How Many Hours Do Architects Work?
Architects work for 40 hours a week and sometimes on the weekend to meet specific deadlines. If you are self-employed, the number of hours depends on how much work you have. Your work hours are also flexible as self-employed.
Architects are licensed professionals who design buildings and ensure the safety standards are met. They aim to provide a cost-effective solution and ensure the client sees the vision before starting the project. However, it requires time to complete the project, and thus, architectures have to be there in the different phases of the building's construction process.
Employed Architects Vs. Self-Employed Architects
An employed architect is spending 8 hours per day. The salary of an employee varies from state to state. On the other hand, a self-employed architect can decide to work on a project basis. If an architect has to meet a deadline, they will work extra hours to accomplish the results. Some architects can go to the extent of working for 50 hours. If you are working as a freelancer, then you have flexible work hours.
If you are an employed architect, you get a salary with benefits. When working hourly for a company, check out the benefits you get. If you are self-employed, you can opt to be paid by the project length.
Interesting Facts About Architects
According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median pay of architects was $39.58 per hour in 2020. The entry-level education for an architect is Bachelor's degree. An architect spends most of the time in the office and visits the construction sites to review the progress of the client's projects.
An architect needs to pass the architect registration examination and has to get experience through a paid internship. It's essential to earn a bachelor's degree in architecture. Depending on the complexity of the project, it's even possible to travel for work. Your firm might operate internationally, and thus, your physical presence might be a must to oversee the projects.
An architect is spending 40 hours to complete the projects. Sometimes they work for additional hours to meet deadlines. If an architect is self-employed, they have flexible work hours.
What Hours do Architects Work? Hours: Full-time workers work approximately 45 hours per week (compared to an average of 44 hours).
What is the average time an architect works in a single day?
This works out to approximately 5 hours per week, or 1 hour more per day. This doesn't seem to support the myth that architects work in their spare time like crazy.
What is the average work week for architects?
Sometimes, travel is required to monitor the progress of a project. About 1 in 5 architects work more than 50 hours per week. It is essential to work overtime and on weekends in order to meet deadlines.
Are architects able to work flexible hours?
Most architects work full-time. Many work overtime, especially when there are deadlines. The work schedules of self-employed architects might be more flexible.
Similar Questions: How many hours do architects work?
Do architects have days off?
Vacation and Leave
PayScale found that new architects had an average of 1.3 weeks vacation. The average vacation time earned by those with one to four years experience was 1.9 weeks, while those with fiveto nine years experience were able to get 2.3 week vacation.
Do architects travel a lot?
Although each case is unique, the question about how much architects travel must also be addressed individually. However, most architects will not spend more than six month per year on their trips. Most architects travel much less than this, so it would be considered the upper limit.
Is it possible for architects to have lots of free time?
What is the best way to find time for architects? Quora. The short answer to this question is no. However, it all depends on your perspective. Architecture is for many an occupation, rather than a career.
Architecture is a career that's rewarding?
Architecture is a respected profession that offers the possibility to own your own business. It's a great career option for creative people. While architecture sounds artistic, it requires many other skills such as math and physics. You will also need strong social skills to succeed in this field.
Are architects rich?
Technically speaking, architects are "rich" in the US. A principal, partner, or manager at the top of the hierarchy generally earns more than 95-98% of the U.S. This is also how engineers and tech workers believe they are wealthy.
Are architects satisfied?
Happiness is about average for architects. CareerExplorer conducts an ongoing survey with millions of people to find out how satisfied they feel about their jobs. It turns out that architects rank their career happiness at 3.1 out 5 stars, which places them in the bottom 41%.
It is hard to be an architect.
A degree in architecture can be extremely rewarding. But it is also among the most challenging – with long hours, a huge workload and focus on detail – so it's vital to understand what you're letting yourself in for.
Are architects ready to retire?
Architects have similar views on retirement, succession and growth within their companies. Although they are expecting to receive retirement accounts, pensions, Social Security and investment dividends, it is possible that they will have to work at minimum part-time.
Are architects always busy?
Architects are busy, a new survey has found, and demand for kitchen and bath projects is "extremely strong." The American Institute of Architects reports that its members have plenty of new design work coming into their firms, and the average backlog for projects has surpassed five months.
Who should architects marry
Designers are like architects in that they tend to marry each other. Male managers and lawyers marry female designers more often than male ones. Male designers marry female secretaries and teachers.
How long does it take for an architect to learn?
The Bachelor of Architectural Studies (BAS), a full-time, three-year program, is designed to open doors to many different career options, whether you are in the architectural discipline or not.
Why is it that architects are paid so little?
Given the amount of work they do and the responsibilities that they have, we see that architects often make very little. In a highly competitive market, this means that you will be working long hours, under stress, with tight deadlines, dealing with demanding clients, and having to work weekends. All of this for a modest compensation.
How much can an architect earn in 2020?
The 2020 hourly average full-time wage rate for professionals in applied and natural sciences, including architects, is $43.86. This employment group earns an average of $85,000 annually, with a median weekly wage rate of $1,634.
Is architecture a stressful job?
From the first lecture we attend to the peak of our careers as architects, there are many stressful events. Our job is intense and very demanding. We must meet deadlines and plan and create the dreams of our clients.
It is smart to be an architect.
They need to possess many qualities. All building disciplines must be understood by architects, including mechanical, electrical, and structural. Smarts is required. While being smart doesn't make you a great architect, it can give you a strong foundation.
Are architects respected?
6. Respected career. It is not easy to become an architect. But it is worth the effort. Architecture is a respected profession that plays a vital role in modern society.
Are you a bad choice for architecture?
It is a drain on your money. In a cost-benefit analysis, architecture is not as competitive as other professions. The entry-level salary for architects is very low, even after college. Long hours are necessary. Many architects do not start making decent money until they are licensed and more experienced.
Do architects have to be skilled at drawing?
Do you mean "do I have to be good in drawing to get into architecture school?" then no. You will be able to demonstrate talent and technical skills, but creativity is essential.
Who is the wealthiest architect?
Norman Foster – $240 million
Norman Foster is the most wealthy architect of all times. Norman Foster net worth of $240 million (£170 million) is mainly from his high-budget projects in Europe and the US.
Can architects make millions of dollars?
Many architects work for years, then go on to an internship. They earn much less. But what we do is equally important as architects. Recent surveys have shown that the average US salary for a sole proprietor is $70,000. It is possible to make a substantial income as an architect, according to recent surveys.
Is being an architect fun?
It's a lot of fun to go to architecture school! It's great to travel, meet interesting architects around the globe, have fun with your friends, challenge yourself and work hard. It was so much fun that some people (including myself) didn't want architecture school to end.


text:
Text description provided by the architects. St. Joseph is a concrete form to be made habitable independent of the building site. The concrete shell is placed at the edge of the remainder of a plain along the Danube floodplains. Its basic measurements are 615 cm by 620 cm by 2230 cm. The concrete form is set on 4 supports – one one-legged element, two two-legged elements and one three-legged element. Its distance from the ground ranges from 120 cm to 210 cm.
A second form, soft, white and independent of the outer shell, is set within the concrete shell. The white form opens up and programs – makes habitable, if you wish – the concrete shell's inner area, which is 2165 cm long and approx. 515 cm high. These are two interleaved forms, each with a different hardness and materiality.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


What is Vocation? (Part 2)
What is Vocation? (Part I)
Vocation story of Sr. Manaoag (SSVM)
Vocation story of Sr. Maria Filia Docilis (SSVM)
The religious habit is a sign of a religious' consecration and poverty. The one who wears it makes evident the eschatological end of religious life. (c.f. Const. 154)
Consecrated Life Series
investiture 2017


text:
Estimating Irrigation Water Quantity and Qualityby Otto J. Helweg, (M.ASCE), Assoc. Prof.; Dept. of Civ. Engrg., Univ. of California, Davis, Calif.,
Desi Alvarez, (A.M.ASCE), Engr.; Tetra Tech, Pasadena, Calif.,
Serial Information: Journal of the Irrigation and Drainage Division, 1980, Vol. 106, Issue 3, Pg. 175-188
Document Type: Journal Paper
Abstract: The value of water quantity and quality is shown by its demand curve (surface). But because the market for water is imperfect, the demand surface must be derived by other means. This paper shows a theoretical process for determining the derived demand surface for both water quantity and quality, using data for citrus crops in California. The results show that for the relevant price range, the demand for water quantity is relatively inelastic, indicating that pricing is not an attractive mechanism for controlling water distribution; however, the demand for water quality is relatively elastic which makes pricing a possible means for managing water quality. The results also support the claim that the value of water is considerably more than most irrigators pay for it.
Subject Headings: Water quality | Water demand | Irrigation water | Pricing | Data processing | Quality control | Curvature | Surface water | North America | California | United States
Services: Buy this book/Buy this article
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Say I have a sample of some alkali metal - Rubidium for example. A sample of Rubidium consists of approximately 27% $^{87}$Rb and 73% $^{85}$Rb. Does the vapor pressure of each isotope individual necessarily have to be in the same proportion? More specifically, assuming I have enough Rubidium around that I have enough atoms of each isotope to reach the saturated vapor pressure, is there any physical reason why the ratio of the vapor pressures would match their relative abundances?
I guess this is coming from this perspective - the linear absorption spectrum for a sample of natural rubidium at a specific fine transition (D2 line - 5S1/2 ->5P3/2 if you are interested) looks like image below, the $^{87}$Rb peaks (outer) are clearly smaller than the $^{85}$Rb peaks (inner), and this amplitude ratio is directly related to their natural abundances. If the atoms are in a gas, what forces their vapor pressure to have the same ratio as their relative abundance?
enter image description here
Along a similar line of questioning. A sample of Rb will naturally have some trace amount of Cs in it. The saturated number density of Cs at room temperature is ~$10^9$ atoms per cm$^3$, and I'm looking at a volume of say 1cm$^3$. If I have a droplet of 1 gram of Rb in the volume, which is.001 moles, even at.001% impurity I have $>10^{17}$ atoms of cesium in the sample, clearly enough to reach saturated density. -Does this imply that you can do spectroscopy on a volume with Rb and obtain the same spectrum as a volume with a droplet of Cs in it? If not, what prevents the Cs impurity in Rb to reach full saturation.
*Note: Perhaps I should make it clear : The linear absorption spectrum is proportional to the theoretical absorption (for a single atom) times the number density of atoms in the sample. The relative amplitudes of the peaks are therefore a proportional to the relative abundances of the two isotopes.
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2 Answers 2
From the logic side - if there were much difference in wapor pressure between isotopes, isotope separation would be much easier process than we see now. Surely there is a difference, but not something you can see on spectrum.
Can't comment on Cs saturation though.
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I posed this question to some coworkers outside of physics.se here is the first order answer that satisfied me.
Evaporation is effectively a statistical process that is determined by the probability of a certain atom from escaping its liquid bonds and becoming free. The process does not care about what atom evaporates (in the approximation that the two isotopes have the same mass and binding energy - which is reasonable), it effectively becomes a probability problem. You have a bag of atoms, some colored blue and some colored red. The probability of picking a red atom out of the bag (having 85Rb escape the liquid and go free) is given by its relative abundance to blue atoms, assuming that there are enough atoms around that the atoms lost to the vapor do not significantly affect the ratio of isotopes in the the liquid, we would expect, statistically, the abundance of isotopes in the vapor would match that of the liquid.
For Cs impurities, the same logic applies, although you have to modify a little bit due to the heavier weight of the Cs atom and potentially a difference in enthalpy of vaporization.
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text: 1. The problem statement, all variables and given/known data Water at the top of Niagara Falls has a temperature of 10.0degrees celsius. If it falls a distance of 50.0m and all of its potential energy goes into heating the water, calculate the temperature of the water at the bottom of the falls. 2. Relevant equations W = change in kinetic energy + change in potential energy 3. The attempt at a solution i know there's potential energy on top and none at the bottom. There's not kinetic energy at the top and there is at the bottom. But how do i put temperature into this equation???


