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Over deze norm
1.1 This guide covers sampling for prebaked carbon anodes used in the production of aluminum, and details procedures for taking test samples from anode blocks. It covers equipment and procedures for obtaining samples from anode blocks in a manner that does not destroy the block or prevent its subsequent use as originally intended. However, the user must determine the subsequent use of the sampled anode blocks. Preferred locations for taking samples from single units of anodes are covered in this guide.
1.1.1 Information for sampling of shaped refractory products, in general, is given in ISO 5022. This standard details the statistical basis for sampling plans for acceptance testing of a consignment or lot. Anodes used in the production of aluminum have specific requirements for sampling and while the statistical basis for sampling given in ISO 5022 applies, further or modified requirements may also apply.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: The following ASTM standards are noted as sources of useful information: Test Methods,,,,,, and.
|Nederlandse titel||Standard Guide for Sampling Plan and Core Sampling for Prebaked Anodes Used in Aluminum Production|
|Engelse titel||Standard Guide for Sampling Plan and Core Sampling for Prebaked Anodes Used in Aluminum Production|


Grading Requirement
Kata badges and grading requirements
All students must have achieved the required number of training hours and courses (course attendance and grading history is kept in the back of the students licenses.) before any grading can be considered.
Under Sixteens
In order to ensure that the students are of the correct standard for each grading, they must also have achieved the correct Kata badges for the level grade they wish to take.
To be awarded a badge the student must demonstrate to the instructor that they can complete the required Kata correctly. There is no limit to the number of attempts a student can make for each Kata badge but only two attempts are allowed per training session.
Adult members 16+ are not required to complete the Kata Badge's but they must have demonstrated to the instructor that they can complete the necessary Kata to the required standard.


Commerce.AI's Data Engine vs. Medallia's Social Listening—A Simple Guide
Written by
Frederik Bussler
June 11, 2021
Commerce.AI and Medallia are both players in the product data space, but there are some key differences between the two.
Commerce.AI is focused on helping product teams innovate and initiate data-driven digital transformation, and has a range of features that help in this area, centered around the world's largest product data engine. Medallia offers tools that help customers collect and analyze social listening signals.
Let's take a look at the features of each company and how they are used in different industries.
Feature Comparison
Commerce.AI offers a range of features that help commerce companies grow their business through access to massive amounts of high-quality product data.
These features include product and competitive strategy, market intelligence, customer experience, and AI-assisted content for product catalogs. In addition, technical teams can use Commerce.AI APIs and data applications to access product data and insights at scale. Underlying these features is a data engine that has scanned over a trillion product data points from commerce channels like Amazon, Target, and Walmart.
In contrast, Medallia is focused on social data signals, which can include many datapoints from people who never bought a given product, creating more noise than signal.
Industry Comparison
There are also some differences in the industries these solutions are used in.
Commerce.AI's data engine has analyzed over 600 million products and services across 56,000 categories, making it an incredibly versatile tool, with use-cases in any product segment imagineable.
On the other hand, social listening signals are likely to be relevant to a smaller segment of industries.
User Comparison
Commerce.AI is focused on supporting Project Managers and other product-oriented folk, as well as analysts and Consumer Insights teams. In comparison, Medallia is focused on CX Professionals or EX Professionals.
Ultimately Commerce.AI is designed for companies that want a holistic data-driven digital transformation while Medallia is for customers who want to collect social data signals.
Data Engine vs. Social Listening
Commerce.AI and Medallion represent two approaches to understanding what consumers are thinking about your company, product, and competitors (among other areas).
Both systems rely on data, providing insights that allow product teams to disrupt their markets or catch up with them. Data sources are one key difference between the two models - while Commerce.AI brings high-quality product data and insights to you, with Medallia, you have to go out and select social signals, which are often worse quality and less relevant to product teams than verified commerce data.
While they are similar in some ways, Commerce.AI has a high-quality set of artificial intelligence-based systems that analyze truly massive amounts of product data.
Another area of distinction is in scalability: Medallia runs primarily on social data signals. Commerce.AI has a powerful data engine that processes over a trillion data points from over a hundred sources, which is constantly being updated.
The difference between the two analysis models becomes very clear when enterprise commerce teams need large scale, verified data to make decisions.
The bottom line is clear: a model like Commerce.AI's can substantially improve product capabilities by enabling product teams with an understanding of what they would never know otherwise.
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Measure spectral irradiance of sun simulator
Sun simulators are available in different classes indicating the performance characteristics by the combination of three letters (A,B or C) (according to IEC 60904, JIS 8912 and ASTM E 927-05). Each letter represents respectively the spectral match with the solar spectrum (1000 W/m2, AM 1.5), uniformity of the light field and temporary stability. Class AAA are considered as most accurate and have an ideal spectral match between 0.75 and 1.25, max. 2.0% non-uniformity and 0.5% nonstability according to the IEC standard. The ideal spectral match is divided in spectral bands. Those represent a certain energy quanta of the total spectrum allowing a 25% variance in that particular range.
The LS-100 is the portable spectroradiometer. Its spectrometer and detector part are connected through fiber optics. The LS-100 is for the indoor use. It is furthermore suitable for the evaluation of the artificial light source generated by solar simulator. The LS-100 can be used in various researches. The LS-100 software has an automatic monitoring function for a spectral match between the solar simulator and JIS provided value.
HOW-TO Application Guide
In practice, it is possible that 2 different types of AAA sun simulators give a totally different artificial solar spectrum within the standard. To be able to quantify the solar spectrum against the standardized AM 1.5 solar spectrum, the LS-100 spectroradiometer measures and calculates the exact mismatch for each individual wavelength.
With this information the I-V characteristics of the module can be corrected according to the real AM1.5 spectrum instead of the approximate sun simulator spectrum.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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For some orders you can make a DNS entry to complete domain control validation. If the order is not validating the following steps can help identify the issue.Check if the domain is using a CNAME
If the domain you are trying to validate is using a CNAME (other than the validation CNAME) then DNS validation can not be complete. This could be the base domain, the www record or any sub-domain included within the certificate. You can either remove the CNAME or amend it to an A record until the validation is completed.Check the DNS record is live
You can verify the DNS record is live using _URL_
and selecting DNS Lookup. Enter the domain record and Choose TXT for record type if validation a RapidSSL, Geotrust, Thawte or Symantec order or CNAME for Comodo orders.Check the record is on the correct sub-domain
The DNS record should always be placed on the base domain not any sub-domain records.Check the record has not expired
The string provided to add to DNS is only valid for 7 days. If the DNS string was added 7 days after it was generated or the validation has not completed after 7 days then the string will have expired and a new one will need to be generated. At this time you will need to cancel the order and restart a new order to achieve this.


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Definition of jar :
1. A deep, broadmouthed vessel of earthenware or glass, for holding fruit, preserves, etc., or for ornamental purposes; as, a jar of honey; a rose jar.
2. A rattling, tremulous vibration or shock; a shake; a harsh sound; a discord; as, the jar of a train; the jar of harsh sounds.
3. A regular vibration, as of a pendulum.
4. A turn. [ Only in phrase.]
5. Clash of interest or opinions; collision; discord; debate; slight disagreement.
6. In deep well boring, a device resembling two long chain links, for connecting a percussion drill to the rod or rope which works it, so that the drill is driven down by impact and is jerked loose when jammed.
7. The measure of what is contained in a jar; as, a jar of oil; a jar of preserves.
8. To act in opposition or disagreement; to clash; to interfere; to quarrel; to dispute.
9. To cause a short, tremulous motion of, to cause to tremble, as by a sudden shock or blow; to shake; to shock; as, to jar the earth; to jar one's faith.
10. To give forth a rudely quivering or tremulous sound; to sound harshly or discordantly; as, the notes jarred on my ears.
11. To tick; to beat; to mark or tell off.
reorganize, quart, excite, clash, swing, fluff up, electrical shock, joggle, impact, collide, flutter, plump up, vibrate, thrill, jerking, reel, jounce, saccade, conflict, bump, blow, electric shock, agree, shock absorber, pitcher, sway, ewer, wave, stupor, waver, disaccord, rock, fluctuate, cushion, vase, bump around, flap, beaker, chalice, tremble, raise up, seismic disturbance, basin, stir up, jarful, reorganise, discord, contradict, thud, oscillate, succuss, daze, vessel, totter, crock, stimulate, brandish, shake up, contents, vex, jerk, mug, commove, urn
agitate (part of speech: verb)
container (part of speech: noun)
suitcase, container, bladder, purse, locker, pocket, drum, bottle, bucket, tray, holder, shelf, crate, bowl, stomach, vault, box, trunk, wallet, repository, cup, receptacle, bin, tank, can, cabinet, chest, storage, flask, belly, jug, reservoir, sack, pouch, pot, cupboard, drawer, decanter, bag, closet, barrel, case, ladle, vat, basket, cask
displease (part of speech: verb)
bottle (part of speech: noun)
- This was what made the jar and crash. - "The Young Forester", Zane Grey.
- As soon as it is nicely picked, put it into a jar, and cover it down very close. - "A Poetical Cook-Book", Maria J. Moss.
- He peered through this at the lamp and put the jar back. - "O. Henry Memorial Award Prize Stories of 1921", Various.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Skeletons must not be sold as Hallowe'en props, doctors warned
skeleton lantern
The Medical Defence Union said the it is sometimes asked for advice on what doctors should do if they find human remains Credit: Reuters
Human skeletons must not be sold as Halloween props, doctors have been reminded.
Current medical students use plastic replicas of skeletons in their studies, but in the past doctors used real human skeletons.
Now the Medical Defence Union (MDU) has issued guidance for medics about the use and disposal of real bones.
It said that it is occasionally asked about how to appropriately deal with human remains.
The medical defence organisation said that skeletons cannot just be sold on like any other unwanted item.
Its guidance on the disposal of skeletons reminds medics that they must maintain dignity and respect in the handling of all human bodies and tissue.
"For example, advertising a genuine human skeleton online for use as a Halloween prop could draw criticism," it states.
The document draws attention to the strict rules on the disposing of human remains.
Dr Ellie Mein, medico-legal adviser for the MDU, said: "Medical students now use plastic replicas of skeletons in their studies, but up until 30 or 40 years ago it was common for those studying medicine to use a real human skeleton.
"At the MDU we sometimes hear from doctors and their relatives who literally find a skeleton in the closet and wonder how to dispose of it sensitively.
"There are strict rules about the disposal of human remains, meaning skeletons can't just be sold on like any other unwanted item.
"In fact auctions sites such as eBay say they don't allow the sale of human body parts, skulls or bones regardless of whether they are for medical use or not.
The organisation said any disposal of body parts should be done sensitively, and with respect and dignity. This can include by incineration, separate from other clinical waste or burial.
Dr Mein said: "Another option is to donate a skeleton to a medical school for teaching purposes or give the skeleton to a medical student. However any medical school using body parts to train healthcare professionals needs the appropriate HTA licence.
"Any doctor considering disposing of a human skeleton should bear in mind that a key principle on which the Human Tissue Act is based is that all bodies, body parts or tissue should be treated with respect and dignity."


