Version 19 (modified by kirsten, 7 years ago) (diff)
The solution is to distinguish call demands from product demands. Consider again:
let f = \ x. \ y.... in
 ...(f 1 2)...(f 3 4)...
The demands placed on f by the first and second call get bothed together to yield SM(SM(T)). But this is incorrect. Consider:
let f = \ x. \ y....
 frob = f 1 in
 ...(f 1 2)...(frob 2)...(frob 3)...
Here, the demands placed on f by the body of frob and by the call to f in the let-body get bothed together: S1(T) & S1(S1(T)) = SM(SM(T)). Note that this is the same as the demand placed on f above, yet we want to distinguish between the two situations, because in the first example, the inner lambda in f's rhs is only called once.
The solution is to treat call demands and product demands differently, and to define the both function for call demands to have the same behavior as lub. Then in the first example, f has demand SM(S1(T)) placed on it, and in the second, SM(T). This is what we want; now, if f has demand D(D(T) placed on it, that implies f is always called with two arguments.
Why does this make sense? Consider what it means if we see an example like:
let baz = lazyF p in
 case p of
 (a,b) -> strictF a b
(where lazyF is lazy in p, and strictF is strict in a and b). p is used both with demand L (in the call to lazyF and with demand S(SS) (in the call to strictF). This means it's perfectly same to strictly evaluate p, so when we both together the two demands, we should get S(SS). On the other hand, if a function is called once with one argument and once with two, we don't want to treat it as a function that's always called with two arguments; we're only interested in functions that are always called with n arguments for a given n. Hence, both should behave the same way as lub for call demands.
The following code inserts extra fields into closures when ticky is enabled (and so had to be commented out):
staticTickyHdr :: [CmmLit]
-- The ticky header words in a static closure
staticTickyHdr =
 | not opt_DoTickyProfiling = []
 | otherwise = [zeroCLit]
in compiler/codeGen/CgTicky.hs.
Other relevant functions: emitTickyCounter in compiler/codeGen/CgTicky.hs (called by closureCodeBody in compiler/codeGen/CgClosure.lhs).
Argh! I spent days tracking down this bug: idInfoLabelType in compiler/cmm/CLabel.hs needs to return DataLabel for labels of type RednCount (i.e., labels for ticky counters.) By default, it was returning CodeLabel, which caused the ticky counter labels to get declared with the wrong type in the generated C, which caused C compiler errors.
Declarations for ticky counters
emitTickyCounter spits out C declarations that look like this:
static char c16O_str[] = "main:Main.$wrepeated{v r4}";
static char c16Q_str[] = "i";
StgWord Main_zdwrepeated_ct[] = {
0x0, 0x1U, 0x1U, 0x0, (W_)&c16O_str, (W_)&c16Q_str, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0
Here, Main_zdwrepeated_ct is actually an StgEntCounter (this type is declared in includes/StgTicky.h). The counters get used by printRegisteredCounterInfo in rts/Ticky.c, which prints out the ticky reports. The counter fields are accessed using offsets defined in includes/GHCConstants.h (oFFSET_StgEntCounter_*), which in turn get generated from includes/mkDerivedConstants.c (change it and then run make in includes/.
Note that the first 3 fields of the counters are 16-bit ints and so the generated ticky-counter registration code has to reflect that (I fixed a bug where the first field was getting treated as a 32-bit int.) I modified the StgEntCounter type so that all fields are StgWords, because it seems that the code generator can't cope with anything else anyway (i.e., in the declaration above, Main_zdwrepeated_ct[] is an array of StgWords, even though the C type declaration implies that some fields are halfwords.)
In emitBlackHoleCode in compiler/codeGen/CgClosure.lhs, "eager blackholing" was getting employed in the case where ticky was turned on; this was causing programs to <> when they wouldn't with ticky disabled, so I turned that off.
Strictness and let-floating
We run into the following problem in the transform nofib benchmark: suppose we have:
f x =
 let foo = stuff in
 foo + x
where stuff doesn't depend on x. Demand analysis says that foo has a strict demand placed on it. Later, foo gets floated to the top level because it doesn't depend on x (in reality it's more complicated because in this case foo probably would have gotten floated out before demand analysis, but bear with me). foo still has a strict demand signature, which a top-level binding isn't allowed to have. Currently this manifests itself as an assertion failure in compiler/simplCore/SimplEnv.lhs.
There are two possible easy solutions: don't float out bindings for strict things, or "both" the demand for a binder with Lazy when its binding gets floated out. The question is, is it better to do the let-floating and lose the strictness into or to evaluate something strictly but lose sharing?
When we run into an expression like (Cast e co) that we're placing demand d on, we analyze e to get dmd_ty, then check whether the depth of e is equal to the depth of dmd_ty or not. This is necessary because we might be casting a function to a non-function type. So, if d and dmd_ty have equal depth, we return dmd_ty as is; if d's arity is less, we drop the appropriate number of args from dmd_ty; if dmd_ty's arity is less, we add the appropriate number of dummy argument demands to it.
WARN: arity /= dmdTypeDepth rhs_dmd_ty && not (exprIsTrivial rhs)
This warning can happen for (at least) two reasons:
 - lambdas with a strict non-call demand placed on them were being handled wrong (see the first two examples in [Commentary/Compiler/StrictnessAnalysis/Examples])
 - coercions were being handled wrong, resulting in a demand type with depth 0 being assigned to an rhs consisting of a cast from/to a function type


text:
The Liquid Pre-amps on the Liquid Saffire 56 introduce 11 samples of delay to the audio stream. This is due to the Digital Signal Processing required to emulate the preamps.
Depending on the sample rate you are using, audio passed through inputs 1 and 2 will be the delayed by the following:
|Sample Rate (Hz)||Time Delay (milliseconds)||Offset Distance (centimeters)|
Audio recorded through the Liquid Pres can be moved forward by 11 samples in your DAW to account for the delay, however, in'real world' recording situations the user may choose to ignore this delay.
For stereo recording, either 2 Liquid Preamps should be used, or 2 standard Preamps should be used,
For ensemble recording, where more than 2 preamps are used to record, this delay should cause no audible artefacts. When two microphones are placed in a recording space, regardless of what pre-amps or interfaces are used, there is inevitably a delay between them unless they are placed at exactly the same distance from the source. This will mean that the audio arriving at the two mics, even if they are recording the same source will be non time coherent. The non time coherence - i.e. similar audio but with a delay between each mic, will be significantly more apparent due to the physical mic placement than any delay introduced by the Liquid Preamps.
Users of the Liquid Saffire 56 should set up their microphones exactly the same was as they always do, by moving the microphones around until the sound is right.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
History notes borrowed from Parachuting, The Skydiver's Handbook, by Dan Poynter and Mike Turoff
Parachuting competition dates to at least 1930 in Russia, where jumpers demonstrated who could land closest to a target. In 1948, the Federation Aeronautique Internationale named American Joseph Crane to chair the newly established Commission Internationale de Parachutisme (CIP), now known in this country as the International Parachuting Commission (IPC). The first FAI sanctioned World Parachuting Championships took place in Yugoslavia in 1951, with five European teams competing. The U.S. fielded its first team to world competition in 1956.
In modern competition, the first 4-way sequential event was introduced at the 1970 U.S. National Skydiving Championships. Canopy formation was added in 1983. Canopy piloting became a medal event at the 2005 Nationals in Perris, California, and the most recent event, vertical formation skydiving, became official in 2007 when USPA included it in the national skydiving championships at Skydive Chicago in Illinois. Meanwhile, the original freefall style and accuracy landing events, often called the "classics," remain a part of each U.S. Nationals and World Championships.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Why the Rose-coloured vestments?
The Rose-coloured chasuble beside the Advent wreathWhy rose-coloured vestments on the third Sunday of Advent? Why do some places have a rose-coloured candle in the wreath for that day?
It's a tradition that emerged hundreds of years ago: the introit (the verses from psalm and another portion of scripture which were read as the procession approached the altar) for the third Sunday of Advent began "Rejoice in the Lord always; again I will say, rejoice." (from Philippians 4.4). In Latin, the words are "Gaudete in Domino semper: iterum dico, gaudete." The word rejoice–gaudete–gives the Sunday the name that many call it: Gaudete Sunday. Halfway through Advent, and in the midst of a whole bunch of fairly penitential readings, the introit was seen as lightening in the mood. (There's a similar Sunday in Lent: the fourth Sunday of Lent is called "Laetare Sunday." )
To celebrate that light-ening, the purple vestments warmed to rose; the flowers that had been were forbidden in the season were allowed; and the organ which had been quieted burst into music. Now, many of these things have changed: we keep using the organ, and enjoy flowers each week. At Nativity, we use blue for the vestments and hangings in Advent instead of the purple of Lent. And after all, very few parishes splurge on a set of rose vestments and hangings.
The rector's advent candles, lit all the way through for Christmas.However, in lots of places, some of these customs are kept. Maybe your Advent candles look a bit like mine, with one rose one slipped into the mix. In places that associate the four Sundays of Advent with some of Christ's gifts to us (peace, hope, joy, and love), this third Sunday is for joy–and it got to be that way because of Gaudete Sunday.
May you find joy in your waiting as we long for the one draws near!
And, if you want to know the whole introit, it goes like this: Rejoice in the Lord always; again I say, rejoice. Let your forbearance be known to all, for the Lord is near at hand;have no anxiety about anything, but in all things, by prayer and supplication, with thanksgiving, let your requests be known to God. Lord, you have blessed your land; you have turned away the captivity of Jacob. Rejoice in the Lord always; again I say, rejoice. – Philippians 4.4-6 and Psalm 85.1


text:
Time's Tattarrattat is an voice activated installation, originally presented at Aboagora Festival, Turku, Finland as part of a performance. The work consists of a microphone and a projected image. As participants speak into the microphone, the image disperses and diffuses across the space. The installation is accompanied by an original drawing that forms the basis for the projected image.
Original drawing, pencil and watercolour on paper, 40cm x 40cm.
An artwork exploring the relations between time and language. Time's Tattarrattat is a voice activated moving image artwork, exhibited here as part of a performance. The work uses speech recognition and analyzes each spoken word for how close it is to a palindrome. Depending on the degree of 'palindromicity' of the words, each triangle in the image moves more or less randomly. Because speech is irreversible the pieces never return to their original positions once activated. Like smoke rising from a candle, our aging bodies or fumes from an exhaust, entropy and disorder continually increase.
The word tattarrattat was coined by James Joyce in Ulysses to mean 'knock on the door', here we are knocking on time's door. In collaboration with physicist Dr. John Goold from ICTP, Trieste, Italy, we probed time's arrow through a series of conversations that led to the development of Time's Tattarrattat. The performance where John spoke about time was presented at Aboagora festival in Turku, Finland in August 2015.
The image is from a photo of the clouds over Trieste, which Libby took while visiting John. The photo of clouds was pixelated into triangles using code Libby wrote. Libby copied this digital image using watercolour and pencil,, which was then scanned and digitally cut up into 450 small triangles. This image is then projected onto a ceiling and is altered by each word uttered into a microphone.


