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At the beginning of the course we built (recursively in ) two incomparable sets. It follows that and have degrees intermediate between and. The construction required that we fixed finite initial segments of and during an inductive construction in such a way that the sets are given by the union of the initial segments we fix along the way, and so it is not clear whether they are c.e. or not. (A c.e. construction would add elements to a set and we would not have complete control on what is kept out of the set, so we would not be able to go on "fixing" initial segments of the set being constructed, as this requires that we commit to keeping some elements out of it).
Post asked whether there is an intermediate c.e. degree and this was solved by Friedberg and Muchnik using what is now called a finite injury priority construction. We showed this construction; again, 2 incomparable sets and are built and the construction explicitly shows they are c.e. This implies they are not recursive and have degree strictly below.


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Hansard is the record of parliamentary debates.
The term Hansard is also used to refer to the unit of the Department of Parliamentary Services that publishes the printed record. Hansard's primary role is to accurately and promptly report the proceedings of the Parliament, the parliamentary committees and other forums.
The origins of Hansard as well as how it is produced today are described in more detail in About Hansard
Hansard produces and publishes Daily Hansard and weekly Hansard, which can be downloaded from 1999 onwards.
The full text of Hansard can also be searched from 1991 onwards.Last Updated on Tuesday, 05 June 2012

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


FSDU Dictionary
FSDU Glossary of Terms
FSDU glossary of terms
The world of free-standing display units is full of unique words and acronyms. Most of these mean very little to the new or occasional visitor!
See below for definitions of the most common (and most confusing!) terms:
What does FSDU stand for?
Foamex and Cardboard FSDU POS Display Unit
FSDU stands for Free Standing Display Unit or Floor Standing Display Unit. The terms' usage is fairly equal; however, FREE standing display units is a slightly more common interpretation than FLOOR standing display units. Typically FSDU refers to customised cardboard display units. Occasionally, however, this term is used to refer to display stands made of other materials. Other materials used include Foamex stands, and general point of sale stand displays, as long as they are free-standing displays.
What does CDU stand for?Premium CDU with spot UV
When talking about retail displays, CDU stands for Countertop Display Unit. The acronym CDU normally refers to cardboard countertop display units. Occasionally, however, the term is also used for other tabletop or counter display units such as Perspex display units. Beware of other interpretations outside the world of cardboard display stands – _URL_ lists no less than 38 definitions for CDU, the most common being the Christian Democrats Union party in Germany! But to us, a CDU is always a countertop display unit.
What is a Pallet Wrap Display Stand?Pallet Wrap Display Stand
This is a very misleading term to someone not familiar with the point of sale industry. It is nothing to do with the plastic shrink-wrap sold by the packaging industry! Instead, it refers to a cardboard or Correx FSDU display that fits onto a standard pallet. This gives a highly mobile point-of-sale solution that is sometimes sent to the retailer fully-stocked and ready-to-go. Also, these are a great option if you need a mobile display and your budget doesn't allow display stands with wheels.
What is an Off-Fixture Display Unit?Off Fixture Display Unit
An off-fixture display is simply an FSDU or point of sale stand that stands alone apart from the permanent display fixtures in the retail outlet, e.g. isle end stands, fill-in stands, or stand-alone foyer displays and lobby displays. These are a great way to get access for your goods into major retailers, as competition for existing shelf space is high, but major retailers like Tesco, Asda, Boots, and Debenhams welcome any extra selling space you can offer them! Of course your brand enjoys more exposure as well.
What is a Dump Bin?Cardboard Catalogue Dump Bin
The rather unglamorous term 'Dumpbin' is widely used to refer to an FSDU display stand that holds brochures or catalogues or products. It is certainly nothing to do with a conventional bin! Catalogue dump-bins are typically a high-capacity unit displaying a stack of promotional literature. Catalogue dump-bins are not the same as literature display units, where smaller quantities of brochures are displayed in a more upright position. Catalogue dump bins are commonly used at exhibitions and trade counters.
Product dumpbins are typically a large fully-printed display box containing the product for sale. Product dump bins are commonly found in large retailers.
What are POP Displays and POS (Point of Sales) Display Stands?
POS Cardboard Cubes Display
Point of Sales Display Stands and Point of Purchase Display Stands
These terms tend to refer to FSDU displays that hold products for sale and are usually positioned near the checkout areas.
What is a Mop Tray?
mop tray
A mop-tray is a clear plastic tray that fits underneath an FSDU or floor-standing point of sale item to protect it from rising damp (and the cleaner's mops)! Normally only around 5cm high, occasionally higher mop-trays are recommended, particularly in environments where there are animals, such as vets waiting rooms or pet shops, to protect from other fluids!
Euro Hook ProngWhat is a Euro-hook?
A euro-hook is a standard-sized 2-prong hook that loops around at the end, designed to take products with the standard 'Euro-slot' hole. The term sometimes refers to any kind of display prong that products hang from. These work well on FSDUs. These are also widely used in general display fixtures in retail environments.
What are Shelf Edge Pricing Strips?Shelf Edge Pricing Strip
Typically a clear plastic strip designed to contain SEL (shelf edge labels) displaying pricing and product details. The labels can easily be removed and replaced to allow short term promotions and 'Promotional SEL' (Promotional Shelf Edge Labels). Fixed retail shelves often have these, as well as FSDUs. You can see a video of an FSDU for BASF below:
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Multiobjective Control Strategies of a Novel Multifunction Electrically Interconnected Suspension
IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics
Vehicle vibration from the road significantly affects ride comfort and vehicle handling; on the other hand, the considerable energy in the vibration process shows potential for energy saving, especially for electric vehicles. In this article, we propose a novel multifunction electrically interconnected suspension (MFEIS) that utilizes two H-bridge circuits to control the energy flow. The novel suspension can operate in three modes, i.e., semiactive mode, energy-harvesting mode, and self-powered mode. Thus, the vehicle suspension can reduce vibration and harvest energy at the same time. The energy flow and detailed control procedures of each mode are studied, respectively. Based on the characteristics of each working mode, we propose two multiobjective control strategies to balance ride comfort and energy recovery performance of the MFEIS by switching the suspension working modes. An active vibration control algorithm is used to obtain the ideal control current for reducing vibration. The multiobjective control strategies, with different current tracking methods, are used to make the MFEIS generating currents that can track the ideal current. Furthermore, simulation and experimental results show that the proposed control strategies have advantages in ride comfort improvement and energy harvesting. The MFEIS can harvest energy from vibration and apply the harvested energy to suppress vibration, which has great potential in future applications.
Open Access Status
This publication is not available as open access

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Communication and Perception
There is considerable evidence that gobies use visual, tactile, chemical, auditory, or olfactory cues in reproduction and territorial behavior (see Reproduction and Behavior). It is quite likely that investigators will find more evidence of different types of communication as research progresses.
Communication Channels: visual ; tactile ; chemical
Other Communication Modes: pheromones
Perception Channels: visual
No one has provided updates yet.


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GL-Assessment, NFER and Letts
You will frequently hear of or see references to "NFER" papers in connection with the 11+. NFER (Nelson Foundation for Educational Research) used to set the 11+ test papers in the majority of the regions and published key practice papers for the 11+.
Most schools and tuition centres direct parents to acquire these papers however these papers are no longer printed under the NFER name.
The following should clarify the situation:
- NFER (National Foundation for Educational Research, sometimes referred to as NFER Nelson or even NFERnelson) was recently acquired by Granada Learning (also referred to as GL-Assessment, GL-A).
- NFER /GL-Assessment papers are used in most of the 164 UK Grammar Schools' selective entrance exams as well as many of the Independent Schools entrance examinations.
- Until March 2010 NFER papers were distributed by Letts Educational.
- NFER papers are now distributed directly by Granada Learning (GL-Assessment, GL-A).
- NFER /GL-Assessment have NOT produced any new practice papers; the papers sold for familiarisation are still the same as those sold in 1990s which were labelled 11A, 11B, 11C and 11D in each subject. However they have indicated that in the future they will create more practice papers, hence the new cover designs are called "Pack 1" and the papers in each subject are now labelled in numerical sequence: Paper 1, Paper 2 etc.
- NFER /GL-Assessment has re-packaged the same pre-existing papers mentioned above under new covers and new ISBN numbers (see table below).
- Meanwhile Letts have adopted the same old animal covers (with giraffes, fish etc) they used for NFER distribution to launch their own new set of 11Plus practice papers. One way to distinguish themselves is Letts have put a bright yellow sticker on the covers indicating "New Papers", however many parents wrongly assume that NFER have produced a new batch of practice papers. Note – the new Letts 11 plus papers have a different ISBN numbers.
- During the transition you can recognise Letts packs distributing NFER papers by checking for the GL-Assessment Logo on the bottom left hand side of the front cover.
- The following table shows the equivalent packs (i.e. same contents but different ISBN numbers).
|OLD Letts/ NFER ISBN||NEW GL-Assessment/ NFER ISBN||New NFER/ GL-Assessment Title|
|9780708703861||9780708719879||Verbal Reasoning Pack 1–Multiple-Choice|
|9780708703793||9780708719909||Verbal Reasoning Pack 1–Standard|
|9780708703885||9780708719855||Maths Pack 1–Multiple-Choice|
|9780708703816||9780708719886||Maths Pack 1–Standard|
|9780708703878||9780708719862||Non-Verbal Reasoning Pack 1– Multiple-Choice|
|9780708703809||9780708719893||Non-Verbal Reasoning Pack 1– Standard|
|9780708703892||9780708719848||English Pack 1– Multiple Choice|


