mexican moccasin.
- Cantil, Castellana. Top
International Reptile Conservation Foundation:
Amphibian and Reptile Conservation:
- Generic name
- The first of the two scientific names by which an animal is identified. An animal's scientific name is the same throughout the world, although it may have different common names in different countries and languages.
- A category used in taxonomy, which is below 'family' and above 'species'. A genus tends to contain species that have characteristics in common. The genus forms the first part of a 'binomial' Latin species name; the second part is the specific name.
- An animal with no backbone. Invertebrates include insects, crustaceans, worms, molluscs and spiders.
- Specific name
- The second of the two scientific names by which an animal is identified.
- A population usually restricted to a geographical area that differs from other populations of the same species, but not to the extent of being classified as a separate species.
- Animals with a backbone.
IUCN Red List (November, 2009)
- Campbell, J.A. and Lamar, W.W. (2004) The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere. Cornell University Press, New York.
- Parkinson, C.L., Zamudio, K.R. and Greene, H.W. (2000) Phylogeography of the pitviper clade Agkistrodon: historical ecology, species status, and conservation of cantils. Molecular Ecology, 9: 411-420.
- Greene, H.W. (1992) The ecological and behavioral context for pitviper evolution. In: Campbell, J.A. and Brodie, E.D. (Eds.) Biology of the Pitvipers. Selva, Tyler, Texas.
- Gloyd, H.K., and Conant, R. (1990) Snakes of the Agkistrodon Complex: A Monographic Review. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, St. Louis, Missouri.
- Bogert, C.M., and Oliver, J.A. (1945) A preliminary analysis of the herpetofauna of Sonora. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 109: 1-238.
- Allen, E.R. (1949) Observations on the feeding habits of the juvenile cantil. Copeia, 1949(3): 225-226.
CITES (November, 2009)
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- download and retain copies of the Material on their personal systems in digital form in low resolution for their own personal use;
- teachers, lecturers and students may incorporate the Material in their educational material (including, but not limited to, their lesson plans, presentations, worksheets and projects) in hard copy and digital format for use within a registered educational establishment, provided that the integrity of the Material is maintained and that copyright ownership and authorship is appropriately acknowledged by the End User.
Mexican cantil biology
The diverse habitats occupied by the Mexican cantil throughout its range suggest it is a semi-aquatic species (2). Individuals have been recorded swimming in streams, marshes and even roadside ditches after nightfall, and the majority of evidence indicates that this species is primarily active at night (2). Adult cantils prey upon a variety of vertebrates, including amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals (2), and there is a single record of a treesnake being consumed (6). Juveniles lure potential prey by 'wiggling' the bright yellow tail as if to mimic an invertebrate, attracting frogs and lizards (2) (7).
The Mexican cantil gives birth to live young (2). Mating usually occurs between December and April, with individuals giving birth from June until August, during the rainy season (2). There are usually five to ten young in a litter, although extremes of three to twenty have been recorded (2).Top
Mexican cantil range
The Mexican cantil is comprised of three geographically distinct subspecies (2) (3). The subspecies Agkistrodon bilineatus bilineatus occurs along the Pacific coast of Central America, from southern Sonora, Mexico, through Guatemala to El Salvador (5). Agkistrodon bilineatus howardgloydi is distributed throughout north-western Costa Rica and western Nicaragua, and has a limited range in El Salvador and Honduras (5). Agkistrodon bilineatus russeolusis found in northern Belize and the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico (5).Top
Mexican cantil habitat
The Mexican cantil occurs in a vast range of habitats, including seasonally dry forest, tropical deciduous forest, tropical scrub forest and savanna (2). Habitat bordering rivers or streams is preferred, but it may also occur in grasslands and cultivated lands (1).Top
Mexican cantil status
Classified as Near Threatened (NT) on the IUCN Red List (1).Top
Mexican cantil threats
Despite its extensive distribution throughout Central America, the Mexican cantil is one of the most endangered snakes in the Americas (2). This is due to the conversion of tropical forest and thorn scrub for agricultural purposes (5), combined with human persecution throughout its fragmented range (1). Populations have suffered declines of nearly 30 percent over the past 30 years and, sadly, populations continue to decrease today (1).Top
Mexican cantil conservation
The Mexican cantil occurs in two protected areas in Mexico: the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve and the Chamela Biological Station (1). The species is not currently afforded any protection from international trade by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) (8).Top
Find out more
To learn about efforts to conserve snakes around the world see:
This information is awaiting authentication by a species expert, and will be updated as soon as possible. If you are able to help please contact:
More »Related species
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text:
selenium 2.4.0, how to check for presence of an alert
I am using the following code to close the alert window :
Alert alert3 = driver.switchTo().alert(); alert3.dismiss();
The alert appears a few seconds after the opening of the main window.
How can I wait and check if alert appears?


text:
Date Added: Nov 2011
Vehicular Ad Hoc NETworks (VANETs) adopt the Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) and Certificate Revocation Lists (CRLs) for their security. In any PKI system, the authentication of a received message is performed by checking if the certificate of the sender is included in the current CRL, and verifying the authenticity of the certificate and signature of the sender. In this paper, the authors propose an Expedite Message Authentication Protocol (EMAP) for VANETs, which replaces the time-consuming CRL checking process by an efficient revocation checking process. The revocation check process in EMAP uses a keyed Hash Message Authentication Code (HMAC), where the key used in calculating the HMAC is shared only between non-revoked On-Board Units (OBUs).


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Coffs Harbour uses ABS information in Strategic Planning
Coffs Harbour, on the New South Wales North Coast, has become a popular place to live, placing extreme pressure on its City Council to maintain adequate supplies of land and associated infrastructure, including roads, water, sewerage, schools, hospitals and commercial development. The Council has been able to meet this challenge through successful strategic planning.
The Council uses census information to review and update its policies and plans. Estimates of resident population and population projections, were used to forecast land and infrastructure requirements for future growth and development. These figures assisted the Council to prepare strategic urban and rural residential land release programs and identify appropriate zonings in its local environmental plan.
Information on occupancy rates, dwelling types, age distribution and household types was also used to predict land take-up
rates - which help determine the timing of land releases, and the level and scope of developer contributions to be levied.
In addition, the Council has an important role in supplying relevant demographic information to service providers to ensure that service levels are appropriate to Coffs Harbour's role as a regional centre.
Business and industry use demographic information supplied by the Council to assist them in preparation of business plans and in making location decisions. Coffs Harbour City Council also receives many requests for census information from community organisations, students and individuals for a variety of purposes. This is an important aspect of Council's service to the Coffs Harbour community.
This case study is provided by Councillor John Essex-CIark
Chairman, Planning, Environment and Development Committee
Coffs Harbour City Council
This page last updated 30 July 2007


