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How Flight Works: The Technical Perspective
How Flight transfers data to or from cloud object storage
Signiant Flight performs simple point-in-time mirroring, or one-way file synchronization. It can execute both uploads to the cloud (on-premises storage is the source, cloud object storage is the destination) and downloads from the cloud (cloud object storage is the source, on-premises storage is the destination).
The basic sync paradigm is that when a new file appears at the source, it is copied to the destination. If the file already exists at the destination (same name, size, and modified time/date), it is not transferred. If a different file with the same name exists at the destination, it will be overwritten with the source file.
Operationally, this means that when files are modified at the source, the destination files will be automatically updated when the transfer command is executed. Functionality is included for transferring individual files (which can be renamed upon transfer), multiple files, and an entire directory structure.
To provide maximum performance and flexibility, instances of the Flight server software are running in a number of different locations around the world for both AWS and Microsoft Azure. Maximum speed is achieved by ensuring that the Signiant cloud servers are located as close as possible to the customer's cloud storage tenancy.
It is important to note that transfer speed is optimized by using the Signiant SaaS Transfer Server instances closest to the cloud side of the transfer, not the on-premises side. The Signiant protocol will address any latency issues between on-premises storage and the cloud data center, so there's no need to minimize that network distance. The goal is to configure the Flight system so that data lands on a Signiant server in the same region as the cloud storage tenancy, making the final multi-stream HTTPS hop as short as possible.
The Flight utility
The Flight utility provides IT professionals with the ability to choose which cloud transfer server is used, allowing for trade-offs in system design. The domain name associated with the target Flight server (actually a set of load-balanced auto-scaling servers) is specified in the transfer command.
A list of server domains is available on the Signiant Support website, and for optimal performance the server domain in the same region as the target cloud storage should be specified — for example US West for Amazon. Additional domain names with less geographic specificity can be defined for use in the event that the primary servers aren't available.
For example, if the second server domain is set to US Amazon, servers elsewhere in the US will be used if US West is unavailable. There is also the option of using a global domain name, which via DNS will resolve using geolocation to the set of currently available servers closest to the client side of the transfer — thereby providing redundancy at the expense of transfer speed.
The ability to choose an optimal Flight server, combined with the fact that Signiant technology removes the problem of distance-related latency, provides customers with significant flexibility in the design of global cloud systems. For example, a customer in Latin America might choose to buy cloud storage located in the U.S. where it is much less expensive — and Flight will ensure that upload performance doesn't suffer. An American company might want to locate sensitive European customer data in a cloud data center that is within the EU, and again Flight will ensure that access times are not negatively impacted by this strategy.
The functionality noted above is all executed via CLI commands on the client side. Customers can have as many instances of client-side software deployed around the world as they wish, and each client can be separately configured for transfer details and server location. For a central view of their Flight deployment, customers have access to a web-based console as illustrated below. This console allows for configuration of system-wide elements such as storage accounts and keys, and provides detailed insight into utilization.
Flight's System Architecture
The core Signiant file movement protocol can transfer large data sets between the storage on the customer's network and the cloud up to 200x faster than mechanisms such as FTP or other TCP-based approaches. But in addition to acceleration, Flight also provides other cloud-specific features to increase the speed of data movement into and out of cloud object storage.
In order to achieve end-to-end accelerated transfers into cloud object storage, the data must be moved in two pipelined stages.
It is first transferred via the Signiant acceleration protocol from the on-premises location to a server in the cloud data center, and once in the cloud it is split apart and written to object storage via multiple parallel HTTPS streams. This two-stage transfer process must be carefully orchestrated in order to achieve maximum speed.
A full Flight deployment is shown in the system architecture diagram below.
The part of the architecture where the actual movement of the data occurs, via the pipelined mechanism as described above, can be referred to as the 'data plane' or 'data layer'. In the diagram below, the green section and the lower blue section constitute the data plane, where the data moves from the customer's on-premises storage into cloud object storage.
Signiant file transfer software is required at both ends to handle the data movement. Flight client-side software is installed by the customer on a server at the on-premises end of the transfer. This client software is CLI-controlled, and can be used either stand-alone or in conjunction with pre-built Upload and Download workflow components for Signiant's Manager+Agents.
At the cloud end of the transfer, in the center blue section of the diagram above, no customer involvement is needed — there's no software to deploy or VMs to procure and manage. A key part of Flight's differentiated value is the fact that the cloud compute resource and server-side software in the data plane are delivered by Signiant as a SaaS offering.
Flight customers are provided with access to Signiant's patented multi-tenant, cloud-native SaaS, which provides the data transfer in a highly available, load balanced, auto-scaling manner. At periods of peak utilization, more servers will automatically spin up to accommodate the extra load, spinning down again when traffic decreases. Throughput will never be reduced due to high customer traffic, and there is no extra charge for an increase in the number of transfer servers managing the data movement.
The blue section at the top of the diagram represents the last part of the Flight architecture, the functionality that orchestrates the entire system and can be referred to as the 'control plane' or 'control layer'. This, too, is a multi-tenant, cloud-native SaaS operated by Signiant on behalf of their customers. Via the Internet connections shown by the blue lines, this part of the system serves the web interface for the management console, coordinates the transfers themselves, and collects data for billing and tracking purposes.
In summary, a Flight deployment is a complex, distributed system — but most of the complexity is abstracted away from the customer by Signiant. Both the control plane SaaS and the data plane SaaS for Flight are fully-managed solutions where all the backend technical tasks such as load balancing, redundancy and failover, server management, and software upgrades are administered by Signiant.


Solidarity Trumps Fear: Cuba is a Model for Global Health in the 21st Century
Abstract / Resumen / Resumo
In the height of the COVID-19 pandemic Cuba offered its own health care workers to countries struggling to cope with enormous health care demands. While Cuba has a long-standing history of sending health workers to countries in the Americas, for the COVID-19 pandemic, Cuba offered its resources to affluent countries such as Italy and Spain. This article discusses how, and why, Cuba is so well positioned to offer medical cooperation to other countries in times of pandemics, and why it offers a compelling model of cooperation and solidarity in times of pandemics.


Beachworld FAQ
BEACHWORLD - Bio Spheres
Basic Instructions.
 1- You must give your biosphere natural or artificial light each day to allow the vital
processes to take place. Neon, flourescent lights, ordinary light bulbs or even better,
Bio Spheres - Beachworlds lamps (which can be purchased from either the us selling our products
or through Globus direct) are all okay to use. It is important to ensure the lights do not
make the spheres warm.
There is no scientific formula dictating the exact amount of light per day the Beachworlds
need to remain healthy. If your home is very dark, we suggest five to six hours artificial
light per day. If your home gets plenty of natural daylight then this is probably all the
Beachworld needs. It is important to remember that if the shrimps are very orange/red
and are resting on the coral, walking on the pebbles or swimming around slowly,
whatever you are doing is perfect!
 2- NEVER expose your biosphere to direct sunlight. Placing your biosphere on a
window sill is fine providing it does not get direct sunlight.
 3- For the first month, check your biosphere daily. Ensure your shrimps have an
orange/red hue and are calm. They should be resting on the pebbles or coral. If your
shrimps are almost transparent and are racing around the sphere, this probably indicates
that they are getting too much or too little light. To rectify this problem, place the
biosphere elsewhere within your home until you find the perfect place.
 4- If you have been using artificial light to maintain your Beachworld and are going
away for more than two days, either give it to a friend to care for or use a timer light.
 5- During the summer place your Beachworld in a controlled temperature area
between 13° and 27° C. In extreme conditions place your biosphere in a sink with water
to cool it down. You can also call GLOBUS Customer Service for advice on:
0039 0182 559 495.
 Do not:
 - Place your BW in direct sunlight
 - Shake your BW
 - Place your BW outside
 - Place your BW in a room where the temperature goes above 27° or below 13°.
Light Exposure
Bulb Distance
40 Watt 15 cm.
60 Watt 25 cm.
100 Watt 30 cm.
Neon Distance
Up to 30 Watt 40 cm.
More than 30 Watt 65 cm.
Sunlight Lamp GLOBUS
Distance between 5 and 10 cm.
 Our planet is a closed system in which living organisms thrive: a biosphere
where nothing enters or exists except sunlight. Your BW is a miniature biosphere,
encapsulating the fundamental workings of our own Earth.
 Inside your BW, shrimps are sustained in a marine environment. You do not
have to feed the shrimps or change their water. It's the perfect pet! Nothing enters or
leaves the container, such as food, air, water or waste. The only elements required are
light and heat. The light causes the micro algae to produce the oxygen and food for the
shrimps, which in turn produce carbon dioxide and nutrients for the algae to grow.
 The BW gives us the opportunity to bring the beach indoors! The BW was created
by a space station engineer and two of the original Biosphere2 crew members. The two
Biosphere2 researchers lived and worked for two years inside the large sealed ecosystem
in Arizona without leaving the structure. The glass and steel sealed building covers 3,15
acres and contains several different environments including a rain forrest, savanna,
desert, marsh and ocean. Columbia University manages Biosphere2, where scientists
research the global changes that take place.
 The creators of the BW have completed a ten day space experiment on the U.S. Shuttle
and twice have done a four month experiment on board the Russian Space Station MIR
with sealed closed ecosystems similar to that of the BW.
 The residents of your BW are shrimps that are found only on certain Pacific
Ocean's islands. These shrimps inhabit the inland pools that are found in lava rock. Deep
red layers of algae line the walls of these pools, along with other types of macro algae.
The shrimps does not eat the algae, but rather maintains it, eating the micro algae and
bacteria that grows on the layers of algae. They are literally the gardeners of their
environment, maintaining the balance within the pools, keeping them clean so that the
large algae can thrive.
 In your BW you can see the shrimps grazing and grooming themselves and even
carrying the odd piece of sand! If the shrimps are disturbed they tend to temporarily
loose their bright red colour in an attempt to blend in with their background. Once they
have settled they will return to their original state.
 Unlike their natural habitat, there are no predators in the BW, so the life span of the
shrimps can be extremely long - up to10 years. They usually do not produce offspring in
the BW as they like dark, secluded places in which to breed. The BW are too small to
sustain an increasing number of shrimps, therefore we do not provide a breeding place.
The BW is expected to live 3 years, but they have been known to live for as long as 12
 There is also algae in your BW, in order to help keep the water clean and provide
oxygen for the shrimps.
 Setting up your BeachWorld
 STEP 1: Take the BeachWorld immediately out of its box. Be sure that the
BeachWorld is positioned the right side up. Very gently vibrate your Beachworld to free
any shrimps that might be trapped under the sand during transportation.
 STEP 2: Inspect your BW after you have taken it out of the box. Your BW might
be a little cloudy for the first day or two. This will clear up.
 STEP 3: Place your BW in a location that receives enough light. Never allow
your BW to receive direct sunlight. The room temperature needs to be between 13° and
 STEP 4: Watch your BW closely during the first month to make sure it is in an
appropriate location. Lighting is the primary consideration as long as the temperature
remains within the ranges quoted in Step 3. The BW thrives in natural or fluorescent
light. If there is too much light, algae will grow prolifically on the glass (however the
shrimps will love it!). Whenever you change the location of your BW, check it every few
days for several weeks to make sure that the location is appropriate.
 STEP 5: Fill out your BW's registration card within 30 days and send it along
with proof of purchase to Globus Scientific at the address below.
On receipt of your registration card Globus will send you a guarantee/ replacement
voucher for use in the unlikely event that your Beachworld dies.
 Algae on the glass. A small amount of algae on the glass is good as indicates that
the BW is getting ample light. However, if it becomes unsightly place the BW in an area
that receives slightly less light. The algae often clears up within a few days to a couple of
weeks. If it is very stubborn and does not recede in its new location after couple of weeks
move it to a slightly darker location yet, or use the attached magnet to clean smoothly the
 Milky water. This is a sign of bacteria in the water. if this occurs put the BW in a
well lit location for several days until the water clears up (but not in the direct sunlight).
 Dead shrimps. Over several years the shrimps will die of natural causes. If you
see several dead shrimps within your BW sometime within the first week of your having
the BW this might indicate a problem during transportation. If a shrimp dies and the BW
is crystal clear, there is no algae on the glass or on any of the shells in the sand, then you
probably need to give the BW a little more light. Never shake the BW as this could harm
the shrimps, and even kill them.
Through the process of photosynthesis, the algae provides the shrimps with the oxygen
they need to live.
 Swimming skeletons. Inside the ecosystem you may find small transparent
objects (skeletons) that look like shrimps, but which move rather slowly and irregularly.
These are the discarded skins of the shrimps. The shrimps changing their skin is another
proof of the animals' good state of health.
In the unlikely event that the majority of the shrimps die within one year of the purchase
date, you can return the product to GLOBUS UK for a replacement on condition that it
had not been subjected to modification or misuse and that all the instructions regarding
the care of your Beachworld have been observed. You MUST send the Beachworld
guarantee card to validate your claim.
Your Beachworld will be replaced using the replacement voucher provided the customer
returns the