text:
The practice of offering turkey to God was popular in the time of King David, which is why it appears so often in Psalms. It derived from an older practice of offering turkey to one's parents: people thought, Why offer it to our parents? We can offer it to God!, and did so. The older practice of offering one's parents turkey is alluded to in the verse in Genesis (37:3):
וְיִשְׂרָאֵל אָהַב אֶת יוֹסֵף מִכָּל בָּנָיו כִּי בֶן זְקֻנִים הוּא לוֹ וְעָשָׂה לוֹ כְּתֹנֶת פַּסִּים
En hamikra omer ela "Darsheni!". This verse makes no sense on first read — what does having a beard have to do with a shirt? — and must be read at a deeper level.
"אהב" is clearly an acronym for "אכל הודו בלילות", "ate turkey at night", so the verse reads:
Jacob ate turkey, from all his sons, at night with Joseph. Because his son [=Joseph] was bearded, he made him a shirt of stripes.
The "shirt of stripes" that Jacob made for Joseph was actually a sort of bib to prevent the barbecue sauce from getting in his beard. It had stripes so that stains would not appear as visibly as they would on a bib that was all one color.
Later, after the time of King David, the custom evolved further. People stopped offering turkey wholly to God and started eating parts of it, as with a korban sh'lamim. Eventually, they stopped offering it at all, and just ate it themselves, from which derives the modern practice of eating turkey on Thanksgiving.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
While researching alternatives to demolition I came across a deconstruction program that makes more sense than any other I've seen. Basically, Design for Deconstruction is legos for big people.
The ultimate goal of the Design for Deconstruction (DfD) movement is to responsibly manage end-of-life building materials to minimize consumption of raw materials. By capturing materials removed during building renovation or demolition and finding ways to reuse them in another construction project or recycle them into a new product, the overall environmental impact of end-of-life building materials can be reduced. Architects and engineers can contribute to this movement by designing buildings that facilitate adaptation and renovation. This handbook presents an overview of basic Design for Deconstruction principles, and outlines the implementation of these principles in the design of Chartwell School in Seaside, California.


text:
Stats NZ has published their latest annual income survey. Some interesting stats:
- Average income from wages/salaries up 6% in the last year
- Average income from all sources up 2.2% and median income from all sources up 2.7% which suggests less income inequality
- Median income for those in paid employment is $45,729 and average income is $53,759
- Median income for those with no qualifications is $39,002, $50,005 for a bachelors degree and $67,003 for a post-grad degree
- Age is a major factor in income. 50% of those in the bottom income quintile are aged under 25, while under 25s make up just 2% of the top income quintile. Those arguing that 16 year olds must get paid $18.40 an hour are basically buts.
- The average income for a couple with two dependent children is $97,924 while for a sole parent with dependent children is $37,126
- Government transfers represent 3% of the income of an average couple with two children and 46% of the income an an average sole parent.
- The median salary/wage for a 40 hour week is $45,009 and the average is $54,229
- 1,197,100 people receive a Government transfer, 1,892,100 are in employment, 323,900 are self-employed


Diary of a Wimpy Kid Wiki
The Muddy Hand
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The Muddy Hand is a disembodied hand made covered with mud that appears in one of Rodrick's horror movies entitled "Hello, You're Dead". In it, the Muddy Hand travels the countryside looking
Muddy Hand
for victims to strangle, and the last person who sees it is always the next victim. The film in question frightened Rowley and Greg at the end (where the Muddy Hand strangles its last victim and walks straight at the screen, implying that the viewer will be its next victim.) This made Greg and Rowley become really paranoid that the Muddy Hand was out to get them (despite being a fictional character.) Greg then figures out that since it is just a hand it would take a long time to get to them so they stopped worrying about it. It was only mentioned in Dog Days. In Rodrick Rules, The Foot is used (which is most likely a parody of the Muddy Hand).
In Fregley's version in Dog Days film,in the wilderness awareness he tells a campfirestory about the Muddy Hand. It is about an old woodsman who chops of his own hand by mistake while chopping wood in rain,his hand is the Muddy Hand.
The Muddy Hand looks just like an ordinary hand,the only notable difference is that the hand is quite dirty and has black spots that resemble mud, which is the reason why it's called the "Muddy Hand". It's also unknown how he kills its victim, it is most likely it either strangles the victims throat or any other body part.
 - If the Muddy Hand was not in the book, the plot could have been very different, as Greg and/or Rowley, in specific scenes, would not have been scared and would not have taken the plot-defining actions (such as Rowley smashing Greg's hand with a hammer because he thought it was the Muddy Hand.)
 - In the fim, Rodrick Rules the movie was not The Muddy Hand, but it was The Foot.
 - In the film, Dog Days The Muddy Hand was not in a horror movie, but in a campfire story told by Fregley.
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text:
25th arvid wretlind's lecture–silver anniversary, 25 years with ESPEN, the history of nutrition.
Sommaire de l'article
The development of nutrition and the knowledge of metabolism has increased exponentially during the last decades since the start of ESPEN. This article, based on the Arvid Wretlind lecture 2003 in Cannes, describes important historical and modern landmarks in the field. The presentation also highlights the important contributions made by Arvid Wretlind regarding the development of lipid emulsions and amino acid solutions. The last 25 years of nutritional development is very much linked to the modern history of ESPEN. The fruitful balance between research, industry and education is recognised. Publication Types: Historical Article Review


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How to Tighten a Rattling Heat Shield
A car heat shield. Learn when to worry about a rattling heat shield.
For the most part, we associate a quiet car with a healthy car. Loose parts usually mean something is wrong, and could affect the reliability and safety of your vehicle. While some see a rattling heat shield as a mere annoyance, others may find it embarrassing. In some cases, a loose heat shield could be a major problem.
Because the primary purpose of the exhaust system is to route superheated gases away from the engine, everything around the exhaust manifolds, catalytic converter, exhaust pipes and muffler gets hot. Catalytic converters are particularly hot — they only begin functioning between 400 and 600 degrees Fahrenheit, and normally range between 1,200 and 1,600 degrees Fahrenheit. The rest of the exhaust system typically measures 300 to 500 degrees Fahrenheit.
Exhaust Heat Shields — What Are They Rattling For?
These heat shields were mounted to the body over the exhaust.Many car parts cannot manage such heat. Plastic and rubber parts can melt or become brittle, electric motors and sensors can fail, and dry grass or paper can spontaneously combust. Made of thin metal sheets, heat shields deflect much of the extreme heat, some affixed to the exhaust system and others affixed to parts needing protection.
Exhaust heat shields fail for a couple of reasons: rust and vibration. Fittingly, the parts the heat shields are designed to protect often cause their failure. All metal exposed to the atmosphere corrodes, but heat speeds up the process, so clamps, bolts or welds can rust to nothing, leading to a loose heat shield. Vibrations can weaken the metal, causing a heat shield to fall off, rattling against the exhaust or some other part of the vehicle.
How to Fix a Rattling Heat Shield
Some don't see much use for a rattling heat shield, so they simply remove them and discard them, but this can be a problem. Because the heat shields are designed to protect other car parts from the extreme heat of the exhaust, removing them completely could cause premature failure of other components or even fire. The best way to fix a rattling heat shield is to replace it or reaffix it. Here are a few ways to fix your rattling heat shield:
 - Weld: If you have access to a welder, you may be able to tack the heat shield to the exhaust. Be careful, as both the thin metal heat shield and exhaust pipe may burn through.
 - Bolt: In some cases, you may be able to install new nuts and bolts to reaffix a bolt-on heat shield. If the holes are too wide, fender washers can make up for that extra space.
 - Clamp: Stainless steel screw clamps can be used in some situations, such as where a heat shield was welded or clamped to an exhaust pipe.
 - Tie: Another way to fix a loose heat shield is with a stainless steel tie, which won't rust after installation. Link several together for larger components, such as muffler heat shields.
If a loose heat shield has you worried, you may not need new exhaust pipes, but one of these quick fixes can restore your sanity and protect your vehicle from the heat. Of course, if you're going to get under the vehicle, be sure it is securely lifted and supported by jack stands.
Check out all the exhaust parts and accessories available on NAPA Online or trust one of our 17,000 NAPA AutoCare locations for routine maintenance and repairs. For more information on heat shields, chat with a knowledgeable expert at your local NAPA AUTO PARTS store.
Photo courtesy of Flickr.
Benjamin Jerew View All
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text: This spring, GCPS students will participate in the state's Georgia Milestones assessment program. Students in grades 3-8 will take End of Grade (EOG) assessments in English language arts (ELA) and mathematics while students in grades 5 and 8 also are assessed in science and social studies. Gwinnett students in grades 3–8 will participate in the End of Grade assessment between April 17 and April 28. During the testing window, Gwinnett students in grades 3, 4, 6, and 7 will test on four days— two for mathematics and two for ELA— for approximately one hour on any given day. Students in grades 5 and 8 will test for 60 to 90 minutes on six separate days— two for math, two for ELA, one for science, and one for social studies. The window for End of Course (EOC) assessments for designated high school courses is April 26 to May 12. The tested courses are 9th Grade Literature and Composition, 11th Grade American Literature and Composition, Algebra I, Geometry, Biology, Physical Scienc, U.S. History, and Economics. Online, families can find tips for supporting their student at test time and, if needed, ways to help a student manage test anxiety. Online, families can find tips for supporting their student at test time and, if needed, ways to help a student manage test anxiety.


