text:
Another method of filtering projects or activities in Activity Center is by dates.
- Start date
- End date
- Creation date
- Actual completion date
Filtering procedure is essentially whatever date you want to filter by. What is described below is for project start date.
To filter projects by start date:
- Open Activity Center.
- Click the advanced filters button ().
- Go to Resources & Constraints tab.
- Under Dates, click the 'More' button to access available date filters.
- Select the appropriate filter (Project start date).
- Select one or both of two options:
- Under Filter by timeframe, select an option and click 'Apply'.
- Under Filter by period, select a date range and click 'Apply'.
- The list will be updated to show only projects that meet the selected filter.
The filters appears as a box above the project list.
To cancel the active filter or filters, close the respective box(es) by clicking the 'X' at their top right corner.


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What is a parsnip? And why it's a must-have to your dishes!
Parsnips aren't part of the commonly used vegetable group, which is why you might find yourself wondering, "what's a parsnip?" once you come across this curious vegetable.
And while it isn't popular like its peers, such as carrots or turnips, a parsnip makes a great addition to both sweet and savory dishes.
This unique vegetable holds many benefits. It can also be used in many dishes, both cooked and uncooked. It also brings a warm, distinct flavor to all your recipes.
Here's what you need to know about parsnips and how you can use them.
What is a parsnip?
Originating from Eurasia, parsnips are similar to carrots. They are long-rooted vegetables that grow underground and feature a light, creamy color when ready to harvest.
Parsnips are widely available in fall through spring because these are the seasons when they are the freshest.
Though parsnips are often confused with carrots, there is one very distinct difference between them.
Parsnips have a pale, creamy, whitish color and come with a buttery taste that is different from carrots.
Although parsnips are considered biennial plants (which means they take up to two years to complete their growth cycle), they usually aren't edible if they are not harvested after their first year of growth.
What do parsnips taste like?
Parsnips don't only look like pale versions of carrots, but they also have a similar taste.
Like carrots, parsnips have an underlying sweetness to them. However, unlike carrots, parsnips have a tinge of spice and bitterness paired with their sweet flavor.
Because they grow underground, their flavor is also earthy but starchy, like potatoes.
Staying underground for so long comes with its own benefits: When parsnips mature underground during the winter frost, they tend to become sweeter and more buttery than they were before.
How to store parsnips
Luckily, parsnips aren't the kind of vegetable that goes bad if you don't use them immediately.
You can store parsnips for up to two to three weeks in your refrigerator. Remember to remove the tops off of the vegetable or they can dry out the parsnip over time.
You can place them in a loose, plastic bag before storing them in the fridge. On the other hand, if you're storing cooked parsnips, they can only last for around two to three days before going bad.
You can also freeze them for as long as ten months if you wash, scrub, cut them up into little cubes, and blanch them before placing them in a freezer bag.
How do you cook parsnips?
There are several ways to cook parsnips. You can boil, roast, or sautee them.
To find the best parsnips for your recipe, look for ones that are smaller and straighter. Big parsnips may be tempting, but they have a less dynamic taste and don't bring much flavor to your dishes. They're also harder to chew even after being cooked.
You can make sweet dishes with roasted parsnips, or an alternative to mashed potatoes with mashed parsnips instead.
You can prepare parsnip recipes in the oven, on the stove, in the microwave, and some recipes don't require cooking the parsnips at all.
Parsnips can also be served with stews, chilis, chicken, and beef. They can be added to salads as well or used as the primary serving (such as with parsnip rice).
Once you've selected your parsnips, scrub them with a vegetable brush and wash them.
Do you have to peel parsnips?
It's better not to peel parsnips. It's preferable to use a vegetable brush to scrub the outer layer of the parsnip before you use it for your recipe.
Is parsnip a root vegetable?
Is a parsnip a vegetable? Yes, parsnip is a root vegetable that grows underground. It can take up to two years for a parsnip to complete its full growth cycle, which is why it is only available for half the year at farmer's markets.
This is also the reason it has a starchy, earthy taste typical to underground vegetables such as potatoes.
The bottom line
Hopefully, the essential details surrounding parsnips have encouraged you to try parsnips out for yourself.
With their versatility and unique flavor, you won't regret your decision—whether you use them in sweet dishes or include them in your main course!
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text: Aseptic loosening attributed to cement fracture and the subsequent disruption of fixation interfaces remains a major long-term failure mode of cemented arthroplasty. Knowledge of the fracture strength of bone cement, especially in fatigue, is an important indicator of cement integrity and the potential for fixation failure. In current practice, orthopaedic surgeons may choose to utilize antibiotics in bone cement for prophylaxis or treatment of a known infection. However, the antibiotics, bone cements and mixing methodologies employed lead to variability in the quality of the end product. During 2003, several orthopaedic manufacturers received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 510[k] clearance for their pre-packaged antibiotic-loaded bone cement for use in the second stage of a two-stage revision situation where the initial infection has been cleared. This availability provides a more uniform cement mix with known mechanical and elution characteristics at the 0.5 to 1.0g level of antibiotic per 40g of polymer powder. This study evaluated the influence of antibiotic inclusion on the porosity, strength and fatigue life of Surgical Simplex P bone cement when employing both vacuum and hand mixing technologies.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


[0 1 0]
 'blue', [0 0 1]
 ii = find(strcmp(color_table(:,1), name ));
 clr_mat(c,:) = color_table{ii,2};
 The problem with containers.Map, in my opinion, is that the key and the value are physically separated. If you want to add one value to the table, you need to edit your function in two places.
 The switch statement really shines when you need to execute different bits of code based on an input, it's not so useful for a simple table lookup.
 I like your method for some applications.
 In the particular case I showed however, I am doing more than a simple table lookup. Instead, I am trying to take an input string of color characters and build an Mx3 matrix of RGB triplets.
 For example, if someone provides the input 'rygb', I want to build the matrix [1 0 0; 1 1 0; 0 1 0; 0 0 1].
 The colors need to be in the correct order, and if someone provides an invalid color character, I want to ignore it.
 To achieve this with your method, I need to do the following:
 color_table = {
 'r', [1 0 0] % red
 'g', [0 1 0] % green
 'b', [0 0 1] % blue
 'y', [1 1 0] % yellow
 'c', [0 1 1] % cyan
 'm', [1 0 1] % magenta
 'p', [1 0.5] % pink
 'o', [1.5 0] % orange
 'l', [.5 1 0] % lime green
 'a', [0 1.5] % aquamarine
 's', [0.5 1] % sky blue
 'v', [.5 0 1] % violet
 'k', [.5.5.5] % grayscale
 'w', [.5.5.5] % grayscale
 num_clrs = length(input(:));
 clr_mat = zeros(num_clrs,3);
 c = 0;
 for k = 1:num_clrs
 c = c + 1;
 ii = find(strcmp(color_table(:,1),lower(input(k))));
 if ~isempty(ii)
 c = c - 1;
 clr_mat = clr_mat(1:c,:);
 if ~isempty(clr_mat)
 clrs = clr_mat
 In my opinion, my SWITCH statement is more compact and readable. I may use your method for other things though… :o)
 A not very clearly documented feature of the switch/case construct that I've found useful is that it's much more general than the examples might lead you to believe. All the examples I've seen have been of the form:
 switch x
 case v1
 case v2
 where x is a variable or expression, and each of the vi are numeric or string constants or cells arrays comprised thereof.
 But this also works:
 switch true
 case exp1
 case exp2
 where each of the expi are logical expressions. The first that evaluates as true has its branch executed.
 Can you use conditional statments in a switch statment for example:
 switch num
 case num<-2
 disp('Num less than -2′)
 I like the switch syntax since the code is so easy for most people to read.
 However, I don't like how it "artificially" drives the McCabe Clclomatic complexity index high. Thus, when I document a function that I've written, & include the output from Code Metrics, I have to write some text to discuss why, for example, the complexity index is 14 rather than my target of less than 10.
 In many cases, my co-workers & I look at the function in detail & decide that it is clearer to use the switch-case syntax & accept the higher index rather than dividing the function into sub-functions just to get the index below 10.
 I'm under the impression that using if-ifelse syntax will result in the same complexity index as the switch-case syntax. Yet, the switch-case syntax is usually clear.
 Maybe I need to invent an Oyster Complexity Index that excludes the effect of the switch-case syntax.
 I appreciate Iain's discussion of decision tables from Code Complete. I browsed thru our copy & see how to implement such a thing in readable code.
 if-else will result in the same complexity as switch. We often make the same trade-off you do, to keep a switch statement instead of having some very small subfunctions. There is a reason switch drives up the complexity though. The number of possible paths through the code does indeed go up, just as in an if-else situation.


text: Earth-abundant potassium is a promising alternative to lithium in rechargeable batteries, but a pivotal limitation of potassium-ion batteries is their relatively low capacity and poor cycling stability. Here, a high-performance potassium-ion battery is achieved by employing few-layered antimony sulfide/carbon sheet composite anode fabricated via one-step high-shear exfoliation in ethanol/water solvent. Antimony sulfide with few-layered structure minimizes the volume expansion during potassiation and shortens the ion transport pathways, thus enhancing the rate capability; while carbon sheets in the composite provide electrical conductivity and maintain the electrode cycling stability by trapping the inevitable by-product, elemental sulfur. Meanwhile, the effect of the exfoliation solvent on the fabrication of two-dimensional antimony sulfide/carbon is also investigated. It is found that water facilitates the exfoliation by lower diffusion barrier along the direction of antimony sulfide, while ethanol in the solvent acts as the carbon source for in situ carbonization.


text:
Siebel Business Process Designer Administration Guide > For Developers: Understanding How Workflow Processes Are Designed > Building Long-Running Workflow Processes >
Assigning Subprocesses to End Users to Create Collaborative Long-Running Workflows
Using the subprocess step, you can configure workflows that assign interactive subprocess workflows to end users to create collaborative workflow processes. An example of a collaborative workflow is one that includes a requirement for approvals; the route the workflow takes as tasks is a route across multiple users.
Use the Step Recipient field on a subprocess step to create collaborative workflows. Assignment occurs based on the login name, not on the Position or User ID. This login name may be a literal value, it may be held in a process property or a buscomp field, or it may be the result of an expression.
NOTE: The Process Designer cannot validate the data supplied to make sure that it represents a valid login name at design time.
To assign subprocesses to end users
- Create a subprocess step.
- Right-click the subprocess step and choose Show Recipients.
- In the WF Step Recipients applet, set the Recipient Name field to the login name of the assignee (the end user who will be assigned the subprocess).