How to contribute
The EnMAP-Box is a freely available, platform-independent software designed to process hyperspectral remote sensing data, and particularly developed to handle data from the EnMAP sensor.
The EnMAP-Box source code is hosted in a public git repository at
Approved QGIS plugin versions ("production releases") are available in the QGIS Plugin Repository
The development of the EnMAP-Box is funded within the EnMAP scientific preparation program under the DLR Space Administration (mission lead) and GFZ Potsdam (scientific lead) with resources from the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy.
Everyone is welcome to contribute to the EnMAP-Box
Submit a bug report or feature request
In case you experience issues with the EnMAP-Box, do not hesitate to submit a ticket to our Issue Tracker. You are also welcome to post feature requests or pull requests.
 - Verify that your issue is not being currently addressed by other issues or pull requests.
 - If you are submitting a bug report, please:
 - Report a short description how to reproduce it
 - If necessary, provide a link to the data that causes the bug
 - If not feasible to include a reproducible snippet, please be specific about what part of the EnMAP-Box (functions, widget) are involved and the shape of the data
 - Include your operating system type and version number of QGIS, Qt and the EnMAP-Box.
 - Please ensure that code snippets and error messages are formatted in appropriate code blocks.
 You can use this Markdown syntax to style your issues.
Provide source code
If your are not an EnMAP-Box core developer, the preferred way to contribute your code code is to use pull requests.
 1. Fork the EnMAP-Box repository
 2. Clone your fork
 3. Modify the source code
 4. Commit your modifications
 5. Push your modification to your fork and
 6. Create a pull request
1. Create a fork on Bitbucket
Forking the EnMAP-box repository allows you to modify the EnMAP-Box code as you like and backup your contributions in a separated Bitbucket repository. To create a fork,
 1. log in to and visit
 2. Click '+' and Fork this repository
 3. Select a name and workspace for your EnMAP-Box fork, hereafter called enmap-box-fork
Create an EnMAP-Box fork in
Please read for details how you can create your own fork of the EnMAP-Box repository.
Please note that forking in does not copy git lfs tracked files:
2. Clone the forked EnMAP-Box repository
Clone enmap-box-fork to your local disk:
git clone -n
You might see some git lfs errors. Ignore them.
Go into the repository folder and force to checkout the develop branch.
cd enmap-box-fork git checkout develop -f
You can ignore smuge errors. Add the EnMAP-Box repository as upstream repository:
git remote add upstream
Now fetch git lfs files from the upstream directory:
git lfs fetch upstream
From now on, you can synchronize your fork with the EnMAP-Box repository by:
$git fetch upstream develop
$git merge upstream/develop
to get the latest updates from the develop branch. Call:
$git push
to upload them to the remote
Now install python requirements and run the initial setup for the EnMAP-Box repository, as described in Installation
3. Modify the local repository
As you like, you can continue modifying the EnMAP-Box code in the develop branch or create a new one 'my_modifications':
$ git checkout -b my_modifications
4. Commit your changes
Save your changes by committing them to your local repository:
$ git add modified_files
$ git commit -a -m 'added x, modified y and fixed z' -s
Please use signed commits to label your individual contribution visible. Even better, use GnuPG-signed commits (-S).
5. Push changes back to your fork
A push will upload your changes to
$ git push
6. Create a pull request
Open the Bitbucket webpage of your fork and create a pull request. The pull request will inform us on the changed you made.
Before you create a pull request, please check the following:
 - make sure that every source code file provides a licence notice
 - make sure your code passes the tests and provide tests if your like to provide new functionality, like EnMAP-Box Applications
 - make sure your code is commented and documented
 - make sure your name is listed in the
 - update your feature branch to the current EnMAP-Box develop branch:
 git fetch upstream develop
 git merge upstream/develop
 - rebase your changes and push them to your forked repository:
 git push -f
 - describe your pull request with a helpful title, e.g using the following labels:
 - [feature] a new feature
 - [fix] a fix for a known issue. If possible, please refer to existing issue numbers like in #123 #124.
The EnMAP-Box documentation is based on Sphinx-build reStructured text and hosted at. The *.rst files are located in the repositories doc/source folder.
To build and text the documentation on your local system, navigate into the doc folder and run the make file:
$ cd doc
$ make html
This will start Sphinx and create the HTML documentation into folder doc/build. Open doc/build/html/index.html to visualize it in your web browser.
The software produced for the EnMAP-Box is licensed according to the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License (SPDX short identifier: GPL-3.0), or (if desired) any later version. See either or for further details of the license.
A copy of this license is part of the EnMAP-Box repository (LICENSE.txt) and delivered with each release of an EnMAP-Box plugin.
The EnMAP-Box documentation is published under the terms of the Creative Commons 1.0 Universal (CC0) License. See for further details of the license.
Each source code contribution to the central repository should include a reference to the GPL-3 license terms at the beginning of the file:
 -
 begin :
 copyright : (C)
 email :
 (at your option) any later version.
 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 GNU General Public License for more details.
 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 along with this software. If not, see <>.
An example from the source code can be found here: enmapbox/
Images and other multimedia content from the EnMAP-Box documentation, i.e files within the EnMAP-Box repositories doc/source folder, are published under the terms of the CC0 license.
The purpose of CLAs are to clearly define the terms under which intellectual property has been contributed to the EnMap-Box and thereby allow us to defend the project should there be a legal dispute regarding the software at some future time.
Individual Contributor License Agreement (ICLA)
The EnMap-Box Consortium desires that all maintainers and contributors of ideas, code, or documentation to the EnMAP-Box project complete, sign, and submit an ICLA.
A signed ICLA is required to be on file before an individual is given commit rights to the EnMap-Box repository. The ICLA form for filling and signing is available here.
The ICLA is not tied to any employer, so it is recommended to use one's personal information, e.g. for email address in the contact details, rather than an email address provided by an employer.
Corporate Contributor License Agreement (CCLA)
For a corporation that has assigned employees to work on the EnMap-Box, a CCLA is available for contributing intellectual property via the corporation, that may have been assigned as part of an employment agreement.
Note that a CCLA does not remove the need for every developer to sign their own ICLA as an individual, which covers both contributions which are owned and those that are not owned by the corporation signing the CCLA.
The CCLA legally binds the corporation, so it must be signed by a person with authority to enter into legal contracts on behalf of the corporation. The CCLA form for filling and signing is available here.
Submitting License Agreements
Documents may be submitted by email and signed by hand or by electronic signature. The files should be named icla.pdf and icla.pdf.asc for individual agreements; ccla.pdf and ccla.pdf.asc for corporate agreements. Zip files, other archives, or links to files are not accepted. The files must be attached to the mail.
When submitting by email, please fill the form with a pdf viewer, then print, sign, scan all pages into a single pdf file, and attach the pdf file to an email to If possible, send the attachment from the email address in the document. Please send only one document per email.
If you prefer to sign electronically, please fill the form, save it locally (e.g. icla.pdf), and sign the file by preparing a detached PGP signature. For example, gpg –armor –detach-sign icla.pdf
The above will create a file icla.pdf.asc. Send both the file (icla.pdf) and signature (icla.pdf.asc) as attachments in the same email