What is his purpose and why does Steinbeck put Noah in The Grapes of Wrath?
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Functionally and superficially, Noah has several roles. We can also look at his character thematically.
Functionally, Noah is the eldest son and so should hold a certain position of authority in the family. He does not fulfill the role assigned to this position however as he is tempermentally incapable of doing so. He is just not a leader. In this way, Tom becomes the leader of his generation, having overcome this formal obstacle.
(Formal obstacles and arbitrary hurdles often seem to get between Tom and his goals. Overcoming them is part of his development and part of what makes him the protagonist of the novel.)
Superficially, Noah's presence brings the family number up to twelve (Ma, Pa, Uncle John, Noah, Tom, Rose of Sharon, Connie, Al, Winfield, Ruthie, Granpa, Granma). This has a Biblical resonance when considered alongside the presence of the preacher, Casy.
Thematically, Noah is an example of how the family breaks up under stress as well as under more overtly physical demands.
When [Tom] tells her about Noah, Ma feels the "family's fallin' apart."
Death and despair reduce the family to eight by the time the Joads leave their first camp in California. Noah represents some of this despair, saying that he is "sad" and has to stay by the river.
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- 1 What is the purpose of daggering?
- 2 Who started twerking?
- 3 What is the Jamaican dance?
- 4 What Twerking means?
- 5 Why are there so many Jamaicans in London?
- 6 What does it mean to twerk on a guy?
- 7 What language do Jamaicans speak?
- 8 What type of music do Jamaicans listen to?
- 9 What is the most popular dance in Jamaica?
- 10 What does God say about twerking?
- 11 Why is it called twerking?
- 12 Is twerking a slang word?
What is the purpose of daggering?
The Jamaica Broadcasting Corporation defines daggering as "a colloquial term or phrase used in dancehall culture as a reference to hardcore sex or what is popularly referred to as 'dry' sex, or the activities of persons engaged in the public simulation of various sexual acts and positions." Therefore, "There shall not
Who started twerking?
The term twerking was actually coined in the city of New Orleans during the early '90's bounce scene. According to journalist Nik Cohn, "it started in the late 1980s, a wild mix of rap and Mardi Gras Indian chants and second-line brass-band bass patterns and polyrhythmic drumming and gospel call-and-response".
What is the Jamaican dance?
Bruckins, burru, dinki-minni, ettu, gerreh, gumbay, jonkunnu, kumina, maypole, myal, quadrille, tambu and zella. Dance is such a wonderful artistic expression, influenced by history and culture. Jamaica has a rich heritage of traditional dances, but today many of them are hardly known.
What Twerking means?
The dictionary describes twerking as dancing "in a sexually provocative manner, using thrusting movements of the bottom and hips while in a low, squatting stance". It says the word in its current form has its roots in the early 1990s New Orleans "bounce" music scene, but the exact origin of twerk is uncertain.
Why are there so many Jamaicans in London?
Jamaicans have been present in the UK since the start of the twentieth century; however, by far the largest wave of migration occurred after the Second World War. The British government looked to its overseas colonies for help and encouraged migration in an effort to fill the many job vacancies.
What does it mean to twerk on a guy?
1. To move the body in a sexually suggestive twisting or gyrating fashion. verb.
What language do Jamaicans speak?
The official language is English, which is "used in all domains of public life", including the government, the legal system, the media, and education. However, the primary spoken language is an English-based creole called Jamaican Patois (or Patwa).
What type of music do Jamaicans listen to?
The music of Jamaica includes Jamaican folk music and many popular genres, such as mento, ska, rocksteady, reggae, dub music, dancehall, reggae fusion and related styles. Reggae is especially popular through the international fame of Bob Marley.
What is the most popular dance in Jamaica?
Jamaica's Heritage in Dance
- Bruckins. Bruckins, as a member of the creolised group of traditional dances, reveals a unique mixture of African and European influences.
- Burru. This particular form of dance is a fertility masquerade found in Lionel Town and Hayes (Clarendon).
What does God say about twerking?
The Bible says to flee sexual impurity and immorality. Twerking is a dance form designed to stimulate sexual thoughts and feelings. The Bible may not specifically use the word "twerking" but it addresses the attitudes behind it.
Why is it called twerking?
The term twerking comes from the New Orleans' early 90s bounce scene. Modern day twerking is very similar to the Mapouka dance, and has existed for centuries. Twerking is also prevalent throughout the reggae and dancehall culture.
Is twerking a slang word?
A slang term for a booty-focused dance style that involves shaking and gyrating the rear end.


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The Orange Curtain is a term that refers to the border between Orange County and Los Angeles County in the U.S. state of California. It is a sometimes derogatory, sometimes lighthearted term, that is used to describe Orange County's more conservative and suburban population as compared to the more liberal and urban population of Los Angeles. The Orange Curtain is a word play on the infamous Iron Curtain which separated communist and capitalist Europe.
According to Colleen Cotter, "Because [Orange County] has a reputation for political conservatism, people from Northern California especially worry about what happens 'Behind the Orange Curtain'."
Karin Aguilar-San Juan describes the Orange Curtain as being between 1890 and 1950, as "the region's controlling elite also embraced a John Birch-style ideology of white supremacy and small government.
The song "Orange County Girl" by Gwen Stefani uses this term, stating "I guess behind the orange curtain it's not so bad."
- Dickson, Paul (2006). Labels for Locals: What to Call People from Abilene to Zimbabwe (Revised ed.). HarperCollins. p. 174. ISBN 978-0-06-088164-1. Retrieved 2011-02-10. "The term "Orange Curtain" is being used to mark those characteristics, real or imagined, that differentiate Orange County from Los Angeles and the rest of California."
- Overley, Jeff (January 4, 2008). "Are we on TV too much?". Orange County Register. Retrieved 2008-04-08.
- Cotter, Colleen (2001). Lonely Planet USA Phrasebook: Understanding Americans & Their Culture (Lonely Planet Phrasebooks). Hawthorn, Vic., Australia: Lonely Planet Publications. p. 199. ISBN 1-86450-182-0.
- Jennifer Lefurgy; Lang, Robert (2007). Boomburbs: the rise of America's accidental cities. Washington, D.C: Brookings Institution Press. p. 165. ISBN 0-8157-5114-1.
- Aguilar-San Juan, Karin (2009). Little Saigons: staying Vietnamese in America. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. p. xii. ISBN 0-8166-5486-7.
|This Southern California location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|


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I am using the same code on two different websites which are hosted on different servers. In one of them the Facebook oauth log in works as it has to but on the other one after the authentication, it redirects to a url like this:
The odd part is that it works on one of the servers but not on the other one. What do you think causes this?
In the Facebook Connect case: 1. The Website (client in OAuth speak) redirects the user to Facebook asking for access to the users portion of the Facebook Graph API endpoint. 2. Facebook gets the users Authorization to give that access. 3. Facebook then redirects the user back to the client passing an access token in the URL fragment. 4. The client performs a GET on the Facebook API endpoint using the access token from step 3. 5. The Graph API endpoint returns a JSON object that contains a Facebook user_id and other public and perhaps private information based on what access the user granted. 6. The Website logs in user in as the user_id from the Graph API endpoint. I think my server can not do the 5th part.


Jain Navagraha Teertha and Digambar Jain Temple
History of the temple
Navagraha temple or digambara Dath Jain Temple is created by Shri Gundhar Nandi. He was supported by Sri Dharmasena Bhattaraka Swamiji and others. The temple was started to be built in the year 2005 January. The carvings of the statue were completed in 1 year. The deity in the temple was Lord Prashavanatha. The statue was carved in one single piece of rock.
About the temple
The temple is situated in Varur near hubli, Karnataka. Navagraha Jain temple or Digambara Jain temple is also known as Navagraha Teerth. The main deity was Lore Prshavanatha. The statue height is 109 foot (33m). The statue can be seen up to 4km away. The deity is in a standing position. The statue is 185 tons. They believed the Grahadhosas were removed by worshipping them. Recently a musical foundation and garden was planted to build near to the temple.
The temple is open for 24 hours every day.
Nearby places to visit
 1. Agadi thota
 2. Shri Siddharoodha Swamy Math
 3. Nrupatunga Betta
 4. Urban Oasis Mall
 5. Dharwad adventure Base.
Address:Adjacent to Pune Bengaluru Highway, Varur, Hubli, Karnataka, India
Contact No.:
Dharamshala: NO
Bhojanalay: NO


Flickr CC: Swamibu
A recently published patent by Microsoft reveals a unique way to provide tactility and texture to the normally flat, glassy feel of a touchscreen. If it came to fruition, your next tablet computer could morph and shape its screen to provide impromptu buttons, keyboards or textures.
The idea was invented by Microsoft's senior user experience designer, Erez Kikin-Gil. Redmond based Kikin-Gil was previously the lead interface designer on the table top touchscreen project, Microsoft Surface.
It uses pixel-sized shape-memory cells that can adjust their topography individually when struck with ultraviolet light. It's all coated with a light-induced polymer that is hard and juts out when one wavelength of UV hits it, and soft and flat when another wavelength strikes the pixel.
So by watching the users fingertips, and carefully transmitting the wavelengths at the correct pixels, the patent claims that tiny dots on the screen can slightly protrude independently from one another, giving a real sense of tactile buttons or textures.
But as the patent describes some seriously bulky technology, like a rear-projector, it's probably going to show up in large scale touchscreens like Microsoft Surface, before the next release of Windows Phone 7.
Latest on


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The Jaws of Life are actually a set of rescue tools
made by several different companies. This includes Hurst (who hold the trademark for Jaws of Life), Amkest, and others.
These tools are hydraulic powered, and have many different uses. There are four main types of tools:
- Spreaders - Used to open doors by applying an unbelievable amount of pressure to the door to pop the Nader pin. We usually can open a door in under a minute with them. They are also used to do an emergency dash roll (discussed below)
- Cutters - These are used to, well, cut things. Generally these are used when opening the door is either not feasable, or would not provide enough access. We would then cut the door posts, and take the roof off to access the patient.
- Combination tools - these tools have both spreaders and cutters built in to them. Good for departments with not a lot of room on their fire trucks.
- Rams - These are used to push things. Generally we would use these if someones legs were trapped under the dash. We would put one end in the corner of the door, and extend the other until it push the dash as far as we needed it to go (or as far as the tool will let us).
Besides Hydraulic tools, there are a myriad of hand tools
that can be used. For example, a crash axe
has a point and axe on one end, and a can-opener looking contraption on the other. Generally we can take the roof off of a car with a crash-axe, a metal hand-saw, and a jar of dish soap in the time it takes them to set up the hydraulic tools.
We have also used the tools to assist the sheriff's office with forcing entry into a house, for tearing down a swingset, and other rescues.


