Select Page
Both villains and monsters are considered antagonists, but there are differences between the two. You'll want to choose which version of antagonist you're using based on the purpose and tone of your story.
Monsters and Villains: What's the Difference and When Do I Use Them?
The Main Difference Between Villains and Monsters
You probably think this is an easy one. "Well, monsters are... monstrous. Villains aren't." This isn't quite correct. The concentration in this statement is on looks. You're probably thinking about size, shape, and "otherness." But there can be "monstrous-looking" villains (Two-Face, for instance) and monsters that are humanoid (Sil, discussed later).
The main difference between villains and monsters is pretty simple: it all comes down to motivation.
You probably consider motivation with your protagonist, but do you do it with your antagonist? You should. Otherwise, your antagonist is flat and uninteresting. Not to mention probably not really scary (if scary's what you're going for).
No matter what character you're writing (including B characters!), you should always, always understand their motivation.
The Monster vs. Villain Spectrum
Consider a spectrum. On the left side is a pure monster. The right side is a pure villain. There's a sliding scale in between.
I said this all comes down to motivation, right? So your pure monster on the left has base motivations, like breeding, feeding, and surviving. There's no reasoning with a monster, as they have no sympathy for you. They are pure id.
Examples: Jaws, The BlobAlien. All of these monsters have the desire to eat and/or breed. They are a machine in that respect.
(A machine can also be an antagonist, by the way, though whether it's a monster or a villain depends on how it came to be. A sentient AI, for example, would be more villain. A rogue robot would be more monster.)
Note: Just because monsters have simplistic motivation doesn't mean you don't have to put work into their development. Check out this post on how to create great monsters.
Now let's look at the right side of the spectrum and consider the motivation of the pure villain. There is no right answer to the motivation of a villain. A villain is (typically) humanoid, and as such has a wealth of backstory, personality traits, and goals/desires. A villain is more difficult to develop because of this. You need to spend just as much time considering them as you do your protagonist.
Examples: Hannibal Lecter, Voldemort, Nurse Ratched, Lex Luthor, the Joker, Darth Vader... I think you get the point. Villains are rounded characters with often relatable and/or sympathetic characteristics. They're capable of interacting without violence and can be thoughtful instead of rash. They're complicated.
The Spectrum's Middle
So you've got your pure monster to the left and your pure villain to the right. What's in the middle?
Let's consider Dracula. He's humanoid, but he's not human. His motivations include feeding, but that's not the only thing he wants. He's a complicated mix of monster and villain, so he goes in the middle. I would place him to the right of the middle, as his motivations (and looks) are more humanoid than monstrous.
Now let's look at Pennywise, the clown from Stephen King's It. He's mostly inhuman in appearance (especially in the book), compulsively generates fear, and feeding is definitely up there on his priority list. Those are checkmarks for the monster column.
But he also loathes the band of friends, is able to communicate without being violent, and revenge plays a major part in his motivation to terrorize the main characters. Those are villainous qualities. Pennywise goes in the middle of the spectrum as a nice mix of villain and monster.
One more example of someone in the middle: Sil from the movie Species. Sil is humanoid (she's alien DNA spliced with human DNA and considered very beautiful), yet her motivation is to survive so she can breed.
While Sil does have a sympathetic background (she was made in a lab and her creators tried to kill her as a child), she's not a sympathetic character in the slightest. She's single-minded and often unnecessarily violent.
Sil belongs in the middle, quite close to the left/monster side of the spectrum, despite being humanoid in appearance most of the time. See, not every monster is monstrous-looking.
When to Use a Monster
Since monsters have rather simplistic motivations, they add a threat to a story and to your main characters. There's a lot of fear surrounding monsters, so they are much more common in horror stories than anywhere else. Not that villains can't inspire fear, but the nature of a monster makes fear a more natural state.
Monsters are, after all, "other" and more unsympathetic. It's easier for the protagonist to kill a monster.
A story using a monster as an antagonist has plenty of room for character development for your protagonist. Use a monster when you want to put a lot of focus on your main character and their struggles.
There's very little in the way of explaining a monster's backstory or worrying about his motivations (because he's trying to eat you). The focus is on survival for the main characters and their character arcs in the process.
The most common character arc here is the main character going from "weak" to "strong" in order to defeat the monster.
When to Use a Villain
Villains bring tension to your story. Like monsters, they can also bring fear, but since their motivations are more cerebral and they tend to look human, pure fear is less common.
The character arc of your protagonist is directly affected by the villain, as it is by monsters, but in a more nuanced way. Protagonists can often be tempted by, or sympathetic toward, villains in a way they can't be with monsters. Character arcs for your main characters when up against a villain are also more interesting.
Rather than focusing more on survival for your main characters, you can look at morality, wit, dedication to ideals, anything really.
What's the Purpose of Your Story?
The purpose is where you should start with every story. In other words, what's your story's motivation?
Are you going for a fear fest? Are you wanting to point out problems with society? Are you wanting your main character to struggle with their own morality? Do you want to develop a really kickass creature to let loose on a town?
What if it's a little bit of all of the above? Then develop a monstrous villain or a villainous monster!
Your antagonist in every situation is there to serve your story. Think about how you want them to serve your story, and the best way to have them do so, before you start writing and you'll be well on your way to developing an awesome story!
Think about Frankenstein's monster. Where do you think he falls on the Monster vs. Villain Spectrum? Let me know in the comments!
Today you're going to develop an antagonist. First, choose whether you want to develop a monster or a villain. (If you're going for monster, definitely check out this post on building great monsters. If you're going for a villain, you'll need backstory, personality traits, etc.)
Then, set a timer for fifteen minutes. Develop your monster or villain. In either case, DON'T FORGET THE MOTIVATION!
When you're done, share your writing in the comments. Don't forget to comment on your fellow writers' work!
Sarah Gribble
Sarah Gribble
Sarah Gribble is the author of dozens of short stories that explore uncomfortable situations, basic fears, and the general awe and fascination of the unknown. She just released Surviving Death, her first novel, and is currently working on her next book.
Follow her on Instagram or join her email list for free scares.
Add Comment
Viewing Highlight


text:
Introduction to Owls
Family: Strigidae (Owls)
There are six species of naturally occurring owl in the United Kingdom today, while a seventh, the European Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo), is living wild in England as a result of natural migration from the Continent, or as a result of escaping from bird collections. Despite these wild populations, it is a matter of dispute as to whether the Eagle Owl is a naturalised species.
Look under the Species Menu for all our native Owls

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


I was recently reading through some posts on this site. A question struck me -
Why does an object attached to the end of a string which is further attached to an accelerating car behave differently than it would if the object is attached with a rod welded to the roof?
P.S.- Apparently there is a misunderstanding with my question. What I mean by 'differently' is that the object when attached through a string tries to remain in rest, but then accelerates with the car (inertia), causing the string to make an angle $\theta$ with the vertical, whereas it is not the case when the object is attached through a rod, i.e., the rod always make $0^\circ$ with the vertical.
enter image description here
Edit - I have added a picture, if that helps...
 - $\begingroup$ Can you clarify what do you mean by 'behave differently'? $\endgroup$ – Cluse Mar 7 at 17:34
 - $\begingroup$ _USER_ Is it clear now? $\endgroup$ – user290607 Mar 7 at 17:49
 - $\begingroup$ Not to me. I think you're relying on people knowing the class of problem you're talking about, but I don't, so I'll drop it. In general, especially in this type of question with multiple scenarios of things attached together involving angles, etc, a picture really helps. $\endgroup$ – tom10 Mar 7 at 19:07
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ Why do you say the rod will always remain vertical? $\endgroup$ – Sandejo Mar 7 at 19:13
 - $\begingroup$ Is the rod able to rotate? Or is it a rod connected to the bus in an unmovable fashion? $\endgroup$ – Deschele Schilder Mar 8 at 9:04
Alright then. Imagine you find yourself on a bus. There is a string hanging from the ceiling. Next to the string, a rod is welded to the ceiling. I think you agree that the string is movable in all directions while the rod is not (unless you attach the rod to a flexible joint).
Now attach a mass to the end of the string and one to the end of the rod. Can you see it? The bus starts to accelerate. The passengers feel themselves pushed to the seat they are in. Just so, both masses feel a force directed to the rear of the bus. The mass on the string is free to move (within the confine the string imposes) and the string will make an angle with the vertical direction. This angle depends on the value of the mass attached. The higher the mass, the smaller the angle (the force of gravity, which pulls the mass down gets bigger). The mass on the rod will not be able to move because the rod is welded to the ceiling. Only if the rod can move in the way the string can move, both the string and the rod will make an angle with the vertical upon acceleration.
Do you get me?
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ No. That still does not answer my question. Why does not the rod bend? $\endgroup$ – user290607 Mar 8 at 13:04
 - 2
 $\begingroup$ Ah. now its clear. The röd bends a little. If it would bend visibly it wouldnt be a rod. $\endgroup$ – Deschele Schilder Mar 8 at 16:10
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ I have accepted your solution. Since the rod bends a little, the horizontal component of the force on the bus is the only force on the object, which is the same as compared to the string. Where is the difference (there is a subtle difference, I think). Please elaborate. $\endgroup$ – user290607 Mar 8 at 17:11
 - $\begingroup$ _USER_ What do you mean by the force on the bus? $\endgroup$ – Deschele Schilder Mar 8 at 17:14
 - $\begingroup$ The force which causes the bus to accelerate. $\endgroup$ – user290607 Mar 8 at 17:15
I understand I have not understood the question right when I answered the following:
Because of inertia. If no forces are acting on an object, the objects velocity does not change. Using a string the car accelerates the object to a certain velocity and when slowing down the object will continue to move towards the car as no forces are acting on it (until it hits the car where the normal force of the mass of the car slows it down at once). Using a rod the object again accelerates with the car as it is tied to it. But when the car slows down, the normal force of the mass of the car immediately acts on the object thrue the rod, slowing down the object at the same time as the car slows down.
Second Try:
If I understood correctly what is meant here, the reason for the object making an angle to the "vertical" is simply inertia and the fact that it the string has a finite length: The object (attached outside of the car on the ceiling or inside on the ground) wants to stay at rest but is accelerated. The only way to stay as much at rest as possible is to move down (in addition to moving to the opposite side of the acceleration relative to the car) and thus making that angle.
If you meant horizontal instead of "vertical" (the object being attached to the back of the car outside) then the reason is chaos of aerodynamics. Aerodynamics predicts that the object moves in every direction, despite being dragged back by inertia and thus making that angle. But I'm not that familiar with aerodynamics and am therefor not able to give you more details. What I do understand is that when using a fixed rod welded to the car, the object has no degree of freedom whatsoever. Its position is completely determined by the car. A string gives the object all three degrees of freedom $(r,\theta,\varphi)$, inspite of some boundaries: $r\le L$ (length of string), $\varphi\in [0,\pi]$ (object can't go into the car), $\theta\in [0,\pi]$ (boundaries for $\theta$ are normal). Having these degrees of freedom the chaotic consequences of aerodynamics act on the object.
 - $\begingroup$ I think that the object hangs on a string or rod instead of lying on the ground (of the bus or behind it). $\endgroup$ – Deschele Schilder Mar 8 at 9:13
 - $\begingroup$ _USER_ I have extended my answer. $\endgroup$ – Roger Mar 8 at 11:37
 - $\begingroup$ Do you envision the object in or outside the car? I'm not sure if I understand the connection between the deviation from the vertical and chaos of aerodynamics. If I hang (inside a bus) a mass on a string, then on acceleration of the bus the object the string will deviate from hanging vertical (which a rod melted to the ceiling can't do). $\endgroup$ – Deschele Schilder Mar 8 at 11:45
 - $\begingroup$ _USER_ I have mistaken vertical with horizontal. The answer is updated now. $\endgroup$ – Roger Mar 8 at 11:51
 - $\begingroup$ _USER_ I don't think my question has anything to do with aerodynamics. You can think of the bus in vacuum if you wish. $\endgroup$ – user290607 Mar 8 at 12:34


