text:
pipes, waterspouts (which projected out from an upper part of a building or a roof gutter) preserved stonework by diverting the flow of rainwater away from buildings. They prevented rainwater from running down the walls and affecting the foundations. Gargoyles are decorative waterspouts, being carved stone figures with water spouts through their mouths. The figure was often an elongated animal because the length of the gargoyle determines how far water is thrown from the wall. They were usually carved in the form of a grotesque face, figure or frightening creature with wide-opened mouths to enable the water flow.
By the way, the word "gargoyle" shares a common root with the word "gargle"; which comes from "gargouille", a French word for "throat".
History of gargoyles
Gargoyles can be traced back thousands of years in Egypt, Italy and Greece. Lion-shaped gargoyles were used by the ancient Egyptians and on Greek temples. During the Roman Empire, lead pipes were added to gargoyles to channel water without eroding the stone. And gargoyle water spouts were found at the ruins of Pompeii.
There are gargoyles on medieval (Middle aged) church buildings in Western Europe like the Gothic Notre Dame cathedral in Paris. Most were carved out of limestone or marble between the 10th and 15th centuries during the Romanesque and Gothic styles of architecture and decorative arts. Although once lead drainpipes were introduced in the 16th century there was no longer any practical need for gargoyles, they continued to be used for decorative purposes.
A dragon legend
There is a French legend about St. Romanus delivering the village of Rouen from a monster called Gargouille in about 600 AD. The fierce dragon which had a long, reptilian neck, a slender snout, batlike wings and the ability to breathe fire from its mouth, lived in a cave near the river Seine. The dragon caused much fear and destruction with its fiery breath, spouting water and the devouring of ships and men.
There are multiple versions of the story, but when la Gargouille was burned, its head and neck were so well tempered by the heat of its fiery breath that they would not burn. These were then mounted on the walls of the church (or city wall) to scare off evil spirits and used for protection.
Although this legend may be embellished and have changed over time, it's interesting that dragon stories occur in many cultures, particularly the Chinese and Japanese.
Is there a link between dragon gargoyles and dinosaurs?
Dragons and dinosaurs
The word "dragon" was used 23 times in the King James Bible (KJB), which was published in 1611, about 400 years ago. It seems as though the original translators of the KJB understood that a "dragon" was a real creature, not one that was legendary or mythical. It appears the "dragons" that were understood to be real animals were probably types of dinosaur which are now extinct. The translators of the KJB didn't know about dinosaurs as this word was coined 230 years later in 1841. So the word "dragon" is probably an old word for a type of dinosaur.
Could some of the gargoyle dragons have been carved from the dragons that were known in the 1600s?
Ancient images and dinosaurs
There is also a theory that gargoyles were inspired by early findings of dinosaur fossils such as proceratops. Adrienne Mayor ("The First Fossil Hunters: Paleontology in Greek and Roman Times") saw a similarity between some Greek and Roman images and dinosaurs. To explain this she hypothesised that these were based on fossil bones discovered in these times.
She said that, "The earliest depictions of griffins looked really gnarly and brutish. It looked as if the artist were trying to portray something real rather than mythological. And then … I realized that they looked like modern reconstructions of dinosaurs in a museum".
However, as she believed that all the dinosaurs died out millions of years ago, she failed to consider the possibility that the griffins could be based on seeing the actual creatures, not just the bones. After all, it takes modern scientists considerable research to reconstruct the appearance of an unknown animal from its bones.
As the story of the gargoyles relates to ancient times, some of it has probably been lost from our history. But they remind us of a time when buildings were more decorative and ornate. Some speculate about the symbolism of gargoyles, but I think they show the skill and creativity of the medieval stone masons.
It is interesting to note the image of a dragon on the Ishtar gate in Babylon which was constructed about 575 BC.
Written, February 2015
Andy, our new grandson, arrived recently. Here are a few things that I am reminded of at a time like this.
Just like you and I, Andy is unique. There is no one else on earth (past, present and future) who is exactly like him. He has a unique genome, which is comprised of about 3 billion DNA base pairs in each cell of his body. He grew from a single cell itself.
God designed and created our world so that, over a period of nine months, the genetic information in a single cell can develop into a child that is ready to be born. It takes a lot of design to build a genome; it's amazingly complex.
The Bible says that the development of a baby in the womb is an example of God's power (omnipotence) and skill. King David wrote, "You made all the delicate, inner parts of my body and knit me together in my mother's womb. Thank you for making me so wonderfully complex! Your workmanship is marvelous—how well I know it. You watched me as I was being formed in utter seclusion, as I was woven together in the dark of the womb. You saw me before I was born" (Ps. 139:13-16NLT). And another psalm says of God the Creator, "You made me; you created me" (Ps. 119:73). Of course God knows all about a baby as it's growing in the womb (Jer. 1:5; Gal. 1:15).
I think another example of God's power and skill is life itself. Can anyone explain the origin of life, without referring to God? We see that life always comes from life. Andy's family tree goes back to Adam and Eve. How did Adam and Eve become alive? The Bible says their life came from God (Gen. 2:7, 22). Only God can create life; scientists can't manufacture it, they just use it.
Is Andy perfect?
Although Andy is perfect in the eyes of his parents, in two ways he isn't perfect.
Firstly, just like you and I, Andy's genome contains mutations inherited from his parents. When parents reproduce, they make a copy of their genome and pass this to their child. From time to time, mistakes occur (called "mutations"), and the next generation does not have a perfect copy of the original genome. Each new generation carries all the mutations of previous generations plus their own. So the mutations accumulate from generation to generation. This means that the human genome is degenerating genetically with time due to the accumulation of mutations. In order to minimize the risk of deformed offspring that can result from shared mutations between genetically close parents, marriage is usually prohibited between close relatives. In fact, such limitations needed to be imposed after about 26 copies of the human genome, which was in the times of Moses' children (Lev. 18:6-16; 20:11, 17, Dt. 27:22).
Secondly, just like you and I, Andy has a sinful nature. This means that he will have a natural tendency to misbehave. The Bible says that we are all sinners by nature (Rom. 3:23; Eph. 2:1-3). Even when Andy tries to do the right thing, it will be elusive (Rom. 7:14-20). This attitude affects our mind, will and emotions in particular (Jer. 17:9). But according to Andy's "Beginner's Bible", "Jesus knew that he had to die for the sins of all people. It was part of God's plan. When it was time, Jesus died on the cross for our sins."
Now we can look forward to seeing Andy grow and develop from a baby to a child, to an adolescent, and then to a man, the way God has planned.
Written, February 2015
A pantheistic creation story
"Big History" is a modern origins story that is being developed online for school students and is supported by Bill Gates, one of the world's richest men. The objective is to develop a framework for learning about anything and everything that includes a deeper awareness of our past. It claims to tell a story that our children need to know. But what will they learn?
History of the universe
"Big History" is based on eight "threshold moments" when the universe increased in complexity:
- Origin of the universe billions of years ago as explained by the big bang theory.
- Stars light up from the remnants of the exploding gases.
- New chemical elements form when stars die and create new types of atoms.
- Rocky planets such as the earth and the solar system form around stars.
- Molecules combine to form single celled living organisms that evolve into multi-celled organisms.
- Human beings appear as a consequence of evolutionary processes.
- After the last ice age about