text:
We evaluated the dynamics of walleye Sander vitreus population size structure, as indexed by the proportional size distribution (PSD) of quality-length fish, in Escanaba Lake during 1967–2003 and in 204 other lakes in northern Wisconsin during 1990–2011. We estimated PSD from angler-caught walleyes in Escanaba Lake and from spring electrofishing in 204 other lakes, and then related PSD to annual estimates of recruitment to age-3, length at age 3, and annual angling exploitation rate. In Escanaba Lake during 1967–2003, annual estimates of PSD were highly dynamic, growth (positively) explained 35% of PSD variation, recruitment explained only 3% of PSD variation, and exploitation explained only 7% of PSD variation. In 204 other northern Wisconsin lakes during 1990–2011, PSD varied widely among lakes, recruitment (negatively) explained 29% of PSD variation, growth (positively) explained 21% of PSD variation, and exploitation explained only 4% of PSD variation. We conclude that population size structure was most strongly driven by recruitment and growth, rather than exploitation, in northern Wisconsin walleye populations. Studies of other species over wide spatial and temporal ranges of recruitment, growth, and mortality are needed to determine which dynamic rate most strongly influences population size structure of other species. Our findings indicate a need to be cautious about assuming exploitation is a strong driver of walleye population size structure.
Additional publication details
Effects of recruitment, growth, and exploitation on walleye population size structure in northern Wisconsin lakes


Synonyms for sever
Synonyms for (verb) sever
Synonyms: sever, lop, discerp
Definition: cut off from a whole
Usage: His head was severed from his body; The soul discerped from the body
Similar words: cut
Definition: separate with or as if with an instrument
Usage: Cut the rope
Synonyms: break up, sever
Definition: set or keep apart
Usage: sever a relationship
Similar words: disunite, divide, part, separate
Definition: force, take, or pull apart
Usage: He separated the fighting children; Moses parted the Red Sea
Visual thesaurus for sever


text:
Assembly: PresentationFramework (in PresentationFramework.dll)
This method pauses the storyboard, but has no discernible effect if it is not active or currently paused. As a side effect, all associated children are also paused.
A controllable storyboard can pause, resume, seek, stop, and be removed. To make a storyboard controllable in code, you must use the appropriate overload of the storyboard's Begin method and specify true to make it controllable. For an example, see How to: Control a Storyboard After It Starts.
Beginning a Paused Storyboard
When you Begin a storyboard that was paused, it appears to resume and restart. However, that is not what actually happens. The Begin method actually replaces the paused Storyboard with a new unpaused version. Each time the Begin method is called, clock objects are created for the storyboard. These clocks are distributed to the properties they animate. So, when the Begin method is called again, it does not restart its clocks; it replaces them with new clocks.
Windows 8, Windows Server 2012, Windows 7, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 (Server Core Role not supported), Windows Server 2008 R2 (Server Core Role supported with SP1 or later; Itanium not supported)
The.NET Framework does not support all versions of every platform. For a list of the supported versions, see.NET Framework System Requirements.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Where can I get the latest Intel® Network Drivers?
Intel Network Drivers are available through:
Intel® Device Update Utility
What do the numbers and letters on the bar code label on Intel adapters mean?
The markings vary depending on the model and age of the adapter. Here is a general guide:
- 6 digits - 3 digits (example 761767-003) - Adapter printed board assembly number. The first six digits (alpha or alpha-numeric) identify the product. The 3 digits following represent minor revisions that have no effect on functionality and can be ignored.
- 12 characters (example 0007E90018EA) - MAC address, also known as the Ethernet ID. This address is stored on the card. Every network adapter has a unique MAC address. The unique number identifies the adapter on the network.
- 5 digits (example 36013) - Manufacturing code used by Intel for internal tracking purposes.
||6 digit - 3 digit codes in other locations represent individual component part numbers and should be ignored when identifying the adapter. These codes can be on the metal bracket and the MP and PB numbers are silk-screened onto the board, |
Does the adapter have a BIOS, and should I update the firmware?
Intel® PRO/100 adapters do not have a BIOS of any kind. The firmware stored in the flash chip on the adapter is the Intel® Boot Agent. The Intel Boot Agent is used to remote boot the computer in diskless workstations (that boot the OS from a server, not a local disk drive), or in conjunction with network management programs that use the PXE protocol to download service modules before the OS boots. If you are not using the Intel Boot Agent, you can ignore it or turn it off.
How can I stop the Boot Agent Message from showing up when I boot?
To prevent the Boot Agent from trying to remote boot your computer, enter your computer BIOS setup and find the boot order settings (sometimes called the Boot Device Priority). If your computer supports the automatic detection of bootable devices, the Intel Boot Agent is listed, or IBA will display followed by the revision number. Move the Intel Boot Agent down in the order past the hard drive.
If the Intel Boot Agent is not listed in the BIOS boot order setting, you can change the setting in the Boot Agent configuration menu. When the Intel Boot Agent message displays on the screen during boot-up, press the Control key and the letter S at the same time. Change the Boot Order on that screen.
You can turn off the boot agent entirely by using the IBAUTIL utility. This utility is supplied in the Boot Agent download, and in the archive PROUTIL.
This applies to:


, books, equipment, food, institutional costs, and other miscellaneous expenses. With all costs factored in, traditional administrative assistant associate programs are typically more expensive than their digital counterparts.
As a whole, inclusive of online and certificate programs, the average tuition fees of undergraduate administrative assistant programs are $4,157 for residents and $9,161 for out-of-state learners (College Tuition Compare, 2020). Meanwhile, graduate programs cost $8,688 in-state and $12,726 out-of-state.
Is an online administrative assistant degree worth it?
An online administrative assistant degree is certainly worth it. The variety of skills a student learns, from clerical work to accounting principles, can land them a job in pretty much any industry. Their career path is also clear-cut, as administrative assistants can eventually become executive assistants, office administrators, office managers, and project managers.
The same can be said for holders of industry-specific administrative assistant degrees. In fact, medical administrative assistants have been proven to foster efficiency in the workplace, which is why the position is currently in demand.
This is echoed in "Implementing Resident Team Assistant Programs at Academic Medical Centers: Lessons Learned" published in the Journal of Graduate Medical Education. According to the researchers, the employment of resident assistants has "positively impacted the administrative task burden and job satisfaction of the residents while maintaining high acceptability from the hospital staff, patients, families, and community pediatricians. They have been considerably feasible in terms of costs and effort by the institutions (Takei et al., 2020)."
Source: College Tuition Compare 2021
What are the requirements of an online administrative assistant associate degree?
The requirements of online degrees tend to vary by institution. Some barely have any while others are similar to traditional degrees. But in a lot of cases, the requirements for online administrative assistant associate degrees are fewer than traditional ones.
Admission Requirments
In many cases, applicants will have to submit their transcript of grades and a high school diploma or its GED equivalent, but there are also institutions, like some community colleges, that forego those and focus on performance requirements. To be safe, it is better to have a copy of the transcript and diploma beforehand in case they are needed. Applicants can also submit letters of recommendation written by former teachers and/or employers. A resume might be required for applicants who have held jobs previously.
In addition, applicants could need to demonstrate their proficiency through one or a combination of tests.
 - Accuplacer score of at least 71 to 100 in reading, 50 in mathematics, and 5 in writing
 - A high score in the SAT or ACT
 - Minimum TOEFL score of 550 (paper-based) or 79 (internet-based), with 20/30 grades on reading and writing (for international applicants)
 - Cambridge English Scale score of 180 in reading and writing (for international students)
 - IELTS score of 6.5 in reading and writing (for international students)
Besides U.S. territories, countries that predominantly use the English language might be exempted from submitting English proficiency scores. In this scenario, the school will evaluate an applicant's English and reading proficiency through their transcript.
Should students wish to pursue a bachelor's degree later in the same institution, they need not resubmit the aforesaid requirements in most cases. They can also leverage the credits they earned during their associate program so that they do not need to retake the same classes as they take up a bachelor's degree. It is a likely outcome considering that a slight majority (27%) of executive assistants and administrative assistants hold bachelor's degrees (Zippia, 2021).
TOEFL exam score requirement
General Requirements
Students looking to become administrative assistants must possess or hone a certain set of skills. These enable them to perform their coursework with ease as well as become competitive in the industry as they enter the workforce. Some examples include:
 - Communication skills. The job of an administrative assistant entails quite a lot of written and verbal communication. This can range from composing emails, answering calls, preparing speeches, drafting memos, to taking calls, and participating in meetings. As such, it is critical that you have mastery of grammar, practice proper pronunciation, have clear diction, and have an innate skill for using the right tone for every workplace situation.
 - Organization skills. Administrative assistants are the right-hand of executives. They need to manage an array of tasks to enable higher-ranking officials of an organization to perform their duties seamlessly. This involves filing paperwork, planning, maintaining schedules, and the like. So, administrative assistants should have strong organizational skills that will allow them to serve as extensions of executives.
 - Technological know-how. As an assistant, you will most likely handle correspondence on the computer, prepare documents, and schedule calendars. As such, you are expected to know your way around word processors, spreadsheet platforms, and other office productivity tools.
What are the technological requirements of students for 0nline learning?
A student should have the necessary equipment to be able to take online classes. After all, a lot of institutions leverage some of the best LMS for schools, and these platforms may require fairly new computers, updated operating systems, and high-speed internet. These requirements include:
 - PC or Mac desktop or laptop computer
 - Monitor
 - Speakers
 - Webcam
 - Headset
 - Microphone
 - Windows 8.1 or higher/OS 10.14 or higher
 - Internet download speed of 10 Mbps
 - Upload speed of 2 Mbps
Source: Zippia 2021
Courses to Expect in an Online Administrative Assistant Associate Degree
Administrative assistants own a wide range of competencies, and this is reflected in the roster of online degree courses offered by most schools. Some programs have a more in-depth approach to certain courses but the types of subjects taken are often similar. So what exactly are these courses?
 - Principles of Accounting/Bookkeeping: This course imparts knowledge of the basic accounting cycle typically used by retail and service businesses. The topics covered include recording transactions, preparing financial statements, identifying and analyzing business transactions, and payroll procedures.
 - Business Communications: This course covers the modes of communication that administrative assistants handle like writing and composing letters, memos, business reports, business cards, and brochures. It emphasizes proper grammar, punctuation usage, and, in some cases, corporate vernacular.
 - Business Office Management: Administrative assistants offer support in a lot of ways, and they will be tackled in this course. Students will learn general knowledge of organizing workspaces, setting and organizing meetings, time management, transcription, and producing office documents.
 - Desktop Publishing: In conjunction with learning proper business communication is its computerized application. This course teaches students how to write various documents and the application of graphics for posters and presentations. Moreover, it introduces the mechanics of widely used desktop publishing software.
 - Business Mathematics: Reports, presentations, and other pertinent documents will require math. This course covers this along with the rationale behind each.
 - Public Speaking: Presentations, meetings, and team tasks require oral communication. As such, this course covers the preparation and delivery of different types of speeches and the process of oral communication in a professional setting.
 - Supervisory Leadership: Some schools include leadership training in their curricula since administrative assistants are likely to become managers in the long run. With this, the course tackles the different kinds of leadership, their application, and how they can increase productivity. Also included are lessons on delegation, evaluating performance, and motivation.
Besides the aforesaid courses, there are other major subjects that will be taken up should a student enroll in an industry-specific administrative assistant program. For instance, legal administrative assistant degrees have basic law courses while medical administrative assistant degrees carry medical subjects.
Upon mastering the courses, learners can apply their skills in a wide variety of industries, including high-paying ones. An ideal landing spot for graduates is to become an executive secretary, with an annual wage of $63,110, or a legal administrative assistant ($48,980), but similar positions in other industries also pay well.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2021
Things to Look for in an Online Administrative Assistant Associate Degree
While a lot of post-secondary institutions offer online administrative assistant associate degrees, there are programs that cater to the specific needs of certain learners, from accessibility to the financial requirements and support provided. Meeting one's personal standards certainly enhances the learning experience.
Availability and Accessibility
Mobility is currently a big deal given the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, prompting the need for distance learning, especially for learners who reside in areas that were hit hard. Thankfully, purely online administrative assistant associate degrees are widely available, as are administrative assistant certificate programs. There are also institutions that offer hybrid degrees to those who prefer to have a mix of online and classroom exercises. The lessons typically do not require immersive labwork or fieldwork so taking the program online does not compromise learning.
A lot of online administrative assistant programs are open to international students while the degrees awarded are recognized internationally. International applicants, however, should keep in mind that they need to take and pass standardized tests that ascertain their proficiency in the language of instruction. For instance, applicants should score at least 20/30 in the TOEFL reading exam.
Hidden Costs and Support Services
Some institutions might not reflect additional charges on top of their listed tuition fees nor, for those that charge high rates, immediately provide a breakdown of costs. It is important to note that online education has its own set of expenses. For instance, charges are added to accommodate teachers and to train them for online instruction. Technical support also merits expenses. Furthermore, some


