Arab Name Meaning
Arab name meaning is Wish, Desire. Arab is a Muslim boy name and it is an Arabic originated name with multiple meanings and the associated lucky number is 2. Get proper spelling and pronunciation of name Arab.
Name Arab
Meaning Wish, Desire
Gender Boy
Audio How to Pronounce Arab Name
Origin Arabic
Lucky # 2
Religion Muslim
Short Name YES
Name Length 4 Letters and 1 Word
Arab Name Popularity & Rank : 463
Find Top Popular Ranked Names
Arab Name Meaning
Arab name meaning in English is Wish, Desire that clearly describes the expected significance of the name on personality. This name is based on 4 alphabets. According to the numerology prediction of this name, the lucky number is 2 and it impacts positively on personality development. People living in the UK, US, Canada, India, and Saudi Arabia can search for detail about this name online without any hassle. Find the correct meaning of the name along with the origin, gender, classification, and much more about this attractive name.
1) What is the lucky number of Arab?
The lucky number associated with the name Arab is "2".
2) What is the meaning of Arab?
The meaning of name Arab is "wish, desire".
3) What is the name LENGTH of Arab?
The Name Arab consists of 4 alphabets.
4) What is the religion of Arab name?
The religion of the name Arab is Muslim.
Arab Name : Review & Comment


Some plant magic is more green, while some is more brown, like hardwood.
Associated Bloodline: Verdant.
Bloodline Arcana
Your powers of compulsion can affect even plant creatures. Whenever you cast a mind-affecting or language-dependent spell, it affects creatures of the plant type as if they were humanoids that understood your language.
This ability replaces the Verdant Bloodline Arcana.
Bloodline Powers
Your nature powers create tough, resilient minions.
Lush Summoning (Su): At 3rd level, whenever you summon creatures with a conjuration (summoning) spell, you can decide that they appear green and leafy. The natural armor bonus of such creatures is increased by +2, and they gain a +4 bonus on saves against paralysis, poison, polymorph, sleep, and stunning.
This bloodline power replaces photosynthesis.
Section 15: Copyright Notice


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This optical brainteaser presents a unique and fun challenge that can be used to teach the basic dimensions of color: hue, value and saturation. The 64 colors on the cube are combinations of cyan, magenta and yellow. Each cube is made up of 0%, 33%, 67% or 100% of the three colors. As you arrange the 64 smaller cubes to build the large cube, your challenge is to find the one truly harmonious solution to this puzzle. Instructions, color poster and color guide included. For ages 10 to 110! This is a great combination of art and science!
Made in Canada.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Reducing emissions of data centre activity
Microsoft Ireland Research has been working on electricity grid research that allows the exact energy consumption and emissions to be measured for any piece of computation performed in a data centre. This allows past or predicted emissions to be calculated for any computation performed in the cloud
and opens the doorway to measuring and reducing the emissions produced by data centres around the world.
In a paper presented at the 11th international conference on Electrical Power Quality And Utilisation
, Conor Kelly of Microsoft Ireland and Antonio Ruzzelli of University College Dublin outlined how data centre emissions can be calculated, and presented sample measurements showing that performing computation when ample wind energy was available on the grid emitted less than 1% of the emissions of the same piece of computation performed at another time when the bulk of the electricity consumed was produced by fossil fuel power plants.
As carbon taxes, emissions trading and environmental imperatives become an increasing influence around the world, and the EU looks to slash carbon emissions by 30 percent from 1990 levels by 2020, measuring and controlling the emissions resulting from the energy consumed in data centres will become as important as controlling the energy consumption itself. The research puts in place the calculations required to understand these emissions, which can in turn be used to inform their reduction. This opens up another path to reducing the growing emissions produced by data centres worldwide.
Putting a CO2 Figure on a Piece of Computation has been published by the IEEE and can be viewed here.


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> Home Page > NWS Organization > OCIO > TOC > The Gateway >|
The Central Switching System
The Source for Hydro Meteorological Data & Products
What is the Central Switching System
The central communications switching system (called the Gateway) is a major component of
the Telecommunications Operations Center's, National Weather Service Telecommunication
Gateway (NWSTG). The organizational management is through the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) National Weather
Service (NWS), Office of the Chief Information
The Gateway is the primary data communications
switching system of the NWS. It is a global destributor of weather messages in support
of the NWS commitment to the WMO World-Wide data
exchange structure, therefore, the Gateway maintains a recognition system for all weather
data and products for purposes of exchange to global customers. This Center is a
Region Telecommunication Hub (RTH) of the WMO
Global Telecommunication System (GTS) communications network. The Gateway is the World
Area Forecast Center (WAFC) distribution system for the
World Area Forecast System (WAFS). The WAFS distribution is through a satellite
broadcast to geographical areas located over two-thirds of the globe.
The Gateway provides national and global near real-time data exchange services using
automated communication resources, transmitting a wide variety of environmental data types.
The Gateway is operated twenty four hours a day to acquire, process observations, construct
messages, and disseminate messages and files of observations, model analysis, and forecast
products. The time-perishable products are disseminated cyclically according to fixed
schedules. The Gateway is committed to maintaining a timely and reliable transmission of
products at the highest level.
The Gateway is the data source for the
Family of Services (FOS) data distribution and the data broadcast to the
Information Network (EMWIN).


Staying Safe With High-Vis
 In Safety
High-visibility Clothing Will Save Your Life
Using high-vis gear at work to stay seen and safe.There is no doubt about it. Poor visibility has causes significant problems.
Accidents happen, especially in relation to road safety, because a driver failed to see the passer-by.
To reduce the occurrence of injuries and work-related accidents, people who are at risk are advised to wear high-visibility (high-vis) clothing and workwear.
This refers to any clothing with highly reflective properties which often involves silver reflective tape. In other cases, this type of clothing involves the use of colours that can easily be discerned from afar in contrast to the surroundings.
In work environments, industrial employees are required to wear high-vis clothing as a part of their personal protective equipment (PPE).
In this article, we discuss statistics, laws in Australia around high-vis, how high-vis gear is made, choosing the right garments, and other considerations around workwear.
Statistics and Other Facts
Numbers do not lie, as they say, and poor visibility-related injuries are not an exception. In relation to road safety, speeding is one of the leading causes of fatal vehicle accidents in Australia. In 2018, about 34% of crashes took place in major cities in the country. At least one out of 10 accidents resulted in deaths.
According to research, poor visibility, along with miscalculation, is a significant reason why collisions happen as drivers reverse their cars. To resolve this issue, many vehicles now come with reverse cameras.
Cyclists are among those who should be wearing high-vis cycling jerseys to increase their safety. However, some refuse to wear fluorescent riding jackets. As a result, the risk of an accident is higher compared to those who choose to wear high-vis while on their bikes.
While there are other reasons for crashes involving cyclists, the number of accidents continues to rise. Every year, over 1,000 individuals are killed due to vehicular accidents and almost 40 people die in Australia while riding their bikes.
Meanwhile, work-related injuries and fatalities are also quite common due to low visibility. Each year, an average of almost 500 workers die, and about 300 lost their lives due to injuries sustained relating to work activities. In 2009, about 100 workers died because of road accidents.
For personnel working along the road, it is vital to be visible during daytime and night-time. Over recent years, requirements relating to wearing fluorescent clothing, as well as reflective materials, have become a part of daily work. Unfortunately, many workers are still neglecting the importance of wearing high-vis garments.
Why High-vis Clothing is Necessary
Motorcyclists, passengers, car and truck drivers are all at risk. Workers and pedestrians are also in danger because accidents can happen at any time, anywhere. It is essential to take precautions while on the road, whether you are at work, driving, or walking.
Work-related fatalities that involved cars resulted in at least 46% of accidents. Apart from that, workers also face threats, such as moving objects hitting them, falling and being injured because of falling objects.
Wearing high-visibility clothing can help lower accidents relating to poor vision. Because of the materials and colours used in these clothing items, drivers can avoid hitting workers while on the road. High visibility clothing is beneficial for everyone, but most notably those in the construction and industrial business.
Each year, there are numerous construction-related deaths. In fact, this industry has one of the highest instances of injuries and fatalities. There are preventative measures that companies implement to increase worker safety, and one of them is wearing high-vis clothing.
Among the greatest threats to worker safety are falls, slips, trips, and the like. These accidents can be mitigated with the garments to some extent. For instance, those who work wearing high-visibility vests can be seen even during rainy or winter season. Also, if there is an emergency, the industrial workers can easily be seen, thanks to their clothing. First responders and rescue personnel can find employees in a crisis.
High-vis Laws in Australia
Australian standards expect and require workers to wear high-vis garments. This way, they will remain visible while on the road or near machinery. Before purchasing and wearing shirts and other apparel, it is significant to understand the requirements under the legislative orders. It will help ensure that business owners know that the gear complies with these standards.
A common misconception is that bright yellow or orange shirt is enough to meet the Australian standards. It is a false belief and should be corrected right away. High-vis gear often looks the same, but it is essential to wear Australian-made clothing that is compliant to the AS/NZS standards.
Australian designed high-vis clothing is created for workers in the country. They are crafted in compliance with certain standards, which are as follows:
1. AS/NZ 4602.1
This standard refers to the garments used for high-risk applications. It states the items that employees can use, so they remain safe from moving equipment and vehicles. In this standard, there are three classes:
 - Class D for daytime use only: Garments in this classification help the wearer be easily seen even under daylight conditions. An example is a navy or yellow polo that does not include a tape. To meet the 4602.1 standards, a Class D compliant garment should be of the approved colour (yellow, red, orange-red, and orange plus yellow), which must enclose the upper torso. The luminous fabric should encircle at least 0.4 square metres of the upper torso. If there is a logo, it should not be more significant than 10cm for both height and width.
 - Class N for night-time use: Garments within this category should be viewable even under retro-reflected light. An example is the headlight of a vehicle. The requirement for Class N is quite lengthy, but the minimum involves having a reflective tape or material that should be at least 50mm wide.
 - Class D/N: This type denotes that the garment can be worn during daytime and night-time. It should meet both standards. An example here is a yellow polo that comes with reflective tape.
2. AS/NZ 1906.4
The second standard involves retro-reflective devices used to control road traffic. It is more in-depth than the other standard since the 1906.4 specifies the physical properties of the materials, along with their photometric and colourimetric qualities. It entails the three different classes below:
 - Class F for fluorescent fabric that can only be used during the day
 - Class R for reflective items that should be used at night
 - Class FR for both day and night-time use
The standard also goes into detail about the impacts of washing, particularly with reflective materials. Businesses and workers should understand that these items can only be washed up to 30 times. Going over means, the item loses its integrity and should no longer be utilised.
How High-vis Gear is Made?
High-visibility clothing is designed using a fluorescent material. It usually comes with reflective tape for extra visibility. In some cases, other shapes are added so the wearer will be more visible to other people around them.
The first fabric paint that was used for high-visibility gear was introduced in the 1930s. It was neon paint that was a mixture of wood varnish and minerals that were illuminating. It became a huge hit and was used in toys and the military sector.
A few decades later, the neon paint was used for clothing for workers. In essence, its purpose was for the sun's ultraviolet rays to hit the fluorescent colours, causing a glowing reaction. Poor light will not hinder the effect, such as during dawn. It is also designed to work at times when the car headlamps hit the clothing.
Many materials are not used to be retro-reflective. The term means that the light returns to its source. For instance, the headlights of the car will bounce back to the driver or the person near the source of light.
It is also possible to find materials made from glass beads. This technology can spread the light, so it scatters from various directions. High-vis clothing can come in different colours, such as blue, green, red, and even pink. For safety purposes, though, the most efficient hues are yellow and orange.
How to Choose the Right High-Vis Gear
High-visibility clothing is not about being fashionable. You can find cheaper versions that can help you save a ton of money. However, they may not help in keeping workers safe. The goal is to prevent accidents, which is why you should not skimp on this type of personal protective equipment (PPE) as with the others.
Always choose a high-vis gear that is made from high-quality materials. Before buying, you should first think about the tasks of the operators who will wear the clothing. Also, it is best to consider the hazards that they will continuously be exposed to.
Hi-vis reflective jacket jackets are not the only option when it comes to reflective clothing. Sometimes, it can be quite warm for a jacket, which is why a vest is a good alternative. Vests that come with insulated lining will help keep the wearers warm without getting hot. At the same time, the gear will maintain their visibility.
Vehicle accidents are a common issue for those who work along the road. However, careless drivers are not the only problem. Remaining visible should not just be a single concern because there are also weather-related threats. Heavy rain and snow, as well as lightning storms, can make the workers' job tricky. Ensure that the workers wear waterproof breathable gear.
It is not necessary, but some companies opt to brand their workwear. It comes with numerous benefits, including ingraining your company's