text:
M. A. Peshkin, A. C. Sanderson
The physics of motion of a sliding object can be used to plan sensorless robot manipulation strategies. Prediction of a sliding object's motion is difficult because the object's distribution of support on the surface, and the resulting frictional forces, are in general unknown. This paper describes a new approach to the analysis of sliding motion, which finds the set of object motions for all distributions of support. The analysis results in the definition of discrete regions of guaranteed sticking and slipping behavior which lend themselves to use in planning. Unlike previous work our approach produces quantitative bounds on the rate at which predicted motions can occur. To illustrate a manipulation plan which requires quantitative information for its construction, we consider a strategy based on "herding" a sliding disk toward a central goal by moving a robot finger in a decreasing spiral about the goal. The optimal spiral is constructed, and its performance discussed.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Like most grep tools, PowerGREP is primarily designed to work with plain text files. Unlike many grep tools, PowerGREP can convert many popular file formats into plain text for searching. The original software is not needed for any of these formats. You can search through Microsoft Word documents, for example, even if you don't have Word or Office installed.
- Plain text files. Such files include text documents, source code, HTML files, XML files, comma-delimited data files (CSV), SQL queries, etc. PowerGREP supports various text encodings (Windows code pages, ISO-8859, Unicode, ECBDIC, KOI8, etc.) and line break styles (DOS/Windows, UNIX/Linux, Mac).
- Binary files. These files are not human-readable without the proper software. With PowerGREP, you can search through binary files for text or hexadecimal data.
- Adobe Acrobat documents (PDF files)
- Microsoft Word documents (DOC and DOCX files)
- OpenOffice documents, spreadsheets, etc. (.odf and other files)
- Microsoft Write (WRI files)
- WordPerfect documents (WP files)
- XML Paper Specification (XPS and OXPS)
- Microsoft Excel spreadsheets (XLS and XLSX files)
- Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheets (.wks and.wk1 files)
- Quattro Pro spreadsheets (.wq1,.wq2 and.wkq files)
- Audio file meta tags (ID3, APE, FLAC, Vorbis, MP4, WAV, and WMA)
- Image file tags (EXIF in JPEG, TIFF, and PSD files)
- Rich Text Format (RTF files)
- HyperText Markup Language (HTML files)
- Microsoft Outlook email (PST, OST, and MSG files)
- MIME and UUencode email (MBOX and EML files)
- CorelDRAW meta data (CDR files)
- AceText collections (ATC files)
- Windows shell links (shortcuts stored as LNK files)
- HTML Help (CHM files)
- ZIP, 7-zip, RAR, and many other archives are handled transparently. PowerGREP treats them like folders, unless you disable the option to search through archives.
- IFilter support allows PowerGREP to search through any file that Windows Search can handle.
"The first thing I tried [after upgrading to PowerGREP 5] was a find-and-replace within an MS Word document. It worked perfectly in a Hebrew right-to-left document! For me this is the most dramatic, long-awaited achievement, allowing, at last, a decent find-and-replace feature to replace [MS Word's] nonsensical "wild card" built-in feature. Many thanks, again, for a fantastic, must-have product!"
— Motti Teicher
9 September 2016, Israel
"If the only thing I ever did with PowerGREP was grep help PDFs and CHMs, I'd find my PowerGREP license worth the cost. I'll put a folder full of hardlinks to every local resource I have and GREP it for answers—wonderful tool. PowerGREP makes me feel like I can do an SQL query on my personal, unorganized data, wherever it is, and actually find what I need."
— Clay Cundick
31 December 2016, Utah, USA

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


_USER_{Hottenrott2015Flying, abstract = {This paper studies the importance of the socialization environment - nest - for the career destinations of early career researchers. In a sample of research groups in the fields of science and engineering at universities in Germany, we identify research orientation, output, funding as well as openness to industry and commercialization as relevant components. Nests that attract more public funding and are led by professors with high research performance are more likely to produce researchers that take jobs in public research, while links to industry predict jobs in the private sector. In a more nuanced analysis that differs by type of industry employment we find that larger firms also recruit from groups with higher scientific performance, while SMEs recruit from nests with a higher patent productivity. A focus on experimental development instead is associated with academic start-ups, and an applied focus with employment in consulting. Recommendations for research training are discussed.}, address = {D\"{u}sseldorf}, author = {Hanna Hottenrott and Cornelia Lawson}, copyright = {_URL_ isbn = {978-3-86304-152-6}, keywords = {330; Researcher Mobility; Research Groups; Research Funding; Science-Industry Technology Transfer; Academic Careers}, language = {eng}, number = {153 [rev.]}, publisher = {D\"{u}sseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE)}, title = {Flying the nest: How the home department shapes researchers' career paths}, type = {DICE Discussion Paper}, url = {_URL_ year = {2015} }


