Long Distance Correlations in Wind Power
The fact that wind patterns are coherent over large regions means wind power intensity is similar in whole countries. In particular wind generation falls to near zero frequently over whole countries and whole regions of Europe.
Although everybody knows wind fluctuates dramatically in one location, it seems to be a common belief that local lulls are compensated by generation somewhere else in the country so that overall wind generation stays high. This is not in reality the case and this page gives extensive plots as evidence for this.
Correlations between onshore and offshore wind in same country
(Generation data averaged over 1 day)
it can be seen that the correlations between onshore and offshore wind are very high for small countries (Denmark and Belgium) and lower but still very significant for larger countries (United Kingdom and Germany).
The correlation increases for averages over longer periods so the short distance plots above have averages over 1 day while those below have averages over 3 days. While the longer term averages increase the overall correlation the fraction of points wth nearly zero wind generation is reduced.
Correlations between all wind power in different countries
(Generation data averaged over 3 days)
Table of Pearson Correlation Coefficients for wind generation between countriesThe table shows the correlation between wind generation is high between neighbouring countries and decreases with increasing geographic separation.
These strong correlations mean that exchanges between adjacent countries cannot use wind electricity because the peaks and valleys are the same.


How To Recover Deleted Emails From Outlook And Thunderbird
Did your important email get accidently deleted? Fret not, since it can be easily recovered. Mail Cure is a free portable tool for Windows that can recover every deleted email from both MS Outlook and Thunderbird instantly. Unlike other tools, it scans for empty traces in the hard disk block by block to find deleted emails.
Just run the tool(no installation required) and select the drive you want to scan data for deleted emails.
data to scan for email
Once done, it will automatically begin scanning for the deleted emails. You can see the progress of the scan in the progress bar that is displayed on the top-right side. The number of emails retrieved are also shown in the progress bar.
scanning for deleted emails
One upside about this tool is that you can preview the recovered emails while the scan is still in progress. Once the scan is complete, you can export the emails in either txt or eml format. The eml format is widely used to import emails in Microsoft Outlook, Mozilla Thunderbird, and other desktop email programs.
You can sort the emails by different ways such as sender, date, or subject. You can also search for any text in the emails by clicking Find button.
find email
It is a great email recovery tool, that is both portable, and simple-to-use. Enjoy!


text: Families provide foundational contexts in which most children develop and grow. For families of children with special health care needs (CSHCN), interdisciplinary supports can build family participation capacities, beyond individualistic child supports. This single-group pretest–posttest quasi-experimental study sought to determine the preliminary effects of the Healthy Families Flourish Program (HFFP), a telehealth occupation-based parent coaching intervention to promote participation, cohesion, adaptability, and communication for families of CSHCN. Eleven families, including 17 parents and 27 children, completed the 10-session intervention consisting of parent education and individualized coaching. Participants completed the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, Goal Attainment Scaling, and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales pre-/post-intervention. Within-group comparisons showed improvements in family participation, cohesion, adaptability, and communication with Cohen's d effect sizes ranging from 0.55-3.32. Researchers found positive relationships between family participation and cohesion as well as participation and adaptability. Findings provide considerations for supporting families within socioecological contexts.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Owatonna High School - Attendance Policy
It is the responsibility of the Owatonna Public Schools to the community that all school members will work to challenge and support students in the pursuit of their highest levels of academic and personal achievement. Recognizing the strong relationship between regular attendance for each class and high academic achievement, the District will establish a clear attendance system. Such a system will promote this relationship and hold students accountable for regular attendance. It is essential that Owatonna High School students and their families take responsibility for knowing and following the Attendance Policy. If a student is going to be absent, a parent/guardian is responsible for calling _PHONE_ to report the absence. This voicemail number can be called 24 hours a day.
General Guidelines for Attendance
Owatonna High School has established the following parameters for the number of allowed absences (both excused and unexcused) for quarter, semester and yearlong courses.
An accumulation of three (3) excused/unexcused absences in a quarter course, six (6) excused/unexcused absences in a semester course and twelve (12) excused/unexcused absences in a yearlong course will result in a student receiving the final grade earned if the grade is a C- or better.
An NC (No Credit) will be awarded when the final grade is lower than a C-. (The NC is calculated as a 0.0 for GPA and related purposes).
Owatonna High School expects students and their parent(s)/guardian to take responsibility for knowing and following the Attendance Policy.
- All students regardless of age must have absences excused by the parent(s)/guardian if the student lives at home.
- Students enrolled in an alternative program should leave campus immediately following their last class.
- Owatonna High School is an open campus; however, students may not leave school in a motorized vehicle during lunch or any other time of the day without pre-approved permission from a parent.
Absence Procedures _PHONE_
- When a student will be absent from school, the parent or guardian is asked to call the high school attendance office between 7:00 am and 9:00 am. The attendance phone line number is _PHONE_. If a phone call is received, a written note is not necessary from the parents.
- Any student who has been absent for any part of the day is required to report to the high school office when he/she returns to school to acquire an admit pass, which will be shown to all teachers when entering the classroom.
- When a student has been in school any part of the day, and intends plans to be absent from school later, the school must be notified by written permission or by telephone call from the parent prior to the time the student is scheduled to leave. The student must acquire a Permit to Leave the Building (blue pass) from the high school attendance office prior to leaving the school building.
- When a student has become ill during the school day, he/she must receive permission to go home from the school nurse or attendance secretary. Students who become ill and leave school without permission will be marked truant.
- Attendance on Days of School Activities: Students are reminded that except for doctor and dental appointments and school-approved activities, attendance for the last two periods of the day is required on the day of a game or a performance. Violations of this rule will be referred to the principal's and activities director's office.
- Parents/students will be informed of absences through accessing the online Infinite Campus Parent/Student Portal. Notification of unverified absences (absences that were not pre-excused through phone or written message) will be sent via an automated telephone call and email to the parent/household designated contact number and email address.
Guidelines and Categories for Excused Absences
The following categories of absences will coded excused with prior notification from parent.
- College visits
- Driver's license examination
- Family Emergency
- Pre-arranged excused absences for student participation in non-school competition and performance activities.
- Family vacations pre-arranged with school administrator.
- Professional appointments that cannot be scheduled outside of the school day
- Spectators at state/regional competitions when Owatonna is not competing; student spectators must have parent(s)/guardian approval and follow all attendance policy procedures
Guidelines for Pre-Arranged Absences
Absences due to family vacations, or for an event that is a significant educational opportunity must be pre-arranged in order to be determined as excused. Under no circumstances will students be excused for pre-arranged absences occurring on state mandated testing dates. Students are responsible for obtaining the PreArranged Absences Form (available on the OHS Website – and/or from the student's counselor), completing it with all required signatures, and submitting to their counselor for final approval no less than 5 days prior to the absence. Absences not pre-arranged and approved will be designated as unexcused absences.
Guidelines and Categories for Unexcused Absences
The following categories of absences will be coded as unexcused – truant.
- Any unverified absence not cleared within 24 hours of occurrence
- Work at home
- Work at a business except under a school-sponsored work release program
- Non-pre-arranged family vacations
- Missed bus
- Arrival to class after twenty minutes will be coded as an unexcused absence and will count toward the total number of absences allowed.
- Other non-school authorized excuses
- Notes or phone calls without a reason for absence
Guidelines and Categories for School Authorized Absences
The following categories of absences will be coded as School Authorized Absences. These absences are considered Exempt and will not count toward the loss of credit in a yearlong/semester/quarter course.
- Ceremonies in which the student is being honored or presented with an award (i.e. Rotary)
- Chronic illness verified by a doctor and reported to school nurse
- Court-ordered appearances supported by documentation
- Death in the student's immediate family or of a close friend/relative
- Field trips
- Illness in student's immediate family (documentation required by medical personnel)
- Interscholastic meets and event
- Musical sectionals
- Religious holidays and/or instruction
- Student government and related activities
- Verified meeting conducted with school personnel
- Spectators at state/regional competitions when Owatonna is competing; student spectators must have parent(s)/guardian approval and follow all attendance policy procedures.
- Driver's Permit Test
General Guidelines for Tardies
- Students are expected to be in their assigned areas at designated times. Students who arrive to block classes within twenty minutes of the start of class will be considered tardy. Students arriving to "skinny" or ½ block classes within ten minutes of the start of class will be considered tardy
- Students arriving without a legitimate and confirmed excuse after the ten and twenty minute deadline for skinny and block courses respectively will be coded as unexcused.
- Three tardies per class will equal one unexcused absence and will count toward the total number of absences allowed as specified in the General Guidelines for Attendance.
Guidelines for Make-Up Work Due to Excused and Student Authorized Absences
- The student is responsible for requesting and making arrangements to complete assignments and course work missed during the absence.
- Upon the student's return to school, a maximum of two days is allowed for completing make-up work. Additional days for make-up work may be granted at the discretion of each teacher.
- Previously announced projects and/or assessments must be turned in or taken on the day of the student's return to school. If extenuating circumstances exist, the teacher may grant additional make-up time.
- An administrative conference will be held with students who exhibit a pattern of excused absences on assessment days.
Guidelines for Appealing Loss of Credit Due to Exceeding the Attendance Policy Limit
A student wishing to appeal a No Credit grade received due to exceeding the attendance policy can download the Attendance Appeal form from the OHS website or obtain the form from his/her counselor.
- The student will submit a completed form along with any supporting documentation to their counselor no later than five school days following the grading period.
- An Attendance Appeals Committee comprised of one administrator, the student's counselor, and the student's instructor will review the appeal request and render a decision to accept or deny the appeal.
Guidelines for Truancy:
In accordance with the State Department of Education and the Minnesota Mandatory Attendance Law, students must attend school each and every day school is in session. It is the responsibility of the students, parents/guardians, and the school to assure that students attend school.
Truant: absence without lawful excuse from attendance at school when required to attend. MN Statute 260A.02 subd. (3) and subd. (19):
- Continuing Truant: Minn. Stat. 260A.02 provides that a continuing truant is a student who is subject to the compulsory instruction requirements of Minn. Stat. 120.101 and is absent from instruction in a school. As defined in Minn. Stat. 120.05, without valid excuse within a single school year for three or more class periods on three days if the child is in the middle school, junior high school, or high school.
- Habitual Truant: A habitual truant is a child under the age of 16 years who is absent from school without lawful excuse for seven school days if the child is in elementary school or for one or more class periods on seven school days if the child is in middle school or high school.
- A school district official shall refer a