This is machine translation
Translated by Microsoft
Phase Voltage Sensor
Measure phase voltages in three-phase system
The Phase Voltage Sensor block represents an ideal three-phase voltage sensor. It measures the voltages across the three-phase ports ~1 and ~2 and outputs a single three-element, physical signal vector. Each element of the physical signal output vector is equal to the voltage in the respective phase.
The block has the following ports:
Expandable three-phase port
Expandable three-phase port
Three-element physical signal vector output port associated with the phase voltages
Introduced in R2013b
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Item # P6-3550
Item can be ordered
The Hand Held Tesla Coil - 48,000 volts in the palm of your hand. If you've seen a Plasma Globe, you've seen our Hand Held Tesla Coil in action. Create impressive 3-inch sparks and more.
The Hand Held Tesla Coil - up to 48,000 volts in the palm of your hand!
Our Tesla Coil, also known as the Oudin Coil, fits nicely in the palm of your hand making it easy to perform Tesla Coil experiments. The Hand Held Tesla Coil is the equivalent of the larger Tesla Coils you may have seen but in a smaller package and capable of the same Tesla coil experiments.
Invented by Nicola Tesla, this high-frequency transformer can step up ordinary 120-volt electricity to thousands of volts. Create impressive 3-inch sparks or use the high potential to light bulbs such as our spectrum tubes or Neon Wand, without touching! Adjustable from 20,000 to 48,000 volts the Hand Held Tesla Coil has a momentary on/off switch in it's Bakelite handle for improved safety.
Tesla Coil is rated at 120V 60hz.
Products being sold are not toys. They are for Educational / Labratory use only. They are not for use by children 12 and under.
- Input voltage: 115 V, 50/60 Hz
- Output voltage: Between 20,000 V to 48,000 V, 500 kHz
- Current output of spark: 1 mA
- Primary coil output voltage: 1200 V, 50 or 60 Hz
- On/off switch and removable electrode tip
- Hand-held unit which generates a high voltage at a high frequency. It is intended for intermittent use, no more than 10 minutes at a time.
- When the electrode is held within ¼ to 1" from a metal object, a spark will jump to the metal
- A button on the side when pressed turns on the high voltage side of the coil. When it is depressed, the high voltage is turned off.
- The capacitance, resistance and inductance of this circuit is designed to oscillate, or ring, at a very high frequency, in this case 500 kHz

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Loud Class Uses WizIQ to Instantly Reach ESL Instructors across 170 Centers in Korea
Loud Class provides English Language training to students of all age groups across Korea. 1300 teachers in 170 Loud Class centers, spread across the length of Korea, are addressing the need of more than 45000 students to get trained in the global language, English. The reason for the popularity of Loud Class is its unconventional method of teaching English to students. Instead of making students learn English grammar and usage, they use critical situations to help students learn the language. This is a very practical approach to learning English. The teachers at Loud Class are specially trained to provide such learning to students at Loud Class. Apart from 1 week training at the center HQ, teachers need to take additional 2 week training and additionally participate in workshops and training sessions once a quarter. The resources involved in getting the teachers trained were way too high. It's then that Loud Class decided to leverage eLearning platform for providing training.
After trying platforms like Adobe Connect, Skype and WizIQ, both the management as well as the teachers found WizIQ to be more cost effective, useful and effective in imparting the trainings.
WizIQ Virtual Classroom enabled Loud Class to:
- Significantly reduce training costs
- Increase attendance for each seminar
- Conduct as many seminars and training workshops as required
- Present highly useful and interactive workshops, using various media and features in one platform
WizIQ enabled Loud Class to continue to provide rich, interactive training sessions to its teachers at fraction of the original cost. With the ability to reach wider audience and engage each participant, Loud Class can now focus on its growth plans and extend its services to new regions and geographies.
Download this free case study and learn how WizIQ's advanced virtual classroom enabled Loud Class to maximize on its teacher training efforts at a fraction of the original cost.


GUN Crack The first device identified as a pistol, a bamboo tube that used gunpowder to fire a spear, appeared in China around the year 1000 d.C. [4] [5] [6] [full citation needed]
GUN Torrent A first type of firearm (or portable pistol) is the fire spear, a tube filled with black powder attached to the ends of a spear and used as a flamethrower; The metal was sometimes placed in the barrel so that it would ignite with the flames. [6] [citation needed] [7] [citation needed] The first depiction of a gunpowder weapon is an illustration of a fire spear on the mid-10th century silk flag from Dunhuang. [8] De'an Shoucheng Lu, accountant of the siege of De'an in 1132, records that Song forces used firearms against jurists. [9]


1. Raising the Research Bar Survey
The Legal Research Center is planning a research training program for Friday morning, May 16 and would like your suggestions. The program will last about 3 1/2 hours, including a Continental Breakfast, and is designed to sharpen your research skills and provide practical tips that will let you confidently answer real-world research questions.
* 1. How can we help you do your job this summer?
* 2. Where will you be working this summer?
* 3. What will you be doing at your job this summer?
* 5. How would you characterize your legal research skills?
* 6. Other comments or suggestions or suggestions for the program:
* 7. Name
* 8. Email address


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Webtrix is a remix of the great puzzle game Tetris. The object of the game is to arrange the falling figures to complete horizontal lines within the playing field. Webtrix starts with a clear playing field (19 cells high by 10 cells wide) and shapes randomly falling one at a time from the top of the playing field. The shapes are made of four adjacent small blocks arranged into 7 different patterns. The player may affect the falling figures by moving them left or right or rotating them clockwise or counterclockwise within the playing field while they are still falling. When a complete line is formed, that line is eliminated from the playing field, and the player scores points. If the player cannot complete lines, the figures eventually build upon each other and reach the top of the playing field, thus ending the game.
|File Size||396.18 kB|


Boost autumn colours with white balance
Using the white balance settings can really add punch to your images, find out how to use it to boost those autumnal tones
The autumn months are alive with vibrancy and colour, but are also prone to unpredictable weather and dull light. To make sure you capture a decent scene, it's important to change the white balance setting on your camera to match, rather than just using the auto option. You can tweak the levels in Photoshop afterwards to create a truly inspiring autumnal piece.
When shooting autumnal scenes, its important to make sure that all the colours in your images remain vibrant and punchy.
One way of ensuring this is to change the white balance setting on your camera, rather than keeping it on the Auto setting.
Weather conditions can be very varied in the autumn months, which can cause all sorts of problems – keeping the white balance consistent will make processing easier later on.
1. Too cool
Although these leaves were under a tree the actual weather conditions were fairly bright. However, the image, taken with the white balance set at Auto, has a rather cold look to it. It also doesnt have much depth or crispness.
2. True to life
By simply changing the white balance to Cloudy, the camera has coped with the tonal ranges far better and has also managed to create a warmer feel, making the leaves look much more like how they actually appeared.
3. Total transformation
Tweaking the levels in Photoshop makes the image really come to life. The strands of grass appear more prominent now and by slightly burning in the leaves on the outside of the image, the leaves edges appear sharper.