Intel Aero Ready to Fly Drone
This flight controller has been discontinued and is no longer commercially available.
The Intel Aero Ready to Fly Drone® is a UAV development platform. Part of this is the Intel Aero Compute Board, running Linux on a Quad-core CPU. The other part is an STM32 microcontroller that is connected to it and that runs PX4 on NuttX. These are integrated in the same package on the Intel Aero Ready to Fly Drone, which also includes the vision accessory kit.
Intel Aero RTF
The main documentation on the official wiki explains how to setup, update and connect to the board, and how to do development on the Linux side. The instructions in this topic concentrate on updating the firmware on the microcontroller from a development tree.
It's important to update to the latest image available since some instructions change between releases. You can check the BIOS and distro version by connecting to the board and running the following command:
The instructions here are tested with the following version:
BIOS_VERSION = Aero-01.00.13
OS_VERSION = Poky Aero (Intel Aero Linux Distro) 1.5.1-dev (pyro)"
Setup Intel Aero using Ubuntu
In order to install Ubuntu on Intel Aero, the following equipment is needed:
 1. Power supply (battery or network cable)
 2. Micro HDMI to HDMI cable to attach a monitor
 3. Micro USB3 to USB2 female adapter
 4. USB Hub to attach mouse and keyboard
Follow the linked instructions from Intel Aero wiki > Installing Ubuntu on Intel Aero:
 1. Upgrade Yocto first (optional)
 2. OS
 3. Intel Aero Repository
As soon as the steps under Intel Aero Repository (above) are completed the Aero kernel is installed. From this point forwards, always boot using this kernel.
Follow the instructions to flash the BIOS, FPGA and Flight Controller. Open the MAVLink router config file: /etc/mavlink-router/main.conf
Include the laptop IP as a UDP Endpoint by adding the following lines to the configuration file. The IP address must be set to the one of the laptop. To find the IP address of the laptop, execute: ifconfig.
[UdpEndpoint wifi]
Mode = Normal
Address =
After all those steps are completed, the drone should automatically connect to QGroundControl running on the laptop.
Next install ROS, by following the instructions here.
RealSense Camera
 1. RealSense SDK
 Follow the steps to install the RealSense SDK listed on the aero wiki. When cloning the repository, the legacy branch needs to be used for the R200 model. If the D435 or D415 is used, the master branch needs to be cloned. All other steps are the same and the branches can be just switched back and forth if the camera is changed.
 If the RealSense R200 is used, it can already be started over a ROS node using:
 roslaunch realsense_camera r200_nodelet_default.launch
 If any D400 series camera is used, follow the next step to install a different ROS wrapper.
 2. ROS Wrapper for D400 series RealSense
 Follow the instructions in Install Intel RealSense ROS from Sources to install a catkin workspace and clone the RealSense software.
 Install the udev rules using:
 sudo udevadm control --reload-rules && udevadm trigger
 Now the RealSense can be started over a ROS node using:
 roslaunch realsense2_camera rs_camera.launch
Obstacle Avoidance
To run the PX4 obstacle avoidance software, install catkin first:
apt install python-catkin-tools
Create a catkin workspace and initialize it. Then clone the avoidance repository into the source space, or use a symbolic link to the source space. Build the package and start the ROS node using:
catkin build local_planner
roslaunch local_planner local_planner_aero.launch
Flashing PX4 software
After setting up the PX4 development environment, follow these steps update the PX4 software:
 1. Do a full update of all software on the vehicle (
 2. Grab the Firmware
 3. Compile with make intel_aerofc-v1_default
 4. Configure the target hostname
 If your system resolves link local names you don't have to do anything and you can skip this step. You can test it by trying to ssh into intel-aero.local after connecting to it either via WiFi or USB:
 ssh _EMAIL_
 If it doesn't work you can try giving the IP that will be used by the upload script:
 # WiFi IP
 export AERO_HOSTNAME=
 # Ethernet-over-USB IP
 export AERO_HOSTNAME=
 5. Upload with: make intel_aerofc-v1_default upload
Connecting QGroundControl via Network
 1. Make sure you are connected to the board with WiFi or USB Network
 2. SSH to the board and make sure MAVLink forwarding runs. By default it automatically starts when booting. It can be started manually with:
 systemctl start mavlink-router
 3. Start QGroundControl and it should automatically connect.
 4. Instead of starting QGroundControl, you can open a MAVLink shell using the script:
Connecting LeddarOne Range Finder
Connect the LeddarOne to the Aero telemetry port. The pinout for the LeddarOne and Aero telemetry port (TELEM1) are as follows.
Pin Aerofc TELEMETRY LeddarOne
2 TX -
6 GND -
To enable the rangefinder set the SENS_LEDDAR1_CFG parameter to TELEM1 and reboot the board (instructions for setting parameters available here).
Connecting Lidar Lite Range Finder
The Lidar Lite is not recommended for use with Intel Aero Ready to Fly Drone® due to measurements spikes.
The following instructions are for a Lidar Lite V3 connected via I2C. The Intel® Aero Ready to Fly Drone has two ports with I2C: One labled COMPASS and the other TELEMETRY. The pinout for both of them can be found below. We recommend using the TELEMETRY port as it is not being used. If your TELEMETRY port is already occupied, a splitter can be used to share the I2C connection (works on any I2C port). Check the images below for the splitter setup.
In addition it is recommended to use a electrolytic capacitor for the Lidar Lite I2C connection to reduce spikes in the distance readings (see here on page 3).
The pinout for the Lidar Lite V3 and Aero telemetry port are as follows
Pin Aerofc TELEMETRY Lidar Lite V3
2 TX -
3 RX -
pin Aerofc COMPASS Lidar Lite V3
2 SCL -
3 SDA -
5 - SDA
6 - GND
Aero I2C splitter
Aero LidarLite
Using Optical Flow on the Aero
The Intel Aero Ready to Fly Drone® comes with a preinstalled optical flow binary on the compute board (Linux OS version 1.6 or higher), which enables it to stably fly based on optical flow velocity estimation. In order to use optical flow, a range sensor has to be installed first (see above).
To use the optical flow, run the following command in a console on the vehicle's compute board:
systemctl start aero-optical-flow
If you want to start the optical flow binary at boot, use
systemctl enable aero-optical-flow _TAG_ disable to undo
In addition, the following parameter values should be set in the flight controller.
Parameter Value
© PX4 Dev Team. License: CC BY 4.0 Updated: 2020-10-28 22:06:45
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text:
Four-Stitch Reticulated Patterns
Summary Unlabeled motifs for stranded knitting. Patterns designed for a variety of gauge and foot sizes. Methods include 2 Circulars and 4 and 5 DPNs.
Motif Information 13 possible stitch patterns are given in chart form (only one is named, the rest are numbered). As indicated by the name of this section (pages 78-82), all have 4 stitch repeats. The length (row count) of the pattern varies.
- Patterns 1-3 ~ 12 rows.
- Pattern 4 ~ 14 rows.
- Patterns 5 and 6 ~ 8 rows.
- Patterns 7-10 ~ 6 rows.
- Patterns 11-12 ~ 4 rows.
- Lice Pattern ~ 2 rows.
The lice pattern is typically used on the soles. The featured sock pictures show (in the order they are displayed):
- Pattern 9 on leg and instep
- Pattern 2 on leg and instep


Augusta Tabor: Entrepreneur
agustataborWhen: 1833 – 1895
Where: Born in Maine, moved to Kansas, and then to Colorado
Why Important: Augusta successfully ran businesses, owned real estate, and carefully managed her money at a time when few women were allowed to be involved in financial and business matters.
Mrs. Tabor's mansion on Broadway in Denver circa _PHONE_ (Credit: Denver Public Library)
Mrs. Tabor's mansion on Broadway in Denver circa _PHONE_
(Credit: Denver Public Library)
Augusta Louise Pierce was born March 29, 1833 in Maine. She met Horace Tabor, a stone-cutter her father hired to work in his quarry. They got married on January 31, 1857. The couple moved to a small town in Kansas and worked as farmers.
In 1859, Horace, Augusta, and their son, Maxey, moved to Colorado. Horace hoped to make money mining for gold. Augusta earned money cooking and doing laundry for the miners. They moved again to Oro City and started a grocery store where Augusta worked. Horace was doing well mining. However, Horace wanted to make more money and moved the family to Leadville.1 The Tabors started a new store and Horace became postmaster of the town.
In 1878, Horace gave two miners supplies in exchange for one third of their mine profit. The miners struck silver and the Tabors became very wealthy! Horace spent his money quickly. Augusta wanted him to save the money. This caused a lot of arguments. Horace kept spending money and bought a big mansion in Denver for the family.
Augusta and Horace continued to fight over money. In 1883 the couple divorced.2 She kept his last name, Tabor, even after he married Baby Doe Tabor.
Augusta donated much of her money to build a new Unitarian church in Denver. She also owned real estate and became wealthy on her own. She was one of the richest business people in Denver. This was unusual for a woman of the day.
Augusta moved to Pasadena, California in 1894 when she became ill. She died one year later.3 She is buried at the Riverside Pioneer Cemetery in Denver.
Content Date: Jan. 1, 1833 to Jan. 1, 1895
Learn More:
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History Colorado


text:
Background: There has been no study conducted about the effect of autosuggestion on quality of life for geriatric patients. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of autosuggestion for geriatric patients' quality of life and its impact on psycho-neuro-endocrine-immune pathway. Methods: Sixty geriatric patients aged ≥60 years in a ward were randomly assigned to either receive autosuggestion or not. Autosuggestion was recorded in a tape to be heard daily for 30 days. Both groups received the standard medical therapy. Primary outcome was quality of life by COOP chart. Secondary outcomes were serum cortisol level, interleukin-2, interleukin-6, interferon-γ, and N-acetylaspartate/creatine ratio in limbic/paralimbic system by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The study was single blinded due to the nature of the intervention studied. Results: Out of 60 subjects, 51 finished the study. The autosuggestion group reported better scores than the control one for quality of life, COOP chart 1.95 vs. 2.22 (95% CI, p = 0.02). There were increments of serum cortisol (p = 0.03) and interleukin-6 in the autosuggestion group (p = 0.04). Interleukin-2, interferon-γ, and N-acetylaspartate/creatine ratio in prefrontal cortex showed a tendency to increase in the autosuggestion groups. Conclusion: Autosuggestion is associated with improvement of geriatrics' quality of life, serum cortisol level, and adaptive immunity. There is a better trend for neuroplasticity in prefrontal cortex in the autosuggestion group.
- quality of life
- serum cortisol


A downloadable game
Buy Now$9.99 USD or more
The ABC Murders is an adventure and investigation game adapted from the classic Agatha Christie novel. The player embodies the famous Hercule Poirot in a 3rd person perspective adventure game packed with mysteries. Once again, the private detective will find himself up against a mysterious opponent who goes by the name of "ABC". Your intelligence will never have been so challenged!
Observe, question and explore everything possible in order to make the smartest deductions and understand the murderer's plans!
Key features:
o Examinations: The player can collect information by examining suspects and paying attention to what they say, how they say it and how they feel.
o Puzzles: The player will have to solve puzzles in order to obtain more clues.
o Brain Deductions: Depending on the clues collected, the player will be able to make deductions and find out more about the murderer.
o Timeline: As the player draws conclusions and progresses through the story, he can use Poirot's Timeline. This means that Hercule Poirot can build a timeline with all the relevant events revealed during the investigation.
Buy Now$9.99 USD or more
Steam Serial


