A site for medical students - Practical,Theory,Osce Notes
What is water-hammer pulse?
Bounding pulse is commonly seen in hyperkinetic circulatory states, here the pulse volume is high due to highpulse pressure with increased blood flow.
What is water-hammer pulse (or high volume collapsing pulse)?
This pulse is characterised by :
 - High pulse volume
 - Sharp rise.
 - Ill-sustained
 - Sharp fall.
High volume pulse gives the water-hammer character when the pulse pressure is at least more than 60 mm of Hg. A collapsing pulse usually occurs when there is rapid run-off of blood from the aorta or the arterial system. Carotid artery is used for detecting collapsing nature of pulse
The striking features of collapsing pulse are:
 - Abrupt upstroke, ill sustained peak and abrupt downstroke and collapsing feel under the palpating hand
 - Thrust produced by the abrupt upstroke of the collapsing pulse will resemble the thrust produced by the tilting of the water hammer toy and the abrupt downstroke of the pulse produces collapsing feel.
How will you demonstrate the water-hammer pulse?
 - First you should palpate the wrist in such a way that your webs fall on the radial artery and rest of the palm lies over the ulnar artery of the patient Now you should e xamine the volume of the pulse for few seconds.
 - Elevate the whole upper limb suddenly above the patients shoulder ( you may give a support in the elbow to prevent its flexion) mean while trv to recognise any changes in the volume of the pulse. In water-hammer pulse, the pulse volume increases from the basal level (i.e. volume at the beginning of the examination) after elevation of patients upper limb.
 - For examination of the pulse in this manner one should stand within the 'angle' formed between the patients body and the said upper extremity. The right sided pulse should be examined by the right hand with the examiner standing on the right side of patient, and vice-versa for the left. You can observe the increase in pulse volume sharp rise and the sharp fall.
Why the name water-hammer pulse is given?
This pulse is so termed after a toy called water-hammer'. This is a peculiar toy with a glass cylinder that is half filled with water and half with vacuum (two ends being closed). If the toy is suddenly placed upside down, the column of water will strike the other end of the cylinder with a blowing sound. This is why this pulse is termed waterhammer pulse where the pulse strikes the fingers like the thud of a hammer.
What is most important the cause of water-hammer pulse?
It is aortic regurgitation
Why this type of pulse is seen in Aortic regurgitation?
Waterhammer pulse is seen in AR due to the following reasons
High systolic pressure occur due to
 - In AR, as the left ventricular stroke volume is high systolic pressure is also high and it is responsible for sharp rise' in the pulse.
The collapsing nature is due to low diastolic pressure which is seen due to
 - Diastolic leak back into the left ventricle from aorta.
 - There is rapid run-off to the periphery as a result of decreased systemic vascular resistance, the barorcceptors in the aortic arch is stimulated by increased cardiac output and result is reflex vasodilatation of the peripheral vessels into which the blood flows rapidly.
Why do you elevate the arm for eliciting the collapsing pulse?
 - Due to the effect of gravity, there is fall of blood column with resulting in vasodilatation and thus, it helps to reduce the diastolic pressure more. Hence the pulse pressure widens,
 - It may be so that while we elevate the limb the artery palpated becomes more in line with that of aorta after elevation of the arm.So it allows direct systolic ejection and diastolic backward flow resulting in collapsing pulse.
What are the other parts to be examined in water hammer pulse?
 - You should count the rate (bradycardia in complete heart block: tachycardia in thyrotoxicosis).
 - See the condition of the vessel wall (for atherosclerosis).
 - See the facies for exophthalmos or examine for tremor to rule out thyrotoxicosis).
 - You should record the surface temperature (pyrexia).
 - Examine for anaemia (severe anaemia).
 - Examine for jaundice to rule out cirrhosis with hepato-cellular failure.
 - Examine the chest for emphysema (chronic cor pulmonale).
 - Always auscultate the aortic and neoaortic area for an earlv diastolic murmur of AR.
 - Search for peripheral signs of AR such as, for capillary pulsation, digital pulsation, carotid dance, pistol shot sound which are associated features of water-hammer pulse.


text:
After speaking with a local church pastor who's very committed to reaching out to a college close to his two churches, we've compiled the following. Please feel free to share your questions/comments.
Find the Adventist Students
- It's a good idea to connect to the campus with/via the students you already know there.
- If you haven't already found Adventist students on the campus.
- Ask your local church if they know of any
- Ask the school if they have a list of those who have self-identified as Adventist and if you can have that list
- Once you find the students, begin building community with them.
- Invite them over for Sabbath dinner or to your church potluck
- Invite them over for a game night
- Celebrate their birthdays
- Check on them during exam time
- Send them care packages
- Ask the students what the needs of their campus are and how your church can best meet them.
- Specific prayer requests
- Joining a fundraiser for a community charity (Tim Kerin Fund Drive at UT)
- Helping with a student's tuition
- Providing food for a student family that's struggling to make ends meet
- Encourage the students to create a formal ACF chapter on their campus.
- See ACF-GCC brochure or website for more on starting a chapter
If You Can't Find the Adventist Students…
(It may be hard to find them so here's what you can do.)
- Find out if there are other religious entities on the campus.
- If there are, call them up and/or visit them and ask what sorts of things they do for the students. (They are typically very willing to share their ministry ideas especially since many recognize that each religious entity is mostly reaching its own students—they won't be threatened by your ministry.)
- See if they are part of a larger campus ministry organization such as a "Campus Ministers Council," an entity that connects all of the campus ministers.
- This organization can give you much more information about how the campus relates to religious organizations.
- Get in touch with the school's "Student Life" department. It may be called "Office of Dean of Students," "Student Affairs," or something else. It's typically the department that is over student organizations.
- Ask Student Life what its policies are for outside entities connecting with the students.
- Be prepared to share ideas of how you'd like to connect:
- Monthly meals to students (served on campus)
- A weekly ESL program at your church
- Developing a worthy student fund
- Weekend childcare for students who are single parents
- Know the gifts of your church members and use those to brainstorm ideas for connecting with the campus.
- See if you're at least allowed to post flyers for upcoming events.
Remember to begin and end with prayers of faith.
Believe that God will help you do your part.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Adhesion force interactions between cyclopentane hydrate and physically and chemically modified surfaces
Zach Aman, E.D. Sloan, A. Sum, C. Koh
Research output: Contribution to journalArticle
24 Citations (Scopus)
© the Partner Organisations 2014. Interfacial interactions between liquid-solid and solid-solid phases/surfaces are of fundamental importance to the formation of hydrate deposits in oil and gas pipelines. This work establishes the effect of five categories of physical and chemical modification to steel on clathrate hydrate adhesive force: oleamide, graphite, citric acid ester, nonanedithiol, and Rain-X anti-wetting agent. Hydrate adhesive forces were measured using a micromechanical force apparatus, under both dry and water-wet surface conditions. The results show that the graphite coating reduced hydrate-steel adhesion force by 79%, due to an increase in the water wetting angle from 42 ± 8° to 154 ± 7°. Two chemical surface coatings (nonanedithiol and the citric acid ester) induced rapid hydrate growth in the hydrate particles; nonanedithiol increased hydrate adhesive force by 49% from the baseline, while the citric acid ester coating reduced hydrate adhesion force by 98%. This result suggests that crystal growth may enable a strong adhesive pathway between hydrate and other crystalline structures, however this effect may be negated in cases where water-hydrocarbon interfacial tension is minimised. When a liquid water droplet was placed on the modified steel surfaces, the graphite and citric acid ester became less effective at reducing adhesive force. In pipelines containing a free water phase wetting the steel surface, chemical or physical surface modifications alone may be insufficient to eliminate hydrate deposition risk. In further tests, the citric acid ester reduced hydrate cohesive forces by 50%, suggesting mild activity as a hybrid anti-agglomerant suppressing both hydrate deposition and particle agglomeration. These results demonstrate a new capability to develop polyfunctional surfactants, which simultaneously limit the capability for hydrate particles to aggregate and deposit on the pipeline wall. This journal is
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)25121-25128
JournalPhysical Chemistry Chemical Physics
Issue number45
Publication statusPublished - 2014
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Adhesion force interactions between cyclopentane hydrate and physically and chemically modified surfaces'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
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Why Are Words More Memorable Than Numbers?
Assuming that they are, I'm sure for some people it's actually the other way around.
Is it because numbers describe a relationship between entities rather than the entities themselves?
it's because like there's not much material difference between 1178 and 1179, they're too specific aren't they.
Like you could remember seeing a red car but could you remember what shade of red?
Numbers all mean the same thing, just different quantities of that thing
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It's only words
And words are all I have
To take your heart away
yeah they rely on something else to define them don't they.
So does that mean maths can't exist in a vacuum?
simply write numbers down as words and they become easier to remember
I guess until something has happened nothing can have any meaning,
Can someone give me the four one one on this thread please?
One of the only things that makes me remotely suitable for my job is that I find numbers very easy to remember.
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This is a good little memory trick
Say you had to remember this string of numbers
193 919 452 020
You'd probably forget after half hour if you were asked to repeat what they were because there's no context but if you put them together and they have a context it's easier so
193 919 452 020 becomes
_PHONE_ 2020 aka the start and end years of WW2 and the current year.
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yeah that is neat!
Can Discobot answer with word numbers?
Hey _USER_ roll 1d6
:game_die: 2
Human consciousness doesn't really work in numbers, thank heavens, it's another level of mathematical abstraction
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text:
Interactive paper tearing
We propose an efficient method to model paper tearing in the context of interactive modeling. The method uses geometrical information to automatically detect potential starting points of tears. We further introduce a new hybrid geometrical and physical-based method to compute the trajectory of tears while procedurally synthesizing high resolution details of the tearing path using a texture based approach. The results obtained are compared with real paper and with previous studies on the expected geometric paths of paper that tears. Keywords: paper tearing, virtual paper, developable surfaces, modelling, animation.
Eurographics 2017, Computer Graphics Forum 36 (2), pp. 95-106 (2017).