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To go wrong, to become overly excited or deranged.
Hay-wire is the light wire that was used in baling machines to tie up bales of hay. At the turn of the 20th century the expression 'a haywire outfit' began to be used in the USA. This was used to describe companies that patched-up faulty machinery using such wire, rather than making proper long-term fixes. In 1905, The US Forestry Bureau Bulletin described a 'Hay wire outfit' as 'a contemptuous term for loggers with poor logging equipment'.
By 1920, the use of haywire to mean 'awry' or 'out of control' was recorded in Dialect Notes, Volume 82:
"Hay wire. Gone wrong or no good. Slang."
This may be a reference back to 'hay-wire outfits' but is more likely to be a literal allusion to scrambled hay-wire - anyone who has handled coils of wire will be familiar with its determination to gather into an irretrievable tangle. To go haywire was recorded in the late 1920s; for example, in this piece about a basketball game from The Helena Independent, January 1928:
"...their anxiety to score let their passing game go haywire with many wild heaves finding marks in the bleachers."
See other phrases that were coined in the USA.


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The winter night sky
Storrs - posted Feb, 22 2013
STORRSThe Connecticut State Museum of Natural History, part of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences at UConn, will hold an astronomy workshop on Friday, March 8, at 6 p.m. The workshop "Look Up! Viewing Winter's Night Sky" will be presented by Dr. Cynthia Peterson from the University of Connecticut's Physics Department. Start with a visit to UConn's Planetarium during this exploration of the winter night sky! Learn how to identify the stars, planets, and other celestial objects observable throughout this season. During this program, Astronomy Professor Dr. Cynthia Peterson will offer a general orientation to the constellations, planets, and special celestial objects visible in the night sky using binoculars. The discussion will also include comets and the expected trajectory of the newfound Bright Comet PanSTARRS. While in the planetarium participants can also examine an orrery, a mechanical device illustrating the relative positions and motions of the planets in the solar system. Weather permitting, the session will conclude with a trip to the UConn Observatory on the roof of the physics building. Using binoculars and, if the conditions permit, the telescope, observers may see the Bright Comet PanSTARRS in the west, open clusters in the late winter Milky Way, the Andromeda Galaxy (M31), the H Chi double star cluster, Jupiter, and the Orion Nebula (M42). Dress warmly for the outdoor session and please bring binoculars! The program fee is $20, $15 for Museum members, and is open to adults and children ages 8 and above. Children must be accompanied by an adult. Advance registration is required. For further information visit _URL_ or call _PHONE_.


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The Tax of Physics, The Physics of Tax
Stephen B. Cohen
Georgetown University Law Center
The Green Bag
Sometimes ideas from science illuminate muddled legal thinking. Physics teaches that for every particle of matter, there exists a corresponding particle of anti-matter. The idea of anti-matter helps explain the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals decision in Bradford v. Commissioner, which involved a baffling departure from established rules for taxing the discharge of a debt for less than the full amount owed.
Number of Pages in PDF File: 10Accepted Paper Series
Date posted: August 3, 2000
© 2013 Social Science Electronic Publishing, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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The Briar Toad is a poisonous species of toad with red skin, native to Northern England. It has distinctive blemishes on its skin, and it is "pudgy". It is particularly vulnerable to the Verdimillious Charm, and is resistant to Vermillious.
Behind the Scenes
- This toad bears a striking resemblance in the description of the Wide-mouth toad, due to their similar habitat, and being described as "pudgy" and having "blemishes".
- Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (video game) (GBC version)
Notes and references
- ↑ Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (video game) - GBC version


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Benefits Of Ranging Sensors
Perimeter intrusion detection sensors are highly effective solutions for securing a site. When buried, they provide a covert sensor that is virtually impossible for an intruder to bypass without being detected. When fence-mounted, they turn the existing fence into a smart fence, detecting any attempt to cut, climb, or break through its fabric. Detection at the perimeter enables the security system to respond while the intruder is still outside the protected area by calling up cameras and engaging deterrence devices like security lights and sirens.
Based on the granularity of alarm information presented to the security system, fence-mounted sensors can be divided into two categories: block and ranging.
This article looks at the differences between block and ranging perimeter intrusion detection sensors, and examines the key benefits of ranging sensors, including reduced nuisance alarms, software-based zones, and simplified troubleshooting.


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Frequently Asked Questions
In this section one finds a number of FAQ answered.
1. How many casualties fell during the May War in the Netherlands?
The Dutch army lost 2,300 men KIA during the five days of war in the Netherlands (including the eight days in the province Zeeland). The number of WIA is not specifically known, but over 7,000 men were treated for wounds suffered during the war days. Probably a significant number suffered only light wounds and were not registered at all.
The German army losses during the battle for the Netherlands were almost identical to the Dutch losses. About 2,100 registered KIA, perhaps slightly higher.
The number of German military WIA is unknown. The benchmark ratio KIA:WIA gives an average of one KIA to 3,5 to 4 WIA, which would lead to a German WIA ratio of 7,000 - 8,000 men.
The Dutch expedited around 1,300 German POW's to the UK. These men were German write-offs for the duration of the war. The bulk of this number comprised Luftwaffe personnel as well as airlanded infantry of 22nd Infantry Division and airbornes from the Hague theatre of operations.
The French army lost 206 registered KIA in the Netherlands. In Noord-Brabant 62 and in Zeeland 154. The number of wounded is unknown, as is the number of POW's. Numbers of 800 WIA are mentioned in the buzz, but have up to now not been substantiated by reliable sources. Some estimates say that around 3,000 Frenchmen were captured in the Netherlands during the periode 10-18 May 1940. But these estimates are non-substantiated either and probably too low.
2. What were the strengths of the opposing forces?
The Dutch army had a total force of around 280,000 men under arms in May 1940. Often foreign sources erroneously mention figures of 350,000 - 400,000. That is wrong and very inaccurate.
The Dutch army comprised 240,000 men and around 40,000 men in other branches (army air force, coastal artillery defences, volunteer formations). The navy and marines (in the Netherlands) had some 10,000 more, not included in the 280.000.
The Dutch army was only partially organized in field army units. Often foreign sources only mention the major field army units, being eight infantry divisions (organised in four army corpses), one independant division (Peel-division) and one light (mobile) division. Besides these large units there were three field army brigades (A, B and G) and 30 independant border infantry battalions and companies. The fortress army had no divisional structure. It was organised in companies, battalions and regiments only. The fortress army, that occupied the defences within the Fortress Holland and Zeeland province, contained the bulk of elder reservists.
The Dutch army had 48 infantry regiments (2,200 - 2,500 men each), 24 independant Border Infantry Battalions (around 700 men each), a number of Border Infantry Companies and two regiments of bicylce infantry. Furthermore 2 regiments of motorbike-infantry, 6 regiments of cavalry (partially horse, partially bicycle mounted), 15 independant regiments of artillery comprising three battalions each, 4 independant regiments of artillery comprising two battalions each and 8 independant artillery battalions. The total number of active artillery pieces was 692 (excluding the obsolete 8-staal guns; excluding 6-veld and AT guns).
Next to these combattant forces there was a large representation of non-com formations, like engineers, pioneers, logistics, medical troops, etc.etc..
For further specifics we refer to the Introduction chapter on this website.
The German army assigned the 18th Armee to the Dutch theatre. This army comprised 10.Corps (two infantry divisions, two SS regiments, one occupational division of brigade strength), 26. Corps (six divisions, including one tank division and one SS division) and the independant 1st Cavalry Division. The Luftwaffe provided the 7th Flieger Korps comprising the (two regiments strong) 7th Airborne Division and the 22.Infantry Airlanding Division (reinforced by a battalion of IR.72). The strength of the 18.Armee was about 180,000 men. The combined Airlanding Corps had an operational strength of about 12,000 men (3,500 airbornes; 8,500 airlanding troops).
On the first two days of the invasion two divisions of the 6th Armee covered the left flank of the 26.Corps in Noord-Brabant. Furthermore the bulk of the 6th Armee crossed the most southeastern province of the Netherlands (Limburg), where on the first day some units opposed the few Dutch battalions defending the Meuse region in Limburg. Although these numbers are significant, they should not be added to the invasion force for the Dutch theatre, for they were designated to invade Belgium.
All in all the strength of the German invasion force opposing the Dutch was around 200,000 men landforces (including Students' Airlanding Corps).
3. Who were the most principal commanders on either side?
The Dutch Commander in Chief was General Henri G. Winkelman. He was commander of the Dutch land-, airand navy forces in the homeland. He had become CiC in February 1940. His was preluded by General I.H. Reynders, who was sacked in January 1940 over a dispute (with the Dutch cabinet) on the defense strategy.
The commander of the Field Army was Lieutenant-General J.J.G. (Baron) van Voorst tot Voorst. His younger brother General-Major H.F.M. (Baron) van Voorst tot Voorst was chief of the army staff. Commander Fortress Holland was Lieutenant-General J. van Andel.
Commander of the Air-Defence and Army Air Force was Lieutenant-General. P.W. Best.
The commander of the Dutch navy was the chief of navy staff Vice-Admiral J.T. Furstner.
The four army Corpses were led by General-Major N.T. Carstens [1.Corps], General-Major J. Harberts [2.Corps], General-Major A.A. van Nijnatten [3.Corps] and General-Major A.R. van den Bent [4.Corps].
The German Commander in Chief of the operations in the Netherlands was the commander of the 18.Armee, General der Artillerie Georg von Küchler. His direct superior was the Commander Heeresgruppe B, Generaloberst von Bock.
The operations of the 7th Fliegerkorps [commanded by Generalleutnant der Flieger Kurt Student] in Fortress Holland were developed and led by the Oberbefehlshaber der Luftwaffe Hermann Göring (and his staff), and the Commander Luftflotte 2, Generalleutnant von Kesselring was commander of the Luftwaffe operations in the Netherlands.
The most principle German units were commanded by Generalleutnant K. Student [7th Airborne Corps and commander of 7th Flieger Division], Generalleutnant Graf von Sponeck [22.ID], General-major Kurt Feldt [1.Cav.Div.], General der Artillerie Christian Hansen [10.Corps], General der Artillerie Albert Wodrig [26.Corps], Generalleutnant Schmidt [commander of 39.Corps, which was activated as of 13 May 1940] and Generalmajor Ritter von Hubicki [9.Panzer Division].
4. Was the Lex Belli [or Ius in Bello, law of war] often infringed by the belligerents, or was it generally respected?
The internation code, mainly given shape by Geneva and Hague conventions, was mandatory to and (generally) respected by all belligerents in May 1940 in the Dutch theatre.
There were the inevitable occasional infringements too. The Dutch and the Germans both recorded some infringements of the other side and for both sides there is proof of some incidents that were mild, or occasionally gross, infringements in itself. Here and there a prisoner of war was abused, assaulted or even shot on the spot (both sides were guilty of those occasional attrocities), and quite a number of incidents were recorded where either side abused the white flag or the international sign of the red cross.
There is one remarkable exception, where the Ius in Bello was quite generally disregarded by one particular German unit. This occurs during the operations of the SS regiment Der Führer during the three days' battle of the Grebbeberg. There is sufficient proof that the laws of war were poorly adhered to (to say the least) during the SS operations on 11, 12 and 13 of May 1940. There were several incidents involving massacres in the trenches (especially on the 11th of May), systematic abuse of POW's and particularly the common use of POW's as human shields against opposing fire. These infringements were reported and sometimes proven in such an overwhelming quantity that it is very likely that some sort of methodical abuse was applicable. This only applies