Can I Teach In NJ Without A Certificate?
How long does it take to get a teaching certificate in NJ?
Provisional teachers must earn two Effective or Highly Effective summative ratings over a three-year period in order to qualify for a standard certificate, and complete 34 weeks of mentored teaching.
Provisional teachers must also undergo a final stage of formal instruction..
What is the easiest state to get a teaching license?
Is being a teacher worth it?
How much does it cost to get an alternative teaching certificate?
-Program costs $4,000 – $5,000, depending on the state. Students can pay 10% of the program costs upfront and the rest after completing the program. -Coursework is online. Students have 6 months to complete 7 instructional courses and must pass exams with each course.
What age do most teachers retire?
Can you teach in Georgia without a certificate?
Can you be a teacher without certification?
As mentioned above, having a non-education degree will not prevent you from becoming a teacher. … If you want to teach in the public school system (either as an elementary or high-school subject teacher), however, you will need a teaching license or teaching credential.
What is the hardest state to become a teacher?
What types of teachers get paid the most?
What state has the lowest teacher salary?
How do I get certified to teach in NJ?
New Jersey Teachers Licensing Application ProcessProof of clearance from criminal history background check.Official transcripts showing proof of bachelor's degree.Proof of teacher program completion at an approved teacher preparation school.Completed application for teaching certification.More items…


text:
fly ( flies plural & 3rd person present) ( flying present participle) ( flew past tense) ( flown past participle )
1 n-count A fly is a small insect with two wings. There are many kinds of flies, and the most common are black in colour.
2 verb When something such as a bird, insect, or aircraft flies, it moves through the air.
The planes flew through the clouds... V prep/adv
The bird flew away. V prep/adv, Also V
3 verb If you fly somewhere, you travel there in an aircraft.
He flew back to London... V prep/adv
Mr Baker flew in from Moscow. V prep/adv
4 verb When someone flies an aircraft, they control its movement in the air.
Parker had successfully flown both aircraft... V n
He flew a small plane to Cuba... V n prep/adv
His inspiration to fly came even before he joined the Army. V
...a flying instructor.
5 verb To fly someone or something somewhere means to take or send them there in an aircraft.
The relief supplies are being flown from a warehouse in Pisa. V n adv/prep
6 verb If something such as your hair is flying about, it is moving about freely and loosely in the air.
His long, uncovered hair flew back in the wind... V adv/prep
She was running down the stairs, her hair flying. V
7 verb If you fly a flag or if it is flying, you display it at the top of a pole.
They flew the flag of the African National Congress... V n
A flag was flying on the new military HQ. V
8 verb If you say that someone or something flies in a particular direction, you are emphasizing that they move there with a lot of speed or force., (emphasis)
I flew downstairs... V prep/adv
9 n-count The front opening on a pair of trousers is referred to as the fly, or in British English the flies. It usually consists of a zip or row of buttons behind a band of cloth.
11 If you say that someone wouldn't hurt a fly or wouldn't harm a fly, you are emphasizing that they are very kind and gentle.
wouldn't harm a fly phrase with brd-neg, V inflects (emphasis)
...a lovely girl, who would not have harmed a fly.
12 If you let fly, you attack someone, either physically by hitting them, or with words by insulting them.
let fly phrase V inflects
A simmering row ended with her letting fly with a stream of obscenities.
13 If you send someone or something flying or if they go flying, they move through the air and fall down with a lot of force.
send someone/something flying phrase V inflects, PHR after v
The blow sent the young man flying.
14 If you say that you would like to be a fly on the wall in a situation that does not involve you, you mean that you would like to see or hear what happens in that situation.
fly on the wall phrase v-link PHR
What I'd give to be a fly on the wall when Davis finds out what's happened to his precious cargo.
as the crow flies →
to fly in the face of →
to fly the flag →
to fly off the handle →
a fly in the ointment →
pigs might fly →
sparks fly →
time flies →
time fly at phrasal verb If you fly at someone, you attack them, either physically by hitting them, or with words by insulting them.
(=let fly at) She flew at him for making a very anti-British remark. V P n fly into phrasal verb If you fly into a bad temper or a panic, you suddenly become very angry or anxious and show this in your behaviour. Losing a game would cause him to fly into a rage. V P n
A fly-by-night businessman is someone who wants to make money very quickly, without caring about the quality or honesty of the service they offer.
INFORMAL adj ADJ n (disapproval)
...fly-by-night operators who fail to complete jobs.
On a fly-drive holiday, you travel part of the way to your destination by aeroplane, and collect a hired car at the airport so that you can drive the rest of the way. adj ADJ n
...a fly-drive break in New Zealand.
fly-fishing, fly fishing
Fly-fishing is a method of fishing in which a silk or nylon model of a small winged insect is used as bait. n-uncount
A fly-on-the-wall documentary is made by filming people as they do the things they normally do, rather than by interviewing them or asking them to talk directly to the camera. adj ADJ n
...a fly-on-the-wall documentary about the Queen's life.
a fly on the wall
fruit fly ( fruit flies plural ) Fruit flies are very small flies which eat fruit and rotting plants. n-count
no-fly zone ( no-fly zones plural ) A no-fly zone is an area of sky where military and other aircraft are not allowed to fly, especially because of a war. n-count
tsetse fly ( tsetse flies plural ), tsetse A tsetse fly or a tsetse is an African fly that feeds on blood and can cause serious diseases in the people and animals that it bites. n-var

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Definition of recompense :
1. An equivalent returned for anything done, suffered, or given; compensation; requital; suitable return.
2. To give in return; to pay back; to pay, as something earned or deserved.
3. To give recompense; to make amends or requital.
4. To render an equivalent to, for service, loss, etc.; to requite; to remunerate; to compensate.
5. To return an equivalent for; to give compensation for; to atone for; to pay for.
pay off, gratuity, premium, allowance, recoupment, honorarium, contribution, furbish up, mend, fix, pay, fee, reparation, resort, consideration, stipend, spend, indemnify, bushel, reward, finance, renovate, even off, invest in, down payment, reprisal, doctor, remediate, settlement, quittance, wages, damages, counterbalance, overcompensate, make up, remuneration, advance, repair, requital, satisfaction, fund, restore, payback, recreate, touch on, animate, indemnification, indemnity, reanimate, repay, quicken, disburse, revive, deposit, requite, restitution, vivify, salary, payment, even out, compensation, bear the cost/expense etc., amend, hire, earnings, repayment, remittance, pay out, revivify, put up, right, cover, even up
atone (part of speech: verb)
recompense (part of speech: verb)


text:
The Heartland Latino Leadership wishes to thank artist Linda Garcia for her design contributions. Each element of the design incorporates symbols that express the strength, hopes, and culture of the Latino community. Taken together, they relay an even more powerful message of progress toward a fulfilling destiny.
HEART is for the heartland and for the real leadership which must involve your Corazón (Heart and Spirit) as well as the mind.
HAND symbolizes hecho en Mexico or handmade in Mexico. Although all Latinos are not of Mexican heritage, this symbol was chosen because leadership needs hands on efforts to grow a strong community. Many indigenous people have a strong history of folk art.
SEED held in the palm of the Hand; the seed symbolizes growth. Leadership, like a planted seed, benefits not only the sower but a multitude of others.
FRIEZE within the Heart, the step like symbol is originally from Vera Cruz.
This ancient symbol was chosen to represent a historical perspective. You must know where you come from to know where you are going. One must perpetuate their heritage.
RIVERS the outside lines of the Heart represent the Missouri and the Platte Rivers, reinforces the heritage of the Heartland, and invokes it as a new gathering place.