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Showing all 12 results
Dressing Up Trolleys
Dressing up trolleys are essential in an early years setting. They are perfect for hanging role play clothes or even art aprons and coveralls. Without one children are likely to throw their discarded clothes on the floor. And that does not promote good and tidy housekeeping habits in children.
Children throw themselves into dressing up because it is fun and engaging. Learning to dress up and engage in role play is something they can do on their own or with a friend. Communicating with each other is key and getting encouragement from peers is also inspiring.
It is important children are allowed to express themselves through role play because it encourages creativity and imagination. Are they going to be a princess? Or are they going to be a knight in shining armour? Perhaps they may be a ballerina or a football player? Whilst it is important children have an outlet for their creativity, likewise they need somewhere that clearly defines the imaginative area.
And don't forget the humble Dressing Up Trolley offers more than a place to hang clothes and aprons. For example, many designs come with useful storage and trays. Always handy in a busy early years environment. And the wire mobile cloakroom storage trolley remains a firm favourite with its storage tray and coat hooks.
So dressing up trolleys definitely keep clothes neat and tidy. Yet they denote the area for role play and imaginative play as well.
A reminder of the key benefits:
- inspire creativity and imagination
- provide useful hanging and storage space
- allow dressing up clothes to be kept neat and tidy
- define a specific area within the classroom


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- Wash the watermelon and other fruit with cool running water and pat dry.
- Cut a very thick 2-3 inch slice lengthwise from the watermelon center of the watermelon using the large kitchen knife and slice off a long section of the rind along the bottom to form a straight base so the slice can stand up.
- Stand the slice up to create the body of the dinosaur on the serving platter.
- From the reserved watermelon rind use a dry erase marker to draw the desired shapes for a head and tail and use the pairing knife to carefully cut the shapes out.
- Attach the head and tail to the ends of the watermelon using toothpicks.
- Take strawberries and attach them stem down, with toothpicks, to the top of the watermelon wedge to create the dinosaur spikes.
- Cut half moon slices of oranges and attach them using toothpicks to the base of the wedge, to create the feet.
- Attach raisins or champagne grapes to the oranges to resemble claws of the dinosaur and eyes.
- Garnish with cut fruit and or use cookie cutters to cut dinosaur shapes from watermelon slices.


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Stanley Park Playground at the Air India Memorial Site
The Air India Memorial playground commemorates those who perished in the 1985 Air India bombing. In respect to the 82 children that lost their lives aboard the flight, the old Ceperley playground was refurbished and provides a safe, fun, and carefree environment for children to grow.
"The children's playground symbolizes the innocence of those children who died in this tragedy. This place offers a beacon of hope to the children of today and the future," – Jayashree Thampi, who lost her husband and young daughter in the tragic attack


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Namak Surma in English
Namak Surma meaning in Urdu to English is Stibnite Namak Surma. Namak Surma synonym words are included. Similar words of Namak Surma are also commonly used in daily talks like Namak halali, Namak hilali, Azaala namak karna, and Hello jain jaissa.
Similar Words with English Meaning
Similar Words with Urdu Meaning
Stibnite Definition & Meaning in English
- (n.) A mineral of a lead-gray color and brilliant metallic luster, occurring in prismatic crystals; sulphide of antimony; -- called also antimony glance, and gray antimony.
Namak Surma Meaning in English
Urdu Word namak surma is commonly used in verbal communication or written narratives. namak surma meaning in English is Stibnite نمک سُرمہ. This Roman to Urdu Dictionary is helping those who want to learn the meaning of words from a reliable source. namak surma word meaning along with namak surma definition is given here for a better understanding of the meaning of that word. We have provided here the detailed definition of namak surma, it's meaning in English, and the correct pronunciation of the word.
Dictionary always plays a vital role in learning a new language as knowing the exact use of the word is important. Find the correct meaning of namak surma in English with all the key details that include Pronunciation, Similar words, and more than 1 definition for better understanding. Namak halali, Namak hilali, Azaala namak karna, and Hello jain jaissa are similar words of namak surma. This Roman to English dictionary is more helpful to search the English meaning without any hassle.
Top Search Words Meaning In Urdu
Browse English Words by Alphabets
Multi Language Dictionary


How to Use Cumin Seeds for Fast Weight Loss
Cumin, also known as jeera, is a spice that is used in our dishes to enhance the taste. It has an earthy and warm flavour. But, do you know that it can also help you with weight loss? Yes, that's true! Cumin has the ability to speed up your weight loss process.
Along with that it also has many other health benefits, which is why it has been used in traditional medicines for so many years now. Studies show that consumption of cumin regularly has various types of benefits for the health.
Cumin Seeds for Fast Weight Loss
Tukh Malanga Benefits for Weight Loss
Get A Flatter Stomach with This Home Remedy
weight loss
Health benefits of cumin
1. Cumin can aid your digestion by increasing the activity of the digestive enzymes in your gut.
2. Cumin seeds are rich in iron and one teaspoon of it can contain about 1.4 mg of iron.
3. Cumin can help you in managing your diabetes. 4. Cumin can be used to remove the bad cholesterols from the body.
5. Eating cumin seeds can help in reducing inflammation in the body.
6. Lastly, cumin seeds are beneficial for fat reduction and weight loss.
Cumin and weight loss
Cumin can be used for weight loss as it is an effective weight loss remedy. You can lose fat from your belly as well as your whole body within just 15-20 days by eating cumin seeds or drinking cumin water daily. Previously, a study was held in which 80 obese women were divided into two groups: 'cumin group' and 'diet control group'.
The cumin group were asked to consume cumin on a daily basis and the other group was asked to control their diet. In the end, it was found out that women who had cumin had lost a significant amount of weight as compared to others.
Cumin can help in burning calories faster by increasing the speed of metabolism and improving digestion. When you have a healthy digestive system and faster metabolism, you will automatically lose weight. So, how can you use cumin for weight loss?
How to use cumin for weight loss
There are many ways in which you can use cumin for weight loss. Some are mentioned below:
1. Cumin seeds
2. Cumin powder and yoghurt
3. Cumin powder
Boil one cup of water and add cumin powder to it. You can also add a little salt to make the drink taste better. Drink this after your meals every day for 20 days.
I Hope, these remedies work for you! Thank you for reading. Do share this article with your friends and family members who are trying to lose weight. via timesofindia
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Free Nursery Education Funding Entitlement for 2 year olds
Central Bedfordshire Council gives childcare providers the opportunity to offer 2 year old funding for up to 15 hours for eligible children.
Children will be eligible for the funding the term following their second birthday subject to the funding dates set by Central Bedfordshire Council. These can be found in the Central Bedfordshire Council's local agreement for providers offering Early Years Provision for 2, 3 and 4 year olds.
Funding is available for up to 15 hours of childcare per week for 2 year olds whose families meet one of the following criteria:
- Income Support,
- Income based Jobseekers Allowance,
- Income related Employment and Support Allowance,
- Child Tax Credits or Working Tax Credits and have an annual gross earnings of no more than £16,190,
- The guarantee element of State Pension Credit
- Support under part VI of the Immigration and Asylum Act 1999
Or they have a two year old child who
- Has a current statement of SEN or an Education, Health Care Plan,
- Receives Disability Living Allowance,
- Has left care through special guardianship or through an adoption or residence order
- Is a looked after Child
Children Centres are responsible for completing applications for 2 year old funding and have details of the eligibility criteria. Any parent who contacts you for 2 year old funding without an eligibility letter should be referred to their local Children's Centre (link opens in new window).
For full information on the guidance for providers please familiarise yourself with the following documents:


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Troubled Girls: The Reasons Behind
Updated on May 26, 2010
What makes troubled girls?
 How do they become troubled? What circumstances lead to psychological damage for girls, who can otherwise have a happy life if only a pattern of guidance is developed? These are some of the questions that this article will try to answer for those who would like to understand what it means to be troubled and how it can be solved.
First before we go any further, let us define what being troubled girls really mean. Being troubled girls can refer to girls who have difficulty interacting with people diplomatically. They are bred in such a way that they do not know how to show respect or show compassion for others. This might be due to the circumstances that surround their familial environment.
This inability to show respect by troubled girls may stem from various reasons. They may have been the objects of sexual or physical abuse that led them to lose trust in other people. This may also cause them to act out and do things that most girls their age would not normally do.
Examples of Delinquent Activities
Some examples of delinquent activities that problem girls sometimes get into are as follows.
 - Shoplifting
 - Trafficking
 - Prostitution
 - Drug addiction
These are just some examples of what troubled girls may end up doing if they are not guided well. Most of the girls who end up doing these things start out as rebellious teens who did not want to be bound by rules. Perhaps because they feel that if they follow the rules, they would not be able to get what they want out of life. Because of their adventurous spirit and disregard for rules, they have the tendency to try anything they want and believe everyone that they encounter.
Because of this, girls become troubled girls. They end up being led into the wrong path. Being troubled can be defined as having a disturbed nature. This could be the result of fear or guilt that they have, which is not yet expressed. This is why troubled girls need to have guidance in their lives so that they would not end up doing something that they would regret for the rest of their lives.
How do you treat troubled girls? Psychologists would tell you that discipline would help them gain balance and simplicity in their lives. However, this discipline should come from within. The girls should be able to talk to someone whom they can trust and be open with. If they can find this trustworthy person, they would be able to open their hearts and share what they really feel about life. Maybe they are looking for someone to share their experiences.
Once you determine the root cause of the condition, you can now help these girls deal with their various problems by allowing them to take control of the situation on their own. However, this should come at its own time. You and the counselor, or the authority figure must not force the troubled girls to share their feelings right away.
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I have modified the value of net.core.rmem_max with sysctl, and now I would like to set it back to its default value.
If I reboot, net.core.rmem_max will go back to its default value (because it is not overridden in /etc/sysctl.conf), but can I know this value without rebooting?
Ideally I should have run sysctl net.core.rmem_max to read the value before modifying it, but I forgot...
share|improve this question
2 Answers 2
This is not possible in general: the kernel does not retain the original values (at least under Linux it doesn't, and this is probably true of other unix variants). The value of the setting is stored in a variable; when you change the setting, the memory containing the variable is irreversibly updated.
For most settings, the initial value of the variable is a constant that is determined at compile time and stored in the kernel binary. So you could, in principle, inspect your kernel binary to find the default value. You would have to locate the symbol corresponding to the setting you're interested in, and follow the address of that symbol in the kernel binary. Booting your kernel in a virtual machine would be less work.
For most settings, you can look in the kernel source — kernel/sysctl.c and other files. You'll see definitions like
 .procname = "rmem_max",
 .data = &sysctl_rmem_max,
(in net/core/sysctl_net_core.c), from which you can trace the initialization of the sysctl_rmem_max variable. While this one is initialized from a constant, it takes quite a bit of reading C code to expand.
share|improve this answer
On my OpenBSD machine, /etc/sysctl.conf lists a bunch of default sysctl values, but this list is not exhaustive.
Probably the best way is to read the sysctl code or ask a friend who is running the same OS for his values :)
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text: 65 acres. One of the best examples of fen or peatland in northern Michigan. A bog is a unique type of wetland dominated by organic soil known as peat; bogs are known for unusual plants such as the carnivorous pitcher plant and sundew. This area has been the subject of many ecological studies. A 1/4-mile trail leads from the parking lot to the bog overlook and interpretive signs. Please be sensitive to the fragile nature of this ecosystem when visiting; even sporadic foot traffic off the trails can permanently damage the vegetation. The parking lot is on State Road (S. State St.) about five miles north of Harbor Springs.


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ASCE has honored Giuseppe Buscarnera, Ph.D., Aff.M.ASCE, with the 2017 Arthur Casagrande Professional Development Award for his outstanding contributions to the modeling of instability and failure in multiphase porous materials.
Buscarnera has a superior track record in both research funding and publications. His perspective on the fundamentals of engineering mechanics has proven useful for solving a wide range of practical problems in geotechnical engineering. He applies fundamental sciences – physics, chemistry, mechanics, and mathematics – to the research and solution of problems in geotechnical engineering, specifically those related to complex failure mechanisms.
Because of its breadth and fundamental nature, Buscarnera's work has a compelling range of applicability, both within the realm of classical geotechnical engineering (rainfall-induced slope instability, such as that observed in the Oso Landslide), and in areas of emerging societal importance in which geotechnical engineers should have a prominent role, including carbon dioxide sequestration and hydraulic fracturing.
The Arthur Casagrande Professional Development Award is presented in recognition of outstanding accomplishments, as evidenced by completed works, reports, or papers, in the field of geotechnical engineering. The award was established to provide professional development opportunities for outstanding young practitioners, researchers, and teachers of geotechnical engineering.


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On this page you can see How to make antarctica in Little Alchemy 2? with Guide, Hints, Cheats, Combinations and Walkthrough.
Also you can Learn what to do with Little Alchemy 2 Elements Cheat Walkthrough on Android, iPhone, iPad, Windows Phone, Windows 10 Mobile, Google Chrome or any web-browser and where its uses.
In addition on this page you can Look How to make antarctica in Little Alchemy 2? Hints, Cheats and Guide
All Little Alchemy 2 Combinations, Guide, Hints, Cheats and Walkthrough
Share Little Alchemy 2 Cheats How to make antarctica in Little Alchemy 2? Combinations answers and Hints with friends!
How to make antarctica in Little Alchemy 2?
What can you make with antarctica in Little Alchemy 2?
Walkthrough for antarctica in Little Alchemy 2
- fire + fire = energy
- earth + earth = land
- earth + land = continent
- earth + energy = earthquake
- earth + earthquake = mountain
- continent + continent = planet
- air + planet = atmosphere
- atmosphere + water = cloud
- cloud + water = rain
- mountain + rain = snow
- continent + snow = antarctica


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Homeless people who do not get enough to eat use hospitals and emergency rooms at very high rates, according to a new study. One in four respondents to a nationwide survey reported not getting enough to eat, a proportion six times higher than in the general population, and more than two thirds of those had recently gone without eating for a whole day. The report will appear in the Journal of General Internal Medicine and has been released online.
"The study is the first to highlight the association between food insufficiency and health care use in a national sample of homeless adults," says lead author Travis P. Baggett, MD, MPH, of the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) General Medicine Division. "Our results suggest a need to better understand and address the social determinants of health and health-care-seeking behavior,"
Baggett and a team of investigators at MGH and the Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program analyzed survey data from 966 adult respondents to the 2003 nationwide Health Care for the Homeless User Survey. They found that homeless people who did not have enough to eat had a higher risk of being hospitalized in a medical or psychiatric unit than did those with enough to eat and also were more likely to be frequent users of emergency rooms. Neither relationship could be explained by individual differences in illness. Nearly half of the hungry homeless had been hospitalized in the preceding year and close to one-third had used an emergency room four or more times in the same year.
Baggett explains the study was sparked by his clinical experience caring for homeless individuals. "Homeless patients with inadequate food may have difficulty managing their health conditions or taking their medications. They may postpone routine health care until the need is urgent and may even use emergency rooms as a source of food. Whether expanding food services for the very poor would ameliorate this problem is uncertain, but it begs further study." Baggett is an instructor in Medicine at Harvard Medical School.
The senior author of the JGIM study is Nancy Rigotti, MD, MGH General Medicine. Additional co-authors are James O'Connell, MD, and Monica Bharel, MD, MGH and Boston Health Care for the Homeless; Daniel Singer, MD, MGH General Medicine, and Sowmya Rao, PhD, MGH Biostatistics. The study was supported by a grant from the Health Resources and Services Administration of the Department of Health and Human Services.
Celebrating the 200th anniversary of its founding in 1811, Massachusetts General Hospital is the original and largest teaching hospital of Harvard Medical School. The MGH conducts the largest hospital-based research program in the United States, with an annual research budget of nearly $700 million and major research centers in AIDS, cardiovascular research, cancer, computational and integrative biology, cutaneous biology, human genetics, medical imaging, neurodegenerative disorders, regenerative medicine, systems biology, transplantation biology and photomedicine.
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


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The blow sensor is not only for blowing, it will generally register any bending of the piezo disk. I posted it because if it can register a bit of air, then it can probably also register the movement of an eyebrow
when attached close to it on the skin.
when you are referring to the picture here _URL_
without the resistor the voltages created by the piezo will be very high, since there is no path to ground. the input pin consumes virtually no current at all. all electrons will "queue up" in
front of that input pin. leaving the resistor out *might* damage the chip
(the chip has some protection built in, and when one pin is damaged there are often lots more left functioning anyway)
But if you take too low a resistor, the piezo will be sort of shorted to ground and you will not see a signal.
be sure to use a resistor of several megaohm, as the example says.
also, the piezo requires a 5 volts voltage difference
between it's two wires, that difference will not be there when one wire is connected to the 5Volts terminal but the other is ONLY connected to a high-impedance input pin. This setup without looks very much like a piezo with just one wire attached. the resistor closes the loop towards the Ground terminal of the board. only then will the voltage difference on the piezo be 5 volts. voltages are always "experienced" with reference to ground, and therefore you will need some connection to the ground terminal.
it's the same "experience" as grabbing the mains while on rubber tiles, compared to grabbing it when standing in a puddle ;D


text:
Change Collision Shapes
A collision shape is the surface area around an object that gets affected when two objects from different collision groups collide.
For example, even though it looks like the ball in the image on the left can clearly make it over the cone obstacle, it will actually collide with it. If you click the Collision Shape Editor button in the scene, you will see in the image on the right that the cubic collision shape of the ball will graze the top of the conic collision shape of the obstacle. If not, see Viewing Collision Shapes.
Here's what you need to know about collision shapes:
- A collision shape may be the same physical shape as the object or be of different shape, for example, a cone can have a cylinder collision shape.
- You can expand a collision shape in size, as if to add padding to the object, typically to increase the collision surface of the object.
- You can also move a collision shape away from the object.
Thus, when two assets collide, for example, when a character runs into an obstacle, it is their collision shapes that get affected, not the objects themselves.
To change a collision shape of an asset:
- On the Mind Map, double-click the World node where you want to change a collision shape of an asset.
The Scene Editor is displayed.
- On the toolbar, click the Collision Shape Editor button.
- Select the asset in the scene.
- In the Options panel on the right, in the Collision Shape field, select the shape you need.
- Mesh—A sophisticated shape, with outer and inner vertices created to reflect the shape details, such as a hole in a torus, for example, which would let objects go through it during a collision.
- Hull—A "solid" shape that reflects only the outer frame of the selected shape, without details such as a hole in a torus, for example. No objects can go through a Hull collision shape.
- If you select Mesh or Hull, in the Collision Mesh field that appears below, click the Edit icon and select the appropriate shape from Mesh Manager and click Save.


text: GitHub on December 6 explained that stolen credentials are a main cause of data breaches. To help NPM maintainers better manage their risk exposure, GitHub is introducing a granular access token type for NPM. The granular access tokens allow NPM package maintainers to restrict which packages and scopes a token has access to, grant access to specific organizations, set token expiration dates, and limit access based on IP address ranges. Users also can select read-only or read and write access. As many as 50 granular access tokens can be created on an NPM account.


