Why Citrus Trees Are Painted White
My girlfriend and I recently drove through Arizona, and while most of it was desert, we did see a few orchards of citrus trees. However, it was odd to see that many of the tree trunks were painted white. I was curious to learn more about this, so I did a bit of research. Here's what I found.
Citrus tree trunks are painted white to reflect sunlight off the tree's bark in the winter season. This prevents the tree's sap from entering a thaw and freeze cycle that might damage the tree's tissues. The reflective paint also keeps citrus trees from becoming sunburnt in the summer.
So, using white paint on your citrus trees helps prevent damage to their tissue and trunks in the summer and winter, but should you paint your trees? If so, what's the best way to paint them? Let's take a closer look.
Should You Paint Your Citrus Trees White?
whitewashing a tree
Consider painting, or "whitewashing", your citrus trees if you live in an area that gets cold, dry, and sunny winters. The white paint will help protect the tree during extreme heat in the summer, and the freeze and thaw cycles in the winter.
To determine if you should paint your citrus tree trunks white, it's helpful to know a bit about what happens to citrus trees during freeze and thaw cycles.
Citrus tree painting is most common in desert areas like Arizona or in parts of California that have a higher elevation, where the temperature difference between day and night is enough to throw off the tree's sense of dormancy.
To better see how warm days and cold nights can damage a citrus tree, think of how you use hoses during the winter. During freezing weather, hoses generally need to be drained of all water. If there's water left inside, the hose will expand and rupture the hose from the inside-out. The same can happen with citrus trees.
When it's warm, citrus tree sap normally moves up and down its tissues. However, during freezing weather, the flowing sap will become stuck from the cold. It also expands as it freezes, which bursts plant cells and tissues.
Because of this, the citrus tree could then crack or split, which exposes the tree and increases the risk of pests or disease from bacteria or fungus.
Trees can also become dehydrated and stressed by the lack of flowing sap, as the cold and dormant roots won't provide water or nutrients to the active tissues.
This stress from infection or dehydration can stunt the citrus tree's growth or fruit production for all of the next growing season and beyond.
So, where does white paint come in?
White paint reflects the strong winter sunlight off of the citrus tree's trunk and prevents the tree from warming and waking up from its dormancy. By keeping the tree's temperature lower during the warm days, the freezing nights aren't as drastic. This prevents the tree from going through extreme internal temperature swings and protects the tissues from bursting.
Because of this, the tree remains stable and in a sort of stasis throughout the dormant, winter season.
What Else Does White Paint Protect a Citrus Tree From?
Whitewashing a citrus tree when it is young also protects the thin bark from sunscald damage, which is caused by the strong sun beating directly onto the tree bark without the protection of foliage or other shade. It's essentially a sunburn for trees.
Also, painting the trunk white adds another layer to the thin bark that can help with light physical damage, like something hitting or scraping the trunk.
Some orchardists also rely on the painted bark to help them spot borers, as their sawdust trails show up more easily on the white paint than they do on the plain bark of an unpainted tree.
Is Paint Bad for Citrus Trees?
The paints used by gardeners or orchardists are usually a lime-based whitewash or a latex-based paint, which don't harm the tree, although there are drawbacks to the latex paint (more on this below).
The white paint is applied to the outside of the bark, which is itself a shield or barrier for the tree's inner tissues, so there's little to no absorption in the tree.
However, not all paint is safe for use on trees. Oil-based, enamel, semi-gloss paints, and paint primer should never be used, as these penetrate and stain the bark of the tree.
What Kind of Paint Is Used on Citrus Trees?
The best paints to use on citrus trees are:
 - Whitewash (also called limewash)
 - Casein paint
 - Latex paint
Let's take a look at some of the pros and cons of these paints and see which one is best for citrus trees.
Latex Paint
If you're painting your own tree, you may want to consider avoiding latex-based paint.
The latex in paint, even in indoor grades, is derived from petrochemicals. This means they produce fumes known as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that cause respiratory harm to life that's close enough to inhale them, and its run-off contaminates groundwater.
Fortunately, there are safer, organic alternatives.
Limewash is a type of whitewashing, and one that specifically uses, you guessed it—lime. It's an old term for white paint made with hydrated lime, or calcium hydroxide.
The process of manufacturing limewash involves taking limestone and treating it with heat and water to change its chemical makeup. It's also considered an environmental, or green product.
To make limewash for your citrus trees, you'll first need ten pounds of crushed lime. Start by adding three pounds of salt to twelve quarts of water, and then slowly add the ten pounds of crushed lime, stirring as you go.
However, if DIY isn't your thing, check out the selection at limeworks.us.
Casein Paint
White paint made from casein, or milk proteins, is easily made at home and is another good alternative to white latex paint.
To make casein paint, add the juice of one lemon to a quart of skim milk. Leave this out overnight. The next day, strain out the curds with a sieve or cheesecloth. The curds can be pulverized and used as paint or, to make their color even whiter, combined with four tablespoons of dry artist's pigment.
How to Apply White Paint on Citrus Trees
It's best to paint citrus tree trunks in the early fall before things start to get really cold, but if you're already in the winter season, apply the paint on a warm day. All you need is your whitewash of choice, a paintbrush, and a plan.
Here are some more tips on how best to apply whitewash citrus trees:
 - Whitewash young citrus trees as well because their bark is still thin and can be easily burned by the sun.
 - Plan to paint in the morning when the outdoor temperature is 50ºF and rising. Do it as early as you can to give the paint time to dry before nighttime and the cool temperatures arrive. But if you do it too early while the air is still cold, the paint itself may freeze on the trunk, which defeats the purpose. So plan accordingly!
 - A normal paintbrush is really your best bet for whitewashing. Some people like to spray the white paint onto the trunk, but this makes good coverage difficult, especially if there's a breeze.
 - If you're using casein paint, use it as soon as you can after you've strained it. If you wait too long, the paint will spoil and be very unpleasant to work with.
 - Apply the paint from the base of the tree up to where the trunk splits into branches. If you're painting a young sapling in spring or summer to protect it from scald, paint it up to the point where the foliage begins shading the trunk.
 - Paint all sides of the tree, not just the southern exposure.
 - If you're using limewash, keep stirring the paint pretty frequently as you go along to keep the lime fragments suspended in the water, or to keep the milk proteins from separating.
 - The trunk will need two or three coats of paint to get good coverage and color.
 - Refresh the paint on your citrus trees once a year in the fall, and you'll have thriving citrus trees for many years to come.
If you'd like to learn more about whitewashing, here's a video by Enjoy Transformation that shows how to make a traditional limewash.
Tyler Ziton
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This paper presents a new strategy for obstacle avoidance in mobile robots leader-follower formation. The key feature of the algorithm is that the system is robust against absolute acceleration of both leader and obstacle. On the other hand the angular velocity constraint of leader and obstacle is eliminated in the proposed leader-obstacle formation. The formation controller is composed of a feedback linearization part and a sliding mode compensator. Similar structure is used for both leader-follower and leader-obstacle formation. The proposed controller generates the commanded acceleration for the follower robot and makes the formation control system robust against the unmeasured acceleration of the leader robot and obstacle. Simulation results are presented to show the validity of the proposed methodology.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