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Porites and 'Christmas Tree Worms'
By Rob Toonen. Posted to Reefkeepers emailing list, Sunday the 12th of December 1999.
I'm not sure where the idea that Spirobranchus worms feed on the mucus from Porites first originated, but I see it quite often. As far as I know there is absolutely no research that supports that claim (although if someone knows of some references to the contrary, I would appreciate knowing about them!). The worms are feeders on plankton and although they are obligate associates of live corals, they are found in a variety of species, and Porites is actually one of the species that they do *worst* in (I'll explain this more below). It's sort of a complicated system, and no one has really figured out exactly what is going on yet, other than the fact that Spirobranchus "giganteus" is an entire species complex rather than a single species, and several "morphs" of the species have turned out to be completely infertile when crossed.
The reason that the worms are found on specific corals seems to be a result of larvae showing a strong settlement preference for corals such as Porites asteroides and Millepora complanata and ignoring corals such as Siderastrea, Dendrogyra and Agaricia. However, when researchers examined the growth and survival rates of worms on different coral species, worms that settled on Diploria strigosa did the best, followed by those living in Montastrea annularis, M. cavernosa, and Porites porites came in dead last in every measure of growth for the worms! Just to make things more complicated, different researchers find different results in different regions (such as larval preferences for specific corals), suggesting that there is a lot of variation among the worms throughout their range, or that there are a lot of similar but unidentified species that are mistakenly being tested as the same animal. Until these issues are properly addressed, it is difficult to make accurate generalizations.
As far as I can tell from the research done on these worms, the primary reason that they are found almost entirely in association with live corals has nothing to do with nutrition. In fact, researchers have examined the boring invertebrate communities in corals that are live, to those in which 50%, or 100% of the colony was dead, and they found big differences. In living corals, only 3 species were commonly found (a bivalve, a vermetid snail and the Xmas tree worms). The number of species boring through the colony and the amount of carbonate skeleton lost to that activity increases with the proportion of the colony that is dead. Completely dead colonies were rapidly colonized by 17-18 species of boring invertebrates (the most significant of which are the sipunculans, or peanut worms) which remove an average of 14.2 kg of carbonate skeleton per m^3. In addition, parrotfishes and grazing echinoderms (including urchins, brittle & serpent stars) removed an additional 5.25 kg per m^3 and together these boring activities are pretty likely to ensure that the worms don't survive for long once the coral dies. It also seems likely that the boring invertebrates would not differentiate between the calcareous tube of Spirobranchus and that of the dead coral, exposing the worm to attack from predators, pathogens and other additional stresses not experienced when the worms inhabit a healthy live coral. Hence, it is not surprising that the worms aren't found in many dead coral skeletons, but it doesn't mean that the worms are eating coral snot ;)
Unlike many worms that only live for relatively short times (a few years), Spirobranchus are a relatively slow growing worm that lives for a long time in the wild. Researchers used X-rays to determine the age of the worm by counting the annual growth rings of the corals in which they were embedded, and found that most animals were over 10 years old and some were more than 40! On average a healthy worm grows about 0.2mm in the diameter of the tube opening each year, but under ideal conditions the maximum growth rates are up to 1.0 mm increase in orfice diameter per year. In any case, these worms should easily outlive the average reef tank, and you cannot delude yourself into thinking that the animals died of old age if they fade in your aquarium.
As I mentioned above, there is no indication that these worms feed on anything different than other tube-dwelling serpulid polychaetes (a mixture of primarily phytoplankton with some small zooplankters thrown in as the worm grows to maturity), but I am not familiar with any specific studies of prey preference or gut content analyses of Spirobranchus in the wild (as I said above if anyone knows of any such studies that I have missed, please let me know!). The fact that Spirobranchus are generally imported with pieces of Porites does not mean that they are obligate associates of this coral, nor does it mean that they are feeding off the mucus of the coral. In fact, depending on the source you check, the most likely associate for Spirobranchus is likely to be P. lutea, P. lobata, P.lichen or even Montipora informis. In any case, until I see a study demonstrating that Spirobranchus is physically dependant on the living coral for anything other than protection (as outlined above), the assumption that this worm feeds in a substantially different manner than the other serpulids inhabiting live corals seems utterly unfounded to me...
Created by liquid
Last modified 2006-11-24 18:42


Using pesticide sprays in the home 'could double risk of brain tumours'
Last updated at 23:14 04 June 2007
Using pesticides on house plants could more than double your risk of developing a brain tumour, a study suggests.
Those who use fly sprays, weedkillers and other chemical treatments on their pot-plants are 2.25 times more likely to develop brain cancer, the findings show.
Around 5,000 Britons are diagnosed with brain tumours each year. Some can be removed by surgery, but others can cause death quickly.
Little is known about the causes of most brain tumours.
The study - one of the biggest of its kind - suggests that chemicals found in pesticides play a role.
The findings come a week after British researchers warned that using pesticides while gardening could increase the risk of Parkinson's disease by more than 40 per cent.
In the latest study, French researchers asked more than 200 male and female patients with brain tumours about their past use of pesticides at work and at home.
They compared the answers with those given by a healthy group of similar age and upbringing.
It was found that those who had used pesticides on house plants were more than twice as likely to have developed a brain tumour.
The study, published in the journal Occupational and Environmental Medicine, also found a clear link between pesticide use at work and ill health.
Overall, farm workers had almost a 30 per cent increased risk of developing a brain tumour.
But those who had used pesticides the most had more than twice the risk.
The researchers, from Victor Segalen University in Bordeaux, concluded: "These figures suggest that a high level of occupational exposure to pesticides might be associated with an excess risk of brain tumours.
"Treatment of house plants was also associated with an increased risk of brain tumour.
"It is of concern that they are sprayed in closed dwellings and are recommended for use every week."
They added that further research was needed as they could not rule out that differences in diet or exposure to chemicals in household cleaning agents had an effect on tumour development.
Nor could they pinpoint which products or chemicals were damaging the brain.
Georgina Downs, of the UK Pesticides Campaign, said: "This is a clear warning for people to think of other methods to keep plants free of bugs."
The Crop Protection Association, which represents pesticide manufacturers, said there was no conclusive link between pesticides and brain tumours.


text:
Which of the following is more grammatically correct?
a. John's performance on the test shocked the teacher.
b. John's performance in the test shocked the teacher.
Performance really depends on the object: You perform IN a play but you perform ON a stage so:
So really your question comes down to: do you perform on a test? Do you perform in a test? I would lead towards "on" because of other usage:
Then again, if we are really talking about an implied "performance in taking" the test, suddenly this could be correct:
However I would also go ahead and call both of them "awkward". I would avoid entirely and use
Or best of all, use K.I.S.S. and avoid the problem altogether:
I think if it is a written test, we most often say performance on the test (maybe because we "put our ideas down on paper"), but if it is measuring abilities in an environment, e.g. response times, or skill comparisons (before and after, etc) we use performance in the test.


This article is part of a series in which we define and explain various wedding related terms. Perhaps you've heard the word dowry before in relation to weddings, so today we'll be answering the question:
What is a dowry?
Definition: A dowry is the money or goods that a bride's family gives to her new husband and/or his family when they are married.
Other terms associated with the exchange of wealth during a marriage are bride price and dower. A bride price refers to money that a groom would pay to his bride's father in exchange for her hand in marriage, while the dower is the property that is settled upon for the bride at the time of marriage so that she is taken care of should she survive her husband.
The history of the dowry
The parental giving of a dowry in exchange for their daughter's hand in marriage is an ancient custom that has been practiced all over the world, and still continues in some parts of the world. Many cultures still expect, or in some cases, demand a dowry as a condition to accept a marriage proposal, mostly in areas including Asia, Northern Africa and even certain regions of Europe.
The tradition of a dowry has decreased over time and it is no longer a common custom in developed countries or urban areas.
During the wedding ceremony, the custom of giving away the bride was an acknowledgment that the dowry had been negotiated and the bride had her father's blessing.
In ancient times, a hefty dowry could serve to increase the desirability of a woman for marriage. Men could potentially consider a marriage proposal based on the size of their expected dowry in order to build power and wealth for their own families.
In certain cultures such as Ancient Rome, the father was basically required to provide every daughter with a dowry appropriate to his means. If a father was unable to give a reasonable dowry for his daughter's hand, a relative or family friend might offer to help them out and provide the dowry on his behalf.
The purpose of a dowry
In ancient times, a dowry was given to the groom and his family in exchange for the bride as a way of ensuring that she is properly taken care of and comfortable. In those times, it was also expected that the bride would leave her family home to reside with or near her new husband's family. This gift would serve to provide a bit of financial security in the case of widowhood, and was thought to eventually provide for the couple's future children as well.
A dowry could also be considered a conditional offering that would be expected to be returned in the case of divorce, abuse, or other mistreatment of the bride.
In modern time periods, the dowry is intended to help set up the couple's new household, especially in cultures where it is rare for a woman to work outside the home.
In the case of the bride's passing, things could get a little hairy. If a woman died without having any sons, her husband would have to return the dowry to the bride's family, deducting the value of the bride price. The bride is also entitled to her entire dowry after her husband's death, and the dowry is only inheritable by her own children.
What was in a typical dowry?
A dowry could be made up of any combination of valuable things. Dowries often consisted of money, jewels or precious metals, land or property, home furnishings and more. In some cases, a groom had to ask his bride's permission to use or sell certain items contained within the dowry, such as land or property.
The evolution of the dowry
This dowry custom evolved first into a "trousseau" or hope chest. A trousseau is the collection of goods that a woman gathers in preparation for her future marriage. Ultimately, the bridal registry and bridal shower are later evolutions of the traditional dowry.


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Tusks and crocodile blood seized at UK borders in crackdown on endangered animal products
Criminal gangs and wildlife traffickers in more than 100 countries were targeted in the operation led by Interpol.
Crocodile blood capsules
Image: Crocodile blood capsules were among the items seized
Why you can trust Sky News
Crocodile blood and elephant tusks are among thousands of endangered animal products seized in a month-long operation at UK ports and airports.
Specially-trained UK Border Force officers took part in the international drive against wildlife criminals, who are responsible for a huge increase in the trade in rare animal and plant items.
The operation, led by Interpol and the World Customs Organisation, specifically focussed on the activities of criminal gangs in more than 100 countries, who feed off organised wildlife trafficking.
An elephant tusk with wall mount
Image: An elephant tusk with wall mount
As part of that effort, Border Force officers intensified their operations at sea ports and airports, making 178 separate seizures of items totalling thousands of products, banned under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES).
The seizures included elephant tusks and other ivory goods, live corals and reptile skin products and bottles containing crocodile blood.
The reptile blood products are increasingly popular in Thailand and a number of other countries in the Far East, where some believe they are effective in preventing cancer.
Officers also seized a number of rare cactus plants. The cacti astrophytum asterias plants are native to a small number of states in the US and Mexico.
More from Elephants
Border Force officials unwrapping cacti
Image: Border Force officials unwrapping cacti
They are classed in the highest category of protected plant species and described as critically imperilled.
But despite this protection, illegal collection continues to threaten the future of this rare cactus.
Other items seized at the UK border included queen conch pearl, among the rarest type of pearl in the world. High-quality specimens can fetch up to £15,000 per carat.
Despite a UK ban on the trade in ivory, Border Force agents still regularly recover ivory products at Britain's ports and airports.
Astrophytum asterias cacti are endangered
Image: Astrophytum asterias cacti are endangered
Elephant tusks, attached to wall mounting chains, were among the ivory products found during this latest operation.
The European Union has come under increasing pressure to follow the example of the UK and US in banning the trade in ivory products.
The international trade in those products was outlawed 30 years ago, but trade in antique ivory and shipments of personal effects for non-commercial purposes are still allowed and this loophole is being exploited by some traders within the EU.
A queen conch pearl
Image: A queen conch pearl
Conservationists have accused the EU of helping fuel the trade, which has seen a rise in elephant poaching in parts of Africa over the past decade, with around 20,000 elephants killed each year for their ivory.
Home Office Minister Chris Philip said the UK was proud to play a part in the latest international efforts to combat wildlife crime.
"The trade in endangered species is driven by organised crime groups and the movement of banned animal products is key to how they operate," he said.
Codenamed Operation Thunder, the international drive against the trade in endangered animal and plant products led to the worldwide seizure of 1.3 tonnes of ivory, more than one tonne of pangolin scales, 1,400 live turtles and 1,800 reptiles.