text:
Considering the fact that half of you reading this right now are probably wearing one, It's only right to start this week off with the most commonplace of all acronymic items– the OCBD (oxford cloth button down.) While the latter half is attributed to the shirt's button down collar, Oxford Cloth itself has a far less straightforward explanation. As the last remaining fabric from a series of four, Oxford cloth's story is one of inexplicable survival. In the late nineteenth century a Scottish Mill designed and produced four cloths, one for each of the world's most distinguished universities. While Harvard, Yale, and Cambridge all had their respective cloths lost to history, for reasons unknown Oxford endured becoming one of the most widespread fabrics in the world. Oxford cloth is created by weaving together two yarns that are of the same color but just a shade different, giving it a marled texture that breaks from the ordinary aesthetic of a solid dress shirt.
Oxford Cloth shirts were originally perceived to be a piece of formal wear and were exclusively worn as part of a suit. This all began to change in 1896, when John E. Brooks, (the grandson of Henry Sand Brooks, the founder of Brooks Brothers') went to England and noticed that polo players were wearing shirts with button down collars to keep them secured during games. Brooks brought the design back to the states, and Brooks Brothers combined the button down collar with oxford cloth to create the OCBD. They remained a relatively formal shirt until the 1930′s, when tennis and polo players began wearing Oxford cloth button downs during their games. While these were still unequivocally upper class sports, they nonetheless placed the Oxford shirt in an entirely new context, and by the 50′s Ivy League undergrads were wearing OCBD's. For the students, and their limited wardrobes, the versatile shirts were a major asset. OCBD's could not only be worn untucked on weekends, or with a jacket when going out, the shirts relaxed basket weave also allowed them to be worn pretty much year round. Today, practically every company produces their version of the OCBD, and they're somewhat of a collectors item, not because they're rare but because you can never collect too many.


text:
Launched in 2020, Techquity is a new collective impact initiative to bridge the digital divide throughout our community. Supported by United Way's Technology United network, Techquity connects stakeholders from our business, education, and social sector to promote digital equity and inclusion via three strategies:
- Access: Ensuring all families have digital devices and the internet in their homes.
- Education: Fostering digital literacy and career pathways in technology.
- Innovation: Leveraging technology to accelerate innovation in the social sector.
Techquity's priority populations include:
- Households with school-aged children
- Persons seeking employment
- Vulnerable populations, such as those experiencing domestic violence or homelessness
To date, Techquity has provided:
- Laptops for nonprofit agency partners
- Laptops for students at 12 Milwaukee Community Schools
- 180 hot spots for members of the community to access the internet to continue education and/or to work from home
If your organization has outdated computers or other technology, consider giving them a second life! Technology donations can easily be recycled and put to good use in our community. All kinds of technology donations are accepted and most items will be refurbished for reuse. If donations can't be refurbished, they will be recycled properly at no cost to the donor.
If you do not currently have a dedicated recycler for your technology equipment, United Way can help you through one of our partners Digital Bridge of Milwaukee. Digital Bridge is NAID AAA certified in our area to wipe and reuse drives. After wiping the hardware, they load Windows 10 operating system and Microsoft products on each computer and help United Way distribute them to community members that need a computer.
To learn more about donating technology, contact Nicole Angresano at _PHONE_ or fill out the form below.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Situations that make us try to restart the Apple Watch :
- Hang the apple due to wrong operation during software update
- A lot of lag after a long time of use
- Do not install new software from iPhone
When you have the above situations, try restarting the Apple Watch in the following 2 ways:
Method 1: Turn off restart ( Restart Apple Watch )
- Press and hold down the Side button until the start screen appears again
- Slide the Power Off bar (Power Off) to turn off Apple Watch
- After Apple Watch has turned off, press and hold the button next to the hip again until the apple logo appears. Apple Watch will be restarted after these operations
- Note: This process cannot be performed if the Apple Watch is being placed on the charging dock.
Method 2: Forced start ( Force restart Apple Watch )
Apple recommends that users only apply this method as a last resort when Apple Watch hangs an apple or doesn't have any feedback. Do the following:
- Press and hold silent while two Digital Crown buttons and Side button at least 10 seconds.
- After seeing Apple Watch appear apple logo, release both buttons at the same time. Apple Watch will restart.
- Note: Do not conduct Force restart if Apple Watch is in the process of updating the software.
Do not hang / lag while copying photos and music from iPhone to Apple Watch:
- Split the number of pictures that you want to copy into Apple Watch, do not copy too much then Apple Watch will easily hang.
- Copy specific music playlist one by one.
- When suspended, stop the copying process and restart Apple Watch as instructed above.
In order not to hang apples during the software update process, you should note the following:
- The Apple Watch battery is over 50% and it is being placed on the charging dock with the charger (Be careful not to touch it to drop it from the charging dock, the Apple Watch will easily hang or restart, very time consuming).
- iPhone needs to be near Apple Watch during the download and installation process (You pay attention while charging don't hold the iPhone around and lose connection with Apple Watch, this is very easy to cause installation error later).
Basically, the Apple Watch works very stable and rarely hangs / lag / slow. However, when you do, you should try to restart each step as before applying other measures.


Home / World Economy / IMF/OECD News / IMF: How social unrest can inspire changes in policy
IMF: How social unrest can inspire changes in policy
Protests driven by the pandemic's economic fallout are on the rise, with potentially long-lasting economic consequences.
Protests can be catalysts for political reform and social change. But what impact do they have on the economy?
According to the latest Global Peace Index, the number of riots, general strikes and anti-government demonstrations around the world have increased by a staggering 244 percent in the last decade. Lockdowns and fears of contagion forced a temporary lull. But in virtually every region of the world, demonstrators are making a comeback. Causes range from frustration over governments' handling of the crisis to mounting inequality and corruption—factors that tend to heighten existing tensions and disparities, and have led to social unrest in the aftermath of previous pandemics.
Using the Reported Social Unrest Index (RSUI)—an index developed by IMF staff based on press coverage—we find that the short to medium-term economic costs of social unrest can in fact be quite large, especially in emerging markets and developing economies (we do not study the potential long-term impacts).
A new wave of unrest could affect the recovery
In our working paper, we estimate the macroeconomic impact of social unrest over the period _PHONE_. In addition, we identify social unrest events—events that create an unusually high increase in the RSUI—and classify these into three categories, based on the underlying cause of the trigger: political, socio-economic and mixed.
To give a real-world example, think of the demonstrations that followed former Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto's election in 2012 or Chile's presidential election in 2013—this is a less significant shock equivalent to one standard deviation, which can reduce GDP by about 0.2 percentage points six months after the shock.
On average, GDP remains 1 percentage point below its pre-shock level a year after a major protest. Image: IMF
By comparison, the protests of July 2019 in Hong Kong SAR and the yellow vest protests of 2018 in France—which meet the threshold of social unrest events as defined above—resulted in an increase of 4 standard deviations in the RSUI causing a GDP reduction of about 1 percentage point.
These effects on GDP seem to be driven by sharp contractions in manufacturing and services (sectoral dimension), and consumption (demand dimension). Our findings also suggest that social unrest affects activity by lowering confidence and increasing uncertainty.
Not all countries and events are equal
We also find that the adverse impact of unrest is typically larger in countries with weak institutions and limited policy space. Thus, countries with weak fundamentals pre-pandemic are expected to suffer the most should social discontent turn into unrest.
The economic impact of unrest also differs by the type of event: protests motivated by socio-economic concerns result in sharper GDP contractions compared to those associated mainly with politics/elections. Demonstrations triggered by a combination of both socio-economic and political factors—not unlike what we saw in Tunisia and Thailand earlier this year—have the biggest impact.
Policy matters
Public protests can be an important expression of the need to change policy. Governments need to listen and respond, but also try to anticipate people's needs with policies aimed at giving everyone a fair shot at prosperity. Boosting employment, containing the long-term impact of the crisis and protecting those who have been left behind must remain priorities. To ensure success and avoid strife, recent IMF staff research notes that reforms require a broad social dialogue on the role of the state and how to sustainably finance budget pressures. Otherwise, the economic costs of the pandemic will likely be compounded by those of the ensuing unrest.
Source: World Economic Forum
Recent Videos
Hellenic Shipping News Worldwide Online Daily Newspaper on Hellenic and International Shipping