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Maintenance III - 1990 Folsom
San Francisco, CA 94103
Position: Maintenance III – 1990 Folsom
Location: San Francisco, CA
Mission: Tenderloin Neighborhood Development Corporation (TNDC) provides affordable housing and services for low-income people in the Tenderloin and throughout San Francisco, to promote equitable access to opportunity and resources.
Established in 1981, TNDC has grown to employ more than 400 staff, to develop, own, manage and provide supportive services in 41 properties that offer deeply affordable housing for nearly 4,700 tenants, and to expand its work in community organizing and after school programming. TNDC is viewed as a trusted and well-organized community ally locally and a practice leader nationally. In San Francisco, TNDC envisions diverse communities where people with low incomes can fulfill their potential and meet their basic needs. In the Tenderloin, TNDC stands as a catalyst for advancing community interests and a force for expanding the choices that enhance livability, such as housing, employment, education, food, cultural activities, and open spaces.
TNDC values are: Integrity, Excellence, Diversity, Collaboration and Equity
Under the supervision of the General Manager or Senior General Manager, the Maintenance III is responsible for responding to daily maintenance requirements and overall upkeep of TNDC buildings and facilities and staff supervision.
- Directly hire, supervise and manage maintenance and custodial staff including preparation of employee evaluations and recommendations for discipline or promotions.
- Respond to daily work orders and maintenance requests including:
- Plumbing: Replace faucets, Snake drains (sink and tubs), Install toilet valves
- Carpentry: Hang windows and doors, Repair hinges, Repair/replace door and window locks
- Electrical: Door buzzer repairs, Low voltage electrical repairs
- Paint and patch walls.
- Sheetrock repairs.
- Report unusual occurrences or suspicious activities to supervisor.
- Keep supervisor informed of maintenance problems.
- Provide effective and courteous service to residents, guests and coworkers.
- Conduct work tasks safely in compliance with safety rules.
- Inspect units during monthly pest control; notes the condition of the unit.
- Perform and keep record of all fire and life safety, and operational equipment preventive maintenance.
- Establish and follow building preventive maintenance schedule.
- Respond to building emergencies on after hour's on-call schedule.
- Other duties as assigned.
REQUIRED SKILLSKnowledge and Skills:
- Ability, willingness and sensitivity to work with a diverse, low-income population.
- Maturity, honesty, dependability, initiative and follow-through.
- Ability to read and communicate in English sufficiently to follow directions and communicate with supervisor, coworkers and residents.
- Ability and willingness to work tactfully under pressure; cope with stress.
- Problem-solving ability.
- Ability to perform medium to heavy work involving sitting, standing, walking, lifting up to 75 pounds and climbing ladders and stairs.
- Ability to use a variety of hand and power tools necessary to perform mechanical, carpentry, electrical, plumbing and other building repairs and maintenance work.
- Ability to operate a variety of equipment including mechanic tools, carpenter tools, electrical tools, plumbing tools, shovels, rakes, etc.
- Ability to move objects, occasionally requiring exertion of considerable force.
- Ability to differentiate shades of color in performing electrical maintenance, painting and other work.
- Ability to coordinate eyes, hands and fingers in performing maintenance tasks.
- Ability to drive motor vehicles, including trucks.
- Visual acuity necessary to inspect buildings and review work orders.
- Hearing acuity sufficient to use telephone and communicate with residents and staff.
- Ability to add, subtract, multiply, divide.
Judgment and Reasoning Ability:
- Ability to judge situations where supervisor's involvement is needed.
- Ability to apply common sense understanding to semi-repetitive tasks.
Language and Communication Ability:
- Ability to comprehend and correctly use maintenance logs, work orders, time sheets, etc.
- Ability to comprehend resident handbook and employee manuals.
- Ability to communicate effectively with coworkers and staff at all levels, residents, both verbally and in writing.
- Ability to adapt to changes in policy, methods, operations, etc. as they apply to property management operations and activities.
- Ability to work in an office environment and in and outside a variety of residential buildings.
- Ability to work under hot and cold conditions.
- Ability to work under conditions of moderate noise.
- Six months of consecutive experience in residential housing maintenance/property management.
- One year of supervisory experience.
- Two years of experience in the building trades plumbing, electrical, carpentry or appliance repair.)
- Excellent interpersonal skills, ability to work on a team.
- Capacity to work with a culturally diverse, low-income population.
- Ability to work independently and to follow instructions with minimal supervision.
- Ability to operate hand and power tools.
- Ability to lift 75 pounds and climb ladders.
- Ability to order supplies and maintain workable inventories.
- Excellent plumbing, electrical carpentry and painting skills.
- Knowledge of Cal/OSHA safety/code requirements.
- Certification of high rise and fire safety training.
- HVAC certification.
- Knowledge of lead paint/asbestos abatement training/certification.
- Valid California drivers' license and a motor vehicle report that matches TNDC's insurer's minimum guidelines.
Tenderloin Neighborhood Development Corporation is an Equal Opportunity Employer.
In compliance with the San Francisco Fair Chance Ordinance (August 13, 2014), all qualified applicants with criminal histories will be considered for the position.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Definitions of picnic
v. - Formerly, an entertainment at which each person contributed some dish to a common table; now, an excursion or pleasure party in which the members partake of a collation or repast (usually in the open air, and from food carried by themselves). 2
v. i. - To go on a picnic, or pleasure excursion; to eat in public fashion. 2
The word "picnic" uses 6 letters: C C I I N P.
No direct anagrams for picnic found in this word list.
List shorter words within picnic, sorted by length
All words formed from picnic by changing one letter
Browse words starting with picnic by next letter


text:
What does FR mean in Military?
This page is about the meanings of the acronym/abbreviation/shorthand FR in the Governmental field in general and in the Military terminology in particular.
Find a translation for FR in other languages:
Select another language:
What does FR mean?
- francium, Fr, atomic number 87(noun)
- a radioactive element of the alkali-metal group discovered as a disintegration product of actinium


Re: Best practices: representing homonym relationships in SKOS
From: Thomas Bandholtz
Date: Sat, 14 Nov 2009 20:10:18 +0100
Message-ID: <_EMAIL_>
To: Bradley Allen
Hi Bradley,
thanks a lot for raising this question, as currently we have discussions
about different approaches of Label management in SKOS(XL), and the
homograph issue has been somehow neglected so far.
Karl has mentioned the difference between homographs and homophones already.
I would say: homographs - same spelling, different meaning ("graph" has
nothing to do with an RDF graph in this case).
homophones - same sound (phonetics), different meaning.
As SKOS(XL) is dealing with lexical aspects ("literal form") rather than
with phonetics (at least so far), we have to care for homographs at first.
One example:
(not a homophone).
This is a common practise, not a standard.
In SKOS you may say:
 a skos:Concept ;
 skos:prefLabel "bass [fish]".
 a skos:Concept ;
 skos:prefLabel "bass [music]".
You might also drop the qualifiers:
 a skos:Concept ;
 skos:prefLabel "bass".
 a skos:Concept ;
 skos:prefLabel "bass".
Then express the different meanings by some semantic relation to a more
specific thing for each of them:
 skos:related .
 skos:related .
There is absolutely no semantic relation between and , it is only
a lexical relation.
Such a lexical relation you can express in SKOSXL in detail (if you want
to do so at all).
In UMTHES we use the following pattern:
 a skos:Concept ;
 skosxl:prefLabel .
 a skos:Concept ;
 skosxl:prefLabel .
 a skosxl:Label ;
 skosxl:literalForm "bass [fish]" ;
 umt:homograph ;
 umt:qualifier .
 a skosxl:Label ;
 skosxl:literalForm "bass [music]" ;
 umt:homograph ;
 umt:qualifier .
 a skosxl:Label ;
 skosxl:literalForm "bass".
 a skosxl:Label ;
 skosxl:literalForm "fish".
 a skosxl:Label ;
 skosxl:literalForm "music".
where umt:homograph and umt:qualifier both are subProperties of
Note that we have only one label "bass" here, as we think that semantics
are in the Concepts, not in the Labels.
Labels are dumb character strings only.
Well, I would be curious to see more examples from different vocabularies.
Best regards,
Bradley Allen schrieb:
> Apologies if you've seen this on the LOD or SW lists, but it is
> probably better posed to this audience: is there any best practice or,
> failing that, good ideas for representing homonymy in SKOS? Best I can
> come up with is subclassing skos:semanticRelation with something like
> skos:homonym, and letting the client sort out which of the lexical
> labels might be involved. Not excited about the need to go to a class
> representation for labels; even less interested in anything involving
> RDF collections. - cheers, BPA
> Bradley P. Allen
> _URL_
> _PHONE_
Thomas Bandholtz, _EMAIL_, _URL_
Received on Saturday, 14 November 2009 19:10:49 GMT


Chasing the Cyclops.jpg
The Making of the Powysverse Mythology
by William Latham
In 2001, Powys publisher Mateo Latosa and author William Latham embarked on a journey that resulted in the Space:1999 novels Omega and Alpha, a journey that involved creating a unified mythology to tie together the apparently random incidents that fans have called the Mysterious Unknown Force. Chasing the Cyclops tells the story of how the mythology was built, how the novels were plotted, and ultimately, how answering questions posed for a quarter century revealed still greater mysteries!
Published December 2010


Documentation Center
 - Trials
 - Product Updates
Plot Bode frequency response with additional plot customization options
h = bodeplot(sys)
bodeplot(..., plotoptions)
h = bodeplot(sys) plot the Bode magnitude and phase of the dynamic system model sys and returns the plot handle h to the plot. You can use this handle to customize the plot with the getoptions and setoptions commands.
bodeplot(sys) draws the Bode plot of the model sys. The frequency range and number of points are chosen automatically.
bodeplot(sys1,sys2,...) graphs the Bode response of multiple models sys1,sys2,... on a single plot. You can specify a color, line style, and marker for each model, as in
bodeplot(AX,...) plots into the axes with handle AX.
bodeplot(..., plotoptions) plots the Bode response with the options specified in plotoptions. Type
help bodeoptions
for a list of available plot options. See Example 2 for an example of phase matching using the PhaseMatchingFreq and PhaseMatchingValue options.
bodeplot(sys,w) draws the Bode plot for frequencies specified by w. When w = {wmin,wmax}, the Bode plot is drawn for frequencies between wmin and wmax (in rad/TimeUnit, where TimeUnit is the time units of the input dynamic system, specified in the TimeUnit property of sys.). When w is a user-supplied vector w of frequencies, in rad/TimeUnit, the Bode response is drawn for the specified frequencies.
See logspace to generate logarithmically spaced frequency vectors.
Example 1
Use the plot handle to change options in a Bode plot.
sys = rss(5);
h = bodeplot(sys);
% Change units to Hz and make phase plot invisible
Example 2
The properties PhaseMatchingFreq and PhaseMatchingValue are parameters you can use to specify the phase at a specified frequency. For example, enter the following commands.
sys = tf(1,[1 1]);
h = bodeplot(sys) % This displays a Bode plot.
Use this code to match a phase of 750 degrees to 1 rad/s.
p = getoptions(h);
p.PhaseMatching = 'on';
p.PhaseMatchingFreq = 1;
p.PhaseMatchingValue = 750; % Set the phase to 750 degrees at 1
 % rad/s.
setoptions(h,p); % Update the Bode plot.
The first bode plot has a phase of -45 degrees at a frequency of 1 rad/s. Setting the phase matching options so that at 1 rad/s the phase is near 750 degrees yields the second Bode plot. Note that, however, the phase can only be -45 + N*360, where N is an integer, and so the plot is set to the nearest allowable phase, namely 675 degrees (or 2*360 - 45 = 675).
Example 3
Compare the frequency responses of identified state-space models of order 2 and 6 along with their 2 std confidence regions.
load iddata1
w = linspace(8,10*pi,256);
h = bodeplot(sys1,sys2,w);
setoptions(h, 'PhaseMatching', 'on', 'ConfidenceRegionNumberSD', 2);
Use the context menu by right-clicking Characteristics > Confidence Region to turn on the confidence region characteristic.
Example 4
Compare the frequency response of a parametric model, identified from input/output data, to a nonparametric model identified using the same data.
 1. Identify parametric and non-parametric models based on data.
 load iddata2 z2;
 w = linspace(0,10*pi,128);
 sys_np = spa(z2,[],w);
 sys_p = tfest(z2,2);
 spa and tfest require System Identification Toolbox™ software. sys_np is a non-parametric identified model. sys_p is a parametric identified model.
 2. Create a Bode plot that includes both systems.
 opt = bodeoptions; opt.PhaseMatching = 'on';
 bodeplot(sys_np,sys_p,w, opt);
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text:
Regional Snowfall Index (RSI)
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the Regional Snowfall Index (RSI)?
RSI is a regional snowfall impact scale that uses the area of snowfall, the amount of snowfall, and the number of people living within a snowstorm. Since the index uses population information, it attempts to quantify the societal impacts of a snowstorm. RSI has been calculated for large snowstorms back to 1900 and therefore the index puts a particular event into a century scale historical perspective.
What do the ReSIS values mean?
RSI is reported as both a raw index value and a categorical value from 0 through 5. The raw index value can range from 0.01 to 35.0. These values are converted to categories in the following manner:
RSI Category Definitions Category RSI Raw Score Approximate Percent of Storms 5 >18 1% 4 10-18 2% 3 6-10 5% 2 3-6 13% 1 1-3 25% 0 0-1 54%
So a Category 5 snowstorm is a very rare event while Category 0 and 1 snowstorms are quite typical.
Who uses ReSIS?
RSI is currently a new product produced by the National Centers for Environmental Information. It is envisioned that RSI will be used to help place snowstorms into a century-scale historical index. Some examples of potential include federal and state emergency managers, government and private sector financial agencies, insurance companies, and the transportation industry.
How is RSI different from the Northeast Snowfall Impact Scale (NESIS)?
RSI is calculated for specific regions (Northeast, Southeast, …). Only the snowfall within a particular region is used to calculate the index for that region. NESIS on the other hand uses snowfall and population information from the eastern two-thirds of the U.S. in its calculation. Therefore NESIS is a quasi-national index. The "Northeast" designation is due to the fact that the algorithm used to calculate NESIS has two constants specifying the average area and population affected by 10" or more snowfall. So NESIS can be considered a quasi-national index that is calibrated to the Northeast.


