text: This study develops a new inverse analysis technique for estimating damage patterns in notched composite laminates using an embedded fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor. The damage pattern near the notch was investigated by using a layer-wise finite-element model with cohesive elements for cracks and delamination. The reflection spectrum of the FBG sensor was simulated from the strain distribution obtained along the gage length. We approximated the typical damage pattern (splits, transverse cracks, and delamination) near the notch using some variables; these were then estimated through mathematical programming by minimizing the differences of spectrum shapes between the inputs (e.g. experiments) and the estimations. This damage identification procedure was applied to numerical examples, i.e. simulation results, for a notched CFRP cross-ply laminate. The damage patterns estimated from the calculated reflection spectra were almost identical to those obtained by the simulation. Finally, we estimated the damage pattern of a notched laminate from a measured reflection spectrum of an embedded FBG sensor and demonstrated the capability of the developed identification procedure for practical applications.


Taglierini or tagliolini are a type of thin tagliatelle that are traditionally made in skeins: in the past they were measured with an overturned mug. A version of taglierini made with egg also exists, as does a longer version called "erba di mare" in some coastal areas.
The use of eggs to make taglierini is now prevalent in Italy, but there is also a tradition of preparing the dough with just wholemeal flour, water and salt. Tagliati pelosi or "tajuli pilusi" made this way are still a speciality of the Marche region today. They are said to be hairy (pelosi in Italian) because of the veil that forms on the surface after cooking due to the lack of eggs.
Ideal with
Taglierini are wonderful both on their own combined with delicate sauces based on fish or vegetables, as well as in soups. In Romagna, taglierini are traditionally baked in the dish known as basotti (or bassotti) seasoned with butter and Parmesan cheese.
Giovanni Fabbri suggests enjoying these taglierini with a sauce with a butter and truffle base.


text:
The work proposed here is based on new developments in the field of grating-based interferometers allowing to obtain a signature of the bone microstructure from their scattering signal. The obtained information is thus fundamentally different from classical medical imaging methods; this method was identified as extremely relevant for the diagnosis of bone diseases implying structural changes like osteoporosis, which is the main target of this study. The brilliance of the BRIX – and later SPECTRE – source will ensure the success of the technique as preliminary experiments at large scale synchrotron facilities could demonstrate.
The development of an osteoporosis diagnosis tool based on grating-based dark-field imaging implies both theoretical and pre-clinical studies. First an appropriate mathematical framework needs to be developed in order to reconstruct the relevant bone structural information from their scattering signal (à la CT). Secondly, pre-clinical studies must be performed in order to develop a quantitative analysis tool for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. In this frame several trials on clinically relevant samples will be performed and the effect of the micro-structural changes between healthy and pathological samples on the dark field signal will be quantitatively and systematically investigated using BRIX.
A systematic comparison with gold standard methods such as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and histology will be performed. A complete simulation tool of the dark field signal formation in bones will also be developed. High-resolution CT measurement of the samples used as input to the simulation tool will enable a direct cross checking of the experimental and simulation results, thus allowing for a refinement of the measurement method.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


What is the best moisture meter practices with your pinless meter?
 - Ensure your meter is calibrated.
 - Account for the wood species being measured.
 - Set the correct depth setting if the meter has adjustable depth capabilities.
 - Take multiple readings across the surface to get a complete assessment of the wood's moisture content.
 - Have at least a one-inch air gap underneath the wood being measured.
 - Only take measurements where the entire sensor plate can lay flat on the wood surface.
 - Press down on the moisture meter with the right amount of pressure.
How to determine the wood specific gravity, if it is not listed in the manual?
 - Select a sample of wood that is approximately 12% moisture content, with all edges being true.
 - Carefully measure the Length, Width and Thickness dimensions of the sample, preferably using a caliper. Convert the Length, Width and Thickness measurements to feet (ft.).
 - Carefully measure the weight of the sample, to the tenth of an ounce. Convert the weight to pounds (lbs.).
 - Using the volume and the weight of the sample, and the weight of a cubic foot of water, calculate the specific gravity.
How does temperature affect the accuracy of the meter readings?
Are there board width limitations in using moisture meters?
For accurate results with a pinless meter, the material you're testing must be at least the width of the scanning area on the bottom of the meter. Otherwise, the meter will not make firm contact with the board and may provide inconsistent, unreliable readings.
How does a moisture meter work?
Enter the terms you wish to search for.


text:
Cecil Ingold was one of the world's leading mycologists (scientists who study fungi)who was best known for his discovery of Ingoldian fungi and for his research into the physical mechanisms of spore dispersal.
Ingoldian fungi are an important and ubiquitous group of aquatic fungi that play a key role in aquatic ecosystems by processing dead vegetation and recycling nutrients.
His long-term botanical studies of aquatic fungi started in 1938. He analysed water samples he collected from a brook near his home in Cropston, Leicestershire. He firmly believed that botanists should collect and work with fresh material, gathered from the field.
He despised the traditional dependence on preserved or pickled specimens. He combined acute powers of observation, whether on forays or peering down a microscope, with…


Do 529 Distributions Count as Income?
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When you follow the rules and guidelines on how to use your 529 plan, money in the account does not count as income on your taxes. You do not report the distributions as income. However, if you accidentally use the funds on ineligible expenses or make a withdrawal, the 529 distribution may be subject to a penalty fee and taxes.
The following are cases in which your distribution may be counted as income.
The Distribution is Spent on Ineligible Expenses
Tuition, books, computers, printers, internet, necessary school equipment, and room and board are considered qualified expenses for the 529 plan. Purchases that are not considered eligible expenses include sports and club memberships, insurance, transportation, and mobile phone fees. For example, let's say that your membership in an intramural sports team is listed among the fees and expenses on your tuition bill. If a portion of your distribution is used to pay for the sports membership, it's an ineligible expense and that amount is considered taxable income.
You Withdraw Money and it is Not Contributed to a Qualifying 529 Plan Within 60 days
If you wish to rollover a 529 account or close your account and open a new plan, you can withdraw the funds and send a check for that amount to the new plan. However, if the money is not deposited into a 529 plan within 60 days, the amount will be regarded as taxable income.
You Exceed Qualified Higher Education Expenses (QHEE)
Perhaps the most innocent way that a distribution would qualify as income is by exceeding your Qualified Higher Education Expenses (QHEE). Each year your college estimates the cost of attendance, which includes tuition and fees and estimates for room and board. Two ways that account holders inadvertently exceed this expense:
 - The 529 plan is used to purchase off-campus housing that exceeds the university's estimate for room and board. 529 plans can be used for off-campus housing, but the cost must not exceed university estimates.
 - Tax-free aid such as grants and scholarships are not deducted from expenses. After calculating expenses based on tuition and fees, room and board, and other qualifying costs, you must deduct the amount of any grants, such as the Federal Pell Grant or scholarships. The remaining amount can be paid with the 529 plan.
In this case, the beneficiary of the 529 plan would receive an IRS Form 1099-Q and would be responsible for paying the taxes on the amount that exceeds the QHEE. In most cases, the beneficiary will have a lower tax bracket than the account holder, so the tax is not substantial.
You Take too Many Credits
In addition to using the 529 plan, you may take the Lifetime Learning Credit or the American Opportunity Tax Credit (AOTC) for qualifying educational expenses. However, taking either credit can lead to a surplus that exceeds your QHEE. If you exceed the qualified expenses, the money withdrawn from the 529 plan may be subject to income tax.
What are the Taxes and Penalties?
Distributions that are not spent on qualifying expenses through one of the scenarios above will be subject to a 10% federal tax penalty and subject to both state and federal income taxes. The tax penalties are waived if the beneficiary receives a scholarship, attends a military academy, is disabled, or dies. In these cases, the distribution is considered taxable income. It's also important to note that income taxes are not levied on the entire distribution, but only the earnings portion. Because 529 contributions are made with after-tax dollars, they cannot be taxed. Therefore the amount of tax due depends on the earnings on the account.
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I want to know what were the names of the bows of the warriors of the Mahabharata, their abilities and how they got them
The partial list of names of bows that was mentioned in Mahabharata are :
Krishna : Saranga
Arjuna : Gandiva
Rukmi : Vijaya
Siva : Pinaka
Yudhishthira : Mahendra
Bhimasena : Vayavya
Nakula : Vaishnava
Sahadeva : Aswina
Ghatotkacha : Paulastya
Prativindhya, Sutasoma, Srutakarman, Satanika, and Srutasena : the Raudra, the Agneya, the Kauverya, the Yamya, and the Girisa.
For detailed explanation, see the following passages from Mahabharata.
From Udyoga Parva of Mahabharata, we have the following excerpt
From of Sabha ParvaMahabharata, we have the following excerpt
From of Drona Parva of Mahabharata, we have the following excerpt
In Yudhishthira's hands was the celestial bow called Mahendra; and in the hands of Bhimasena, O king, was the celestial bow called Vayavya. For the protection of the three worlds Brahman created a bow. That celestial and indestructible bow was held by Phalguni. The Vaishnava bow was held by Nakula, and the bow called Aswina was held by Sahadeva. That celestial and terrible bow called the Paulastya, was held by Ghatotkacha. The five jewels of bows born by the five sons of Draupadi were the Raudra, the Agneya, the Kauverya, the Yamya, and the Girisa. That excellent and best of bows, called the Raudra, which Rohini's son (Valadeva) had obtained, the latter gave unto the high-souled son of Subhadra, having been gratified with him.
 - 3
 I appreciate the efforts taken by you for collecting separate names. +1. – Vineet Nov 13 '18 at 3:16
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged.