How to remove string character using index in Dart
Introduction :
Sometimes we need to remove one character from a string using its index. The string is immutable. We can't modify it. The only way is to create one different new string from the old one.
In this post, I will show you how to remove one character from a string using its index in dart.
How to solve it :
To solve this problem, we will create two substrings from the original string. One from index 0 to just before the character that we are removing and another from the character just after the character that we are removing. We will join these two substrings to get the final required string.
For example, if our string is Helllo and if we want to remove the character at index 2, we will join two substrings: the first one from index 0 to 1 and the second one from index 3 to the end.
substring method :
Generating a substring from a string is easy. Dart provides one method called substring that returns one substring from a string. This method is defined as below :
substring(startIndex, [endIndex])
Here, startIndex is the starting index of the string that we will get the substring from. endIndex is optional. If we don't provide it, it will take the substring to the end of the given string.
Below is the final program :
void main() {
 String givenStr = 'Helllo';
 int i = 4;
 String finalStr = givenStr.substring(0, i) + givenStr.substring(i + 1);
It will print the below output :
Similar tutorials :
Where is the color and why codevscolor?


When Was The Whiteboard Invented?
3 Answers
amber Jhon Profile
amber Jhon answered
Whiteboards have evolved from chalkboards and the very first enamel-on-steel write-on/ wipe-off magnetic whiteboard was created in UK by Magiboards.
Slates boards on walls were used in 1801, and in 1850's blackboards were introduced. Near about 1990's whiteboards were introduced but
there were very expensive.
In the mid 1990s, the popularity of whiteboards increased and they became an important fixture of meeting rooms, business environment and educational institutes. Over the last ten years the enamel-on-steel magnetic whiteboards have passed through a number of transformations and there are a number of people which are involved in bringing these transformations.
Ellie Hoe Profile
Ellie Hoe answered
The first pcorcelain-on-steel write-on/ wipe-off magneti whiteboard was created by Magiboards in America in mid 90's. It has hard surface and was an ideal alternative to chalkboard. In the past this porcelain board has gone through many changes and the Whiteboard is its final version. Like the surface of the board has become smoother and cleaner, glare has been reduced, ink pen are used instead of chalk and so on. The Whiteboard has lots of advantages and one of the main advantages is that most of the people are allergic to dust; the whiteboard markers doesn't make the dust that comes from writing with chalk and from erasing it.
Anonymous Profile
Anonymous answered
Answer Question


text:
Activity is one of noticeable features of Traveler. It is separate from other features, so you can turn Traveler into a website only for travel activities.
1. Add a list of activities on Home page
You only need to add a new row then use element ST List of Activity to enter information:
- List ID in Activity : Take out special activities in this list by ID([Activity ID]), each item separated by a comma.
- Number : how many activities you want to show.
- Order By : how you arrange list.
- None : take out default value
- Author : by order of authors (when an activity is contributed by several authors)
- Title : by name of the post
- Type : by type of activities
- Date : from latest day or oldest day
- Modified : by order of modified time (In case you update promotion or information and want to highlight them in the beginning of the page)
- Rand : Order randomly
- Comment Count : order by the number of comments on each Activity ( in case authors activate comment feature of each activity. The more comments activity has, the more it's moved to first lines.
- Price : order by price of activities and services
- Rate: Order by review ( star vote)
- Discount rate: Order by discount schedule.
- Order : arrange list ascendingly or descendingly
- Number of row : number of items in each line
- Only in Featured Location : If you want to take out all newest activities in famous location (set as Featured) just choose YES
- Location : if you want to take out all activities in ONLY one location, enter it here.
- Sort By Taxonomy : if you want to order items by categories.
2. Layout Activity Detail
To create an Activity layout showing detailed information, you need to use the following elements:
3. Layout Search Activity
To create a layout for searching activities, you need to use: ST Single Search(form Search is Activity) and information such as outstanding activites or famous spots.
4. Layout Search Result for Activity
To create a layout for showing activity search results, you need to use ST Activity Search Result to get results and ST Filter to filter results by some critearia.


text:
DAKAR: Pieces of pottery, iron tools and jewellery dating back thousands of years have been discovered in Dakar after recent torrential rains flooded some suburbs, university researchers told AFP on Monday.
Moustapha Sall, a lecturer and researcher at Dakar's Cheick Anta Diop university said he happened upon the items by chance during a visit to the suburb of Ouest-Foire in the north-east of the capital after the rains on August 26.
"While visiting the flooded zone, I stumbled upon... pieces of pottery, perforated shells reused as jewellery, iron scoria and small stones including blades which could have been used to cut or carve," said Sall.
"The water washed away the sand and revealed these archeological objects."
Sall said the area was home to several construction sites, where workers said they had come across pieces of pottery and shells, which could hinder any future archeological digs.
"We will do an analysis of the objects discovered and send them to a laboratory" at the university which specialises in dating historical items, Sall said.
Another researcher at the university, Alioune Deme, said the objects could date back between 2,000 and 7,000 BC.


text:
Definition of cannonball in English:
1A round metal or stone projectile fired from a cannon in former times.
- Mortars, as seen in the top right and bottom left hand pictures, were used to fire cannonballs over walls into a courtyard to kill soldiers and cause general damage.
- Dozens of rounds of ammo, bombs and even cannonballs are fired at the trio, yet don't produce one scratch.
- Also uncovered were musket balls, cannonballs, a grenade and tools.
1.1 (also cannonball dive) North American A jump into water performed upright with the knees clasped to the chest.
- She ran down the hill, off the deck, and did a cannonball into the water.
- Yukirin quickly leaped into the water, doing a cannonball and splashing Fiona.
- Suddenly, Tyler did a cannonball into the water.
Words that rhyme with cannonballrollerball • butterball
Definition of cannonball in:
- British & World English dictionary
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text:
Sharing skills and knowledge
National Museums share skills and knowledge about collections and museum practice with colleagues in museums, galleries, heritage organisations and higher education institutions across the UK.
This forms an important part of their engagement with UK partners. The sharing of skills and knowledge can be achieved through specific projects and programmes, by co-ordinating groups of UK experts, via structured training programmes, by focusing on particular objects or through the development of long-term partnerships. It may also be done online.
In 2011, NMDC commissioned a survey of its members to establish how members share knowledge and skills. This survey informed future NMDC-facilitated activity and a summary of this is available here.
NMDC is part of the Sharing Expertise Group and this has received funding from the Esmee Fairburn Foundation to consider how better to share knowledge and skills across the museum sector.
To find out more about NMDC members' sharing skills and knowledge activity, click on the links below.
IWM (Imperial War Museums)
Projects and Partnerships
The Gallery Nationwide
Norfolk Museums and Archaeology Service co-ordinate the Share Museums East programme.
National Museums Scotland
Tyne and Wear Museums and Archives Museum Development
The Museum of London developed longer-term partnerships and exchanged knowledge through special exhibitions. Details are in this blog. The Museum of London also has a specific role in museum development in London and this includes the sharing of skills and knowledge as well as training for volunteers. More details are available here.
NMDC members also contribute to other networks via the Subject Specialist Networks (SSNs). Some NMDC members co-ordinate an SSN and individuals from our members are involved in many more including the Dress and Textile Specialists, Museum Ethnographers Group, Pre 1900 European Paintings, Human Remains, NATSCA - Natural Sciences Collections Association, Money and Medals, Theatre Information Group, Posters, Social History Curators Group, Contemporary Studio Ceramics, Chinese Collections Network, Geological Curators Group, Scottish Transport and Industrial Collections, Screen Heritage Network, and the Association of Performing Arts Collections.
Further information about training and professional development opportunities in the museums sector can be found on the training pages of the Museums Association website. Other sources of information which have contributions from NMDC members include the London Museums Group and the Guardian Culture Professionals Network.