MPEP Q & A 158: Can Maintenance Fees be Paid in Cash?
 Can Maintenance Fees be Paid in Cash?
Can maintenance fees be paid in cash?
Maintenance fees may not be paid in cash.
A maintenance fee may be paid:
 - with Treasury notes
 - with national bank notes
 - with post office money orders
 - with certified checks
 - over the internet by electronic funds transfer (EFT), credit card, or deposit account payment methods
Chapter Details:
The answer to this question can be found in chapter 2500 of the MPEP. This chapter covers maintenance fees.
The answer is from the 9th Edition, Revision 08.2017. Depending on future changes to the MPEP, the question and answer may or may not be applicable in later Editions or revisions.
Section Summary:
This question and answer comes from section 2522 of the MPEP. The following is a brief summary of section 2522.
2522 Methods of Payment
This section outlines the ways a maintenance fee may be paid. In addition, it covers instances when the payment will not be accepted (like, for instance, when the payment is less than the required amount).


text:
© 1997 – Routledge
An understanding of what we mean by the present is one of the key issues in literature, philosophy, and culture today, but also one of the most neglected and misunderstood. Present Hope develops a fascinating philosophical understanding of the present, approaching this question via discussions of the nature of historical time, the philosophy of history, memory, and the role of tragedy.
Andrew Benjamin shows how we misleadingly view the present as simply a product of chronological time, ignoring the role of history and memory. Accordingly, discussion of what is meant by the present disappears from philosophical concern. To draw attention to this absence, Andrew Benjamin introduces the notion of hope and asks what this concept can tell us about the present.
At the heart of the outstanding work is an emphasis on the relation between hope and the Jewish tradition. Through discussions of philosophical responses to the Holocaust, the work of Walter Benjamin, Daniel Libeskind's Jewish Museum, and the poetry of Paul Celan, Present Hope shows how we must look beyond the purely philosophical horizon to understand the present we live in.


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Implications of radial head hemiarthroplasty dish depth on radiocapitellar contact mechanics
Journal of Hand Surgery
URL with Digital Object Identifier
© 2015 American Society for Surgery of the Hand. Purpose To investigate the effect of radial head implant dish depth on radiocapitellar joint contact mechanics. Methods Computed tomography images of 13 fresh-frozen cadaveric humeri were reconstructed into 3-dimensional finite element models with accurate cartilage geometry. Native humeri were paired with the corresponding native radial heads and axisymmetric radial head prosthesis models of the following dish depths: 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm, 2.0 mm, 2.5 mm, and 3.0 mm. Radiocapitellar contact mechanics were quantified at 4 different flexion angles (0°, 45°, 90°, and 135°) with a 100-N axial load applied to the radial head using a modeling protocol previously validated by cadaveric studies. The radial head was permitted to translate freely to its optimal position while the humerus was fully constrained. Output variables were contact area and peak contact stress. Results All prostheses had significantly decreased contact area and increased peak contact stress at all flexion angles relative to the native radiocapitellar joint. Contact area increased with prosthesis dish depth until reaching a plateau with a predicted local maximum at a mean depth of 3.2 ± 0.7 mm. Peak contact stress was elevated for both the shallowest and deepest models and reached a predicted local minimum at a mean depth of 1.8 ± 0.3 mm. Conclusions Contact area and peak contact stress were dependent on radial head prosthesis dish depth. There was an optimal implant dish depth for radiocapitellar contact mechanics at approximately 2 mm. Clinical relevance Optimizing radiocapitellar contact mechanics using rigorous and systematic prosthesis design techniques may lead to better clinical outcomes due to reduced capitellar cartilage degradation.


text:
Here's the Easy Way to Text a GIF
Sometimes life requires more than words to explain the way we really feel, which is why GIFs have become our go-to for sharing the highs and lows of day-to-day life. The one place we were missing this crucial form of communication: on our phones. Luckily, times have changed, and sending GIFs via iMessage is actually possible. Now that we've found a way for you to share your deepest, darkest emotions from your phone, scroll down to grab the fast how-to you need to know!
The Steps to Sending a GIF on an iPhone:
- Find your GIF of choice in Safari.
- Tap and press on the GIF you wish to use.
- When the word Copy appears, tap it to copy your GIF.
- Open iMessage.
- In the text box, press down again until the word Paste appears.
- Click to paste your GIF (it will look like a still image, but once sent, it will animate).
- Congrats! You have successfully sent your first GIF iMessage.


text:
It is thought to be the quintessential British meal, but new research claims the original idea for fish and chips came from Jewish and French dishes.
Fish and chips is a traditional seaside meal
A study of the multicultural nature of UK cuisine suggests the meal was influenced by immigrants 150 years ago.
Professor Panikos Panayi of Leicester's De Montfort University has begun a
£6,000 research project to investigate the global influence on British food.
He said fish and chips mixed "French frites with Jewish fish dishes".
Mr Panayi's research is expected to last two to three years and his findings will be published in a book called The Spicing Up of English Life.
He said: "In the middle of the 19th century the main concern of most sections of
English society consisted of eating enough food of sufficient quality to stay
alive, rather than displaying a concern about variety.
"Transformations between 1850 and 1945 included the emergence of fish and
chips, influenced by both French and Jewish culinary traditions.
He said the origins of the dish were complex, but probably came about from the combination of French frites with Jewish fish dishes.
"It certainly isn't the traditional British food people might think, and of
course the meal is often enjoyed with a cup of tea - the best example of the
influence of the Empire on English eating and drinking habits."
Fish and chips restaurant Harry Ramsden's serves
20,000 portions per day across Britain.
A spokeswoman said: "It's very interesting to hear
the professor's findings on the origins of the ingredients that are still, and
we're sure will always be, a great British tradition."
Mr Panayi has urged people who arrived in the UK in the 1950s and 1960s to contact him to help him with his research.
The project will also examine the arrival of ice cream and pork with Italian
and German immigrants and the effect of the first Indian and Chinese


text:
Watershed Lit: Center for Literary Engagement and Publishing Practice
Watershed Lit: Center for Literary Engagement and Publishing Practice is a collective of organizations whose missions create and promote transformative experiences in the literary arts at Mason and beyond. Together, we seek to inspire love of the written word in all its forms, foster the professional development of writers, teachers and future literary leaders, and provide a platform for new and unheard voices.
Watershed Lit emerges organically from separate efforts that the Mason Creative Writing Program has spearheaded for nearly four decades: Fall for the Book, Northern Virginia Writing Project, Poetry Daily, Stillhouse Press, and the Cheuse Center for International Writers.
Watershed Lit serves as the hub for program-related initiatives outside of the classroom and across the region: an incubator for research on topics ranging from the history of the book to translation arts to burgeoning publishing technologies, and a laboratory for experiential learning for generations of Mason students to come.
The goals of Watershed Lit include:
to foster entrepreneurial initiatives related to the creation and dissemination of writing;
to explore—through the curation and presentation of events in collaboration with partners within and outside the university—critical issues confronting global citizens through the lens of fiction, poetry, nonfiction, and other narrative platforms;
to support research related to the literary arts (e.g., investigating the roots of science fiction as a genre), publishing practice (e.g., history of printing technology), or any of the disciplines associated with the center (e.g., survey of literary festivals in America and their impact on reading culture or how technology has changed reading patterns); and encourage scholarship by visiting creative writers as fellows (e.g., matters of translation);
to better leverage current assets on behalf of student recruitment, program growth, and alumni support;
to provide internships, mentorships, apprenticeships, and other valuable career-path opportunities for students to become better artists and smarter authors prepared for a variety of professions—and who are prepared to navigate the publishing world.
Watershed Lit is located in Horizon Hall and endeavors to spark a greater, more holistic vision of what Mason students and faculty can accomplish together.