Pricey Handbags and Helpful Behavior Don't Mix
Brand-name luxury outlets provide visual reminders of materialistic values, decreasing pedestrians' inclination to help strangers.
By Tom Jacobs
(Photo: deepwarren/Flickr)
Are you the sort of person who will come to the aid of a struggling stranger?
The answer may depend on the specific shops lining the street where the two of you meet.
Newly published research finds customers emerging from prestigious, luxury-brand stores in Paris were less likely than passersby to provide urgent requested assistance. While that news may confirm stereotypes about the self-involved one percent, a second finding suggests a more subtle psychological effect.
The researchers report pedestrians who were approached near such famous-brand outlets were less helpful than those who were stopped on a nearby residential street. It seems such stores embody the ethos of materialism, and just being in their immediate proximity can negatively affect one's behavior.
"Cues related to possession, luxury, and prestige" can apparently trigger a me-first mindset, decreasing one's likelihood of helping a stranger, according to a research team led by Lubomir Lamy of Paris Descartes University. The researchers' study is published in the journal Social Influence.
Who knew strolling down Rodeo Drive was hazardous to your moral health?
Lamy and his colleagues conducted three experiments. The first featured 80 pedestrians (40 men and 40 women) who were "walking alone in the Paris Triangle d'Or,which includes the prestigious (shopping) streets avenue des Champs-Elysees and avenue Montaigne."
The devil may not wear Prada, but the attitudes the brand activates appear to be anything but angelic.
Each pedestrian witnessed a college-age woman, wearing a large leg brace and walking with the aid of a crutch, "accidentally" drop her bottle of water and packet of candies. The researchers noted whether the targeted passerby offered assistance.
Among those who had just exited a luxury store such as Dior, Chanel, or Versace, only 35 percent extended or offered help. In contrast, 77.5 percent of other pedestrians did so. Apparently fashion doesn't mix with compassion.
The second experiment featured 112 pedestrians who were approached either on Paris' place Vendome (home of exclusive jewelry and watch stores), or on a nearby side street featuring apartment buildings.
Each was stopped by a young woman who was pushing another in a wheelchair. The young woman explained in a worried voice that she had lost her cell phone, and asked if the person could "please stay close to my friend a few minutes" while she looked for it at a nearby restaurant they had just patronized.
"Among participants asked for help near a luxury store, 23.2 percent gave help," the researchers write, "whereas 82.1 percent gave help in the control, 'ordinary street' condition."
A final, similarly structured experiment found this effect only occurred on streets containing luxury stores, as opposed to those lined with ordinary shops.
"The place Vendome concentrates mainly on watch and jewelry brands, whereas the avenue Montaigne is dedicated to fashion," Lamy and his colleagues note. "Taken together, these results suggest that whatever the brand type, reminders of luxury would inhibit helpfulness more readily than reminders of non-luxury shopping."
But why? "Materialistic reminders may have increased self-enhancement and competitive values," the researchers speculate, "which in turn would decrease trusting and benevolent behavior, and a sense of being concerned about, and connected to, other people."
These first-of-their-kind findings are consistent with several earlier studies by Nicolas Gueguen (a co-author of this new paper), including one that found people who had just handled money at an ATM machine were less likely to engage in helpful behavior.
So if you find yourself needing to rely on the kindness of strangers, stay away from both banks and luxury-brand shops. The devil may not wear Prada, but the attitudes the brand activates appear to be anything but angelic.


Moesia, Istros, Hemiobol
Moesia, Istros, Hemiobol (obverse) Moesia, Istros, Hemiobol (reverse)
Istros was an ancient city near the mouth of the Danube River, in today's Romania. Its coins have an intriguing obverse, as they depict two juvenile heads facing in opposite directions.
The image could allude to the rising and the setting of the sun god Helios. Another possibility is that it relates to a geographical myth current in Antiquity of the two branches of the Danube River. It was known that one of the branches empties itself into the Black Sea; while the other was supposed to end in the Adriatic Sea. The Danube thus, people believed, connected the two important trade routes to the east and to the west.
The reverse of our half obol depicts a sea eagle catching a dolphin. This motif was adopted from the early bronze coins of Olbia.
Signet Sunflower Foundation


text:
Dazdee | Article about dazdee by The Free Dictionary
DASD (redirected from dazdee)
Also found in: Wikipedia
DASD(Direct Access Storage Device) Pronounced "daz-dee." A peripheral storage device that is directly addressable. Although DASDs used to refer to magnetic disks and drums, today, DASD means magnetic disk. The term is used mostly in the mainframe world. See magnetic disk and disk drive.


text:
Mooreville High School - Water Quality Sampling and Testing
November 5, 2012
Traveling all the way from north Mississippi, Adelia Wright brought her students on a two-night stay with us here at GCRL. Unfortunately, bad weather made it imposible for the group to show off their stewardship on a marine debris removal trip. However, they became experts at water quality testing. They produced extensive data by collecting samples at several locations along the coast and performing water quality tests. They also learned about mapping, GPS usage, and watersheds.
Click a thumbnail to view the full-size photo.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text: To many, the principal–agent model is the obvious lens through which executive pay should be viewed. Such a sentiment sits uncomfortably with a large number of empirical studies suggesting that the process of determining executive pay seems to be more readily explained by recourse to arguments of managerial power and influence. This article investigates the micro-underpinnings of boardroom behavior in order to explain this departure from principal–agency theory's argument that executive compensation serves to align interests between the owners of the company and its senior managers. We find that there are strong interaction effects among social influence variables and the social setting of boardroom activity. Generous pay awards, bearing only a weak connection to corporate performance, are explained in the context of the social psychology of the boardroom. These results and a review of the empirical research, suggest the need for a more comprehensive model of executive compensation that incorporates both economic and psychological determinants.


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I have an array of objects, some of which respond to :description, and I want to get the description from the first one with a truthy description. I could do this:
objects.detect{|o| o.try(:description)}.description
or this:
objects.map{|o| o.try(:description)}.detect{|o| o}
but the first isn't DRY (description is in there twice) and the second iterates through the whole array before finding the value. Is there anything in the ruby standard library, or in Rails' extensions to it, which would let me do something like this:
objects.detect_and_return{|o| o.try(:description)}
I know I could write it easily enough, but the standard libraries are big enough that I might not need to. Is there a function which works like my detect_and_return?
share|improve this question
Is there a functional programming term for this (apart from lazy evaluation)? – Andrew Grimm Aug 14 '11 at 23:29
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1 Answer
up vote 6 down vote accepted
I haven't seen such a method, and the closest I found was a method capture_first which I found in the gem merb-cache. Seems they stumbled on the same problem and implemented this:
module Enumerable
 def capture_first
 each do |o|
 return yield(o) || next
You could also take a look at the Array and Enumerable methods in the Ruby facets library and see if you find something similar. Facets contains quite a lot of goodies, so you might get lucky.
share|improve this answer
Indeed - Enumerable#find_yield, aka Enumerable#map_detect. Thanks - I'd not heard about facets before. – Simon Aug 3 '11 at 13:45
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text:
PEOPLE living in Staffordshire are being urged to take part in a new scheme to help generate power by recycling used cooking oil.
Staffordshire County Council says it has found an innovative way to turn cooking oil into renewable energy as part of a scheme it is running in partnership with energy firm Living Fuels.
The scheme sees tanks placed at 13 of Staffordshire's household waste recycling centres for residents to dispose of their waste cooking oil.
Bosses say just one full tank can provide enough electricity to power the average home for a year.
When collected, the used cooking oil is taken to Living Fuels' state-of-the-art recovery facility where it is naturally settled and recovered into a clean, green bioliquid without the need for any chemicals or heat. This bioliquid is then used in the company's renewable energy facilities to produce carbon neutral electricity to power homes and businesses.
Staffordshire County Council's cabinet member for environment and assets Mark Winnington said: "This innovative scheme is another way in which we can take a waste substance and turn it into renewable energy, demonstrating great benefits for Staffordshire's environment and residents. Any savings on fuel costs are welcome and this is another example we are looking to get the best value for money for our residents and literally drive down waste.
"This is a great working partnership with Living Fuels which we hope as many people as possible take advantage of and help generate even more renewable energy for our county."
Since the scheme started in October 2008, enough renewable electricity had been recovered in Staffordshire to make 11.5 million cups of tea. The recovery of used cooking oil forms part of the Staffordshire County Council and Stoke-on-Trent Council's joint waste plan, which supports new waste recovery procedures and encourages renewable energy initiatives.
When poured down drains, used cooking oil costs UK water companies an estimated £15 million per year on blockages, which can lead to water contamination and flooding.
Living Fuels' operations director Rob Murphy said: "We are delighted to be able to work with Staffordshire and Stoke-on-Trent councils to help them provide residents with a truly green solution for getting rid of their waste vegetable oil."
Participating recycling centres near to Ashbourne include Pennycroft Lane, Uttoxeter and Fowlchurch Road, Leek


