Study OF Rheological Properties Of (PEO-PMMA) ) Blends.
This study includes measurement of some rheological properties of polyethylene oxide (PEO), (polyethylene oxide + Polymethyl methacrylate( (PEO + PMMA ) polymers by using solvent Dimethylformamide (DMF) at room temperature such as density and shear viscosity. Other types of viscosities, viscosity average molecular weight and effective molecular radius were theoretically calculated. These samples were prepared in different concentrations (0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6,0.7,0.8 g/ml) % as solutions then the additive (PMMA) as (0.25 g ) and ( 0.5 g) respectively, where the samples were prepared by liquids mixture. Results show that there are an increases in the density values, shear viscosity, relative viscosity and intrinsic viscosity, with increasing concentration of (PEO) before and after adding (PMMA) polymer. However it was found that the reduced viscosity of (PEO) and its additive are inversely proportional with concentrations.


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INTRODUCTION: Borderline personality traits (BPT), which have a negative effect on the prognosis in substance use disorder (SUD), may increase the frequency of self-harming behavior (SHB) and suicidal behavior (SB). A determination of BPT may be a protective measure against SHB and SB. The objective of this study was to analyze the predictive role of BPT on SHB and SB in individuals diagnosed with SUD. The participants' sociodemographic data were also analyzed for contribution to the context.
METHODS: This cross-sectional research was conducted with inpatients at a single, private hospital psychiatric ward who had been diagnosed with SUD (n=122). The data were collected using the Borderline Personality Inventory, the Inventory of Statements About Self-Injury, and the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire.
RESULTS: The results demonstrated a predictive role of BPT and gender on SHB in individuals diagnosed with SUD. BPT, socioeconomic status, and education were found to be predictors of SB in individuals diagnosed with SUD.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The results of the research demonstrated that the risk evaluation of SHB and SB in SUD is highly significant. BPT must be handled independently from substance abuse with the appropriate psychological interventions. The findings also indicated that the education and socioeconomic level of the patient were significant factors and that psychosocial support is essential for this high-risk group. Additional research could provide valuable information that would enable more efficient, targeted treatment strategies.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Highlighting the history of French radio astronomy. 3: the Wurzburg antennas at Marcoussis, Meudon and Nancay
Orchiston, Wayne, Lequeux, James, Steinberg, Jean-Louis, and Delannoy, Jean (2007) Highlighting the history of French radio astronomy. 3: the Wurzburg antennas at Marcoussis, Meudon and Nancay. Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage, 10 (3). pp. 221-245.
|PDF (Published Version) - Repository staff only - Requires a PDF viewer such as GSview, Xpdf or Adobe Acrobat Reader|
View at Publisher Website: _URL_
During the 1940s and 1950s ex-World War II 7.5m WOrzburg radar antennas played a crucial role in the early development of radio astronomy in a number of European nations. One of these was France, where three different antennas began to be used during the late 1940s. Two of these were associated with the Ecole Normale Superieure in Paris, and were in itially sited at Marcoussis, near Paris, before being transferred to the Nan9ay field station in 1957. The third WOrzburg antenna was used by staff from the Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, and was installed at Meudon Observatory on the outskirts of Paris. This paper describes the three antennas, lists the personnel involved. discusses the observations made, evaluates the significance of this research in a national and international context, and comments on their current whereabouts.
|Item Type:||Article (Refereed Research - C1)|
Reproduced with permission from Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage
|Keywords:||astronomical history; radio astronomy|
|FoR Codes:||02 PHYSICAL SCIENCES > 0299 Other Physical Sciences > 029999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified @ 100%|
|SEO Codes:||97 EXPANDING KNOWLEDGE > 970102 Expanding Knowledge in the Physical Sciences @ 100%|
|Deposited On:||07 May 2009 15:59|
|Last Modified:||10 Nov 2011 18:02|
Last 12 Months: 0
Repository Staff Only: item control page

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Iran Zoroastrians celebrate ancient feast of fire
ALI AKBAR DAREINI Associated Press Published:
TEHRAN, Iran (AP) -- Followers of Iran's minority Zoroastrian religion gathered after sunset to mark Sadeh -- an ancient mid-winter feast dating to Iran's pre-Islamic past that is also drawing new interest from Muslims.
Zoroastrian priests, dressed in white to symbolize purity, recited verses from Avesta, the holy Zoroastrian book, before more than 2,000 people on Tuesday.
Men and women in traditional dress carried torches and lit a huge bonfire on the outskirts of Tehran Tuesday, as young people danced.
Sadeh, the feast of creation of fire, has been observed since ancient days, when Zoroastrianism was the dominant religion in the powerful Persian empire.
Zoroastrianism lost dominance after Muslim Arabs invaded and conquered Persia in the seventh century. Today, most of Iran's 75 million people are Shiite Muslims, and the ruling establishment is led by clerics who preach a strict version of Islam.
After the 1979 revolution brought in the hard-line Islamic religious government, many Zoroastrians emigrated to the U.S., and their festivals were strongly discouraged.
About 20,000 Zoroastrians remain today -- down from 300,000 in the 1970s, when many emigrated to the United States. They make up part of Iran's small non-Muslim population, including 150,000 Christians and 15,000 Jews.
Although the feast of fire has traditionally been marked by Zoroastrians, many Muslim Iranians joined the festival Tuesday.
"This festival promotes friendship and happiness. The feast is an opportunity to thank God for the creation of fire. The light and warmth of fire brings affection among communities. That's the reason we are here," Zoroastrian priest Sohrab Hengami said.
Ali Doosti, an Iranian Muslim who attended Tuesday's celebration, said Sadeh should not been seen from a purely religious perspective.
"Sadeh is an ancient celebration that symbolizes Iran's rich cultural heritage. There is no reason why Iranian Muslims shouldn't observe the event," he said.
To Zoroastrians, fire represents life and the inherent nature of Ahura Mazda -- total goodness.
"Sadeh is a celebration of fire, but we are not fire worshippers. We worship one God," said Ardeshir Khorshidian, another priest.
Fire plays a central role in worship as a symbol of truth and the spirit of God. Prayer is often performed in front of a fire, and consecrated fires are kept perpetually burning in major temples.


Wood Working in Kerby, OR
What is Woodworking?
Woodworking is the known as the building or the creation of objects out of wood. You can create a lot of different objects from woodworking and these objects can be as big as gazebos or as small as wooden toys. No matter how big or small your personal project may be you will be very likely to accomplish that goal with woodworking. In addition, woodworking has many personal as well as emotional benefits! In this article I am going to briefly identify some of these benefits for you.
Woodworking as a Career:
A lot of people who love to work with their hands have turned that love into a career through woodworking. People who build things out of wood are generally known as carpenters. wood working in Kerby, OR. wood working in Kerby, OR. Carpenters can work on a variety of woodworking projects and job types. For instance, some carpenters own their carpentry business and these individuals have the luxury to set their work hours. This benefit allows carpenters the opportunity to spend more time with their families and have less job stress. Raising children is a really difficult task no matter what way you approach the task! For a carpenter who owns his or her own business, this task might not be as hard because that individual will have more time to be a part of his or her child's life. By playing a bigger role in the life of your child you will be having a greater impact on the type of character that child develops into, which is a huge concern for any loving parent. In addition to these benefits, carpentry can also have health benefits as well.
Physical Health Benefits of Woodworking:
Do It Yourself Woodworking Saves Money:
Zip Codes Near Kerby, OR
97531, 97491, 97501, 95567, 97540, 95543, 97531, 96039, 95531, 97525, 97524, 96050, 96085, 97526, 97406, 97534, 97535, 97442, 97503, 97464, 97520, 97543, 97444, 97497, 97410, 96086, 97523, 97533, 97502, 97538, 97544, 95538, 97530, 97537, 97415, 97532