text:
The National History Bee is a buzzer-based history quiz competition for individual students. Please see below for a comprehensive account of how the Bee works. If you have any further questions, please email our International Director, Mrs. Nolwenn Léon Madden
In order to compete in the History Bee, you must be 18 years or younger at the time of your Regional Bee. If you turn 19 before the National Championships, that's okay. You must also be enrolled in a high school or younger school or a comparable secondary school that corresponds to an American high school in terms of the age range served (i.e. no schools that are comparable to universities).
In order to compete in the Junior Varsity Division of the History Bee, you must be 16 years or younger at the time of the Regional Bee. If you are in an American high school, or an institution that follows a comparable age division, you cannot be in the upper two years (i.e. above tenth grade) even if you are 16 or younger. If in doubt, ask the Tournament Coordinator or Tournament Director for your tournament, or better yet, contact the Tournament Coordinator in advance.
There is no younger age limit – a brilliant and well-behaved 8 year-old is welcome to compete. Likewise, there is no limit on types of schools – local, international, public, private, religious, American schools abroad, etc. are all welcome. Students from the 50 US states may compete if they have not competed yet this year, but then forfeit their eligibility for any other tournaments in the USA.
Students are only allowed to compete at one Regional Bee in Asia this year.
At all History Bees, there are three preliminary rounds of 30 questions each. In each round, you'll be in a room with 5-10 students. Usually, it's 6 or 7. Depending on how many students are competing (see below under "Final Round Structure" for a full explanation) the 2, 5, or 10 highest scorers from the preliminary rounds in both the Varsity division and the Junior Varsity division, then compete in the final rounds. The Junior Varsity and Varsity divisions are kept entirely separate – there is no crossover, including in the final rounds. Each round takes about 20-30 minutes to complete, including the finals.
In a History Bee round, we feature thirty tossup questions. Students each have a buzzer and attempt to be the first student to ring in and answer correctly. Students may ring in at any point in the question – they are encouraged to interrupt the moderator to do so. After they ring in, they give their answer. If they are correct, they get a point. If incorrect, they cannot buzz again on the question. Three incorrect answers given will end the question, at which point the moderator reveals the answer. They do not normally lose a point if they are incorrect except if they are the third student to answer incorrectly before the end of the question, in which case, they do lose a point (so it is possible, conceivably to have a negative score). If the question has been read to completion, three incorrect answers will still end the question, but no penalty will be assessed.
Once a student has reached 8 points, that student is done for that round. But, students receive bonus points based on how early they reach 8 points. The following table summarizes the bonus structure:
Reaching 8 pts on or before question… Results in this many bonus pts… And thus this many total pts…
Twelve Five Thirteen
Fifteen Four Twelve
Twenty Three Eleven
Twenty-Five Two Ten
Thirty One Nine
Since there are 30 questions in a round, it is thus impossible to finish the round with a score of eight points exactly.
Students are grouped into different groups for each of the three rounds. For the 2012-2013 school year, questions can reference all eras and places in history throughout each round. After all three rounds, the scores from all rounds are added up, and the top students advance to the finals.
Final Round Structure
In the final round, the top two, five or ten students in both the Varsity and Junior Varsity Divisions all compete at once. If starting with ten, they seek to then be among the first five students to reach three points. Then, the scores reset to zero, and the five remaining students seek to be among the first two students to reach four points. Finally, the scores reset to zero again, and the remaining two students seek to be the first to reach five points. Whether we take two, five, or ten students into the finals will be announced at the start of the Bee – it depends on how many teams attend, and how many students compete in each division. A field needs at least 12 students to take the top five into the final, and a field needs at least 25 students to take the top 10 into the final. If both the Varsity and Junior Varsity Divisions have over 25 competing students, we will take ten from the Varsity division and five from the Junior Varsity.
In the History Bowl, there are a number of different question styles. In the Bee, by contrast, all questions are "pyramidal" tossups, where we start with more obscure information and move to more familiar information. Questions cover the history of the arts, sciences, religion, philosophy, languages, historical geography, recent history and the history of sports and entertainment in addition to the usual social, political, and military history. In the final rounds, the questions are, on average, slightly longer and more difficult. Here are a few examples of preliminary and finals questions:
Sample Preliminary Questions
The northern tip of this island was home to this nation's Jaffna kingdom, which ruled at the same time as other empires on this modern country like the Kotte Kingdom and the Kandy Kingdom. For the point, name this Asian island nation, the site of the Tamil Tigers separatist movement, which was once known as Ceylon.
ANSWER: Sri Lanka [or Ceylon before mentioned]
It was announced in a graduation speech given at Harvard University and designed in part by William Clayton, George Kennan, and a Secretary of State. For the point, name this American economic plan that intended to halt the spread of Communism by providing financial support to European nations, which was conducted under Harry S. Truman.
ANSWER: Marshall Plan or European Recovery Plan or ERP
Sample Finals Questions
This leader's accomplishments include putting down Nayan's rebellion and installing Wonjong as the ruler of the Goryeo dynasty of Korea. Three times, he attempted to invade Vietnam along with his brother Mongke, and his two attempts to invade Japan were both cut short by severe typhoons known as kamikaze. He employed Marco Polo and his father as ambassadors. For 10 points, name this founder of the Yuan Dynasty, a grandson of Genghis Khan.
ANSWER: Kublai Khan
This navy sent an expedition to Mexico on the San Buena Ventura, a ship built by William Adams. This navy was instructed to only allow passage to ships abiding by the Red Seal system. This navy was crushed by Admiral Yi Sun-sin and his turtle ships during an abortive invasion of Korea. For 10 points, name this navy that was led by Admiral Yamamoto during World War II.
ANSWER: Japanese Navy [accept Tokogawa navy until "Yamamoto"]
Resources for Training
Our complete resources guide and study guide for our Asian Division will be posted here by late October. In the meantime, email _EMAIL_ if you would like copies sent to you when it is ready.
Please also see NAQT's (National Academic Quiz Tournaments) "You gotta know" pages and the ACE Quiz Bowl Camps study guides, as well as the History Channel's Ultimate History Quiz.
A sample Bee packet for our Asian tournaments can be downloaded here Please also see _URL_ (though this has a heavy American emphasis and references all subjects) and our National Championship questions from 2011 in the USA. Please note that the questions you'll find here are considerably more difficult and American history-focused than the questions we intend on using in Asia.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Doubt in Cooking Game
The question quotes:
"Now Chef is asking you to count the number of ways to fill the missing numbers (ie. the -1s) of the array with level numbers, so that it corresponds to a valid game. Since the answer can be large, output it modulo 109+7."
So, if there is no missing number the count is zero.
But the solutions getting accepted outputs answer 1.
Question link:
1 Like
Actually the count is 1, because not substituting any -1 anywhere where there are no -1s to substitute is a valid way and the only one. This is similar to the fact that the number of ways of ordering 0 objects is 1, in other words 0!=1. Or that the number of ways to choose 0 objects from a collection of n is 1, which means {n \choose 0} = 1.
1 Like
unless it's invalid then the answer is 0
Yes of course :slight_smile:
_USER_ _USER_ : The problem statement stated the rules for playing the game as "Chef will start in level 1 and whenever Chef passes a level in this game he will advance to the next level, but if Chef fails, he will return to level 1." How come then, the answer is 0 for any test case. I understand that if the sequence is invalid the solution would be 0, but as the statement clearly states the rules, and it is not mentioned anywhere that chef's memory can be wrong or he can play an invalid game, is the assumption of a valid game wrong? Please correct me if I am wrong.
1 Like
don't assume anything that is not mentioned in "constraints" section
1 Like


text:
Packaging and High-Temperature Characterization of a 650 V, 150 A eGaN HEMT
In this work, a commercial 650 V, 150 A enchancement mode GaN (eGaN) HEMT from GaN Systems was packaged and characterized for its static properties at temperatures up to 250° C. The eGaN HEMTs studied in this work were purchased from GaN Systems with the part number of GS-065-150-1-D rated at 650 V, 150 A. Copper was the surface finish on all the gate, source, and drain pads, and the backside of the chip was finished with silver.
Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the package design. Silver sintering was used for attaching the device chip on direct-bond-copper substrate, and gold wire-bonding for interconnections. Fig. 2 shows the fabrication process of the high-temperature package.
The packaged device was tested at temperatures up to 250 ° C to determine the effects of temperature on its static characteristics. It survived multiple heating/cooling cycles between room temperature and 250° C as it underwent static testing on a curve tracer. Compared to the characteristics at room temperature, at 250 ° C, the threshold voltage was reduced by about 30%, the saturation current was down below 45% of the rated current, and the leakage current was increased by tens of times.


Abbe Nicolas Louis de Lacaille (1713 - 1762) was a French astronomer who had the honor of naming 15 of the 88 constellations. He studied the stars of the southern hemisphere from his observatory at the Cape of Good Hope in Africa from 1750 - 1754.
Lacaille is often considered to be the first person ever to systematically observe the whole sky, an honor also ascribed to John Herschel, although Lacaille used a much smaller 1/2" telescope.
16 years before Charles Messier started to work on his catalog, Lacaille had already observed 10,000 celestial objects, as well as catalogued 42 nebulous objects. There are several remarkable objects and original discoveries in Lacaille's list, most notable is M83, the first galaxy beyond the Local Group to be discovered.
The constellations he named all got "scientific" names, with the exception of Mensa:


text:
Asset Diversification Versus Climate Action
64 Pages Posted: 16 Jun 2020
Date Written: June 2020
Asset pricing and climate policy are analyzed in a global economy where consumption goods are produced by both a green and a carbon-intensive sector. We allow for endogenous growth and three types of damages from global warming. It is shown that, initially, the desire to diversify assets complements the attempt to mitigate economic damages from climate change. In the longer run, however, a trade-off between diversification and climate action emerges. We derive the optimal carbon price, the equilibrium risk-free rate, and risk premia. Climate disasters, which are more likely to occur sooner as temperature rises, significantly affect asset prices.
Keywords: asset prices, carbon price, Climate finance, decarbonization, disaster risk, Diversification, green assets
JEL Classification: D81, G01, G12, Q5, Q54
Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation


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What does CAC stand for?
CAC stands for chronic atrophic candidiasis
This definition appears rarely
See other definitions of CAC
Other Resources: Acronym Finder has 274 verified definitions for CAC
Samples in periodicals archive:
Image: Legend: Figure 1: Chronic atrophic candidiasis (denture sore mouth). Note the diffuse erythema involving the entire hard palate due to the use of the same...
Denture-related stomatitis, a mild form of chronic atrophic candidiasis consisting of inflammation of the mucosa beneath a denture, could lead to redness of the gums.
Denture-related stomatitis (also termed denture sore mouth, [1] denture stomatitis, [1] chronic atrophic candidiasis, [1] Candida-associated denture induced...


text:
Human trafficking resource for high schools
Our human trafficking resource has been created specifically for high school students in New Zealand. The resource provides an overview of human rights, human trafficking and modern day slavery. It has been designed to comply with level five curriculum requirements for social sciences in New Zealand, including the following achievement objectives:
- Understand how cultural interaction impacts on cultures and societies.
- Understand that people move between places and how this has consequences for the people and the places.
- Understand how people define and seek human rights.
The goal is to have this resource taught at all schools in New Zealand. We encourage people to learn about human trafficking, download a human trafficking resource, meet with the school principal or a dean of social sciences at a school in their community and advocate for this resource being taught in year 9 and 10 social science classes.
What to do with the high school resource on human trafficking
- Download and print the resource from our website
- Organise a meeting with the principal of head of department ("HOD") for social sciences in a school you are connected to or that is in your community
- At the meeting, give the principal/HOD the resource and tell him/her WHY it is essential that human trafficking is taught in schools
- Organise a follow-up meeting with the principal/HOD two weeks later to see whether the resource is being implemented
- Email us at _EMAIL_ and let us know how things went so we can improve it and get it more widely dispersed


Problem with hard drive clicking
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The click sound is usually caused by the drive parking its head. There are multiple causes for that, including power management and shock detection (see below for fixes). However, it may also mean that your drive is about to die (the dreaded "click of death"); check /var/log/messages (or /var/log/syslog) for suspicious errors, and remember to backup!
The Hitachi Travelstar 5K80 series, which shipped with many T series Thinkpads, is reported to suffer from this problem in particular. The clicks occur rapidly, and are quiet but noticeable. While in use in a quiet environment, the clicks can be relatively loud and annoying. The clicks seem to happen when the drive is idle and the power has been on for a significant period of time. Western Digital drives (like the Scorpio series) are also known to exhibit pronounced clicks. The clicking is also reported on other vendors' laptop hard drives, and is therefore almost certainly hard drive related rather than laptop chassis related.
The clicking sound appears to occur only when the drive is idle. Forcing the drive to be busy silences the ticking. Launching programs that access the hard drive, such as searching or defragmenting the drive, helps for a time. Cycling the power on the hard drive, such as through a full power-off reboot of the system, stops the ticking for the moment. hdparm can be used to reset the drive without rebooting, or to set the power management settings.
Others recommend using Hitachi's drive feature tool to increase the acoustic management level.
Possible cause and speculation
Laptop drives (especially Hitachi Hitachi Travelstar 5K80, Hitachi Travelstar 5K100 and SAMSUNG MP0804H) can unload heads very often, producing a noticeable click. Some ThinkPad BIOSes can be very eager to program the HD Advanced Power Management feature (hdparm -B), even when told to always keep the HD in "Maximum Performance mode", and will do so every time AC state changes and when coming out of suspend (be it S3 or S4). Unless you reset the HD's APM mode, it will unload its heads eventually, thus producing the clicks.
Another possible cause is the drive firmware running a low level surface media check periodically during idle time.
It is not known whether the problem is a sign of impending drive failure. The root cause of the problem is not yet known. It is quite likely to be a normal mode of drive operation. The problem is very prevalent.
Do not confuse this with regular activity. Many daemons poll (config) files every few seconds. Despite files being cached, POSIX compliant filesystems like ext2 or ext3 must update (= write) the last access time. More details and a workaround in How to reduce power consumption#Hard_Drives.
Some vendors have extra power-saving timers that might be causing issues, such as the idle3 timer of some WD Green drives that controls the WD Intellipark feature.
Tracking down the cause of the clicks
Using "smartctl -A" (part of the the smartmontools package), it is possible to check if any of the drive's attributes related to platter spin-up/down or head unload are increasing when a click is heard. That can help pinpointing the cause of the clicks.
A shell script like this may help to see if the Load Cycle Count is affected (indicating head unloading):
while :
 newval='smartctl -A /dev/sda | awk '$2=="Load_Cycle_Count" {print $10}''
 if [[ $newval != $lastval ]] # i.e., anything has changed (here: load cycle count only)
 echo $newval
 sleep 30 # or some other interval
Possible solutions (Linux)
The clicking noise apparently occurs when the drive is parking its heads (and ramping them off the drive surface in the process) after a timeout after the last disk access. Temporary relief has been found by using hdparm to turn off power management for the drive:
# hdparm -B 255 /dev/sda
That should stop the drive from parking the heads except when turning off. You can also try
# hdparm -B 254 /dev/sda
which doesn't turn power management off, but is the least aggressive setting: it will still unload heads, but far less often. (The drives are prepared to withstand a great number of head unloads: 200,000 unloads are typical, and Hitachi drives tolerate about 600,000 unloads.)
To make these changes permanent, you have to ensure that the -B commands are reissued at every boot, after resuming from disk or RAM, after hotswapping, and every time the ThinkPad BIOS might try to override them. This is done in two steps: changing the default settings when the system boots, and changing the settings when the system resumes after the lid is closed and re-opened.
Start-up settings
On Debian, edit /etc/hdparm.conf (as root):
# vi /etc/hdparm.conf
Add the following lines:
# Change sda to hda if it's a PATA drive
/dev/sda {
 apm = 255
Then, to refresh the settings, run
# update-rc.d hdparm defaults
On Ubuntu 11.04, the script /usr/lib/pm-utils/power.d/95hdparm-apm (part of the hdparm package) sets the APM level to 128 when on battery and 254 otherwise (these defaults are part of the hdparm_options() function in /lib/hdparm/hdparm-functions). This may be overridden in hdparm.conf with the custom setting apm_battery:
/dev/sda {
 apm = 255
 apm_battery = 255
Alternatively, you can override the 95hdparm-apm script by creating an empty file with the same name in /etc/pm/power.d:
# touch /etc/pm/power.d/95hdparm-apm
On Arch Linux, edit /etc/rc.local instead and add:
hdparm -B 254 /dev/sda
Then reboot the system, and the clicking noise should be gone.
Wake-up settings
The clicking may resume when the lid is closed and re-opened. To fix this, create an executable file named 50_hdparm-pm in /etc/pm/sleep.d:
# vi /etc/pm/sleep.d/50_hdparm-pm
With the following content:
To make it executable, run:
# chmod +x /etc/pm/sleep.d/50_hdparm-pm
If this does not help, but manually setting hdparm -B 255 /dev/sda does, try the script below instead:
case "$1" in
 sleep 2
 hdparm -B 255 /dev/sda
exit $NA
On Ubuntu 8.10 (Linux Mint 6) on a T42, there seems to be something else setting a lower value in battery mode, which might be coming from the BIOS because it clicks during boot and stops with this in place. Make an executable file named "" (the important thing is it's starting with "99"), containing the following:
# Use a less aggressive hard disk power management to get rid of
# clicking noise when the drive is parking its heads
hdparm -B 255 /dev/sda
Then, copy this file to /etc/acpi/suspend.d/, /etc/acpi/resume.d/ and /etc/acpi/start.d/. Remember to make the files executable (chmod +x).
Otherwise, try to reset the drive with -w, but note that this may cause data loss, according to hdparm's man page. When used in the following way to stop the clicking, I have not seen any data loss. YMMV.
# hdparm /dev/sda
# sync
# sleep 5
# sync
# hdparm -w /dev/sda
Laptop mode
Yet another solution is to install the laptop-mode-tools package and have it handle the hard drive's settings. Note that by default, laptop-mode-tools will frequently spin down the hard drive to save power.
Edit /etc/laptop-mode/laptop-mode.conf, set CONTROL_HD_POWERMGMT=1 and ensure that hdparm sets -B 255.
Disable WD Intellipark
On WD Green drives where Intellipark might be causing the problem, you can try to use the idle3-tools utility to disable Intellipark.
Possible solution (Windows)
On a X41T, do BIOS, firmware and IBM updates. Then simply disable the ShockProtection of the hard drive. On a native X41T Windows installation, it solved the problem; one will hear a click only every hour. It seems that the problem is related to an aggressive setting that will try to park the head often to protect the drive, so the problem is not related with power management settings. Perhaps a similar approach also works under Linux. – WBonX (Hitachi drive)
Specific models
Hitachi C4K60 (HTC426060G9AT00)
On a Thinkpad X41 with a has a 60 GB Hitachi C4K60 (HTC426060G9AT00) hard disk that had the clicking problem (even in Windows), the hdparm solution above did not work. The problem was indeed caused by the hard disk unloading the heads when idle, and the Load_Cycle_Count SMART statistic could be seen increasing when the clicks occurred.
hdparm -B settings did not seem to help, and a check of the hard