Recession Survival Strategies For A Chartered Accountant
When Australian businesses and companies recruit a chartered accountant, then they anticipate someone who has those specialized skills along with the technical experience which goes with being an expert.
You can get more information about the best-chartered accountant via
Recession Survival Strategies For A Chartered Accountant
Image Source: Google
They expect quality work, and they'll pay extra cash to an experienced professional chartered accountant in Sydney. Truly, accountants are in the ideal position of assisting their business to survive the downturn and its own fiscally messy aftermath.
The followings hints can help devise approaches to accomplish that:
1. Plan ahead. A respectable chartered accountant at Sydney understands the intricacies of fiscal planning. These financial experts attempt to predict the need in the forthcoming months. If you're among many public accountants in Sydney, then you understand this could be anywhere from a few months to a few years.
2. Assist your clients. If you can find a means to supply exactly the same (if not better) level of support at a lower price or at least, without raising the price tag, you've got a better prospect of keeping customers despite the financial recession.
3. Request discounts from providers. As they say, nothing ventured nothing gained. In an economic recession, competition for the company might be fiercer.
4. Use your tools wisely. If you're a chartered accountant at Sydney, you understand how to examine your accountancy requirements in addition to your organization.
5. Track prices. All companies have variable and fixed costs, as chartered cost accountants understand. Careful financial planning involves making comprehensive reports. Reports will be able to help you monitor and analyze prices.
6. Control expenses. Understanding what those variables are and placing steps to minimize its impact can help considerably in restraining prices.
7. Make strategic decisions depending on the large image. Think about the company your company is in and the market generally. As an expert accountant at Sydney, be informed of business and financial trends through surveys, investigations, and studies.


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Abstract: Weather forecasting is one of the applications of data mining technology to predict the state of atmosphere for a future time and a given location as regards heat, cloudiness, dryness, wind, rain, etc. This paper focuses some of the data mining techniques for prediction of future weather. Classification algorithms such as Decision Tree Induction, Na've Bayesian and Back propagation can be used to predict future by applied on the different parameters of weather. Prediction of weather must be accurate and also the weather should be forecasted earlier will be helpful for many applications like agriculture, air traffic, military and so on.
Keywords: Data Mining, Classification, Prediction, Na've Bayesian, Back Propagation.


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Crockham Hill comes from the Old English 'crundel' meaning a 'chalk-pit, quarry'
with 'ham' as a 'village, homestead' and 'hyll' for 'hill'; therefore, the 'quarry
village on the hill'.
Crockham Hill parish church is a Grade: II listed building, dedicated to the Holy
Trinity. Charles Warde of Squerryes Court, Westerham and his sister Mrs E Mildmay
funded the construction of the church in 1842. Although the designer is unknown,
the plan follows medieval architecture. Crockham Hill became a separate parish in


Turning Off or Freezing a Layer in Autocad, what's the difference?
Awhile back, I was training a client on how to prepare his files in Autocad, prior to registering them in his CAFM/IWMS system, ARCHIBUS. My colleague, James Castruccio, introduced me and spoke very highly of my cad expertise to the gentleman I was training. While I was conducting the training, over a GoToMeeting, he was performing other work on the project and just listening in.
There was a point at which I was in the Layer Properties Manager dialog box and James piped up with a question, stating that he had always wondered why we sometimes freeze layers and other times turn them off, and could I educate him as to the differences?
You know, I have been doing this for so long, and have never had to articulate that before, having just sort of internalized the situations in which I would use one over the other.
Reflecting back on the topic, in the past, there were more functionality differences, before computing power and refresh rates, etc caught up to the functions of a full featured CAD program, but, I will try to focus on what is still applicable in more modern releases.
How are Freezing and Turning Off a Layer Similar?
Let's start with the things these two options have in common?
 1. Makes a layer invisible to the user
 2. Control from the Ribbon (Layers Panel of the Home tab)
 3. Control from the Layer Properties Manager
 4. Invoke from the Command Line interface
 1. LAYFRZ
 2. LAYOFF
 5. DWG Compare ignores layers that are Off or Frozen
How are they Different?
LAYOFF - Autocad's memory still holds the geometry
LAYFRZ - Autocad forgets the entities
 - this can speed up panning, zooming and regenerating
 - is ignored by Extents
 - is ignored during Rendering
TIP: When attaching an XREF, it is a good idea to have a dedicated layer for each one. So, you can easily FREEZE the layer and hide all of the external reference's layers, allowing an easy ZE or publish to extents, focusing only on the contents of the drawing you are working in.
LAYON - Does not force a regeneration of the drawing
LAYTHW - Forces a regen
OFF - Can be made the current layer
FROZEN - Cannot be made current
WARNING: When your current layer is turned OFF, any objects you create or insert will immediately become invisible and remain that way, until you turn the layer back on.
FROZEN - Entities are not selectable by any means or methods
OFF - Layers may be selected using the ALL option
WARNING: If you use the ALL option of the SELECT command, and choose to move or erase objects, even the objects on OFF layers will be affected.
OFF - Blocks with multiple layers might still be partially visible, even if the layer the block is inserted on has been turned OFF
FROZEN - Freezing the layer of a block will make all entities invisible
FROZEN - Layers can be frozen by Viewport
OFF - Cannot be controlled independently by VP
Other Layer Controls:
LAYISO invokes the OFF option, not the FROZEN option
LOCK - Unlike freezing or turning off a layer, when you lock a layer, it is still visible, just not able to be manipulated at all
If I have missed any differences or caveats to these to functions, please let me know in the comments.
Oh, and just to prove my street cred as someone who knows her layers, here is a t-shirt that my colleague The CAD Geek had made for me when we went toe to toe as the head of families for AutoCAD Family Feud at AU 2016. Thanks for the great conversation piece, Donnie!


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The multi-agent resource allocation problem corresponds to the negotiation of m resources among n autonomous agents, in order to maximize a social welfare function. Contrary to some former studies, the purpose is neither here to simply determine a socially optimal resource allocation nor to prove the existence of a transaction sequence leading to this optimum, but to find a practical transaction sequence among agents, for any type of contact networks. With this intention, we study various agent behaviors in order to identify which one leads the most often to an optimal resource allocation. The allocation that is reached, can be viewed as an emergent phenomenon that comes out from local interactions among the agents.
After a study of different transaction types, we show that, among the set of studied transactions, the so called "social gift" transaction, is the most efficient one for solving the resource allocation problem associated with the utilitarian social welfare.
Paru en juin 2008, 20 pages


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Mission, Shared Values and Code of Ethics
- Our mission is to plan, deliver, operate and maintain a transportation system that is safe, enables easy movement of people and goods, enhances the economy and improves our quality of life.
Shared Values in Public Service
- Be responsive to customer needs, consider what the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) does in terms of how it benefits our customers, and treat customers with respect, courtesy and fairness.
- Commit to safety and continuous improvement in everything we do, learning from mistakes and successes alike.
- Trust, respect, support and encourage each other.
- Respect and protect the public investment.
- Make decisions based on facts and sound judgment and accept accountability for our actions.
- Strengthen our expertise in using information, tools, and technology to achieve high performance and stay on the cutting edge.
- Think ahead, acting and planning creatively for today and tomorrow.
Code of Ethics
As an employee of the Commonwealth of Virginia and its Department of Transportation, I will:
- Commit to be a trusted steward of public resources
- Act with integrity in all relationships and actions in the work environment
- Abide by Virginia's Standards of Conduct for employees
- Not engage in conflicts of interest between my private interest and my professional role
- Not use public resources for personal gain
- Not accept or give gifts in violation of the State and Local Government Conflict of Interests Act
- Not knowingly make a false or fraudulent statement
- Not knowingly conduct or condone any illegal or improper activity
Page last modified: Nov. 1, 2019