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Snowy Hydro Education Program
Snowy Hydro has been running educational programs for schools visiting the Snowy Mountains Scheme for over 10 years. Our programs offer a unique learning experience for students from Primary School to Year 12.
A range of education classroom resources has been produced specifically for schools, each providing an appropriate case study for a range of syllabuses. Each resource is outlined in this section through their appropriate stages.
As well as these classroom resources, the Snowy Hydro Discovery Centre situated in Cooma (just over an hour from Canberra) has a range of activities tailored to fit your programs. The Centre focuses on the Schemes power stations, dams, water resources and energy market but it also includes displays on key topics such as water, environment, engineering and history. Exhibits ranging from pedal-power bikes, an interactive energy market and hands-on models reinforce a dynamic learning experience for students of all ages. The Centre delivers tailored presentations to students about the Scheme which cover the environment, cloud seeding, renewable energy, National Electricity Market and water.
For more information on school visits to the Snowy Hydro Discovery Centre, click on the red links on the left hand side of the page. Details are provided under the Contact Education page.
Copyright © Snowy Hydro Limited. All rights reserved.


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The Prioress attempts to be dainty and well-bred, and Chaucer makes fun of her by describing how she speaks French with a terrible accent and sings the liturgy straight through her nose. Although the Prioress should be devoted to Christ, she is more concerned with worldly matters: her clothes are richly bedecked, and her coral rosary that says "Love conquers all" serves as a decorative piece rather than a religious article.
The Prioress Quotes in The Canterbury Tales
The The Canterbury Tales quotes below are all either spoken by The Prioress or refer to The Prioress. For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one:).
The General Prologue Quotes
The Prioress Character Timeline in The Canterbury Tales
The timeline below shows where the character The Prioress appears in The Canterbury Tales. The colored dots and icons indicate which themes are associated with that appearance.
The General Prologue
The Nun's Priest's Prologue


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Iris Louisiana 'Arabian bayou'. Shallow water plant
- Iris Louisiana 'Arabian bayou'. The flowers of this beautiful iris are near white and streaked with gold. They also make good cut flowers.
- Grow in sun to partial shade.
- Shallow water plant. Can be grown out of the pond if kept moist at all times especially in hot weather.
- Height: 90-120 cm (36-48 in.)
- Planting depth of water above soil: o – 10cm (0 – 4in)
- We would recommend a planting basket of at least 11cm across for one plant or, for more impact, plant several of the same variety in a larger basket.
- We ship all marginal water plants bare root, this means that we wash the soil off before packing plants. During the summer months we may need to trim some of the foliage back for shipping.
- Contact us if you require more information


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Coursework Writing-Meaning of Food and Family
Meaning of Food and Family
Evaluate the decline of family meals in modern US family life in terms of what you learned this week. What factors in society have potentially impacted shared meal time? Can you relate to this in regards to your own family?
Critically analyze the concept of meat hunger. What are the potential causes and effects?


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Photography enthusiasts and professionals alike rely heavily on the functionality of their camera's shutter button. It's the gateway to capturing those perfect moments, and when it malfunctions, it can be a photographer's worst nightmare.
In this article, we'll delve into the common causes of a non-responsive Canon camera shutter button and explore troubleshooting steps to resolve this issue.
Table of Contents
Common Causes of Shutter Button Malfunction
Understanding the root causes of shutter button issues is the first step to resolving them and ensuring your Canon camera works seamlessly.
Dust and Debris Buildup
One of the most common culprits for a non-working shutter button is dust and debris accumulation. Over time, these particles can find their way into the delicate mechanical components of the button, hindering its responsiveness. Regularly cleaning your camera can help prevent this issue.
Accidental bumps or drops can lead to physical damage, causing misalignment or internal components to dislodge. This can render your shutter button unresponsive or inconsistent in its operation.
Wear and Tear
Like any mechanical component, the shutter button can experience wear and tear over extended use. The constant pressing and releasing can lead to button fatigue, making it less effective in registering clicks.
In some cases, a failing or weak battery can contribute to shutter button problems. A low battery may not provide the necessary power to engage the button fully. Ensure your battery is adequately charged before assuming a more significant issue.
Troubleshooting Steps for Canon Camera Shutter Button Problems
Cleaning the Shutter Button
If you suspect dust and debris are the culprits, start by cleaning the shutter button carefully. Compressed air from a can can be used to remove any loose particles. For stubborn dirt, a small brush or a cotton swab slightly dampened with isopropyl alcohol can be gently used. Remember to turn off your camera before attempting this.
Checking for Loose Parts
Inspect the button for any loose components or parts that may have shifted out of place. If you find any, consult your camera's manual for reassembly instructions. Be cautious, and if you're uncertain, it's best to seek professional help.
Testing Different Shooting Modes
Sometimes, shutter button issues are not due to mechanical problems but can be related to the shooting mode. Try switching between different shooting modes, such as manual, aperture priority, or shutter priority, to see if the issue persists in all modes. This can help identify if the problem is mode-specific.
Seeking Professional Help
If the troubleshooting steps fail to resolve the issue, it's advisable to seek professional camera repair services. Attempting to disassemble your camera without the necessary expertise can lead to further damage. A skilled technician can diagnose and fix the problem efficiently.
Prevention and Maintenance Tips
Preventing shutter button issues is better than dealing with them. Here are some tips to maintain your camera's performance:
- Store your camera in a protective case when not in use.
- Handle your camera with care to avoid accidental damage.
- Keep the camera's lens and body clean to reduce the chances of dust and debris ingress.
- Follow the manufacturer's maintenance guidelines for your specific Canon camera model.
1. Can I clean the shutter button with any cleaning solution?
It's best to use isopropyl alcohol, but make sure it's only slightly dampened on a cotton swab. Avoid excessive moisture.
2. How often should I clean my camera's shutter button?
Regular cleaning is essential. Aim for cleaning it every few months or more frequently if you often shoot in dusty environments.
3. My Canon camera is still under warranty. Can I get the shutter button repaired for free?
If your camera is under warranty, it's a good idea to contact Canon's customer support for assistance. Warranty terms may cover repairs.
4. Are there any DIY methods to fix a non-working shutter button?
While some minor issues can be resolved with DIY cleaning, complex problems should be left to professionals to avoid further damage.
5. How do I find a reliable camera repair technician?
You can search online for authorized Canon service centers or reputable camera repair shops in your area. Reading reviews and seeking recommendations can help you make an informed choice.
A non-responsive Canon camera shutter button can be frustrating, but with the right knowledge and maintenance, many issues can be prevented or resolved. Regular cleaning and careful handling can go a long way in ensuring that your camera's shutter button continues to work flawlessly, helping you capture the moments that matter most.


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1. Create a log file, for example /var/log/cxs.log, and chmod it 666.
2. Edit the files /etc/cxs/cxsftp.sh and /etc/cxs/cxscgi.sh and add the
following to the command line:
If you want to enable logging for all
including non-suspicious files (this really should only be done during testing),
add the option --cleanlog to your command line.
3. To "watch" the logfile while you are testing, run the following command in ssh:
tail -f /var/log/cxs.log
(Replace /var/log/cxs.log with the full path and filename of your own logfile if you are using something different.)


Battle of Leipzig
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Battle of Leipzig
Part of the War of the Sixth Coalition
MoshkovVI SrazhLeypcigomGRM.jpg
The Battle of Leipzig by Vladimir Moshkov (1815)
Date 16–19 October 1813
Location Leipzig, Saxony
Result Decisive coalition victory
France French Empire Russia Russia
Austria Austrian Empire
Kingdom of Prussia Prussia
Sweden Sweden
Saxony Saxony[1]
Commanders and leaders
France Napoleon I
Józef Antoni Poniatowski
Saxony Frederick Augustus
Russia Barclay De Tolly
Russia Count Benningsen
Austria Prince of Schwarzenberg
Sweden Crown Prince Charles John
Kingdom of Prussia Gebhard von Blücher
700 guns [3]
1,500 guns [3]
Casualties and losses
38,000 dead or wounded
20,000 captured
54,000 dead or wounded[2]
The Battle of Leipzig was a battle between Napoleon I and his army and an allied force of several nations. It happened on October 16-19 on 1813. Napoleon I was defeated. It was the largest battle before World War I. It involved about 600,000 soldiers. It was part of the War of the Sixth Coalition. After this battle, Napoleon was taken to the island of Elba.
References[change | change source]
Other websites[change | change source]


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Effect of District Meter Areas on Water Quality
ISBN: 1 84057 205 1
From the modelling work, case study and discussions with the industry, it is concluded that the net long term effect of creating DMAs does not appear to be detrimental to water quality on a day to day basis. The short term effect of creating DMAs depends on the extent with which the network has a potential to cause water quality problems, eg does it contain deposits and/ or corroding mains. Where these exist it is highly likely that work to install new valves and the set up of the DMA will cause short term discoloured water for some customers.
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If you are getting "Windows has detected an IP address conflict" error in Windows 10, this tutorial will show you how to fix.
Let me explain first what is an IP address conflict? If you have more than one device connected to your home network, you may face an issue called an IP address conflict. IP address is a unique address your computer gets while it connects to a network. So if two different computers have assigned same IP address, when they're either on Local Area Network or on the web, an IP address conflict will appear with a little notification "Windows has detected an IP address conflict"
When this occurs, your connection becomes unstable or you usually lose your connection to the network. Now let's proceed with troubleshooting the problem.
How To Fix Windows Has Detected An IP Address Conflict In Windows 10/8/7
Method 1. Restart Your Router
If you are on a Home network, turn off your router, wait for 1-2 minutes, and then power it on again and check if you still get message
Method 2. Release and Refresh IP Address
Renew or release the IP address by performing these following steps:
Step 1. Press Windows Key + X and select Command Prompt (Admin).
Step 2. After you open the Command Prompt, type the following commands and hit Enter after each:
Step 3. Wait until the command has finished, restart your system and check the problem still persists.
Method 3. Remove Statically Assigned IP Address
This error often occurs by users who have fixed IP address assigned. Hence, I highly recommended you use dynamically assigned IP address would help you to resolve this problem. To do that, follow these steps below:
Step 1. Press Windows Key + R then type ncpa.cpl in run dialog box and click OK.
Step 2. When Network Connections window opens, right click on your primary network adapter and click Properties.
Step 3. Then, on the property sheet, at Networking tab, choose Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and click Properties.
Step 4. From TCP/IPv4 property sheet, at General tab, make sure that Obtain an IP address automatically and Obtain DNS server address automatically are selected.
Step 5. Restart your computer then check the problem has resolved.
Method 4. Disable IPv6
According to Windows 10 users, they found that disabling IPv6 resolve IP address conflict for them.
Here's the video to help you more on this problem:
That's about it. If you want to copy this post on your blog, please write source and link to Windows Free Apps. Thank you.


Nacha launches ACH messaging campaign and microsite
Source: Electronic Payments Association
The Electronic Payments Association today announced the launch of a new industry resource, its microsite.
The microsite - a supplement to the main site - was created to help all payments industry participants develop a common understanding of ACH payments, the NACHA Operating Rules, and the value of the ACH Network.
Launched today as part of a "New Year, New Messaging" campaign with the Regional Payments Associations (RPAs), the messaging microsite is a comprehensive, centralized industry resource containing communications tools and information to drive industry adoption and usage of consistent messaging, terminology, and phrasing to explain the attributes and benefits of the ACH Network and ACH payments.
NACHA's ACH Messaging resource site was developed as a result of an industry-inclusive process that engaged Network participants to ensure that the right terminology and messages are being used to explain the electronic movement of money and information via the ACH Network. Based on this research, NACHA developed specific language to define the ACH Network, generated terminology to explain ACH payments, and created distinctive phrasing to convey the role of the ACH Network and its characteristics. The final results of this initiative and how to apply them within unique organizations are available on the microsite.
" provides the necessary tools for all financial institutions and businesses to more consistently communicate about their use of the ACH Network and ACH payments," said Janet O. Estep, NACHA president and CEO. "We encourage all Network participants to review the resources available and begin incorporating the messages, terminology, and phrasing into their communications."
Numerous tools have been developed to help organizations describe ACH payments with terminology that both consumers and businesses will better understand. Using these resources can help avoid confusing payment terminology that may be misinterpreted by those using the ACH Network. Businesses and financial institutioons can start using tools such as customer letters and emails, website banners and graphics, and incorporate the terminology and phrasing into appropriate materials today.
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Dogs kill swans more often than swans kill dogs, experts say
Interfering with swans during nesting season is a criminal offence
Swans are fiercely protective parents and they see a dog as a predator
Every year there are several reports of swans being killed by dogs - but it is virtually unheard of for a swan to kill a dog, according to Birdwatch Ireland.
In the aftermath of an incident in Bushy Park on Saturday, in which a dog was killed by a swan, experts have moved to reassure the public that not only are such attacks highly improbable, they only happen when there is a perceived threat to young cygnets.
In the incident at the weekend, a cocker spaniel was swimming in the duck pond in Bushy Park, Terenure near a group of swans and cygnets when an adult swan broke away and attacked the dog, killing it.
"[Swans] are fiercely protective parents and they see a dog as a predator," explained Niall Hatch of Birdwatch Ireland.
"It's important that swans are given peace and quiet around the nesting season (which occurs during the summer months)."
In Ireland the most common swan type is the Mute swan, which are largely well accustomed to humans, whom they associate with food. By comparison the migrant Whooper and Bewick's swans are unlikely to interact.
Male Mutes grow up to 20 kilograms in size, about as large as possible for a flying bird, and they can strike out with their wings. Before doing so, however, they will hiss a warning to steer clear, generally in defence of their cygnets or nests.
Mr Hatch said his organisation receives about four to five reports every summer of swans being killed by dogs but he has never heard of it happening the other way round.
Measured response
Not only are swans a protected species, but it is a criminal offence under the Wildlife Act to interfere with them during the nesting season.
Eric Dempsey, bird expert and author, said a measured response is required to Saturday's attack - both to alert the public to the fact young cygnets are in the water, and to ward off any extreme reaction.
Although swan attacks, similar to those of seagulls, make headlines when they occur, they are considered extremely rare and are an aspect of natural protective behaviour.
"A swan would see a dog as a perceived threat, as a predator. Any animal will protect their babies," said Mr Dempsey. Dogs, experts say, should be kept out of the water during the summer months if swans are in the area.
Mr Dempsey stressed the birds are defensive, not aggressive, and will readily lead their young to humans in order to receive food. Any approach to their nest, however, can provoke a response.
A blow from a swan's wing is similar to getting slapped, said Mr Dempsey, who has himself been on the receiving end while working with the birds.
"There is a myth that swans will break your arm - I have never met or heard of a person who had their arm broken by a swan."
Attacks are rare, at least in terms of public reporting, but when cases do emerge they capture the public interest and are widely reported.
In 2001, 71-year-old Mary Ryan from Dublin lost her compensation claim against the State when she was beaten to the ground and battered by a swan in the Phoenix Park. She broke her wrist in the incident.
Ms Ryan said that having fed the swan, she heard a fluttering of wings behind her. "When I turned around I couldn't believe what I was seeing. He was coming for me. He knocked me to the ground," she said. "He continued to aggressively beat my legs and tried to peck me in the head."
In a case in the US in 2012, Anthony Hensley (37) drowned in Chicago after being knocked from his kayak by a swan, which then stopped him swimming ashore.
"It [WAS] presumably a male swan and it's presumably paired, and it's set up home for the spring," Chris Perrins, a retired Oxford ornithologist, told the BBC at the time. "It's going to defend that territory."
In 2014 there were reports of a swan, subsequently named Asbo, attacking boats and flying directly at humans on the River Cam in Cambridge.
However, despite the potential for such behaviour, Dr Michael Brooke of the University Museum of Zoology, Cambridge said the birds pose "no danger at all" to adult humans.
"I suppose it could be an issue for elderly people or a two-year old, but if you see your child in danger you can just pick them up and walk away," he said.
"People think of them as intimidating because they have a wide wingspan, but then some people are intimidated by spiders in the bath."


Display Portatile Milk
The portable display is a practical and functional device and it is useful to simplify the work of the farmer
The system is made of a model MILK 200 and a portable display with radio transmission. The aim of the system is to distribute known quantities reading the value on the display. The quantity to be distributed is contained in the tank which uses the Milk 200 weighing system. Through a specific key the Display shows the actual weight of the milk being discharged removing the burden of the calculation from the operator.
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There are various reasons why you may be experiencing an echo on your calls. Please follow the below listed actions to troubleshoot this issue.
1. Check if you're able to reproduce this issue on our Sample App. If not, this may be an implementation issue on your end.
2. Check that your test devices are in a separated environment and not in close proximity to each other.
3. Check that you're using the latest SDK version.
4. Use a headset/ earphones.
 - If you hear an echo on a 1-1 call, ask the participating peer to wear a headset/earphone to communicate.
 - If you hear an echo on a multiparty call, ask each participating peer to mute one by one to identify the origin of the echo. Ask that peer to use a headset/earphone or mute themselves when they are not actively speaking during the call.
Other Audio Troubleshooting Documentation you may wish to see
No audio on call


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The Small Business Credit Survey (SBCS), a collaboration of all 12 Federal Reserve Banks, provides timely information about small business conditions to policymakers, service providers, and lenders. In 2020, the survey reached more than 15,000 small businesses,1 gathering insights about the COVID-19 pandemic's impact on small businesses, as well as business performance and credit conditions.
The survey was fielded in September and October 2020, approximately six months after the onset of the pandemic. The timing of the survey is important to the interpretation of the results. At the time of the survey, the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) authorized by the CARES Act had recently closed, and prospects for additional stimulus funding were uncertain. Additionally, many government-mandated business closures had been lifted as the number of new COVID-19 cases plateaued in advance of a significant increase in cases by the year's end.2
The 2020 survey findings highlight the magnitude of the pandemic's impact on small businesses and the challenges they anticipate as they navigate changes in the business environment. The 2020 SBCS finds that few firms avoided the negative impacts of the pandemic. Furthermore, the findings reveal disparities in experiences and outcomes across firm and owner demographics, including race and ethnicity, industry, and firm size. While this report aggregates data on all small employer firms, it includes some details for select demographics. Future publications will explore the impact of the pandemic on different subsets of businesses.
Access the report to read more.
- The Small Business Credit Survey collects information from both employer and nonemployer firms. The 2020 survey yielded 4,531 responses from nonemployers; the findings for nonemployers will be explored in a separate report. Additionally, the survey yielded approximately 1,000 responses from permanently closed firms and new businesses that had not yet begun operations.
- Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center, _URL_


text:
Profile and mission
Faucon-Éduc or Falcon-Ed (BEAK) is the educational program of Falcon Environmental Services (FES), a company specializing in the art of modern falconry, training birds of prey, reproducing them for conservation and re-release, for ecological control of nuisance birds, for educational presentations, free-flying bird shows and film. To learn more about FES, visit our main site.
We at FES believe that even a privately owned company can do its part to aid in conservation and education. Created in 1989 by young environmentally conscious entrepreneurs with a passion for falconry and birds of prey, FES has grown and succeeded in becoming a well recognized leader in its field, in Quebec and abroad.
BEAK is an acronym that best describes what we do since our presentations center on Birds of prey and their Environment, promote Awareness and allow us to share our Knowledge with photos, artefacts and live birds.
- To bridge the gap between students and their natural environment;
- To encourage environmental awareness and respect by introducing live birds of prey;
- To demonstrate the impact that humans have on wildlife and ecosystems.
Methods used to reach these objectives:
- Present live, trained birds of prey in the classroom;
- Display educational material such as naturalized artefacts, images, multimedia;
- Encourage interaction between the students and the educator.


text:
following INSERT INTO statement:
INSERT INTO TABLE2 SELECT * FROM TABLE1
Now suppose you do not want to copy all the rows, but only those rows that meet a specific criteria. Say you only want to copy those rows where COL1 is equal to "A." To do this you would just modify the above code to look like this:
INSERT INTO TABLE2 SELECT * FROM TABLE1 WHERE COL1 = 'A'
See how simple it is to copy data from one table to another using the INSERT INTO method? You can even copy a selected set of columns, if you desire, by identifying the specific columns you wish to copy and populate, like so:
INSERT INTO TABLE2 (COL1, COL2, COL3)
SELECT COL1, COL4, COL7 FROM TABLE1
The above command copies only data from columns COL1, COL4, and COL7 in TABLE1 to COL1, COL2, and COL3 in TABLE2.


Welcome to BMH Machines Co.,Ltd
The difference between manual VMS and automatic VMS
Video measuring systems is a qualitative leap based on the measuring projector. It has upgraded the industrial measurement method from the traditional optical projection alignment to the computer screen measurement based on the era of digital imaging. It is worth mentioning that there is a transitional product on the market that has both a digital display and a computer. Strictly speaking, this kind of equipment that only uses a computer as an aiming tool is not an image measuring instrument, but can only be called an "image measuring projector" or an "image alignment projector". In other words: video measuring systems relies on the computer screen measurement technology and powerful spatial geometry calculation software. Video measuring systems are divided into digital image measuring instruments (also known as CNC vms) and hand-cranked image measuring instruments. The differences between them are mainly manifested in the following aspects:
Digital technology has achieved a little bit:
The operation of the hand-cranked image measuring instrument to measure the distance between points A and B is: first shake the handle in the X and Y directions to align with point A, then lock the platform, change hands to operate the computer and click the mouse to confirm; then open the platform, Crank your hand to point B, repeat the above actions to confirm point B. Each click of the mouse is to read the optical scale displacement value of the point into the computer, and the calculation function can only be operated after all the points have been read in.... This kind of elementary equipment is like a technical "building block platter", all functions and operations are carried out separately; once shake the handle, and then click the mouse...; you need to pay attention to the evenness and lightness and slowness of the hand, without turning; Generally, it takes a few minutes for a skilled operator to perform a simple distance measurement.
The digital image measuring instrument is different. It is based on micron-level numerical control hardware and humanized operating software, and integrates various functions to become a truly modern precision instrument. It has basic abilities such as stepless speed change, soft motion, point walking, electronic lock, synchronized reading; after the mouse moves to find the two points A and B you want to measure, the computer will help you calculate the measurement result and display the graph for Calibration, image and shadow synchronization, even for beginners to measure the distance between two points only a few seconds.
Digital technology realizes the free placement of workpieces:
When the hand-cranked image measuring instrument performs reference measurement, it is necessary to rotate the index plate on the loading platform to adjust the reference edge of the part to a coordinate axis parallel to the platform, because its primary software cannot support extremely complex spaces. Geometric conversion. The digital image measuring instrument can use software technology to complete the complex conversion between spatial coordinate system rotation and multiple coordinate systems. The measured workpiece can be placed at will, the coordinate origin and reference direction can be established at will, and the measured value can be obtained. At the same time, a mark is displayed on the screen., The coordinate direction and measuring point can be seen intuitively, making the common reference distance measurement very simple and intuitive. Since then, the product of the mechanical era of the indexing plate has become history together with the crank.
Digital technology realizes real-time correction of errors:
In the process of finding the target point to complete the measurement displacement of the hand-cranked image measuring instrument, due to the manual operation, a certain offset will occur between the main and auxiliary guide rails of the mobile platform, and the continuous back and forth movement will also produce a return gap. When measuring at the micron level, it will directly affect the measurement accuracy. The digital image measuring instrument has the ability to lock in motion and adopts the technology of no backlash in the design, thereby eliminating these errors and improving the smoothness of motion and measurement accuracy.
The longer the measurement distance, the greater the error, and the measurement accuracy decreases with the length. The hand-cranked image measuring instrument does not have the non-linear real-time correction function, and cannot eliminate the non-linear error caused by environmental factors such as temperature and vibration. The digital image measuring instrument has a very good error correction ability, which is corrected by software calculation and real-time control based on a strict mathematical model, so that the nonlinear error is reduced to a small amount, the measurement accuracy is improved, and the technical bottleneck of speed and accuracy is broken.
Digital technology can carry out CNC rapid measurement:
When the hand-cranked image measuring instrument performs batch measurement of the same workpiece, it needs to be manually moved one by one. Sometimes it has to shake tens of thousands of laps, but it can still only complete limited measurement of dozens of complex workpieces. Work efficiency low.
The digital image measuring instrument can establish CNC coordinate data through sample measurement, drawing calculation, CNC data import, etc., and the instrument will automatically move to the target point one by one to complete various measurement operations, thereby saving manpower and improving efficiency. With dozens of times the working capacity of a hand-cranked image measuring instrument, the operator is relaxed and efficient.
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Tel: +86-_PHONE_
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Tennessee State Motto
South Dakota Motto
Agriculture and Commerce
The state motto of Tennessee is "Agriculture and Commerce." It is taken from words on the Tennessee state seal and was formally adopted in 1987.
The significance of the motto can be understood while looking at Tennessee's economic growth. The state is one of the most agriculturally diverse states in the country due to its rich soil, good climate, and rainfall. Not only does the terrain range from mountains to hills to flatlands so does the kind of agriculture made possible there. East Tennessee is populated with livestock and dairies while middle Tennessee is greener with its orchards, nurseries, and vegetable production, and western Tennessee tends to various crops.


Quick Answer: Can We Test Private Methods Using JUnit?
Can we test private methods in unit testing?
Unit Tests Should Only Test Public Methods The short answer is that you shouldn't test private methods directly, but only their effects on the public methods that call them.
Unit tests are clients of the object under test, much like the other classes in the code that are dependent on the object..
What happens if a JUnit test method is declared as private?
Answer: If a Junit test method is declared as "private", the compilation will pass ok. But the execution will fail. This is because Junit requires that all test methods must be declared as "public". … This is because Junit requires that all test methods must be declared to return "void".
What type of testing is done using JUnit?
writing unit testsJUnit is the most famous framework for writing unit tests in Java. You write test methods that call the actual methods to be tested. The test case verifies the behavior of the code by asserting the return value against the expected value, given the parameters passed.
What runs after every test method?
_USER_ annotation is used on a method containing java code to run after each test case. These methods will run even if any exceptions are thrown in the test case or in the case of assertion failures.
Can we mock private methods?
Mockito does not allow us to mock private methods but there are other tools which we can use to achieve this. According to Mockito guys: Firstly, we are not dogmatic about mocking private methods. We just don't care about private methods because from the standpoint of testing private methods don't exist.


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This activity can be used to discuss protective factors, resiliency, and self-esteem (finding beauty in the imperfections). By using a shell as a symbol of the body, nature can be used as a healing agent in therapy.
- (For religious teens and to use this activity for grief, pair with book: My Beautiful Broken Shell: Words of Hope to Refresh the Soul by Carol Hamblet Adams)
- Seashells (at least 3.5″, white, flat surfaces are best. Have multiple so client can choose)
- Primary paint colors (acrylic or water-color)
- Small paintbrushes
- Water (for cleaning brushes)
- Paint palette or paper plate
- Begin by asking, "How are our bodies like shells?"
Begin the dialogue with clients of how shells protect animals in nature the way our bodies protect ourselves.
"Shells are symbols of protection."
"Shells all used to have animals living in them."
"Some shells still have animals in them and they are in the sea."
"Other shells have washed up on the beach, like your shell," (point to shell in front of child). "Just like us, shells are all different and they've all been through different things."
"Even though some shells may have cracks or be worn down from the ocean, they are still strong and beautiful with stories to tell."
2. Next, have the client think of a happy memory, safe place, or relaxing scene.
This step is about how a child/teen can use the shell as a reminder of protection and embracing imperfections.
The shells can also be used as grounding items when a client is upset or needs comforting. You may choose to facilitate this step by first discussing and practicing mindfulness.
Instruct the client that they are free to paint any images or symbols that bring them peace and feelings of protection.
3. Discuss while painting.
While the client is painting, you can engage in a dialogue about what protection means to them and how they feel protected. Or for other clients, how even the imperfect shells can still be beautiful and have stories to tell.
"Since this shell represents safety and protection, you might consider keeping it in your safe space. Where are you planning on keeping your shell?"
"Who keeps you safe?" (Or for teens, "How do you keep yourself safe?")
"Which safe place are you choosing to paint?" etc.
Some kids may want to show their shell to their caregiver and explain what the shell means to him or her.
Example of using inspirational words and safe places on shells.
Have the Client think of a special place in his/her home to keep the shell as a daily reminder of protective factors, motivating words, and safe places.
Want more therapeutic activities?


text: Nowadays smart cities are becoming more and more a hot topic in the technological world. Some different approaches emerged and many city departments approved investigation and implementation of the smart city technology in their cities. The implementation of these processes is becoming a landmark for the modern cities. This paper proposes a generic semantic model to easily plug and manage heterogeneous smart devices and areas of cities, in order to integrate all the diverse components that constitute a fully integrated and functional smart city environment. This semantic model can be used in the most diverse city scenarios; to demonstrate it, a specific scenario is presented in this paper, describing the usage of the proposed semantic model to detect new components and share information among the smart components.


11 Trending Words of 2014
perceptual constancy
the tendency of animals and humans to see familiar objects as having standard shape, size, colour, or location regardless of changes in the angle of perspective, distance, or lighting. The impression tends to conform to the object as it is or is assumed to be, rather than to the actual stimulus. Perceptual constancy is responsible for the ability to identify objects under various conditions, which seem to be "taken into account" during a process of mental reconstitution of the known image. For example, snow appears white in the low illumination of moonlight, as well as in sunlight 800,000 times as bright. Perceptual constancy is reduced by limited experience with the object and by decreasing the number of environmental cues that aid in identification of the object.
Learn more about perceptual constancy with a free trial on
Encyclopedia Britannica, 2008. Encyclopedia Britannica Online.
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text:
- Dilute-Dense-Semi Dense Phase, Controls and Testing.
Dilute Phase Theory
Dilute phase pneumatic conveying systems, also know as suspension flow, operate on the principle that the solids will be suspended in the conveying line air stream. This is accomplished by metering product into a moving air stream. Dilute phase conveying velocities typically are greater than 3500 FPM and material to air ratios are less than 12 to 1. Individual particles in the air stream will have some separation by their suspension in the air stream.
Dense phase conveying:
Dense phase pneumatic conveying systems operate below the minimum suspension velocity and are characterized by product moving along the bottom of the pipe in slugs or a moving bed. Product is conveyed below its saltation velocity at high differential pressures. Conveying velocities are typically less than 2600 FPM and material to air ratios of up to 100 to 1 are possible. Interaction of the particles in a dense phase system is greater than in dilute phase systems.


text: [en] Hydrothermal vent environments, particularly those associated with the vestimentiferan Riftia pachyptila, are believed to be among the highest chitin-producing systems. In order to elucidate the chitin cycle in these environments, we estimate the in situ chitin degradation rates of tube-worm exoskeletons. Our in situ experiments show that the tubes of Riftia are highly stable structures. Comparative measurements of the degradation rates of Riftia tubes and crab shells immersed at deep-sea vents show that the tubes would be degraded within 2.5 years, whereas the time for the total degradation of the vent crab (Bythograea thermydron) carapaces would not exceed 36 days. The importance of the microbial participation in this degradation was estimated for Riftia tubes. Based on previous work, we calculated chitin production by a population of Riftia tubes of about 750 g m(-2) year(-1) (763). From our in situ experiments, we estimated a microbial chitinolysis rate of about 500 g m(-2) year(-1) (496) (65% of the chitin produced). Exoskeletons containing beta-chitin appear more stable in natural environments than those containing alpha-chitin and would thus be less available as carbon and nitrogen sources. In contrast, isolated beta-chitin was hydrolysed faster than alpha-chitin during in vitro degradation experiments; for instance, Riftia beta-chitin was degraded about 3- to 4-fold faster than Bythograea alpha-chitin. A stabilization process by disulfide bonds of the proteins-chitin link, rather than the crystalline form of the chitin (alpha/beta), accounts for the resistance of Riftia tubes to enzymatic attacks.


text:
Crane Hoist Brake
The harm of Crane Hoist Brake reverse brake
Electric hoist is generally installed in gantry cranes, single girder cranes, overhead cranes, suspended cranes. A little modification, can also be used as a hoist. So, it is to improve labor efficiency, improve the working conditions of the necessary tools, electric hoist reverse brake what harm it, the following is given the introduction:
1, if the high-speed operation of a motor to the opposite direction, it will cause a strong impact, burn the motor.
2, the brakes will also cause a strong friction between the gear impact, causing equipment accidents.
3, if the electric hoist hanging on the crane, due to the weight of the crane, if suddenly give it a reverse force, electric hoist because of strong inertia and produce a lot of torque, will cause the transmission system, and the fuselage damage The
4, lifting the weight will swing, the occurrence of falling accidents.


Should you worry about your state's pass average?
In my opinion, law students waste too much time and energy worrying about their state's bar passage rates.
Your state's overall pass average for a particular exam is not the biggest predictor of individual success. Instead the factors which are actually within the control of the student tend to prove to be the more accurate predictors of success. In other words, the amount of time spent in preparation, the amount of practice testing done by the student, etc. are more significant predictors of success. So are things like whether the student studies full-time versus trying to hold down a job or handle other outside distractions.
In my experience, students who put in the necessary hours and who use their study time effectively tend to pass the exam every time regardless of the overall state pass average. So rather than worrying about factors that are beyond your control, why not focus your energy on the things you can control and make the success factors work in your favor.


text:
Individuals wishing to enroll in the Class A CDL program must posses and/or provide the following:
- A completed registration form.
- $150 non-refundable registration fee.
- A completed disclosure and release form.
- A current valid driver's license.
- A High School diploma or GED from an accredited school in the USA. If this is not available you must successfully complete an entrance exam. This exam is given at no cost to you.
- A copy of a current DOT physical.
- A negative Pre-employment DOT drug screen completed within 30 days of the first day of training. The required forms are available at most hospitals and clinics. The cost of the DOT physical/drug screening is the student's responsibility. See the Drug Testing Requirements and providers available in Sioux Falls at the end of the packet.
- A Commercial Driver's Instructional Permit. To obtain a Commercial Driver's Instructional Permit, the following DOT tests are required: General Knowledge; Air Brakes; Combination Vehicles. Copies of the Commercial Driver's Handbook are available free of charge at any DOT testing station.
- Driving tests will be given in South Dakota only. If you hold a driver's license from another state, please check with us for available options.


Analytics Query Language
ShufflePoint is powered by our Analytics Query Language (AQL). AQL, which is similar to SQL, provides many features that facilitate efficient digital analytics reporting.
The query tool is used to create and run Google Analytics AQL queries, and create URLs for Google Earth, Google Maps and Google Charts.
Going beyond the raw GA API
Generic timeframe and comparison
AQL supports generic timeframes such as "Last30Days", making query reuse possible. Two timeframes can also be specified to generate a comparison result set in one step.
Formatting and sorting
AQL syntax includes a format function that allows you to build strings with embedded results for use within PowerPoint or Excel. It also supports sorting and limiting results to a specified number of rows.
Sophisticated filtering
AQL supports filter expressions to limit the data returned, either by metric value thresholds or by dimension member values. AQL passes these filter expressions directly to Google, so AQL will always be up-to-date in this regard.
Compare multiple profiles
When more than one profile is specified in a AQL query, the results are autmoatically correlated and presented in a single result set, making it easy to compare your sites.
Built in calculations
AQL makes it easy to obtain standard results such as metric percentages and dimension counts. Common calculations are also presented as selectable metrics, greatly simplifying the creation of usable statistics.
Data consistency
All web sites change over time as pages are added, renamed, or moved. AQL makes it possible to combine these results into a consistent result set through a built in mapping feature, improving data quality.
sign up for a free 7 day trial


text:
Online Documentation for SQL Manager for MySQL
Stored functions are routines that are available in 5.x and later versions of MySQL server. A Stored function is a set of SQL commands that returns the result and can be stored in the server. Once this is done, clients do not need to keep re-issuing the individual commands but can refer to the stored function instead.
Function Editor allows you to define function properties. It opens automatically when you create a new function and is available on editing an existing one.
To open a function in Function Editor, double-click it in the DB Explorer tree.
- Using Navigation bar and Toolbar
- Creating/editing function
- Browsing object dependencies
- Editing function description
- Viewing DDL definition
- Executing function


Volume Snapshots
Volume snapshots are immutable, point-in-time images of the contents of one or more volumes.
FlashArray User Guide.
All Pure Storage® FlashArray devices support volume snapshots. Because of the innovative technology used to implement the volume snapshots, snapshot creation and its lifecycle management does not impact an array's performance. Generally snapshots are classified as crash consistent or application consistent. Crash consistent snapshots preserve the data at the moment of snapshot but without the application awareness that snapshot is created. It is conceivable that open files will not be properly protected with a crash consistent snapshot. Application consistent snapshots ensure that all pending transactions and file system operations are completed at the time the snapshot is created. Application consistent snapshots provide reliable means of full data recovery.
MongoDB Replica Sets
MongoDB has been designed and developed with high availability features which are provided by replica sets. A replica set duplicates database data across all replica set members. At a minimum, three servers are required to configure the replica set. One of the replica set members serves as a primary with two or more secondaries (slaves). By default, the primary replica set member is responsible for read and write database operations. In the event of a primary failure, the remaining members elect a new primary. MongoDB 4.0 supports up to fifty nodes in a replica set with seven members participating in the primary member election. Besides high availability, the replica set model provides great flexibility in situations where software and hardware updates are required. Nodes can be safely evacuated from a replica set without impacting database performance and availability. Moreover, delayed replica set members can be utilized for a database point in time recovery operations or backups. Replica set members can be geographically dispersed and located in different data centers. An example of a five node MongoDB replica set is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Taking Advantage Of FlashArray Data Services With MongoDB
In most cases, MongoDB replica sets have been deployed on servers with Direct-Attached Storage (DAS). While using servers with DAS offers some benefits, there are also many challenges associated with this deployment model such as lack of integrated data services (data reduction and snapshots). The benefits of FlashArray data reduction are covered in MongoDB: (Disk) Space The Final Frontier blog. To determine how volume snapshots can benefit MongoDB FlashArray deployments, let us examine the replica set member failure or scheduled maintenance activity and corresponding recovery scenario. In a MongoDB replica set, the primary node maintains oplog (operations log) which is a rolling record of all inserts and updates. Secondary nodes also posses the oplog copy which is asynchronously updated from the primary. If the secondary node is unavailable for an extended period of time, the oplog on the primary may be overwritten without being duplicated to the secondary. Once the oplog has been overwritten or the disk subsystem on the failed node has been corrupted or lost, content of the entire database must be copied from another surviving node. This process, depending on the size of the database, workload and the network throughout can be time consuming. During the replication process, MongoDB replica set is at higher risk of failure should another node or nodes malfunction.
This risk can be easily reduced or mitigated if MongoDB data files are stored on FlashArray. By utilizing volume snapshots, the failed node may be recovered much faster than copying database files across the network. The possible MongoDB replica set with a FlashArray deployment is shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2.
MongoDB Replica Set Node Recovery Using FlashArray Snapshots
By utilizing MongoDB's replica set high availability features and FlashArray snapshots, the failed node recovery process is simple and efficient. The steps outlined below provide a general MongoDB replica set node recovery guidelines where database disks (dbpath) are located on FlashArray volumes. See Figure 3 (animated).
 1. Secondary Replica Set Member B: down for maintenance or failed
 2. Secondary Replica Set Member A: flush writes to disk and lock the database (db.fsyncLock())
 3. FlashArray: Snapshot database volume or volumes connected to Secondary Replica Set Member A locked in step 1 (purevol snap)
 4. Secondary Replica Set Member A: Unlock the database locked in step 1 (db.fsyncUnlock())
 5. FlashArray: Copy snapshot to volume/volumes or overwrite from snapshot existing volume/volumes which are connected to the recovering node (purevol copy)
 6. Secondary Replica Set Member B: Start mongod process on the recovering node (/usr/bin/mongod)
 7. Verify the replica set status (rs.status() and rs.printSlaveReplicationInfo())
Note: If the volume snapshot (step 3) is not required for longer term retention, volume copy with overwrite option (purevol copy –overwrite) may be executed eliminating step 5.
Figure 3 (animated).
Replica Set Secondary Node Recovery Test
The criterion for successful recovery was when the tested node reached the SECONDARY state. The node status can be obtained by executing rs.status() command.
In Pure Storage lab, the recovery of a 230 GB idle (no workload) database on the secondary replica set member with an empty dbpath (no database files) using MongoDB replication mechanism took approximately eighteen minutes. Recovering the same secondary node using FlashArray snapshots completed in less than a minute after starting mongod process.
Repeating the same test scenario with database under load (50% reads 50% updates) the recovery time on node with an empty file system (dbpath) took approximately twenty five minutes. Restoring identical node with FlashArray snapshot, the node state change from STARTUP2 to SECONDARY occurred in less than a minute. See table below.
MongoDB Replication FlashArray Snapshot Improvement
No Workload 18 minutes 1 minute 18x
Workload (50%reads 50% updates)
25 minutes 1 minute 25x
All data services such as snapshot, Snap to NFS, CloudSnap, data reduction, synchronous and asynchronous replication are included with all FlashArray models. By taking advantage of volume snapshots, MongoDB replica set instances can be quickly recovered reducing the node downtime and without increasing the network congestion and bandwidth requirements. Furthermore, adding a new replica set node will be also greatly simplified and significantly faster than native MongoDB replication.
As an additional benefit, utilizing Snap to NFS or Purity CloudSnap™ and MongoDB delayed replica set members, FlashArray volume snapshots can be offloaded to another media providing convenient and inexpensive (lower storage cost) means of maintaining multiple point in time database recovery options.


Backstreet Boys Quiz: questions and answers
Backstreet Boys Quiz: questions and answers
My score
Backstreet Boys was one of the most popular boy bands of the last decade of the XX century. Since the beginning of their music career, they were the idols for many girls all over the world.
Backstreet Boys quiz includes some interesting questions and answers about the history of the band.
Test yourself
Found a mistake? Select it and press Ctrl+Enter
1. When was Backstreet Boys formed?
2. Where was the band formed?
3. Who was never a member of the band?
4. What was the band's debut album?
5. When did the boy band received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame?
6. How many Grammy Awards were Backstreet Boys awarded?
7. Who had left the band in 2006 and returned back in 2008?
8. What was the first concert tour of the band?
9. What is the title of the documentary film about Backstreet Boys released in 2015?
10. How many members are there in Backstreet Boys?


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The Católica Porto Business School has several research and consultancy units, each with a different purpose:
- CEGE is a research centre registered and accredited by the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) and is primarily focused on fundamental research;
- two centres – LEAD.Lab and SLab – are geared towards applied research with managerially relevant impact;
- CEGEA is a unit dedicated to consultancy services.
An Associate Dean for Research oversees all research activities conducted through these units, which are evidently interconnected along a continuum and constitute a key distinctive factor of the school as an organisation capable of expanding the frontiers of scientific knowledge and provide value-added services to the community, with clear implications for public and private policies.


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To clean the blue protective film off new tires, use a rubber cleaner or mild soap with a brush or cloth. Gently scrub the surface until the blue residue lifts away.
New tires often come with a noticeable blue coating, a manufacturing byproduct that protects the rubber. This distinctive hue is actually a release agent or preservative applied during production to keep the tires in pristine condition until they reach the consumer.
As an expert in SEO content creation, this guide is tailored to answer one of the common questions tire buyers have: "How do I remove the bluish protective layer from my new tires? " This concise introduction provides a clear step-by-step assistance while optimizing for search engines, ensuring that tire enthusiasts and car owners find the information they need efficiently and without hassle. With the correct tire cleaning method, your wheels will be ready to hit the road with a clean, fresh appearance.
Introduction To Tire Blooming
Tire blooming, a term unfamiliar to many, refers to a common phenomenon owners notice with new tires. This process is not merely cosmetic; it holds significance for maintaining the tires' integrity. Understanding and addressing tire blooming is crucial for both the appearance and longevity of your new tires.
Defining Tire Blooming And Its Causes
Tire blooming occurs when tires start to look dull and lose their black, glossy appearance. This is often mistaken for dirt or wear, but in reality, it's a reaction that takes place on the tire's surface. There are specific causes behind this blooming:
- Antiozonants Reaction: Tires contain protective compounds that migrate to the surface and react with ozone in the air.
- UV Light Exposure: Ultraviolet light from the sun accelerates the degradation of tire compounds.
- Manufacturing Process: The use of certain mold release agents can contribute to the blooming effect.
Why It's Important To Remove The Blue Film On New Tires
When tires leave the factory, they often have a blue protective film that guards against oxidation. This layer is essential to tire preservation before they are sold. However, once you have the tires mounted, it's crucial to remove this blue film for several reasons:
- Ensures Peak Performance: Proper tire traction is crucial, and having a clean tire surface is part of it.
- Maintains Appearance: Clean, bloom-free tires enhance the look of your vehicle.
- Avoids Long-term Damage: Leaving the film on could shorten tire lifespan by trapping heat and moisture.
Preparing To Clean New Tires
Welcome to the essential guide on making your new tires shine! When you purchase new tires, they often come with a blue protective film. This film prevents damage during storage and shipment. But it's not the best look for hitting the road. We'll take you through each step to ensure your tires are spotless and ready to roll.Gathering the Necessary Supplies
Gathering The Necessary Supplies
Effective cleaning starts with having the right tools. Here's what you'll need:
- Tire cleaner – A cleaner designed for tire care.
- Soft-bristled brush – To scrub without harming your tires' surface.
- Microfiber cloth – For a smooth finish.
- Bucket – To mix water and cleaner if necessary.
- Gloves – To protect your hands during cleaning.
Safety Precautions Before Starting The Cleaning Process
Safety is paramount. Before you start, take these steps:
- Ensure the cleaning area is well-ventilated.
- Wear gloves to protect your skin from cleaners.
- Keep cleaners away from children and pets.
- Follow the cleaner's instructions carefully.
Step-by-step Guide To Cleaning The Blue Off New Tires
Welcome to the ultimate guide for making your new tires shine! New tires come with a blue protective film that keeps them fresh. But before you hit the road, let's get them looking their best by removing the blue coating. This step-by-step process will ensure a thorough clean without damaging your tires.
Initial Rinsing: Removing Loose Dirt And Debris
Begin with a gentle rinse. It's vital to remove any loose dirt that could scratch the rubber during cleaning. Use a garden hose with moderate pressure, making sure you get around the entire tire surface.
Applying The Cleaning Solution: What Products To Use
Select a mild soap or tire cleaner. Harsh chemicals can damage the tires. Mix with warm water in a bucket. Look for cleaners that state "safe for all tires" to ensure compatibility.
Scrubbing Techniques: How To Effectively Remove The Blue Film
Use a soft-bristle brush to apply the cleaning solution. Brush in a circular motion, focusing on areas with the blue film. Gentle strokes are key – aim to remove the film without being rough on the tire.
Final Rinsing And Drying: Ensuring No Residue Is Left Behind
After scrubbing, rinse the tires thoroughly. Ensure all cleaner is washed off to prevent residue. To dry, use a microfiber towel or chamois to absorb water without scratching. Leave them spotless and dry before you drive.
Preventive Measures And Tire Maintenance
Brand-new tires gleam with a distinctive blue coating, a factory-applied protective layer. But keeping tires clean post-purchase involves more than a simple wash. Good habits and preventive care ensure tires not only look fresh but also perform better and last longer. Start protecting and maintaining tires right from day one with these useful tips.
Protective Products To Keep New Tires Looking Clean
Dress your tires in the right attire. The right products keep tires looking their best. Tire protectants play a vital role. They create a barrier against road grime and UV rays.
- Water-based protectants: Ideal for a natural look and rubber nourishment.
- Silicone-based protectants: Offers a glossy finish and extra durability.
Always apply protectants as instructed. Let them dry completely. This avoids attracting dirt or debris.
Routine Maintenance Tips To Prevent Tire Blooming
|Gentle wash with mild soap and water
|Apply tire protectant
|Professional tire inspection
Following a consistent cleaning regimen keeps tires in pristine condition. Avoid harsh chemicals which can cause rubber degradation, leading to tire blooming – a brown discoloration.
Common Mistakes To Avoid In Tire Care
Remember, tire care is straightforward if you know the pitfalls. Here's what not to do:
- Using harsh cleaners: They strip away natural oils and lead to cracking.
- Spraying protectant on tread: This can reduce grip and affect safety.
- Ignoring tire pressure: Too high or low pressure wears tires out unevenly.
Stick to manufacturer recommendations. Regularly check pressure levels. This ensures optimal tire health and performance.
Conclusion: The Importance Of Regular Tire Maintenance
Keeping tires clean is not just about aesthetics. It's a vital aspect of vehicle care that extends tire life and ensures safety. Dirt, grime, and manufacturing residues can affect tire performance. Regular maintenance leads to improved fuel efficiency and better handling. This post provided simple steps to remove the blue protective film from new tires.
Recap Of Steps For Cleaning New Tires
- Identify the blue substance on the tire surface.
- Use a mild tire cleaner or soap and water mixture.
- Apply with a soft brush and scrub gently.
- Rinse thoroughly with clean water.
- Dry the tires with a clean microfiber towel.
- Repeat if necessary, ensuring all blue is gone.
- Apply a tire protectant for a shiny finish.
The Beneficial Impact Of Clean Tires On Performance And Longevity
Clean tires mean better traction and reduced wear. Without dirt and debris, they can perform as designed. This leads to optimized braking and cornering. Regular cleaning prevents premature aging and cracking. It also allows for easier detection of issues such as punctures or uneven wear.
Maintain this routine to safeguard performance and longevity. Your commitment pays off in enhanced safety and economy. Remember, well-maintained tires are the foundation of a reliable ride.
Frequently Asked Questions For How To Clean The Blue Off New Tires
How Do You Get Blue Off New Tires?
To remove the blue protective film on new tires, gently scrub it off with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Rinse thoroughly and dry afterward.
What Is The Blue Stuff On My Tires?
The blue stuff on your tires is likely the protective wax coating applied during manufacturing. It preserves the tire's surface during storage and transit before you use them.
How Do You Clean The Blue Off Of White Wall Tires?
To clean the blue coating off white wall tires, gently scrub with a mixture of mild soap and water using a soft brush. Rinse thoroughly and dry to prevent residue.
Why Did My White Wall Tires Come Blue?
White wall tires often come with a blue protective coating. This layer shields the white rubber from damage and discoloration during storage and shipment.
Keeping your new tires clean not only enhances their aesthetic but also contributes to their longevity. With these easy steps, you'll remove the blue protective film effectively, making your tires look fresh off the shelf. Embrace these tips and enjoy the ride on gleaming wheels every time you hit the road.
Safe travels and pristine wheels await!


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We investigate the role of perceptual organization in principal components analysis for vehicle recognition. The principal components analysis is a representative appearance based recognition algorithm that reduces the dimension of search space from the number of pixels to the number of dominant image components. However, its time complexity is high because it performs window operation.
To reduce the search space, we use line junctions with associated quality measures found in perceptual organization methods. Because lines in image or their groupings are inherited from three-dimensional structures, they can form a good initial hypothesis of search process. We define a corner feature as a small image area where the junctions are concentrated, and at the same time, characterize an object. In our application, the corner of the roof inside of the vehicle area is selected, and we name it the corner feature.
By combining principal components analysis and perceptual organization, we could construct an efficient vehicle recognition framework. We also present experimental results using real images of outdoor traffic scenes to demonstrate the efficiency of the algorithm.


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(Phys.org)—Tried-and-true techniques could help optimize oilseed yield for biodiesel production, according to studies conducted by U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) scientists.
For more than 30 years, near infrared (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy has been used as a rapid and nondestructive method for measuring protein, moisture, and oil levels in whole grains. Now Agricultural Research Service (ARS) research leader Dan Long is studying how to use remote sensing tools to quickly assess seed oil quality and quantity before and after harvest.
ARS is USDA's chief intramural scientific research agency, and this research supports the USDA priority of developing new sources of bioenergy.
Long, who works at the ARS Columbia Plateau Conservation Research Center in Pendleton, Ore., used a special NIR sensor to assess seed oil content in 226 canola samples from Montana, Washington and Oregon. Seed oil concentration is used to estimate extraction efficiency, which is the percentage of oil recovered in relation to the amount of oil in seed.
Using this technique, Long was able to determine that oil concentrations in the samples ranged from 32 percent to 46 percent, and that the NIR sensor estimated seed oil content with an average error of 0.73 percent. A bout of abnormal weather affected results from one group of seeds in this study. If this group had been excluded from the analysis, the overall error rate would have been less than 0.5 percent.
Long believes that NIR sensors could be installed in seed crushing facilities to rapidly and continuously measure the oil content of clean seeds flowing into the expeller, where they are crushed to obtain the oil. Using NIR to monitor extraction efficiency might enable workers to adjust the choke setting on the expeller to compensate for oil loss in meal.
This would boost profits associated with seed processing, and lower the costs of the oil feedstock that is converted into fuel. NIR measurements might also help reduce the number of acres needed for oilseed feedstock production by maximizing seed oil extraction rates in the seed crushing facilities.
Explore further: Researchers identify new target to boost plant resistance to insects and pathogens
More information: Findings from these studies were published earlier this year in the Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy.


ORIGINAL ARTICLE The Dilemma of Irrational Antibiotic and Corticosteroid Prescription in Iran: How Much It Can Affect the Medicine Expenditures?
N Dopeykar, Parisa Mehdizadeh, Nooredin Dopeykar, Mohammad Meskarpour-Amiri, Hediyeh Zekri, Mahmoud Salesi
2017 Acta Med Iran unpublished
In recent years the high cost of medicines and the lack of it were one of the major problems in developing countries that despite numerous efforts to solve the root causes of this problem, the issue remains, unfortunately. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the impact of antibiotics and corticosteroids prescription on the medicines expenditures. This was descriptive-analytical study that conducted to assess the function of medical expenditures through prescription letters and analysis the
more »... and analysis the factors affecting medicine expenditures. We used the data of 91,994,667 selected prescription letters that were collected by the Ministry of the Health and Medical Education (MOHME) throughout the country in the year 2011 which was analyzed through a logarithmic regression model and OLS estimator. The average number of prescription items in each prescription letter were varied from 2.7 to 3.6, and the average price of each letter was varied from 30223 to 69986 Rials. Between 39 to 61 percent of prescription letters containing antibiotic items and between 15 and 35% of them contain corticosteroids. Also, the impact of antibiotic and corticosteroid prescriptions on the average expenditure of prescription letters were-1.4 and 0.032 respectively. Excessive and irrational prescribing had the greatest impact on medicine expenditures. On the other hand, the expenditure of prescription letters had the negative elasticity to antibiotics prescription and relatively inelastic for corticosteroids. So, raising the price of medications to reduce the use of them could not play a successful role in a control policy.