text:
Laser Imaging, Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) data are valuable for developing digital elevation models. The LIDAR point cloud also contains features beyond just the points representing bare earth. This webinar focuses on quality control checks on LIDAR datasets and feature extraction (specifically building footprints) from the LIDAR point cloud.
- Alan Lulloff, PE, CFM - ASFPM Flood Science Center
- Lewis Graham - Chief Technical Officer, GeoCue Group Inc.
- Webinar Logistics - Jason Hochschild, ASFPM Flood Science Center
- Introduction - Alan Lulloff
- LIDAR QA/QC - Lewis Graham
- Building Footprint Feature Extraction - Lewis Graham


CW complex
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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An n-dimensional closed cell is the image of an n-dimensional closed ball under an attaching map. For example, a simplex is a closed cell, and more generally, a convex polytope is a closed cell. An n-dimensional open cell is a topological space that is homeomorphic to the n-dimensional open ball. A 0-dimensional open (and closed) cell is a singleton space. Closure-finite means that each closed cell is covered by a finite union of open cells.
A CW complex is a Hausdorff space X together with a partition of X into open cells (of perhaps varying dimension) that satisfies two additional properties:
Relative CW complexes[edit]
Roughly speaking, a relative CW complex differs from a CW complex in that we allow it to have one extra building block which does not necessarily possess a cellular structure. This extra-block can be treated as a (-1)-dimensional cell in the former definition.[1][2][3]
Inductive definition of CW complexes[edit]
A CW complex is often constructed by defining its skeleta inductively. Begin by taking the 0-skeleton to be a discrete space. Next, attach 1-cells to the 0-skeleton. Here, each 1-cell begins as a closed 1-ball and is attached to the 0-skeleton via some (continuous) map from the boundary of the 1-ball, that is, from the 0-sphere. Each point of can be identified with its image in the 0-skeleton under the aforementioned map; this is an equivalence relation. The 1-skeleton is then defined to be the identification space obtained from the union of the 0-skeleton and 1-cells under this equivalence relation.
In general, given the (n − 1)-skeleton, the n-skeleton is formed by attaching n-cells to it. Each n-cell begins as a closed n-ball and is attached to the (n − 1)-skeleton via some continuous map from the boundary of the n-ball, that is, from the (n − 1)-sphere. Each point of can be identified with its image in the (n − 1)-skeleton under the aforementioned map; this is again an equivalence relation. The restriction of the attaching map to the inside of the ball, i.e. to the open n-disk, is required to be a homeomorphism onto its image. The n-skeleton is then defined to be the identification space obtained from the union of the (n − 1)-skeleton and n-cells under this equivalence relation.
Up to isomorphism every n-dimensional complex can be obtained from its (n − 1)-skeleton in this sense, and thus every finite-dimensional CW complex can be built up by the process above. This is true even for infinite-dimensional complexes, with the understanding that the result of the infinite process is the direct limit of the skeleta: a set is closed in X if and only if it meets each skeleton in a closed set.
 - The standard CW structure on the real numbers has 0-skeleton the integers and as 1-cells the intervals. Similarly, the standard CW structure on has cubical cells that are products of the 0 and 1-cells from. This is the standard cubic lattice cell structure on.
 - A polyhedron is naturally a CW complex.
 - A graph is a 1-dimensional CW complex. Trivalent graphs can be considered as generic 1-dimensional CW complexes. Specifically, if X is a 1-dimensional CW complex, the attaching map for a 1-cell is a map from a two-point space to X,. This map can be perturbed to be disjoint from the 0-skeleton of X if and only if and are not 0-valence vertices of X.
 - An infinite-dimensional Hilbert space is not a CW complex: it is a Baire space and therefore cannot be written as a countable union of n-skeletons, each of which being a closed set with empty interior. This argument extends to many other infinite-dimensional spaces.
 - The terminology for a generic 2-dimensional CW complex is a shadow.[4]
 - The n-dimensional sphere admits a CW structure with two cells, one 0-cell and one n-cell. Here the n-cell is attached by the constant mapping from to 0-cell. There is a popular alternative cell decomposition, since the equatorial inclusion has complement two balls: the upper and lower hemi-spheres. Inductively, this gives a CW decomposition with two cells in every dimension k such that.
 - The n-dimensional real projective space admits a CW structure with one cell in each dimension.
 - Grassmannian manifolds admit a CW structure called Schubert cells.
 - Differentiable manifolds, algebraic and projective varieties have the homotopy-type of CW complexes.
 - The one-point compactification of a cusped hyperbolic manifold has a canonical CW decomposition with only one 0-cell (the compactification point) called the Epstein-Penner Decomposition. Such cell decompositions are frequently called ideal polyhedral decompositions and are used in popular computer software, such as SnapPea.
 - The space has the homotopy-type of a CW complex (it is contractible) but it does not admit a CW decomposition, since it is not locally contractible.
 - The Hawaiian earring is an example of a topological space that does not have the homotopy-type of a CW complex.
Homology and cohomology of CW complexes[edit]
Singular homology and cohomology of CW complexes is readily computable via cellular homology. Moreover, in the category of CW complexes and cellular maps, cellular homology can be interpreted as a homology theory. To compute an extraordinary (co)homology theory for a CW complex, the Atiyah-Hirzebruch spectral sequence is the analogue of cellular homology.
Some examples:
 - For the sphere, take the cell decomposition with two cells: a single 0-cell and a single n-cell. The cellular homology chain complex and homology are given by:
since all the differentials are zero.
Alternatively, if we use the equatorial decomposition with two cells in every dimension and the differentials are matrices of the form. This gives the same homology computation above, as the chain complex is exact at all terms except and.
 - For we get similarly
Both of the above examples are particularly simple because the homology is determined by the number of cells—i.e.: the cellular attaching maps have no role in these computations. This is a very special phenomenon and is not indicative of the general case.
Modification of CW structures[edit]
There is a technique, developed by Whitehead, for replacing a CW complex with a homotopy-equivalent CW complex which has a simpler CW decomposition.
Consider, for example, an arbitrary CW complex. Its 1-skeleton can be fairly complicated, being an arbitrary graph. Now consider a maximal forest F in this graph. Since it is a collection of trees, and trees are contractible, consider the space where the equivalence relation is generated by if they are contained in a common tree in the maximal forest F. The quotient map is a homotopy equivalence. Moreover, naturally inherits a CW structure, with cells corresponding to the cells of which are not contained in F. In particular, the 1-skeleton of is a disjoint union of wedges of circles.
Another way of stating the above is that a connected CW complex can be replaced by a homotopy-equivalent CW complex whose 0-skeleton consists of a single point.
Consider climbing up the connectivity ladder—assume X is a simply-connected CW complex whose 0-skeleton consists of a point. Can we, through suitable modifications, replace X by a homotopy-equivalent CW complex where consists of a single point? The answer is yes. The first step is to observe that and the attaching maps to construct from form a group presentation. The Tietze theorem for group presentations states that there is a sequence of moves we can perform to reduce this group presentation to the trivial presentation of the trivial group. There are two Tietze moves:
1) Adding/removing a generator. Adding a generator, from the perspective of the CW decomposition consists of adding a 1-cell and a 2-cell whose attaching map consists of the new 1-cell and the remainder of the attaching map is in. If we let be the corresponding CW complex then there is a homotopy-equivalence given by sliding the new 2-cell into X.
2) Adding/removing a relation. The act of adding a relation is similar, only one is replacing X by where the new 3-cell has an attaching map that consists of the new 2-cell and remainder mapping into. A similar slide gives a homotopy-equivalence.
If a CW complex X is n-connected one can find a homotopy-equivalent CW complex whose n-skeleton consists of a single point. The argument for is similar to the case, only one replaces Tietze moves for the fundamental group presentation by elementary matrix operations for the presentation matrices for (using the presentation matrices coming from cellular homology. i.e.: one can similarly realize elementary matrix operations by a sequence of addition/removal of cells or suitable homotopies of the attaching maps.
'The' homotopy category[edit]
The homotopy category of CW complexes is, in the opinion of some experts, the best if not the only candidate for the homotopy category (for technical reasons the version for pointed spaces is actually used).[5]


text:
Traveling Luck for Ouen Dakoesse, New Caledonia (general), New Caledonia
Where is Ouen Dakoesse?What's around Ouen Dakoesse?
Wikipedia near Ouen Dakoesse
Where to stay near Ouen Dakoesse
The timezone in Ouen Dakoesse is Pacific/Noumea
Sunrise at 05:02 and Sunset at 18:20. It's Dark
Latitude. -21.8333°, Longitude. _PHONE_°
Satellite map around Ouen Dakoesse
Loading map of Ouen Dakoesse and it's surroudings
Geographic features & Photographs around Ouen Dakoesse, in New Caledonia (general), New Caledonia
- a body of running water moving to a lower level in a channel on land.
- a long narrow elevation with steep sides, and a more or less continuous crest.
- Kochéré (15.9km)
- tribal area;
- a tract of land used by nomadic or other tribes.
- Tribu de Koum (49.1km)
- an area where vessels may anchor.
- Mouillage de Ngoé (20.5km)
- a mountain range or a group of mountains or high ridges.
- Massif du Humboldt (36.9km)
- a coastal indentation between two capes or headlands, larger than a cove but smaller than a gulf.
- Baie de Kouakoué (52.2km)
- a break in a mountain range or other high obstruction, used for transportation from one side to the other [See also gap].
- Col de Ni (47.7km)
Airports close to Ouen Dakoesse
La tontouta(NOU), Noumea, New caledonia (117.4km)
Noumea magenta(GEA), Noumea, New caledonia (149.4km)


text:
Memberships allow you to add discounts to multiple services, classes, and products at once. You additionally can offer discounts based on a set number of visits as well as set specific auto-renew options.
To deactivate a client's membership in Vagaro, follow these steps:
- Click Reports at the top of the screen.
- Click Memberships on the left side of the screen.
- Click Run Report after applying the appropriate filters.
- Find the membership and the customer. Click on the Action drop-down menu. Then select Deactivate. Remember this action just affects the membership for this specific client. It does not impact other customers.
Deactivating a Client Membership
1. Click Reports at the top of the screen.
2. Click Memberships on the left sidebar.
3. To find a customer faster, enter the customer's name in the Search Value field. Then click Run Report.
4. Find the customer and membership. Click on the drop-down under Action on the left side of the screen. Then select Deactivate.
5. Click Yes to confirm.
6. To reactivate membership, return to the Membership Management page (Settings -> Memberships).
Enter the name of the customer in the Search Value field. Select Inactive in the Status field. Then click Run Report.
7. Find the Customer and Membership from the list. Click Action on the left side of the screen. Then select Activate, and you're all set!
The customer receives this notification when the membership is deactivated.