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The insurance industry is built on several fundamental legal principles that promote fairness, transparency, and efficiency. Understanding these key principles provides valuable insight into how insurance policies operate to protect individuals and businesses.
This article will examine the leading doctrines and concepts that form the foundation of insurance law.
Utmost Good Faith
The utmost good faith doctrine is essential for building trust between insurance companies and policyholders. This principle requires all parties to act honestly and disclose material facts when applying for, renewing, or making claims under an insurance policy.
Importance of Honesty in Insurance Contracts
Insurance policies are conditional contracts based on the information that the policyholder provides to the insurer. Because the insurer does not have full knowledge or control over the circumstances and risks involved, they must depend on the policyholder's honesty and forthrightness. The utmost good faith doctrine recognizes this information imbalance and obligates all parties to deal fairly and refrain from deception.
Acting in utmost good faith promotes efficiency and helps minimize costs in several ways. Accurate risk assessments allow insurers to set appropriate premiums. Honest disclosure reduces disputes over coverage and claims. Most importantly, candor and transparency allow insurers to meet their fundamental purpose: providing coverage to those with legitimate needs. By requiring utmost good faith, the law upholds the integrity of the insurance system.
Both Parties' Responsibility to Disclose Material Facts
The duty of utmost good faith applies mutually to policyholders and insurers alike.
Policyholders must disclose all information material to the risk being insured against. This includes prior losses, preexisting conditions, and any other factors that would influence the insurer's decision to offer coverage, the premium amount, or the policy terms. Even innocent mistakes or unintentional omissions can still breach good faith duties.
Insurers also must inform policyholders about relevant coverages, exclusions, and claim processes. Marketing materials and policy documents should accurately represent the protection being offered. Claims handlers must investigate diligently, interpret the policy fairly, and pay what is due. Failing to disclose paid commissions, tie-in sales requirements, or other inducements would violate utmost good faith.
Material facts are those that directly pertain to the insured risk. Minor omissions or errors typically do not qualify as breaches. But any deception relating to significant aspects of insurability or the claim's merits does break good faith obligations.
Remedies for Breach of Utmost Good Faith
Various legal remedies encourage compliance with utmost good faith principles. These include:
- Voiding the policy: Egregious breaches like fraudulent misrepresentations can allow insurers to nullify the policy from its outset. All premiums may be forfeited.
- Denying the claim: Innocent but material omissions often justify denying otherwise legitimate claims. Nondisclosures need not be intentional to trigger this consequence.
- Amending policy terms: Insurers can adjust premiums or coverages after discovering undisclosed facts affecting risk levels. This remedies the information imbalance.
- Damages: Monetary compensation may be awarded if a breach of good faith harms the other party. Damages require showing reliance and injury based on the deception.
The law grants insurers broad discretion over these remedies. Courts are usually deferential regarding underwriting practices and claims decisions made in the absence of full disclosure.
While harsh at times, these outcomes incentivize honesty from all parties. The overarching goals are transparency and equal access to information material in the insurance agreement. Utmost good faith is essential for aligning incentives around integrity and fair dealing.
Requiring an insurable interest prevents using insurance contracts for illegitimate purposes like gambling or profiting from losses. This doctrine adds an important layer of consumer protection and ethical grounding.
Definition and Requirements for Insurable Interest
An insurable interest exists when someone derives a financial, legal, or other benefit from a person or property remaining safe and intact. The insured must stand to suffer some detriment, disadvantage, or loss if the risk materializes.
Several relationships confer automatic insurable interest status:
- Ownership, like people insuring their cars, homes, or other possessions
- Families protecting loved ones and dependents
- Creditors safeguarding collateral for loans
- Business partners ensuring key personnel or assets
Insurable interest must exist when the policy is activated and when any loss occurs. The interest must also be objectively verifiable and calculable in monetary terms.
Role of Insurable Interest in Insurance Contracts
The insurable interest requirements serve two main purposes:
- Preventing wagers on losses: The law prohibits purely speculative insurance as a form of gambling. Requiring insurable interest keeps the focus on compensation instead of profit.
- Deterring intentional losses: Insurable interest aligns policyholders' incentives with protecting the insured assets and persons. Without it, perverse incentives could tempt orchestrating a loss.
In effect, insurable interest converts insurance contracts from wagers into mechanisms for indemnifying actual losses. This furthers constructive economic and social objectives.
Consequences of Lacking Insurable Interest
Insurance policies without adequate insurable interest are void as illegal wagering contracts. Courts will rescind these agreements and order restitution of all premiums paid.
If insurable interest is lacking when a loss occurs, the claim may be denied. Some states require interest only at the policy's inception. But the majority view is that interest must continue uninterrupted through the date of loss.
The remedy when insurable interest ceases mid-policy typically involves refunding premiums for the period after interest ends. This strikes the proper balance between fairness and preventing unjust gain.
Insurable interest is a defining feature separating legitimate insurance from impermissible gambling. Verifying policyholders' concrete interests adds prudence and integrity to the insurance industry.
The proximity between a loss and its alleged cause determines the scope of insurers' liability. This important causation principle provides predictable claims assessment standards.
Definition and Importance of Proximate Cause
Proximate cause refers to the primary and immediate reason a loss event occurs. The proximate cause must be connected to the damages through a significant, direct causal link.
Identifying proximate cause matters for several reasons:
- Sets clear boundaries on the scope of liability
- Allows insurers to underwrite and price risk accurately
- Prevents paying dubious claims that lack a causal foundation
- Upholds fairness by linking damages actually to their culpable source
By requiring genuine rather than speculative cause-effect relationships, proximate cause doctrine provides legal clarity and practicality.
Determining Proximate Cause in Insurance Claims
Investigating the proximate cause involves tracing back from the loss to find its essential triggering factor. Proximate cause inquiries center on:
- Directness: How closely tied is the cause to the effect? Is the chain of events leading to damages unbroken?
- Dominance: Was the cause the primary and overriding catalyst? Or were other contributing factors larger in magnitude or impact?
- Foreseeability: Should the resulting damage reasonably have been anticipated? Unexpected losses may indicate only a weak causal link.
Proximate cause determinations account for the unique circumstances of each situation. No single test applies in all cases. Rather, weighing the above factors together determines which pivotal event essentially led to the loss occurring.
Impact of Proximate Cause on Insurance Coverage
Finding that a peril outside the policy's scope was the proximate cause of a loss will bar coverage. When an excluded event sets the chain of causation in motion, insurers bear no liability.
Conversely, verifying that a covered peril proximately caused damages requires the insurer to pay the claim. Policy exceptions and limitations are unenforceable when a covered risk is the prime catalyst for harm.
Through principled reasoning about causal proximity, insurers can consistently apply policies while preventing arbitrary or unfair claim denials. Proximate cause analysis brings objectivity to the claims adjustment process.
The indemnity principle governs quantifying insurable losses. It pegs recovery amounts to the actual value necessary to restore someone to their pre-loss financial condition.
Meaning and Purpose of Indemnity in Insurance
Indemnity limits policyholders to claiming only their precise level of damages, no more and no less. Insurance aims to make claimants whole, not to enrich or otherwise benefit them.
Some key implications of indemnity include:
- Barring coverage for non-pecuniary losses like emotional distress or pain and suffering
- Prohibiting over insurance exceeding the covered asset's worth
- Recovering depreciated rather than replacement cost for worn items
- Coordinating benefits from multiple policies to prevent double recovery
Adhering to indemnity principles ensures fairness and eliminates motives for moral hazard. It also encourages economically efficient levels of insurance.
Conditions and Limitations of Indemnity
Several modifications qualify strict indemnity doctrine:
- Agreed value policies let parties fix insurable value upfront, overriding market fluctuations
- Value plus policies include cleanup and other costs exceeding mere asset value
- Replacement cost coverage pays the full price for rebuilding assets and new
- Lost income coverage often grants leeway for projecting earnings Potentially higher than the status quo
While injecting flexibility, these features still aim to approximate actual losses rather than overcompensating. The core focus remains to restore pre-loss financial condition.
Ensuring Fairness and Transparency in Indemnity Claims
To apply indemnity principles fairly:
- Insurers must specify policy bases like actual cash value or replacement cost upfront
- Adjusters should document claim calculations in detail for review
- Policyholders ought to honestly declare the insured assets' worth
- Both sides must guard against inflation, exaggeration, or duplication of recovery
Open communication and accurate data enable equitable indemnification. Insurers achieve their purpose while maintaining sustainability and customer confidence.
Subrogation entitles insurers to recover claim payments from negligent third parties. This upholds accountability while preventing unjust enrichment.
Definition and Purpose of Subrogation in Insurance
After covering a policyholder's loss, the insurer assumes their legal claim against any other responsible party. This transfer of rights is called sub