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from deep wells in of Bo Kluea District, Nan, has been carried out for many centuries by using traditional wood-based stoves. This study aims to improve thermal efficiency of traditional stoves, while tradition stove structures and salt making methods were maintained. The prototype and tradition stove were compared by thermal efficiency method. The tradition stove was constructed with clay. The prototype chimney stoves have been making from brick plastered with cement. The prototype chimney stove was insulated by filling rich hush in the gap of stove wall which has 3 cm. thicknesses and the end of the chimney. The stove can put 2 pans. Eucalyptus woods were used be fuel for testing the thermal efficiency. The prototype stove increases thermal efficiency approximately by 5.3 percents form normally 9.6 percents. This is achieved by using carbonized rice husk as stove insulating materials to reduce heat loss through stove walls. Salt production cycles are decreased by 25 minutes from 4.5-5 hours and the rate of fuel per day decreased 14-15 kilograms from 257 kg of firewood. Costs to improve salt production stoves 1,545 THB have a Pay-back period 107 days. The improved prototype chimney stove can help to decrease fuel costs and increase the salt production rate. This research is not only saving energy but also keep tradition of local living. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Ponglangka W.,Rajamangala University of Technology at Lanna
ICCAS 2015 - 2015 15th International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems, Proceedings | Year: 2015
The principle of the electrical capacitance properties to measure paddy rice moisture content is presented in this paper. The aim of this research is to design a low-cost paddy rice moisture content meter. Paddy rice was packed in a 600 cm3 cylindrical plastic container with the diameter of 9 centimeters and the length of 10 centimeters. The integrated circuit ICL8038 was applied to generate the frequency signal. After that, the capacitor in ICL8038 circuit was replaced by the cylindrical plastic container. Paddy rice capacitance was computed and applied to model the moisture content equation by using the second-order polynomial regression. The microcontroller (ATmega1280) was applied to calculate the moisture content and the calculation was demonstrated on 20 × 4 LCD display. Weight of each sample of paddy rice was 354 grams. The results of moisture content equation evaluated were 97.91% accurate. The examination results showed paddy rice moisture content was 97.83% accurate. The moisture content measurement range was 6% to 22% wet basis. © 2015 Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems - ICROS.
Intra P.,Rajamangala University of Technology at Lanna
Journal of Electrostatics | Year: 2012
A cylindrical triode charger for unipolar diffusion charging of aerosol particles was designed, constructed, and evaluated. The corona discharge characteristics were studied in this cylindrical triode charger. For the process the current-voltage characteristics were determined, as were the ion number concentration, the n it product, and the mean charge per particle as a function of particle diameter. The discharge and charging currents, and ion number concentration in the charging zone of the charger increased monotonically with corona voltage. The negative corona had a higher current than the positive corona. At the same corona voltage, the ion number concentration in the discharge zone was larger than the charging current for positive and negative coronas, with values of about 197 and 32 times and 645 and 99 times for the ion-driving voltages of 0 and 310V, respectively. The average ion penetration for positive and negative coronas was 0.64 and 0.19% and 3.62 and 1.93% for the ion-driving voltages of 0V and 310V, respectively. The higher flow rate, shorter residence time, gave a lower N it product. By calculation 14% of charged particles of 10nm in diameter were lost to the outer cylinder because of the electrostatic field effect. The charger does not use a sheath of air flow along the walls or the perforated screen opening, it has low diffusion and space charge losses due to the short column charging zone, and is a low complexity and inexpensive system. It worked as well as more sophisticated and expensive commercially available chargers. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.


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Interested in Fresno?
We'll send you updates with the latest deals, reviews and articles for Fresno each week.
Fresno's history is built on the history of Fresno County which was named for Fresno Creek which was named for the vast number of ash trees in the area ("fresno" is Spanish for "ash tree"). Whew! But it was another creek—okay, a river—that really shaped the city's history. On Christmas Eve in 1867, the San Joaquin River flooded the city of Millerton, located in the northeast corner of Fresno County. When the flood waters receded, the citizens moved back... but they didn't forget.
In 1872, the Central Pacific Railroad added a station for its Southern Pacific line to service a large farm in Fresno County; it was called the Fresno Station and was later shortened to just Fresno. Eventually, a store was added to the farm and the station and the first seeds for a town were planted. Many Millerton residents, still remembering the flood, literally packed up and moved together to Fresno. In no time, Fresno displayed the accoutrements of a typical western town, like saloons; it also displayed the effects of a typical wild western town, with a busy sheriff, frequent fires and even its own damaging flood in 1884. Before the century was over, Fresno was incorporated as a city.


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( Birla Institute of Technology and Science Aptitude Test )
Birla Institute of Technology and Science Aptitude Test (BITSAT) is an all-India entrance exam conducted for admission into the Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) campuses. The campuses are located in Hyderabad, Goa and Dubai. BITS Pilani is the 1st Indian Overseas Institute to have a campus abroad i.e. BITS Dubai. BITS Pilani offers many courses such as Engineering, Pharmacy, Sciences, Technology, Management, and humanities
The syllabus for BITSAT consists of similar concepts as NCERT syllabus. For such purposes iGeniusMind has also included deeper and complex concepts in co centric method of learning.
1. No age limit has been specified as such.
2. The candidate should have passed 10+2 from a recognized institute with Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics as compulsory subjects. Adequate proficiency in English is also mandatory.
3. The candidate should have scored minimum 75% marks in aggregate in Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics. Additionally, the candidate must have scored minimum 60% in each paper.
1. BITSAT has a fixed pattern of exam which does not change every year.
2. Only online examination is conducted.
3. The question paper is made up of four parts.
> Part I – Physics
> Part II – Chemistry
> Part III (a) English Proficiency
(b) Logical Reasoning
> Part IV – Mathematics
4. Marks distribution-
> Part I – 40
> Part II – 40
> Part III (a) English Proficiency – 15
(b) Logical Reasoning – 10
> Part IV – Mathematics/Biology (For B.Pharm) – 45
5. Total of 150 questions and 3hrs time duration.
6. Each correct answer carries 3 marks. For an incorrect answer, 1 mark will be deducted.


Faking a Graphical Link
Having text links is extremely important for your internal site navigation since internal links do count for link popularity purposes and the context of your incoming links is very important. Graphical links simply do not provide the same amount of context as a text link does. So basically you can choose to have a graphical menu and get almost no context benefit from it, or you can have a text based menu with your keywords in the links and get a significant context benefit from it.
But what if you could have your cake and eat it too? There is a way. You can fake graphical links.
Now before I get into the meat of this article let me say that you don't always need to have text links in your menu. Changing a graphical link to your "Contact" page to a text link isn't going to give you any real benefit. However, using this site as an example, by using "Search Engine Optimization" as the text we use to link to our SEO category on the menu to the left we are giving that category page a substantial benefit.
So if you're not going to use keywords in your menu you might as well not worry about if it is text based or not.
Now lets talk about faking graphical links. There are two main ways you can get the appearance of a graphical menu while keeping keyword rich text. I will describe each below.
Method 1: Giving Links a Background
We'll start with the best method first so you can skip the remaining pages of this article. Using CSS you can specify a background image for just about anything, including a text link. You can also change this background image using the hover pseudo-class. The end result is a javascript-less image rollover on a text link. Simple huh? Well yes, but not quite that simple. There are a few quirks you should be aware of.
First of all, like any other image rollover, you'll want to preload your images using the javascript below:


Scottish Ghillie Brogues by Thistle Shoes
Shoemaker Thistle Scottish Brogues
The origins of Ghillie Brogues stretch back through Scottish history. A'Ghillie' was an indispensable assistant to a Highland chief – carrying hunting rifles or fishing rods. On occasion, he even carried his employer.
Ghillies walked and walked….through the bogs, rivers, bracken, and heather. They scaled the highlands or scrambled through the lowlands. If walking was hard on a man, it was worse for his footwear.
Ghillie Brogues were designed for the work of a Ghillie. A patterned network of fine holes punched in the shoe leather called 'brogueing' allowed any water to drain while walking. Originally, the laces were above the ankle so the shoes wouldn't get stuck in the mud. Thistle Shoes of Scotland makes Ghillie Brogues as they have always been made. Tough as nails – but with a heart of gold. Not unlike the people for whom they're named.
A footnote:
Why call the company "Thistle Shoes? In the Middle Ages, the Scots and the Norsemen were at war. King Haakon of Norway and his men landed at the Coast of Largs at night intent on surprising their Scottish foe. Removing their boots, they crept on bare feet towards the Scottish army. Then one of the attackers stepped on the sharp spines of a Scots thistle. The yell he made at this unwelcome assault on his feet alerted the Scots who drove the attackers from their shore.