text:
This paper focuses on road sign classification for creating accurate and up-to-date inventories of traffic signs, which is important for road safety and maintenance. This is a challenging multi-class classification task, as a large number of different sign types exist which only differ in minor details. Moreover, changes in viewpoint, capturing conditions and partial occlusions result in large intra-class variations. Ideally, road sign classification systems should be robust against these variations, while having an acceptable computational load. This paper presents a classification approach based on the popular Bag Of Words (BOW) framework, which we optimize towards the best trade-off between performance and execution time. We analyze the performance aspects of PCA-based dimensionality reduction, soft and hard assignment for BOW codebook matching and the codebook size. Furthermore, we provide an efficient implementation scheme. We compare these techniques to design a fast and accurate BOW-based classification scheme. This approach allows for the selection of a fast but accurate classification methodology. This BOW approach is compared against structural classification, and we show that their combination outperforms both individual methods. This combination, exploiting both BOW and structural information, attains high classification scores (96.25% to 98%) on our challenging real-world datasets.
|Title of host publication||Proceedings of the 2014 22nd International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), 24-28 August 2014, Stockholm, Sweden|
|Place of Publication||Piscataway|
|Publisher||Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers|
|Publication status||Published - 2014|


($\bigtriangledown$) operator to create a few different double combinations of the Del (gradient operator):
$$\bigtriangledown \bullet (\bigtriangledown F) = \bigtriangledown^2$$ $$\bigtriangledown \times (\bigtriangledown F)$$ $$\bigtriangledown(\bigtriangledown F)$$
Only the first one is the Laplacian in $R^3$. The laplacian is n-dimensional though...but I've seen $\bigtriangledown^2$ used to refer to the laplacian in n dimensions, even though I think $\bigtriangledown$ is primarily an operator in $R^3$. In Griffiths, he describes the second one as the Curl of the gradient or something...I don't remember, but it is useful for describing magnetic fields given an electric one, or something like that.
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In ancient Rome, virtus was originally the quality of "manliness," from vir, "man." It often means "valor," but as the quality that made a man fulfill his potential as a man, it came to mean something more closely akin to "character, personal integrity," and hence "virtue," which women could also possess. Virtus was personified as a deity, though not always of the same gender. In the Roman Republic, Virtus often received sacrifices in the company of Honos, Honor, and the pair were also cultivated as deities jointly at temples. Virtus continued to be regarded as a deity in the Imperial era, and was one of the qualities or virtues associated with the cult of the emperors.
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text:
Francis William Kellogg (May 30, 1810-January 13, 1879) was a U.S. Representative from the states of Michigan and Alabama.
Kellogg was born in Worthington, Massachusetts and attended the common schools. He moved to Columbus, Ohio, in 1833 and then to Grand Rapids, Michigan, in 1855 where he engaged in the lumber business with the firm Kellogg, White & Co. at Kelloggville (which was named after him) in Kent County, Michigan. He was a member of the Michigan State House of Representatives in 1857 and 1858.
Kellogg was elected from Michigan as a Republican to United States House of Representatives for the Thirty-sixth, Thirty-seventh, and Thirty-eighth Congresses, serving from March 4, 1859 to March 3, 1865. During the American Civil War, he organized the Second, Third, and Sixth Regiments by authority of the United States Department of War and was appointed colonel of the Third Regiment. He was appointed by U.S. President Andrew Johnson as collector of internal revenue for the southern district of Alabama on April 30, 1866, and served until July 1868, residing in Mobile, Alabama.
Upon the readmission of Alabama to the Union, Kellogg was elected as a Republican to the Fortieth Congress, serving from July 22, 1868, to March 3, 1869. He then moved to New York City and later to Alliance, Ohio, where he died. He is interred in Fulton Street Cemetery in Grand Rapids, Michigan.
This article incorporates facts obtained from the public domain Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.


text:
Design of physical systems and associated control systems are coupled tasks; design methods that manage this interaction explicitly can produce system-optimal designs, whereas conventional sequential processes may not. Here we explore a new technique for combined physical system and control design (co-design) based on a simultaneous dynamic optimization approach known as direct transcription, which transforms infinite-dimensional control design problems into finite dimensional nonlinear programming problems. While direct transcription problem dimension is often large, sparse problem structures and fine-grained parallelism (among other advantageous properties) can be exploited to yield computationally efficient implementations. Extension of direct transcription to co-design gives rise to a new problem structures and new challenges. Here we illustrate direct transcription for co-design using a new automotive active suspension design example developed specifically for testing co-design methods. This example builds on prior active suspension problems by incorporating a more realistic physical design component that includes independent design variables and a broad set of physical design constraints, while maintaining linearity of the associated differential equations.
- Design Engineering Division and Computers and Information in Engineering Division
Co-Design of an Active Suspension Using Simultaneous Dynamic Optimization
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Allison, JT, & Han, Z. "Co-Design of an Active Suspension Using Simultaneous Dynamic Optimization." Proceedings of the ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. Volume 5: 37th Design Automation Conference, Parts A and B. Washington, DC, USA. August 28–31, 2011. pp. 903-913. ASME. _URL_
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text:
Men's ski goggles Arnette
Men's ski goggles are an essential part of ski equipment. They prevent the penetration of dirt into the eyes, protect against harmful UV rays that we are exposed to on a slope far more intrusively than usual because we are closer to the sun and they also generally improve visibility, because when selecting the illuminating glasses, they lighten vision in poor conditions of visibility, while dark lenses eliminate bright sun rays. In both cases, however, they eliminate the negative effects and improve vision. Some goggles are equipped with ventilation holes, anti-fog layer, anti scratch protection and other features. Choose from our models from the world's leading manufacturers of ski equipment.


text:
Distance Calculator – How far is it?
The Distance Calculator can find distance between any two cities or locations available in The World Clock
The distance is calculated in kilometers, miles and nautical miles, and the initial compass bearing/heading from the origin to the destination. It will also display local time in each of the locations.
Help and example use
- See cities close to a location
- Day and Night World Map – See which parts of the Earth are currently illuminated by the Sun
- About the Distance Graph


text:
Introduction to Boatbuilding
A one-week primer on building small boats.
Note: These are six-day courses ending Saturday afternoon.
There are many individuals out there who have decided that they would like to build their very own boat but don't know how to get started. Many first-time builders have run into problems understanding the process of what to do first and, as a result, soon get intimidated and the idea loses momentum. Bill Thomas and John Karbott, noted boatbuilders and teachers, invite anyone interested in wooden boats and woodworking to join them in either of these two six-day courses focusing on the skills and techniques used in basic boatbuilding. No prior boatbuilding experience is required; simply a desire to learn. If you want to build a good-looking, simple sailing skiff, Bill or John can help you get started and guide you through the step-by-step procedures to taking on and completing such a project on your own.
Bill has chosen one of Iain Oughtred's lovely designs, the Skerrieskiff 17, as the boat students will construct during his course. This beach cruiser offers a great compromise between rowing and sailing qualities. We will be building a rowing version during the course. Using traditional boatbuilding methods, she is built of marine plywood over a strongback and moulds. John Karbott's students will build two of his handsome 12 ½′ semi-dory skiffs combining marine plywood, white oak, and Northern white cedar. Both classes will start with understanding boat plans and lofting and proceed through scarfing, framing, planking, and interior joinerwork. As with any one-week building schedule, there will be plenty for students to do as we finish the boats.
As both skiffs take shape through each week, Bill and John will lead discussions in small-craft design, selecting a suitable design for the amateur builder, setting up a one-man shop, proper hand and power tool usage, and much more. Whether you have a hankering for traditional skiff construction like the Skerrieskiff 17 or the 12 ½′ Semi-dory skiff or are simply looking for a perfect introduction to wooden boat construction, you will thoroughly enjoy either of these weeks.