Beware the fury of a patient man
This page is about the saying "Beware the fury of a patient man".
Possible interpretation: The implication is that the anger of people who are normally slow to anger is, when it eventually comes, terrible.
Note: beware (verb) = be careful about; be cautious; be aware of the dangers | fury (noun) = violent anger | patient (adj.) = able to wait without getting angry | Compare: "Patience provoked turns to fury."
Origin: Quotation from Publilius Syrus, a Latin writer of maxims in the 1st century BC. In the 17th century, British poet and dramatist John Dryden used it in "Absalom and Achitophel", generally considered to be the greatest political poem in the English language:
Must I at length the Sword of Justice draw?
Oh curst Effects of necessary Law!
How ill my Fear they by my Mercy scan,
Beware the Fury of a Patient Man.
Quick Quiz:
The saying "Beware the fury of a patient man" warns us
a. not to be impatient
b. not to push impatient people too far
c. not to push patient people too far
Saying of the Day
This entry is in the following categories:
Contributor: Josef Essberger


Take the 2-minute tour ×
How can you make a specific action based on the url by base.html?
I have two if -clauses as context statements in base.html. If there is algebra in the GET, then the given context should be shown.
My url.conf
from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
urlpatterns = patterns('',
 (r'^algebra/$', 'algebra'),
 (r'^mathematics/$','mathematics'),
My base.html in pseudo-code
 {% if algebra %}
 ... -- do this --
 {% endif %}
 {% if math %}
 {% endif %}
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2 Answers
up vote 1 down vote accepted
An alternative to Ned's variable-value-based method is to use two different templates that extend a common base template. E.g.
In templates/base.html:
 {% block main_body %}
 {% endblock main_body %}
 etc., etc.
Then have your algebra view use templates/algebra.html:
{% extends "base.html" %}
{% block main_body %}
 do algebra stuff here
{% end block main_body %}
and do something similar for math or whatever. Each approach has advantages and disadvantages. Pick the one that feels like the best fit to your problem.
Update: You pass "algebra.html" as the first argument to render_to_response(). It extends "base.html" in that it uses all of it except for the block(s) it explicitly replaces. See Template Inheritance for an explanation of how this works. Template inheritance is a very powerful concept for achieving a consistent look and feel across a large number of pages which differ in their body, but share some or all of the menus, etc. And you can do multi-level template inheritance which is extremely nice for managing sites that have subsections which have significant differences with the "main look" and yet want to share as much HTML/CSS as possible.
This is a key principle in DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself) in the template world.
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What is your view -method? Is it def common_view(request): ctx = Context(); return_to_response("base.html", ctx)? – Masi Jan 5 '10 at 4:04
add comment
You don't show your view functions, but here's a simple structure:
def algebra(request):
 return common_view(request, algebra=True)
def math(request):
 return common_view(request, math=True)
def common_view(request, math=False, algebra=False):
 ctx = Context()
 ctx['algebra'] = algebra
 ctx['math'] = math
 # blah blah, all the other stuff you need in the view...
 return render_to_response("base.html", ctx)
(I might have some typos, it's off the top of my head).
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Your Answer


text:
THE PHYSICS OF FORAGING: AN INTRODUCTION TO RANDOM SEARCHES AND BIOLOGICAL ENCOUNTERS
PROFESSOR GANDHIMOHAN. M. VISWANATHAN, PROFESSOR MARCOS G. E. DA LUZ, PROFESSOR ERNESTO P. RAPOSO AND H. EUGENE STANLEY
Quantidade limitada no estoque. Envio imediato.
Área FÍSICA GERAL
Número de páginas 178
The Physics of Foraging An Introduction to Random Searches and Biological Encounters Gandhimohan. M. Viswanathan, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil Marcos G. E. da Luz, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil Ernesto P. Raposo, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil H. Eugene Stanley, Boston University Do the movements of animals, including humans, follow patterns that can be described quantitatively by simple laws of motion? If so, then why? These questions have attracted the attention of scientists in many disciplines, and stimulated debates ranging from ecological matters to queries such as 'how can there be free will if one follows a law of motion?' This is the first book on this rapidly evolving subject, introducing random searches and foraging in a way that can be understood by readers without a previous background on the subject. It reviews theory as well as experiment, addresses open problems and perspectives, and discusses applications ranging from the colonization of Madagascar by Austronesians to the diffusion of genetically modified crops. The book will interest physicists working in the field of anomalous diffusion and movement ecology as well as ecologists already familiar with the conceptsand methods of statistical physics


text:
Definition of trigeminal nerve in English:
Each of the fifth and largest pair of cranial nerves, supplying the front part of the head and dividing into the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular nerves.
- The most frequently involved cranial nerve dermatome is the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve.
- The circuit for this reflex comprises the trigeminal nerve, pons crossover, and motor innervation via the facial nerve.
- There is contiguous spread to the ipsilateral ACA and MCA via a perivascular plexus supplied by the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve.
Definition of trigeminal nerve in:
- US English dictionary
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
Comments that don't adhere to our Community Guidelines may be moderated or removed.


Use Amazon S3 ARNs instead of passing large payloads - AWS Step Functions
Use Amazon S3 ARNs instead of passing large payloads
Executions that pass large payloads of data between states can be terminated. If the data you are passing between states might grow to over 262,144 bytes, use Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) to store the data, and pass the Amazon Resource Name (ARN) instead of the raw data. Alternatively, adjust your implementation so that you pass smaller payloads in your executions.
For example, a state machine can pass input to an AWS Lambda function, like in the following example.
{ "StartAt":"Invoke Lambda function", "States":{ "Invoke Lambda function":{ "Type":"Task", "Resource":"arn:aws:states:::lambda:invoke", "Parameters":{ "FunctionName":"arn:aws:lambda:us-east-2:123456789012:function:MyFunctionName", "Payload":{ "Input.$":"$" } }, "End":true } } }
Rather than pass a large amount of data in the input, you could save that data in an Amazon S3 bucket, and pass the ARN of that bucket in the Payload parameter. Your Lambda function can then use that ARN to access the data directly. The following is example input for a state machine execution, where the data is stored in data.json in an Amazon S3 bucket.
{ "Data": "arn:aws:s3:::MyBucket/data.json" }
For more information, see the following:


text:
This is a joint Research Project within the European Metrology Research Programme EMPIR
Traceable mechanical and electrical power measurement for efficiency determination of wind turbines
This Research Project will End on August, 31st. 2023
Standardising efficiency determination methods for wind turbines on test benches to ensure innovation and performance improvement
New technologies for wind turbines are currently assessed in the field, are time-consuming to perform and highly affected by wind conditions. Shortening the time to market for these tests is one way to reduce costs and increase performance for this form of renewable energy. Indoor test benches can rapidly record a wide range of data but require accurate torque and rotational speed measurements which currently lack traceability to national standards and are difficult to realise for torque measurements above 1.1 NM m.
Another important aspect is the measurement of electrical measurands that are affected by harmonics with the lowest possible uncertainty. The time synchronisation of the electrical and mechanical power measurement is a basic requirement for the exact determination of the efficiency.
The project will assess current methods and develop traceable methodology for torque measurements up to 5 MN m and rotational speeds up to 20 and 1600 revolutions per minute which covers the operational speeds on low-speed and high-speed shafts respectively. Standardised guidelines for traceably determining turbine efficiency on test benches will be developed along with new power measurement methods for the electrical components of wind turbines. Project outputs will give a better prediction of the energy output of proposed wind parks, provide greater certainty in investment opportunities and help accelerate the transition towards cleaner energy sources.