text:
Definitions of give up:
- verb: allow the other (baseball) team to score
Example: "Give up a run"
- verb: give up with the intent of never claiming again
- verb: lose or lose the right to by some error, offense, or crime
- verb: give up what is not strictly needed
- verb: stop maintaining or insisting on; of ideas, claims, etc.
Example: "Both sides have to give up some calims in these negociations"
- verb: give up in the face of defeat of lacking hope; admit defeat
- verb: give up or agree to forego to the power or possession of another
- verb: refrain from consuming
- verb: relinquish possession or control over
- verb: leave (a job, post, post, or position) voluntarily
- verb: put an end to a state or an activity
- verb: part with a possession or right
Search for give up at other dictionaries: OneLook, Answers.com, Merriam-Webster
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text:
PH10 Trigger Force Gauge (gram gauge)
Probe trigger force is critical to ensure accuracy and reliable operation, this can be easily measured and set using the gram gauge.
It is strongly recommended that the gram gauge is used when adjustments are to be made to probe trigger force.
For further information on the trigger force gauge, please refer to the trigger force gauge guide (Renishaw part number H-_PHONE_).
NOTE: To convert mass in grams to trigger force in Newtons the following equation is used:
Trigger force in Newtons = Mass in grams/100
For example: 8 grams = 0.08 N /100


Take the 2-minute tour ×
There is a well known correspondence between line bundles over curves and divisors. For each line bundle, consider a rational section, take poles and zeros and we have a corresponding divisor (up to linear equivalence ). But what if there is no such section? For example, consider a line bundle over $\mathbb{P}^1$ with transition function $e^{1/z}$ with $z \neq 0,\infty$. What is the degree of this line bundle?
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The transition function is holomorphic at $\infty$ so the line bundle is trivial. – Torsten Ekedahl Jul 20 '11 at 6:33
Dear Torsten, your argument is a little incomplete. After all, the non-trivial bundle $\mathcal O(k)$ for $k>0$ has as transition function $1/z^k$, which is holomorphic at $\infty$. The crucial point is that indeed $e^{1/z}$ is holomorphic but also that it has neither zeros nor poles on $\mathbb P^1\setminus 0$. – Georges Elencwajg Jul 20 '11 at 8:59
Dear Georges, yes I forgot to say that it and its inverse are holomorphic at $\infty$. – Torsten Ekedahl Jul 20 '11 at 14:15
2 Answers 2
Here is the way you get a non-vanishing holomorphic section which will trivialize your line bundle.
Denote $U_1=\{[x:y]; x\neq 0 \}$ and $U_2=\{[x:y]; y\neq 0\}$, this is a covering of $\mathbb P^1$. The transition function of the bundle is $g_{12}([x:y])=e^{y/x}$ (you could also take $e^{x/y}$, this wouldn't change the argument), defined on $U_1 \cap U_2$.
Then you may defined the following holomorphic functions: on $U_1$, you put $s_1([x:y]):=e^{y/x}$ and on $U_2$, $s_2([x:y]):=1$. Thus $s_1$ and $s_2$ are non-vanishing holomorphic functions, and on $U_1 \cap U_2$, you have $s_1=g_{12}s_2$ so that they form a section of our line bundle.
EDIT: In particular the degree of the line bundle is 0!
Moreover, on a Riemann surface (or more generally on any smooth projective complex variety), any line bundle admits a meromorphic section, so that the correspondence your are talking about still holds.
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As several people have pointed out, your example has degree $0$. Another way to see this is to observe that given a section, the number of zeros minus poles in both hemispheres is a difference of two winding numbers. This would work out to $(1/2\pi i)\int_\gamma d\log g_{12}$, where $\gamma$ is the equator and $g_{12}$ is the transition function (as in Henri's answer). In fancier terms, this is the first Chern number. In your example, this works out to $0$ (again). For $\mathbb{P}^1$, the degree is the sole invariant.
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text:
My question is about game loop design in opengl.
I believe that game loop can be spited in 3 main steps
- accept input - it may come from users click on the screen or system alert, or anything else.
- do logic
- update view
To make it simple let's just focus on step 2 and 3.
I think that it will be wrong to run them in parallel order or to mix them in to one step. I give you an example.
Lats say you are creating a war game, and you need to draw 100 soldiers fighting on the screen, the logic will be to update their position, to update the background area, and then you need to draw the result. You can't start drawing one soldier before updated the position of another soldier.
So according this simple steps, it is clear that step 2 and 3 need to be synchronized some how, and step 2 must be done before step 3.
Now tell me how it is possible to run game loop on more then one thread, and more then one process? Does opnegl use multiCore? How?
Edit: one way to use multithreading is to precalculate the game logic, or in another words using Vectors. But there are two big disadvantages in vectors that make them almost unrecommend to use.
- Some times you wan't to change your vector, so there were lots of calculation that you did and you are not going to use them
- in most of the cases you are trying to reach 60+ FPS witch mean 16 milliseconds for game-loop, switching threads requires some kind of synchronization, any synchronization is bad for performance, from what I saw, even a simple Handler.post() in android(just adding task to queue to run it on other thread) may take up to 3 milliseconds(18% from your frame rate time), so unless your calculation take longer then that, don't do it! For now I did not found anything taking so much time.


text: As a typical multilinear dimensionality reduction (DR) method, tensor locality preserving projection (TLPP) has been successfully applied in many practical problems. However, TLPP depends mainly on preserving its local neighbor graph which often suffers from the following issues: (1) the neighbor graph is constructed with the Euclidean distance which fails to consider the relationships among different coordinates for tensor data; (2) the affinity matrix only focuses on the local structure information of samples while ignoring the existing label information; (3) the projection matrices are nonorthogonal, thus it is difficult to preserve the local manifold structure. To address these problems, a multilinear DR algorithm called optimal neighbor graph-based orthogonal tensor locality preserving projection (OG-OTLPP) is proposed. In OG-OTLPP, an optimal neighbor graph is first built according to tensor distance. Then the affinity matrix of data is defined by utilizing both the label information and the intrinsic local geometric properties of the data. Finally, in order to improve the manifold preserving ability, an efficient and stable scheme is designed to iteratively learn the orthogonal projections. We evaluate the proposed algorithm by applying it to image recognition. The experimental results on five public image databases demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm.


What Is The Real Definition Of An All-Wheel Sports Car?
The Houghton Mifflin definition of the two-seat rule seems out-of-date. Many sports cars today offer small back seats (sometimes referred to as 2+2 seating) and there is a current movement underway to increase the seating room in models long considered sports cars by most automotive experts.
Insurance companies use their formula in classifying automobiles and often the presence of two doors automatically makes any car a sports car in their eyes. This perspective, of course, is as overly simplistic as the standard dictionary approach to defining a sports car. One can certainly think of any number of two-door vehicles that fall far short of being an actual sports car. Economy cars and even larger two-door vehicles that are not built with power and performance in mind should not qualify as true sports cars.
Some car buffs will refer to high-performance muscle cars and other larger vehicles as sports cars. Others, however, distinguish these vehicles and true sports cars. These individuals will claim that a car can be a sporting car or simply sporty but still fall short of being a true sports car. Thus, regular cars may be outfitted with a sports package and/or accessories to make the car sportier, but may not fit a strict definition of a sports car.
Others will maintain that the distinction between a sports car and any other type of car lies in how the car's suspension and handling are addressed. Technical debates rage over whether various suspension packages qualify as belonging to true sports cars.
Road and Track, a leading automotive publication, summarizes the sports card definition debate with a simple observation: Ask five people the exact definition of a sports car, and you'll likely get five different answers.
There is no clear-cut definition of what is a sports car. The restrictive definitions of the past seem ill-suited to categorize today's diverse automotive offerings and common usage of the term runs contrary to most long-held definitions.
There is, however, a common thought that seems to run through almost all of the outlooks on the meaning of sports cars. If a car is designed with high performance or race-like capabilities in mind, it can probably be safely termed a sports car. Some purists may balk at such a liberal perspective, but alternative definitions fall far short of accurately distinguishing sports cars from regular production models.
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Aven Family History
14-Day Free Trial
Aven Name Meaning
Scandinavian: unexplained. English: variant spelling of Avon. German: patronymic from the Frisian personal name Ave. The surname is frequent in the areas of Oldenburg and Jeverland. Dutch: metonymic occupational name from Middle Dutch haven 'pot'. Americanized form of French Avenne or Avoine, literally 'oats', hence a metonymic occupational name for a grain grower or merchant.
Source: Dictionary of American Family Names ©2013, Oxford University Press
Similar surnames: Avena, Ave, Even, Raven, Avey, Aden, Bien, Aveni, Savin, Laven