is the most common Japanese surname.
 - Hiroshi can be compared to Henry Ford, who was the first person to mass-produce cars for the common man in America. However, similar to how Ford was a supporter of the Nazis, Sato was a supporter of the Equalists. Sato also had a large amount of control over his workers, as shown when he used one to lure the benders to his factory, and Ford also had a large amount of control over his laborers.
 - Despite some fan misconception, Hiroshi did not invent the automobile in-universe, but was the person to develop it into a viable technology for everyday use. Furthering the parallels, Ford is also frequently mistaken as the inventor of the automobile, but was instead the first person to create a truly viable version of it.
Hiroshi Sato's letter
Hiroshi Sato sent out a letter regarding the Equalist victory rally.
 - Hiroshi was modeled after former U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt, Japanese industrialist Keita Gotō, and Mitsubishi founder Yatarō Iwasaki. His mustache is based on Iwasaki's.[15]
 - He shared a name with a character from the non-canonical Avatar: The Last Airbender related comic, New Recruits.
 - Hiroshi was similar to the mechanist in many ways. They both served to provide machinery to a series antagonist, albeit for different reasons, and their children resented them for their aiding the enemy. Furthermore, Hiroshi and the mechanist both lost their wives, though Hiroshi's was killed by a firebender, while the mechanist lost his wife to a flood.
 - Hiroshi was said to be a horrible father by Asami; this is similar to how Zuko considered his father to be "the worst father in the history of fathers".
 - A letter written by Hiroshi after the Equalists' takeover of Republic City can be found on It applauds the success of the attack and encourages citizens to join the Equalists. It also reveals that Amon and Hiroshi are aware that the United Forces are on their way to the city and have prepared something that will "send them running".
 - In the Avatar universe, Hiroshi Sato was credited for the invention of the airplane, which was a biplane model.
 - Hiroshi Sato was the second father in the Avatar franchise to have ever attempted to kill his child, the first being Ozai. There are many other similarities in each man's relationship with his respective child, as elaborated in Asami and Zuko's trivia sections.
 - He bore a close resemblance to Soviet dictator, Joseph Stalin, both in terms of his physical appearance and role as a revolutionary. Stalin was also responsible for the military-industrial boom that occurred in the Soviet Union during his reign; likewise, Hiroshi Sato was a pioneering industrialist in the private sector, but used his innovations to further his cause.
 - Hiroshi Sato's role parallels that of Warren Worthington II from Wolverine and The X-Men. Sato and Worthington are both rich businessmen who are bigoted and intolerant to a group of beings with extraordinary abilities, providing financial support to organizations founded to eradicate the existence of the aforementioned individuals. They both end up in conflict with their respective children, who vocally disagree with their radical views. Their actions ultimately cost them what they truly cared about the most—their ties with their children.
 - Hiroshi was skilled in a slow, methodical method of Pai Sho and taught his daughter the game with this strategy.[16]
 - During his time in prison, Hiroshi's hair went completely gray and he has grown a beard, giving him a resemblance to Hayao Miyazaki, whose films have influenced the Avatar franchise and of whom Michael Dante DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko are fans.[17]
 - He was also the ninth and last person to die on-screen in The Legend of Korra. The others were, in chronological order, Amon, Tarrlok, WanUnalaq, Hou-Ting, P'Li, Ming-Hua, and Ghazan.
Preceded by
Position established
Chief Executive Officer of Future Industries
Unknown-170 AG
Succeeded by
Asami Sato
 2. 2.0 2.1 Welcome to Republic City. Nickelodeon (April 20, 2012). Retrieved on April 24, 2012.
 5. 5.0 5.1 Official Family Trees. Nickelodeon. Retrieved on January 23, 2015.
 9. Bryan Konietzko on the DVD commentary for "The Voice in the Night".
 15. Bryan Konietzko Tumblr. Bryan Konietzko (June 4, 2012). Retrieved on June 4, 2012.
 17. "In Their Elements." (September 2006) Nick Mag Presents, p. 6.
Start a Discussion Discussions about Hiroshi Sato
 - Hiroshi Sato - season 3 / 4
 33 messages
 - Kubernes wrote: "She wanted to help her friends" would be the most likely result, even if it isn't as strong as it could be. The other reason...
 - Yeah, it never really sat well with me after Varrick was arrested and escaped. But it seemed that deal with Varrick alleviated any problems...
 - What role will Hiroshi Sato play in Book 4?
 52 messages
 - Torresp wrote: MarioMario543212 wrote: Torresp wrote: Boomubbles wrote: Hiroshi: Goodbye Asami. I love you. Asami: DAD!!!!!!! *Asami parachu...
 - Thinker224 wrote: Torresp wrote: MarioMario543212 wrote: Torresp wrote: Boomubbles wrote: Hiroshi: Goodbye Asami. I love you. Asa...
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This takes us immediately to the major problem with the recording though. Memory leakage! Since the recording keeps references to the data it can keep data from being freed (zero reference count) when you expect it to be. For instance, in this example, we lose totally track of the original $im variable, but since there is a reference to it in the state it will not be freed
 $im = sequence(1000,1000)
 imag $im
 $s = retrieve_state
 $im = rvals(10,10)
Thus after the execution of these commands we still have a reference to a 1000x1000 array which takes up a lot of memory...
The solution is to call clear on the state variable:
(This is done automatically if the variable goes out of scope). I forsee this problem to most acute when working on the perldl or pdl2 command line, but since this is exactly where the recording is most useful the best advice is just to be careful and call clear on state variables.
If you are working with scripts and use large images for instance I would instead recommend that you do not turn on recording unless you need it.
A more detailed listing of the functions and their usage follows. For all functions we specify which options take effect and what other options exist for the given function. The function descriptions below are all given for the non-OO usage for historical reasons, but since the conversion to an OO method is trivial there is no major need for concern. Whenever you see a function example of the form
 Usage: a_simple_function($x, $y, $z [, $opt]);
and you wish to use the OO version, just let your mind read the above line as:
 Usage: $win->a_simple_function($x, $y, $z [, $opt]);
where $win is a PDL::Graphics::PGPLOT::Window object. That is all.
Window control functions.
Exported constructor for PGPLOT object/device/plot window.
 Usage: pgwin($opt);
 Usage: pgwin($option->$value,...);
 Usage: pgwin($device);
Parameters are passed on to new() and can either be specified by hash reference or as a list.
See the documentation fo PDL::Graphics::PGPLOT::Window::new for details.
Because pgwin is a convenience function, you can specify the device by passing in a single non-ref parameter. For even further convenience, you can even omit the '/' in the device specifier, so these two lines deliver the same result:
 $a = pgwin(gif);
 $a = new PDL::Graphics::PGPLOT::Window({Dev=>'/gif'});
Constructor for PGPLOT object/device/plot window.
 Usage: PDL::Graphics::PGPLOT::Window->new($opt);
 Usage: PDL::Graphics::PGPLOT::Window->new($option=>$value,...);
Options to new() can either be specified via a reference to a hash
 $win = PDL::Graphics::PGPLOT::Window->new({Dev=>'/xserve',ny=>2});
or directly, as an array
 # NOTE: no more {}!
 $win = PDL::Graphics::PGPLOT::Window->new(Dev=>'/xserve',ny=>2);
The following lists the recognised options:
The aspect ratio of the image, in the sense vertical/horizontal. See the discussion on size setting.
The type of device to use. The syntax of this is the one used by PGPLOT.
Hold the plot window so that subsequent plots can plot over existing plots. This can be adjusted with the hold() and release() methods.
The number of panels in the X-direction
The number of panels in the Y-direction
Yet another way to identify the plot window size -- this takes a scalar or an array ref containing one, two, or three numbers. One number gives you a square window. Two gives you a rectangular window (X,Y). Three lets you specify the unit compactly (e.g. [,,1] for inches, [,,2] for mm) but is deprecated in favor of using the Unit option. See the discussion on size setting.
The unit to use for size setting. PGPLOT accepts inch, mm, or pixel. The default unit is inches for historical reasons, but you can choose millimeters or (God forbid) pixels as well. String or numeric specifications are OK (0=normalized, 1=inches, 2=mm, 3=pixels). Normalized units make no sense here and are not accepted. Ideally someone will one day hook this into the CPAN units parser so you can specify window size in rods or attoparsecs.
The name to give to the window. No particular use is made of this at present. It would be great if it was possible to change the title of the window frame.
The width of the window in inches (or the specified Unit). See the discussion on size setting.
WindowXSize and WindowYSize
The width and height of the window in inches (or the specified Unit). See the discussion on size setting.
An important point to note is that the default values of most options can be specified by passing these to the constructor. All general options (common to several functions) can be adjusted in such a way, but function specific options can not be set in this way (this is a design limitation which is unlikely to be changed).
Thus the following call will set up a window where the default axis colour will be yellow and where plot lines normally have red colour and dashed linestyle.
 AxisColour => 'Yellow', Colour => 'Red', LineStyle => 'Dashed');
Size setting: There are a gazillion ways to set window size, in keeping with TIMTOWTDI. In general you can get away with passing any unique combination of an size, a size, and/or an aspect ratio. In increasing order of precedence, the options are: (Units, AspectRatio, WindowWidth, WindowSize, Size).
So if you specify an AspectRatio *and* an X and a Y coordinate, the AspectRatio is ignored. Likewise, if you specify Units and a three-component Size, the Units option is ignored in favor of the numeric unit in the Size.
If you don't specify enough information to set the size of the window, you get the default pane size and shape for that device.
Close a plot window
 Usage: $win->close()
Close the current window. This does not necessarily mean that the window is removed from your screen, but it does ensure that the device is closed.
A message will be printed to STDOUT giving the name of the file created if the plot was made to a hardcopy device and $PDL::verbose is true.
Check if a window is on hold
 $is_held = $win->held();
Function to check whether the window is held or not.
Hold the present window.
 Usage: $win->hold()
Holds the present window so that subsequent plot commands overplots.
Switch to a different panel
Move to a different panel on the plotting surface. Note that you will need to erase it manually if that is what you require.
This routine currently does something you probably don't want, and hence is deprecated for most use: if you say
then $image will actually be displayed in panel 2. That's because the main plotting routines such as line and imag all advance the panel when necessary. Instead, it's better to use the Panel option within plotting commands, if you want to set the panel explicitly.
Release a plot window.
Release a plot window so that subsequent plot commands move to the next panel or erase the plot and create a new plot.
Erase plot
Erase a plot area. This accepts the option Panel or alternatively a number or array reference which makes it possible to specify the panel to erase when working with several panels.
Plotting functions
Define a plot window, and put graphics on 'hold'
 $win->env( $xmin, $xmax, $ymin, $ymax, [$justify, $axis] );
 $win->env( $xmin, $xmax, $ymin, $ymax, [$options] );
$xmin, $xmax, $ymin, $ymax are the plot boundaries. $justify is a boolean value (default is 0); if true the axes scales will be the same (see justify). $axis describes how the axes should be drawn (see axis) and defaults to 0.
If the second form is used, $justify and $axis can be set in the options hash, for example:
 $win->env( 0, 100, 0, 50, {JUSTIFY => 1, AXIS => 'GRID',
 CHARSIZE => 0.7} );
In addition the following options can also be set for env:
The position of the plot on the page relative to the view surface in normalised coordinates as an anonymous array. The array should contain the lower and upper X-limits and then the lower and upper Y-limits. To place two plots above each other with no space between them you could do
 $win->env(0, 1, 0, 1, {PlotPosition => [0.1, 0.5, 0.1, 0.5]});
 $win->env(5, 9, 0, 8, {PlotPosition => [0.1, 0.5, 0.5, 0.9]});
Axis, Justify, Border
See the description of general options