[OnyxCeph³™ Wiki]
DokuWiki - World Wide Web
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Module Bracket Erase
Module BracketErase
Program version BASIC 2D PRO 3D PRO LAB OMS
Availablility n/a n/a optional optional optional
The module Bracket Erase can be used to remove brackets and bands in a model scan. By removing these parts from the scan, you can create finishing aligners, splints or retainers, before the brackets are actually removed from the patient.
Ideally, a segmented scan of the patient from before the bracket treatment is used to replace the removed bracket geometry with the exact surface of the actual teeth of the patient.
First Steps
 1. Segment both the current scan with brackets as well as the initial malocclusion scan
 2. Open Bracket Erase module with the current scan
 3. Load the malocclusion scan as a reference scan
 4. Use automatic or manual bracket selection to define the geometry that should be replaced
 5. Select the option "Replace whole tooth" to remove bands
 6. Select the option "Show Refence" to see the fitting of the reference surface
Module user interface
en/bracketerase.txt · Last modified: 2021/04/29 10:42 by onyxadmin


text:
Colour photograph of Sylvia Boyes with a group of children standing in front of an aeroplane before she departed South Africa, 1969. Sylvia was following Lindsay Motherwell to London so they could get married.
Sylvia Boyes (a South African-born orphan) and Lindsay Motherwell (a Melbourne-born drummer) met in Cape Town, South Africa in 1967 through their theatre connections. They fell in love but due to apartheid laws were forced to leave South Africa to marry in London. They subsequently relocated permanently to Melbourne in 1970.
Description of Content
Young womanwearing a pink suit, holding a bouquet of yellow flowers with a group of children in front of her. They are standing in front of an aeroplane.
Statement of Historical Significance:
This collection provides a significant opportunity to represent political and personal freedom as a motivation for migrating to Australia within the international context of both apartheid in South Africa and the end of the White Australia policy in Australia. The personal narrative is well documented and the objects provide a material way to follow the lives of both Lindsay and Sylvia, both separately and where they coincide in South Africa and onwards together to Melbourne. While this is ultimately a love story, it plays out through the collection against the backdrop of apartheid South Africa, sixties London and an increasingly multicultural Australia.
Hand written inscription on reverse:'so long farewell/we hate to see you/go'
Type of item
89 mm (Width), 89 mm (Height)


text: Abstract CuO nanosheets were synthesized by an easy and green sonochemical method. It was found that, CuO nanosheets could significantly catalyse the chemiluminescence (CL) reaction of luminol–KMnO4 in an alkaline condition. Based on this finding, a new CL system (luminol–KMnO4–CuO nanosheets) combined with flow injection analysis has been developed for the determination of meropenem for the first time. Moreover, the CL intensity was enhanced when meropenem was presented in the reaction system. Under the optimum conditions, the enhanced CL intensity was proportional to the concentration of meropenem in the ranges of 0.005–6.00mg L−1, with a detection limit (3σ) of 0.0036mg L−1. The precision of the method was calculated by analyzing samples containing 1.0mg L−1 meropenem (n=11) and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 1.7%. Also, a total analysis time per sample was 30seconds which confirmed the rapidity of the proposed assay. The practicality of the proposed CL system was evaluated by determining meropenem in spiked environmental water samples and human serum. A discussion on the possible CL reaction mechanism was also presented.


"Femicide is any form of violence exercised on women on the basis of an alleged male superiority, through both physical and psychological enslavement." This is the definition of a new term coined due to the growing number of acts of violence against the female gender.
But is this number really growing? Statistics confirm this: every two days in Italy a woman is killed by her partner, without taking into account all other types of non-domestic violence. From murder to rape, from stalking to verbal insult, the types of violence are numerous, but they all affect the victim both psychologically and physically.
The age range of executioners and victims vary, but generally the former are between 31 and 50 years old, while the latter, much younger, between 18 and 31. However, femicide is also increasing at the expense of older women, between 71 and 80 years old.
Although the phenomenon is so widespread and above all serious, the sentences received are not equivalent to the crime inflicted.
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text:
Server transmission rules govern the behavior of messages going from the server to the client. Server transmission rules are handled by the MobiLink server. They apply both when you are using push notifications and when you are not using notifications.
There are several ways to set server transmission rules:
Write a server management request to set the transmission rule.
Use Sybase Central to set the rules.
Create a server transmission rules file and specify it when you start the MobiLink server. This method is deprecated.
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Quick Answer: How Do Bikers Greet Each Other?
How do bikers say hello?
Titles for this greeting include "Biker wave", "Motorcyclist wave", "Motorcycle wave" or just "The Wave." The greeting made can include a number of gestures including a nod, a pointed finger, palm-out V sign, or an actual raised-hand wave..
Why bikers wave to each other?
The biker wave is as old as motorcycles. Apparently it was started in 1904 when Harley-Davidson partners Arthur Davidson and William Harley passed each other and waved. It was noted by a passerby and believed to be etiquette among riders. … I'm not talking about motorcycle rider hand signals that indicate hazards etc.
Why do bikers kiss on the lips?
The Angels differentiated themselves from society by kissing each other on the mouth as a greeting and an opportunity to shock passers-by. The bikers' kisses became immortalized in Hunter S.
Why do bikers hate trikes?
There are some notable downsides to Harley's trikes, of course. The most obvious one is the handling. Unlike Can-Am's Spider or Polaris' Slingshot, the two wheels are at the rear of the bike. This severely hampers handling in the traditional sense, as the third wheel renders leaning impossible.
Why do bikers say old lady?
Ol' Lady: Some say Old Lady and others argue about using the 'd' on the end of old. However you choose to pronounce it – – when a biker decides he likes a woman well enough to keep her as his personal property, he takes her as his Ol' Lady. The term Ol' Lady is a term of endearment, not one of disrespect.
What does the peace sign mean to bikers?
A fist with the index and middle fingers extended but spread apart – A peace sign meaning "peace on the road." Thumb and index finger making a circle other three fingers extended – The "OK" sign saying, "I'm okay, you're okay." Can also be a question asking if the other rider is okay.
What is a 2% biker?
What should you not say to a biker?
20 Things to NEVER Say When Dating a BikerYour garage really needed a makeover! … It's like you have another woman out in the garage. … You'll never get ME on that death machine! … You know, I think you love that motorcycle more than you love me. … You spent HOW MUCH on new pipes for your motorcycle?More items…
Why do bikers wave down low?
The Biker Wave is a way for motorcyclists to acknowledge each other as they pass each other on the road. It is very similar to how Jeep owners have their own wave as they pass each other on the road. It really is just a simple way of saying hello to someone who has the same passion as you, when it comes to two wheels.
What does FTW mean for bikers?
For The WindSo, the Hell's Angels are the 81, Forajidos the 6, etc. FTW: usually it would mean "For The Wind", but in the MC culture are "Fuck the World" initials, symbol of biker's absolute rebellion.
What does a 1% tattoo mean?
What do bikers call their girlfriends?
Why do bikers carry hammers?
The ball peen hammer being carried by bikers has been synonymous with Hell's Angels for a very long time, because it used to be an unassuming and very affective weapon for them to use for self protection in a fight. Most people in the biker community still associate the ball peen hammer with HA.
Why do bikers wear rings?
Some wear for sentimental reasons or vanity, and there is some who wear as a symbol of status. There are also others who believe in wearing certain rings will have benefits such as magic talismans, protection from evil spirits and amulets. … These are the reasons one should wear biker rings.
What does it mean when bikers point two fingers down?
This is a way of expressing respect towards the other motorcyclist. It's our way of saying, "Hello! Keep the rubber side down, keep both wheels on the ground". It signifies that the rider is wishing the fellow rider to stay safe and ride safe.
What does a 3% patch mean?
3 Piece Patch Meaning The 3 piece patch is normally used to identify the club as a traditional motorcycle club, shortened as MC. This type of patch is used to signify that the club is not sanctioned by the American Motorcycle Association, but necessarily not a 1% club.
What does 13 mean to bikers?
What does 81 mean to bikers?
MC stands for Motorcycle Club. All members of HAMC World ride motorcycles. 81 is a metonym. It stands for the 8th letter of the alphabet which is an H, and the 1st letter of the alphabet which is an A, HA = Hells Angels.


Kadalgudi Village Population - Vilathikulam, Thoothukkudi, Tamil Nadu
Kadalgudi is a village located in Vilathikulam Taluk of Thoothukkudi district in Tamil Nadu. Around 281 families reside in Kadalgudi village. Kadalgudi village is administered by Sarpanch(Head of village) who is elected every five years.
As per the Census India 2011, Kadalgudi village has population of 1029 of which 472 are males and 557 are females. The population of children between age 0-6 is 105 which is 10.2% of total population.
The sex-ratio of Kadalgudi village is around 1180 compared to 996 which is average of Tamil Nadu state. The literacy rate of Kadalgudi village is 69.97% out of which 80.51% males are literate and 61.04% females are literate. There are 14.97% Scheduled Caste (SC) and 0 Scheduled Tribe (ST) of total population in Kadalgudi village.
Kadalgudi Population Facts
Number of Households281
Male Population472 (45.87%)
Female Population557 (54.13%)
Children Population105
Male Literacy80.51%
Female Literacy61.04%
Scheduled Tribes (ST) %0
Scheduled Caste (SC) %14.97%
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What will happen? If the astronaut shoots at his companion in space.
Space has its secrets. We all know that there is no gravity in space. The question is what will happen if there is a dispute between the astronauts and if an astronaut fires a revolver at his companion standing nearby. Will the revolver's bullet reach the nearest target. Will blood come out of the astronaut's body after being shot. Will the astronaut die. Let's try to find answers to all the questions.
astronaut in space
Can a gun be fired in space like the ground?
Graduate from Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee and Mukul Kant, who is researching the mysteries of nature, says that to fire any bullet or bullet, gunpowder or propellant has to be set on fire, due to which with the help of a blast The bullet comes out of the gun very fast. And to the fire we need oxygen, but there is no oxygen in the space. In such a situation, fire cannot happen. If someone presses the trigger of the gun, the miss will be fired.
Is there an option to fire with a gun in space?
But it is not that space cannot be fired. Mukul Kant explains that with the help of artificial oxidizers, the gunpowder can be set on fire and the bullet can be shot. Now if someone shoots a bullet with a gun in space, then because of this, it will know what the effects will be.
What will sound if shot in space?
If we shoot with a gun on earth, as soon as the bullet comes out of the gun then a heavy sound is produced. But due to the vacuum present in the space, there will be no sound on gunshot because the sound waves need some medium to travel and the sound waves in the vacuum cannot travel and due to this without any sound. The bullet will exit the gun.
What will happen if a shotgun blows in space?
When a gun is fired, it causes a shock to the back, which is called the recoiling of the gun. According to physics, due to newton's action-reaction rules and conservation of linear momentum, a backward force is applied when the bullet comes out of the gun. Due to momentum and mass, that backward force is very low, so that we do not have to push far and if we talk about space, then these rules also apply there but due to lack of gravity, we will start swimming backward and our displacement too. It could be a little more. According to a calculation, if the bullet comes out of the gun at a speed of 1000 m / s, the speed of the rear shock due to the backward force will be only a few centimeters/second.
How far will the bullet fired in space go?
Now a very interesting thing. When we shoot at the earth, due to gravity and air friction, it gets some external forces due to which its speed decreases after some time and it stops after traveling a fixed distance.
But if we talk about space, then there is neither gravity nor air which can put external force on the bullet and stop it. Also, due to the expansion of the universe, that is, due to the expansion of the universe, it will take several million light-years time for the bullet to go from one place to another. To make it simple and simple, the bullet will travel for infinite time and will not stop until an asteroid or a planet comes in its way.