text:
The European Eye Epidemiology (E3) consortium is a recently formed consortium of 29 groups from 12 European countries. It already comprises 21 population-based studies and 20 other studies (case-control, cases only, randomized trials), providing ophthalmological data on approximately 170,000 European participants. The aim of the consortium is to promote and sustain collaboration and sharing of data and knowledge in the field of ophthalmic epidemiology in Europe, with particular focus on the harmonization of methods for future research, estimation and projection of frequency and impact of visual outcomes in European populations (including temporal trends and European subregions), identification of risk factors and pathways for eye diseases (lifestyle, vascular and metabolic factors, genetics, epigenetics and biomarkers) and development and validation of prediction models for eye diseases. Coordinating these existing data will allow a detailed study of the risk factors and consequences of eye diseases and visual impairment, including study of international geographical variation which is not possible in individual studies. It is expected that collaborative work on these existing data will provide additional knowledge, despite the fact that the risk factors and the methods for collecting them differ somewhat among the participating studies. Most studies also include biobanks of various biological samples, which will enable identification of biomarkers to detect and predict occurrence and progression of eye diseases. This article outlines the rationale of the consortium, its design and presents a summary of the methodology.
Keywords: Epidemiology; Europe; Eye diseases; Ophthalmology; Prevalence; Risk factors.


text: This paper examines the importance of national-level institutional arrangements for promoting the EU's Protected Geographic Indication scheme (PGI). Taking the example of Ireland, for which PGI designations remain comparatively low, it explores whether the approach to providing institutional supports to the PGI scheme is influenced by top-down technocratic governance structures that pertain to food safety and quality certification that encompass the broader operating environment for food production in Ireland. Although the regulation of food safety and quality certification are distinct remits to the administration of the PGI scheme, in the Irish context the same institutional bodies are involved in governance of both. Using a discourse analysis interpretative framework, this paper draws on interviews with Irish producer group members and institutional representatives to examine how governance of the PGI scheme reflects management perspectives and practices more in keeping with a regulatory environment for food safety and quality than with development of place-based food product links. It suggests that incentives to avail of the PGI scheme as a means of realising value-added for producers are not well established because they require the development of more subjective, context-dependent processes and practices linked to geographical place and place identity. These are not easily accommodated under current institutional arrangements that also incorporate food safety and quality remits because these are in turn strongly established through nationally and internationally recognised systems of regulation and bench-marking. The findings point to the benefits to be gained from a more layered governance structure for PGI; devolving operation of the scheme to relevant regional and local development organisations that possess the expertise and relevant local knowledge to (a) incentivise the formation of producer groups, and (b) prioritise mentoring and support for PGI concept development as a clearer reflection of bottom-up rural sustainability policy. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


Factor in privacy in data-driven efforts
New Ideas in MarketingEssential news for marketers, summarised by YouGov
January 28, 2021, 5:55 AM UTC
Brands must adapt to the changing consumer sentiments around privacy and transparency.
With more consumers taking steps to protect data privacy and rethinking brand interactions, marketers must create data-driven practices addressing privacy and transparency concerns in 2021. As regulations like GDPR and CPRA regulating the collection and use of data, usual data-driven practices can be affected.
Joanna O'Connell, VP and principal analyst at Forrester says, brands must communicate their data collection processes and how they use data to consumers. Industry bodies like W3C are developing new standards for targeted advertising to overcome challenges like limited tracking identifiers.
However, brands must make fundamental changes to how consumer data is accessed and used, while respecting privacy and being transparent, adds O'Connell. Companies with direct consumer connection and access to first-party data, like Disney, are in a better position to tackle data collection complications.
Read the original article
[2 minute read]


text:
Have you ever wondered if there's an easy way to swap cells in Excel?
Well, you're in luck!
This article is all about swapping cells in Excel without any hassle or complicated methods.
We'll walk you through the process step-by-step, making it as simple as a drag and drop.
This tutorial shows three methods for swapping cells in Excel.
Method #1: Use Drag and Drop to Swap Adjacent Cells in Excel
This is the best way to swap two cells (especially if you're trying to swap two adjacent cells)
In the below dataset, values in cells A4 and B4 have been interchanged due to a data entry error.
We can use the drag and drop to swap cells A4 and B4 and correct the data entry error.
Below are the steps to do this:
- Select cell A4, point to the cell's right border, and notice the four-headed arrow.
- Press and hold down the "Shift" key, drag to the right border of cell B4, and notice a display of a thick green bracket icon ( 工). While holding the "Shift" key, release the mouse button.
The cells A4 and B4 are swapped as shown below:
Note: You can also use this method to swap adjacent rows or columns.
Also read: How to Select Visible Cells Only in Excel?
Method #2: Use Cut and Insert Cut Cells to Swap Adjacent Cells in Excel
Let's consider the below dataset where values in cells A4 and B4 have been interchanged due to a data entry error.
We can use the "Cut" and "Insert Cut Cells" commands to swap cells A4 and B4 and correct the data entry error.
Below are the steps to do this:
- Right-click cell B4 and choose "Cut" on the context menu.
Alternatively, select cell B4 and press Ctrl + X.
- Right-click cell A4 and choose "Insert Cut Cells" on the shortcut menu.
Alternatively, select cell A4 and press the Ctrl + Shift + "+" shortcut.
Cells A4 and B4 are swapped as shown below:
Note: You can also use this method to swap only adjacent columns or rows.
Also read: How to Rearrange Rows In Excel
Method #3: Use Excel VBA Code to Swap Non-Adjacent Cells in Excel
Suppose we want to swap the columns for "Capital City" and "State" in the dataset below to arrange the data in a more logical order.
We can use Excel VBA code to accomplish the task.
Below are the steps to do this:
- Press Alt + F11 to open the Visual Basic Editor.
- Open the "Insert" menu and choose "Module" to insert a module.
- Copy the following code and paste it into the module:
Sub Swap2NonAdjacentRanges() Dim Rng1 As Range Dim Rng2 As Range Dim arr1 As Variant Dim arr2 As Variant Set Rng1 = Application.Selection Set Rng1 = Application.InputBox("Range1:",, Rng1.Address, Type:=8) Set Rng2 = Application.InputBox("Range2:",, Type:=8) Application.ScreenUpdating = False arr1 = Rng1.Value arr2 = Rng2.Value Rng1.Value = arr2 Rng2.Value = arr1 Application.ScreenUpdating = True End Sub
- Save the file as an Excel Macro-Enabled Workbook.
- Press Alt + F11 to switch to the active worksheet containing the dataset.
- Select the first cell range that you want to be swapped. In this example, we select the cell range A1:A6.
- Press Alt + F8 to activate the "Macro" dialog box, select the "Swap2NonAdjacentRanges" macro on the "Macro name" list box, and click "Run."
- Click "OK" on the first "Input" dialog box, displaying the reference of the first cell range we want to be swapped.
- Select the second cell range that you want to be swapped. In this example, we select the cell range C1:C6. Notice that the cell reference is entered in the second "Input" dialog box.
- Click "OK" on the second "Input" dialog box.
The "Capital City" and "State" cell ranges are interchanged as shown below:
Note: Always keep the target ranges equal in size when using this method.
Explanation of the Code
Let's go over the code step by step to understand how it performs the swap operation:
1. Variable Declarations:
- 'Dim Rng1 As Range' and 'Dim Rng2 As Range': Declare two variables, "Rng1" for the first data range and "Rng2" for the second cell range.
- 'Dim arr1 As Variant' and 'Dim arr2 As Variant': Declare two array variables named "arr1" and "arr2" to store values from their respective ranges. The variables are of "Variant" data type, so they can handle data of unknown or mixed types.
2. Range Selection:
- 'Set Rng1 = Application.Selection': Sets the "Rng1" variable to the currently selected range, allowing the user to choose a range before running the macro.
- 'Set Rng1 = Application.InputBox("Range1:",, Rng1.Address, Type:=8)': Displays an input box to the user with the prompt "Range1:" and initially sets the input value to the address of "Rng1." This line allows the user to change or specify the first range by manually entering or selecting it. The "Type:=8" parameter indicates that the input should be treated as a range.
- 'Set Rng2 = Application.InputBox("Range2:",, Type:=8)': Displays another input box to the user with the prompt "Range2:" and allows the user to specify the second range by manually entering or selecting it. The "Type:=8" parameter indicates that the input should be treated as a range.
3. Turning off Screen Updating:
- 'Application.ScreenUpdating = False': Disables screen updating to prevent flickering and improve performance while the macro executes.
4. Value Assignment:
- 'arr1 = Rng1.Value': Stores the values from the first range ("Rng1") in the "arr1" array variable.
- 'arr2 = Rng2.Value': Stores the values from the second range ("Rng2") in the "arr2" array variable.
5. Swapping Values:
- 'Rng1.Value = arr2': Assigns the values from "arr2" (second range) to the cells in "Rng1" (first range), effectively swapping the values.
- 'Rng2.Value = arr1': Assigns the values from "arr1" (first range) to the cells in "Rng2" (second range), completing the swap operation.
6. Turning on Screen Updating:
- 'Application.ScreenUpdating = True': Re-enables screen updating, allowing Excel to display changes made by the macro.
This tutorial showed three methods for swapping cells in Excel. We hope you found the tutorial helpful.
Also read: How to Swap Columns in Excel?
Situations where Swapping Cells in Excel is Useful
Swapping cells in Excel can be helpful when you need to rearrange or reorganize data.
Here are four scenarios where you may need to swap cells:
- To correct data entry errors: In case of data entry mistakes where you must interchange the content of two cells to rectify the error, swapping cells can be a convenient solution that saves time and effort.
- To put data in desired or more logical order: When importing data from external sources, the structure or order may not be as expected. Swapping columns or rows can help you to match your needs.
- To change priorities or categories: In the case of managing projects or analyzing data, you can modify the priority level of a task by switching cells from "High" to "Low." You can also delegate a project to a different team or category or rearrange the items on a to-do list according to changing priorities.
- Comparing Data: If you want to compare two sets of data side by side, you may need to swap rows or columns to align corresponding data points. This process is often necessary when reconciling data.
Instead of cutting and pasting or retyping the values, various methods for swapping cells can save you time and make the process more efficient.
Other articles you may also like:


Western food dessert etiquette
At the end of the meal is
Western-style food dessert embellishment was called complete Western-style food, and dessert variety often eat sweets pudding, mousse, jelly, fruit etc..
pudding with eggs, milk, candy and a variety of fruits, dried fruit evenly baked. Such as: Kesi have pudding, raisin pudding.
class is a kind of Jiamusi making delicate ingredients in the mold made of food, many traditional dairy products, meat products, and fish development. Such as: pineapple, strawberry mousse Mousse cream.
jelly, such as cocoa jelly.
other classes, such as: chocolate Fuli su.
Western-style food to eat, if you eat dessert, there is no what etiquette is worth noting? Do not underestimate a little dessert to eat up, there are still a lot of etiquette, following a study small finishing on Western-style food dessert eating etiquette, for your reference.
1. ice cream
eat ice cream generally use a spoon. When eating with a cake or pie or as part of a meal, use a dessert fork and a dessert spoon
2. pie
usually use forks to eat fruit pies. But if the owner provides you with a fork and a dessert spoon, then use a fork to fix the pie, digging with a spoon to eat. Use a fork to eat a pie, unless the pie is ice cream, in this case, fork, spoon to use. If you're eating a cream pie, you'd better use a fork instead of a hand. To prevent the stuffing from leaking from the other end.
if the food can be used as a meat fork, if it is for dessert, use a spoon.
4. stewed fruit
use a spoon to eat stewed fruit, but you can use a fork to hold the fruit. The core of Mei Gan, Li Pu cherry, face to spit into the spoon and put in the tray.
5. boiled pear
use spoon and fork. With the fixed vertical fork spoon pear, pear dug convenient edible pieces.
fork can also be used to rotate the pear, so as to dig the pear meat. If there is only a spoon, hand rotating plate, the pear in the dish, with a spoon to scoop out the juice.


§ 3-401. SIGNATURE.
(a) A person is not liable on an instrument unless (i) the person signed the instrument, or (ii) the person is represented by an agent or representative who signed the instrument and the signature is binding on the represented person under Section 3-402.
(b) A signature may be made (i) manually or by means of a device or machine, and (ii) by the use of any name, including a trade or assumed name, or by a word, mark, or symbol executed or adopted by a person with present intention to authenticate a writing.


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As an employee or an employer, it is crucial to understand the concept of after-acquired evidence and how it can impact employment law cases. After-acquired evidence refers to information an employer discovers about an employee's misconduct or wrongdoing after terminating their employment. This evidence, if proven valid, can potentially serve as a defense strategy in employment law cases.
The Legal Framework
Under certain circumstances, after-acquired evidence may limit or completely eliminate an employee's ability to recover damages in an employment lawsuit. The legal framework surrounding after-acquired evidence is complex and varies depending on jurisdiction, so it's crucial to consult with an experienced employment law attorney like the Blair Patricia Law Firm to understand the specific laws in your area.
When is After-Acquired Evidence Relevant?
After-acquired evidence becomes relevant in employment law cases when an employer discovers evidence that, had they known about it, would have provided a legitimate reason for terminating the employee. This evidence can include, but is not limited to:
- Employee theft or embezzlement
- Forgery or fraud
- Violation of company policies
- Substance abuse or intoxication
- Violent or threatening behavior
Employers must be able to demonstrate that the after-acquired evidence is valid, reliable, and would have resulted in termination had it been known prior to the employee's termination.
Proving the Validity of After-Acquired Evidence
When using after-acquired evidence as a defense, employers need to demonstrate the following:
- The after-acquired evidence was discovered through legitimate channels and not through any form of discrimination or unlawful activity.
- The employer would have terminated the employee had they known about the evidence before the termination.
- The after-acquired evidence is substantial and directly related to the employee's actions or conduct that led to the termination.
- The employee's misconduct or wrongdoing had a direct impact on their ability to perform their job duties effectively.
Consulting with an employment law attorney is crucial in evaluating the validity and relevance of after-acquired evidence, as each case is unique and requires a comprehensive understanding of employment law regulations.
Limitations of After-Acquired Evidence
While after-acquired evidence can be a valuable defense strategy for employers, it is important to note its limitations:
- The after-acquired evidence must be directly related to the employee's actions or conduct that led to termination.
- If the employee can prove that the employer's decision to terminate was mainly based on discriminatory factors, after-acquired evidence may be deemed irrelevant.
- If the employee can demonstrate that the employer had a pattern of overlooking similar misconduct by other employees, after-acquired evidence may be challenged as a defense.
- The impact of after-acquired evidence on an employment law case often depends on the specific details and circumstances surrounding the case.
Seek Professional Legal Counsel
Employment law cases involving after-acquired evidence can be complex and require a strategic approach. The Blair Patricia Law Firm specializes in employment and labor law matters and can provide expert legal counsel tailored to your unique case.
With our extensive experience and in-depth knowledge of employment law, we can help navigate the complexities of after-acquired evidence and ensure your best interests are represented. Contact the Blair Patricia Law Firm today to schedule a consultation.


A Day of Botanical Art Techniques for All Levels
by Deb Shaw
Sunday, January 27, 2019 9:00 am to 3:00 pm at the Los Angeles County Arboretum and Botanic Garden
Cost, BAGSC Members: $50 Non-Members: $60
Register online at: _URL_ Bring your own lunch or purchase from the Arboretum Café.
 1. Creating 3D forms by light to dark shading in graphite
 2. How to do a watercolor wash
 3. Easy color mixing in watercolor (NEW—just added!)
 4. Dry brush techniques (NEW—just added!)
 5. Using pen and ink in scientific illustration
 6. Drawing with silverpoint
 7. Color pencil techniques in botanical art
 8. Labeling your painting with calligraphy
 9. Creating 3D forms by light to dark in watercolor
 10. How to draw a leaf in graphite
 11. Using mixed media in scientific illustration
 12. Graphite tips and tricks
 13. Perspective for plants
 14. Watercolor pencil techniques
 1. Cristina Baltayian
 2. Diane Daly
 3. Akiko Enokido (NEW—just added!)
 4. Sally Jacobs
 5. Lesley Randall
 6. Olga Ryabtsova
 7. Gilly Shaeffer
 8. Deborah Shaw
 9. Ellie Yun-Hui Tu
Questions about the Workshop? Contact the BAGSC Education Chair.
_TAG_ _TAG_ _TAG_ _TAG_ _TAG_ _TAG_ _TAG_ _TAG_ _TAG_ _TAG_ _TAG_ _TAG_ _TAG_ _TAG_ _TAG_ _TAG_


Upgrade Issues
Priority Paging Is Not Needed With the New Solaris 8 Caching Architecture
The Solaris 8 operating environment introduces a new file system caching architecture, which subsumes the Solaris 7 Priority Paging functionality. You should not set the system variable priority_paging in the Solaris 8 operating environment, and you should remove the variable from the /etc/system file when systems are upgraded to the Solaris 8 operating environment.
The new caching architecture removes most of the pressure on the virtual memory system that resulted from file system activity. As a result, the new caching architecture changes the dynamics of the memory paging statistics, which makes observing system memory characteristics simpler. However, several of the statistics report significantly different values. You should consider these differences when analyzing memory behavior or setting performance monitoring thresholds. The most notable differences are:


text:
- Multicell allows to make GSM calls through a standard telephone or a PBX
- In practice,PTSN to GSM calls are more expensive than GSM to GSM calls.Muticell
enables to make GSM to GSM call through the fix lines.
- Multicell is connected to an external line of a PBX (FXS). If the exchange that
MULTIcell is connected has the voice call attendant feature it is possible to make
inward dialing by keying MF tones.
- 900/1800 MHz GSM standards.
- Built in caller ID feature
- SMS sending
- LEDs on the device shows the signal level and the phase of the communication.
- The device generates 12/16 KHz or Polarity Reversal charging pulses.If the
network does not send the charging signal at all Multicell device may generate
fictive charging pulses.
- Adjustment of voice transmit and receive levels during conversation.
- Wall mounted cabinet.The antenna is fixed type (it may also be the roof type
where the GSM signal is weak ).
- Telephone line is connected with RJ11 type jack to the device.
- Adapter of the device is 220VAC/9VDC 1A max.


text:
BulkTransfer result screen not showing error msg for resolved WO
While performing a Bulk transfer, when the selected work object is resolved by another user in between the Bulk Transfer process, error message does not display on the Result section.
Steps to Reproduce
- Launch the Bulk Transfer screen and select the Process option.
- Search for the work objects from the worklist or workbasket.
- Select the work objects that must be transferred.
- Open the selected work object in the Perform mode.
- Resolve the work object from another session.
- Click OK in the Bulk Transfer model dialog. Section reload occurs and status for the selected work object does not display (such as, Transferred, Failed, or Skipped).
A defect in Pegasystems' code or rules.
Failed status was not set when the Assignment was not available.