text:
DiffPDF is used to compare two PDF files—textually or visually, is developed by Mark Summerfield, he said "In theory DiffPDF could be built on Windows, but I haven't managed to do it, so no Windows executable is available. The problem is that I don't know how to build the Poppler library on Windows (apparently it isn't easy!)." and I did some effort to compile to on windows. As I know it works on Windows XP and Windows 7 (both 32-bit and 64-bit Windows).
DiffPDF can compare two PDF files. It offers two comparison modes: Text and Appearance.
By default the comparison is of the text on each pair of pages, but comparing the appearance of pages is also supported (for example, if a diagram is changed or if a paragraph is reformatted). It is also possible to compare particular pages or page ranges. For example, if there are two versions of a PDF file, one with pages 1-12 and the other with pages 1-13 because of an extra page having been added as page 4, they can be compared by specifying two page ranges, 1-12 for the first and 1-3, 5-13 for the second. This will make DiffPDF compare pages in the pairs (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 5), (5, 6), and so on, to (12, 13).
A couple of example PDF files are provided (boson1.pdf and boson2.pdf) so that you can try it out. PDF files can be loaded from the GUI (by pressing the File #1 and File #2 buttons), or by specifying them on the command line. I use the tool regularly to compare different versions of my books (which are typically 500 or more pages), e.g., comparing a first printing with a second printing, to make sure that only the pages I intended to change have actually been changed.
DiffPDF is licensed under the GNU General Public License v 2 open source license. To build it you will need a modern C++ compiler, the Qt 4 libraries (at least Qt 4.4; 4.6 or later recommended), and the Poppler library—all these should be available as standard packages on most Linux and BSD systems.
The source is diffpdf-1.8.0.tar.gz(40K). Building follows the standard pattern for Qt 4 applications and is explained in the README. Fedora, Debian, and Ubuntu users don't have to build it manually, they can simply install the binary
diffpdfpackage using their prefered package management tool—but make sure you get at least version 1.8.0!
- Source Code: diffpdf-2.1.2.tar.gz( 85K; SHA1: b01a2bfecf8dd2f04d0a799483e9b6e99adba317)
Source Code: diffpdf-2.1.1.tar.gz( 85K; SHA1: 70cb8746f777eebb7982313b6fdd6c9965a10638 ) Source Code: diffpdf-2.0.0.tar.gz(50K) Source Code: diffpdf-1.9.2.tar.gz(50K) Source Code: diffpdf-1.8.0.tar.gz(40K) Source Code:diffpdf-1.7.0.tar.gz (36K) Source Code:diffpdf-1.6.1.tar.gz (33K) Source Code:diffpdf-1.6.0.tar.gz (31K) Source Code:diffpdf-1.5.1.tar.gz (31K) Source Code:diffpdf-1.5.0.tar.gz (31K) Source Code:diffpdf-1.1.4.tar.gz (26K). Source Code:diffpdf-1.1.5.tar.gz (26K) Source Code:diffpdf-1.2.0.tar.gz (26K) Source Code:diffpdf-1.2.2.tar.gz (26K)
- Win32 static version, DiffPDF-2.1.2-win32-static.zip(4.9M).
Win32 static version, DiffPDF-2.1.1-win32-static.zip(5.9M). Win32 static version, DiffPDF-2.0.0-win32-static.zip(5.8M). Win32 static version, DiffPDF-1.9.2-win32-static.zip(5.8M). Win32 static version, DiffPDF-1.8.0-win32-static.zip(4.7M). Win32 static version, DiffPDF-1.7.0-win32-static.zip(4.7M). Win32 static version, DiffPDF-1.6.1-win32-static.zip(4.7M). Win32 static version, DiffPDF-1.6.0-win32-static.zip(4.7M). Win32 static version, DiffPDF-1.5.1-win32-static.zip(4.7M). Win32 static version, DiffPDF-1.5.0-win32-static.zip(4.7M). Win32 static version, DiffPDF-1.2.2-win32-static.zip(4.7M). Win32 static version, DiffPDF-1.2.0-win32-static.zip(4.7M),only one file diffpdf.exe, no more library, much smaller. Win32 static version, DiffPDF-1.1.5-win32-static.zip(4.7M),only one file diffpdf.exe, no more library, much smaller.
- If you like Portab Apps, you can download from Diffpdf Portable.
Windows binary, diffpdf-1.1.4-win32.zip(8.26M), it is a portable app.
It is open source software, but any donation is welcome.
- Minor GUI bug fixes.
- Minor translation fixes.
- Updated copyright year.
- Tiny bug fix to make sure that the help file is in the right language.
- Dragging and and dropping files from Windows Explorer, Thunar, etc., now works (at least for me, on Windows 7 and Xubuntu).
- Updated Czech translation from Pavel Fric.
- French translation from Pierre-Alain Bandinelli.
- German translation (and many suggestions) from Rainer Krachten.
- Translations should "just work"; i.e., if you use a French locale then the user interface and help text should appear in French. However, you can force DiffPDF to use any language it supports by using the –language command line option (e.g., –language=fr). If an unsupported locale or –language option is used, DiffPDF will fall back to English.
- Now support -h as a synonym for –help.
- Initial path defaults to home directory instead of DiffPDF's installation directory.
- Improved the Options dialog's layout.
- A subtle bugfix to the –words command line option.
- Fixed a crash: clicking to set a margin when there're no PDFs loaded now safely does nothing.
- Can now have comparisons exclude text that's outside user-specified margins. This feature was sponsored by a company that prefers to remain anonymous.
- Save As can now save images as well as PDFs.
- Minor bug fixes and improvements.
- Command line help (–help) will no longer work on Windows. This is to avoid a spurious console window appearing. I've put the output in the online help though.
- Improved dock window handling so that docks can now be stacked on top of each other (useful for small screens).
- Added missing step to the README.
- Save As now preserves the aspect ratio. Bug reported by Rainer Krachten.
- Added Czech translation provided by Pavel Fric.
- Will now use the default locale's language for standard dialogs (e.g., for the file dialog).
- Dragging & dropping one or two files onto the filename line edits or onto the file viewer panels is now supported. Independently suggested by Liviu Andronic and Rory Gordon.
- Show Zones checkbox is always visible (it was only visible with –debug in earlier versions).
- DiffPDF now starts up with its initial comparison mode being whatever comparison mode was in force when it was shut down (or Words mode the first time it is run).
- Improved About box with more version info + contributors.
- Added –help command line option.
- Introduced zoning: this can be slow in Characters mode but can provide better accuracy in text modes.
- Improved Character mode to be as liberal about hyphens as Words mode.
- Minor doc changes that I forgot for 1.7.0.
- Minor GUI bug fixes and changes.
- Minor under the hood efficiency improvements.
- Renamed Text mode to Words mode. This mode is best for alphabetic text (e.g., English).
- Added Characters mode. This mode is best for logographic text (e.g., Chinese and Japanese). This was suggested by Paul Howarth.
- Very minor cosmetic changes.
- Save button is now only enabled if there are changes.
- An improved help window with slightly more information.
- Subtle bugfix that caused inaccurate highlight positioning in rare cases.
- In addition to Appearance comparisons using highlighting, they can now
also some composition modes to help make subtle differences more
visible. (This was inspired by feedback by Florian Heiderich.)
- Can now control the square size for appearance comparisons. Using very
small squares can help reveal tiny Appearance differences.
-


text:
Master Tour displays your schedule information on a day to day basis. Travel and schedule items do not carry over to the next date, even when the time passes midnight. What if you would like to create a schedule item that occurs after midnight? This is what the +1 check box is for.
To create schedule items that occur past midnight, simply enter the time (i.e. 1:00 AM) and then check the box next to the date that says "+1". This tells the system that the activity occurs the following calendar day (ie late night) but that it is still part of today's schedule. Often times items on your schedule will run past midnight, but you would like them to be associated with the current day. For example, a bus call is at 1:00 AM. Technically 1:00 AM is the following day but you would probably want to see that printed on the schedule for current day, so you would enter the time as 1:00 AM and check the +1 box.
For a schedule item that starts before midnight then continues after midnight, you'd only check the +1 checkbox for the End Time, like so:
Please remember that your schedule items that occur past midnight from one night do not carry over to the next date. It is recommended that if you have travel plans after midnight that occur past midnight well into the next morning, split this information so that information up to a certain hour (say, 3:00am) will display on the day the travel starts, while the rest of the travel information (4:00am onward) will display on the next date.


text:
New Mexico State Flag
The State Flag of New Mexico has a modern interpretation of an ancient symbol of a sun design as seen on a late 19th century water jar from Zia Pueblo. This pueblo is thought to have been one of the Seven Golden Cities of Cibola, which explorer Vasquez de Coronado sought. The red sun symbol was then called a "Zia" and is shown on a field of gold. The red and gold are the colors of Queen Isabela of Castile that the Spanish Conquistadors brought to the New World.
The flags of Spain, the Republic of Mexico, the Confederate States of America, and the United States of America have all flown over the "Land of Enchantment" during the long history of the state.
Courtesy of State of New Mexico
Image by Art Explosion 600,000.


text:
1. Four sides sealing bag The four-side sealing bag is […]
1. Four sides sealing bag
The four-side sealing bag is usually made by the top, two sides and bottom sealing of two (roll) materials. Compared with the bag mentioned before, it is possible to use two different plastic resin materials if they can be bonded to each other. If it is, it is made into a four-side sealing bag glued on the front. The four-side sealing bag can be made into various shapes, such as heart-shaped or oval.
2. Zipper bag
On the three-side sealing bag and the main body bag, a bag with easy opening zipper is installed.
3. Three-dimensional bag
There are many types of three-dimensional bags, mainly including the following types:
①Standing bag with bottomed boat shape.
②Folded bottom integrated three-dimensional bag.
③The oblique knife heat seals the three-dimensional bag.
④Three-dimensional bag with bottle-shaped knife mold.
⑤ The three-dimensional bag with spout is divided into three-dimensional bag with oblique mouth and three-dimensional bag with roof cover.
⑥ Air pressure upright bag.
4. Shaped bags
Fruit-shaped and cartoon-shaped bags.
5. Bag with hand hole
The hole shape is triangle, butterfly shape, airplane shape, round hole, semicircle, waist drum shape and so on.