text:
GeekDad Puzzle of the Week Answer: How to Bullseye a Womp Rat
- 5:30 AM
Get ready for some serious puzzling. Basically this week's puzzle asked you to calculate the probability of success of Luke's shot at the Death Star exhaust port. First he had to survive the surface run. Then he had to survive long enough in the trench with Vader on his tail to get off a clean shot. Then he had to pull the trigger within the very short time that a photon torpedo would enter the exhaust port instead of simply exploding on the surface — i.e. Luke once he was in position, Luke had to bullseye the womp rat (which sounds a bit like an euphemism you might use with your significant other when the kids are listening).
In any case, Andy and independently Blaine and Felicia sent spectacular and correct answers to this important conundrum: From the time Luke found himself in the sky around the Death Star, he had a 0.0168% or a 1-in-5946 chance of success.
Here is Andy's excellent explanation:
Okay, so let's break this down into three components:
P_s: the probability that Luke survives the surface run
P_t: the probability that he survives in the trench long enough to get a shot off (given that survived the surface run)
P_h: the probability that he actually hits the exhaust port (given that he survived the trench run)
Then, the overall probability of success is simply P_s * P_t * P_h.
Now let's figure out what the values for each of those components are.
P_s is easy, because it was given to us.P_s = 10% = 0.1
P_t is determined by an exponential decay function:P_t = P_0 * e(-kt)
where:P_0 = the probability of surviving until the start of the trench run = 1 (because P_t is already conditioned on surviving the surface run)
k = the decay constant = 1.15 (given)
t = time (in minutes) that Luke has to survive in the trench
Of course, now we need to calculate t:
t = d / s
where:d = distance traveled (in km)
s = speed = 1050 km/h (given) = 17.5 km/min
Now, we need to calculate d:
d = (1/8)C = (1/8)*2πr = (1/4)*πr
where:C = circumference of the midhemisphere trench (in km)
r = radius of the midhemisphere trench (in km)
As illustrated in the above picture, because the Death Star has a radius of 80 km, r is given by:
r = sin(45°) * 80 km = 40*sqrt(2) km ≈ 56.569 km
Plugging that into the equation for d, we get:
d ≈ (1/4)*π*56.569 km ≈ 44.429 km
Plugging that into the equation for t, we get:
t ≈ 44.429 / 17.5 ≈ 2.539 min
Finally, plugging that into our original equation, we get:
P_t ≈ 1 * e(-1.15 * 2.539) ≈ 0.0540
So, assuming Luke makes it to the start of the trench, he has around a 5.4% chance of making it to the end.
Finally, let's figure out the likelihood of Luke's shot hitting the target:P_h = t_p / t_r
where:t_p = the amount of time the exhaust port is in the target zone (in seconds)
t_r = Luke's reaction time = 0.22 s (given)
We can calculate t_p using the following equation:
t_p = l_p / s
where:l_p = length of the exhaust port = 2 m (given)
s = Luke's speed = 1050 km/h (given) = _PHONE_ m/h ≈ 291.667 m/s
Plugging those values into the equation for t_p gives us:
t_p ≈ 2 / 291.667 ≈ 0.00686 s
Plugging that into the equation for P_h gives us:
P_h ≈ 0.00686 / 0.22 ≈ 0.0312
So. assuming Luke survives long enough to get a shot off, he has a little better than 3% chance of hitting the port.
Putting this all together, the overall probability that Luke makes it to the trench, survives the trench run, and manages to hit the exhaust port (starting a chain reaction that should destroy the station), is given by:P ≈ 0.1 * 0.0540 * 0.0312 ≈ 0.000168
Luke has around 0.0168% chance of success, a little better than your chances of flipping 13 heads in a row with a fair coin. So, unlikely, but nowhere near winning-the-lottery-unlikely.
The second part of the puzzle asked entrants to pontificate about the role of the Force in guiding Luke's shot. Again, I defer to Andy:
Now then, we have to consider what effect the influence of the Force would have on his chances of success. I would argue that the Force does not preordain that Luke should succeed. The Force does not care whether Luke succeeds or fails. It is simply an energy field that surrounds and permeates all living things. However, it does significantly improve Luke's awareness of his surroundings and his reaction time, and therefore his likelihood of success in each of the three stages listed above. As seen in the prequels, Jedis have little difficulty surviving barrages of blaster fire in the midst of heated battles. They are able to dodge, deflect, and even redirect incoming shots to hit their opponents. It is difficult to estimate the reaction time necessary to accomplish these feats, but according to the analysis on this page, blaster shots travel around 78 mph, which is why even non-Jedis are often able to dodge them. 78 mph is a reasonable speed for a major league curveball, which gives us a good frame of reference. A reasonably skilled professional baseball player would have a chance of hitting a curveball, but it is not a certainty, and no normal human could hit a curveball into a human sized target while simultaneously dodging 10 or so other curveballs. Let's estimate that in order to regularly be able to pull off those kinds of stunts, a Jedi would need to be able to react around 20 times faster than a normal human. (This clearly involves a bit of hand waving, but say 10x for the number of incoming shots involved, with an additional 2x for the difficulty of deflecting the shot back into a foe.) Of course, Luke is not a full Jedi – so let's say that the Force only makes him 10x faster/more aware of his surroundings than an average human.A 10x reaction speed translates directly into a 10x likelihood of firing his shot at the right time, which raises P_h to around 31.2%. Let's say it also reduces his chance of being hit on the surface run by 10x, so instead of a 90% chance of failure, he has a 9% chance, or in other words, a 91% chance of success. The trench run is a little trickier, because there is so much less room to maneuver, so let's say his chance of failure is only cut by 5x, from around 95% to around 19%, giving him an 81% chance of success (ignoring the Captain Solo effect). Putting this all together, with the influence of the Force, Luke has around a 22.7% chance of success, around 1350x what his chances are without the Force. Not bad for a hokey religion!
And the winner of this week's puzzle and the $50 ThinkGeek gift certificate is, of course, Andy. Congratulations! Don't forget to tune in Monday for another installment of POTW!


text: Nano-crystalline titania coatings were prepared by microarc oxidation (MAO) on titanium alloy (TC4) substrates in Na2CO3-KF electrolytic solution. The coating thickness was measured by an optical microscopy with a CCD camera. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were employed to characterize the microstructure and phase composition of coatings. The results show that the coatings are porous nano-crystalline structures mainly composed of anatase and rutile (TiO2). With the increase of anode voltage, both the relative contents of rutile and the sizes of micropores increase gradually, whereas the sizes of the nano-crystalline decrease first and then increase. The prepared samples were employed to study the photo degradation characteristics of Rhodamine B. The results show that the photodegradation performance of the samples prepared under 220V is the best.


How It Works?
The PYTHON Works With Just
3 Simple Steps
Python Pontoon Fender Hanger
 1. Pull up on the blue safety lever. The lever can rest as shown to keep the gripping cam open.
PYTHON Pontoon Fender Hanger
2. Insert the rope and position as desired.
PYTHON Pontoon Fender Hanger
3. Flip the blue safety lever back down to allow the cam to grip the rope.
To shorten the rope distance, simply pull on the rope. The rope will stay secure and lock back into place. To extend the distance or release the rope, pull on the rope to remove tension and then rotate the cam to release the rope.
Ropes under tension can hold dangerous amounts of energy and may cause injury or property damage. Use caution and remove rope tension before releasing the rope.


text:
A drug delivery ion pump constructed from organic electronic components also works in plants. Researchers from the Laboratory of Organic Electronics at Linköping University and from the Umeå Plant Science Centre have used such an ion pump to control the root growth of a small flowering plant, the thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana).
In the spring of 2015, researchers from the Laboratory of Organic Electronics at Linköping University presented a microfabricated ion pump with the ability to pump in the correct dose of a naturally occurring pain-relief agent exactly where it was needed. This was a first step towards effective treatment of such conditions as chronic pain. In the autumn of the same year, the researchers presented results showing how they had caused roses to absorb a water-soluble conducting polymer, enabling them to create a fully operational transistor in the rose stem. The term "flower power" suddenly took on a whole new meaning.
"Around 10 years ago, we started considering applying our ion pump drug delivery devices to plants. It wasn't until several years later that we teamed up with Professor Markus Grebe and colleagues at the Umeå Plant Science Centre and finally discovered that the ion pump could be of great use to plant biologists, says Daniel Simon, Associate Professor and head of the organic bioelectronics research area in the Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Linköping University.
Assistant Professor David Poxson, Laboratory of Organic Electronics, teamed up with the group's chief chemist, Assistant Professor Roger Gabrielsson, to develop new ion pump materials capable of transporting and delivering powerful plant signalling compounds such as the hormone auxin.
Dr. Poxson then worked closely with biologists at the Umeå Plant Science Centre to investigate highly-resolved delivery of auxin to the roots of living thale cress, Arabidopsis thaliana. This plant is to plant biologists what the fruit fly Drosophila is to researchers working in animal research: a major model organism.
The result: Electronically-controlled gradients of plant hormone were taken up by the roots. Dr. Poxson and co-author Dr. Michal Karady followed the internal auxin response with the help of fluorescent reporter proteins that change their fluorescence intensity in the presence of auxin. They observed that the internal auxin response and even the roots' growth rate could be controlled by the ion pump delivery of auxin.