Which Is the Most Low Maintenance Tortoise Breed?
The Hermann's tortoise is the most low maintenance tortoise breed. They are a resilient species, with a varied diet and are able thrive both indoors and outdoors. They usually live for around 50 to 75 years.
Adult Hermann's Tortoise
Taking care of a tortoise involves certain responsibilities unique to tortoises. It is challenging, and it's not something to undertake unless you are committed to caring for your pet consistently for many years.
For beginners or people who don't have the time or space for the most high-maintenance breeds, it makes sense to look into breeds that are are at least slightly easier to take care of (although there is no such thing as a breed that is 'easy' to care for). Not only does this help the you owner, but also saves the tortoise from being mistreated unintentionally.
Which Breeds Are the Ones Requiring the Least Maintenance?
There are several tortoise breeds that don't need as much maintenance as others. While you still have to take care of them, they are generally accepted as being more resilient than other species, so they might require slightly fewer responsibilities on your part.
They are great for people who have a busier schedule, as well as those who are just starting out as tortoise owners and don't want to jump into something that exceeds their knowledge, skill set, or available space they can allocate to their tortoise.
As such, if you're in a similar spot, then here are some breeds that require less maintenance:
 - Hermann's Tortoise
As discussed at the top of the article, of all breeds, the Hermann's tortoise is the one that needs the least maintenance. The Hermann's tortoise is a gentle species, and they are known for their affable personalities.
Perhaps it's telling that the Hermann's tortoise is one of the most common breeds that people keep as pets, and incidentally they were especially popular in the 70s and 80s (although many were not cared for correctly in those days).
Thankfully these days there is an abundance of literature available on Hermann's tortoises, which is a great help for the novice owner.
This tortoise is pretty small, usually reaching no more than 11 inches in length and weighing less than 20 lbs. This means their space requirements are slightly lesser than some larger species.
These tortoises are not fit to stay in colder environments. As such, you will need either to create a warm indoor enclosure for them all year round, or during spring and summer, a sun exposed outdoor enclosure.
The ideal temperature for a Hermann's enclosure is around 70℉-80F (21C-26C). Like all species, they should also have a basking spot and UVB light. Their enclosure will also need high walls, as they can climb and will actively do so given the opportunity.
When they reach three years old, Hermann's tortoises strongly benefit from hibernation. This will be for a few weeks for the first year or so, up to for 2 or 3 months once they reach adulthood. Once this period is over, you have to bring the enclosure to a warmer area so it can slowly heat up.
Their diet mostly consists of leafy greens, wild flowers and weeds, as well as the occasional bit of fruit as a treat.
 - Russian Tortoises
Russian tortoises are also fairly low maintenance, hence they are also commonly found as pets. They can live for over 75 years, so a slightly greater overall time commitment than Hermann's tortoises, but when it comes to their day to day care regime, things are relatively straightforward.
You can keep these tortoises indoors without issue. They do not necessarily need to hibernate, although they can do if you choose. If you keep them indoors in a warm environment, they will be active all the time. But if you keep them outdoors and temperatures get too low, they will naturally be drawn to hibernate. In order to do so, they'll need to be able to dig into the ground, so a natural, unpaved yard or garden is essential.
What makes Russians particularly great for beginners is the fact that they can adapt to different temperatures and environments more successfully than other breeds.
Like the Hermanns tortoise, Russians are also pretty small and also have a fun personality, which is what makes people fall in love with them. They need an 8-square feet enclosure, and their space should have a hot basking area, 30%-50% humidity, and UVB light.
 - Greek Tortoise
Greek tortoises (also known as Spur Thigh tortoises) are also great as pets. They can reach 10 inches in length, so they are a pretty small species that do well indoors. Overall, their lifespan is of at least 30 years or more, so they do require a substantial time commitment, although slightly less than some others.
An adult requires an enclosure of at least 4'x2' (1.2m x 0.6m) either outdoors or indoors. It's ideal that they have enough substrate so they can dig through it. They need a basking temperature of around 90-95°F (32-35 degrees C), and they also need a UV heat bulb.
These tortoises can hibernate, although it's again, it's not strictly necessary. They'll do so if the temperature drops too much, so you'll need to keep an eye on this.
The Greek tortoise diet consists of mixed grasses, spring mix lettuce, and weeds.
Which Breeds Are Not Low Maintenance?
While it's important to know which breeds are low-maintenance; knowing which require more maintenance is equally important. This way, you can rule them out if you're not ready for such a commitment.
The Indian Star Tortoise for instance is notoriously difficult to care for successfully. This sub tropical species requires an indoor vivarium or tortoise table, almost exclusively in colder climates, as keeping them warm is key. Because of this, basking bulbs with thermostats inside essential all year round, as is UVB lighting.
Being sub-tropical in origin Indian Stars need a reasonable degree of humidity which will need to be provided and monitored carefully.
The greatest difficulty with Indian stars is getting their living and feeding requirements just right. They are unfortunately highly prone to illness when things are out of balance, so taking care of them can be highly stressful if you don't know what you're doing!
Indian Star tortoises are known for the striking pattern on their shells
Leopard tortoises also require a lot of maintenance as despite being a larger species, you need to keep them indoors and have enough space for them to do so successfully. They may even take up a whole room! They grow up to 17-inches long and can weigh up to 40 pounds -not a small tortoise by any means.
Leopards need a basking temperature of 80-90°F (26-32 degrees C). Moist conditions are not ideal for them either. While they are herbivorous, their diet is a little different, as they eat grains, seeds, and nuts rather than grasses and greens, which may be more difficult to sustain in the long run, compared to the diet of a Hermann's or Greek tortoise for instance.
A Sulcata tortoise is also a challenge to take care of. As one of the largest tortoise breeds, it needs a LOT of space, preferably outdoors. Their ideal enclosure should have about 80 square feet (7.5 square metres). They also need ground material which is malleable enough for them to dig and burrow into (and a lot of it of course!)
Recent Posts


text:
Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo
Print version ISSN 0100-0683
SANTANA, Reynaldo Campos et al. Nutrient allocation in eucalypt plantations in Brazil. Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo [online]. 2008, vol.32, n.spe, pp. 2723-2733. ISSN 0100-0683. _URL_
Forest management practices can alter nutrient exportation from the site. The purpose of this study was to estimate nutrient contents in the aboveground biomass of eucalyptus plantations in Brazil. The influence of key climatic variables on eucalypt productivity and nutrient content was evaluated, using the database from the Reserch Programa on Soil and Eucalyptus Nutrition of the Soil Science, Departament - Federal University of Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Climatic characteristics were an important component of the models. In regions with low water availability the nutrient accumulation in aboveground biomass as well as biomass production were lower. The highest proportion of all nutrients (68 % N, 69 % P, 67 % K, 63 % Ca, and 68 % Mg) was accumulated in the biomass within 4.5 years after planting for harvesting after approximately 6.5 years. After 4.5 years, the potential of fertilizer response was lower. Canopy and stem bark together accounted for 65 % N, 70 % P, 64 % K, 79 % Ca, and 79 % Mg in the aboveground biomass. Debarking in the field can therefore substantially reduce nutrient exportation and contribute to a more sustainable production in eucalyptus plantations.
Keywords : Forest nutrition; biomass; macronutrients.


Chicco - Shapes and Sound Tambourine
Chicco - Shapes and Sound Tambourine
Harga biasa RM169.90 MYR Harga seunit per
Penghantaran dikira semasa daftar keluar.
-Dual-function toy which helps babies coordinate and refine their movements, developing their logical association and music awareness skills.
-Two modes of use: 1. electronic tambourine to be played with their hands or with the drum stick. 2. first slot-in blocks, with 3 different colored shapes to be inserted into the corresponding holes.
-Its particular shape also allows it to roll around, encouraging babies to crawl after it.
-Battery included (2x AA 1,5 V )


How to Paint Untextured Walls
Kittie McCoy
Painting an untextured wall might sound easy, but getting paint to stick to a smooth surface can be a challenge. Most drywall or plaster walls have at least a small amount of texture you can feel when you run your hand over the surface. Wall panels, however, can be perfectly smooth and even slick.
This slick surface can repel the paint and lead to an uneven texture or chips. Fortunately, you can paint an untextured wall with good results as long as you take the time to properly prepare it.
 1. Sand the walls lightly with 220-grit sandpaper. This will create a slight texture on the walls to help the paint adhere.
 2. Clean the walls with a sponge and soapy water made from a mild liquid soap and warm water. Rinse the walls with a sponge dampened in clean water and dry the walls thoroughly with a lint-free towel.
 3. Apply an alcohol-based primer to the walls with a short nap paint roller. These paint rollers are labeled as 1/8 to 1/4 inch and designed for smooth surfaces. Wait for the primer to dry.
 4. Paint the walls with an interior latex paint and a clean short nap paint roller. Wait for the first coat to dry and then apply a second coat of paint.
 5. Tip
 Apply the primer and paint to the walls in a diagonal pattern to create overlapping Ws or Ms. This will help ensure a smooth and even coat of paint.


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If you've never heard of cubic Hamiltonian graphs before then take a look at Christopher Manning's wonderful cubic Hamiltonian graph builder. No, really, do! We too had never heard of them and now we think they are the bee's knees!
But what is a cubic Hamiltonian graph, you ask? A graph, of course, is just a bunch of points (vertices) connected by lines (edges). A cubic graph is a graph where every vertex has 3 edges – that is, each vertex is connected to exactly three others in the graph. And a Hamiltonian graph is a graph which has a closed loop of edges (a cycle) that visits each vertex in the graph once and only once, (this is called a Hamiltonian cycle). So a cubic Hamiltonian graph is a graph where each vertex is joined to exactly three others and the graph has a cycle visiting each vertex exactly once.
What has made us so excited about cubic Hamiltonian graphs is watching Manning's cubic Hamiltonian graph builder in action. The builder starts from the Hamiltonian cycle in the graph. This loop of edges accounts for two out of the three edges for every vertex in the graph. The builder then starts adding in the third edge for each vertex, knitting the graph together before your eyes. The creation of a torus is particularly beautiful to watch.
Manning uses something called the LCF notation to build the graphs. This ingenious notation succinctly describes the structure of cubic Hamiltonian graphs by describing how you add the extra edge to each vertex by counting backwards or forwards around the Hamiltonian cycle. For example our torus has the LCF notation 150. This means that every vertex is joined to another 10 edges along the cycle, and this process is repeated 150 times, once for each vertex, to complete the graph. (The 1st vertex is joined to the 11th, the 2nd to the 12th, the 3rd to the 13th, and so on...)
A graph represented by the LCF notation [10,7,4,-4,-7,10,-4,7,-7,4]2 starts with a cycle of 20 vertices – inside the square brackets is a list of instructions for 10 edges, and these are repeated twice, giving the total number of extra edges, and therefore vertices, as 20. In this graph the 1st vertex is joined to the 11th (a distance of 10 edges), the 2nd to the 9th (a distance of 7), the 3rd to the 7th (a distance of 4), the 4th to the 20th (a distance of -4, or counting backwards 4 edges), the 5th to the 18th (distance of -7), and so on. This graph is knitted into a dodecahedron.
Watching Manning's program knit together these graphs is beautiful to watch. But this mathematics has many important uses as well. Not only are Hamiltonian cycles important mathematically, they also have many useful applications. You can read more about graphs on Plus, and about the role Hamiltonian cycles play in bell ringing and DNA analysis. And you can read more about Christopher Manning's work on his blog.