text:
Cable-Stayed Bridge Concept for Longer Spans
|Issue:||Journal of Bridge Engineering (ASCE)", August 1996, n. 3, v. 1|
Achieving larger maximum spans by inventing new bridge systems has always been a fascinating intellectual challenge. Several concepts of modified cable-supported bridges have been proposed in the past that promise to surpass the more traditional cable-supported bridges in terms of maximum span length. Some of these concepts are recalled in this paper. An alternative concept derived from the classical cable-stayed bridge system is presented. Instead of vertical pylons, pairs of inclined pylon legs, spreading out longitudinally and connected at the top by horizontal ties, are used. The merits and shortcomings of such a system are discussed. Based on a comparative analysis of forces, quantities, and costs, it is concluded that the alternative concept presented in this paper not only allows the achievement of larger maximum spans, but also can lead to an economically advantageous designeven within the span-length range of the classical cable-stayed bridge system.


text:
Definitions of vindication
n. - The act of vindicating, or the state of being vindicated; defense; justification against denial or censure; as, the vindication of opinions; his vindication is complete. 2
n. - The claiming a thing as one's own; the asserting of a right or title in, or to, a thing. 2
The word "vindication" uses 11 letters: A C D I I I N N O T V.
No direct anagrams for vindication found in this word list.
Words formed by adding one letter before or after vindication (in bold), or to acdiiinnotv in any order:
s - vindications
All words formed from vindication by changing one letter
Browse words starting with vindication by next letter


text:
One of the key challenges in advanced microarchitecture is to provide high performance hardware components that work as application accelerators. In this paper, we present a Cache Coherent Architecture that optimizes
memory accesses to patterns using both a hardware component
and specialized instructions. The high performance hardware component in our context is aimed at CMP (Chip MultiProcessing) and MPSoC (Multiprocessor System-on-Chip).
A large number of applications targeted at embedded systems are known to read and write data in memory following regular memory access patterns.
In our approach, memory access patterns are fed to a specific hardware accelerator that can be
used to optimize cache consistency mechanisms by prefetching data and reducing the number of transactions.
In this paper, we
propose to analyze this component and its associated protocol that
enhance a cache coherent system to perform speculative requests
when access patterns are detected. The main contributions are
the description of the system architecture providing the highlevel overview of a specialized hardware component and the
associated transaction message model. We also provide a first
evaluation of our proposal, using code instrumentation of a


text:
For eg. In the below data, we may not remember the full name of sales person, but we know that her name starts with jac. Now how do you get the sales amount for that person?
SolutionSimple. Use wild cards. Like this:
=VLOOKUP("jac*",$B$5:$E$17,3,FALSE)to fetch the value from 3rd column for the person whose name starts with jac


text:
Ministry of Public Health today announced the registration of 623 new confirmed cases of COVID-19 and the recovery of 61 cases, bringing the total number of recovered cases in Qatar to 750.
Most of the new cases are for expatriate workers most of who have been subject to quarantine after it was found that they were in contact with confirmed cases.
All newly infected cases have been put into isolation and are receiving the necessary medical care.
With the registration of 61 new recovered cases, the total number of people to have recovered from COVID-19 is 750.
The Ministry of Public Health stated that the recent increase in the number of confirmed new cases of coronavirus is due to several reasons, including that the spread of the virus has begun to enter the peak stage (i.e. the highest wave that affects the country), which may continue to increase for a period of time before it begins to decline.
It is also due to the increase in the efforts of the Ministry and its medical teams to track the transmission chains of coronavirus and expand the surveillance process, including of groups of contacts with people who were previously diagnosed with the disease. All of this has contributed to the early detection of many cases of infection and reduced the spread of the virus.


text:
Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
- (transitive) To make a rude or obscene gesture at someone.
- Would you believe he flipped me off over that comment?
- He was so pissed he flipped off the policeman.
- The specific gestures this term refers to varies by region and dialect.


Posted on Friday 17th of July 2020 07:42:02 AM
ozamiz misamis occidental philippines
This article is about ozamiz misamis occidental philippines. If you ever wanted to find out more about dating girls from around the world, this is for you. Read more of ozamiz misamis occidental philippines:
About ozamiz misamis:
The name ozamiz misamis comes from the Spanish "ozamico" or "ozamis." The name girls looking for men originates from the island of Ozamiz in the middle east. In early history, the people there used the local name "Mizamiz" as the local name of their people, which means "Mizamis." The term "Mizamis" was used for the whole island in the region, but the name "ozamiz" was reserved for the specific town of Ozamiz in Ozamiz district. The "ozamiz" suffix, which can also mean "love" was added to the word in late medieval times. Today, this word has become a common term for the type of people in a certain area.
ozamiz is a tropical, subtropical and subtropical island located on the south west corner of Africa.
The area of Ozamiz was first settled by Muslims in the middle ages. Later, the island was settled by Jews, who were the only Asians in the region, who were called "Mizass". At that time, there was no English word for the word "Mizass".
Ozamiz is divided into a number of different districts with their own languages. There are different districts in Ozamiz called "Zaman" (the name is derived from the Arabic word, "zaman", which marisa raya means "the place"). The main town of Ozamiz is known as "Kizamiz". The district of "Mizas" is a mix of the other two. The name Ozamiz means "the place where the sun rises". "Ozamiz" is a port city (called "Pangkas", the port of the sun). In most of the districts in Ozamiz, the most common language of the people is kaittie the same as their region's language, "Sawan". The people of Ozamiz have a very high standard of health, with an average life expectancy of 66 years. Ozamiz is known for the quality of its food. You can find the best food anywhere in the world, it's just expensive. It's like it was made for everyone. But it's cheap. That's why there are so many good restaurants here. And because the food is so cheap, you don't need a lot of money to live a healthy life here.
There are many places to eat and drinks in Ozamiz. And the people are friendly. The people here really are very nice. The food is amazing. And you can find many restaurants and bars. And there are lots of places to do some shopping. I had a great time staying in this little town of Ozamiz. This is a great place to visit. I recommend you go to this little town in Ozamiz Philippines for a couple of days. They are very cheap to stay here. I stayed in one room. It cost me less than US$5 per day and a lot of the other girls in the town are quite cheap to spend a little bit more for a bigger room or more comfy chairs. The town is not too crowded or too small. It's just a little town with a lot of history.
I love this town. It's so small, you can take an hour and get somewhere to go and it's a nice place to relax. I recommend going there for one or two nights. It's nice to have the whole town to yourself. There are all the little restaurants where you can relax with a good drink or a cup of coffee. This is a good place to get to know a local girl, meet other local girls and have a few drinks. There is also a lot of cute girls in the area and they'll all be happy to chat to you. In all, I really recommend this place for a night of fun.
I just came back from a trip to Ozamiz and it was like a whole different world. Ozamiz is one of my favorite cities, and this is free online date the place I'll return to. We went to one of the famous bars and found this very cute girl there. She was super nice and asked about me for some reason. She was so friendly and the atmosphere was really laid back. I'll definitely be coming back. The food is so yummy, it's a must-visit for any traveler. We ate at a super-friendly place and had a nice conversation about a lot of things.
This place is beautiful, very classy, very clean and very chill. Everything is so good here. I had the fried chicken and it was amazing! I am so happy I decided to try it out. The portions datingsite are so big! And the food is so good. I recommend it!
Wow. This place was sooooo good. The atmosphere is relaxed but has a great sense of place and there is always enough to eat. I have never been here as a waitress or the owner, but have tried a couple other places and celibataire.com found the quality of food and service to be a step above. It is a little noisy, but if you are not in a hurry to leave, you will not be disappointed. My favorite part of the meal was the grilled chicken. It was good but it was also juicy, tender, and very flavorful. The only bad part was that it was very oily. That can be a little bit of a bummer if you are a meat eater.
Great food! We ordered the grilled chicken and shrimp. Very flavorful, but we didn't get the shrimp portion we were expecting. They gave us the fried calamari instead, which I thought was pretty good but was very fatty. I asian dating free chat also got the mango salad for my main dish. It was a really healthy salad, with mango chunks in every bowl. Also, we had our main dish served with a rice bowl that was super filling. We ended up getting about 8 people total with us, so it's not like it was just us. They were very accommodating with us asking if we could take a break after our first course. I don't think it's anything like what you'd find in other places.