Change Management & First Deployment
Updated 1 year ago by Copado Solutions
Copado Change Management setup will let you achieve best practices in your release management process. With this setup you will be able to control your user stories and their metadata changes as they move through your environment landscape until they finally reach the production environment.
Setup Steps
 1. Create a new project and link it to your pipeline.
 2. Create a user story:
 - In the Project field, select your new project.
 - In the Environment field, select the source environment where you will develop the user story. This environment has to be present in your pipeline.
 - In the Org Credential field select the org credential that corresponds to the environment you have previously selected.
 - Click on Save.
 3. Commit files within the user story by clicking on Commit Changes. Select a couple of metadata components for testing purposes.
 4. Edit the user story and check the Ready to Promote checkbox or click on Submit:
 1. Create a promotion:
 - In the Project field select the project you have already created.
 - In the Source Environment field select the environment where you have been developing your user story. The source org credential and the destination environment and org credential will be populated based on the source environment selected.
 - Click on Save.
 - The user story should appear on the Selected User Stories section. Select it and click on Create Deployment.
 - A new deployment will appear in the Deployments related list. Click on it and you will be redirected to the Deployment detail page.
 2. In the Deployment detail page you will notice that there is a source org and a corresponding destination org (as defined in your pipeline).
 - Click on the Git Promotion step. A table will appear with the metadata components that were committed, which will be deployed to the destination org.
 3. Once the deployment is finished, check the following changes:
 - In the destination org you will find that the metadata components were successfully deployed.
 - In the repository branch linked to the destination org, you will see that the user story files were recently merged.
 - If you open the user story, you will notice the environment has changed from the original value to the destination environment. Now, this user story can be tested again in the new org, and whenever it is ready to be promoted to the next environment, just repeat the promotion process.
How did we do?


Distance Bulgaria Islington. Directions, total distances, average speed, travel time, calculate cost and fuel consumption
Road distance Bulgaria Islington
The total distance represents the road distance in km or miles between Bulgaria and Islington. Initially this is displayed in km but you can always change it using the settings (by selecting the distance in miles or the distance in km):
Average speed
The average speed for the route Bulgaria - Islington is calculated by taking into account the speed limit on each road segment as well as their length.
Travel time
The time required for a car to travel the distance between Bulgaria and Islington, taking into account the speed allowed for each road segment.
Time of arrival
The time of arrival in Islington is calculated considering that you are departing immediately from Bulgaria It takes into account the total travel time.
Fuel price
Total consumption
It represents total fuel (in liters or gallons) needed to travel the road distance from Bulgaria to Islington.
Calculate a new route
Addresses containing a street number: - 10 Street Name, Bulgaria
points of interest: - ATM Bulgaria or Hotel Name, Islington
postal codes: - 012345


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The Japanese do not just dream of perfect ski slopes, they are developing the technology to produce them.
Six Japanese companies have carried out 'extensive research' to provide artificial snow for Japan's skiers when nature fails to fill the need (European patents 440 256 and 440 257).
Existing snow machines only work properly at very low ambient temperatures; otherwise they just produce slush. The new trick is to use granules of polymer, such as polyacrylic acid salts, which absorb a large volume of water. The snow makers then mix the bloated polymer with natural snow, if available, or other artificial snow. Finally they freeze the mixture.
Ice bridges form between the polymer granules and snow crystals to make good snow for skiing. The companies have tried colouring the snow with dyes and adding perfume, so that the snow smells nice as well as looking good.
To continue reading this article, subscribe to receive access to all of newscientist.com, including 20 years of archive content.


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Managing inter-object dependencies in object-oriented systems is a complex task. Changes of one object often require dependent objects to change accordingly. Making every object explicitly inform every dependent object about its state changes intertwines object interfaces and implementations, thereby hampering system evolution and maintenance. These problems can be overcome by introducing the notion of Implicit Invocation as a decoupling mechanism between objects to object-oriented systems. This paper presents the Event Notification pattern, a pattern to smoothly integrate implicit invocation mechanisms with object-oriented designs. State changes of objects, dependencies of other objects on them and the maintenance links between these objects are made explicit as first class objects. The resulting structure is highly flexible and can be used to manage inter-object dependencies in object-oriented systems efficiently.
Dirk Riehle. "The Event Notification Pattern--Integrating Implicit Invocation with Object-Orientation." Theory and Practice of Object Systems 2, 1 (1996). Page 43-52.
For the time being, a copy is available as a PDF file.
The C++ sample code from the pattern is available as events.zip. No warranties, use at your own risk.
Copyright (©) 1996 by Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.


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Consider the following guidelines when you define the design.
- The size of the design should be adequate
- The sample size and power should be desirable for a practically important effect size.
- The design should have 2 to 20 components
- To define a mixture experiment in Minitab, you must have at least two components that are continuous. If you do not have at least two components, you don't have a mixture.
- The design can have up to 7 process variables
- Process variables are factors in an experiment that are not part of the mixture but may affect the response. For example, the adhesive properties of a paint may depend on the temperature at which it is applied.
- The run order should be randomized for data collection
- If the worksheet contains a column that contains the run order, you can specify that column when you define the design. Otherwise, you can randomize the design after you define the design with.


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Determining the impact of unexpected disruptions to a complex supply chain
Aw, Waldron Jun Jie
Date of Issue2016-05-26
School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
This final year project deals with simulating disruptions in a multi-echelon supply chain and the objective is to study the propagation of such disruptions and also the factors affecting such disruptions. Different simulation techniques were reviewed and studied before discrete event simulation (DES) was chosen as inventory levels are of interest in this project and inventory levels in a supply chain evolve over time due to discrete events. A FlexSim model was created to study the propagation of disruptions in a supply chain. Verification was done by checking the structure, code and animated flow of the entities. As real life data was not available, validation was carried out based on data provided by SIMTech that was derived using an time based Input-output model (I-O model that had been developed and validated previously by SIMTech). After the FlexSim model had been verified and validated, disruptions were introduced at various locations in the supply chain so that the propagation of disruptions can be studied. Based on the results of the simulation model, critical nodes were identified and the factors leading to these nodes being critical were studied, analyzed and given weights. The analysis showed that trading volume and BOM are important factors that render nodes critical. The results also show that the disruption experienced by the end consumer does not change much when there are additional disruptions downstream of critical nodes. However, the disruption propagated to the end consumer fluctuates differently when there are additional disruptions downstream of critical nodes. These findings allow managers to prioritize nodes when planning and to take mitigating actions to manage the effects of disruptive events.
Final Year Project (FYP)
Nanyang Technological University


Question: What Does The 8 Above The Treble Clef Mean?
What does the 8 under a treble clef mean?
A very small "8" at the bottom of the treble clef symbol means that the notes should sound one octave lower than they are written.
Figure 6: A small "8" at the bottom of a treble clef means that the notes should sound one octave lower than written..
What octave is middle C?
In that system, middle C (the first ledger line above the bass staff or the first ledger line below the treble staff) is C4. An octave higher than middle C is C5, and an octave lower than middle C is C3.
What is the highest note ever sung?
The truth is, coloraturas in a range of genres have been singing A6s, and notes much higher, for a long time. The highest note on record is a G10 sung by Georgia Brown, a Brazilian dance/electric singer.
What does 8va Bassa mean?
An Italian term meaning at the octave (below). Abbreviated as 8va bassa, 8a b. or more commonly today, 8vb. When written below a passage it indicates the passage be performed one octave lower than written.
How do you write two octaves higher?
15ma notation Like the notation 8va for octave (Italian: ottava), 15ma (Italian: quindicesima) means "play two octaves higher than written." It could also mean two octaves lower, but that is usually notated 15mb.
Why is C the middle note?
Because when they decided to name the notes with letters, they took a minor scale and named the notes "naturally": A, B, C, D, E, F, G. This is what we know as the A minor scale. … Now if we want to use the same "natural" notes in a major scale, then we need to start with C.
What does the number above the treble clef mean?
[English] This is a normal treble clef symbol with the number 8 printed above or below. The addition of the number 8 directs the musician to perform the music an octave higher than indicated (with the number 8 printed above) or an octave lower than indicated (with the number 8 printed below).
What is another name for treble clef?
G ClefFirst, we will discuss the Treble Clef (also called the G Clef). The staff line which the clef wraps around (shown in red) is known as G. Any note placed on this line becomes G.
Why is it called G clef?
The treble clef is also called the "G clef" because the symbol at the beginning of the staff (a stylized letter "G") encircles the second line of the staff, indicating that line to be G4 (or G above middle C).
Why does an octave start on C?
As I understand it, when letters were first assigned to notes, A was simply the lowest of the range of notes being used. Sharps and flats were gradually added so that scales could be transposed, but C became the "tonic" of the natural notes. …
What does 8va in music mean?
an Octave (Latin, octavus, literally meaning "eighth") is sometimes abbreviated to 8ve. 8va stands for ottava – the Italian word for octave. The notation 8va (as seen in sheet music) means to play this an octave higher than written.
What does both hands 8va mean?
8va only applies to the notes that it is written above. So if the 8va is written above the right hand, then just the right hand plays an octave higher. … If the composer desires to have both hands 8va, that is notated. It may say "8va both hands" written above the music that should be played an octave higher.
What is the 5 lines called in music?
Staff, also spelled stave, in the notation of Western music, five parallel horizontal lines that, with a clef, indicate the pitch of musical notes.
What is another name for F clef?
The Definition F-clef The F-clef is another term for the bass staff, which is the large musical symbol at the beginning of the piano's bottom staff (or bass staff). It is called the F-clef because its top curl and two dots highlight the staff's F line.
What does 8ba mean?
play an octave lower than written8va means play an octave higher than written; 8ba means play an octave lower than written.