Making a multilingual site with Next.js - Part 3
- 7 min
If you ended up here for this third part and did not see the first nor the second, I highly suggest you take a look at those first. In the previous section, we dealt with the creation and listing of content for the languages and ended the project there.
However, some commented that it would be interesting to add translated slugs, for example: in English the "about" page open at and its corresponding version open at In this article, I show you how we can create such functionality. Let's start!
But first...
In the previous articles, the function for changing languages was implemented. But when the page was refreshed, it returned to the default language, which caused a certain annoyance. This behavior is not the best, so it is important to solve this issue. Fortunately, it is not difficult at all to implement, with just a few lines of code.
Local Storage
Local Storage is a way that JavaScript provides us to save information in the user's browser, so that it will be available on a next visit. Many use it to make simple authentication or to save options, such as light and dark modes, for example.
The logic used here does not differ from that of a theme change, the change is that language will be saved instead. Small modifications to only two files are needed. The files are: the Header component and theLanguageProvider language context. If you fell from another dimension and did not see the two previous articles and nothing makes sense to you until now, I warned you at the beginning of the article! Go there and check the previous articles, and then come back here!
Here is the code for the Header component:
import { useContext } from "react"
import { useRouter } from "next/router"
import Navigation from "../Navigation"
import Logo from "../Logo"
import { LanguageContext, locales } from "../../intl/LanguageProvider"
interface Props {
 className?: string
 children?: React.ReactNode
const Header: React.FC = ({ className, children }) => {
 const headerClass = className || "header"
 const [locale, setLocale] = useContext(LanguageContext)
 const router = useRouter()
 function handleLocaleChange(language: string) {
 if (!window) {
 const regex = new RegExp('^/(${locales.join("|")})')
 localStorage.setItem("lang", language) // This line saves the language option!
 router.push(router.pathname, router.asPath.replace(regex, '/${language}'))
 return (

 handleLocaleChange("en")}>EN
 handleLocaleChange("pt")}>PT
export default Header
In Header, the method localStorage.setItem ('lang', language) was used to save the language choice by clicking on the corresponding button. What this method does is basically add a 'lang' key with the acronym of the chosen language. You can check this in the Application area of your browser's inspector, in the Local Storage section.
The LanguageProvider is as follows:
import { createContext, useEffect, useState } from "react"
export const defaultLocale = "pt"
export const locales = ["pt", "en"]
export const LanguageContext = createContext([])
export const LanguageProvider: React.FC = ({ children }) => {
 const [locale, setLocale] = useState("pt")
 useEffect(() => {
 if (!window) {
 // Captures the language information saved by the Header component
 const language = localStorage.getItem("lang") || locale
 }, [locale])
 return (

Here the localStorage.getItem ('lang') method captures the saved information from the language choice, and applies it if it exists. Now when updating the page, the language you selected stays there.
Finally... Let's create the translated slugs...
Nothing prevents you from creating files in the /pages folder, with the desired title, such as /kontakt.tsx for a contact page in German. It will work perfectly, but let's be honest: it is not the best way to do the job. We should be able to provide a way for pages to be created dynamically, with a standard template, changing the content and slug according to the language.
If you think about it, a similar thing is done with our posts area in this project. To achieve this, just modify the library we created for the posts (/lib/posts.ts) to include our new translated pages. But avoid duplicate code, instead of creating a /lib/pages.ts file with practically the same content as /lib/posts, I decided to unify everything in a single library that I called lib/files.ts.
The content of this file is as follows:
import fs from "fs"
import path from "path"
import matter, { GrayMatterFile } from "gray-matter"
import remark from "remark"
import html from "remark-html"
const postsDirectory = path.resolve(process.cwd(), "content", "posts")
const pagesDirectory = path.resolve(process.cwd(), "content", "pages")
// Collects all file names in the folders specified with the sctructure ['en/']
export function getAllFileNames(directoryPath: string, filesList = []) {
 const files = fs.readdirSync(directoryPath)
 files.forEach((file) => {
 if (fs.statSync('${directoryPath}/${file}').isDirectory()) {
 filesList = getAllFileNames('${directoryPath}/${file}', filesList)
 } else {
 filesList.push(path.join(path.basename(directoryPath), "/", file))
 const filteredList = filesList.filter((file) => file.includes(".md"))
 return filteredList
// Sorts posts by date
export function getSortedPostData() {
 const fileNames = getAllFileNames(postsDirectory)
 const allPostsData = => {
 const id = fileName.split("/")[1].replace(/\.md$/, "")
 const fullPath = path.join(postsDirectory, fileName)
 const fileContents = fs.readFileSync(fullPath, "utf-8")
 const frontMatter: GrayMatterFile = matter(fileContents)
 return {
 ...( as {
 lang: string
 date: string
 category: string
 return allPostsData.sort((a, b) => {
 if ( < {
 return 1
 } else {
 return -1
// IDs for posts or pages
export function getAllIds(type = "post") {
 const dir = type === "page"? pagesDirectory : postsDirectory
 const fileNames = getAllFileNames(dir)
 return => ({
 params: {
 id: fileName.split("/")[1].replace(/\.md$/, ""),
 lang: fileName.split("/")[0],
// Collects data from the markdown file and makes it available
export async function getContentData(id: string, type = "post") {
 const fullPath = path.join(dir, '${id}.md')
 const frontMatter = matter(fileContents)
 const processedContent = await remark().use(html).process(frontMatter.content)
 const contentHtml = processedContent.toString()
 return {
 ...( as { date: string; title: string }),
I created a type argument in some of the functions that will be used by both posts and pages. This because this argument identifies the directory in which the files will be read. By default, I left it configured to always search for posts. Since the file name has changed and so have the functions, it is necessary to update the imports in the files that use the new library.
Template for the dynamic page
Here is another page with a special name, to create a dynamic route. In this the parameter will be the 'id' of the file, which is captured by the function getAllIds() of the file lib/files. The file will be called [lang]/[id].tsx. Below is the complete code of the file.
import { GetStaticProps, GetStaticPaths, NextPage } from "next"
import { getAllIds, getContentData } from "../../lib/files"
import Layout from "../../components/Layout"
interface PageProps {
 locale: string
 pageData: {
 lang: string
 title: string
 slug: string
 date: string
 category?: string
 contentHtml: string
const SitePage: NextPage = ({ pageData }) => {
 const { title, contentHtml } = pageData
 return (

 dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{ __html: contentHtml }}
export const getStaticProps: GetStaticProps = async ({ params }) => {
 // Here is the argument to informa "page" as type,
 // so Next.js can search for page files, ignoring posts.
 const pageData = await getContentData('/${params.lang}/${}', "page")
 return {
 props: {
 locale: params?.lang || "pt",
export const getStaticPaths: GetStaticPaths = async () => {
 const paths = getAllIds("page")
 return {
 fallback: false,
export default SitePage
With this file, it is already possible to support pages created through Markdown. The markdown files use the following structure:
lang: pt
title: "Sobre"
Site made to showcase the creation of a bilingual website using Next.js. The tutorial is in an article on my blog. Feel free to view the source code, fork it, or even use it in your projects.
To better organize the files, I created a directory called /


How it Works
The SensArray family is designed with light on-board computational capabilities. The SensThys GUI is designed to operate and control the units, both in initial start-up and in basic applications like portal readers. A reader with substantial computing power, such as the Alien F800X or a server running control software, can handle interrogation and control of the integrated RFID reader when used in larger applications.


text:
Spanish translation of 'intrusive'
- [noise, presence]
Example Sentences Including 'intrusive'
The noise in the restaurant wasn't just intrusive, it was deafening.Yellow Bird
The necessary formalities had to be got out of the way, but they seemed intrusive to Autumn, names and ages incidental.Roses are for the Rich
The intrusive woman moved in on them, easily circumnavigating their turned backs.Somewhere East of Life
Trends of 'intrusive'
View usage over:
'intrusive' in Other Languages
Translation of intrusive from the Collins English to Spanish Dictionary


You have searched the English word batter meaning in Spanish bateador. batter meaning has been search 4126 (four thousand one hundred and twenty-six) times till 9/23/2021. You can also find batter meaning and Translation in Urdu, Hindi, Arabic, Spanish, French and other languages.
bateador,pasta,defecto
Definition & Synonyms
- Batter
 5. (n.) One who wields a bat; a batsman.
 7. (v. i.) To slope gently backward.
 8. (v. t.) Paste of clay or loam.
 9. (v. t.) To wear or impair as if by beating or by hard usage.
Baste, Batsman, Buffet, Hitter, Slugger,


Practice Psychometric Tests
Written Exercise
Employers often use a written exercise to assess job candidates. Written exercises usually test a combination of: common sense, comprehension skills, verbal reasoning, the ability to structure a letter, an essay or an argument, note taking ability and written communication skills.
A candidate's knowledge of specific industry issues or work procedures is not usually tested. The subject of your written exercise may also be used as the basis for a discussion in a later interview.
Written Exercise Examples
Examples of written exercises used by firms include:
 - Write a report on the pros and cons of a takeover bid, based on 12-pages of material provided.
 - Summarise the facts of a case file, listing its strengths and weaknesses.
 - Summarise a Law report for a client who is concerned with the issues it covers but has no specific legal knowledge.
 - Write a letter of complaint to a local council on behalf of an elderly resident.
You will typically be given between 40-60 minutes to complete a written exercise.


text:
Wednesday, November 08, 2006
No two microchips are exactly the same, even if they come from the same factory and production line. But US Navy researchers think this quirk of modern manufacturing could be turned into an advantage, as it provides a clever way to authenticate the microchips used in many modern ID cards.
Each chip has hundreds of thousands of transistors and wires that all vary very slightly in size and qualities, meaning no two chips are truly identical. These differences are not enough to affect the way each chip works but can be detected by sending signals through each device and measuring the resulting delays.
These variations can be used to generate a unique identifying code for each chip. The code could be held by an authenticating party, like a bank, and then checked each time the card is used in a reader. If someone tries to clone the card, the reader will warn that the chip's electrical signature does not match that of the original.
Read the full smart-card fingerprints patent application


text:
The theist pump is used to extract and examine the contents of the fish's throat before it reaches its stomach. This helps discover what trout are feeding on allowing you to accurately match the food source. This study of the trout's food source dramatically improves catch rates. The pump is made of a rubber bulb and a small diameter plastic tapered straw which is easy to operate.
TO USE: Cradle fish in hand in a horizontal position with gentle but steady pressure. Fill the pump with water, then empty bulb so only the straw contains water. With bulb collapsed slide the tube gently into the fish. Squirt a few drops of water into the fish's throat then release the pressure on the bulb. The contents of the fish's throat will be drawn into the straw. With smaller fish use less suction. Release fish, squeeze contents of the pump into palm or vial to examine.