Skip to definition.
Verb: ret (retted,retting) ret
 1. Place (flax, hemp, or jute) in liquid so as to promote loosening of the fibers from the woody tissue
Derived forms: rets, retting, retted
Type of: douse, dowse, drench, soak, sop, souse
Encyclopedia: Ret


text:
The previous two editions of the Security Sector Reform (SSR) Monitor: Timor-Leste have largely focused on policing issues and SSR policy respectively. The justice system should not be overlooked as a fundamental component of the security sector, however, in assessing SSR in Timor-Leste. In particular, the ongoing backlog of prosecution cases has an impact on policing authority on the ground and overall public trust in the rule of law system. With its focus on the justice system in Timor-Leste, this edition of the SSR Monitor will provide a brief background on the institutional development of the justice system to introduce the current context and discuss salient issues and future plans for the national justice system.
Timor-Leste's national justice system was effectively set up in 1999 and, understandably, remains in a developing state with immense obstacles to still be overcome. Improving access to the formal justice system, in particular, will be an important challenge, especially in remote communities that, due to the lack of police and judicial reach, often rely on various informal justice mechanisms.
Although many long-term challenges remain in establishing a credible, independent and effective justice system, signs of progress are recognizable. After several years of acute centralization and dysfunction, the recent approval of a comprehensive strategic planning framework for justice sector development represents a significant step forward for the justice sector. Indeed, a number of important issues are being addressed, with the potential to lead to positive changes for the long-term development of the justice sector.
Other positive signs include an increase in the number of national judicial actors conducting court proceedings, which should help address language issues, and efforts to improve the functioning of the district courts, which will provide better access to justice to those previously excluded from the formal justice system.


-A +A
BALISTIKA 2010 : An Automated Firearms Identification System for Forensic Laboratories
BALISTIKA® 2010 is a ballistic image analysis and recognition system with the following characteristics:
High matching performance, user friendly, scalable, capable of extracting and using 3-dimensional data, based on a relational database relating bullets, cartridge cases, firearms, incidences and individuals.
Firearms leave unique marks on fired bullets and cartridge cases when they are used. When the marks on two bullets or cartridge cases are compared, one can determine whether these have been fired from the same firearm or not. In this way, the relations between different events can be established. Comparing cartridge cases or bullets to match those fired from the same firearm is a time consuming and a painstaking task that requires continuous attention.
When the number of evidences to be examined and the archive of evidences are large, then manual comparison becomes virtually impossible. Balistika® 2010 is a project to solve this problem. Balistika® 2010 enables matching cartridge cases and bullets automatically at a high matching performance.
BALISTIKA is a system developed by TUBITAK UZAY, consisting of the software and the hardware, which acquires the 3D data of the cartridge cases and bullets using photometric stereo method, saves this data in the database together with the accompanying metadata, is capable of saving the information about the cases, persons, firearms in addition to the cartridge case and bullet data, compares these by extracting features data from 3D data and gives the probability of them being sisters, is capable of distributing the load of correlation task among the computers within the system, is capable of performing data communications with the other BALISTIKA installations, provides computerized cartridge case and bullet correlation.
BALISTIKA is a ballistic mark image analysis and recognition system. BALISTIKA has three main functions:
1. Data Acquisition: provides the creation of high quality images by means of smart software and hardware.
2. Query and Visualizing: provides the correlation of the created images with the previous data and analyze.
3. Evidence Matching: provides the storage of the information about the images, evidence, cases and individuals by means of server unit and opportunity of matching.


text:
A cow/goat/donkey is tethered to a building/fence/post in a field...Answers to a number of similar questions can be found in the Dr. Math archives (see below for a list). We'll show you a few of them and we encourage you to explore the others.
From: Doctor Anthony
This problem comes up from time to time in the guise of the length of the rope required to tether a goat (instead of a donkey) on the boundary of a circular field such that the goat can eat exactly half the grass in the field.
Here is a diagram to refer to while we go through the working:
Draw a circle with suitable radius r.
Now take a point C on the circumference and with a slightly larger radius R draw an arc of a circle to cut the first circle in points A and B. Join AC and BC.
Let O be the centre of the first circle of radius r. Let angle OCA = x (radians). This will also be equal to angle OCB.
The area we require is made up of a sector of a circle radius R with angle 2x at the centre, C, of this circle, plus two small segments of the first circle of radius r cut off by the chords AC and BC.
The area of the sector of circle R is (1/2)R^2*2x = R^2*x
The area of the two segments
= r^2[pi - 2x - sin(2x)]
We add the two elements of area and equate to (1/2)pi*r^2
4x*cos^2(x) + pi - 2x - sin(2x) = (1/2)pi
4x*cos^2(x) + (1/2)pi - 2x - sin(2x) = 0
Newton-Raphson is a suitable method for solving this equation, using a starting value for x at about 0.7 radians.
The solution I get is x = 0.95284786466 and from this cos(x) = 0.579364236509
and so finally R/r = 2cos(x) = 1._PHONE_
From: Dr. Ken
I have made a sketch of this problem using The Geometer's Sketchpad:
Basically, the shape of the grazing area is circular with a little chunk out of it. In my drawing, the barn looks like this:
COW / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / ____________/ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |____________|With this setup, the chunk that's missing from the grazing circle is in the lower lefthand corner. The right half of the grazing area, then, is just the area of the semicircle, which is 1250. To find the area of the remaining grazing area (including the area of the barn, which you subtract later), you use integration.
Do you see how the grazing area in the lower lefthand corner is the intersection of two circles? You need to find that intersection point, integrate to find the area of the grazing area to the left of the intersection point, and then do the same to the area to the right of the intersection point.
From: Dr. Peterson
Let's say that the cow is x feet from one end of the longer wall of the barn and y = 20-x feet from the other:
The heavy curve in the figure shows the maximum extent of the cow's range, which consists of several arcs of circles. First there is an arc of radius 50 centered at the tether point P; then when the rope wraps around either corner of the barn, it follows an arc of 50-x or 50-y feet respectively, centered at that corner (A or D); when it wraps around another corner (B or C) the radius becomes 50-x-10 or 50-y-10 respectively.
We don't need to worry about all these arcs, because the last few overlap and do not add any area to the region that can be grazed. (You'll have to be careful to determine which arcs intersect for a given location of P.) The total area consists of:
So how do we find where the circles intersect? Applying the Law of Cosines to triangle BQD, we can find angles BDQ and DBQ; and since we know angles ADB and ABD, we can determine the angles we need for the two sectors. There's some work left to do, but it's all doable, and it will be easier if x is a constant rather than a variable.
Finally, if the rope is short enough (less than half the perimeter of the barn), the problem simplifies immensely. With no overlap to consider, the area is merely the sum of halfand quarter-circles:
More from the Dr. Math archives:
Math Forum Home || Math Library || Quick Reference || Math Forum Search


text:
Silver Hake is a fast-growing cod-like-fish found from Newfoundland to South Carolina. Two populations occur in U.S. waters, with the northern population having medium abundance while the southern population has low abundance. The US populations are managed by the New England Fishery Management Council under a small mesh multispecies management plan. The Hake fishery off the Scotian Shelf is managed by Fisheries and Oceans Canada, and abundance appears to be low.
Silver Hake is primarily caught in bottom trawls, which cause substantial damage to the seafloor. Bycatch is low due to the use of selective gear and area restrictions.
This fish may have high levels of mercury that could pose a health risk to adults and children. More mercury info here.


text: When grouped together, radiocarbon determinations from heat-retainer hearths from western New South Wales decrease in frequency with age. One interpretation for this pattern is that it reflects an increase in the frequency of occupation, and perhaps ultimately an increase in Aboriginal populations in this region during the late Holocene. An alternative explanation is that the increase in frequency reflects the differential preservation of the land surfaces on which the hearths are found. According to this explanation, the pre-servation of ancient surfaces itself decreases with time, with the destruction of ancient records of occupation accounting for the relatively recent skew in the age distribution of heat-retainer hearths. We test these hypotheses by comparing the distribution of hearth radiocarbon ages against the distribution of ages obtained from samples associated with buried human remains from western New South Wales. Samples obtained by excavating buried deposits should not be subject to the same range of erosion processes that have affected surface deposits. Therefore the samples from buried deposits are able to act as a control against which the distribution of hearth ages can be evaluated. Results indicate that age estimates obtained from human burials have a distribution different from those obtained from hearths, supporting the conclusion that the decrease in hearth frequency with age is a product of geomorphic preservation rather than cultural change.