ListTagsForResource - Amazon WorkLink
Retrieves a list of tags for the specified resource.
Request Syntax
GET /tags/ResourceArn HTTP/1.1
URI Request Parameters
The request uses the following URI parameters.
The Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of the fleet.
Required: Yes
Request Body
The request does not have a request body.
Response Syntax
HTTP/1.1 200 Content-type: application/json { "Tags": { "string" : "string" } }
Response Elements
The following data is returned in JSON format by the service.
The tags attached to the resource. A tag is a key-value pair.
Type: String to string map
Map Entries: Maximum number of 50 items.
Value Length Constraints: Maximum length of 256.
The request is not valid.
HTTP Status Code: 400
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What a Gas Smell in Car Means and How to Fix It
An in-depth guide on what to do if your car smells like gas. What a Gas Smell in Car Means and How to Fix It drivrzone.com
What do you do if your car smells like gas? Like most people out there, you will check the usual and most logical places on your vehicle for where the smell is coming from. Since the fumes of gasoline can have adverse reactions to your body, it is best to take care of it right away. Headaches, dizziness, feeling light-headed, and even feeling nauseated are some of those reactions your body will have to those fumes. In this blog, we will discuss what to look for and how to get rid of the gasoline smell in your vehicle, depending on where it is.
rwfilling the car with gas
Common Reasons Why Your Car Smells Like Gas
There are many places to look at for a gas smell in your vehicle. This is something that you should have taken care of right away or risk getting ill. Here is a list of places that are more common to look and some that are uncommon in that you might not even consider looking for the gasoline smell.
Injector Leak
This is something that is not car smells like gascommon, but if your fuel injector is leaking, it is usually leaking by the seal or O-ring. Make sure your car is running and look along the fuel rail, which is the area we locate the injector. If this is leaking, you will most definitely smell it, and there will be wetness around the injector.
The injector has a seal and O-ring placed at the top and bottom and can tend to dry out, which will cause cracking in either of them. If this is the case, then just put, replace whichever one is damaged, and you are good to go.
If the injector itself is damaged, then you will need to replace the whole thing. This would be a tough job on your own, so it might be beneficial to have your trusted mechanic to do this for you. The improper placement of the injector can cause the O-ring to be damaged.
Fuel Tank Leak
This is probably your most common form of leaking that you can have when looking for a problem. Your tank is under the car, and since it is exposed to the elements and whatever is on the roads while driving, there is potential for it to crack, rot, or be punctured.
When you drive out of your spot where the car is parked, you will generally find a puddle under your vehicle. Get under your car, and look for the fuel tank, then once there, look for wet spots or stains on the fuel tank. If this is the problem, you will need to have it removed and see if you can fix it yourself or replace the tank altogether.
Unfortunately, if you don't catch your leak right away, you could be on the road and find yourself in a potentially dangerous situation. If you are following someone who throws something out of their window that could ignite the fuel under your car.
woman closing her noseFuel Line Leak
Your fuel line runs under your vehicle from the fuel tank to the engine itself. Most fuel lines can become squeezed or rotted out because of the road debris while traveling. The old age of the line can also cause the line to leak or be damaged if someone who doesn't know what they are doing is working under your vehicle and crushes the line or breaks it unknowingly.
Fuel pressure in your car will run anywhere from 35 psi to 60 psi. So if there is a loose-fitting, or it compromises the line in any way, fuel can spray a mist outside of the line. If you follow the fuel line, especially if it is fuel injected, noticing a drip will be easy to find. It is best to let a mechanic repair the fuel line, and while they are doing completing that, they can check for other problems with the fuel.
Faulty Canister
You probably didn't know this, but there is a charcoal canister in the vehicle. They make this canister of plastic and filled with charcoal to filter out most of the excessive vapors from the fuel tank to reduce the number of emissions there are before being sent out the exhaust.
If the canister has a crack in it or a leak in the seals, you will get the smell of gas. Usually, this type of leak will set off a diagnostic trouble code, so you can take it to the mechanic to have it read on a reader.
car at gas stationMissing Gas Cap
This one may be silly to some, but if your gas cap is loose or not there, this can emit a smell of fuel in your vehicle. This will also set off a diagnostic code if they equip your car with this type of system. Since the newer model of cars has a vacuum test placed on the tanks for the gas cap when it fails, the light will go on in your vehicle.
It goes without saying that you need to make sure you have the cap on tight and adequately. Fumes can escape from anywhere that is not sealed, so be careful.
Gas Station Exposure
Silly, we know, but when you go to the gas station, you need to look around for spills. Sometimes when gas fumes from the station get into your car, you will need to open a window, drive for a while, and hope the smell goes away. If it doesn't, however, you are more likely the one causing the smell.
Sometimes when pumping the fuel, you are likely to spill gas on your clothes or hands accidentally, so make sure to check and wash your clothes and hands immediately if you notice it. This is relatively common when filling a gas can for your smaller engines at home, like the lawnmower.
Older Cars
If you are one of those people who collects old cars, or likes to drive them due to their simplicity, it is not uncommon to smell gas when shutting off the vehicle. This is because the newer models have built-in evaporation emission systems in them, while the older models do not.
So the fuel in your older vehicle will most likely release a small faint odor of gas once shut off because of fuel floating in the bowl of the carburetor. It will go away after a little while, but if it doesn't, then check those other areas we already discussed.
Uncommon Reasons Why Your Car Smells Like Gas
Oil Cap O'ring or Gasket Broken
This is not something you may consider, but if the O'ring or gasket under your hood for the oil cap is broken or leaking, it will cause a smell close to gas to be taken in by your fresh air intake. This means that when you turn on your HVAC, you will smell the faint smell of gas.
If you check here and see that it is a problem, it is a simple fix. Go to your auto parts store or dealership and see about getting a replacement.
Loose Spark Plug
Simply put, if your spark plugs are not correctly placed or sealed correctly, fumes from the combustion chamber could leak fumes into your HVAC. This is because the engine compartment is right next to this chamber and will give off the smell of gas.
Check each of your spark plugs to make sure they are properly sealed, and the torque is just right one by one and see if this helps ease the smell.
Leaking Oil
Open your hood and look to see if you have any oil leaking from the engine. Valve cover gaskets are prone to leaks, and because they sit above the engine, which is where most of the heat is while the vehicle is running, they can fail quickly.
The used motor oil in your car has a degree of unburnt fuel mixed in with it, so this can cause the smell of gas in your vehicle. Generally, for an oil leak, you would take your car to the mechanic to have fixed. This is so they can clean off the engine and fix the leak.
Exhaust Fumes
Leaks in your exhaust can get drawn into the HVAC system if the leak is close to the engine. Any leak that is located before the catalytic converter can have a ridiculous fuel odor because of the unburnt gasses present before the converter cleans it.
So if you notice your exhaust is louder than usual or there is a ticking sound when speeding up, have your exhaust manifold checked for leaks.
Cleaning a Spill
car exaust
Now, if, after looking at all these areas, you have determined that it is on the floor of your car from the bottom of your shoes in a transfer or a spill from a container, take these steps to clean the spill.
 1. Soak up excess gasoline with a cloth or old rag that you will not want when done.
 2. Get a cleaning solution or make one that is made up of carpet shampoo and water. Or, if you would like, mix an equal amount of vinegar, baking soda, and water.
 3. Scrub the mixture into the area that contains the spill. It will be best to use a brush to get it deep into the fabric or flooring.
 4. Now, dab the mix into a clean rag, trying to get as much of it back up as you can.
 5. Let air dry in the sun.
Eliminating the Odor cleaning gas stain
After you are done cleaning the spill, most people like to make sure that the odor is completely gone. Some options for getting rid of the smell are the following:
 1. Coffee Grounds – While this might not


5 Digital Product Examples That Are Created And Sold Most
by Alex Mansour
2 months ago · 3 min read
The huge spread of digital technologies and e-commerce has made us see what are known as digital products. Unlike physical products that have been known for years, digital products don't have a physical existence. But they still make huge sales, with many digital product examples that may use or consume every day.
digital products
Having digital products, as a business or individual, can have many advantages. You can sell these digital products more easily. Without having to make huge investments or build warehouses or factories.
If you are considering making a digital product, here are examples of some of the most widely sold and created digital products that you can create and sell as a person or a business.
Software or application
One of the most widely created and sold digital products is software products. Many of the software that you use daily is digital products by businesses or individuals. They can be in the form of PC software, a mobile application, or a web app.
Whether it is software for editing photos or a mobile application for listening to music. It is a digital product that makes money for the business behind it. The software industry is growing rapidly around the world. Many software products are becoming more and more important.
While businesses can create their software themselves, they can also outsource their software to a software development company.
The transition from physical book copies to digital book copies was just a matter of time. Right now the transition is happening at high rates. As more and more people are reading books digitally instead of physical books.
With many choices of laptops, tablets, mobile phones with large screens, and ebook readers like Amazon Kindle, fewer people are in need of physical book copies.
Ebooks are emerging widely since then and became something on their own. Becoming a new publication that businesses and individuals can use to deliver information to audiences. That is without the hassle of traditional publishing.
Ebooks are often in an informal language just like any web content. They have no limitations for page numbers or any other aspect. Any business or individual can create an Ebook to let people learn something, conclude or explain it with infographics or checklists.
Audio and video
One of the biggest examples of digital products currently is audio and video products. Whether they are audiobooks, audio files that you can use as resources, or videos published in one of many ways. They are all digital products that people and businesses sell.
With cheaper equipment and platforms for anyone to sell or publish audio and video. Anyone and any business can create high-quality audio and video. In addition, they can sell them or publish them to help them share knowledge or achieve business goals.
Video games
The video games industry is one of the biggest industries when it comes to digital products. Therefore, for people to buy and enjoy video games, whether, for PCs, game consoles, or mobile phones, you can buy them digitally.
Not all video games are big and created by huge companies. Either one person or a small team creates them, they are still making big amounts of money. Which is the greatest thing about digital game platforms like Steam. One of the best things about digital products, as an individual or business, can benefit no matter how small it is.
Online courses
Online courses are among the biggest examples of digital products, considering how widely spread and popular they are. Most of us have enrolled in an online course or more. They are a great solution for learning that the digital world is offering us.
Anyone can create an online course and sell it online. Even without needing to create a platform from scratch to sell it, platforms like Udemy and Teachable make it much easier.
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Turning Points in Australian History
edited by Martin Crotty, David Roberts
Paperback | Oct 2008 | UNSW Press | 9781921410567 | 320pp | 234x153mm | GEN | AUD$34.95, NZD$39.99
'If only', 'what if' and 'why didn't we' are phrases that often come to mind when we look back to the past. This exciting and stimulating book looks back at turning points and crucial moments in Australian history. Rather than arguing that there have been forks on a pre-determined road, the book challenges us to think about other paths or better paths that might have led to different outcomes. It shows that a decisive event often becomes so only in retrospect and that what seemed like a major turning point at the time often had no real impact at all.