text:
Scotland Land and PropertyEdit This Page
From FamilySearch Wiki
Land records can help you determine where and when your family lived in a specific place. Sometimes these records will be based on inheritance, and such records will often mention two or more generations of a family. In Scotland the land system had feudal roots in which the crown owned all of the land.
Many courts were involved in actions regarding land. Some of the most important courts were:
- Chancery Courts
- Court of Session
- Sheriff Courts
- Burgh Courts
- Commissary Courts
- Regality Courts
In general, there are three types of Scottish land records:
Most of our Scottish ancestors never owned land but rather lived and farmed land belonging to someone else. The Estate owner kept management records of their lands, estates and tenants. Some of these records have survived and reside either in the hands of the current estate owner or are at the National Archives of Scotland (NAS) as a Gift and Depost (GD). Some large estates have their own archives on-sight. The types of papers in an estate could be:
- Rentals or leases called a 'tack'
- Lists of tenants
- Records of tenants who may have been in some trouble
In order to search estate records you need to know who owned the estate. To find this information search these sources available either online or at the FHL:
- Parish histories and gazetteers
- The Old & New Statistical Accounts of Scotland at the FHL and online at Edina.ac.uk
- Findlay, James. Directory of Gentlemen's' Seats, villages, &c. in Scotland… (FHL book Ref 941 E4d; film 599347 item 3; fiche _PHONE_) online at Archives.org
- Register of the Great Seal _PHONE_, 11 vols. (FHL book 941 N2sc): _PHONE_ are available on Ancestry
- Statistics of the annexed estates, _PHONE_: from the records of the forfeited estates preserved in the Scottish Record Office [NAS]. FHL Q book 941 R2sa. Lists tenants on the estates forfeited as a result of the 1745 Rebellion.
- Index of Place Names to the Abridgements of Sasines (see that section)
- Timperley, Loretta R. Directory of Landownership in Scotland circa 1770. (FHL book 941 B4sr n.s. v. 5)
- Return of Owners of Land and Heritages in Scotland 1872-73 (FHL Q book 941 R25i)
- National Register of Archives (searchable online) _URL_
Once the name of the land owner has been determined, search the NAS' catalog for their name or the property name along with references of E,GD or RH. The FHL catalog should also be searched under the county where the property was located and look under the topic of "Land and Property".
Taxes were determined by the value of the land. These records are called 'valuation rolls' and exist sporadically before 1855. The book entitled "Directory of Landownership in Scotland circa 1770" is based in part on the valuation rolls for that year. The FHL has only a few of these records and most are listed in the NAS online catalog with the reference of VR. To learn more about these records go to _URL_
For More Information
For more information about sasine, service of heir, deeds, and other Scottish land and property records, see the following website and books:
National Archives of Scotland Look at the "Guides to Records".
Dobson, David. Scottish-American Heirs _PHONE_. Baltimore, Maryland: Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., 1990. (Family History Librarybook 941 D2d.)
Encyclopedia of the Laws of Scotland. 16 vols and 2 supps. Edinburgh, Scotland: W. Green & Son, Limited, 1926. (Family History Library book 941 P36e.)
Gibb, Andrew Dewar. Students' Glossary of Scottish Legal Terms. Edinburgh, Scotland: W. Green & Son, Ltd., 1946. (Family History Library book 941 P36g.)
Gouldesbrough, Peter. Formulary of Old Scots Legal Documents. Vol. 36. Edinburgh, Scotland: The Stair Society, 1985. (Family History Library book 941 B4st v.36.)
An Introductory Survey of the Sources and Literature of Scots Law. Vol. 1. The Stair Society. Edinburgh, Scotland: Robert Maclehose & Co., Ltd. for The Stair Society, 1936. (Family History Librarybook 941 B4st; film _PHONE_.)
Sinclair, Cecil. Tracing Your Scottish Ancestors: A Guide to Ancestry Research in the Scottish Record Office. Edinburgh, Scotland: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1990. (Family History Library book 941 D27s.)


text:
Architects and the design of ordinary single-family houses in the United States: the American Institute of Architects and the Architects' Small House Service Bureau
Metadata[+] Show full item record
The development of the design process for ordinary single-family houses has followed a uniquely American pattern. As early as the beginning of the eighteenth century, pattern books appeared in the colonies and were used as sources for the latest design ideas. Local builders and carpenters adapted these patterns to new buildings, especially single-family houses. Alongside builders, some gentlemen fashioned themselves into amateur architects from reading the variety of architectural pattern books available in the colonies. The purpose of this study is to discover why architects in the United States are not involved in the design of ordinary single-family houses for the majority of people and how it got to be this way. Specifically, primary documents of the American Institute of Architects and the Architects Small House Service Bureau were used to identify the challenges architects faced in the early twentieth century with regard to single-family house design.


The Correct spelling is: scarf
Common misspellings of the word scarf are:
How do you spell scarf?. It is not
 - n., pl. scarfs (skÃ¤rfs) or scarves (skÃ¤rvz).
 1. A long piece of cloth worn about the head, neck, or shoulders.
 2. A decorative cloth for covering the top of a piece of furniture; a runner.
 3. A sash indicating military rank.
 tr.v., scarfed, scarfÂ·ing, scarfs.
 1. To dress, cover, or decorate with or as if with a scarf.
 2. To wrap (an outer garment) around one like a scarf.
 [French dialectal escarpe, sash, sling, from Old North French, variant of Old French escherpe, pilgrim's bag hung from the neck, from Frankish *skirpja, small rush, from Latin scirpus, rush.]
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text:
Backing up the OfficeScan Database
- Go to Administration > Settings > Database Backup.
- Type the location where you want to save the database. If the folder does not exist yet, select
Create the folder if not already present. Include the
drive and full directory path, such as
By default, OfficeScan saves the backup in the following directory: \DBBackupNote:
OfficeScan creates a subfolder under the backup path. The folder name indicates the time of the backup and is in the following format: YYYYMMDD_HHMMSS. OfficeScan preserves the 7 most recent backup folders, automatically deleting older folder(s).
- If the backup path is on a remote computer (using a UNC path), type an appropriate account name and the corresponding password. Ensure that the account has write privileges on the computer.
- To configure a backup schedule:
- Select Enable scheduled database backup.
- Specify the backup frequency and time.
- To back up the database and save the changes you made, click Backup Now. To save only without backing up the database, click Save.


text:
2. Adverb. (archaic) Twofold. ¹
¹ Source: wiktionary.com
Definition of Twyfold
1. twofold [adj]
Click the following link to bring up a new window with an automated collection of images related to the term: Twyfold Images
Lexicographical Neighbors of Twyfold
twyfold (current term)
Literary usage of Twyfold
Below you will find example usage of this term as found in modern and/or classical literature:
1. The Harvard Classics by Charles William Eliot (1909)
"Remember," next We heard, " those unblest creatures of the clouds,' How they their twyfold bosoms,..."
2. Christian Iconography: Or, The History of Christian Art in the Middle Ages by Adolphe Napoléon Didron (1851)
"As the sun strikes a mirror, even thus Within those orbs the twyfold being shone; For ever varying, in one figure now Reflected now in other...."


text:
Forecast Texas Fire Danger (TFD)
The Texas Fire Danger(TFD) map is produced by the National Fire Danger Rating System (NFDRS). Weather information is provided by remote, automated weather stations and then used as an input to the Weather Information Management System (WIMS). The NFDRS processor in WIMS produces a fire danger rating based on fuels, weather, and topography. Fire danger maps are produced daily. In addition, the Texas A&M Forest Service, along with the SSL, has developed a five day running average fire danger rating map.
Daily RAWS information is derived from an experimental project - DO NOT DISTRIBUTE


Administration Console Online Help
Previous Next Open TOC in new window
Content starts here
Record WLST Scripts
To help automate the task of configuring a domain, you can record your configuration actions in the Administration Console as a series of WebLogic Scripting Tool (WLST) commands and then use WLST to replay the commands.
WLST is a command-line scripting environment that you can use to create, manage, and monitor WebLogic Server domains. It is installed on your system when you install WebLogic Server.
The Administration Console does not record WLST commands for the following:
The main steps for recording WLST scripts are as follows:
 1. (Optional) Specify the name of the file in which you want to record WLST commands and set other preferences. See Set Preferences for WLST Recording.
 While setting preferences, you can specify WLST commands that the Administration Console inserts before and after the commands that you record. For example, you can insert a series of commands that connect WLST to an Administration Server and append commands that terminate the connection. Unless you add such commands, you cannot run your recorded commands as a WLST script.
 For examples of WLST scripts, see WLST Online Sample Scripts.
 2. Start WLST Recording.
 You cannot remove or undo a command once it has been recorded. Instead, you can edit the script file after you stop recording or you can set your preferences to overwrite the script file and re-record the commands.
 3. (Optional) View the commands that have been recorded. See View Recorded Commands.
 4. Stop WLST Recording.
 If you choose the Append To File preference, you can start and stop recording several times before moving to the next steps.
 5. If you record commands that get or set the values of encrypted attributes (such the password for a server's Java Standard Trust keystore), the Administration Console creates two files in addition to the script file: a user configuration file that contains the encrypted data and a key file that contains the key used to encrypt the data. Use the file system to limit read and write access to the key file. Users who can read the key file can read all of the encrypted data that you recorded.
 The key file and user configuration files are created in the same directory as the recorded script file and are named recording-fileConfig and recording-fileSecret where recording-file is the name of the recorded script file.
 6. (Optional) Open the script file in a text editor and modify the recorded commands. You specify the name and location of the script file when you set your recording preferences.
 7. Run the script in WLST. When you use WLST to run the commands, WLST must be connected an Administration Server. See Main Steps for Using WLST for more information.
 If you recorded commands that get or set the values of encrypted attributes, the user configuration and key files must be in the same directory as the script file. If you move the script file, you must also move the user configuration and key files. Only the key file that was used to encrypt the data can be used to unencrypt the data.
Related Topics
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text: This paper considers semi-analytical solutions for a class of generalised logistic partial dierential equations with both point and distributed delays. Both one and two-dimensional geometries are considered. The Galerkin method is used to approximate the governing equations by a system of ordinary dierential delay equations. This method involves assuming a spatial structure for the solution and averaging to obtain the ordinary dierential delay equation models. Semi-analytical results for the stability of the system are derived with the critical parameter value, at which a Hopf bifurcation occurs, found. The results show that diusion acts to stabilise the system, compared to equivalent nondiusive systems and that large delays, which represent feedback from the distant past, act to destabilize the system. Comparisons between semi-analytical and numerical solutions show excellent agreement for steady state and transient solutions, and for the parameter values at which the Hopf bifurcations occur.