text:
Issue No. 08 - August (1995 vol. 44)
DOI Bookmark: _URL_
Abstract—Achieving race-free state assignments is an important objective in the synthesis of asynchronous sequential logic circuits (ASLCs). Traditionally, adjacency diagrams are used to help identify and resolve race conditions; however, this approach has a high degree of computational complexity. This paper presents an efficient state assignment algorithm that utilizes a pattern matching technique to predict races and to eliminate the need for enumerative searches. More specifically, the race-free state assignment problem is formulated as the embedding of a bipartite connected graph onto an n-cube and achieves a near minimum number of state variables. This algorithm has been evaluated using several representative examples. Results show that the developed algorithm provides better performance than existing algorithms. Due to the simplicity of the bipartite representation of an n-cube, the developed algorithm is suitable for ASLC synthesis that may involve a relatively large number of states.
Asynchronous sequential logic circuits, adjacency diagram, bipartite adjacency table, bipartite graph, bipartite representation of an n-cube, mapping, partitioning, race-free state assignments, state assignments algorithm.
Jun-Woo Kang, P. David Fisher, Chin-Long Wey, "Application of Bipartite Graphs for Achieving Race-Free State Assignments", IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol. 44, no., pp. _PHONE_, August 1995, doi:10.1109/12.403716


text:
CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION creates a new text search configuration. A text search configuration specifies a text search parser that can divide a string into tokens, plus dictionaries that can be used to determine which tokens are of interest for searching.
If only the parser is specified, then the new text search configuration initially has no mappings from token types to dictionaries, and therefore will ignore all words. Subsequent ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION commands must be used to create mappings to make the configuration useful. Alternatively, an existing text search configuration can be copied.
If a schema name is given then the text search configuration is created in the specified schema. Otherwise it is created in the current schema.
The user who defines a text search configuration becomes its owner.
Refer to Chapter 12 for further information.
The name of the text search configuration to be created. The name can be schema-qualified.
The name of the text search parser to use for this configuration.
The name of an existing text search configuration to copy.
The PARSER and COPY options are mutually exclusive, because when an existing configuration is copied, its parser selection is copied too.


text:
a stage in the individual development, or ontogeny, of an ancestral form, in which characters that are typical of adult descendants are manifested. The term was introduced in paleontology in 1901 by A. P. Pavlov, who described the prophetic phase in the development of the suture line of the shell in certain Mesozoic ammonites. He concluded that ontogeny may anticipate phylogeny as well as recapitulate it.
The prophetic phase is a result of the suppression of late stages of development in the course of evolution and the manifestation in the adult state of features that are characteristic of early stages in the development of ancestors. The outcome of the prophetic phase is a gradual shift of embryonal changes in ancestors to later stages of development in descendants.


Body Image
Why do I have large ankles and is there anything I can do about them?
A Answers (1)
 - AMehmet Oz, MD, Cardiology, answered
 1 143 03 cankles
 Cankles or large ankles are often hereditary but can also be caused by health conditions, some serious.
 To learn more about large ankles and what causes them, watch Dr. Oz discuss the topic in this video.
Did You See? Close
How does exercise boost my body image?


text:
Exercise #37 page 2
It's clear to everybody who has followed the course of discussion attentively that there are TWO ships in the Bismark class in the database. That means, this class must not be included in the result set of the query.
To check it, add the following row into the basic database:
All the basic teaching databases you can download from sqlbooks.ru.
The next solution was built by one of the visitors of the site after receiving the above explanation. It also gives the correct result for main database.
Here two queries were combined. The second query selects from the Outcomes table on condition that there exists no other ship of the given leading ship class in the Ships table.
The first query selects all ships from the Ships table except those whose leading ship is present in the Outcomes table. Next, the grouping by class was executed and ship classes with more than one ship are eliminated with the HAVING clause.
Thus, it is assumed that if the leading ship is in the Outcomes table, this class has at least two ships and, therefore, this class does not meet the conditions of the problem. That is a mistake, because nothing implies that the Ships table cannot contain a leading ship. So if a class has one ship in the database, and this ship is a head one and is present in both of the considered tables, then the solution 3.2.2 mistakenly ignores this class.


text:
Want to know where Cymbeline is set? See each setting Shakespeare used in the play on the map below.
Shakespeare was 'thinking deep' in setting Cymbeline. It's set in the middle ages in a mythical England and a Rome that is very different from the Rome of Shakespeare's great Roman plays. It is more like the Renaissance cities Shakespeare creates in other plays, such as Verona in Romeo and Juliet. Shakespeare reminds us all the time of the setting by referring to the two places. He uses the word Britain rather than England because in this play the idea of Empire is central. It is to some extent about the tension between the two empires of Rome and Britain, the first in a decadent state and the second beginning to flourish. The old and the new. The play's major ambiguity is that Rome is the ruler of Britain and its equal at the same time.
The map below shows all the locations Shakespeare used for Cymbeline. You can zoom in on the map for a more detailed view of an area, and click the icons on the map for more information. Text in the more info box are the specific locations Shakespeare references in his Cymbeline text.


text:
Daniel Hale Williams - Introduction:
African American Doctor Daniel Hale Williams is credited with having performed open heart surgery on July 9, 1893 before such surgeries were established. In 1913, Daniel Hale Williams Williams was the only African American member of the American College of Surgeons.
Daniel Hale Williams - Famous Operation:
Daniel Hale Williams successfully operated on James Cornish, the victim of a knifing. The operation was considered at the time a ground-breaking. The doctor opened the patient's chest revealing a beating heart to stitch a small wound in the pericardium, the sac surrounding the heart.
Daniel Hales Williams - Other Achievements:
Daniel Hales Williams utilized many of the emerging antiseptic, sterilization procedures of the day and thereby gained a reputation for professionalism. The doctor began his medical practice in Chicago at a time when there were only three other black physicians. In 1891, in Chicago, Daniel Hales Williams founded Provident, the first American interracial hospital. Provident hosted the first nursing school for blacks in America.
Daniel Hales Williams - Background:
Daniel Hales Williams was born in Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania on January 18,1858. He graduated from Chicago Medical College in 1883. Daniel Hales Williams and Alice Johnson were wed on April 2, 1898. He died on August 4, 1931, in Idlewild, Michigan.


Definitions for
Overview of noun yawn
The noun yawn has 1 senses? (first 1 from tagged texts)
1. (1) yawn, yawning, oscitance, oscitancy
Overview of verb yawn
The verb yawn has 2 senses? (first 1 from tagged texts)
1. (3) yawn
(utter a yawn, as from lack of oxygen or when one is tired; "The child yawned during the long performance")
2. gape, yawn, yaw
(be wide open; "the deep gaping canyon") © 2001-2013, Demand Media, all rights reserved. The database is based on Word Net a lexical database for the English language. see disclaimer
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text:
Science Fair Project Encyclopedia
Starkad, Starkotter, Starkodder, Starkadhr (ice.), Störkudhr (ice.) or Starcatherus (Gesta Danorum) was a Scandinavian legendary hero and skald whose adventures are retold in Gesta Danorum and in Icelandic sagas.
He managed to survive a shipwreck after which he was received by the Danish king Fródi. Fródi gave him a longship and the task of patrolling the shores. No mortal man was his equal as he was endowed with superhuman strength and a noble disposition.
He was not only remarkable by his size and courage but also by his skaldic skills. Odin bestowed upon him the life of three men so that he would be able to commit as many atrocities.
He served many kings, such as Erik and Alrik.
The contents of this article is licensed from _URL_ under the GNU Free Documentation License. Click here to see the transparent copy and copyright details


text:
What does VU mean in Physics?
This page is about the meanings of the acronym/abbreviation/shorthand VU in the Academic & Science field in general and in the Physics terminology in particular.
Find a translation for VU in other languages:
Select another language:
What does VU mean?
- Volume Unit


Skip to navigation | Skip to content
Whistling feathers sound predator alarm
crested pigeon
Flights of fear: this crested pigeon has a secret alarm in its feathers (Source: Geoffrey Dabb)
Behavioural ecologist Dr Robert Magrath and student Mae Hingee of the Australian National University in Canberra report their findings today in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B.
Birds hang around in a flock rather than on their own because there are more individuals looking out for predators, says Magrath: "There are more eyes looking for danger."
But if one individual in a large group spots a predator, how does it communicate this to the rest?
While some bird species use vocal alarms to warn the rest of the flock, not all do.
One that doesn't is the Australian crested pigeon, Ocyphaps lophotes.
The bird has a very curious whistling sound when it flies, which seems to change when it flies off in alarm, says Magrath.
"You can close your eyes and know when a crested pigeon is flying around," he says.
Magrath says the whistling sound is so loud some might suspect it was made vocally, but it is actually made by the pigeons' wings.
"In fact one of their common names is the whistle-winged pigeon," he says.
Feather alarm
Magrath and Hingee hypothesised that the crested pigeon might be using its whistling feathers as an alarm.
To test this, they made model hawks which they used to scare flocks of crested pigeons.
They recorded the whistling sound made by pigeons taking off in alarm and compared this to a recording of the whistling sound made by birds taking off routinely.
Magrath and Hingee then analysed the characteristics of the different wing whistles on computer.
They found that each downbeat and upbeat of the wings produced different tones but the alarm signal was faster and louder than the routine flight sound.
The next step was to independently test whether the birds responded differently to these two different sounds.
Magrath and Hingee recorded the alarm and routine flight sounds onto CD and then played them back to flocks of birds.
"If you played back the routine whistle they just kept on feeding as if nothing had happened," says Magrath.
"If you played back the alarm whistle they just shot off - 80% of the flocks just went for the hills. Clearly the birds are playing attention to these whistles."
Alarm feathers
The researchers now want to look more closely at how the wings produce their alarm sound.
Magrath says there is a special feather on the wings that appears to be key to the whistles.
This feather amplifies the differences between slow and fast wing flapping, turning a routine whistle into an alarm whistle, he says.
Magrath says future tests will involve the use of high speed photography to try and associate particular wing strokes with particular sounds.
Other tests will place individual feathers in a wind tunnel to see if the alarm whistle can be recreated, he says.
Tags: animal-behaviour, birds


syntax if variable includes more less specific string of text - search 4 some magic
Hello folks!!
I'm searching for a magical symbol I guess... The issue is following:
I'm trying to assign certain string of text a specific value in new variable. Imagine a situation when I am searching that string of text in eg. people's opinions on whatever and my task is to separate those ones who used a specific swear word, in this case it's (let's say) "pencil". That's not problem though. The issue is (and that's what's important) that my task is to separate people who used various forms of this word in this way - "pxcil" while x can be any letter or number (for the sake of argument I wanna get rid of people who say "poncil" or "ppncil" or whatever).
Yeah, I know of order counting however this ain't the case to use it.
So, to sum it up my question is following: is there some sort of symbol or whatever to use in command such as:
if char.index(opinion_final, "p#ncil")>0 opinion_filtered=1.
Could you please help me in this quest or at least state that you're 1000% of no such magical symbol?
Thanx in advance...