multiple forms returning last value
Accepts any number of forms and evaluates all of them in order, returning the last value. This is used for inserting side-effects into a form which accepts only a single value, such as in a body of an if when multiple clauses make it so you can't use when. Some lisps call this begin or progn.
(if launch-missiles?
 (promote lt-petrov))
These all work as you would expect, with a few caveats. The ~= operator is used for "not equal", and // for integer division is only available in Lua 5.3 and onward.
They all take any number of arguments, as long as that number is fixed at compile-time. For instance, (= 2 2 (unpack [2 5])) will evaluate to true because the compile-time number of values being compared is 3.
Note that these are all special forms which cannot be used as higher-order functions.
.. string concatenation
Concatenates its arguments into one string. Will coerce numbers into strings, but not other types.
Example: (.. "Hello" " " "world" 7 "!!!") -> "Hello world7!!!"
# string or table length
Returns the length of a string or table. Note that the length of a table with gaps in it is undefined; it can return a number corresponding to any of the table's "boundary" positions between nil and non-nil values. If a table has nils and you want to know the last consecutive numeric index starting at 1, you must calculate it yourself with ipairs; if you want to know the maximum numeric key in a table with nils, you can use table.maxn.
Example: (+ (# [1 2 3 nil 8]) (# "abc")) -> 6 or 8
. table lookup
Looks up a given key in a table. Multiple arguments will perform nested lookup.
Example: (. mytbl myfield)
Example: (let [t {:a [2 3 4]}] (. t :a 2)) -> 3
Note that if the field name is known at compile time, you don't need this and can just use mytbl.field.
: method call
Looks up a function in a table and calls it with the table as its first argument. This is a common idiom in many Lua APIs, including some built-in ones.
(let [f (assert (io.open "hello" "w"))]
 (: f :write "world")
 (: f :close))
Equivalent to:
 (f.write f "world")
 (f.close f))
values multi-valued return
Returns multiple values from a function. Usually used to signal failure by returning nil followed by a message.
(fn [filename]
 (if (valid-file-name? filename)
 (open-file filename)
 (values nil (.. "Invalid filename: " filename))))
while good old while loop
Loops over a body until a condition is met. Uses a native Lua while loop, so is preferable to a lambda function and tail recursion.
 (var done? false)
 (while (not done?)
 (print :not-done)
 (when (> (math.random) 0.95)
 (set done? true))))
->, ->>, -?> and -?>> threading macros
The -> macro takes its first value and splices it into the second form as the first argument. The result of evaluating the second form gets spliced into the first argument of the third form, and so on.
(-> 52
 (+ 91 2) ; (+ 52 91 2)
 (- 8) ; (- (+ 52 91 2) 8)
 (print "is the answer")) ; (print (- (+ 52 91 2) 8) "is the answer")
The ->> macro works the same, except it splices it into the last position of each form instead of the first.
-?> and -?>>, the thread maybe macros, are similar to -> & ->> but they also do checking after the evaluation of each threaded form. If the result is false or nil then the threading stops and the result is returned. -?> splices the threaded value as the first argument, like ->, and -?>> splices it into the last position, like ->>.
This example shows how to use them to avoid accidentally indexing a nil value:
(-?> {:a {:b {:c 42}}}
 (. :a)
 (. :missing)
 (. :c)) ; -> nil
(-?>> :a
 (. {:a :b})
 (. {:b :missing})
 (. {:c 42})) ; -> nil
Note that these have nothing to do with "threads" used for concurrency; they are named after the thread which is used in sewing. This is similar to the way that |> works in OCaml and Elixir.
Similarly, the doto macro splices the first value into subsequent forms. However, it keeps the same value and continually splices the same thing in rather than using the value from the previous form for the next form.
(doto (io.open "/tmp/err.log)
 (: :write contents)
 (: :close))
;; equivalent to:
(let [x (io.open "/tmp/err.log")]
 (: x :write contents)
 (: x :close)
The first form becomes the return value for the whole expression, and subsequent forms are evaluated solely for side-effects.
Requires a module at compile-time and binds its fields locally as macros.
Macros currently must be defined in separate modules. A macro module exports any number of functions which take code forms as arguments at compile time and emit lists which are fed back into the compiler. For instance, here is a macro function which implements when in terms of if and do:
(fn [condition body1...]
 (assert body1 "expected body")
 '(if _USER_
 (do _USER_ @...)))
A full explanation of how macros work is out of scope for this document, but you can think of it as a compile-time template function. The backtick on the third line creates a template for the code emitted by the macro. The @ serves as "unquote" (other lisps use, or ~ for this purpose) which splices values into the template.
In effect it turns this input:
(when (= 3 (+ 2 a))
 (print "yes")
and transforms it into this code at compile time:
(if (= 3 (+ 2 a))
 (print "yes")
See "Compiler API" below for details about additional functions visible inside compiler scope which macros run in.
Note that the macro interface is still preliminary and is subject to change over time.
Evaluate a block of code during compile-time with access to compiler scope. This gives you a superset of the features you can get with macros, but you should use macros if you can.
 (tset _SPECIALS "local" (. _SPECIALS "global")))
Compiler API
Inside eval-compiler blocks or require-macros modules, these functions are visible to your code.
Note that lists are compile-time concepts that don't exist at runtime; they are implemented as regular tables which have a special metatable to distinguish them from regular tables defined with square or curly brackets. Similarly symbols are tables with a string entry for their name and a metatable that the compiler uses to distinguish them. You can use tostring to get the name of a symbol.
Note that other internals of the compiler exposed in compiler scope are subject to change.
Fennel's Lua API
The fennel module provides the following functions.
Start a configurable repl
Takes these additional options:
The pretty-printer defaults to loading fennelview.fnl if present and falls back to tostring otherwise. fennelview.fnl will produce output that can be fed back into Fennel (other than functions, coroutines, etc) but you can use a 3rd-party pretty-printer that produces output in Lua format if you prefer.
If you don't provide allowedGlobals then it defaults to being all the globals in the environment under which the code will run. Passing in false here will disable global checking entirely.
Evaulate a string of Fennel
local result = fennel.eval(str[, options[,...]])
The options table may contain:
Additional arguments beyond options are passed to the code and available as....
Evaluate a file of Fennel
local result = fennel.dofile(filename[, options[,...]])
The env key in options and the additional arguments after it work the same as with eval above.
Use Lua's built-in require function
table.insert(package.loaders or package.searchers, fennel.searcher)
local mylib = require("mylib") -- will compile and load code in mylib.fnl
Normally Lua's require function only loads modules written in Lua, but you can install fennel.searcher into package.loaders (or in Lua 5.3+ package.searchers) to teach it how to load Fennel code.
The require function is different from fennel.dofile in that it searches the directories in fennel.path for.fnl files matching the module name, and also in that it caches the loaded value to return on subsequent calls, while fennel.dofile will reload each time. The behavior of fennel.path mirrors that of Lua's package.path.
If you install Fennel into package.loaders then you can use the 3rd-party lume.hotswap function to reload modules that have been loaded with require.
Compile a string into Lua (can throw errors)
local lua = fenn


text: Multiclass open queueing networks find wide applications in communication, computer and fabrication networks. Often one is interested in steady state performance measures associated with these systems. One can use the regenerative structure of the process to estimate the steady state performance measures via regenerative simulation. In a queueing network, if all the interarrival times are Markovian (have exponential distributions), it is easy to identify regeneration instants, e.g., an instant corresponding to an arrival to an empty network. In this presentation, we consider networks where interarrival times are generally distributed but have exponential or fatter tails. We show that such distributions can be decomposed into mixture of sums of independent random variables such that at least one of the components is exponentially distributed. This allows an embedded regenerative structure in the Markov process. We show that under mild conditions on the network primitives, the regenerative mean and standard deviation estimators are consistent and satisfy a joint central limit theorem. This is important as it allows construction of asymptotically valid confidence intervals. We show that amongst all such interarrival time decompositions, the one with largest mean exponential component minimizes the asymptotic variance of the standard deviation estimator.


text:
Changes in rates of suicide by car exhaust asphyxiation in England and Wales
Background. Self-asphyxiation using car exhaust gas is a common method of suicide in England and Wales, particularly in young males. The introduction of catalytic converters has reduced the toxicity of car exhausts. The main aims of the study were: to seek evidence of a fall in car exhaust suicides in the general population and in age and gender groups; to relate any fall to changes in car exhaust systems, particularly since legislation on car exhaust emissions in 1993; and to examine rates of suicide by other methods for evidence of method substitution.
Methods. Population study in England and Wales using national suicide statistics for 1987 to 1998.
Results. There was a fall in suicide by car exhaust asphyxiation in all age and gender groups. This change was most marked after 1993. The overall population suicide rate (all methods) also fell but there was no overall change in suicides by young males or females. In these groups suicide by hanging increased.
Conclusions. Legislation on catalytic converters appears to have contributed to a fall in car exhaust suicides. However, the effect on overall suicide rates in young people has been reduced by method substitution.
c1 Address for correspondence: Professor Louis Appleby, School of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, University of Manchester, Withington Hospital, Manchester M20 8LR.