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- Definition of Household savings ratio: The percentage of disposable income that is saved. (1)
- Total savings = Disposable income – Household consumption
UK Saving Ratio
- Latest UK household savings ratio: Q1 2017 = 1.7% (July 2017)
- By contrast the average savings ratio in the past 54 years is 9.2% of disposable income.
2017 has seen a dramatic fall in the UK savings ratio to a record low. This fall in the savings ratio has been caused by
- Fall in real wages
- Depreciation in Sterling post-Brexit – pushing up cost of living and contributing to fall in real wages
- To maintain spending, consumers have borrowed and dipped into savings
- Temporary factors (high tax payments on dividends)
UK Saving ratio. Source: National income accounts Q4 NRJS dataset
NRJS = Households + NPISH (Non Profit Institutions Serving Households)
Saving ratio and base interest rates
In theory, lower interest rates reduce the incentive to save. But, the interest rate is only one of many factors influencing decisions to save. The most important factor is the state of the economy. In 2009, we saw a rapid rise in the saving rate because of the recession – despite interest rates cut to zero.
Source: RPQL, ONS
This shows total quarterly gross household + non profit savings.
2017 saw sharp drop in saving levels
Savings ratio since 1963
In the post war period, the UK savings ratio was on an upward trend. Between 1964 and the early 1980s, we see a long-term rise. There was a peak in the recession of 1980/81.
However, between 1992 and 2008 (in a period known as the great moderation), the saving ratio fell to an all time low of 4.6%.
At the start of the credit crunch and recession of 2008-10, the saving ratio rose rapidly as consumers became more risk averse and wanted to pay off debts and increase savings. This rise in the saving ratio contributed to a fall in consumer spending and negative economic growth.
The sharp fall in real GDP in 2008/09 mirrored the sharp rise in the savings ratio.
The concern is that economic growth post-2012 is partly driven by a falling saving ratio, that is unsustainable without a rise in real wages.
Saving ratio in 2008-12 recession
The saving ratio in the 2008-12 recession didn't rise as much as during the 1990-92 recession. This is because:
- In the 1991-92 recession, interest rates were much higher (reaching a peak of 15%). Since 2009, interest rates have fallen to 0.5%. Therefore, from the perspective of interest rates there is a lower incentive to save in 2012
- The 2008-12 recession has caused a bigger long term squeeze on real incomes (due to higher tax, rising energy prices and falling real wages). Therefore, people have had less room to increase savings and pay off debt. They have been struggling to meet bills and so they don't have the same luxury of increasing saving.
Fall in savings ratio since 2010
Since 2010 Q1, the savings ratio has fallen significantly from 11.8% to 4.7% Q2 2015. This is partly due to stagnant real wages, though there are hopes that the recent rise in real incomes will translate into higher savings ratio.
Saving ratio v net financial wealth
Reasons for a fall in savings ratio during _PHONE_
- Availability of credit until 2007 encouraged people to take out loans.
- Rising House prices encouraged people to borrow because of their positive wealth effect. Home-owners could re-mortgage
- Cultural / social trends encouraging an attitude of borrowing and spending. See: Problem of Personal Debt
- Low-Interest rates. E.g. in 1991-92 interest rates were over 12%. In 2000s interest rates fell to 3%. Interest rates are currently 4.5% and less than inflation. This negative real interest rate discourages saving.
Note: There was also a fall in the savings rate in the Lawson boom of the 1980s
Why do saving ratios tend to rise in a recession?
- In a recession, people worry about unemployment and so are likely to be more cautious about borrowing and spending. If you fear unemployment, you don't want to be saddled with debt repayments on a new car. People tend to delay big purchases during economic uncertainty. Saving ratios rose during a recession such as 1991-92 and 2008-12.
- Banks are trying to improve their balance sheets by attracting more deposits and lending less. It is often hard to get a loan during a recession.
- During 2008-12 real interest rates were often negative which, in theory, reduces the incentive to save. However, low real interest rates can be outweighed by more important factors, such as the fear of being made unemployed. In other words, people are saving more – despite poor return from saving.
Saving ratio and the paradox of thrift
The paradox of thrift is the idea that if everyone saves at once, it can cause macro-economic problems (i.e. recession). From an individual perspective, it makes sense to save and pay off debts in a recession. But, if everyone pursues the same course of higher saving, it causes a fall in aggregate demand.
See: Paradox of thrift
Savings ratio and fiscal policy
In a recession, a sharp rise in the savings ratio means that consumer spending will fall significantly. In Keynesian economics, this is a reason for the government to borrow and increase spending. The logic is
- If the saving ratio rises, government spending needs to take the place of private sector spending and investment. Otherwise, the recession will be deeper.
- If the saving ratio rises, the private sector has more available funds to purchase government bonds.
Benefits of a higher saving ratio
A rapid rise in the savings ratio can cause a fall in aggregate demand and recession. However, in the long term, a higher savings ratio is often considered to help promote more sustainable economic growth.
Higher savings enables more private sector investment. Many see this level of investment as a key factor in determining the long term economic growth rate.
Problems of low savings ratio
A very low savings ratio can indicate:
- Unbalanced economy with over-reliance on consumer spending.
- Build up of personal debt.
- Current account deficit, (with imports greater than exports.)
Since 2010, the fall in the savings ratio has occurred during a widening of the current account deficit.
- Paying off debt and savings
- Difference between saving and investment
- Paradox of saving – why people save more when they say it is a bad time to save
- Definition of disposable income
(1) The ONS define the savings ratio (NRJS) – Households' saving as a percentage of total available households' resources.
(2) The saving ratio is subject to be revised at a later date.


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POWERFUL TOOLS FOR COLOR SEGMENTATION
The Aphelion™ Color Extension lets the user manage color images from the Aphelion Dev environment by providing advanced tools to segment images and extract objects of interest based on their color intensity. It includes four semi-automatic segmentation techniques: Interval, Distance, Region Growing, and Morphological Partition. The user first identifies some points or regions of interest in an image, and then the selected algorithm automatically extracts the regions based on the defined color. Fine-tuning tools are available to increase the regions of interest to provide an optimal match of the objects to be detected.
Segmentation of a color image in the Aphelion Dev graphical user interface using the Color Extension
Color tools included:
- Color Conversion – Support for RGB, HSI, YIQ, YUV, XYZ, Lab, and LCH color spaces.
- Interval – This method is based on the processing of the three color bands independently. The color value is defined by clicking on a reference point inside an object to be detected. A threshold is then performed using the color band values of the reference point, plus and minus the respective band tolerance values that are user defined.
- Distance – This method defines an object as being a set of pixels such that the distance of the pixel color value and the color reference is less or equal to a specified distance. The user specifies the distance value by adjusting a slider and the color reference by clicking points in the image.
- Region Growing – This method of segmentation is based on manually specifying initial object seeds inside objects of interest. Such seeded or initial regions are grown larger through the user's changing the color Distance parameter or placing additional object and non-object seeds on the image.
- Morphological Partition – This segmentation method is based on a morphological watershed operation that partitions an image into N regions such that each regional boundary line corresponds to an image edge (i.e., a gradient sign change in a three by three neighborhood).
Main Benefits of the Aphelion Color Extension
- Fully integrated in the Aphelion Dev Object Extraction Task
- Detect color objects by just clicking on a few pixels inside the objects of interest
- Segment results more accurately by fine-tuning operator parameters
- Integrate Aphelion color operators into your stand-alone application


CEP: Process Safety Beacon - Mechanical Integrity of Tubing
Proper installation, maintenance, and inspection of metal tubing is important in preventing fires and toxic material releases in process plants. Do not forget about tubing just because it is usually small. Even a small leak can cause a fire that can grow much larger, and small releases of toxic materials can be dangerous. Here are some reported incidents.
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Can someone please tell me how to determine all $\mathbb{Q}$-automorphisms of some splitting field $F$ of $X^3-3 \in \mathbb{Q}[X]$ and to determine $[F:\mathbb{Q}]$?
I think $[F:\mathbb{Q}]=3$, since I can construct a specific splitting field containing the three (complex) roots of the polynomial $X^3-3 $, but I don't know how to prove that it equals $3$. And for the automorphisms, I don't even know how to approach it.
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the reason why you can't prove $[F:\mathbb{Q}]=3$ is that $[F:\mathbb{Q}]=6$ – user8268 Nov 6 '12 at 22:12
yes, once you have in hand one of the roots of the polynomial, you need to write down explicitly what the other roots are. Then you need to notice what other irrationality needs to be adjoined to the setup to get all three in any field. You'll see that there is a unique quadratic extension of $\mathbb Q$ there, and three different cubic extensions. This is an exercise that everyone must do for her/himself. – Lubin Nov 7 '12 at 2:27
1 Answer 1
up vote 4 down vote accepted
Let $F$ be a field. Let $F^\times$ be the multiplicative group of $F$. Let $(a, b) \in F^\times \times F$. We denote by $\lambda(a, b)$ the permutation $x \rightarrow ax + b$ on $F$. Let $(a, b), (c, d) \in F^\times \times F$. Since $a(cx + d) + b = acx + ad + b$, $\lambda(a, b)\circ\lambda(c, d) = \lambda(ac, ad + b)$. Hence $\{\lambda(a, b) | (a, b) \in F^\times \times F\}$ is a permutation group on $F$. We call this group the affine general linear group of degree $1$ on $F$ and denote it by $AGL(1, F)$. Since $\lambda(a, b)(0) = b$ and $\lambda(a, b)(1) - b = a$, $(a, b)$ is uniquely determined by $\lambda(a, b)$. Hence $|AGL(1, F)| = |F^\times \times F|$.
Proposition Let $p, q$ be prime numbers which may or may not be equal. Let $a$ be an integer which is divisible by $q$, but not not divisible by $q^2$. $X^p - a$ is irreducible in $\mathbb{Q}[X]$ by the Eisenstein's criterion. Let $K$ be the splitting field of $X^p - a$ in $\mathbb{C}$. Then the Galois group $G$ of $K/\mathbb{Q}$ is isomorphic to $AGL(1, F)$, where $F = \mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}$.
Proof: Let $\zeta$ be a primitive $p$-th root of unity. Let $\alpha$ be a root of $X^p - a$ in $\mathbb{C}$. $\alpha,\alpha\zeta,\dots,\alpha\zeta^{p-1}$ are distinct roots of $X^p - a$. Hence $K = \mathbb{Q}(\alpha,\alpha\zeta,\dots,\alpha\zeta^{p-1})$. Since $\zeta = \alpha\zeta/\alpha \in K$, $K = \mathbb{Q}(\alpha, \zeta)$.
Let $\sigma \in G$. Since $\sigma(\zeta)^p = 1$, there exists an integer $b$ such that $\sigma(\zeta) = \zeta^b$. Clearly $b$ (mod $p$) is uniquely determined by $\sigma$ and $b$ (mod $p) \in F^\times$. On the other hand, there exists an integer $c$ such that $\sigma(\alpha) = \alpha\zeta^c$. Clearly $c$ (mod $p$) is uniquely determined by $\sigma$. We denote $\phi(\sigma) = \lambda(b$ mod $p、c$ mod $p) \in AGL(1, F)$. Hence we get a map $\phi\colon G \rightarrow AGL(1, F)$. Let $\sigma, \tau \in G$. Suppose $\phi(\sigma) = \lambda(b$ mod $p, c$ mod $p$) and $\phi(\tau) = \lambda(d$ mod $p, e$ mod $p$). Then $\sigma\tau(\zeta) = \zeta^{bd}$ and $\sigma\tau(\alpha) = \sigma(\alpha\zeta^e) = \alpha\zeta^c\zeta^{be} = \alpha\zeta^{be + c}$. Hence $\phi(\sigma\tau) = \phi(\sigma)\phi(\tau)$. Hence $\phi$ is a homomorphism. It is easy to see that $\phi$ is injective.
It remains to prove that $\phi$ is surjective. Since $[\mathbb{Q}(\zeta) \colon \mathbb{Q}] = p - 1$, $[K \colon \mathbb{Q}(\zeta)] > 1$. Let $H$ be the Galois group of $K/\mathbb{Q}(\zeta)$. Let $\tau \in H$. There exists an integer $c$ such that $\tau(\alpha) = \alpha\zeta^c$. We define a map $\psi\colon H \rightarrow F$ by $\psi(\tau) = c$ mod $p$. It is easy to see that $\psi$ is an injective homomorphism. Hence $|F| = p$ is divisible by $|H|$. Since $|H| > 1$, $|H| = p$, Hence $[K \colon \mathbb{Q}] = p(p-1)$. Hence $\phi$ is surjective. QED
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Seems to me that OP is a real beginner, and that your explanation will be too highfalutin for her/him. – Lubin Nov 7 '12 at 2:29
_USER_ It is a proof rather than an explanation. I believe anyone who knows basics of Galois theory and group theory can understand it. – Makoto Kato Nov 7 '12 at 3:18
Makoto, you may be right. But, reading between the lines, I bet OP doesn't know what a semi-direct product is, and won't derive much benefit from your efforts, at least, not this year. – Gerry Myerson Nov 7 '12 at 5:42
_USER_ If there are people(including the OP or otherwise) who can understand the proof and learn something from it, that would be my pleasure. – Makoto Kato Nov 7 '12 at 21:32
_USER_ +1 for your answer, but it would be good if you added a section that addressed beginners. For example, state all the automorphisms of the extension (in the usual way that we show that the Galois group of the polynomial above is $S_3$). Even for me reading your post takes some time to fully digest what is going on, what about for a beginner? – user38268 Dec 15 '12 at 14:04
Your Answer