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- Historic Sites
Lexington's Carnegie Library
Lexington's library has a long, distinguished history. Established in 1795, it is now the oldest institution of its kind in Kentucky and possibly the oldest in the west. The library was started with 400 books, which were added to the collection that already existed at the Transylvania Seminary. The library was based on subscription wherein people paid for the use of the library holdings. In 1898, Lexington was deemed a second-class city by the Kentucky Legislature and this classification enabled the city to acquire and conduct a free library. The Carnegie Library, also known as the Lexington Public Library, was built in 1906 as a gift to the city of Lexington from the Andrew Carnegie Foundation. To receive its donation, the Carnegie Foundation required the city to provide a site for the library and to appropriate funds for the library's upkeep. The new building was constructed of Bedford limestone and was built for a sum of $75,000. Thereafter, the contents of the library were moved to their new home, a beautiful Neo-Classical building at the southern end of Gratz Park. During the late 1980s the Lexington Public Library built a new, larger central branch on East Main Street to accommodate its growing collection. The Carnegie Library is now the home of the Carnegie Center for Literacy and Learning. This organization provides many free, public programs to help spread literacy and to promote reading among children.


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Published on Brock University (_URL_)
A Brock prof's research into how the government of Ontario dealt with the regulation of alcohol and public drinking in the province in the post-prohibition 20s and 30s raises some interesting questions about our society's attitudes towards to alcohol.
"We have this incredibly conflicted relationship with alcohol," says Dan Malleck, associate professor of Community Health Sciences and author of Try to Control Yourself: The Regulation of Public Drinking in Post-Prohibition Ontario, _PHONE_.
"From the end of prohibition in Ontario until the Second World War, liquor laws in the province changed significantly," says Malleck. "And with the creation of the LCBO in 1927, the government tried to foster a system that worked in the complex political and social culture of the time."
The whole idea of allowing drinking in a province where a lot of people still thought it should be illegal because it was immoral and destructive to society had to be weighed against the fact that prohibition simply did not work.


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While Apple has designed your iPhone to remain within safe temperatures when charging wirelessly, excessive heat can slow down your iPhone's charging speed or, worse, degrade its battery life. If your iPhone gets too hot on a wireless or MagSafe charger, follow the steps listed in this guide to prevent it from overheating.
Why does a Wireless or MagSafe charger heat up my iPhone?
Wireless chargers are fundamentally inefficient due to their reliance on inductive charging, leading to heat generation while charging. With the push for faster wireless charging speeds, Apple introduced MagSafe in 2020. This novel wireless charging solution used magnets to align the charging coils of an iPhone and MagSafe charger for faster charging speeds.
However, faster speeds require higher currents, causing heat to build up. Apple's MagSafe charger for iPhone takes a whopping 27 watts from the wall to provide an iPhone with just 15 watts of charging power. That's 3 watts of power released as heat.
Wireless and MagSafe chargers lacking an active fan for cooling will slowly warm up over time and, in turn, heat up your iPhone. This is why the iPhone 12 and 13 Mini are limited to 12W charging through MagSafe, as their small form factor has a reduced surface area for dissipating heat into the atmosphere.
Signs that your iPhone is overheating while Charging Wirelessly
Apple defined the maximum safe temperature for an iPhone to be 45º C. When charging an iPhone with a wireless charger or MagSafe, a warning message will be displayed stating that your iPhone needs to cool down if it exceeds this temperature. Once the temperature warning message is displayed, you cannot use your iPhone until it cools down.
However, you don't need to wait for this message to know if your iPhone is overheating. Look out for the following signs to see if wireless charging is heating your iPhone too much:
- Charging on hold notification: If your iPhone stops charging, check for the Charging on Hold notification if it runs iOS 16 or later.
- Degraded performance: Your iPhone feels sluggish with slow animations, and apps take too long to load or crash.
- Reduced charging speed: Your iPhone takes too long to charge or starts losing charge, even on a MagSafe or fast wireless charger.
- The display dims or goes black.
- The mobile signal becomes weaker: When an iPhone gets hot, the cellular radio's power is turned down, resulting in a weaker cell signal.
- Wireless charger disconnects: If present, the charging indicator light on your wireless charger changes color, blinking, or turns off.
How to stop an iPhone from getting hot on a MagSafe or Wireless charger: 10 Steps to Try out
Time needed: 10 minutes
Now that you've identified why your iPhone is overheating on a wireless or MagSafe charger, you can try the following steps to fix it. The fixes laid out are pretty straightforward and can be completed in minutes. Let us know in the comments below if you still face any issues, and we'll gladly provide any assistance.
- Check to see if the MagSafe or wireless charger itself is overheating.
There are several reasons why your wireless or MagSafe charger itself can be a source of excessive heat. Faulty components and cables, misaligned charging coils, and foreign objects are some of the few factors that can cause your iPhone to get too hot. Those with a wireless charger can consider following the tips listed in this guide to prevent it from overheating. We have a separate article for MagSafe users with appropriate steps for fixing heating-related issues.
- Make sure you are on the latest version of iOS.
If you suddenly noticed issues with your iPhone getting hot on wireless or MagSafe charging, it could be an issue with the current iOS build. Apple is generally quite fast in releasing updates that fix problems with overheating, so make sure to update to the latest versions. Open or Developer Beta builds have a higher chance of charging issues due to their unfinished nature.
- Take off the case from your iPhone while charging.
Cases can add to the gap between the charging coils on your iPhone and the wireless charger. A large gap can decrease the charging speed of a wireless charger and lead to greater heat being generated on your iPhone. MagSafe users can use a MagSafe-compatible case but must remove it if the heating issue is unresolved. Remove any MagSafe accessories like the Apple Wallet too.
- Do not charge your iPhone overnight on a wireless or MagSafe charger.
Although it may be the most convenient option to place near your bedstand, charging your iPhone on a wireless or MagSafe-compatible charging pad is a bad idea if it tends to get hot. Leaving an iPhone unsupervised overnight can cause it to get into a cycle where it first charges, gets too hot, stops charging, lose charge, and finally start charging again. As discussed below, leaving it overnight in this state can severely damage your iPhone's battery.
- Check for damage on your iPhone.
A cracked back glass or bent frame can impair the ability of your iPhone to charge from a wireless charger. Remove any attached cases to check for damage or bending.
- Avoid using performance-intensive apps and games.
Running heavy applications in your iPhone on a wireless charger is not a good idea, as it can push the SoC inside, releasing excessive amounts of heat. Although MagSafe makes it possible to play games while charging wirelessly, it is not recommended, as overheating can leave you with a laggy and crash-prone gaming experience.
- Do not take long calls and download large files over the mobile network while charging wirelessly.
Performing tasks that use your iPhone's cellular radio can cause it to get warm while charging wirelessly, especially with the 5G antennas found in the latest iPhones. Charge your device beforehand or resort to wired charging if you want to go on a long call or download a large file over the mobile network.
- Charge your iPhone in a cooler environment.
Placing your wireless charger in warm environments is sufficient to heat up an iPhone charging on it. Some examples include the interior of a car in direct sunlight or your laptop's exhaust.
- Consider purchasing a new wireless or MagSafe charger
If none of the steps listed above don't resolve your iPhone's issue, consider replacing your wireless charger. If you have a spare lying around, make sure to test out your iPhone on it.
A common cause of overheating lies in the inability of the wireless charger to dispel heat effectively away from your iPhone. Investing in a wireless charger with an active cooling fan can help prevent heat from building up in your iPhone.
- Take it in for service.
If your iPhone still exhibits symptoms of overheating, then there could be an underlying issue that needs to be investigated. Take your iPhone to a nearby service center along with the wireless charger you use to get them checked out by a technician.
Will an iPhone Heating up on a Wireless Charger or MagSafe be damaged?
Maintaining an iPhone at elevated temperatures for an extended time can adversely affect components like the battery.
Exposure to excessive heat can degrade a battery in two ways: capacity fade and power fade. Capacity fade causes the battery to lose its charge capacity over time, causing your phone to run out of charge quickly. Power fade reduces the power supplied by your iPhone battery, causing it to crash or shut down intermittently.
You can check the battery health of your iPhone by going to Settings > Battery> Battery Health & Charging. The Maximum Capacity gives information on the capacity fade, while Peak Performance Capacity lets you know if excessive power fade exists.
If the Maximum capacity is below 80% or the Peak Performance Capacity section indicates that Performance Management is being applied, your battery may have been affected by getting too hot during wireless charging. We recommend replacing your iPhone's battery at this stage.
We hope this guide resolved any overheating issues while charging an iPhone on a wireless charger. If you found this guide helpful, feel free to share it. Let us know in the comments section below if you still face issues, and we will try our best to resolve them promptly.


Mandibular Incisors, Cuspids, and Bicuspids
Dental Extraction Forceps for Lower Jaw
Two commonly used extraction forceps for the mandibular anteriors and bicuspids are
Dental Forceps No. 151
Forceps No. 151 are used primarily to extract mandibular anteriors, bicuspids, and roots and are often known as the mandibular universal forceps. These forceps are similar to the Dental Forceps No. 150 forceps except the beaks are set at an angle opposite to the slightly curved handles.
Dental Forceps No. 203
Dental Forceps No. 203 are used on mandibular anterior, bicuspids, and roots. These forceps are like the #101 (mentioned later), except the beaks are more sharply angled from the handles. Like the #101 handles, the #203 handles are straight (fig. 5-40).