text:
Chatoyance – Eye of the Cat:
The name "Chatoyance" originates from the French word "chatoyer," which means "to shine like a "cats eye gemstone."
Chatoyance occurs in stones that contain a large number of very thin parallel inclusions within the stone, known as a "silk."
In a chatoyant gemstone, the band of light will move back and forth beneath the surface of the gem as it is turned into a beam of incident light.
The motion of the cat's eye across the top of the gem is one of the things that make these stones so interesting, beautiful, and desired by many people.
The chatoyancy in gemstone chrysoberyl is so prominent that the term cat's eye has come to be used exclusively for it. So it should be understood that a cat's eye is not a gemstone per se, but the name of a phenomenon.
How Chatoyant Works:
In Chatoyancy stone the light wave moves back and forth underneath the Chatoyant gem surface when it is kept or placed under the beam of light.
The beam of a light wave will shift or displace if the observer moves his/her head or stone position is altered to observe stone from different angles.
Chatoyancy is observed in varying forms. First is the regular band of light that distinctly stretches across the stone. Second is the 'opening and closing effect' where there are two bands visible across the stone.
How to cut a cat's eye stone:
The cat's eye gemstone can be produced with cabochon gemstones. Thus, those gem traders who have the intent of producing cat's eye stone must first choose that stone which has a large number of silk inclusions present in the stone.
And the gem cutter should carefully select a rough gemstone so that the parallel inclusions or silk inclusions remain beneath the stone and parallel inclusions remain parallel to the long axis of chatoyancy basically occurs in those stones that possess a large number of parallel thin inclusions inside the stone also termed as "Silk".
The wave of light, when struck this parallel inclusion, forms a band of light underneath the stone surface. The band of light will generally appear at right angles to the length of alongside inclusions.
These inclusions are aligned toward the crystal axis and these inclusions can be named as hollow tubes, crystal or other linear structure that are present in the stone.
Unfortunately, if a gem cutter fails to accomplish the above-mentioned goal, then a clear cat's eye stone will not be produced.
Assessing the Quality of a Cat's-Eye Gemstone:
The best cat's-eye gems have an eye that meets the following criteria:
- It is clearly visible
- It symmetrically bisects the cabochon
- It contrasts sharply with the stone's body color
- It moves smoothly as the stone is turned under the light
If a stone features all of the above criteria and has an exceptional body color, then you have a fantastic cat's eye stone.
Facts about Cat's eye Lehsunia
Some of the lesser known truths about the cat's eye are as follows:
- The chemical that causes this effect of the cat's eye is known as Chrysoberyl (BeO.Al2O3)
- The chemical bonding is Rhombic
- Cat's eye is greenish, brownish, yellowish and often found in colorless hues or shades.
- It has an explicit gravity of 3.71 and hardness of 8.5 on the Moh's scale
- It is brittle, but interestingly it is hard enough to be cast into a ring
- Translucent multi-shaded stones that resemble cat's eye are frequently mistaken for quartz tiger's eye
- They are frequently referred to as " oeil de visit"
Where does Cat's eye gemstone occur?
The Cat's eye is mostly found in Sri Lanka, Brazil and India. Some of the other countries where it is found is South Africa, Russia, Burma, and the U.S. In India, it is largely mined in Odisha, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Bihar.


Extracting AFQ tract profiles from segmented bundles
In this example, we will extract the values of a statistic from a volume, using the coordinates along the length of a bundle. These are called tract profiles
One of the challenges of extracting tract profiles is that some of the streamlines in a bundle may diverge significantly from the bundle in some locations. To overcome this challenge, we will use a strategy similar to that described in [Yeatman2012]: We will weight the contribution of each streamline to the bundle profile based on how far this streamline is from the mean trajectory of the bundle at that location.
import dipy.stats.analysis as dsa
import dipy.tracking.streamline as dts
from dipy.segment.clustering import QuickBundles
from dipy.segment.metric import (AveragePointwiseEuclideanMetric,
from dipy.data.fetcher import get_two_hcp842_bundles
import dipy.data as dpd
from dipy.io.streamline import load_trk
from dipy.io.image import load_nifti
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import os.path as op
To get started, we will grab the bundles that were extracted in the bundle extraction example. If the example has not been run yet, these files don't yet exist, and we'll need to run that example:
if not (op.exists("CST_L.trk") and
 op.exists("AF_L.trk") and
 import bundle_extraction
Either way, we can use the dipy.io API to read in the bundles from file. load_trk returns both the streamlines, as well as header information.
cst_l = load_trk("CST_L.trk", "same", bbox_valid_check=False).streamlines
af_l = load_trk("AF_L.trk", "same", bbox_valid_check=False).streamlines
transform = np.load("slr_transform.npy")
In the next step, we need to make sure that all the streamlines in each bundle are oriented the same way. For example, for the CST, we want to make sure that all the bundles have their cortical termination at one end of the streamline. This is that when we later extract values from a volume, we won't have different streamlines going in opposite directions.
To orient all the streamlines in each bundles, we will create standard streamlines, by finding the centroids of the left AF and CST bundle models.
The advantage of using the model bundles is that we can use the same standard for different subjects, which means that we'll get roughly the same orientation
model_af_l_file, model_cst_l_file = get_two_hcp842_bundles()
model_af_l = load_trk(model_af_l_file, "same",
model_cst_l = load_trk(model_cst_l_file, "same",
feature = ResampleFeature(nb_points=100)
metric = AveragePointwiseEuclideanMetric(feature)
Since we are going to include all of the streamlines in the single cluster from the streamlines, we set the threshold to np.inf. We pull out the centroid as the standard.
qb = QuickBundles(np.inf, metric=metric)
cluster_cst_l = qb.cluster(model_cst_l)
standard_cst_l = cluster_cst_l.centroids[0]
cluster_af_l = qb.cluster(model_af_l)
standard_af_l = cluster_af_l.centroids[0]
We use the centroid streamline for each atlas bundle as the standard to orient all of the streamlines in each bundle from the individual subject. Here, the affine used is the one from the transform between the atlas and individual tractogram. This is so that the orienting is done relative to the space of the individual, and not relative to the atlas space.
oriented_cst_l = dts.orient_by_streamline(cst_l, standard_cst_l)
oriented_af_l = dts.orient_by_streamline(af_l, standard_af_l)
Read volumetric data from an image corresponding to this subject.
For the purpose of this, we've extracted only the FA within the bundles in question, but in real use, this is where you would add the FA map of your subject.
files, folder = dpd.fetch_bundle_fa_hcp()
fa, fa_affine = load_nifti(op.join(folder, "hcp_bundle_fa.nii.gz"))
Calculate weights for each bundle:
w_cst_l = dsa.gaussian_weights(oriented_cst_l)
w_af_l = dsa.gaussian_weights(oriented_af_l)
And then use the weights to calculate the tract profiles for each bundle
profile_cst_l = dsa.afq_profile(fa, oriented_cst_l, fa_affine,
profile_af_l = dsa.afq_profile(fa, oriented_af_l, fa_affine,
ax1.set_ylabel("Fractional anisotropy")
ax1.set_xlabel("Node along CST")
ax2.set_xlabel("Node along AF")
Bundle profiles for the fractional anisotropy in the left CST (left) and left AF (right).
Yeatman, Jason D., Robert F. Dougherty, Nathaniel J. Myall, Brian A. Wandell, and Heidi M. Feldman. 2012. "Tract Profiles of White Matter Properties: Automating Fiber-Tract Quantification" PloS One 7 (11): e49790.
Garyfallidis et al. Recognition of white matter bundles using local and global streamline-based registration and clustering, Neuroimage, 2017.
Garyfallidis E. et al., QuickBundles a method for tractography simplification, Frontiers in Neuroscience, vol 6, no 175, 2012.
Example source code