text:
International Albinism Awareness DayUnity In Diversity!
June 13th is International Albinism Awareness Day; a day set aside to raise awareness of the struggles that people with albinism face daily. Albinism is a genetic disorder that results in a lack of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes. This can make people with albinism susceptible to sunburns and eye problems. While there is no cure for albinism, there are ways to help people with this disorder live their best life. Raising a child is stressful enough, but when your child has a special need, it might feel like you're on your own. We'd want to use this time to express our gratitude to all of the parents who are raising children with albinism. On International Albinism Awareness Day, take some time to learn more about this condition and how you can support those who live with it.
Seven reasons why celebrating International Albinism Awareness Day is a must!
1. To show solidarity with the albinism community
When you offer your support for International Albinism Awareness Day, you send a message of solidarity to people with albinism worldwide. This year's theme is "Made To Shine," with the goal of celebrating the accomplishments and successes of persons with albinism all across the world. It's also a call to stand with people who have albinism as they face their problems. This day is an essential reminder that we are all in this together. By raising awareness about albinism, we can help break down the existing barriers for people with this condition.
2. To educate others about albinism
Many people are not familiar with albinism and what it entails. International Albinism Awareness Day is a great opportunity to educate others about this condition. When you raise awareness about albinism, you can help dispel myths and misconceptions about this condition. Educating others can help create a more inclusive and understanding world for people with albinism.
3. To celebrate the beauty of people with albinism
People with albinism are often marginalised and discriminated against because of their appearance. International Albinism Awareness Day is a chance to celebrate the beauty of people with albinism and to show that they are just like everyone else, deserving of respect and inclusion.
4. To Stand up against discrimination
People with albinism face discrimination and violence in many parts of the world. International Albinism Awareness Day is a chance to stand up against this discrimination and call for an end to violence against people with albinism. It is also a chance to celebrate the strength and resilience of people with albinism who have faced these challenges and continue to fight for their rights.
5. For Respect and Inclusion
International Albinism Awareness Day is a chance to call for respect and inclusion for all people with albinism. It is also a chance to celebrate the beauty and diversity of people with albinism. People with albinism often suffer from discrimination and exclusion. They are often treated as if they are not human and this is wrong. International Albinism Awareness Day is a chance for us to stand up against this discrimination and call for an end to violence against people with albinism.
6. What is the significance of the day?
The significance of International Albinism Awareness Day is to raise awareness about albinism and end discrimination and violence that people with albinism face in their daily lives. It is also a chance to celebrate the beauty and diversity of people with albinism. On this day, let us stand up for the rights of people with albinism and pledge to end discrimination and violence against them. Let us also celebrate their beauty and diversity.
7. To teach everyone there in unity in diversity.
The International Albinism Awareness Day is to raise awareness about albinism and to end discrimination and violence against people with albinism.
Why does albinism happen?
Albinism is a congenital condition in which the skin, hair, and eyes are completely or partially devoid of pigment. Albinism is caused by a mutation in one of several genes involved in the generation or distribution of melanin, a brown-black pigment generated by melanocytes, a kind of cell. Melanin is the pigment that gives skin, hair, and eyes their colour.
Genetic factors determine the amount and distribution of melanin produced by the melanocytes. When one of the genes involved in melanin production or distribution is mutated, it can lead to albinism.
What are the different types of albinism?
There are four main types of albinism, each associated with mutations in different genes:
Oculocutaneous albinism type 1 (OCA1): is caused by a mutation in the tyrosinase gene.
Oculo cutaneous albinism type 2 (OCA2): is caused by a mutation in the P gene.
Oculocutaneous albinism type 3 (OCA3): is caused by a mutation in the TYRP1 gene.
Ocular albinism (OA): caused by a mutation in the GPR143 gene.
What are the symptoms of albinism?
The most common symptom of albinism is reducing pigmentation in skin, hair and eyes. This can result in pale skin and hair, and light-coloured eyes. Other symptoms may include:
People with albinism often have vision problems due to the lack of eye pigment. Although persons with ocular albinism lose their central vision, they nevertheless have good side vision. This can cause reduced visual acuity and sensitivity to bright light.
People with albinism are at increased risk for skin cancer. They may also have other skin problems, such as sunburn, rashes and dryness.
Some types of albinism are associated with hearing loss.
June 13th is International Albinism Awareness Day. It can be difficult enough to raise a child, but when your child has a particular need, it can feel like you are doing it all alone. We want to take this opportunity to thank all of the parents out there who are caring for children with albinism. You are amazing! If you are looking for support, please reach out to one of the other organisations dedicated to helping families affected by albinism or us. Together, we can make a difference in the lives of these beautiful children.


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Homemade Dividend
Homemade Dividend means dividend created by a stockholder through selling a portion of shares held. Its an opposition to a dividend received from the company that issued the stock. If investors want an income from their stocks, even if the company does not declare a dividend, they can sell a portion of their shares.
Additional - what is the meaning of Homemade Dividend?
For example if a stockholder owns 1000 shares, he can sell 10 shares to receive money equal to 1% dividend. After the sale the value of his stocks will be 1% less, but that would have been the same if the company had declared 1% dividend, because that also reduces the stock price.
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text:
To get started recording magic wand gestures:
- Upload the Magic Wand Capture sketch to an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense board
- Connect to the board using the Bluetooth button below.
- Wave the wand to make gestures. They'll be recorded and displayed on the right.
- Review the gestures, add labels by clicking on the '?', and remove mistakes.
- Download the gestures as a JSON data file, ready for model training.


text:
Q: As a young airman in Japan during the 1950s, I often heard locals (and GIs) use the expression samo, samo to mean the same. Did this usage give us the expression "same old, same old"?
A: The use of samo, samo in Asia apparently predates the appearance of American GIs by quite a few years.
An English buccaneer noticed this use of the phrase among the people of Mindanao in the 1600s. Back then in the Philippines, it didn't exactly mean "same old, same old," but it did refer to sameness.
We came across this information in an 1862 reference book, A Dictionary of English Etymology, by Hensleigh Wedgwood, with notes by George P. Marsh.
In a bracketed note, Marsh cites this passage from A New Voyage Round the World (1703), by the much-traveled adventurer and explorer William Dampier:
"They would always be praising the English, as declaring that the English and Mindanaians were all one. This they exprest by putting their two fore-fingers close together, and saying that the English and Mindanaians were samo, samo, that is, all one."
Marsh, in his note, wonders whether samo in that quotation was "a native word, or had the people of Mindanao borrowed it from earlier English visitors?"
(Dampier, who lived from 1652 to 1715, really should be the subject of a splashy Hollywood spectacle, but that's another story.)
So did those 17th-century islanders have their own word samo, or did they adapt "same" from English explorers? We'd guess that the usage was influenced by earlier explorers.
In checking a few modern Filipino dictionaries, we find the verb sámò (to cry or plead) and the noun samò (an entreaty), but no indication that either word could refer to sameness.
In a 2001 posting to the Linguist List, Douglas G. Wilson says samo doesn't appear in Japanese dictionaries either, but samo, samo apparently exists as a dialectal variant of a Malay term meaning same or together.
Perhaps this dialectal variant is related to the samo, samo that Dampier heard in the Philippines on his round the world trip. But we suspect that the Malay term may have been influenced by English-speaking visitors.
Our word "same" entered English in about 1200, probably influenced by the Old English swa as well as similar words in Scandinavian languages.
It has cousins in Old Saxon, Old High German, Gothic, Old Irish, Latin, Greek, Lithuanian, Old Slavic, Russian, Sanskrit, and the prehistoric language families proto-Germanic (reconstructed as samaz) and Indo-European (reconstructed as somos).
But back to "same old, same old," an expression suggesting that nothing has changed in one's life.
The usage first showed up in the 1970s in American black English, according to Cassell's Dictionary of Slang.
Did it originate in the phrase samo, samo that you heard while stationed in Japan in the 1950s?
Maybe it did … and maybe it didn't. Here's the story.
In "Bamboo English," a 1955 article in the journal American Speech, Arthur M. Z. Norman suggests that samo, samo originated in the Japanese tendency to use reduplication when speaking pidgin English. (In linguistics, reduplication is the repetition of the root of a word or part of it.)
"The changey-changey samey-samey phenomenon heard among the Japanese," Norman writes, "is responsible for samo-samo 'the same' in American Slang."
But Wilson, in another 2001 posting to the Linguist List, raises the possibility that samo, samo may have been coined not by the Japanese but by US soldiers – as baby talk the GIs used in an attempt to communicate.
"It is possible that 'samo' or even 'samo-samo' was simply a nonsense augmentation of 'same' by American servicemen," he says.
Channeling a '50s GI, Wilson adds: "That's how we used to say 'same' in Tijuana, maybe it'll work here too," or "I think these people will understand English if you repeat each word slowly, with 'o' or 'a' on the end; they understood me fine that way in Manila."
In answer to your question, the 1950s phrase samo, samo, meaning the same, may have evolved into the 1970s expression "same old, same old," meaning nothing's changed, but this isn't certain.
Although some word sleuths see a connection between the two expressions, Cassell's describes "same old, same old" as merely a slang version of the standard English "same old thing."

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
The John Hancock Center for Youth and Family Ministry, located on the campus of La Sierra University, is a research and resource center providing support to youth ministry professionals, and parents worldwide. The Hancock Center was established in direct response to recommendations from the Valuegenesis research taskforce.
Following the comprehensive Valuegenesis inquiry into the formation of faith, values and commitment among Adventist youth, the Project Affirmation Taskforces formulated clear recommendations for immediate planned change. They called their recommendations "Imperatives for Action." These visions of a more effective church included an unprecedented call for the establishment of youth ministry centers to support and expand the educational efforts of the union and local conference youth ministry leadership. The recommendations concluded with this clear call: "In response to the need to renew professional and volunteer youth ministry, we recommend that youth ministry resource and research centers be established."
On May 23, 1991 the La Sierra University Board of Trustees voted the establishment of the center as an official university entity and approved the commencement of both fund-raising and educational activities. The John H. Hancock Center for Youth Ministry had come into being.
To provide national leadership and resources to aid those working with Adventist youth and young adults in better understanding them, and the effects of the home, church, and school on their faith maturity, and values development.
To provide statistical based resources and training to parents, pastors, and educators as they help youth and young adults to develop a high level of mature faith, and solid core values


hesitation meaning in hindi
Pronunciation of hesitation
hesitation in Images
hesitation Antonyms
hesitation Definitions and meaning in English
 1. indecision in speech or action
 2. a certain degree of unwillingness
 3. the act of pausing uncertainly
 4. waiting; uncertainty
hesitation Sentences in English
 1. हिचकिचाहट
 She agreed without the slightest hesitation.
 2. हिचक
 There was a hesitation in his speech.
Tags: hesitation meaning in hindi, hesitation ka matalab hindi me, hindi meaning of hesitation, hesitation meaning dictionary. hesitation in hindi. Translation and meaning of hesitation in English hindi dictionary. Provided by KitkatWords.com: a free online English hindi picture dictionary.