Home>Posts>Tech Explained>How Does a Fanless PC Stay Cool?
How Does a Fanless PC Stay Cool?
By ·Categories: Tech Explained·Published On: July 27th, 2020·3.9 min read·
Compared to a traditional fanned PC, especially small form factor fanned PCs, a fanless computer doesn't necessarily always look dramatically different. Nevertheless, there are several subtle things going on that prevent these quiet, unassuming pieces of hardware from burning up. So how does a fanless PC stay cool?
Fanless computers often cool based on the principle of conduction – that is, something hot dissipating heat into its surroundings through physical contact. Heat conduction is a natural phenomenon, but just how much heat is dissipated can be significantly influenced by design.
The basic idea is to put heat-generating components, like the computer's CPU, in contact with a heat sink. A heat sink allows the heat created by the components to flow through it and eventually into the surrounding air. When designing a heat sink assembly, it's important to consider what materials you'll use and how all its parts will interface with one another. Watch our Tech Edge video about how fanless cooling works below, and read on to learn more.
Heat Sinks Help a Fanless PC Stay Cool
Heat Sink
Heat sinks are a core component for helping a fanless PC stay cool. What's the best material for a heat sink? It stands to reason that a heat sink should be made out of a heat conductor. Much in the same way an electrical conductor provides a pathway for the flow of electrical current, a heat conductor is a material through which heat can flow readily. If something hot (such as a CPU) is in contact with one end of a heat conductor and something relatively cold (such as the air outside the PC) is in contact with the other side, heat will rapidly flow away from the heat source through the conductor. Aluminum and copper are the industry-favorite conductors used for heat sinks.
Most OnLogic heat sink assemblies consist of two main parts: an aluminum block mounted on top of the CPU, and the case lid. Heat is transferred from the CPU into the aluminum block, then the lid, and finally the surrounding air. There needs to be effective heat conducting interfaces between all of these parts in order to effectively cool the system.
How to Create an Effective, Heat Conducting Interface
Creating an effective interface for heat transfer is accomplished differently on the inside and outside of the PC. Air itself is a poor heat conductor, so on the inside of the PC it's important to eliminate as much air as possible between the CPU and heat sink. Simply mounting the heat sink on the CPU is not enough since microscopic imperfections leave air pockets at the interface point. The most common way of getting around this is adding thermal paste, which is a better conductor than air. The thermal paste fills all the gaps that would otherwise have air in them.
Logic Supply ML300 LidOn the outside of the PC, heat is being dissipated directly into the air so a different approach is needed. A common design is a lid covered in specially-engineered ridges. These ridges increase the total surface area exposed to the air, effectively adding more passageways for heat to escape. If you look closely, sometimes even the ridges will have ridges further increasing the surface area.
Avoiding Fanless Cooling Pitfalls
These principles can help you avoid several pitfalls when assembling or implementing a fanless PC. For example, although heat paste is a better conductor than air, it is quite a poor one compared to copper or aluminum. This means that you should only use just enough to fill the gaps where it is needed. Any more and you are creating a thermal barrier that may overheat your computer. Another common complication to avoid is placing something on top of a fanless computer. Even a single piece of paper can trap a pocket of hot air on the PCs lid, preventing the computer from cooling. You should also consider the air surrounding the PC. If the surrounding air is unable to circulate (as it would be in a confined space) or too thin (such as at high elevations) it will have less potential for carrying heat away from the PC.
At OnLogic, we work with fanless computers every day. The more you are exposed to them, the more you appreciate just how much is going on in order to keep them running at optimum temperatures.
If you'd like to learn more, check out our white paper: 5 Ways Fanless Computers can Help Your Business. If you have questions, contact us!
Note: This blog was originally posted on April 29, 2015. It has been updated for content on July 27, 2020.
About the Author: OnLogic
OnLogic is a global industrial computer manufacturer that designs highly-configurable, solution-focused computers engineered for reliability for the IoT edge.
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One Comment
 1. Avatar
 Mushi February 13, 2017 at 8:29 am
 Thanks for explaining the clear concept
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Skip to definition.
Noun: odyle
Usage: archaic
 1. A force or natural power supposed by Reichenbach and others to be manifest in magnets, heat, light, chemical or vital action, etc.
 - od [archaic]
Derived forms: odyles
Encyclopedia: Odyle


text:
There are a number of materials we can use for paths and driveways, but one of the most cost-effective is deco granite. Charlie Albone shows us how to get the mix right.
Looking for a great solution for your paths and driveways - consider deco granite! Here are my expert DIY tips:
- It's cheaper than concrete and if you're laying a big area, like a drive, it can save you a chunk of money.
- Deco Granite comes in pink, brown or gold and is relatively easy to use.
- Simply mark the area where you want the path to go and dig it out to about 100mm.
- I'm going to stabilize the granite by adding a 5 per cent mix of white cement. That's about 1 bag of cement per tonne of deco granite.
- If you're doing a driveway – then double that by 10 per cent or 2 bags of cement to a tonne of granite.
- It's important to get the mix right - if you use too much cement the finished surface will be chalky - not enough and it won't set properly.
- If you're using bricks to create an edge like I am here – this is the time to lay them.
- Put the granite into the dug out area and level it off with a rake.
- Because the mix is quite dusty I'm going to give it a light mist with water.
- It's vital not to soak the granite as this will cause the cement to rise to the surface and create a hard layer.
- Hammer down the path with a plate compactor until you get it nice and level.
- Give the path a quick brush with a boom to get rid of any excess water or bits of cement and leave to dry for around 1 to 2 days.
- One of the things I like best about deco granite is it's a porous - so, if you've done the job properly, water simply drains off the surface.


_USER_{jbp:/content/journals/10.1075/ijcl.11.1.02lab, author = "Labeau, Emmanuelle", title = "French Television Talk: What tenses for past time?", journal= "International Journal of Corpus Linguistics", year = "2006", volume = "11", number = "1", pages = "1-28", doi = "_URL_ url = "_URL_ publisher = "John Benjamins", issn = "_PHONE_", type = "Journal Article", keywords = "perfective aspect", keywords = "oral French", keywords = "French past tenses", abstract = "On the basis of a transcribed French television corpus made of two news bulletins, two chat shows and one literary programme recorded in February 2003, this paper explores the claim that passé simple (PS) may still be used in prepared oral discourse (Pfister 1974). The corpus does not provide support for that use on television, but it seems to suggest a shift from temporal to aspectual features in French television talk: a perfective presentation prevails on a past presentation. This trend would need to be confirmed by a larger television corpus, tested in other types of oral discourse and tested on written corpora.", }