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Date of Award
Master of Science
The mammalian ovary contains a vast reserve of oocytes, most of which are enclosed within preantral follicles. A Biopsy Pick-Up (BPU) method was tested to determine the feasibility of retrieving preantral follicles from mare ovaries in vivo. BPU fragments were collected from 5 to 21 yr old mares during the breeding season and processed using a tissue chopper, submitted to histological analysis or submitted to in vitro culture for 1 or 7 days. In conclusion, the BPU method is a reliable way to repeatedly harvest large numbers of viable, morphologically normal preantral follicles from living mares without affecting ovarian function or general reproductive health. Additionally, equine preantral follicles undergo development and growth when submitted to in vitro culture in α-MEM for 7 days, with some follicles maintaining morphological normality throughout. These technologies could be used in the future to enable the use of numerous oocytes present within the equine ovary to preserve genetic material or for large-scale embryo production.
This thesis is only available for download to the SIUC community. Others should
contact the interlibrary loan department of your local library.


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The connected classroom climate centers on supportive student-to-student communication in the classroom, and may provide students enrolled in public speaking courses with a safe and comfortable haven to present speeches.
This study examined student connectedness in public speaking courses and it's affect on students' (N = 368) communication abilities. Results revealed positive perceptions of student connectedness related to decreases in public speaking anxiety and public speaking apprehension, as well as increases in perceptions of communication competence.
These outcomes suggest public speaking instructors should consider the relationships that exist among students and how they may further encourage connectedness in their classrooms.
Sidelinger, Robert J.; Myers, Scott A.; and McMullen, Audra L.
"Students' Communication Predispositions: An Examination of Classroom Connectedness in Public Speaking Courses,"
Basic Communication Course Annual: Vol. 23
, Article 13.
Available at: _URL_


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Measuring the gain in income from migration is complicated by non-random selection of migrants from the general population, making it hard to obtain an appropriate comparison group of non-migrants.
This paper uses a migrant lottery to overcome this problem, providing an experimental measure of the income gains from migration. New Zealand allows a quota of Tongans to immigrate each year with a lottery used to choose amongst the excess number of applicants. A unique survey conducted by the authors in these two countries allows experimental estimates of the income gains from migration to be obtained by comparing the incomes of migrants to those who applied to migrate, but whose names were not drawn in the lottery, after allowing for the effect of noncompliance among some of those whose names were drawn.
We also conducted a survey of individuals who did not apply for the lottery. Comparing this non-applicant group to the migrants enables assessment of the degree to which non-experimental methods can provide an unbiased estimate of the income gains from migration.
We find evidence of migrants being positively selected in terms of both observed and unobserved skills. As a result, non-experimental methods are found to overstate the gains from migration, by 9 to 82 percent. A good instrumental variable works best, while difference-in-differences and bias-adjusted propensity-score matching also perform comparatively well.
McKenzie, David, John Gibson and Steven Stillman. 2010. "How Important is Selection? Experimental Vs Non-experimental Measures of the Income Gains from Migration. Journal of the European Economic Association (June) 8. no. 4: 913-45.


Vaping Relavant
 - Proper Tips for Vaping Outside During the Winter
 Proper Tips for Vaping Outside During the Winter
 If you're new to vaping, you probably aren't familiar with the struggle vapers face during the winter months. In addition to having to brave the cold every so often to enjoy your vape, the drop in temperature also complicates the mechanics of your device. Below are some helpful tips for vaping this winter.
 Winter Vaping Outdoors Tip #1: Keep Your E-Liquid at Room Temperature
 While stepping outside for a quick vape won't ruin your e-juice, prolonged exposure to the cold could cause the liquid to thicken. Avoid this by limiting the device's time in the cold or by keeping it warm in your hand. Otherwise you run the risk of not only thickening your liquid, but also damaging your coil.
 Winter Vaping Outdoors Tip #2: Protect Your Equipment from Moisture
 Remember that your vape is an electronic device and that, like all electronics, it doesn't mix well with moisture. By simply moving from the warm interior of your home to the freezing cold outside, condensation can form on the most sensitive parts of your vape. Take the necessary precautions by packing it in a protective carrying case to keep the moisture away.
 Winter Vaping Outdoors Tip #3: Limit Your Devices Exposure to Freezing Temperatures
 In addition to damaging your hardware, freezing temperatures can also do a number on your device's battery life. When batteries are exposed to the cold, it can cause lithium inside to create plating over the electrodes, thereby causing your device's battery to overheat or charge at a slower rate. If you absolutely must vape outside in the cold this winter, allow your device to acclimate to the warmth of your home before charging it.
 Final Winter Vaping Outdoors Tip: Avoid the Metal Drip Tip
 If you're a fan of metal tips, you may want to consider a nice plastic tip this winter. It could spare you from a rather painful realization. When freezing metal comes in contact with something warm and wet, it will very likely stick to it. The same principle applies when your mouth touches a metal tip of a vape. If you're not into plastic drip tips, you can always spring for one of the wooden or glass variety.
 Of course, you could always choose to vape inside your home to avoid exposing your device (and yourself) to the bitter cold.
 - What Makes A Cheap Vaping Coil Well...Cheap?
 What Makes A Cheap Vaping Coil Well...Cheap
 Vaping, atomizing, and electronic cigarettes are a relatively new yet revolutionary concept in self-medication practice. The benefits to vaping and using these products are expertly verified and quite varied as well. Within these various tools of the trade however lie crucial components, necessary to the act of mechanical vaping – our most beloved activity.
 Importance of the Coil
 Perhaps the most important of all of these components is the coil. This central part of the vaping mechanism is single-handedly responsible for the device's changeover of liquid to gas, and the subsequent presence of a usable vapor. This is true regardless of the coil class - MOD coils, portable vaporizer coils, or e-cig coils.
 Because of their crucial role to the entirety of the vaping experience, coils have thus become a matter of elevated interest. Particularly, there has been much more curiosity as to how these coils differ at different quality levels as well as how they function in the first place. To make it all easier to understand, let's break it down to the basics. The following may come as a bit of a science lesson to some, but we'll keep it brief, explaining the function of the coil as well as providing some basic insights into electricity itself.
 How It Works
 First, some basics about electricity will really help one to understand their coil and its quality. Electricity flows very well through particular metals. In other metals however, it struggles to flow as well and thus encounters what is referred to as "resistance". Resistance can be terrible in some applications. Here though, the concept of resistance is actually necessary.
 This is where the coil comes in. The coil acts as this aforementioned, metallic path of travel for the electricity generated by the device's battery. The electricity naturally wants to flow across the body of this part whenever the battery sends power to it. However, due to its finely crafted, intentionally resistant composition, the electricity must struggle to run through it.
 The result here is a controlled and focused heat point – a super-heated and very focused point on the coil in which this reaction takes place. Subsequently, the vaporizer's liquid solution is pulled across this finely focused heat source. This then creates the inhalable vapor ultimately sought.
 The Effect of Coil Quality
 As in all manufactured wares, costs are a big governor over quality in product when it comes to vaping coils. Regardless of the type of vaporizing mechanism, the core innerworkings of the coil are much the same. Variations in quality however change everything.
 How exactly does quality differ between coils? In most cases, cost-control dictates the type of metals and casting processes used in the creation of a coil. Overall quality in design is also touched by the consideration.
 In a low quality coil, the company has likely saved money on the mass production of its coil via the use of cheaper metals, manufacturing processes, and designs. The result is a coil that does not employ the optimal metal compositions or design for the optimal electrical resistance and resulting vaporization. Perhaps then the coil dies quicker because the metal couldn't withstand the constant and demanding electron travels across it. Maybe the coil only works intermittently, a sign of troubled travel of electricity through the cheaply-made design. Regardless of the symptom, coil quality greatly dictates effective and reliable vaporization in addition to actual occurrences of bad symptoms.
 These are the basics of the concept of the coil as well as the effects of quality on these crucial parts. Cheap coils will typically produce equivalent results while quality ones will do the same. To the benefit of the patron though, the wide variety in available choices here is always a plus.
 Whether you run a dripper or a tank, a regulated variable voltage/variable wattage device is a valuable addition to every vaper's arsenal. These devices give users the ability to adjust the wattage in order to tailor the heat and vapor output of the unit to their preference. Additionally, regulated devices eliminate voltage drop which plagues mechanical units.
 The Chain Reaction is a 50 Watt 26650 regulated device made by Amigo Itsuwa which features a durable yet sleek design. The attractive styling boasts a durable carbon fiber battery tube cover which compliments the stainless steel components and protects the copper battery tube and red bronze contacts. The OLED display is easy to read, and the software is intuitive.
 The device operates in the manner that all experienced vapers have come to expect: utilizing a power button which doubles as an on/off switch and two buttons for wattage adjustment from 7 to 50 Watts. The buttons offer satisfying tactile feedback and are of durable proven design. Disassembly of the unit is achieved by first unscrewing the bottom cap and removing the battery. The carbon fiber covered copper tube can then be unscrewed from the rest of the device, although this would be unnecessary for any purpose other than deep cleaning of the unit.
 Although the device will fire as low as 0.3 Ohms, the sweet spot for this device is between 0.5 and 0.8 Ohms for RDA's and will handle any sub Ohm tank currently on the market utilizing coils in the correct range. The Chain Reaction features an overload protection circuit and will also measure the resistance of the build placed on the sturdy non-adjustable 510 connection preventing any shorts or undue stress to the battery. The sensible range, combined with the 26650 battery, provides an all-day vape which will satisfy even the most habitual vaper's.
 The 26650 powered regulated devices offer the experienced vaper a sensible go-to device which will meet the needs of these advanced users. In the hands of an experienced user, these devices are safe and reliable when compared to the outdated technology previously available. As always, battery safety should be of paramount concern to any ambassador of the vape community in order to project a positive image of our hobby.
 - Key Differences Between Internal and External Battery MODs
 Key Differences Between Internal and External Battery MODs
 MODs have become all the rage and are used by millions of vapers as the next level in the world of vaping. These devices are available in different brands and they use different types of batteries. A MOD is the modification of the device that allows increased or decreased vapor production, battery life, and voltage usage. The main drive of battery operated MODs are to provide heat to the liquid solution, which comprises of vegetable & propylene glycol and nicotine. These devices are offered with diverse battery types and functions.
 Types of Internal and External Batteries
 The primary differences between internal and external batteries are internal batteries are built into devices and external batteries are removable. Internal battery type, lithium polymer, also know also known as LiPo is permanently installed in a MOD and isn't removable. The device must be thrown away when its natural life usage has expired. To recharge the battery, the vaper is advised to use a computer's USB port that provides additional safety features compared to a wall socket.
 External battery MODs are replaceable and available in Lithium IMR or Lithium Manganese (Li-Mn), IMR/Hybrid, and ICR Lithium Ion (Li-Ion). Lithium IMR is considered the safest