6 Replies Latest reply: Feb 24, 2012 10:52 PM by VladimirN. RSS
 Mathcad 15 - Opening and Closing Areas Causes Other Fields to Move
 seetheforest Copper
 I feel like this is a bug in Mathcad, but I would love it if someone had a solution for this.
 I'm using a worksheet with multiple areas in Mathcad and I have noticed that after using the worksheet for some time, the text fields above the areas will "creep" upward or downward. Additionally if I move the text fields, the first motion they make is subtle, as if they had been placed inbetween a grid space and were put back on the nearest grid.
 I hope I am explaining this in a way that you all can understand. It's really annoying to set up a worksheet and constantly have to realign everything as you use it.
 I've made a sample worksheet for you to try. If you note the difference in the spacing between the title and the area before you open it and after you open it, you can see the difference. It is really small at first, but over time it creeps farther apart depending on what you are doing in the worksheet.


text:
Background: The health effects and safety of non-nutritive sweeteners were investigated through various studies, with different study designs. ROBINS-I is proposed as a tool for quality assessment of non-randomised studies (non-RCTs).
Objectives: To assess the quality of non-RCTs with ROBINS-I, as part of a systematic review about health effects of non-nutritive sweeteners.
Methods: We used standard systematic review methodology as proposed by the Cochrane Handbook for the systematic review. Quality assessment of non-RCTs was conducted using ROBINS-I following the published guidance. A common understanding on how to assess each ROBINS-I domain was sought for in repeated discussions prior to assessment. Pairs of researchers independently assessed risk of bias in all domains and noted their results and comments in an Excel sheet. A harmonised understanding of the domains and the judgement was supported by discussing disagreements after initial assessment.
Results: We identified and included 60 studies in the systematic review. Of these, 32 were non-RCTs, including 9 non-RCTS or quasi-RCTs, 6 cohort studies, 16 case-control studies, and 1 cross-sectional study. Most non-RCTs had a serious risk of bias according to ROBINS-I assessment. A common understanding of the domains and judgement procedure during assessment had to be established by using the ROBINS-I guidance and during various group discussions.
Conclusions: The initial understanding of and the judgement with the ROBINS-I assessment tool varied slightly across researchers, but a common understanding could be established by using the guidance and group discussions. Comments and notes about common methodological procedures in nutritional research supported the judgement of the study quality. Guidance for the quality assessment of different study designs with ROBINS-I would be helpful in our perspective.


text:
People frequently use fluctuating string in AdS black hole (see 1,2,3 etc) to study dynamics of a "free external quark" in quark-gluon-plasma (QGP) at finite temperature. The background black hole geometry induces a black hole in the string world sheet. Many interesting results about the boundary theory can be obtained, at least qualitatively, just studying the Nambu-Goto action.
My question is : Why do people usually choose just one of the transverse spatial directions along which the world sheet can fluctuate? Suppose there is a background magnetic field in addition. Shouldn't one need at least two spatial directions for the world sheet to fluctuate to observe/study its effect on the "quark"?
This post imported from StackExchange Physics at 2015-11-09 19:45 (UTC), posted by SE-user pinu


text:
If you know the meaning of the second type of "data spill" as in the underlined, even if you're not a computer expert, please let me know what it means. I think "the transferred website" can contain the previous page's personal information entered, not the address like _URL_.
gu121)"Data spills" means that your personal information is disclosed to some people on the Internet. Many spills happen when you navigate from one website to another. The second site is notified by your browser of the identity of the first site, which might contain confidential information. Then, the data you entered on the first site could be transferred to the second. Data spills can also occur as a result of survey information that gets placed in a website address. When you fill out a form with personal information, you're sometimes taken to a page whose address contains the information you entered. This address could be seen by a third party, who then would have access to your private data.


text:
Scanning Electron Microscope images of insects and spiders taken by the Museum's Sue Lindsay feature in a recent Australia Post stamp issue.
A series of six Australia Post stamps feature Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images of insects and spiders taken by the Australian Museum's micrographer Sue Lindsay. The striking micrographs are of an ant, a Jumping Spider, a weevil, a Hatchet Wasp, a Ground Beetle and a Dead Leaf Mimic Mantis (praying mantis) imaged at over eight times their normal size.
The Micro Monster stamps are available at participating Australia Post outlets and the Australian Museum shop while stock lasts.
This material has been reproduced with permission of the Australian Postal Corporation. © 2009 Australian Postal Corporation. The original work is held in the National Philatelic Collection.
SEM is used by scientists at the Australian Museum as a taxonomic tool to help them identify and describe species of fauna. Using Scanning Electron Microscopy scientists can view specimens at magnifications of up to 40,000 times. (The most powerful SEM, the Zeiss Evo LS15, can image at 1,000,000 times.) Microstructures that cannot normally be seen or difficult to see under light microscopes can be viewed in the SEM with amazing 3D clarity.


text:
- Dry Transfer is a definitely more realistic medium than existing water
slide decals for modeling.
- It is an easier and faster method than decals in transferring and finishing.
- There is no silvering effect after transferring.
- In most finishing cases, you do not need to try to spray and spray with
top coats to hide decal film on your work.
- Of course, you also do not need to use other decal solutions or solvents.
- The surface of marking after transferring can be polished flatter than
- Missing transfer dots or fragments can be easily fixed with modeling
enamels or paints of the same color.
- Effective long-term preservation
(Well preserved Dry Transfers over 10 years old have been successfully
applied without failure)
Yes there are some Defects.
- You need to be more careful not to scratch or crack the transferred
marking with rough handling.
- It is impossible to change location after transferring.
- It is harder to transferring on the surface of irregularly curved, sharply
bent or tightly cornered areas.
- You need to be more careful in multi transferring than multi decaling
(other color markings over the first transferred marking)
- Printing requires a more difficult process, resulting in higher prices.
Things you should be careful in working on NMF(Natural Metal Finish) surface
Thank you Mr. Derek Bradshaw for this comments
There could be adjustment problems with dry tranfers when used on models that have been finished in buffable metallic coatings (Alclad, for example).
The transfers adhere imediately with little pressure (before burnishing), and are likely to tear if repositioned, so please be careful if you are applying these transfers to any model finished with this type of paint.
If the model has a sealing coat of varnish, and then has the tranfers applied, the problem does not occur.
We also advise that, after application of the transfers, that an additional (light) sealing coat of varnish is applied to the model.
Foil finishes, and car type (or other hard silver finishes) are OK, and are not affected in this manner, only the buffable finishes that use powdered metal in conjunction with the paint.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I've a problem. I'm scrapping a txt file and extracting an ID. The problem is that the data is not consistent and I have to evaluate the data.
Here is some code:
$a = "34";
$b = " 45";
$c = "ddd556z";
if ( ) {
 echo "INTEGER";
} else{
 echo "STRING";
I need test if the values $a, $b or $c are Integers. What is the best way of doing this? I have tested to "trim" and the use "is_int" but is not working as expected.
Can someone give me some clues?
share|improve this question
as your data are all strings in this example you will show false when using is_int($a) (or $b or $c) What results are you expecting? $a and $b to be true? Then either cast to an int or use is_numeric() however note that floats, doubles and numbers using scientific notation will also show as true using is_numeric(). php.net/manual/en/function.is-numeric.php – billythekid Jun 13 '11 at 11:10
add comment
3 Answers
up vote 8 down vote accepted
The example below will work even if your "int" is a string $a = "number";
preg_match( '/^-?[0-9]+$/', $var ) // negative number © Piskvor
intval($var) == $var
or (same as last)
(int) $var == $var
share|improve this answer
-1 is not an integer? – Piskvor Jun 13 '11 at 11:09
Only the example with preg will not validate -1. All other will. – llnk Jun 13 '11 at 11:11
_USER_: Integers. Note the part about negative numbers - the OP didn't specify "positive integers", did he? ( /^-?[0-9]+$/ would work) – Piskvor Jun 13 '11 at 11:15
_USER_: I have wrote 4 example. Only the preg doens't match the negative number. do you think it is enough to give a -1?... anyway I have added your solution in my answer. +1 to you – llnk Jun 13 '11 at 11:17
_USER_: "Part of my answer is wrong, so what?" Well, that's definitely worthy of the highest negative integer. – Piskvor Jun 13 '11 at 11:19
show 1 more comment
$strings = array('1820.20', '10002', 'wsl!12');
foreach ($strings as $testcase) {
 if (ctype_digit($testcase)) {
 echo "The string $testcase consists of all digits.\n";
 } else {
 echo "The string $testcase does not consist of all digits.\n";
// will output
//The string 1820.20 does not consist of all digits.
//The string 10002 consists of all digits.
//The string wsl!12 does not consist of all digits.
share|improve this answer
add comment
$a = 34;
if (is_int($a)) {
 echo "is integer";
} else {
 echo "is not an integer";
will not validate as int ;)
share|improve this answer
can't work because he has $a = "34"; – llnk Jun 13 '11 at 11:11
yeah, I have mentioned it also.. – Vamsi Jun 13 '11 at 11:13
add comment
Your Answer