text:
Power of Attorney - Grand Traverse County Probate Court
Estates & Protected Individuals Code
There are various types of arrangements available under the Estates and Protected Individuals Code when a minor needs someone other than a parent to make decisions usually made by a parent. The Estates and Protected Individuals Code is an Act adopted by the legislature to govern proceedings in Probate Court.
Power of Attorney
A parent can execute a power of attorney delegating the parent's power regarding the case, custody, or property of a minor for a period not to exceed 6 months. A guardian of a minor may also execute a power of attorney. MCL _PHONE_. If a guardian executes a power of attorney, the guardian must notify the Court within 7 days and provide the Court with the person's name, address, and telephone number.
This power is limited to the extent that it cannot include a power to release a minor for adoption or consent to adoption and marriage. The power of attorney cannot contain an automatic renewal clause. Therefore, any renewal of the power must result from another execution of the power for each period not to exceed 6 months. The Supreme Court has ruled that a power of attorney may be used to establish school residency when the child resides with a relative. Feaster v Portage Public Schools, 451 Mich. 351 (1996).


text:
The biggest priority within an organization is, obviously, cost. The employee talent search process can be cumbersome and tedious, let alone expensive. Managers spend long hours reading resumes, conducting interview, and training employees only to repeat the process if the new hire wasn't a good match for the company. Recruiting software investments may streamline operations; leading to savings. An organization may use an ARAP Savings Calculator template to verify the ROI of recruiting software investments.
ARAP Savings Calculator Template Overview
The ARAP Savings Calculator is grouped into two main worksheets: the recruiting data worksheet, and the potential savings calculations for ARAP, plus, a savings summary, and a savings breakdown at the bottom of the template. Each of the worksheets is further divided into subheadings and criteria. Note that the gray fields are reserved for calculating totals. The first worksheet is where the statistical data is entered while savings potential are calculated on the second.
ARAP Savings Calculator Work Flow
- The Hiring Practice section analyzes the effective use of in house application collection and how long positions are vacant. The questions break down the process of collecting applications and resumes, how it's done, how long it takes, and the number of people hired.
- The Annual Staffing section breaks down the dollar cost of full time equivalent work load used to process applications along with the funds spend on outsourcing to recruiting agencies. The work load sows how many employee hours are needed vs. how many are used for application processing.
- The Advertising section is a breakdown of recruiting advertising expenses based on types of media and outsourced firms.
- The Special Programs and Career Fairs section is a list of job fairs, career opportunity programs and cost used for recruiting.
- The Campus Recruitment organizes statistic from recruiting college students through various campuses.
- The final section is a list of other criteria that doesn't fit into a group. This list includes expenses accrued for traveling, meals, relocating, lodging, signing bonuses, and background checks.
- The second worksheet does not require any data to be entered. Each sub section of this worksheet is a reflection of the savings calculated from the six subsections in the first worksheet.
ARAP Savings Calculator Customization Tips
- Company name and date should be entered into rows one and three of the ARAP Savings Calculator, however, they can be placed any ware outside any of the worksheets.
- Criteria relevant to an organization can be added to the first worksheet. Be sure to update every other worksheet and math formulas to reflect the calculation of the added content.
Download: ARAP Savings Calculator
Check this out while you wait!


Switching User IDs
If you share a computer with other users, or have more than one User ID, you may need to switch to a specific User ID when you want to access your mail server and other databases. To be able to switch User IDs, you must have the User ID stored locally on the computer, on a server that you can access, or on removable media.
About this task
Note: Roaming users cannot switch User IDs.
 1. Click File > Security > Switch ID. (Macintosh OS X users: Notes > Security > Switch ID.)
 2. Enter the User ID file path, or select the User ID that you are switching to from a directory. For Notes Federated Login, specify your login name.
 3. Enter the password for the User ID.
You can also switch User IDs by specifying a different User ID in a Location, and then switching to that Location.


What is a Nose Rider?
A nose rider is a popular option for AXYZ CNC routers. It is a relatively simple accessory which fits onto the bottom of the routing spindle and fixes its position relative to the pressure foot. The end result of this is to effectively 'lock' the height of the spindle to the surface of the material. The final depth of cut into the material is determined by how far the router bit is protruding from the lower face of the pressure foot. The nose rider includes an adjustable ring which allows very fine tuning of the vertical position of the spindle relative to the pressure foot and therefore the cut depth.
When to use a Nose Rider?
The primary reason for using a nose rider is when an application requires an accurate and constant cut depth when measured from the surface of the material.
If the sacrificial bed of the machine is absolutely flat and if the thickness of the material being processed is accurate and consistent then there should be no need to use a nose rider. However, if either of these cases is in doubt then the nose rider provides an excellent means of simple yet accurate compensation.
One example of this is engraving. For best visual results, engraving demands a very consistent depth of cut and quite often materials to be engraved are not consistent in their thickness and can vary by as much as 1.5mm over the area of a sheet. Even if the material does have a consistent thickness, any minor variations in bed flatness can spoil a fine engraving job. The nose rider will easily compensate in these situations and ensure constant depth engraving over the entire bed area.
Another example is when V-grooving composite materials which need to be folded. The depth of cut is quite critical in order to ensure consistent fold lines and final visual appearance. The AXYZ PANELBuilder machines which are designed for panel fabrication applications are almost always supplied with a nose rider accessory.
How to use a Nose Rider?
This video shows how a nose rider can be fitted and adjusted on an AXYZ machine.
Author: Ged Lodge is an Applications Specialist for AXYZ, a global manufacturer of CNC router and knife systems. Ged has over 10 years' experience with AXYZ and over 25 years' experience with CNC routers.


Jesus emerged in the sky: Rome Italy
Thousand of Europeans observed glowing and bright shine of Jesus emerging clouds out of the sky in Rome Italy. Moment strengthened the faith of Jesus in their Hearts like never before. many Europeans cried and put the list of wishes, desires, and problems to Jesus and asked for forgiveness. Many people claimed this as unicorn moment in their life and believed them as extremely lucky souls. They hoped Jesus noted there demands and wishes and they expect their life would be better in the future.
Roughly it happened 4 decades back in France Europe that time and people who witnessed had same reaction. They believe the generation who got a chance to witness this moment or in any other way considered as special people. This time in Italy hundreds of witnesses claims to have a better future after Jesus assure them to be blessed.
jesus 22.jpg
Dramatic pictures have emerged showing what looks like a glowing image of Jesus above an Italian town as sunlight broke through the clouds. Alfredo Lo Brutto, from Agropoli, Italy, captured the figure bursting through grey skies above the sea while at his home. The shape created by the spectacular light show, at sunset on Friday, seemed to resemble the renowned Christ the Redeemer statue in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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text:
Click any word in a definition or example to find the entry for that word
It's rude to stare.
He lifted his head and stared at her.
They sat on the balcony, staring out across the valley.
He walked up to the house and stared through the window.
She was staring at me, so I stared back.
This is the British English definition of stare. View American English definition of stare.
the process of giving freedom and rights to someone


text:
Med Anthropol. 2014;33(2):109-27
This article focuses on adoption medicine as a subject of scientific knowledge that increasingly defines the parameters of adoptability in the world of international adoption. While this biomedical discourse alludes to the health of adoptee bodies, it also constitutes ethico-moral practices that produce new justificatory regimes of adoption in particular and humanitarianism in general. Drawing on discourse analysis of scientific texts in adoption medicine on the one hand, and interviews and ethnographic data from a Dutch adoption agency on the other, I demonstrate the emergence of a new moral economy facilitating the legitimacy of international adoption. I argue that this moral economy retools the humanitarian justification of international adoption by privileging the politics of "life itself." This paradigmatic shift constructs new categories of adoptee bodies, rearranges orders of worth, and makes visible biopolitical techniques of morality in present-day humanitarian discourse.


text:
This bitmap format is used in the Kodak DC series family of cameras. It is also known under the name Kodak Photogen. KDC is a RAW photo format for the post-processing of photos that has the ability to change key image parameters while maintaining the original level of detail.
This format is used to store background images in uncompressed form in the X Windows System user interface for remote server maintenance. It stores a 'dump' or screenshot of the window or background of the client program. It may include different colors depending on the capabilities of the graphics card that is used to create the XWD file.


Child Abuse
New Pa. law requires more school clearances
New Pa. law requires more school clearances
If parents want to help out at their child's holiday party at school, do they need to undergo a criminal background check first? This question and others about the line between volunteer and visitor might become more difficult to answer starting Wednesday, when a new state child protective services law takes effect. The law, among other things, expands background checks for school volunteers and requires school employees, independent school contractors and volunteers in direct contact with children to update clearances every 36 months. It also spells out the duties of teachers and other "mandated reporters" in reporting suspected child abuse and the criminal penalties if...