text:
I am a newbie to AX, and have some questions regarding to AX4.0 data decimal places storage.
As I know my company has the following AX4.0 decimal places setting:
- Amount: 2 decimal places
- Quantity: 4 decimal places
Here are my questions:
1) How many decimal places are exactly stored in AX4.0 DB in our case?
2) Why >2 decimal places values found in Excel (ver 2003) sum up ledger amount (expect to be "$0"), which exported from General Ledger Module, Ledger Transaction List" text report"? Total details as follow:
- Foreign Ledger Amount -$0.0000000314298063130
- Local Ledger Amount -$0.00000001198613517814
AX2012 R2 Newbie,Arqxlep
1) u can provide no of decimals in EDT property > NoOfDecimals, same is stored in DB too.
2) Question nt clear.... U r having 18decimal places in AX? Excel?
1) Will let u know tmr
2) We export a text file from AX40 transaction ledger list, and found 2 decimal places only in each ledger. But when opening the file in excel and sum up all the ledgers amount, the sum amount have > 2 decimal place come out.
That is what we not understand... Our setting of AX & Excel are as follow:
- AX: 2 dec places in Amount
- Excel: General


text:
Theorem is the art of painting designs on velvet using stencils. Theorem painting was popular in the 1800's -- especially in New England -- but gradually declined after 1850, due to the increasing availability of Victorial floral prints. The word "theorem" means "a theory or analysis" and refers to the way an artist must analyze the picture he/she wants to paint and divide into numbered parts in order to create and cut a stencil. Primitive Beginnings theorem paintings are all hand made, one of a kind, and signed by the artist. All theorem painints are made in USA by American artists.
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text:
Max C. Fleischmann College of Agriculture. Agricultural Experiment Station
Found in 1 Collection or Record:
Identifier: AC 0239
Abstract In 1887, when the Hatch Act provided federal funds, the Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station was created by the Board of Regents. From the beginning, there was an emphasis on experimental work and extension services. It expanded its services under the Adams Act in 1906, and in 1925 the Purnell Fund was established for the further endowment of the experiment stations. The collections contains records of the Agricultural Experiment Station and agricultural issues. The majority of the...


Superimpose means laying one thing on top of another. It's often use to describe images in a photo collage — like the superimposed image of a skyscraper on the surface of the moon.
The verb superimpose is typically used in graphics or photography to describe how images can be put on top of one another for dramatic effect. Use it also to show adding your own take on something, or when you try to have an impact on someone's behavior: "She tried to superimpose her ideas of perfection onto the lazy habits of her children."
Definitions of superimpose
v place on top of
"can you superimpose the two images?"
lay over, superpose
Type of:
lay, place, pose, position, put, set
put into a certain place or abstract location
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Ella Sharp Art and History Museum (Hillside Farm)
-A A +A
Hillside Farm
1840s; 1857; 1967–1968 Peter F. Hurst Planetarium, 1968 exhibition gallery, 1987 Mildred I. Hadwin Center, Dabbert and Fleming. 3225 4th St.
This community cultural complex is made up of a nineteenth-century farmhouse, historic buildings moved onto the grounds, and a twentieth-century art center (Mildred I. Hadwin Center), planetarium (Peter F. Hurst Planetarium), and gallery (Exhibition Gallery). They stand in a park setting on the Hillside Farm site. The site was acquired by Abraham Wing of Glens Falls, New York, in 1855 and it passed through the Dwight Merriman Family to their daughter Ella Sharp (1857–1912). Within a short time the Merrimans and Sharps expanded the farm to more than six hundred acres of pastures and meadows and developed its reputation for its dairy and livestock herds and its orchards. Additions were wrapped around the north and west sides of the farmhouse. The house was then crowned with a three-story Italianate tower topped with a belvedere to form the appearance of the present-day museum.
Writing Credits
Kathryn Bishop Eckert
What's Nearby
Kathryn Bishop Eckert, "Ella Sharp Art and History Museum (Hillside Farm)", [Jackson, Michigan], SAH Archipedia, eds. Gabrielle Esperdy and Karen Kingsley, Charlottesville: UVaP, 2012—,
Print Source
Cover: Buildings of Michigan
Buildings of Michigan, Kathryn Bishop Eckert. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2012, 183-184.
,,


text: Purpose: A simple, precise, specific, and accurate High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC) and Ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometer method was developed and validated for determination of Piroxicam (PRX) in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Methods: The different analytical performance parameters such as linearity, accuracy, specificity, precision, and sensitivity (limit of detection and limit of quantification) were determined according to International Conference on Harmonization ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines. HPLC was conducted on Water Spherisorb® analytical column used having the dimension of 5 µm, 4.6*250mm. The mobile phase was consisting of buffer (containing 0.1 M potassium di hydrogen phosphate solution having pH 3.0) and acetonitrile (ACN) in the ratio 1:3 v/v, and the flow rate was maintained at 1.0 mL/min. PRX was monitored using Water Breeze 2 system equipped with photo diode array detector (λ = 333 nm) and also by UV spectrophotometer (λ = 333 nm) by Shimadzu UV 1800. Results: Linearity was observed in concentration range of 10–50 µg/mL by HPLC and 0-10 µg/mL by UV spectroscopy method. Correlation coefficient was found to be 0.9967 and 0.9962 respectively by HPLC and UV method. Linearity, accuracy, specificity, precision, and sensitivity (limit of detection and limit of quantification) were determined and value find within the range as specified by ICH guidelines. Conclusion: All the system suitability parameters were found within the range. The performed method is rapid, cost-effective and can be used as a quality-control tool for routine quantitative analysis of PRX in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms.


text: Treating electron correlation more accurately and efficiently is at the heart of the development of electronic structure methods. In the present work, we explore the use of stochastic approaches to evaluate high-order electron correlation energies, whose conventional computational scaling is unpleasantly steep, being O(Nn+3) with respect to the system size N and the perturbation order n for the Møller-Plesset (MP) series. To this end, starting from Goldstone's time-dependent formulation of ab initio many-body perturbation theory (MBPT), we present a reformulation of MBPT, which naturally leads to a Monte Carlo scheme with O(nN2 + n2N + f(n)) scaling at each step, where f(n) is a function of n depending on the specific numerical scheme. Proof-of-concept calculations demonstrate that the proposed quantum Monte Carlo algorithm successfully extends the previous Monte Carlo approaches for MP2 and MP3 to higher orders by overcoming the factorial scaling problem. For the first time, Goldstone's time-dependent formulation is made useful numerically for electron correlation energies, not only being purely as a theoretical tool.


text:
Thermorheological behavior of Alaska pollock (AP) and Pacific whiting (PW) surimi was evaluated during gelation at different moisture contents (80% to 95%). The temperature sweep data (storage modulus, G′, compared with temperature) for both surimi clearly indicated G′ minima. Unlike for the PW surimi, the minimum values of the AP sarimi was moisture-content dependent and there was a linear relationship between logarithm of concentration and reciprocal absolute temperature at gelation. The activation energy (Ea) for aggregation after gelation temperature at each moisture content was calculated by a nonisothermal kinetic model for both AP and PW Surimi. The Ea values increased with moisture content of the system and ranged from 172.8 to 232.9 kJ/mol. Based on the assumption that melting temperature for a thermo-reversible gel may be considered equivalent to gelation temperature for thermo-irreversible gels, an Arrhenius-type model was used to estimate the enthalpy of cross-links formation for AP surimi to be 300.3 kJ/mol.
|Journal||Journal of Food Science|
|Publication status||Published - 2004 Sep 1|
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Food Science


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Forward your CC email
There are a couple of common ways to forward your email to another account. Either directly from Office365, or from within Gmail.
From Office 365
 1. Use single sign-in to log into your CC webmail (click the "Email" button once signed in).
 2. If it didn't go there automatically, click the "Mail" icon in Office 365.
 3. Click the gear icon to access settings and select "options"
 4. Find the option on the left for forwarding. It's in Mail > Accounts.
 5. Select the radio button for "start forwarding." Make sure to include the address, decide whether you want to keep a copy of forwarded messages, and then click save.
From Gmail
1. In Gmail: Go to settings > Accounts and import > Check mail from other accounts > Add a POP3 account you own
2. Enter your email address, and then the fields as you see them below (of course, use your own information).
NOTE when it asks for username, you need to enter it as "" which is different than your email address. See the example below.
3. For Server, use "" Leave the Port as 995.
Pop settings
4. It's a good idea and highly recommended to check "Leave a copy of retrieved messages on the server." If you check this then you'll have a backup of your messages in your CC inbox and you will be able to access your entire mailbox from any other mail program.
5. Click Add Account and you should be done!


jpl-queues is a library implementing a few different kinds of queue data structures.
These kinds of queues are provided:
 - Bounded and unbounded FIFO queues.
 - Lossy bounded FIFO queues that drop elements when full.
 - Unbounded random-order queues that use less memory than unbounded FIFO queues.
Additionally, a synchronization wrapper is provided to make any queue conforming to the jpl-queues API thread-safe for lightweight multithreading applications. (See Calispel for a more sophisticated CL multithreaded message-passing library with timeouts and alternation among several blockable channels.)
jpl-queues is used by Calispel.
ASDF-install package (obsolete)


text:
What is the difference between commands
sudo -i and
sudo su -?
Are they the same?
They may provide functionally close to the same thing, but it seems'sudo -i' is lighter weight and keeps some handy back references in your environment.
You can see the extra processes by looking at 'ps auxf' (f gives you a forest view)
sudo -i yields this process tree
sudo su - yields this process tree
Note that they are starting from the same bash process pid, 4482, but that su - seems to spawn another step.)
Your first'sudo' is already elevating your access level to root. Running su without specifying a username inside sudo changes the current user to root twice.
Another way to investigate this is by running both commands with strace -f.
If you diff those two straces, you'll see more exeve's being run for sudo su -.
One more thing.
sudo -i maintains the extra environment variables set by SUDO.
sudo su - clobbers those variables.
Shot answer: No, they are not the same.
Long answer: sudo and su - are different programs that accomplish the same task, that is elevating you to root privileges.
su used to be the de facto way of becoming root on Linux systems. However there was always the need to separate privileges and leave some auditing info behind. Also when you do su - everything you do is done as root and is dangerous to have that much power. Here is where sudo came to the rescue.
sudo has some characteristics that su does not. The key element in sudo is it's ability to to run "one" command as root and then drop privileges to normal user. Example: Remove a file owned by root.
This command will erase the file because sudo will elevate you to root every time you use the sudo command before another command. The next command you ran will be run like a normal user (unless you append the sudo command in the beginning). This allows you to accomplish administrative task and then drop privileges immediately helping you avoid dangerous conditions.
sudo also provides other benefits likes restricting the set of program a user can run, logs commands run under sudo and other things. For more info sudo in a nutshell
When you do su - or sudo -i you do the same thing. That is becoming root but keep in mind that su and sudo are completely different and provide you with different tools as a system admin. Personally I NEVER run su - and my pam policy prohibits it, allowing no one to run it. In my systems you always have to use sudo cause of the added benefits.
More info: Using and enabling sudo