How To Grow Sodium Nitrate Crystals
Sodium Nitrate crystals
Vadim Sedov/Wikimedia Commons/CC by 4.0
Sodium nitrate is a common chemical, found in food, fertilizer, glass enamel, and pyrotechnics. Sodium nitrate, NaNO3, forms colorless hexagonal crystals. Although these crystals are a bit more challenging to grow than some of the beginner crystals, the interesting crystal structure makes them worth the effort. The crystal somewhat resembles calcite, exhibiting some of the same properties. Sodium nitrate crystals can be used to examine double refraction, cleavage, and glide.
Sodium Nitrate Crystal Growing Solution
 1. Dissolve 110 grams sodium nitrate per 100 ml hot water. This will be a supersaturated solution. One method of growing crystals is to allow this solution to cool in an undisturbed location and allow it to produce crystals as the liquid evaporates.
 2. Another method of growing this crystal is to grow a single crystal in a sealed container from a supersaturated solution. If you choose to follow this method, prepare the aforementioned solution, allow this solution to cool, then add a couple of grains of sodium nitrate and seal the container. The excess sodium nitrate will deposit on the grains, producing a saturated sodium nitrate solution. Allow a couple of days for this to occur.
 3. Pour off the saturated solution. Pour a small amount of this solution into a shallow dish. Allow the liquid to evaporate, to produce small seed crystals. Select a crystal or two for further growth.
 4. To prepare the supersaturated growing solution, to your existing solution add 3 grams of sodium nitrate per 100 ml of water in the original solution. So, if you prepared 300 ml of solution, you would add an extra 9 grams of sodium nitrate.
 5. Carefully add your seed crystal to this liquid. You can suspend the crystal from a nylon monofilament. A nylon monofilament or wire is used because it won't wick up the solution, causing evaporation.
 6. Seal the jar and allow the crystals to grow at a constant temperature, someplace they won't be disturbed. Sodium nitrate is very sensitive to temperature changes, so maintaining a constant temperature is important. If you have difficulty maintaining a temperature, you can place the sealed jar inside a water bath. If you don't see crystal growth after a few days, try lowering the temperature slightly.
mla apa chicago
Your Citation
Helmenstine, Anne Marie, Ph.D. "How To Grow Sodium Nitrate Crystals." ThoughtCo, Aug. 28, 2020, Helmenstine, Anne Marie, Ph.D. (2020, August 28). How To Grow Sodium Nitrate Crystals. Retrieved from Helmenstine, Anne Marie, Ph.D. "How To Grow Sodium Nitrate Crystals." ThoughtCo. (accessed August 5, 2021).
Watch Now: 3 Tips for Growing Sugar Crystals


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We investigated the asymptotics of two-dimensional steady solutions simulating the energy-conserving flow in a horizontal duct of finite depth in situations where the flow contains a region spanning the depth of the duct, and a region in which the fluid surface detaches from the ceiling of the duct as a free surface. These asymptotics are constructed using the local hydrostatic approximation, which generalizes the classical long-wave approximation. The initial (zero-order) asymptotics leading to the piecewise constant solutions are obtained from the mass, momentum, and energy conservation laws of the first approximation of shallow water theory. The first-order asymptotics for the liquid depth are constructed using the momentum conservation law of the Green-Nagdi model representing the second approximation of shallow water theory. It is shown that the continuous solution obtained from this asymptotics is in good agreement with the Wilkinson laboratory experiment [D. L. Wilkinson, "Motion of air cavities in long horizontal ducts,"J. Fluid Mech. 118, 109 (1982)] on modeling the energy-conserving steady flow predicted by the classical piecewise constant Benjamin solution [T. B. Benjamin, "Gravity currents and related phenomena,"J. Fluid Mech. 31, 209 (1968)].
- 2.11 OTHER ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGIES
- 1.03.UK PHYSICS, CONDENSED MATTER
- 1.03.UF PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS


PCI Scope
PCI Readiness Series: Scoping the Assessment
How to Scope a PCI Assessment
Knowing how to scope a PCI assessment is crucial to your organization's compliance. Defining a correct scope is the first and most important step. Scoping is so vital that assessors should not even begin the assessment until they have fully determined the scope. So, how does your organization determine if an asset is in scope? Any people, process, or technology that stores, processes, or transmits cardholder data is considered to be within your cardholder data environment and in scope for your PCI assessment. If your people, processes, or technology has the ability to impact the security of account data and sensitive authentication data, then your organization needs to have the appropriate controls applied in the appropriate places.
This webinar will help you understand why something would be considered out of scope. For an asset to be considered out of scope, there must be absolutely no connectivity to the cardholder data environment; it must have no ability to impact the security of the data.
This webinar will also help you to understand topics such as:
 - Defining the scope and the cardholder data environment
 - Determining what is considered out of scope
 - Identifying what documents an assessor will collect and review during a PCI assessment
 - Discussion on how wireless networks affect scope
 - Discussing on the impact of sampling
Whether it be ePHI, cardholder data, financial information, or any other type of data, you need to understand where your assets reside and what controls you have in place to protect them. If you don't know where your assets are, how do you expect to them?
To learn more about scoping a PCI assessment, watch the full webinar, watch Establishing Scope, or contact us today.


text:
A viewer asked "Todd, why does fog form so often on fall mornings?"
That's a great question! And remember, fog is actually just a cloud that forms close to the ground. The ingredients needed for it tend to come together during the long, cool nights of fall.
Autumn days can still get relatively warm, with plenty of invisible water vapor in the air. Clear, lengthening nights allow the air to become saturated as it cools to the dew point temperature.
Fog forms from the ground up, becoming thickets around dawn.
After sunrise, heating from the sun and the mixing of higher altitude winds down to the Earth's surface help to dissipate fog layers.


Project Feed
Now having learnt what a feed does in Zoho Projects, we shall see how you can check the feed across projects and within a project. If you have missed to learn what a feed is, you can refer to this page first and then come here to know how to access project feed.
How do I...
What else can I do with the feed in Zoho Projects?
Check Feed Across Projects
 1. Navigate to theFeed tab in the top band to check the feed across projects in your company.
 2. By default, the feed will be loaded with the latest activities that are happening by then. You can find them under the Feed section.
 3. Click Status to look into the statuses posted recently by your peers.
 4. Click Activity Stream to have a track on your peers' activities on a daily basis and to know who is doing what. You can also go to a specific timeline to check upon someone's activity here.
 - Click the user profile in the feed to view all the activities of the user
 - You can send a direct message to or chat or follow the user
Check Feed for a Specific Project
 1. Click Projects in the top band and navigate to the project for which you would like to check the feed.
 2. Click the Feed module in the left panel.
 3. Check the latest activities that happened in that specific project in the default Feed section.
 - Click the Status and Activity Stream tabs to check the recent statuses and the latest activities of the project users respectively
Quick Add Work Items
You can quickly post a status; add a task; create a milestone; upload a document to a project; post a forum; schedule an event; and submit bugs from the feed. Quick-add is possible both within a project and across projects. Click Feed in the top band to add a work item quickly or navigate to a specific project and do it.
 1. Type in your Status. To mention or tag someone in the status, prefix the '@' symbol before their name. To tag bugs, prefix '#' to the bug name.
 2. Select the project in which the status has to be posted to.
 3. Click Submit.
 1. Enter the Task Name.
 2. Attach files if needed. You can also use the screengrabber to do it.
 3. Select a project in which the task that you are creating should be mapped to.
 4. Select a Tasklist name.
 5. Click to assign users and set followers for the task.
 6. Click to set the start and end dates for the task.
 7. Click to set the priority for the task.
 8. Click Submit.
 1. Enter a Milestone Name.
 2. Select a project in which the milestone has to be mapped to.
 3. Click to assign users to the milestone.
 4. Click Submit.
 1. Drag and drop the document that you would like to upload or use the screengrabber to capture, highlight, and share screenshots live here.
 2. Select the project to which the document has to be uploaded.
 3. Select the Folder under which the document has to be moved to.
 4. Click Submit.
 1. Give a name for your forum.
 2. Enter the forum Content.
 3. Attach files that support the forum content.
 4. Select a Project Name in which the forum has to be posted.
 5. Select a relevant Category as well.
 6. Click Submit.
 1. Name your Event.
 2. Set its schedule.
 3. Enter the Duration and Location.
 4. Select the project for which the event is scheduled.
 5. Click to set the participants of the event.
 6. Click Submit.
 1. Enter a Bug Title.
 2. Give a Description of the bug if possible.
 3. Attach screenshots of the bug.
 4. Select a project under which the bug has to be assigned.
 5. Click to assign users to resolve the bug.
 6. Click to set the Start and End Date to close the bug.
 7. Click Submit.
Update or Modify the status of the Work Items
In the feed section, you can modify a work item's status according to its context. i.e, When a task is updated, you can complete it from the feed itself; when a task is completed already, you can reopen it from the feed itself. That's how it works. The following screenshot is an example to help you understand this case.
Helen Collins completes a task at 2:44pm and the menu says Click to open.
Whereas, she updates the completion percentage for another task at 2:51pm and its menu says Mark as complete.


Improved API
We just released a major update to our API and command-line client, making it much easier to integrate video builds into your own software or delivery pipeline.
For example, you can set up a CI step to deploy your application and take screen-shots of key pages, then use Narakeet to include the latest look and feel of your application into explainer videos automatically. Another common use-case for Narakeet video automation is to create several versions of a single video, for example in different languages.
Until today, integrating with our API required hosting assets yourself, which was a big barrier for many people. Our new API supports uploading files directly to Narakeet, and building directly from files on your local disk. Here is a quick example: the following command will create a video from the local directory called my-video-project, with the main video script in video.txt inside that directory.
narakeet-api-client \
 --repository-type local-dir \
 --repository my-video-project \
 --source video.txt \
 --api-key $API_KEY
For more information on how to use the Narakeet API, check out Automating video production.
For information on the command-line client tool, check out Using the Narakeet Command-line Tool.


text:
Samsung second-generation eye mouse significantly enhances ease-of-use for people with disabilities
Samsung Electronics today introduced its second-generation eye mouse that allows people with disabilities to compose and edit documents as well as browse the web through simple eye movement. EYECAN+ is the first of its kind, as it does not require users to wear any device, such as glasses. Instead, EYECAN+ is a single-unit, portable box that sits below the monitor, and works by wirelessly calibrating with the user's eye. EYECAN+ requires the user to be situated between 60cm and 70cm from the monitor, and does not require the user to be in any specific position, as it can be used while seated or lying down.
Calibration is only required for first-time users, as EYECAN+ will remember each user's eye characteristics. Users can also adjust the sensitivity of EYECAN+ for both calibration and actual use. Once calibrated, the EYECAN+ user interface (UI) will appear as a pop-up menu in one of two different modes, rectangular menu board or floating menu wheel, both of which contain 18 different commands. Both menu types can be configured to remain at the fore of the screen. The use of all 18 commands solely requires eye movement and blinking, and each command can be selected by looking directly at the relevant icon and blinking once.
The 18 commands include "copy," "paste" and "select all," as well as "drag and drop," "scroll" and "zoom in." Additional custom commands can also be created to include existing keystroke commands, such as "close program" ("Alt+F4") and "print" ("Ctrl+P"). While Samsung will not commercialize EYECAN+, the company will manufacture a limited quantity to donate to charity organizations. Both the technology and design of EYECAN+ will soon be made open source, and made accessible to companies and organizations that wish to commercialize the eye mouse.


Te Kete Ipurangi Navigation:
Te Kete Ipurangi
Te Kete Ipurangi user options:
Cut a recipe into strips to make a strip-story task and ask the students to collectively order the steps/instructions. Give each student one step/instruction to read and then memorise. Once they have memorised the steps/instructions, collect the strips and get them to work together to sort out the correct order. To make the task easier, let the students keep the written instructions while they are putting them in order.
A strip story for making a cup of drinking chocolate is on resource sheet 3.5.
Extension. A more difficult variation is to cut each strip in half so that each student starts with just half a strip. The students have to join the halves together before they can reconstruct the whole recipe.
A variation for younger or less confident students is to include picture clues that illustrate the words (with written instructions on separate strips from the matching pictures). Their task is to negotiate with their peers, match the words to the pictures, and reconstruct the recipe.
You can turn dialogues about food into strip stories, for example, a mealtime conversation.
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text:
How do Georgians depend on forests?
A Forest Landscape Restoration project in three pilot areas in Georgia reveals that villages in higher altitude tend to depend more on forest products. The project was started in January 2012 by IUCN and is funded by the German International Cooperation, GIZ.
In Georgia, forest land occupies just over three million hectares which is about 40% of the country's territory. Forests play an essential role in the economic and social life of the country. People depend on their surrounding resources for subsistence aspects of their daily life – for food, water, fuel, building materials such as timber for house-building, and so on. Many economic activities are also based on natural resources.
One of the purposes of the Forest Landscape Restoration project by IUCN is to define the level and scope of human dependency on forests and identify and evaluate the factors which influence the relationship between people and their natural resource base.
In Georgia, the project is implemented through field surveys among the local population. The pilot sites were selected based on previous work in the framework of the ENPI FLEG Programme by IUCN, as well as based on their specific characteristics. Field surveys were carried out in three regions: Village Jebota (Tianeti Municipality), Village Zemo Alvani (Akhmeta Municipality) and Village Tsagveri (Borjomi Municipality). 140 households were interviewed to identify various models and scales of dependency of local population on forest resources.
The field survey revealed the following usage of forest resources by local people:
- The villages located in the low land area, with relatively mild climate and availability of diverse agricultural products are less dependent on forest resources.
- The villages located on a higher altitude, with less arable land and less favorable climatic conditions are more dependent on forest resources.
The dependency on forest resources includes intensive usage of timber forest resources mainly as fire-wood and usage of non-timber forest resources, but in relatively low scales. Natural gas as an alternative energy supply is available in two (out of three) pilot villages, but due to high cost it is used only for cooking.
The main source for heating remains fire-wood.
The final reports for all three pilot sites will soon be available.


text:
The Healer's Art Program is a national program offered by the Remen Institute for the Study of Health and Illness (RISHI) that enables medical students to learn how to provide compassionate care and build resilience through reflection, discussions, and story-telling. Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine (WSU-BSOM) administers the program.
The Remen Insitute for the Study of Health and Illness at Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine
- A diversity of studies have shown that medical students suffer from high levels burnout, which often contributes to a perceived lack of empathy and decreased professionalism.
- To prevent burnout, Rachel Naomi Remen, MD originated the course in 1991 while at the University of California San Francisco.
- She designed the course to aid students to build resiliency and reflect on the importance of compassionate care at a time when physicians were experiencing a loss of meaning and commitment to their work.
- Healer's Art is one of several projects coordinated by RISHI and is usually implemented at 70-80 medical schools.
- This program utilizes a reflection-based and story-telling curriculum to optimize medical student education surrounding compassionate care.
- Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine (WSU-BSOM), like many medical schools, is aware that students and practicing physicians experience burnout and professional dissatisfaction.
- By offering the Healer's Art Program to its firstand second-year students, WSU-BSOM hopes to preempt dissatisfaction.
- WSU-BSOM houses RISHI and offers the course to domestic and international medical schools by training faculty on how to implement this program at their medical school.
Patient Population Served and Payor Information
- At WSU-BSOM, the class includes 480 total students with a male/female ratio of 45.4%/54.6%. Underrepresented minorities also make up 20.4% of total enrollment.
- Medical students that participate in Healer's Art Program at other medical schools represent the diversity of their medical schools.
- Students at osteopathic, physician assistant, physical therapy and veterinary programs can also receive this curriculum.
- The curriculum is now administered at the Boonshoft School of Medicine and overseen by the Department of Medical Education.
- Course Co-Directors at WSU-BSOM include Dr. Dean Parmelee, Dr. Evangeline Andarsio, Dr. S. Bruce Binder, Dr. John Donnelly.
- Academic medical school funding
Research + Planning
- The support of a dean or associate dean is necessary to introduce the Healer's Art Course into a medical school's firstor second-year curriculum.
- After gaining support, faculty then need to attend an intensive training at RISHI to learn how to deliver the course.
- To ensure that the course meets its objectives, the Center for the Study of the Healer's Art (CSHA) conducts ongoing evaluations using faculty and student feedback.
Tools or Products Developed
- The Healer's Art curriculum: This curriculum was initially developed in 1991 and served as the basis of the course at WSU-BSOM.
- The 15-hour course teaches:
- Relationship forming between the physician and patient and between physicians and colleagues
- Academic and community faculty members must attend a training workshop at RISHI to learn how to implement and sustain the Healer's Art Program at their own institution.
Team Members Involved
- The participating students at Boonshoft School of Medicine have the option to take the course, although it does not confer any academic credits.
- The course is structured as 3-hours sessions that meets bi-weekly :
- Session One: "Discovering and Nurturing Your Wholeness"
- Session Two: "Sharing Grief and Honoring Loss"
- Session Three: "Group Conversation"
- Session Four: "Beyond Analysis: Allowing Awe in Medicine"
- Session Five: "The Care of the Soul: Service as a Way of Life"
- Students engage in topics regarding the loss of life, comforting patients, and personal-reflection through discussions and meditation. Each session reinforces previous sessions.
- Upon completion, students receive a comprehensive letter from the course directors that is incorporated into their final Medical Student Performance Evaluation.
- Cost of membership and licensing fee to offer this copyrighted course
- Cost of course materials
- Cost of labor for educators running the sessions
- Cost of faculty training at RISHI
Where We Are
The Healer's Art was incorporated into the Boonshoft School of Medicine curriculum in 2004, and the program is ongoing.
- An evaluation of the Healer's Art program that had 489 student and 88 faculty respondents found:
- students (65.7%) and faculty (75.0%) use content from the course in their profession
- students found the course to be of high quality (average 4.47 on a 5-point scale)
- students (average 4.59 on a 5-point scale) and faculty (4.76 on a 5-point scale) perceived that the course provided content that is not present in the rest of the curriculum
- The Healer's Art has provided space and multiple outlets for students to reflect on compassionate care and self-resiliency.
- The course is now taught at more than 70 medical schools in the US and abroad.
- Brazeau, C. M., Schroeder, R., Rovi, S., & Boyd, L. (2010). Relationships between medical student burnout, empathy, and professionalism climate. Academic Medicine, 85(10), S33-S36.
- Dyrbye, L. N., Thomas, M. R., Harper, W., Massie Jr, F. S., Power, D. V., Eacker, A., … & Shanafelt, T. D. (2009). The learning environment and medical student burnout: a multicentre study. Medical education, 43(3), 274-282.
- Remen RN, Rabow MW. The Healer's Art: professionalism, service and mission. Med Educ. 2005;39(11):1167–1168. doi:10.1111/j._PHONE_.2005.02296.x
- WSU-BSOM. (2019, November 14). Facts at a glance. Retrieved from _URL_
- WSU-BSOM. (2019, July 24). Healer's art course. Retrieved from _URL_


text:
A leak on a premises can be identified in several ways, for example, the wholesaler's network monitoring or through observed abnormalities in consumption values.
A leak on a property may require either physical access to the property by the wholesaler or the wholesaler may provide a leakage notice to the customer.
Obligations under the codes
Leakages are governed largely outside of the codes. However, retailers can request a volumetric adjustment to a customer's charge as a result of a burst or leak. Process H1 of the Operational Terms describes this in greater detail.


HomeAdvice Centre Ford Models Ford Focus Ford Focus Road Costs Ford Focus ST-Line and ST Fuel Consumption
Ford Focus ST-Line and ST Fuel Consumption
There are multiple factors to consider when buying a new or used car that will likely affect its initial price point as well as any other costs that may be incurred later in its lifetime. Fuel cost is one recurring cost that is often subject to change and is often dependent on the car and its fuel consumption, it can also have an impact on the CO2 emissions of your car so it's an important factor to consider.
Whether you're buying a used or new Ford Focus, being aware of the ongoing costs may have an impact on the model you choose to buy.
This guide is intended to provide an overview of the Ford Focus ST and ST-Line, with the aim being to provide an informed decision when comparing these models to other vehicles on the market.
In this guide:
Learn more about the impact that fuel consumption can have on the ongoing running costs of your new or used car.
Find out more about the fuel consumption rates for the Ford Focus ST range.
Find out more about the fuel consumption rates for the Ford Focus ST-Line range.
Learn more about the key differences between the Ford Focus ST and Ford Focus ST-Line
Fuel consumption impact on running costs
Fuel consumption makes up a large portion of the running costs for a vehicle. In most cases, it will be the largest ongoing running cost, especially for older models. The average UK household spends 14% of its total budget on fuel, totalling up to around £1,100.
The amount of fuel that a car uses, whether diesel or petrol, is known as its fuel consumption. Many different variables contribute to a given car's fuel consumption from the design of the vehicle chassis to the size of its engine and your driving style. The more energy a vehicle can utilise from its fuel, the more fuel efficient it is.
This is then measured in terms of how far the car can travel in miles for every gallon in the tank, often written as MPG (miles per gallon). The higher the MPG, the better, as it means fewer refuelling stops and more money saved.
Ford Focus ST fuel consumption
The Ford Focus ST is a hatchback that comes with increased performance with a top speed of 155mph, as well as a sport mode. There are two options available for the engine in the form of a 2.3 litre petrol or 2.0 litre diesel engine.
The turbocharged petrol engine can be extremely thirsty when really put to the test and driven fast. However, when driven normally, it achieves an average of 34 MPG, bringing it to the same level as the UK average. This is, in part, due to the EcoBoost Ford engine technology which only injects the right amount of fuel into the engine when it is needed.
The 2.0 litre diesel ST model does manage to squeeze more out of the tank than its petrol-fuelled counterpart. This comes in at around 50 MPG which is close to 20% above the average for a modern diesel car.
Fuel consumption for Ford Focus ST-Line
The Ford Focus ST-Line is a less powerful version of the ST but still comes with all the sporty exterior trim and details. Due to the smaller engine, the ST-Line can be pushed further in terms of fuel consumption and efficiency at the cost of a top speed of 130mph compared to 150mph for the ST.
The petrol version is, again, powered by Ford's EcoBoost petrol engine and can produce around 50-54 MPG. The much smaller 1.0 litre engine is the reason for this dramatic increase when compared to the sportier Ford Focus ST.
As can be expected, the diesel-fuelled ST-Line squeezes yet more MPG from the engine, with an official rating of 54-58 MPG for the 1.5L. and 57-60 MPG for the 2.0L versions. This makes it the most fuel-efficient of the entire new Ford Focus range, making it a popular choice.
Differences between Ford Focus ST/ST-Line
The differences between a used or new Focus ST and ST-Line in terms of MPG are clear, with a near doubling of mileage gains from the fuel that's put into the tank, whether it's petrol or diesel.
For those wanting the additional power and performance, then the Ford Focus ST is a reliable and easily maintained choice. However, for those who are looking to reduce fuel costs but keep the same reliability, the ST-Line will provide more value. The Ford Focus ST-Line is the best choice when it comes to fuel efficiency so if you want a Ford Focus model with lower ongoing costs, this is the car for you.
These differences are not only important for fuel economy but also for vehicle taxation. The ST-Line will incur a higher tax cost simply due to the fuel type, larger engine size and increased CO2 output, all of which are a factor when calculating standing vehicle tax.
In summary
As we have already mentioned, fuel cost is the most significant of all the standing costs of a vehicle over the course of its lifetime. As the car depreciates over time, the efficiency of its engine will reduce.
By buying a car with an efficient engine, that depreciation will be mitigated and the value gained from owning a vehicle that can travel further for less will be maintained. This means that initial cost benefit calculations from fuel savings will stay true for longer when factoring in time and use wearing the engine out.
To talk to our team of experts about your options when it comes to the Ford Focus ST and ST-Line or to find your nearest TC Harrison Ford dealer, please contact us today.


Using Liquibase with SQLite
SQlite is a relational database management system that implements a small, fast, and self-contained embedded SQL database engine.
Supported Versions
 - 3.X
Before using Liquibase and SQLite, ensure you have completed the following:
Driver Information
To use Liquibase and SQLite, you must install the JDBC driver:
 1. Download the sqlite-jdbc-.jar file for a version of SQLite that is supported by Liquibase. You can also download this jar from Maven's central repository.
 2. Place the sqlite-jdbc-.jar file in the liquibase/lib directory.
 3. Note: If you put the sqlite-jdbc-.jar file in any other directory, specify the path to it in the file: classpath:../path_to_drivers/sqlite-jdbc-.jar.
 4. Open your file and specify the driver value in it:
 5. driver: org.sqlite.JDBC
If you use Maven, add the following XML fragments to your Maven pom.xml file:
Maven will use this information to download the SQLite JDBC library from Maven's central repository into your local repository.
Testing Your Connection
For Liquibase and SQLite to work, you need to:
 1. Ensure your SQLite database is configured. You can use sqlite3 commands like.databases and.show to check the status of the database.
 2. Specify the database URL in your file:
 3. url: jdbc:sqlite:example.db
 4. Create a changelog file called dbchangelog (.xml,.sql,.json, or.yaml) in your project directory and add a changeset to it.
 1. Specify your changelog in the file. It should look like this:
 2. changeLogFile: dbchangelog.xml
 url: jdbc:sqlite:example.db
 driver: org.sqlite.JDBC
 Note: By default, SQLite databases do not require authentication, so the username and password attributes do not have to be specified. For more information, see SQLite User Authentication.
 3. Run the status command to see whether the connection is successful. This will create a database called example.db in your project folder if it does not already exist.
 4. liquibase --changeLogFile=dbchangelog.xml status
 Note: If you did not specify any properties in your file, they must be passed into the command line as attributes.
 5. You can preview any database changes you want to make using the updateSQL command, which will compare your changelog to your database and display the SQL needed to add your undeployed changesets. Then run your first database update with the update command.
 6. liquibase --changeLogFile=dbchangelog.xml updateSQL
 liquibase --changeLogFile=dbchangelog.xml update
 After your first update, you will see a new table along with the DATABASECHANGELOG and DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK tables added to the database:
 - DATABASECHANGELOG table. This table keeps a record of all the changesets that were deployed. When you deploy, the changesets in the changelog are compared with the DATABASECHANGELOG tracking table, and only the new changesets that were not found in the DATABASECHANGELOG will be deployed.
 - DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK table. This table is used internally by Liquibase to manage access to the DATABASECHANGELOG table during deployment and ensure only one instance of Liquibase is updating the database at a time, whether that is creating, updating, or deleting changes.
Related Links


Tips for Using a Rubber Float With Grout
grout float on tile
 Tim Stocker Photography / Getty Images
Anyone who has successfully laid a tile floor or wall knows the satisfaction of a neat tile job. To take a stack of fired ceramic sheets and stick them in place with wet mortar is something approaching magic.
Once you master the skill of tiling, you'll want to tile every part of your house. And the crowning touch of all tile installations is the application of grout. Knowing how to use a rubber float with the grout means the difference between a clean tile job that lasts for years, even decades, and a tile job that cracks and eventually falls apart.
Why Use a Rubber Grout Float?
Grouting is an important part of any tile installation. Grout fills the spaces between tiles, called grout joints, to create a continuous surface.
At first glance, the most logical way to add grout would be to squirt it into the seams, as you already do when caulking other areas of your house. Not so. The way grout is applied is more of the shotgun approach rather than the laser-targeted approach. Large mounds of wet grout are scooped into the entire tire surface—seams and tile surfaces alike. Then, the grout is wiped across the tile. Grout embeds in the tile seams but not on the tile surface. Excess is picked up and redeposited elsewhere on the tile.
The only way to apply grout properly is by using a rubber grout float, which consists of a rectangular non-stick gum rubber or soft nylon pad that is firm but flexible and which prevents the absorption of materials.
The user holds the float with a C-shaped handle. The process of grouting with a float includes filling the joints with freshly mixed grout and scraping the tiles clean of excess grout. It is a simple yet elegant technique that has served tile setters for centuries and it's still used today.
Choose the Right Float: Wall or Floor
Rubber grout floats come in two types: wall floats and floor floats. The chief difference is that wall floats have softer rubber pads than floor floats, which can be quite stiff.
Wall floats are generally easier to use and are better for reaching into corners, so they are a better all-around choice for beginner tilers. The tools you find at the store may not indicate whether they should be used for walls or for floors. Some may be called a universal float.
Compare the softness of the pads to identify the type. Sometimes it is worth spending a little extra for a quality float, especially if you have a large tile job or if you plan to tile other rooms.
Move the Float Diagonally
As a general rule, almost always move the grout float diagonally over the grout joints. This prevents the edge of the float from sinking into the joints and pulling out the grout.
Sometimes you have to work parallel to joints, such as when grouting along the edge of a wall or floor, but do so with care. Otherwise, sweep the float diagonally.
Use a Lower Angle for Filling
Fill the grout joints by spreading the grout across the tiles while holding the float at an angle of about 45 degrees to the tile surface. This is the standard for floor tile. A higher angle might pull out too much grout from the seams, while a lower angle will smear the grout across the tiles.
When tiling walls, you may find a lower angle (about 30 degrees) more effective for filling the joints.
You can also reduce the angle if you reach a problem section that doesn't seem to be taking the grout very well.
Use a Steeper Angle for Cleaning
When all grout joints in a work area have been filled, make a second pass with the float to remove excess grout from the tile faces. This time, hold the float at a steep angle of about 80 to 85 degrees—almost straight up and down. When working carefully, a steep angle can clean the tiles without pulling grout from the joints.
Leave the Grout Haze For Later
A rubber grout float does a nice job of scraping the excess grout from the tile faces, but it cannot make the tiles perfectly clean. It usually leaves a film of chalky grout residue that you clean up with a grout sponge after the grout has set.
Your cleaning pass with the float should remove all blobs and chunks of grout, but you can leave the haze for later. Clean off the grout haze with a special solution called haze cleaner applied with a clean sponge.