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The Conflict Dynamics Profile (CDP), an assessment instrument measuring conflict behaviors, is an excellent resource to increase self-awareness and improve conflict management skills. The CDP is unlike any other assessment tool in that it focuses specifically on conflict behaviors, rather than styles. It helps individuals and teams understand how they respond to conflict, what triggers can escalate conflict, and how to manage conflict more effectively.
Two versions of the instrument—the CDP-Individual (CDP-I) and CDP-360— emphasize an action-oriented approach which leads to real improvement. A thorough Development Guide provides information and tips for coping with conflict and building strong interpersonal relationships.
As a "self-report," the (CDP-I) looks at how you view yourself. It provides a simple way of helping you understand more about how you respond to conflict both behaviorally and emotionally.
The CDP-360 enables you to compare your own perceptions about how you behave during conflict with those of your colleagues. It provides a complete "conflict profile" with feedback from bosses, peers, and direct reports. The CDP-360 is particularly helpful for leaders, managers, and high-potential employees for whom conflict can be particularly challenging.
In addition to feedback on 15 scales, both versions of the CDP have a unique "hot buttons" section which identifies the emotional triggers that negatively impact relationships.
- Quick and easy administration
- Inexpensive pricing
- Behavioral feedback which is easy to understand
- Information on emotional aspects of conflict
- Abbreviated Development Guide
- Group reports for intact teams
- In-depth view of conflict behaviors
- Detailed analysis of the 15 scales
- Perceptions of colleagues
- Comprehensive Development Guide
- Concrete suggestions for improving behavior patterns
- Group reports for intact teams
Using the CDP
Since the topic of conflict is so universal, there are numerous ways to use the CDP. From leadership development training with individuals and teams to coaching settings with high-potential managers, the CDP can identify both strengths as well as problem areas.
The CDP is an excellent tool to explore how conflict is being managed in an organization. The language of the instrument provides an excellent starting point for how to describe and measure a desired approach to workplace conflict. By learning these new components as part of an orientation session, new employees can adjust their personal behavior to match up with the cultural norms of the organization.
The CDP is particularly helpful in team settings. In addition to each individual report, a group report can be generated that outlines team behaviors and responses. This report often opens up the door for effective conversations about acceptable responses to conflict and hot button triggers. Members of the team learn how certain behaviors might inadvertently trigger irritation in their colleagues as well as how to avoid pushing these hot buttons.
When a client is sensitive to feedback from others or reluctant to use a multi-rater instrument, the CDP can still be used to focus on conflict patterns. The CDP helps the client consider his or her responses to conflict and provides comparisons to a large norm group. It can be a helpful first step in diagnosing areas of strength and developmental opportunities.
Constructive Behavioral Scales:
- Perspective Taking – Putting yourself in the other person's position and trying to understand that person's point of view.
- Creating Solutions – Brainstorming with the other person, asking questions, and trying to create solutions to the problem.
- Expressing Emotions – Talking honestly with the other person and expressing your thoughts and feelings.
- Reaching Out – Reaching out to the other person, making the first move, and trying to make amends.
- Reflective Thinking – Analyzing the situation, weighing the pros and cons, and thinking about the best response.
- Delay Responding – Waiting things out, letting matters settle down, or taking a "time out" when emotions are running high.
- Adapting – Staying flexible, and trying to make the best of the situation.
Destructive Behavioral Scales:
- Winning at All Costs – Arguing vigorously for your own position and trying to win at all costs.
- Displaying Anger – Expressing anger, raising your voice, and using harsh, angry words.
- Demeaning Others – Laughing at the other person, ridiculing the other's ideas, and using sarcasm.
- Retaliating – Obstructing the other person, retaliating against the other, and trying to get revenge.
- Avoiding – Avoiding or ignoring the other person, and acting distant and aloof.
- Yielding – Giving in to the other person in order to avoid further conflict.
- Hiding Emotions – Concealing your true emotions even though feeling upset.
- Self-Criticizing – Replaying the incident over in your mind, and criticizing yourself for not handling it better.
Hot Button Scales:
- Unreliable – Those who are unreliable, miss deadlines and cannot be counted on.
- Overly-Analytical – Those who are perfectionists, over-analyze things and focus too much on minor issues.
- Unappreciative – Those who fail to give credit to others or seldom praise good performance.
- Aloof – Those who isolate themselves, do not seek input from others or are hard to approach.
- Micro-Managing – Those who constantly monitor and check up on the work of others.
- Self-Centered – Those who are self-centered or believe they are always correct.
- Abrasive – Those who are arrogant, sarcastic and abrasive.
- Untrustworthy – Those who exploit others, take undeserved credit or cannot be trusted.
- Hostile – Those who lose their tempers, become angry, or yell at others.
The CDP-I report contains graphs measuring constructive behaviors, destructive behaviors, and hot buttons. It is accompanied by a 40-page Development Guide which gives suggestions for improving behaviors and cooling hot buttons.
The CDP-360 report is much more comprehensive. In addition to containing graphs measuring constructive behaviors, destructive behaviors, and hot buttons, it also has narrative comments from other raters, measures of the organizational importance of various conflict behaviors, and indications of how the individual is viewed during different stages of conflict. Accompanying the CDP-360 report is a 115-page Development Guide with suggestions for development, recommended resources, and guidelines for successful action planning.


Are Mice Attracted to House Plants?
Question: Are mice attracted to - or feed from - common houseplants? We have a mouse problem in our workplace and our HR department wants all employees to remove their plants, citing that they attract mice. I believe it is the fact that most employees eat at their desk and store food in their cubicles. Can you please advise on this?
Answer: You're the one that is correct and they are the ones that are wrong. There would be nothing about common houseplants (any potted plant indoors) that would be attractive to mice. On the other hand, food stored in cubicles would be the first place mice would go.
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What Is Imprest?
An imprest is a cash account a business relies on to pay for small, routine expenses. Funds contained in imprests are regularly replenished, in order to maintain a fixed balance. The term "imprest" can also refer to a monetary advance given to a person for a specific purpose.
Key Takeaways
 - Imprest refers to a type of cash account maintained by a company used to pay for small incidental or routine expenses.
 - A fixed account balance is established in the imprest account and refunded as needed when money is withdrawn for items like payroll, travel, or petty cash.
 - Because of its small and fixed nature that is easily monitored, imprest discourages unauthorized or lavish expenses.
How Imprest Works
The most well-known type of imprest is a petty cash account, which is used to cover smaller transactions when it's impractical or inconvenient to cut checks. Such accounts maintain a set amount of cash on-site, which can be used to reimburse employees and pay for small expenses. Petty cash funds are typically handled by custodians who monitor the account and dispense cash to employees, who in turn furnish business-related receipts.
Imprests deter the use of unauthorized spending because the funds are earmarked for specific purposes. Consequently, imprests typically pay out the same amount of money on a regular basis, which ideally brings the account to a near-zero balance, before it's automatically replenished with that same set amount of money. This system makes it easier to monitor expenses, flag discrepancies, and ultimately detect fraud.
The Imprest System
The imprest system involves the following steps:
 - A petty cash fund is established, with a set amount of cash. This is recorded in the company's ledger.
 - Any expenses paid through the petty cash fund must be documented with receipts.
 - The fund is replenished regularly with disbursement receipts to maintain a fixed balance.
 - The fund is monitored closely for any discrepancies between expected cash (based on documentation) and actual cash. If any discrepancies exist, they are investigated.
The Future of Imprests
As companies increasingly rely on electronic transactions, the imprest system is steadily falling out of favor. It's often easier to use a company credit card than an imprest, because the former offers electronic documentation of transactions, and doesn't trigger a need to replenish any outgoing funds.