Skip to main content
U.S. flag
An official website of the United States government
Quota costs, billing, and limits usage is billed by org memory quota.
The cost is $130 per GB of memory reserved per month, with no limit except the quota you set.
You set your memory quota in advance. This helps you control the maximum amount that your team will spend, and helps us avoid over-provisioning resources that won't be used.
(Sandboxes offer resource usage for free, but it is capped at 1 GB of RAM.)
Quotas are associated with and billed to a project IAA number or equivalent billing tag. Quotas are billed by the amount of memory reserved and tallied monthly.
What quotas limit
Quotas provide a not-to-exceed reservation of memory, which you set at the amount appropriate to your usage. In the underlying technical system, quotas also limit number of application routes and service instances, but you can request an expansion of those limits at any time.
Quotas limit the following resources:
If a new application push would exceed your organization's quota, the request will fail with status code 400 and a message that describes the limit that would be exceeded.
Creating app APPLICATION in org ORG / space SPACE as USER… FAILED Server error, status code: 400, error code: 100007, message: You have exceeded the instance memory limit for your organization's quota.
In this situation you have three options:
 1. Delete existing resources with cf delete, delete-service, delete-route or similar.
 2. Reconfigure individual existing application quotas and redeploy.
 3. Request a quota change by asking support. You can request an increase in number of routes or service instances with no cost impact. Increasing memory quota changes your costs (as described above).


Skip to definition.
Noun: package pa-kij
 1. A collection of things wrapped or boxed together
 - bundle, packet, parcel
 2. A box or collection of items wrapped for shipment
 - parcel
 - software, software program, computer software, software system, software package
Verb: package pa-kij
 1. Put into a box
 "package the gift, please";
 - box
 2. Sell different items together as a single product
 - bundle
Derived forms: packages, packaged, packaging
Type of: accumulation, aggregation, assemblage, case, code, collection, computer code, container, encase, incase
Encyclopedia: Package


text: With the growing popularity of autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), the improvement of safety for UAV operations has become increasingly important. In this paper, a landing trajectory optimization scheme is proposed to generate reference landing trajectories for a fixed-wing UAV with accidental engine failure. For a specific landing objective, two types of landing trajectory optimization algorithms are investigated: i) trajectory optimization algorithm with nonlinear UAV dynamics, and ii) trajectory optimization algorithm with linearized UAV dynamics. An initialization procedure that generates an initial guess is introduced to accelerate the convergence of the optimization algorithms. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is verified in a high-fidelity UAV simulation environment, where the optimized landing trajectories are tracked by a UAV equipped with an L1 adaptive altitude controller in both the offline and online modes.


text:
It is not just people crossing the ditch – a little New Zealand fern has also emigrated to Australia, and not just once but twice.
This is the first known case amongst ferns or seed plants of the same species dispersing twice across the Tasman Sea.
Hooker's spleenwort fern, or Asplenium hookerianum, is a close relative of the hen & chickens ferns. Hooker's spleenwort is widespread and common in New Zealand, but rare in Australia, with only a few, small populations in each of Victoria and Tasmania.
DNA analyses of the populations of Hooker's spleenwort were carried out by researchers from Te Papa, Massey University, and the University of Melbourne.
26 genetic variants were found in New Zealand, but only one each in Victoria and Tasmania. Not only are the Australian variants at the tips of the genetic family tree, they are more closely related to variants in New Zealand than to each other.
Many plant species are known to have dispersed across the Tasman Sea, in either direction. Numerous New Zealand species also occur in Australia (about 50% in ferns), and more have close relatives there. But, it remains an open question how common multiple dispersals within a species are.


text:
Bio::Ontology::DocumentRegistry - Keep track of where to find ontologies. Allows lookups by name.
my $registry = Bio::Ontology::DocumentRegistry->get_instance(); my($ont,$def,$fmt) = $registry->documents('Sequence Ontology'); my $io = Bio::OntologyIO->new(-url => $ont, -defs_url => $def, -format => $fmt); my $so = $io->next_ontology(); #...
Do not use this directly, use Bio::Ontology::OntologyStore instead. Bio::Ontology::OntologyStore uses Bio::Ontology::DocumentRegistry to load and cache ontologies as object graphs, you can just ask it for what you want by name. See Bio::Ontology::OntologyStore for details.
User feedback is an integral part of the evolution of this and other Bioperl modules. Send your comments and suggestions preferably to the Bioperl mailing list. Your participation is much appreciated.
_EMAIL_ - General discussion _URL_ - About the mailing lists
Please direct usage questions or support issues to the mailing list:
rather than to the module maintainer directly. Many experienced and reponsive experts will be able look at the problem and quickly address it. Please include a thorough description of the problem with code and data examples if at all possible.
Report bugs to the Bioperl bug tracking system to help us keep track of the bugs and their resolution. Bug reports can be submitted via the web:
The rest of the documentation details each of the object methods. Internal methods are usually preceded with a _
Title : get_instance Usage : my $singleton = Bio::Ontology::DocumentRegistry->get_instance(); Function: constructor Returns : The Bio::Ontology::DocumentRegistry singleton. Args : None Usage
Title : documents Usage : my($ontology_url, $definitions_url, $format) = $obj->documents('Sequence Ontology'); Function: Maps an ontology name to a list of (local or) remote URIs where the files can be located. Returns : A 3-item list: (1) URI for the ontology file (2) URI for the ontology definitions file (3) format of the files (dagedit, obo, etc) Args : Name of an ontology, e.g. 'Sequence Ontology', or 'Cellular Component (Gene Ontology)'


text:
Economic Concepts Poster Contest
Economics Concepts Poster Contest
A Picture is Worth a Thousand Words
Teachers of grades 1-8 use the Poster Contest to stimulate students' interest in the fundamentals of our economic system. The program also helps students learn about the economy and have fun doing it, while creatively demonstrating their understanding of the economy.
On average, 3,000 students participate in the program each year, gaining a better understanding of basic economic concepts by depicting them as artwork!
Students represent in a color drawing, one of six basic economic concepts. Teachers submit their entries to a regional contest in which twelve winners are selected, along with at least twelve honorable mention entries. Entries are judged on accuracy of concept representation and originality.
See the list of regional contests, and find out which one you should enter, on the How to Enter page.
The top twenty-four entries from each regional contest advance to the state competition from which twelve drawings are selected as state winners. Each year, a twelve-month color calendar is produced from the twelve state winners' drawings, and distributed in the fall of the year.
At both the regional and state levels, winning students receive monetary awards and certificates. Teachers also receive recognition. Regional contests may culminate in a reception for students, teachers and family.


Eastern Region (Iceland)
Eastern Region (Icelandic: Austurland) is a region in eastern Iceland. Its area is 22,721 square kilometres (8,773 sq mi) and in 2020 its population was 13,173. The Eastern Regions has a jagged coastline of fjords, referred to as the Eastfjords (Austfirðir).
Eastern Region
The Austurland area
The Austurland area
 - Total22,721 km2 (8,773 sq mi)
 - Total13,173
 - Density0.6/km2 (2/sq mi)
The largest town in the region is Egilsstaðir, with a population of 2,300. The oldest municipality is Djúpivogur, which got their trading licence in 1589, had a population of 470 in 2015.
The only car and passenger ferry that sails between Iceland and the European continent calls at Seyðisfjörður once a week in the summer months and intermittently the rest of the year.
The region is home to the Kárahnjúkar Hydropower Plant. Among notable tourist destinations are the Helgustaðir mine, which is known for its Iceland spar, and Stuðlagil.
See alsoEdit
External linksEdit


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ALUMINA- X-Ray Analysis; MATHEMATICAL TRANSFORMATIONS - Fourier Transforms; SILICA - X-Ray Analysis; X-RAYS - Scattering; SMALL-ANGLE X-RAY SCATTERING; VORONOI CELL MODELS
Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) can be used to obtain interphase surface areas of a system, such as a supported-metal catalyst, composed of internally homogeneous phases with sharp interphase boundaries. Measurements of SAXS for samples of porous silica, alumina, platinum on silica, and platinum on alumina are reported. A variety of models and forms for the correlation function, the Fourier transform of which gives the X-ray scattering, are considered, and theoretical and measured intensities are compared. A criterion of fit for comparing models with different numbers of parameters is proposed. It is shown that values for the single interphase surface area can be obtained independently of a model. However, fitting intensities using a model-based correlation function gives information about the structure of the system. The two-cell-size Voronoi and the correlated Voronoi cell models are useful in this regard.
Brumberger, H., Delaglio, F., Goodisman, J., & Whitfield, M. (1986). SMALL-ANGLE X-RAY SCATTERING ANALYSIS OF CATALYSTS: COMPARISON AND EVALUATION OF MODELS. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 19(pt 5), 287-299.
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.