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Proton beam writing
This article does not cite any sources. (January 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Proton beam writing (or p-beam writing) is a direct-write lithography process that uses a focused beam of high energy (MeV) protons to pattern resist material at nanodimensions. The process, although similar in many ways to direct writing using electrons, nevertheless offers some interesting and unique advantages.
Protons, which are approximately 1800 times more massive than electrons, have deeper penetration in materials and travel in an almost straight path. This feature allows the fabrication of three-dimensional, high aspect ratio structures with vertical, smooth sidewalls and low line-edge roughness. Calculations have also indicated that p-beam writing exhibits minimal proximity effects (unwanted exposure due to secondary electrons), since the secondary electrons induced in proton/electron collisions have low energy. A further advantage stems from the ability of protons to displace atoms while traversing material, thereby increasing localized damage especially at the end of range. P-beam writing produces resistive patterns at depth in silicon, allowing patterning of selective regions with different optical properties as well as the removal of undamaged regions via electrochemical etching.
The primary mechanisms for producing structures in resist materials is, in general, bond scissioning in positive resists such as PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate), or cross-linking in negative resists such as SU-8. In positive resists the regions damaged by protons are removed by chemical development to produce structures, whereas in negative resists the development procedures remove the undamaged resist leaving the cross-linked structures behind. In e-beam writing, the primary and secondary electrons create the scissioning or cross-linking, whereas in p-beam writing the damage is caused by short range proton-induced secondary electrons. The proton fluence required for exposure varies from 30-150 nCmm−2 depending on the resist material, and is around 80-100 times less than that required by e-beam writing. Remark: The unit of the fluence in proton beam writing is usually given in "charge/area". It can be converted into "particles/area" by dividing "charge/area" by the charge of a proton, Q = 1,602·10−19C.
P-beam writing is a new technology of great potential, and both current experimental data and theoretical predictions indicate that sub-10 nm 3D structuring is feasible. However, the lack of a user friendly commercial instrument with a small footprint is currently holding back the potentially wide range of application fields in which p-beam writing could make a substantial impact. Hopefully, this will be addressed in the near future.


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Dating Back to the 5th Century
While the public use of bells dates back to the middle ages, the first recorded use of church bells is often attributed to Paulinus, the bishop of Nola in Campania, Italy, around the 5th century. Historical writings document the appearance of church bells throughout Europe over the course of the next several centuries.
Some of the oldest church bells still in existence are located in and around Europe, including the Bell of St. Patrick in Belfast, Ireland. The earliest bells tend to be square, and constructed of hammered iron plates riveted together. Early church bells were much smaller than bells cast in more recent years. For example, a bell made for the church at Orleans, France in the 11th century was considered large at a weight of 2,600 lbs. By the late 19th century, much larger church bells were being commissioned, such as the 15-ton bell cast for Saint Francis de Sales in Cincinnati, Ohio.
Traveling Bell Foundries
The first church bell foundries were located in monasteries. Eventually a professional business emerged in Europe, and the construction process was perfected and refined. As records indicate the purchase of church bells in areas where no foundries were located, it is believed that many early bell artisans traveled the country, setting up temporary foundries as needed. Learn more about Verdin's unique Bell Foundry on Wheels.
The impact of church bells throughout history extends from their community and religious use to the influence they have on church architecture. Some of the most beautiful towers in the world were constructed to house church bells.


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Baths of Agrippa
The Baths of Agrippa (Thermae Agrippae) were a structure of ancient Rome, built by Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, the first of the great thermae constructed in the city. In their first form, constructed at the same time as the Pantheon and on axis with it, as a balaneion (βαλανεῖον), they were apparently a hot-air bath with a cold plunge, not unlike a sauna. With the completion of the Aqua Virgo, the aqueduct completed by Agrippa in 19 BC, the baths were supplied with water and became regular thermae, with a large ornamental pool (Stagnum Agrippae) attached. Agrippa furnished his baths with decorations that may have been executed in glazed tiles and with works of art: the Apoxyomenos of Lysippus stood outside. He left the baths to the citizens of Rome at his death, 12 BC.
The Baths of Agrippa were damaged by fire in AD 80 (Cassius Dio, lxvi.24), but were restored and enlarged; they were thronged in the times of Martial, and enlarged under Hadrian and later emperors. Sidonius Apollonaris mentions that the Baths of Agrippa were still being used in the fifth century.
In the seventh century the structure (no longer in use) was being mined for its building materials, but much of the Baths were still standing in the sixteenth century, when the ruins were drawn by Baldassare Peruzzi and Andrea Palladio, among others.
See also
- (LacusCurtius website) Samuel Ball Platner, A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome (London: Oxford University Press) 1929. See also note by William Thayer.
|This article about an Italian building or structure is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|
|This article about an Ancient Roman building or structure is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|


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Scheduling Custom Django Management Commands
Last updated October 18, 2021
Create a custom management command
Create the Python file
Custom Django management commands are nested within a Django project's apps. For this tutorial, if the Django project contains more than one app, decide which app the custom management command will most closely relate to, and use that app to follow the steps below.
A Django project contains one or more apps. In this tutorial, you'll be working within one of the apps and not the overall Django project.
The Python file that contains the code for the custom command is nested inside several directories:
- At the root level of the Django app, create a directory called
commandscreate a file named something similar to
print_book_titles.py. Stylistically, the name you choose for this file should reference the outcome of the task when it runs.
At this stage, the app's file tree will look similar to this:
Django automatically maps the name of the command file to the command that is run in the CLI (
python manage.py print_book_titles)
Code the command's logic
The following code snippet is for a short custom management command. View the Django documentation on Writing custom django-admin commands for guidance on more complex needs.
from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand, CommandError
from some_app.models import Book
help = 'Prints all book titles in the database'
books = Book.objects.all()
for book in books:
self.stdout.write(self.style.ERROR('Field "title" does not exist.'))
self.stdout.write(self.style.SUCCESS('Successfully printed all Book titles'))
return statement at the end of each logical flow of the
handle() function so Heroku Scheduler knows when it can shut down. This ensures you are only charged for dyno time that is needed to run the job.
Verify the command works as expected
Ensure the command works by running it in a one-off dyno:
- From the CLI, run
heroku run bash -a your-app-name
- Navigate to the directory containing
python manage.py
Setup Heroku Scheduler
Provision the Add-on
Schedule the job
Open the Heroku Scheduler tool by following the steps in Heroku Scheduler - Scheduling Jobs. When prompted, enter
python manage.py as the command to run.
manage.py file is not at the root level of the Heroku app's git repo, the command that is run within Heroku Scheduler will need to first navigate to the directory that contains the
manage.py file. The command would look something like
cd my-project && python manage.py .


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definition 1: a distinct, novel idea that has been arrived at through consideration.
example: The company was looking for an exciting concept that would increase sales of its cars.
example: The Earth being round was a novel concept to many in the fifteenth century.
definition 2: a personal or generally-held way of conceiving something; idea; notion.
example: Your concept of a good marriage is not the same as mine.
example: The child had heard the word "loyalty," but she didn't really understand the concept.
See full entry


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When Facebook recently made a significant change to the EdgeRank algorithm that increased the importance of Negative Feedback, we spent time to better understand how it's impacting Pages.
With the launch of our Negative Feedback Analysis feature, we revealed a new metric: Severity Score. There are a variety of different types of Negative Feedback, each type differs in severity. The score weights these types of Negative Feedback to give perspective into how bad the feedback really was.
We believe that the severity of Negative Feedback is as follows:
xbutton > hide > hide all > spam > unlike
We have weighted the Negative Feedback and divided against Total Unique Impressions to give relativity for the number of people who saw it.
Facebook recently made a significant change to the EdgeRank algorithm that increased the importance of Negative Feedback. As a result, understanding Negative Feedback is now an integral component for optimizing EdgeRank, and keeping at bay any negative impact on your content is more important than ever.
Negative Feedback Analyzer enables marketers to quickly understand how Negative Feedback impacts their content, and offers insight on how to avoid future Negative Feedback.
We built Negative Feedback Analyzer to answer a few
- How much Negative Feedback does my content typically receive?
- What is the normal amount of Negative Feedback that Pages in my industry receive?
- How many fans are now unreachable because of prior Negative Feedback?
- How is Paid Media influencing Negative Feedback for my content?
- Which topics are creating Negative Feedback?
- What specific content is receiving Negative Feedback?
- Of the different types of Negative Feedback, what is the severity of my Negative Feedback?
How To Use Negative Feedback Analyzer
On September 20th, it was reported that Facebook made a significant change to EdgeRank. This change resulted in a loss of Organic Reach for a vast majority of Pages. The fallout of this change is still being analyzed and many pages are reporting changes in their optimal content types. EdgeRank Checker decided to look at the data to see if these changes made any impact on the dominance of photos on the news feed.
We're excited to announce our newest tool: Real-Time Monitor for Facebook Analytics! Facebook now updates post level analytics approximately every 5 minutes. We've built a dashboard to monitor the most important metrics, as they happen. This new tool is currently in Beta, which requires you to remain within the tool in order for us to collect the metrics every 5 minutes. We'll be expanding this functionality in the future.
- Monitor all active* posts for the Pages you Admin
- Filter by a variety of metrics: Total Impressions, Unique Impressions, Viral Impressions, Organic Impressions, Paid Impressions, Total Engagement, Clicks, Shares, Likes, Comments, & Virality
All filter options are able to be viewed as Change In Values or Total Values. Change In Values offers a unique perspective to see how your content is currently trending.
Keep an eye on all of your posts' Negative Feedback rating. If an individual post is receiving above average negative feedback, it's imperative to consider deleting the post to reduce potential damage to your average EdgeRank. Removing a Post before it receives substantial Negative Feedback helps your Page maintain the highest possible opportunity for high EdgeRank.
Social Media is renowned for having the potential for "Virality". We are now providing a never before seen real-time analysis of Viral Lift for your content. Examine how Organic, Viral, and Paid Impressions interact with your content to get a better understanding of Viral Lift.
Monitor recent posts' individual performance by examining Engagement, Impressions, Clicks, and Negative Feedback in real-time. This allows the brand manager to quickly identify how each individual post is performing as it happens.