Pipe Size notation: NPS vs NB vs DN. Is there any difference?
NPS vs NPB vs DN
Many of us, talk about pipe size either in DN (Nominal Diameter), NPS ( Nominal Pipe Size), or NB (Nominal Bore). Yet these all are notations of pipe size these all have some similarities and differences in terms of use and origin. In this article, you will know a brief explanation about these piping size notations.
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Patheos Watermark
Rituals and Worship
Sacred Time
Reformed sacred time is organized by a liturgical calendar that celebrates all the major events in the life of Jesus and of the early Church throughout the course of each year.
Sacred Space
Sacred space in the Reformed tradition is characterized by a relatively austere aesthetic, and is designed to focus attention on preaching and on the two sacraments of baptism and the Lord's Supper.
Rites and Ceremonies
The meaning of the sacraments of baptism and the Lord's Supper have been among the most important and contentious aspects of Reformed theology, setting Reformed Christians off not just from Catholics but from other Protestants as well.
Worship and Devotion in Daily Life
Reformed daily life is shaped by the doctrine of the priesthood of all believers (which in Calvinism leads to idea of vocation and the Protestant work ethic), by an increased focus on all aspects of the personal lives of parishioners, and by a requirement for increased levels of education.
Reformed symbolism tends to be fairly austere, and directs attention to the key doctrines of salvation by faith (as a gift of the Spirit), the priesthood of all believers (and so a downplaying of symbols setting aside ministers as different from others), and sola scriptura (the importance of the Bible).


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Can anybody suggest an optimum algorithm for determining if two arrays are identical eg.,
I know that this can be solved using Arrays.sort but in that case the quicksort will be O(n logn). Again if we store the first list in a Hashtable then we will be using extra space as big as the array. Is there any solution that is both space and time efficient?
You mean if two arrays contain the same elements? That's a big difference.
I think first doing an Arrays.sort() and then an Arrays.equals() is your best option. It's simple, should be fast, and they are tried and tested methods.
It's impossible to say what space complexity they give, but I don't think they're in-place. Regardless, I think using these methods will be better than anything you or I can come up with without knowing exact speed and memory requirements.
Seetharaman Venkatasamy wrote:Use Hashtable. first insert elements that are in first array. and now loop through 2nd array and see this current element is there in Hashtable or not.
It's not quite that simple if there can be repeated values. If you can guarantee there aren't repeated values I'd throw both arrays in a HashSet and call Set.equals() to compare them.
If you can't, then I'd go with Stephan's approach (probably adding a check that the arrays are the same size first - if they aren't they can't be equal, and so there's no point wasting time) until it was proven that wasn't good enough for some specific reason.
Matthew Brown wrote:
It's not quite that simple if there can be repeated values.
Yeah.. you pointed out well. in that case what we can do is put the counter to 1 [key - element, value-count]. if you find the element again increase the count.
when you loop the second array if the current element is there in hashtable decrement it.. upon the job completion, iterate the hashtable and see if the element value has 0 counter else say not identical.
I did some very simple tests, and the choice between the hash and the sorting based approaches seems to strongly depend on whether you want to sort an int or an Integer (of course assuming all the elements are unique, otherwise the sort based approach is favored).
I added 10.000.000 unique integers to a list, shuffled it and then assigned all the integers to two different int objects in the same order. Then I started the test.
The sorting algorithm took around 2200 milliseconds to complete. The hashing algorithm took around 7000 milliseconds. The sorting algorithm was also consistently faster for smaller sets of data.
When I started with two Integer arrays, the tables were completely turned. The sorting algorithm seems to have a much harder time sorting objects than primitives. On my system the sorting algorithm took around 11.000 milliseconds, whereas the hash based approach took roughly 3500 milliseconds.
This is of course a worst-case scenario. I haven't tested the situation where the two sets of data are unequal. Here's the quick and dirty int test so you can get an idea of what I did:
Stephan van Hulst wrote:I added 1.000.000 unique integers to a list, shuffled it and then assigned all the integers to two different int objects in the same order. Then I started the test.
Interesting. Your results would tend to suggest that there's quite an overhead for boxing/unboxing.
_USER_: In answer to your initial question "Is there any solution that is both space and time efficient?", I would say that Arrays.sort() is likely to be the most space-efficient, since it sorts in place; however, in the process it also destroys your original data.
If the arrays are specifically integer arrays, and you're not worried about repeated values, another alternative might be to use a BitSet. It will be horribly space-hungry for small arrays; particularly if they contain large values, but for very large arrays, it may be quite efficient.
Yes, auto-boxing is fairly expensive. It should be noted though that the (quick-)sort on int primitives is still faster than the hashing on Integers. Merge-sort on Integer is significantly slower though, much more than the auto-boxing can account for. I don't know if this is a result of the difference between the quickand merge-sort algorithms, or that the merge-sort algorithm has to make calls to the compareTo() method.
I also corrected my last post a bit since you replied. I tested on 10.000.000 elements.
Because it is a test. It tests the methods testArrays() and testTables(). These two methods aren't supposed to know anything about the arrays passed to them (except that every element is unique), so they also don't know that the two arrays are already exactly the same.
The point is that the two arrays have the same elements, because this would constitute a worst-case-scenario: every element in the two arrays have to be inspected in order to find out whether the two arrays are really the same. This is to eliminate the possibility that either of the two proposed approaches terminates ahead of time. The downside is that this test says very little about the average-case-scenario.
The reason why I shuffled the first array was to make the difference between Arrays.sort(int) and Arrays.sort(T) more realistic. The merge-sort used for the generic case handles arrays that are already (almost) completely sorted much faster* than the quick-sort does for the primitive case. Shuffling the array gives merge-sort a realistic handicap. The reason why I *didn't* shuffle the second array, is because it in fact doesn't matter that the two arrays have the same order, as long as they're shuffled in the first place.
*: Faster in terms of time complexity. Not necessarily absolute speed.


What Is the Systematic Name of PbO?
By Staff WriterLast Updated Mar 28, 2020 1:36:25 AM ET
The systematic name of the compound PbO is lead(II) oxide. This substance is also commonly referred to as lead monoxide, lead oxide and plumbous oxide.
Lead(II) oxide is an inorganic compound that can take on two different crystal structures, or polymorphs. One structure is tetragonal, and the other is orthorhombic. Lead(II) oxide can be fatal if ingested, and exposure to the substance can be harmful to the skin, eyes, gums, kidneys, blood, respiratory tract and central nervous system.
Most methods for producing lead(II) oxide involve oxidizing lead at very high temperatures, and it is used in the manufacture of industrial glass and industrial ceramics.


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Science Fair Project Encyclopedia
Smoke signals is an early form of the optical telegraph, developed by the native North Americans and Chinese (as in the towers of the Great Wall.) By covering an open fire with a blanket, and suddenly removing it for a short time, a puff of smoke is generated. With some training, the sizes, shapes of, and intervals between these puffs can be controlled in a way that can be observed from a long distance, and used to carry information.
Apparent to anyone within its visual range, the smoke signal is not a standardized code that can be easily translated. Like other forms of communication, the signals are often of a predetermined pattern discerned by sender and receiver. Still, the smoke signal can abide by other universal patterns of communication. For example, as in other distress calls, a pattern of three would indicate a call for help.
The contents of this article is licensed from _URL_ under the GNU Free Documentation License. Click here to see the transparent copy and copyright details


How Does IBD Affect Your Sex Life?
How Does IBD Affects Your Sex Life? Image
How Does IBD Affect Your Sex Life?
How Does IBD Affect Your Sex Life?
Painful sex is a common IBD associated complication. Consulting a doctor is necessary. People suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are always concerned about their intimacy. They tend to hide their emotions and feel embarrassed to converse about their problems to a doctor or nurse. In majority of the IBD cases, the sexual life of people remains unaffected. But during a flare-up, people may exhibit a lack of interest in sexual activities. Fortunately, along with IBD, the psychological issues associated with it can also be medically addressed.
If other treatment options become invalid for treating a certain IBD case then the doctors recommend surgery. It is important that the patient discusses everything with the partner and clearly thinks through before signing up for this option. Surgery is usually the last option and is only done for the betterment of patient's health.
Surgery As A Treatment Option For IBD
Fish Oil Benefits For Male Sexual Health ImageAs stated above, the doctor only recommends surgery when it is the only treatment option left. Surgery can provide a cure for patients with ulcerative colitis. However, for patients with Crohn's disease, surgery may offer relief for a certain episode. It may also help the patients who have multiple parts of their intestine affected badly.
Majority of the patient who undergo surgical procedures for the treatment of IBD recover completely and successfully with only some minor complications. However, the patient must be educated thoroughly about the few changes that may occur after the completion of the surgery.
Post-Surgery Changes In Women
 - Reduced sex drive or in other word diminished or low libido. This change may occur due to patient's own perception about her looks and body and the patient may think that she is less attractive after the surgery.
 - Reduction of sexual feelings and poor sex drive can lead to vaginal dryness. Even if the intercourse is done, it is uncomfortable, painful and short-lasting. This can be handled with switching to a different sex position which may embark excitement and may help in arousal.
 - Using a lubricant gel may also help in alleviating the pain associated with sex. Talking to the partner and discussing new exciting horizons to the relationship can have a positive impact. In order to feel better the patient must first find herself attractive.
Post-Surgery Changes In Men
Surgery, at times, may damage or cut the nerves present around the genital organs located near the bowel area. As a result, the patient may find difficulty in obtaining a strong erection or even ejaculating. Most of times the nerves recover back to the normal state but it may take a couple or more years to happen. Seeking the partner's patience will help in exploring other methods for gaining sexual pleasure.
 - Jedel, S., Hood, M. M., & Keshavarzian, A. (2015). Getting personal: a review of sexual functioning, body image, and their impact on quality of life in IBD patients. Inflammatory bowel diseases, 21(4), 923.