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Vertex Align Tools + Corner Align 1.0.0 for Maya
align verts and align verts to create corners
Button download
Operating Systems
 - Windows
Last Modified:09/19/2009
File Size: 14 KB
Vertex Align V1.0
1. source the script where you downloaded it to
2. Main Function Call is
Align Vertices along the X Y Z.
Align Vertices to create Corners
Creating corners can be a tedious task and the mirror cut can give bad results.
This is an easier way to connect vertices to create 90 degree corners.
1. select the vertices that you want to connect then click if its in XY XZ or YZ direction.
2. the script will figure out what zone the vertices are in and correctly connnecting the vertices to create a 90 degree corner
3. you will have to weld the verts after
4. The Buffer Height is the distance that checks amount of offset to determine which verts should get connected. (example: if a vert is at 0 0 0 and another one is at 0 0 9 cm, It will connect the 2 verts. If the verts are at 0 0 0 and 0 0 11 cm, It wont connect the verts.) The buffer Height is determined if XY XZ YZ (example: if XY it checks the Z distance, if XZ it checks the Y distance, if YZ it checks the X distance)
note: this will only work on a single mesh. so you will have to combine meshes if you are aligning multiple meshes
Please use the Bug System to report any bugs.
Please use the Feature Requests to give me ideas.
Please rate and review in the Review section.
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Recovering Financially After Filing an Employment Lawsuit
Published on Jul 29, 2020 at 7:05 pm in Lawsuit Funding Information.
Calculator on red notebook
As an employee, you are entitled to certain rights—as established by the federal government. This means you are protected from discrimination, harassment, retaliation, and wrongful termination. In the event an employer breaches a federal anti-discrimination law, the employee has the right to file a lawsuit to seek compensation for their losses and suffering.
Filing a lawsuit not only ensures the opportunity to seek compensation, but it also holds the negligent party accountable for their actions. Unfortunately, employment lawsuits are often complex and can take a significant time to settle. Let's take a look at what recovering financially after filing an employment lawsuit looks like.
Understanding Employment Lawsuit Compensation
When you work with a lawyer on an employment lawsuit, they'll advise you as to what you are able to seek in regard to monetary recovery. Depending on your circumstances, you could be entitled to back wages, front wages, or consequential damages.
It's important to note that damage caps and available compensation varies by state and may be impacted by state laws. Your attorney will explain any applicable state laws to you.
Back Wages
Back wages are what you would have earned if the discrimination or harassment had never taken place. These are calculated by subtracting what you made after being fired, demoted, or harassed from what you made before.
While calculating back wages may seem straightforward, there is often some guesswork that goes along with determining a total. For example, back wages are calculated from the time the wrongful act occurred until the time you win at trial. Additionally, total wages lost can be dependent upon whether you earn any money from another source to replace what you lost from your job.
Front Wages
As opposed to back wages, front wages are what you would have earned if you had not been fired, demoted, or harassed. They start from the time after you win at trial until some point in the future beyond that.
A judge can award front wages in different situations. For example, if an expert, like an economist, testifies on your behalf regarding when you might be able to find adequate replacement income, the judge could award you front wages for that predicted amount of time.
Consequential Damages
Consequential damages refer to any money you had to spend as a result of being fired. For example, this could include out-of-pocket medical expenses, moving costs for relocation, or travel expenses. To successfully seek consequential damages, you'll often need evidence like medical bills, proof of payment, or other receipts.
Depending on the situation, consequential damages can also include financial damages suffered. When a person loses their job, that loss has the potential to damage their credit report if they cannot pay their bills. Your lawyer can show your credit rating dropped because of missed payments after losing your job. A damaged credit report can cost a person money over time in the form of higher interest rates and decreased borrowing power.
Managing Finances Amid Litigation
As mentioned, employment lawsuits can take time to resolve. If you're dealing with unemployment and job hunting while in the middle of a lawsuit, you could be struggling financially. Fortunately, personal injury lawsuit plaintiffs have the option of seeking legal funding.
At Preferred Capital Funding, we provide plaintiffs with the money they need to pay their bills and maintain their quality of life while dealing with litigation. A pre-settlement cash advance is different than a traditional bank loan in a number of ways. For one, we won't need to look at your financial records or employment history. We'll only need to verify that you've filed a personal injury claim and have a strong case.
In some states, cash advances for lawsuits are non-recourse. This means that the plaintiff only pays us back in the event they win their case. We absorb the risk, which reduces the possibility of the plaintiff falling into further financial trouble after a failed lawsuit.
Apply for Lawsuit Funding from Preferred Capital Funding
If you're interested in legal funding, consult with your attorney. They will need to be willing to work with us for you to be eligible for funding. The application process is simple. All you need to do is provide us with some basic contact information, details about your claim, and how much money you're looking to receive. A legal funding expert will review your case and discuss the matter with your lawyer. If you're deemed eligible for funding, you could have the cash you need in as little as 24 hours.
At Preferred Capital Funding, we understand the challenges of dealing with a lawsuit and we know how it can affect a person financially. To ensure you have the money you need to see your lawsuit through and hold your employer accountable for their negligence, contact us today.
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August 23, 2012 in Biology / Plants & Animals
Have you ever heard an opera singing ape? Researchers in Japan have discovered that singing gibbons use the same vocal techniques as professional soprano singers. The study, published in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology, explains how recording gibbons singing under the influence of helium gas reveals a physiological similarity to human voices.
The research was led by Dr Takeshi Nishimura from the Primate Research Institute at Kyoto University, Japan. His team studied the singing of a white-handed gibbon (Hylobates lar) at Fukuchiyama City Zoo, in northern Kyoto.
A gibbon's song is acoustically unique among primates, with a loud melody which can be heard over two miles away. In the wild use their songs to communicate with neighboring pairs, strangers and potential mates through impenetrable jungle where visibility is poor.
"The complexity of human speech is unique among primates as it requires varied soft sounds made by the rapid movements of vocal tracts," said Dr Nishimura. "Our speech was thought to have evolved through specific modifications in our vocal anatomy. However, we've shown how the gibbons' distinctive song uses the same vocal mechanics as soprano singers, revealing a fundamental similarity with humans."
To explore these similarities the team conducted the first acoustic investigation on non-human primates using. The gas is famous for making human voices appear high pitched by shifting the resonance frequencies of the upwards. The gas is useful for studying animal vocal mechanisms as it increases sound velocity and resonance frequencies.
The team recorded 20 gibbon calls in normal air atmosphere, before recording 37 calls in a helium-enriched atmosphere. The resulting sounds, which are available as audio files, reveal how gibbons can consciously manipulate their vocal cords and tract to make their distinctive sound.
"The lowest frequency of harmonics is amplified in a gibbon's song when performed in normal air," said Nishimura. "However, in a helium-enriched atmosphere the tuning of the vocal cord vibration and the resonance of the vocal tract are altered as the gas causes an upward shift of the."
This supports the theory that, as with humans, there is independence between the origin of the sound and the vocal tools used to manipulate it.
This shows that gibbons use the same process for producing speech as humans, whereby acoustic sound originates from the larynx and is controlled by a filter, determined by the shape of the supralaryngeal vocal tract. This manipulation forms speech and is known as the'source-filter' process of speech production.
Singing gibbons always, and with minimal effort, adopt the complex vocal techniques which are only mastered in humans by professional soprano singers. This discovery suggests the development of complex vocal abilities in humans was not due to unique evolutionary modifications. Instead it shows that humans share the biological fundamentals of vocalisation with other primates, but in speech have simply acquired another of its most sophisticated forms.
"This is the first evidence that gibbons always sing using soprano techniques, a difficult vocalisation ability for humans which is only mastered by professional opera singers," concluded Nishimura. "This gives us a new appreciation of the evolution of speech in gibbons while revealing that the physiological foundation in human is not so unique."
More information: Hiroki Koda, Takeshi Nishimura, Isao T. Tokuda, Chisako Oyakawa, Toshikuni Nihonmatsu, Nobuo Masataka, 'Soprano singing in gibbons', American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Wiley, July 2012, DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22124
Provided by Wiley
"Primate of the opera: What soprano singing apes on helium reveal about the human voice" August 23, 2012 _URL_


text:
KCMMB Concrete and Bridge Decks
Research performed by the University of Kansas in conjunction with many state DOTs indicates bridge decks should be treated differently than other outdoor concrete applications. Because of the importance of bridges to transportation and the difficulty caused by repair or replacement of bridges the KCMMB recommends that all mix designs for bridge decks be prepared by the consultant responsible for design of the structure. It should also be noted that the life of the bridge deck is not only influenced by the concrete mix design but also the construction of the deck.
As an example of a procedure for bridge deck design and construction the following links have been provided. These links are for a series of Kansas Department of Transportation Special Provisions for the design and construction of bridge decks. These Special Provisions are the result of joint research done by the University of Kansas and KDOT.


mount kilimanjaro: africa
Mount Kilimanjaro is the tallest mountain in Africa and the tallest free standing mountain in the world. Reaching a height of 19,340 feet (5,895 m), it is one of the largest stratovolcanoes in the world.
Mount Kilimanjaro is a composite volcano that is comprised of layers of lava, tephra, and volcanic ash. It is currently inactive with no known history of eruptions. There are seven distinctive peaks on the mountain with Uhuru Peak accounting for the highest elevation and true summit of the mountain.
quick facts
 - Summit is at 19,340 feet (5,895 m)
 - Tallest mountain in Africa
 - Tallest free-standing mountain in the world
Mount Kilimanjaro features a year-round snow-topped peak. The mountain has at least six different ecological zones including Montane forests, bushland, rainweald, heath and moorland, highland barrens, and ice cap. The area is protected by Mount Kilimanjaro National Park with trekkers having seven official different routes to ascend to the summit.
visitor tips


text:
Earth, the mean radius is 6,371.009 km (≈3,958.761 mi; ≈3,440.069 nmi).
If the meridional mean and the mean of the two equatorial axes (which, for Earth, are equal) are averaged together, the mean radius approximation of the average great-circle circumference is found:
This is the equivalent great-circle radius of an ellipsoid, which for Earth is 6,372.797 km (≈3,959.873 mi; ≈3,441.035 nmi).
A closed-form solution exists for a spheroid:
where and is the surface area of the spheroid.
For Earth, the authalic radius is 6,_PHONE_ km (≈3,958.760 mi; ≈3,440.069 nmi).
For Earth, the volumetric radius equals 6,_PHONE_ km (≈3,958.760 mi; ≈3,440.069 nmi).
Another mean radius is the rectifying radius, giving a sphere with circumference equal to the perimeter of the ellipse described by any polar cross section of the ellipsoid. This requires an elliptic integral to find, given the polar and equatorial radii:
The rectifying radius is equivalent to the meridional mean, which is defined as the average value of M:
For integration limits of [0…π/2], the integrals for rectifying radius and mean radius evaluate to the same result, which, for Earth, amounts to 6,_PHONE_ km (≈3,956.545 mi; ≈3,438.147 nmi).
The meridional mean is well approximated by the semicubic mean of the two axes:
yielding, again, 6,_PHONE_ km; or less accurately by the quadratic mean of the two axes:
about 6,367.454 km; or even just the mean of the two axes:
about 6,367.445 km.


