Tiger's Eye Meaning and Healing Properties
Tigers eye smooth stone
If you're an avid collector of gemstones or simply like to pick up a crystal here and there, the tiger's eye stone is one item you'll want to add to your collection. With its gold, brown, and black color tones laid out in exquisite patterns, the tiger's eye stone is a unique one you'll want to collect.
Known for its powerful wealth and success components, the tiger's eye stone is used for many other reasons as well.
What Is Tiger's Eye?
Tiger's eye is formed by altering crocidolite when quartz dissolves it. As for the color, iron oxide is what gives it the signature color that makes it easy to identify this stone.
This gemstone is found in areas where heat and dry air are readily present. Some of the locations where tiger's eye is mined include India, Australia, South Africa, Namibia, Brazil, Spain, and the United States, to name a few.
Tiger's eye has a smooth luster to it and is a 6.5-7 on the Mohs hardness scale.
three smooth and polished tigers eye stones
History of Tiger's Eye
Tiger's eye has a unique history. The ancient Egyptians adored the stone for its eye-catching color scheme. These individuals said the stone equated with divine vision and used it for the eyes of their deity statues. The Egyptians also used the tiger's eye in jewelry for its protective qualities.
The Romans favored tiger's eye gemstones for its protective attributes as well. The gemstone was put to good use as protection when heading into battle.
Meaning of Tiger's Eye
As you might have gathered, tiger's eye is a protective stone that has strength as a main characteristic. As with the tiger who rules the jungle, the tiger's eye stone represents courage and the wearer can embrace this meaning. The different colors also symbolize strength in varying degrees.
The tiger's eye stone has a watchful eye and mystical quality to it. These qualities both work together with the overall strength characteristic of the tiger's eye.
Tiger's eye is also helpful with balancing and clearing emotions. If you want a mind that's calm or a disposition full of peaceful qualities, tiger's eye is your go-to stone.
Healing Properties of Tiger's Eye
Gemstones and crystals are known for their healing properties and tiger's eye is no different. With its strength components, you can use tiger's eye to heal you of the things that bother you and affect you in different ways.
Here are some ways the tiger's eye stone can be used for healing purposes:
- Offering insight into difficult situations
- Providing focus
- Protection from negative energies
- Offering good luck
- Deepening one's state of meditation
- Help with grounding and centering one's energy
- Mental clarity
- Freedom from fear
With all these healing properties, it's no wonder that the tiger's eye stone is a popular healing item. Add in the fact it has a vibrant and unique color and you have a gemstone that everyone wants in their collection.
How to Use Tiger's Eye
Tiger's eye can be put to good use in many ways. From wearing it as a pendant around your neck to keeping the stone in your pocket, you can embrace the powerful healing components of the tiger's eye stone.
If you want to have your tiger's eye stone on you wherever you go, wearing it in a piece of jewelry is an easy way to do so. You can buy tiger's eye pendants, tiger's eye rings, tiger's eye bracelets, and many other unique jewelry pieces adorned with this stone.
Feng Shui
Feng shui is the practice of using space and the layout of your home or office to create a balanced energy environment. This can be done by using gemstones and crystals in the practice of feng shui. Tiger's eye is an especially useful stone for feng shui purposes.
The tiger's eye gemstone can be used to keep moods grounded, make fears dissipate, and attract good luck. Overall, it's an excellent stone for providing a safe environment to your home or office. With its protective qualities you can see why tiger's eye gemstones are often used for the purpose of feng shui.
If you want to tap into the protective attributes of a tiger's eye stone, place it by your front door or by a window. This will add a feeling of security to your home and be an essential part of your feng shui layout.
The tiger's eye stone can also be used for meditation purposes. When you meditate, use your tiger's eye gemstone to help you connect to your purpose and path. As you meditate, hold the stone in your hand and let the healing powers and focus be the result of using the tiger's eye with your meditation.
You can also wear your tiger's eye as jewelry or place a tiger's eye gemstone on the table next to you as you meditate to let its powerful energy guide you in your spiritual meditations.
Chakra Cleansing
The tiger's eye gemstone is used in conjunction with the root, solar plexus, and sacral chakras. Tiger's eye can be used to dispel negative energy when used with the root chakra. When used with all three chakras, a tiger's eye gem will help to provide safety and strength to the holder as well as enable them to feel grounded.
This gemstone can also be used with the third eye chakra for enhancing psychic abilities as it's known for its mystical qualities.
Use the tiger's eye gemstone when engaging in a chakra cleansing and you will feel better in many different ways and reap the benefits listed above.
Table Displays
Sometimes you might want to display your tiger's eye gemstone right out in the open. With a larger tiger's eye gemstone, you can display this beautiful item in your home or office for all to see.
You can place the gemstone on a table by itself or add a few other crystals and gemstones to the collection for a decor item with an added powerful energy.
Carry the Loose Stones
You might find that keeping a tiger's eye stone in your pocket or purse as you go about your day is an ideal notion. By doing so, you can carry this good luck, focus-oriented stone with you wherever you go.
If you need some added energy throughout the day, simply take out your tiger's eye and hold it for a minute or so to recharge your strength.
single tigers eye stone
How to Care For Tiger's Eye
When you purchase your new tiger's eye gemstone, you want to be sure to keep it looking as lovely as possible.
Caring for your stone is easy as can be. Simply let it sit in water with a little bit of soap for a short while. Then, rinse off your tiger's eye stone and you'll find that it's clean, recharged, and ready to be put back to good use.
For a more in depth energy cleansing, place your tiger's stone outside at night every so often and let the moonlight cleanse your beloved gemstone. This will provide excellent recharging qualities for your stone.
When you want to put your tiger's eye aside, such as safely storing a piece of tiger's eye jewelry, make sure to place it in a small felt bag or separate jewelry box compartment so it doesn't get damaged if put in with other items. You want your tiger's eye to be in the best shape possible for years to come.
Pursue Success with Tiger's Eye By Your Side
Tiger's eye is a gemstone with an excellent meaning and wonderful healing qualities. When you have a tiger's eye necklace or loose tiger's eye gem to take with you wherever you go, you'll feel confident and protected as you face each day.
When it's time to buy a tiger's eye gemstone, consider the following:
- Do I want to wear it or carry it?
- Do I want a small stone or larger display?
- What color scheme am I looking for, more yellow or more brown?
- What jewelry items do I often wear that I could add a tiger's eye stone to?
- What is my gemstone budget?
- Do I want to collect other stones to display beside my tiger's eye gemstone?
As you consider these items, you'll be able to choose the right type of tiger's eye gemstone to add to your stone collection. You might even want to collect a few different types of tiger's eye stones, especially if you're really interested in this type of gemstone.
When you buy your tiger's eye gemstone, think of the many ways you can use your new item. You can take up meditation or engage in chakra cleansing and watch the tiger's eye work its powerful energy magic. You'll find that having this gemstone by your side gives a new outlook and helps you in various areas of your life to achieve what you've been looking to do all along.
Explore the tiger's eye products and choose the one that is most suited for your lifestyle. You'll find that adding this lovely stone to your collection is not only a good idea for its powerful energy but lovely aesthetics as well.


How to Eat Mochi
Japan has a wide range of exotic foods that foreign visitors are sure to enjoy. Mochi is certainly a popular treat.
Mochi, also known as rice cakes, are something of a delicacy in Japan. Mochi can also be eaten in a range of different ways depending on the context - it can be eaten in ceremonies and functions, such as in New Year ceremonies.
But how exactly do you eat mochi?
Safety Precautions
Before we go on with the different types of mochi, let's just make one quick note - take little bites and make sure that you chew the mochi thoroughly before you swallow.
If you don't follow this advice, it can sometimes result in the mochi getting stuck in your throat as it is quite sticky.
As a Dessert
Mochi is most commonly eaten as a dessert, and boy are there a lot of desserts!
First of all is Daifuku. This translates to 'big' (Dai) and 'luck' (Fuku). This is a little round mochi, and inside of it is a filling that's usually sweet. Azuki red bean paste is just one example of a filling.
Kinako Mochi is also pretty intriguing. This is made out of mochi and roasted soy flour. It's a sweet treat with a delectable texture that you're sure to enjoy.
You can also get something called Ichigo Daifuku. Ichigo translates to 'strawberry.' As the name suggests, it's pretty similar to daifuku but the strawberry part is the important thing to remember. It tastes very sweet and yet is rather chewy thanks to the mochi part.
Mochi ice cream is also pretty popular. It's a little ball of mochi and it has a filling inside. That's right, ice cream! This is any sugar lover's dream. Before eating, allow the mochi ice cream to warm up for a couple of minutes so the dough can return to normal before you eat. This will make it much easier to bite. You can even add mochi ice cream to other desserts and dishes such as espresso or ice cream sandwiches.
In a Dish
Mochi is most commonly known for its function in various desserts, but did you know that it can also be used in various dishes?
For instance, it is sometimes used in Zoni. This is a soup that is traditionally eaten on New Year's Day.
So the next time that you are interested in some Japanese cuisine, you should certainly try mochi! This delicious food is truly something to enjoy when you visit Japan.
We hope you like it!


How many calories do you burn skateboarding?
A lot has been said and discussed about shedding excess weight. Routine workout, is however, considered the best and most ideal way to keep your body fit. Swimming, riding a bicycle, and weight lifting can help you lose calories not only fast but in an effective way.
Skateboarding, on the other hand, is a good workout activity many did not know canhelp to improve your agility, flexibility, and balance.Away from that, the main focus here is to know the number of calories you can losewhen skateboarding: – An in-depth study to understand all you need to know aboutburning calories.
Understanding calories.
Calorie (usually denoted cal) is a unit of energy. Different foods provide different levels of calories. Macronutrients are what provide energy from food.
How many calories can one burn in an hour?
You can burn around 396 – 406 calories after an hour of skateboarding. However, it all depends on a few factors; Age, weight, and the intensity of workout play a significant role in the number of calories you can burn.
Transition skateboarding can help you burn over 769kcal an hour. But, you need to understand that over-exercising can not only cause fatigue, but it can lead to injuries and decreased performance.
When skateboarding, you are no different from a person who is working out in the gym or playing football. As a skateboarding enthusiast, you work out every single part of the body. From the toes muscles to the muscles around your arms, you would not notice quickly.
Relationship between calorie, fat, and skateboarding.
Each gram of fat is equal to 9 calories. When you have ingested more calories than what the body needs, it is converted and stored as fat. Excess fat, on the other hand, is not good. Studies show that the consumption of fatty acids in the body without exercise can expose you to risks like cardiovascular disease.
So how does skateboarding help?
To lose the excess fat, you need to go for skateboarding regularly. Depending on your weight and age, the fatty acids in your body will reduce immensely.
Below is an explanation of how to calculate the number of calories you can lose when doing exercise.
Different activities can be measured by their "MET Values." These values determine the average and overall amount of energy required.
When you multiply the MET (Metabolic equivalents) value by your weight in kilograms, you will know the number of calories burnt.
Example: If you sit quietly for an hour, a 60kg person will burn 60 calories (kcal). If he does an activity that has a MET value of 2, he will burn 120 calories.
To know the different MET values of various activities, you should visit the compendium of physical activity (A physical activity website) to understand the codes and values of different activities.
The calories burnt skateboarding calculator is one platform that calculates the number of calories burnt
Importance of skateboarding.
Skateboarding can not only make you lose the much-needed calories. You gain muscle and mental strength.
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Definitions for half-life-ˌlaɪvz
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word half-life
Princeton's WordNet
 1. half life, half-life(noun)
 1. Half-life(n.)
 the time it takes for one-half of a substance decaying in a first-order reaction to be destroyed. For radioactive substances, it is the time required for one-half of the initial amount of the radioactive isotope to decay. The half-lifeis a measure of the rate of the reaction being observed. For processes that are true first-order processes, such as radioactive decay, the half-life is independent of the quantity of material present, and it is thus a constant. The time it takes for one-half the remaining quantity of a radioactive isotope to decay will be the same regardless of how far the decay process has advanced. Some chemical reactions are also first order, and may be characterized as having a half-life. However, for chemical reactions the half-life will depend upon temperature and in some cases other environmental conditions, whereas for radioactive isotopes the rate of decay is largely independent of the environment.
 1. half-life(Noun)
 2. half-life(Noun)
 In a chemical reaction, the time required for the concentration of a reactant to fall from a chosen value to half that value.
 1. Half-life
 Half-life is the time required for a quantity to fall to half its value as measured at the beginning of the time period. In physics, it is typically used to describe a property of radioactive decay, but may be used to describe any quantity which follows an exponential decay. The original term, dating to Ernest Rutherford's discovery of the principle in 1907, was "half-life period", which was shortened to "half-life" in the early 1950s. Half-life is used to describe a quantity undergoing exponential decay, and is constant over the lifetime of the decaying quantity. It is a characteristic unit for the exponential decay equation. The term "half-life" may generically be used to refer to any period of time in which a quantity falls by half, even if the decay is not exponential. For a general introduction and description of exponential decay, see exponential decay. For a general introduction and description of non-exponential decay, see rate law. The converse of half-life is doubling time. The table on the right shows the reduction of a quantity in terms of the number of half-lives elapsed.
U.S. National Library of Medicine
 1. Half-Life
Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms
 1. half-life
 The time required for the activity of a given radioactive species to decrease to half of its initial value due to radioactive decay. The half-life is a characteristic property of each radioactive species and is independent of its amount or condition. The effective half-life of a given isotope is the time in which the quantity in the body will decrease to half as a result of both radioactive decay and biological elimination.
Translations for half-life
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AutoSave for the Petrochemical Industry
Increase Safety and Reliability
MDT AutoSave is part of the change management and audit infrastructure that helps refineries and chemical plants identify and eliminate hazardous situations while increasing productivity. AutoSave ensures that proper rollback/recovery data exists while providing a proper audit trail and notification of changes. This can be invaluable in understanding what program changes were made, why, and by whom so that your people, process and equipment are protected.
AutoSave's unique features, including internal security capabilities, have long been beneficial to petrochemical companies seeking to better manage operational changes.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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This question is the outcome of a few naive thoughts, without reading the proof of Gelfand-Neumark theorem.
Given a compact Hausdorff space $X$, the algebra of complex continuous functions on it is enough to capture everything on its space. In fact, by the Gelfand-Neumark theorem, it is enough to consider the commutative C*-algebras instead of considering compact Hausdorff spaces.
The important thing here is that $C*$-algebras have a complex structure. The real structure is not enough. Given the algebra $C(X, \mathbb R) \oplus C(X, \mathbb R)$ of real continuous functions on $X$, the algebra $C(X, \mathbb{C})$ is simply the direct sum $C(X, \mathbb R) \oplus C(X, \mathbb R)$, as a Banach algebra(and this can be given a complex structure, (seeing it as the complexification...)). But to obtain a C*-algebra, we need an additional C*-algebra, and the obvious way, ie, defining $(f + ig)$* $= (f - ig)$ does not work out. More precisely, the C* identity does not hold.
So one cannot weaken (as it stands) the condition in the Gelfand-Neumark theorem that we need the algebra of complex continuous functions on the space $X$, since we do need the C* structure. Of course, this is without an explicit counterexample. Which brings us to:
Qn 1. Please given an example of two non-homeomorphic compact Hausdorff spaces $X$ and $Y$ such that the function algebras $C(X, \mathbb R)$ and $C(Y, \mathbb R)$ are isomorphic(as real Banach algebras)?
(Here I am hoping that such an example exists).
Then again,
Qn 2. From the above it appears that the structure of complex numbers is involved when the algebra of complex functions captures the topology on the space. So how exactly is this happening?
(The vague notions concerning this are something like: the complex plane minus a point contains nontrivial $1$-cycles, so perhaps the continuous maps to the complex plane might perhaps capture all the information in the first homology, etc..)..
Note : Edited in response to the answers. Fixed the concerns of Andrew Stacey, and changed Gelfand-Naimark to Gelfand-Neumark, as suggested by Dmitri Pavlov.
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If you know a little algebraic geometry, an exercise toward the end of chapter 1 in Atiyah-Macdonald walks you through an attractive proof that a CH space is determined by its ring of real valued functions. What the C* algebra formalism gets you in this context is the "image" of the functor $X \mapsto C(X, \mathbb{C})$ from CH spaces to $\mathbb{C}$-algebras. It is possible to formulate an analogous condition for $\mathbb{R}$-algebras, but the entire theory is more awkward (though more powerful in some ways!). – Paul Siegel May 25 '10 at 23:48
Let me try to justify my last remark. Aside from the awkwardness of the definition, the Bott periodicity theorem for the K-theory of real C* algebras has period 8 rather than period 2 in the complex case, and thus many arguments are much more arduous. But there is also room for more subtlety. For example, the complex structure of C* algebras is at some level responsible for the fact that the Atiyah Singer index theorem is most naturally formulated for even dimensional manifolds. One way to formulate an odd dimensional analogue is to use real C* algebras. This is not without applications. – Paul Siegel May 25 '10 at 23:57
_USER_: That is a nice exercise, but I am confused by "If you know a little algebraic geometry". I guess you mean because of the topology placed on the maximal ideal space? Also, thanks for addressing some differences between the real and complex case. _USER_: In spite of Paul's comments, I must say I'm a little confused by the noncommutative-geometry tag in light of the fact that there is nothing noncommutative in your question. – Jonas Meyer May 26 '10 at 2:40
_USER_: In AM, $X$ is recovered from $C(X)$ as the subspace of $Spec(C(X))$ (with the Zariski topology) consisting of maximal ideals. So the exercise requires a casual familiarity with $Spec$, which one usually accumulates via AG. For what it's worth, I support the NCG tag for this question. I don't always work directly with NC C*-algebras in a substantial way, but I usually tell people I work in NCG because I often use $C(X)$ as a proxy for $X$. Maybe I am "mistagging" myself. :) – Paul Siegel May 26 '10 at 14:03
Makes sense. This isn't the first time I've heard of someone working in commutative NCG, but I still appreciate the novelty. – Jonas Meyer May 26 '10 at 19:34
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3 Answers
up vote 4 down vote accepted
Here is a slightly different, perhaps simpler take on showing that $C(X,\mathbb{R})$ determines $X$ if $X$ is compact Hausdorff. For each closed subset $K$ of $X$, define $\mathcal{I}_K$ to be the set of elements of $C(X,\mathbb{R})$ that vanish on $K$. The map $K\mapsto\mathcal{I}_K$ is a bijection from the set of closed subsets of $X$ to the set of closed ideals of $C(X,\mathbb{R})$. Urysohn's lemma and partitions of unity are enough to see this, with no complexification, Gelfand-Neumark, or (explicitly) topologized ideal spaces required. I remember doing this as an exercise in Douglas's Banach algebra techniques in operator theory in the complex setting, but the same proof works in the real setting.
Here are some details in response to a prompt in the comments. (Added later: See Theorem 3.4.1 in Kadison and Ringrose for another proof. Again, the functions are assumed complex-valued there, but you can just ignore that, read $\overline z$ as $z$ and $|z|^2$ as $z^2$, to get the real case.)
I will take it for granted that each $\mathcal{I}_K$ is a closed ideal. This doesn't require that the space is Hausdorff (nor that $K$ is closed). Suppose that $K_1$ and $K_2$ are unequal closed subsets of $X$, and without loss of generality let $x\in K_2\setminus K_1$. Because $X$ is compact Hausdorff and thus normal, Urysohn's lemma yields an $f\in C(X,\mathbb{R})$ such that $f$ vanishes on $K_1$ but $f(x)=1.$ Thus, $f$ is in $\mathcal{I}_{K_1}\setminus\mathcal{I}_{K_2}$, and this shows that $K\mapsto \mathcal{I}_K$ is injective. The work is in showing that it is surjective.
Let $\mathcal{I}$ be a closed ideal in $C(X,\mathbb{R})$, and define $K_\mathcal{I}=\cap_{f\in\mathcal{I}}f^{-1}(0)$, so that $K_\mathcal{I}$ is a closed subset of $X$. Claim: $\mathcal{I}=\mathcal{I}_{K_\mathcal{I}}$.
It is immediate from the definition of $K_\mathcal{I}$ that each element of $\mathcal{I}$ vanishes on $K_\mathcal{I}$, so that $\mathcal{I}\subseteq\mathcal{I}_{K_\mathcal{I}}.$ Let $f$ be an element of $\mathcal{I}_{K_\mathcal{I}}$. Because $\mathcal{I}$ is closed, to show that $f$ is in $\mathcal{I}$ it will suffice to find for each $\epsilon>0$ a $g\in\mathcal{I}$ with $\|f-g\|_\infty<3\epsilon$. Define $U_0=f^{-1}(-\epsilon,\epsilon)$, so $U_0$ is an open set containing $K_\mathcal{I}$. For each $y\in X\setminus U_0$, because $y\notin K_\mathcal{I}$ there is an $f_y\in \mathcal{I}$ such that $f_y(y)\neq0$. Define $$g_y=\frac{f(y)}{f_y(y)}f_y$$ and $U_y=\{x\in X:|g_y(x)-


text:
Definitions of textile
a. - Pertaining to weaving or to woven fabrics; as, textile arts; woven, capable of being woven; formed by weaving; as, textile fabrics. 2
n. - That which is, or may be, woven; a fabric made by weaving. 2
The word "textile" uses 7 letters: E E I L T T X.
No direct anagrams for textile found in this word list.
Words formed by adding one letter before or after textile (in bold), or to eeilttx in any order:
s - textiles
List shorter words within textile, sorted by length
All words formed from textile by changing one letter
Browse words starting with textile by next letter


text:
Project Sprout is a unique strategy for urban revitalization based on the premise that failure reveals opportunity. Shifts in New Orleans' demographics and economic prospects, coupled with catastrophic flooding from Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, left many of the city's neighborhoods devastated by blight and environmental contamination. Through a productive stabilization strategy that unlocks the potential of blighted land, Sprout will transform marginal properties from public health threats into nodes of community redevelopment.
Through the planting of bio-energy gardens that include plants like sunflowers, Project Sprout will:
1. Remediate soil
2. Yield a crop for bio-fuel production
3. Provide green-collar job training
4. Create hope in communities that suffer from the companion problems of blight and illegal dumping.
As a deliberately transitional strategy, Sprout helps to reposition underutilized land for redevelopment, urban farming, or community recreation space. A phased pilot project will roll out beginning in Spring 2009.
New Orleans Food and Farm Network
New Orleans Redevelopment Authority
Limitless Vistas Inc.
Early Stage Funders
Tulane City Center
Green Coast Enterprises

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


= findobj(gca,'Type','text','String','\pi/2');
finds the string π/2 only within the current axes.
Using findobj as an Argument
Because findobj returns the handles it finds, you can use it in place of the handle argument. For example,
finds all red lines and sets their line style to dotted.
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text:
(CA also stands for conditional access, a term used in DTV.)
A certificate authority (CA) is an authority in a network that issues and manages security credentials and public keys for message encryption. As part of a public key infrastructure (PKI), a CA checks with a registration authority (RA) to verify information provided by the requestor of a digital certificate. If the RA verifies the requestor's information, the CA can then issue a certificate.
Depending on the public key infrastructure implementation, the certificate includes the owner's public key, the expiration date of the certificate, the owner's name, and other information about the public key owner.


Common Lisp the Language, 2nd Edition
next up previous contents index
Next: Examples Up: Inheritance Previous: Inheritance of Slots Inheritance of Class Options
The :default-initargs class option is inherited. The set of defaulted initialization arguments for a class is the union of the sets of initialization arguments specified in the :default-initargs class options of the class and its superclasses. When more than one default initial value form is supplied for a given initialization argument, the default initial value form that is used is the one supplied by the class that is most specific according to the class precedence list.
If a given :default-initargs class option specifies an initialization argument of the same name more than once, an error is signaled.


text:
You can set up a Zap to automate your Metric values automatically.
- Within Zapier, click Make a Zap to get started.
- Next, select a Trigger app and define your Trigger criteria.
- Once your Trigger criteria is successfully added, move on to the Action component of your Zap.
- Select Hoopla as your Action app and choose one of the Metric update options - Increment Metric Value, Decrement Metric Value or Clear Metric Value. Clear Metric Value is useful if you have Metric value that needs to be reset at a specific time interval, such as, a Daily Calls or Monthly Accounts Metric. We recommend using the Zapier built-in app called "Schedule" to set your trigger.
- If you have not already done so, connect to your Hoopla Account by clicking on Connect to Account and Authorize your Hoopla account to integrate with Zapier.
- Configure the details of your Metric update. This includes Metric Name, which is the Hoopla Metric to apply the update to; Amount, which is the amount by which you want to increment/decrement an existing value (note: if there is no pre-existing value, the value entered here becomes the initial value; User Email, which is the email address of the user whose metric will be updated (note: this email address must match the User's email address within Hoopla).
- After successfully testing your Zap, be sure to give your Zap a name and toggle the Zap On. That's it!


I was reading this paper, about the complexity of decision problems for reversal bounded counter machines. I got to Theorem 1 on Page 6. The theorem shows that there's a log-space NTM which can determine if a non deterministic reversal-bounded counter machine is empty or not. (A log-space NTM can be converted into a polynomial time DTM).
The proof shows that, for input machine represented as a string of length $n$, with $m$ counters, that $O(m\log n)$ space is required.
Here's where I get lost. The paper says that, since $m$ is fixed, we can consider the machine to take $O(\log n)$ space.
Does this mean that the algorithm is only uses log-space if $m$ is fixed? Would the corresponding deterministic algorithm then be exponential in terms of $m$?
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ It is not necessarily the case that the best algorithm is to determinize the NDTM, but certainly this approach may be exponential in $m$. $\endgroup$ – András Salamon Jul 6 '13 at 17:36
 - $\begingroup$ The problem given in Theorem 1 is NCM(m,r). So, both $ m $ and $ r $ are fixed. When you design an algorithm for this problem, you can embed the values of $ m $ and $ r $ into the finite state set. Moreover, you can squeeze the work tape to $O(\log n)$ space by using more tape symbols (depending the value of $ m $). $\endgroup$ – Abuzer Yakaryilmaz Jul 8 '13 at 8:22
If the number of counters or the number of reversals (or both) is part of the input, the problem becomes coNP-complete (unless there is exactly one counter):
The upper bound was shown by Hague and Lin, using a reduction to existential Presburger arithmetic: Hague and Lin, "Model Checking Recursive Programs with Numeric Data Types", CAV 2011, _URL_
 - If the number of counters is part of the input and one has exactly one reversal, it is not hard to reduce the knapsack problem: Given binary representations of $x_1,\ldots,x_k,y$, each containing at most $n$ bits, one can easily construct a $(k+1)n$-counter automaton $A$ that can nondeterministically pick a subset $S\subseteq \{1,\ldots,k\}$ and produce $\sum_{i\in S} x_i$ on the first counter and then subtracts $y$ from the first counter. Then the language of $A$ is non-empty if and only if there is a subset $S\subseteq \{1,\ldots,k\}$ with $\sum_{i\in S} x_i=y$.
 - If the number of reversals is part of the input and one has exactly two counters, coNP-hardness was already shown in Gurari and Ibarra, "The complexity of decision problems for finite-turn multicounter machines", _URL_ This seems to be the journal version of the paper linked in the question.
 - If the number of reversals is part of the input and one has exactly one counter, however, then the problem is NL-complete. This is a well-known result on one-counter automata.
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The Bigger Picture: Visual Archives and the Smithsonian
Now Open to the Public (in 1922) - Museum of the American Indian
On November 14, 1922, George Gustav Heye opened to the public the Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation in New York City to display his collection of Native American artifacts. Heye, a mining engineer, began collecting Native American artifacts while working in Arizona in 1896. The museum, founded in 1916, was located at Audubon Terrace and there was also a research branch in the Bronx where collections were available for research and study.
After Heye's death in 1957, the future of the museum was in doubt. Some thoughts were to transfer the collection to the American Museum of Natural History in New York or possibly for it to be purchased by businessman, H. Ross Perrot. Neither of these options came to pass.
It was not until the 1980s when discussions began with the Smithsonian that a home would be found for the Museum of the American Indian. On November 18, 1989, President George H. W. Bush signed legislation creating the National Museum of the American Indian as part of the Smithsonian. Today the museum consists of the George Gustave Heye Center in New York City (unfortunately because of Hurricane Sandy the Heye Center is temporarily closed), the Cultural Resources Center facility in Maryland, and the museum on the Mall in Washington, D.C.
- History of the National Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Institution Archives


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If it wasn't for my horse... January 25, 2013 8:51 AMSubscribe
Why did men stop wearing high heels?* A History of High-Heeled Shoes. In the early 1700s, France's King Louis XIV (The Sun King) would often wear intricate heels decorated with miniature battle scenes. Called "Louis heels," they were often as tall as five inches. The king decreed that only nobility could wear heels that were colored red (les talons rogue) and that no one's heels could be higher than his own.


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Posted on February 1, 2013 by ilhandsandvoices
Learn Cued Speech!
* Cued speech provides families and professionals with a tool for complete and accurate communication with the deaf in English and MANY other spoken languages
* Combines hand "Cues" with the natural mouth movements of speech, providing 100% visual confirmation of every sound being spoken
* Is easy to learn: the average person needs 10-20 hours of instruction and a few weeks to a few months of practice (to develop fluency)
* Enables a deaf child to achieve AGE-APPROPRIATE language and literacy levels, from infancy through high school, college, and beyond.
Please see the attached flyer for more details:
Cued Speech Workshop Flyer
Please contact Karla Giese, Director of Deaf Services at _EMAIL_
for more information. We offer monthly workshops.
Looking forward to seeing you at one of our workshops!
Filed under: Cued Speech, Education, Education Resources | Leave a Comment »
Posted on February 1, 2008 by ilhandsandvoices
What is Cued Speech?
Cued Speech is a visual communication system — mouth movements of speech combine with "cues" (hand shapes and locations) to make all the sounds (phonemes) of spoken language look different.
Cued Speech Classes
Alternatives for the Hearing Impaired
Second Saturday of each month
2020 E. Camp McDonald Road
Mt. Prospect, IL 60056
Filed under: Cued Speech, Resources | Leave a Comment »


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Twitter Aggregator (CMTA) - How The Plugin Works
How It Works
CM Twitter Aggregator displays list of tweets gathered from Twitter user timelines (for example _USER_) or hashtags (for example _TAG_).
Tweets are assigned to categories which are organized into lists (each category can have a single tweet source assigned to it).
Each category can handle tweets from one user timeline or hashtag. In a list you can have many categories therefor can display tweets from several users and hashtags.
Each category also let you filter the content of each tweet by using positive and negative keywords. This way you can display tweets which are dealing with specific topic.
- To create simple tweets list go to Admin Panel -> Twitter Aggregator and click List. Create new list.
- Then, go to Categories and create a new one. Write category title, pass the twitter source (_USER_ or _TAG_). Add category to list and click on Add New Category.
- Paste shortcode to your post/page and set list attribute with list name or category attribute with category name:
For example if list has name My Simple List shortcode should looks like (note quotation marks in shortcode):


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Despite increasing average real family incomes in Costa Rica in the late 1990s and early 2000s, poverty rates did not fall. In this paper, we argue that during this period economic growth in Costa Rica did not translate into reduced poverty because of changes in family structure and in the labor market, and that these changes had an important gender dimension. Specifically, an increase in the proportion of Costa Rican households headed by single mothers led to an increase in the number of women with children entering the labor force. Many of these mothers, new entrants to the labor force, were unable or unwilling to find full-time work in the high-paying formal sector, and ended up unemployed or working part-time as self-employed workers. These labor market phenomena, in turn, contributed to low incomes for households vulnerable to poverty, especially those households headed by single mothers.
Poverty single mothers employment wages Central America Costa Rica


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The word spatchcocking refers to the process of removing the backbone and breaking the breastbone of a bird. The partially boned fowl can then be spread open and flattened for cooking. While similar to butterflying, the process of spatchcocking implies the use of whole poultry rather than a single cut of meat. It is believed that the word is derived from the term "dispatch the cock."
Spatchcocking a turkey, chicken, or any other poultry results in a bird that takes up less oven space, cooks more evenly and quickly, and is easier to carve.
Source: Flickr User thebittenword.com


Barbed Wire Tattoos
Barbed Wire Tattoos Barbed Wire Tattoos History
The Barbed Wire Tattoos originated during Second World War and were used by prisoners to mark their bodies. The barbed wire depicted their state of mind and also their captivity. These tattoos have different associations. Initially, they were mainly associated with prison. Of late it has gained popularity among youths as is used as a symbol of rebellion and freedom. Barbed wire tattoos symbolize control of certain portion of land and punishing those who do not respect this rule. So it began as a violent symbol. In many countries some of the people that spend time in jail get barbed wire tattoos that represent the number of years they spend serving their sentence.
It also used to be used to identify convicts that have been sent to prison for life! While in Russia, this tattoo was etched on a convicts wrist or all across the forehead, to show that he had been put in for a lifelong term of imprisonment for an unforgivable crime, such as murder. barbed wire tattoos were invented in 1800's and have undergone an interesting evolution. The reinvention of this design is related to the prison camps during the World War II. In Russian prison system, a barbed wire tied on the forehead of the prisoner indicated a lifelong imprisonment. It was then adopted into the Latino culture in California. Previously, the number of spikes on the tattoo indicated the number of years spent in the prison.
Barbed Wire Tattoos Meaning
The Barbed Wire Tattoos are often made to symbolize and unbreakable bond between the person and God. Many times you will see barbed wire tattoos wrapped around a cross. People will get these on their biceps, back, and chest. These tattoos are made to represent that no matter what happens in someone's life, their connection with God is unbreakable. They represent an unbreakable faith with God. The barbed tattoo has taken its inspiration from the crown of thorns which Jesus was made to wear before being crucified.
It is a symbol of strength and faith in the power of the almighty. It is also a symbol which represents the fact that the individual wearing the tattoo has seen much hardship in his life and has been able to withstand all hurdles and pain, because of his faith in the Lord. barbed wire are known for the extremely prickly and strong features, a barbed wire tattoo can show that the tattoo bearer has the same nature. In some sense it may be used to show physical strength along with the sheer grit and determination. A person who has strong inner strength often chooses to get this tattoo made.
Barbed Wire Tattoos Design
The Barbed Wire Tattoo Designs are supposed to be an expression of imperviousness and imprisonment which was used by the old prisoners during the wars to express trauma and theirs getting used to live even in cruel custody. barbed wire tattoo designs is a very traditional tattoo. It is often worn by men around their biceps. Another popular tattoo is barbed wire wrapped around a heart. There are two different designs, which can be made using the barbwire. The first of them is the intertwined barbed design and the other one is the spiked barbed wire design. Depending upon your liking, you can decide any one of the designs for your tattoo. This tattoo design is popular not just with the menfolk but with the women folk as well. Women usually get one that has fine delicate design without losing the raw look.
Barbed Wire Tattoos Ideas
These tattoos can be carved on any part of the body. Ankles, wrists, upper arms are some of the popular places. Some people even go for such a tattoo on the neck, back, waist and chest. When sculpted on wrists and ankles, these tattoo designs look like bracelets. On neck, these tattoos look like permanent necklaces. One can even go for a barbed wire tattoo on the waist to form a belt like design. The back is also a good place to get such a tattoo. Since it provides for a broad expanse of canvas to make a tattoo, it is a preferred location. The tattoos can also extend from one shoulder to another, or from one's neck to just above the bottom.


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Going beyond previous books on Marxism and education, Revolutionary Learning is a groundbreaking collection of essays exploring the Marxist and feminist theories of education and learning. Scholar-activists Sara Carpenter and Sharazad Mojab closely examine the core philosophical concepts behind Marxist analysis of learning and extend its critique with significant implications for critical education scholarship, research, and practice by drawing upon work by feminist, anti-racist, and anti-colonial scholars. They reconsider the contributions of Marx, Gramsci, and Freire to educational theory from an explicitly feminist perspective, moving Marxist analysis of education into a more complex relation to patriarchal and imperialist capitalism. Their distinctive approach focuses on the nature of schooling and educational institutions, and pushes past previous literature on Marxist-feminism. Revolutionary Learning's significance lies not only in its contribution to theory, but also in its engagement with pedagogical practice through careful attention to the daily work of educators and how this can be connected to the broader environment of public policy, civil society, and the market.


fixation - definition and synonyms
noun [countable/uncountable]
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 1. 1
 a very strong interest in something that prevents you from paying attention to anything else
 Doug has a fixation with sports cars.
 fixation about:
 She seems to have a fixation about someone called Tony.
 2. 2
 in psychology, a mental condition in which someone's feelings about sex have not developed normally because they loved someone or something a lot as a child


Optional Meaning in Urdu
Optional meaning in Urdu is Ikhtiari. Similar words of Optional are also commonly used in daily talk like as Optionally, Optionality and Optional Consumption. Pronunciation of Optional in roman Urdu is "Ikhtiari" and Translation of Optional in Urdu writing script is اختیاری.
Optional Definition
- Optional Meaning In English
 1. (a.) Involving an option; depending on the exercise of an option; left to ones discretion or choice; not compulsory; as, optional studies; it is optional with you to go or stay.
 2. (n.) See Elective, n.
Optional Meaning in Urdu
Utilize the online English to Urdu dictionary to check the Urdu meaning of English word. People often want to translate English words or phrases into Urdu. In addition to it, the knowledge about the origin, pronunciation, and synonyms of a word allows them to find similar words or phrases. Here you can check all definitions and meanings of Optional. However, it will allow you to learn the appropriate use of Optional in a sentence. The example sentences play a good role in this regard.
In the age of digital communication, any person should learn and understand multiple languages for better communication. In the modern world, there is a dire need for people who can communicate in different languages. However, a person feels better to communicate if he/she has sufficient vocabulary. Here, you can check Optional translation in both Urdu and Roman Urdu language. Access other dictionaries such as English to Arabic, English to French, and English to Hindi to check the Optional meaning in different languages.
Search meanings in Urdu to get the better understanding of the context. You can get more than one meaning for one word in Urdu. You have searched the English word Optional which means "اختیاری" Ikhtiari in Urdu.Optional meaning in Urdu has been searched 18881 (eighteen thousand eight hundred and eighty-one) times till Jan 17, 2021.
کو انگلش میں کیا کہتے ہیں؟
میں بال کٹوانے جا رہا ہوں
Main Baal Katwane Ja Raha Hoon
کو انگلش میں کیا کہتے ہیں؟
Optional Meaning in Different Languages
Multi Language Dictionary


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I just blogged that beet seeds are actually seed pods so when you plant what you think is one beet seed you actually plant a cluster of seeds. If more than one seed germinates from the cluster, you get two or more plants with very tangled seeds. Dividing them is difficult from cell packs. It can be done. Beets are very hardy and if the weather is cool, a damaged plant can survive. A damaged plant is typically a plant with like a single strand of root.
|Beet Transplants - The Rusted Garden: Gary Pilarchik|
|Beet Root Cluster - The Rusted Garden: Gary Pilarchik|
Even the roots of beets are red. This cluster is several beets. Tear from the bottom until you reach the leave and plant cluster. Make a wish a break the best you can. You are just breaking the clump one time. Don't try and break every plant out. Even if some plant die you will have beets. You can also harvest the leaves for salads.
|Splitting Beet Transplants in Two: Gary Pilarchik|
Plant them in a hole the is deeper than the roots and back fill. Gently press the soil around the plant and water daily for several days, especially if it is sunny and in the 70's. You can see more than two plants in the picture below.
|Transplanting Beets - The Rusted Garden: Gary Pilarchik|
|A Row of Transplanted Beets: Gary Pilarchik|


Manatee County Veterans Council
Manatee County Veterans Council
United States Merchant Marine
The United States Merchant Marine refers to either United States civilian mariners or to a fleet of U.S. civilian and federally owned merchant vessels. These fleets are managed by either the government or private sector, and engage in commerce or transportation of goods and services in and out of the navigable waters of the United States. The Merchant Marine is responsible for transporting cargo and passengers during peacetime. In times of war, they can be an auxiliary to the United States Navy, and can be called upon to deliver military personnel and materiel for the military. Merchant Marine Officers may also be designated as Military Officers by the Department of Defense. This is commonly achieved by commissioning unlimited tonnage Merchant Marine Officers as Strategic Sealift Officers in the Naval Reserves.
As of 2006, the United States merchant fleet had 465 privately owned ships of 1,000 or more gross register tons. Nearly 800 American-owned ships are flagged in other nations.
The federal government maintains fleets of merchant ships via organizations such as Military Sealift Command and the National Defense Reserve Fleet, which is managed by the United States Maritime Administration. In 2004, the federal government employed approximately 5% of all American water transportation workers.
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Created by: Carl Hunsinger


text: Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) has recently been used for assessing the cerebral oxygen metabolism. However, a systematic investigation on the most suitable imaging parameters and reconstruction algorithms for determining the venous susceptibility values is missing. Therefore, we investigated both, the impact of flow compensation and accelerated acquisition as well as different reconstruction methods on measured venous susceptibility. Our results suggest that the choice of reconstruction technique can significantly influence the venous susceptibility values while the investigated imaging parameters did not considerably affect its accuracy. Thus, the applied QSM reconstruction technique has to be considered carefully when quantifying the venous oxygenation.


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What does Bob mean?
The meaning of Bob is "bright fame".
Bob is generally used as a boy's name.
It consists of 3 letters and 1 syllable and is pronounced Bob.
The Given Name Bob
Embraced by many parents, the name Bob, is one of warmth and distinction.
A name fit for a child full of adventure and authenticness, a little trailblazer.
Although unique, your little attractive Bob, is sure to make it a memorable one.
Some famous bearers of this name include: Bob 'The Boomer' Brown, and Bob Acres.
In contrast, the year before it ranked 10,841 in baby name popularity for boys with 6 occurrences. Less than 5 girls were given the name.
The trend's your friend. See how Bob has changed in popularity since 1880 by visiting the Bob Name Popularity Page.
Bob Related Names
- Bob ~ 3 hurricanes
- Bob 'The Boomer' Brown ~ Football Player
- Bob Acres ~ The Rivals character
- Bob Cousy ~ Basketball Player
- Bob Davies ~ Basketball Player
- Bob Dylan ~ Folk Musician
- Bob Feller ~ Baseball Player
- Bob Gainey ~ Ice Hockey Player
- Bob Gibson ~ Baseball Player
- Bob Griese ~ Football Player
- Bob Hawke ~ Australian Prime Minister (_PHONE_)
- Bob Hayes ~ Football Player
- Bob Hope ~ Actor
- Bob Hoskins ~ Actor
- Bob Houbregs ~ Basketball Player
- Bob Kurland ~ Basketball Player
- Bob Lanier ~ Basketball Player
- Bob Lemon ~ Baseball Player
- Bob Lilly ~ Football Player
- Bob Marley ~ Musician
- Bob McAdoo ~ Basketball Player
- Bob Newhart ~ Actor
- Bob Peck ~ Actor
- Bob Pettit ~ Basketball Player
- Bob Pulford ~ Ice Hockey Player
- Bob St. Clair ~ Football Player
- Bob Waterfield ~ Football Player
It may all be in the numbers.
The numbers that make up your child's name.
Numerology may give you some insight.
Children named Bob are often animated and nervous but most of all they are read more >>
Bob Name Fun
Then just follow the diagram below.


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What Moves Aussie Dollar Currency Futures?
audusd price study
The Aussie dollar currency futures is very popular in the currency futures markets. If you plan to trade with this currency, it is important to have a look at its background.
The Australian decimal currency was introduced in 1966 to replace the Australian pound. The exchange rate at that time was set at $2.50 to the sterling pound. In 1967, Australia stopped pegging its currency to the sterling pound and pegged to the US dollar at a rate of 1 Australian dollar=1.12 US dollars.
It is worth noting that the paper currency is made from polymer, which makes counterfeiting difficult.
Daily Australian Dollar Prices (CME)
Chinese Economy Affects Aussie Dollar Currency Futures
The Australian economy is highly dependent on the extraction of mineral resources. 43 percent of mineral trading is done with north Asia while Southeast Asia accounts for 15 percent. The Chinese are also the biggest investors in the mineral extraction industry in Australia.
This demand from China has been used by many traders as a signal to trade in Aussie dollar currency futures.
Price Of Commodities
The rise of commodity prices leads to inflationary pressures in most developed countries. This is because the manufacturing sector is expected to suffer as raw commodities inputs became more expensive. The Australian dollar gains from currency futures traders taking long positions in Aussie dollar currency futures and shorting the currencies of affected countries.
audusd point and figure chart
Carry Trades
Because of the high interest rates, the Aussie dollar currency futures are a favorite of carry traders. Carry trades are taking long positions in the Aussie dollar versus a currency of a lower interest rate. Most of these are in Japanese yen, which has the lowest interest rate.
The carry trader profits from the interest gained overnight, and the gains in the Aussie dollar. Held over a long term, this is a simple strategy that guaranteed respectable profits.
Trade Balances
The flow of money out or into Australia affects the exchange rate of the Australian dollar. The outflow of Australian dollars puts downward pressure on the currency. This leads to a weakening of the currency on the global market. The opposite is true for the Australian dollar.
Inflationary Forces
High rates of inflation would make imported goods cheaper than locally produced goods. This would result in huge outflows of the Australian dollar as foreign goods are being purchased, leading to negative impact on the exchange rate.
Speculation On The Aussie Dollar Currency Futures
Speculation can affect the exchange rate significantly. In a situation where speculators are convinced the economy will falter, the Australian dollar will be sold. This will exert negative pressure on the currency leading to its value falling.
Regional Economies
Due to its strong ties to Asian economies, it is important to look at the demand of resources in India, Japan, and China. In the past, demand for commodities in these regions has an effect in the state of the Australian dollar.
Active Hours To Trade In The Aussie Dollar
In general, the most active trading hours are between the opening of the London markets at 8:00 GMT and the closing of the US market at 22:00 GMT. During this period the markets are busiest from 13:00 GMT to 16:00 GMT.
Government Intervention On The Aussie Dollar Exchange Rate
The reserve bank of Australia has raised interest rates by 0.25 percent. Analysts however expect the rates to be further raised to between 4.5 percent and 6 percent. The RBA expects to keep inflation between 2-3 percent. In addition the unemployment rate has fallen to 5.3 percent. This is good news for the Aussie dollar currency futures.


What is the X in X-mas?
ion propulsion
Rocketry. a projected type of propulsion for vehicles in outer space, the exhaust consisting of positive ions and negative electrons repelled from the vehicle by electrostatic forces, resulting in a very high exhaust velocity.
Also, ionic propulsion. Unabridged
Cite This Source
Examples from the web for ion propulsion
 - Install an ion propulsion engine and send it slowly to its destination.
Word of the Day
Difficulty index for ion propulsion
Few English speakers likely know this word
Word Value for ion
Scrabble Words With Friends
Nearby words for ion propulsion


Tuesday, 7 April 2020
Authentication from a Xamarin.Forms app using WebAuthenticator
The OAuth 2.0 for Native Apps spec represents the best practices for OAuth 2.0 authentication flows from mobile apps. These include:
 - Authentication requests should only be made through external user agents, such as the browser. This results in better security, and enables use of the user's current authentication state, making single sign-on possible. Conversely, this means that authentication requests should never be made through a WebView. WebView controls are unsafe for third parties, as they leave the authorization grant and user's credentials vulnerable to recording or malicious use. In addition, WebView controls don't share authentication state, meaning single sign-on isn't possible.
 - Native apps must request user authorization by creating a URI with the appropriate grant types. The app then redirects the user to this request URI. A redirect URI that the native app can receive and parse must also be supplied.
 - Native apps must use the Proof Key for Code Exchange (PKCE) protocol, to defend against apps on the same device potentially intercepting the authorization code.
 - Native apps should use the authorization code grant flow with PKCE. Conversely, native apps shouldn't use the implicit grant flow.
 - Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) attacks should be migitated by using the state parameter to link requests and responses.
Ultimately, the OAuth 2.0 authentication flow for native apps becomes:
 1. The native app opens a browser tab with the authorisation request.
 2. The authorisation endpoint receives the authorisation request, authenticates the user, and obtains authorisation.
 3. The authorisation server issues an authoration code to the redirect URI.
 4. The native app receives the authorisation code from the redirect URI.
 5. The native app presents the authorisation code at the token endpoint.
 6. The token endpoint validates the authorization code and issues the requested tokens.
I'd previously written a Xamarin.Forms sample to do this without any additional libraries, and one with the IdentityModel.OidcClient2 library, which is OpenID certified. Both samples consume endpoints on a publically available IdentityServer site, and use platform code to invoke native browsers.
Enter Xamarin.Essentials
Xamarin.Essentials recently introduced a WebAuthenticator class, which is a web navigation API that can be used for authentication with web services. The class contains a single method, AuthenticateAsync, which starts an authentication flow by navigating to a specified URI, and then waits for a callback/redirect to the redirect URI scheme. The whole point of the class is that it avoids having to write platform code to invoke native browsers. For more information, see the WebAuthenticator doc.
I decided to test drive WebAuthenticator by using it to initate an authentication flow with IdentityServer. However, an authentication flow from a mobile app should include a web backend between the mobile app and the authentication provider. This is to avoid including client secrets in your mobile app, which is considered to be insecure. However, I've avoided a web backend as middleware here, as I just want to see what's involved in authenticating with IdentityServer using the WebAuthenticator class.
However, before you can use WebAuthenticator to authenticate with IdentityServer, you first have to perform some platform specific setup.
Platform setup
On Android, you require an IntentFilter to handle your redirect URI. This can be accomplished by subclassing the Xamarin.Essentials WebAuthenticatorCallbackActivity class:
[Activity(NoHistory = true, LaunchMode = LaunchMode.SingleTop)]
[IntentFilter(new[] { Intent.ActionView},
 Categories = new[] { Intent.CategoryDefault, Intent.CategoryBrowsable},
 DataScheme = "io.identitymodel.native",
 DataHost = "callback")]
public class WebAuthenticationCallbackActivity : WebAuthenticatorCallbackActivity
You'll also need to overide the OnResume method in your MainActivity class, to call back into Xamarin.Essentials:
protected override void OnResume()
On iOS, you'll need to add your app's redirect URI to your Info.plist file:
You'll also need to overide the OpenUrl method in your AppDelegate class, to call back into Xamarin.Essentials:
 if (Xamarin.Essentials.Platform.OpenUrl(app, url, options))
 return true;
 return base.OpenUrl(app, url, options);
On UWP, you need to declare your redirect URI in your Package.appxmanifest file:

Start an authentication flow with WebAuthenticator
An authentication flow with IdentityServer can be started by creating the start URI, and passing it to the AuthenticateAsync method along with the redirect URI:
string url = identityService.CreateAuthorizationRequest();
var authResult = await WebAuthenticator.AuthenticateAsync(new Uri(url), new Uri(Constants.RedirectUri));
If you aren't familiar with the process of building an authorization request to IdentityServer, I recommend you look at the IdentityService class in the sample. It involves creating a long query string that contains data that indicates to IdentityServer what kind of authentication flow to kick off.
The AuthenticateAsync method returns a WebAuthenticatorResult object, which contains a number of properties, such as AccessToken, and RefreshToken. More importantly, it has a Properties dictionary that contains all of the query string or URI fragment properties, that can then be accessed by their key. Therefore, the Properties dictionary can be parsed to build the raw response sent by IdentityServer:
string raw = ParseAuthenticatorResult(authResult);
authorizeResponse = new AuthorizeResponse(raw);
string ParseAuthenticatorResult(WebAuthenticatorResult result)
 string code = result?.Properties["code"];
 string idToken = result?.IdToken;
 string scope = result?.Properties["scope"];
 string state = result?.Properties["state"];
 string sessionState = result?.Properties["session_state"];
 return $"{Constants.RedirectUri}_TAG_={code}&id_token={idToken}&scope={scope}&state={state}&session_state={sessionState}";
The result of a successful authentication flow is that the AuthorizeResponse object contains an authorization code, that can then be exchanged for the requested tokens:
UserToken userToken = await identityService.GetTokenAsync(authorizeResponse.Code);
If the UserToken object contains an access token, it can be used when making API calls to IdentityServer:
var content = await identityService.GetAsync($"{Constants.ApiUri}test", userToken.AccessToken);
Wrapping up
Although there's a lot going on here, in terms of generating the start URI, and processing the response from the redirect URI, using the WebAuthenticator class has avoided having to write platform code to invoke native browsers. This can be a considerable amount of work, depending on the platform, and it can also be confusing if you aren't familiar with the intricacies of each platform.
I've deliberately left out a lot of code from this blog post, which generates the queries to send to IdentityServer. This is because my aim wasn't to cover the intricacies of IdentityServer, but instead how to initiate an authentication flow with WebAuthenticator, and how to process its response. I also said that all of this is simple, but it's only simple if you have a good understanding of the OAuth 2.0 spec. If you don't, it can be overwhelming. Therefore, in my next blog post I'll look at simplifying all of this by using the IdentityModel.OidcClient library.
The sample this code comes from can be found on GitHub.
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Divided payout and future earnings growth : a South African study
Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.
In the past it was believed that the payment of dividends would decrease the funds available to finance growth, and would therefore lead to lower future earnings growth. This belief was challenged in recent years with research that tested the relationship between dividend payout and future earnings growth, both on the individual company and aggregate market level in different countries. The results contradicted popular belief, and showed that companies with high payout ratios tend to realise stronger future earnings growth. This study tested the same relationship in South Africa and concluded that even in a developing country, dividend payout will still lead to higher future earnings growth.


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Posted 1 year ago
Known as the most important Artifact ever to have arrived on New Zealand shores...the "Pompallier Madonna" was brought out here in the mid 1800's by a French Missionary.
Rumours persist that their was secret Vatican involvement after the original Byzantine Parchment was stolen from a local High School in Wellington NZ in the 1960's. There are also rumours that the next day it turned up in a secondhand shop window but as the original has never been found it is a true Unsolved Mystery!!
Given to the Pope Pius IX in 1846 as a Coronation Gift by The Sisters of the Campus Martius. He later gave it to Bishop Jean Baptiste Francois Pompallier in Rome in 1847 - to bring the ancient small painting to New Zealand to establish the Catholic Church in New Zealand. Pope Pius IX (_PHONE_) he proclaimed the dogmas of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin in 1854 his pontificate was the longest in history. Henceforth the Virgin Icon representing his vision of the Catholicism. Interesting it wasn't Christ at the centre of the faith.
In 750AD, The Sisters of the Immaculate Conception took it from Byzantine to Rome during a time of iconoclastic persecution in the East.
Mine is a Lithograph Reproduction of the Original and the same size. It has golden gilt? on it. The original was in an oval frame as shown in the reproduction.
I hope one day to stumble upon the original if it is still in NZ.
I am unsure as to HOW MANY LITHOGRAPHS EXIST??? Would anybody know???
An interesting article on this Icon in NZ Newspaper - (i stole bits :-)
A REAL LIFE DA VINCI CODE - who can crack this?


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Towards a technological university: A design approach to knowledge creation
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Irish economic strategies, in line with broader global strategies, aim to promote innovation and knowledge creation. The past notion that knowledge was a learned entity which stopped and was repeated as needed no longer fits. It is considered that in order to develop innovative fluid thinking and new knowledge creation, the focus shifts from the actual knowledge to the competencies and skills that the practice and application of the knowledge brings. In direct response to this, the Irish Higher Education system is witnessing a period of transition. As part of this transition, some of the Institutes of Technology (IOTs) will merge to become Technological Universities (TUs). The TU focus will extend beyond teaching and learning towards innovation and knowledge creation. The Irish design education sector is innovation focussed and is based on a tradition of practice oriented learning. This thesis aims to position the role of practice oriented learning in the context of innovation and knowledge creation within Irish design education. The approach may now be of value as a process in knowledge creation in other disciplines, as they transition to the emergent Irish TU model. In order to achieve this the overall research area was refined and broken down into the following research questions: 1. What is the strategy behind the focus on knowledge creation and innovation within the transitioning higher education system? 2. How is knowledge created within design education? 3. What role does practice oriented learning play in achieving knowledge creation? 4. How can the value of practice oriented learning benefit an emerging TU culture? Design research is based upon the ability to identify and implement the most appropriate approach to data collection and the analysis of collected material. The 'research through design' approach was the selected methodology for the project. Research through design presumes an interpretative understanding of the material or data being collected. It works when there is an openness and readiness to engage in new or surprising situations in the course of research. This methodology has a focus on synthesising information to form creative insights. The approach was selected as it does not pursue verification or falsification, but rather an interactive interpretative dialogue with the design situation (Frayling, 1993). This is appropriate when the research seeks to uncover strategy as opposed to gathering facts or data, we seek instead to make meaning of the data. One approach to synthesising information involves deep interaction with the data through visual mapping. This approach was selected on the basis that visual mapping would provide a means to deal with the complexity of considering three key areas of research namely; policy, industry and education. The visual mapping enables us to see how and when policy, industry and education interact to arrive at today's strategy for the emerging TU's. This involves decision making throughout the project based on analysis and findings to provide direction. Whilst this method provides a clear rationale for the project direction there is still an amount of subjective interpretation. In order to provide further rigour to this method, a pragmatic approach was taken to test findings through field research using interviews, observations and workshops. In addition to this, peer review and publications were carried out throughout the project. The peer reviews acted as a test bed for the latest thinking in this research area from an international context. The findings to date indicate the strategy behind the transitioning Irish Higher education system is to promote knowledge creation as opposed to the traditional knowledge consumption. This is being driven by economic demands in response to the global shift from production based economy to knowledge based economy. The economic demands are both national and International and strive for innovation through knowledge creation. The thesis defines knowledge creation within design education as a specific process of tacit and explicit knowledge exchanges that occur within a shared space or context. Tacit knowledge is explored as informal knowledge based on experiences, insights and intuition. The findings show that tacit knowledge is produced through practice oriented learning approach used in Irish design education. This approach, used by design may be of value to other disciplines as existing structures transition towards the emerging model of TU with the aim of promoting knowledge creation.
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text: The rain sensor activates the windshield wipers automatically when rain or other moisture appears on the windshield, and adapts the wiper interval to match the amount of rain. How it works: light-emitting diodes inside the rain sensor emit an invisible infrared light which is reflected by the outside surface of the windscreen and measured by photodiodes. If the full amount of light returns to the photodiode, the windshield is dry. A film of water or drops on the windscreen break up the light emitted. As the measuring process is permanent, the electronics can control the wiper intervals perfectly.


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Goats, like most hoofed mammals, have horizontal pupils. The purpose of those elongated pupils is to allow them to scan the horizon for possible predators.
When a goat's head tilts up (to look around) and down (to munch on grass), an amazing thing happens. The eyeballs actually rotate clockwise or counterclockwise within the eye socket. This keeps the pupils oriented to the horizontal.
That seems impossible to believe. Eyeballs might be able to scan from side to side, or swivel up and down, but how could they actually rotate clockwise or counterclockwise?
To test out this theory, I took photos of Lucky the goat's head in two different positions, down and up. I then tilted one of the photos so that the slope of his forehead (marked by arrows) was constant. The photos prove that the pupils actually swivel about 25 degrees within the head.


Green Office Screens
Preserved plants are plants and flowers that have been 100% preserved by using natural techniques. The preservation liquid replaces the sap and water of the plant species used. This method preserves the plants freshness, keeping its natural beauty with no maintenance required. It has been proven by many scientific studies that having more greenery around the workplace has positive effects on employees. The effects of nature help reduce stress, increase productivity and offer a stylish and env


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In 1881, David Gestetner invented the first stencil copier. It was the earliest form of mechanically duplicating a printed image. It was based on the principle of punching small holes through a thin woven paper so ink could pass through to form an image.
A later version contained a small rotating stylus which Gestetner called a 'cyclostyle'. The needle drew onto delicate wax paper without breaking the surface. A hinged printing frame was then inked by hand for each copy that was required.
Factory in Tottenham
As Gestetner's invention became a success, his business grew. A factory was established in Tottenham which employed 6000 people. The factory remained open until the 1970s when it relocated to Wellingborough in Northamptonshire. Gestetner is now a hugely successful international corporation, supplying office equipment and services throughout the world.
Museum number L149


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Inquisit Language Reference
The number of times the specified element has been run withing the current block.

If the element is a block, this property always returns 1 because a block can only be run once within a single block. If the element is a trial, this property returns the number of times the given trial has been run within the block.
The following displays the value of count in a text stimulus:
/ items= ("count = <% trial.sometrial.count %>")
The following displays the value of count in an instruction page:
count = <% trial.sometrial.count %>


Category Archives: ruby
Playing with Arduino: real HashtagBattle Twitter display
I just started a few days ago to play with Arduino.
First, I must say it's a great platform: setup is easy, samples are great. I've made some embeeded development by the past, and I would dreamed of such platform!
So here is my first small project: an "Hashtagbattle display"
Real World hashtagBattle
The idea is to show the result of an Hashtagbattle on Twitter using a something more physical, in that case an arrow indicating the tendance of the results.
So we are couting the number of tweets containing hashtag a (let's say "iphone") and compare it to the numbers of tweet containing hashtag b (let's say "_TAG_") and the direction of the arrow depend of the result. If we have the same amount of hashtag b and hashtag a, the arrow will indicate the center.
The small difficulty here was to use the streaming API of Twitter to do this real time
The board:
- the board is quite simple: there is a servo that will display the arrow direction, and two leds, a red and green, each one flashing when there is on tweet on HashTag A (red) or HashTag B are coming
The software:
As I currently have only an Arduino UNO, there is no direct connection with the internet. But I use the PC for this task, and communicate with the board through the serial line.
So the PC sends every 100 ms a line with 3 informations:
- the angle of the servo
- 0 or 1 to indicate if first leds need to be enabled
- 0 or 1 to indicate if second leds needs to be enabled
For instance:
32 1 0
Will tell that the servo need to be of 32° and red led needs to blink
So the program is the following:
require 'tweetstream'
require "serialport"
input=ARGV.shift || "_TAG_,_TAG_"
_TAG_ for serial port
port_str = "/dev/tty.usbmodem1411" _TAG_ be different for you
sp =, 9600, 8, 1, SerialPort::NONE)
TweetStream.configure do |config|
 config.consumer_key = ''
 config.consumer_secret = ''
 config.oauth_token = ''
 config.oauth_token_secret = ''
 config.auth_method = :oauth
words=input.split(','){|w| []}
sp.puts "512 0 0" # reset the servo
_USER_.track(words) do |tweet|
 words.each_with_index do |word,i|
 if search.include? word
 if (>0.11
 str=ratio.to_s+" "+flags.join(' ')
 puts str
 sp.puts str,0)
Note that you canstart with parameters:
ruby notifyTweets.rb "_TAG_,_TAG_"
or use words instead of hashtags:
ruby notifTweets.rb "apple,orange"
The program needs to be run on the PC where the arduino is connected!
The Arduino part is here
We just se the serial line, wait for a line, and extract the informations from it.
_TAG_
int ledPin=13; // select the input pin for the potentiometer
int nbLed=2;
Servo myservo; // create servo object to control a servo
void setup() {
 // Open serial communications and wait for port to open:
 while (!Serial) {
 for(int i=0;iindex? data.substring(strIndex[0], strIndex[1]) : "";
void loop() {
 if(Serial.available() >0) {
 String str=Serial.readStringUntil('\n');
 // look for the next valid integer in the incoming serial stream:
 if(!getValue(str,' ',i+1).equals("0")){
 digitalWrite(ledPin-i, HIGH);
 myservo.write(getValue(str,' ',0).toInt());
 digitalWrite(ledPin-i, LOW);
That's all for this first project, was really fast to develop, thanks to Arduino (and Ruby!)
SpaceSaving algorithm (heavyhitter): compute real time data in streams
I've just discovered recently the SpaceSaving algorithm ( ) which is very interesting.
The purpose of this algorithm is to approximate computation of data from an infinite stream using a data structure with a finite size. The typical problem we try to solve is to count the number of occurrences of items coming from an infinite stream.
The obvious approach, is to have a map of items,count somewhere (memory, database) and to increment the count (or create it if not present) in the map
Depending of the distribution, the map size can be as big as the number of items in the feed (so infinite!)
Thanks to the heavy hitter algorithm, you just maintain a small subset of items, and an error associate with them.
If an item is not yet present in the map, you remove the previous minus and replace it with this one, and set the error count to the new one to the total count of the previous one.
So basically, you can have an item appears in the map but with an high error count.
The result depends of the number chosen for the size of the map, and of the distribution of the data, but I wanted to try by myself and Ive done a small implementation in ruby and a sample using the Twitter real time stream to cunt URL's occurrence in the feed
class SpaceSaving
 attr_accessor :counts,:errors
 def initialize in_max_entries=1_000
 _TAG_ a value in the array
 def add_entry value,inc_count=1
 if count==nil _TAG_
 if _USER_.size>=_USER_
 old=counts.key min
 _USER_.delete old
 _USER_.delete old
I just wanted to keep it as simple as possible for now, but in a real world example, it would be good to encapsulate the way to access to the _USER_ field.
By default, the size of the map is set to 1.000, but this can be modified….
And the sample.rb
require 'bundler/setup'
require 'tweetstream'
require './SpaceSaving.rb'
TweetStream.configure do |config|
 config.consumer_key =
 config.consumer_secret =
 config.oauth_token =
 config.oauth_token_secret =
 config.auth_method = :oauth
_USER_.track('http') do |status|
 # add each URL in the tweet, and count it once
 status.urls.each do |url|
 if total%1000==0 then
 puts "Treated:#{total}"
 urls.counts.each do|u,c|
 if c>limit
 puts "Counts #{c} #{u} errors:#{urls.errors[u]}"
The complete sourcecode is available on Github:
So I've made a few tests and comparaison with an exact approach, and the result for the top 20 was similar, even after 600.000 tweets parsed, with a "small" 1.000 size comparing to around 300.000 entries for the exact algo.


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Commerce ministers of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) held an extraordinary virtual meeting to discuss the economic impact of the outbreak of coronavirus (COVID-19), citing the role of their ministries to guarantee the provision and flow of basic and necessary commodities to citizens and residents in their countries, assist the private sector to enable it fulfill its role in the economy amid the current extraordinary circumstances and assess the developments as well as the precautionary measures being implemented by the GCC countries to curb the epidemic.
The meeting was headed by the Minister of Economy of the United Arab Emirates Eng. Sultan bin Saeed Al-Mansouri in the attendance of his GCC counterparts in addition to the GCC Secretary General Dr. Nayef bin Falah Al-Hajraf.
During the meeting, the ministers of commerce reviewed the recommendations submitted by the undersecretaries of their ministries of commerce, focusing on the importance of cooperation to guarantee the flow of basic goods and commodities to citizens and residents in the GCC countries, got informed of the precautionary measures being taken by their countries to prevent the spread of the disease and reviewed the urgent initiatives taken by the GCC countries to provide support for the private sector, particularly the small and medium enterprises as well as the economic activities affected by the epidemic.
The ministers underscored the importance of goods smooth flow among the GCC countries so that no contradiction could take place between measures allowing goods to move and precautionary measures barring humans from moving as both measures constitute a common goal to curb the epidemic. They also asserted the importance of keeping their airports, sea ports and land exits open to transport commodities among the GCC countries.
The ministers formed a task team from their ministries to coordinate with each other in an endeavor to follow up and eradicate any obstacle that might face the flow of goods among the GCC countries.


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The Truth Behind 'Go Ask Alice'
Aug. 3, 2022 – If you grew up in the 1970s and 1980s, chances are high you're familiar with Go Ask Alice.
What was then said to be the real diary of a 15-year-old promising teen turned drug addict was released in 1971 as a cautionary tale and has since sold over 5 million copies. The diary was harrowing against the backdrop of the war on drugs and soon became both acclaimed and banned from classrooms across the country.
Schools citied "inappropriate" language that "borders on pornography" as grounds to prohibit teenagers from reading Alice's story. But as much as the book's vivid writing offended readers, it drew millions in with its profanity and graphic descriptions of sex, drugs, and mental health struggles.
At the time, TheNew York Times reviewed the book as "a strong, painfully honest, nakedly candid and true story … a document of horrifying reality," but the popular diary was later found to be a ploy – a fake story written by a 54-year-old Mormon youth counselor named Beatrice Sparks.
Now, Sparks, who died in 2012, has been further exposed in radio personality Rick Emerson's new book, Unmask Alice: LSD, Satanic Panic, and the Imposter Behind the World's Most Notorious Diaries. Emerson published the exposé in July, years after he had the idea to investigate Sparks's work in 2015. The book details Sparks's background, her journey in creating Alice, and her quest to be recognized for the teen diary she had published as "Anonymous."
"After 30 years of trying, Beatrice Sparks had changed the world. And nobody knew it," Emerson told the New York Post.
In his work, Emerson also dives into the profound impact of the diary at a time when not as much research existed on teen mental health.
When the teenager whose diary inspired Sparks's writing "died in March 1971, the very first true study of adolescent psychology had just barely come out," Emerson said to Rolling Stone. "Mental health, especially for young people, was still very much on training wheels."
According to Emerson, a lack of insight into mental health issues allowed Sparks's description to go relatively unchallenged and for the book's influence to spread despite its misinformation.
"It's indisputable that large sections of 'Go Ask Alice' are just embellished and/or false," he told the Post.
Then vs. Now
When Go Ask Alice was published, child psychiatry and psychology literature contained relatively few references to depression, confirming a 2021 analysis of academic literature on childhood and adolescent depression from 1970 to 2019.
This landscape is in stark contrast to today, where thousands of studies on the topic have been done, compared to the mere dozens in the 1970s.
Anxiety and depression in minors have increased over time, a trend worsened by the COVID-19 pandemic, according to the CDC. Studies have shown that reported drug use in teens has decreased over time, proving significant during the pandemic, according to the National Institutes of Health.
While Alice from Go Ask Alice has not existed in either, comparing the two periods can offer insight into teens' struggles in the 1970s vs. today and sheds light on how literature – fiction or faked fiction – can transform a nation.


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Space Pirates and Zombies v1.000 cracked-THETA
P2P Group THETA again with the latest update of the game, Changelog is quite big so its worth an update if you already have the last one.Space Pirates and Zombies takes place far enough in the future that Earth has become a toxic backwater planet, so potentially not that far in the future. The galaxy has been colonized by humans, and the only means to travel to new star systems is through highly restricted and well defended warp gates. It is well known that systems closer to the galactic core become richer and richer as well as more scientifically advanced. This has led to theories of a secret system with a cache of treasure or knowledge at the galactic core feeding this growth. As a pirate, you must assemble a fleet and discover what treasure awaits you there.
- 33 ships to research, build, outfit and pilot.
- 70 unique components to discover and customize your fleet's performance.
- Totally physics based combat system.
- Fight Zombie infestations, battling a full zombie ecosystem comprising four stages of un-life.
- Explore a persistent randomly generated galaxy containing hundreds of star systems.
- Freedom to explore the galaxy and take on challenges at your own pace.
- Aid, flee, or exploit the warring factions in each star system.
- The unique event system lets the player change the balance of power in any star system.
- Carefully spend your hard earned research points on hundreds of upgrades across 15 categories.


text:
Key Difference – Chemical vs Electrical Synapse
Chemical and electrical synapses are specialized biological structures found in the nervous system; they connect neurons together and transmit signals across the neurons. The key difference between chemical and electrical synapse is their method of transmitting signals; chemical synapse pass signals in the form of chemical molecules called neurotransmitters while electrical synapse transmits signals in the form of electrical signals without the use of molecules. The structure of chemical synapse and electrical synapse is also slightly different from each other due to their mode of action.
What is a Synapse?
A synapse can be defined as a structure mediating the transmission of signals from one neuron to the adjacent neuron. Synapses are found in the nervous system. They can transmit either electrical signals or chemical signals. Synapses can be classified two main types according to this type of the signal: electrical synapse and chemical synapse. At the synapse, the communicating two neurons come closer by their plasma membranes to pass the signal accurately and efficiently. The neuron which sends the signal consists of the presynaptic end while the neuron receiving the signal consists of the postsynaptic end. These ends can be seen in axon and dendrite/soma respectively.
What is Chemical Synapse?
Chemical synapse is a biological structure that can be found among two neurons or among a neuron and a nonneuronal cell and its main function is to communicate with each other via chemical messengers as shown in figure 01. These chemical messengers are known as neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters are produced and packaged inside the small vesicles known as synaptic vesicles. Synaptic vesicles are filled with neurotransmitters and accumulate near the presynaptic end of the presynaptic neuron. When the action potential changes in the presynaptic neuron membrane, these neurotransmitters are released by exocytosis to a space called synaptic cleft. Once these neurotransmitters enter into the synaptic cleft, they bind with the specific receptors located on the surface of the postsynaptic neuron and give the information. This is the type of chemical signal transmission that occurs at the chemical synapse; thus, these structures are of utmost importance to connect the nervous system without collapse. Signal transmission through chemical synapse occurs in only one direction.
One organism contains a huge number of chemical synapse in its nervous system. An adult may have 1000 to 5000 trillion chemical synapses in the central nervous system. This number can vary with the age.
What is an Electrical Synapse?
An electrical synapse is a structure which facilitates two neurons to communicate with each other through electrical signals without any chemical involvement. In an electrical synapse, presynaptic neuron membrane and postsynaptic neuron membrane come extremely closer to each other and connect by making a channel called gap junction as shown in figure 2. Then the signal which is in the form of ionic current, flows through the gap junction passively, allowing the signal transmission. A gap junction is formed using protein channels called connexons. Connexons are tube-like proteins which make a passage through two neurons.
What is the difference between Chemical and Electrical Synapse?
Chemical vs Electrical Synapse
|In chemical synapse, signal transmission happens through chemical molecules called neurotransmitters.||In electrical synapse, signal transmission happens in the form of electrical signals without the use of molecules.|
|Modification of Signals|
|Signals are modified during the transmission.||Signals are not modified during the transmission.|
|Release of Signals|
|Neurotransmitters are released by exocytosis and diffused in the synapsis cleft and then are bound to receptors.||Electric signal pass via gap junctions.|
|Space Between Two Neurons|
|Space between the pre and postsynaptic ends is larger.||Space between the pre and postsynaptic ends is very small.|
|Direction of Signal|
|Signal transmission happens only into one direction.||Signal transmission can happen in both directions.|
|Signal transmission requires energy. So it's an active process.||Signal transmission happens without utilizing energy. So it's a passive process.|
|Speed of Transmission|
|Signal transmission happens at a moderate speed.||Signal transmission is extremely fast.|
Summary – Chemical vs Electrical Synapse
There are two main types of synapses called chemical and electrical synapses. Chemical synapse uses chemicals called neurotransmitters to transmit signals along the neurons and facilitates a unidirectional transmission. Electrical synapse uses an ionic current to transmit signals along the neurons and facilitates transmission in both directions. The space between two neurons in the chemical synapse is larger and is known as synaptic cleft. Neurotransmitters are diffused in the synaptic cleft till they find their specific receptors. Two neurons in the electric synapse physically connect with each other through gap junctions; hence, the space is very small.
1. Purves, Dale. "Chemical Synapses." Neuroscience. 2nd edition. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 01 Jan. 1970. Web. 06 Feb. 2017
2. Purves, Dale. "Electrical Synapses." Neuroscience. 2nd edition. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 01 Jan. 1970. Web. 06 Feb. 2017
3. Nicholls, J. G., and D. Purves. "A comparison of chemical and electrical synaptic transmission between single sensory cells and a motoneurone in the central nervous system of the leech." The Journal of Physiology. U.S. National Library of Medicine, Sept. 1972. Web. 06 Feb. 2017


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I'm facing problem in adding a drawable object to a Parcel object, in order to send an object from one activity to another activity.
There are methods like writeString(String) to add strings to a Parcel object. But do not know how to add a Drawable to the Parcel object.
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3 Answers 3
up vote 3 down vote accepted
You cannot add a Drawable to a Parcel, as Drawable does not implement the Parcelable interface. Certain types of Drawable might implement Parcelable, but I am not aware of any.
You can put in the Parcel some identifier (e.g., drawable resource ID) and have the recipient obtain the Drawable on its own.
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I think you can try wrapping the Drawable inside an object that implements Parcelable.
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You can do that using Bitmap and BitmapDrawable.
Let's say you have a Drawable called drawable and a Parcel (in which the object should be written) called parcel.
To write a Drawable into a Parceable:
if ( drawable!= null ) {
 Bitmap bitmap = (Bitmap) ((BitmapDrawable) drawable).getBitmap();
 parcel.writeParcelable(bitmap, flags);
else {
 parcel.writeParcelable(null, flags);
To read the Drawable from the Parceable:
Bitmap bitmap = (Bitmap) in.readParcelable(getClass().getClassLoader());
if ( bitmap!= null ) {
 drawable = new BitmapDrawable(bitmap);
else {
 drawable = null;
In particular, since the constructor BitmapDrawable (Bitmap bitmap) has been deprecated, you might want to use BitmapDrawable (Resources res, Bitmap bitmap) instead.
drawable = new BitmapDrawable(context.getResources(), bitmap);
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text:
It is demonstrated that palynomorphs can occur in fired ancient potsherds when the firing temperature was under 350°C. Pollen and phytoliths recovered from incompletely fired and fully fired potsherds (ca. 2700 yrs BP) from the Yanghai Tombs, Turpan, Xinjiang, NW China can be used as potential indicators for reconstructing past vegetation and corresponding climate in the area.
The results show a higher rate of recovery of pollen and phytoliths from incompletely fired potsherds than from fully fired ones. Charred phytoliths recovered from both fully fired and incompletely fired potsherds prove that degree and condition of firing result in a permanent change in phytolith color.
The palynological data, together with previous data of macrobotanical remains from the Yanghai Tombs, suggest that temperate vegetation and arid climatic conditions dominated in the area ca. 2700 yrs BP.


text:
The aims of this study were 1) to evaluate the current pilot test method and ascertain reliable measurements for a standard test method of mobility with personal protective equipment (PPE), such as physical performance and balance ability tests; 2) to compare two participant groups (firefighters versus non-firefighters) and to investigate whether non-firefighters are appropriate as a standard participant group in the field of PPE or not. Totally, 18 participants (nine professional firefighters and nine untrained males) performed the current pilot test method consisting of a balance test, completed prior to and after a performance test. Significant differences were found between PPE conditions and CON (the control clothing ensemble: T-shirt, shorts, and running shoes) for the functional balance test, physical performance test, heart rate, and subjective evaluations in firefighters group. Therefore, the present pilot test method is valid as a standard test method for assessing mobility while wearing PPE. Moreover, the present result shows that firefighters are more reliable than non-firefighters in testing of PPE with current test methods.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Human Factors and Ergonomics
- Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation
- Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality
- Engineering (miscellaneous)


Divorce Can Significantly Impact a Person's Investment Portfolio
Many things can change for a person here in Colorado as a result of getting a divorce. One is what their investment portfolio looks like. This is because investments are among the assets that are sometimes marital assets and thus are sometimes subject to being split up between the divorcing spouses in the divorce asset division.
How specifically a divorcing couple's investments are dealt with in an asset division can have major portfolio-related impacts on both of the members of the couple. Among the things the specifics of an investment division in a divorce can impact for a divorcing individual are:
 - What investment-related decisions will be before them following the divorce.
 - How balanced their portfolio is.
 - Whether their portfolio has any particular holes in it.
 - What sorts of changes a person may want to make to their portfolio following the divorce.
Given the major changes a divorce can have on a person's investment portfolio, some find conducting a review of their portfolio helpful following a divorce.
Of course, paying attention to the portfolio-related impacts of a divorce is not only important after a divorce has occurred, but also during the divorce process. Given the impactful nature that how investments are divided in a divorce can have, it can be very important for a person to keep their long-term financial and investment goals in mind when in negotiations regarding such asset division. Given the many complicated issues that can happen during divorce property division and the major long-term impacts property division can have, a divorcing individual may want the help of a family law attorney when it comes to the issue of property division in their divorce.