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Determining Profiler Coverage
When you run the Profiler on a file, some code might not run, such as a block containing an if statement.
To determine how much of a file ran when you profiled it, run the Coverage Report:
 1. In the Command Window, type profile viewer.
 2. Profile a MATLAB® code file in the Profiler.
 For detailed instructions, see Profiling for Improving Performance.
 3. Ensure the Profiler is not currently profiling.
 The Profiler displays a Start Profiling button when the Profiler is not running. If the Profiler is running, then do one of the following:
 - Wait for it to stop profiling before proceeding to step 4.
 - Click Stop Profiling.
 The Stop Profiling button is available only when the Profiler is running.
 4. Use the Current Folder browser to navigate to the folder containing the file for which you ran the Profiler.
 5. On the Current Folder browser, click, and then select Reports > Coverage Report.
 The Profiler Coverage Report appears, providing a summary of coverage for the file you profiled. In the image that follows, the profiled file is lengthofline2.m.
 6. Click the Coverage link to see the Profile Detail Report for the file.
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The Knights Templar have origins in the Middle Ages as protectors of Christian pilgrims on their way to Jerusalem. Many legends have grown up around this mysterious group, including a connection to the Holy Grail. In the late 18th Century the Freemasons adopted some Knights Templar rites and symbols (some believe there is a connection between the two groups). This explains why Knights Templar symbols found in cemeteries relate to the Freemasons. The symbol here shows a Maltese cross surrounding a cross inside a crown.
The gravestone below shows three Freemason related symbols, from left to right: Freemason, Knights Templar, Shriners.
Photos: Gravestone of Samuel A. Bonesteel (_PHONE_), Fairmount Cemetery, Denver, Colorado


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Is there an easy way to create and Object and set properties in C# like you can in Javascript.
Example Javascript:
var obj = new Object;
obj.value = 123476;
obj.description = "this is my new object";
obj.mode = 1;
share|improve this question
Errm, do you mean creating an object in general or creating an actual System.Object and adding properties dynamically? – Yuck Jul 8 '11 at 14:29
add comment
4 Answers
up vote 12 down vote accepted
try c# anonymous classes
var obj = new {
 value = 123475,
 description = "this is my new object",
 mode = 1 };
there are lots of differences though...
_USER_ Kolupaev & _USER_ mentioned another approach with dynamic keyword
share|improve this answer
add comment
In case, it you want to create un-tyed object use ExpandoObject.
dynamic employee, manager;
employee = new ExpandoObject();
employee.Name = "John Smith";
employee.Age = 33;
manager = new ExpandoObject();
manager.Name = "Allison Brown";
manager.Age = 42;
manager.TeamSize = 10;
Your's other option is to use anonymous class, but this will work for you, only if you would use it in scope of method, since it can't be passed outside or as a parameter.
But, IMO, to take full advantage of C#, it's better to switch programming paradigm to strongly-typed, that is C# is designed for.
share|improve this answer
add comment
In C# you could do:
var obj = new SomeObject {
 value = 123476,
 description = "this is my new object",
 mode = 1
EDIT: Holding this here pending clarification from OP as I may have misunderstood his intentions.
share|improve this answer
add comment
The way to do this is you use C# 4.0 Dynamic types like Expando Object... see this topic:
How to create a class dynamically
share|improve this answer
add comment
Your Answer


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What is the Explanation of Maximum Duty Cycles for a Printer?
Some printers say they have a maximum duty cycle of 100,000 pages. And a recommended monthly duty cycle of 2000- 5000 pages per month. Why the difference? And what does the maximum duty cycle mean for laser printers when one is made by HP and the other by Lexmark or Kyocera Mita?
 - slide 1 of 5
 Maximum duty cyclesand different printers
 LexmarkLexmark T650n stock photo has printers rated for maximum monthly cycles of 200,000 pagesbut they recommend the monthly page volume for those printers actually be in the range of 3000-20,000 pages. (T650n MSRP $749.) HP has printers with monthly duty cycles of 225,000 pages, and their recommended print volume is 3000-1500 pages. (HP LaserJet P4015n printer, MSRP $1199.)
 - slide 2 of 5
 So what is a maximum duty cycle, anyhow?
 Obviously, the maximum monthly cycle is not a number that really affects how many pages you should expect to print a month. Some speculation in different articles and forum postings on the Internet suggest that the maximum monthly cycle may be related to how many pages you could expect to print in a month without causing it to malfunction or damaging it permanently.
 Most of the practical information on the Internet said that, because the duty cycle in printers varied so much between manufacturers, and because each company's maximum numbers differed from their recommended numbers, it was of very limited utility in deciding whether to buy a printer.
 Don't, however, buy a printer with a maximum duty cycle of 2000 pages a month, and routinely print 5000. The printer is not meant to stand up to such high use. Parts will wear out far sooner that their expected lifetime and may cost you a great deal more in service calls.
 - slide 3 of 5
 What can you learn from the maximum duty cycle?
 To get a measure of use out of what the maximum duty cycle means for laser printers, do some approximations based on your normal volume of printing. If the recommended monthly average is from 3000 – 20,000 pages, divide the highest number by two. If you print more than 10000 black and white pages a month, you should consider getting a printer rated for a higher recommended duty cycle. If you are printing in color, remember that your print head is going across each page four timesand divide the maximum recommended number by four. If you are going to be printing more than 5000 pages in color a month, or a combination of color and black and white that is approaching the maximum recommended number, you should think about getting a printer rated for a higher maximum duty cycle. And remember, if you are doing duplex printing, you should multiply those sheet numbers by two.
 - slide 4 of 5
 What you should consider before buying a laser printer
 More importantly, for choosing the best printer for your needs, look at the supplies. If you are printing 5000 pages a mHP LJ cm2320 mfc stock Photo onth, and your printer has a 250 sheet paper tray, you are going to be putting new paper into the printer practically every work day. If your toner cartridge is rated for 2000 pages, you are going to replace that two to three times a month as well. Those toner cartridges are expensive. That personal sized laser printer is probably going to need its fusor changed a lot more often than the Lexmark T650n's standard 300000 pages too.
 Look for a printer where you can get a high yield printer cartridge that will last you a couple months, minimum. And get a printer that has the ability to add on paper trays until you can pack a week's worth of paper into the printer at a time. For your 5000 pages of printing, try to get trays that add up to at least 1000 sheets and a toner cartridge that gives you 20000 average copies.
 Find out what parts need to be replaced on the printer throughout its lifetime. There are drums, fusers, and rollers, filters, and sometimes developer, depending on the printer. Check fuser prices and the number of pages you can print before you need to replace the fuser unit. Remember, replacing the fuser can often cost half the price of buying the printer. However, the printer is a plastic box with trays, a few gears, memory, and the interface to the printer, without the fuser. When you replace the fuser, there is no reason why you will not get another 300000 pages of printing.
 - slide 5 of 5
 How to pick a printer
 HP Laser Jet p1505n image In conclusion, while knowing what the maximum duty cycle of a printer is can be a shortcut to eliminating certain printers from your searchor a pointer to go to a more powerful printerthe numbers themselves are not all that important. Look at what you need your printer to do and pick some models that look like they can handle the volume of printing you need. Then look at all the other variables of things you need to buy besides the printer itself, to give yourself the total cost of ownership for each one. Then you can make an informed decision that will suit your needs without being a money pit.
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Moving Alps with Mountain Leaders
Find your guide!
Where to find my mountain leader :
Access to the list filtered by country
What is a Mountain Leader?
The mountain leader is a graduate professional who leads a group (or alone) in the mountains. Unlike the mountain guide, the mountain leader evolves outside the techniques and tools specific to mountaineering. His field of intervention is the discovery of the mountain with different supports of progression. The mountain guide is a naturalist generalist and is primarily discovering the natural mountain environments, heritage and human.
Mountain leaders are organizers and hikers.
The professional activity covers three specific, identifiable but complementary functions: the guiding and management functions of the security of the practitioners; an educative and pedagogic action is also important and underlying in all of their activities (improvement of the physical and technical capacities of the practitioners); mediation for the discovery of the mountain environment in all its aspects (natural, heritage, human). Mediation and interpretation have for object the discovery, the understanding and the appropriation of the mountain environment.
To exercise this mediation action, the mountain guides have the choice between several supports: hiking, snowshoeing and, for some professionals, pack animals, mountain biking (additional qualification) or canyoning (AQA unique to this day issued in 1995).
Why touring in the Alps with a Mountain leader?
It's amazing! With a good knowing of his territory, he will be able to make you enjoy your time in an alp area in security. If you want to learn more about a specific topic, you will find a specialist for your tour.
Contact us and update information
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How to Tell the Age of a Palm Tree
Hunker may earn compensation through affiliate links in this story.
Some trees are carbon-dated to determine their ages. This dating method works well for trees that live in climates without great weather fluctuations. If the carbon in the middle of the tree remains in the same area from early growth to maturity, then this dating method can be valid. However, as points out, trees such as palms "do not have a single definable area of their trunk that dates to the tree's early years."
Ask a park ranger about a palm tree in a national park to learn its history.
The general rule for telling the age of a tree is to count the rings on its trunk. However, this rule doesn't work for the palm tree. Indeed, the lack of easily identifiable markings on its trunk makes the palm a challenging tree to date. The best way to determine a palm tree's age is to investigate its history. The life spans of palms are dependent on the type of palm. For example, green thatch palm's life span is about 150 years while an oil palm's life span is only about 25.
Step 1
Research the history of the palm tree you want to date. This is easier if the palm tree is on a protected site, such as a national park. A park ranger or a horticulturalist on site may be able to help you identify how old the palm tree is.
Step 2
Look up the species of the tree using resources at the library to get a general sense of the lifespan of the palm tree.
Step 3
Determine if the tree has gone through a radiocarbon dating process. A national park service representative might be able to tell you if this information is available. Radiocarbon dating is a scientific process that measures the tree's growth rate by analyzing it with chemicals. This is a contested method--and one that's used sometimes for dating palm trees--because it takes the tree's growth rate over a certain time span and infers this rate for the lifespan of the plant. This method, however, doesn't take into account factors that can inhibit growth at any given time, such as climate or disease.
Vera Leigh