inbound airline is responsible for ticketing the inadmissible passenger to whatever place advised by the authorities. It should obtain payment in the following order:
 1. If the passenger already has an outbound ticket (on any carrier) to the place specified by the authorities, then that ticket may be used immediately. Any restrictions preventing immediate use of the ticket (such as minimum stay, change fees, restriction to a specific airline, etc) should be ignored. The ticket should be revalidated (changed) by the final inbound airline and imprinted with the words "RESTRICTIONS WAIVED DUE TO INAD" in the endorsements box (to explain the situation to other carriers).
 2. If there are unflown flight coupons remaining on the inbound ticket, the final inbound airline may appropriate these flight coupons and use their value towards payment of a new outbound ticket. (Again, the ticketing airline may disregard any endorsements or restrictions on those coupons.) The word "INAD" must be appended to the passenger's name on the new ticket.
 3. If the passenger does not have a return ticket or the value of the unflown coupons does not cover the transportation costs, then the final inbound carrier is responsible for collecting the fare due for the outbound journey from the passenger.
 4. If the final inbound carrier is unable to collect the fare due for the outbound journey from the passenger, that carrier is still responsible for issuing the outbound ticket. The cost of the outbound ticket is shared between all the carriers who offered carriage on the continuous journey from the point of origin on the ticket (or the last stopover, if there was one), to the place where entry was refused. The sharing is pro-rated by mileage, so the final carrier won't pay much if it just operated a short leg on a much longer itinerary.
 5. However, if the final inbound carrier was technically incapable of issuing the onward ticket, then another inbound carrier may issue it instead; but the final inbound carrier is then responsible to the ticketing carrier for the full transportation cost (it isn't shared).
 - 3
 +1 for a well-researched and comprehensive answer. Of course, none of that precludes the carrier from recovering any costs or fines from the passenger if the contract of carriage permits that. – Zach Lipton Aug 24 '17 at 17:41
 - Just to clarify, for future readers who were confused like I was: "inbound" here refers to the airline/flight that brought the passenger to the point where entry was refused. "Outbound" refers to the transportation leaving that location. – Michael Seifert May 18 '20 at 13:32
ICAO Annex 9 chapter 5 covers removal. Entries 5.10 and 5.11:
5.10 When a person is found inadmissible and is returned to the aircraft operator for transport away from the territory of the State, the aircraft operator shall not be precluded from recovering from such person any transportation costs involved in his removal. 5.11 The aircraft operator shall remove the inadmissible person to: a) the point where he commenced his journey; or b) to any place where he is admissible.
PDF download
If you are refused entry and came by air, the airline that brought you there has to take you back. Depending on the local law, it might also be fined if you did not have a visa and it failed to check. The airline might try to recover the funds from you later but nobody is paying for a ticket.
If you are refused entry on a land border, nobody will pay for a ticket either, you are just unable to enter the country and left stranded wherever you are. In some cases, when the control does not happen at the border itself but further inland (either on board a train or at a station), I have seen people forced to take a train in the other direction but I don't know what the rules were.
If for some reason you can't return where you came from (say you don't have the right to reenter the country you just left), the only thing left is to deport you somewhere else. Reasonable countries will at least try to deport you to a country from which you are a citizen. In that case, the country that wants to deport you pays for your ticket (and if necessary those of your police escort). Again, it might also impose a fine and try to recover money from you later but I suspect that most countries don't bother as many people who are deported will have very little money to begin with or come from countries where effective means to recover a fine are non-existent.
So in a nutshell, the country that sent you away or the airline that transported you might try to recover some money from you later on but it really does not matter if you have any at the moment you are denied entry. Either the airline will take care of the transport directly or it will be paid by the state removing you.
 - 6
 You'd be surprised where you can get deported to. Decades ago my uncle overstayed a US tourist visa for years then came to visit Canada. The Canadians felt he would overstay here too. He didn't want to go back to the US since they would be alerted, and didn't much want to go to the UK where he was a citizen. It took a few days living in the nasty motel they use as immigration detention (I remember the doors had no latches or knobs) but he got deported to Bermuda in the end. Never came back to Canada or the US. – Kate Gregory Jan 25 '14 at 14:52
 - _USER_ Well, I am not really "surprised", I know much worse (citizens deported by mistake, people deported against their will to a third country with which they have nothing to do, people deported to a third country in the knowledge that the local police would somehow "deal" with them, etc.), that's why I added "reasonable". – Relaxed Jan 25 '14 at 15:50
 - yes, this would be a good surprise. He was able to negotiate with both Canada and Bermuda to end up somewhere he wasn't going to be "taken care of" for overstaying the US visitor visa, and didn't have to deal with whatever he left the UK about. He did go back to the UK eventually, on his own terms. – Kate Gregory Jan 25 '14 at 16:30
 - 1
 Just for the sake of correctness: Being denied entry and being deported from a country are (usually) two completely different issues. The question has nothing to do with deportation and Kate, your uncle was not deported from Canada, at least not if you describe the situation correctly. But even if he was "just" denied entry: If he didn't want to go where he came from (or probably more correctly: he wouldn't be let into the US again after overstaying his previous visa) and he didn't want to go to his home country, is it really a nasty surprise that he was sent somewhere else? – Tor-Einar Jarnbjo Jan 26 '14 at 0:42
 - 3
 A friend of mine (US citizen) got denied entry in London, coming via air from Morocco. They simply told him, he has got 24 hours to book a flight to where ever he wants, otherwise they will send him back to where he came from (Morocco) at his cost. Not sure how they would have enforced this though. – Phil Jan 27 '14 at 11:52


text:
Why is my D5/D5s/D5s Pro robot not connecting to WIFI?
1) Make sure you are using the correct password for your 2.4GHz network. Verify that the password was entered properly, with no typos.
Modern routers typically use two frequency bands, 2.4GHz and 5GHz. Ultenic robots can only connect to 2.4GHz networks. They do NOT work with 5GHz networks.
How to find out if your router is dual-band:
Look up the model on the manufacturer's website.
Check the SSID name. If 2 networks are being broadcast from the router, it is most likely a dualband router.
If there are duplicate SSIDs, confirm that the MAC address associated with the SSID corresponds to the Wi-Fi Access Point. The instructions for finding the MAC address will be in the Administration section of the Wi-Fi Access Point user manual.
An issue known as band steering occurs when both the 2.4GHz and 5GHz networks have the same SSID. This can cause connectivity issues when setting up connected devices.
We recommended giving the networks separate names to prevent band steering problems.
2) Firewall settings may block certain ports. Check your home connection technology such as router settings. T
he following ports should be open or whitelisted:
- 80 (http) • 443 (https)• 53, 55055 and 55056
Please check the user manual for your router to verify the instructions on configuring firewalls.
3) Router placement makes a big impact on robot connectivity. Try placing the router centrally, so coverage is uniform throughout the house.


text:
First of all, you must save your PowerPoint Document on a Sharepoint Server. Then:
Co-author a presentation
- In PowerPoint 2010, open the presentation that is stored on the server.
Note When one or more other authors does the same, a notification appears in the status bar at the bottom of PowerPoint, together with the total number of co-authors currently working on the presentation. To see the names of the co-authors, click the number in the status bar.
- On the View tab, in the Presentation Views group, click Normal to view your presentation in Normal view.
- In the left pane that contains the Outline and Slides tabs, on the Slides tab, a small icon appears on the lower-right corner of the slide thumbnail that indicates that a co-author is making changes to that slide. Click the icon to see the name of the co-author.
- Another way to see the names of the co-authors of the presentation is to click the File tab, and then click Info on the left side of the screen. The names of the co-authors appear in the middle pane.
- To send an e-mail message or instant message to your co-authors, click Send a Message, and then click Send an E-mail Message or Send an Instant Message.
- When another author saves their changes, PowerPoint notifies you, the original author of the presentation, that changes have been made. On the pane that contains the Outline and Slides tabs, on the Slides tab, an icon appears in the lower-right corner of the slide thumbnail that was changed.
- To see whether other authors have changed your presentation, click the File tab and then click Info. Then, next to Document Updates Available, click Save, and then click Save and Review.
- Then, to see the changes that other authors made, click Review Changes.
- When you click Review Changes, PowerPoint opens a new tab, which is named the Merge tab, on the ribbon and a Revisions pane on the right side of the PowerPoint window. The Revisions pane contains a Slides tab that lists the slides that other authors changed, and a Details tab that lists the changes to the currently displayed slide.
On the Merge tab, you can use the buttons in the Resolutions group to show next and previous changes made by other authors, and accept or reject those changes. To exit Merge view, click Close Merge View.
Note While in Merge view, you cannot merge in new updates from other authors or upload changes to the server. You must complete your review by clicking Close Merge View, which then automatically uploads your changes to the server.
If you always want to review (and then accept or reject) changes that other authors make to all PowerPoint 2010 presentations that you work on, instead of having changes merged with your presentations without notification, do the following:
- Click Options on the left side of the screen, and then in the PowerPoint Options dialog box, click Save.
- Under File merge options for shared document collaboration server files, select the Show detailed merge changes when a merge occurs check box.


can tell, there is no given formula. I merely read the graph to come up with my numbers. $\endgroup$ – Dave Coffman Sep 7 '17 at 20:14
This is another chance to use one of my favorite approximations ever! I first offered it as an answer to a question about how deep a platform diver will go into the water. Now is the chance to use it again!
Issac Newton developed an expression for the ballistic impact depth of a body into a material. The original idea was expressed for materials of approximately equal densities when the ballistic body is moving fast enough for the target material to behave as a fluid (think cannon ball into dirt, meteorite into lunar regolith, etc). For a human body into snow, we can assume it will behave in a granular enough fashion.
The human body has a density of roughly $985 kg/m^3$. Using the two limits for the density of snow provided in another answer to this question, snow has a density between $300$ and $900 kg/m^3$. Let's assume the characters are 5 feet tall (you can easily change the number used, it's not a complicated formula). This gives us two limiting expressions:
$$d = 5 \times 985/300 = 16.4~\text{feet}$$
$$d = 5 \times 985/900 = 5.5~\text{feet}$$
So it really would depend on the actual density of the snow, but if you assume that it starts out around $300 kg/m^3$ and can reach a maximum of $900 kg/m^3$, we can assume that the final depth will be close to the same as assuming the average value as $600 kg/m^3$ which would give:
$$d = 5 \times 985/600 = 8~\text{feet}$$
That will give you a pretty good idea of the penetration depths over that range of densities. These numbers are all pretty close to what is given assuming the ideal deceleration given by this answer.
If you want to do a much more complicated analysis of penetration depth, check out the other, more detailed answer to the platform diver question. There it is actually shown that the penetration depth approaches this Newtonian approximation pretty well! It is also interesting to note that the penetration depth does not depend on the impact velocity/original height. Assuming one is going "fast enough" for the material to behave like a fluid, the expression seems to hold.
 - 2
 $\begingroup$ "the girls are 5 feet tall" - Anna is female, Kristoff is male, and listed as "tall": disney.wikia.com/wiki/Kristoff $\endgroup$ – mskfisher Feb 26 '15 at 12:01
 - $\begingroup$ _USER_ Yeah... Like I said, never saw it and my ignorance is showing... $\endgroup$ – tpg2114 Feb 26 '15 at 17:02
Nice theoretical answers (I can certainly appreciate them, I'm a mathematician). But why delve into theory when experiment is available? In this video you can see a skier jump from more than 200 feet and get head first into the snow, without a helmet.
The video starts with the aftermath, if you want to see the jump right away fast forward to about 1 minute into it.
 - $\begingroup$ Spoiler: the linked clip title indicates this was a planned world-record attempt. He goes in head-first and is buried far enough that only his skis are showing. The voiceover from the paramedic (who was standing by) is that he split his lip but is otherwise fine. The clip ends with the skier slaloming off down the rest of the hill. $\endgroup$ – brichins Sep 5 '17 at 21:59
About 50 years ago in Reader's Digest there was an article about a Soviet airplane pilot who bailed out at high altitude. He fell into a snow-filled ravine and survived. If the angle of the snow is high enough it is no big deal. At Squaw Valley I have seen skiers do drops that might have been 100 feet. If the landing is steep enough it is OK. It is "flat landings" that will get you.
Rock climber Lynn Hill fell 100 feet onto a dirt slope. She not only survived, she recovered completely.
Stunt men do quite high jumps onto airbags. 100 feet onto 20 feet of snow seems possible, but I wouldn't try it if I had any alternative.


text:
U.S. Department of Energy - Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Fuel Cell Technologies Office – Safety, Codes & Standards
Current Approaches to Safety, Codes and Standards
Current approaches to hydrogen and fuel cells safety, codes and standards are based on existing practices, guidelines, and codes and standards developed as a result of hydrogen's use in the chemical and aerospace industries.
While some codes and standards for hydrogen and hydrogen-related systems are already available, in many cases they do not fully address the new issues that arise when considering the needs of a future clean energy economy. DOE is coordinating the efforts of codes and standards organizations to identify and address the gaps, clarify and consolidate regulations, validate outdated test results, and ultimately develop new, more appropriate codes and standards that will ensure the safe use of hydrogen in the future.
Learn more about:


text:
Puppet has launched Puppet Remediate — its first vulnerability remediation product. The product aims to reduce the time from vulnerability detection to remediation by unifying infrastructure and vulnerability data, quickly identifying which infrastructure resources are being impacted and taking immediate action to remediate vulnerabilities.
Key features of Puppet Remediate include the following:
- Shared vulnerability data between security and IT ops: The platform unifies infrastructure data with vulnerability data from Tenable, Qualys and Rapid7. This prioritizes vulnerabilities while enabling IT ops to access vulnerability data in real time to reduce delays.
- Risk-based prioritization: Puppet Remediate includes a dashboard that lists the most critical vulnerabilities to show IT ops which assets have vulnerabilities and which should be fixed first.
- Agentless remediation: The product includes four prebuilt tasks, including the ability to update packages. Additionally, it can load modules from Puppet Forge, where IT operators, security analysts and developers share ready-to-automate solutions as Bolt tasks. These capabilities enable IT ops to take action to remediate a vulnerability without leaving the application or having to use a command-line interface or write scripts and without requiring any agent technology.
Additionally, according to Puppet, its channel partners help provide an established infrastructure and information security practice.
Security continues to be an important area of improvement for organizations. As more devices are connected through IoT, more vulnerabilities are exposed to those with malicious intent. In July, SafeBreach launched its newest version of the GRID platform in an effort to help security teams prioritize and manage security gaps.
Risk-based prioritization has been identified as a cost-effective way to reach security goals, as it identifies the most critical and immediate risks to an organization and then treats them. This enables organizations to use their security budgets in an effective way while still providing critical security.
Dig Deeper on Network threat detection


Message Translator
Camel supports the Message Translator from the EIP patterns by using an arbitrary Processor in the routing logic, by using a bean to perform the transformation, or by using transform() in the DSL. You can also use a Data Format to marshal and unmarshal messages in different encodings.
You can transform a message using Camel's Bean Integration to call any method on a bean in your Registry such as your Spring XML configuration file as follows
 .bean("myTransformerBean", "myMethodName")
Where the "myTransformerBean" would be defined in a Spring XML file or defined in JNDI etc. You can omit the method name parameter from beanRef() and the Bean Integration will try to deduce the method to invoke from the message exchange.
or you can add your own explicit Processor to do the transformation
or you can use the DSL to explicitly configure the transformation
You can also use Spring XML Extensions to do a transformation. Basically any Expression language can be substituted inside the transform element as shown below
Or you can use the Bean Integration to invoke a bean

You can also use Templating to consume a message from one destination, transform it with something like Velocity or XQuery and then send it on to another destination. For example using InOnly (one way messaging)
If you want to use InOut (request-reply) semantics to process requests on the My.Queue queue on ActiveMQ with a template generated response, then sending responses back to the JMSReplyTo Destination you could use this.


I'm working on High Line, a bulky weight wool lace shawl. Lace is always an interesting proposition when you have to join a new skein of yarn, but when you're working with a bulky weight wool, there's simply no way of disguising it. Enter spit splicing, a join method that works with any yarn that is at least 75% wool fiber. Since this join depends on wool's ability to felt, you also can't use a superwash wool, where the fiber has been coated so it won't felt while you're washing it. (See what they did there?) Again, this is for wool. Cottons, linens, and acrylics need not apply.
 Step 1. For each yarn end (old skein and new skein), carefully unwind about 4″, and separate fibers into two relatively equal parts. If you're working with a plied yarn, untwist them and divide evenly. Odd number of pies? Then separate the odd ply like the picture shows. Trust me; this is totally worth it.
 Step 2. Now carefully take your separated yarn ends (top) and tease the yarn apart further so that you can see space between the actual fibers. The more spread out your fibers are, the easier it will felt and, as a result, the stronger your join will be.
 Step 3. Next, carefully tear one section of the fibers away on each end. While you can cut them, tearing the fibers creates a more natural, and less noticeable, join. Fibers that are cut to the same length can show an edge or bump to the finished join. Remember, this is more obvious with big bulky yarns, and I'm working a lace pattern. If it's fingering or DK? Those snap pretty easy too, once you have separated the strands. As with everything, your mileage may vary.
 Step 4. Lay your two ends together so they overlap the 4″ you've removed. Ready? Spit on it. No, I'm not kidding, and yes, I really do want you to get the section wet. Which means spitting on it several times. (See? Knitting isn't a prissy sport.) Roll the fibers together between your flat palms to cause the fibers to lock onto each other and draw them together. (What you're doing here is actually wet felting, using the wetness from the spit and the friction created by rubbing your hands together. SCIENCE!!) Your fibers should go from looking like two separate pieces (top) to a single strand of fiber (bottom).
 Step 5. The end result: your next skein is invisibly joined to the old skein, and this join will simply disappear into your project. Seriously — can you even see where the two ends have become one? I can't. This is pure knitting magic. MAGIC, I tell you!!


Set the background color of a Power BI Embedded IFrame
Date de publication : 01 juin, 2018
When the IFrame size that's allocated for an embedded object and the embedded object itself don't share the same aspect ratio, the result is gray margins on the sides (marked in red in the following figure).
Grey Shoulders
You can use the Custom Layout API to define how to fill the IFrame or set a fixed size for the object at any time. But that sometimes doesn't entirely fix the appearance of the gray margins.
You can now set the background color of the IFrame by making it transparent. By doing so, you'll give the IFrame the defined color of the DIV element that contains the IFrame. You have full control of what color/background layout will be seen in the margins, making the embedded object wrapped entirely by the application design.
Note that the default color is still gray, so you'll need to set a definition in the JavaScript code to get the transparency of the IFrame.
 - Power BI Embedded
 - Features
Produits apparentés


text:
Word problem on Percentage
In a room with 35 men, 80 percent of the occupants are women. How many women are in the room?
Answer STEP 1:
The percentage of women present in the room is given as 80. So, in a room with only women and men, the percentage of men present will be 100 – 80 = 20.STEP 2:
Since we are given the number of men in the room, we find that it is easy find the number of women, if we know the total number of occupants in the room. Let's assign any variable say x
for the total number of people. Now, let us determine x
Percentage of men × total occupants = Number of menSTEP 3:
The total number of occupants in the room is 175, and the number of men is 35. Subtract 35 from 175 to get the number of women in the room.


Guidance on the meaning and impact of Pensions Legislation changes
Aries adds value by providing concise, technically accurate and easily accessible guidance for pensions providers, administrators and advisers.
Beyond the base-level information, Aries provides insight into the meaning and impact of pensions regulation. Difficult legislative provisions are properly expounded and set in context, so that you can grasp their significance and effectively interpret them for your company's pension operation.
No other provider delivers the breadth and depth of the Aries offer. Here is a practical example, your need-to-know guide on
Recent Determinations from the Pensions Ombudsman


- Join over 1.2 million students every month
 - Accelerate your learning by 29%
 - Unlimited access from just £6.99 per month
How does the weight of a pendulum effect its oscillation time.
Extracts from this document...
Liam Kelly
How does the weight of a pendulum effect its oscillation time
The key factors that could affect this experiment are that the length of pendulum varying will change how far it has to swing to complete an oscillation.
The weight of the pendulum will have a effect on the oscillation time because the pendulum will have more weights which will increase the surface area for air resistance to take place this is the only possible way the weight of the pendulum will affect the oscillation time because, gravity is a standard force, so the weight will not effect the amount of gravity taking place.
The angle at which it is dropped at is another key factor because, if it is dropped from higher up it has longer to pick up speed so therefore it shall travel higher up giving it a longer oscillation time. If the pendulum is dropped from a lower then it shall have less time to pick up speed and so will not travel as high up on the other side.
...read more.
Weight Of Pendulum
Average length of time
...read more.
We could have improved our test by having a beam and when it is broke by the pendulum the fifth time the pendulum breaks the beam it could stop timing so it would be the same reaction time for all, we could have had a stand or something to hold the pendulum in place before it is dropped that way we could be sure it was from the same spot each time.
In our experiment there was some slightly out of place results in our experiment but they're no severe ones that could be anomalous results.
 We could have investigated a further 1000g so we went to 2000g to see if after every 500g there was a jump in time of nearly a second our so, like there was in our experiment. We could also continue to the point of were we have added so much weight that it could not complete 5 oscillations to the same height as it started. We could also have tried the experiment at different temperatures to see what effect, if any it had on the oscillation times.
...read more.
Found what you're looking for?
 - Start learning 29% faster today
 - 150,000+ documents available
 - Just £6.99 a month
Not the one? Search for your essay title...
 - Join over 1.2 million students every month
 - Accelerate your learning by 29%
 - Unlimited access from just £6.99 per month
See related essaysSee related essays
Related GCSE Forces and Motion essays
 1. Investigation into the range of a ski jump
 it would seem more sensible to incorporate a formula to account for it. Or alternatively use a denser ball, which is less affected by air resistance. The straightness of the ramp can affect the experiment in two ways. If the ramp is not straight the ball will bounce from side
 2. Damped Oscillation.
 This is a second order differential equation. Following is the steps I have taken to solve this second order differential equation. Aux. equation Case 1: General solution It can be written as It is an overdamping. Case 2: General solution It is a critical damping.
 Apparatus ~ 1 liter Beaker ~ Sphere ~ Ruler ~ Thermometer ~ Electric heater ~ Weighing machine ~ Vernier calliper Method 1) Measure the mass of the beaker without syrup 2) 5 cm above from the surface of the beaker mark a line 3)
 2. Investigation into the effect of temperature on viscosity
 Thermal energy loss may occur as when heated the honey immediately begins losing heat to its surroundings (and gaining heat, when cold, to return to room temperature) Effects like this must be taken into account, so that as the temperature at which the recording is made, is as near as possible to the temperature stated.
 1. Period of Oscillation of a Simple Pendulum
 Below is a diagram, which shows how potential energy (p.e) and kinetic energy (k.e) are continually interchanged in a pendulum. The diagram shows how at the point of release, the energy of the bob is all p.e. Then as it passes through the central position, it is all k.e.
 2. The Pendulum
 do the experiment, we will only change one variable at a time and keep everything else the same i.e. the angle at 90 degrees from the floor, the weight ball of weight of 40g etc...The only variable we will change is the length of the string.
 - Over 160,000 pieces
 of student written work
 - Annotated by
 experienced teachers
 - Ideas and feedback to
 improve your own work


Take the 2-minute tour ×
If they say that $f_i$ is the central difference discrete of $f(t,x)$ in the point $(t_n,x_i)$.
What do they mean by this?
share|improve this question
add comment
1 Answer
up vote 0 down vote accepted
Typically a central difference means you compute $f(x_{i+1}) - f(x_{i-1})$ and often you may divide by $\frac{1}{2 \Delta t}$ or something similar. The key thing is that a difference is computed where $f(x_i)$ is in the centre of the two things which we're subtracting.
See _URL_ for more information
In your case where you have a function of two variables, you may take $4$ points to average over. There are equivalent notions for higher order functions.
share|improve this answer
add comment
Your Answer


If you want your finish to enrich the colors of that bland mahogany, try this recipe. To understand how to finish mahogany, one must know its history. In this article, professional finisher Jeff Jewitt explains why mahogany stock used to look so much better than it does now, and then offers tips on how to improve the appearance of today's wood. Start by filling wormholes, sand it, lay on some water-soluble dye, seal with tinted oil, and then build up the finish with thin coats. Jewitt also includes handy finishing tips, such as using Scotch Brite pads for sanding.
From Fine Woodworking #164


text:
Mahad Name Meaning
|"One who is great" or "One who is praised"
Mahad is a name that carries significant cultural and historical weight. It is not merely a collection of syllables; rather, it holds profound meaning across various contexts. From its roots in different religious traditions to its usage in contemporary society, Mahad embodies a rich tapestry of symbolism and significance.
The name Mahad originates from Arabic and Urdu, derived from the root word "Mahid," which means "one who is great" or "one who is praised." In its essence, Mahad encapsulates the idea of greatness, importance, and reverence.
In Islamic tradition, Mahad holds particular importance as it signifies the greatness and praise of Allah. It is often used as a name for boys, reflecting the parents' aspiration for their child to embody noble qualities and virtues.
One of the notable figures bearing the name Mahad is Mahad Abdiaziz Abdirahman, a Somali politician who served as the Minister of Education, Culture, and Higher Education of Somalia. His dedication to education and public service exemplifies the values associated with the name Mahad.
Throughout history, individuals named Mahad have left their mark in various fields, from literature and academia to politics and religion. Their contributions have shaped societies and inspired generations, further cementing the name's significance.
While specific data on the population of individuals named Mahad is not readily available, it is evident that the name maintains a presence in communities worldwide, particularly in regions with significant Muslim populations.
For those who believe in astrology, individuals named Mahad may fall under different zodiac signs depending on their date of birth. Each sign carries its own characteristics and traits that may complement or contrast with the inherent qualities of the name Mahad.
|March 21 – April 19
|April 20 – May 20
|May 21 – June 20
|June 21 – July 22
|July 23 – August 22
|August 23 – September 22
|September 23 – October 22
|October 23 – November 21
|November 22 – December 21
|December 22 – January 19
|January 20 – February 18
|February 19 – March 20
The lucky stone associated with the name Mahad is the Sapphire. This precious gemstone is believed to bring wisdom, prosperity, and spiritual enlightenment to those who possess it.
The lucky metal for Mahad is Silver. Symbolizing purity and strength, silver is associated with qualities that resonate with the essence of the name Mahad.
Friday is considered the lucky day for individuals named Mahad. It is a day associated with blessings, abundance, and opportunities, aligning with the auspicious nature of the name.
The lucky number for Mahad is 7. This number symbolizes spiritual growth, intuition, and divine guidance, reflecting the journey towards greatness and enlightenment.
Green is the lucky color for Mahad. Representing harmony, renewal, and prosperity, green embodies the positive energies associated with the name and augments its auspicious nature.
In conclusion, the name Mahad transcends mere linguistic significance to become a symbol of greatness, reverence, and divine blessings. Whether rooted in religious beliefs, cultural heritage, or personal aspirations, Mahad resonates with individuals across diverse backgrounds, guiding them on a path towards fulfillment and success. Its timeless appeal and profound meaning continue to inspire and uplift generations, cementing its place as a name of enduring significance.


text:
Viewing 19th Century Courts Category (2) found:
The author of this paper was Loren Warren Collins, who served as associate justice of the Minnesota Supreme Court from 1887 to 1904. He died before he could finish it. It was to be a longer, written version of a speech he gave in 1911 to the Hennepin County Bar Association on the history of the bench and bar in Minnesota. His son, Louis L. Collins, gave a draft of the paper containing his father's handwritten additions and corrections to the Minnesota Historical Society on January 9, 1913.
This article is an important resource because it lists the names and years of service of all men who served on the supreme court from statehood to the early twentieth century, the clerks and reporters of the supreme court, and the judges of the nineteen judicial districts. It appeared as a chapter in a multi-volume history of Minnesota which was edited by Lucius F. Hubbard and Rerturn I. Holcombe, and published in 1908.


UX Recorder: Screen capturing software for iOS. Learn more.
Glossary » locus of attention
locus of attention
or focus of attention; the single source or location of sensory input that a person attends to at a given time, such as the point in space that they're looking at and able to devote mental resources to interpreting. In some cases, expertise can reduce the need for attentional resources, leading to the effect of being able to attend to multiple sources.


Roche Abbey
To see Roche Abbey in Superzoom click the link below
Unusual in that the site was gifted to the Cistercian order by two benefactors, Roche was one of the first abbey churches to be built completely in the new Perpendicular Gothic style, and was said to be astonishingly beautiful.
Founded in 1147 building in stone probably began around 30 years later from the adjacent magnesium limestone which was of very fine quality. Indeed Roche stone was so highly prized it was used in the construction of Winsdsor Casle.
Situated over Maltby Beck between the former great forests of Sherwood and Barnsdale the monastry was close to the castles of Tickhill and Conisbrough in what is now South Yorkshire. There is a legend that Robin Hood came to Roche for mass, and indeed the abbey is central to the area recorded in the very early ballards.
The house was originally colonised by monks from Newminster Abbey in Northumberland, which itself was the daughter house of Fountains Abbey, near Ripon, so Roche was itself affiliated to Fountains. The abbey never developed extensive holdings but still played a role in important national affairs.
Surrendered in 1538 during the Dissolution of the Monasteries it was pilaged and ransacked by the local population before it could be dismantled by the King's commissionaries.


Paso Robles, Santa Maria libraries keep their communities connected to academic, online, and local resources during the pandemic
By and
Two libraries in two distinct areas on the Central Coast have stepped up to carry on being a direct resource for all ages during a time when most facilities have had to limit or halt their services during this pandemic.
The doors of the Paso Robles City Library were temporarily closed for several months, but it never stopped providing services to the community, especially online access to digital material and ensuring students had library cards, according to librarian Angelica Fortin.
LIBRARY CONNECTIONS The Paso Robles and Santa Maria City Libraries have only heightened their resourceful natures by adapting to the pandemic and offering virtual services to their respected communities. - PHOTO COURTESY OF BRUCE COOK
 - Photo Courtesy Of Bruce Cook
Since March, the library has had more than 30,000 visitors; 135,0000 items have circulated, and of that total 43,000 were via virtual use; and (when the library was opened) its two public computers were used 10,400 times for 20 minutes at a time. It's been able to provide 370 virtual programs with a total of more than 6,700 attendees. The city library has also given away more than 3,000 grab-and-go craft kits for children and adults.
One of the immediate actions the library took during the first stay-at-home order in March was to offer reference services via telephone. Patrons could access e-books, e-magazines, and homework resources virtually by using their library cards.
"We worked really hard to try and get library cards to all of the [ninth, 10th, and 11th] graders at the Paso Robles Unified School District," Fortin said.
The partnership was made possible by Melissa Bailey, the Paso City children's librarian; school district librarian Stephanie Lowe; and educational technology TOSA Ronalee Andersen, who collaborated on a memorandum of understanding to safely and efficiently provide the students with a card, said Jennifer Gaviola, deputy superintendent of Paso Unified.
Even before the pandemic, this partnership had been in the works. The team, she said, determined how the district could securely provide the city library with student district ID numbers, which would then be students' city library number.
Bailey and the city library staff printed library cards for all students who did not already have one. They placed the students' new library cards as well as flyers detailing how to access digital resources in envelopes with the students' names.
Gaviola said the plan was to distribute the cards during the students' tutorial class, but due to the pandemic it didn't happen.
"In August when students came to pick up textbooks and Chromebooks, Paso Robles High School library staff handed out envelopes to students and explained that they now had access to books, audiobooks, and even movies through the public library," she said. "The city library made the processes extremely easy for the school district, and we are thrilled that so many more students now have access to more resources to support their education and recreational reading."
The program made more than 1,800 library cards available to students.
Another successful program the library facilitated was access to internet hotspots.
"There are people in our community that still don't have access to the internet at home, and it's for a variety of reasons. At the end of April we extended our Wi-Fi network not only here at the library, but at our study center over on [36th and Oak Streets] on the north end of town," Fortin said.
Since March the city library had a total 4,475 connections to its Wi-Fi network, an average of about 500 connections a month.
Library volunteer Tammy Bourne, who's lent her time to the facility for six years, pulls book holds for the curbside and pickup service. She said it's been amazing to see the library staff work so hard to evolve and respond to new safety requirements in an effort to serve the Paso Robles community without missing a step.
"The saddest thing about this new environment is not seeing people really enjoy the library. But I know the public is using the library because I get the list of books that people have put on hold and they want us to pull for them. So I can tell you right there, the public is definitely still using the library for books," Bourne said.
In Northern Santa Barbary County, the city of Santa Maria Main Library's aisles were also barren of visitors, and its physical closure threatened its funding.
When cuts to the library were initially proposed, the community quickly sprung into action to oppose such a measure, and City Council members found a way to move some money around and make it work.
"COVID-19 had really highlighted the inequities that exist, especially with education," City Councilmember Gloria Soto told New Times. "Library services, whether that be on a virtual platform or through their bookmobile or curbside pickup, being able to keep our community members and our young people engaged, have never been more important."
Prior to the pandemic, "our public here in Santa Maria did enjoy using our physical space for a variety of reasons," said Santa Maria Librarian Dawn Jackson. "However, under our current restrictions... people have come to realize that libraries can adapt, and can do so much more than what patrons, or perhaps even librarians, thought that we could do."
For the Santa Maria Main Library, this looked like shifting programming to "a combination of virtual and take-home format."
The library also brings books, Wi-Fi, and laptops for checkout directly to residents through its bookmobile, which was unveiled earlier this year.
"That is going to eight locations around the city with regular stops," Jackson said. "They have a grab-and-go service, and they've been able to reach patrons that haven't been able, even prior to the pandemic, to visit the library."
Ana Libbon, administrator of programs and services for Boys & Girls Clubs of Mid Central Coast, told New Times that the library's bookmobile has made a big difference for the kids they serve.
"Every Wednesday from 3:30 to about 5:30, they park in our parking lot and kids are allowed to go through their bookmobile and check out books," Libbon said of the organization's Santa Maria location. "They help them all obtain library cards and answer their questions.... They've been absolutely amazing."
The success is evident in the numbers: Jackson said the library has had 1,278 views of its programs on YouTube since March, and circulation went up 20 percent over the past two months with its grab-and-go services.
The perception of libraries is changing, Paso Robles' librarian Fortin said, noting that in the past people viewed the library as "shushing environments."
"We do have a lot of rules, I get that, but a lot of that is just organization and making sure that we have the resources people need; that they come back to that somebody else can use them," she said. "It really comes from wanting to provide access." Δ
Staff Writers Karen Garcia and Malea Martin can be reached at and, respectively.
Add a comment


10 Reasons Why An Internship In China Is Good For You
People may not understand it still but internships are crucial role in the laboring or working world. You can observe that what features of business specifically takes your imagination before you perform to a full time job, by doing an internship. Internships are better for the student of the college.
There is much advantage of doing such an internship in China. You not only get the work or job experience, but also the experience of living and working in a foreign culture of countries like China. You can get a large amount of knowledge and information by doing internship in a country like China.
internship in china
Below are 10 reasons why Internship in China is good for you.
 1. 1. Internships in China are ready at any time
You can get the internship in China at any time throughout the year which is suitable for you. It is feasible for an individual to attain an important experience also when he or she is restricted by money, time or other duties.
 1. 2. Learn convenient skills to help in future career
Nowadays, companies want individuals who can use their earlier work experiences or practice and implement them to the existing job. The regular day working in China will challenge you with problem solving, cultural clashes, and time management and communication challenges. All these skills are valuable in modern and fresh work place.
 1. 3. Expand your global network
The famous maxim about global network is that your network is your net worth. It is an extreme part of culture in China and not important which company you wind up in.
 1. 4. Improve your language skills
On your CV, language always shines. And also language of China is one of those languages that make your CV better. It is advantageous for you if you are a Westerner. You can easily get a great job there.
 1. 5. Get in with the Internship
By getting the internship with a reputable company of China, it is very much easier to gain a career in Multinational Companies.
 1. 6. Enhance your global understanding
You will be able to observe the world and work from diverse viewpoint from an internship in China. You can also learn various new things and technologies by internship in China as this is a country of latest technology.
 1. 7. Gain lifelong friends
You will meet some excellent people during your time in China. You will make lifelong friendships and share adventures with them.
 1. 8. Have an experience of a lifetime
China is the land of various cultures and custom. The land of the China is very vast. You can watch something exciting, new and fresh everyday in China that provide you great and memorable experience in life.
 1. 9. Companies look for great talent
Great companies in China pay stipends and other companies provide excellent manual work experience, all of these things attract the appropriate talent. Every company wants the best employees for their company and internship in China is the good process to find talent.
 1. 10. Internship assist companies test new ideas
Companies prefer to test latest ideas and methods on interns. Employers utilize the program of internship to study program in an effective manner. Companies in China can attain useful feedback and insights on many processes at low prices by using interns.
Pin It
Comments are closed.


Article News Two
The project is funded by the World Bank through the Municipal Developing and Lending Fund. It included selecting a new site for sanitary landfill that will serve the southern part of the West Bank (Hebron and Bethlehem Governorates). Moreover, it included conducting environmental and social impact assessment, geotechnical investigation in the two potential sites identified and a detailed design of the land fill. The project main output was as follows:
 - 1. Site selection report. Nearly 14 potential sites were investigated and two potential sites were identified and one was finally selected as the best alternative.
 - 2. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment including environmental management plan. Detailed survey on the main environmental issues of concern was analyzed. The likely impact of the proposed site on several aspects of environment such as biodiversity including endangered species (Flora and Fauna), surface and groundwater, landscape, topography, land use, etc. In the mean time the social assessment included assessing the impact of people's livelihood, population displacement, impact of scavengers, etc.
 - 3. Detailed design of the land fill site as well as transfer stations. Designs included landfill cells, related infrastructure, isolation, associated service building, electricity, water, roads, etc.
 - 4. Existing dumpsite closure report. A detailed report was prepared for the closure of the existing dumpsites after the completion of the new sanitary landfill.


text:
Benefits of Depositing Data
One of the major goals of NACJD and its sponsors is
to support the analysis of existing data. The criminal justice field as
a whole benefits when professional researchers test each other's conclusions - verifying, refining or
refuting original findings. This is one reason why the
National Institute of Justice (NIJ) and the Office
of Juvenile Justice and
Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) require that their grantees deposit data sponsored by these agencies
Sharing of data also fosters the development and testing of new conclusions, as data collected for one
purpose can be used to pursue inquiries not addressed by the original investigators. Indeed,
depositing files produced from the analysis of
existing data is also encouraged.
Archiving data affords multiple benefits to the investigator:
- The investigator's study is described on the NACJD website.
- NACJD distributes the data and supporting documentation to interested users, freeing investigators
from using their own time and resources to do so and permitting other researchers to reanalyze the data.
- Once the data are archived and available, the investigator is no longer responsible for maintaining
permanent backups of the data he or she collected.
- The investigator and his or her colleagues can assist each other in future research projects by
sharing the archived data and documentation over a wide variety of computer platforms.
Preparing Research Files for Deposit
NACJD urges researchers to begin their archiving strategy as they begin their research. The National Institute of Justice's
Program provides much useful information about things to consider. ICPSR, NACJD's parent organization, has also prepared valuable
guidelines for data management.
NACJD encourages researchers to deposit computer-readable data with NACJD for long-term preservation
and for use in analysis by other social science researchers. The following information will assist in the
preparation of data for deposit.