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If you ever find yourself in an Australian forest, don't be surprised if a parrot swears at you. Across Australia, people are reporting that wild parrots are talking to them and that they are not always polite. In fact, some wild birds have learned to speak English and in particular, to use expletives. It is thought that the language skills have been learned from pet birds that escaped from their cages and returned to the wild. The wild birds have picked up the new sounds and have even taught them to their offspring. The result is a weird chorus of English nonsense high in the treetops.
Read by Tina Williamson (Australian accent)
Study the wordsSwears – uses bad language Politecivil, well-mannered Expletivesbad language, vulgar expressions Petdomestic (animal) Skills– abilities The wildthe natural habitat Offspringbabies Weirdstrange Nonsenselanguage with no meaning Treetopsthe highest branches of the trees
Listen on audioboo (and subscribe to i-tunes podcast) here
Do the takeaway test: Wild Parrots Learn to Swear


The Beacon
Is Sea Life Worth It?
Divers were willing to pay the most on average for healthy corals, at around $55 per dive, but they were also willing to pay an average of $35 for sharks and $30 for sea turtles.
As Suzanne Garrett, our dive program coordinator (ScubaSuz here on the blog) put it, "Divers are personally invested in the oceans and truly understand the importance of safeguarding marine wildlife and habitats."
For all you divers out there -- what would you pay to see, and how much?
[Image: Oceana/Juan Cuetos]
Browse by Date


Outdoor Studies Program
The Outdoor Studies Program has three divisions: the Outdoor Studies Minor, the Outdoor Program, and the Adirondack Semester. The Program aims to develop students' appreciation for nature and the human place in it. It provides experiential education through outdoor activities, and academic exploration of different concepts of nature and the human place in it.
Through the Outdoor Program, Outdoor Studies promotes experiences in the out-of-doors and the chance to acquire outdoor skills and knowledge. Through the Outdoor Studies Minor and the Adirondack Semester it fosters an experiential, emotional, and intellectual understanding of nature and human relations with nature. Students participating in the Adirondack Semester study environmental ethics and the natural and cultural history of the Adirondack region while living on a remote lake in the Adirondack Park.
Visit the websites for each of these programs:


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The Meaning Behind "Don't Go Chasing Waterfalls": Exploring the Symbolism and Message
"Don't go chasing waterfalls" is a well-known phrase that gained popularity through the iconic song "Waterfalls" by the American music group TLC. The lyrics contain a powerful message, urging listeners to exercise caution and make wise choices in life. In this article, we will delve into the meaning behind "Don't go chasing waterfalls," exploring its symbolism and the valuable life lessons it imparts.
1. The Origin of the Phrase:
The phrase "Don't go chasing waterfalls" gained widespread recognition with the release of TLC's hit song in 1994. Written by Lisa "Left Eye" Lopes, Marqueze Etheridge, and Organized Noize, the song resonated with audiences around the world, topping the charts and becoming an anthem of its time.
2. Symbolism of Waterfalls: Wat
erfalls, in this context, serve as a metaphor for the pursuit of elusive and unrealistic dreams or desires. Just as waterfalls represent a mesmerizing and captivating sight, they can also be unpredictable, dangerous, and difficult to reach. The symbolism of waterfalls encourages individuals to exercise caution and consider the consequences before pursuing certain paths in life.
Symbolism of Waterfalls
3. Choosing a Balanced Approach:
The message behind "Don't go chasing waterfalls" emphasizes the importance of maintaining a balanced approach to life. It advises against recklessly pursuing unattainable goals or getting caught up in the allure of instant gratification. Instead, it encourages individuals to make thoughtful decisions, considering both the risks and rewards associated with their choices.
4. Embracing Realistic Expectations:
The phrase encourages individuals to set realistic expectations for themselves and their aspirations. It reminds us that not all dreams are feasible or beneficial for our overall well-being. By focusing on attainable goals and embracing a realistic perspective, we can avoid disappointment and make more meaningful progress in our lives.
Embracing Realistic Expectations
5. Learning from Life's Lessons:
"Don't go chasing waterfalls" urges individuals to learn from their experiences and the mistakes of others. It emphasizes the importance of wisdom gained through observation and reflection. By understanding the potential pitfalls and challenges that others have faced, we can make informed decisions and navigate our own paths more effectively.
6. Resisting Temptation and Distractions:
The phrase advises against succumbing to temptations or distractions that may hinder personal growth and progress. It reminds us to stay focused on our true aspirations and avoid getting swept away by fleeting desires or temporary pleasures. By maintaining clarity of purpose, we can make choices that align with our long-term goals.
7. Finding Contentment and Appreciation:
"Don't go chasing waterfalls" also encourages individuals to find contentment and appreciation for what they already have. It reminds us to value the present moment and the blessings in our lives. Instead of constantly seeking external validation or chasing unattainable desires, the phrase encourages us to find joy in the journey and appreciate the beauty of our current circumstances.
8. Empowering Personal Responsibility:
Ultimately, "Don't go chasing waterfalls" emphasizes the importance of personal responsibility. It encourages individuals to take ownership of their actions, choices, and the outcomes they seek. By exercising discernment and making informed decisions, we can shape our lives in a way that aligns with our values and leads to personal fulfillment.
The phrase "Don't go chasing waterfalls" holds a profound message that transcends its musical origins. It serves as a reminder to approach life with wisdom, balance, and realistic expectations. By resisting the allure of unattainable dreams and focusing on personal growth, we can find contentment, make informed decisions, and navigate our paths with purpose. Ultimately, this timeless advice encourages individuals to embrace personal responsibility and find fulfillment in the journey itself.