Software › visualization
10x Genomics
Chromium Single Cell Gene Expression
What is Loupe Browser?
Loupe Browser is a desktop application that provides interactive visualization functionality to analyze data from different 10x Genomics solutions. Loupe Browser allows you to easily interrogate different views of your 10x data to quickly gain insights into the underlying biology. Loupe is named for a jeweler's loupe, which is used to magnify and inspect the details of precious gemstones.
Loupe Browser supports the analysis of the following types of data:
Chromium Platform
Visium Platform
To use Loupe Browser, open any.cloupe file generated by the Cell Ranger analysis software. The Cell Ranger.cloupe file is embedded with the following information:
Once your data is in Loupe Browser, you can rapidly explore and gain insights from the data without the need to do any programming.
Loupe Browser Single Cell Gene Expression Tutorials
Loupe Browser provides many powerful analysis capabilities. To learn how to use Loupe Browser to analyze your gene expression data, review the following tutorials.
Loupe Browser is built to accelerate the following applications:
To walk through the features and uses of Loupe Browser, start the tutorial.


Query stub information in Docker images and containers
After you build a Docker image, you can query that image to see stub information such as the stub name, its ID, and its exposed port. In addition, after the image is running as a container, you can query the container to retrieve information as to what stubs are running within it.
Docker images
The Docker images that are built from a Dockerfile and build context files that are published from HCL OneTest™ API contain a file that is named stubs.info with basic information for the stubs that are included. To view the file contents within the image, use this Docker command:
docker run --entrypoint cat stubimage /stubs.info
where stubimage is the name(tag) for the stub image. An example of the output follows:
NAME ID EXPOSED_PORT
myStub 1f8b3e1a:150a97ea022:-7cdb 8081
Docker containers
To query stub information when the image is running as a container, from the docker host, you can use the curl command:
curl http://:7820
where is the IP address of the container, not the host. To get the IP address of the container, use this Docker command:
docker inspect -- format '{{.NetworkSettings.IPAddress}}'
The port 7820 is used by default. If you want to, you can override this port assignment when you run the container by specifying an environment variable named STUB_INFO_PORT. For example, add the -e option with this environment variable to the docker run command:
The output of the query is text in JSON format. An example of output follows:
 "stubs": [
 "id": "1f8b3e1a:150a97ea022:-7cdb",
 "name": "myStub",
 "activities": [
 "exposedPort": "8081",
 "rule": "Path: /test AND Port: 80 AND Method: POST AND (Host: _URL_ OR Host: OR (source host= AND (Host: localhost OR Host: OR Host: 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1)))"
 "started": "true"


text:
VINS celebrates 40 years of conservation
By Christian Avard
Staff Writer | December 02,2012
Vyto Starinskas / Staff Photo
A red tail hawk flies out of employee Katie Christman's hands during a raptor environmental educational demonstration at the Vermont Institute of Natural Sciences on Friday.
QUECHEE — An Upper Valley landmark known for conservation efforts marked a major milestone this fall.
The Vermont Institute for Natural Sciences in Quechee celebrated 40 years of successful wildlife preservation and environmental education programs. VINS is a renowned environmental organization and its work has impacted the local community, the state and beyond. VINS' success can be traced back to its origins when local residents took action to protect local habitat from industrial pollution.
The Ottauquechee River is a critical water source for the Upper Valley. It starts high up in the Green Mountains and meanders east until it joins the Connecticut River.
The Ottauquechee was heavily polluted in the early 1970s, when mills were dumping waste upstream. A group of Woodstock citizens got together, cleaned up the river and stopped the mills from causing further harm.
"So that was the start," VINS President John Dolan said. "They became successful pretty quickly. So then they thought 'OK, what do we do now?'"
VINS began as an organization in 1972 and operated out of a Woodstock storefront. They moved into a old farm building on Church Hill Road in Woodstock in the late 1970s and began new programs.
VINS conducted ornithological research and the rehabilitation of avian wildlife. The work was prompted by VINS co-founders Sally and David Laughlin, Richard Farrar, June McKnight and Jenepher Lingelbach, Dolan said.
"The staff initially took in injured raptors because nobody else knew where to bring them," Dolan said. "(Sally) took care of injured birds in her backyard and had a number of enclosures with injured owls, hawks and falcons that were brought to her for treatment. It really evolved into a professional rehabilitation operation."
As VINS settled in, a new program was established, Environmental Learning for the Future, an award-winning environmental education program for elementary-age children.
ELF is designed to give children an understanding of and appreciation for the natural world and increase scientific and environmental literacy. The ELF curriculum includes a textbook called "Hands On Nature" and is used throughout New England schools.
As VINS grew in the 1990s, so did its programs, and a new facility was needed. VINS moved to a new location near the Quechee Gorge in 2004 and built a new nature center that includes a rehabilitation and release center, exhibits, nature trails and more.
VINS established an in-house ornithological research group that studied native birds of Vermont. According to Dolan, the group was instrumental in removing the Bicknell's Thrush, a songbird, and the Vermont Loon from the endangered species list.
"The nature center was a significant development for VINS. It became a destination, it drew a lot of people from across the country and raised our profile," Dolan said.
The final and perhaps the most influential contribution to VINS' success is the support from volunteers, donors, researchers and conservationists who shared a concern for wildlife and local habitat.
"A lot of what you see at the center comes from tens of thousands of volunteers that helped us out over the last 40 years," Dolan said. "I've been with VINS for six years but I can see from where I sit the very rich legacy that staff, donors and volunteers left behind: a tremendous knowledge of natural sciences and reputation for quality programing in environmental education. VINS has always maintained high standards of quality in everything it's done."
To learn more, visit _URL_.


text: The case-cohort design is most useful in analyzing time to failure in a large cohort in which failure is rare. Covariate information is collected from all failures and a representative sample of censored observations. Sampling is done without respect to time or disease status, and, therefore, the design is more flexible than a nested case-control design. Despite the efficiency of the methods, case-cohort designs are not often used because of perceived analytic complexity. In this article, we illustrate computation of a simple variance estimator and discuss model fitting techniques in SAS. Three different weighting methods are considered. Model fitting is demonstrated in an occupational exposure study of nickel refinery workers. The design is compared to a nested case-control design with respect to analysis and efficiency in a small simulation. In this example, case-cohort sampling from the full cohort was more efficient than using a comparable nested case-control design.


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15 million LEGO components are made every year. Have you ever wondered how they are made? Business Week takes a look at the production process of how classic LEGO bricks are produced. LEGO has been named Toy of the Century twice and their popularity has been cemented ever since they were introduced back in 1958. Check out how they start from granulated acrylitrile butadine styrene, a type of shiny plastic and finished off as minted bricks. The production of LEGO bricks are extremely accurate where only 18 out of 1 million LEGO elements are considered defective.
Link: Business Week


How To Read a Load Chart
Each crane has a load chart that, in short, specifies the crane's capabilities — detailing its features and how its lift capacity varies when considering distance and angle. Just like the old saying if you fail to plan, you plan to fail,' failing to consult a crane load chart before renting or employing a crane for a specific job could leave you with too much or too little capacity for your job.
Before a crane is rented, transported, employed or purchased, the crane chart must be consulted. Everyone, from the crane operator, to the job supervisors, to even the sales guys have to know how to read a crane chart. Here's how.
To illustrate how to read a crane chart, we've chosen the chart for the Terex RT345XL, a rough terrain crane with a maximum lift capacity of 45 tons.
1. DIMENSIONS and WEIGHT — The chart shows the crane dimensions. It includes data for operation with the outriggers extended, transport weight, and steering dimensions. Knowledge of this information is especially critical if the crane will be working in a confined space, as the lifting capacity varies depending on whether the outriggers are extended. The transport weight (below) determines the trailer to be used, how to load the crane on the trailer, the route to take, and what permits are required to get it to the jobsite.
Along the top axis, the first number is the gross vehicle weight. In the other two columns, the arrows indicate the weight load for each axle depending on what additional accessories are loaded.
2. LIFT CAPACITY — This is where the magic happens. In the legend at the top of the chart, you can see these ratings apply when using 6.5 tons of counterweight, with the outriggers extended to 22 x 22.3 feet. Here, you'd graph out the specific lift the crane is needed for. The ft.' indicator on the left axis represents the radius, the distance from the center pin to the center of the load.
EXAMPLE: You need to lift a load of 15 tons (30,000 pounds) a distance of 25 feet. The distance is measured from the center pin of the crane to the center of the load. Once you determine the distance, look on that line for the largest capacity; that will indicate how many feet of boom must be extended. In this case, it is 45 feet.
It's important to note that the maximum capacity is always measured by the shortest lift, usually over the rear of the crane, and with the outriggers fully extended. While the Terex RT345 has a maximum capacity of 45 tons, lifts at any distance or height drops the maximum capacity dramatically.
3. LIFT RANGE — Just as important as lift capacity is lift range. For that, a range diagram is usually included in every chart which illustrates how much boom length is needed to pick up and lift a load both at a distance and at height.
EXAMPLE: You need to pick up a load at 25 feet and lift it to the top of a five-story, 65-foot building. Consulting the range diagram, 69 feet of boom is required to make the lift.
4. LIFT ANGLE — This chart illustrates the maximum lift if a luffing or fixed jib is used. Lifts with jib lengths of 32 and 49 feet (in addition to boom extension of 105 feet) are illustrated. With higher angles of lift, the maximum load capacity decreases. With a luffing jib, the angle can be automatically adjusted from the operators cab. With a fixed jib, of course, the angle is fixed.
5. CRANE IN MOTION — This illustrates the lift capacity for a pick and carry. Here, the chart illustrates the total weight able to be picked up at a 360-degree angle while stationary on wheels, the total weight being able to be supported both while slowly rolling with the load at a zero degree angle (creep), and the total weight able to be supported while moving at 2.5 miles per hour. The column to the left again indicates the radius of the lift, the one to the far right, the maximum boom length each weight can be carried at.