City pays millions for firefighter-caused blaze
While battling a warehouse fire, crews set off a second blaze that caused significant damage
MONTREAL — A Montreal suburb was fined $3.7 million after a judge declared firefighters made a warehouse fire worse by setting a second blaze.
120 firefighters responded to the September 2004 fire, which had broken out in the storage room of a foam plant, and used a chainsaw to cut a hole in the plant's ceiling across the hall from where the fire was spreading, according to the Sun News Network.
The sparks from the chainsaw ignited nearby polymers used in making Styrofoam, which caused another fire.
The resulting second blaze along with the first fire took firefighter 11 hours to extinguish, leaving significant damage to the warehouse.
Insurer's blamed the Laval Fire Department for its mistake and had sued for $9 million.
A judge agreed that the firefighters worsened the fire by using the chainsaw.
The city has not decided if it will appeal the decision.
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 2. Fire Attack
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text:
Search the collections
Victorian Women on Farms Gathering Collection
Image: Patch - Victorian Women on Farms Gathering, Warragul 1999
Source: Museum Victoria
Since 1990, Victorian rural women have met at annual events, Women on Farms Gatherings, to share common interests, exchange information, celebrate their contribution to their farms and communities, and support and nurture each other.
Each Gathering is linked by a tradition of sharing memories, symbolic icons, women's stories, workshops, rituals, farm tours, good food and fun. The meaning, identity and action expressed through these collective activities are often 'life changing' for participants and foster a deep sense of community.
These gatherings emerged as part of the 'rural women's movement' in Australia. This movement sought to raise the profile, opportunities and voice of rural women. The Victorian Gatherings were soon replicated in other states around Australia, and fed into the organisation of the world's first 'Women in Agriculture' conference held in Melbourne in 1994.
The Women on Farms Gathering Collection dates from the first Gathering held at Warragul in 1990 and covers the first 20 years up to 2009. The Women on Farms Gathering Collection is a community project involving the active participation of rural Victorian women in collecting, interpreting and sharing their histories.
A cow pat, mallee root and motherboard, are some of the 'icons' in the collection and offer a colourful and symbolic insight into the stories and experiences of rural women. These icons have been chosen by the organisers of each Gathering to symbolise and celebrate the leadership, unity, diversity and resilience of rural women. The collection also includes two large banners (one of which is used and altered at each Gathering), videos, photographs, a memorial plaque, memorabilia and a large collection of oral histories.
The collection has state and national significance. It highlights the diversity of rural women's experiences, documents the contribution of women to their farms and communities, the changing nature of agriculture and contemporary issues affecting the future of Victorian rural communities. The contemporary and collaborative nature of the collection has created important community links across rural and regional Victoria and has directly influenced the development of associated collections and research, including: toxic waste campaign, 2009 Victorian bushfires, water security, climate change, drought, sustainable agriculture, gender and demographic change.
The active involvement of rural women in the development of this contemporary collection has fostered new and exciting possibilities for museum practice and the history making process:
"...we are creating living history. This Heritage Project with Museum Victoria is the first time that the museum has ever attempted something like this, and to my knowledge it is one of the few things in a museum that I have ever seen, which hasn't had to die to be recognised, and I find that very refreshing." Ann Jarvis (Inaugural member of the Women on Farms Heritage Group, Kergunyah)
"Collecting, documenting and displaying these stories through the community partnership between Women on Farms Gathering Heritage Group and Museum Victoria is groundbreaking. It is a model for how institutions may reshape their role to work collaboratively with communities to better interpret and represent their place in Australian life." Kerry Wilson, Member of the Women on Farms Heritage Group, Violet Town)
History of Victorian Women on Farms Gatherings
Victorian Women on Farms Gatherings - What is a Gathering?
Women on Farms Gathering - Memorial Plaque
The Women on Farms Gathering Heritage Agreement
Women on Farms Gathering - The Perpetual Banner and Patches
Australian Rural Women's Movement - Timeline
Bibliography - Australian Women on Farms
Rural Women Gather Across Australia
Poetry and Song - The Victorian Women on Farms Gatherings
1990 Warragul Gathering (Inaugural Gathering)
1991 Sea Lake WoFG
1992 Numurkah WoFG
1993 Tallangatta WoFG
1994 Glenormiston WoFG
1995 Swan Hill WoFG
1996 Ararat WoFG
1997 Bendigo WoFG
1998 Ouyen WoFG
1999 Warragul WoFG
2000 Yarra Valley (Healesville) WoFG
2001 North East (Beechworth) WoFG
2002 Macedon Ranges (Kyneton) WoFG
2003 Yarram WoFG
2004 Horsham WoFG
2005 Benalla WoFG
2006 Hamilton WoFG
2007 Shepparton WoFG
2008 Berriwillock WoFG
2009 Warragul WoFG
Items per page: 10 50 (showing 1 - 10) 172 items
White ceramic mug given to participants at the Glenormiston Women on Farms Gathering in 1994. It is an example of the creative presentation of issues affecting rural women at the Gathe...Images: 1
Mug given to each participant of the 2002 Macedon Ranges (Kyneton) Women on Farms Gathering in their Gathering Bag on registration. The mug is a very practical recurring ritual of the...Images: 1
Digital colour image of the Women on Farms Gathering banner, taken at the Horsham Women on Farms Gathering in 2004. The banner displays 15 patches (panels) that illustrate the Gathering...Images: 1
Royal blue scarf with yellow hand-painted wattle-like emblem on one end. This scarf was worn by the donor and by other members of the 2003 Yarram Women on Farms Gathering organising com...Images: 1
Blue polo neck shirt with logo. This shirt was worn by members of the 2003 Yarram Women on Farms Gathering organising committee. During the weekend all members of the committee wore blu...Images: 1
Silk scarf from the 2001 North East (Beechworth) Women on Farms Gathering. This scarf was worn by the North East (Beechworth) organising committee members as a form of identification. T...Images: 1
T-shirt from the 1993 Tallangatta Women on Farms Gathering. This green t-shirt was worn by members of the Tallangatta Women on Farms Gathering organising committee as a form of identifi...Images: 1
Calico vest worn by members of the 1998 Ouyen Women on Farms Gathering organising committee. During the weekend all members of the committee wore this vest so that they could be easily...Images: 1
Strong pink cotton hat with 2004 Horsham Women on Farms Gathering label applied to crown. This hat was contained within the 'Gathering pack' that was given to participants as they arriv...Images: 1
Green handmade badge created for the 1993 Tallangatta Women on Farms Gathering. Denise, Kylie & Yvette Kirk made these badges using a machine borrowed from the Tallangatta Hospital. Den...Images: 1


text:
Learn how to say Erector correctly in English with this tutorial pronunciation video.
Oxford dictionary definition of the word erector:
a person or thing that erects something.
a muscle which maintains an erect state of a part of the body or an erect posture of the body:
a spinal erector
(Erector) North American trademark a construction toy consisting of components for making model buildings and vehicles:
an Erector set


text:
Species: Queen of the Andes (Puya raimondii)
Status: Endangered (EN)
Interesting Fact: The Queen of the Andes may take as long as 80 to 150 years to flower and will only flower once before dying.
The Queen of the Andes is best known for its spectacular flower spike, which can reach up to 10 metres high. These spikes bear over 8,000 whitish-green blooms, which turn purple with age. The Queen of the Andes is a monocarpic species, meaning that it will die after flowering for the first time. These plants produce as many as 8 to 12 million seeds, but if conditions are not suitable few seeds will survive to germination. This means that a plant that is more than a century old may never actually reproduce successfully. The Queen of the Andes grows in the harsh, high-altitude environment of the Andes in Peru and Bolivia. This highly adapted species produces an anti-freeze chemical in its sap to survive freezing temperatures.
Today, the Queen of the Andes has an extremely fragmented distribution. Vegetation destruction, grazing by livestock, fires, and the introduction of exotic species all threaten this species. The Andean region is regarded as a priority for plant conservation, meaning action is urgently required to preserve this unique ecosystem and its important vegetation.
Find out more about the Queen of the Andes on the IUCN Red List website.


text:
Definitions of bel
n. - The Babylonian name of the god known among the Hebrews as Baal. See Baal. 2
n. - A thorny rutaceous tree (Aegle marmelos) of India, and its aromatic, orange-like fruit; -- called also Bengal quince, golden apple, wood apple. The fruit is used medicinally, and the rind yields a perfume and a yellow dye. 2
The word "bel" uses 3 letters: B E L.
No direct anagrams for bel found in this word list.
Words formed by adding one letter before or after bel (in bold), or to bel in any order:
a - able bale blae b - bleb d - bled i - bile l - bell o - bole lobe p - pleb s - bels t - belt blet u - blue lube w - blew
All words formed from bel by changing one letter
Browse words starting with bel by next letter


text:
Given the following data set from a table xyz with a field name field1 :
and a sequel :
WHERE SUBSTR(field1,4,3)=' '
Normally I would expect to see both the
rows returned. But, It appears like we need to include in the quotes the length of the string that we have used, as in this example'' as opposed to'', which is what one would use when a SUBSTR is not used.
Is there any reason why SUBSTR behaves like this?
Any information would be appreciated.


text:
Posted on Apr 15, 2010 | Comments 0
The school is the best place to learn new things. Kids enjoy being in school especially if they get to learn stuffs through fun and wholesome learning experiences.
Not only do they get to learn about how to read and write but also how to become responsible, industrious, kind, and caring towards other living things like animals.
The classroom is the ideal place for learning. Aside from books, visual aids, and other instructional materials, teachers should also consider having an aquarium in the classroom.
Here are the reasons why you should have an aquarium in the classroom:
1. Help children learn about different species of aquatic plants and animals
Having an aquarium can expose kids to all kinds of marine life like fishes and seaweeds. They will be able to observe how they grow and how they interact in their habitat.
2. Teach children about responsibility and caring for living things
Now that you have a class aquarium, children can learn about being responsible and how to take care of marine life by doing their part in feeding the fishes and cleaning the aquarium.
3. Encourage children to help one another
Children will be encouraged to work together and help each other in order for your aquarium to have healthy fishes and plants.
Aquariums should not only be confined in our homes but also in other places like in the classrooms. They are not only decorations but they serve as avenues for learning. [Aquarium decoration]
Posted in: Fish Aquarium


text: We aimed to estimate the impact of ingestion of a pure protein load on the glucose levels in T1DM patients treated with insulin pumps. We examined 10 T1DM patients (6 females, mean age-32.3 years, mean HbA1c-6.8%) treated with insulin pumps equipped with a continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS). In Phase I, baseline insulin infusion was optimized to minimize the differences in fasting glucose levels to less than 30 mg/dL between any two time points between 9 a.m. and 3 p.m. In Phase II, the patients were exposed to single pure protein load. CGMS record was performed and the glucose pattern was defined for 6 hours of each phase. The maximal glucose level increment was similar for the entire duration of the fasting and the protein load test (26.6 versus 27.6 mg/dL, resp., P < 0.78). There was only a borderline difference in change between baseline versus 6th hour glucose (12.5 and 19.0 mg/dL, P = 0.04). Glucose variability, assessed by standard deviation of mean glucose levels, was 36.4 and 37.9 mg/dL, respectively (P = 0.01). The administration of a pure protein load does not seem to have a clinically significant impact on glucose levels in T1DM patients treated with insulin pumps.