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Generally, when using the conditional operator, here's the syntax:
int x = 6;
int y = x == 6? 5 : 9;
Nothing fancy, pretty straight forward.
Now, let's try to use this when assigning a Lambda to a Func type. Let me explain:
Func predicate = id == null
 ? p => p.EmployeeID == null
 : p => p.EmployeeID == id;
That's the same syntax, and should work? Right? For some reason that doesn't. The compiler gives this nice cryptic message:
Error 1 Type of conditional expression cannot be determined because there is no implicit conversion between 'lambda expression' and 'lambda expression'
I then went ahead and changed the syntax and this way it did work:
Func predicate = id == null
 ? predicate = p => p.EmployeeID == null
 : predicate = p => p.EmployeeID == id;
I'm just curious as to why it doesn't work the first way?
(Side note: I ended up not needing this code, as I found out that when comparing an int value against null, you just use object.Equals)
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up vote 18 down vote accepted
You can convert a lambda expression to a particular target delegate type, but in order to determine the type of the conditional expression, the compiler needs to know the type of each of the second and third operands. While they're both just "lambda expression" there's no conversion from one to the other, so the compiler can't do anything useful.
I wouldn't suggest using an assignment, however - a cast is more obvious:
Func predicate = id == null
 ? (Func) (p => p.EmployeeID == null)
 : p => p.EmployeeID == id;
Note that you only need to provide it for one operand, so the compiler can perform the conversion from the other lambda expression.
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Very very interesting. That actually makes alot of sense. Thanks. – BFree Nov 4 '08 at 20:05
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The C# compiler cannot infer the type of the created lambda expression because it processes the ternary first and then the assignment. you could also do:
Func predicate =
 id == null?
 new Func(p => p.EmployeeID == null) :
 new Func(p => p.EmployeeID == id);
but that just sucks, you could also try
Func predicate =
 id == null?
 (Order p) => p.EmployeeID == null :
 (Order p) => p.EmployeeID == id;
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The latter doesn't work, because the compiler doesn't know whether to convert to a delegate or an expression tree (or to, say, a Func which would be okay too). – Jon Skeet Nov 4 '08 at 19:55
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text:
Introduced in SQL Server 2005, TABLESAMPLE allows you to extract a sampling of rows from a table in the FROM clause. The rows retrieved are random and they are are not in any order. This sampling can be based on a percentage of number of rows. You can use TABLESAMPLE when only a sampling of rows is necessary for the application instead of a full result set.
TABLESAMPLE SYSTEM (10 PERCENT)
TABLESAMPLE SYSTEM (1000 ROWS)
If you run above script many times you will notice that different numbers of rows are returned everytime. Without any data changing, re-running the identical query keeps giving different results. This is non -deterministic factor of TABLESAMEPLE clause. If table is static and rows are not changed what could be the reason to return different numbers of the rows to return in each execution. The factor is 10 PERCENT is not the percentages of the table rows or tables records, it is percentages of the table's data pages. Once the sample pages of data selected, all the rows from the selected pages are returned, it will not limit the number of rows sampled from that page. Fill factor of all the pages varies depends on the data of the table. This makes script to return different row count in result set everytime it is executed. The REPEATABLE option causes a selected sample to be returned again. When REPEATABLE is specified with the same repeat_seed value, SQL Server returns the same subset of rows, as long as no changes have been made to the table. When REPEATABLE is specified with a different repeat_seed value, SQL Server will typically return a different sample of the rows in the table..
Following example is from BOL:
The following example returns the same set of rows every time that it is executed. The seed value of 205 was chosen arbitrarily.
SELECT FirstName, LastName
TABLESAMPLE (10 PERCENT)
REPEATABLE (205) ;


text: This paper introduces a novel wrapper-based outlier detection framework (WrapperOD) and its instance (HOUR) for identifying outliers in noisy data (i.e., data with noisy features) with strong couplings between outlying behaviors. Existing subspace or feature selection-based methods are significantly challenged by such data, as their search of feature subset(s) is independent of outlier scoring and thus can be misled by noisy features. In contrast, HOUR takes a wrapper approach to iteratively optimize the feature subset selection and outlier scoring using a top-κ outlier ranking evaluation measure as its objective function. HOUR learns homophily couplings between outlying behaviors (i.e., abnormal behaviors are not independent - they bond together) in constructing a noise-resilient outlier scoring function to produce a reliable outlier ranking in each iteration. We show that HOUR (i) retains a 2-approximation outlier ranking to the optimal one; and (ii) significantly outperforms five stateof-the-art competitors on 15 real-world data sets with different noise levels in terms of AUC and/or P@n. The source code of HOUR is available at _URL_


Skip to definition.
Verb: whiz (whizzed,whizzing) wiz
 1. Make a soft swishing sound
 "the motor whizzed";
 - whizz, whirr, whir, birr, purr
Noun: whiz wiz
 1. Someone who is dazzlingly skilled in any field
 - ace, adept, champion, sensation, maven, mavin, virtuoso, genius, hotshot, star, superstar, whizz, wizard, wiz, megastar
 2. A buzzing or hissing sound as of something travelling rapidly through the air
 "he heard the whiz of bullets near his head"
Derived forms: whizzing, whizes
Type of: expert, go, sound
Encyclopedia: Whiz


text:
How Luer and Other Small-Bore Connectors are Used in Clinical Settings
Small-bore connectors are parts used to connect medical devices to tubing and accessories that deliver fluids and gases to patients. Small-bore refers to the small size of the opening of the connector.
One of the most commonly used small-bore connectors are Luer connectors—sometimes called Luer fittings or Luers.
There are two types of Luer connectors: slips and locks. In general, a Luer consists of a tapered "male" tip and wider-tapered "female" sleeve that either slide into one another (a Luer slip) or screw together (a Luer lock) to form a secure, yet detachable, leak-proof connection.
A Luer slip connector (left) and a Luer lock connector (right).
Courtesy of Beaumont Hospitals
Examples of Medical Devices that Use Connectors
Many different types of medical devices use small-bore connectors including:
- Blood pressure cuffs and other non-invasive blood pressure devices
- Breathing systems such as anesthesia machines and ventilators
- Enteral feeding tubes that deliver liquid nutrients or medicine to the stomach
- Intravenous devices such as intravenous (IV) lines used to deliver nutritional formulas and medicines
- Neuraxial devices, such as epidural catheters, used to deliver medicines to the epidural space
- Urinary tubing, such as catheters, used to empty the bladder
- Vascular access devices used to obtain blood or monitor blood pressure, gas levels and chemical balances inside a patient's body


Storing Files in MongoDB with GridFS
Onyancha Brian Henry
Many applications involve file management and have file storage as an important feature for enhancing data processing. File storage often requires a third party CDN (Content Delivery Network), such as Amazon Web services, but this makes the management process a bit tedious. It would be easier to access all your resources from a single cloud storage, rather than multiple ones, as there may be a chance of failure during retrieval.
Storing files directly into a database through a single API call has not been something easily done until the introduction of GridFS in MongoDB.
What is MongoDB GridFS
GridFs is an abstraction layer in MongoDB used in the storage and recovery of large files like videos, audios, and images.This file system stores files that are even more significant than 16 MB within MongoDB data collections. The files are stored by first breaking it into smaller chunks of data, each piece having a size of 255 KB.
GridFS uses two collection systems to store files:
 1. Chunk: This is the collection that stores the document parts. The chunks are limited to a size of 255KB each and when one makes a query, the GridFS driver reassembles all the chunks as per storage unique _id. For example, you could want to retrieve a segment of a video file rather than the whole file, this is possible by just querying the correct range you want.
 2. File: This stores the consequent additional metadata for the file.
The collections are placed in a common bucket and then prefix each with the bucket name which by default is fs and so we have:
 - fs.chunks
 - fs.files
One can choose a different bucket name but the full collection name is subject to: name space limit of 255 bytes.
Chunks Collection
Chunk collection documents have the form:
 "_id" : ,
 "files_id" : ,
 "n" : ,
 "data" :
 - _id: is the unique identifier for the chunk
 - files_id: is the _id of the parent document as stored in the files collection
 - n: is the sequence number of the chunk starting with 0.
 - data: is the chunk's payload as BSON Binary type.
A compound index using files_id and n fields is used to allow efficient retrieval of chunks for example:
db.fs.chunks.find( { files_id: fileId } ).sort( { n: 1 } )
To create this index if it does not exist you can run the following command on a mongo shell:
Files Collection
Documents in this collection take the form
 "_id" : ,
 "length" : ,
 "chunkSize" : ,
 "uploadDate" : ,
 "filename" : ,
 "metadata" : ,
 - _id: is the unique identifier for the document which is of the data type one chooses for the original document and by default in MongoDB is the BSON ObjectId.
 - length: is the size of the document in bytes
 - chunkSize: size of each chunk which is limited to 255 kilobytes
 - uploadDate: field of type Date which stores the date the document was first stored.
 - filename: this is an optional field that is a human readable identification for the file.
 - metadata: this is an optional field that holds additional information that one wants to store.
An example of an fs file is shown below.
 "filename": "file.html",
 "chunkSize": NumberInt(23980),
 "uploadDate": ISODate("2020-08-11T10:02:15.237Z"),
 "length": NumberInt(312)
Like the chunks collection, a compound index using filename and uploadDate fields is used in the files collection to allow efficient retrieval of files, for example:
db.fs.files.find( { filename: fileName } ).sort( { uploadDate: 1 } )
db.fs.file.createIndex( { filename: 1, uploadDate: 1 }, { unique: true } );
When to Use the MongoDB GridFS Storage System
MongoDB GridFS is not commonly used but the following are the condition that may necessitates the use of this GridFS storage system;
 - When the current file system has a limit on the number of files that can be stored in a given directory.
 - When one intends to access part of the information stored, GridFS enables one to recall parts of the file without accessing the whole document.
 - When one intends to distribute files and their metadata through geographically distributed replica sets, GridFS allows the metadata to sync and deploy the data across multiple targeted systems automatically.
When Not to Use the MongoDB GridFS Storage System
The GridFS storage system is however not appropriate to use when there will be a need to update the content of the whole file saved in GridFS.
How to Add Files to GridFS
When storing an mp3 file in MongoDB using GridFs, the right procedure to follow is this;
 1. Open the terminal (The command prompt)
 2. Navigate to the mongofiles.exe (this is located in the bin folder)
 3. Use the command
 >mongofiles.exe -d gridfs put song.mp3
After the command, the name of the database to be used is the gridfs, if by chance, the name is missing, MongoDB automatically creates a document that stores the file on the database.
To view the file stored in GridFS use the query command below on the mongo shell;
The command returns a document with format shown below:
 _id: ObjectId('526a922bf8b4aa4d33fdf84d'),
 filename: "song.mp3",
 chunkSize: 233390,
 uploadDate: new Date(1397391643474), md5: "e4f53379c909f7bed2e9d631e15c1c41",
 length: _PHONE_
The file has the following details, filename, length, date uploaded, chunk size, and object_id. The chunks in fs.chunks collection can be viewed using the id returned in the initial query as has shown below.
GridFS Sharding
Sharding is also another feature applicable with GridFS. To shard chunks collection one can use either a compound index of { files_id : 1, n : 1 } or { files_id : 1 } as the shard key.
Harshed Sharding is only possible if the MongoDB drivers do not run filemd5.
File collections are often not sharded because they contain only metadata and are very small. The available keys neither do they provide an even distribution in a sharded cluster. However, if one needs to shard a files collection, you can use the _id field in combination with some application fields.
GridFS Limitations
GridFS File system has the following limitations:
 1. Atomic update: GridFS does not have an atomic update. This makes it easier to manually update by picking the required version of files and keeping multiple versions of files running
 2. Performance: the system tends to be slow with the file system and web server.
 3. Working set: one uses another server when working on a new working set. This is done so as to avoid disturbing the running working set.
GridFS is like a silver bullet to developers who intend to store large files in MongoDB. GridFS storage system gives developers a chance to store large files and retrieve parts of the needed files. GridFS is, therefore, an excellent MongoDB feature that can be used with various applications.