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This project provides a multi-mission operations and planning software framework. Apogy uses Eclipse Modeling Framework models to define the systems being controlled, the environment in which these systems are operated, the operations being carried out and the corresponding data produced during operations.
Integrating a rover in Apogy is as simple as creating an EMF model that represent its interface and telemetry) and defined its topology (i.e. how the physical components are attached together and how the degrees-of-freedom are mapped to the telemetry). Once these two steps are completed, one can visualize the rover in 3D in its environment (showing cameras field of view in 3D, using the generic 3D tools to measure distance, record trajectory, measure sun angle, etc), create commands and display telemetry (camera views with overlays, filters and tools, recording and playback of data, etc) without having to write a single line of code! This means that the operator can already start configuring his/her control station, even if there is no real rover to command at that point. Implementing the necessary interface between the generated EMF classes and the hardware (which is usually straightforward) is all that remain to complete the integration and benefit from the many tools already available in Apogy


text: It is well known that there is a spectrum of pores in a soil profile. The conventional use of a single lumped value of soil hydraulic conductivity to describe a spectrum of hydraulically active pores may have unintentionally impeded the development of field-scale chemical transport theory and perhaps indirectly hindered the development of management protocols for chemical application and waste disposal. In this study, three sets of four field-scale tracer mass flux breakthrough patterns measured under transient unsaturated flow conditions were used to evaluate the validity of an indirect method to quantify equivalent pore spectra of macropore-type preferential flow pathways. Results indicated that there were distinct trends in how pore spectra of macropore-type preferential flow pathways changed when a soil profile became wetter during a precipitation event. This suggests that the indirect method has predictive value and is perhaps a better alternative to the lumped soil hydraulic conductivity approach in accurately determining the impact of macropore-type preferential flow pathways on water movement and solute transport under transient unsaturated flow conditions.


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NASA Plans Air Pollution Flights Over Maryland on July 2
WASHINGTON -- NASA's DISCOVER-AQ air quality field campaign is scheduled to take to the skies over the Baltimore-Washington traffic corridor on Saturday, July 2, from 10:30 a.m. to 6:30 p.m. EDT. The flight is part of a mission to enhance the capability of satellites to measure ground-level air quality from space.
NASA's P-3B research aircraft will fly at low altitudes over the northeast Maryland study region. The P-3B is a large, 117-foot, four-engine turboprop, carrying nine scientific instruments. It will fly as low as 1,000 feet above the ground along a route that will take it over major roadway traffic corridors. The P-3B also will make spiral ascents and descents over six locations where air-quality measurements are being made from ground stations.
Approximately 14 DISCOVER-AQ flights are planned through July when weather conditions are appropriate. NASA will announce each flight by 5 p.m. the day before the aircraft is scheduled to fly. The flights will occur between 6 a.m. and 8 p.m.
DISCOVER-AQ, which stands for Deriving Information on Surface conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality, is a NASA Earth Science Division research effort conducted in collaboration with the Maryland Department of the Environment, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and several universities.
A detailed map of the P-3B's low-altitude flight path is available at: _URL_
For more information about the DISCOVER-AQ mission, visit: _URL_
Goddard Release No. 11-039-C
NASA Headquarters, Washington, D.C.


Artist picture of Pachya
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PachYa is a Polish singer/songwriter with a universal appeal. Together with German producer Nomagy, she creates irresistible pop music with a positive social message, aiming to unite a fracturing world through the power of music. PachYa's musical journey began when she was only six years old. The ambitious young child was drawn to the piano, which led to her attending the Music School in Bialogard. Equally passionate about singing, she always had a microphone in her hand. After leaving school, she began to explore the worlds of EDM, Pop, Dance, and House music. As a member of many different groups across Europe, she developed a unique hybrid style, appealing to people of many different cultures. Returning to her homeland, PachYa felt distraught about the state of the UK, and the world in general. She poured her emotions into the release of a new single, called "Rebuild This Land". Sung in Polish, Italian, and English, and the song was an immediate hit. The song is the perfect summary of PachYa's personal motto: "My nationality is a human child. My country is the world.


stampede Balochi Meaning
Brahui Dictionary
English to Brahui Dictionary
ھِیرَمبو/تَرَہ کَنِنگ
English definition for stampede
1. n. a headlong rush of people on a common impulse
2. n. a wild headlong rush of frightened animals (horses or cattle)
3. v. run away in a stampede
4. v. cause to run in panic
5. v. act, usually en masse, hurriedly or on an impulse
6. v. cause a group or mass of people to act on an impulse or hurriedly and impulsively
All in One
A stampede is uncontrolled concerted running as an act of mass impulse among herd animals or a crowd of people in which the group collectively begins running, often in an attempt to escape a perceived threat.
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Meaning for stampede found in 6 Languages.
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7.6. Column
Column is a data store object or an index object for fast search.
A column belongs to a table. Table has zero or more columns.
Both data store column and index column have type. Type of data store column specifies data range. In other words, it is "value type". Type of index column specifies set of documents to be indexed. A set of documents is a table in Groonga. In other words, type of index column must be a table.
Here are data store columns:
Here is an index column:


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Sinking lake levels have exposed some of Hill County's hidden secrets.
Fossils and Native American tools from eight thousand years ago are easy to find at Lake Whitney, and looters are taking advantage.
They used to be buried in underwater caverns, but the drought has evaporated that protection.
"The looter and scavenger comes and digs up the site," said U.S. Army Corps Engineer Brad Demsey. "They just destroy all that and leave it to the side."
Even in remote parts of Lake Whitney that were once buried under concrete for security, scavengers unearth and discard valuable history.
There are fossils and Native American tools from prehistoric times.
Texas and federal laws ban the removal of Native American artifacts from archaeological sites, but burial grounds have been disturbed.
It has been decades since the lake has been this low. Demsey said it has been 20 years since anyone has seen the caverns.
Authorities patrol Lake Whitney and have made 30 arrests. Violators were put on probation and fined thousands of dollars.
But, state and federal agents fear the only the thing that can truly protect the historic artifacts is enough rain to end a historic drought.


text:
Author(s): Abbas MI
Abstract Share this page
Abstract Knowledge of the solid angle (and consequently, the geometrical efficiency) is essential in all absolute measurements of the strengths of radioactive materials and to calibrate detectors. The method of high-efficiency gamma counting by means of well-type HPGe and NaI (Tl) detectors is widely used and has proved a powerful tool, particularly when low-activity, small-volume environmental samples are to be analyzed by gamma-ray spectrometry. In the present work, we introduce a direct analytical method for calculating the solid angle subtended by a well-type detector at axial point, non-axial point, extended circular disk and cylindrical sources. The validity of the derived analytical expressions was successfully confirmed by the comparisons with some published data (experimental and Monte Carlo).
This article was published in Appl Radiat Isot
and referenced in Journal of Physical Mathematics


text:
Silica Gel 100-200 mesh Fia grade
A gel is a solid jelly-like material that can have properties ranging from soft and weak to hard and tough. Gels are defined as a substantially dilute cross-linked system, which exhibits no flow when in the steady-state. By weight, gels are mostly liquid, yet they behave like solids due to a three-dimensional cross-linked network within the liquid. It is the crosslinking within the fluid that gives a gel its structure (hardness) and contributes to the adhesive stick (tack). In this way gels are a dispersion of molecules of a liquid within a solid in which the solid is the continuous phase and the liquid is the discontinuous phase. The word gel was coined by 19th-century Scottish chemist Thomas Graham by clipping from gelatin.


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Part of PowerPoint's charm is being able to give objects such as images, shapes, and text boxes animations, making your presentation more interactive and engaging. When animating text boxes, you can animate all the text in the box at once, or you can animate characters individually.
Animating Characters in PowerPoint
When you select a text box and give it an animation, PowerPoint treats the text box (and all contents inside) as a single object by default.
If you want to give each character a different type of animation, you'll have to highlight each character individually and then assign the animation to it. However, if you want all of the characters or words to have the same animation, and you just want to initiate or time the animation separately, there's an easier way.
RELATED: How to Control When a Picture Appears in PowerPoint
In your PowerPoint presentation, select the text and then choose the animation you want to assign. To do so, move over to the "Animations" tab and select your desired animation in the "Animation" group. In this example, we will use the "Fly In" option.
Next, head over to the "Advanced Animation" group and select "Animation Pane."
A pane will appear on the right-hand side. Find the animation effect assigned to the text box and double-click it.
A window will appear, giving you several advanced options for the animation. On the "Effect" tab, click the "Animate text" drop-down menu. Here, you can choose whether you want to animate by word or letter. Make your choice and then click "OK."
By letter
Now you'll see a preview of the animation take place. Notice that each character (or word) executes the animation individually. Repeat these steps as often as required for your presentation.
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Dilshad (Name) | Meaning of Dilshad | Origin of Dilshad at MFnames.com
A Dictionary of Names with Name Meanings and Name Origins
The Name Dilshad - Origin and Meaning of Dilshad
The Name Dilshad - Origin and Meaning of Dilshad
Masculine and Feminine
Origin of the Name Dilshad
Usage of the Name Dilshad
Meaning of the Name Dilshad
The name Dilshad means "happy, cheerful" in Persian.
Famous Bearers
Bearers of the name include Dilshad Khan (born 1945), an Indian male singer; Dilshad Said (born 1958), a Kurdish male musician, singer, and composer; Dilshad Vadsaria (born 1985), an American actress.
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List of names related to Dilshad.
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text:
New Detailed Understanding of the Mechanism of Radiation in Interconnect Problems
Electromagnetic radiations from parasitic structures such as electronic interconnections are very difficult to diagnose because the ability to identify the specific sources are missing. Mainly, the source of radiations cannot be identified separately. Here, the partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) method is extended to diagnose the radiation and its distribution. For the first time we identify the individual sources of radiation and the equivalence circuits for the sources. The proposed approach can be applied to find the radiation for electromagnetic interference (EMI) from a wide variety of structures.
Y. S. Cao et al., "New Detailed Understanding of the Mechanism of Radiation in Interconnect Problems," Proceedings of the 25th IEEE Conference on Electrical Performance of Electronic Packaging and Systems (2016, San Diego, CA), pp. 219-221, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Oct 2016.
The definitive version is available at _URL_
25th IEEE Conference on Electrical Performance of Electronic Packaging and Systems (2016: Oct. 23-26, San Diego, CA)
Electrical and Computer Engineering
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Laboratory
Keywords and Phrases
Electric Network Analysis; Electromagnetic Pulse; Electronics Packaging; Equivalent Circuits; Partial-Element Equivalent-Circuit Methods; Radiation; Integrated Circuit Modeling; Connectors; Integrated Circuit Interconnections; RLC Circuits; Electric Potential; Mathematical Model; Printed Circuit Interconnections; Electromagnetic Interference; EMI; Electromagnetic Radiations; Parasitic Structures; Electronic Interconnections; Partial Element Equivalent Circuit Method; PEEC Method
International Standard Book Number (ISBN)
International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)
Article - Conference proceedings
© 2016 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), All rights reserved.


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Create a Recursive Hierarchy Group (Report Builder and SSRS)
Applies To: SQL Server 2016
In Reporting Services paginated reports, a recursive hierarchy group organizes data from a single report dataset that includes multiple hierarchical levels, such as the report-to structure for manager-employee relationships in an organizational hierarchy.
Before you can organize data in a table as a recursive hierarchy group, you must have a single dataset that contains all the hierarchical data, You must have separate fields for the item to group and for the item to group by. For example, a dataset where you want to group employees recursively under their manager might contain a name, an employee name, an employee ID, and a manager ID.
In Design view, add a table, and drag the dataset fields to display. Typically, the field that you want to show as a hierarchy is in the first column.
Right-click anywhere in the table to select it. The Grouping pane displays the details group for the selected table. In the Row Groups pane, right-click Details, and then click Edit Group. The Group Properties dialog box opens.
In Group expressions, click Add. A new row appears in the grid.
In the Group on list, type or select the field to group.
In the Recursive Parent list, enter or select the field to group on.
Run the report. The report displays the recursive hierarchy group, although there is no indent to show the hierarchy
Click the text box that contains the field to which you want to add indent levels to display a hierarchy format. The properties for the text box appear in the Properties pane.
If you do not see the Properties pane, click Properties on the View tab.
In the Properties pane, expand the Padding node, click Left, and from the drop-down list, select .
In the Expression pane, type the following expression:
=CStr(2 + (Level()*10)) + "pt"
The Padding properties all require a string in the format nnyy, where nn is a number and yy is the unit of measure. The example expression builds a string that uses the Level function to increase the size of the padding based on recursion level. For example, a row that has a level of 1 would result in a padding of (2 + (1*10))=12pt, and a row that has a level of 3 would result in a padding of (2 + (3*10))=32pt. For information about the Level function, see Level.
Run the report. The report displays a hierarchical view of the grouped data.
Creating Recursive Hierarchy Groups (Report Builder and SSRS)
Filter, Group, and Sort Data (Report Builder and SSRS)
Aggregate Functions Reference (Report Builder and SSRS)
Tables (Report Builder and SSRS)
Matrices (Report Builder and SSRS)
Lists (Report Builder and SSRS)
Tables, Matrices, and Lists (Report Builder and SSRS)


Facebook PixelDo Individuals That Use Noradrenaline Blockers Retain Hair Colour?
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Do Individuals That Use Noradrenaline Blockers Retain Hair Colour?
Image credit: Adrian Fernández /Unsplash
Jamila Sep 08, 2020
Do individuals that use noradrenaline inhibitors retain hair color?
Zhang et al. found that stress stimulates the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release a rush of noradrenaline. The spike in noradrenaline causes a steep decline in the number of melanocyte stem cells, and this leads to the loss of hair colour.
In the same study, Zhang and colleagues found that a drug called guanethidine was able to prevent stress-induced hair greying in mice. Zhang suggests that the mice treated with guanethidine were able to maintain the melanocyte stem cell population and that's why they didn't lose their hair colour.
So what is guanethidine?
Guanethidine is a drug that blocks the release of noradrenaline from the nerve endings. It is an anti-hypertensive drug commonly used to treat high blood pressure as it can reduce the heart rate and can dilate the blood vessels.
Interestingly, noradrenaline inhibitors can be prescribed to individuals with anxiety, depression, and ADHD. Perhaps a study could be conducted to determine whether other noradrenaline inhibitors like atomoxetine, reboxetine, tandamine, etc. have the ability to retain hair colour. If so, this would be highly beneficial because most of these drugs are already licensed and would just need to be repurposed as a hair pigment therapy.
So do individuals that use noradrenaline inhibitors retain their hair colour?
[1]Zhang, Bing, et al. "Hyperactivation of sympathetic nerves drives depletion of melanocyte stem cells." Nature _PHONE_ (2020): 676-681.
[2]Woosley, Raymond L., and Alan S. Nies. "Guanethidine." New England Journal of Medicine 295.19 (1976): _PHONE_.
[3]Dell'Osso, Bernardo, et al. "The noradrenergic action in antidepressant treatments: pharmacological and clinical aspects." CNS neuroscience & therapeutics 17.6 (2011): 723-732.
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Grange in Borrowdale
Grange in Borrowdale
Grange is a lovely village at the head of Borrowdale, popular as a centre for walking and outdoor activities. Nearby is the natural feature known as the Bowder Stone, a huge boulder tipped up on one end.
Grange, more often called 'Grange in Borrowdale', is at the entrance to the 'Jaws of Borrowdale', where the valley narrows, bounded on either side by Castle Crag and Grange Fell. The village is entered over a picturesque double-arched bridge, built in 1675.
The origins of Grange go back to at least the early medieval period. In 1209 Alice de Rumelli sold estates here to the monks of Furness Abbey. The monks cleared the land and established an outlying farm, or grange, in the valley.
The monk's grange gave its name to the hamlet that grew up at the northern end of the valley. The monks harvested oats, barley, and rye, and produced charcoal, but their main focus was wool. They established trade routes, leading packhorses east and south over the surrounding fells.
Most of the picturesque cluster of cottages are built of grey local stone, but one building stands out from the rest for its whitewashed walls. This is the parish church, dedicated to the Holy Trinity and built in 1861 by Miss Margaret Heathcote so that villagers did not have to make the long trek up the valley to the parish church.
Miss Heathcote was notoriously hard to please, and went through 7 curates in just 11 years! There is also a small Methodist church, built nearby in 1878.
Though it seems small and remote, Grange has royal connections. In 1910 Princess Louise, sister of King Edward VII, wanted to create a suitable memorial to her brother on his death. She bought Grange Fell and erected a memorial stone to the king on top of the fell.
Princess Louise also officially presided at the opening ceremony for Brandlehow Wood. one of the first properties purchased by the National Trust. Another very local celebrity was author Hugh Walpole, who lived at Brackenburn, just a mile from Grange, between 1924 and 1941.
Like so much of the Lake District, Grange is a centre for walking. At almost any time of year the village is crammed with walkers, and in the summer it can be very difficult to drive through the narrow lanes through the village. Parking is very much a haphazard business, especially on sunny summer days.
But with those caveats, it's worth repeating just what a fantastically scenic area this is; the village is absurdly pretty, in an area that writer Alfred Wainwright called one of the prettiest square miles in Cumbria. And he's right.
Because the village is so popular as a walking centre there are a wide variety of bed and breakfasts and self-catering options, and the Lodore Hotel is just a short distance away on the main road from Keswick.


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- Product Overview
Herbs of Gold Tyrosine 1000 provides high strength tyrosine in a convenient tablet form. Tyrosine is an essential precursor for the synthesis of neurotransmitters, thyroid hormones and melanin, the pigment found in hair and skin.
- Healthy mood
- Healthy thyroid function
- Maintains alertness
- Tyrosine is a non-essential amino acid (synthesised from the essential amino acid phenylalanine) and is an essential precursor for a wide range of diverse and far-reaching biochemical reactions in the body.
- Tyrosine 1000 helps maintain healthy nervous system function, positive feelings of wellness and a healthy balanced mood.
- Tyrosine 1000 helps support neurotransmitter production for the regulation of a healthy mood and supports a normal, healthy stress response.
- Tyrosine 1000 helps maintain alertness and attention.
- Tyrosine is required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones, helping to maintain healthy thyroid function and normal metabolic rate.
- Tyrosine 1000 helps support normal melanin production, the pigment responsible for hair and skin colour, helping to maintain hair colour.
- Tyrosine 1000 provides antioxidant properties and assists in the maintenance of general wellbeing.
Adults – Take 1 tablet, once or twice daily, with food, or as directed by your healthcare practitioner.
Each tablet contains:
Tyrosine 1g Does not contain added egg, milk, peanut, corn, soy or tree nut products, yeast, gluten, lactose, artificial colourings, flavourings or preservatives.
Maximum Quantity Allowed per customer:


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Gas Exchange in Fish
Last updated 18 March 2013, created 16 September 2012, viewed 1,816
Good for Revision purposes and main class introduction.
Includes starter activity, an activity including pupils acting gas exchange in fish demonstrating both parallel flow and the benefits of counter current flow, and exam question activity involving the whole class participation. It makes exam question answering that little bit more fun :)