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Dream interpretation, particularly from an Islamic perspective, can be a confusing topic. Did you know that in Islam, white flowers are often seen as symbols of joy and purity? This article will guide you through the diverse interpretations and meanings of dreaming about white flowers within Islamic culture and dream analysis — demystifying its symbolic significance.
Dive in to discover what your dreams might be telling you!
- White flowers symbolize joy and benefits in Islamic dream interpretation, representing purity, innocence, and faith.
- Dreaming of white flowers can indicate happy events coming your way and peace in your future.
- White flowers in dreams are often associated with purity, innocence, and a deep connection to spirituality.
White Flowers in Islamic Dream Interpretation
Symbolize joy and benefits
White flowers in a dream bring joy and good things. In Islam, they stand for happy events coming your way. They may mean you will get a gift or have success at work. If you see white flowers in your dreams, it can hint about peace and calm times ahead.
Represent purity, innocence, and faith
White flowers hold deep symbolic meanings in Islamic dream interpretation. They are often associated with purity, innocence, and faith. Seeing white flowers in a dream can signify the presence of these qualities within oneself or in others.
It represents a sense of untainted goodness and spiritual purity. White is considered a color of holiness and virtue in Islam, and dreaming of white flowers can be seen as a reflection of one's sincere devotion to God and adherence to moral values.
This symbolism highlights the importance of maintaining a pure heart and staying faithful to one's beliefs in the face of challenges or temptations.
Possible Meanings of Dreaming of White Flowers
Dreaming of white flowers in Islamic dream interpretation can have several possible meanings. Firstly, it may symbolize purity and innocence. White is often associated with cleanliness and goodness, so dreaming of white flowers could indicate a desire for purity or a need to maintain one's innocence.
Secondly, dreaming of white flowers may represent faith and spirituality. Flowers are often seen as signs of beauty and growth, so dreaming of white flowers could signify a strong connection to one's religious beliefs or a deepening sense of spirituality.
Lastly, dreaming of white flowers could also suggest joy and benefits in the dreamer's life. Just like how real-life flowers bring happiness and positivity, dreaming about them can symbolize the presence of good things happening or coming into the dreamer's life.
Overall, when someone dreams about white flowers in an Islamic perspective, it can be interpreted as representing purity, innocence, faithfulness, joyfulness,and potential blessings or benefits in their life journey that lie ahead.
In Islamic dream interpretation, white flowers symbolize joy, benefits, purity, innocence, and faith. Dreaming of white flowers could represent these positive qualities in one's life or signify a deep connection to spirituality.
Understanding the symbolic meanings of flowers can provide insights into our dreams and help us navigate their significance in Islam.
1. What does it mean to dream of white flowers in Islam?
In Islamic dream interpretation, dreaming of white flowers can symbolize joy, benefits, faith and innocence.
2. How are red flowers seen in Islamic dream meanings?
Dreaming of red flowers in Islam may link to the dreamer's woman or a gay type woman.
3. What is the symbolism of planting white flowers in dreams?
Planting white flowers in dreams could mean you are creating purity and high energy experiences due to their symbolic meaning in Islam.
4. Does kissing a virtuous woman or seeing garlands made from white flower hold any meaning in dreams?
Yes, these types of dreams have significant meanings related to joy and benefits within traditional Islamic dream analysis.
5. Is there significance given to temporary dreams about flowers according to interpretations of dreams In Islam?
Yes, all kinds themes including temporary ones have defined meanings under the authenticity rules for interpreting dreams within an Islamic perspective.
6. Are symbols found only with color changes or type choices when looking at flower symbolism within an Islamic context?
No! There are many ways that flower symbolism applies beyond just color or breed variance within the realm collective wisdom known as "Islamic Symbolism Of Flowers.
blog. With a lifelong fascination for the nocturnal narratives that play out in our minds, Josh has dedicated years to understanding the intricate tapestries of dreams and their profound meanings. His passion for dream interpretation is not just academic; it's deeply personal. Each article penned by him is a testament to his commitment to helping others unlock the mysteries that lie within their subconscious.
From the most vivid nightmares to the most whimsical daydreams, Josh believes that every dream has a story to tell and a lesson to impart. Drawing from a rich blend of cultural, historical, and psychological insights, he deciphers these nightly tales, offering readers a unique perspective that bridges the gap between the mystical and the scientific.
When he's not unraveling the secrets of the dream realm, Josh can be found with a book on dream theories, attending workshops, or simply gazing at the stars, pondering the vastness of the universe and the dreams it might hold.
Join Josh on this captivating journey and discover what your dreams are trying to tell you.


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This is a 1930 Penny that you would be proud to show your family and friends and is a truly attractive example of Australia's most famous copper rarity.
Presented in a handsome black presentation case.
Melbourne Mint records reveal that the 1930 Penny was never struck.
And while many theories have been put forward as to how it was inadvertently minted and released into circulation, no one really knows how and why. What is known is that its striking was an accident that was discovered by collectors in the 1940s.
That the 1930 Penny underwent at least ten years of circulation before it was discovered means that surviving examples show wear. The coins were used. With the majority, very well used.
How soon into its life the 1930 Penny became a collectable, and was taken out of circulation, determines its price.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Hours of Study
Our study program is serious and intensive, yet is structured to allow for regular study on-line while also working or fulfilling other responsibilities. It is ideal for those who like self-study, yet desire a certain structure and guidance along the way.
The first three levels of Romantic Science set the foundations for later study. They represent the equivalent of approximately 2 years of post-secondary, college-level study, roughly about 1800 hours of study-equivalent.
Each of the specific streams of RomanticScience Healthcare represent a further 2000 hours of study time. In addition each Clinical Internship is approximately 1500 hours of training.
Completion of a Medicine or Regimen Practitioner Program is roughly equivalent to a four-year college diploma. This represents a significant achievement. Our students are justifiably proud of their certificates and diplomas.
However, study is structured so that this can be done over time, at your pace and while also working or practicing. Once you have achieved a practitioner level diploma in one stream, you can start a practice while continuing to work on furthering your studies and training.
 - Romantic Healthcare
Explore a World of Possibilities
© 2013 by HCH. Created with Wix.com
Telephone: _PHONE_


"Indal" Surname
Frequency of "Indal" Surname in the US
2000 US Census
1990 US Census
Accoring to the US Census Bureau, "Indal" ranked #83,450 in frequency out of 88,799 surnames for which statistics were released from the 1990 Census.
"Indal" Graves on Histopolis
Histopolis currently has 0 grave(s) with the surname "Indal".
Resource Links for "Indal"
Surnames that Sound Like "Indal"
The surname "Indal" has a Soundex code of I534. The following 30 surname(s) may sound similar to "Indal" since they share the same Soundex code.


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Why Engineering Mechanics Equilibrium of a Particle?
In this section you can learn and practice Engineering Mechanics Questions based on "Equilibrium of a Particle" and improve your skills in order to face the interview, competitive examination and various entrance test (CAT, GATE, GRE, MAT, Bank Exam, Railway Exam etc.) with full confidence.
Where can I get Engineering Mechanics Equilibrium of a Particle questions and answers with explanation?
IndiaBIX provides you lots of fully solved Engineering Mechanics (Equilibrium of a Particle) questions and answers with Explanation. Solved examples with detailed answer description, explanation are given and it would be easy to understand. All students, freshers can download Engineering Mechanics Equilibrium of a Particle quiz questions with answers as PDF files and eBooks.
Where can I get Engineering Mechanics Equilibrium of a Particle Interview Questions and Answers (objective type, multiple choice)?
Here you can find objective type Engineering Mechanics Equilibrium of a Particle questions and answers for interview and entrance examination. Multiple choice and true or false type questions are also provided.
How to solve Engineering Mechanics Equilibrium of a Particle problems?
You can easily solve all kind of Engineering Mechanics questions based on Equilibrium of a Particle by practicing the objective type exercises given below, also get shortcut methods to solve Engineering Mechanics Equilibrium of a Particle problems.
The joint O of a space frame is subjected to four forces. Strut OA lies in the x-y plane and strut OB lies in the y-z plane. Determine the force acting in each if the three struts required for equilibrium of the joint. Set = 45°.
A "scale" is constructed with a 4-ft-long cord and the 10-lb block D. The cord is fixed to a pin at A and passes over two small pulleys at B and C. Determine the weight of the suspended block E if the system is in equilibrium when s = 1.5 ft.
Determine the tension developed in cables OD and OB and the strut OC, required to support the 500-lb crate. The spring OA has an unstretched length of 0.2 ft and a stiffness of kOA = 350lb/ft. The force in the strut acts along the axis of the strut.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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VDO is software that provides inline block-level deduplication, compression, and thin provisioning capabilities for primary storage. VDO installs within the Linux device mapper framework, where it takes ownership of existing physical block devices and remaps these to new, higher-level block devices with data-efficiency properties. Specifically, VDO can multiply the effective capacity of these devices by ten or more. These benefits require additional system resources, so it is therefore necessary to measure VDO's impact on system performance.
Storage vendors undoubtedly have existing in-house test plans and expertise that they use to evaluate new storage products. Since the VDO layer helps to identify deduplication and compression, different tests may be required. An effective test plan requires studying the VDO architecture and exploring these items:
VDO-specific configurable properties (performance tuning end-user applications)
Impact of being a native 4 KB block device
Response to access patterns and distributions of deduplication and compression
Performance in high-load environments (very important)
Analyze cost vs. capacity vs. performance, based on application
Failure to consider such factors up front has created situations that have invalidated certain tests and required customers to repeat testing and data collection efforts.
31.1.1. Expectations and Deliverables
This Evaluation Guide is meant to augment, not replace, a vendor's internal evaluation effort. With a modest investment of time, it will help evaluators produce an accurate assessment of VDO's integration into existing storage devices. This guide is designed to:
Help engineers identify configuration settings that elicit optimal responses from the test device
Provide an understanding of basic tuning parameters to help avoid product misconfigurations
Create a performance results portfolio as a reference to compare against "real" application results
Identify how different workloads affect performance and data efficiency
Expedite time-to-market with VDO implementations
The test results will help Red Hat engineers assist in understanding VDO's behavior when integrated into specific storage environments. OEMs will understand how to design their deduplication and compression capable devices, and also how their customers can tune their applications to best use those devices.
Be aware that the procedures in this document are designed to provide conditions under which VDO can be most realistically evaluated. Altering test procedures or parameters may invalidate results. Red Hat Sales Engineers are available to offer guidance when modifying test plans.


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I am trying to convert UTM to a latlong point. To get that done I need to know the zone where the UTM coordinates are. how can I find the zone from UTM?. the place coordinates that I work on lay on zone 39 and 40.
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2 Answers 2
up vote 3 down vote accepted
In general, you cannot determine the zone from the coordinates: that's why the zone is needed!
In your case, though, it sounds like you are looking within a small area that straddles neighboring zones. In that case, locations in zone 39 will have large positive x-values and locations in zone 40 will have negative or small positive x-values: that's how you can tell them apart. This approach will work provided your area does not extend more than six degrees in longitude from east to west (the width of one zone). (In general, compute the longitude using both zone options and choose the one that falls within your area of interest.)
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On a matter of pedantry, UTM zones have a false easting big enough to cover quite a lot of the westward neighbour, so it is unlikely x-values will be negative, just nearer zero. But your assertion still stands. – MerseyViking Apr 13 '12 at 15:04
Thanks _USER_, I had forgotten about that. I had better edit the reply. – whuber Apr 13 '12 at 15:05
sounds nice to work out the LatLong boundaries for the place and try 39 and check the result if it lands in the specified boundaries. if not try 40. thanks a lot. – Sami Al-Subhi Apr 13 '12 at 15:30
You can identify the zone on this map: _URL_
Once you find your zone, then you can easily convert the UTM coordinates to any coordinates using _URL_.
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Prof. Marina Milner-Bolotin
Department of Curriculum and Pedagogy
2125 Main Mall,Faculty of Education, UBC,
Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
We are located at the beautiful UBC campus in the Faculty of Education: Scarfe Building – at the intersection of Main Mall and the University Boulevard. We are located on the second and third floors of the building.
acceleration area circular motion collisions conservation of energy conservation of momentum Coulomb's law counting current displacement distance Earth elastic collisions electricity elementary math energy environment equilibrium exploration extreme environments force forces frames of reference friction geometry graphing graphs gravitational acceleration gravitational potential energy gravity kinetic energy lines mass measurement momentum net force Newton's laws normal force optics patterns percentages Physics power probability projectile motion ratios rectangles resistance Secondary sequences series shape and space technology tension triangles trigonometry vectors velocity voltage weight
Emergency Procedures | Accessibility | Contact UBC | © Copyright The University of British Columbia


Number of organisations founded per year since 1945 (all regions)
By Clara Egger
This graph shows the total number of humanitarian organisations created per year since World War Two. 94% of the organisations in the HOD have been created since 1945, with only a few earlier records, such as the Order of Malta created in 1099.
We see how some critical historical turning points and world events impact on humanitarian action. For example :
 - The time period immediately following the end of the WW2 (_PHONE_) corresponds to the structuring of the United Nations system, composed of many diverse humanitarian agencies. 74 organisations were created between 1945 and 1951.
 - The decade separating the mid 1960s from the mid 1970s (_PHONE_) reflects the combined impact of the May 68 movement on transnational solidarity and anti-war movements in Europe and the USA. Decolonization of Asia and Africa during this period also gave birth to new states who developed their own humanitarian capacity (at the societal and governmental level).
 - The decade ranging from the mid eighties to the mid nineties(_PHONE_) marks the end of the Cold War and a rise of humanitarian interventions in conflicts including Afghanistan, the Balkans, Rwanda and Somalia.
 - The mid 2000s to 2010s link with the NATO and US intervention in Afghanistan, Iraq and later the Libyan and Syrian civil wars which have led to a dramatic increase in refugees and organisations responding to their needs.
This Expertise Note was contributed by Dr Clara Egger in collaboration with the Humanitarian Encyclopedia team, based on analysis of the Humanitarian Organisation Database (HOD).
Last update : Mar 23, 2021
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I have a huge log file of around 3.5 GB and would like to sample random sections in the middle of say 10 MB for the purpose of debugging what my application is doing.
I could use head or tail commands to get the beginning or end of the file, how can I grab an arbitrary portion from the middle of the file? I guess I could do something like head -n 1.75GB | tail -n 10MB but that seems clumsy and I'd need to determine line numbers for the midpoint of the file to get 1.75GB and 10MB line counts.
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3 Answers 3
up vote 6 down vote accepted
$ dd if=big_file.bin skip=1750 ibs=1MB count=10 of=big_file.bin.part
You might want to spend some time reading and understanding dd.
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As dd is not aware of lines, you may want to trim of the first and last one, so as only complete lines are included, e.g.: dd... | head -n-1 | tail -n+2 or with sed: dd... | sed '1d; $d'. – Thor Feb 22 '13 at 10:19
You can use use tail, but by specify a byte offset.
tail -c +$START_BYTE $file | head -c $LENGTH > newfile
That way tail can jump directly to the starting point (without counting new lines) and once head matches the correct length, it stops running.
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Nice one. This works with arbitrary byte offsets and sizes, which dd can't do. – Mike Jan 9 at 0:06
You just have to write a little program to seek to some random spot and read some amount of lines.
An example in Python (reads one line, but you can modify it):
def get_random_line():
 """Return a randomly selected line from a file."""
 import random
 fo = open("/some/file.txt")
 point = random.randrange(fo.size)
 c =
 while c!= '\n' and fo.tell() > 0:
 , 1)
 c =
 line = fo.readline().strip()
 return line
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Your Answer


ML Career Presentation (Individual Performance Event) ARIZONA ONLY
This event allows members to combine career research with verbal presentation skills. One of the goals of FBLA is to prepare members for the workforce. This event begins that process through career exploration.
Each Middle Level chapter may enter members who are on record in the FBLA-PBL Online Membership System as having paid dues by the officially published deadline for the current school year.
Spring Competition Procedure
Members are to identify their dream career and conduct research for your presentation. The presentation should include the following information (but can include more):
1) What type of education is needed to enter into this career?
2) Is this career in high demand?
3) What part of the country would have the most of these types of careers?
4) What is the average starting pay for this career?
Based on their research members will create a "Dream Career" board on a tri fold presentation board. The board can include computer generated items, hand written items, etc. The more creative the better. We will NOT provide power however. Members will have up to 5 minutes to set up their presentation board and materials. The presentation will be 2-5 minutes long and will answer the four questions listed above plus provide any additional information that is relevant to the career.
Chapters may enter an unlimited amount of individuals at competition. The top three (3) winners are recognized.
CLICK HERE for the the rating sheet
Missey Goodman, State Adviser
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Definition of transferral in English:
The action of transferring someone or something: the transferral of ownership in the form of a takeover
More example sentences
- And it acts in a manner no one can yet explain, obeying the law of ownership and transferral.
- Both parties will also identify research areas that will improve the delivery of the TB control programme by monitoring patient transferral.
- Indeed, a number of events since sovereignty transferral in 1997 directly point to that erosion.
Words that rhyme with transferralconferral, deferral, referral
Definition of transferral in:
- US English dictionary
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
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Use Of The Shared Frailty Model To Identify The Determinants Of Infant And Child Survival In Rwanda Using DHS Data
MetadataShow full item record
The infant and child mortality have much fluctuated in Rwanda since the year 1992 and decreased considerably during 5 years preceding the 2005 RDHS. However, the current indicators are still high compared to the goals to achieve and current global standards while factors that have contributed to the observed achievements remain not well known and diverse resources invested in improving the children's health conditions keep becoming more scarce. Therefore, it is very important to ascertain the key determinants of infant and child survival in Rwanda and hence mark out the sectors that should be prioritized in order to realize more improvements of under age five children's survival with limited resources. The analysis of semi-parametric gamma shared frailty models utilized to analyze separately infant and child mortality in Rwanda revealed that frailty effects were significant in childhood while its effects in infancy were not significant. The causes of deaths in infancy and childhood were quite different. The hazard rates and hazard ratios indicated that infant deaths were strongly related to proximate and biological factors including place of delivery, preceding birth interval and mother's age at child's birth while child deaths were at a very large extent due to socioeconomic and demographic factors such as household socioeconomic status being the most important determinant and province of residence the least. Key socioeconomic determinants of infant mortality were mother partner's education and household's socioeconomic status. Multiple births were at higher risk of-death than others both in infancy and childhood but the risk decreases with age.


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Ragi Porridge Recipe
Ragi malt and ragi porridge are the same things with different names. Ragi is cooked in either milk or water and it is very healthy for babies and adults alike. Ragi can be given to babies as early as they start on solids because it has high nutritional value; it is a good source of Vitamin B1 and B3, calcium, and iron.
Ragi is also known as finger millet and is widely consumed in southern parts of India. As ragi does not have a taste of its own, its porridge can be made in two ways, either sweet or salty. If you want to know how you can make ragi porridge for your baby, read on. We have a quick recipe for you!
Type of Meal
Any baby above 7 months of age
Breakfast or mid-morning snack or evening snack
For Sweet Porridge
|Ragi flour||4 tbsp|
|Sugar or dates or jaggery||1.5 tbsp|
|Milk (optional)||1 cup|
|Ghee (optional)||1 tsp|
|Cardamom powder (optional)||¼ tsp|
For Salted Porridge
|Ragi flour||4 tbsp|
|Salt||As per taste|
|Cumin powder||1 tbsp|
|Curry leaves||1 sprig|
|Coriander leaves (finely chopped)||1 tbsp|
|Oil or ghee||1 tsp|
Below is a step-by-step guide on how to make both salty as well as sweet ragi porridge.
1. First Method: Heat a pan, and take ragi flour in it. Next, add water to it. Mix it well and let it cook. Keep stirring it constantly to prevent it from burning and until the mixture thickens. Once it turns thick, your ragi malt will be ready. Turn off the heat and serve warm.
2. Second Method:
- Mix the ragi flour in ¾ cup of water.
- Heat the remaining water in a pan and bring it to a boil. Next, add the ragi mixture to it.
- Keep on stirring and cook it on medium heat.
- Turn off the flame when the mixture thickens.
- Now add dates or sugar or jaggery and milk to adjust the consistency and make it sweet.
- Add some ghee and dry fruits to make the recipe more nutritious.
- Your sweet porridge is ready to serve.
- Take ragi flour and water in a pan and cook well. Keep stirring until the mixture thickens.
- Now add salt and buttermilk to adjust consistency and bring taste.
- Salted porridge is ready to serve.
- If you wish to add a tempering then, heat ghee or oil in a pan. Add cumin seeds and curry leaves. Let them splutter. Switch off the flame. Put this seasoning and coriander leaves to the prepare ragi porridge to enhance the taste.
- Serve the yummy porridge to your little one!
Follow the below tips to enhance the nutrition content and taste of this simple ragi porridge recipe:
- It is better if you prepare the porridge without milk. Because adding milk reduces the iron content of ragi.
- Adding fruit like apple or banana helps in the absorption of iron from ragi. So you can add fruit to the sweet porridge.
Nutrition Information (Per 100 Grams)
|Dietary Fiber||11.1 g|
|Vitamin C||2.3 mg|
Note: These values are only for the sweet porridge.
Following is the list of benefits your child will get out of this homemade ragi porridge baby food recipe:
- Ragi is extremely beneficial for your growing child. As you can see from the table above, the calcium content of this recipe is so high. Calcium will help in the development of bones and teeth and avoiding bone-related diseases.
- Ragi is a good source of natural iron. When mixed with a fruit, the Vitamin C present in the fruit leads to easy absorption of iron. This helps in increasing the haemoglobin in kids.
- Not only iron and calcium, but ragi is also loaded with a good amount of protein, phosphorous and calcium. These minerals also serve as the building blocks in growing children.
- Ragi also keeps the child full for long.
Ideally, you should make ragi flour at home by sprouting the ragi grains and dry roasting them. After this, they can be powdered in the mixer. This serves best for the babies. But if you cannot prepare it at home, buy the prepared ragi flour from the supermarket!
Follow the instructions and prepare this effortless and nutritious recipe for your growing child. This will keep him healthy and energetic. Happy Parenting!


Why Aren't Accountable Care Organizations Improving Mental Health? | Mental Health America
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Why Aren't Accountable Care Organizations Improving Mental Health?
By Nathaniel Counts, MHA Senior Policy Director, and Paul Gionfriddo, MHA President and CEO
The average rate of depression remission at twelve months for people not receiving any mental health treatment in this country is 53 percent. But in Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs), it's only 9 percent. Mental Health America (MHA) wants to know why.
ACOs were the first big innovation in the value-based payment movement. Here's how they work: A group of providers get together and make a deal with an insurance company. If they achieve certain quality objectives and end up costing less than the insurance company expected to spend that year, they get half of the money they saved back.
The idea is that then everyone wins: the patients get better outcomes, the doctors get additional revenue, and the insurance company saves money.
One of the quality measures that ACOs are scored on is Depression Remission at Twelve Months – for those people that screen positive for depression, what percent of them screen negative by the end of the year?
For now, ACOs only need to say how they're doing on this measure; they don't (yet) get paid based on this. But the data from last year – newly available as of last month – are beginning to paint a picture. It isn't pretty.
Using the public data, across all ACOs that reported this measure, the average rate of depression remission at twelve months across the population they served was a little over 9 percent. Only nine out of every hundred people who screened positive for depression improved clinically by the end of the year. By comparison, a recent study found that the average rate of depression remission at twelve months for people not receiving any treatment was likely around 53 percent.
We don't think that ACOs are making people sicker, but the data suggest that something is probably going wrong.
First, if someone screens positive for depression and then the ACO doesn't screen them a second time later, that still counts against the ACOs score. That could be what is happening in many cases – they screen once but don't screen again. This means that we don't know if these people are getting better, which was supposed to be part of the goal of the new value-based payment models.
It could also be other issues, like the population of people being screened for in the ACOs are sicker and have more need than most. But again, we don't really know from the sparse data available.
MHA thinks the value-based payment movement holds great promise for mental health. Based on these early results, MHA is exploring how to better support ACOs and ensure that the future of value-based payment is one that, first and foremost, values acting before stage 4 in mental health (you can see another paper we wrote on this subject here). While we're working on a longer academic paper and responding to an open comment period on ACOs, we wanted to share some of our goals:
 - We need to make screening easier and ubiquitous. If people screen regularly and have the option to share their results with their doctor, then it will be easier for doctors to see how the people they're treating are doing, and we will have more reliable information about whether people are getting better;
 - Doctors need more help in treating mental health. At MHA, we think peer support specialists could be a critical part of recovery in more settings, including ACOs, along with other options like digital apps or telehealth to connect people with mental health providers. More providers should also receive meaningful training in treating mental health conditions; and
 - When ACOs are able to do a good job addressing mental health in their population, they should receive larger payments. Tying payments to improved mental health would elevate best practices, finance further improvements, and get more systems to invest in mental health treatment.
Over the coming months, MHA will be working to advance these changes, because 9 percent remission rates are far too low ever to be acceptable.
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Clickers Not Charging - Pads Do Not Work or Light Up When Buttons Pressed
Not what you were looking for? Search here.
This article applies to rechargeable ALL In Learning - ALL In Response (AIR) clicker systems where one or more pads stops charging, will not respond, and will not flash any lights when buttons are pressed.
Because of ALL In Learning's revolutionary charging system, AIR clickers should charge enough to register a response within a couple of minutes. When troubleshooting a possible charging problem, you don't have to wait overnight to see if a solution worked!
Problems with an Individual Clicker or Two?
If a pad will not show any lights when buttons are pressed, but all other pads appear to be charging, it may be defective. However, the rate of defective pads is incredibly low, so there could still be a problem with the charger that is not obvious because the other pads still have some charge left in them and this is simply the first to run down.
Troubleshooting a rechargeable pad:
 1. See the instructions below to be sure your charging base is charging correctly, and try charging the pad again. If it is one of the pads in the add-on side-storage rack, try moving it to the middle inside the charging base to see if it will charge better.
 2. Go to the Settings icon (looks like a gear) at the upper right of your ALL In Learning account, and click AIR Tools. Follow the on-screen prompts to diagnose whether the pad is in fact working and if so, get it responding to your receiver unit again.
Problems with Many Clickers at Once?
If all clickers are losing their charge and not recharging, it's likely caused by an issue with the power, the charger, or the adapter. Here are the troubleshooting steps:
 1. Make sure the pads are placed in the charger right-side-up.
 2. Make sure the electrical outlet on the wall has power. Often, users discover their outlet isn't working or has a switch that wasn't turned on. Plug in a lamp to double check the outlet. Try a different outlet altogether. It's surprising how often this is a problem!
 3. Confirm you are using the correct adapter. If another teacher has a system that is working fine, compare adapters with them. You can read the label on the "black box" section of the adapter, and see that it should say "Triad - Model WSU060-1250" or "V-Infinity Class 2 Power Supply - Model EPS060100." The adapter should have an output of 6.0v, and from 1.0A to 1.25A.
 4. With the adapter plugged in, you can lift up the charging station around the adapter plug and see a blue or red light inside.
 This can be a good sign, though it has happened that this light was shining even though the wrong adapter was being used and the pads wouldn't charge until the correct adapter was used.
 5. Can you try swapping your adapter with another teacher that is known to be working and see if it solves the problem? Adapters fail occasionally.
 6. Can you try swapping your charging station with another teacher that is known to be working and see if it solves the problem? This can show whether yours may be defective.
Note: On a full charge pads should give you 250-300 responses.
Need Further Assistance?
If after these steps your pads are not charging and working, please contact technical support for further assistance at, and please include what steps you tried and what you discovered.
Additional keywords: charged Charger Base Recharge adaptor adapter not working recharged
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ENM109 Research Skills Guide: Topic Analysis
Topic Analysis
A topic analysis will help you clarify and understand what your assessment question is asking you to do.
You will generally be given three key pieces of information:
 3. The task or instruction terms tell how you are to deal with the content. There is a list of explanations for common instruction words.
Let's say you have been given an assessment that involves reporting on a natural resource management issue in Australia.
For this example we have chosen the theme of (Australian) marine conservation
Provide an overview of your selected natural resource theme, and describe key management challenges, conservation issues and any other relevant historical dimensions
A topic analysis of this question might look like this:
Instruction words Provide an overview; Describe
Qualifying words & phrases Management challenges; conservation; historical dimensions
Key concepts Marine conservation in Australia
Here are some synonyms that might be used in searching. Note that using synonyms will broaden your search and increase the chances of retrieving information:
management challenges management, administration
historical dimensions history, past, background
"marine conservation" "marine parks"
In fact, the terms we have are probably quite good search terms, so here are some suggested searches:
 - "marine conservation" AND australia*
 - "marine conservation" AND australia* and manag*
 - "marine conservation" AND australia* AND manag* and issue*
 - "marine conservation" AND australia* AND histor*.
For more on search techniques, see the next page (Search techniques).
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Patrik Andersson; Sakarias Johansson, pp. 21. COM/School of Computing, 2012.
Marching Cubes is a rendering technique that has many advantages for a lot of areas. It is a technique for representing scalar fields as a three-dimensional mesh. It is used for geographical applications as well as scientific ones, mainly in the medical industry to visually render medical data of the human body. But it's also an interesting technique to explore for the usage in computer games or other real-time applications since it can create some really interesting rendering.
The main focus in this paper is to present a novel hybrid solution using marching cubes and heightmaps to render terrain; moreover, to find if it's suitable for real-time applications. The paper will follow a theoretical approach as well as an implementational one on the hybrid solution.
The results across several tests for different scenarios show that the hybrid solution works well for today's real-time applications using a modern graphics card and CPU (Central Processing Unit).


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The need to provide environmental management on jobs is established not just in the applicable national and sector legislation but also in Environmental Impact Declarations issued as part of the process to authorise projects and actions.
In such cases, the Environmental Works Management (DAO) is the result of the decentralisation of the Project Management, and takes up responsibility for the monitoring and control of all the environmental aspects associated with the job. Its role is therefore key, and is highly relevant.
EUROCONTROL does these environmental management tasks as part of the project, providing a service with an integral focus and which ranges from work prior to the commencement of the project, environmental controls as the work is done, to environmental monitoring during the operation of the installations or infrastructures.
The Company has had broad experience in this field, and has developed DAO contracts and technical assistance to the DAO for bodies such as AENA, the Bilbao Bizkaia Water Consortium, Acuamed, ACUAES, the Galicia Regional Government, the Ministry of Development, etc.
As part of its quality policy, EUROCONTROL performs environmental management tasks on the work site through the so-called Supervision and Control Plan (PSC) and the procedures linked to it. This Plan structures the work and the functions for the environmental management of a project, making it a tool clearly designed to ensure that the demands raised by a client are met.
Before work starts, EUROCONTROL ensures that all the conditioning factors and provisions which must be adopted to ensure that it is performed correctly have been complied with, to these ends:
- Conducting an initial review of all the environmental aspects included in the Environmental Impact Study (EsIA) and the Environmental Impact Declaration (DIA).
- Reviewing the Environmental Surveillance Plan (PVA) and, in the absence of such a plan, drawing it up.
- Verifying that the project includes the environmental conditions demanded in the DIA.
- Analysing all the state, region and local provisions dealing with environmental aspects in the sector and applicable to the project, along with other binding reports from various bodies.
- Reviewing the Environmental Quality Assurance Plan drawn up by the contracting company, to ensure compliance with the environmental requisites which must be taken into account while this work is being done.
During the phase when the work is being done, EUROCONTROL:
- Periodically visits the work to track and monitor it, adapting the frequency of visits to the requirements of the DIA/Administration environmental resolutions, and to the reality of the work.
- Ensures that the measures provided for in the EsIA are being implemented correctly, and are adjusted to the environmental integration criteria put in place in the DIA.
- Verifies that the action taken is in compliance with the requisites established in the mandatory legislation in the sector.
- Checks the effectiveness of the protective and corrective measures established and implemented and, if considered unsatisfactory, determines the causes and establishes the appropriate remedies.
- Detects impacts not foreseen in the EsIA, defining the most adequate additional measures to reduce, eliminate or compensate them.
- Coordinates the archaeological monitoring work.
- Interprets and values the analyses performed: noise target trials, water and soil analyses, etc., and, if required by the client, completing the analyses and measurements created in the Administration's resolutions.
- Draws up the environmental monitoring reports provided for in the DIA and the specialised reports required.
- Prepares the projects for the restoration of the zones affected by the work, including those where surplus materials from excavation are deposited.
- Advises the Work Management of any decision or change raised and which affects the environmental values of the area, pointing out any problems which might be caused and suggesting solutions to minimise possible impacts.
On completion of the work, EUROCONTROL takes over the monitoring of the environmental measures adopted in the project, such as planting, environmental restoration of areas degraded during the work, the presence of fauna, erosion processes, water quality, etc.
EUROCONTROL also completes the formalities required for the work such as authorisations for works in areas of the Hydraulic Public Domain or in the Zone for the Policing of Courses, authorisations to cut, prune or clear wooded areas, authorisations for any necessary archaeological tasks, legalisation of concrete, crushing or asphalt plants, environmental processing for new spoil or dumping, waste management plans, and any additional studies established in the DIAs or in the construction projects, such as environmental targets, detailed fauna studies, study of the sensitivity of buildings to noise and vibrations during the work, archaeological studies, studies of flora and fauna, etc.
The Company also undertakes to complete any formalities and steps required by the Administration for the authorisation of your installations: for clearance for installations where potentially air-pollutant actives (APCA) are to be pursued, integrated environmental authorisation (A.I.A), situation reports and preliminary soil reports, waste management plans, processing for waste product registration, waste management authorisation, etc.
EUROCONTROL has had wide experience in sampling design and "in situ" sampling, and in the preparation of the results of trials of all types of environmental parameters for Civil Engineering Work and industrial installations, and holds ENAC Accreditation pursuant to Standard UNE-EN ISO/IEC 17020 for environmental inspection, and UNE-EN ISO/IEC 17025 for acoustic trials.


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- International relations
- Comparative politics
- International and comparative political economy
- American politics
- Italian politics
- Comparative tax policy and taxpayer behavior
Peer Reviewed Publications
Going Dutch? The Role of Gender in the Provision of Public Goods through Tax Compliance Forthcoming in the Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics
with David M. Bruner and Sven Steinmo
The existing experimental literature suggests women are more compliant than men when paying taxes but may free ride more when contributing to public goods. It is unclear which effect dominates when paying for public goods through taxation. Experiments conducted in three European countries and the U.S. are used to investigate this issue. The results suggest the compliance effect dominates the free riding effect such that women pay more for public goods, although men are more willing to contribute. Moreover, the data analysis reveals the gender gap in compliance is due to differences in both the extensive and intensive margins.
"Willing to Share? Tax Compliance and Gender in Europe and America." Research & Politics.
with Clara Volintiru and Sven Steinmo.
Studies examining the effects of gender on honesty, deceptive behavior, pro-sociality, and risk aversion, often find significant differences between men and women. The present study contributes to the debate by exploiting one of the largest tax compliance experiments to date in a highly controlled environment conducted in the United States, the United Kingdom, Sweden, and Italy. Our expectation was that the differences between men and women's behavior would correlate broadly with the degree of gender equality in each country. In other words, where social, political and cultural gender equality is greater we expected behavioral differences between men and women to be smaller. In contrast, our evidence reveals that women are significantly more compliant than men in all countries. Furthermore, these patterns are quite consistent across countries in our study. In other words, the difference between men's and women's behavior is not significantly different in more gender neutral countries than in more traditional societies.
Full Text: Willing to Share
Divided Nation: The North-South Cleavage in Italian Tax Compliance in Polity. 2017. 42(1). 69-99.
Full Text – Divided Nation
Are some countries more honest than others? Evidence from a tax compliance experiment in Sweden and Italy
with Giulia Andrighetto, Stefania Ottone, Ferruccio Ponzano, Nan Zhang, and Sven Steinmo in Frontiers in Psychology.
This study examines cultural differences in ordinary dishonesty between Italy and Sweden, two countries with different reputations for trustworthiness and probity. Exploiting a set of cross-cultural tax compliance experiments, we find that the average level of tax evasion (as a measure of ordinary dishonesty) does not differ significantly between Swedes and Italians. However, we also uncover differences in national "styles" of dishonesty. Specifically, while Swedes are more likely to be either completely honest or completely dishonest in their fiscal declarations, Italians are more prone to fudging (i.e. cheating by a small amount). We discuss the implications of these findings for the evolution and enforcement of honesty norms.
"Hegemony or Dominance: A Gramscian Analysis of US Ascendancy." in Critique: A Worldwide Journal of Politics.
Hegemony, for Antonio Gramsci, is the use of consent and coercion in order to establish control over a population or a state. It is this balance between the two that is fundamental to Gramsci's theory. Furthermore, the distinction between two types of intellectuals, traditional and organic, is central to the diffusion of elite ideology and obtaining the consent of the masses. First, this study surveys the various Gramscian and neo-Gramscian literature, which develops the background for my central argument. The following section briefly examines the construction of a "common sense" in America focusing on two fundamental aspects: American exceptionalism and Liberalism. Finally, my study takes a critical look at American policy during the Regan Administration, specifically focusing on Ronald Reagan's ability to assume the role as an intellectual, used in the Gramscian tradition. However, I argue, although Ronald Reagan recaptured the common sense of the American people, manipulation and coercion were instrumental in reestablishing American dominance. Thus, power during the Reagan administration lacked a critical element of hegemony, consent, and can no longer be defined as hegemony in the Gramscian sense.
More Bang for Your Buck: Efficiency, Trust, and Tax Compliance
In the present study, we investigate the relationship between fiscal capacity and tax compliance using the largest tax compliance experiment to date. We argue that tax evasion and compliance are the product of either high-efficiency/high-trust equilibria or a low-efficiency/low-trust equilibria specific to individual countries. To test this, we utilize the experiments conducted in Italy, U.S., U.K., and Sweden. In the first test, we performed a simple public goods game framed within a tax context to uncover that increasing efficiency does indeed increase tax compliance. In a second experiment, we ask participants to actually pay taxes to their national government, pension fund, and fire department. Confirming our prediction, individuals are significantly more likely to pay taxes to institutions that they trust than institutions that they dislike.
What Explains the North-South Gap in Italian Tax Compliance? An Experimental Analysis.
Cross-national social surveys account for tax morale across a wide variety of political cultures. Since tax evasion, by definition, is difficult to estimate, researchers use the size of the underground economy as a core indicator. Only Greece (27.5% of GDP) surpasses Italy (17% of GDP) in the size of its underground economy among Western EU states. Italy's unique history and regional complexity provide researchers with a multitude of case study options in a single country. Using the 2004 Bank of Italy Survey of Household Wealth and Income and controlled tax compliance experiments, I undertake a comparative study assessing the regional effects of social capital and political culture on tax morale in Italy. I demonstrate that Southern Italy is substantively and significantly different than Northern Italy with regards to tax morale, and that social capital and civic culture positively affect tax morale. However, I find no difference when we control the institutional environment in our laboratory setting, suggesting that tax compliance is linked to the institutional environment with which an individual associates.
Mass Preferences on Budget Deficits
Budgets are one of the most important tools politicians have at their disposal. They set out the expected amount of revenue to be collected for the following scal year, as well as the amount of spending. The budget is also a fundamental political tool used to signal to constituents where the government's priorities lie. But government budgets are notstraight forward, parsimonious documents. The are complicated documents with important implications and trade-os. However, the public is rarely presented with the trade-offs that governments must make in order to successfully implement a budget. Governments make trade-os between higher (lower) taxes and more (less) spending or they face larger deficits. This article uses a novel survey experiment, incorporating an interactive budget tool, to examine what drives individual preferences for budget deficits.


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Name: Bryan Gardiner
Can you please tell me how many miles per day spawning salmon
travels from the ocean to its destination? I would like to
know how long it takes the salmon to get to the Adams river from the
The actual distance traveled per day by salmon varies from
species to species, but in several samples of Chinook, the
results were as follows:
(the Chinook were going up the Yukon River, then into different
creeks to spawn)
Group 1 - 52 miles/day
Group 2 - 60 miles/day
Group 3 - 47 miles/day
Group 4 - 50 miles/day
All of the numbers from this study are averages.
I hope this helps you find the answer you're looking for!
Thanks for using NEWTON!
Tom F Ihde
Click here to return to the Biology Archives
Update: June 2012


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Average day and night temperature in Wolhusen (Canton of Lucerne) in celsius
The mean minimum and maximum temperatures over the year in Wolhusen, Switzerland.
Show the average temperatures in Wolhusen in Fahrenheit
- The months June, July and August have a nice average temperature.
- On average, the warmest month is July with 24.5° Celsius (76.1° Fahrenheit).
- On average, the coolest month is January with 3.0° Celsius (37.4° Fahrenheit).
- The average annual maximum temperature is: 14.0° Celsius (57.2° Fahrenheit)
- The average annual minimum temperature is: 4.3° Celsius (39.74° Fahrenheit)
Weather Forecasts for Wolhusen (Canton of Lucerne)
Patchy moderate snow


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Background: Although both men and women use e-cigarettes, most preclinical nicotine research has focused on its effects in male rodents following injection. The goals of the present study were to develop an effective e-cigarette nicotine delivery system, to compare results to those obtained after subcutaneous (s.c.) injection, and to examine sex differences in the model.
Methods: Hypothermia and locomotor suppression were assessed following aerosol exposure or s.c. injection with nicotine in female and male mice. Subsequently, plasma and brain concentrations of nicotine and cotinine were measured.
Results: Passive exposure to nicotine aerosol produced concentration-dependent and mecamylamine reversible hypothermic and locomotor suppressant effects in female and male mice, as did s.c. nicotine injection. In plasma and brain, nicotine and cotinine concentrations showed dose/concentration-dependent increases in both sexes following each route of administration. Sex differences in nicotine-induced hypothermia were dependent upon route of administration, with females showing greater hypothermia following aerosol exposure and males showing greater hypothermia following injection. In contrast, when they occurred, sex differences in nicotine and cotinine levels in brain and plasma consistently showed greater concentrations in females than males, regardless of route of administration.
Discussion: In summary, the e-cigarette exposure device described herein was used successfully to deliver pharmacologically active doses of nicotine to female and male mice. Further, plasma nicotine concentrations following exposure were similar to those after s.c. injection with nicotine and within the range observed in human smokers. Future research on vaped products can be strengthened by inclusion of translationally relevant routes of administration. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


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in terms of tax revenue, a COUNTRY is made up of its registered COMPANYs and its registered PERSONs.
registered entity that earns revenue for their COUNTRY of registration
registered entity that earns revenue for their COUNTRY of registration.
As you can see, both these registered entities earn revenue for their COUNTRY of registration. But there's a BIG DIFFERENCE in the tax burden of these two entities called RUNNING COSTS.
We all know what the running costs of a COMPANY are: assets (property and equipment) & liabilities (wages, amenities, loans etc...) A COMPANY can deduct these values from their gross earnings before being taxed: this is known as pre-tax profit.
Well, if the legal definition of COMPANY and PERSON are so alike, why are PERSONs not allowed to deduct their 'running costs' before they are taxed on their earnings? Yes, there's a P.A.Y.E. pre-tax 'allowance' for a registered PERSON so let's do the accounting with some generous figures to see the unfairness.
PERSON (with pre-tax allowance)
earns £25,000 p/a
pre-tax allowance £5,000
£25,000 earnings - £5,000 pre-tax allowance = £20,000
P.A.Y.E. contribution 25% of £20,000 = £5,000
Now, let's apply the pre-tax PROFIT trick to a PERSON'S tax calculation
PERSON (with running costs)
earns £25,000 p/a
running costs (rent/loan £10,000, transport £1,125, utilities £1,000, food £4,000) p/a
£25,000 -£10,000 -£1,125 -£1,000 -£4,000 = £8,875
tax contribution 25% of £8,875 = £2218.75
Wow, LESS THAN HALF THE TAX BURDEN per PERSON - isn't that amazing!
And saving a PERSON a couple of thousand pounds isn't even the point of this exercise. The point is, it's GROSSLY UNFAIR to tax one revenue-contributing entity one way and another revenue-contributing entity completely differently. Imagine if COMPANYs had to cover their own running costs, the way PERSONs are asked to do?
You know? Fair's fair.


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The grey-faced sengi is a relative newcomer to the elephant shrew family. The journey of discovery began in 2005, when a unfamilar species of giant elephant shrew was caught on a camera trap in the Udzunga mountains of Tanzania. An expedition the following year confirmed this as the first new elephant shrew species identified for over 120 years and by far the biggest. The only place on Earth they can be found is in this African mountain range, where the population is estimated to be fewer than 100.
Scientific name: Rhynchocyon udzungwensis
Grey-faced elephant shrew
The Grey-faced sengi can be found in a number of locations including: Africa. Find out more about these places and what else lives there.
The following habitats are found across the Grey-faced sengi distribution range. Find out more about these environments, what it takes to live there and what else inhabits them.
Discover what these behaviours are and how different plants and animals use them.
Additional data source: Animal Diversity Web
The grey-faced sengi (Rhynchocyon udzungwensis) is a species of elephant shrew that is endemic to the Udzungwa Mountains of south-central Tanzania. The discovery of the species was announced in January 2008; only 15 species of elephant shrew were known until then, and the last discovery was made more than 120 years ago. As the name implies, the species is characterised by a distinctive grey face and a black rump, as well as being larger than the other species of elephant shrews.
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TEA classifies Texas public school districts into community types using factors such as enrollment, growth in enrollment, economic status, and proximity to urban areas. These community types, or "district types," group districts into eight categories ranging from major urban to rural. Charter school districts make up a ninth category. The categories are as follows:
- Major Urban
- Major Suburban
- Other Central City
- Other Central City Suburban
- Independent Town
- Non-Metropolitan: Fast Growing
- Non-Metropolitan: Stable
- Charter School Districts
District type classifications are used in agency reporting and monitoring systems. For more information on the 2010-11 district type category descriptions, see the glossary.
View and download Texas public school districts categorized by district type.
For questions or comments about district type data, please contact the Texas Education Agency Division of Accountability Research by e‑mail
or by phone at _PHONE_.
This page last updated February 9, 2012.


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hot money business definition
Funds that are controlled by investors who seek high short-term yields when the funds are likely to be reinvested somewhere else at any time. Some financial institutions attract hot money by offering above-average yields on certificates of deposit. However, if the rate is lowered, the funds are likely to be lost to another institution or investment.Case Study
Although an improbable target for currency speculators, tiny Iceland (population approximately 300,000) gained fame as a world depository for hot money shortly after the country lifted currency exchange controls in the late 1990s. Funds seeking the krona's high interest rates flooded into the island country from around the world, much of it representing borrowed money obtained in low-interest Japan. The inflows helped produce a booming economy with a strong currency, soaring stock market, and skyrocketing housing prices. The economic boom was accompanied by inflation, causing the central bank to raise interest rates to 11.5% by mid-2006. The increase in interest rates also resulted from the government's concern that hot money would begin flowing back out of Iceland as interest rates started rising in Europe, Japan, and the United States. A rapid outflow of hot money would depress the country's currency, increase the cost of imported goods, and cause a downward spiral in asset values.
Learn more about hot money


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Definition of Grain field
1. Noun. A field where grain is grown.
Specialized synonyms: Corn Field, Cornfield, Wheat Field, Wheatfield
Generic synonyms: Field
Grain Field Pictures
Click the following link to bring up a new window with an automated collection of images related to the term: Grain Field Images
Lexicographical Neighbors of Grain Field
Literary usage of Grain field
Below you will find example usage of this term as found in modern and/or classical literature:
1. Irrigation Farming: A Handbook for the Proper Application of Water in the by Lucius Merle Wilcox (1902)
"6O—IRRIGATING A grain field. If the ground is moist it is not necessary to give the heading irrigation. Fig. 60 shows the process of flooding a wheat crop..."
2. Modern Sheep: Breeds and Management by William James Clarke (1907)
""I would choose a grain field and let it be a large one, that I intended planting to corn the following year. Then you need not plow until spring,..."
3. Light on the Old Testament from Babel by Albert Tobias Clay (1906)
"... sluices which are in the embankment of the Canal Sin, which reaches you over my grain field and over the rented grain field of rny servant Akhu-litia...."
4. Lawyers' Reports Annotated by Lawyers Co-operative Publishing Company (1905)
"So, insurance on a harvester operating "in e grain field and In transit from place hi connection with harvesting" does not covet a loss by Ore..."
Other Resources Relating to: Grain field


ADA Brighty K (300ml)
Aquariums Australia
Availability: 1 in stock
Brighty K (300ml)\
Brighty K
BRIGHTY K is a liquid fertilizer for supplying potassium to a planted aquarium. When potassium is insufficient, the photosynthesis activity and growth of aquatic plants are affected, and this can cause yellowing and bleaching of leaves as well as lower resistance to algae. Daily application of BRIGHTY K to the aquarium eliminates these problems caused by potassium deficiency and promotes growth of aquatic plants.
BRIGHTY K also has an effect of enhancing the buffering capacity of water and prevents a decline in the pH of aquarium water.
*BRIGHTY K is strongly alkaline. The pH of aquarium water may rise temporarily immediately after this product is applied, but it will eventually return to the original level.


Documentation forOrion Platform
Create new alerts to monitor your environment with the Orion Platform
Navigate to the Alert Manager in the Orion Platform to create a completely new alert definition, or duplicate an alert that is similar to the alert you want to create.
 1. Enter the alert properties, which includes who can view the alert, severity, and how frequently the alert conditions are evaluated.
 2. Define the conditions must exist to trigger the alert.
 3. Define what event occurs to reset the alert.
 4. Schedule when you want the alert to monitor your environment.
 5. Define what happens when an alert is triggered.
 6. Define what happens when the alert is reset.
 7. Review your alert, including the number of alerts that will be triggered based on the conditions you defined.
You can skip to different steps if you clicked Duplicate & Edit or if you are editing a saved alert.
Once you have created an alert, it is added to the list of available alerts in the Alert Manager. When the alert is enabled, it immediately monitors your environment for the conditions necessary to trigger it.


text:
Set of 6 coins of the Seychelles _PHONE_ (in the booklet with the brand)
Obverse: In the center – the emblem of the country: Seychelles palm tree, turtle, sailboat on the shield, top hat and bird white-tailed Phaeton, two siderately – fish-sailing. Under the arms – the year of issue. At the top a semicircular inscription: REPUBLIC OF SEYCHELLES.
In the set:
- 5 rupees
Reverse: In the centre of the Seychelles tree with fruit. On the left, the figure "5" on the right the inscription: RUPEES.
- 1 rupee
Reverse: In the center of the ocean basin, at the bottom left of the figure "1". In the upper part of the coin – the value of semi-circle: ONE RUPEE.
- 25 cents
Reverse: Left – black parrot on a branch. To the right is the denomination in two lines: 25 /CENTS.
- 10 cents
Reverse: In the left part of the coin – an image of a tuna. To the right is the number "10" in the lower part of the coin – the value of semi-circle: TEN CENTS.
- 5 cents
Reverse: In the center – of manioc Palma. On the left, the figure "5" in the lower part of the coin – the value of semi-circle: FIVE CENTS.
- 1 cent
Reverse: In the center – the image of a crab. In the upper part of the coin the number "1" in the bottom – the face value semi-circle: ONE CENT.


text:
Darkness to Light empowers adults to prevent, recognize, and react responsibly to child sexual abuse through awareness, education, and stigma reduction. These free online trainings are designed for organizations that serve youth and individuals concerned about safety of children.
CAPS wants to train 100 Adults in Darkness to Light trainings in 100 days! There are four events throughout the month of April that provide exceptional training. The courses include:


Economic Impact Studies
Kleinhenz & Associates provides in depth economic impact studies that capture the direct, indirect, and induced effects on the economy of a particular project or industry. Economic impact studies research the quantitative impact of topics by including economic and financial data that may include estimates of tax information, employment data, and GDP, to explore the economic implications of the topic being studied. Kleinhenz & Associates is well known for its economic impact studies throughout the regional oil and gas industry and on topics ranging from climate studies, to transportation, technology, housing, and energy resources.
Project Examples
 - Currently engaged in study that quantifies the economic impact of the 2014 Toledo drinking water crisis due to algae bloom in Lake Erie.
 - Evaluated the economic contribution and affiliated benefits of the operations of a major museum, including significant capital expenditures related to facility expansion and the expenditures from visitors.
 - Examined a 25-year replacement program for a major gas pipeline on the State of Ohio's Economy.
 - Conducted an assessment of the potential economic impact associated with the emergence of a significant market for offshore wind in Lake Erie. Estimates were made for the economic impact upon the state of Ohio, Northern Ohio (21 counties), and Northeast Ohio (14 counties). This study investigated the economic effects of two scenarios depicting different deployment rates of wind turbines in Lake Erie.
 - Identified and estimated the economic benefits to the State of Ohio from the products, information, services, and expenditures provided by and associated with the Ohio Geological Survey (OGS). Kleinhenz & Associates advanced a theoretical framework to explain the private as well as public good benefits provided by the OGS.


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Coronavirus Updates
Banking Bulletin: Florida Passes New Law for Loan Compliance
On July 1, 2014, a number of changes to Florida banking laws went into effect. Despite the Florida legislature's stated desire to decrease regulation on businesses, a new law serves to greatly increase regulation on community banks with respect to loans-to-one-borrower limits.
Specifically, the new law redefines the term "related interests." Loans to "related interests" are counted with each other toward a bank's loan-to-one-borrower limit. Although the new law is substantially similar to current Office of the Comptroller of the Currency regulations applicable to national banks, the change in the definition is noteworthy for two reasons.
First, it removes from the definition a person's siblings and parents, as well as people (other than dependents) who reside in the person's household. It also removes a person's partner from the definition, which means that unmarried cohabitants do not necessarily count as one borrower, while a married couple still does.
Second, it requires, in certain circumstances, that parties engaged in a "common business enterprise" be counted as the same borrower. A "common business enterprise" exists and will be counted as the same borrower in three circumstances:
 1. Where the borrowers' expected source of repayment is the same and no borrower has another income source sufficient to repay all of that borrower's obligations. However, wages from an employer will not count as the same source of repayment, unless the borrowers are related through common control (including where one controls the other) and there is significant financial interdependence between them (where 50% of one borrower's annual gross receipts or expenditures are from transaction with another borrower).
 2. Loans to borrowers for the purpose of acquiring more than 50% of a business.
 3. If the Office of Financial Regulation (OFR) determines that a common enterprise exists.
The first circumstance is vague and difficult to understand or apply. More remarkably, the third circumstance allows the OFR to interpose its judgment after loans have been made.
These changes could greatly increase a bank's risk that it will inadvertently exceed its loans-to-one-borrower limit or have the OFR make an after-the-fact determination that the bank did so.
Given the difficulty in dealing with overline loans after they have closed, this statutory change seems patently unfair to banks.
To best avoid having the OFR find an inadvertent violation or make a negative after-the-fact determination, a bank should consider engaging in a thorough factual and legal analysis of any loans to borrowers who may be deemed to be part of a "common business enterprise."


What is a Temperature Class?
A temperature class is a term assigned to instruments and equipment within a hazardous area or zone. Classification or rating signify the level of thermal energy allowed in a particular area or produced by a specific equipment.
It defines the maximum surface temperature of the components in the electrical equipment under normal and fault conditions
This maximum surface temperature must not exceed the gas ignition temperature.
It is stated with reference to a maximum ambient temperature of 40 degree Celsius.
Six Categories
 - T1 :- 450 degree celciusT2:- 300 degree celcius
 - T2:- 300 degree celcius
 - T3:- 200 degree celciud
 - T4:- 135 degree celcius
 - T5:- 100 degree celcius
 - T6:- 85 degree Celsius
For Example :- An electric motor may have a maximum surface temperature of 120 degree Celsius and would be classified as T4.
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How to make a voice over video in VSDC
In the era of YouTube, when online blogging and production of video tutorials on just about anything has become commonplace, it's vital for aspiring clip makers to master the skill of voice over video. Even if you are not planning to become a YouTuber, you become well aware of those cases when you see that your vacation footage was ruined by chattering crowds, wind gusts, etc. One way to resolve the problem is to replace the defective sound with a nice tune. But what if you want to bring a more personal touch and record your own voice while impressions are still fresh and lively?
Download VSDC Free Video editor that allows you to do so in two ways: an easy one and a free one. Below, we'll review both, guide you through the main steps, and explain the difference between the two.
How to do voice over video in VSDC: the easy way
VSDC has an intuitive built-in voiceover tool that allows you to quickly add audio comments to your videos without having to deal with complex settings of any kind. See it for yourself in the video guide below.
Here is what you have to do in a nutshell:
 1. Import your video to the timeline using the "Add Object" dropdown menu.
 2. Click the wrench icon to select the voiceover tool.
 3. Play-pause the video to choose the part that needs audio comments. Use the "Start Recording" button whenever a voice comment needs to be added. Use the "Stop Recording" button to end the recording. Record as many items as necessary. Note: the recording will only start when you hit the play button. When the video is paused – your voice won't be recorded.
 How to create a voiceover video in VSDC - fast and eaasy
 4. When you are done with your comments, close the voiceover tool window. A pop-up window will appear asking for confirmation to add recorded files to the timeline. Click "Yes".
 5. Your audio comments will automatically be added to the timeline exactly where you wanted them to be. No manual action needed.
 6. If you want to mute original video soundtrack, right-click your video on a timeline and go to "Audio Effects --> Amplitude --> Silence".
 7. Double-check the result by clicking the red play button right under the preview window. If everything is fine, complete the process by clicking the red "Export project" button on the same title tab.
Please note, that the voiceover tool is only available with the PRO version of VSDC editor which is offered for $19.99 per year. If you are looking for a free way to record your voice over a video, follow the instructions below.
How to create a voiceover video in VSDC: the free way
VSDC wouldn't be called a free editor unless it offered a free way to record voice over video. Here is a detailed instruction:
 1. Open VSDC Free Video Editor and click "Import Content" to import the video that you intend to give voice to.
 2. Proceed to the "Tools" tab at the top menu and select the "Voice Recorder" tool. A new window will open.
 Adding voice over video for free in VSDC Video Editor
 3. Choose the desired format of your voice recording in the "Formats" tab.
 4. Proceed to the lower sections of the menu to select the output file destination, its quality, and the device you will use for recording.
 5. Place a checkmark in the "split file" section, if you are working with a really long video. This way your output audio will be split into several recordings. It will come in handy during the matching of your recording with the video. Mistiming can't be fixed with a single audio file in place, so having multiple files will help you perfectly adjust your sound and video tracks.
 6. Select the duration of your audio chunks in the drop-down menu on the right depending on the length of your video.
 7. Press the "Start Recording" button at the top right corner of the screen. Launching your video in a separate window might be a good idea too. You want to know what you are commenting, right? Press "Stop Recording" when you are ready and close the "Voice Recorder" window.
 8. Go back to VSDC video editing window with your imported video. Right-click your video on a timeline and go to "Audio Effects --> Amplitude --> Silence". This will silence the original soundtrack of your video.
 How to silence the original audio track in VSDC
 9. Go to the "Editor" tab, select "Add Object" and choose "Audio" from the drop-down list. Now proceed to the location on your computer where you saved you recordings, import them to the timeline and use drag-and-drop motion to place them in line with the video segments they are intended for.
As you have probably noticed, both methods lead to the same result: your recorded audio files placed beside your video on a timeline in the correct sequence. The only difference is, with a free method, you have to manually record, import and position them. With an easy method, manual work is taken out of the equation, making voice over videos much faster. Which one is better? You tell us :-)


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I want to check if a string only contains the sign in the above expression, just want to make sure no more weird sign like #%&/() are in the strings.
I am wondering if there's any difference between these two regular expression? Did the beginning and ending sign matter? Will it affect the result somehow?
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When inside of []s, it's best to put the '-' character, when used to match the character '-', at the end of the [], as in [A-Za-z0-9_-]. Otherwise it's possible to misread your form as "9 to underscore" before seeing that it's actually '0 to 9, -, and '. It also sometimes happens that people change, say, 'A-C-' to 'ABC-_' and forget that changing the first - affects how the second is interpreted. – Andrew Dalke Dec 14 '11 at 17:44
3 Answers 3
up vote 1 down vote accepted
The beginning and end sign match the beginning and end of a String.
The first will match any String that contains zero or more ocurrences of the class [A-Za-z0-9-_] (basically any string whatsoever...).
The second will match an empty String, but not one that contains characters not defined in [A-Za-z0-9-_]
share|improve this answer
Python regular expressions are anchored at the beginning of strings (like in many other languages): hence the ^ sign at the beginning doesn't make any difference. However, the $ sign does very much make one: if you don't include it, you're only going to match the beginning of your string, and the end could contain anything – including the characters you want to exclude. Just try re.match("[a-z0-9]", "abcdef/%&").
In addition to that, you may want to use a regular expression that simply excludes the characters you're testing for, it's much safe (hence [^#%&/()] – or maybe you have to do something to escape the parentheses; can't remember how it works at the moment).
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Python offers two match methods, match and search - make sure you use the right one, as search is not anchored. – Mark Ransom Dec 14 '11 at 15:40
Yes it will. A regex can match anywhere in its input. # will match in your first regex.
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Feb 26, 2016 / Haseeb Jamal -
5 Travel Myths You Need to Stop Believing Right Now
Feb 26, 2016 / Haseeb Jamal -
Canal Comes Alive with Lighted Boat Parade.
Calculation, Effects & Applications of Hydraulic Jump
By: Haseeb Jamal / On: Feb 14, 2017 / Definition, Fluid Mechanics
In order to describe the super critical flow and sub critical flow, there is need to define the Froude number. Froude number can be defined as the velocity divided by the square root of gravitational constant multiplied by the depth. It is dimensionless quantity.
F = V/ vG x D
Where V is velocity of water, D is depth of flow of water and G is gravitational constant. Froude number is an indicator of resistance of object moving in the water. If the Froude number is less than 1, then the flow of water is said to be as the sub critical flow. While if the Froude number is greater than 1, then the flow of water is said to be as the super critical flow. If it is equal to 1, then flow is said to be as the critical flow. As sub critical flow of water is reflection of slow moving deep water. On the other hand super critical flow is indicator of fast moving shallow water. Super critical flow is unstable form of flow whiles the sub critical is stable one
Now move toward the hydraulic jump, it can be defined as rise in the level of water when the water transforms its super critical form into the sub critical one i.e. from unstable state to the stable one. This phenomenon can be observed on spillways of the dam. As it's the nature of water to gain its stability after it is being unstable. The place where hydraulic jump occurs, a lot of energy is dissipated in the form of heat energy. We can say that hydraulic jump is dissipator of extra energy of water. This phenomenon is usually used in spillways of the dam to reduce the erosive power of super critical flow. Otherwise it will affect the dam structure.
Calculation of hydraulic jump:
Height of hydraulic jump can be calculated by the formula:
Y2 - Y1
Hydraulic Jump
Where Y1 is depth of flow on the sub critical side, while Y2 is depth of flow after the hydraulic jump. It can be illustrated with the help of diagram.
We can say that Y1 is depth at the state of stable sub critical while on the other hand Y2 is the height of the flow after the hydraulic jump.Y1 can be calculated easily. While Y2 can be calculated by the formula:
Y1/2 + vY12/4 + 2Y1 x V12/g
Effect of Hydraulic Jump
It is very common in the field of hydraulics to use hydraulic jump. It is used to perform different functions. Some of the effects of the hydraulic jump are as under:
 - Actually the hydraulic jump usually acts as the energy dissipator. It clears the surplus energy of water.
 - Due to the hydraulic jump, many noticeable able disturbances are created in the flowing water like eddies, reverse flow.
 - Usually when the hydraulic jump takes place, the considerable amount of air is trapped in the water. That air can be helpful in removing the wastes in the streams that are causing pollution.
 - Hydraulic jump also make the work of different hydraulic structures, effective like weirs, notches and flumes etc.
Applications of Hydraulic Jump:
 1. Usually hydraulic jump reverses the flow of water. This phenomenon can be used to mix chemicals for water purification.
 2. Hydraulic jump usually maintains the high water level on the down stream side. This high water level can be used for irrigation purposes.
 3. Hydraulic jump can be used to remove the air from water supply and sewage lines to prevent the air locking.
 4. It prevents the scouring action on the down stream side of the dam structure.
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|Oracle Directory Server Enterprise Edition Man Page Reference 11g Release 1 (220.127.116.11.0)|
- Directory Proxy Server configuration property
This property specifies the mode used to retrieve time from the OS.
This property can take the following values in addition to the default.
Use a thread performing a system call every time-resolution milliseconds
Use a system call retrieving time in milliseconds
Use a system call retrieving time in microseconds
This property is used to configure the following features:
The global configuration of Directory Proxy Server contains properties that affect the overall operation of Directory Proxy Server.
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:


text:
Reports & Briefings
Briefing: EU gas infrastructure and EFSI: time for change
- Category: Reports & Briefs
- Published: 22 February 2017
This briefing shows that further public investment in EU gas infrastructure is likely to represent bad value for money, given:
- the very limited need for new gas investment for security of supply;
- the change of the market where gas demand is falling;
- the failure to test new gas infrastructure against EU climate and energy targets;
- the opportunity cost of not investing scarce EU public funds in other more productive areas, notably energy efficiency, renewable energies and electricity grids.
As a result, funding for new gas infrastructure under the EFSI 2.0 should be phased out. This would send a powerful signal that the EU will properly implement the Paris Agreement and create a much needed international precedent.


What Does The Clock Is Ticking Mean?
The Clock in Ticking Meaning
Definition: There's not much time left; hurry up.
This expression is an indirect way to urge someone to go faster. It reminds the person that there isn't an infinite amount of time for something to happen.
Origin of the Clock is Ticking
It is unclear exactly when this idiom originated, but it started to increase in popularity around the second half of the 1900s.
It most likely relates to the idea that a ticking clock reminds someone of the passage of time. It keeps them aware of managing their time efficiently.
Examples of the Clock is Ticking
body clock is tickingIn the dialogue below, two men use the idiom while on a fishing trip.
Robert: We've been here for a day and a half, and we still haven't caught anything!
Marty: I know. You have to be patient. Sometimes the fish are biting, and sometimes they aren't. If we stay here long enough, I'm sure we'll catch something.
Robert: I agree, but the clock is ticking! We have to go back home in a few hours. If we don't catch something soon, we won't have time to catch anything before we leave.
Marty: Well, there's really nothing else we can do other than wait.
The second dialogue shows two students talking about the cookies they are baking.
Josh: What time does the party start?
Jeff: As I told you before, it starts at 7. I should remind you that it is already 6:30, so we don't have much time left.
Josh: I know. I'm sorry I started baking the cookies for the party so late. I'm going as fast as I can.
Jeff: I understand, but try to go a little bit faster. The clock is ticking, you know!
Josh: I know! I'll speed up the process as much as possible.
More Examples
This excerpt is from a movie review. It says that the heroes need to hurry to beat the evil villain.
 - The clock is ticking, too, because the nefarious Rita Repulsa (Elizabeth Banks) has emerged from an ancient ocean slumber to terrorize the town, find an all-powerful crystal and steal enough gold to reform the enormous monster Goldar. –USA Today
This excerpt is about a government agency that needs to hurry.
 - There's no immediate rush for answers since Congress two years ago extended ISS operations until 2024. But the clock is ticking: the NASA Transition Authorization Act of 2017 President Trump signed Tuesday requires the agency begin charting the space station's future beyond 2024. –USA Today
The phrase the clock is ticking is an expression that encourages someone to rush.


Contents - Index
Master Pitch Range, Pitch Tab
User Level: Basic, Advanced
MIDI File Usage: Playback, Notate
Normally, you should try to restrict the pitch range to the smallest possible range that contains all notes present in the audio file, but not beyond. This will improve both conversion speed and accuracy. You can use the Auto Detect feature to help set this range. You can in theory specify a pitch range from C0 up to G10 (MIDI note numbers 0 through 127, if the sample rate of the audio file is 44100 Hz), assuming Middle C is C5 (MIDI note number 60), but we don't recommend it. A larger range also requires more memory. For comparison, a piano has a pitch range of A1 to C9. The default range changes based on the range of the Audio Instrument you select. Generally, a 4 octave range is sufficient. Be especially careful not to set the Low note too high; if the created MIDI file contains many wrong notes, try lowering the Low note by an octave. (If you have the Ensemble Edition of intelliScore and you are using an ensemble that contains multiple pitch ranges, the pitch range on the Pitch tab sets the overall range; pitches outside the overall range are ignored even if one or more of the ensembles pitch ranges include them. The pitch range on the Pitch tab is duplicated as the Master Pitch Range in the Ensemble Editor; changes to one affect the other.) You can specify the pitch range by using the slider, or by typing the note value in the High and Low boxes. To set the low note using the slider, drag the slider knob down to the desired value. The value you select is displayed in the Low box. To set the high note, drag the slider knob up to the desired value while pressing the key. The value you select is displayed in the High box.
The first example has a pitch range of E5 - G5. The second example has a pitch range of E5 - E6.


text:
ACHTUNG – PRIVATISATION A NAZI LEGACY
Achtung – Privatisation a Nazi legacy!! ~ Michael Gold.
Mrs Thatcher is universally credited with creating the privatisation regime that now extends across most of the planet – yet the real roots of privatisation originated in Nazi Germany. The Spanish economist Germà Bel1 has traced the origins of the word 'privatisation' to the German word, reprivatisierung – denationalisation – and the term was first used in English by the Berlin correspondent of the Economist in 19361 to describe how the Nazi economy worked.


text:
The standard method would be something like
foo = bar(foo)
This is not possible in Ruby. You'll have to write
foo = bar(foo).
Another option would be to let
foo be a mutable object. Then
bar could call methods on it to mutate it. For example, if
foo is a String, Hash, or Array,
bar could call
foo.replace to modify the object that
foo refers to.


Hawaii's Inhumane Frog Policy
coqui frog in Hawaii
For more, see our website, _URL_.
3 thoughts on "Hawaii's Inhumane Frog Policy
 1. having been to hilo and being a frog loving resident of honolulu I would like to point out that the sounds of the coqui frog are not necessarily…cute. While I get used to them, and I personally don't mind them so much, they are certainly a deafening roar. It seems like you don't understand the gravity of how loud these things can be when they thrive. Also, it is selfish to protect nonnative species just because they are cute or favorable to some people. The fact of the matter is that all native species in Hawaii have become defenseless over thousands of years of isolation, so it is incredibly easy for invasive species to take root and destroy the natural habitat and degrade our ecosystem. It has happened too many times to count, with ants, rats, pigs, chickens, parrots, cane toads, invasive algae, strawberry guava trees, octopus trees, and so on and so forth. It is a great battle in Hawaii to protect our biodiversity, and to be honest we're loosing it. Hawaii (which also is home to some of the largest amount of endemic species on the planet) has one of the highest extinction rates in the world, because of mainly one thing: Invasive species. It is ignorant to compare coqui's to protected native organisms. While I personally love all frogs, these do not belong in Hawaii. They are malignant to the natural habitat of the islands, despite their loud night time conversations. We brought them here, and unfortunately due to our irresponsibility we are faced with the task of eradicating them before it is too late. By all means protect them where they are naturally, but please don't encourage invasive species. They are already harmful enough without your short sighted input. Sorry to be harsh. have a good day.
 2. You neglected to address the author's point about not treating them inhumanely. Why not let people transport them back to their native area if they want to? Is it really necessary to burn them with acid instead?
Comments are closed.


text:
Hyperspectral sensing of acid sulphate soils and their environmental impacts in South Yunderup, Western Australia
MetadataShow full item record
Several sources of hyperspectral data were used to map the occurrence and spread of acid sulfate soils (AAS). Surface evolution of mineralogy during controlled oxidation of sulphidic material showed the formation of secondary iron minerals linked to soil pH ranges. Spectral characterization, image classification and PLSR of hyperspectral data successfully mapped the occurrence of surface and subsurface acid conditions and related toxicity by linking mineralogy to pH.


text:
Tobacco use dates back over 1300 yrs
Washington, Jan 12 (ANI): Nicotine traces have been discovered in a 1,300-year-old Mayan flask decorated with hieroglyphics that apparently point to the intended contents, researchers say.
A scientist at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and an anthropologist from the University at Albany teamed up to use ultra-modern chemical analysis technology at Rensselaer to analyze ancient Mayan pottery for proof of tobacco use in the ancient culture.
Dmitri Zagorevski, director of the Proteomics Core in the Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies (CBIS) at Rensselaer, and Jennifer Loughmiller-Newman, a doctoral candidate at the University at Albany, have discovered the first physical evidence of tobacco in a Mayan container.
The interior of the vessel had not been cleaned, leaving the interior unmodified and the residue protected from contamination.
The approximately two-and-a-half-inch wide and high clay vessel bears Mayan hieroglyphics, reading "the home of his/her tobacco."
The vessel, part of the large Kislak Collection housed at the Library of Congress, was made around 700 A.D. in the region of the Mirador Basin, in Southern Campeche, Mexico, during the Classic Mayan period.
Tobacco use has long been associated with the Mayans, thanks to previously deciphered hieroglyphics and illustrations showing smoking gods and people, but physical evidence of the activity is exceptionally limited, according to the researchers.
Zagorevski used the technology within CBIS at Rensselaer, usually reserved to study modern diseases and proteins, to analyze the contents of the vessel for the chemical fingerprint of tobacco.
The technology included gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) and high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS).
Both are analytical chemistry techniques that combine the physical separation capabilities of gas or liquid chromatography with the analysis capabilities of mass spectrometry. The latter is used to determine molecular weights of compounds, their elemental composition, and structural characteristics.
Zagorevski and Loughmiller-Newman's analysis of the vessel found nicotine, an important component of tobacco in residues scraped from the container.
Both techniques confirmed the presence of nicotine. In addition, three oxidation products of nicotine were also discovered. Nicotine oxidation occurs naturally as the nicotine in tobacco is exposed to air and bacteria.
None of the nicotine byproducts associated with the smoking of tobacco were found in the vessel, indicating that the vessel housed unsmoked tobacco leaves (possibly powered tobacco) and was not used as an ashtray.
No other evidence of nicotine has been found, at this time, in any of the other vessels in the collection.
The study will be published in journal Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry. (ANI)
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