text:
File/Folder Collaboration Policies are supported for Box, Google Drive, and GSuite.
There are two ways to handle responses for Folder/File policies: Modify permissions or quarantine/delete.
To create a Folder/File policy:
- Go to Policy > DLP Policies.
- Click Actions > Create New Policy.
- Under Rules, select Collaboration.
- Choose Folder/File Collaboration.
- Add any option keywords or data identifiers.
- Choose one of the following:
- Modify permissions to enact the policy when a sensitive file is shared with domains that match a policy, or when a shared file is updated with sensitive information.
IMPORTANT: Policies with a Modify permissions response action do not recursively modify permissions on all parent folders that contain a sensitive file.
- Quarantine or Delete to enact the policy when a sensitive file is shared with domains that match a policy, or when a previously shared file is updated with sensitive content. They are also enacted when a sensitive file is uploaded in a folder that has already been shared with domains that match a policy.


text:
PRE-TREATMENT FOR COATING
cleanLASER has the technology needed when preparing surfaces prior coatings that removes virtually any kind of contamination from metal surfaces, including oxides, grease, oil, chlorides and many other organic and inorganic residues.
Laser surface preparation prepares surfaces without the problems related to conventional methods. Traditional surface preparation, such as abrasive blasting, solvent or chemical cleaning can leave harmful contaminants and residues on the surface that reduce coating bond strength while creating secondary waste. A laser cleaned surface is truly CLEAN with no clean-up required and not secondary waste to dispose.
- Cleaning and pre-treatment using laser light is abrasive ana consumable media-free
- Ideal preparation of metal parts
- High cleaning rates
- Laser cleaning produces surfaces with excellent bond strength quality for coating durability and corrosion resistance.
- Laser technology is ideally suited for flat or curved surface and parts with certain limitation for highly complex 3D geometries as well as elastomeric materials and plastics


text:
Indian Coin Recognition and Sum Counting System of Image Data Mining Using Artificial Neural Networks
This paper is to classify recently released Indian coins of different denomination. The is to recognize the coins and count the total value of the coin in terms of Indian National Rupees (INR). The system designs coin recognition which uses by combining Robert's edge detection method, Laplacian of Gaussion edge detection method, Canny edge detection method and Multi-Level Counter Propagation Neural Network (ML-CPNN) based on the coin. In this paper, it is proposed to introduce ML-CPNN approach. The features of old coins and new coins of different denominations are considered for classification.


How fast do Red-Tail Boas grow?
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Depending on the genetics of the snake, it's normal for a Red-Tail Boa to grow 2 feet per year. When they are born, they are usually 15-18 inches in length (depending on what subspecies it is), and they will grow on an average of about 2 inches per month. Again, this is all dependant on their genes and scientific classification. more
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Cost-Delay Tradeoffs for Two-Way Relay Networks
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Ciftcioglu, E.N. ; Dept. of Electr. Eng., Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA, USA ; Sagduyu, Y.E. ; Berry, R.A. ; Yener, A.
We consider two sources in a wireless network exchanging stochastically varying traffic using an intermediate relay. Each relay use incurs some cost, which, for example, could be transmission energy. This cost is shared between the sources when packets from both are transmitted simultaneously by the relay using network coding. If the relay transmits a packet originating from one source only, the cost is incurred by that source only. In this setting, we study transmission policies that tradeoff the average cost with the average packet delay. We first present the cost-delay tradeoff for a centralized scheme using Lyapunov stability arguments. Next, we consider a distributed policy, where each source aims to optimize its own cost-delay tradeoff. We determine the Nash equilibrium of the resulting non-cooperative game and show that it performs worse than the centralized algorithm. To overcome this limitation, we introduce a pricing mechanism at the relay, which is shown to achieve the centralized performance. These algorithms, though oblivious to the arrival statistics, do require global knowledge of queue backlogs. Lastly, we consider distributed algorithms that overcome this requirement. Among those, we observe that simple queue-length threshold algorithms perform remarkably well.
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Wireless Communications, IEEE Transactions on (Volume:10, Issue: 12 )


text:
Effectiveness of (R,Q) policies in one-warehouse multiretailer systems with deterministic demand and backlogging
Consider a distribution system with a central warehouse and multiple retailers. Customer demand arrives at each of the retailers continuously at a constant rate. The retailers replenish their inventories from the warehouse which in turn orders from an outside supplier with unlimited stock. There are economies of scale in replenishing the inventories at both the warehouse and the retail level. Stockouts at the retailers are backlogged. The system incurs holding and backorder costs. The objective is to minimize the long-run average total cost in the system. This paper studies the cost effectiveness of (R, Q) policies in the above system. Under an (R, Q) policy, each facility orders a fixed quantity Q from its supplier every time its inventory position reaches a reorder point R. It is shown that (R, Q) policies are at least 76% effective. Numerical examples are provided to further illustrate the cost effectiveness of (R, Q) policies.
Source: Naval Research Logistics
Chen, Fangruo. "Effectiveness of (R,Q) policies in one-warehouse multiretailer systems with deterministic demand and backlogging." Naval Research Logistics 47, no. 5 (August 2000): 422-439.


National Aviation Day
Today is National Aviation Day!
National Aviation Day was first celebrated in 1939 to recognise the achievements and developments in the aviation industry. Today, the day represents much more with the vast developments, software and technology that is available to now enhance the aviation industry in a magnitude of ways.
Schools often take the opportunity to host school trips and activities that recognise aviation pioneers and historic achievements.
Over the years, Pennant has been involved in projects such as Tornado, Sea king, Hawk and Lynx, and recognises the achievements from its global workforce. Through modern technology and innovation, Pennant continues to support and offer solutions to the aviation industry, providing safe, reliable training and product support.


Telepresence Robot Test Drive
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Robot #1
Robot #2
1. Compatible browsers: Safari only for iOS; Chrome (the best), Samsung Internet, Edge, Opera, Firefox for Android and Windows.
2. Press the button "GO!" above.
After that, you will see the page for the robot control and maybe the message "browser needs permission to access your camera..." You need to press "Allow". In other case you will see the message "Failed to get access to local media...". Press GREEN button to call the robot. If you don't see the video, reload the page and press the geen button again. if you still can't see the video, check the camera and permissions in the browser settings. After connection you can use circle in the right side of the window for the robot moving control.
See this video, how to control the robot:
3. Pressing the mouse button when the cursor is inside of the circle, driving control window will make the robot move forward. Pressing the mouse button when the cursor is in the top sector will make it go forward. To turn the robot, click within the left or right section. The further you click from the center of the driving control window, the faster the robot will go. The arrows on the right side of the circle allow you to control the tilt feature using the robot's camera (You can tilt up or down to see what is above and below).
4. Additionally, you can also control the robot by using the arrows on your keyboard.
5. For more details (about keyboard control, tips and tricks), please see the User Manual page within the following link: Support.
Please put the robot to the dock station after testing. To do that, place the robot in front of the docking station in the distance of about one meter or closer and press the button with the image of a bed.
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Shihe Ren, Xueming Zhu, Marie Drevillon, Hui Wang, Yunfei Zhang, Ziqing Zu, and Ang Li
A frontal detection algorithm is developed with the capability of detecting significant frontal segments of sea surface temperature (SST) in the high-resolution South China Sea Operational Forecasting System (SCSOFS). To effectively obtain frontal information, a gradient-based Canny edge detection algorithm is improved with postprocessing designed for high-resolution numerical models, aiming at extracting primary ocean fronts while ensuring the balance of frontal continuity and positioning accuracy. Metrics of frontal probability and strength are used to measure the robustness of the results in terms of mean state and seasonal variability of frontal activities in the South China Sea (SCS). Most fronts are found in the nearshore and form a strip shape extending from the Taiwan Strait to the coast of Vietnam. The SCSOFS is found to reproduce strong seasonal signals dominating the variability of the frontal strength and occurrence probability in the SCS. We implement the algorithm on the daily averaged SST derived from two other SST analyses for intercomparison in the SCS.
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text:
In-Sight® Spreadsheet Advanced class teaches the advanced topics of how to configure a vision application using the spreadsheets programming environment and user interface.
Students will learn to use advanced tools and those tools recently added to the spreadsheet environment. The spreadsheet interface requires some programming and uses intuitive application building enabling students to focus on solving their application quickly and effectively while taking advantage of the latest and greatest available through the spreadsheet.
Cognex's Education Services has been recognized by the International Association for Continuing Education and Training (IACET) as an Accredited provider of CEUs.
Participants will earn 1.4 Continuing Education Units (CEUs) after successful completion of this training event provided they are an active participant throughout the training event, and are in attendance for 100% of the training event's designated training hours.
At the end of this training event, participants will be able to:
- Configure the PatMax (PatMax and PatMax RedLine) tools
- Incorporate Edge and Bead Inspection tools to solve applications involving complex edges
- Analyze the results returned from the OCRMax tools
- Determine where color tools are helpful and implement them
- Implement Dialog Boxes and Wizards, Audit Messaging, and Test Run functions into an application
- Identify applications for the Flaw Detection tools and implement these tools
- Familiarity with Microsoft Windows environment
- PatMax Tools
- Edge and Bead Inspection Tools
- Dialogs and Wizards
- Flexible Flaw Detection
- Surface Flaw Detection
- Final Project


text:
Yair Bartal, Avrim Blum, Carl Burch, and Andrew Tomkins
extended abstract (STOC '97, pp 711-719, © 1997, by ACM, Inc)
journal version (submitted)
We present a randomized on-line algorithm for the Metrical Task System problem that achieves a competitive ratio of O(log^6 n) for arbitrary metric spaces, against an oblivious adversary. This is the first algorithm to achieve a sublinear competitive ratio for all metric spaces. Our algorithm uses a recent result of Bartal [Bartal96] that an arbitrary metric space can be probabilistically approximated by a set of metric spaces called ''k-hierarchically well-separated trees'' (k-HST's). Indeed, the main technical result of this paper is an O(log^2 n)-competitive algorithm for Omega(log^2 n)-HST spaces. This, combined with the result of [Bartal96], yields the general bound.
Note that for the k-server problem on metric spaces of k+c points our result implies a competitive ratio of O(c^6 log^6 k).