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As the elevator doors slide open, people often forget about another choice that can help them lose weight. Here's your reminder.
The little decisions that we make day in and day out can have a big impact on our weight.
In a new study, researchers looked at how to help people make a healthy choice when deciding between the elevator and the stairs. They focused on three buildings, ranging from three to 10 stories high. They measured how many people were using the stairs compared to the elevator. They then posted a sign that said "Burn Calories Not Electricity."
After the researchers put up the signs, people started using the stairs in all of the buildings 9.2% to 34.7% more often. Even nine months after the signs were installed, people were much more likely to use the stairs.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a 150-pound person burns 10 calories each minute while walking up stairs.
If you live or work in a tall building, you could burn off enough calories to treat yourself to a little dessert each week.
Over the course of a year, making little changes like this one can help your clothes fit better and your bathroom scale present a number that makes you happier.


text:
The Center for Education at BIDMC offers a Teaching Consultation Service for all interested faculty. Consultations are conducted by Center for Education faculty members, who have been undergone extensive training on the principles of adult learning, curriculum development, feedback and evaluation, and peer review of teaching.
Consultations are provided on a range of topics including:
- Curriculum development
- Preparation of educational materials
- Provision of feedback and evaluation to learners
- Dealing with challenging interactions with learners
- Teaching in lectures
- Teaching in small group sessions
- Teaching at the bedside
- Teaching in the ambulatory setting
In addition, individuals may request peer observation of a teaching session to receive formative assessment on educational strategies and instructional skills. Videotape recording of teaching sessions is available and recommended to aid in the feedback process.
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center is the first academic medical center in the nation to implement a teaching consultation service. This program, funded by the medical center, is a reflection of the commitment of BIDMC to improving education for our students, residents and fellows.
To request a teaching consultation or to inquire about specific services offered, please email _EMAIL_.
|Center for Education
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
330 Brookline Avenue, ES-200
Boston, Massachusetts 02215


Test definitions
If you make a configuration change, Swarm will not use it until the configuration cache has been reloaded, this forces Swarm to use the new configuration. You must be an admin or super user to reload the Swarm config cache. Navigate to the User id dropdown menu, select System Information, click the Cache Info tab, and click the Reload Configuration button.
The project_and_branch_separator configurable character is only applied to tests created from the Tests menu, see Tests.
Specifies the character used to separate the {projects} and {branches} IDs in the URL that is passed to your CI system. Some CI systems, such as Jenkins, escape the default colon : character resulting in a failed test request. If your CI system needs a different separator character, the project_and_branch_separator character can be changed to a character that you CI system will accept, for example a dash - or an underscore _.
Be careful when selecting your separator character, some characters can cause issues when calling tests. For example, a # character in a URL call means the branch is treated as an anchor and a % character in a JSON body encoding is escaped. Both of these will result in a failed test request.
Configure the project_and_branch_separator character with the following configuration block in the SWARM_ROOT/data/config.php file:
 'test_definitions' => array(
'project_and_branch_separator' => ':',
The default value for the project_and_branch_separator configurable is a colon :.


Rank – Use a rank for an incentive
To use a rank within an incentive:
 1. Create a Levels incentive, then choose Rank as the award.
 2. In the form used to create the incentive, click on the Choose a badge button in the Badge (Award) section.
 3. Click on the rank you want.
A rank can only be used with Levels incentives.


Remote Training Site Warner Springs, CA
Survival, Evasion, Resistance, and Escape [SERE] training is conducted at the US Navy's Remote Training Site in Warner Springs, CA. West Coast Navy/Marine Corps personnel who risk capture during wartime (e.g. aviators) undergo SERE training at the Remote Naval Training Facility in Warner Springs, CA.
The students gain the knowledge and confidence necessary to survive in a hostile environment until rescued. SERE instructions covers dealing with fatigue, fear, hunger, thirst, temperature, pain and boredom. The students are divided into elements, and spend days practicing map reading, navigation, fire building, water procurement and shelter building.
The students learn about survival techniques in an outdoor, hands-on environment. They learned different water procurement and purification techniques, constructed solar stills, and setup transpiration bags for water collection. They identified and ate edible plants. They also learned how to trap small game and field dress a rabbit for cooking and eating. They construct shelters with parachute material and camp out overnight in them. Students learn how to start fires using a variety of fire starting tools and techniques, and practice ground to air signalling using ground panels and Navy smoke flares.
Survival, Evasion, Resistance and Escape Camp is located in a remote area near the community of Warner Springs in the northeastern San Diego County at an elevation of about 3200 feet. The Camp consist of a headquarters area with an administrative building, several staff barracks building, a wastewater treatment plant, and a training compound.
SERE Camp is a hundred percent dependent upon two wells for its water supply: Main Well (Well No. 1) and backup well (Well No. 2). The camp has no water supply connections with any other water systems. Storage at the camp is provided by the following three water storage tanks: 5,000 gallons raw water storage tank, 1,000 gallon hydro-pneumatic tank, and a 42,000 gallon bolted steel water storage tank.
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Page last modified: 05-07-2011 02:57:56 ZULU


text:
VisualSVN set-up guide
Installing the VisualSVN server
STEP 1: Download the standard edition of VisualSVN server from _URL_ Its free and it is supported by articy:draft
STEP 2: Install it on any Windows PC that can be reached from all computers running articy:draft. We recommend the same machine that also runs the articy:server.
STEP 3: Choose VisualSVN Server and Management Console 1
STEP 4: Choose a server port and write it down. You need this port number later when creating or importing an articy:draft project. If the port is already in use by another program or service, just pick another one from the drop down list.
STEP 5: Select a proper path for Repositories 1. This is the location where the data files are stored. It should be on a local drive of the machine. Do not use mapped or network drives!
STEP 6: Choose Use Windows authentication 2
Step 21 deals with how to handle Subversion authentication.
STEP 7: Open the VisualSVN Server Manager
STEP 8: Copy the Server URL of the VisualSVN Server into the clipboard or write the URL down. In the screenshot below the highlighted server URL is _URL_ 1. You need this URL later when creating or importing an articy:draft project.
STEP 9: Create a new repository by right-clicking Repositories 2 in the tree view on the left hand side and choose Create New Repository. A dialog box asks for a pository name. Choose any name (e.g. ArticyProjects). You also need this repository name for creating/importing projects so write it down too!
Create a new articy multi-user project
STEP 10: Start articy:draft
STEP 11: Connect to articy:server
STEP 12: Login with your articy user credentials as they were created by the articy:server admin
STEP 13: Click button Create new project on the bottom of the projects list
STEP 14: Switch to the Source control page of the create new project assistant.
STEP 15: Change source control type from Perforce provider 1 to Subversion 1.6/1.7
STEP 16: Enter https://MyServerURL:MyPort/svn/MyRepositoryName in the field Repository-URL (internal) 2
- "MyServerURL" is the server name you copied in step 8
- "MyPort" is the port number you copied in step 4
- "MyRepositoryName" is the name you have entered in step 9
STEP 17: In this example the full repository URL is _URL_
STEP 18: Enter any name in the field Repository-path 3. While you are free to choose any name, it makes sense to use the same name as the articy project itself for a better allocation. In this example the name choosen is MyProject.
STEP 19: Fill-out the remaining project details and click the Finish button 4.
STEP 20: Finally you are asked to authenticate with the SVN server.
STEP 21: As you have chosen Use Windows authentication in step 6, this is the same user account you use when starting Windows. Enter your username and password and confirm. If Windows authentication is not working for some reasons, you might want to change the authentication type of VisualSVN to Subversion authentication.
In order to do this,
- Open the VisualSVN Server Manager like shown in step 7
- Click on the link Configure authentication options... in the right side of the VisualSVN Server Manager window
- Switch to Use Subversion authentication 1 and confirm by pressing OK
- Click on the link Create new user... and fill out user name and password. Confirm by pressing OK
- Now you are able to use this SVN user account in step 20
STEP 22: The project is created and automatically stored into the VisualSVN repository.


What is the difference between core and headline inflation?
Quick Answer
According to James Bullard for the Federal Reserve Bank of Saint Louis, Mo., headline inflation includes food and energy prices when calculating the cost of living for the average consumer. Core inflation does not incorporate these two factors, because they are considered quite volatile. Members of the Federal Reserve and most economists prefer to rely on core inflation numbers to give a truer picture of future inflation trends without complications.
Continue Reading
What is the difference between core and headline inflation?
Credit: Glowimages Getty Images
Full Answer
Bullard explains that there is an enduring controversy over which inflation metric is the best to use when deciding on monetary policies intended to manage inflation. The goal is to accomplish a low and steady inflation rate that is safest for the nation's economy and its investors. Some economists argue that headline inflation is best, stating that it is unwise to remove food and energy components because they are such a large factor in every citizen's budget. Advocates for the use of the core inflation metric argue that food and energy prices can fluctuate suddenly and drastically in reaction to unexpected events, such as natural disasters, war and other disruptions to the national supply. Therefore, core inflation is believed to provide a cleaner and more stable insight into the underlying behavior of inflation.
Learn more about Currency & Conversions
Related Questions


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Multiplying Feet and Inches
How to multiply feet and inches
- Convert feet and inches to inches by multiplying feet by 12 and adding the number of inches
- Perform the required multiplication to determine the number of inches.
- Convert the inches to feet and inches by dividing by 12.
- The quotient is the number of feet and the remainder is the number of inches.
Example: Multiply 5 feet 7 inches times 4
- Convert 5 feet to inches by multiplying 12 by 5:
12 * 5 = 60 inches
- Add the number of extra inches:
60 + 7 = 67 inches
- Perform the required multiplication:
67 * 4 = 268 inches
- Convert to feet and inches by dividing by 12:
268 ÷ 12 = 22 R 4
- The quotient (22) is the number of feet and the remainder (4) is the number of inches.
- Answer: 22 feet 4 inches


Listed properties and EPC assessments
John Conlin / 21 February 2017
Chartered surveyor John Conlin explains why listed buildings don't have EPC assessments.
We are house hunting at the moment and ideally would like a period property but are concerned about running costs.
I have noticed that listed properties do not appear to have EPC assessments whilst unlisted properties of similar age do.
Why is this?
John Conlin: Buying a listed house - how liable am I?
There are two reasons.
Firstly, the assessment calculation uses fixed heat loss values for various standard forms of construction (eg cavity brickwork, solid brickwork, rendering etc) which would not be accurate for the mix of older construction and materials.
Secondly, the primary aim of an EPC is to suggest ways of improving energy conservation most of which involve changes that would not be acceptable (eg double glazing) for a listed building.


text:
You're assuming that it's 'oxidation '. Copper and it's alloys usually form a sulfide though it can also oxidize. It can also react to ammonia compounds. Cracked case necks -is caused by stress corrosion cracking.Thunderstorms create ammonia compounds from nitrogen in the air.
It's too early to give metallurgy lessons.