Künneth theorem
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In mathematics, especially in homological algebra and algebraic topology, a Künneth theorem, also called a Künneth formula, is a statement relating the homology of two objects to the homology of their product. The classical statement of the Künneth theorem relates the singular homology of two topological spaces X and Y and their product space X × Y. In the simplest possible case the relationship is that of a tensor product, but for applications it is very often necessary to apply certain tools of homological algebra to express the answer.
A Künneth theorem or Künneth formula is true in many different homology and cohomology theories, and the name has become generic. These many results are named for the German mathematician Hermann Künneth.
Singular homology with coefficients in a field[edit]
Let X and Y be two topological spaces. In general one uses singular homology; but if X and Y happen to be CW complexes, then this can be replaced by cellular homology, because that is isomorphic to singular homology. The simplest case is when the coefficient ring for homology is a field F. In this situation, the Künneth theorem (for singular homology) states that for any integer k,
\bigoplus_{i + j = k} H_i(X; F) \otimes H_j(Y; F) \cong H_k(X \times Y; F).
Furthermore, the isomorphism is a natural isomorphism. The map from the sum to the homology group of the product is called the cross product. More precisely, there is a cross product operation by which an i-cycle on X and a j-cycle on Y can be combined to create an (i+j)-cycle on X × Y; so that there is an explicit linear mapping defined from the direct sum to Hk(X × Y).
A consequence of this result is that the Betti numbers, the dimensions of the homology with Q coefficients, of X × Y can be determined from those of X and Y. If pZ(t) is the generating function of the sequence of Betti numbers bk(Z) of a space Z, then
p_{X \times Y}(t) = p_X(t) p_Y(t).
Here when there are finitely many Betti numbers of X and Y, each of which is a natural number rather than ∞, this reads as an identity on Poincaré polynomials. In the general case these are formal power series with possibly infinite coefficients, and have to be interpreted accordingly. Furthermore, the above statement holds not only for the Betti numbers but also for the generating functions of the dimensions of the homology over any field. (If the integer homology is not torsion-free then these numbers may differ from the standard Betti numbers.)
Singular homology with coefficients in a principal ideal domain[edit]
The above formula is simple because vector spaces over a field have very restricted behavior. As the coefficient ring becomes more general, the relationship becomes more complicated. The next simplest case is the case when the coefficient ring is a principal ideal domain. This case is particularly important because the integers Z are a PID.
In this case the equation above is no longer always true. A correction factor appears to account for the possibility of torsion phenomena. This correction factor is expressed in terms of the Tor functor, the first derived functor of the tensor product.
When R is a PID, then the correct statement of the Künneth theorem is that for any topological spaces X and Y there are natural short exact sequences
0 \to \bigoplus_{i + j = k} H_i(X; R) \otimes_R H_j(Y; R) \to H_k(X \times Y; R) \to \bigoplus_{i + j = k-1} \mathrm{Tor}_1^R(H_i(X; R), H_j(Y; R)) \to 0.
Furthermore these sequences split, but not canonically.
The short exact sequences just described can easily be used to compute the homology groups with integer coefficients of the product P2(R) × P2(R) of two real projective planes, in other words Hk(P2(R) × P2(R); Z). These spaces are CW complexes. Denoting the homology group Hi(P2(R); Z) by hi for brevity's sake, one knows from a simple calculation with cellular homology that
hi = 0 for all other values of i.
The only non-zero Tor group (torsion product) which can be formed from these values of hi is
\mathrm{Tor}^{\mathbf{Z}}_1(h_1, h_1) \cong \mathrm{Tor}^{\mathbf{Z}}_1(\mathbf{Z}/(2),\mathbf{Z}/(2))\cong \mathbf{Z}/(2).
Therefore the Künneth short exact sequence reduces in every degree to an isomorphism, because there is a zero group in each case on either the left or the right side in the sequence. The result is
H_0 \left (\mathbf{P}^2(\mathbf{R}) \times \mathbf{P}^2(\mathbf{R});\mathbf{Z} \right )\; &\cong \;h_0 \otimes h_0 \;\cong \;\mathbf{Z} \\
H_1 \left (\mathbf{P}^2(\mathbf{R}) \times \mathbf{P}^2(\mathbf{R});\mathbf{Z} \right )\; &\cong \; h_0 \otimes h_1 \; \oplus \; h_1 \otimes h_0 \;\cong \;\mathbf{Z}/(2)\oplus \mathbf{Z}/(2) \\
H_2 \left (\mathbf{P}^2(\mathbf{R}) \times \mathbf{P}^2(\mathbf{R});\mathbf{Z} \right )\; &\cong \;h_1 \otimes h_1 \;\cong \;\mathbf{Z}/(2) \\
H_3 \left (\mathbf{P}^2(\mathbf{R}) \times \mathbf{P}^2(\mathbf{R});\mathbf{Z} \right )\; &\cong \;\mathrm{Tor}^{\mathbf{Z}}_1(h_1,h_1) \;\cong \;\mathbf{Z}/(2) \\
and all the other homology groups are zero.
The Künneth spectral sequence[edit]
For a general commutative ring R, the homology of X and Y is related to the homology of their product by a Künneth spectral sequence
E_{pq}^2 = \bigoplus_{q_1 + q_2 = q} \mathrm{Tor}^R_p(H_{q_1}(X; R), H_{q_2}(Y; R)) \Rightarrow H_{p+q}(X \times Y; R).
In the cases described above, this spectral sequence collapses to give an isomorphism or a short exact sequence.
Relation with homological algebra, and idea of proof[edit]
The chain complex of the space X × Y is related to the chain complexes of X and Y by a natural quasi-isomorphism
C_*(X \times Y) \cong C_*(X) \otimes C_*(Y).
For singular chains this is the theorem of Eilenberg and Zilber. For cellular chains on CW complexes, it is a straightforward isomorphism. Then the homology of the tensor product on the right is given by the spectral Künneth formula of homological algebra.[1]
The freeness of the chain modules means that in this geometric case it is not necessary to use any hyperhomology or total derived tensor product.
There are analogues of the above statements for singular cohomology and sheaf cohomology. For sheaf cohomology on an algebraic variety, Grothendieck found six spectral sequences relating the possible hyperhomology groups of two chain complexes of sheaves and the hyperhomology groups of their tensor product.[2]
Künneth theorems in generalized homology and cohomology theories[edit]
There are many generalized or extraordinary homology and cohomology theories for topological spaces. K-theory and cobordism are the best-known. Their striking common feature (not their definition) is that they do not arise from ordinary chain complexes. Thus Künneth theorems can not be obtained by the above methods of homological algebra. Nevertheless Künneth theorems in just the same form have been proved in very many cases by various other methods. The first were Atiyah's Künneth theorem for complex K-theory and Conner and Floyd's result in cobordism.[3][4] A general method of proof emerged, based upon a homotopical theory of modules over highly structured ring spectra.[5] The homotopy category of such modules closely resembles the derived categories of homological algebra.
 1. ^ See final chapter of Mac Lane, Saunders (1963), Homology, Berlin: Springer, ISBN 0-387-038


text:
Disabling the Windows System Restore feature avoids some I/O operations to the file system and can reduce the growth of an instant clone's or a View Composer linked clone's virtual disk.
About this task
With System Restore, you can revert a machine's state to a previous point in time. You can achieve the same result with the push image operation for instant clones and the recompose or refresh operation for View Composer linked clones. Furthermore, with instant clones, when a user logs off, the machine is recreated, making a system restore unnecessary
The following steps apply to Windows 7 and Windows 8. The steps might vary on different Windows operating systems.
- In vSphere Client, select the parent virtual machine and select Open Console.
- Log in as an administrator.
- Click.
- Select Task Scheduler and click Open.
- In the left pane, expand Task Scheduler Library, Microsoft, Windows.
- Double-click SystemRestore and select SR.
- In the Actions pane, click Disable.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
The IRATA Level 1 rope access training course is the entry-level operator qualification level. It's aimed at individuals with little or zero previous experience in environments in which ropes and associated equipment are used to gain access to hard-to-reach or at-height locations in order to carry out work. Click here for pricing information on an IRATA certification.
In this course, students will learn to operate the following rope access methods in a safe and efficient manner under direct supervision of an IRATA Level 3 technician:
Students complete the above coursework over a five-day period under supervision of an IRATA Level 3 technician, with four days of training followed by a one-day assessment. The course is designed to educate students about the following on-the-job situations:


A tank of 50 ft^3 volume contains saturated ammonia at a pressure of 200 lbf/in^2. Initially the tank contains 50% liquid and 50% vapor by volume. Vapor is withdraw from the top of the tank until the pressure is 100 lbf/in^2. Assuming that only vapor (i.e., no liquid) leaves and that the process is adiabatic, calculate the mass of ammonia withdrawn.
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understanding why public health is needed
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understanding why public health is needed
Part 1: 100 words give an opinion of each reading with reference
 Disease entities should be listed as official causes of death
How would your choice affect public health and how we track disease?
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understanding why public health is needed. Hello class, as I went over this week's lesson there were many different things to learn about in public health and the understanding of why public health is needed throughout the world is very important. We live in a world with many different diseases and many different causes of deaths whether it be diseases, illnesses, or accidents but it is vital to know what causes it and how in the future to prevent it and what steps to take so it may not happen to others. Those who work with Public Health helps keep the health of the population by monitoring, regulating, and promoting the great significance of health in general.
I chose to speak on topic one and I think it is extremely important that disease entities be listed as the official causes of death. According to Hucklenbroich (2014) it is the concept of disease entity that is the key importance for understanding medical pathology and theory of disease. Disease entity is placed in a category where it offers the explanation of the individual cases of being ill and for the practical purpose of the diagnosis. The word 'disease' is designated for the whole course of the individual case from the beginning or the first cause to its outcome in contrast to single manifestations, symptoms, or findings in the case (Hucklenbroich, 2014). When using 'disease entity' it helps designate the type or pattern to which the disease belongs. It is believed that the system of disease entities fulfills two principles which are the Principle of completeness and Principle of unambiguousness (Hucklenbroich, 2014).
understanding why public health is needed
Hucklenbroich, P. (2014, December). Disease entity as the key theoretical concept of medicine. The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy: A Forum for Bioethics and Philosophy of Medicine, Volume 39, Issue 6, 1, Pages 609–633, _URL_
Hartlaub, P., Swain, G.R., Ward, G. K. (2005, February). Death certificates: let's get it right. Am Fam Physician. 71(4): 652, 655-656. Retrieved from _URL_
Part 2 100 words given an opinion of the reading with reference
To continue to track trends in death rates, underlying causes of disease entities should be listed on death certificates because there can be underlying causes for example lung cancer if the person smoked tobacco, but not all forms of lung cancer are caused by smoking so there should be an unknown or if known the reason could be included.
For public health tracking and programming for prevention and understanding if current methods are working are a valid reason for putting this information on death certificates. It is understandable that the appearance of this information on the death certificate could appear that people are blamed but the reality is the information would be used to further the overall health of the population.
There is discussion around documenting neurodegenerative diseases on death certificates as primary reasons of death due to the multilayers of neurodegenerative diseases that makes listing
the cause of death difficult (Marian, 2017). Most of the death certificates reviewed did not mention the neurodegenerative disease, death was typically acute (Marian, 2017). Further discussion was around how diseases that brought people to hospitals were complicated by sepsis and this may or may not be reflected on death certificates (Govindan, 2014). It is the belief of researchers that record keeping is the same worldwide and needs to be improved.
Govindan, S. (2014). Death Certificates Underestimate Infections as proximal causes of death in
the U.S.. PLoS ONE, 1-4.
Marian, M. (2017). Death certificate data and causes of death in patients with parkinsonism.
Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, 99-103.
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RoRBook/Basic Truck Requirements
From Rigs of Rods Wiki
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Note: Tutorials marked red are currently not available!
 1. Introduction
 2. Working Environment
 3. Land-based Vehicles and Basics
 1. Basic Requirements
 2. First Beams/Nodes
 3. Rigidity
 4. Wheels
 5. Engine
 6. Suspension
 7. Steering
 8. Commands
 9. Hooks
 10. Submeshes
 11. Flares
 12. Props
 13. Details
 4. Objects and Texturing
 1. Meshes
 1. Tools
 2. Basic Rules
 2. Materials
 3. Flexbodies
 5. Aircraft and Winged Vehicles
 1. Simple Aircraft
 2. Wings
 3. Fusedrag
 4. Engines
 1. Props
 2. Jets
 6. Nautical Vehicles and Boats
 1. Simple Boats
 2. Engines
 7. Packaging
Basic Vehicle Requirements
There are certain necessities for a truck that you need to have in place in order for it to function within Rigs of Rods. Not including certain sections can yield different results, from making the vehicle explode upon spawning, to its nonappearance in the selection menu, to crashing the game outright. Thus, it is important you get all the necessary sections in order before you go about putting in the optional ones. Read through every section of this because they're all necessary (except the cinecam and cameras sections when dealing with loads/trailers).
File Format
Your vehicle should have a file format/suffix depending on its type. The following table shows the types of vehicle and their formats.
Vehicle Type File Format
Ground Vehicle.truck
Air Vehicle.airplane
Sea Vehicle.boat
Trailer Load.trailer
Other Load.load
Machine/fixed object.fixed
For example, if I'm making a truck for Rigs of Rods, I might call it mytruck.truck, although obviously, what comes before the suffix is entirely up to you.
There are two different places to put your vehicle files.
Vehicles Folder
While editing your vehicle, it is best to put it in the "vehicles" folder ("C:\Documents and Settings\Rigs of Rods\vehicles" on Windows systems). If, for example, one were creating "mytruck.truck", then one would create a folder within the "vehicles" folder called "mytruck". Within this folder, one would place "mytruck.truck" as well as all files associated with it. (meshes, material files, etc.)
Zip Files
When one is preparing to release a vehicle, one ought to transfer it to a zip file. This makes the file more portable and easier to release on the Rigs of Rods Repository. To make a zip file for "mytruck.truck", one would take all the files contained within "mytruck" and place them in a zip archive called "". This zip can then be moved to the "Packs" folder ("C:\Documents and Settings\Rigs of Rods\Packs" on Windows systems).
You should name your vehicle before you go about doing anything else. The title must go on the very first line of the file. For example, if I want my vehicle to be called "My Truck", on Line 1 of my vehicle's file I put My Truck. Type it in as you want it to appear on the menuthere is no special syntax to worry about.
Here, we set our vehicle's mass, the mass of the load nodes and the material to be used on your vehicle. If you're planning on using a mesh, then you can just use "tracks/semi" for the material, but if you're going to use a Submesh Submesh to give your vehicle its appearance, it's a requirement.
;dry mass, cargo mass, material
 10000.0, 1000.0, tracks/semi
The globals section comes before the nodes and beams. The first number, called the "dry mass", in the above example, defines the mass, in kilograms, our vehicle will attempt to be. (each node has a minimum mass of 50kg.) The second number, called the "cargo mass", defines the mass of the nodes whose flag (see RoRBook/First Beams and Nodes#Nodes) is "l". These nodes are also known as the load nodes. The material, as stated above, defines the material and texture that is to be used on the submesh sections of your truck. This part of the globals is not important if you are going to make it fully out of a mesh (or multiple meshes), in which case you may simply use the material "tracks/semi".
This section is not necessary for a trailer or other load (unless you want to be able to get in your trailer or load [to activate custom flares on the trailer, for example]). It is also not necessary in airplanes or boats. In order to get into your vehicle, you will need an engine, so it's necessary for all the other vehicle types. You can find out how to use the engine section here: RoRBook/Engine
Nodes & Beams
You'll need nodes and beams - these are what make up any vehicle you see in-game. See RoRBook/First Beams and Nodes.
Cameras & Cinecam
These two sections are not at all needed if you're making a trailer or other load, unless you need to be able to enter the trailer (for example, to activate custom flares on it).
However, all the other types of vehicle do need these sections.
;centre, rear, left
 0, 1, 2
The above guide image and example should prove quite helpful in creating cameras. The cameras section has to come after the nodes and beam sections, and it consists of 3 numbers. These 3 numbers are nodes that have been defined in the nodes section, and are used to define the position of the vehicle. The pitch and roll indicators (and the similar attitude indicators in aircraft), for example, use these camera nodes to get the orientation of the vehicle. It also, as the name suggests, orients the camera views.
The first node is the centre node, and it must be aligned with both the rear and the left nodes, as is visible in the guide image. The rear node must be behind the centre node, so that if you look at the vehicle from the front, the rear node is hidden by the centre node. The left node should be to the left of the centre node, so that if you look at the vehicle from the right, the left node is hidden by the centre node.
;x, y, z, 8 bindings, spring, damping
0.66, 2.0, 1.8, 75,76,77,78,73,74,53,54, 8000.0, 800.0
The cinecam node is a node suspended with 8 beams used to define the position of the interior/first-person camera of your vehicle. Like the cameras section it must come after the nodes & beam sections.
The first 3 values define the position of the cinecam node, and are fairly self-explanatory. Like the nodes section, these values are in metres.
The next 8 values are nodes. Rigs of Rods will create beams from each of these nodes to your cinecam, in order to hold it in place.
The final 2 values define the spring and the damping factors of the beams that support your camera. The spring factor defines how stiff the beams are - the higher this number, the more stiff your camera is in terms of its position. The damping factor defines the beams' resistance to motion.
Those 2 values are optional, and if you don't include them the values will default to a spring rate of 8000.00 and a damping factor of 800.00.
The End
The final requirement for the file is a simple three-letter word, "end". This is the very last line of your file and simply closes your vehicle file. If you don't have this, Rigs of Rods may crash or have other issues (for example, sometimes the lack of the "end" means that physics will never be calculated upon the vehicle).
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text:
Thank you for your inquiry.
The question you asked is one that is commonly discussed, but unfortunately, one which does not have a definitive answer. There are very little data in the literature regarding the stability of epinephrine in an automatic epinephrine injector exposed to temperatures outside the recommended range. I know of none that have looked at the effect of one day of storage out of this range. There is one study of which I am aware by Dr. Simons and colleagues (see abstract copied below) that has addressed this issue in terms of longer periods of time.
I have also copied below the instructions for storage (suggested ranges of temperature) to assure stability of the injectors for both the EpiPen and the Auvi-Q. As you can see, they are relatively similar instructions.
However, in practice, it is quite common for patients to be forced to store their injectors in temperature ranges outside of those recommended by the package insert. The manner in which one handles this, however, is based upon experience and clinical judgment without any evidence-based guidelines. Thus the only opinion I can offer you is not based on either consensus recommendation, or evidence-based, published literature.
However, unless the epinephrine in the autoinjector has frozen (and requires re-thawing), I would not replace an injector after one night or day of storage outside the recommended range.
Thank you again for your inquiry and we hope this response is helpful to you.
Long-term stability of epinephrine dispensed in unsealed syringes for the first-aid treatment of anaphylaxis
Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology
Volume 102, Issue 6, June 2009, Pages 500–503
Background: When epinephrine autoinjectors are unavailable or unaffordable, patients at risk for anaphylaxis in the community are sometimes provided with an unsealed syringe containing a premeasured epinephrine dose for use in first-aid treatment of anaphylaxis episodes.
Objectives: To study the stability of epinephrine solution in unsealed syringes under conditions of high ambient temperature, low vs high humidity, and light vs dark.
Methods: Forty unsealed syringes each containing an epinephrine dose of 0.3 mg (as a 1-mg/mL epinephrine solution) were stored at 38°C for 5 months, with 10 syringes at each of 4 different standardized storage conditions: dark and light at low (15%) humidity and dark and light at high (95%) humidity. Duplicate syringes were removed monthly from each storage environment and analyzed for epinephrine content vs control syringes.
Results: The epinephrine dose, expressed as the percentage remaining of the mean control dose, was below compendial limits (90% to 115% of label claim) by 3 months after storage at 38°C and low humidity and by 4 months after storage at 38°C and high humidity. Light had no significant effect.
Conclusion: In hot climates, if an unsealed syringe prefilled with an epinephrine dose is provided for the first-aid treatment of anaphylaxis, it should be replaced every few months on a regular basis with a new syringe containing a fresh dose of epinephrine.
Storage and Stability
Always store EpiPen® or EpiPen® Jr in the carrier tube with the blue safety release on until you need to use it. Store at 25°C (77°F); EXCURSIONS PERMITTED TO 15° - 30°C (59 ° - 86°F).
Do not refrigerate. Protect from light. Periodically check to make sure the solution in the auto-injector is not brown in color. Replace if it is discolored or contains a precipitate.
16.2 Storage and Handling
Epinephrine is light sensitive and should be stored in the outer case provided to protect it from light. Store at 20°-25°C (68°-77°F); excursions permitted to 15°-30°C (59°-86°F). Do not refrigerate. Before using, check to make sure the solution in the auto-injector is clear and colorless. Replace the auto-injector if the solution is discolored, cloudy, or contains particles.
Phil Lieberman, M.D.