Ever thought of using braids in magic? When it comes to binding, most of us only consider knots. But braids can be used for the same purpose. The same way you can bind power, beads and other things in a knot, you can weave it into a braid.
One example of a power braid is that where you'd tie 9 knots to a rhyme, you can braid 9 strands, and maybe add 9 beads with even intervals. Just in case you'd like to have those points to refer to. One positive thing about using braids is that a braid is something you can wear in your hair, without having to cut it off afterwards. They also attract less attention, if you prefer not to be public about what you do. If you're not familiar with braiding, here are a couple of examples of techniques.
3 strands
5 strands
You can use the same technique for any odd number of strands (7, 9, 11, 13, 15 and so on).
10 strands/5 loops
You can use the same technique for any odd number of loops (7, 9, 11, 13, 15 and so on), but it gets harder after 9 since you only have ten fingers.
A coloring page aweek
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This job is no longer available
Senior Research Scientist in Crop Physiology/Nutrition
· Develop innovative approaches for improving nutrient and water use efficiency
· Build & maintain networks with universities and other research bodies
· Provide local & national research leadership
An opportunity exists within CSIRO Plant Industry's Floreat Park laboratories for a scientist interested in developing a research career in the area of crop physiology with a particular emphasis on understanding fundamental mechanisms that underpin, and exploring ways of improving, the efficiency of utilisation of nutrients and water resources in the Australian cropping systems. We would be particularly interested in applicants with experience in one or more of the following areas:
· manipulation of the plant‐soil interface for improved use of nutrients;
· identification of plant genotypes with improved nutrient use efficiency;
· crop root systems needed for improved use of water and nutrients;
· potential to manipulate soil/plant microbial interactions for improved crop production.
The position is likely to involve the supervision of a Postdoctoral Fellow. The successful candidate should have at least 6 years of experience post doctorate, with knowledge and experience in plant science, soil science or agronomy. You should be comfortable doing research in the field, glasshouse and laboratory and have experience in managing staff, a strong commitment to team work, an ability to write successful research grants,a record of securing funding from industry, a strong publication record particularly in refereed journal publications, the capacity to present research findings to a range of audiences, and a willingness to develop a collaborative network with universities and other research bodies in the field.
Specifically you will:
· contribute to the design, conduct and analysis of field‐ and laboratory‐based experiments;
· contribute to developing innovative concepts, approaches and methods for improving nutrient and water use efficiency;
· communicate findings through reports, leading academic journals, book chapters, seminars and conferences;
· interact with growers, collaborating scientists and funding agencies and foster the application of research and development with stakeholders;
· write and submit research proposals to funding bodies;
· help build CSIRO's reputation in the field of crop physiology/nutrition;
· work in an interdisciplinary team including plant scientists, microbial and molecular biologists;
· provide research leadership locally and nationally and develop a program of research that is world‐class.
Location: Floreat (Perth) Western Australia
Salary: AUD102K ‐ AUD120K plus up to 15.4% superannuation
Tenure: Indefinite / Ongoing
Ref No.: WA12/04203
To be considered you will have a PhD in plant science or soil science or equivalent field, and demonstrated research experience in plantsoil interactions.
You will also have:
· experience in conducting research on an aspect of plant use of nutrients, microbial transformation of nutrients in soil or the effect of the plant root‐microbial‐soil interface on nutrient and water uptake;
· excellent interpersonal, negotiation and representational skills. High‐level written and oral communication skills, including experience in publishing journal papers;
· the ability to work as part of a multi‐disciplinary research team and provide research leadership, including supervision of staff;
· the ability to liaise with industry and universities to pursue research and development opportunities;
· knowledge, understanding and a commitment to the principles of Equal Employment Opportunity and Occupational Health and Safety.
Australia is founding its future on science and innovation. Its national science agency, the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), is a powerhouse of ideas, technologies and skills for building prosperity, growth, health and sustainability. It serves governments, industries, business and communities.
CSIRO prefers all applications to be lodged via our Online Careers Portal – _URL_ Choose "Positions Vacant" and search for Reference Number WA12/04203
Applications close Sunday 9 December, 2012 (11:30pm Perth time)


a default value to an argument in case isn't supplied:
function example(arg1) {
 arg1 || (arg1 = 'default value');
Example IE fallback in event handlers:
function onClick(e) {
 e || (e = window.event);
The following language features have been with us for a long time, all JavaScript implementations support them, but they weren't part of the specification until ECMAScript 5th Edition:
The debugger statement
Described in: § 12.15 The debugger statement
This statement allows you to put breakpoints programmatically in your code just by:
//...
//...
If a debugger is present or active, it will cause it to break immediately, right on that line.
Otherwise, if the debugger is not present or active this statement has no observable effect.
Multiline String literals
Described in: § 7.8.4 String Literals
var str = "This is a \
really, really \
long line!";
You have to be careful because the character next to the \ must be a line terminator, if you have a space after the \ for example, the code will look exactly the same, but it will raise a SyntaxError.
Not if it's null, if it's considered false. a = 0 || 42; will give you 42. This is comparable with Python's or, not C#'s?? operator. If you want the C# behavior, do a = (b === null)? c : b; – Armin Ronacher Sep 21 '08 at 22:18
sweet! works with firebug. – Rajat Dec 23 '09 at 18:55
Like the term "falsy" :) – Jonas Mar 12 '10 at 22:24
I wish there was proper || for undefined only. I was bitten by this today for 0, since I wanted to create emulation of overloaded method, so that the last argument was optional and a default value would be used instead. – egaga Apr 15 '10 at 3:47
I didn't know about the multiline string literal technique. That's fantastic, thanks. – Charlie Flowers Nov 26 '10 at 2:33
JavaScript does not have block scope (but it has closure so let's call it even?).
var x = 1;
 var x = 2;
alert(x); // outputs 2
That is a good one. It is a really important difference from most C like languages. – Martin Clarke Sep 14 '08 at 19:02
You can always do "var tmp = function() { /* block scope */ }();". The syntax is ugly, but it works. – Joeri Sebrechts Sep 30 '08 at 11:03
Or you can use "let" if it's Firefox only: stackoverflow.com/questions/61088/… – Eugene Yokota Oct 1 '08 at 0:42
or just: (function() { var x = 2; })(); alert(typeof x); //undefined – Pim Jager Jan 27 '09 at 23:17
You can access object properties with [] instead of.
This allows you look up a property matching a variable.
obj = {a:"test"};
var propname = "a";
var b = obj[propname]; // "test"
You can also use this to get/set object properties whose name is not a legal identifier.
obj["class"] = "test"; // class is a reserved word; obj.class would be illegal.
obj["two words"] = "test2"; // using dot operator not possible with the space.
Some people don't know this and end up using eval() like this, which is a really bad idea:
var propname = "a";
var a = eval("obj." + propname);
This is harder to read, harder to find errors in (can't use jslint), slower to execute, and can lead to XSS exploits.
It's interesting to note that dot-referencing is actually syntax sugar for the bracketref. foo.bar, according to the spec anyway, behaves just like foo["bar"]. also note that everything is a string property. even when you do array access, array[4], the 4 is converted to a string (again, at least according to ECMAScript v3 spec) – Claudiu Jun 24 '10 at 14:40
If you're Googling for a decent JavaScript reference on a given topic, include the "mdc" keyword in your query and your first results will be from the Mozilla Developer Center. I don't carry any offline references or books with me. I always use the "mdc" keyword trick to directly get to what I'm looking for. For example:
Google: javascript array sort mdc
(in most cases you may omit "javascript")
Update: Mozilla Developer Center has been renamed to Mozilla Developer Network. The "mdc" keyword trick still works, but soon enough we may have to start using "mdn" instead.
Fixed Google search link. – Ates Goral Sep 22 '09 at 19:06
Wow, great resource. Instantly better than crappy w3schools... – DisgruntledGoat Sep 22 '09 at 23:31
You don't even need to Google it, if you're on Firefox: just type "array mdc" into the address bar and hit Enter. – Sasha Chedygov Apr 10 '10 at 4:00
A propo this: promotejs.com, a grassroots SEO initiative to drive MDC results further up in Google search results. – Yahel Nov 11 '10 at 0:30
Now is the MDN doc center, so the'mdc' keyword is still valid :) – Aleadam Mar 14 '11 at 21:14
Maybe a little obvious to some...
Install Firebug and use console.log("hello"). So much better than using random alert();'s which I remember doing a lot a few years ago.
Just don't forget to remove the console statements before releasing your code to others who may not have Firebug installed. – Chris Noe Sep 22 '08 at 19:49
function log(msg) { if(console) console.log(msg) else alert(msg) } – Josh Sep 26 '08 at 21:33
Even better, precede log statements with ';;;' and then minify takes care of it for you. (At least, the Perl module I use has that feature, and claims it's commonplace.) – Kev Nov 10 '08 at 13:46
Josh: That won't work as console is not defined. You could check typeof console!== "undefined" or window.console. – Eli Grey Aug 13 '09 at 3:03
Always include: if (typeof('console') == 'undefined') { console = { log: function() { } }; } then you can continue to use console.log, and it just does nothing. – gregmac Sep 2 '09 at 4:37
Private Methods
An object can have private methods.
function Person(firstName, lastName) {
 this.firstName = firstName;
 this.lastName = lastName;
 // A private method only visible from within this constructor
 function calcFullName() {
 return firstName + " " + lastName;
 // A public method available to everyone
 this.sayHello = function () {
var person1 = new Person("Bob", "Loblaw");
// This fails since the method is not visible from this scope
That's not really a private function - it's more a function variable in a local scope. – Keith Sep 15 '08 at 16:28
True but by all operational definitions I can think of that's a method. It's a block of code with a name that has access to instance state and can only be seen by that instance. What's your definition of a private method? – Allain Lalonde Sep 17 '08 at 22:44
_USER_, exactly! It's easy, after spending years working with class-based OO languages, to forget that they are merely one implementation of OO concepts. Of course, the various libraries that attempt to cram quasi-class-based OO into JS don't help either... – Shog9 Sep 20 '08 at 22:23
Just wondering, does person1 have a Law Blog? ;-) – travis Sep 23 '08 at 16:11
+1 for the arrested development reference – Domenic Feb 28 '10 at 2:19
Also mentioned in Crockford's "Javascript: The Good Parts":
parseInt() is dangerous. If you pass it a string without informing it of the proper base it may return unexpected numbers. For example parseInt('010') returns 8, not 10. Passing a base to parseInt makes it work correctly:
parseInt('010') // returns 8! (in FF3)
parseInt('010', 10); // returns 10 because we've informed it which base to work with.
When doing code reviews, always look for this one. Leaving off the ", 10" is a common mistake that goes unnoticed in most testing. – Doug Domeny Jun 25 '09 at 14:31
Why not use Math.floor or Number? 10 === Math.floor("010"); 10 === Number("010"); floats: 42 === Math.floor("42.69"); 42.69 === Number("42.69"); – just somebody Dec