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Microsoft DOS rd and rmdir command
Removes an empty directory in MS-DOS. To delete directories with files or directories within them the user must use the deltree command, or if you are running Microsoft Windows 2000 or Windows XP use the /S option.
The rd and rmdir commands are internal commands and are available in the below Microsoft operating systems.
Removes (deletes) a directory.
Windows 2000 and Windows XP Syntax.
RMDIR [/S] [/Q] [drive:]path
RD [/S] [/Q] [drive:]path
|/S||Removes all directories and files in the specified directory in addition to the directory itself. Used to remove a directory tree.|
|/Q||Quiet mode, do not ask if ok to remove a directory tree with /S.|
If a directory contains files or folders when attempting to delete the directory you will receive "The directory is not empty." error message. If you want to delete directories that are full, use the deltree command or if you're using Windows 2000 or later use the below example with the /s switch.
Remove the test directory, if empty.
rmdir c:\test /s
Windows 2000, Windows XP and later versions of Windows can use this option with a prompt to permanently delete the test directory and all subdirectories and files. Adding the /q switch would suppress the prompt.


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What is electroplating auxiliary equipment
The accessories that must be provided for the plating bath of electroplating equipment include anode and anode basket or anode hook, electrode rod, power connecting wire, etc. In order to save investment, some factories do not use anode baskets and hook the anode directly to the plating bath, but at least cover the anode sleeve. The key of the power connection line is to ensure that it can pass the required current. It's better to use copper plate and multi strand cable, which must meet the requirements of cross-sectional area. Most anode baskets are made of titanium, and a few kinds of plating can also be made of stainless steel or steel. Electrode rod is a conductive rod used to hang anode and cathode and connect with power supply. It is usually made of copper bar or brass bar, slightly longer than the plating bath, and the diameter is determined by the current, but at least more than 5cm.


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Definition - What does Home Key mean?
The Home key is a key found on most physical and virtual keyboards and is supported by most operating systems. The Home key is supported by certain software applications as well. The primary functionality of the Home key in most applications is to return the cursor to the beginning of a line, document, page, screen or worksheet cell based on the position of the cursor.
Techopedia explains Home Key
The Home key helps in navigation of applications or a word processing programs. It is most commonly used to make the cursor move to the beginning of the line in a text editing program. The Home key has the opposite functionality of the End key.
Keyboards which do not have a Home key, usually due to limited size, can achieve the same functionality with the combination of a function key and the left arrow key. If a document is not editable, the Home key can help in scrolling the scrollable document to the beginning in operating systems like Microsoft and Linux. This is in addition to the functionality involving text editing applications, where the Home key can help return the cursor to the beginning of the document or the current line. Along with other function keys, the Home key can provide different functions like selecting all characters in a selectable text before the cursor, by pressing a combination of the Home and Shift keys simultaneously. In software applications, the Home key can have different functions such as reaching the menu screen.
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A worker at a McDonald's branch in Japan died of "karoshi" — the Japanese term for death from overwork — according to officials at the local government labor bureau. The employee, a 41-year-old woman, had put in about 80 hours a month in overtime for six months before she died. "We determined her work caused the illness," said an official at the agency.
The worker died in October 2007, after collapsing during a company training program. McDonald's Japan has yet to comment on the case, saying the company hadn't been contacted by authorities and needed to confirm the labor bureau's findings. In an earlier karoshi-related case, McDonald's paid a worker $75,000 in back overtime wages after his doctor warned him he was risking a stroke by working too hard.
The term "karoshi" is used by the Japanese government to refer to deaths — usually from heart attack or stroke — that are connected to excessive work. Approximately 150 workers die of karoshi each year, according to government data. Companies in Japan are increasingly being held liable for karoshi-related deaths and illnesses; earlier this year, a judge ruled that a man's suicide was due to his working conditions, and ordered his employer to pay $1.2 million to his surviving relatives.
(Photo: hassan abdel-rahman)


Glossary, Definitions and Help - literature library
Proportion of Households with Firearms
Definition and Selection Criteria
In a given jurisdiction the number of firearms held by civilians could have risen, while in the same period the proportion of households containing firearms could have fallen, or vice versa.
Counting the proportion of households with firearms might reveal trends in which existing gun owners acquire more or fewer guns, while at the same time a decreasing or increasing proportion of households contain firearms.
ID: G175


Ancient Perfumery
Discovery News has an article on a 4000 year old perfumery, next to an olive press.
Remains include "clay perfume bottle fragments that contain 14 perfumes of varied fragrances and ten odor essences."
"So far, Belgiorno and her colleagues have identified fragrances of cinnamon, laurel, myrtle, anise, citrus bergamot and pine."
In his "Natural History, Volume XIII," Roman historian Pliny (23-79 A.D.) wrote, "As to perfume of cyprus, that from the island of Cyprus was at first preferred, and then that of Egypt; when all on a sudden the unguents of Mendes and metopium rose into esteem. In later times Phoenicia eclipsed Egypt in the manufacture of these last two, but left to that country the repute of producing the best unguent of cyprus."
Given the proximity of the olive press to the Cyprus perfumery, it is likely that olive oil was included in the perfume-making process.


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The rich culture of Vietnam was represented through fairy tales at a two-day festival that opened in Long Island Children's Museum (LICM) in New York on Nov. 5.
The event was co-organised by the New York Humanitarian Science Council and the Vietnamese Permanent Mission to the United Nations.
The festival brought visitors back in time to early days in the history of the Vietnamese nation when Au Co, a mountain fairy got married to a dragon, Lac Long Quan, and gave birth to a sac containing 100 eggs. The eggs hatched 100 children who were the ancestors of the Vietnamese. They then travelled through tales about the uprising led by the Trung sisters against northern aggressors and legendary hero Thanh Giong's victory against An aggressors and learnt about the nation's traditions and customs, also through stories that have been passed down many Vietnamese generations.
Dr. Ngo Thanh Nhan, a researcher at the New York-based Centre for Vietnamese Philosophy, Culture and Society, performed the traditional "dan tranh" (16-string zither) at the event.


15.10 - Optimized Method of Maintaining a Join Index During UPDATE Operations - Teradata Database
Teradata Database SQL Request and Transaction Processing
Teradata Database
Programming Reference
User Guide
Optimizations have been made for UPDATE requests that allow the affected join index rows to be located via direct access. For example, if an UPDATE request specifies a search condition on the primary or secondary of a join index, the affected join index rows are not reproduced. Instead, the join index may be directly searched for the qualifying rows and modified accordingly.
To use this optimized method (that is, the direct update approach), the following conditions must be present:
 - A primary or secondary access path to the join index.
 - If join_index_column_2 is defined, no modifications to join_index_column_1 columns.
 - No modifications to the join condition columns appearing in the join index definition.
 - No modifications to the primary index columns of the join index.
 - The following is an example of an optimized method for maintaining join index during an UPDATE request.
 UPDATE lineitem
 SET l_quantity=l_quantity - 5
 WHERE l_orderkey=10;
 *** Help information returned. 11 rows.
 *** Total elapsed time was 1 second.
 1) First, we execute the following steps in parallel.
 1) We do a single-AMP UPDATE from join index table
 df2.OrderJoinLine by way of the primary index
 "df2.OrderJoinLine.l_orderkey = 10" with a residual
 condition of ("df2.OrderJoinLine.l_orderkey = 10").
 2) We do a single-AMP UPDATE from df2.lineitem by way of the
 primary index "df2.lineitem.l_orderkey = 10" with no
 residual conditions.
 2) Finally, we send out an END TRANSACTION step to all AMPs involved
 in processing the request.


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Sitec has an exciting opportunity for a HR Coordinator for our client based in Cheltenham. This is a contract role for an estimated 5 months.
PURPOSE OF ROLE:
The HR Coordinator will provide efficient administration support to the HR/Payroll Shared Services Department and to ensure all aspects of personnel administration is carried out effectively in conjunction with the HR department
- Assist with day to day operations of the HR function and duties
- Assist with the updating of policies, procedures and process to support the business with an efficient and informative employee lifecycle
- Assist with the compilation of training material and delivery to employees
- Administer recruitment and selection process e.g. liaising with recruiting manager to ensure resourcing sign off, advertising roles and liaison with recruiting agent, create interview packs, creating offer letters and contracts in liaison with UK HR Assistant and HR Advisors
- Ensure the production of timely and accurate contracts of employment and service agreements in liaison with the UK HR Assistant
- Responsible for inputting and updating the HR database to capture all employee data to support accurate HR data reporting and provision of timely/accurate payroll information.
- Administration of joiners (employees & contingent labour) to align with policy/procedures, including induction process to ensure full integration into the business.
- Administration of leavers (employees & contingent labour) to align with policy/procedures
- Provide support to employees in relation to day to day benefit and payroll queries in conjunction with the UK HR Assistant,
- Provide administrative support for HR project work
- Production and distribute of written communications relating to operational HR activities i.e. letters, memorandums, emails, meeting notes etc
- Overseeing the organisation process for Employee Consultation Forum meetings e.g. agendas, ensure constitution is signed by relevant representatives, arranging meetings, taking of minutes etc.
KEY TECHNICAL SKILLS / COMPETENCIES:
- Strong communication skills, both written and verbal
- Must be approachable, diplomatic, rational and logical in their approach.
- Must be able to work with minimal supervision and manage own workloads, whilst working as part of a team.
- Must be flexible in their approach.
- Attention to detail and ability to undertake and manage accurate recording of information.
- Mail merging and competent use Microsoft packages and HR databases.
- Proven administration skills and experience within the HR generalist role.
- The ability to work as part of a team
- Excellent written and verbal communications skills will be essential to role
- Minimum of 5 GCSEs (or equivalent) - two of which must be at least a C grade in English and Mathematics
- Competent use of Windows and Excel applications - intermediate level essential, advanced desirable
This vacancy is being advertised by Sitec.