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Q: How do I change the radio station in a 2012 Ford F-150?
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A: Playing music while driving is a big part o...
Playing music while driving is a big part of the driving experience and your truck is equipped with a radio that allows to you play various kinds of music through different stations. To change the Radio Station.
 1. Use the arrow keys on the radio to change stations up and down.
 2. Press and hold either arrow key down to scroll faster.
 3. Turn the Tune knob left or right to go up or down by increments.
 4. Press the arrows on the Seek button to quickly travel between stations with a strong signal.
 5. Press Direct to manually enter the radio station you desire (if your vehicle is equipped with this option.
 6. Press the AM/FM button to change frequencies.
 7. Press the numbers 1-6 on the preset stations bar to travel directly to that station.
 8. Press and hold any number on the preset stations bar to set that station as a preset, even on the satellite radio.
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Physical Adjustments in Yoga Class
Some of us have been in a yoga class and received physical adjustment and felt good. Some of us have been in the same situation and it felt bad. It seems like the same adjustment can bring different results. Why does the touch feel different? Is there different kind of touch?
Photo by Mark Stephens
Before going into the various types of touch, let's remember that the purpose of any adjustment, is to bring students into awareness of their own alignment, to come into the pose that suits their body, not into a "perfect posture". The moment that physical adjustment is conducted, the teacher's energy comes together with the student's energy. This is an intimate moment, so make sure you agree for it.
It is important to express your feeling during the class. A yoga class is a safe space where your needs are respected. Please say it to your teacher if you don't want to receive adjustments. Saying no to physical adjustment does not mean that you are a worse student or that you don't go deeper into your poses.
In the context of an asana class, the touch can be divided in nine different categories:
1. Investigative Touch
This is a touch to check your muscle activation. For example a pat on your quadriceps to make sure you engage it during Tadasana (Mountain Pose).
2. Directive Touch
This touch guides the particular part of a body to move to a direction. For example is guiding the shoulders to be open, and to open the chest during Bhujangasana (Cobra Pose)
3. Adjusting Touch
This is a touch that is firm and a complete contact to student's body to to adjust the pose. For example, rotating student's upper arm externally in Extended Side Angle
4. Alerting Touch
This touch is to alert student of a particular part of their body. For example touching the fingers in High Mountain to engage the finger tips.
5. Loving Touch
This is for example a pat on the back, which is supportive to give encouragement to student after a challenge.
6. Stabilizing Touch
This touch aims to stabilize student's body in poses that need balance. For example a firm hand on top of the upper hip in Three Legged Dog. This touch would need to use the whole hand and typically is a firm touch.
7. Invasive Touch
This is improper and unethical touch that purposely touch sexual part of the body, or other sensitive parts such the groins, belly, buttocks, throat, or face.
8. Random Touch
This is a random touch to random part of the body with no intention of adjusting. This touch is unnecessary and can create confusion.
9. Sensual Touch
This is a touch that meant to be sensual with no intention to improve the posture. Very improper, unnecessary and inappropriate.
We are all different creatures. Some of us have no problems in touching and being touched, and some of us really feel discomfort in being touched or to touch. Make sure you communicate your feelings in your yoga class, and you can get more benefits of the class, feeling safe and secured.
Shades of Yoga Yoga Teacher Training School
Shades of Yoga is a RYT 200 and 300 internationally recognised (Yoga Alliance) yoga teacher training company running year-round yoga teacher training courses in Bali and Costa Rica.


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Suppose $f$ is a $C^\infty$ function from the reals to the reals that is never negative. Does it have a $C^\infty$ square root? Clearly the only problem points are those at which $f$ vanishes.
share|improve this question
A natural extension of the question is whether every non-negative smooth function is the sum of finitely many squares of smooth functions. The standard anwser from the literature seems to be "there is an unpublished counterexample by S.Cohen and D.Epstein". Does anybody know what this counterexample look like? – Guillaume Aubrun Aug 27 '12 at 15:11
2 Answers 2
up vote 31 down vote accepted
The answer is "no". This is covered in great detail here:
share|improve this answer
There is a famous open problem, whose solution is attributed to Paul Cohen, but no published paper seems to be available: there exists $f\in C^\infty(\mathbb R,\mathbb R_+)$ such that $f$ is not a finite sum of squares of smooth functions. That could be a relevant question for MO. – Bazin Aug 31 '12 at 20:18
The function $$f(x) = \begin{cases} \sin^2 \left(\frac{1}{x} \right) e^{-1/x} + e^{-2/x} & \text{if $x > 0$,}\\ 0 & \text{if $x \leq 0$,} \end{cases}$$ is $C^\infty$ but has no $C^2$ square root. I found this example in the paper Choosing roots of polynomials smoothly by Alekseevsky, Kriegl, Losik, and Michor (available freely here). This example appears to have come from Frank Warner's (unpublished) 1963 dissertation.
share|improve this answer
Yes, and functions of this type are discussed in section 2 of the reference I gave in my answer. – Dick Palais Aug 25 '12 at 4:17
Both answers were helpful. It appears that the answer is yes if you add the additional assumption that $f^3$ has a square root. Of course, a square root of $f$ is a square root of $f^3$ divided by $f$, but while you can easily show such a function is continuous, it is not so easy to show it $C^\infty$. But thanks to both of you. I wish I could check both. – Michael Barr Aug 25 '12 at 11:15
See also the follow-up mat.univie.ac.at/~michor/roots2.pdf – Andres Caicedo May 20 '13 at 3:47
Your Answer


How to get all your fruits and vegetables for $2.25 a day
Getting all your fruits and vegetables in doesn't have to break the bank...if you choose wisely.
When the USDA revised their recommendations for a healthy diet, they also calculated the average cost per serving for fruits and vegetables (they looked at fresh, frozen and canned) and found that, on average, they cost 50 cents per one-cup serving. For an adult eating 2,000 calories per day, the USDA recommends eating 4½ cups per day (2½ cups vegetables and 2 cups of fruit), which would cost roughly $2.25/day.
Depending on the fruits and vegetables you choose, that number can be much higher…in some cases (as below) it's lower. Here's an example of how you can add in 4 1/2 cups of fruits and vegetables across 3 meals and a snack, to whatever else you eat throughout the day:
—Kerri-Ann Jennings, M.S., R.D.
Next: Breakfast »
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text:
AquaBility Course Manual - Canadian Orders - Includes HST & Shipping
AquaBility training is designed to enhance instructor empathy, build communication skills, and expand ability to adapt and progress movement. The course is written for instructors of gentle aqua fitness programs taught in warm water and recreational-temperature pools. Specific aquatic exercise considerations for 9 health conditions are included in this resource. General guidelines for movement adaptations to improve fitness parameters while accommodating a variety of health conditions / movement restrictions are the focus of this course. AquaBility training is not intended prepare instructors to provide aquatic therapy, deliver health advice, or deal with unstable health conditions, acute medical problems, profound physical or cognitive dysfunction.
Cost at checkout includes:
$50 + HST = $56.50 + $18 shipping and handling = $74.75


Witcher Wiki
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the Armorer of the Order
The Armorer of the Order is more the name of the place, than of the individual. The "Σιδεράς του Τάγματος" himself comes from a long line of armorers. He and the "Order Merchant" run the establishment which can be found just opposite the steps leading to the slums of Βίζιμα's Συνοικία του Ναού, on Roper Street. Their main competition is Malcolm Stein.
They will politely tell anyone that they only deal with friends of the Order. Here is how you can tell if they will deal with you.
Έμπορος του Τάγματος[]
the Order merchant
The merchant sticks to mainly:
Σιδεράς του Τάγματος[]
the Σιδεράς του Τάγματος
The armorer, on the other hand, buys an amazing variety of goods:
And in a pinch, with some instructions and a healthy donation (70 oren(s) ) to the Order, the armorer can make a lightning rod.
Συνδεδεμένες αποστολές[]


Joseline - Meaning of Joseline, What does Joseline mean?
home > girl names > joseline
Joseline - Meaning of Joseline
What does Joseline mean?
Meaning of the name Joseline
[ 4 syll. jo-se-li-ne, jos-el-ine ] The baby girl name Joseline is pronounced as JHow-SEH-LiyiyN, JHow-SEH-Liy-Nehor ZJHow-SEH-LiyiyN †. Joseline is used mostly in German and its language of origin is Old French. Joseline is a derivative of the English and German name Jocelyn.
Joseline is rare as a baby girl name. At the peak of its usage in 2007, 0.013% of baby girls were named Joseline. It was #968 in rank then. The baby name has markedly dropped in popularity since then, and is currently used on a very modest scale. Out of the family of girl names directly related to Joseline, Jocelyn was the most commonly used in 2012.
Baby names that sound like Joseline include Jacalynn, Jackalynn (English), Jocelyne (English), Jolena (English), Josalynn (English), Julie Anna, Julie-Anna, Julieanna (English), Giliana, Giuliana (Italian), Giulianna, Jacalin, Jacaline (English), Jacalyn (English), Jacelyn (English), Jackalene (English), Jackalin (English), Jackaline, Jackalinne, and Jackalyn (English).
† English pronunciation for Joseline: JH as in "joy (JH.OY)" ; OW as in "oak (OW.K)" ; S as in "see (S.IY)" ; EH as in "ebb (EH.B)" ; L as in "lay (L.EY)" ; IY as in "eat (IY.T)" ; N as in "knee (N.IY)"
Joseline Baby Name Explorer
Meaning of Joseline Meaning of Jocelyn
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Joseline - Meaning of Joseline, What does Joseline mean?


What is Squonking?
Squonking is a term used to describe a bottom fed atomiser. The term comes from the noise a bottle makes when you squeeze it (squonk). The squonker was made as vapers got tired of re dripping into an RDA. Mods were designed with a bottle inside that you can fill with e-liquid. A "squonk" pin with a whole through the middle is then installed into the atomiser to allow liquid to rise from below when you squeeze the bottle This fills the chamber with eliquid and wets the wicks. The act of letting go of the bottle draws the excess from the chamber.