text:
Both a live backup and a transaction log mirror provide a secondary copy of the transaction log. However, there are several differences between using a live backup and using a transaction log mirror:
In general, a live backup is made to a different computer By running the Backup utility on a separate computer, the database server does not do the writing of the backed up log file, and the data transfer is done by the SQL Anywhere client/server communications system. Therefore, the performance impact is decreased and reliability is greater.
Running a transaction log mirror on a separate computer is not recommended. It can lead to performance and data corruption problems, and stops the database server if the connection between the computers fails.
A live backup provides protection against a computer becoming unusable Even if a transaction log mirror is kept on a separate device, it does not provide immediate recovery if the whole computer becomes unusable. You could consider an arrangement where two computers share access to a set of disks.
A live backup may lag behind the database server A transaction log mirror contains all the information required for complete recovery of committed transactions. Depending on the load that the database server is processing, the live backup may lag behind the transaction log mirror and may not contain all the committed transactions.
Discuss this page in DocCommentXchange.
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Firth of Tay and Eden Estuary Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar)
Firth of Tay and Eden Estuary, United Kingdom
MARINE PROTECTED AREA
More info about Marine conservation
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Hey friend, could you provide us a wikipedia URL with a good description of this protected area?
Please, be sure that you are suggesting an english language wikipedia URL (_URL_....)mark it as wrong
The Firth of Tay[pronunciation?] (Scottish Gaelic: Linne Tatha) is a firth in Scotland between the council areas of Fife, Perth and Kinross, the City of Dundee and Angus, into which Scotland's largest river in terms of flow, the River Tay empties. The firth has a maximum width of 3 mi (4.8 km) at Invergowrie.
Two bridges span the firth, the Tay Road Bridge and the Tay Rail Bridge.
The firth has one major island, the marshy Mugdrum Island.
The Firth of Tay in Antarctica was discovered in 1892-93 by Captain Thomas Robertson of the Dundee whaling expedition and named by him after the one in Scotland. He also named nearby Dundee Island in honour of the main city on the firth.
The Firth of Tay and Eden Estuary were designated a Ramsar sites on 28 July 2000, as a Special Protection Area on 02 February 2000 and as a Special Area of Conservation on 17 March 2005. Several parts are within a site of special scientific interest - Inner Tay Estuary, Monifieth Bay, Tayport-Tentsmuir Coast. The Invergowrie Bay section is a local nature reserve.
The Firth of Tay is outstanding for its extensive sand and mudflats, its population of common seals and for its wintering birds such as oystercatcher, bar-tailed godwit, shelduck and velvet scoter. There is good access to much of the shoreline and many good wildlife watching opportunities.
At some 15km in length, the reedbed on the north shore of the inner estuary is thought to be the most extensive in Britain.
Coordinates: 56°26′N 3°00′W / 56.433°N 3°W / 56.433; -3
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source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Woodstock is known for its vibrant and creative art scene. It has been long associated with the painters Woodstock that have made an indelible impression on the world of art. There are many lesser-known painters Woodstock who have contributed to the artistic legacy of the town, our website.
They may not be well-known, but the talent and artistry of these unsung artists is undeniable. These are the Woodstock artists whose work is quietly displayed in local galleries.
Emily Bennett is one such artist. She has dedicated her entire life to capturing Woodstock's forests, meadows and ethereal beauty. Bennett's paintings, with their meticulous brushstrokes and keen eye for details, evoke a deep sense of reverence and serenity for nature in viewers. Bennett's dedication to her art and intimate connection with Woodstock landscapes make her an unsung heroine among Woodstock painters.
Thomas Chang is another hidden gem. His abstract paintings are a modern artist who pushes the boundaries of traditional art techniques. Chang's bold, colorful use of texture and color creates a visual harmony that captures the viewer and challenges them to explore new perceptions. Although his innovative style of painting has been praised by local art lovers, Chang's name is relatively unknown outside Woodstock.
These lesser-known Woodstock painters are a testament to a diverse range of artistic forms that flourish within the town's vibrant creative ecosystem. Their work offers a new perspective and a narrative that enriches the tapestry Woodstock's rich artistic heritage.
In a city known for its rich art legacy, it's important to celebrate and uncover the hidden gems of Woodstock painters. We can honor these lesser-known artists and gain a better understanding of Woodstock's multifaceted art scene by shedding light on them.


In web3js, I can use below code to get private key and wallet address from mnemonic. But how can I get private key if user has mnemonic and extra-word from MEW
const ethers = require('ethers');
let mnemonicWallet = ethers.Wallet.fromMnemonic(mnemonic);
enter image description here
The "Extra Word" is a BIP-39 passphrase. It looks like you're using Ethers.js, so you can do something like this:
const { utils, Wallet } = require('ethers');
const hdNode = HDNode.fromMnemonic(mnemonic, passphrase).derivePath(utils.defaultPath);
const wallet = new Wallet(hdNode);
The fromMnemonic function does not provide a way to specify a passphrase directly, but this essentially does what fromMnemonic does with the extra passphrase.
Your Answer


text:
We'll admit that we're a little late discovering Sign Libra, but this new track from her forthcoming album Sea To Sea is an absolute beauty.
Accompanied by an equally colourful visual, 'Sea of Islands' is an vibrant, fun and quite frankly unquie exploration into sound which embodies the intricacy and singularity of Sign Libra's music.
The nine song album explores the "philosophical and mythological nature" of the "seas" of the moon's surface, known collectively as lunar maria. Each track is devoted to a different "liquid expanse."
Part of the proceeds from the album will go to Music Fund, a humanitarian organisation that helps young people in conflict zones and developing countries practice music in suitable conditions.
Sea to Sea follows her 2018 ballet composition, Closer to the Equator, released via Sounds of the Dawn / Antinote.
Watch the video and check out the tracklisting below.
1. Sea of Fecundity
2. Sea of Islands
3. Sea of Waves
4. Sea of Serenity
5. Sea of Vapours
6. Sea of Nectar
7. Sea of Cleverness
8. Sea of Tranquility
9. Sea of Knowledge


text:
Children's Stick Insect is a medium sized stick insect. Females are larger and bulkier than males, and usually green, but can also be pinkish or cream. The wings are yellowish with bright patches of yellow and blue at the base. Males are slender and light reddish brown. Both males and both the males and females have two pairs of wings. Males are strong fliers, but females are too bulky to fly well. They rely on camouflage to avoid predators. When threatened, Children's Stick Insect will spread its wings showing the yellow and blue markings. Nymphs have a yellow stripe running along the length of the body. When at rest, the nymphs will align themselves on the leaf so yellow stripe aligns with the leaf midvein.
length to 14cm
feeds on leaves of Eucalypt trees
The females lay their eggs from a tree where they drop down into the leaf litter. The eggs are small, oval and grey and hatch after about four months. The nymphs are light green or green tinged with pink or purple.
Children's Stick Insect is found in eastern coastal areas of Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria.
|Common Name:||Children's Stick Insect|


Grassy Narrows: Forty years later
Grassy Narrows in focus ⬿
Grassy Narrows: Forty years later
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John Ahni Schertow
May 14, 2011
CBC video journalist Peter Wall returns to Grassy Narrows, 40 years after the community was poisoned with Mercury.
Forty years after Dryden Chemical Company dumped 20,000 pounds of mercury into the Wabigoon River, with the Ontario government's expressed consent, the people of Grassy Narrows continue to suffer the effects of mercury poisoning.
Dryden Chemical Company, a chloralkali process plant, supplied both sodium hydroxide and chlorine for the Dryden Pulp and Paper Company. Dryden Chemical company discharged their effluent into the Wabigoon-English River system. 20,000 pounds of mercury was dumped into the river between 1962 and 1970.
In 1970, the government of Canada stepped in, informing commercial fishermen and tourist-lodge owners along the English-Wabigoon River that fish were testing for extremely high levels of mercury.
After the warning was made public, the Ontario government told the people of Grassy Narrows, Wabaseemoong, and Wabauskang First Nations to stop eating the fish– their main food staple–and further advised Grassy Narrows to shut down its commercial fishery. In the blink of an eye, Grassy Narrows' economy was devastated.
The government, however, claimed that it would only take a few months for the mercury to wash out of the river system. Yet, forty years later, the effects are still being revealed.
For more information on Grassy Narrows and their struggle, please visit:
Further Reading
We're fighting for our lives
independent uncompromising indigenous


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Great Fire of New York
Hold up, buddy.
The Great Fire of New York happened on September 21, 1776. At the time conditions were dry and there were few people in the city at the time so the fire spread fast but killed few. The reason for this was when the British moved in and took control of the city the people moved out. With the people gone eventually the British left so few people remained.
Many people believed that the British were responsible for the fire because of how fast it spread; however, in this case it was literally an accident. The fire wound up burning 25% of the city.
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You are here: Home » Law » Sample Test Questions in Politics, Government, and Constitution
Sample Test Questions in Politics, Government, and Constitution
Multiple Choices. Write the letter of answer on the space provided before each number. Do not encircle. Erasures or change of answers are considered wrong in all items of this exam. Encircled letter is likewise wrong.
______ 1) It is the power inherent in the sovereign State to levy or impose charges upon persons, property, occupation, and others, to defray the expenses of the government and to enable it to fully discharge its functions.
 a.) police power b.) taxation c.) constitution d.) power of eminent domain
______ 2) It is the fundamental law of the land.
 a.) civil code b.) constitution c.) penal code d.) statutes
______ 3) It is a term which refers to the registered voter of the State.
a.) citizen b.) electorate c.) resident d.) constituent
______ 4) It is a prelude to the written Constitution.
 a.) national territory b.) preamble c.) state d.) constitutional convention
______ 5) The House of Representatives in the Philippines belongs to what branch of government as stated in Article VI of the 1987 Constitution?
 a.) executive branch b.) legislative branch c.) judicial branch d.) independent branch
______ 6) It refers to the automatic adoption of international law as part of the domestic law of the country.
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Average Weather Data for Yucca, Arizona
Monthly Averages
January February March April May June July August September October November December
Average Monthly high in °F: 62° 66° 71° 80° 89° 101° 105° 103° 97° 85° 71° 62°
Average Monthly low in °F: 38° 41° 44° 50° 59° 69° 77° 75° 67° 55° 44° 38°
Yearly Averages
What's The Average High Temp in Yucca? 82.7 °F
What's the Average Low in Yucca? 54.8 °F
What's the Average Temperature in Yucca? 68.75 °F
How Many Inches of Rain per year does Yucca get? 8.1 inches
How Many Rainy Days a year are there in Yucca? N/A
How Much Sunshine each year is there in Yucca (in hours)? N/A
How much, if any, snow falls each year in Yucca? N/A
Yucca Temperature and Rain Graphs
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There are few things more disappointing than watching beautiful oranges ripen only to cut into them and find that the oranges are dry and flavorless. The question of why an orange tree produces dry oranges has plagued many home owners who are fortunate enough to be able to grow oranges. There are many reasons for dry orange fruit, and hopefully this article will help you pinpoint the causes of dry oranges on your trees.
Possible Causes of Dry Oranges
Orange fruit drying on the tree is technically referred to as granulation. When oranges are dry, there are many factors that can be responsible.
Over-ripened fruit – A common cause of dry orange fruit is when the oranges are left too long on the tree after they are fully ripe.
Underwatering – If a tree receives too little water while in fruit, this can cause dry oranges. The basic goal of any tree, not just an orange tree, is to survive. If there is too little water to support both the orange tree and the orange fruit, the fruit will suffer.
Too much nitrogen – Too much nitrogen can cause dry orange fruit. This is because nitrogen will encourage rapid growth of foliage at the expense of the fruit. This does not mean that you should eliminate nitrogen from your orange tree's fertilizing schedule (they need nitrogen to be healthy), but make sure that you have the proper amount of nitrogen and phosphorus.
Weather stress – If your weather is unseasonably warm or unseasonably cold while the orange tree is in fruit, this can be a cause of dry oranges. When a tree is under stress from weather conditions, the fruit will suffer while the tree works to survive the unexpected conditions.
Immature orange tree – Oftentimes, the first year or two that an orange tree produces fruit, the oranges are dry. This is because the orange tree is simply not mature enough to properly produce fruit. It is for this reason that some growers will prune away any fruit that appears the first year an orange tree blooms. This allows the tree to focus on maturing rather than on inferior fruit production.
Poor rootstock selection – Though uncommon, if you find that you have dry orange fruit almost every year, it may be that the rootstock that was used for your tree was a poor choice. Almost all citrus trees are now grafted onto hardier rootstock. But if the rootstock is not a good match, the result can be poor or dry oranges.
Regardless of the causes of dry oranges, you will often find that fruit harvested later in the season will be more affected than orange fruit harvested earlier in the season. In most cases, the reason why an orange tree produced dry oranges will correct itself by the following season.


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Parks in this Network
Southwest Alaska Network
The SWAN I&M Program is one of 32 National Park Service I&M Networks across the country established to facilitate collaboration, information sharing, and economies of scale in natural resource monitoring. It is comprised of five national park units, each of which contain a rich and varied array of natural and cultural resources. These parks and their partners are dedicated to understanding and preserving the region's unique resources through science and education.
A summary of projects, observations, and new methods used by SWAN during the 2012 summer field season
A listing of published reports concerning natural resources that are monitored and managed at Southwest Alaska Network parks.


What is the difference between a Voucher code and an Order number?
A Voucher code is a unique 10 character numerical code provided with the purchase of a Kogan Mobile Plan. This code is required to activate or recharge your account.
The Order Number is a unique 8 digit alpha numeric code used for confirmation purposes of the order being placed.
For information about how to use Kogan Mobile vouchers please click here.
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What tool does a farmer use? Kids put their reasoning skills to the test as they match each worker with his tool. Kids love imagining about what they'll be when they grow up, and this exercise helps get them thinking about just that.
Check out Tools of the Trade #2 to learn about other jobs and their tools.


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For this feasibility study, silver/superconductor jelly-roll samples with a superconductor composition of Bi1.8Pb0.4Sr 2Ca2Cu3Ox (2223), were fabricated via a thick-film processing technique. It was found that the densification and alignment of 2223 grains along the Ag layers was crucial to achieving high critical current densities (Jc). The effects of cyclic mechanical working and heat treatment were investigated to develop a scheme to maximize Jc. The highest zero-field J0 value of 2650 A cm -2 (Ic=43 A) was obtained in a jelly roll heat treated at 815 degrees C, where the majority of the mechanical deformation was performed prior to the first heat treatment. Magnetic-field-dependence measurements made in a 50 G field showed a 23% reduction in Jc when the field was applied parallel to the current flow, and a 30% reduction when the field was applied perpendicular to the current flow. This was superior to the best comparable powder-in-tube samples.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Ceramics and Composites
- Condensed Matter Physics
- Metals and Alloys
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Materials Chemistry


How Long Do You Have to Go to School for Medical Billing and Coding Salary?
How long you have to go to school for Medical Billing and Coding will depend on what Certification course program you choose, most courses range between 6-9 months. If you want to receive a Degree opposed to a Certificate it can take 3-4 years.
Q&A Related to "How Long Do You Have to Go to School for Medical..."
Medical coders take source documents such as diagnostic findings and treatment and medication records and convert them into standardized coding for patient charts, billing and data
Wages for medical billing and coding specialist will vary significantly based on years of experience, education and the city or state you live in. Your salary or hourly rate will
1 Target the education requirements for your specific desired job. Within the wider field of medical billing and coding, various job roles require different levels of education. Look
According to, the avrg salary for
Explore this Topic
To determine how long it takes to complete an online course in medical billing and coding you should find out the school or course requirements. Many online courses...
To become a medical billing and coding specialist that requires an Associates Degree so it would take you two years to obtain. If you go to a vocational school...
Someone may need to take a class to become a medical biller and coder. This can take about 18 months to complete through a local community college or on line school...


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You can link together pairs of tools, so that changing the information displayed in one tool automatically updates the other. This can be done for virtually any tool in Common LispWorks, and provides a simple way for you to browse information and see how the state of the Lisp environment changes as you run your code. For instance, you can make between an Inspector and a Listener so that every time you evaluate a form in the Listener, its value is automatically inspected.
You can also link two copies of the same tool. This can be a very useful way of seeing two views of a tool at once. For instance, you could create a copy of the Class Browser by choosing Window > Clone, and then link them together. By keeping one browser in the subclasses view, and the other in the slots view, you can automatically see both the subclasses and the available slots for a given class.
Linked tools have a master-slave relationship. One tool (the slave) gets updated automatically, and the other tool (the master) controls the linking process. To link together any two tools:
To break a link, select -- No Link -- instead of a specific tool.
To view all the current links that have been established, choose Edit > Link from > Browse Links... Select any of the links listed and click on Remove Link(s) to remove them.


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To determine intrasession and intersession repeatability of retinal vessel oxygen saturation from the Oxymap Retinal Oximeter using a whole image–based analysis technique and so determine optimal analysis parameters to reduce variability.
Ten fundus oximetry images were acquired through dilated pupils from 18 healthy participants (aged 22 to 38) using the Oxymap Retinal Oximeter T1. A further 10 images were obtained 1 to 2 weeks later from each individual. Analysis was undertaken for subsets of images to determine the number of images needed to return a stable coefficient of variation (CoV). Intrasession and intersession variability were quantified by evaluating the CoV and establishing the 95% limits of agreement using Bland and Altman analysis. Retinal oxygenation was derived from the distribution of oxygenation values from all vessels of a given width in an image or set of images, as described by Paul et al. in 2013.
Grouped in 10-μm-wide bins, oxygen saturation varied significantly for both arteries and veins (p < 0.01). Between 110 and 150 μm, arteries had the least variability between individuals, with average CoVs less than 5% whose confidence intervals did not overlap with the greater than 10% average CoVs for veins across the same range. Bland and Altman analysis showed that there was no bias within or between recording sessions and that the 95% limits of agreement were generally lower in arteries.
Retinal vessel oxygen saturation measurements show variability within and between clinical sessions when the whole image is used, which we believe more accurately reflects the true variability in Oxymap images than previous studies on select image segments. Averaging data from vessels 100 to 150 μm in width may help to minimize such variability.


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Downstream users are companies or individuals who use a chemical substance, either on its own or in a mixture, in the course of their industrial or professional activities.
Downstream users have a key role to play in advancing the safe use of chemicals by implementing safe use at their own site and communicating relevant information both to their suppliers and their customers.
Who is a downstream user?
Roles and obligations
Communication in the supply chain
Communication with suppliers
Effective communication between downstream users and suppliers at all stages in the REACH process ensures that relevant information is provided in the supply chain.
Communication with customers
Formulators need to communicate relevant safety information further down the supply chain to their own customers.
Chemical safety assessment
Downstream user chemical safety assessment
Downstream users may choose to carry out a chemical safety assessment if they use a substance outside the conditions described in the exposure scenario provided by the supplier, or if the use is advised against by the supplier.
Downstream user report
Downstream users have to report unsupported uses to ECHA in certain cases.


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The Total column shows the total number of people in that county or town with this surname.
For example, there were 279 people called BIARD in Hognaston at the time of the 1881 census.
The Frequency column shows the percentage of people in this county or town
with this surname. For example, a frequency of 2500.0000 in Hognaston means that
2500.0000% of the people in Hognaston on census day were called BIARD.
The Index column shows the relative probability of finding someone called BIARD
in this county or town, compared with the probability of finding them anywhere in Britain as a whole.
An index of 1 means that if you pick someone at random from this county or town, you have exactly the same
probability of picking someone called BIARD as if you picked at random from the whole of the UK.
Where the index is higher than 1, then you are more likely to find someone called BIARD here
than if you picked from the UK as a whole, and where it's lower then you are less likely. The actual figure
shows the level of probability - for example, a figure of 2 would indicate that you are twice as likely to find
someone called BIARD here than in the UK as a whole, and 10 would make it ten times as likely.
The value of 0.28 in Hognaston means that you are 0.28 times as likely to find
someone with the surname of BIARD in Hognaston than you would be in the whole of the UK.


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Vitim volcanThe Vitim Plateau volcano is a vast volcanic field northeast of the Baikal Lake. Cinder cones and associated lava flows are spread over an area of about 10,000 sq km.
Introduction:Volcanism in the Vitim Plateau dates back to the Miocene. The most voluminous activity was between the Miocene and the Pleistocene. A second second phase occurred during the Pleistocene and Holocene.
Most of the volcanic centers are located in the NW part of the volcanic field, parallel to the axial part of the Baikal Rift Zone, which lies about 200 km to the west. Mantle zenoliths are found in several locations.
Source: Smithsonian Institution / GVP
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message: String,
 replaceWith: ReplaceWith = ReplaceWith(""),
 level: DeprecationLevel = DeprecationLevel.WARNING)
Marks the annotated declaration as deprecated.
A deprecated API element is not recommended to use, typically because it's being phased out or a better alternative exists.
To help removing deprecated API gradually, the property level could be used. Usually a gradual phase-out goes through the "warning", then "error", then "hidden" or "removed" stages:
 - First and by default, DeprecationLevel.WARNING is used to notify API consumers, but not to break their compilation or runtime usages.
 - Then, some time later the deprecation level is raised to DeprecationLevel.ERROR, so that no new Kotlin code can be compiled using the deprecated API.
 - Finally, the API is either removed entirely, or hidden (DeprecationLevel.HIDDEN) from code, so its usages look like unresolved references, while the API remains in the compiled code preserving binary compatibility with previously compiled code.


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# Manage content
Access from homepage: Select your event > Design > Digital content
Content refers to digital content that the event organiser or partners give to visitors at an event. This could be brochures, white papers, images, website links and so on. Visitors collect the content by tapping a touchpoint or scanning a QR code.
This page describes how to add content to Visit, how to print content QR codes and how to assign/unassign touchpoints to content.
Partners can also add digital content, using Visit Connect. For more information, refer to Visit Connect - Add digital content.
# Content groups
There are three types of content:
- Event content: event organisers can create and manage event content in Visit.
- Partner content: Visit creates a digital partner content record every time a partner is added. You cannot manually add partner content groups.
- Product content: Product content is linked to each Visit Touchpoint that an exhibitor has at an event. Product content requires a Visit Touchpoint license. Partners add this content using Visit Connect.
# Add an event content group
Select + Add.
Create an event content group:
- Enter a name for the event content group. Visit uses this to display the content in the UI.
- Optional: enter a description.
- Select Upload file to upload your logo.
- Select Save.
# Add content to a group
- Before adding content, either Add an event content group or select an existing group to Edit groups and content
- Select Add content.
- Enter a name for the content. Visit uses this to display the content in the UI.
- Select the content Type. Depending on the type, you have the option to upload assets or enter text.
- Select Save to add the content and return to the company information page.
- Select Add content to add more content, or select ← Back to return to the content list.
# Edit groups and content
- Hover over the content group you want to edit.
- Select Edit.
- Change the content settings, or select Add content to add more content.
- Select Save.
# Bulk import and export partner logos and descriptions
Access from homepage: Select your event > Design > Digital content > Partner content
You can import partner logos and descriptions from a spreadsheet, to bulk update partner digital content. The logo and description appear in the Visitor Portal when a visitor interacts with the partner.
- Select Import.
- Select Download to download a template.
- Add partner logos to the template. The template file contains detailed instructions.
- Select Upload file to upload your logo spreadsheet.
- Select Import to add the logos to Visit.
You can also export the same partner information:
- Select Export.
- Choose the export file type.
- Select Export. Visit prepares the file.
- When the file is ready, select Downloads, then select the file you want to download.
# Content QR codes
QR codes automatically appear in Visit and Visit Connect when the QR code feature is activated. Partners can download and print them from Visit Connect. To activate QR codes, your organisation must have the Visitor Portal module in its contract, and your Visit account manager must add the QR code license to the event. Contact your account manager for more information.
# Print content QR codes
You are able to print the QR codes of content with a connected Zebra printer. This is currently only supported in Chrome on macOS and Chrome on Windows 7 or higher.
On Windows a one time driver installation is required:
- Download the Zadig USB driver installation tool, you can get it here (opens new window)
- Plug in your Zebra printer
- Run the downloaded tool, no installation is required.
- Select the Zebra printer from the dropdown list (e.g. 'ZTC G420d'). If it's not available in the list, try selecting Options > List all devices
- Select WinUSB in the input field
- Select Install driver or Replace driver
- Make sure your Zebra printer is plugged in
- Select the content items you want to print
- Select Print QR codes
QR codes can be printed in different formats: small, large and large with help (this includes content details).
# Assign / unassign Touchpoints to content
Touchpoints can be assigned and unassigned to and from Digital Content in both Visit and EventBox.
Access from homepage: Select your event > Design > Digital content > Event content / Partner content
- Select Design > Digital Content
- Select the content you wish to assign a Touchpoint to
- Plug a Touchpoint with compatible firmware (contact your client manager) to your computer and press connect
- Place the Touchpoint you wish to link to your content on the plugged Touchpoint and assign it.
Auto assign Touchpoints
For a faster assign process, click on the auto assign button. This will automatically select the next digital content on the list and the user can simply place a new Touchpoint on the plugged Touchpoint to get it assigned.
To unassign a Touchpoint, simply place a linked Touchpoint on the plugged Touchpoint and click on unassign.
It's possible to automatically print a label with a Zebra printer when you check print label
For information on adding the content to Touchpoints via EventBox, refer to Assign a touchpoint to an exhibitor.


Definition of Institutionalization:
 1. The state of being placed or kept in a residential institution.
 2. The action of establishing something as a convention or norm in an organization or culture.
 3. Process which translates an organizations code of conduct, mission, policies, vision, and strategic plans into action guidelines applicable to the daily activities of its officers and other employees. It aims at integrating fundamental values and objectives into the organizations culture and structure.
How to use Institutionalization in a sentence?
 1. People with a history of long-term institutionalization.
 2. They remain committed to the institutionalization of democracy.
 3. The institutionalization of the memorandum was part of the large scale shift in the cultural values that were newly adopted by the firm.
 4. We were looking into institutionalization and if it would be a good choice to put my brother in a place where people would help him.
 5. Sometimes you need to make a strong message so that everyone will follow the INSTITUTIONALIZATION that you are trying to keep in tact.
Meaning of Institutionalization & Institutionalization Definition


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Definition of dog whistle in English:
1A high-pitched whistle used to train dogs, typically having a sound inaudible to humans.
- X rays are light emitted at much higher frequencies than humans can see, in the same way as a dog whistle blows at a frequency that is beyond the sensitivity of the human ear.
- Blow into it and the sound produced is not unlike that of a dog whistle.
- He kept blowing a dog whistle in a fruitless attempt to coax Molly out.
1.1 [usually as modifier] A subtly aimed political message which is intended for, and can only be understood by, a particular group: dog-whistle issues such as immigration and crime
More example sentences
- She nailed the point of why the Government was holding such an Inquiry, describing it as "dog whistle politics to men's groups aggrieved by the Family Court".
- This dog whistle may have been missed by his audience, and was certainly neglected by the press, but it resonated in Conservative headquarters.
- Mr Norris added that modernisers who felt uneasy about the party's focus on "dog whistle" issues such as asylum may struggle to criticise the leadership.
Definition of dog whistle in:
- British & World English dictionary
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
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AMAP Assessment 2015: Human Health in the Arctic
This report provides the accessible scientific basis and validation for the statements and recommendations made in the Summary for Policy-makers: Arctic Pollution Issues 2015 reporti that was delivered to Arctic Council Ministers at their meeting in Iqaluit, Canada in April 2015. It is also the basis for a related AMAP State of the Arctic Environment report Arctic Pollution Issues 2015: Overviewii. It includes extensive background data and references to the scientific literature, and details the sources for graphics reproduced in the overview report. Whereas the Summary for Policy-makers report contains recommendations that focus mainly on policy-relevant actions concerned with addressing contaminant impacts on Arctic human populations, the conclusions and recommendations presented in this report also cover issues of a more scientific nature, such as proposals for filling gaps in knowledge, and recommendations relevant to future monitoring and research work.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Consider the Weierstrass cubic $$y^2z = x^3 + A\, xz^2+B\,z^3.$$ This defines a curve $E$ in $\mathbb{P}^2$, which if smooth is an elliptic curve with basepoint at $[0,1,0]$.
I'm interested in having an explicit description of the locus of $p$-torsion points of this curve, where $p$ is prime.
In fact, suppose $p\neq 3$. Then ideally I'd like to be able to find a curve $C$ in $\mathbb{P}^2$, given by an equation $f=0$ of degree $d=(p^2-1)/3$, so that the scheme $X=E\times_{\mathbb{P}^2} C$ is precisely the locus of points of exact order $p$.
Example: For $p=2$, it's well known that $f=y$ gives such a curve.
I'd like $f$ to be an expression which depends on $A$ and $B$; i.e., I want to do this over a generic part of the moduli stack. I would also like this expression to work in characteristic p; in this case, $X$ should turn out to be the "scheme representing Drinfeld level structures $\mathbb{Z}/p\to E$". (Edit: I'm particularly interested in families of curves which include supersingular curves.)
(My example curve $E$ is never smooth in characteristic $2$, but if you consider a more general Weierstrass form which is smooth in char. $2$, then you can find a degree $1$ curve $C$ which does what I ask. For instance, if $E: y^2z+A\,xyz+yz^2=x^3$, take $f=A\,x+2\,y+z$.)
So my questions are:
 1. Is it usually possible to find an equation $f=0$ such that $E\cap C$ is exactly the $p$-torsion? (Is this the same as asking that $X$ is a complete intersection?) Can you ever show it's not possible?
 2. Are there known methods for computing the locus of $p$-torsion points explicitly? Are there software packages which do this? (I'm aware there are ways to find explicit torsion points on elliptic curves defined over some field or number ring; I'm asking for something a little different, I think.)
 3. Have people carried out these sorts of computations for various small values of $p$ (even $p=5$), and are these computations described in print? (I'm probably most interested in this question.)
Warning: I am not an algebraic geometer or number theorist.
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3 Answers 3
That's not the best wikipedia page. "The division polynomials form an elliptic divisibility sequence." is mentioned well before the far more important "the roots of then'th division polynomial tell you the n-torsion in the curve".
share|improve this answer
PS finite flat group schemes are always complete intersections ;-) – Kevin Buzzard Mar 4 '10 at 16:56
Okay, I will look into that! I'm worried it's not what I want, though. The roots of the division polynomial $\psi_p$ are the $x$-coordinates of the $p$-torsion points, which means it degenerates in characteristic $p$ to something of smaller degree; it will never give the thing I want if the curve is supersingular, for instance. But since the algorithm seems to give a formula for $[n]:E\to E$, maybe I can get what I want out of it... – Charles Rezk Mar 4 '10 at 17:13
I'll tell you a formula for [n]:E-->E; it's [n-1]+[1]. This works even in characteristic $p$. I am wondering whether if you think hard enough about this trivial observation that it will solve your problems without actually having to do any computations... – Kevin Buzzard Mar 4 '10 at 17:27
To be honest, perhaps the main contribution of the answer is telling you what to google for, rather than anything else... – Kevin Buzzard Mar 4 '10 at 17:29
PS _USER_: I've just realised that I don't understand your comment earlier about degenerations. You absolutely want the p'th division polynomial to degenerate mod p, because in characteristic p the identity of the group (the point at infinity) is a root of the equation [p]P=0 with multiplicity at least p, and hence you want some of the roots of the polynomial to go off to infinity, which is exactly what is happening. – Kevin Buzzard Mar 4 '10 at 17:39
Since you asked about software, I'd just like to point out (if you don't know already) that SAGE (available at sagemath.org) can compute division polynomials easily. The commands
R. = PolynomialRing(GF(5))
E = EllipticCurve([A,B])
f = E.division_polynomial(5)
return the result
2*A*x^10 - A^2*B*x^5 + A^6 - 2*A^3*B^2 - B^4.
The warnings of the commenters apply; you must be cautious about interpreting the division polynomials. It is true that the roots of this polynomial give you the "physical" 5-torsion points of the elliptic curve in characteristic 5, but that's about all it says. The polynomial does not tell you, eg, the structure of the group scheme E[5] over the supersingular locus.
A little more helpful might be the formal group associated to this family:
G = E.formal_group()
which returns
2*A*t^5 + (2*A^6 - A^3*B^2 - B^4)*t^25 + O(t^30)
There's also a command G.group_law() whose output I'm not going to give here. Together these data give you the structure of E[5] over an infinitesimal neighborhood of the zero section of your elliptic curve over $\text{Spec}\mathbf{F}_5[A,B,\Delta^{-1}]$.
I'm a firm believer in explicit calculations as a means of developing intuition about algebro-geometric concepts. But by all means read Katz-Mazur :-).
share|improve this answer
Here is an attempt to answer my own question, using the "division polynomials" of Kevin's and Jared's answers. It is probably the maximally naive idea, and I do not claim it works, though it's not clear to me that it can't. I've community wiki-ed this answer, as it's probably junk anyway...
Fix $A,B\in \mathbb{Z}$, obtaining an elliptic curve $E$ over $S=Spec \mathbb{Z}[\Delta^{-1}]$, and a prime $p\geq 5$ not dividing the discriminant $\Delta=\Delta(A,B)$. The division polynomial $\psi_p(t)$ is supposed to be a polynomial of degree $d=(p^2-1)/2$ over $\mathbb{Z}$, whose roots are the values $t(P)=x(P)/z(P)$ as $P$ ranges over the points of exact order $p$ in $E$.
Turn $\psi_p$ into a homogeneous polynomial $g$ of degree $d$ in $\mathbb{Z}[x,y,z]$, so that $g(x,y,1)=\psi_p(x)$. The polynomial deterimes a curve $C=(g)$ in $P^2/S$, and thus a closed subscheme $D=E\cap C$ of $E$. Over $\mathbb{Z}[\Delta^{-1},p^{-1}]$, $D$ should consist of the points of exact order $p$ on $E$ (with multiplicity $1$), together with the basepoint of $E$ with multiplicity $d$.
Claim. $D$ is an effective Cartier divisor on $E/S$, of degree $3d$.
Proof. I don't know. I need to prove that $D\to S$ is flat, the main concern being the behavior over $\mathbb{Z}_{(p)}$. I don't even know if this is really plausible in general.
Let's pretend we somehow know $D$ is an effective Cartier divisor on $E$ relative to the base $S$. There is another relative Cartier divisor, namely $$ D' = E[p] \quad + \quad (d-1)[0]$$ where $E[p]$ is the $p$-torsion subgroup scheme of $E$, and $[0]$ is the degree one divisor of the basepoint of $E$. It seems clear that away from characteristic $p$, the divisors $D$ and $D'$ are equal. Equality of effective divisors on a smooth curve is a closed condition, so they should be equal over all of $S$.
The divisor I want is thus $D''=D-d[0]=D'-d[0]$ (which is still effective). Then it's really easy to find


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Analysis of the Surgeons-Anaesthetists Communicative and Collaborative Relationship in the Operating Rooms (An Inside Perspective)
Introduction: Effective collaboration and communication among health care professionals are essential for efficient patient-care; however, collaboration can be challenging in a highly demanding, Operating Room (OR) environment, where different team members have a shared responsibility for a single patient.
The surgeon and anaesthetist are two physicians in charge of one patient, however with different focus and aspects of care, and thus their communication is importance to ensure patient safety, reduce medical errors and achieve the best outcome.
Purpose: The purpose of this research study was to understand the current collaborative relationship between surgeons and anaesthetists at a tertiary hospital, discussing different factors that might have contributed to this relationship and how that might impact, patients, practice, and healthcare trainees.
Design, setting and participants: The Study was conducted at a tertiary center university-based hospital on the east coast of Saudi Arabia, using a quantitative descriptive, cross-sectional survey design. The inclusion criteria included any anaesthetist or surgeon who had spent at least six months in the institution. The instrument used was "The Assessment of Inter-professional Team Collaboration Scale II" (AITCS II) in its online version.
Results: A total of 85 participants data were considered for analysis, the data analysis indicated a positive collaborative relationship.
Surgeons overall collaboration means were higher than the anaesthetists, but the difference was statistically insignificant between disciplines. Also the overall collaboration scores were higher among females but again statistically insignificant.
Conclusion: The survey demonstrated a positive Inter Professional Collaborative (IPC) relationship among surgeons and anaesthetists in the institution, with stronger collaboration seen amongst senior staff which alludes to the importance of the reinforcement of collaboration through role modelling and training especially in academic institutions, high lightening the need of involving program directors, educators, and policy makers, in the process towards a collaborative patient-centred care.
Summayah M A Fallatah, Stuart Cable
Abstract | Full-Text | PDF
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4-Square Drill
Imagine a small square on the ground and you are standing in the middle of it. As fast as you can jump out of the box and back to starting working your way all around the box. Then repeat with your left and right feet.
So it looks like this:
BackForeword
Then repeat in the opposite direction
Repeat the pattern again with your left and right feet seperately.
Jumping the pattern with both feet and each foot individualy = 1 rep
4-Square Drill to Box
Same pattern, but jump up to and off of a plyo box or ledge.


text:
Ciencia del suelo
versión On-line ISSN _PHONE_
Austrocedrus chilensis forests suffer a widespread mortality locally known as «mal del ciprés» (cypress disease) whose cause remains controversial. Previous studies suggested Phytophthora austrocedrae as the biotic cause; however, the origin of the mortality is still being studied since there are affected areas not connected with Phytophthora. The soil was proved to be an important factor affecting the disease. The purpose of this article was to study soil chemical properties related to A. chilensis disease. Four sampling sites with A. chilensis dense forests developed on different types of soils were selected in the 16 de Octubre Valley (Chubut province, Argentine). In each of them, pairs of plots that differed in disease symptoms were established. Each pair included a plot with an advanced degree of disease (diseased plot) and another that did not exhibit symptoms (asymptomatic plot). Eight plots were included in the control forests, where the disease was totally absent. In each plot, a soil sample from the A horizon was collected for chemical analyses. This study showed high soil chemical fertility in all the forest soils, with high contents of organic matter, nitrogen, exchangeable cations and high cation exchange capacity. Differences between diseased forests and control forests were found for the following properties: sum of bases, base saturation, calcium, pH NaF and phosphorus. These differences could be associated with the drainage conditions and may also be associated to the presence of Phytophthora.
Palabras clave : Cypress; Chemical properties; Phytophthora austrocedrae.


text:
Comparing the Overlapping of Two Independent Confidence Intervals with a Single Confidence Interval for Two Normal Population Parameters
Type of DegreeDissertation
DepartmentIndustrial and Systems Engineering
MetadataShow full item record
Two overlapping confidence intervals have been used in many sources in the past 30 years to conduct statistical inferences about two normal population means. Several authors have examined the shortcomings of Overlap procedure in the past 13 years and have determined that such a method completely distorts the significance level of testing the null hypothesis of two normal population means and reduces the statistical power of the test. Nearly all results for small sample sizes in Overlap literature have been obtained either by simulation or by somewhat inaccurate formulas, and only large-sample (or known-variance) exact information has been provided. Nevertheless, there are many aspects of Overlap that have not yet been presented in the literature and compared against the standard statistical procedure. This paper will present exact formulas for the % overlap, ranging in the interval (0, 61.3626%] for a 0.05-level test, that two independent confidence intervals (CIs) can have, but the null hypothesis of equality of two population means must still be rejected at a pre-assigned level of significance for sample sizes? 2. The exact impact of Overlap on the?alpha-level and the power of pooled-t test will also be presented. Further, the impact of Overlap on the power of the F-statistic in testing the null hypothesis of equality of two normal process variances will be assessed. Finally, we will use the noncentral t distribution, which has never been applied in Overlap literature, to assess the Overlap impact on type II error probability when testing the equality of two population means for sample sizes equal two.


text:
The piovdc library for writing Vapor Data Collection (VDC) 2 data files _URL_
The piovdc library is used to write VDC2 data files in a parallel manner using PIO. After the prerequisite library functions are used, a call to pio_writedarray is made, writing the passed data to an on disk VDC2 collection.
VDF meta-file must be generated, using either rawtovdf or vdfcreate if advanced features (wavelet type, compression ratios, or boundary type) are needed VDF file requires VDC version to be 2, and requires the Waveletname, WaveletBoundaryMode, CompressionRations, and NumTransforms to be set.
After a successful write, VDC2 data will be in a directory located in the same directory as the vdf file, using the vdf name, appended with _data (ex. ghost.vdf generates VDC2 data in the dir ghost_data in the vdf dir) If no compression is enabled, a single, uncompressed file will be generated using PIO instead of a VDC


text:
18th Century Desk Design (The Antiques Dictionary) Taken from Antiques directory By Judith & Martin Miller
A structural change occurred during the early 18th century in the design of bureau. It had been customary for the fall front to open to a concealed document compartment or well, which can be seen as a blank space on the front of the desk between the top edge of the fall (seen examples 1 &2). Sometimes decorated as a dummy drawer, this space was soon utilized as a fourth drawer at the expense of the wall.
Another change concerned the feet, which became either ogee brackets, of cabriole legs with claw and ball feet, or chunky square edged brackets, though by the end of the 18th century the splay French foot had gained considerable popularity (see example 3).
American desks of Queen Anne and Chippendale periods resemble very closely their English counterparts in design if not in materials though there is one important exception—the block front. This was from Dutch origin. See examples 4 &5
Example 1: William and Mary slant front 1710,
Example 2: A curly maple slant front 1720 Example
3: Federal mahogany veneer 1790
Example 4 Queen Anne inlaid walnut 1740 Example 5 Chippendale walnut slate front desk 1780


Emergency Custody MD Lawyer How To File Rockville
A parent or a related part can file for an emergency petition for child custody in Maryland if the child's well being and security is in jeopardy. Unlike the procedure of normal custody, emergency custody hearings can happen faster, between a time span of days to just hours. This is due to the minor's life being in danger and courts of the state of Maryland always rule in the best interest of the minor.
An emergency guardianship order is supposed to remove the minor from the harmful and damaging environment and place him or her in a safer one to prevent further child abuse or neglect. The emergency minor guardianship order is temporary, to provide a secure environment until a minor guardianship petition is filed and a permanent minor guardianship order is obtained.
There are several steps that a person must go through when filing for a petition for urgent custody in the state of Maryland.
Some of those steps are mentioned below:
 1. Obtain a form for emergency guardianship from the clerk of the court in Maryland and fill the form with the information that is required.
 2. Specify the danger and harmful conditions that the minor is currently in, for instance, if the minor is being sexually or physically abused by his or her custodial parent, or if the minor is residing with a custodial parent whom is involved in illegal business and thus endangering the minor.
 3. Provide the court with any witnesses that verify your allegation, so that a court order for emergency guardianship is obtained.
 4. State in the form that "unless an emergency guardianship order is issued, the child's life will be at risk"
 5. Sign the petition form of the emergency guardianship with the presence of a lawyer. The hired lawyer is required to take an oath that confirms the claims that were specified in the form by the party applying for emergency guardianship are correct to his or her knowledge and awareness.
 6. File the form filed with the court of the state of Maryland and send a copy of the form to the custodial parent and non-custodial parent. The aim of the sent copy of the form is for the parents of the child to be aware of what is going on with the child's life.
 7. Find out who the judge that is handling your petition the day that you arrive in the courthouse.
 8. Go to the judge that is responsible of your motion and present to him or her, your copy of the motion.
 9. Display your emergency guardianship case to the judge. If the judge believes that the child is indeed in a danger circumstance, an issue will be ordered and will grant you temporary emergency custody of the child, and instruct law enforcement to retrieve your child from the harmful environment. The judge will also schedule a custody hearing on the issue within a couple of days during the meeting.
If you need a Maryland minor guardianship lawyer to help you with your child custody case in Maryland, call us at _PHONE_. Our Maryland child custody attorneys can help you. C


text: Mercy High School, originally named Our Lady of Mercy Academy, was established by the Sisters of Mercy in 1882. During its early years, Mercy Academy educated children in grades K-12. As the need for a quality, Catholic education grew, so did our schools in the region. Catholic schools were formed in Chico, Redding, and Oroville. In 2017, to ensure a robust future, these school were reorganized as the Northern Valley Catholic Academies.


text:
No additional information.
Can develop different horns of any type, and may develop more than one pair, though no more than three pairs. - Will ALWAYS have one pair of horns at minimum, unless they opt to saw them down.
May develop two tails instead of one, or no tail at all.
Horns do not grow in until late stages of development.
Rarely, a dark-skinned child will be born, though they are (most often) exiled or killed on birth. - They are seen as a curse, and often mistaken for a Daemon child.
Females do not have breasts, they do not need them to feed their young.
Reproductive organs not visible until the process takes place.
Rarely feel the need to wear attire, very difficult to find any proper fitting size.
Can be born with or without wings.
Horn style varies with every born.
Skin color pertains to location:
"From the egg Agranon are born with pearly white scales and silver eyes, which progressively change color and shape depending on the environment the infant is raised. Heated environments produce adults with red or brown scales and goldenrod eyes, cooler environments develop blues, greens, yellows, or stay the original white, with eyes of silver or blue."


text:
To describe the learning curve and provide an estimate of the accuracy of physicians' US examinations (US skills) and self-confidence when examining umbilical catheter tip placement" Kaae et al (2019).
BACKGROUND: The training required for accurate assessment of umbilical catheter placement by ultrasonography (US) is unknown.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the learning curve and provide an estimate of the accuracy of physicians' US examinations (US skills) and self-confidence when examining umbilical catheter tip placement.
METHODS: Twenty-one physicians with minimal experience in US completed a 1.5-hour eLearning module. Ten piglets with catheters inserted in the umbilical vessels were used as training objects. Following eLearning each physician performed up to twelve 10-min US examinations of the piglets. Expert examinations were reference standards. Sensitivity and specificity of physicians' skills in detecting catheter tip placement by US was used to describe the learning curve. Self-confidence was reported by Likert scale after each examination.
RESULTS: Physicians' detection of a correctly placed and misplaced umbilical artery catheter tip increased by an odds ratio of 1.6 (95% CI: 1.1, 2.3) and 3.6 (95% CI: 1.7, 7.8) per examination performed. A sensitivity of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.80, 0.99) and specificity of 0.95 (95% CI: 0.84, 0.99) was reached after 6 examinations. For the venous catheter, US skills in detecting a misplaced catheter tip increased with an odds ratio of 2.4 (95% CI: 1.2, 4.8) per US examination. Overall, performance and self-confidence plateaus were reached after 6 examinations.
CONCLUSION: We found steep learning curves for targeted US examination of umbilical catheter placement. eLearning followed by 6 examinations was found to be adequate training to perform with a sufficiently high accuracy and self-confidence to allow for point-of-care use.
You may also be interested in…
Kaae, R., Kyng, K.J., Frederiksen, C.A., Sloth, E., Rosthøj, S., Kerrn-Jespersen, S., Eika, B., Sørensen, J.L. and Henriksen, T.B. (2019) Learning Curves for Training in Ultrasonography-Based Examination of Umbilical Catheter Placement: A Piglet Study. Neonatology. October 29th. doi: 10.1159/000503176..


Set it to None if you don't want
# this feature. Overridden by command line option "-s" / "--stub-track".
USE_STUB_TRACK = u'00 Stub Track'
# Number of playlists processed between basic processing reports. (Use "-q"
# / "--quiet" option to inhibit these reports.)
# Character to commonly use between song-name path elements. Ommitted when
# the MAGIC_LEADING_DELIMITER, which see, is at the front of a path element.
# = False - create/sync m3u playlist files to target folder
# = True - skip creating m3u playlist files, eg if you're using Google
# Music to sync your playlists, and use this script just to keep a
# fallback stash of music files.
# = False - use the subject playlist names for the target
# = True - synthesize target playlist names based on subject names,
# transforming leading characters according to MAGIC_LEADING_DELIMITER.
# The names of the subject playlists, themselves, are not altered.
# If not empty and COMPOSE_PLAYLIST_NAMES is True, playlist names
# that start with MAGIC_LEADING_DELIMITER's first character are handled
# specially. Here are the alternatives:
# - Empty string: always prepend PLAIN_SEPARATOR to the playlist name when
# creating the full playlist folder path name.
# - One character: when a playlist name's leading character matches
# MAGIC_LEADING_DELIMITER's first (and, in this case, only) character,
# then that character is removed from the playlist name when constructing
# the playlist folder path name, and no additional delimiter is prepended.
# (Thus the playlist name's second character serves as the delimiter.)
# - Two or more characters: like the one-character case, but the
# MAGIC_LEADING_DELIMITER's second character is prepended to matching
# playlist names, to serve as the delimiter when constructing the playlist
# folder path name.
# Lexical precedence in Google Music player: _-,.+=[A-Za-z]
# Lexical precedence in old android Music player: +,-.[A-Za-z]_~
## Value that sorts higher for the old, standard android player:
# Value that sorts higher for the new google-music player ("_," works, too):
## Value that uses characters after the leading magic char, on the playlist
## names, themselves:
# When True, marginal blather() activity messages will be emitted. Can be
# set using the --verbose command line option, and is overridden by QUIET.
# Inhibit all blather() informational messages, even when VERBOSE is set.
# Error messages are still emitted via whoops().
QUIET = False
# Inhibit actually changing any state/filesystem/etc if True. Progress
# report lines will be prefixed with '# '.
DRYRUN = False
 # ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Customization above ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ #
 # vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv Operational config below vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv #
 # (and/or some obscure customization options - caveat emptor) #
# These things can be changed, but you less likely need to, and can more easily
# break things than the common user customizations, above.
# Sequences of extensiosn of filename to be removed from the target
# directory hierarchy if the files have no corresponding playlist or
# playlist track. Other files will be left alone, but directories left
# empty after tracked file deletions will be removed.
# The first PLAYLIST_EXTENSIONS entry will be appended after a '.' to the
# playlist names as part of forming the playlist filename.
PLAYLIST_EXTENSIONS = ('m3u', 'M3u', 'M3U')
TRACK_EXTENSIONS = ('mp3', 'MP3','m4p', 'M4P','m4a', 'M4A')
# Adjust this regular expression to specify characters to to be replaced in
# playlist names for their filesystem file name. (By default we specify the
# negation of the set of allowed characters.) The elided characters are
# replaced by the value of SUBSTITUTION_CHARACTER.
PLAYLIST_FILE_NAMES_REGEXP = '[^- _A-Za-z0-9:%,.'~!@^=*+%()]'
# Used for the mathematical fingerprint (python hash) of track files used
# to detect non-size-changing track audio and metadata edits.
# The logarithmic base for biasing the play density so continued plays as a
# track ages have more importance, or conversely, so the earlier rush to
# play a new track doesn't obscure the staying power of older favorites.
# The tuning of this setting is by feel, but in my (very slight) exploration
# doesn't seem to make a lot of difference except maybe in the low "play
# densities" (see Track.get_play_density()).
 # ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Operational config above ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ #
import appscript
import sys, os, time, shutil, re, optparse, datetime, math
re_playlist_file_names = re.compile(PLAYLIST_FILE_NAMES_REGEXP)
# SingletonByLabelAndClass belongs in a separate module, but by including it
# here we can deliver this application as a single script, so for now:
class SingletonByLabelAndClass(object):
 """Inherit for classes that have distinctly labelled unique instances.
 The distinguishing label is taken from a keyword argument named 'label'.
 >>> class DistinctService(SingletonByLabelAndClass):
 ... counter = 0
 ... def __init__(self, label='default'):
 ... self.counter += 1
 >>> first = DistinctService(label='first')
 >>> first_too = DistinctService(label='first')
 >>> second = DistinctService(label='second')
 >>> first.counter == first_too.counter
 >>> first.counter!= second.counter
 >>> id(first) == id(first_too)
 >>> id(first)!= id(second)
 >>> class DifferentDistinctService(SingletonByLabelAndClass):
 ... counter = 0
 ... self.counter -= 1
 >>> other_first = DifferentDistinctService(label='first')
 >>> id(other_first)!= id(first)
 >>> first._SingletonReset()
 __instances = {}
 # avoid classes colliding by using class-name/specified-name combo:
 name = (cls.__name__, kwargs['label'])
 got = cls.__instances.get(name, None)
 if got == None:
 got = cls.__instances[name] = object.__new__(cls)
 return got
 def _SingletonReset(cls):
 """Development-mode - clear the established instances.
 Use for fresh instances during incremental development of
 singleton-based classes."""
 for i in cls.__instances.values():
 del i
 cls.__instances = {}
class Playlist(SingletonByLabelAndClass):
 """Encapsulation of an iTunes playlist object.
 Playlists within the sync subject playlist must be initted with their
 dotted name, reflecting the containment.
 >>> library = Playlist(label='Library')
 >>> subject = Playlist(label=SUBJECT_PLAYLIST)
 label = None
 # Short-circuit redundant visits and accounting distortion after
 # appscript-timeout restarts:
 _already_done = None
 _is_terminal = None
 _pedigree = None
 _contained_tracks = None
 _children_playlists = None
 _playlist_file_string = None
 _playlist_file_name = None
 def __init__(self, label=None, ref=None):
 """Realize playlist for string LABEL, passed in as a keyword argument.
 To disambiguate playlists with the same terminal names, LABEL must be
 the dotted playlist containment path from the subject playlist.
 REF is for internal use on contained playlists, to disambiguate."""
 if self.label is not None:
 # we're a singleton that's already been initted.
 self.label = label
 self._mgr = mgr = PlaylistSyncManager(label=SUBJECT_PLAYLIST)
 if not ref:
 ref = mgr.get_playlist_refs(label)
 if not ref:
 raise ValueError, ("No playlists labelled '%s' found" % label)
 elif type(ref) == appscript.reference.Reference:
 self._ref = ref
 if len(ref) > 1:
 raise ValueError, ("%s ambiguous - mutiple found" % label)
 self._ref = ref[0]
 def __repr__(self):
 return "<%s.%s instance '%s'>" % (self.__module__,
 def is_terminal_playlist(self):
 if self._is_terminal is None:
 self._is_terminal = (self._ref.special_kind.get()
 == appscript.k.none)
 return self._is_terminal
 def sync_to_directory(self, target_dir_path):
 """Sync our playlist constituents to TARGET_DIRECTORY_PATH.
 A playlist file will not be created for this encompassing playlist,
 itself, but will be created for its constituents."""
 # Employ helpers, including._sync_to_directory(), to do actual work.
 fldr_mgr = PlayfolderManager(label=target_dir_path)
 self._sync_to_directory(fldr_mgr, save_playlist=False)
 def _sync_to


All rights reserved
615 x 620 Download
Khatt Chronicles podcast features remarkable designers, illustrators and researchers from the Arab World. We host engaging conversations about their practice, vision, and aspirations.
In line with the Khatt foundation projects, the Khatt Chronicles podcast features design initiatives and developments from around the world, focusing on new developments in Arabic typography and design. Khatt Chronicles podcasts are addressed to the younger generation as an alternative medium.
They aim to fulfill three primary objectives:
1. Promote designers in the Arab World to the region and the rest of the world.
2. Continue the mission of Khatt foundation as a network between designers by supporting, fostering and exploring new ideas.
3. Present these podcasts for inspiration and educational reasons.
4. Identify and highlight designers from the Arab World that have made meaningful contributions in their fields or have demonstrated excellence in design.
Through storytelling, the Khatt Chronicles podcast presents a more personal access to the featured designers, and allows listeners to learn about how they think, and what makes them tick.


text:
I want to show a multi-overlap using a button but the overlap does not appear.
Check the following points:
- Multi-overlap (icon) is not place on the screen.
- Multi-overlap setting (icon) is not correct.
- Macro commands are not correct.
- To show multi-overlap using PLC command, please click here.
- To show multi-overlap using macro command, please click here.
- Go to [Home] or [Parts] > [Multi-overlap] and place a multi-overlap icon.
This icon still works when you place it outside editing area of the screen.
- Double-click the multi-overlap icon and check the overlap ID setting in the [Operation Select] dialog box.
Double-click a switch and set the same ID number as the ID checked in the multi-overlap icon.
- Double-click the multi-overlap icon and select [Multi] from [Overlap Setting] and [Switch] from [Display Method].
- Double-click a switch and set the [Function] to [Overlap Control], check [Set Display No.] option box, and enter the overlap library number you wish to call.
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Please cooperate with the questionnaire to make it better.


text:
UNDATED (WSAU) Wisconsin has almost 50,000 Hmong residents, the third-largest population in the country behind Minnesota and California. That's according to a review of 2010 Census figures by the Hmong Studies Journal of Saint Paul.
Wisconsin was among the first places where refugees started settling in the late 1970's, after many served side-by-side with U-S forces in Vietnam. Today the Wisconsin Hmong has its greatest numbers in Wausau, Eau Claire, La Crosse, Appleton, Green Bay, Sheboygan, Madison, and Milwaukee.
Nationally, there were over 260,000 Hmong-Americans in 2010 – and over half are now American-born. Mark Pfeifer, the editor of the Hmong Studies Journal, says Hmong residents have made considerable advancements over the last 30 years in their educational, social, and economic plight. But they still face unique challenges which include poverty. The national Hmong poverty rate in 2010 was 25-percent, compared to 11-percent for Americans as a whole.


PatriotSwitch (community library)
Name Value
Name PatriotSwitch
Version 5.1.0
Installs 777
License BSD
Author Ron Lisle
Download.tar.gz
All Versions 5.1.0, 5.0.0, 2.0.0, 1.0.1, 1.0.0
Extend Patriot IoT to support switches. Patriot provides support for controlling IoT devices using Alexa and iOS devices. This plugin adds the ability to add switches to control those devices wirelessly also.
Example Build Testing
Device OS Version:
Library Read Me
A Patriot plugin to support input switch devices.
This library is used to support input switch devices. Any Photon I/O pin may be used to provide on/off status.
Include this library in any Photon sketch that needs to support a Switch. Refer to the more complex examples in the main Patriot IoT examples directory.
This example creates a single switch device connected to pin D4. The internal pull-up resistor is used, so the switch needs only ground the pin to change its state. For experimenting, you can use a jumper wire to ground.
When the state of the input D4 pin changes, an event named "switch" will be published. Other device can define a behavior that uses this event.
You can use the console to monitor these events.
_TAG_
_TAG_
IoT *iot;
void setup() {
iot = IoT::getInstance();
Switch *switch1 = new Switch(D4, "Switch");
void loop() {
Refer to the Patriot Github repository and documentation for more information.
Here's how you can make changes to this library and eventually contribute those changes back.
To get started, clone the library from GitHub to your local machine.
Change the name of the library in to something different. You can add your name at then end.
Modify the sources in and with the new behavior.
To compile an example, use particle compile examples/usage command in Particle CLI or use our Desktop IDE.
After your changes are done you can upload them with particle library upload or Upload command in the IDE. This will create a private (only visible by you) library that you can use in other projects. Do particle library add IoT_myname to add the library to a project on your machine or add the IoT_myname library to a project on the Web IDE or Desktop IDE.
At this point, you can create a GitHub pull request with your changes to the original library.
If you wish to make your library public, use particle library publish or Publish command.
Copyright 2017 Ron Lisle
Refer to the included LICENSE file.
Browse Library Files


text:
John Sholto Douglas Queensberry, 8th marquess of
Queensberry, John Sholto Douglas, 8th marquess of, 1844–1900, British nobleman, originator of the code of rules that governs modern boxing. He served in the British army and navy and later was a member of (1872–80) the House of Lords as representative peer from Scotland. He is famous for drafting (1865), with the aid of John G. Chambers, the Queensberry rules for the sport of boxing. This code of rules, superseding the London prize-ring rules that had been introduced (1743) by Jack Broughton, contained the basic provisions that govern boxing today. The rules were gradually adopted in both Britain and the United States and by 1889 they were standardized. In 1895, objecting to the liaison between his son, Lord Alfred Douglas, and Oscar Wilde, Queensberry left an insulting letter to Wilde in a public place and was sued for libel by the writer. In this libel suit, which Wilde dropped, information was brought to light that led to the conviction of Wilde for immoral conduct.
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
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