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Tatenen (also Ta-tenen, Tatjenen, Tathenen, Tanen, Tenen, Tanenu, and Tanuu) was the god of the primordial mound in Egyptian Mythology. His name means risen land or exalted earth, as well as referring to the silt of the Nile. As a primeval chthonic deity, Tatenen was identified with creation. He was an androgynous protector of nature from the Memphis area, then known as "Men-nefer".
Tatenen represented the Earth and was born in the moment it rose from the watery chaos, analogous to the primeval mound of the benben and mastaba and the later pyramids. He was seen as the source of "food and viands,divine offers, all good things", as his realms were the deep regions beneath the earth "from which everything emerges", specifically including plants, vegetables, and minerals. His father was the creator god Khnum, who made him on his potter's wheel of Nile mud at the moment of creation of Earth. This fortuity granted him the titles of both "creator and mother who gave birth to all gods" and "father of all the gods". He also personified Egypt (due to his associations with rebirth and the Nile) and was an aspect of the earth-god Geb, as a source of artistic inspiration, as well as assisting the dead in their journey to the afterlife.
He is first attested in the Coffin Texts, where his name appears as Tanenu or Tanuu, 'the inert land', a name which characterizes him as a god of the primeval condition of the earth. Middle Kingdom texts provide the first examples of the form Tatenen.
With a staff Tatenen repelled the evil serpent Apep from the Primeval Mound. He also had a magical mace dedicated to the falcon, venerated as "The Great White of the Earth Creator". In one interpretation, Tatenen brought the Djed-pillars of stability to the country, although this is more commonly attributed to Ptah.
Both Tatenen and Ptah were Memphite gods. Tatenen was the more ancient god, combined in the Old Kingdom with Ptah as Ptah-Tatenen, in their capacity as creator gods. By the Nineteenth dynasty Ptah-Tatenen is his sole form, and he is worshiped as royal creator god. Ptah-Tatenen can be seen as father of the Ogdoad of Hermopolis, the eight gods who themselves embody the primeval elements from before creation.
Tatenen's ambiguous portrayal is a result of the ancient nature of the period he was worshipped in, as well as the subsequent confusion when he was merged with Ptah. He was always in human form, usually seated with a pharonic beard, wearing either an Atef-crown (as Ptah-Sokar) or, more commonly, a pair of ram's horns surmounted by a sun disk and two tall feathers. As Tanenu or Tanuu, obviously a chthonic deity, he carried two snakes on his head. He was both feminine and masculine, a consequence of his status as a primeval, creator deity. Some depictions show Tatenen with a green complexion (face and arms), as he had connections to fertility and a chthonic association with plants.
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Tatenen. Retrieved 2009-10-21.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 The Egyptian Gods. Retrieved 2008-10-21.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Tatenen Retrieved 2009-10-21.
- ↑ C. J. Bleeker. Historia Religionum I: Religions of the Past, p.68
- ↑ M. Lichtheim: Ancient Egyptian Literature, Vol.3, p.113
- ↑ J. H. Breasted: Ancient Records of Egypt, Part Three, § 411
- ↑ J. H. Breasted: Ancient Records of Egypt, Part Two, § 91
- ↑ Carol Andrews: The Ancient Egyptian Book of the Dead, spell 180
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Intersexed and Androgynous Deities in Religion or Mythology. Retrieved 2009-10-21.
|This article about Egyptology or subjects relating to Ancient Egypt is a stub. You can help by expanding it.|


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ULS IR Lamps are made of high-quality quartz tubes and feature a gold reflector for highest efficiency. The Twin Tube design gives the lamps a higher radiation density and improved mechanical stability. They are available as short-wave, medium-wave and fast medium-wave infrared emitters. This allows you to choose the optimal wavelength for the material to be heated. Dimensions and filaments are fabricated to meet your requirements.
Industrial infrared heaters often use a gold coating on the quartz tube that reflects the infrared radiation and directs it towards the product to be heated. Consequently, the infrared radiation impinging on the product is virtually doubled. Gold is used because of its oxidation resistance and very high IR reflectivity of approximately 95%.


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Part 5—Explore in ICE the Relationship of AOT and CO
Step 1 – Load Two Datasets into NEO/ICE
We will use the Image Composite Explorer (ICE) of NEO to compare the Aerosol Optical Thickness Data to the Carbon Monoxide Data. It requires Java to run on your computer.
Select datasets for use with this tool from the Atmosphere tab where we downloaded datasets for Parts 2 - 4. A maximum of three datasets may be analyzed in the ICE tool at one time. We will choose to look at a specific date in time, September 2005, for the two datasets AOT and CO.
- Go to the NASA Earth Observations (NEO) homepage.
- Find the September 2005 Aerosol Optical Thickness data in the NEO by using Next at the bottom of the page. Select it for analysis by clicking (+) to expand it and then by choosing Analyze this image.
- Find the Carbon Monoxide (MOPITT) dataset in NEO and select it for analysis.
- Choose September 2005, as you did for AOT dataset. Use (+) to expand the options and then click Analyze this image. There should now be two datasets on the right-hand section of the screen. Then click on configure/launch analysis.
Step 2 – Launch and Configure for ICE by Choosing an Area of High CO and AOT Values
- When the analysis configuration launches a new page, it will display your selected dataset(s) on the left side of this window. Datasets can be added or removed.
- Some actions you can take on this page are to select a subset of the image (Select Area), choose an analysis mode, adjust the file size, or download the dataset and the analysis tool for offline analysis.
- On this new page, click on the Select Area tab to choose a subset of the world which will decrease the image's file size for purposes of the ICE tool. This is very helpful if your Internet connection is slower. Using the cursor on the map, you can click and drag a box around your area of interest or you can type in the latitude and longitude limits.
- Drag a box around the South American area of high CO, which also seems to have high Aerosol Optical Thickness values. Be sure to click the Select button in the Select Area frame. This will cause the tool to load only the data for your area of interest, such as South America, instead of the worldwide dataset.
- Click on Launch Analysis.
Step 3 – Use Basic ICE Tools to Explore the Data
In ICE, explore the selected Aerosol Optical Thickness dataset using the Zoom and Pan, Probe, Plot Transect, Distance, Select and Outline Region tools.
- Select Probe and then move the cursor over the image to see what the optical depth values for each of the selected (at most 3) ICE datasets are for the pixel and the location of that pixel. Note that "no data" pixels are represented by "---". No data can occur because of continuous coverage by clouds of that area or the inability of the algorithm to compute a data value with the information available. Select the Probe again to turn the data value display off.
- To use the zoom and pan feature, click Zoom & Roam and then click in the image to zoom in. Continue to click within the image to zoom in further. You can right click (or command-click on the Mac) to zoom out.
- The Plot transect tool is used to graph the data for a select line. Select Plot transect and hold down the mouse and drag a line across an area of interest, releasing the mouse button at the line's end.
- To measure the distance on the image for the length of the line, select Distance and hold down the mouse and drag across the image. The measurement is in units of kilometers.
- To outline (trace) a non-rectangular area in the image, select Outline region.. Do this by holding down the mouse as you move the cursor around the desired area. As with Select region, the area inside the outline and the average optical thickness are displayed on the map.
Next, select Select region. Notice the display of the average optical depth value for a selected area.
Once you have made a selection of an area you wish to further analyze, you can use the Histogram feature which will plot values versus their frequency.
Step 4 – Compare Histograms and Scatter Plots
- Launch Analysis from the configuration page. A new page will display with your images at the top. The analysis tools are along the right as buttons and check boxes.
- When you click on the Probe button and move your cursor across the image, the values of both datasets and a location are displayed.
- You can display either image, AOT or CO. Click on the thumbnail to switch between them.
- Next, choose Select region and trace the area of highest AOT (or CO) values.
- Click back and forth between the two images to see how well the outline fits high values in both datasets.
- Choose the Select region or Outline region tool.
- Select Histogram. The plot (y values) are the number of pixel values which fall in a range of limits on the two color-coded x axes labeled for each dataset.
- Choose the Scatter button which plots the AOT on one axis and the CO on the other axis.
Step 5 - Reflect on the Data RelationshipsHere are some things to notice about the scatter and histogram plots of this area for September 2005.
- The values in the scatter plot seem to cluster in the upper right quadrant, which means that when one of these parameters is high, so is the other. They vary directly. If you select a region that has a range of color, you can see at a glance on the scatter plot the range of values for each dataset quickly.
- The histogram shows that the two datasets AOT and CO generally agree that the highest number of pixels within the outline drawn on the image have the highest values of aerosol particulates and highest carbon monoxide (in ppb).
- Since you looked at the animation stack files for AOT and CO, you should compare some monthly data on fires globally to them. Here is a MODIS Fire Data stack (TIFF 8.9MB Jun30 10) for 2008 you can animate in ImageJ. This stack is called fire2008.tif. Load it into ImageJ and combine with each of the stacks to notice any patterns.
Where and When are the Fires Happening?There are several possibilities to explain the occurrence, location and severity of the fires:
- land being cleared for agriculture
- natural weather patterns that bring electrical storms that start fires in remote forests where it is hard to reach with fire crews
- strong winds that come seasonally and spread fires quickly