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Page Object Model (POM)
Page Object Model (POM) in Test Automation
We got familiarized with TestCafe, an automation tool for web-based applications, in one of our earlier blogs. In this article we will see what Page Object Model (POM) is for TestCafe, its advantages and how to create a basic framework.
What is Page Object Model (POM)?
Page Object Model is a design pattern which is commonly used in Test Automation to enhance test maintenance and reduce code duplication. It helps in building an Object Repository for Web UI elements, which boosts the readability of your tests too.
In a Page Object Model, each page in the web application contains a corresponding Page Class which comprises the Web Elements and the Methods which operate on those Web Elements.
Page Object Model
Why do we need Page Object Model?
For better understanding of this, let us take the example of the home page of a web application, which has a menu bar leading to different modules with different features. Suppose a developer changes an element such as ID/NAME/CLASS, on this, which is being used in multiple test scripts. This leads to a condition where you need to remember to change the location in all the fields where it is being used. Updating the locators in a duplicated code can be a time consuming and a tedious job, and can be subject to omissions, which may lead to errors. This is one major reason why we use POM. It helps in making the code more readable, maintainable and reusable.
How to create POM Framework using TestCafe?
Implementing your own POM framework is quite easy now. Let us discuss bit-by-bit on how to implement your own POM using TestCafe. Here we are using Visual Studio Code to write scripts. You can download it by going to the following link.
Throughout this tutorial article, we will be using the demo website, "_URL_ as an example.
Let's get started
- Install Node – explained in the previous article _URL_
- Create a Project Folder and open the Project Folder in Visual Studio Code
1. Initialize project.json
In package.json file, we can store information about the project such as name, version, description, scripts, dependencies, git repository links, etc.
To initialize project.json file, type "npm init" command either in VS integrated terminal or any external terminal. It will prompt you to a set of questions about project, just fill it if required or just hit Enter. At the end, it will prompt – "Is this OK? (yes)". Type "yes".
This will create a project.json file inside your Project Folder. You can find the screenshots of the same below.
2. Install dependencies
The dependency in our project is TestCafe. Install your dependency locally to your project by executing the command "npm install testcafe".
This will create a node modules folder, which contains node modules with respect to TestCafe. You can see that the dependency of TestCafe with version will be added in package.json file.
3. Create a Folder "Page" and create a "LoginPage.js" file under it
4. Declare a Page Object Class in "LoginPage.js" file
This class will contain all the element locators and methods of Login Page. Hence name it as LoginPage.js.
5. Add Page elements to the Page Model
Go to "_URL_ right-click on email address text field and click on Inspect. Then Elements Panel will be displayed, and the element will be highlighted in the DOM. Mostly, an element can be uniquely identified by using its classname, id, value withText or xpaths. Now in this example, the unique locator to identify web element email address is "id = email". Hence you can use it as "emailId = Selector(_TAG_);"
Similarly, unique locator for other two elements are also found.
Now, you must be wondering what is this "Selector" that has been used in the above step.
Selector in TestCafe
A Selector is a function in TestCafe that identifies a webpage element in the test. Import the Selector constructor from the TestCafe module. With the help of Selector, you can store the web element in a variable and perform actions on these elements.
6. Create a Folder "Test", with a subfolder "login" and create "login_test.js" file under it
Under "Test" folder, test scripts related to each module should be separated by their module name. For example, in this case, login test cases will be included in "login_test.js", which is under login folder. Similarly, if there is a register module, then create a separate folder called "Register" under "Test" folder and write test script related to register module in "register_test.js" file. This ensures that the test cases are categorized with respect to the modules.
7. Write Test Script that uses Page Model elements
a. In the test file, import the page model instance from LoginPage.js. Then create an object of that page "const loginPage = new LoginPage()", and now you will be able to use locators or methods defined in LoginPage.js file by using "loginPage" object.
Declare a test fixture by using fixture function – you can specify the description of the test as "fixture 'TestCafe Framework'", URL of the webpage with keyword as ".page '_URL_ The metadata, initialization and clean-up code for tests can be included in the fixture using test hooks like beforeEach, afterEach etc.
b. To create a test, use keyword test(), where we can specify all TestCafe actions.
Each test() has its own description – in this case it is, "Login Test"
test('Login Test', async t => {
 //test code goes here
The "t" used in the above code is a test controller, you can use any name you want but the general convention is to use "t".
In the screenshot, you can see that we have used await t.typeText('Selector', 'text'); it means that we are asking the test controller to use typeText function.
Screenshot of how to import page model instance, create an object, declare a fixture and write your tests and actions
8. Add Actions to the Page Model, i.e., add common methods that is used by login_test.js file
LoginPage.js with login (email, password) function
In this case, Line 12, 13 and 14 constitute an operation that can be used in most of the test cases to log in to the application with different inputs. Hence, a login function is defined with email and password as parameters in LoginPage.js file.
The image below shows how to access or call "login" function from "login_test.js".
Line 11, Calling login function by passing parameters from Login_test.js
9. Create a config.js file
Example which demonstrates how to define config file
Line 8, 12 shows how to read data from config.js file
Configuration files are mainly used to store Global fields that are used throughout the tests or even database configuration details. It is mainly used to maintain project configuration data, database config, project settings etc. Each parameter in config file is stored in a key and value format, where each line has a single key-value pair.
10. Create a data folder to store data related to specific tests/pages
Create a new folder called "data" and create a new file under it and name it as "login.js". Files under data folder should contain test data that will be utilized by your login test scripts such as valid login credentials, invalid login credentials, success messages, error messages etc.
The main purpose of this is to avoid hard coded values. Data sets increases test coverage by performing testing with various inputs of valid and invalid data, with all the data easily maintained at a single location.
Line 21 and 23 shows the usage of test data in login_test.js
Login.js file should contain all the test data that will be used by your login test scripts.
11. Create a common helper function file to store functions used by all your test modules/pages
Create a folder and name it as "common" and create a file under it with name "helperFunction.js".
There may be functions which can be used by more than one test script. Thus, these methods are grouped together in a file called "helperFunction.js". The following images depict how the test script can access these common methods by importing them into the test file.
Define all the common functions used throughout your test
Line 4, 20, 21, 23 shows usage of common helper functions from login_test.js file
Done! You have successfully completed creating your own POM framework.
Your final folder structure should look something like this,
POM Summary
POM model approach makes test automation framework programmer friendly by keeping tests and the element locators separate. This keeps the code clean and understandable. The result is that test cases can easily be implemented, updated, maintained and reused.
We hope, with this information you will be able to easily create your own POM framework for your project. Stay tuned for more. Happy testing!!!
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Water Bouncer vs Water Trampoline? Know the Difference Before Buying
There's a hot new trend among kids, and it's NOT a gadget, it's not powered by the Internet, and it doesn't even have a screen. What?!
It's called a water bouncer. So far, mostly passionate gymnasts and adventure-loving enthusiasts who live near a body of water know about it. But it's quickly catching on.
So, What Is a Water Bouncer?
A water bouncer is an inflatable platform that kids (and adults) use for fun and light exercise. It's first inflated and set up on land, and then moved onto the water.
The main parts of a water bouncer are an inflatable outer tube and a jump mat. Since it's so bouncy, it can be used for some light gymnastic exercises. Of course, kids often just use it to bounce for fun.
Starzcom's water bouncer comes with an electric pump which can inflate it in only four minutes. This makes the bouncer a cool party gadget for a day out on the lake. It's light, compact when deflated, quickly inflated, and easy to carry around.
It's a relatively new trend, so the summer of 2020 will hopefully be remembered NOT as a COVID-19 summer, but as the summer the water bouncers took off, covering lakes and bays, providing kids with hours of healthy fun.
How Is a Water Bouncer Different from a Water Trampoline?
Though people sometimes use these two terms interchangeably, there are some clear differences between water bouncers and trampolines.
The main technical difference is that water trampolines use springs to connect the jump mat with the outer tube, while bouncers use webbing. These springs are metal, and many trampolines also have a steel frame strapped to the tube, making the construction a little heavier, but also making trampolines a little bouncier than water bouncers.
Trampolines are also a bit more difficult to assemble, because of the frame and metal parts – it takes more time to set them up than bouncers. That's why their owners often anchor them for the whole summer. Otherwise, it would be a lot of hassle to go through the process multiple times during the season.
Water bouncers are lighter, without any metal parts which makes them ideal for younger children, and they are usually smaller than trampolines. Less costly as well.
Are Water Bouncers Safe?
As we mentioned, water bouncers don't have any metal springs or frames on the outer tube, so they are safer than trampolines. They are completely suitable for younger kids.
They are made of a sturdy PVC material, and can withstand all the jumping, stomping and savagery young kids can summon on their brightest vacation day.
Bouncers also have an anti-skid jump mat surface which decreases the chance of ugly falls and injuries.
It's important to understand that water bouncers are not the same thing as air tracks. If your kids are interested in practicing some riskier gymnast moves, flips, somersaults, etc., it's probably wiser to get an air track. It can be used both on land and water.
Water bouncers are safe as long as they are used properly – for recreational bouncing, light gymnastics, and lazy lounging in the sun.
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text:
Licensable food businesses
A licensable food business is a food business that:
- involves the manufacture of food (making food by combining ingredients)
- is carried on by an entity other than a non-profit organisation and involves the sale of unpackaged food by retail. For example:
- restaurant, café or bar
- take away food shop
- is carried on by a non-profit organisation and involves the sale, on at least 12 days each financial year, of meals prepared by the organisation at a particular place. For example:
- a restaurant, open daily to the public, operated by a sporting club to raise revenue for the club
- a non-profit organisation preparing and selling meals to homeless persons at a homeless persons' hostel
- the preparation of meals by Meals on Wheels.
If your food business meets one or more of the following criteria, you do not require a licence.
- the production of primary produce under an accreditation granted under the Food Production (Safety) Act 2000, part 5 (for example the Meat Scheme, Seafood Scheme, Dairy Scheme and Egg Scheme). The regulation of this Act is the responsibility of Safe Food Production Queensland.
- the sale of unpackaged snack food
- the sale of whole fruit or vegetables
- the sale of seeds, spices, dried herbs, tea leaves, coffee beans or ground coffee
- the grinding of coffee beans
- the sale of drinks (other than fruit or vegetable juice processed at the place of sale) including, for example, tea, coffee, soft drinks and alcoholic drinks
- the sale of ice including flavoured ice.
Exemption criteria for non-profit organisations
- the sale of meals if—the meal consists only of fruit, cereal, toast, or similar food—or the consumer of the meal helps to prepare it.
- the sale of meals that are pre-prepared by an entity other than the organisation, and are stored and heated—or otherwise prepared—by the organisation in accordance with directions of the meal's manufacturer. (For example the sale of a frozen meal, at the canteen of an independent school, after the meal is microwaved in accordance with instructions on the meal's packaging).
- the sale by a non-profit organisation of a meal prepared as part of an educational or training activity conducted by the organisation involving food preparation, hospitality or catering.
- the sale of meals by a surf lifesaving club that is a non-profit organisation, when a member is involved in the preparation of the meal and the meal is sold to a member of the club for a nominal fee.
Non-profit organisations have a number of exemptions under the Food Act 2006. These are listed above.
Find documents that outline the requirements that will affect non-profit organisations
Mobile food businesses
A mobile food business is only required to have a food business licence in one of the local government areas within which they intend to operate.
Details of the licence must be displayed at mobile premises, in a prominent position so the details are easily visible to customers
A mobile food premises is one that includes:
- a vehicle from which a person sells unpackaged food by retail
- a food vending machine.
It does not include:
- a food transport vehicle that is only used to transport food for a business for off-site catering
- a food delivery vehicle.
Food businesses operating from mobile premises are required to comply with the provisions of the Food Act 2006 and the Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code, and are subject to the same licensing requirements as a food business operating from fixed premises.
A register of mobile food businesses is publicly available and contains licence details of each mobile food business.