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It is no secret that our kids' productivity in school significantly affects their future, which is why we need to provide them with quality school furniture to help them focus and learn. Studies have shown that when kids are furnished with comfortable, functional, and stylish school furniture, they tend to be more productive in the classroom. This blog post will discuss the importance of quality school furniture and how it can help improve your child's productivity! We will also provide tips on selecting quality school furniture for your home or classroom. So, be sure to read on whether you are a parent or a teacher!
How Does Quality School Furniture Affect Learning And Productivity Of Kids?
Quality School Furniture Contributes To the Comfort of Our Kids
One of the main reasons why quality school furniture is essential is because it contributes to the comfort of our kids. When kids are comfortable, they tend to be more focused and attentive in class. This is why selecting school furniture that is ergonomic and comfortable for your child is essential.
Make sure to choose chairs and desks that are the right size for your child and that offer proper support. You may also want to consider investing in adjustable furniture so that it can grow with your child. There are many school furniture suppliers that offer quality and comfortable furniture for kids, so be sure to shop around until you find the perfect pieces for your child's needs!
Also, if you are a teacher, be sure to create a comfortable and inviting learning environment in your classroom by selecting quality furniture that is both functional and stylish.
Quality School Furniture Improves The Quality of Their Work
Another reason why quality school furniture is essential is that it can improve the quality of your child's work. When kids are provided with quality furniture, they have everything they need to complete their work correctly. This indicates that they are less likely to make mistakes, and their work will be of a higher quality overall.
When kids are given the proper tools to complete their work, they tend to take more pride in their work and feel more confident in their abilities. As a result, their schoolwork will improve, and they will be more probably to succeed in the classroom.
Also Check: 12 Benefits of Crossword Puzzles for Child's Growth
Quality School Furniture Helps Them Stay Organized
One of the most crucial things for kids to learn is how to stay organized. This is an essential skill that will benefit them throughout their lives. When kids have quality school furniture, they have a place for everything and can easily keep track of their belongings. This helps to reduce clutter in the classroom and makes it easier for kids to find what they need when they need it.
Additionally, when kids are organized, they tend to be more productive and efficient in the classroom. For instance, if everything has a place, they will know where to find it without wasting time searching for things. As an effect, they will be able to concentrate more on their schoolwork and less on trying to find their supplies. Or, if their desks are cluttered, they may be unable to focus on their work. Thus, it is essential to provide quality school furniture to help kids stay organized and focused in the classroom.
Quality School Furniture Encourages Kids To Be More Active
Another reason why quality school furniture is essential is that it encourages kids to be more active. When kids have furniture designed for movement, they are more likely to get up and move around. This is important because it helps them stay focused and engaged in the lesson. Additionally, being active can help improve a child's overall health and well-being.
Also Check: How to Start Teaching Even and Odd Numbers To Elementary Kids?
Improve Sleep Pattern
Quality school furniture can also help improve sleep patterns in kids. When kids have comfortable furniture, they are more likely to fall asleep quickly and stay asleep throughout the night. This is important because it helps them to get the rest they need to be successful in school.
Additionally, when kids sleep better, they tend to have more energy and focus during the day. As a result, they are more likely to be productive in the classroom.
They Become More Responsible
When kids have quality school furniture, they also tend to become more responsible, and this is because they have a valuable investment in their furniture and want to take care of it.
Additionally, when kids are responsible for taking care of their furniture, they learn how to be more organized and take care of their belongings properly. As a result, they are less likely to lose things or damage their furniture.
Also Check: Teach Your Kids Education Is Important While They're Still Young – Here are Some Tips
They Become More Confident
When children have good classroom furnishings, they grow more confident. This is because sitting on comfy, elegant furniture makes individuals feel good about themselves. Furthermore, giving children the responsibility of caring for their furnishings teaches them to be more autonomous and self-sufficient.
For example, children who are used to having their desks cleaned for them may not know how to care for their furniture on their own properly. However, when children are taught to take care of their furniture, they learn to be more independent and self-reliant. As a result, their self-esteem and confidence grow, which can also benefit them in other areas of their lives.
Quality School Furniture Makes Learning Fun!
Finally, quality school furniture is essential because it can make learning fun! When kids are given stimulating and engaging furniture, they are more likely to enjoy the learning process. Additionally, when furniture is fun, kids are likelier to want to use it and will be less likely to get bored. Thus, providing quality school furniture can help make learning fun and enjoyable for your child!
Quality school furniture is essential for a variety of reasons. It can improve the comfort of our kids and the quality of their work, help them stay organized, encourage them to be more active, and make learning fun! So, consider investing in quality school furniture for your child's classroom, and it will be worth it in the long run!
Also Check: How Does AI In Education Empower Educational Equity?
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Instruction selection is the part in a compiler that transforms IR code into machine code. Instruction selectors build on a library of hundreds if not thousands of rules. Creating and maintaining these rules is a tedious and error-prone manual process.
In this paper, we present a fully automatic approach to create provably correct rule libraries from formal specifications of the instruction set architecture and the compiler IR using template-based counter-example guided synthesis (CEGIS). Thereby, we overcome several shortcomings of an existing SMT-based CEGIS approach, which was not applicable to our setting in the first place.We propose a novel way of handling memory operations and show how the search space can be iteratively explored to synthesize rules that are relevant for instruction selection.
Our approach synthesized a large part of the integer arithmetic rules for the x86 architecture within a few days where existing techniques could not deliver a substantial rule library within weeks. With respect to the runtime of the compiled programs, we show that the synthesized rules are close to a manually-tuned instruction selecto... mehrr.


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Spring gobbler season is coming up. Here are a few safety tips:
1. Positively Identify Your Target
Be certain the bird is fully and plainly visible before pulling the trigger. Do not shoot at sounds or movement.
2. Never Stalk a Turkey
Movement or sounds you think are a turkey may be another hunter. Be patient and let the bird come to you.
3. Protect your back
Select a large tree, rock or other natural barrier while calling. Hunt in open woods.
4. Shout "STOP" to alert approaching hunters
Never move, wave or make turkey sounds to alert others of your position.
5. Dress to be safe
Never wear red, white, blue or black clothing. These are the colors found on mature gobblers
6. Cover up
Don't carry harvested birds in the open. Cover them with fluorescent orange or completely conceal from view in a game bag.
7. Be seen
Fluorescent orange is not required for spring gobbler hunting. However, wearing fluorescent orange,especially while moving, is an added safety precaution


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Do you know how to become an online travel Consultant?
Formation is at the base of every journey, for this reason we think this aspect that accompanies the activity of an Evolution Travel online travel Consultant fundamental not only in the initial phase but also afterwards, with constancy and continuity.
The aim of the whole journey is to develop the technical/touristic knowhow and the personal and professional competence necessary to build a successful entrepreneurial activity through classroom and online courses and formative events that are constantly organised to enable you to build a solid and fruitful commercial activity in the world of travel and tourism.
In synthesis here is how the formation of an Evolution Travel online travel Consultant is organised:
- BASIC COURSE - Theory
It is a course that is developed over recorded online sessions with a learning confirmation test in which you can see all the operative instruments in detail, the procedures and resources that an online travel Consultant has to manage his activity.
- BASIC CLASSROOM COURSE – Practise
The second phase of the Basic Course is a classroom course of 4 days and represents the moment in which the online travel Consultant begins, in the proper sense, his activity. Yes, we enter into the heart of the matter and begin to work the first requests!
- COACHING ONLINE – Online personalised sessions
It is a formative session, held by an expert online travel Consultant that follows a single person in his specific needs for 10 hours distributed over a two month period.
Online courses to which you can participate thanks to a dedicated platform that enables you to assist the course comfortably from home and interacting through a chat shared by all the participants. Every week there are from a minimum of 2 to a maximum of 4 e-learning courses, which means an average of 150 e-learning courses in a year! From tourism technique, to online sales strategies, to procedures related to booking trips, to personal growth, to web-marketing, to the management of your time, to the single products and destinations and on how to sell them.
- EDUCATIONAL – Travelling as Consultants
Educationals are trips that the various Tour Operators organise to let operators in this field, who are in charge of selling the product, experience first-hand and on location, the destinations and services offered, in order to sell the product to their clients in a better way.
- OPEN DAY - Full immersion
The Open Days are formative days organised in various Italian cities to examine various aspects of the activity more in depth: from the instruments of the online agency, to specific touristic products, to web-marketing strategies to promote oneself on the WEB.
- ANNUAL CONVENTION - Formation, news, ideas…Once a year, in September, all Consultants reunite for the online travel Consultant Convention: 2 days that represent an important moment of gathering and formation for all participants!


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What's special about the marine reserve
Protecting Long Bay and Okura's marine life
The Long Bay - Okura Marine Reserve, established in 1995, is Auckland's most accessible marine reserve. Marine reserves are areas of sea and foreshore where all marine life is totally protected and fish, shellfish, seaweeds and other species can recover from over-fishing and other threats.
Protecting a range of New Zealand's coastal and marine ecosystems
The Long Bay - Okura Marine Reserve protects an area of coastline typical of much of the Waitemata Harbour and inner Hauraki Gulf. It is moderately sheltered and largely formed of Waitemata sandstones and mudstones. The purpose of a marine protected area network around the New Zealand coastline is to safeguard representative examples of our different coastal and marine habitats.
Sandy beaches and rocky reefs are the main habitats to be found in the Long Bay section of the marine reserve. Waitemata rock formations are clearly visible, and the intertidal zone on the rock platforms provide plenty of rock pool life to investigate.
Estuarine mudflats and mangroves (one of the most productive ecosystems on earth) also feature in the marine reserve in the sheltered upper reaches of the Okura River.
Getting an overview
The Long Bay coastal walk leads from the northern end of the beach up onto the coastal cliffs. Piripiri Point gives good views over the marine reserve and its boundary markers.
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