Jump to: navigation, search
Using your own data type with Akonadi
Tutorial Series Akonadi Tutorial
Previous C++, Qt, KDE development environment
What's Next
Further Reading CMake, Akonadi Development Tools
This tutorial will guide you through the steps of creating an Akonadi application, an end user program which displays and manipulates PIM data provided by Akonadi.
If you are looking for a tutorial on how to provide data for Akonadi see the Akonadi Resource Tutorial
This section needs improvements: Please help us to
cleanup confusing sections and fix sections which contain a todo
Describe required versions and build setup
Tutorial Example
The goal of the tutorial is to create a simple application allowing a user to "detach" attachments from e-mails, i.e. save them to disk and remove them from the message.
To stay concentrated on Akonadi related steps, all general application or GUI related steps will done in a minimal fashion.
We can kick-start the application by using KAppTemplate, which can be found as KDE template generator in the development section of the K-menu, or by running kapptemplate in a terminal window.
First, we select the KDE4 GUI Application in the C++ section of the program, give our project a name and continue through the following pages to complete the template creation.
A look at the generated project top level directory shows us the following files:
and the following files in sub directory src:
At this stage it is already possible to compile the application, so we can already check if our development environment is setup correctly by creating the build directory and having CMake either generate Makefiles or a KDevelop project file.
Generating Makefiles
From within the generated top level directory:
mkdir build
cd build
cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=debugfull..
and run the build using make as usual.
Generating a KDevelop project file
From within the generated top level directory:
mkdir build
cd build
cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=debugfull -G KDevelop3..
and open the generated project with KDevelop and run the build process from there.
Adjusting the main Qt Designer file
Open the file detacherview_base.ui in Qt Designer and remove the example label. Remove the widget's main layout by clicking on the now empty widget and use the Break Layout menu entry in the Form menu.
Now, from left to right, place two Tree Views and one List Widget side-by-side. Select all three boxes by holding SHIFT and clicking each box with the left mouse button. Use Layout Horizontally in a Splitter in the Form menu and then create a main layout by clicking on their parent widget and using Layout Vertically in the Form menu.
A preview (Form -> Preview) should now look like this: TutorialAkonadiDetacherPreview.png
Finally, change the object names for the three widgets by right clicking it and choosing Change objectName. The left widget should be named folderView, the middle one messageView and the right one attachmentList.
In order to make it build again, edit the file detacherview.cpp and remove the code from the settingsChanged method. The application should now build again and be able to run.
A lot of other code of this generated files is not necessary either, feel free to do more cleanup yourself.
Promoting Views
The KDE client library for Akonadi has a couple of convenience classes which make our life as application developers more pleasant. Two of these classes are specialized view widgets, one for displaying collections and one for displaying items.
In order to use these widgets instead of ones from Qt we need to use a Qt Designer feature called "promoting". Right click the left widget and choose Promote to. Then fill the form like shown in the next screenshot.
Click add and promote. Repeat the same for the middle widget, this time using Akonadi::ItemView as the class name and akonadi/itemview.h for the header file.
This change also requires a change in the CMakeLists.txt file in the top level directory and in the one from the source directory.
In the file from the top level directory add the following line
find_package (KdepimLibs REQUIRED)
and change
include_directories( ${KDE4_INCLUDES} ${QT_INCLUDES} )
In the file from the source directory the line
target_link_libraries(detacher ${KDE4_KDEUI_LIBS})
has to be changed to
target_link_libraries(detacher ${KDE4_KDEUI_LIBS} ${KDEPIMLIBS_AKONADI_LIBS})
Since the application will depend on Akonadi running, we can ensure this by starting it if it is not. This is handled by the Akonadi::Control class.
In detacher.h we add another slot called delayedInit() which will perform this initialization. A slot so we can delay its executing using a single shot timer, a technique called "Delayed Initialization", i.e. letting the application create and show its GUI as fast as possible and do any probably time consuming initialization after that.
private slots:
 void fileNew();
 void optionsPreferences();
 void delayedInit();
In detacher.cpp we need two new include directives:
_TAG_
_TAG_
and the slot's implementation
void Detacher::delayedInit()
 if (!Akonadi::Control::start( this ) ) {
 qApp->exit( -1 );
If the application fails to start Akonadi, it simply quits. A real application should probably tell the user about that though.
Since we want the slot to be executed delayed, add the following line at the end of the class' constructor
QTimer::singleShot( 0, this, SLOT( delayedInit() ) );
Lets add a new public method to the view class. In detacherview.h add
void createModels();
and for now with an empty body in detacherview.cpp (we will get to the implementation shortly)
void DetacherView::createModels()
and call it from Detacher::delayedInit() after the Akonadi start succeeded
void Detacher::delayedInit()
 qApp->exit( -1 );
Connecting Views to Akonadi
The actual data connection between our views and Akonadi is conveniently handled by specialized models which are also provided by the KDE client library for Akonadi.
Actually, the data type the application will be working on, MIME messages, has an even further specialized model in a type specific sub library.
To properly link this additional library change the source directory's CMakeLists.txt to this target_link_libraries(detacher ${KDE4_KDEUI_LIBS} ${KDEPIMLIBS_AKONADI_LIBS} ${KDEPIMLIBS_AKONADI_KMIME_LIBS})
In 'detacherview.cpp add the following include directives
_TAG_
_TAG_
_TAG_
With that we can now properly implement the createModels() method:
void DetacherView::createModels()
 Akonadi::CollectionModel *collectionModel = new Akonadi::CollectionModel( this );
 Akonadi::CollectionFilterProxyModel *filterModel = new Akonadi::CollectionFilterProxyModel( this );
 filterModel->setSourceModel( collectionModel );
 filterModel->addMimeTypeFilter( QLatin1String( "message/rfc822" ) );
 Akonadi::ItemModel *itemModel = new Akonadi::MessageModel( this );
 ui_detacherview_base.folderView->setModel( filterModel );
 ui_detacherview_base.messageView->setModel( itemModel );
 connect( ui_detacherview_base.folderView, SIGNAL( currentChanged( Akonadi::Collection ) ),
 itemModel, SLOT( setCollection( Akonadi::Collection ) ) );
The first line creates a CollectionModel which will get all "folders" from Akonadi and keep this data updated as long as the application is running.
However, since this includes collections for other data types as well, we need to filter for the data type we are interested in, MIME messages or in terms of MIME type message/rfc822. This kind of filtering is conveniently supplied in the form of a proxy model called CollectionFilterProxyModel.
The next model, MessageModel is an ItemModel specialized in dealing with our data type, messages.
Setting the models on the respective view almost completes the setup process, the only thing left is to connect the CollectionView to the MessageModel so it changes its data depending on which folder gets selected.
At this stage the application is already capable of showing all your mail folders and headers of all your e-mails!
Getting at the Attachments
This task can be split into two steps:
 - Getting the message from Akonadi
 - Getting the attachments from the message
Getting the message from Akonadi
While we could have instructed the MessageModel to get all data for each of its entries, the proper way is to retrieve it only for the items that get selected. Moreover we want to do this asynchronously because we don't want to block the application even is a message is really huge.
The KDE client library for Akonadi offers this kind of functionality through a job-based API, in this case ItemFetchJob.
Using this is quite simple. First we add a new include and a class forward declaration for detacherview.h
_TAG_
class KJob;
In the private member section add an Item member:
 Ui::detacherview_base ui_detacherview_base;
 Akonadi::Item mItem;
and


technology and society quot digital identity powerpoint presentation quot
I need help with the following:
Prompt: In this second narrated slide assignment, you will explore digital identity. For your analysis, you can choose to explore your various online and technology-related behaviors and preferences, or you can choose to examine the issue you explored in Module Three from the perspective of digital identity. Then, in a couple of PowerPoint slides, record your answers to the following:
Analyze your digital identity
– How is your digital identity different from your real-world self? How is it the same?
– How does technology enable you to more fully express a specific dimension of your identity?
– How does your digital identity affect your sense of who you are as a person?
Describe the behaviors associated with your digital identity.
– How does technology govern, influence, or shape your identity?
– How is your behavior different when you know it is public?
PowerPoint: Throughout your short PowerPoint presentation, make sure you use effective multimedia and communication skills:
1. Include a combination of text, visuals, and sound elements that logically flow with your presentation.
2. Construct your presentation in a way that ensures the audio and visuals elements are logically organized in order to convey your message to your audience.
3. Make sure you provide appropriate supporting evidence in your presentation. Evidence could consist of your textbook, additional resources, company websites, and so on. Include your references in APA or MLA format in an additional slide at the end of your presentation.
Thank you


Quick Answer: Where Is Barak Found In The Bible?
What does Barak mean in the Bible?
Barak, also spelled Baraq, is a given name of Semitic origin.
As a Hebrew name, from the root B-R-Q (Hebrew: ב-ר-ק; Arabic: ب-ر-ق), it means "lightning" and it appears in the Hebrew Bible as the name of an Ancient Israelite general Barak (ברק Bārāq)..
What can we learn from Deborah?
Deborah in the Bible doesn't question God's voice or wonder what others will say or think she simply has the faith to do what God tells her. Whether people follow or not is not her concern. Her only concern is doing what the Lord has called her to, and not letting anything get in the way of that.
What is the meaning of Deborah in the Bible?
Deborah (Hebrew: דְבוֹרָה) is a feminine given name derived from דבורה D'vorah, a Hebrew word meaning "bee". Deborah was a heroine and prophetess in the Old Testament Book of Judges. … The name is Déborah in French, Débora in Portuguese and Spanish, and Debora in Italian and Czech.
Who is the first prophetess in the Bible?
MiriamMiriam was the first prophetess in the Bible. In Exodus 15:20, she is described as 'Miriam the prophetess', the first instance of this title being…
Where is Barack mentioned in the Bible?
Accomplishments of Barak in the Bible Barak is mentioned in the Hebrews 11 Hall of Faith.
Where did Barak attack the Canaanites?
SiseraDeborah and Barak fought the Canaanites under Sisera, which had a deadly force of 900 chariots, unbeatable in open terrain.
How many I Am's in the Bible?
There are seven or eight "I am" statements in John's Gospel – depending on how you count them.
Where in the Bible is the story of Deborah and Barak?
Deborah told Barak that God commanded him to lead an attack against the forces of Jabin king of Canaan and his military commander Sisera (Judges 4:6–7); the entire narrative is recounted in chapter 4. Judges chapter 5 gives the same story in poetic form.
What does Barack mean in Hebrew?
Barack Origin and Meaning The name Barack is a boy's name of Arabic, Hebrew, Swahili origin meaning "thunderbolt, lightning; or blessing".
What's the meaning of Barack?
Barack, also spelled Barak or Baraq, is a given name of Arabic origin. From the Semitic root B-R-K, it means "blessed" and is most commonly used in its feminine form Baraka(h).
What does the word blessing mean in the Bible?
a favor or gift bestowed by God, thereby bringing happiness. the invoking of God's favor upon a person: The son was denied his father's blessing.
What does the name Jay mean in Hebrew?
Boy name origins & meanings Hebrew : Supplanter, substitute; the patron saint of Spain. Old French : Jay bird.
What is Barak praise?
In barak we offer humble and submissive praise. We recognize Him as our Lord and kneel before Him. We bless God with our willing submission. Barak also reminds us of the primary Hebrew word for worship, shachah, which means to bow. … Give to God the blessing of a willing heart.
Why is Barak mentioned in Hebrews 11?
This, I submit, is why Barak was remembered in the great hall of faith. He was meek and gave glory to God when it would have been natural to want to seek his own fame as a result of a great military victory.
What does Elon mean in Hebrew?
Elon (אֵילוֹן in Hebrew), is a masculine first name, or Jewish surname, which means "tree" or "oak tree" in the Hebrew language. Variants of the name include Alon, Eilan, Eilon, Elan, Ilan and Ilon.
Who was Barak to Deborah?
Deborah summoned Barak, the son of Abinoam, from his home at Kedesh in Naphtali, and ordered him, in the name of YHWH, to take ten thousand men to Mount Tabor. He agreed to on condition that Deborah should go with him.
What judges are listed in Hebrews 11?
The Book of Judges mentions eleven leaders who are said to "judge" Israel: Othniel, Shamgar, Deborah, Gideon, Tola, Jair, Jephthah, Ibzan, Elon, Abdon, and Samson.
Who was Heber in the Bible?
Heber the Kenite (חבר הקיני) was, according to the Book of Judges in the Bible, a descendant of Reuel the Midianite, the father-in-law of Moses. He had separated himself and his wife Jael from the other Kenites and pitched their tent in the plain of Zaanaim, which is near Kedesh in the tribal territory of Naphtali.