text:
Pama Languages Press, established by Pama Language Centre in 2017, is supporting writers in First Nations Languages.
Pama Languages Press aims to enable First Nations authors and language champions to develop ancestral language literature and resources required to support both community based language revitalisation and maintenance and support school based language curricula. Very little published literature and educational material is currently available in the First Nations languages of Cape York Peninsula.
Pama Languages Press is working with First Nations authors and language champions to establish a new ancestral languages publishing domain. We develop traditional and contemporary First Nations ancestral language literature in both print and digital media, promoting ancestral language literacy and developing professional pathways in First Nations languages.
As a multi media publishing company established specifically for the purpose of First Nation ancestral language revitalisation Pama Languages Publishing will be able to:
- create employment and support to authors interested in taking on the challenge of writing in First Nations Languages
- establish status and recognition for First Nations languages as languages of high culture
- create training pathways and opportunities for careers in Ancestral Languages literacy, translation and teaching.
By supporting authors, developing essential resources and by strongly contributing to the building of ancestral language pathways via employment and training, Pama Languages Press will work to build many of the foundational resources and much of the expertise necessary for ancestral language viability.
The development of a professional corps of First Nations Ancestral Language Experts – including writers, editors, teachers, translators and language curriculum experts – is a necessary step toward ensuring and developing the cultural capital of Cape York Peninsula.


text:
This arcade like-game that works well for catechism lessons when covering Luke 5:1-11 or Mark 1:16-19. In these Scripture readings, Jesus calls Peter and his other disciples to follow him.
"And Jesus said to them, "Follow Me, and I will make you become fishers of men."[Mark 1:17]
The goal is to fish and catch one of the 12 disciples using a pole made from a canning ring attached by string to a yardstick. Kids will think right away the challenge is easy, but it is difficult due to the long lever arm of the pole. There is little precise control because a little wiggle of the end of the pole makes the canning ring move a lot!
Supplies of the Fishing of Disciples Game:
- 12 heavy bottles the shape of beer bottles or wine coolers
- Laminated cutouts of the 12 Disciples rubber-banded to the bottles
- enlarge and print the 12 disciples character sheet available from Kristy Mcallister's blog on cardstock
- laminate each individual photo
- 2 Fishing poles made of a yard stick, a 3 feet piece of string and a wide-mouth canning lid
Setup of the Fishing for Disciples Game:
- Divide the class into 2 teams
- Divide the Disciple bottles between the 2 teams.
To Play Fishing for Disciples Game:
- Line each team in front of their group of 6 bottles
- Give the first person in each line a "canning ring fishing pole".
- Designate a timer and a point recorder.
- Give each person 1 minute to try to get the ring on as many Disciples bottles as possible. Remove the Disciple bottle from play once caught.
- The next person in line is to try to catch remaining Disciple bottles.
- If a team catches all bottles before the last person is finished with their turn, then reset the bottles and then that team gets bonus for each additional Apostle caught.
If it is too difficult, move the bottles close enough to each other so they touch each other.


text:
The Benanti winery was founded in 1988 by Giuseppe Benanti, a pharmaceutical entrepreneur from Catania who decided to turn his family's long standing traditional passion into an ambitious and challenging new venture. Wine had been produced by the family for several generations, mostly for private consumption, until Giuseppe finally decided to establish the winery with the aim of preserving the unique terroir of Etna's volcanic slopes, whilst cherishing and developing the indigenous Etnean varieties.
The winery is now run by Giuseppe's two sons Antonio and Salvino who have continued the original aim to respect the varietal characteristics of the Etnean varieties, by adopting and maintaining a very traditional approach and philosophy. Describing their wines as 'slow wines', the brothers ensure nothing is rushed in Benanti winemaking; they are committed to producing only high quality wines from vineyards located on different slopes of Mount Etna, so as to highlight the uniqueness of the many different terroirs within the Etna DOC region. The family now owns vineyards in different DOC areas to the north, south, and east of the Etnean massif allowing them to produce an intriguing range of wines from the indigenous varieties Nerello Mascalese, Nerello Cappuccio, Carricante and Minnella.
The area provides a unique microclimate due partly to the proximity to the sea, partly to the volcanic soil and also to the cone-shaped surface of the slopes which provide excellent exposure to the sun. The sea breezes and the altitude ensure the grapes are cooled in what would otherwise be a very hot climate, and therefore the ripening process reaches its full potential but, crucially, without being rushed.
Benanti is considered both an iconic producer and a pioneer that has set a very high standard and has certainly inspired other wineries. With a history of 22 harvest seasons on Etna, Benanti has worked every day with an ever-increasing passion to perfect the presentation of Etna both as a land and a community, and its native grape varieties.


Duck TrueMotion 1
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Duck TrueMotion 1 (TM1) is the first video codec developed by The Duck Corporation. It uses differential pulse code modulation and interframe differencing. The primary application for which Duck TrueMotion 1 was developed is gaming software, typically on PC or Sega Saturn titles.
Underlying Concepts
TM1 operates on bidirectional delta quantization. The mathematical premise of delta coding is simple addition. For example, take the following sequence of numbers:
 82 84 81 80 86 88 85
All of the numbers are reasonably large (on a scale of 0..255 in this example). However, they are quite similar to each other. Using delta coding, only the differences between successive numbers are stored:
 82 +2 -3 -1 +6 +2 -3
The first number is still large but since the remaining numbers are clustered close to each other, the deltas are relatively small. Thus, the deltas require less information to encode.
TM1 takes this concept and extends it to 2 dimensions. A particular pixel is assumed to have a pixel directly above it and a pixel directly to the left (if neither of these pixels exist in the frame, e.g., for the top-left corner pixel, 0 is used in place of the non-existant pixels). The current pixel is decoded as the sum of the up and left pixels, plus a delta from the encoded video bitstream.
 encoded video bitstream:...D5 D6 D7 D8...
 decoded video frame:
 A B C D
 E F G H
In this example, the encoded video bitstream is sitting at delta D5 when it is time to decode pixel E. A is the pixel above E. There is no pixel to the left of E, so 0 is used as the left value. Thus:
 E = A + 0 + D5
In the case of pixel F, both the up and left pixel values (called the vertical and horizontal predictors, respectively) are available:
 F = B + E + D6
That is the general idea behind decoding TM1 data. The actual decoding algorithm is more involved. The TM1 bytestream actually contains a series of indices that point into tables with the delta values to be applied to the vertical and horizontal predictor pixels. These tables only specify small deltas to be added to pixel predictors. When a larger delta is needed because the delta between 2 numbers is too large, then a special bytestream code indicates that the next delta is to be multiplied by 5 before it is applied.
TM1 operates on 4x4 macroblocks of pixels. Each block in a frame can be broken into 4 2x2 blocks, 2 halves (either 4x2 or 2x4), or encoded as a 4x4 block. The block type is encoded in the frame header.
While the TM1 algorithm operates on RGB colorspace data at the input and output level, it borrows some ideas from YUV colorspaces. For more information of RGB and YUV colorspaces, see the References section.
TM1 uses a modified colorspace that embodies luminance (Y) and chrominance (C) information encoded as RGB deltas. Since Y information is more important to the human eye than C information, the Y data must be updated more frequently than the C data (i.e., more Y predictors than C predictors are applied to the image). For a every pixel within a given block in a macroblock, a Y predictor must be applied. However, only one C predictor is applied for each block in the macroblock.
TrueMotion v1 Frame Format and Header
All multi-byte numbers are stored in little endian format.
An encoded intraframe (keyframe) of TM1 data is laid out as:
 header | predictor indices
An encoded interframe is laid out as:
 header | block change bits | predictor indices
The difference between the 2 types of frames is that an interframe has a section of bits that specify which blocks in the frame are unchanged from the previous frame.
A TM1 header is quasi-encrypted with a logical XOR operation. This is probably done to provide some obfuscation of the header and thwart casual inspection of the data format.
An encoded TM1 frame begins with the one byte that indicates the length of the decrypted header, only with a dummy high bit and rotated left by 5. To obtain the actual length from byte B:
 L = ((B >> 5) | (B << 3)) & 0x7F
Then, decrypt the header by starting with byte 1 in the encoded frame (indexing from 0) and XORing each byte with its successive byte. Assuming the header is of length L bytes as computed above, and that the encoded header starts at buffer[1] (buffer[0] had the rotated length), the decode process is:
 for (i = 1; i < L; i++)
 decoded_header[i - 1] = buffer[i] ^ buffer[i + 1];
The decoded header data structure is laid out as follows:
 byte 0 compression method
 byte 1 delta set
 byte 2 vector set
 bytes 3-4 frame height
 bytes 5-6 frame width
 bytes 7-8 checksum
 byte 9 version
 byte 10 header type
 byte 11 flags
 byte 12 control
 bytes 13-14 x offset
 bytes 15-16 y offset
 bytes 17-18 width
 bytes 19-20 height
The compression method field indicates the type of compression used to encode this frame. There are 2 general types: 16-bit and 24-bit. Further, each has 4 block sizes to select from. The valid compression types are
 0, 9, 11, 13, 15: NOP frames; frame is unchanged from previous frame
 1: 16-bit 4x4 (V)
 2: 16-bit 4x4 (H)
 3: 16-bit 4x2 (V)
 4: 16-bit 4x2 (H)
 5: 16-bit 2x4 (V)
 6: 16-bit 2x4 (H)
 7: 16-bit 2x2 (V)
 8: 16-bit 2x2 (H)
 10: 24-bit 4x4 (H)
 12: 24-bit 4x2 (H)
 14: 24-bit 2x4 (H)
 16: 24-bit 2x2 (H)
>16: invalid compression type
The (H) and (V) designations come from the original Duck source code. It is unclear what they mean, except for the common horizontal and vertical designations common in video terminology.
The delta set and vector set fields are used to generate the set of predictor tables that will be used to decode this frame.
The height and width fields should be the same as those specified in the AVI file that contains the data.
The checksum field appears to contain the frame's sequence number modulo 512. The first frame is 0x0000 and the next frame is 0x0001. Frame #511 has a checksum of 0x01FF while frame #512 wraps around to 0x0000.
If the version field is less than 2, then the frame is intracoded (this may indicate that early versions of the coding method was purely intracoded). If the version field is greater than or equal to 2, then if the header type field is 2 or 3, the flags field has bit 4 set (flags & 0x10) to indicate an intraframe; else if the header type field is greater than 3, then the header is invalid; else the frame is intracoded.
The purpose of the control field is unclear.
The x & y offset, width, and height fields apparently pertain to a sprite mode that is not covered in this document.
16-bit Data
Decoding a 16-bit frame requires 2 tables. The tables can change from one frame to the next and must be rebuilt if the header specified a new table. One table contains the C predictors while the other contains the Y predictors.
Each table consists of 1024 32-bit entries. Each group of 4 entries corresponds to a byte index from 0..255. Each entry contains a double pixel predictor shifted left by one. If the very last bit (bit 0) in the 32-bit entry is 0, then there is another predictor for that index. If the last bit is 1, then this predictor is the last one for this list.
For example...
 A B C D...
 E F G H...
 I J K L...
 M N O P...
24-bit Data
The process of decoding a 24-bit frame is similar to that of decoding a 16-bit frame. However, the frame is decoded into 2 separate planes, a Y plane and a C plane, and recombined into a final RGB map at render time.
Duck TrueMotion v1 Tables
Games Using Duck TrueMotion 1
These software titles are known to use the Duck TrueMotion 1 video codec to encode full motion video:


text: In this paper, a high-performance optimal fractional emotional intelligent controller for an Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) in power system using Cuckoo optimization algorithm (COA) is proposed. AVR is the main controller within the excitation system that preserves the terminal voltage of a synchronous generator at a specified level. The proposed control strategy is based on brain emotional learning, which is a self-tuning controller so-called brain emotional learning based intelligent controller (BELBIC) and is based on sensory inputs and emotional cues. The major contribution of the paper is that to use the merits of fractional order PID (FOPID) controllers, a FOPID controller is employed to formulate stimulant input (SI) signal. This is a distinct advantage over published papers in the literature that a PID controller used to generate SI. Furthermore, another remarkable feature of the proposed approach is that it is a model-free controller. The proposed control strategy can be a promising controller in terms of simplicity of design, ease of implementation and less time-consuming. In addition, in order to enhance the performance of the proposed controller, its parameters are tuned by COA. In order to design BELBIC controller for AVR system a multi-objective optimization problem including overshoot, settling time, rise time and steady-state error is formulated. Simulation studies confirm that the proposed controller compared to classical PID and FOPID controllers introduced in the literature shows superior performance regarding model uncertainties. Having applied the proposed controller, the rise time and settling time are improved 47% and 57%, respectively.


text:
scala> df.rdd.getNumPartitions res6: Int = 8 scala> df.coalesce(1).rdd.getNumPartitions res7: Int = 1 scala> df.coalesce(1).explain(extended = true) == Parsed Logical Plan == Repartition 1, false +- LocalRelation [value#1] == Analyzed Logical Plan == value: int Repartition 1, false +- LocalRelation [value#1] == Optimized Logical Plan == Repartition 1, false +- LocalRelation [value#1] == Physical Plan == Coalesce 1 +- LocalTableScan [value#1]
CoalesceExec represents Repartition logical operator at execution (when shuffle was disabled — see BasicOperators execution planning strategy). When executed, it executes the input
child and calls coalesce on the result RDD (with
Please note that since physical operators present themselves without the suffix Exec,
CoalesceExec is the
Coalesce in the Physical Plan section in the following example:
output collection of Attribute matches the
CoalesceExec is about changing the number of partitions not the internal representation).


Which breeds of dogs are the most stubborn?
Most dogs are stubborn for the same reasons as humans. Some of them are simply born stubborn and masterful, some are born leaders and have corresponding temper, and some simply do not know how to behave. However with patience and with proper training, even the most stubborn dog can become indispensable friend and protector.
Which breeds of dogs are the most stubborn?
Stubborn rocks
Some breeds are harder to train than others. Some of these breeds can grow aggressive if not trained properly. Among the small breeds are dachshunds, chihuahua, pug and dwarf pincher – considered one of the most stubborn. All kinds Terriers, from Parson to Bull Terriers, have a well-known stubborn character. Among larger breeds, relatively rebellious working and protective breeds such as boarders Collie, Rottweiler, Doberman, Newfoundland and Golden Retriever.
Perhaps this is not stubbornness
Your dog may not be stubborn, sometimes she may just feel that she has no good reason to do what you mean ask for. Ask yourself what is the benefit for the dog to commit any action, and give her something that she can appreciate. For example, all terriers were bred for hunting, not for entertainment. So if you want to play with him just give him a reason to return the ball to you.
Some dogs were bred to perform certain tasks. without human intervention and therefore need little praise from the owner. For example, hunting or herding dogs could not to do their job if they expected attention from people. In this the group, in addition to terriers, also gets the majority of huskies and spaniels. Always consider for what purpose your breed.
There are other reasons.
Some dogs, such as shepherds, are especially sensitive to the emotions of his master. Your mood can greatly affect your pet's behavior and make learning difficult. More he upsets you, the more he upsets himself. Besides, often dominant behavior in some dogs can be caused external factors, such as annoying behavior of others. Or a dog as it grows older can just sometimes marry framework "as children do.
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text:
Let $X$ and $Y$ be Banach spaces. The notion of the embedded spaces was introduced by D.S. Djordjevic. Say that $X$ embed in $Y$, and write $X \preceq Y$, if there exists a left invertible operator $J:X \rightarrow Y$. My question is the following；
If $X$ embed in $Y$, and $Y$ embed in $X$, then $X$ isomorphic onto $Y$？
PS: The answer is positive when $X$ and $Y$ are Hilbert spaces. But for general Banach space,I can not find a solution. Is there exists a couterexample?


The Richest Man in Babylon – Book Summary
Richest Man in Babylon Cover
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This book is created from the ancient tablet found in the rich city of Babylon. This tablet consists of timeless principles on finance and considered a cure to the lean purse problem. It is said the most of the famous principles of investing and finance are derived from this tablet.
Any person who wants to learn personal finance principles in short stories should read this book. This covers topics about luck in a person's life to things to consider when lending principles. The principles mentioned in the tablet made Babylon a rich city along with the people living in it.
The Richest Man in Babylon
This chapter starts off with a story about two friends, Bansir and Kobi, discussing how they dreamt about having lots of wealth. Both friends dreamt about having lots of gold coins to make their purses fat but till today failed to do it.
They start to wonder the reason behind it but fail to realize. Kobi witnesses a rich person in a golden chariot and clothes made of fine silk wonder about his secret for his wealth. Bansir soon realized that the rich person was their school Arkad and was also the richest man in Babylon.
Bansir and Kobi then decide to take the guidance and understand the secret behind the wealth. Arkad being childhood friend agrees to share his secret with them.
Arkad mentioned that
 - Every person when receiving the salary should at least save 10% of the income before paying off the bills or making any purchases.
 - The saved money should be put at work where it starts multiplying itself and further generating more wealth.
 - Advice is one thing that everyone gives for free, but advice should be taken from individuals from expertise in their respective fields only. Eg investing tips on finance should be taken from a finance expert and not a gambler.
 - Staying away from the investment opportunity that promises exorbitant returns as those are huge risks and way to lose the money. A small return with assured safe investment is always better.
Cure for the Lean Purse
 This chapter describes to the reader the ways to increase saving. Once King of Babylon was facing the problem of poverty and the decline of trade in the kingdom. Facing this problem the King called up Arkad once again to solve this problem.
Arkad along with King decided to share the financial learning with the people in the kingdom that he had learned all along with his life. Arkad starts his story mentioning that he had started with a humble beginning.
For every money you receive, keep one-tenth of the money and eventually, it will increase money in saving which will help you feel good.
To have a clear understanding between necessary expenses with desire, if one does not have a clear budgeting system in place will eventually have empty pockets by the end of the month. So have a budget for expenses for and clear understanding of necessary expenses. Limit your expenses to 90% of your earning.
Saving 10 % of earnings is the start. The next step is investing the money so that it starts multiplying itself. This starts producing a stream of income contributing to one's wealth.
Learning to guard small amounts of money before handling large amounts of money. Not being misleading to make huge wealth rapidly.
Ensuring a future income. A person should plan certain investments or provisions that may endure safely for many years. Provide in advance for the needs of the growing age and the protection of the family.Increasing your earning ability cultivate the power by studying and becoming wiser, to become more skillful. This will increase the wealth of the individual.
Understanding Luck
This story starts with King of Babylon along with his advisors one fine evening discussing luck. King wanted to understand luck and if there was any way to attract it.
Each subject in the meeting mentioned instances where some had luck and some misfortune. Then the discussion turned to create money through gambling. Most of the time creating riches from gambling is not possible. The gambling house creates odds in such a way that the person playing has more probability of losing money compared to winning the money.
As the discussion continued the conclusion was drawn that good luck comes to those who accept the opportunity. Most of the time people are not able to take action on the opportunity and fall prey to procrastination.
While luck follows in such a way that the men take quick action on the opportunity desiring to be lucky. The spirit of procrastination follows men that they tend to delayed action and in the event, the opportunity is lost.
Once a person understands the procrastination and masters it then he is truly on the path of creating riches for himself. The ending note of this chapter is the men who take action are favored by the goddess of luck.
Babylonian Proverb
Babylonian Proverb
The Five Laws of Wealth
Here is the story where the richest man in Babylon Arkad tests the wealth management skills of his son named Nomasir. Nomasir was asked to prove his earning and management skill after which the wealth created by Arkad will be passed on to him.
While Nomasir embarked on this journey he was given some gold coin and the tablet which mentioned the five laws of wealth. Nomasir lost all the gold coins which were handed to him. The son persisted and followed the five principles of wealth and returned with bags filled with gold.
The five laws of wealth
 1. The more money is saved, the more readily it comes in increased quantities. The money which is saved earns more money, and it earns more & more.
 2. Every man who saves some money aside, opportunity comes for its most profitable use that it surprisingly multiplies itself.
 3. Money clings to the protection of the cautious owner who invests it under the advice of men wise in its handling.
 5. Money flees from the man who would force it to impossible earnings or who follows the alluring advice of tricksters and schemers or who trusts it to his own inexperience desires in investment.
Gold Lender of Babylon
This story teaches about lending. This solves the dilemma regarding lending and how to lend money or invest money in the business. The story revolves around the spear maker named Rodan in the city of Babylon. Rodan was gifted gold coins by the King for his craftsmanship.
Rodan's sister came to know about this and asked Rodan to lend that gold coin so her husband could start a business. Rodan was not sure whether this investment was the best option.
Rodan went to a moneylender named Mathon who would lend money to people to start their business. Rodan wanted to seek the counsel of the expert. Mathon seeing that Random wanted to make the best use of the money was a delight and shared his wisdom.
Rules of Lending
 - Help friends in such a way that it will not bring in the burden of friends on to yourself
 - When lending, always secure a token as security so that if the person fails to pay back the money, the lender's money is not lost.
 - The safest loans are those whose possessions are of more value than the one they desire.
 - Lending money to people always asks about their plan of repaying the money back. Check the knowledge of the person and their source of money generation.
 - Never be swayed by mentions or obligation to trust money to other people.
 - Not investing money in risky opportunities where there is a chance of losing money is always better than investing in these opportunities.
understanding Lending
Tablets from the Richest Man in Babylon
Along the chapter, the author mentions that his archaeological team found ancient clay tablets. The clay tablets mentioned words for leading a life of happiness and success.
Words from Tablets
 - A man should keep doing the deeds which makes it worthwhile for his nation & people. This in return will get respect from the nation and people.
 - Taking good care of wife and family as they add in the additional strength to man's vision
 - seeking easy wealth is the way to find disaster and to see oneself in the debts
 - If you truly seek to undo your mistake and ask for forgiveness with clear intentions most of the time you will receive forgiveness.
This book uncovered that people who desired wealth had an understanding of how money works. People of Babylon discovered the money principle which made the people and the city the richest city at its time. It is really amazing how the money principles have stayed the same for ages and are used even today with few tweaks.
One-Line Take-Away
 - Always set 10% of income and invest it in the right places.
 - Getting rich overnight schemes are all risk opportunities to lose money.
 - Learning and cultivating the right mindset is a must to make a person wealthy.
Book Recommended
This is a small book who is looking to understand how money works but is written in old English. This book has stories to make each reader understand money principles and also inspire along the way.
Score – 7/10
Roopesh Bhosle is an author at Hackedwits and writes on summary for books from Business and Finance. A Project Manager at day and content writer at night. Love to learn new things, to connect dots in life. Connect with me on LinkedIn for collaboration on project or Guest Post
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Rules For Part Time Jobs For International Students In the UK
The United Kingdom has been the prime destination for education for a long long time. Many students dream of living and studying in London. However, the cost of living and studying here can get a little expensive, when compared to other countries. As a result, a lot of students decide to become employed, in order to have additional income during their stay here. According to employment law UK, students are allowed to work with certain restrictions. Below we have summarised some of the rules of working as an international student in the UK.
Jobs For International Students In the UK
The work laws for international students are ever changing, here we have summarised the latest rules that must be followed regarding students working hours uk:
 1. Students allowed to work a maximum of 20 hours:
 1. Full-time students, studying at a degree level or above.
 2. Students attending Short-Term studies abroad programme in the UK at an overseas Higher Education Institution.
 2. Students allowed to work a maximum of 10 hours:
 1. Full-time students, studying below degree level.
 2. Any course where the student is a Tier 4 (Child) Student, aged over 16 years old.
The above mentioned students can undertake full-time work during vacation periods.
 1. Students not allowed to work in the UK:
 1. Part time students, studying at post-degree level or above.
 2. Students studying at any level in a publically funded further education college.
 3. Students studying at any level as a private provider
 2. Tier 4 (Child) students under the age of 16 years old.
Things You Must Avoid
There are some employment laws in UK you must keep in mind when undertaking jobs in the UK as an international student.
If you are allowed to work in the UK, you cannot do the following:
 - be employed as a doctor or dentist in training (except on are cognised foundation programme);
 - be employed as an entertainer;
 - be self-employed
 - engage in business activity;
 - fill a full-time, permanent vacancy (except on a recognised foundation programme or where you are filling a post as a Student Union Sabbatical Officer).
 - Please keep in mind that if you break any laws relating to your work, you can be deported, and you could face legal repercussions, which will be detrimental to your career.
 - You shouldn't solely rely on what you earn, part-time employment cannot sustain the living costs in the UK.
 - Most importantly, focus on your studies, money should not be your main concern. You will have plenty of time for that after you graduate!
It takes a lot of courage to study abroad, many students overcome financial strains in order to attend university in the UK. Undertaking part-time work can he essential for international students, not only for the money you can earn, but also for the valuable experience of meeting new people and becoming part of a new culture.
At Study Bridge, we understand the struggles you can be going through, thus we urge you to get in touch with us, any time you need assistance. We also provide career assistance and student guidance throughout their studies. With Study Bridge you'll never be alone.