Country Listing
Ghana Table of Contents
The Armed Forces in the Past
Ghanaian infantry depart Accra for a peacekeeping mission in Liberia
Courtesy Embassy of Ghana, Washington
The armed forces have traditionally played a significant role in Ghanaian society. The most important factors associated with the growth of the military's role in national life include the emergence of Asante militarism, the British conquest of Ghana, and the political activities of the armed forces following independence.
Data as of November 1994


Animal welfare and sustainability: Can they work together?
Lawrence, A. (Speaker)
Activity: Talk, evidence or presentation typesInvited talk
Animal welfare is now seen as a part of global sustainability goals - here I explore how animal welfare can contribute to debates on the sustainability of animal farming
Period5 Nov 2020
Held atAnimal Welfare
Degree of RecognitionInternational
 - Animal welfare
 - sustainability


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I have problems using the function TIN(linear) interpolation in Qgis. The program crashes when larger areas is interpolated.
Map properties: vector map, Geometry typ = Point, features in this layer: 523851, EPSG:32633 - WGS 84 / UTM zone 33N, files =.shp
When i divide the map into more layer(like 80 000 points each) and then interpolate them together(by adding more layers in the interpolation meny), it works, except some areas still makes the program crash.
Any idea how to solve this? Or have someone had/have the same problem?
Maybe the problem is: can't handle large files or the algorithm have problems triangulate between some points patterns.


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Map of flight path and driving directions from Teresina to Araçatuba.
Shortest flight path between Teresina Airport (THE) and Araçatuba Airport (ARU).
How far is Araçatuba from Teresina?
There are several ways to calculate distances between Teresina and Araçatuba. Here are two common methods:Vincenty's formula (applied above)
- 1217.601 miles
- 1959.539 kilometers
- 1058.066 nautical miles
Vincenty's formula calculates the distance between latitude/longitude points on the earth's surface, using an ellipsoidal model of the earth.Haversine formula
- 1222.381 miles
- 1967.231 kilometers
- 1062.220 nautical miles
The haversine formula calculates the distance between latitude/longitude points assuming a spherical earth (great-circle distance – the shortest distance between two points).
Time difference and current local times
There is no time difference between Teresina and Araçatuba.
Carbon dioxide emissions
Estimated CO2 emissions per passenger is 162 kg (357 pounds).
Frequent Flyer Miles Calculator
Teresina (THE) → Araçatuba (ARU).


The Asian American community is the fastest growing minority in the United States and has a very significant impact on the U.S. economy. This means that as a business owner or C-level executive, you cannot afford to ignore this growing community, and more importantly, you should start thinking about positioning your marketing efforts in a way to attract potential customers in this segment of the whole American Market. Here are some of the main reasons why you should start creating tailor-made marketing campaigns to Asian Americans.
1. Fast Demographic Growth
Asian Americans are extremely diverse, coming from around 40 Asian countries, resulting in close to 6% of the entire American Population. From 2000 to 2010, the population of Asian Americans grew by roughly 46%, and that continues to grow. As they become a significant percentage of the entire U.S. population, there's no reasons for businesses not to engage in marketing activities especially targeted at this group of individuals.
2. Entrepreneurs and Business Owners
22% of the American startups valued at over $1 billion were founded by Asian Americans. They are entrepreneurs, inventors, and create jobs for other Americans in fast-growing companies and industries. According to the U.S. Census, between 2007 and 2012, businesses owned and operated by Asian Americans, grew by nearly 25%, and registered the highest growth of sales revenue (nearly 40%).
3. Highly Educated
Asian Americans tend to have a very high level of education. By norm, the Asian culture has work ethic and formal education as two very important pillars. 42% of all adults in this segment of the population have at a minimum a college degree, which is higher than any other group of the American population. Not to mention that they tend to score the highest GPAs both in high school and college.
4. Purchasing Power
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, in 2014 the median Asian American wage was about $74,000 per year, this is over 30% more than that of a White American. They have the greatest purchasing power of the whole American Population, which means that they'll most definitely consume more, spend more money, invest more, this is all good for business.
If you're not tailoring your message to this hugely important segment of the American population you're definitely missing out. Asian Americans have the lowest rate of unemployment, great education and high purchasing power.
AAM Team
Content Manager at Asian American Media
Asian American Media is a media website with content about business, marketing, and the Asian American community. We bring you the best videos and articles on these topics from experts in their respective fields.
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What Is an EDS File?
How to open, edit, and convert EDS files
A file with the EDS file extension is an Electronic Data Sheet file, also called a Rockwell Automation DeviceNet or ControlNet file.
This plain text format is based on the CANopen standard and is used to specify various descriptive and communication data for hardware devices, usually those within industrial automation systems.
The EditStudio video editing program uses EDS files, too, for EditStudio Project files; as does the Ensoniq SQ10 sound synthesizer, as Ensoniq SQ80 Disk Image files.
EDS files in Windows 10
EDS also stands for electronic dip switch, but it has nothing to do with a file format.
How to Open an EDS File
A free command line program, called CANchkEDS, is also available that can check the validity of the file. CANchkEDS is included as part of the free CANeds tool.
You can also add the file to FactoryTalk Linx (formerly RSLinx) for use with the Logix5000 controller family.
If your EDS file is associated with Mediachance's EditStudio software, then it can, of course, be opened with that application.
The only software we know of that should open Ensoniq SQ80 Disk Image files is called Ensoniq Disk Tools, but we can't find a valid download link. The Ensoniq company was founded in 1982 and was then purchased by Creative Technology Ltd. in 1998, after which they discontinued that division of the company and ended support for its products.
Since there are multiple programs that can open the file, one of them might be used when double-clicking or double-tapping it, but it might not be the one you would like to have open the file. Fortunately, you can change which program opens EDS files.
How to Convert an EDS File
Remember that an EDS file is different than an ESD file. Another similar abbreviation is EDT, which stands for Eastern Daylight Time—convert between time zones (EDT to EST, etc.) with TimeBie.
Still Can't Open the File?
If you've tried the EDS file viewers from above, or even ran it through a converter tool and it still doesn't open, you might be misreading the file extension.
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The following calibration devices are available:
- Calibration swing arm
- White light source (mounted at calibration swing arm)
- Diode source (mounted at calibration swing arm)
The following options make sense for controlling the calibration devices:
- The intuitive location because the OSS TCS subsystem is responsible for swing arms in general.
- All instruments are able to use the calibration devices via TCS.
- The TCS software engineers are forced to write low-level device drivers
- The Arbitrator provides a central interface for accessing the calibration devices. It is possible to have a ICE interface to maximize accessibility.
- The Arbitrator coordinates the calibration devices.
- The arbitrator uses proven low-level device drivers.
- The Argos workstation with the Arbitrator needs to be powered up.
- It is mandatory that one Arbitrator runs for every telescope side.
Calibration Subsystem CAL
- The calibration subsystem CAL will have a similar state machine like the other subsystems like LAS and LGSW.
- The calibration subsystem can provide via an ICE interface access to the devices for other instruments.
- No Argos Arbitrator is mandatory.
- The other instruments must get to know the subsystem state machine.
- The Argos software engineers will spend a lot of time to write this subsystem.
- It is required that the Argos workstations are powered up.
Direct Access To The Devices
- No supervisor program is necessary, i.e. no programming work for Argos software engineers. Other instrument groups can find the manuals for writing low-level drivers on this wiki.
- Every instrument group is forced to develop low-level drivers by their own.