text:
By Vaudine England
BBC News, Hong Kong
A study by doctors in Hong Kong has concluded that epilepsy can be induced by the Chinese tile game of mahjong.
The study said the syndrome affects more men than women
The findings, published in the Hong Kong Medical Journal, were based on 23 cases of people who suffered mahjong-induced seizures.
The report's four authors, from Hong Kong's Queen Mary Hospital, said the best prevention - and cure - was to avoid playing mahjong.
The study led the doctors to define mahjong epilepsy as a unique syndrome.
Epileptic seizures can be provoked by a wide variety of triggers, but one cause increasingly evident to researchers is the playing - or even watching - of mahjong.
This Chinese tile game, played by four people round a table, can involve gambling and quickly becomes compulsive.
The game, which is intensely social and sometimes played in crowded mahjong parlours, involves the rapid movement of tiles in marathon sessions.
The doctors conclude that the syndrome affects far more men than women; that their average age is 54; and that it can hit sufferers anywhere between one to 11 hours into a mahjong game.
They say the attacks were not just caused by sleep deprivation or gambling stress.
Mahjong is cognitively demanding, drawing on memory, fast calculations, concentration, reasoning and sequencing.
The distinctive design of mahjong tiles, and the sound of the tiles crashing onto the table, may contribute to the syndrome.
The propensity of Chinese people to play mahjong also deserves further study, the doctors say.
What is certain though, is that the only sure way to avoid mahjong epilepsy, is to avoid mahjong, which for many people is easier said than done.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Google Analytics Tracking for Adobe Flash
The Google Analytics Tracking for Adobe Flash component makes it easy for you to implement Google Analytics in your Flash-driven content. This component, developed by Adobe Systems, Inc., contains all of the functionality of the Google Analytics Javascript code. The Flash Tracking component is a compiled tracking object native to ActionScript 3, making Analytics implementation intuitive in Flash, and Flex development environments.
Why Use Flash Tracking?
Without the Google Analytics Tracking for Adobe Flash component, tracking Adobe Flash content with Google Analytics involves a number of technical hurdles. First, you must develop a custom interface to ga.js so that your Flash application can execute the appropriate Analytics method, such as trackPageview() or trackEvent(). In addition, you must also anticipate whether your Flash content will have access to the browser Document Object Model (DOM), since tracking fails for those objects where access to the DOM is denied (typically when your content resides on 3rd party sites). This involves understanding how to use the ExternalInterface call in ActionScript 3 to access the browser DOM and to degrade when access is denied.
The Google Analytics for Adobe Flash component simplifies tracking your Flash content and handles DOM access gracefully. It is useful for a number of common tracking purposes in Flash, such as: :
 - an embedded Flash widget on an HTML page
 - a standalone Flex application or Flash-only site hosted on an HTML page
 - a distributed Flex/Flash game or program where the developer has no control over where the widget will be placed
Keep in mind that tracking applications in Flash has some structural variations from tracking website pages. Familiarity with Analytics Tracking is essential to understanding how this plug-in works. You can also view the Design Documentation for this project for detailed information on how the Analytics Tracking model has been ported over for this component.
Supported Development Environments
You can develop Analytics Tracking for Flash in either Adobe Flash or Adobe Flex environments. Each environment requires a different component, which you can download from These components are based on ActionScript 3 and can be set up in one of two ways for each environment:
In Adobe Flash
 - Add and configure a simple component in the component inspector and drag it to the stage.
 - Import the Flash Tracking libraries directly into your library and start coding.
In Adobe Flex
 - Include an MXML component that you configure from am MXML file.
 - Import the Flash Tracking libraries into your script tags/AS3 files.
How Does the Component Work?
In order to use the Flash tracking component in your environment, you either use the visual tools inside Flash, or you set up the tracking object directly in your code. Regardless of whether you are setting up the component visually or via code, you provide the following elements:
 - the web property ID—This is also known as the UA number of your tracking code and looks like UA-xxxxx-yy, where the x's and y's are replaced with the numbers that correspond to your account and view (profile) information for the object you are tracking. See Web Property for more information.
 - the tracking mode—Choose either bridge mode or AS3 mode. This mode determines how your tracking communicates with the Analytics servers and is described in detail below.
 - the debugging mode—No matter which environment or tracking mode you use, you can turn debugging on to validate and test your tracking.
Tracking Modes
Depending upon on how you distribute your Flash content, the Analytics for Flash component communicates to the Analytics servers either by bridging the communication between the Flash content on an existing Analytics tracking installation, or by communicating directly to the Analytics servers. These two modes are called bridge mode and AS3 mode, respectively. Both modes use the same Analytics tracking functionality, and it's easy to switch your Flash application from one mode to the other. In addition to choosing a communication mode for Analytics tracking, you can also use a debug mode to troubleshoot or validate your tracking.
In either mode, allowscriptaccess must equal always in order for campaign tracking to work. This parameter turns on read access to the page's URL and referrer information required by the Flash tracking code. Without allowscriptaccess, the Analytics tracking code degrades gracefully. It still provides most user activity data, but will not confirm to the Google Analytics campaign attribution model.
Bridge Mode
Use this mode if you control both the HTML page and the Flash content. This mode is best if you have already implemented Google Analytics (ga.js) tracking on your website and you want to add tracking to embedded Flash content. The bridge mode simplifies Flash-to-JavaScript communication by providing a unified ActionScript 3 interface to the ga.js code. It provides the connection from the ActionScript 3 calls to the Analytics JavaScript in order to make the tracking work.
The connection to the Google Analytics Tracking Code can be configured through the web property ID parameter in one of two ways:
 - Most common method. The Google Analytics Tracking Code object already exists on your page with its own name, such as pageTracker. In this case, you provide the full DOM reference to the tracking object. For example, if your object is called pageTracker, you would reference that object in your code as window.pageTracker. For example, the following code snippet illustrates how this would be configured using the Adobe Flex environment with ActionScript 3:
 tracker = new GATracker( this, "window.pageTracker", "Bridge", false );
 - Alternate method. If you have not created a page tracking object on your page, you can simply pass in your web property ID, and a JavaScript tracking code object will be created for you. With this method, reference to the base ga.js javascript source file is still required on your HTML page. The following code snippet illustrates how this would be configured using the Adobe Flex environment with ActionScript 3:
 tracker = new GATracker( this, "UA-12345-22", "Bridge", false );
In order for bridge mode to function correctly, ExternalInterface.available must be set to true in your ActionScript 3 code. This also means that allowScriptAccess should be set to always in the HTML page that embeds the Flash content. The following example illustrates HTML code configured for bridge mode:
 id="flex_component" width="800" height="600"


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Topic: How to use sensor signal trigger/stop code execution? (Read 384 times) previous topic - next topic
Hi I am very new to Arduino, so please excuse the simplicity of my question.
I try to do this:
Read 1st. Proximity sensor signal, then trigger/start my code execution, once get 2nd. Proximity sensor signal, then stop my code execution, and do something else, such as rotate stepper motor 500 rev.
Could somebody give me similar example to achieve this?
Thanks very much in advance.
You need a state variable:
Code: [Select]
byte started = 0
if sensor is triggered then
 started = 1 - started
if started then
 do stuff that doesn't use large delays()
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text:
variancep — aggregate function to return the population variance of a range of values.
This function computes a value for each record returned by the query predicate, or from the specified column of a base table, and returns the population variance of those values.
This variancep() function is similar to the variance() function, but is calculated using the biased (or n) method. The variancep() function is usually used when the incoming data represents the entire population of data. Use variance() instead when the incoming data represents a random sample.
expr must include the name of a
column in a LiveView table, where that column's data type is int, long, or double.
The returned value is of type double.
This example shows how to use dynamic aggregation to find the population variance of the values in a column. In the Hello LiveView sample, create a query that finds the population variance of the quantityRemaining field from the ItemSales table, grouping by Item. Follow these steps:
In LiveView Desktop connected to a server running the Hello LiveView sample, select the ItemsSales table from the Tables pane of the LiveView Tables view.
In the Select field, enter:
category, variancep(quantityRemaining) AS popvarQuantity
In the Query field, enter the following:
group by category
The query results open in a grid view. LiveView Server recalculates the population variance value whenever the rows returned by the query predicate change.
This LiveView aggregate function is based on the variancep aggregate function in the StreamBase expression language.


text:
Replace tedious calculations and reduce human error with AutoTURN's automated, accurate and visual assurance that your ramp and driveway designs are safe and efficient. AutoTURN's Generate Grade Template and Place Vertical Simulation tools ensure your ramp and driveway design will safely accommodate the vehicles that will use them – especially for low clearance vehicles.
Come watch this recorded AutoTURN Tips webinar on how to check your ramp and driveway designs quickly and accurately.
In this recording, we discuss how:
- The Generate Grade Template feature shows the maximum upward and downward grade capabilities of a vehicle, and
- The Place Vertical Simulation feature allows you to evaluate the vehicle profile to determine if the vehicle can safely negotiate the vertical profile and clear overhead elements.


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This beginner's guide explains the steps to change slide background color in LibreOffice Impress.
Although, changing the background color of a single slide or all slide is pretty straight forward still for beginner's it worthwhile to create an article.
How to Change Slide Background Color
- To change the slide background color in LibreOffice impress for a single slide, select a slide.
- Then from menu,
Click Slide --> Properties
- In the Slide setup dialog, go to Background Tab, click on the Color button. Choose the color of your choice and click ok.
- The color will be applied to the currently selected slide.
- To apply to the entire presentation i.e. all the slides, follow the next steps.
- To apply a background color to all slides, you have to change the Master Slide or we call it Slide Master.
- Slide Master contains your presentation's primary style slides. Whenever you make a change in Slide Master, it gets applied to all the slides in your presentation.
- Select any slide and in the right sidebar, click properties.
- Under Slide, click Master View.
- Now you can change the background color in the master view and Click Close Master View.
- The color will be applied to all the slides in your presentation.
- To remove the color from the background, click on the Slide Properties to pull up slide Setup dialog. In the Slide setup dialog, click on the NONE button and press OK. This will remove the color.
- Apart from color, you can also have the option to change slide background with Gradient, Any Image, Patterns, and Hatch.


kids encyclopedia robot
Kerry Bog Pony facts for kids
Kids Encyclopedia Facts
Quick facts for kids
Kerry Bog Pony
Young Kerry Bog Pony
Distinguishing features Small pony, uniquely adapted to boggy ground
Country of origin Ireland
Breed standards
Kerry Bog Pony Co-Operative Society of Ireland Breed standards
Horse (Equus ferus caballus)
The Kerry Bog Pony is a mountain and moorland breed of pony that originated in Ireland. Possibly descended from the Irish Hobby horse, it originally lived a mainly feral existence in the peat bogs of what is now County Kerry in southwestern Ireland. Local inhabitants used the ponies as pack and cart horses for transporting peat and kelp to the villages. The breed developed physical characteristics including a low weight-to-height ratio and an unusual footfall pattern, which helped it move on soft ground such as peat bogs. The ponies were known for hardiness and an ability to survive in harsh conditions.
War, increasing mechanisation and declines in the local small-farm population almost resulted in the breed's extinction. In 1994, a local man found and genetically tested a herd of 20 ponies he used as the foundation stock for rebuilding of the breed. In the early 2000s, the breed was recognised by the Irish Department of Agriculture and Food and the European Commission; equine passports began to be issued for members of the breed, and small numbers of ponies were exported to the United States. At the same time, Irish and American breed registries were formed. As of 2011, the registered population is more than 300 ponies.
Kerry Bog Pony head
The head and thick mane and forelock of a Kerry Bog Pony
Kerry Bog Ponies generally stand 10 to 12 hands (40 to 48 inches, 102 to 122 cm) high. The Irish breed standard calls for mares to stand 10–11 hands and stallions and geldings to stand 11–12 hands. Their low weight-to-height ratio enables them to walk on wet ground. Their hind feet tend to track outside their front feet, allowing better progress on soft ground. They exhibit a relatively upright pastern and steep hoof angle compared to other breeds, possibly another characteristic that aids their movement in peat bogs. Kerry Bog Ponies are easy keepers, and when feral they lived on low-nutrient heather, sphagnum moss and possibly kelp from the shoreline. Overall, they are muscular and strong and their heads have concave profiles, small ears and large eyes. Their winter coat is long and dense, serving as protection from harsh weather. All solid coat colours are found, including dilute colours such as palomino, and white markings are common. Pinto-coloured animals are not accepted by the Irish registry. The breed is known by enthusiasts for strength, intelligence and athleticism, and generally used for driving, as companion animals and for therapeutic riding programs.
Kerry Bog Ponies were historically known in Ireland as "hobbies", possibly derived from the Gaelic practice of obaireacht, or the calling out of "Hup, Hup" to attract a pony back to the farmyard. It is considered one of the mountain and moorland pony breeds from Britain and Ireland. A 2006 study using mitochondrial DNA found that the Kerry Bog Pony is not closely related to the other two native Irish breeds, the Irish Draught and the Connemara pony. It has a rare haplogroup more closely related to other small horse breeds found in western Europe, including the Shetland pony and Icelandic horse. A 2012 study found relationships between the Kerry Bog Pony and the Dartmoor Pony and Exmoor Pony breeds, and a lack of common ancestry with the Welsh Pony, as well as reinforcing the lack of relationship to the Connemara. The study also suggested that the Kerry Bog Pony population had some amount of crossbreeding with other mountain and moorland breeds as part of the initial attempts to increase the population in the 1990s. The Kerry Bog Pony may have been one of several breeds that contributed to the development of the Gypsy Vanner horse (also known as the Irish Cob).
Kerry bog pony stallion
A stallion with pack saddle
The original ancestry of the Kerry Bog Pony is unknown, but there were horses living a feral existence in peat bogs in what is now County Kerry in southwestern Ireland since at least the 1600s. Some enthusiasts claim that the breed is a descendant of the ancient Irish Hobby. In a 1617 book illustration, the horses pictured resemble both the Kerry Bog Pony of today and the original Irish Hobby, showing the two breeds' similar morphology. Originally, Kerry Bog Ponies were used to transport peat and kelp. They were known for their ability to navigate through the bogs, around soft spots and over rocks often in wet and windy weather, and for their strength relative to their small size. Some were trained to work in harness and used to pull carts. The ponies were turned loose into the peat bogs when they were not needed, then later re-caught for work. Few if any breeding programs existed; instead, they were left to reproduce in their feral setting. In 1720, Isaac Ware travelled to County Kerry and observed that the horses resembled Asturcón ponies from Spain.
The British cavalry became aware of the ponies in 1804, during the Peninsular War, and used them as pack animals during the conflict; most did not return to Ireland. The famine of 1845–1852 furthered their decline, as farmers who previously utilised them died or emigrated. In addition, Spanish donkeys were brought to the island to replace the ponies, and when peat declined as a fuel source, pack animals were no longer needed. In the 1850s, farms began to be consolidated, and more machinery and large draft horses were employed, further reducing the number of ponies needed. Consequently, the ponies were left to run feral, mostly ignored and sometimes shot at by locals.
Kerry Bog Village Museum Kerry Bog Pony
A pony at the Kerry Bog Village Museum
In 1994, John Mulvihill, who operated the Red Fox Inn at the Kerry Bog Village in Glenbeigh, County Kerry, began a search for remnants of the Kerry Bog Pony population, despite reports that the breed was extinct. He eventually found 20 ponies that resembled those he remembered from his childhood, and removed them from the bog to his stables. In 1995, he had blood typing performed on the ponies by Weatherby's Ireland, which identified their DNA markers. Subsequent DNA testing showed them to be a unique breed that formed a separate population from other local ponies and from other breeds in Ireland and Great Britain. Of these 20 ponies, only one was a stallion, named Flashy Fox. Between 1995 and 2012, he sired more than 140 foals, and played a significant role in repopulating the breed.
Mulvihill continued breeding and promoting the ponies, and in 2002, the breed was recognised by the Irish Government as the Irish Heritage Pony. The same year, the Kerry Bog Pony Society was formed. Also in 2002, Americans became interested in the breed, and the first ponies were exported from Ireland to the US in 2003, to a farm in Ohio. In 2005, the American Kerry Bog Pony Society was founded, with 11 initial registrants. Also in 2005, the Irish Department of Agriculture and Food and the European Commission recognised the Kerry Bog Pony as an official breed; the following year, the Irish Horse Board issued the first equine passports for members of the breed. Until 2009, there was an exception in place that allowed unrelated ponies that met the physical breed standards to be bred as Kerry Bog Ponies, with the offspring being registered and given passports certifying them as purebred Kerry Bog Ponies. This was in part due to a concern of inbreeding among the small number of ponies initially registered. Kerry Bog Ponies were also part of the Irish Rural Environment Protection Scheme (closed to new applicants in 2009), which financially rewarded farmers for using environmentally-friendly methods. The Kerry Bog Village, an open-air museum on the Ring of Kerry is one location that breeds and houses part of the existing Kerry Bog Pony population.
As of 2011, there were 335 mares and 51 stallions registered with the Irish registry, which included 59 new foals that year. Herd numbers have steadily increased since registrations began in 2005. These numbers make the Kerry Bog Pony third in population numbers among Irish breeds, behind the Connemara pony and the Irish Draught. Despite the increasing numbers, the breed is still considered to be critically endangered by the Equus Survival Trust. The horses are administered by the Kerry Bog Pony Co-Operative Society of Ireland (formerly the Kerry Bog Pony Society), which is based in Ireland with a branch in Great Britain. Inspections are required before ponies are allowed into the studbook. The book is divided into four classes: Class 1 ponies meet all requirements, Class 2 ponies do not meet the height requirement, Class 3 ponies do not meet the color requirements, and Class 4 ponies have yet to submit to an official inspection. The breed association has hosted an annual breed show and sale in Glenbeigh, County Kerry since 2007.
The first two ponies exported from Ireland went to a farm in Austria in August 2016. The International Kerry Bog Pony Association


text: Vallée de Mai Nature Reserve is a nature park and UNESCO World Heritage Site (inscribed in 1983) located on the island of Praslin, Seychelles. It consists of a well-preserved palm forest made up of the endemic Coco de Mer species, as well as five other endemic species of palm. These palms have the largest seeds of any plant in the world. The trees' leaves grow up to 6 metres wide and 14 metres long. Also unique to the park is its wildlife, which includes endemic birds, mammals, crustaceans, snails, and reptiles.


text:
contains will be deleted from every part of the website it is displayed on.
You will have to confirm that deleting the field is indeed what you want to do. After you do this, the field will be removed from the "Global Fields".
Note: Please keep in mind, that neither the default "Fields" nor the default "Groups" can be deleted. This is why the delete option is not available for these.
How to Insert Global Fields to your page
After you have finished setting up your "Global Fields" you will have the possibility to use these fields on any of your pages while editing them with Thrive Architect.
You will be able to add the values/information you have entered for these fields to a "Text" element in the form of shortcodes.
First, edit the page you want to display the "Global fields" on with Thrive Architect. Then, add a "Text" element to it.
When you enter the actual text and you reach a part where you want to insert a value/info from a "Global Field", click on the "Dynamic Texts" option from the Panel options that are displayed for the "Text" element:
This will open a drop-down where you can choose from the available "Global Fields", according to what you need in the particular sentence.
Choose the source
Since the "Dynamic Texts" option is a more complex one, you can add more dynamic information besides the "Global Fields" one. Therefore, click on the "Select Source" field:
This will open a sub-menu with some "Dynamic Text" sources. Click on "Global Fields":
Then, another field will appear, where you can choose the actual "Global Field" to be inserted.
Click on the "Select an option" section to open it and select the field you want to add to your text:
For instance, if the sentence you want to use this field in is something like: "Our company is located at... " then, you will have to insert the "Address" field you have set in the "Global Fields":
After you have selected both the "Global Fields" option and the field, all you have left to do is to click on the "Insert" button and the values/info you have previously set to the field will be added to your text:
This way you can insert any of the "Global Fields" to the text on your pages whenever you want, thus, saving time and effort.
Hopefully, this article was useful for you. If so, please give it a smile below :)


text:
luser definition jargon, abuse
/loo'zr/ A user
; especially one who is also a loser
are pronounced identically.) This word was coined around 1975 at MIT
, when you first walked up to a terminal at MIT and typed Control-Z to get the computer's attention, it printed out some status information, including how many people were already using the computer; it might print "14 users", for example. Someone thought it would be a great joke to patch the system to print "14 losers" instead. There ensued a great controversy, as some of the users didn't particularly want to be called losers to their faces every time they used the computer. For a while several hackers struggled covertly, each changing the message behind the back of the others; any time you logged into the computer it was even money whether it would say "users" or "losers". Finally, someone tried the compromise "lusers", and it stuck.
Later one of the ITS machines supported "luser" as a request-for-help command. ITS died the death in mid-1990, except as a museum piece; the usage lives on, however, and the term "luser" is often seen in program comments.
See: also LART
. Compare: tourist


Tiger Cub Neglected by Mom in Philly Zoo Headed to Oklahoma
A rare baby Amur tiger cub that was neglected by its mother after its birth at the Philadelphia Zoo this month is being sent to Oklahoma to integrate with a tiger cub litter there.
The Philadelphia Zoo says 10-year-old Koosaka gave birth July 10 to a litter of five cubs. Two were stillborn, and one was accidentally injured by the mother and died. The zoo says the mother never showed maternal behavior toward the remaining cubs, and they were moved to the zoo's animal hospital, where the fourth died.
The surviving cub is named Zoya, which means "life" in Russian. It's being sent to the Oklahoma City Zoo and Botanical Garden.
Amur tigers, also called Siberian tigers, are endangered in the wild. They're found in eastern Russia and northeastern China.
Copyright AP - Associated Press
Contact Us


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| ||Medical Myths || |
Why Timing Is Important in Medicine
December 10, 2012
By Robert H. Shmerling, M.D.
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
You see your doctor and he tells you:
- See me again in 3 months.
- Stop taking your anti-inflammatory medicine in 2 weeks.
- Have a blood test in 6 weeks.
Did you ever wonder where these time intervals came from? Are they really essential?
Timing is important in medicine. For example, you may have heard of the "golden hour." For certain types of major trauma, it's essential to get medical attention within an hour to improve the chances of survival.
There are many other common situations in medicine when time is important. But then there are occasions when timing is much less critical and the recommendations tend to be much more arbitrary.
If you have the time, we'll review some of these situations now.
Back to top
Important Time Intervals
In addition to "the golden hour," there are other time intervals that may be important to keep in mind. For example:
- 4 minutes When the heart stops or someone stops breathing, it's important that CPR start within a few minutes. If more than 4 minutes go by without supporting or restoring circulation or breathing, brain damage commonly occurs and survival rates drop dramatically.
- 2 hours Getting medical treatment (including powerful blood thinners) for heart attack within 2 hours is associated with better survival rates than later medical care.
- 3 hours People with stroke symptoms (such as sudden weakness on one side of the body or trouble speaking) have better outcomes if they get treatment (again, including blood thinners), within 3 hours of their symptoms.
- 4 days, 40 days The general guideline for disasters is that a person can survive about 4 days without water, and about 40 days without food. There are many exceptions because other factors also affect survival, such as a person's overall health before the disaster.
Back to top
The Timing of Common Medical Recommendations
Some medical recommendations have time intervals that are based primarily on what is easy to remember. Some common ones are:
- Yearly physical examinations There is no biological function or disease process that is correlated with the time it takes the earth to travel around the sun. That includes the routine physical examination. In fact, a number of studies have called into question the value of yearly examinations.
- Antibiotic use You may have noticed that when you take antibiotics, it tends to be for 5 days, 7 days or 10 days. These intervals are based on research studies showing that antibiotics are highly effective for certain infections when taken for these time periods. But few studies compare taking the same antibiotic for the same condition for 4 days, 6 days or other lengths of time. It's quite possible that a shorter course of treatment (or even a longer one) would be just as effective or even better than the standard interval. However, until additional studies prove it (and recommendations change), it's best to take your prescribed antibiotics according to directions and finish them.
- Bone mineral density testing This standard test for osteoporosis is repeated every year or two for many people. But there's little evidence that such an approach is helpful. Bone density tends to change slowly, even with treatment. The ideal interval for repeating this test is uncertain. One recent study suggested that much longer intervals up to 15 years would be adequate for people at low risk of osteoporosis.
- Mammograms Recommendations about when to start and how often to repeat mammograms have been controversial for years. But, once screening begins, the usual recommendation is to have the test every year or every other year, not every 18 months or 32 months or some other interval. Researchers typically choose 1- or 2-year intervals to study because they are convenient and easy to remember, rather than anything specific about the growth or spread of breast cancer. Similar principles apply to colonoscopy, pap smears and other common screening tests.
Back to top
Timing and Diagnosis
Knowing how symptoms vary over time and when they started can help a doctor figure out what you have. For example, abdominal pain that's been coming and going for years is likely to have a different cause and treatment than new abdominal pain that has just suddenly developed. It helps a doctor to know whether your pain started after an injury, exercise or surgery. A rash that developed after starting a new medication could be an allergic reaction; but if you had the rash before you started the medicine, the new medicine is probably not to blame.
In addition, time can be used as a diagnostic test. For example, joint pain often disappears just as mysteriously as it appears. Rather than undergoing extensive testing, it's often better to give it some time (and take some acetaminophen or ibuprofen).
Back to top
Patients often assume doctors can make accurate predictions about prognosis or survival. But, "giving a patient 6 months to live" is something you hear in movies or television much more often than in real life; doctors can rarely make such predictions with confidence. (Perhaps that's why you sometimes hear about people getting a dire prognosis and then outliving their doctors.)
Prognosis can be estimated based on studies and doctors' experience. So a doctor might predict a short survival based on what's reported in the medical literature or other patients he or she has treated. But survival tends to vary greatly. For example, a person with pancreatic cancer may be told he has 6 months to live based on average life expectancy of all people with this type of tumor; but they should also be told that it varies from a few weeks (for advanced cases) to several years or more (with tumors that are small, haven't spread or respond well to treatment).
Yogi Berra once said, "It's tough to make predictions, especially about the future." When it comes to making long-term medical predictions, I think doctors (and patients) should take this to heart.
Back to top
The Bottom Line
Clearly, time matters in medicine. Significant trauma, heart attack and stroke should be treated as quickly as possible. And, the timing of symptoms can help sort out the diagnosis.
Perhaps your doctor wants to recheck your blood pressure in 3 months to give your weight loss program and low salt diet a chance to work.
Maybe the blood test is in 2 weeks because it takes that long to see the effects of your new thyroid medicine. The anti-inflammatory medicine can damage the lining of the stomach, so stopping it in a month might limit its impact. There can be good reasons for time-based recommendations. But often, there aren't.
When there is no single best amount of time for a particular recommendation, your input matters. For many of my patients who need a follow-up appointment, I've started asking, When would you like to come back?" Sometimes they suggest coming back sooner than I would have recommended, sometimes later. Regardless, time intervals in medical care can often be negotiated rather than chosen only by the doctor.
Sometimes, timing is not everything. If you have a question about the timing of your symptoms or your medical care, be sure to ask your doctor.
Back to top
Robert H. Shmerling, M.D. is associate physician at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and associate professor at Harvard Medical School. He has been a practicing rheumatologist for over 20 years at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. He is an active teacher in the Internal Medicine Residency Program, serving as the Robinson Firm Chief. He is also a teacher in the Rheumatology Fellowship Program.


You are here: Home Insurance How To Appeal A... How To Appeal...
How To Appeal Denial Of A Referral Or Pre-certification For Treatment
When an insurer denies coverage for a referral to another doctor or for pre-certification for a treatment, the denial rests on the insurer's opinion that what is being suggested is not "medically necessary."
There is no clear cut definition of "medical necessity." Instead, the definition depends on the context and who is making the decision. The basic concept is that medically necessary services are those which are reasonable and necessary or appropriate based on current clinical standards of care.
Build your case for medical necessity by taking the following steps:
 - Step 1. Pull our a copy of your insurance policy.
 - Each health insurance policy defines medical necessity in wording which is specific for the particular insurer. Locate the description in your insurance policy. Note the page on which it is located and the exact wording of the definition.
 - Locate the policy's specific exclusions (treatments etc. which are not covered). Note whether the requested referral or treatment is specifically excluded. If not, note the page number where the exclusions are listed.
 - Step 2. Check to determine if either the referral or treatment is required to be covered by the laws in your state. If there is such a mandate, note the citation and the exact wording.
 - To learn the law of your state, go to The Actors' Fund Of America's Health Insurance Resource Center ( offsite link, click on your state, then click on "Insurance Guides" and/or Complaints/Appeals). If you have difficulty, contact your Department of Insurance. They can guide you. To locate contact information for your state insurance department, see: offsite link. Click on "NAIC States and Jurisdictions."
 - Step 3. Put together a brief description of your current health condition. Include a chronology of your symptoms and any tests and treatments you have undergone which relate to the current subject
 - Step 4. Obtain a letter from your doctor explaining why the referral or treatment is medically necessary. Ask the doctor to include references which suppport his or her reasoning.
 - Step 5. If you can, obtain additional evidence to support your request. For example, letters from other specialists or copies of studies or reports. Work with your doctor and/or his or her head nurse to pull together this information.
 - Step 6. Write a letter which includes the above information. We provide a sample letter which you can link to in: Health Insurance: Claims: Appeals: Sample Letter: Not Medically Necessary
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text:
Bad weather may have depressed turnout among Chicago voters in Illinois' primary elections for governor and the Senate seat once held by Obama. Historically, that's good news for Republicans.
M. Spencer Green / AP
Voters in a closely watched Illinois election primary Tuesday had to stomp through two inches of fresh snow, which may have contributed to a low voter turnout in Chicago – most likely between 30 and 35 percent by the end of the day, according to Chicago election officials.
Despite the predicted low turnout, the election is an important one. The primary for Illinois governor and one of its US senators is seen as a potential indicator of whether the voter revolt that came to a head in the Massachusetts Senate vote last month is likely to continue.
Election day weather can influence political results, according to a study titled "The Republicans Should Pray for Rain: Weather, Turnout, and Voting in U.S. Presidential Elections." The study, compiled by three universities, examined the voting patterns of 3,000 counties between 1948 and 2000.
Among the results: for every one inch of precipitation in each county, overall voter turnout dropped 1 percent. But bad weather is sunshine for Republicans: for every inch of precipitation in each county, there was a 2.5 percent increase in Republican voting.
Democrats are particularly hampered by inclement weather because one of their traditional voting blocs: seniors. "They vote large in numbers and very reliably. But if it's the case older people are less likely to brave the elements, that will have a disproportionate affect on Democrats," says Ivan Kenneally, a political scientist at Rochester Institute of Technology, who was not involved in the study.


Italy is a dying country as babies no longer replace people who die, says health minister
The country's birth rate falls to its lowest level - 8.4 per 1,000 people - since the foundation of the modern state in 1861
Beatrice Lorenzin, the minister of health, has called Italy "a dying country" Credit: Photo: Elisabetta Villa/Getty Images
Italy's birth rate has fallen to its lowest level since the foundation of the modern state in 1861, prompting fresh alarm in a society that has been steadily ageing for decades.
The number of births per 1,000 people has fallen to just 8.4, down from 38.3 when Italy's territories and kingdoms were unified a century and a half ago.
In Britain and the United States, the figures are 12 and 13 respectively.
Last year 509,000 babies were born in Italy, 5,000 fewer than in 2013.
The mortality rate also declined last year, stretching life expectancy for Italian women to 85 years, while the average man will live to 80.
Beatrice Lorenzin, the minister of health, said: "We are at the threshold where people who die are not being replaced by newborns. That means we are a dying country.
"This situation has enormous implications for every sector: the economy, society, health, pensions, just to give a few examples."
Italy's five million immigrants, out of an overall population of 60 million, are also having fewer children, having previously registered high birth rates.
The birth rate among immigrants has fallen to 1.9 children per woman, its lowest level for five years.
Overall, the number of couples choosing not to have children has increased to 40 per cent in the last decade. Italian women have 1.39 children on average, against an EU average of 1.58.
The birth rate decline was blamed on years of economic recession and high unemployment. The birth rate is lowest in the Mezzogiorno, or south of Italy, where the recession has hit hardest. Sardinia, for example, had a birth rate of 7.1 per cent.
The average age at which Italian women have their first child has been creeping up for years and is now at 31 years and six months.
Life expectancy for Italian women is 85 years, while the average man will live to 80


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Search Dictionary:
Meaning of TRICK
Pronunciation: trik
WordNet Dictionary
 2. [n] a cunning or deceitful action or device; "he played a trick on me"; "he pulled a fast one and got away with it"
 3. [n] a ludicrous or grotesque act done for fun and amusement
 4. [n] an attempt to get you to do something foolish or imprudent; "that offer was a dirty trick"
 5. [n] a period of work or duty
 6. [v] deceive somebody; "We tricked the teacher into thinking that class would be cancelled next week"
TRICK is a 5 letter word that starts with T.
 Synonyms: antic, caper, conjuration, conjuring trick, deception, fast one, fob, fox, illusion, joke, legerdemain, magic, magic trick, play a trick on, prank, pull a fast one on, put-on
 See Also: card trick, cozen, deceive, delude, device, dirty trick, dishonesty, diversion, duty period, gimmick, knavery, lead on, performance, practical joke, prestidigitation, recreation, shift, sleight of hand, snooker, twist, work shift
Webster's 1913 Dictionary
 1. \Trick\, n. [D. trek a pull, or drawing, a trick, trekken
 to draw; akin to LG. trekken, MHG. trecken, trechen, Dan.
 tr[ae]kke, and OFries. trekka. Cf. {Track}, {Trachery},
 {Trig}, a., {Trigger}.]
 1. An artifice or stratagem; a cunning contrivance; a sly
 I know a trick worth two of that. --Shak.
 2. A sly, dexterous, or ingenious procedure fitted to puzzle
 of boys. --Prior.
 4. A particular habit or manner; a peculiarity; a trait; as,
 The trick of that voice I do well remember. --Shak.
 He hath a trick of C[oe]ur de Lion's face. --Shak.
 5. A knot, braid, or plait of hair. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
 6. (Card Playing) The whole number of cards played in one
 round, and consisting of as many cards as there are
 On one nice trick depends the general fate. --Pope.
 helm, -- usually two hours.
 8. A toy; a trifle; a plaything. [Obs.] --Shak.
 Syn: Stratagem; wile; fraud; cheat; juggle; finesse; sleight;
 deception; imposture; delusion; imposition.
 2. \Trick\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Tricked}; p. pr. & vb. n.
 -- often followed by up, off, or out. '' Trick her off in
 air.'' --Pope.
 People lavish it profusely in tricking up their
 children in fine clothes, and yet starve their
 minds. --Locke.
 They are simple, but majestic, records of the
 feelings of the poet; as little tricked out for the
 public eye as his diary would have been. --Macaulay.
 3. To draw in outline, as with a pen; to delineate or
 They forget that they are in the statutes:...
 there they are tricked, they and their pedigrees.
 --B. Jonson.


text:
World's slowest shark has to hunt sleeping seals
Being chased by a shark is the stuff of nightmares, but you wouldn't need to worry if it was this one - it's the world's slowest shark!
Scientists have tagged the Greenland shark and found they 'cruise' at just 34cm per second, which is slower than most people's walking speed.
They discovered the big fish were far too slow to catch a seal, their main source of food.
So researchers reckon the sharks have to sneak up on them while they sleep!
It's thought that these sharks swim this slowly because they want to save energy.
They live really far north where temperatures are near freezing - around 2 degrees Celsius.


text:
Example 8.4.9: Applying the Lagrange Remainder
f(x) =where r(x) goes to zero as x goes to c.
Use this result and the function f(x)= to show that
The first statement is a straight-forward application of the Lagrange remainder theorem - try it youself!
As for the application, let f(x)=, which is continuously differentiable around c = 0. According to our statement (and taking the first derivative at zero) we have:
= 1 + x/2 + x r(x)
for some r(x) with r(x) = 0. To apply this to our problem, we need to see involved somehow. Therefore we factor an n to get:
Now we can apply our approximation to the second root, with x = 1/, to get:
which, together with the fact that r(x) = 0 will do the trick.


text:
Surveyor, Job Ref. # SRV (0911)
Date: 15 April 2015
Location: Brisbane, Australia
- Establishing accurate horizontal and vertical control (Benchmarks).
- Verification of survey data accuracy, completeness of information and calculations.
- Maintain the results of survey activity including the geometrical and physical characteristic of surveyed area or structure
- Conduct survey and keeping record of data obtained in order to establish boundaries.
- Provide information or survey data and assist designers in developing design drawings.
- Provide assistance to construction engineers in identifying the location and elevations of underground utilities.
Required Minimum Qualifications
- Bachelor Degree in Surveying or Civil Engineering is preferred.
- Must have experience with Microstation or Autocad, Terramodel Survey Software or similar.
- Experienced at managing site safety and quality control related to Surveying is essential.
- Have a significant relative work experience in project planning of community development, residential and hospitality sector and other related work experience in project execution.


text:
Synonyms for septet
WordNet 3.0 Copyright © 2006 by Princeton University.
All rights reserved.
- 1. seven, 7, VII, sevener, heptad, septet, septenary, digit, figure
- usage: the cardinal number that is the sum of six and one
- 2. septet, septette, musical organization, musical organisation, musical group
- usage: seven performers or singers who perform together
- 3. septet, septette, set
- usage: a set of seven similar things considered as a unit
- 4. septet, septette, sevensome, gathering, assemblage
- usage: seven people considered as a unit
- 5. septet, septette, musical composition, opus, composition, piece, piece of music
- usage: a musical composition written for seven performers


text:
There is an interesting map called "Geo-Geneology of Irish Surnames".
_URL_ In the 2009 ESRI International User Conference it won two awards in the Map Gallery Competition. It was placed first in the "Most Unique" category, and it won the People's Choice Award. In addition, it received special recognition by the Cartography Special Interest Group.
It was compiled by Dr. Kenneth Field, Principal Lecturer in Geographical Information Systems at Kingston University London, and Dr. Linda Beale a Research Fellow in the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health at Imperial College London. As you can see from the legend, this map shows the number of people in 1890 who had various Irish surnames. The larger the font, the more people who had that surname. You can read more about it at _URL_ and download a copy of the map at _URL_


text: The research paper aims to determine the relationship between organizational justice and constructive deviant behavior. Analytical and descriptive design has been adopted to determine the relationship between organizational justice and the various dimensions of deviant behaviours. The sample of the study consisted of 109 employees from the manufacturing firms. The results indicate that the attributes of organizational justice, that is, procedural, informational, and distributive justice significantly differ from the challenging constructive deviant behavior. One of the dimensions of constructive deviant behavior and interpersonal and informational justice significantly differ from the dimension of innovative and interpersonal constructive deviant behavior. The study also reveals that the experience of the employees with respect to their age, number of dependents, marital status, and designation had significant differences with both organizational justice and constructive deviant behavior, and it was also revealed that gender had significant differences with constructive deviant behavior.


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I have the following triggers on my users table which copies the value to email field from name field.
CREATE TRIGGER copy_name_on_insert BEFORE INSERT ON users
 SET NEW.email = NEW.name;
CREATE TRIGGER copy_name_on_update BEFORE UPDATE ON users
 SET NEW.email = NEW.name;
This trigger is working fine in local env, but in production its going into an infinite loop. Does anyone have any idea about this behaviour?
Local and Production envs are running mysql 5.5.
share|improve this question
how is that possible? the only way is that you have infinite record which I don't think you have, or that the trigger is calling itself (recursive function) and the number of recursive call is in max_sp_recursion_depth that's not infinite. – jcho360 Jun 1 '12 at 18:56
1 Answer 1
up vote 0 down vote accepted
Got this answer from our DBA.
So, this was not a recursion bug (though the error message was really bad, and looked like one). Rather, it was a memory complexity problem.
Basically, each statement must run in a limited memory space (128K in this case). While most statements fit in far less than this space, it appears that this trigger has considerably greater memory requirements.
The reason that this worked in testing is that the tests attempted were not large enough. (And the testing server likely had more memory allocated to it)
As an example, this worked in testing:
UPDATE users SET name="_EMAIL_" WHERE id=1234;
But what really runs in production is:
update users set full_name='Jason H', attr1='abc1', attr2='abc', attr3='adad'.... where id=1917;
Basically, the java/hibernate system is UPDATEing every single field... for some reason. This is pretty silly, and hibernate probably should be doing less.
The considerably greater complexity of the real query pushed it over the memory limits in production.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


Red-light traffic fatalities reach a 10-year high
Red-light traffic fatalities reach a 10-year high
When you pull up to a stoplight in Pennsylvania, you may notice other motorists using their phones, talking to other passengers or otherwise not paying attention to the road. This is a common problem across Pennsylvania, and so much so that the state ranks ninth in the nation in terms of the number of people killed by red-light runners between 2008 and 2017.
According to the Pocono Record, Pennsylvania saw 215 road deaths attributed to red-light runners within that span. The uptick in road deaths linked to red-light runners is also a national problem. The nationwide number of associated traffic fatalities has reached its highest number in a decade.
National fatality statistics
On the national level, about half of all people killed by motorists who ran red lights were not the people who blew through the red lights. The offending drivers died in about 35% of these fatal crashes, while another 5% were pedestrians or cyclists attempting to navigate signaled intersections. The remainder of red-light related road deaths involved the drivers or passengers in other vehicles and not those who ran the red lights.
Pennsylvania fatality statistics
Of the 251 people who died in Pennsylvania because of red-light runners between 2008 and 2017, 91 of them were the negligent drivers. Another 105 deaths involved people traveling in other vehicles, and 23 of those deaths involved pedestrians or cyclists.
Safety tips
Abiding by traffic signals helps you stay safe to some extent. However, there are other steps to consider taking to lower your chances of involvement in a crash with a red-light runner. Tap your brakes a few times when approaching a signaled intersection to catch the attention of drivers behind you. Also, take a moment after a light turns green before proceeding into an intersection.


text:
A dreamteacher is a specialized type of virtual reality computer software that enables M'rowans (and, as it turns out, humans) to improve or learn new skills or languages while sleeping by creating dreams of situations designed to teach and allow the user to reflect on the skill in question.
Dreamteachers are best suited to teach mental or knowledge-based skills. Primarily physical skills, such as combat or sports, can be taught up to a point by (in a sense) 'programming' the user's nervous system, it is ultimately not a replacement for actual training of such skills.
The dreamteacher software requires a direct connection to the user's brain, which is usually established through a special helmet-like accessory; individuals with an implant computer and a neural jack or wireless connection do not need such equipment, though. In addition, the software can be fairly demanding in computer requirements – for less advanced skills, a personal computer will suffice, while more complex fields require a microframe or even a mainframe computer.


I'm trying to understand the formulas for successfully mining a block (without a pool) based on hashrate over time (i.e. to chart the probability of finding a block at various historical points compared to network hashrate at the time).
It seems like this post is exactly the formula I'm looking for, but it doesn't actually add up. I'm awful at math so I can't tell if I'm missing a step or if the post is wrong. If there's a better/more accurate way of figuring this out, please share, but I'm specifically interested in learning if this is wrong or not and why.
It says the probability of being the one to successfully mine a block with 13.5 TH/s and a network hashrate of 11,000,000 TH/s = 0.00000122
Then it says:
Now, in a month, there are N=6*24*30 mined blocks. To find the probability of winning one award in a month, we use the Bernoulli trial formula
N*p1*(1-p1)^(N-1) = 0.0026
Now when I put that in Excel with N=4320, I get.005243, I only come up with the same answer when I divide N by two for N=2160, but I can't figure out any reason for that to be the case. Am I missing something or is this just a typo? Is this formula even a good way of approximating this?
The formula is a reasonable approximation. It looks to me like your calculation is right, and the blog author has made an error.
There is a minor inaccuracy in that the number of blocks per month is not fixed at 6*24*30, but is subject to random variation. So a slightly improved solution is to work out the average number of terahashes needed for one block (h = _PHONE_ * 600, assuming that the network hash rate is stable and the block difficulty has adjusted accordingly). Then your probability of winning a block on each of your hashes is q1 = 1 / h, and you will perform M = 12.5 * 60 * 60 * 24 * 30 hashes in one month. If you treat the number of blocks you win as a Poisson distribution, the probability of winning one block in a month is given by λ * exp(-λ) where λ = M*q1. This yields the slightly larger number 0.005273.
Your Answer


Test Pit Investigation
Test pits are a common way to investigate the subsurface soils and collect soil samples if needed. This is done for purposes of delineating contamination in order to determine the location and size of a plume.Test pits are often requested over soil borings in landscapes where terrain is more extreme and to visibly see at what depth groundwater is at.
ENRC has the necessary equipment and experience in safety performing test pits with accuracy. If test pits aren't what you are looking for and you would need something with less ground disturbance, we can also perform soil borings up to 100 feet.


BART Rider Action Alert: State support for public transit at stake
BART Rider Action Alert: State support for public transit at stake
Dear Rider:
We at BART want to make you aware that Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and the State Legislature are considering permanently eliminating the very program that funds public transit. That program is called the State Transportation Assistance (STA) fund. They may slash these funds in order to once again address the ever-increasing state budget deficit.
Over the past two years, the Legislature and the Governor have diverted nearly $3 billion in transit money to the state budget shortfall, which in turn leaves us in a huge budget shortfall. This has occurred as transit ridership has increased in record-breaking numbers, in part because of high gas prices, traffic congestion and public's desire to fight global warming. Cutting transit programs is a terrible prescription for California just as historic laws urge people to use public transportation to meet greenhouse gas mandates.
Now is the time for MORE—not less—public transit.
BART has communicated the following requests to our state elected officials:
1. Maintain the $306 million STA funding level for the current budget year.
2. Oppose elimination of future transit funding.
3. Identify a secure source of transit funding to support long-term state and local goals.
These cuts are under consideration right now. If you have an opinion, contact the Governor and your state legislator immediately. Here's how:
State Assembly:
State Senate:


text: The present work shows economic to the geoambientais aspects, partner, the economic process of occupation of the territory, aspects and ambient conditions of each city. Due to microregion it is located in the littoral area, the same one presents similar or even though equal characteristics. The occupation of the microregion if gave through the settling of the territory of Japaratuba, where the too much cities had been busy for indians, fishing and families who make possible the occupation and development of these areas. Currently the microregion presents population indices that the city of Japaratuba, Japoat and Pirambu indicates as bigger urban development. The microregion presents some decurrent factors of the action of the development that had harmed the environment of the region, however, it deserves prominence the Project of Protection Tartaruga Marinha (TAMAR) in Pirambu that, not only develops a work of protection of the fauna more also of the flora. 2 CONDICIONANTES GEOAMBIENTAIS OF the MICROREGION the state of Sergipe possess 75 cities. Due to similarity of ground, vegetation economic activity, these cities had been grouped in thirteen microregions.


text:
A main character's name often gives you the first clue to what a novel is "about," especially when it's also the title of the book. A good example turns up in Olive Kitteridge, the collection of linked short stories that won the 2009 Pulitzer Prize for fiction. A just-picked olive is as bitter — and the color olive is as drab — as the title character of the book appears at first to be. The salt added during curing removes the bitterness just as love, the salt in this book, removes some of Olive's. In Ireland a kitter is a left-handed person. And Olive is at least metaphorically left-handed: She's out of sync with others in her coastal town in Maine. A surname database says of Kitter: "This is an Olde English or Anglo-Saxon pre 10th Century name which derives from the word 'Cyta' and is a nickname of the medieval period generally given to one of fairly violent attitudes." Olive's views of life are "fairly violent," especially in the first story, when they are so angry they verge on caricature.
May 29, 2009
What's in a Character's Name? 'Olive Kitteridge'
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Botanical Collection
Our four signature Pinot Noir and Chardonnay wines
Appellation Series
Wines from select vineyards away from home.
The Botanicals Collection represents the pinnacle of our achievements at Pyramid Valley.
 Their story is rooted in the foundations of our Waikari Estate in North Canterbury. The initial plantings were arranged by Mike and Claudia Weersing according to specific minute changes in soil composition between the unique limestone and clay particles. These changes reflected their decision to plant either Chardonnay or Pinot Noir. Interestingly the meadow growing in each parcel was also different, with different species of meadow plants being present. These parcels have been named according to the dominant botanicals in the meadow from their beginnings as a vineyard in 2002, and have been vinted as highly individual wines since 2006. Each wine is named after the common colloquial name of the meadow plant and each wears a wonderful piece of Patricia Curtin botanical art reflecting this plant. Since their release in 2006 they have created a new dimension for fine New Zealand wine, illustrating the incredible impact of this remarkable vineyard on the sense of wine. They are wines that truly breathe of their place. They are rare, expensive and collectible.
6 products


text:
Creating a Webhook in your Datadog Account
1. In the Integrations section of your Datadog account, search for the Webhook integration and Install.
2. Open the Configuration tab and scroll down to enter Webhook details:
Name: Enter any name for your Webhook. This does not need to match any of the information entered when creating your data feed in the NS1 portal.
URL: Enter the Feed URL generated in the Data Sources section of the NS1 portal.
3. In the Monitors section, select New Monitor and choose the appropriate monitor type. This integration is compatible with Host, Metric, Custom check, Event and Outlier types.
4. Fill out your monitoring preferences as you normally would. The Monitor Name entered in step 3 must match the name you enter in the Datadog Monitor Name field in the NS1 portal and the monitoring message needs to include a request to notify the webhook you created (eg. Notify _USER_-NS1_Webhook).
Connecting to Datadog in the NS1 Portal
1. Navigate to the Integrations section of the NS1 portal, scroll down to the list of Supported Services and click on Datadog.
2. Click on "Create an Incoming Datafeed," which will prompt you to fill out the following fields:
- Name (for internal reference): As it implies, this name does not need to match anything entered in your Datadog account.
- Fail on "Warning": Likewise, if you have configured any warnings in Datadog, it is possible to have these alerts result in a Down marking by checking the box. If left unchecked, up/down will be left unchanged from prior state.
- Fail on "No Data": Datadog will report one of four statuses - Triggered, Recovered, Warning and No Data. Triggered status will always result in a Down marking and Recovered in Up. If box is checked, No Data status will result in a Down marking. If left unchecked, there will be no impact to up/down status.
- Datadog Monitor Name: This must be an exact match for the monitor name entered in Datadog.
3. Under the Zones section of the NS1 portal, navigate to a record that contains Answers you wish to monitor via Datadog.
4. If your Filter Chain is already configured with the Up filter, click Filter Data to make the associated metadata appear. Alternatively, you can click the gear icon next to All Answer Data to make all metadata appear.
5. Now click the plug icon in the Up metadata row for the answer you would like to connect to Datadog. We'll use the primary 22.214.171.124 answer in this example. Choose 3rd Party Integrations.
6. Your newly created Datadog alert will appear alongside any previously configured 3rd-party integrations. Click on the Datadog integration and hit Save.


Community Education
Employee Training
The Human Performance Laboratory routinely helps local employers in their efforts to educate and encourage employees to make choices that will lead to healthier lifestyles. The topics of previous on-site training sessions include:
 1. Lower back exercises
 2. Safe lifting techniques
 3. Increasing one's physical activity level
 4. Blood pressure screening
 5. Assessment of body composition
 6. Home exercise programs
Some of the institutions at which on-site training sessions have been conducted include:
 1. St. Cloud State University
 2. Nahan Printing
 3. Electrolux
 4. Creative Memories
 5. District 742 Schools
 6. Health Partners of Central MN
Please contact us if you would like to schedule a training session.
Untitled Document


text:
This study explored the differences among online elementary school student groups based on their communication features. Two hundred and ninety-one Taiwanese students, ranging in age from 11 to 12 years old, participated in this study. The students were randomly arranged within-class into three-member groups. Each group was asked to use a collaborative learning system to accomplish a group task generating a shared concept map. The textual discussions in each group during collaboration were collected, coded, categorized, and quantified to profile their communication characteristics. Cluster analysis on the resulting communication characteristics resulted in four types of small student groups, including passive or reticent, frequently off-task, actively participating, and knowledge emphasizing. Most student groups (56%) were found to be relatively passive or reticent. Frequently off-task student groups made a protrusive amount of messages for off-task social purposes. The actively participating student groups were characterized by abundant discussion, particularly for continuing task, managing procedure and coordinating efforts. The distinctive feature of knowledge emphasizing student groups was that they devoted particular attention to task related knowledge. In addition, they performed better in task accomplishment.
- Computer-mediated communication
- Cooperative/collaborative learning
- Elementary education
- Interactive learning environments
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Computer Science(all)


text:
The Antari from Antares
By Alloya Huckfield
This book is a sharing of my experience of working with 11th dimensional beings called the Antari who come from the star collective Antares. It is a Light Body manual containing information about the various layers of the Auric Field or Plasma Sheath from their lofty perspective. It describes in detail the various layers and their functions.
The Antari describe the mechanism of the conversion of energy into Light via several different light devices within the Kether (outer layer) of the Auric Field.
The Antari are on a mission to assist us in transforming our energy body to be able to accept high vibrational star codes from higher dimensions. Within this book it is hoped that a glimpse into the workings of the Light body is achieved.


text:
Defects and defect costs in construction - a study of seven building projects in Sweden
In this paper, results from a study of defects occurring on construction sites are presented. Seven building projects were monitored during the production phase. 2,879 defects were collected, analysed and fully described. Their cost corresponds to 4.4% of the production cost. The time to correct them corresponds to 7% of the total working time. The defects are further analysed according to origin, type and position, as well as according to element of building and activity. Most defects could be ascribed to design and to production management. Common defect types were lack of coordinating design work, mistakes in production planning, erroneous workmanship and late deliveries. The defect cost was high in roofs and in concrete drilling. The possibility to reduce the cost of defects is discussed.


text:
Competition potential between sauger and walleye in non-native sympatry: historical trends and resource overlap in the Middle Missouri River, Montana
Title: Competition potential between sauger and walleye in non-native sympatry: historical trends and resource overlap in the Middle Missouri River, Montana
Creator: Bellgraph, Brian Joseph
Description: Sauger Sander canadensis populations throughout Montana and North America have exhibited declines over the past few decades. Sauger population abundance declined in the middle Missouri and Yellowstone rivers of Montana in the mid-1980s following a period of drought. Higher flows resulted in a rebound of the lower Yellowstone River population; however, the middle Missouri River population has remained at low abundance. Various factors may contribute to the reduced population abundance of sauger in the middle Missouri River, including interspecific competition with walleye Sander vitreus. Historical trend data of sauger and walleye were assessed to determine long-term trends of sauger and walleye fitness. To assess competition potential, seasonal migrations, habitat use, and diets of both species were compared in the middle Missouri River. Trophic position of sauger was also compared between the middle Missouri and Yellowstone rivers to evaluate the trophic status of sauger in sympatry and allopatry with walleye. Sauger and walleye were tracked using radio telemetry to establish and compare seasonal migrations. Habitat use was compared at three hierarchical scales, diets were collected on fish sampled using electrofishing, and diet overlap was calculated. Trophic position was calculated using stable isotope analysis. Historical trend data indicated that sauger and walleye are currently at low abundance and sauger had low relative weights, which is likely due to low prey availability. Prior to the presumed spawning period, 96% of the sauger and 57% of the walleye migrated downstream as far as 273 km. After spawning, both species returned to previously-occupied river reaches and demonstrated site fidelity during the non-migratory season. Habitat use and selection by sauger and walleye were similar at all three hierarchical scales. Diet overlap was high during the spring [0.72 (SE=0.003)] and summer [0.95 (SE=0.0008)] and moderate during autumn [0.49 (SE=0.003)]. Sauger trophic position differed statistically between the middle Missouri and Yellowstone rivers; however, the biological consequences of the difference are uncertain. Overall, resource overlap of sauger and walleye in the middle Missouri River, Montana suggests that competition potential between these species is high, which may preclude the recovery of native sauger populations if resources are limiting.
Document Type: Masters
Contributor: Guy, Christopher S. (committee chairperson)
Committee Members: Billie Kerans, Thomas McMahon
Program: Fish and Wildlife Management
Publisher: Montana State University
Date Created: 2006-05-15
Access Rights: Accessible under copyright for educational purposes.


text:
This page contains bill sponsorships in the Senate and House.
Bill sponsorships indicate the topics that legislators are most interested in, and spend the most time on.
Decided Aug 2, 2004
Bill Sponsorship: the Northern Uganda Crisis Response Act
Source: Bill sponsored by 9 Senators
Expresses the sense of Congress that the United States should: Became Public Law No: 108-283.
- support efforts for a peaceful resolution of the conflict in northern and eastern Uganda;
- work with the Government of Uganda and the international community to make available sufficient resources to meet the relief and development needs of the towns and cities that are supporting large numbers of displaced people;
- urge the leaders and members of the Lord's Resistance Army to stop the abduction of children, and urge all armed forces in Uganda to stop the use of child soldiers, and seek the release of all individuals who have been abducted;
- urge the Government of Uganda to improve the professionalism of Ugandan military personnel currently stationed in northern and eastern Uganda, with an emphasis on respect for human rights and civilian protection;
- work with the international community to assist and increase the capacity of Ugandan civil institutions to monitor the human rights situation in northern Uganda;
- make clear that the relationship between Sudan and the United States cannot improve unless no credible evidence indicates that authorities of the Government of Sudan are providing support to the Lord's Resistance Army.
- Topic: Foreign Policy
- Headline: Monitor human rights in Uganda-Sudan crisis
- Key for participation codes:
- Sponsorships: p=sponsored; o=co-sponsored; s=signed
- Memberships: c=chair; m=member; e=endorsed; f=profiled; s=scored
- Resolutions: i=introduced; w=wrote; a=adopted
- Cases: w=wrote; j=joined; d=dissented; c=concurred
- Surveys: '+' supports; '-' opposes.
participating in 04-S2264
Total recorded by OnTheIssues:


text:
A crowd awaits a ship at Station Pier, Port Melbourne.
Source: Italian Historical Society - Co.As.It.
Find out why this landmark has become such an evocative symbol of Victoria's immigration history.
Station Pier is one of Australia's longest operating passenger piers. It holds iconic significance in Victoria's heritage, and is particularly significant to Victoria's post-war immigrants for whom it is an ongoing symbol of their arrival and the start of their new life.
The exhibition provides an historical overview of Station Pier, including its early days as Railway Pier in the 1850s, and its upgrade in the 1920s in response to the growing needs of the city and port of Melbourne.


Synonyms for opaque
1. opaque (vs. clear), cloudy, muddy, mirky, murky, turbid, fogged, foggy, frosted, glaucous, lightproof, light-tight, milky, milklike, whitish, semiopaque, solid, unclear
usage: not transmitting or reflecting light or radiant energy; impenetrable to sight; "opaque windows of the jail"; "opaque to X-rays"
2. opaque, unintelligible, incomprehensible (vs. comprehensible), uncomprehensible
usage: not clearly understood or expressed
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Synonyms Index