$ to $[0,1/2]$ modify Cantor's proof of the uniqueness of $\mathbb{Q}$ to construct an order-isomorphism $g$ between $D\cap(0,1/2)$ and $E=\bigcup_{n=1}^\infty A_{2n}$ that maps $A_n\cap(0,1/2)$ onto $A_{2n}$ for each $n$. Then define $f(x)=\sup\lbrace g(d):d\in D, d < x \rbrace $. Define $f$ on $[1/2,1]$ in a similar fashion.
Another addendum: I missed/overlooked the condition that $D=f^{-1}[D]$; my map is a bijection from $D$ to itself and that's it. The near-homeomorphisms on the square settle it nicely. In the spirit of those constructions one can get a one-dimensional example on the $\sin\frac1x$-curve: in every arc between points with coordinates $((n+\frac12)\pi)^{-1}$ and $((n+\frac32)\pi)^{-1}$ shrink the interval of points with $y$-coordinates between $-1/2$ and $1/2$ to the interval $[-1/n,1/n]$, everything in a bijective way. Then on the limit segment $\lbrace0\rbrace\times[-1,1]$ the interval $[-1/2,1/2]$ is collapsed to a point. Here $D$ is the graph of $\sin\frac1x$ of course.
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I don't understand how you can extend your function to $[0,1]$, you will need uniform continuity. – Guillaume Brunerie Oct 31 '11 at 0:00
I think your counterexample contains a bug (probably the problem is in the continuous extension). In fact I think I can prove that if X=[0,1] (or 1-dimensional) then the claim of FelipeG is true. – ccarminat Oct 31 '11 at 8:03
---I think I can prove that if X=[0,1] (or 1-dimensional) then the claim of FelipeG is true--- That's unlikely. Take $f:x\mapsto 2x^2-1$ on $[-1,1]$ and take some dense set of transcendental algebraicly independent numbers. Now, for each number take its full forward orbit and some its backward orbit (say, choosing the preimage from $[0,1]$ at each step). Clearly, all numbers you get will be different, so $f$ is one to one on the resulting dense set $D$. A similar construction should work in all but very degenerate metric spaces. – fedja Oct 31 '11 at 13:20
Fedja, if you only take some of the pre-image, then you won't have $f^{-1}(D)=D$. – Joel David Hamkins Oct 31 '11 at 13:26
Ah, right you are! I somehow missed that part of the condition entirely. Shame on me! – fedja Oct 31 '11 at 17:59
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standing - definition and synonyms
What are red words?
noun standing pronunciation in American English /ˈstændɪŋ/
 - Facebook
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 1. 1
 [plural] a list of teams or players put in order according to how many points they have won in games or competitions against each other. The usual British word is table.
 2. 2
 [uncountable] the status or reputation that someone or something has
 This latest scandal will undoubtedly have affected his standing with his colleagues.
 of high/great/considerable etc. standing:
 We are delighted to be working with a company of such high standing.
 1. a.
 used about people's social status
 People's jobs are an important measure of social standing.
 The owner of this house would have been a man of standing in Roman society.
 2. b.
 someone's success or status as measured in numbers, for example in an opinion poll
 The president's current high standing in the polls is not likely to last.
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text:
- THE MAGAZINE
- WEB EXCLUSIVES
Gage block length is defined as an interferometric measurement when the gage block is wrung to a flat platen. Gage block wring is incorporated into the lengths of the blocks themselves, and wringing film is included in the defined length of the gage block. When gage blocks are assembled in combinations, no additional correction factor for wringing films needs to be added to the length of the combination.
Wringability itself may be defined as the ability of two surfaces to adhere tightly to each other in the absence of external means--they are not magnetized or clamped together.
The source of the forces holding gage blocks together are thought to come from:
- Air pressure from the surrounding environment as the air is squeezed out when the blocks are slid together.
- Surface tension from oil that remains on the gage blocks or water vapor from the air that acts as an adhesive to hold them together.
- Molecular force caused by the interchange of electrons between the atoms of the separate blocks when two very flat surfaces are brought into such close contact with each other. This force will remain even in a vacuum or if no oil or water is present on the blocks.
Wringing requires two smooth, flat surfaces with surface finishes of 1 microinch AA or better. For gage blocks, it becomes difficult to wring surfaces once the flatness begins to exceed 5 microinches.
Remove all nicks and burrs before attempting to wring blocks together because a burr on one block may damage the surface of the other block. Blocks may be checked for burrs with a gage block stone before wringing. A gage block stone with serrated grooves is recommended because it gives a better "feel" for nicks and burrs that catch the edges of the serration. Badly nicked surfaces will click as a nick passes along the serration.
Foreign material em-bedded in the grain of the stone may scratch the blocks. Gage block stones should be conditioned before use. This may be done by lightly rubbing the surfaces of two stones together in a figure-eight pattern. Clean the stones with kerosene before use.
Will stoning a gage block change its size? It depends largely on the condition of a block. A block in good condition will not be affected by light stoning. Stoning removes portions of the block that have been raised above the true gage surface by nicks or scratches that can contribute to more variation or large readings during calibration. Stoning will remove this small amount of raised material. Repeatability of readings is improved, sizes appear to be truer to their original tolerances and blocks will wring together better.
- Stoning is to be performed only on used gage blocks where the surface finish may be degraded by scratches or small nicks.
- Make sure the stone is clean, dry and free from any dirt or abrasive compound. Abrasives on the stone may lap the block and significantly alter its size.
- With a light amount of pressure, stroke the block across the serration two or three times in a forward, back, forward motion. It is not recommended that anything more than light pressure be used unless necessary to remove nicks and burrs.
- Listen and feel for nicks and burrs. If the block glides easily across the stone without a scraping sound or clicking or jumping across the serration, then stop. Flip the block over, and repeat on the other side.
- If nicks and burrs are detected, repeat the procedure, but not more than twice. The pressure may be increased each time as needed to try to remove the nicks and burrs. Do not use more then seven strokes per session.
- If repeated attempts are unsuccessful at removing the burrs, examine the block for damage. In this condition it is not likely a block would be wringable.
Rusted gage blocks
Rusty blocks may be improved by stoning the blocks after the stone has been wetted with kerosene. While this may temporarily improve the utility of the block, it will not permanently remove corrosion or halt its advance.
- Dampen a cotton swab with kerosene.
- Wipe the stone with the dampened swab. A film of kerosene should be seen on the stone; the stone should not be dripping wet.
- Stone as before, using necessary pressure. It may be necessary to be aggressive to remove the corrosion.
- If the corrosion cannot be removed after repeated tries, then the block is considered damaged.
- Keep the stone dampened as the kerosene evaporates.
Recommended stoning pressures are: Light Stoning: 1 to 1.5 pounds pressure Medium Stoning: 2.5 to 3.5 pounds pressure Heavy Stoning: More than 6 pounds pressure
Wringing gage blocks
- Make sure that blocks are clean.
- Wipe the surfaces of the blocks to be wrung gently across the oiled wring pad.
- Wipe these surfaces on the dry pad, removing as much oil as possible.
- Slide the surfaces of the blocks together as shown in Figure 1. Apply pressure while sliding the blocks. The blocks should slide together without any feel of bumps or scratching and should adhere to each other after being rotated into place.
Wringability is an important property of gage blocks, and fortunately, it is a quality that can be controlled and monitored readily by the user of the blocks. With correct use and care, gage blocks will provide long, reliable and accurate service.
A wringability test may be done by the user of the blocks if a problem with a block is suspected.
To test gage blocks for wringability, a 2-inch diameter, Reference Grade (1 microinch flatness) quartz optical flat should be used. A double-sided flat is recommended if more than 40 blocks are to be tested. A double-sided flat does not add to the accuracy of measurement, but it provides a second wringing surface if the first surface becomes scratched during wringing.
As before, prepare the blocks for wringing.
- Wipe the surface of the optical flat gently across the oiled wring pad.
- Wipe the surface of the flat gently across the dry pad.
- Slide the test block onto the flat as shown in Figure 2. Apply pressure while sliding the block and flat together.
- Observe the surface of the gage block that is wrung to the optical flat from the opposite side of the flat. Repeat this step as necessary to ensure a valid result.
- Interpret results:For Federal Grades 0.5, 1 and 2, and ISO Grades K, 00 and 0, no color or oil should appear on the face of the flat. For Federal Grade 3 or ISO Grades 1 and 2, the surface shall not have less than 80% colorless wringing area.
- Repeat for the other surface of the test block.
The test may be difficult to apply to gage blocks that are not almost perfectly flat. This includes thinner gage blocks that are less than 0.1 inch (2.5 millimeters) thick, which are not usually flat in their free state, including most gage blocks in metric sets.