What Snowboard Binding Angles Should I Use?
Your snowboarding stance plays a significant role in how your board will perform to match your style or preferences. And the angles you mount your bindings at are one of the most critical factors in this setup.
I've been a certified snowboarding instructor for the last ten years. I've helped many of my students figure out their binding angles to help them develop their skills and become better riders.
This post will give you some suggestions for what binding angles to use. Everyone has personal preferences or style considerations, so I'll give you a breakdown of different angles to use for various reasons.
Time to get your bindings mounted and get after it.
Initial Thoughts on Binding Angles
Before we get started on some suggestions for what binding angles to use, I want to mention a few initial thoughts on the matter. First off, everyone is different, and everything you'll find here is a suggestion. You can always tweak the angle however you prefer.
It's also good to know the basic terminology for mounting bindings to your board. When your bindings point toward the nose of the board, that's known as a positive angle. When they point toward the tail, that's known as a negative angle.
Most snowboard mounting plates make it easy to adjust the binding angles, so you don't need to worry about figuring out your angle. Also, keep in mind that your stance setup includes the width between your two feet and the setback of where your center is on the board.
Which Binding Angles Should You Use?
The sections below will break down different angles you can use for various purposes. These are basic suggestions that many riders of a particular style will use, but you can always adjust your bindings to an angle that works best for your preferences or style.
Beginner Angles
Most beginner riders will have their front foot at a positive angle of 15 degrees and their back foot at zero or maybe a positive angle of a few degrees. This gives you a little twist towards your leading foot, which can help you stay balanced and engaged as you ride.
This 15-degree stance will make it easy to ride in one direction and is the most common stance setup for beginners. If you don't know your dominant foot or want to explore riding in both directions, you might want to consider a slightly duck-footed stance as a beginner.
As a beginner, I wouldn't ever set an angle of much more than the 15-degrees mentioned above. It can be challenging to learn the basics of turning, stopping, and leaning if you have a very aggressive stance.
All-Mountain Angles
All-mountain snowboarding is one of the most popular styles of the sport because it gives you the freedom to ride just about anywhere on the mountain. The boards also give you a lot of versatility in terms of what type of terrain you can ride, and your stance angles play a part.
I usually go with a 15-degree positive angle front foot and a 6-degree negative angle back foot for all-mountain riding. This is a slightly duck-footed stance that still gives you plenty of control in your natural foot forward. The negative back foot can help you ride switch.
You can easily tweak these angles slightly and get similar performance. 18 positive up front and 9 negative in the back is another common all-mountain angle, but this is somewhat more duckfooted.
Freestyle/Park Angles
Freestyle and park riding styles have unique stance requirements. The main thing with this style of riding is that you want the ability to ride switch very easily – meaning you need to be able to ride in both directions comfortably.
The key to accomplishing this is having a duckfooted stance where your lead foot is at a positive angle and your back foot at a negative angle. That way, when you flip around switch, the angles basically stay the same.
The most common freestyle binding angle is a 15-degree positive angle in the front and a 15-degree negative angle in the back. This gives you the same angles no matter which way you ride.
Some freestyle riders like to extend the front positive angle a few degrees and reduce the back. This results in more like an 18-degree positive angle up front and a 9-degree negative angle in the back.
Freeride Angles
Freeride snowboarding is one of my favorite styles. It involves tackling challenging terrains that you don't always find at the resort. You need to have high-level skills for this style, and you also need to have your binding angles dialed in for quality performance when you need it.
Nearly every freestyle board is directional, meaning it's designed to be ridden in a single direction instead of riding switch. This means that the angles of your bindings will be pointed further forward than with any other style.
My ideal freeride binding angle is a 21-degree positive angle up front and a 9-degree positive angle in the back. This is a bit extreme in the back foot, and most other riders I know like to keep the back foot at a 6-degree positive angle or less.
Regardless of which exact angles you choose for freeriding, I suggest that you go with positive angles for both feet. This will help you stay balanced and engaged when the conditions call for it.
Here are some quick answers to several common questions relating to snowboard binding angles.
What angle should my snowboard bindings be?
Snowboard binding angles can be adjusted to meet your style or personal preferences. If you are just getting started, your front foot should be angled forward about 15 degrees with your back foot at zero or pointed perpendicular to the board.
How should snowboard bindings be placed?
Snowboard bindings can be placed in many different ways. You can adjust the angles that your bindings point, the width between the two bindings, and where the bindings sit in relation to the center of the board.
What is the best stance for a beginner snowboarder?
The best stance for a beginner snowboarder is to have your front binding angle pointed forward about 15 degrees and your back foot left at zero degrees or pointed perpendicular to the board. You can adjust this a few degrees one way or the other for personal preference.
What snowboard stance is best for Park?
A duck stance is usually the best snowboard stance for the terrain park. This involves having your binding angles pointed slightly away from one another and can help you ride switch more easily. The angles can be anywhere from 5 to 10 degrees.
Final Thoughts
Getting your binding angles set correctly can play a significant role in the performance and ability you get out of a board. But remember that it's also a personal preference adjustment, and what works for one rider might not be ideal for you.
Follow the suggestions mentioned here as a starting point, and adjust things until you find the perfect angle for your needs.
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My peach trees have peach leaf curl. (Spring came too fast this year, I wasn't prepared, and I didn't get a chance to spray.)
They're still young/small trees (10' tall), but they've got a bit of fruit on them. Will peach leaf curl affect the fruit? Is there anything I can or should do to protect the fruit?
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Do you think you have the fungal version? – Grady Player Jun 9 '12 at 13:48
Yes, the leaves have red/pink galls, which I think indicates the fungus. – bstpierre Jun 9 '12 at 21:31
I have several peppers in a box indoors. They're growing incredibly and are having small fruits; but they have the leaf curl. Is there a homemade way of treating this, or what spray shall I get? – Neeku Nov 12 '14 at 12:28
1 Answer 1
up vote 3 down vote accepted
The easy answer is yes, (fungal) leaf curl will affect the fruit in the sense that some will drop early and not mature at all and the remainder may be warped or develop tumour-like bulges.[1, 2] On the other hand the fruit might not be affected at all, depending on how many fungal spores manage to get in or near to the flower buds across the tree, or whether they managed to get there at all before the fruit started growing.
There is nothing I'm aware of that you can do to protect this year's crop. Just have to monitor and plan for the autumn and next spring spraying.
 1. "Many infected fruits drop early and go unnoticed; those that remain may become crooked at the stem end like a small yellow squash, while others develop reddish to purple, wart-like deformities on the fruit surface." - Kearneysville Tree Fruit Research and Education Center
 2. "Fruits may drop early, or turn reddish-purple with warty growths on the outer surface." - Yates (NZ)
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Benchmark – outcome and process measures
In a 1,000-1,250 word paper, consider the outcome and process measures that can be used for CQI. Include the following in your essay:
1. At least two process measures that can be used for CQI.
2. At least one outcome measure that can be used for CQI.
3. A description of why each measure was chosen.
4. An explanation of how data would be collected for each (how each will be measured).
5. An explanation of how success would be determined.
6. One or two data-driven, cost-effective solutions to this challenge.
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Adventure Travel News
Sail to Lazaretto Island for a history lesson
Tourists who choose to go Greek Islands sailing know to hit some of the big name landmarks. However, there are smaller islands worth seeing during an adventure.
Those who are making a point to visit Corfu should also make their way to Lazaretto Island, which is just two nautical miles away. Although it's not as well-known as some of the other islands in the area, Lazaretto offers a lot of history.
Originally used as a leper colony in the 16th century, the island has held other uses. During the 1798 French occupation, the Russo-Turkish fleet ran a military hospital on the island, and the land was used again during the British occupation in 1814 after it received renovations.
The island is currently under renovation, as the church that resides on Lazaretto is being restored in order to become a museum dedicated to the National Resistance. During World War II, the island was used as a concentration camp for prisoners of the Greek National Resistance movement.
Posted on Thursday, June 28th, 2012