text:
Use division to perform parameter optimization for fixed-point net slope computation with Fixed-Point Designer™. You can perform net slope computation using a rational approximation of the net slope. This results in an integer multiplication and/or division when simplicity and accuracy conditions are met, and this optimization can improve numerical accuracy and lead to more efficient code generation.
You can also select a web site from the following list:
Select the China site (in Chinese or English) for best site performance. Other MathWorks country sites are not optimized for visits from your location.


text:
The Legend Behind the Origin of Thrikkakara Temple
The Sthala purana gives a brief description of how the Thrikkakara temple came to be. The legend says that once Kapila Maharishi was searching for a suitable place for doing his tapas. He reached Thrikkakarai and was taken in by the scenic splendor of the place. Yet he noticed that there was no water resource anywhere near the place. Therefore, he dug a tank and grew lotuses and sengaalineer flower in the tank. These are the two types of flowers used for worshipping Lord Vishnu. The Rishi settled down in the place and used these flowers for worshipping the lord. In due course, pleased with his prayers the lord appeared before him. Kapila Maharishi then requested Vishnu to stay in the place so that other devotees may also have similar darshan.


select random element
 ') e# push ')' char
 - \$\begingroup\$ Doesn't work on the example where gif/jif is followed by a comma. \$\endgroup\$ – Michael Boger Dec 7 '17 at 0:22
Python 3, 237 bytes
lambda s,g,j:' '.join([(w if False in(w[0]in q,w[1:2]in['i','I'],w[2:3]in['f','F'],w[3:]in",;!?.")else q[w[0]]+w[1:3]+" (as in "+choice(g if w[0]in 'jJ'else j)+')'+w[3:])for w in s.split()])
from random import*
Try it online!
This is the best I can do -- might be some way to do it quicker (probably with regexes) but my brain hurts now.
Explanation: q is a simple dictionary mapping, I hope that's clear. s,g,j are the input string, the list of g-words, and the list of j-words.''.join joins together the list comprehension done across for w in s.split() is therefore for the list of words in s.
The middle bit is black magic, which I'll break down piecewise. First, the condition: False in(w[0]in q,w[1:2]in['i','I'],w[2:3]in['f','F'],w[3:]in",;!.").
w[0]in q checks the first character is in the keys of q which are 'g','G','j','J'. The reason for separating out q as a variable is we also use it as a dict/map later.
w[1:2]in ['i','I'] checks that the second character is either i or I. The :2 is necessary because just putting w[1] would result in a crash on 1-letter words, but slices don't do that for some reason (I thought they did, whatever!)
w[2:3]in ['f','F'] is analogous. I briefly had this as just 2: before I realized I needed to account for gif, or jif, followed by punctuation!
w[3:]in",;!?." checks that the subsequent character(s) are punctuation. I admit my code doesn't work if someone puts 'gif?!' but I can't be perfect. Someone else can take up the challenge of opening quotes before gif or jif, too.
False in(,,,) is basically a big NAND. It's actually the same bytecount as separating four items with and and swapping the arguments, but this looks cooler and works better if you have to extend it to a fifth anded thing.
w if means that if False is in the conditional-list, we just return the word unchanged -- it doesn't meet our criteria. else, we change it to:
OK. q[w[0]] substitutes the first letter correctly. w[1:3] tacks on the i or I and f or F, w[3:] tacks on any trailing punctuation. That leaves the as in clause.
" (as in "+choice(g if w[0]in 'jJ'else j)+')' puts in the obvious string literal at the start and the trailing parenthesis, the interesting bit here is choice(g if w[0]in 'jJ'else j) which randomly chooses from g or j, depending on if w[0] is in 'jJ'. and I just realized I had this bit backwards so fixing that throughout, done.
It's been a long day. choice is in the random module hence the import. I think that's everything.
JavaScript (ES6), 142 bytes
(s,g,j,r=l=>l[Math.random()*l.length|0])=>s.replace(/\b[gj]if\b/gi,w=>'GJgj'[l='JGjg'.search(w[0])]+w.slice(1)+' (as in ${r([g,j,g,j][l])})')
Takes separate g and j word lists.
Javascript(ES6), 151 bytes
f=(s,g,j)=>s.replace(/\b(g|j)(if)\b/ig,(m,p,c)=>'${a=g,p=="j"?"g":p=="J"?"G":(a=j,p=="g"?"j":"J")}${c}(as in ${a[Math.floor(Math.random()*a.length)]})')
I probably can golf down the ternary part more, but I can't think of how right now. Also, it takes the g and j words separately.
Your Answer


text:
Media & Technology > Gender Research > Projects
Youth, Gender and Pornography in the Nordic Countries
During recent years, pornography has become increasingly more visible in the media. The phenomenon is usually referred to as "pornophication of public space" and has created a fierce debate in the Nordic countries, as well as concern among parents and teachers on what effects the increasing - and not always voluntary - exposure to pornography might have on children and teenagers. The study's primary focus is the increased spread of pornography, and what effects this might produce on young girls' and boys' interpretations of gender. The study aims at revealing possible connections between teenagers' exposure to pornography and their attitudes towards gender and power.


text: With the increasing demands of energy efficiency and environment protection, composite materials have become an important alternative for traditional materials. Composite materials offer many advantages over traditional materials including: low density, high strength, high stiffness to weight ratio, excellent durability, and design flexibility. Despite all these advantages, composite materials have not been as widely used as expected because of the complexity and cost of the manufacturing process. One of the main causes is associated with poor dimensional control. General curved composite parts are often used as the structural components in the composite industry. Due to the anisotropic material nature, process-induced dimensional variations make it difficult for tighttolerance control and limit the use of composites. This research aims to develop a practical approach for the design of general curved composite parts and assembly. First, the closed-form solution for the process-induced dimensional variations, which is commonly called spring-in, was derived. For a general curved composite part, a Structural Tree Method (STM) was developed to divide the curve into a number of pieces and calculate the dimensional variations sequentially. This method can be also applied to an assembly of composite parts. The approach was validated through a case study. The method presented in this paper provides a convenient and practical tool for the dimensional and tolerance analysis in the early design stage of general curved composite parts and assembly, which is extremely useful for the realization of affordable tight tolerance composites. It also provides the foundation of Integrated Product/Process Development (IPPD) and Design for Manufacturing/Assembly (DFM/DFA) for composites.


text:
In the dynamic world of augmented reality games, Niantic has played a pivotal role in creating immersive experiences for players. One of the lesser-known but crucial aspects of this ecosystem is Niantic Wayfarer, a platform where players can contribute to the ever-growing database of in-game locations.
However, gaining access to Wayfarer involves passing a test designed to assess your knowledge of valid and eligible points of interest. This article will provide you with insights into the Niantic Wayfarer Test Answers for 2023, ensuring you're well-prepared to become a Wayfinder.
Related: Book 10 Test 2 Reading Answers
- Sample Niantic Wayfarer Test Answers 2023
- What is the Niantic Wayfarer?
- Importance of Niantic Wayfarer Test Answers
- How to Access Niantic Wayfarer
- Preparing for the Niantic Wayfarer Test
- Niantic Wayfarer Test Answers 2023
- Tips for Success in the Niantic Wayfarer Test
- Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Benefits of Becoming a Wayfinder
- Final Thoughts
Sample Niantic Wayfarer Test Answers 2023
- Question: Is it acceptable to submit a location that is not publicly accessible?
- Answer: No, all Points of Interest must be in publicly accessible locations to ensure player safety.
- Question: Can a private residence be considered a valid Point of Interest?
- Answer: No, private residences are not eligible as Points of Interest.
- Question: What should you do if you come across an existing location that has been incorrectly categorized?
- Answer: You can submit an edit request to correct any inaccuracies in the categorization of a Point of Interest.
- Question: Why is it important to provide accurate information when submitting a location?
- Answer: Accurate information ensures that players have a reliable and enjoyable experience when interacting with Points of Interest in the game.
By familiarizing yourself with these key categories and sample questions, you'll be better prepared to tackle the Niantic Wayfarer Test and become a Wayfinder.
What is the Niantic Wayfarer?
Niantic Wayfarer is a community-driven platform that empowers players to suggest new locations and review existing ones for Niantic's augmented reality games like Pokémon GO, Ingress, and Harry Potter: Wizards Unite. It acts as the gateway for players to directly influence the in-game experience by adding or improving Points of Interest (POIs) in their local areas.
Importance of Niantic Wayfarer Test Answers
Before delving into the specifics of the test, it's crucial to understand the significance of the Niantic Wayfarer Test Answers. This test serves as a quality control mechanism, ensuring that only accurate and reliable information is added to the game world.
By becoming proficient in the answers, you not only increase your chances of becoming a Wayfinder but also contribute to the overall improvement of the in-game experience for millions of players worldwide.
- 1. Maintaining Data Accuracy: Niantic's games thrive on providing accurate information about points of interest. The Wayfarer Test acts as a filter to ensure that only valid and reliable locations are added to the game world. This helps maintain the integrity of the gaming experience.
- 2. Enhancing the Player Experience: Accurate and meaningful points of interest contribute to a richer gameplay experience. Players rely on these locations for various in-game activities, and having the correct information ensures that they can fully engage with the game.
- 3. Community Trust and Contribution: Players trust Niantic's commitment to quality, and by passing the Wayfarer Test, you become a trusted contributor to the community. This trust is essential for the continued growth and success of the Wayfarer platform.
- 4. Reducing Reviewer Workload: Validating and correcting submissions is a time-consuming process. By providing accurate answers, you contribute to reducing the workload on reviewers, allowing them to focus on more complex evaluations.
- 5. Global Impact: Your contributions through Wayfarer have a global reach. By ensuring the accuracy of points of interest, you play a part in enhancing the experiences of players from different parts of the world.
- 6. Promoting Responsible Gaming: The Wayfarer Test promotes responsible gaming practices. It encourages players to be knowledgeable about their surroundings and to contribute in a way that benefits the entire gaming community.
Mastering the Niantic Wayfarer Test Answers is not only a key step in gaining access to the Wayfarer platform, but it also holds broader significance in maintaining the quality and integrity of the augmented reality gaming experience. Your contributions play a vital role in creating a vibrant and accurate in-game environment.
How to Access Niantic Wayfarer
Getting started with Niantic Wayfarer is a straightforward process. Firstly, ensure that you have a valid account for any of the supported games: Pokémon GO, Ingress, or Harry Potter: Wizards Unite. Once you have an active account, follow these steps to access Wayfarer:
- Open the Game App: Launch the respective game (Pokémon GO, Ingress, or Harry Potter: Wizards Unite) on your mobile device.
- Navigate to Settings: Look for the "Settings" option in the game menu.
- Find Wayfarer: Within the settings, there should be a section labeled "Niantic Wayfarer" or a similar term. Click on it.
- Read and Accept Terms: Familiarize yourself with the terms and conditions of Wayfarer. Once done, accept them.
- Start Contributing: You are now ready to start contributing to the Wayfarer platform.
Preparing for the Niantic Wayfarer Test
Before attempting the Niantic Wayfarer Test, it's essential to be well-prepared. This involves understanding the criteria for valid Points of Interest and becoming familiar with the types of questions that may be asked.
Understanding Test Criteria
The test primarily evaluates your knowledge of what constitutes a valid Point of Interest. Key criteria include:
- Historical or Cultural Significance: The location should have some form of historical, cultural, or educational value.
- Safe and Accessible: It should be in a safe and publicly accessible location.
- No Private Residences: Points of Interest should not be located in private residences.
- No Duplicate Submissions: Avoid submitting locations that already exist in the database.
Familiarizing with Test Questions
While the specific questions may change over time, they generally revolve around the criteria mentioned above. Take time to review and understand these guidelines before taking the test.
Niantic Wayfarer Test Answers 2023
Now that you understand the importance of the Niantic Wayfarer Test, let's delve into the specific answers you'll need for success. While the questions may vary, they generally fall into key categories. Here are some sample questions along with their corresponding answers:
Key Categories of Questions
- Historical Significance:
- Question: What defines a location with historical significance?
- Answer: A location with historical significance is one that has played a noteworthy role in the past, such as a monument, landmark, or site of cultural importance.
- Safety and Accessibility:
- Question: Why is it important for a Point of Interest to be safe and accessible?
- Answer: A safe and accessible location ensures that players can visit it without encountering risks or trespassing on private property.
- Cultural Relevance:
- Question: How can a location be culturally relevant?
- Answer: A location is culturally relevant if it holds meaning or significance to a particular community or group of people.
- Avoiding Duplicates:
- Question: Why should you avoid submitting duplicate locations?
- Answer: Submitting duplicate locations can clutter the database and waste reviewer time. It's important to only suggest new and unique Points of Interest.
Tips for Success in the Niantic Wayfarer Test
In addition to knowing the answers, there are some essential tips that can increase your chances of success in the Niantic Wayfarer Test:
- Read Carefully: Take your time to thoroughly read and understand each question before providing an answer.
- Stay Updated: Stay informed about any changes or updates to the criteria for Points of Interest.
- Learn from Feedback: If your submissions are not accepted, pay attention to the feedback provided by reviewers to improve your future submissions.
- Collaborate with the Community: Engage with the Wayfarer community to learn from others' experiences and gain valuable insights.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
While preparing for the Niantic Wayfarer Test, it's equally important to be aware of common pitfalls that can lead to unsuccessful submissions. Here are some mistakes to steer clear of:
1. Lack of Research
Mistake: Failing to research and understand the history or cultural significance of a location can lead to incorrect submissions.
Solution: Take the time to gather information about a potential Point of Interest before submitting it.
2. Ignoring Safety Guidelines
Mistake: Suggesting locations that are not safe or publicly accessible can result in rejected submissions.
Solution: Ensure that all suggested locations meet the safety and accessibility criteria.
3. Neglecting Duplicate Checks
Mistake: Failing to verify if a location already exists in the database can lead to duplicate submissions.
Solution: Use the search function in Wayfarer to check if a location has already been added.
4. Providing Incomplete Information
Mistake: Submitting locations with incomplete or inaccurate information can hinder the review process.
Solution: Double-check all details and provide comprehensive information about the suggested Point of Interest.
5. Disregarding Reviewer Feedback
Mistake: Ignoring or not implementing feedback from reviewers can lead to persistent submission issues.
Solution: Take the time


text:
Skip the mid-term in history: U of T students adopt 200 year old diets from Southeast Asia
November 30, 2016
In HIS346H Rice and Spice in Southeast Asia: a Regional Food History, Professor Nhung Tran teaches her undergraduate students through an experiential learning project. After choosing from a list of people living in different regions of Southeast Asia during the seventeenthand nineteenthcenturies (e.g. Javanese sugar factory worker), students then research and adopt the diet of that person for four days. To learn more about students' experiences on diets of rice, sweet potatoes and fish, read further here: Faculty of Arts & Science News.


text:
Difference between Merge Raster Layers and Build Virtual Raster in QGis?Geographic Information Systems
What is a virtual raster QGIS?
A virtual raster (VRT) is a special type of file that references one or more existing raster datasets and combines them into a single virtual layer.
Can you merge raster layers in QGIS?
QGIS uses the the GDAL merge tool, which is a very fast and efficient tool, to merge multiple raster layers. To merge raster layers in QGIS open the Merge tool from the raster menu, then select the raster layers to merge together, specify an output location and click run.
How do I merge raster in QGIS?
QGIS: Raster Merging
- In the QGIS Browser Panel, select the GeoTiffs you want to merge and right click to add them to the main window.
- Select Raster > Miscellaneous > Merge.
- In the Merge dialogue window, for Input files, browse to your directory containing your GeoTiff tiles.
How do I combine two raster layers?
Open the Mosaic To New Raster tool by navigating to ArcToolbox > Data Management Tools > Raster > Raster Dataset.
- Insert the raster files.
- Select the output location.
- Specify a name and extension for the output.
- Specify the pixel type.
- Specify the number of bands.
What is a virtual raster?
A virtual raster is a special type of raster whose pixel values are created upon request during data processing or visualization. Its memory footprint includes a reference to a source raster along with details of how the source pixel values will be modified in order to create new pixels.
What are the two types of raster data?
There are two types of raster data: continuous and discrete. An example of discrete raster data is population density. Continuous data examples are temperature and elevation measurements. There are also three types of raster datasets: thematic data, spectral data, and pictures (imagery).
What is the difference between merge and mosaic raster?
In the case of MERGE, the sequence of input grids determines the values assigned to cells, giving priority to those entered first. For MOSAIC, overlapping areas were blended to make a smooth transition and the sequence of entry is irrelevant (if on each overlapping area no more than two grids intersect).
What is merge in QGIS?
QGIS Introduction: Merge Shapefiles
Merging data can be necessary when you obtain vector data from multiple sources. In QGIS, the data need to be the data same type (i.e. all polygons or all points) and in one folder with no other data.
How do I merge layers in QGIS?
Quote from video: Okay often in qgis we might may find ourselves with a situation where we have four different layers. These are just countries and they just come in my background mapping. And so it's not really that
What is a virtual field in QGIS?
Virtual fields are a pure QGIS concept. The data provider (your database) does not know the slightest bit about their existence. Virtual fields are just put "on top of" the real data, their values are temporarily regenerated by QGIS every time they are required somewhere.
What is a virtual layer in QGIS?
A special kind of vector layer allows you to define a layer as the result of an advanced query, using the SQL language on any number of other vector layers that QGIS is able to open. These layers are called virtual layers: they do not carry data by themselves and can be seen as views to other layers.
What is VRT in QGIS?
Description. Builds a VRT (Virtual Dataset) that is a mosaic of the list of input GDAL-supported rasters. With a mosaic you can merge several raster files. The algorithm is derived from the GDAL buildvrt utility.
- Compaction in the Rock Cycle: Understanding the Process Behind Sedimentary Rock Formation
- Crystallization in the Water Cycle: A Fundamental Process in Water Distribution and Purification
- Understanding Crystallization in the Rock Cycle: A Fundamental Process in Rock Formation
- SQL Server to Google Maps
- Stereo-pair Image Registration
- Extracting Lat/Lng from Shapefile using OGR2OGR/GDAL
- Constructing query in Nominatim
- In Ogr2OGR: what is SRS?
- Identifying port numbers for ArcGIS Online Basemap?
- Remove unwanted regions from map data QGIS
- Waiting for Vector & WFS loading
- Adding TravelTime as Impedance in ArcGIS Network Analyst?
- Listing total number of features into an ArcGIS Online feature pop-up
- Tile large raster file in QGIS


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The LinkURL parameter specifies a URL link to be associated with a stamp. You need to include the LinkURL parameter in the stamp file for text stamps. Example below:
Note: If you wish to apply a LinkURL to a JPEG or TIFF image, you must create two stamp items in your stamp file. The first stamp item must be the image and the second stamp item must be the LinkURL you wish to stamp on the image.


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This topic deserves special attention because many people from database designers to application developers (sometimes one person does both) do not get it right. A Many-to-Many relationship occurs when each instance from the entity on the left can have many instances from the entity on the right, and vice versa.
Some examples of many-to-many relationships are as follows:
- Each order can contain many items. Each item can also belong to many orders as it can be purchased by different customers.
- Each student can be signed up for many coursers. Each course can be assigned to multiple students.
Incorrect implementation of many-to-many relationships
We see this problem when people are trying to use foreign keys to solve this problem. Let's illustrate it with the second example listed above as follows:
What we are trying to say here is that each student can take many courses and that each course can be taken by many students. So to implement this we have put a FK to the student table which will point to the course table.
Do you see any problems with this?
- Yes!!! we will have repeated student rows for each different course a student is taking.
- At the moment you do this your database would no longer be in 3NF because we would have repeated groups.
- This issue above can potentially yield to update anomalies.
- This relationship is said to be unresolved.
Correct implementation of many-to-many relationships
In order to correct the many-to-many implementation above we have to resolve relationship. This is done as follows:
- By adding another table between the two entities; this table is called associative entity or intersection table.
- By making the PK of the associative entity a composite key that consist of each of the parent's PK (We are using Identifying relationship).
- By naming the intersection table as follows (not required by DBMS, but suggested): ENTITYA_ENTITYB. In our case STUDENT_COURSE or STUDENT_COURSE_REL.
- By Changing the cardinality of the parent tables to be One-to-Many to the associative entity.
Let's see it in action:
What improvements do you see?
- The student is defined once so we avoid duplicate data.
- The courses are defined once and we avoid the same problem as if we would have put the FK in the course table in scenario #1.
- We do not run the risk of update anomalies.
- We can add meaningful fields in the associative entity. Those are called the Fixed Intersection data.
Alert: The FID will become your FACT tables and the parent entities would become your DIMENSION tables in OLAP database structures. Dimensional modeling is a different modeling technique which uses a lot of denormalization so that you can yield better query performance as data is only 1 join away at most.


text: Linearization based controllers for incompressible flows have been proven to work in theory and in simulations. To realize such a controller numerically, the infinite dimensional system has to be linearized and discretized. The unavoidable consistency errors add a small but critical uncertainty to the controller model which will likely make it fail, especially when an observer is involved. Standard robust controller designs can compensate small uncertainties if they can be qualified as a coprime factor perturbation of the plant. We show that for the linearized Navier-Stokes equations, a linearization error can be expressed as a coprime factor perturbation and that this perturbation smoothly depends on the size of the linearization error. In particular, improving the linearization makes the perturbation smaller so that, eventually, standard robust controller will stabilize the system.


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A type is LessThanComparable if it is ordered: it must be possible to compare two objects of that type using operator<, and operator< must be a strict weak ordering relation.
|X||A type that is a model of LessThanComparable|
|x, y, z||Object of type X|
Consider the relation!(x < y) &&!(y < x). If this relation is transitive (that is, if!(x < y) &&!(y < x) &&!(y < z) &&!(z < y) implies!(x < z) &&!(z < x)), then it satisfies the mathematical definition of an equivalence relation. In this case, operator< is a strict weak ordering.
If operator< is a strict weak ordering, and if each equivalence class has only a single element, then operator< is a total ordering.
|Name||Expression||Type requirements||Return type|
|Less||x < y||Convertible to bool|
|Less||x < y||x and y are in the domain of <|
|Irreflexivity||x < x must be false.|
|Antisymmetry||x < y implies!(y < x) |
|Transitivity||x < y and y < z implies x < z |
 Only operator< is fundamental; the other inequality operators are essentially syntactic sugar.
 Antisymmetry is a theorem, not an axiom: it follows from irreflexivity and transitivity.
 Because of irreflexivity and transitivity, operator< always satisfies the definition of a partial ordering. The definition of a strict weak ordering is stricter, and the definition of a total ordering is stricter still.
Revised 05 December, 2006
|Copyright © 2000||Jeremy Siek, Univ.of Notre Dame (_EMAIL_)|
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at _URL_


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Reverse engineering of a centrifugal turbine housing
Rossouw, Marius Christiaan
MetadataShow full item record
The Garrett GT 42 turbine housing is a spheroidal ductile cast iron casting, which according to the ASME B31.3 (1996) Code for Pressure Piping, does not satisfy the Pebble Bed Micro Model (PBMM) design requirements. By using Geometrical Reverse Engineering (GRE) methods, a 3-D virtual model, and if required, a mould of the existing design can be created to recast a turbine housing in a suitable material. The aim of this research was to study, evaluate, identify and implement the most promising method(s) to reverse engineer the Garrett GT 42 turbine housing without destroying it in the process. GRE advantages and limitations influenced by practical contact (tactile) and non-contact data acquisition problem areas provided evaluation guidelines that assisted in the allocation of Computed Tomography (CT) as the most promising method to reverse engineer the turbine housing. X-ray and neutron CT were implemented. Neutron Computed Tomography (NCT) using CADKEY® V21 CAD modelling software at the SAFARI-1 nuclear reactor, NECSA, produced the most favourable 3-D NURBs model, which had a geometrical external accuracy of 95% and a volumetric internal accuracy of 94%. It was verified by comparing the results with an 87% geometrical externaland 85% volumetric internal accurate 3-D NURBs model created by the implementation of an alternative contact GRE method, i.e. geometrical inspection and measurements.
- ETD@PUK


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Breckenridge to take water from Miner's Creek to replace Blue River water used higher in the basin
By Bob Berwyn
SUMMIT COUNTY — While the big trans-mountain water diversions to the Front Range tend to get most of the attention, Summit County's hillsides are also laced with smaller ditches and channels that move water out of their natural drainages for agriculture, municipal use or snowmaking.
Some of these diversions are more than 100 years old, dating back to the mining era. Last week, the town of Breckenridge got the Forest Service OK to divert water from Miner's Creek, a Frisco-area stream, up to the North Barton Gulch drainage, where it will flow into the Upper Blue to make up for water that's used elsewhere in the basin.
Blue River resident Robin Theobald discovered the old diversion ditch more than 10 years ago and notified the town, which decided to take advantage of that flow to enhance its own water portfolio.
The water would be shunted about 2,400 feet from Miners Creek to North Barton Creek and back into the Blue River. The diversion would enable Breckenridge to take more water from the Blue River upstream while still meeting minimum stream flow requirements in the Blue River between the town and Dillon Reservoir.
The historic ditch has been carrying water from Miners Creek to Barton Creek since the mining era, but the flow is not formally controlled or measured.
When Breckenridge first applied for formal water rights to the Miner's Creek flows, it raised some hackles with a group of residents in the Bill's Ranch neighborhood. They were concerned that the diversion could affect trout in Miner's Creek, as well as ditches and ponds in their neighborhood.
Since then, a settlement agreement limited the amount of water Breckenridge can divert while maintaining a minimum stream flow in Miner's Creek.


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This study investigates the workings of three higher education partnerships with Holmesglen Institute – a public Technical and Further Education (TAFE) provider based in Melbourne, Australia. Anecdotally, some such partnerships succeed more than others, but no systematic study has yet been conducted to support that claim empirically, possibly because partnership performance is difficult to measure. Partnerships often have multiple objectives, and their performance can be analysed at different levels. A further performance problem concerns whether organisations can build partnership management capability for beneficial outcomes. The study therefore sought to answer two questions: 1. Why are some partnerships more successful than others? 2. How can organisations build institutional capability to enhance partnership management and success? These questions were investigated using an explanatory mixed methods approach (Creswell & Plano Clark,2011) comprising two distinct stages – a purposive online survey, followed by face-to-face interviews with a sample of the survey population. Data from the survey and interviews was analysed and integrated in a case study (Mills,2014; Yin,2009),which also incorporated comparative assessments of management practices by contrasting the relative performance of different partnerships against the same success factors. Overall, the study's findings corroborate those in the literature (mostly focused on generic organisational and corporate partnerships, with little available for the higher education sector) that: 1. Inter-organisational partnerships are established to meet a variety of needs. 2. Partnerships undergo several phases as they develop and evolve. 3. Leadership, governance structures and clear processes are needed for their effective management and operation. 4. Partnership performance is influenced by many, often inter-related factors. 5. Organisations can develop their capability to enhance partnership management through several mechanisms: greater (prior) experience, dedicated alliance functions, and deliberate learning processes. The findings also suggest that engaging in partnerships is rarely straightforward; alongside the desire to collaborate, there may be competition, conflict, contradiction, and sensitivities, which leaders need to anticipate and manage. Theoretical considerations for the study stimulated the adaptation of a conceptual framework from existing organisational constructs, while the implications offer lessons for professional practice: 1. Sufficient planning time should be allocated before starting a partnership. 2. Preferably, collaboration should start small, then grow progressively. 3. Effective leadership and clear, consistent and fair governance mechanisms are necessary for providing direction, and smooth running of a partnership. 4. Open, frequent communication between and within partner organisations helps to build trust, a critical success factor. 5. Partnerships need close monitoring and regular review to ensure they stay on track to achieve agreed goals and objectives. 6. Partnerships should ideally have a mediumto long-term focus. 7. Capability building for partnership management should be an integral part of overall organisational strategy. 8. Partnerships require constant nurturing and perseverance to be successful. Although perhaps limited in generalisability to other sectors and institutions, this study contributes to the body of knowledge on inter-organisational partnerships by systematically developing and testing an integrated conceptual framework to further understanding of the complex workings of partnerships, particularly in the public higher education sector.
|Date of Award||2017|
|Supervisor||Mike Gaffney (Supervisor), Misty Kirby (Supervisor) & Peter Copeman (Supervisor)|


Psychologist World
Leading Questions: How Interviewers Influence Eyewitness Testimonies
Leading Questions: How Interviewers Influence Eyewitness Testimonies
A leading question is one which leads or persuades a person towards giving a particular response. The way in which a question is 'framed' - the use of particular wording and limiting the range of acceptable answers - can direct a person to giving an answer that lacks the accuracy of one provided in response to an open-ended question.
For example, the following question may be considered to be leading:
Did you see the man in the black-and-white overalls?
The use of the definite article in the question ("the man" instead of "a man") implies that there was a man in black and white overalls. The respondent may be inclined to positively confirm their sighting of such a man, as they may assume that the man was definitely present, but they may have missed him by their own lack of observance. In reality, however, the man may not have been on the scene or existed at all.
The use of leading questions has wide-ranging implications in numerous aspects of life, and raises doubts as to the reliability of some court convictions where an eyewitness testimony may have been influenced by biased interviewing techniques.
The framing of questions can also be crucial to referendum results, in which voters may be inclined to vote for a particular outcome depending on the wording of the question printed on their ballot paper.
Research in the early 1970s, led by cognitive psychologist Elizabeth Loftus, brought attention to the reliability of eyewitness testimonies, demonstrating that an interviewer could influence interviewees' responses by manipulating the phrasing of a question. In an oft-cited 1974 experiment, she found that witnesses to a car crash could be persuaded to testify to false memories, such as seeing a car travel at different speeds, depending on the wording used to describe the resulting crash. Assumptions regarding the severity of the crash, suggested in question wording, act as a kind of retrospective interference on witnesses' memories of an event (Loftus and Palmer, 1974).
Types of Leading Question
Leading questions can solicit a particular response using a number of methods. Phrasing may be adjusted to suggest a particular answer, or the interviewer may limit the range of permissible responses, sometimes excluding the natural answer of the respondent. Examples include:
 - Did you steal Jack's cake?
 - Were you at the club?
Leading vs Loaded Questions
Whilst a leading question leads a person to give a particular answer, a loaded question (also known as a complex question) contains the assumption that one or more additional assertions are true. For instance, the assumption that a defendant was at a crime scene may be made by reference to it in a loaded question:
 - Why did you steal the cake from the shop?
 Here, the act of cake theft is assumed not questioned - but the motive for it is.
 - At what time last night did you drive away in the getaway car?
 The interviewer refers to the person driving away in the getaway car in their request for a time.
 - What were the two of you arguing about that ended in you hitting him?
 The interviewee is implied to have hit a victim without him/her having confessed to it.
In their answer, the respondent is expected to share the assumed fact with the interviewer without questioning it.
A tag question may be used to suggest a fact or opinion, and then ask that the respondent confirms it:
 - You were at the club on Friday, weren't you?
 - The fireworks are great, aren't they?
Closed-Ended Questions
Whilst open-ended questions (e.g. "Where were you last night") invite any response, closed-ended questions lead the respondent to a limited choice of answers.
A dichotomous question offers one of two responses, e.g. "yes or no", "true or false", "good or bad", omitting more nuanced answers.
Multiple choice questions provide a wider range of answers for a respondent to choose from, but can still lead them to a particular set of responses:
What is your favorite flavor of ice cream: strawberry, vanilla, neapolitan or chocolate?
The question above would prevent lovers of toffee ice cream from reporting their preference accurately. Authors of questionnaires which use multiple choice questions, such as those involved in market research, must take care not to influence or lead participants in such a way that their responses could be skewed.
Referendum Question Framing
The framing of questions can be a significant issue for those assessing referenda. Prior to the 2015 Scottish independence referendum, the Scottish government (in favor of independence) proposed that the following question be presented to voters:
"Do you agree that Scotland should be an independent country? Yes/No" (Electoral Commission, 2013)
The Electoral Commission objected to the phrasing of the question, suggesting that "the words 'Do you agree' potentially encouraged people to vote 'yes' and should be replaced by more neutral wording". Ultimately, the leading question was replaced with:
"Should Scotland be an independent country? Yes/No" (Electoral Commission, 2013)
Leading upto the 2016 referendum on European Union membership, the Electoral Commission again took the view that the proposed question could lead respondents to give a particular answer.
A yes/no question was proposed: "Should the United Kingdom remain a member of the European Union?" However, this was again contested as favoring a confirmatory 'remain' vote, and the government accepted that the question should be replaced with, "Should the United Kingdom remain a member of the European Union or leave the European Union?". Voters were given two options - to "Remain a member of the European Union" or to "Leave the European Union" (Electoral Commission, 2015).
Cognitive Interviews
In the 1980s, amidst fears that police questioning techniques were producing inaccurate or unreliable eyewitness testimonies, an alternative set of methods were proposed for use during interviews, with the intention that the undue influence of leading questions on witnesses' recollection of events could be reduced.
In a 1985 paper, R. Edward Geiselman suggested that witnesses be encouraged to relive a previous event, recalling unrelated facts regarding a crime scene, such as the weather and any passers-by, so that they may more accurately experience and recall memories specific to a particular crime.
Along with further suggestions, this was termed the 'cognitive interview', and was found to produce more accurate recollections of events than standard interview methods. The suggestions made in the cognitive interview have had a lasting impact on modern police techniques used during eyewitness interviews (Geiselman, Fisher et al, 1985).
Questioning Techniques
Intentionally or accidentally, leading questions can impact on the testimonies provided by eyewitnesses in trials, influence referendum outcomes and affect the accuracy of survey results. Beyond the phrasing of questions, a number of other factors can also affect the answers given to questions.
The environment in which questions are asked can weigh on respondents' behavior. In a series of group conformity experiments, psychologist Solomon Asch asked a group people to respond individually to an obvious question. When confederates in the group provided an incorrect answer, genuine participants tended to follow them, for fear of deviating from the social norm and being disproven (Asch, 1955). Asch demonstrated that we often take into account the responses of our peers when considering our own answers to questions, even when we feel that fellow respondents are mistaken.
By building a rapport with a respondent, interviewers can also solicit a desired response to a specific question.
Using a method known as the foot-in-the-door technique, if an interview can persuade a person to respond positively to a series of questions, they are more likely to be able to solicit a 'yes' answer to a further question. The technique was tested in an experiment by Jonathan Freedman and Scott Fraser of Stanford University in 1966, and may explain why so-called 'cold-callers' who make unsolicited sales calls tend to ask friendly questions that a person would be inclined to agree with, prior to inviting them to sign up for a service or order a product (Freedman and Fraser, 1966).
 1. Loftus, E.F. and Palmer, J.C. (1974). Reconstruction of automobile destruction: An example of the interaction between language and memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior. 13(5). 585-589.
 2. Electoral Commission (2013). Electoral Commission publishes its assessment of Scottish independence referendum question and its advice on campaign spending limits. Retrieved from _URL_
 3. Electoral Commission (2015). Referendum on membership of the European Union: Assessment of the Electoral Commission on the proposed referendum question. Retrieved from _URL_
 4. Geiselman, R.E., Fisher, R.P., MacKinnon, D.P. and Holland, H.L. (1985). Eyewitness Memory Enhancement in the Police Interview: Cognitive Retrieval Mnemonics Versus Hypnosis. Journal of Applied Psychology. 70(2). 401-412.
 5. Asch, S.E. (1955). Opinions and Social Pressure. Scientific American. 193(


Nuclear Pools
How does Nuclear Insurance work?
To best address the unique insurance needs of the civil nuclear industry, NRI's model centres on the 'pooling', or grouping, of capacity by many insurers to allow a joint underwriting of risks.
Nuclear pools, established in the mid-1950s, were formed to insure civil nuclear risks within their national market, and to provide interpool reinsurance (reciprocation). Reciprocation is arranged on a 'net' of Treaty or Facultative reinsurance basis given that nuclear is a general exclusion within the insurance market. Net capacity is pooled from insurers and reinsurers who are willing to expose their balance sheet to civil nuclear risks.
Pools were established in the spirit of a bilateral relationship between the newly forming sector, governments and the insurance market.
A pool is a mechanism whereby a number of insurers, through association, jointly underwrite a technically challenging type of risk. Pools are typically formed when a risk is high in severity and low in frequency and other examples include terrorism and natural catastrophe. Pools are further categorised by insufficient capacity being attracted to a class of business (from individual insurance companies), due to risk appetite, technical underwriting challenges and costs of doing business.
A pool in Country A insures a civil nuclear risk domestically and then via reciprocation shares that risk with other nuclear insurance pools B and C etc. within the international pooling system thereby spreading and diversifying the potentially catastrophic risk.
Nuclear Insurance Business Flow
As one of the most internationally diversified pools in the world, NRI writes risks in all nuclear countries, with the exception of countries where sanctions apply.
Nuclear Pools
Many international nuclear pools of insurance have been modelled along similar lines to NRI structure.
Today, over 300 insurance companies in 31 countries pool their net capacity in this way, which is then used to insure domestic civil nuclear risks and to provide interpool reinsurance (reciprocation).
In the absence of nuclear pools, the finite insurance capacity that exists could not be accessed efficiently or at all. Consequently, nuclear pools provide an essential service to civil nuclear operators and are an enabler to the operators' 'social licence' by satisfying their complex insurance needs.


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Thermal Load Reduction of Truck Tractor Sleeper Cabins 2008-01-2618
Several configurations of truck tractor sleeper cabs were tested and modeled to investigate the potential to reduce heating and cooling loads. Two trucks were tested outdoors and a third was used as a control. Data from the testing were used to validate a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model and this model was used to predict reductions in cooling loads during daytime rest periods. The test configurations included the application of standard-equipped sleeper privacy curtain and window shades, an optional insulated or arctic sleeper curtain, and insulated window coverings. The standard curtain reduced sleeper area heating load by 21% in one test truck, while the arctic curtain decreased it by 26%. Insulated window coverings reduced the heating load by 16% in the other test truck and lowered daytime solar temperature gain by 8°C. The lowered temperature resulted in a predicted 34% reduction in cooling load from the model. Modeling also predicted doubling cab insulation could reduce cooling load by 35% and up to 54% with the sleeper curtain closed. Infrared images of the truck cabs identified other potential areas to reduce heat loss that included areas around window and door seals, at body and structural seams, and areas where insulation may be lacking around air circulation ducts.