absolute error is more robust to outliers. But let's understand why!
3. Huber Loss, Smooth Mean Absolute Error Huber loss is less sensitive to outliers in data than the squared error loss. It's also differentiable at 0. It's basically absolute error, which becomes quadratic when error is small. How small that error has to be to make it quadratic depends on a hyperparameter, 𝛿 (delta), which can be tuned. Huber loss approaches MAE when δ0\delta \sim 0 and MSE when δ\delta \sim \infty (large numbers.)
Lδ(y,f(x))={(yf(x))2/2for yf(x)δδyf(x)δ2/2otherwise.L_\delta(y, f(x)) = \left\{\begin{matrix} (y-f(x))^2/2 & \text{for }|y-f(x)| \leq \delta \\ \delta |y-f(x)| - \delta^2/2 & \text{otherwise.} \end{matrix}\right.
Plot of Hoss Loss (Y-axis) vs. Predictions (X-axis). True value = 0
The choice of delta is critical because it determines what you're willing to consider as an outlier. Residuals larger than delta are minimized with L1L_1 (which is less sensitive to large outliers), while residuals smaller than delta are minimized "appropriately" with L2L_2.
3.5. Why use Huber Loss?
One big problem with using MAE for training of neural nets is its constantly large gradient, which can lead to missing minima at the end of training using gradient descent. For MSE, gradient decreases as the loss gets close to its minima, making it more precise.
Huber loss can be really helpful in such cases, as it curves around the minima which decreases the gradient. And it's more robust to outliers than MSE. Therefore, it combines good properties from both MSE and MAE. However, the problem with Huber loss is that we might need to train hyperparameter delta which is an iterative process.
4. Log-Cosh Loss Log-cosh is another function used in regression tasks that's smoother than L2L_2. Log-cosh is the logarithm of the hyperbolic cosine of the prediction error.
L(y,yp)=i=1nlog(cosh(yipyi))L(y,y^p)=\sum_{i=1}^{n} \log(\cosh(y_i^p - y_i))
Plot of Log-cosh Loss (Y-axis) vs. Predictions (X-axis). True value = 0
Advantage: log(cosh(x))\log(\cosh(x)) is approximately equal to (x ** 2) / 2 for small x and to abs(x) - log(2) for large x. This means that logcosh works mostly like the mean squared error, but will not be so strongly affected by the occasional wildly incorrect prediction. It has all the advantages of Huber loss, and it's twice differentiable everywhere, unlike Huber loss.
5. Quantile Loss
In most of the real world prediction problems, we are often interested to know about the uncertainty in our predictions. Knowing about the range of predictions as opposed to only point estimates can significantly improve decision making processes for many business problems.
Quantile loss functions turn out to be useful when we are interested in predicting an interval instead of only point predictions. Prediction interval from least square regression is based on an assumption that residuals (yy^)(y - \hat{y}) have constant variance across values of independent variables. We can not trust linear regression models which violate this assumption. We can not also just throw away the idea of fitting linear regression model as baseline by saying that such situations would always be better modeled using non-linear functions or tree based models. This is where quantile loss and quantile regression come to rescue as regression based on quantile loss provides sensible prediction intervals even for residuals with non-constant variance or non-normal distribution.
Let's see a working example to better understand why regression based on quantile loss performs well with heteroscedastic data.
Quantile regression vs. Ordinary Least Square regression
Left: Linear relationship b/w X1 and Y. With constant variance of residuals. Right: Linear relationship b/w X2 and Y but variance of Y increases with X2. (Heteroscedasticity)
Orange line represents OLS estimates for both cases
Quantile Regression. Dotted lines represent regression based 0.05 and 0.95 quantile loss functions
Understanding the quantile loss function
Quantile-based regression aims to estimate the conditional "quantile" of a response variable given certain values of predictor variables. Quantile loss is actually just an extension of MAE (when quantile is 50th percentile, it's MAE).
The idea is to choose the quantile value based on whether we want to give more value to positive errors or negative errors. Loss function tries to give different penalties to overestimation and underestimation based on the value of chosen quantile (γ\gamma). For example, a quantile loss function of γ=0.25\gamma = 0.25 gives more penalty to overestimation and tries to keep prediction values a little below median
Lγ(y,yp)=i=yi


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Welcome to Franklin Primary School
Welcome to Franklin Primary School. Franklin Primary was established in 1860, making it one of the oldest schools in Tasmania. We are a school of approximately 140 students located in a natural bushland setting bordered by Prices Creek. A focus of our school grounds is the "Big Tree", a giant Redwood tree planted in 1901. Our school and its beautiful surrounds provides a unique environment for children to grow and to realise their individual potential. Catering for children Kindergarten to Grade 6, in both single and composite classes, children are taught using a variety of teaching approaches ranging from large group activities to specialist programs. We also run a weekly Launching into Learning Early Years program for children birth to 4 years and their parents/carers.
Franklin Primary School aims to be a centre of excellence, working in partnership with our community to ensure learning is valued, innovation is celebrated and leadership thrives. We encourage and support our children to develop knowledge, skills and understanding across all curriculum areas so that each child reaches their full potential.


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Referring to the divisor definition of Webster [link to that definition] suppose that we start with a divisor so large that no party gets a seat. Then let's start lowering the divisor so that parties will begin getting seats. As we keep lowering the divisor, more parties will get seats, more seats will be awarded. The object is to lower the divisor till (if 100 seats are desired) 100 seats are awarded.
So start with a divisor so large that no party gets a seat. As we lower the divisor, some party will get the 1st seat. Which party? This depends on which party can get a seat with the largest divisor. When every party has 0 seats, we want a party to qualify for 1 seat instead of 0. This means that, when we divide its votes by the divisor, we want to get.5, since that can be rounded off to 1 instead of 0.
For a particular party, what divisor, when divided into its votes, will give us.5? Find out by dividing.5 into that party's votes. This will tell you what divisor will round that party up to 1. So we do this for each party, dividing its votes by.5 The party with the largest result of that division is the party which will be the 1st one rounded up as the divisor is lowered. It gets the 1st seat.
We keep doing this: Say a party has 1 seat. It qualifies for 2 seats if dividing its votes by the divisor results in 1.5 What divisor, divided into its votes, will result in 1.5? We find out by dividing 1.5 into its votes.
So, in general: Divide each party's votes by.5 more than its current number of seats. We can call this division result that party's "score". The party with largest score gets the next seat. Then we again divide each party's votes by.5 more than its current number of seats, to determine which party gets the next seat, etc.
To clarify where it comes from, I've written that wordily. Here's a briefly stated electoral law for this systematic procedure for Webster:
All parties initially have 0 seats. Repeatedly, each party's votes are divided by.5 more than its current number of seats, and the party with largest division-result receives the next seat. This procedure is repeated till the desired number of seats has been awarded. The advantage of this systematic procedure rule is that it avoids the trial-&-error that would be needed to carry out Webster's method, directly from Webster's definition. The countries using Sainte-Lague must have felt that this is important, because they use a systematic procedure.
Actually, though, the systematic procedure that they use differs slightly from the above one: If you double all those numbers ending in.5, by which you divide the parties' votes, you get odd numbers. _That_ is the version of the Webster systematic procedure that is actually used in Sainte-Lague countries. It's the procedure that's given in books, under the name "Sainte-Lague".
The reason, most likely, why Sainte-Lague, as used, uses odd numbers instead of the numbers ending in.5, is that, in pre-computer days, doubling those numbers ending in.5, to get odd numbers, would reduce the number of digits, and get rid of fractions, which would make a non-computerized calculation easier.
But the way I worded it before makes for a much briefer & clearer wording. The odd-numbers procedure could be worded:
"Repeatedly, each party's votes are divided by the odd number equal to one more than twice that party's current number of seats, and the party with the highest division result gets the next seat. This is repeated till the desired number of seats have been awarded"
Obviously a more complicted wording.
The _World Atlas of Elecions_, available in most university libraries, refers to the above procedure as "pure Sainte-Lague". Another version of this is referred to in that book as "Modified Sainte-Lague". Modified Sainte-Lague has a provision to make it more difficult for a small partyk to get its 1st seat. Though some proportionalists are proposing pure Sainte-Lague, no one is proposing modified Sainte-Lague. But it's worth mentioning because some of the Sainte-Lague countries use it:
Where pure Sainte-Lague (odd numbers procedure), when a party has 0 seats, would divide that party's votes by the 1st odd number, 1, modified Sainte-Lague instead divides by 1.4, just to make it more difficult to get a 1st seat, in order to discourage small parties.
But if one isn't using a computer, that can amount to a lot of work, actually using that procedure. There's a quicker way for doing a systematic procedure without a computer:
You'd start as in the quota definition of Webster: If there are 100 seats to be allocated, then the 1st quota is 1/100 of the total vote. So you determine how many votes this quota is, and divide it into each party's votes, to determine how many quotas it has.
If, when you round each party to the nearest whole number and give it that number of seats, let's say this only awards 99 seats:
We have to award one more seat, so we simply do what we did before: Divide each party's votes by.5 more than its current number of seats to find out which party would be the 1st to round up if we were to begin lowering the quota. We give the 100th seat to the party with largest division-result.
Of course it we instead had 98 as the initial number of seats, instead of 99, we'd simply have to repeat the procedure, as described before.
But what if the initial quota awards 101 seats. Then we have to find out which party should lose a seat. An argument analogous to the previous one, this time involving raising the quota until a party loses a seat, leads to the following: Divide each party's votes by.5 less than its current number of seats. The party with lowest division-result is the one that loses a seat.
Why this is--if a party has 3 seats, we want to find out what divior or quota it would take to round it down to 2. So we want to find out what divisor, when divided into that party's votes, would give 2.5 And we find that out by dividing 2.5 into the party's votes. The 1st party to lose a seat as we raise the divisor will be the one with the lowest result of dividing its votes by.5 less than its current number of seats.
This is just essentially the same as the previous arguments, except that it's about finding out who should lose a seat, when the initial quota has awarded too many.
I emphasize that all these procedures (Websters definition, *The systematic procedure starting with 0 seats, dividing by numbers ending in.5 * The systematic procedure dividing by odd numbers, with all parties initially having 0 seats * The systematic procedure I've just described)--All these procedures give the same identical seat allocation.
It may be that a sytematic procdeure makes for a better electoral law, but Webster's definition, either his divisor definition, or the quota definition, is the one that is based directly on the principle of putting each party's seats as close as possible to what is called-for by a common ratio between seats & votes.
Most books on PR give, for Sainte-Lague, the odd numbers formula, without any word on where it comes from, leaving the impression that Sainte-Lague is an arbitrary unexplained procedure. I've approached Sainte-Lague from principle, deriving the systematic procedures from the definition based on principle.
An argument analogous to the ones used above leads to the following
systematic procedure for Jefferson's method:
All parties initially have 0 seats. Repeatedly divide each party's
by 1 more than its current number of seats, and give the next seat
to the party with the largest division-result. Repeat this till
the desired number of seats has been awarded.
All parties initially have 0 seats. Repeatedly divide each party's by 1 more than its current number of seats, and give the next seat to the party with the largest division-result. Repeat this till the desired number of seats has been awarded.
The reason why it's "1 more than the current number of seats, instead of ".5 more than the current number of seats" is that with Jefferson there's no such thing as rounding up, and so to for a party with 2 seats to qualify instead for 3 seats, the result of dividing its votes by the common divisor has to actually equal 3. But the argument leading to the above systematic procedure for Jefferson's method is the same as that for Webster, except for that one difference in rounding.
As I said, this systematic procedure for Jefferson's method is called "d'Hondt". Most countries use it in the form I've written, although it has also been used in an implementation similar to the quicker systematic procedure I described for Webster, for when a computer isn't being used. In that implementation, the parties aren't started with 0 seats, but rather a 1st quota is used, to get an initial result closer to the desired result. The country that was doing this is no longer using d'Hondt, and (as of 1995) it may be that no country is using this quick implementation.