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Rice Coordinated Agricultural Project(RiceCAP)
RiceCAP is the abbreviated name for the Rice Coordinated Agricultural Project. The University of Arkansas is the lead institution on this $5 million dollar, 4-year grant from the NIFA National Research Initiative (NRI) competitive grants program. Rice is an important crop for both the United States and the world, and Arkansas produces approximately half of the rice grown in the United States.
The grant title is "A Coordinated Research, Education, and Extension Project for the Application of Genomic Discoveries to Improve Rice in the United States." The project will initiate and coordinate research on rice at several institutions in different states. More importantly, it will combine research, education and extension to:
- develop new technology for rice production,
- educate the next generation of scientists in use of this technology for plant breeding, and
- through extension efforts, will educate the farmers and consumers of the value of using genomic information to improve agricultural crops.
The rice genome was completely sequenced recently and is being analyzed using genomic tools and resources. The RiceCAP will use the genomic sequence, tools, and resources to solve problems in rice production and improvement that can not easily be solved by traditional plant breeding. The research goals of the RiceCAP are to identify genes and markers for traits important for milling yield (the amount of processed rice on which a farmer makes income) and for resistance to sheath blight disease. Traditional plant breeding has not made much progress on improving milling yield or resistance to sheath blight disease. Thus, the RiceCAP provides an exciting opportunity for developing new genomic and molecular biotechnology tools for more efficient and effective rice cultivars which, in turn, can lead to improved economics of rice production.
Back to Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics Home Page


Tag Archives: Swords
Why Did Jesus Tell His Disciples to Buy Swords?
Continue reading Why Did Jesus Tell His Disciples to Buy Swords?
Why Did Jesus Say He Came to Bring a Sword?
by Greg Boyd, originally posted at his website ReKnew.
Some, both modern scholars along with church leaders since the fourth century, have used this passage as evidence to argue that Jesus is not altogether non-violent.
When we place Matthew 10:34 in its broader context, it becomes clear that Jesus' teaching not only does not condone violence on the part of his disciples, it actually rules out all violence. As Jesus is preparing his disciples to proclaim the Good News of the arrival of the kingdom of God throughout the region, he warns them that he is sending them out "like sheep among wolves" (Mt 10:16, cf. vv. 5-15).
Continue reading Why Did Jesus Say He Came to Bring a Sword?
Conquering the World Through Love


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I had thought the term was hind teeth as well, but eye teeth it is. Wikipedia says:
In mammalian oral anatomy, the canine teeth, also called cuspids, dogteeth, fangs, or (in the case of those of the upper jaw) eye teeth, are relatively long, pointed teeth.
In humans, the upper canine teeth (popularly called eye teeth, from their position under the eyes) are larger and longer than the lower, and usually present a distinct basal ridge.
The term eye teeth goes back to at least the 17th century. The earliest I found is in the fascinating 1657 Nature's Cabinet Unlock'd by Thomas Browne:
And the 1660 Lexicon Tetraglotton, an English-French-Italian-Spanish Dictionary by James Howell shows the translations all include eye:
Give [...] eye-teeth
The earliest "give/gave [...] eye-teeth" is illuminating. 1836's The Way-Mark: In Which Some of the Turns of the Broad Road are Pointed Out says:
Rather have [...] eye-teeth drawn [out]
A variant rather have their eye-teeth drawn [out] was said by a Mr. Denny on Wednesday, 17th December 1834 in Congress and recorded in two sources. Once in Congressional Globe says:
And again in Register of Debates in Congress:
As soon part with [...] eye-teeth
From The Town and Country Magazine, or Universal Repository of Knowledge, Instruction, and Entertainment of 1779:
And 1784's The European Magazine:
We can see the phrase has changed slightly from preferring to give your eye teeth than give/lose money; to the modern giving your eye teeth for something you really want.


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PROPELLER MRI (periodically rotated overlapping parallel lines with enhanced reconstruction) provides images with significantly fewer B o-related artifacts than echo-planar imaging (EPI), as well as reduced sensitivity to motion compared to conventional multiple-shot fast spin-echo (FSE). However, the minimum imaging time in PROPELLER is markedly longer than in EPI and 50% longer than in conventional multiple-shot FSE. Often in MRI, imaging time is reduced by undersampling k-space. In the present study, the effects of undersampling on PROPELLER images were evaluated using simulated and in vivo data sets. Undersampling using PROPELLER patterns with reduced number of samples per line, number of lines per blade, or number of blades per acquisition, while maintaining the same k-space field of view (FOVk) and uniform sampling at the edges of FOVk, reduced imaging time but led to severe image artifacts. In contrast, undersampling by means of removing whole blades from a PROPELLER sampling pattern that sufficiently samples k-space produced only minimal image artifacts, mainly manifested as blurring in directions parallel to the blades removed, even when reducing imaging time by as much as 50%. Finally, undersampling using asymmetric blades and taking advantage of Hermitian symmetries to fill-in the missing data significantly reduced imaging time without causing image artifacts.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging