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If you visit the Royal Botanic Garden in Sydney, take a few minutes to look for a small bridge over a stream near the Wollemi Pine, 'Australia's homegrown Christmas tree', close to the information booth.
This is Macquarie Culvert.
The two brick arches were built as part of the construction of Mrs Macquarie's Road, which Nicholas Delaney and his gang finished on her birthday in June 1816. They had a double purpose: a drain for the creek's water, and a bridge.
Built from sandstock brick, the culvert is both typical of early 19th-century drain construction and historically significant, the historian Anna Wong says. But at the end of the 20th century it was in a state of disrepair, with most of the mortar gone and a rare giant fern's roots threatening to damage it further.
And the original road was covered with two centuries' worth of sediment. "It is one of the oldest-known sections of road in Sydney, but its existence surprised archaeologists and heritage architects from the Department of Public Works and Services when they began to dig," says the Sydney Morning Herald.
A joint team from the department and the RBG set out to conserve and restore Macquarie Culvert and the surface of the road Nicholas and his men laid nearly 200 years ago. Then the road was re-covered to preserve it for the future.
Of course, it's exciting for me as a descendant of Nicholas Delaney to know that his brick bridge still exists and has been restored, but how important is it as part of Australian history?
As Anna Wong points out, "The age and material used within its historical context makes it a significant item. Other culverts and bridges were built during the early nineteenth century, but most have collapsed or were dismantled due to poor construction and inadequate knowledge.
"This brick culvert appears to be the only brick example from this period."
So – did Nicholas build the oldest bridge in Australia?
But Macquarie Culvert beats them both. True, it's not so big or so well-known, but at a date of 1816 at the very latest, it is certainly the oldest surviving bridge in Australia.
Not a bad achievement for an illiterate peasant and transported convict.
When we were writing our book, A Rebel Hand: Nicholas Delaney of 1798, the reconstruction was still to take place and several of Nicholas's descendants were lobbying for the preservation of the stretches of his original road that still existed. It exciting to think that this part is safe for at least the next 100 years, according to the Public Works and Services department.
"The best thing is that the culvert is not high and dry in a museum," the Gardens' acting curator, Ian Innes, said at the time. "This is still working as a culvert."
I haven't got a picture of Macquarie Culvert to show you, unfortunately. A few weeks ago I emailed the Royal Botanic Gardens to ask if they would let me use one of their photos but I haven't heard back from them and I haven't found one under Creative Commons on the net.
I found useful information about early nineteenth-century drains in Anna Wong's paper in Australasian Historical Archaeology, 17, 1999 and about the restoration of Macquarie Culvert in James Woodford's article in the Sydney Morning Herald of June 24, 2002.
The AHA article also has an old photo of Macquarie Culvert before restoration. As I can't give a hyperlink to it (it's a PDF) here's a screenshot. You can find the article on Google.


Web 2.0 and social media has transformed users from passive audiences to active participants in new production and distribution. The change is particularly prominent in a few digital news portals that encourage users to register as news reporters. While the juxtaposition of users-generated news (UGN) and organization-generated news (OGN) has significantly affected news industry, scientific understanding of this phenomenon remains scant. To fill the research gap, this paper proposes an integrated model to investigate the difference between UGN and OGN in their linguistic feature and temporal pattern, and examine their subsequent effect on circulation performance. The research model will be tested with 450,514 news crawled from Jinritoutiao.com, a popular online news portal in China which embraces both UGN and OGN on its platform. This paper is expected to contribute to literature by revealing the strategic behavior of UGN in pursuit for circulation performance.


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Addiction treatment in Chester County, Pennsylvania | Do I have An Addictive Personality?
Drug and alcohol addictions are extremely complicated and complex. Everyone has their own experiences and reasons behind why they use alcohol and drugs. However, research suggests that there are certain personality traits that are associated with developing an addiction. Specialists call that term an "addictive personality." This belief pertains to people who have a set of tendencies that can lead to substance abuse. Keep reading to learn which personality traits can lead to addiction, so that you can get the proper addiction treatment in Chester County.
9 Personality Traits that Can Lead to Addiction
1. Impulsivity: Spontaneous or erratic behavior with little thought of the outcomes or consequences.
2. Negativity: A set of unpleasant emotions, such as anger or sadness.
3. Thrill Seeking: Frequent search for risky situations to satisfy the need for new experiences.
4. Neuroticism: Responds to challenges or threats with negative emotions, such as sadness, anxiety, anger, or irritability.
5. Erratic: Problems with managing stress or problem solving in a healthy way.
6. Disagreeableness: People who are disagreeable are also more likely to be uncooperative, unfriendly, and selfish.
7. Aggression: Hostility and violent behavior towards others.
8. Narcissism: An inflated sense of self-importance.
9. Obsessive: A strong focus on something that can interfere with your life and daily routine.
Receive Addiction Treatment in Chester County, Pennsylvania Today
Not everyone who has an addictive personality will develop a substance abuse problem. But, if you do, there is help available. Here at Pennsylvania Recovery Center, we can provide you with the best addiction treatment in Chester County. Our team is dedicated to providing every patient with an individualized treatment experience that fits their exact needs. Contact us today.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Logo of Phnom Penh Post newspaper Phnom Penh Post - Administrative Officer
Administrative Officer
Cambodia Climate Change Alliance - Phase 3
The Cambodia Climate Change Alliance (CCCA)-Phase 3 is a multi-donor initiative funded by EU, Sweden, and UNDP with a comprehensive and innovative approach to address climate change in Cambodia. The overall objective is to strengthen national systems and capacities to support the coordination and implementation of Cambodia's climate change response, contributing to a greener, low carbon, climate-resilient, equitable, sustainable and knowledge-based society. The specific objective is to contribute to the implementation of the Cambodia Climate Change Strategic Plan 2014-2023.
Job Title:
Contract Type:
Administrative Officer
Contract Staff
One year with possibility of extension
Please visit ុ_URL_ or contact the Department of Climate Change for detailed TORs.
To apply, please send a cover letter and a curriculum vitae including names of three referees to the following address:
The Department of Climate Change (DCC), the General Secretariat of the National Council for Sustainable Development (GSSD), c/o Ministry of Environment (MoE)
MorodokTecho Building, Lot 503, Tonle Bassac, Chamkarmon, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Tel: _PHONE_/089 887 884
E-mail: [email protected] / Website: _URL_
Closing date: 22 January 2021 (17:00)


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Where To Go
Featured posts display first in feed blocks and at the top of the feed in classes and groups for the duration that is scheduled as featured. After this time period, the post will return to its chronological order in the feed. You may also hide this post from the feed when outside the featured dates.
To add a schedule a post to appear and disappear from your class Feed, you will log in to your site and click on the class tile. Click Feed.
You can also add a post from within the Manage Public Pages > Feed area.
What To Do
- Click in the text field and enter a Title for your post.
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- If you wish to hide the post after the a specified date, select Hide this post when outside the featured dates.
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Wing For Business: How Wing Can Help Organize Your Business
In our previous post, 'How Wing Can Help Supply Your Business', we went over how Wing can save companies' valuable time. For example, tasks such as offloading sourcing office supplies, company swag, and food. Ultimately, this allows businesses to focus on their core operations because the jobs listed above are handed off to the AI virtual assistant – Wing. But, is there anything else Wing for Business can do? For example, maybe it could help perform research or help organize your business.
Organizing job applicants/candidates
Onboarding New Hires
Organizing lead generation in a spreadsheet
Beyond simple logistic tasks, Wing can also assist with sales functions. For instance, the beginning of the sales process usually involves hunting for potential customers. Also, you must organize these leads in a way that is easy to peruse and analyze.
Compiling Verification Letters
Lastly, you might run into a bureaucratic task that is low-impact, high priority. This means it brings no added value to your company whatsoever, yet it still necessary to do. For example, employees may have to verify their employment to third parties. This happens for all sorts of reasons, from visas to healthcare problems to signing a loan.
When that happens, you can offload this task to Wing.
Like the problem solved in 'How Wing Can Help Supply Your Business', offloading bureaucratic, and organizational tasks to Wing frees up time for businesses to focus on their core operations. Additionally, sometimes Wing can even help, such as with generating sales leads and entering them into a spreadsheet.
Recommended Articles


Controlled updates
By default, computers get the latest Sophos product updates automatically. If you prefer, you can control how your computers update.
For example, you can stop updates on all computers during a busy period, or test updates on selected computers before they are rolled out to the rest of the network.
Restriction You can control updates on Windows and Linux devices, but not Macs.
To control updates, go to Settings > Controlled Updates.
You have these options.
 - Pause Updates Now
 - Pause Updates on a Set Date
 - Control Updates Manually
If updates are already controlled, you see a list of computers whose updates are controlled instead of these options.
Note Computers still get automatic security updates to protect them against the latest threats.
You can go back to automatic updating at any time.


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The history of paper currency in the Seychelles date back to the period of the French colonization with the most common form of currency being metal coins. When the Seychelles became a formal British Colony in 1814; these were replaced by currencies from Mauritius. The Seychelles also made use of other foreign currencies like the Indian notes and coins, until the Seychelles rupee was firmly established.
Not withstanding the limited scope of historical records, this publication aims at providing an insight into the development of paper currencies in the Seychelles from the period of French and British colonization to present day. Divided into sections pertaining to marked periods and events in the life of the Seychelles 'currency, this publication provides colorful illustrations of the different forms of paper currencies used over the years. In addition the closing section gives an interesting description of all the flora and fauna appearing on the most recent paper currencies of the islands.
Please visit us to view our flags collection during these opening times.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Developer Evangelist
What Does Developer Evangelist Mean?
A developer evangelist is a specific role within a company's engineering team that is focused on bridging internal and external communications. The developer evangelist typically maintains a presence as an "ambassador" for the company, interacting with the outside world through social media and in person.
A developer evangelist is also known as a technology evangelist, technical evangelist or technology advocate.
Techopedia Explains Developer Evangelist
A developer evangelist is typically a skilled developer, but does not actually spend most of his or her time writing code. Instead, the developer evangelist is essentially going out into the community to spread the news about what his or her company is doing, build relationships, and participate in a kind of "developer ecosystem." Part of this job would often entail communicating with both corporate developers, and those working on open-source technologies who are unconnected to a proprietary license product and brand.
The developer evangelist job is heavy on communications. In posting a job opening for this particular role, a Microsoft post defines the developer evangelist's mission as "to secure platform adoption and revenue growth through evangelism, community engagement, relationship marketing and a vibrant solutions ecosystem."
Experts point out that developer evangelists need both technical and communication skills, a passion for technology, and ways to articulate technical concepts to diverse audiences.
Technology Evangelist, Technical Evangelist, Technology Advocate
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Streaming Videos
Students can access lessons through IRIS education telecourse streaming video services. This organization provides another option for viewing your Telecourse lessons. IRIS is a private organization which is NOT a part of City College of San Francisco.
To view the lessons, students must use a computer connected to the internet and pay a one time $35 fee. To make a purchase, you must have a valid Visa or MasterCard account. The following is the IRIS website:
The following are Requirements for Viewing Digital Delivery Products
 1. Upon purchase, links to your "purchased" videos are emailed to you and are also available from the "My Videos" link, these are visible only when you are logged in
 2. A Pentium class, or equivalent, computer with speakers.
 3. A broadband internet connection, such as DSL or cable
 4. Video streaming will not work with dial-up modems or America Online
 5. Windows Media Player 9.0 or higher
 6. An Internet browser installed on your computer - Internet Explorer 6 (or higher) or Firefox 2.0 (or higher)


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Moment distribution method
The moment distribution method (not to be confused with moment redistribution) is a structural analysis method for statically indeterminate beams and frames developed by Hardy Cross. It was published in 1930 in an ASCE journal. The method only accounts for flexural effects and ignores axial and shear effects. From the 1930s until computers began to be widely used in the design and analysis of structures, the moment distribution method was the most widely practiced method.
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Implementation
- 3 Example
- 4 See also
- 5 Notes
- 6 References
- 7 External links
In the moment distribution method, every joint of the structure to be analysed is fixed so as to develop the fixed-end moments. Then each fixed joint is sequentially released and the fixed-end moments (which by the time of release are not in equilibrium) are distributed to adjacent members until equilibrium is achieved. The moment distribution method in mathematical terms can be demonstrated as the process of solving a set of simultaneous equations by means of iteration.
The moment distribution method falls into the category of displacement method of structural analysis.
In order to apply the moment distribution method to analyse a structure, the following things must be considered.
Fixed end moments
Fixed end moments are the moments produced at member ends by external loads when the joints are fixed.
The flexural stiffness (EI/L) of a member is represented as the product of the modulus of elasticity (E) and the second moment of area (I) divided by the length (L) of the member. What is needed in the moment distribution method is not the exact value but the ratio of flexural stiffness of all members.
When a joint is released and begins to rotate under the unbalanced moment, resisting forces develop at each member framed together at the joint. Although the total resistance is equal to the unbalanced moment, the magnitudes of resisting forces developed at each member differ by the members' flexural stiffness. Distribution factors can be defined as the proportions of the unbalanced moments carried by each of the members. In mathematical terms, distribution factor of member framed at joint is given as:
where n is the number of members framed at the joint.
When a joint is released, balancing moment occurs to counterbalance the unbalanced moment which is initially the same as the fixed-end moment. This balancing moment is then carried over to the member's other end. The ratio of the carried-over moment at the other end to the fixed-end moment of the initial end is the carryover factor.
Determination of carryover factors
Let one end (end A) of a fixed beam be released and applied a moment while the other end (end B) remains fixed. This will cause end A to rotate through an angle. Once the magnitude of developed at end B is found, the carryover factor of this member is given as the ratio of over :
In case of a beam of length L with constant cross-section whose flexural rigidity is,
therefore the carryover factor
Once a sign convention has been chosen, it has to be maintained for the whole structure. The traditional engineer's sign convention is not used in the calculations of the moment distribution method although the results can be expressed in the conventional way. In the BMD case, the left side moment is clockwise direction and other is anticlockwise direction so the bending is positive and is called sagging.
Framed structures with or without sidesway can be analysed using the moment distribution method.
The statically indeterminate beam shown in the figure is to be analysed.
- Members AB, BC, CD have the same span.
- Flexural rigidities are EI, 2EI, EI respectively.
- Concentrated load of magnitude acts at a distance from the support A.
- Uniform load of intensity acts on BC.
- Member CD is loaded at its midspan with a concentrated load of magnitude.
In the following calculations, counterclockwise moments are positive.
Fixed end moments
Flexural stiffness and distribution factors
The flexural stiffness of members AB, BC and CD are, and, respectively. Therefore, expressing the results in repeating decimal notation:
The distribution factors of joints A and D are and.
The carryover factors are, except for the carryover factor from D (fixed support) to C which is zero.
Numbersare balanced moments; arrows ( ) represent the carry-over of moment from one end to the other end of a member.* Step 1: As joint A is released, balancing moment of magnitude equal to the fixed end moment develops and is carried-over from joint A to joint B.* Step 2: The unbalanced moment at joint B now is the summation of the fixed end moments, and the carry-over moment from joint A. This unbalanced moment is distributed to members BA and BC in accordance with the distribution factors and. Step 2 ends with carry-over of balanced moment to joint C. Joint A is a roller support which has no rotational restraint, so moment carryover from joint B to joint A is zero.* Step 3: The unbalanced moment at joint C now is the summation of the fixed end moments, and the carryover moment from joint B. As in the previous step, this unbalanced moment is distributed to each member and then carried over to joint D and back to joint B. Joint D is a fixed support and carried-over moments to this joint will not be distributed nor be carried over to joint C.* Step 4: Joint B still has balanced moment which was carried over from joint C in step 3. Joint B is released once again to induce moment distribution and to achieve equilibrium.* Steps 5 - 10: Joints are released and fixed again until every joint has unbalanced moments of size zero or neglectably small in required precision. Arithmetically summing all moments in each respective columns gives the final moment values.
- Moments at joints determined by the moment distribution method
- The conventional engineer's sign convention is used here, i.e. positive moments cause elongation at the bottom part of a beam member.
For comparison purposes, the following are the results generated using a matrix method. Note that in the analysis above, the iterative process was carried to >0.01 precision. The fact that the matrix analysis results and the moment distribution analysis results match to 0.001 precision is mere coincidence.
- Moments at joints determined by the matrix method
The complete shear and bending moment diagrams are as shown. Note that the moment distribution method only determines the moments at the joints. Developing complete bending moment diagrams require additional calculations using the determined joint moments and internal section equilibrium.
- SFD and BMD
Result via displacements method
As the Hardy Cross method provides only approximate results, with a margin of error inversely proportionate to the number of iterations, it is important to have an idea of how accurate this method might be. With this in mind, here is the result obtained by using an exact method: the displacement method
For this, the displacements method equation assumes the following form:
For the structure described in this example, the stiffness matrix is as follows:
The equivalent nodal force vector:
Replacing the values presented above in the equation and solving it for leads to the following result:
Hence, the moments evaluated in node B are as follows:
The moments evaluated in node C are as follows:
- Cross, Hardy (1930). "Analysis of Continuous Frames by Distributing Fixed-End Moments". Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). pp. 919–928.
- Błaszkowiak, Stanisław; Zbigniew Kączkowski (1966). Iterative Methods in Structural Analysis. Pergamon Press, Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.
- Norris, Charles Head; John Benson Wilbur; Senol Utku (1976). Elementary Structural Analysis (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill. pp. 327–345. ISBN 0-07-047256-4.
- McCormac, Jack C.; James K. Nelson, Jr. (1997). Structural Analysis: A Classical and Matrix Approach (2nd ed.). Addison-Wesley. pp. 488–538. ISBN 0-673-99753-7. Cite uses deprecated parameter
- Yang, Chang-hyeon (2001-01-10). Structural Analysis (in Korean) (4th ed.). Seoul: Cheong Moon Gak Publishers. pp. 391–422. ISBN 89-7088-709-1.
- Volokh, K.Y. (2002). On foundations of the Hardy Cross method. International Journal of Solids and Structures,Volume 39, Issue 16, August 2002, Pages 4197-4200. doi:10.1016/S0020-7683(02)00345-1.


Introduction to Designing Repeat Patterns in Illustrator | Elizabeth Olwen | Skillshare
Introduction to Designing Repeat Patterns in Illustrator
Elizabeth Olwen, Surface Pattern Designer
Introduction to Designing Repeat Patterns in Illustrator
Elizabeth Olwen, Surface Pattern Designer
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11 Lessons (52m)
 - 1. Preview
 - 2. Introduction
 - 3. Collect Inspiration
 - 4. Draw and Digitize
 - 5. Design the Pattern Block: Center
 - 6. Design the Pattern Block: Edges
 - 7. Design the Pattern Block: Color
 - 8. Color the Pattern
 - 9. Prepare Final Files
 - 10. Final Touches
 - 11. Explore Design on Skillshare
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About This Class
Want to design a repeat pattern? Join thousands of successful Skillshare students who have learned how to create a seamless repeat pattern illustration with popular surface designer Elizabeth Olwen!
This 50-minute class is broken out into inviting, step-by-step lessons that clearly explain how to transform visual inspiration into a seamless repeat pattern design for use in countless projects. You'll learn how to:
 - Collect theme and motif inspiration
 - Hand-draw and digitize your imagery
 - Design your core pattern block
 - Transform your pattern block into a seamless repeat
 - Add final touches like color and effects
While a basic understanding of Adobe Illustrator is useful, the instructions are clear enough that many students have jumped straight in! Plus, the class includes a number of resources, links, and downloads to support you as you create your own pattern.
This a perfect introductory class for every designer, illustrator, and crafter looking to expand their skills into pattern design. Once you have your pattern, consider using it as digital desktop wallpaper, the base for an iPhone case or printed fabric, or even as inspiration for stationery. The possibilities are endless!
What You'll Learn
 - Introduction. Growing up in a home decked out in 1970s patterns, Elizabeth Olwen learned not to take for granted the surface design that most fail to notice day to day. In her digital art tutorial, you'll first learn what comprises a pattern "collection," starting with the "hero pattern" and then looking at some "secondary" and "blender" prints.
 - Collect inspiration. You'll see what Elizabeth looks to for inspiration. She'll teach you that you can use a variety of materials and media to create a collection of references, and she'll show you how to organize it.
 - Draw and digitize. You'll turn a hand drawing into a digital drawing in this part of the lesson. Following Elizabeth's lead, you'll pick out doodles to include in your pattern, draw them using the brush tool on your iPad, and then import those drawings into Adobe Illustrator.
 - Design the pattern block: center. Elizabeth will take you through some of her own patterns to show you principles like balance, flow, composition, scale, texture, and variety. You'll then apply those principles to your own pattern block in Illustrator, focusing on the center of the block and moving outward.
 - Design the pattern block: edges. There's just one rule when designing the edges of your pattern block. Whatever's on the top has to repeat on the bottom, and whatever's on the left side has to appear on the right. You'll learn how to make this happen in your pattern using Illustrator shortcuts.
 - Design the pattern block: color. When it come to pattern blocks, you don't want to be able to see where one block ends and the other begins once you've put multiple blocks together. In this lesson, you'll learn how to avoid seeing the block in your finished pattern using some expert-level tricks.
 - Color the pattern. While Elizabeth has a signature color palette she tends to use, you might want to explore a variety of colors for your 2D design. You'll learn some techniques for finding color groupings that work together and what it means to pair colors that "vibrate." You'll also learn how to select all of the elements that share the same color in your Illustrator layout.
 - Prepare the final files. You'll learn to prepare your files in such a way that makes them easily usable for yourself and clients. You'll find out how to create merged layers to flatten your work and turn it from strokes into shapes. Using masks, you'll turn your pattern block into an original layer, a merged layer, and a repeat layer, as having all three makes your design easier for potential clients to work with. Next, you'll have to decide where your pattern will go. This may involve creating mockups of your print on certain items, which Elizabeth will suggest you can make using stock images.
 - Final touches. It's almost time to get your drawing online! First, you'll learn to supplement the pattern you've made with a whole collection of corresponding prints, focusing on "blended" prints that serve as glue for separate patterns in your collection.
Want more help with Adobe Illustrator? Check out Brad Woodard's Learn the Ins and Outs of Illustrator!
Want to develop your pattern even further? Check out more classes by Elizabeth Olwen!
Meet Your Teacher
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Elizabeth Olwen
Surface Pattern Designer
Elizabeth Olwen is a Canadian print and pattern designer living in Portugal. She prides herself on creating highly considered patterns and illustrations that are lovingly assembled, piece by piece, into something special. Inspired by the world around her—from the beautiful forests of Ontario, to the pastel colours and tiles of Lisbon, to her cherished and plentiful travels abroad, and her own journey of self exploration toward wholeheartedness—Elizabeth's work is driven by the desire to leave something beautiful behind with every step she takes. You can find her work around the globe, on products from decor to paper to fabric to bedding for clients like Cloud9 Fabrics, Crate + Kids, Tokyu Hands Japan, Mixbook and many more. Follow along with her on Instagram.
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1. Preview: Hi I'm Elizabeth Olwen. I'm from Toronto Canada and I'm a surface pattern designer which basically means I create patterns for a living. I grew up in an apartment that was filled with patterns from the 1970s so everything was just like big bold print, and I had a real imprint on me growing up. So, I'm just super passionate about patterns I have been since as long as I can remember. In my Skillshare class, I'm going to teach you my design process from start to finish so we're going to start out with gathering inspiration, developing a mood board, drying and ultimately designing a repeat pattern in Illustrator. At the end of the class, you're going to end up with a pattern that you can use for any kind of product whether it's for yourself or professionally. You can send it out and get some tech cases printed or fabric or wallpaper and just see how that pattern can come to life in different formats. I'm really passionate about patterns, and I think they're kind of what make our world a more beautiful place. 2. Introduction: I'm from Toronto Canada and I'm a surface pattern designer, which basically means that I create pretty patterns for a living. So, I'm really passionate about patterns, so I'm really excited to have you here, so I can show you all how I do it. So, a bit about me before we move into the course content. I grew up in an apartment that was decorated in the '70s. So, there was all sorts of wild graphic prints around, it's like I have vivid memories of the orange floral drapes in my mom's kitchen, which matched our orange formica table, and all we had crazy tiles everywhere and it was just like a pattern filled world. At the time though, like in growing up I didn't even know you could do patterns for a living. I didn't know what a surface pattern design was. So, I went to school for Graphic Design, and then I worked in advertising and in design studios for over 10 years, and it was great, but it just felt like something was really missing. One thing I noticed is that I always loved integrating pattern into my graphic design work. So, I ended up taking a creative sabbatical and went to Berlin for three months, and the whole idea was that I would just get up every day and work on something creative, and figure out like is there something else that I might want to do with my life? So, I would get up every day in very little time, it just kind of I found myself getting up and working on patterns all the time. So, after three months, I came home with a big huge portfolio of


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Prince of Wales Hotel National Historic Site
The Prince of Wales Hotel National Historic Site © Parks Canada
Built in 1926-27 during one of Waterton's windiest and snowiest winters, the Prince of Wales Hotel is the park's most recognized landmark.
During its construction the extreme weather conditions and poor access created many problems for contractors Douglas Oland and James Scott, from Cardston, Alberta.
On December 10, 1926 hurricane-force winds (estimated at 145 km/hr) blew each of the hotel's wings about 7.5 cm off their foundation. The men managed to winch the sections back in line. Three months later winds reached speeds of over 129 km/hr, again pushing the building off its foundation. This time Oland feared structural damage if they tried to pull back the now fully-framed building so he decided to leave it slightly out of plumb.
The hotel is named after Edward, Prince of Wales who later became King Edward VIII, and, like its namesake, it has a colourful history. If its Douglas fir pillars could talk they would tell you a tale of American imagination and money, built with Canadian grit and patience.
A Railway Hotel
Today many people recognize the Prince of Wales as a railway hotel, but few realize it was built by the Great Northern of United States and not the Canadian Pacific.
The last in a chain of 1920s luxury hotels, backcountry chalets and tent camps, the Prince of Wales offered a final stop for affluent visitors travelling Glacier National Park's backcountry by horseback.
For just over $1,000 you could ride the train to either East or West Glacier and then enjoy a week's adventure in the wilderness via several routes created by the Great Northern. After 1927, many folks chose to go to Goat Haunt's backcountry ranger station and hop aboard the M.V. International to come to Waterton. After a stay at the Prince of Wales hotel, guests were bussed back to Montana to catch their train home.
The Second World War and the 1930s depression put an end to this mode of travel through Glacier and into Waterton but many of the hotels and two of the chalets remain.
A National Historic Site
In February 1993 the Historic Sites and Monuments Board approved the Prince of Wales' designation as a National Historic Site, recognizing its architectural style (rustic design tradition, with peaked roofs, gables, balconies and timber-frame interior that give it an appearance of a giant alpine chalet) and its contribution to tourism in the mountains. On July 23, 1995 a commemorative plaque ceremony was held at the hotel.
More information on the Prince of Wales National Historic Site


Cable test equipment
High voltage cable testing
High voltage cable testing
Off shore cable fault finding and diagnosis
Withstand tests may include a DC withstand or hi-pot (though not to be used on XLPE cables); a line frequency AC hi-pota 0.1 Hz AC VLF hi-pot; or a damped AC (DAC), where electrical stresses are created at a frequency ranging from around 50 Hz to several hundred Hertz depending on the test object capacitance.
High voltage testing will also check for local faults. For example, an XLPE cable will tend to turn critical water trees into electrical trees and subsequently cause a failure. Having been subjected to adverse impulses/surges during its service lifetime, testing will be necessary to find and avert imminent in-service failures in the future.
If cable testing highlights a subsequent failure, this indicates that the cable is already in a highly compromised condition. Company staff should be prepared at this stage to make any necessary repairs to the cable at the position indicated by previous tests. After repair, the cable will have a withstand test again until it passes the required voltage of the test.


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NYU's summer school began in 1895, when seven members of the faculty, with the approval of the Chancellor, offered courses in mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, experimental psychology, and the theory and practice of teaching. The faculty members received no additional salary, only the tuition fees collected from students. The University Council officially took control in 1899 and the popularity of the program quickly grew to over 500 students, both men and women, by 1907. The program mostly attracted teachers who were interested in pedagogical courses.
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Some of the things to look for
when walking on Table Mountain
Table Mountain is a floral wonder. In a relatively small area almost 1500 plant species have been recorded. There are more species of plant on this small mountain than in the whole of the British isles!! So it is worth keeping your eyes open on a hike and just looking at the plants around your feet. What adds extra fascination is the difference between both the species of plant and the time of flowering in different areas of the mountain.
Last week I hiked along the 12 Apostels from Llandudno to Kasteelspoort,where we descended. Here are just some of the plants we spotted along the way.


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One of the main difficulties in the formation and increase of revenues from hydrocarbon resources is the deterioration of the quality of the mineral resource base and changes in the geography of production. One can observe an increase in the depletion and water content of the fields, an increase in the proportion of highly viscous and high-sulfur oil; the share of stocks in hard-to-reach and infrastructural underdeveloped regions is growing. One of the tools for encouraging subsoil users to develop such resources is to ensure lower rates of deductions to state bodies. The study presents an improved methodological approach to estimating and forecasting state budget revenues from hydrocarbon resources. The main stages of development are investigated and the main trends of the system of tax deductions from oil production are revealed. Explained the use of an approach focused on the forecast of production indicators of production, taking into account the structure of the mineral resource base. The calculations showed the need to reform the system of formation of government revenues from hydrocarbon resources. In the structure of government revenues from hydrocarbon resources, there is a tendency to increase the role of the mineral extraction tax in comparison with the export duty.
|Journal||IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science|
|Publication status||Published - 20 Nov 2019|
|Event||International Scientific and Research Conference on Knowledge-Based Technologies in Development and Utilization of Mineral Resources 2019, KTDUMR 2019 - Novokuznetsk, Russian Federation|
Duration: 4 Jun 2019 → 7 Jun 2019


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Cloud cover fraction
As additional service to interpret the SO2 vertical column densities,
the web pages that show images of the SO2 data also show an image
of the cloud cover fraction for the same region, taken from the same
instrument. Note that currently there is no cloud screening performed
on the data: all SO2 slant column retrieval results are shown as-is.
The same cloud fraction is also used to determine the air-mass factor (AMF)
when taking the AMF from look-up tables made with a
radiative transfer model in order to compute the SO2 vertical column
density. Note that the AMF and thus the vertical column cannot be calculated
of the cloud cover fraction is missing.
For the daily data at orbit (like the image shown here) and at grid
coordinates the cloud cover fraction is presented in the same way and available in the
accompanying data files. Monthly averages if the cloud fraction are not
made: there is no cloud screening method applied to the SO2 data, so that a
monthly average cloud fraction does not provide any useful additional
The cloud fraction is a number between zero (clear-sky: no clouds) and one
(fully clouded, also known as overcast). For the Volcanic & Air Quality
SO2 Services the cloud data is taken from existing data products:
For SCIAMACHY data, the cloud
fraction is taken from the data files generated by the FRESCO algorithm,
which derives the cloud data from the Oxygen A-band (between 758-775 nm).
See this page at the TEMIS website
for more information and data.
The FRESCO cloud data is either in "normal mode" or in "snow/ice mode". In
the latter case, a cloud fraction of one is assumed with the cloud at ground
level when determining the AMF for the SO2 vertical column. In the
datafiles, however, the cloud fraction in the "snow/ice mode" is set to
'-1', and it is shown in a separate colour in the cloud fraction images
(indicated simply as "snow" in the colour bar).
Note that the FRESCO cloud cover data retrieval stricktly speaking is based
on sunlight reflected by a combination of clouds and (reflecting) aerosols:
such aerosols are effectively treated as clouds. This means that the FRESCO
data product contains a (small) aerosol contribution.
For OMI data, the cloud fraction is taken from the level-2 data product
provided by NASA/NOAA.
The "quality flags" of the ground pixel in that data product gives the
presence of snow or ice. The following situations are taken to represent the
"snow/ice mode": permanent ice, dry snow, and a sea ice concentration of
more than 50% -- all other cases are considered to be "normal mode"
The GOME-2 SO2 data are generated in near-real time at DLR and that data
product contains cloud information based on the OCRA/ROCINN method,
developed at DLR. The maps on the web pages show the cloud cover fraction as
determined by OCRA.


All About SAP BDC | Batch Data Communication
This tutorial will cover the following topics-
 1. Introduction to BDC.
 2. Method of Batch Input.
 3. Batch Data Procedures.
 4. Writing BDC programs.
 5. Creating Batch input Session.
 6. Batch Input Recording.
Lets Begin!
Introduction to Batch input
Batch input is typically used to transfer data from non-R/3 systems to R/3 systems or to transfer data between R/3 systems.
It is a data transfer technique that allows you to transfer datasets automatically to screens belonging to transactions, and thus to an SAP system. Batch input is controlled by a batch input session.
Batch input session
Groups a series of transaction calls together with input data and user actions. A batch input session can be used to execute a dialog transaction in batch input, where some or all the screens are processed by the session. Batch input sessions are stored in the database as database tables and can be used within a program as internal tables when accessing transactions.
Points to note
 - BDI works by carrying out normal SAP transactions just as a user would but it execute the transaction automatically.All the screen validations and business logic validation will be done while using Batch Data Input.
 - It is suitable for entering large amount of data.
 - No manual interaction is required
Methods of Batch Input
SAP provide two basic methods for transferring legacy data in to the R/3 System.
 1. Classical Batch Input method.
 2. Call Transaction Method.
Classical Batch Input method
In this method an ABAP/4 program reads the external data to the SAP System and stores in a batch input session.
After creating the session, you can run the session to execute the SAP transaction in it.
This method uses the function modules BDC_ OPEN, BDC_INSERT and BDC_CLOSE
Batch Input Session can be process in 3 ways
 1. In the foreground
 2. In the background
 3. During processing, with error display
You should process batch input sessions in the foreground or using the error display if you want to test the data transfer.
If you want to execute the data transfer or test its performance, you should process the sessions in the background.
Points to note about Classical Batch Input method
 - Asynchronous processing
 - Transfer data for multiple transactions.
 - Synchronous database update.
 - A batch input process log is generated for each session.
 - Session cannot be generated in parallel.
Call Transaction Method.
In this method ABAP/4 program uses CALL TRANSACTION USING statement to run an SAP transaction.
Entire batch input process takes place online in the program
Points to Note:
 - Faster processing of data
 - Synchronous processing
 - Transfer data for a single transaction.
 - No batch input processing log is generated.
Batch Input Procedures
You will typically observe the following sequence of steps to develop Batch Input for your organization
 1. Analysis of the legacy data. Determine how the data to be transferred is to be mapped in to the SAP Structure. Also take note of necessary data type or data length conversions.
 2. Generate SAP data structures for using in export programs.
 3. Export the data in to a sequential file. Note that character format is required by predefined SAP batch input programs.
 4. If the SAP supplied BDC programs are not used, code your own batch input program. Choose an appropriate batch input method according to the situation.
 5. Process the data and add it to the SAP System.
 6. Analyze the process log. For the CALL TRANSACTION method, where no proper log is created, use the messages collected by your program.
 7. From the results of the process analysis, correct and reprocess the erroneous data.
Writing BDC program
You may observe the following process to write your BDC program
 1. Analyze the transaction(s) to process batch input data.
 2. Decide on the batch input method to use.
 3. Read data from a sequential file
 4. Perform data conversion or error checking.
 5. Storing the data in the batch input structure,BDCDATA.
 6. Generate a batch input session for classical batch input,or process the data directly with CALL TRANSACTION USING statement.
Batch Input Data Structure
Declaration of batch input data structure
DATA : BEGIN OF < bdc table>
OCCURS .
DATA:END OF .
Field name Type Length Description
PROGRAM CHAR 8 Module pool
DYNPRO NUMC 4 Dynpro number
DYNBEGIN CHAR 1 Starting a dynpro
FNAM CHAR 35 Field name
FVAL CHAR 80 Field value
The order of fields within the data for a particular screen is not of any significance
Points to Note
 - While populating the BDC Data make sure that you take into consideration the user settings. This is specially relevant for filling fields which involves numbers ( Like quantity, amount ). It is the user setting which decides on what is the grouping character for numbers E.g.: A number fifty thousand can be written as 50,000.00 or 50.000,00 based on the user setting.
 - Condense the FVAL field for amount and quantity fields so that they are left aligned.
 - Note that all the fields that you are populating through BDC should be treated as character type fields while populating the BDC Data table.
 - In some screens when you are populating values in a table control using BDC you have to note how many number of rows are present on a default size of the screen and code for as many rows. If you have to populate more rows then you have to code for "Page down" functionality as you would do when you are populating the table control manually.
 - Number of lines that would appear in the above scenario will differ based on the screen size that the user uses. So always code for standard screen size and make your BDC work always in standard screen size irrespective of what the user keeps his screen size as.
Creating Batch Input Session
 1. Open the batch input session session using function module BDC_OPEN_GROUP.
 2. For each transaction in the session:
 - Fill the BDCDATA with values for all screens and fields processed in the transaction.
 - Transfer the transaction to the session with BDC_INSERT.
 3. Close the batch input session with BDC_CLOSE_GROUP
Batch Input Recorder
Batch input recorder (System > Services > Batch input > Recorder) records transactions which are manually entered and creates a batch input session which can be executed later using SM35.
 - Begin the batch input recorder by selecting the Recording pushbutton from the batch input initial screen.
 - The recording name is a user defined name and can match the batch input session name which can be created from the recording.
 - Enter a SAP transaction and begin posting the transaction.
 - After you have completed posting a SAP transaction you either choose Get Transaction and Save to end the recording or Next Transaction and post another transaction.
 - Once you have saved the recording you can create a batch input session from the recording and/or generate a batch input program from the recording.
 - The batch input session you created can now be analyzed just like any other batch input session.
 - The program which is generated by the function of the batch input recorder is a powerful tool for the data interface programmer. It provides a solid base which can then be altered according to customer requirements.
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text:
Animal Species:Ischnochiton australis
Not only is this the largest chiton found in Sydney, it is also the most common. If you turn a rock over on any rock platform in Sydney, you should find a few. This species congregates in large groups on rocks close to the low-tide mark.
The shell of this chiton is green-brown and generally not covered in algae, as is the case with some other chiton species in Sydney.
This chiton species is found in southern Australia.
Chitons are found on intertidal rocky shores.


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In this paper we discuss the ω-limit sets of a flow using the Conley theory, chain recurrence and Morse decompositions. Our results generalize and improve the related result in [Schropp J. A reduction principle for ω-limit sets. Z Angew Math Meth 1996;76(6):349-56], and we also show how they can be used as a basis for some new criteria for the existence of periodic orbits.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
- Physics and Astronomy(all)
- Applied Mathematics


text:
for methanol content in the flash gas stream. Figure 4 presents the variation of the methanol content in the acid gas stream as a function of the reflux rate replacement with fresh water.
To show the impact of the lean MDEA circulation rate quantitatively, the percent of methanol content reduction for several streams was calculated by the following equations for five sour NGL methanol contents.or
Figures 2 through 4 and the calculation results indicate that the effect of sour NGL methanol contents on the percent of methanol reduction in different streams is small. For example, the sweet NGL methanol content reduction varied within 1.5 % (i.e. 59.9% to 61.4% for sour NGL methanol contents of 30 and 894 PPMw, respectively); therefore, Table 2 presents only the average percent reduction of the five sour NGL methanol contents for each lean MDEA circulation rate. Table 2 indicates that as the lean MDEA circulation rate increases, more methanol concentration reduction takes place in the listed streams. Note that the sweet NGL methanol content reductions are the same as the reductions in the lean amine stream. This is expected because the lean amine and sweet NGL streams are almost in equilibrium with each other.
Table 2. Average percent methanol content reduction in different streams for three lean MDEA circulation rates(*Fresh water free of methanol)
The variation of methanol content as a function of the molar % of the reflux stream replaced with the fresh water is presented in Figures 5 through 7 for the lean amine, purged reflux, and replaced reflux streams, respectively. These figures are for 11.36 Sm3/h (50 sgpm) lean MDEA rate. Similar diagrams were generated for the other two lean MDEA circulation rates.
Figure 5 indicates that as the percent of purging the reflux stream with the fresh water increases, the methanol content of the lean amine decreases. Figure 6 presents a similar trend for methanol content in the purge reflux stream. Figure 7 presents a different trend for methanol content in the returned reflux stream. For 100% purging, the reduction of methanol content is 100% for the five sour NGL methanol contents.
Figure 5. Methanol content in the lean amine stream vs reflux rate replacement for five sour NGL methanol concentrations
Figure 6. Methanol content in the purge reflux stream vs reflux rate replacement for five sour NGL methanol concentrations
Figure 7. Methanol content in the replaced reflux stream vs reflux rate replacement for five sour NGL methanol concentrations
Figures 8A and 8B present the methanol concentration profiles in the liquid streams leaving the stages in the regenerator column. These profiles are for lean MDEA circulation rate of 11.36 Sm3/h (50 sgpm), 0 and 100 % purge of reflux, and sour NGL methanol content of 30 and 894 PPMw. These figures indicate that the maximum methanol concentration occurs in the reflux stream with 0 % purging. With 100 % purging, the reflux stream contains no methanol. Similar profiles were observed for the two lower and higher lean MDEA circulation rates.
Figure 8A. Methanol content profile for liquid stream leaving the stages in the regenerator
Figure 8B. Methanol content profile for liquid stream leaving the stages in the regenerator
Based on the results obtained for the considered case study, this TOTM presents the following conclusions:
- Similar to the gas sweetening process, the MDEA liquid sweetening process removes a considerable amount of methanol from feed sour NGL. Moreover, if the methanol content of the sour NGL is high, the sweetened NGL may still retain high methanol content and can cause operational troubles in the downstream processes.
- The highest concentration of methanol content due to entrapment of methanol in the system is in the condensed reflux stream 10 of Figure 1 (see also Figure 8).
- Provisions of purging reflux (Water Draw) and its replacement with "Fresh Water" (Figure 1) can improve methanol recovery.
- The effect of sour NGL methanol content on the percent of methanol reduction in different streams is small.
- The basic MDEA sweetening process reduced the sweet NGL methanol content (PPMV) by ~60%, ~75% and ~80% for the lean MDEA circulation rate of 5.68, 11.36, and 22.71 Sm3/h (25, 50, and 100 sgpm), respectively.
- The modified MDEA sweetening process with 100% purging of the reflux stream reduced the sweet NGL methanol content (PPMV) by ~75%, ~90% and ~95% for the lean MDEA circulation rates of 5.68, 11.36, 22.71 Sm3/h (25, 50, and 100 sgpm), respectively.
- The purged reflux stream, which contains methanol should be disposed of properly or treated within the plant. The treated recovered water may be reused as fresh water in the sweetening process.
- In NGL sweetening, the residual amine in the NGL can also be a problem. The treated NGL usually goes through a water wash step. This step would also remove MeOH in the treated NGL stream. The wash water could be used as make-up in the regenerator purge loop. Water wash of the NGL would have a major impact on NGL quality, but only minor impact of flash gas and acid gas.
Methanol is both a Hazardous Air Pollutant (HAP) and a Volatile Organic Compound (VOC). It is regulated by the US EPA under the Clean Air Act. Operators therefore need to make sure that it is disposed of properly when purged. However, they must also consider its release into the atmosphere. This means that if there is no sulfur present, the acid gas likely cannot be vented without exceeding HAP/VOC thresholds. It must be sent to a control device, and even there, depending on the size of the plant, the operator may still bump into threshold limits.
To learn more about similar cases and how to minimize operational troubles, we suggest attending our G6 (Gas Treating and Sulfur Recovery), G4 (Gas Conditioning and Processing), G5 (Advanced Applications in Gas Processing), and PF4 (Oil Production and Processing Facilities) courses.
PetroSkills | Campbell offers consulting expertise on this subject and many others. For more information about these services, visit our website at _URL_, or email us at _EMAIL_.
By: Dr. Mahmood Moshfeghian
- Gas Processors Association, "GPA RR-149: Vapor-Liquid and Vapor-Liquid-Liquid Methanol or Ethylene Glycol Solutions," 1995. Equilibrium for H2S, CO2, Selected Light Hydrocarbons and a Gas Condensate in Aqueous
- O'Brien, D., Mejorada, J., Addington, L., "Adjusting Gas Treatment Strategies to Resolve Methanol Issues," Proceedings of Lawrence Reid Gas Conditioning Conference, Norman, Oklahoma, 2016.
- Moshfeghian, M., October 2010 tip of the month, PetroSkills | John M. Campbell, 2010.
- Moshfeghian, M., July 2016 tip of the month, PetroSkills | John M. Campbell, 2016.
- Maddox, R.N., and Morgan, D.J., Gas Conditioning and Processing, Volume 4: Gas treating and sulfur Recovery, Campbell Petroleum Series, Norman, Oklahoma, 1998.
- Campbell, J.M., Gas Conditioning and Processing, Volume 2: The Equipment Modules, 9th Edition, 1st Printing, Editors Hubbard, R. and Snow –McGregor, K., Campbell Petroleum Series, Norman, Oklahoma, 2014.
- ProMax 4.0, Bryan Research and Engineering, Inc., Bryan, Texas, 2016.


text:
A monomolecular energy chord was a type of energized edge.
An energy filament, monomolecular energy chords were used in Kyuzo petars to increase the cutting power and deadliness of the weapons. Channeled along the conductive carbon edge of the blade, the chords were powered by rechargeable energy cells.
- Solo: A Star Wars Story (First appearance)
- Solo: A Star Wars Story The Official Guide (First identified as monomolecular energy chord)


text:
palatogram is an image of the region of the upper surface of the vocal tract
contacted by the tongue due to a consonant. The best way to obtain such an
image is to coat the tongue with a mixture of equal parts olive oil and
activated charcoal powder and record the resulting transfer of pigment.
The process is as follows:
- To protect the subject, one should use latex type gloves and
preferably a surgical mask.
- Mix the olive oil and the activated charcoal powder.
- Apply mixture to the speaker's whole tongue with a paintbrush
or Q-Tip. NOTE: In case of dripping, one should cover the speaker's
clothes before applying the mixture.
- Ask the speaker to produce a word that contains the target sound
(The word should not include any other sounds that make contact with the
- Use a mirror (preferably a sterilized inter-oral mirror), and
place it inside the speaker's mouth at a 45O angle with respect
to the plane of the teeth.
Fig 1: Diagram showing relative position of
the elements required to record the palatogram.
- Use a camera or video camera to photograph the mirror's
reflection of the place of articulation depicted by the imprint.
- If a video camera is used, the image can be transferred
directly to a computer for further processing as described in "How to Capture Video for use on the Mac."
- Once the image has been recorded, have the speaker rinse out
his/her mouth with lemonade (or lemon juice in water).
Fig 2: Palatogram; still image digitized
from video. Orientation: Upper teeth are shown at top and
reflected in the mirror at bottom.


text:
Ali MacGraw facts for kids
Elizabeth Alice "Ali" MacGraw (born April 1, 1939) is a television and movie actress. She started in movies, but changed to stage and TV acting. She received Golden Globes for Goodbye Columbus and Love Story (the earlier was in 1969, and the latter was released in 1970). Some birthdate sources say that she was born in 1938; others say 1939 or 1940. She was born in New York State.
Ali MacGraw Facts for Kids. Kiddle Encyclopedia.


text:
Toy spear throwers are deliberate in their design as they are meant to form part of the education of children. They give them the opportunity to practice spear throwing with games such as malu, a game where spears are thrown at moving pieces of bark. They are an important development process where the boys can improvise and make their own, or their father will make their sons miniature spears and a spear thrower, pre-initiation. They will continue to use this set until 12 to 16 years, when initiation has begun.
In the Rawlinson Range, Western Australia, decoration of spear throwers happens only after initiation, becoming more elaborate as knowledge increases.
Missions did encourage the manufacture of wood carvings, particularly of weaponry, for trade purposes. At Groote Eyelandt, the Northern Territory, Norman Tindale notice variations of form with a bigger body for decorative purposes and less handle space.
TagsAboriginal Affairs and Reconciliation Division Aboriginal Affairs Victoria Archival research Artefact Photography Artefacts Boord House Burial sites City of Marion Cultural Heritage Management Department of Indigenous Affairs Directed Study Excavation Field methods Field School Fieldschools Fieldwork Geophysical Techniques Heritage Legislation Historical Archaeology Indigenous Archaeology Kaurna Legislation Mallala Marion City Council Maritime Archaeology Master Class Mitcham Heritage Research Centre Museum Collections News Ngadjuri Our Achievements Our Staff Our Students OzArk Photography Port Adelaide Seven Stars Hotel South Australia South Australian Museum Space Archaeology Stone artefacts Stone Tools Student Placements Thesis Research World Archaeological Congress


Astoria Public Plaza
1. Would you be for or against a partial street closure of Newtown Avenue to create a public plaza? Why or Why Not?
2. What are some issues you think need to be addressed by the government in the community? i.e safety, lack of public resources, transportation etc.
3. Overall, how much support does this neighborhood receive from the local government?
4. What types of activities would you participate in if they were available in this neighborhood?
5. If a plaza were created, what kind of programs or activities would you like to see introduced?
6. Do you feel your neighborhood lacks adequate public space?
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text:
v.lidar.mcc - Reclassifies points of a LiDAR point cloud as ground / nonground using a multiscale curvature based classification algorithm
MetadataShow full item record
v.lidar.mcc is a modified implementation of the Multiscale Curvature Classification (MCC) algorithm proposed by Evans and Hudak 2007. The aim of the MCC-procedure is to filter non-ground returns caused by vegetation cover from point clouds produced with any kind of LiDAR instrument (e.g. also instruments without intensity information). The basic principle of the algorithm is to classify those points as non-ground points which deviate more than a user-defined threshold (t) from a surface which was interpolated from the full point cloud as a thin plate (here implemented with a bilinear spline interpolation with Tykhonov regularization through v.outlier). Tension (f) and spline steps (s) parameter are passed to the relevant parameters in v.outlier. On each scale domain v.lidar.mcc calls v.outlier repeatedly until the algorithm converges, i.e. less than the amount of points (percentage of input points to the iteration) defined in the convergence threshold (j) are classified as non-ground points. Scale domains are defined in relation to the current region. With a number of scale domains (nl) greater than 1 scale domains are distributed evenly "around" the current region. With the default number of three scale domains, the first scale domaine uses half the resolution of the current region, scale domain two uses the current region and scale domain three uses 1,5 times the resolution of the current region.


LVM, TLC NAND and the power of 2 problem
Now when you just create a few partitions and ensure they are aligned, this is not going to be an issue. However, if you use LVM and intend to create and delete a lot of logical volumes over time, you'd want them to be aligned on the erase block. With current versions of LVM, you can't do that for TLC NAND drives. LVM requires a physical extent size that is a power of 2 – and there is no number that is both a power of 2 and dividable by 1.5.
There are two workarounds that I have found:
 - Create a VG with 512kb physical extents and always make sure that you use lvcreate with an extent count that is a multiple of 3
 - Create a VG with 1MB physical extents and always make sure that your newly created volumes are multiples of 3MB
However, neither of these workarounds allow for the "set it and forget it" benefits of LVM, because they cannot be enforced – if you forget to keep this in mind or make a math error, your alignment will be off. You also can't rely on other tools to create volumes for you because they may not allow for such granularity in choosing sizes.
This is ultimately a limitation of LVM that it should overcome, but I have not found any evidence that it can work without its power-of-2 requirement. I need to take this up to the mailinglist, but until that time, here's a quick script that will verify the alignment of logical volumes in a volume group:
The output will look something like this:
In the example above, there are a number of extents that were deliberately misaligned as they were not divisible by 3.
To find out which logical volume the misaligned extents belong to, you can use lvdisplay -m and search the output for the extent number.
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text:
Helium mass spectrometer leak detectors are designed to measure the partial pressure of trace amounts of helium passing through small leaks and then display the measurement as a function of leak rate. To ensure the accuracy of the measurement, it is necessary to tune and calibrate the leak detector on a regular basis by introducing a precise flow of helium into the leak detector and comparing the output measurement with the actual flow.
This regulated flow, or leakage of tracer gas, is achieved through the use of a calibrated helium leak standard. Many of today's leak detectors have integrated or built-in calibrated leak standards. Older models of leak detectors, and current models of leak detectors that do not provide automatic calibration, may require an external calibrated leak standard to do the tune and calibration function.
Two common types of commercially available calibrated leak standards are glass permeation and capillary leaks. Glass permeation calibrated leak standards consist of a permeable glass membrane encapsulated in a sealed reservoir that is charged with helium. The helium in the reservoir diffuses through the glass membrane out of the leak and into the leak detector vacuum system.
An important factor to consider when using glass permeation style leaks is the temperature's affect on accuracy. Permeation style leaks have a leakage temperature coefficient of 3 or more percent per degree Celsius. As the operating temperature of the calibrated leak increases, its leakage rate also increases by its temperature coefficient. The temperature at which the leak standard was originally calibrated is typically marked on the side of the leak. This allows the user to compare the ambient temperature at the time the leak is used with the original calibration temperature and to compensate for the difference as required.
Glass permeation leaks are fragile and should be handled with care. If the glass membrane breaks from impact, the helium supply will immediately deplete from the reservoir and the leak will be unreparable.
Capillary-type leak standards are made up of a thin metal or glass capillary tube constructed into a pressurized metal envelope such that the gas from the envelope flows through the capillary tube out of the leak and into the vacuum system of the leak detector. One advantage of capillary type leaks over permeation leaks is that they are less sensitive to temperature changes. The leakage temperature coefficient of a capillary leak is approximately 0.2 percent per degree Celsius. Although capillary leaks are not as fragile as permeation leaks, they do have a capacity to become plugged by solids or vapor condensation.
The accuracy of calibrated leaks incorporating an integral gas supply depends on age. Gas-filled leaks will decrease in value over time as the source of helium leaks out. This applies to both permeation and capillary type leaks. The depletion rate of a calibrated leak depends on its specified leakage rate. A 10-7 or 10-8 standard cubic centimeters per second (sccs) range leak will lose approximately 2% to 3% of its initial leak rate value per year.
The depletion rate of a calibrated leak does not change when the leak is stored with its valve in the closed position. In fact, storing a gas-charged calibrated leak with its valve closed will result in helium buildup within the mechanism of the valve, causing the leak to become inaccurate. A gas-charged leak should always be stored with its valve in the open position.
Aged calibrated leaks can be recertified on a regular basis to keep up with internal or external quality standards. Recertifi-cation involves measuring the leak on a calibrated system and re-labeling it with the new leakage rate, calibration temperature and date of calibration. A typical re-calibration cycle is one year.
Regardless of whether the leak detector calibration is done automatically or manually, or whether it is done with an internal or external leak, the process is the same, in general. The first step in calibration involves tuning the leak detector so that the output signal is optimized for a constant in-flow of helium. This is generally performed by introducing a steady flow of helium into the leak detector vacuum system and then adjusting voltages within the analyzer cell and monitoring the output signal of the leak detector. The voltage values that result in the greatest signal output are set as the standard operating voltages until the calibration routine is re-initiated. Attempting to tune to a leak that is less than 1.0E-9 sccs may result in a "no signal" or "low signal" error message. This is an indication that the available helium flow is too low for the leak detector to do a successful tune adjustment.
After tuning is complete, the calibration routine is run. Calibration involves comparing the tuned output signal with the calibrated leak value and applying a multiplier or gain factor to make the leak detector output or display equal the calibrated leak value. It should be noted that adding additional gain to calibrate a leak detector may also amplify noise and background. Higher gain settings could potentially make the leak detector unstable in the higher sensitivity ranges.
The typical gain factor of a leak detector that is isolated from all external systems depends on the inherent sensitivity of the leak detector. This is a function of the design of the vacuum system and the analyzer cell components. A gain factor that is equal to or near 1.0 is the most appropriate because it indicates that the leak detector design provides enough inherent sensitivity to read a calibrated leak accurately without additional amplification of the tuned signal. A significant change in the typical gain factor of a leak detector may indicate a problem. Monitoring the gain factor on a regular basis is a good way to ensure that the leak detector is clean and working correctly.
It is possible for the gain value to vary as a result of a change in the test configuration. If the leak detector is connected to an external vacuum system during the calibration routine, the pumping action of the external system could divert helium from the calibrated leak away from the leak detector. This is referred to as a split-flow condition. In this situation, a greater gain value would be required to bring the measured value up to the fixed value of the calibrated leak. This is not an indication of a problem with the leak detector; it is the result of the application.
Calibration of modern leak detectors is relatively easy and fast. Many of today's leak detectors have an integrated calibrated leak standard and an automatic calibration feature. Calibrating a leak detector with an integrated leak often involves the push of a single button and a 3 to 5 minute wait period. It is important to warm up the leak detector for at least 30 minutes prior to performing a calibration routine.
The frequency of calibrating a leak detector can depend on the application or be mandated by quality control requirements. More frequent calibrations are recommended for applications that involve accurate and quantitative testing to a specific pass/fail value. Less frequent calibrations are required for qualitative or go/no go testing. A well-designed leak detector will hold its calibration within the tolerances of go/no go test requirements for more than a few weeks. In addition to scheduled calibrations, it is appropriate to perform a calibration after the leak detector has experienced an unexpected shock, such as a power outage, power surge or inadvertent venting of the test port while in high sensitivity mode.
- A regulated flow is achieved through the use of a calibrated helium leak standard.
- Many of today's leak detectors have built-in calibrated leak standards. Older models may require an external calibrated leak standard.
- Two common types of commercially available calibrated leak standards are glass permeation and capillary leaks.


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Definitions for salmonberryˈsæm ənˌbɛr i
Random House Webster's College Dictionary
salm•on•ber•ryˈsæm ənˌbɛr i(n.)(pl.)-ries.
the salmon-colored, edible fruit of a raspberry, Rubus spectabilis, of the Pacific coast of North America.
the plant itself.
Origin of salmonberry:
cloudberry, dwarf mulberry, bakeapple, baked-apple berry, salmonberry, Rubus chamaemorus(noun)
creeping raspberry of north temperate regions with yellow or orange berries
salmonberry, salmon berry, thimbleberry, Rubus parviflorus(noun)
white-flowered raspberry of western North America and northern Mexico with thimble-shaped orange berries
salmonberry, Rubus spectabilis(noun)
large erect red-flowered raspberry of western North America having large pinkish-orange berries
A bush, taxonomic name Rubus spectabilis, found on the Pacific coast of North America
The fruit from this bush, similar in appearance and texture to the blackberry and raspberry


Tag: teeth
How many teeth or flutes for my CNC tools?
QUESTION: Does it matter how many teeth or flutes my end mills have? ANSWER: Actually it does. A good rule of thumb for the beginner: the harder the material, the more teeth! What's the difference between teeth and flutes? Teeth do the cutting, flutes bring the cut material away from the part....
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MOTYS 2001 is a word game containing an french and english dictionary with 100000 words. The objective of this game is to discover a word which is randomly chosen by the computer like Mastermind.
At each attempt the computer indicates the correct placed characters (red background) and the ones incorrectly placed (green background).The game is fully parametrized time to think, initial difficulty, addition/deletion of words to the dictionary. The more difficult the setup is chosen, the faster the score rises! Many sounds accompany a game.
MOTYS 2001 is available in french and english. The clear and user-friendly interface let you dive right-away into action!


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Date of this Version
This paper analyses customer satisfaction with services of the Sokoine National Agricultural Library (SNAL) using a mixed method approach. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected using questionnaire and interviews, which were supplemented by document analysis. A total of 72 respondents were selected using simple random and purposive sampling procedures. Data were analysed descriptively and were presented in tables, pie charts and percentages. The expectancy-disconfirmation theory with Four-Level Zone of Tolerance (ZoT) developed by Oliver (1980) guided data analysis in this study.
Findings indicate that leaning materials and services provided by SNAL are relatively sufficient due to satisfaction level of majority of customers being over 50%. This shows that the library has relevant learning materials which mostly meet users' satisfaction. However, some respondents showed dissatisfaction with challenges they faced in accessing library resources due to: poor arrangement of books in shelves that made users to spend a lot of time in searching materials, lack of adequate security in the Library that made some users' properties in their bags temporarily kept in the library being stolen and lack of good customer care practices from some library staff.
The study recommends the factors prompting users' dissatisfaction be addressed so as to regain customers' satisfaction and loyalty to the library.


Drive & Dive
You will need to bring your Drivers Licensing Authority form with you for the purpose of renewing your license. Assessment will include a blood pressure check, vision test and for commercial licenses, a urine test.
A dive medical assesses the ability of the diver to survive unexpected underwater or on surface emergencies. As a general part of the examination, age factors and overall physical fitness are assessed, as well as vision, ear, nose and throat condition, hearing, dental condition, balance, blood pressure, lung function, musculo-skeletal function and the gastro-intestinal tract, including a urine test. Book in with either Dr Joe Buters or Dr Clif Parry for this medical…


finalize meaning in hindi
Pronunciation of finalize
finalize in Images
finalize Antonyms
finalize Definitions and meaning in English
 1. make final
 2. finish
 3. complete action
finalize Sentences in English
 1. अंतिम रूप देना = finalise
 They met to finalize the terms of the treaty.
Tags: finalize meaning in hindi, finalize ka matalab hindi me, hindi meaning of finalize, finalize meaning dictionary. finalize in hindi. Translation and meaning of finalize in English hindi dictionary. Provided by a free online English hindi picture dictionary.


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Lighting Designer: Fixture Targeting
A light fixture is frequently focused on a subject, whether that's a person, or an object. Just as frequently, the fixture or the subject has to move, meaning that the fixture is no longer focused correctly. Also, users needed to know which fixtures are focused on which subjects at a glance, and whether other objects on the plot will be affected by a light's beam.
At this point, it's just me with Lighting Designer. I'm the designer and developer, and also the beta tester.
This is actually a feature that doesn't exist in many plotting apps. Most take a "drafting" approach, in which fixtures are placed and rotated, but don't interact much with what's around them. One of the cornerstones of the Lighting Designer UX is that the plot is not a flat, static document; it's a living thing that should encourage interaction and flexibility.
Typically, plots get crowded, especially for studio settings. It's hundreds of light fixtures all nestled together, each threading the needle to illuminate what it's supposed to. So the user's most difficult task is knowing which fixtures are focused on which subjects. Also, a subject can have 30 lights focused on them; so if they move, all of those fixtures are now unfocused. Users needed a way to make those adjustments automatically. They also want to know how these movements affect the light hitting the subject.
The solution was a function called targeting. A light fixture's aim is controlled by dragging a crosshairs around the plot, and if the crosshairs are released on another plot object, the selected fixture is now targeting that object. If the fixture is moved, it automatically adjusts its rotation to point at its target; if the target moves, the targeting fixture rotates to follow it.
The other part of the solution was exposure calculation. This has been a big request from users for a long time, and this was absolutely the time to do it. Our third-party database partner supplied candela and beam angle values for its fixtures, and I built a table so users could enter their own values, or calculate them from light meter readings. Using that data, I could display the fixture's beam on the plot, and also determine its brightness when it hits its target subject.
Candela is the unit for the amount of light emitted in one direction, so to find the brightness on the subject I convert that to foot-candles, which is a measurement of the amount of light hitting an object:
To convert foot-candles to lux (which is a common European unit of brightness), I simply multiply the foot-candles by the constant 10.76391, because foot-candles and lux are just like feet and meters; two ways of measuring the same thing. If I wanted to calculate brightness in terms of f-stop, for a camera, I would use the formula:
F-stop is actually the denominator of a fraction; when 1 is the numerator, that ratio represents the focal length of the lens (e.g. 50mm) to the diameter of the lens aperture. (This is why a smaller f-stop actually means a wider aperture.) Although this mathematical f-stop can be expressed as a floating-decimal value, in practice it's usually assigned as a standard f-stop number and an adjustment of 0.1 to 0.9, as displayed on a light meter. The time and ISO values may also be adjusted to achieve certain effects, and the user can get a sense of what they'll need to light for those adjustments.
This was fairly easy to implement on the engineering side, but it still left the problem of knowing which fixtures were targeting which subjects. After some test usage, I came up with the idea of pointers: an arrow from the targeting fixture to its target. The user can decide whether it appears only when one of the objects is selected, or when the plot is rendered, or always. They can also choose to display certain identifying information about the targeting fixture, such as its purpose, distance, calculated brightness, and channel (a unique ID number that's very useful in lighting practice).
In addition, I allowed the user to set their own "mid tone," which is their ideal exposure, in foot-candles, lux, or f-stop. For instance, if they were designing for a film, they'd set their mid tone to the camera's f-stop. That way I can have the fixture's beam stop when it reaches that mid tone, giving the user a helpful hint about whether they need to dim the fixture, spot the lens, or switch it for a more powerful one. In addition, the pointer label shows how many foot-candles, lux, or f-stops over or under the mid-tone each fixture's brightness is, giving the user even more information to make informed decisions ahead of time.
What I Learned
I got a lot of compliments for these features; users loved being able to see instantly which fixtures were targeting which subjects. They also really appreciated the exposure calculation; it can never be 100% accurate because of things like dirty lenses and electrical fluctuations, but it provides excellent approximations so they can make decisions beforehand. These improvements allowed them to move more quickly on set and make their plot a living part of their workflow, rather than just a passive reference, which is a large part of the Lighting Designer brand and mission.


Friday, February 22, 2013
How to estimate earthwork construction period.
How to estimate the duration required to complete Earthwork Excavation? Estimation on the numbers of days required to complete the task by utilisation of machinery does not required complex calculation. All it take is simple mathematics and some knowledge on the efficiency of machine capability. Below is an example of the calculation.
1. Quantity of the Earthwork Excavation = 1000 cu.m.
2. The machinery needed = Excavator and Lorries
 Assumption : 1 no. of Excavator and 1 no. of lorry required.
 : Excavator need 3 minutes to make a cycle of excavation works.
 : Excavator Capacity = 1.5 cu.m
 : Lorries capacity = 10 ton
 : Lorry need 5 minutes to make a cycle of transportation.
 : Specific Gravity of the earth = 2.7
Base on the assumption, the calculation is as follows;
 a) Duration required to fill a 10 ton lorry
 : 10 ton lorry bucket capacity = 10/2.7 = 3.7 cu.m
 : cycle require to fill the lorry bucket = 3.7/1.5 = 2.4666 Cycle or 3 cycle.
 : hence, time required for filling the lorry = 3 cycle X 3 minutes = 9 minutes
 b) Duration required for lorry to complete a cycle of transporting and unloading =5 minutes
 : Therefore total time taken for one cycle of earthwork = 9 minutes + 5 minutes = 14 minutes.
 : 14 minutes is required to complete 3.7 cu.m of earthwork.
 c) Duration required to complete 1000 cu.m earthwork;
 : 1000 cu.m / 3.7 cu.m = 270.27 cycle = 271 cycle.
 : hence, time require to complete 1000 cu.m earthwork = 271 cycle X 14 Minutes = 3794 minutes
 d) Number of working hours per day = 8 hours
 e) Convert the Duration in minutes into days;
 : 3794/ (8 X 60) = 7 days.
Therefore total number of days to complete the 1000 cu.m of earthwork (cutting and cart away for a short distance) by utilised 1 number of excavator and 1 number of 10 ton lorry is 7 days. Hence your construction period is only 7 days. However this example is excluding number of unworkable day due to rain.
If the number of lorry is going to be increase to 2 then some correction can be make to the duration required to complete the whole cycle by by 5 minutes. this is because the waiting time for the excavator can be reduce by 2.5 minutes each for both lorry. Therefore the complete cycle can be consider as 9 minutes only.
With this free example hope that you will have nice time to plan for your earthwork construction.
 1. Aero Bina, thanks for the explanation. Can you also show work estimate for formwork & concreting as well. Thanks
 2. Anonymous, Thanks for the comments? How do you rate the information publish on this blog? As per Formwork & Concreting, I will include it in my post As soon as possible.
 I wish if you could state how do you want me to address yourself instead of being appeared as anonymous. Once again Thank you for your support.


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|Oracle® OLAP DML Reference
11g Release 2 (11.2)
Part Number E17122-05
Tip:The current object definition is the definition of the object that has been most recently defined or considered during the current session. To make an object definition the current definition, use a CONSIDER statement.
The text of the description you want to assign to the definition. When text is omitted, any existing description for the current definition is deleted.
You can create a multiline description by using a hyphen as a continuation character. However, you cannot create a description with an initial blank line with an LD statement.
Example 10-13 Adding a Description to the Definition of a Variable
This example changes the description associated with the variable
units. First, execute the CONSIDER statement to make
units the current definition. Then use a LD statement to assign a new description. The
units variable has the following definition.
DEFINE units VARIABLE INTEGER LD Actual Unit Shipments
CONSIDER units ld Actual Unit Shipments for Each Division DESCRIBE units
produce the following definition for
DEFINE units VARIABLE INTEGER LD Actual Unit Shipments for Each Division


My Oracle Support Banner
Mass Update - Position Data Overide/Use Position Data (Doc ID _PHONE_.1)
Last updated on NOVEMBER 17, 2020
Applies to:
Information in this document applies to any platform.
Mass update functionality is not working when creating two future rows on job data. The first future row to reduce standard hours by overriding position data and the second future row to reinstate standard hours back using position data defaults.
The issue can be replicated as follows:
The process is not successful when using Mass Update.
Nav: Workforce Admin>Collective Processes>Mass Update>Define Mass Update
1. Created a definition to create a job row(future dated) to override a job's position std_hours.
2. Definition had data changes of Service WRK_LOC changing element POSITION_OVERRIDE =Y (boolean).
3. Executed successfully.
4. Created a second definition to create another row further into the future to Use the Position data defaults (no position override).
5. Definition had data changes of Service WRK_LOC changing element POSITION_OVERRIDE =N (boolean).
6. Executed successfully.
7. Job row with correct effective date was created with no changes to the job records, position data and is still shown as override.
The process is successful and works as expected when manually updating Job Data.
1. Create future row and override position data, change std hours from 40 to 32.
2. Create another future row and use position data which brings in the std hours of 40 from position data.
In this Document


#73 Ignacio Nicknamed Nacho
Written by Food Non-Fiction October 20, 2020
This is the incredible true story behind the cheesy, crunchy dish that everyone loves - Nachos! This story of nachos was uncovered by children's book author, Sandra Nickel, who wrote the illustrated children's book titled "Nacho's Nachos The Story Behind the World's Favorite Snack".
Sandra found descendants of three key people involved in the creation of nachos and heard the nachos origin story directly from them. She corresponded with 1) Luis Ignacio Anaya (the grandson of the person who invented nachos), 2) Patricia Finan de los Santos (the granddaughter of the customer that nachos were first created for), and Rodolfo de los Santos Jr. (the son of the person who owned the restaurant where nachos were invented).
The story of nachos goes like this…In 1940, four women from Eagle Pass, Texas went to Piedras Negras, Coahuila to eat at the Victory Club. At least one of these women, Mamie Finan was a regular there. They asked Ignacio Anaya for a new snack. Always wanting to keep guests happy, Ignacio agreed even though he had no idea what to make. When he spotted a bowl of totopos (fried pieces of corn tortilla) he had the idea to add cheese and jalapeno strips on them. He popped this into the oven to melt the cheese. Years later when he reflected back on his inspiration for the dish he noted that his foster mother had often made him quesadillas.
Upon trying the delicious new snack that Ignacio brought out, Mamie asked him what the snack was called. Ignacio simply named the snack after himself, replying that it was called "Nacho's Special". As it turns out, "Nacho" is a common nickname for the name "Ignacio"!
While there is some confusion around whether Ignacio originally named the dish in English (Nacho's Special) or in Spanish (Nachos Especiales), Sandra has found evidence that points to the dish originally being named in English. This makes sense because the dish was made for an Mamie Finan who was an American. In an old ad written by Nacho himself, the ad referred to nachos as "Nacho's Special".
The Victory Club where nachos were born was closed down in 1961, and Nacho went on to open his own restaurant. His former employer, Rodolfo de los Santos, gave him kitchen equipment to thank him for his time at the Victory Club. Nacho passed away on November 9, 1974 at the age of 79. He is remembered as a generous family man.
Special Thanks to Our Interviewee:
Sandra Nickel - author of Nacho's Nachos The Story Behind the World's Favorite Snack


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The rare prolonged snowstorms and low temperatures that have caused havoc in many parts of China are mainly related to La Nina and abnormal atmospheric circulation, Chinese meteorologists said.
The unbalanced precipitation in China this winter greatly resembles the aftermath of La Nina event in history, which indicates that the latest development of La Nina is a main cause of China's abnormal snowy weather, meteorologists with Jiangxi Provincial Meteorological Bureau said.
The experts predicted that the La Nina event, which formed in August last year, will continue to the end of the spring season.
They also pointed out that the abnormal atmospheric circulation in some regions of Europe and Asia, which has lasted for nearly 20 days since mid-January, is responsible for the rampant chilly weather, rain and snowstorms.
(Xinhua News Agency February 2, 2008)


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SOFTLab's Nova in New York
NOVA, FLATIRON HOLIDAY INSTALLATION BY SOFTLAB
Nova was commissioned by the Flatiron 23rd Street Partnership through a competition held by the Van Alen Institute. The installation takes its initial inspiration from the traditional gazebo ("I shall gaze") as a pavilion within in a landscape that looks out in all directions. We used the rich historical context of the Flatiron Plaza site to frame the various landmark buildings and pedestrians through a series of scopes. These scopes create a pavilion that is different from all sides at street level, but from views above the pavilion looks like a seven pointed star. The structure is made up of aluminum that gains its strength through a cell-like structure similar to a sponge or soap bubbles. Each cell acts like both a stone and part of a three dimensional truss.
Each cell is unique, exposing a crystalline interior. On the interior the aluminum structure is clad in acrylic laminated with 3M Dichroic Film creating a kaleidoscopic effect. The dichroic film changes color and reflectivity depending on the viewing angle. The dichroic along with the mirrored finished composite aluminum panels cladding the exterior turns each cone into a pedestrian scale kaleidoscope that remixes the surrounding buildings, urban context and pedestrians in fun and unexpected ways.
The overall structure is made of a modular system we developed with the help of ARUP. Each cell is made of two dimensional panels that get attached together to form a three dimensional cell. Each cell acts like a stone. These cells come together to form a structurally stable dome in the center with each scope acting as an arch. The seven arches come together to create a very stable structure that has at its base a larger platonic half sphere, but also exhibits the nuances and idiosyncrasies of the cell-like system. This gives us both a very stable shape and a surface with many different angles to take advantage of the kaleidoscopic effects produced by the 3M Dichroic Film.
Design Team : SOFTLab
Supported by: 3M and ARUP
Location: New York
Photographs: Alan Tansey
> Via SOFTLab


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Bryna Name Meaning & Origin
Origin of the name Brenna:
A name of disputed origin and meaning. Some believe it to be a feminine form of the Celtic Bren which is from the root bri (strength, force). Alternatively, it may be derived from the Gaelic bran (raven)
Looking for the perfect name? Try the Name MatchMaker to find the perfect baby name for you!
Sister & Brother Names
Know a Bryna? What are her siblings named?
Name Lists Featuring Bryna
Contribute your knowledge to the name Bryna
- Comments and insights on the name Bryna
very unique, different. Not very common though.
- Personal experiences with the name Bryna
A store which sells handbags called Bryna Nicole Handbags named after a person named first and middle; Bryna Nicole
- Nicknames for Bryna
Bry, Brybry, BB, B, Bryan
- Meanings and history of the name Bryna
Variant of Brenna, used as a feminization of Bryn and Bryan.
- Famous real-life people named Bryna
- Bryna in song, story & screen


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What Is a Bushel of Corn?
A bushel is a unit of weight used when buying and selling crops such as corn. A bushel of shelled corn weighs 56 pounds, but a bushel of corn still on the ear weighs 70 pounds.
The weight of a bushel varies among fruits, vegetables and grains. For instance, while a bushel of spinach weighs 20 pounds, a bushel of tomatoes is 53 pounds. A bushel of unshelled lima beans is 30 pounds, but cowpeas run 60 pounds per bushel. Cotton weighs in at 32 pounds a bushel, while flax is 60 pounds. Although a bushel of oats weighs 32 pounds, a bushel of either wheat or soybeans is 60 pounds.