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Subjective Wellbeing Among Adults with Diabetes: Results from Diabetes MILES—Australia
- First Online:
- Cite this article as:
- Holmes-Truscott, E., Browne, J.L., Pouwer, F. et al. J Happiness Stud (2016) 17: 1205. doi:10.1007/s10902-_PHONE_-4
- 370 Downloads
This study examines the subjective wellbeing of Australian adults with diabetes who completed the Diabetes MILES—Australia survey, investigating by diabetes type and treatment, and by comparing with the subjective wellbeing of the general Australian adult population. In addition, the extent to which depression and socio-demographic factors account for subjective wellbeing is investigated. People with type 1 or type 2 diabetes have significantly lower subjective wellbeing compared to the general population, even after controlling for covariates (demographic and socio-economic status, diabetes duration, body mass index, number of diabetes-related complications, and depression). Furthermore, adults with type 2 diabetes using insulin to manage their condition report the lowest levels of subjective wellbeing, and are also most likely to report dissatisfaction with their current health. These findings suggest that living with diabetes, and in particular, living with type 2 diabetes and using insulin, strongly challenges the maintenance of subjective wellbeing.


In India, How Do Rooftop Gardens Grow?
HYDERABAD, India -- Can growing vegetables on India's slum rooftops and holding cooking classes in slum alleyways make a difference?
That is the contention of a new program that's about to begin in a 100-acre slum in the capital city of India's southern state of Andhra Pradesh. The country has seen hundreds of programs over the years designed to combat malnutrition. The latest aims to clear out the garbage, create a patchwork of small organic farms to grow vegetables that can be sold in the market, and then employ a team of 23 local women to demonstrate healthy cooking and good food hygiene.
The project is based on research by Erik Simanis, co-director of the "Base of the Pyramid Protocol" at Cornell University in New York, a 3-year-old program that seeks to improve nutrition standards among the poor. He says it aims to develop understanding about the importance of micro-nutrients -- minerals and vitamins traditionally not found in high quantities in India's high-carbohydrate diet.
There's a commercial twist. The project is being funded and supported by The Solae Company, a joint venture of DuPont Co. and Bunge Ltd. Solae is sending employees to help train the cooks and is donating soy protein for the cooking classes in an effort to beef up the nutritional benefits of the meals.
But the program's ultimate goal is to establish a "culinary park network" on the rooftops so local women can grow their own vegetables and then turn surplus into meals for sale. The first gardens will be laid with topsoil in April and the first crops of tomatoes, spices, chilies, eggplant, mushrooms and leafy green vegetables is expected by the end of the year. The slum houses about 100,000 residents.
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text:
To Prescribe or Not To Prescribe? Surrogate Decision Making For Life-Enhancing Products
Journal of Consumer Research, vol.
With rapid biotechnological advances in specialty drugs and direct-to-consumer advertising, consumers are under tremendous pressure to look, perform, feel, and live better. This is often accomplished through the use of life-enhancing products, sometimes referred to as performance-enhancing products, which can be accessed only through a gatekeeper, such as a physician. Integrating consumer and medical research, this article investigates how physicians make trade-offs between objective medical and nonmedical factors to determine consumers' access to life-enhancing products by examining US pediatric endocrinologists' prescription decisions for growth hormone (GH) for healthy but short children. The results of a conjoint study indicate that consumer medical criteria have less impact on a physician's decision to prescribe GH if the consumer requests a prescription or the physician believes in the intangible product benefits, and more impact when the product is more expensive. A physician's length of experience increases the impact of consumer medical criteria and decreases the influence of a consumer's preference for a prescription on the decision to prescribe. Overall, this research shows that not all consumers have equal access to life-enhancing products; their access depends on a complex combination of medical and nonmedical factors related to the consumer, product, and the physician.


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Distributed SECONDO: A Highly Available and Scalable System for Spatial Data Processing
Cassandra is a highly available and scalable data store but it provides only limited capabilities for data analyses. However, database management systems (DBMS) provide a lot of functions to analyze data but most of them scale poorly. In this paper, a novel method is proposed to couple Cassandra with a DBMS. The result is a highly available and scalable system that provides all the functions from the DBMS in a distributed manner. Cassandra is used as a data store and the DBMS Secondo is used as a query processing engine. Secondo is an extensible DBMS, it provides various data models, e.g. models for spatial data and moving objects data. With Distributed Secondo functions like spatial joins can be performed distributed and parallelized on many computers.
- 1.Güting, R.H., Behr, T., Düntgen, C.: SECONDO: a platform for moving objects database research and for publishing and integrating research implementations. IEEE Data Eng. Bull. 33(2), 56–63 (2010)Google Scholar
- 2.Lu, J., Güting, R.H.: Parallel SECONDO: a practical system for large-scale processing of moving objects. In: IEEE 30th International Conference on Data Engineering, Chicago, ICDE, pp. 1190–1193 (2014)Google Scholar
- 3.Dean, J., Ghemawat, S.: MapReduce: simplified data processing on large clusters. In: Proceedings of the 6th Conference on Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation, OSDI 2004, vol. 6, San Francisco, pp, 137–150 (2004)Google Scholar
- 7.Open Street Map. _URL_


Why are there stipulations on the approval certificates?
Restrictions and conditions related to an approval are listed as stipulations on an approval certificate. Stipulations are approval specific and are requirements in addition to the requirements of the rules and regulations governing water or wastewater treatment facilities, reclaimed water facilities or reuse water systems.
Stipulations listed on an Approval to Construct, Interim Approval to Construct, Approval to Commence Operations or Approval to Decommission certificate must be completed before proceeding to the next step of the approval process.
Stipulations listed on an Approval of Construction, Approval of Blending Plan or Approval to Proceed certificate become the restrictions and conditions of the operating permit issued by the Maricopa County Environmental Services Department for a facility or system. For more information, please call _PHONE_.
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3. When is an approval required?
4. How are approvals made?
5. What are approval certificates?
6. Why are there stipulations on the approval certificates?
9. When can I start construction on my project?
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text:
- Carbohydrate composition
- Stereochemistry of sugar residues
- Polysaccharide linkage analysis
GC is the method of choice for glycosyl-residue identification (i.e., the sugar components that make up polysaccharides and oligosaccharides). Two basic derivitization techniques allow for the necessary volatilization and ultimate separation of each glycosyl residue that is released from the polymers by the initial acid hydrolysis. The standard alditol acetate derivitization (or acetylation) technique is highly reproducible and enables the identification of neutral sugar components. A TMS-methyl glucoside techniques expands the analysis to the acidic components, such as the galacturonic acid residues that constitute common pectin. A variation of this second technique is used to determine the d or l configuration of each sugar component.
In addition to glycosyl-residue identification, the methylation of polysaccharides prior to acid hydrolysis and acetylation facilitates the identification of the glycosyl residue linkage points. This is essential to understanding the nature and identity of the polysaccharides.


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EA-1482: Finding of No Significant Impact
Pilot Experiment for Geological Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide in Saline Aquifer Brine Formations, Frio Formation, Liberty County, Texas
DOE has prepared an environmental assessment to analyze the potential environmental consequences of a proposal to provide approximately $2.5 million for a field test of the geological sequestration of carbon dioxide in saline aquifer brice formations.


Size specific dose estimate
Andrew Murphy and Dr Matt A. Morgan et al.
Size specific dose estimate (SSDE) measured in mGy, is a method of estimating CT radiation dose that takes a patient's size into account.
CTDIvol and DLP are common methods to estimate a patient's radiation exposure from a CT procedure. The exposures are the same regardless of patient size, but the size of the patients is a factor in the overall patient's absorbed dose.
Coefficients were developed to help transform a patient's exposure to absorbed dose if the AP and lateral dimensions of the patient are provided. Various methods are discussed in the reference articles.
SSDE does not take the organs in the CT scan's field of view into account, so it is not a measure of effective dose.
Imaging technology
Article information
rID: 57926
Synonyms or Alternate Spellings:
 - Size specific dose estimates
 - SSDE
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Graph-based Semi-Supervised Learning in Acoustic Modeling for Automatic Speech Recognition
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Acoustic models require a large amount of training data. However, lots of labor is required to annotate the training data for automatic speech recognition. More importantly, the performance of the acoustic model could degenerate during test time, where the conditions of test data differ from the training data in speaker characteristics, channel and recording environment. To compensate for the deviation between training and test conditions, we investigate a graph-based semi-supervised learning approach to acoustic modeling in automatic speech recognition. Graph-based semi-supervised learning (SSL) is a widely used semi-supervised learning method in which the labeled data and unlabeled data are jointly represented as a weighted graph, and the information is propagated from the labeled data to the unlabeled data. The key assumption that graph-based SSL makes is that data samples lie on a low dimensional manifold, where samples that are close to each other are expected to have the same class label. More importantly, by exploiting the relationship between training and test samples, graph-based SSL implicitly adapts to the test data. In this thesis, we address several key challenges in applying graph-based SSL to acoustic modeling. We first investigate and compare several state-of-the-art graph-based SSL algorithms on a benchmark dataset. In addition, we propose novel graph construction methods that allow graph-based SSL to handle variable-length input features. We next investigate the efficacy of graph-based SSL in context of a fully-fledged DNN-based ASR system. We compare two different integration frameworks for graph-based learning. First, we propose a lattice-based late integration framework that combines graph-based SSL with the DNN-based acoustic modeling and evaluate the framework on continuous word recognition tasks. Second, we propose an early integration framework using neural graph embeddings and compare two different neural graph embedding features that capture the information of the manifold at different levels. The embedding features are used as input to a DNN system and are shown to outperform the conventional acoustic feature inputs on several medium-to-large vocabulary conversational speech recognition tasks.
- Electrical engineering