While disassembling my printer, I found that the X-axis rods were able to be slide back and forth within their mounting bracket. This seems like it could lead to this axis shifting from vibration alone.
But, it might not matter, I think, because the extruder carriage is tensioned by a belt and it simply uses the rails as a guide to slide across. Even if the rods were to move, it wouldn't take the carriage along with it.
Will the X-axis rods sliding in their mounting bracket have an affect in print quality?
Here is a video:
If the x-axis rods only move in the x axis then there's no problem, but if they aren't firmly secured in the other axes then there could be issues. If they're able to move then presumably they aren't secured that well. Given the relatively small forces involved in 3D printing though, you may well be fine.
Your Answer


Skip to definition.
Adjective: morphologic
 1. Relating to or concerned with the morphology of plants and animals
 "morphologic differences";
 - morphological, structural
 2. Relating to or concerned with the formation of admissible words in a language
 - morphological
 3. (geology) pertaining to geological structure
 "morphologic features of the Black Hills";
 - geomorphologic, geomorphological, morphological, structural, geomorphic
Encyclopedia: Morphologic


text:
A new resolution on energy-efficiency regulation of ships was adopted at the 65th session of the Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) of the International Maritime Organization (IMO),...
The charted position of a wreck buoy will usually be offset from the actual geographic position so that the wreck and buoy symbols do not coincide. Only on the largest scale chart will the actual and charted positions of both wreck and buoy be the same. Where they might overlap, it is the wreck symbol which occupies the exact charted position and the buoy symbol which is offset.
Wreck buoys are required to be placed by the owner of the wreck, but they may be placed by the Coast Guard if the owner is unable to comply with this requirement. In general, privately placed aids are not as reliable as Coast Guard aids.
Sunken wrecks are sometimes moved away from their buoys by storms, currents, freshets, or other causes. Just as shoals may shift away from the buoys placed to mark them, wrecks may shift away from wreck buoys.


Example sentences for: detritus-based
How can you use "detritus-based" in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
 - Growth and survival may thus be affected by habitat size, which varies greatly among small aquatic habitats [ 23 24 31 36 ]. There is a positive relationship between size, or volume, of the habitat and species richness, and between volume and growth responses of individual species [ 16 23 24 25 31 37 ]. Levels of water and resources may be important cues to ovipositing females, with resulting impacts on individuals and communities [ 9 16 38 39 ]. Oviposition site selection is an important variable affecting survival and development of non-dispersing larvae, and large volumes may be preferred by females laying eggs in aquatic environments due to increased stability and decreased risk of drought [ 29 39 ]. However, allochthonous plant material from surrounding terrestrial areas is the major input of energy resources to many freshwater detritus-based food webs, and resource quantity in these habitats is highly heterogeneous and dependent on location of the habitat relative to resource inputs [ 14 40 ]. Clearly, the choice of habitat by ovipositing C pipiens females will have growth and survival consequences for offspring.
 - The interaction we found between habitat size and food abundance is consequential for ecology of the organisms within, and there may be a complex relationship between habitat size, habitat drying (which changes volume when it occurs), and resources [ 30 32 ]. For instance, leaf litter resources are often limiting to organisms in aquatic detritus-based communities [ 11 15 22 32 33 ]. Resources in the form of leaf litter are consumed by microbes, which are then consumed by mosquito larvae, along with small particulate organic matter [ 22 ]. When litter abundance is high, microbial growth is also high (CJ Paradise, personal observation), due to both high levels of resources and substrate for microbes to grow on.
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text:
Effects of Conventional and Virtual Reality Cardiovascular Rehabilitation in Body Composition and Functional Capacity of Patients with Heart Diseases: Randomized Clinical Trial
João Pedro Lucas Neves Silva
Luiz Felipe Marques Novaes
Lorrany Caroline Rocha dos Santos
Bianca Pinhal Galindo
Margaret Assad Cavalcante
Bruna Corral Garcia de Araújo
Francis Lopes Pacagnelli
Ana Paula Coelho Figueira Freire
Background: Virtual reality is an alternative therapeutic resource to be inserted into cardiovascular rehabilitation, stimulating the practice of physical activity through man-machine interaction.
Objective: To compare the effects of conventional and virtual reality cardiac rehabilitation on body composition and functional capacity in patients with heart disease.
Methods: Randomized clinical trial with 27 cardiac patients divided into conventional rehabilitation group (CRG) and virtual reality rehabilitation group (VRG). They underwent a rehabilitation program with 60-minute training sessions twice a week for eight weeks. The VRG training consisted of exercises from the Xbox 360® with Kinect™, using YourShape™ and Dance Central 3™ games. The CRG used conventional treadmills for aerobic exercise and free weights for resistance exercise. Bioimpedance and 6-minute walk test (6MWT) were evaluated at baseline and after training. For main outcome analysis, Student t and Mann Whitney tests were used with a 5% significance level.
Results: The VRG showed a significant increase in body fat percentage and fat weight when compared to the CRG, and a smaller amount of total water. There was a significant improvement in functional capacity evidenced by the increase in the distance covered in the 6MWT (54.00 m and 32.25 m in the CRG and VRG, respectively), but the gains did not differ between the groups.
Conclusion: The two rehabilitation modalities had no effect on the body composition of the groups. In addition, the improvement in functional capacity was similar in both groups. (Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2018;31(6)619-629)
Keywords: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiac Rehabilitation; Physical Therapy Modalities; Body Composition; Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy.


brownish/red spot on a dwarf albera spruce
Hi, I live in Michigan and after the snow melted our Dwarf Alberta Spruce had a brownish/red spot on the front of it. What is this caused from? There is new growth starting but I would like know what, if anything I can do differently in the future to protect it. Thank you!!
Submitted by BHGPhotoContest
This sounds like winter burn on your Dwarf Alberta spruce. I suspect that it's on the south or southwest side of the tree. During winter when the ground is frozen, the tree can't readily pull moisture out of the ground. Yet, on warm days it is transpiring and losing water. So essentially the plant is under mid-winter drought stress. It helps to make certain the soil is saturated going into winter. And if the tree is exposed, you may need to put up a temporary shade barrier of burlap or similar material to keep the browning from recurring.
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punto a groppo
punto a groppo, (Italian: "knotted lace"), ancestor of bobbin lace. It was worked in 16th-century Italy by knotting, twisting, and tying fringes, all without weights, or bobbins. Patterns were geometric, sometimes interspersed with schematic human figures. It is thought that bobbin, or pillow, lace developed when the threads came to be attached with lead weights and the design anchored on a pad, or pillow. Macramé work is a modern form of punto a groppo.


The EFPR Group of Companies
Donor-Advised Funds: Save on Taxes and Make a Difference
For individuals who seek to save on their taxes while still being charitable and making a difference in their communities, donor-advised funds (DAFs) are a strong possibility to consider.
Understanding donor-advised funds
Simply put, a DAF is a charitable investment account. DAF accounts can be funded with liquid and/or illiquid assets such as cash, publicly traded securities, patents/royalties, C-corp stock or even artwork and life insurance policies. Once made, the donor contribution is irrevocable. In other words, the donor is no longer the legal title holder of the assets transferred into the account.
 - What are some notable advantages of donor-advised funds?
 - The donor receives an immediate charitable contribution deduction for the fair market value of the assets transferred into the account, the deductibility of which depends on the nature of the assets transferred and the taxpayer's specific tax situation.
 - The donor can grow their account by making additional contributions, and they can choose from a variety of investment options, including alternative investments, to grow their donation tax-free.
 - When a DAF is funded with appreciated illiquid assets, such as stock market securities, the account administrator is responsible for cashing out enough of the assets to fund the donor's charitable giving directives. Since the donor is no longer the legal title holder of the assets, the gain on the sale of the assets is not taxable to the taxpayer, allowing the charitable giving to go farther.
 - The donor retains the ability to recommend donations to IRS-approved 501(c)(3) organizations. They also control the frequency and the amounts of the charitable disbursements.
 - The account administrator is responsible for mailing checks to charities, keeping track of charitable giving, account values and earnings, and compiling annual donation reports. This eases the administrative burden on the donor.
 - Unlike private foundations, DAFs do not have reporting/compliance requirements at the account level and do not pay excise taxes on their investment income. Again, this eases the administrative burden.
 - Donors have the ability to create a legacy and extend their philanthropy beyond their lifetime by naming successors and beneficiaries to their account.
 - DAFs typically incur administrative/management fees in the vicinity of one percent of the fair market value of the assets held in the account.
To summarize, if you're looking to apply your assets toward charitable causes you hold dear, and do so in ways that are advantageous from a tax standpoint, DAFs are a tactic you should consider.
Do you have questions about donor-advised funds, or other tax strategies? Contact us today!
For more information call


text:
The height of a hill (in feet) is given by, where is the distance north, is the distance east of South Hadley.
(a) Where is the top of the hill located.
So. Then what? Set it equal to?
(b) How high is this hill?
This is the magnitude of?
(c) How steep is the slope (in feet per mile) at a point mile north and one mile east of South Hadley? In what direction is the slope steepest at that point?
Plug in value in gradient and find magnitude?


text:
The scaling approach taken by the DC CAS is, to my mind, pretty unconventional, because the scaled scores do not overlap across grades. In grade four, the minimum possible scaled score is 400, and the maximum possible scaled score is 499. In grade five, however, the minimum possible scaled score is 500, and the maximum possible scaled score is 599. (The same approach is used in grades six through eight.)
This means that a fourth-grade student who got every question on the fourth-grade math assessment correct would receive a lower scaled score than a fifth-grade student who got every question wrong on the fifth-grade assessment.
That sounds ridiculous, but it's not problematic if the scale for fourth-grade performance is acknowledged to be different from the scale for fifth-grade performance. The design of the DC CAS allows for comparing performance in fourth grade in one year with fourth-grade performance in the next year; but it doesn't permit measuring how much students have gained from one grade to the next. Measuring growth from one grade to the next requires a test that is vertically equated.