text:
Location: 225, Bolivar St. Montserrat
It was the largest Jesuit temple and today is the oldest church in Buenos Aires. The temple still maintains elements from the 17th. Century in its structure. Behind the baroque façade there are images, paintings and furniture inside from the 18th. Century.
Construction began in 1686, on top of the adobe walls of an earlier temple that stood there. The temple was finished in 1675, dedicated to the Saint Founder of the Order.
After 1712 it was refurbished by Juan Kraus keeping the existing façade and towers. In the work helped the Jesuits Bianchi, Wolff, Weger and Prímoli.
It was consecrated in 1734 and it was the City Cathedral between 1775 and 1791 after the Jesuits had been expelled. Became a military barracks during the resistance against the British invasion in 1806.During 1816 and 1820 important open chapters (Cabildos Abiertos) and meetings were held here. A university was created in 1821. In 1955 the temple was set on fire intentionally during social riots.


text:
When it comes to operating, installing, maintaining, repairing or simply understanding your assets, there are a wide array of methods to communicate this information. The Content Manager App enables a range of multimedia content, including text and pictures, PDF's, videos and CAD files, to be organised and made readily available for viewing. This content can be linked to other parts of VPVision so users can easily navigate between, for example, a service event to the servicing instructions or video demonstration. Content is viewable on mobile and tablet, so is easily accessed in the field.
- Admins can add, remove and edit content using a powerful interface.
- Add photos, videos, text, CAD files and PDF's.
- Organise content in to categories.
- Search for content by tags or key-words.
- Users can rate content and leave feedback to identify improvement areas.
- Users can bookmark content for regular viewing or to come back to.
- Content is compatible with PC, tablet or phone – for out of office viewing.
- Link specific training pages to other relevant areas of VPVision for easy navigation.
Get in Touch
Unit 7 Greenford Park, Ockham Drive, Greenford London UB6 0FD
+44 (0)208 8130 850


Question: What Does Airtight Container Mean?
Whats is a seal?
1 : a sea mammal that swims with flippers, lives mostly in cold regions, bears young on land, feeds on fish and other sea animals (as squid), and is sometimes hunted for its fur, hide, or oil.
2 : the soft fur of a seal.
Kids Definition of seal (Entry 2 of 3).
What does blight mean?
(Entry 1 of 2) 1 botany. a : a disease or injury of plants marked by the formation of lesions, withering, and death of parts (such as leaves and tubers) potato blight. b : an organism (such as an insect or a fungus) that causes blight.
What is the meaning of indisputable?
English Language Learners Definition of indisputable : impossible to question or doubt : not disputable. See the full definition for indisputable in the English Language Learners Dictionary. indisputable. adjective. in·dis·put·able | \ ˌin-di-ˈspyü-tə-bəl, in-ˈdi-spyə- \
What do you store in an airtight container?
Sugars: Sugar is hydroscopic, meaning it attracts moisture, so make sure to keep sugars in airtight containers to prevent clumping. Rices, Beans, and Whole Grains: Airtight containers keep moisture and outside flavors and odors out. Spices: Make your spices last longer by keeping them in airtight containers.
What is a good airtight container?
Keep Food Fresher for Longer with the Best Airtight Food Storage ContainersRubbermaid Brilliance Pantry Organization & Food Storage Containers. … Anchor Hocking TrueSeal Round Glass Food Storage Containers. … OXO Good Grips 5-Piece POP Container Set. … Airscape Coffee and Food Storage Canister.More items…•Jan 11, 2021
What is the best airtight container?
The Rubbermaid Brilliance Pantry Food Storage Containers are the best dry storage containers for most people. The lids and containers in this set are very sturdy and seal tightly, even after multiple runs through the dishwasher.
Can you store baking soda in a Mason jar?
Yes, you can. You can also store your baking powder in glass jars.
Why is Tupperware bad for you?
Is a Ziploc bag airtight?
Ziploc bags have a tight seal, but they are not completely airtight. The unique zipper seal will minimize the amount of air that can slowly seep into the bag to keep your foods fresher longer.
Do airtight containers keep bugs out?
Airtight containers are designed to keep your food fresh and eliminate the risk of pantry pests. So, it's almost impossible for weevils to enter a high-quality airtight container. If you notice any bugs appear in your airtight container, it's likely there were already microscopic weevil eggs in your food.
Can mold grow in airtight containers?
Spores are indeed everywhere. And your food wasn't sterile when you put in the container. So leave a "sealed" container with food long enough, and if there is enough water in the container, something will grow.
What are airtight containers used for?
The airtight lids keep foods, such as cookies, crackers, chips, and cereals form becoming stale for a longer period of time when stored at room temperature. Plastic containers work well for all types of storage. They store well together and can really help organize a storage area.
Can you store fruit in an airtight container?
Cherries: Keep in airtight container. Don't wash cherries until ready to eat – any added moisture encourages mold. Citrus: Store in a cool place with good airflow and never in an airtight container. Berries: Berries are fragile.
What is the safest food storage container?
Glass Storage ContainersSafest: Glass Storage Containers The safest choice for food storage is glass. A couple of years ago, glass food storage containers were hard to come by and expensive.
How do you store flour for years?
You can leave your flour in its original bag, but for long-term storage, it's best to move it to an air-tight container that can protect against smells (flour will absorb odors) and liquids from the freezer walls.
How do you know if a container is airtight?
What do you mean by airtight?
1 : impermeable to air or nearly so an airtight seal. 2a : having no noticeable weakness, flaw, or loophole an airtight argument. b : permitting no opportunity for an opponent to score an airtight defense.
Is it better to store food in glass or plastic?
Glass is generally safer than plastic when it comes to food storage. You can heat and re-heat glass containers over and over without worrying about any chemical leeching into your food, and they're more durable, so your containers won't be dyed or smell like food residue after a while of use.
Is a jar an airtight container?
Canning (Mason) jars will be airtight once the lid is screwed on only if the jar, lid, and ring are not compromised. However, there will still be air inside the jar. The only way to remove air from the jar is by following the safe canning practices recommended by the USDA, which forms a vacuum.
Do airtight containers work?
Keeping food in airtight containers slows down oxidation Plus, storing your food in airtight food containers help prevent rancidity, especially in oily and fatty foods, since oxidation is the reason why these foods go rancid.


text:
Translate mulberry | into Italian | into Spanish
Definition of mulberry
noun (plural mulberries)
- 1 (also mulberry tree or bush) a small deciduous tree with broad leaves, native to East Asia and long cultivated elsewhere.
- Genus Morus, family Moraceae, in particular the white mulberry (M. alba), originally grown for feeding silkworms, and the black (or common) mulberry (M. nigra), grown for its fruit. See also paper mulberry
Old English mōrberie, from Latin morum + berry; related to Dutch moerbezie and German Maulbeere


The Frost Queen appears as a tall, slender, beautiful woman with a light bluish skin tone. Little is known for certain about the nature of these beings, but they are often thought of as the nymphs of the frozen tundra. Unlike nymphs, they cannot seduce male humanoids, however, they are revered as goddesses among the Frostlings. "Kissed by the Divine Stillness," (as Frostlings describe her) The Frost Queen freezes everything she touches in fragile jewels of ice crystals.
Frost Queens live in the snowy wilderness, often in forests, where they can ponder the quiet turnings of seasons, but in rare moments, they seek something other than solitude, and seek the companionship of their friends, the Frostlings.


[Bioperl-l] Bio::LocatableSeq end checking inconsistency
Jun Yin jun.yin at ucd.ie
Fri Aug 13 09:36:34 EDT 2010
Hi, all,
I am the google summer of code student working on Bio::Align subsystem
refactoring. The code (Bio::SimpleAlign) I re-implemented now has passed
nearly all the test, except a few tests on seq/start-end testing. But here
comes a problem. This may be an old issue, that the Bio::LocatableSeq end
assignment and checking are inconsistent.
The current end checking method is based on:
However, this checking may not fit the real world case.
The inconsistency usually happens when a few columns of the sequence are
For example:
my $a = Bio::LocatableSeq->new(
 -id => 'a',
 -strand => 1,
 -seq => '-tcgatc-atcgatcg',
 -start => 30,
 -end => 43
If we remove the 1st, 8th and the last columns
$a->seq() will be 'tcgatcatcgatc'
Actually, in the real world, the first residue will still be 30 (the old
$seq->start), and the last residue is the residue before the 43 (the old
$seq->end), thus 42.
But if you call a validation, the calculation is
So the reassignment of the $seq->end will not pass the validation.
So unless you save the information to a new sequence object, the original
position information will be lost anyway. But in some cases, we have to
change the sequence in its original sequence object..
What is your suggestion on this issue?
A. pass the test and lose the information _TAG_ in coding but the
start-end annotation is not right any more
B. keep the information and forget the test _TAG_ object will still
remember where the last residue was in the original sequence. But is it
really meaningful at all? Because all the other residues may come from
C. Neither of above _TAG_ other suggestions?
Jun Yin
Ph.D. student in U.C.D.
Bioinformatics Laboratory
Conway Institute
University College Dublin
More information about the Bioperl-l mailing list


CRT Logo
Welcome to Cambridge Refrigeration Technology
ICCT - Mission Statement
Mission Statement
To achieve effective coordination of technical developments within the environment in order to ensure consistent and cost effective management of temperature sensitive cargo.
 - To guide market developments in order to encourage greater coordination of goals and harmonisation of development timescales through a process of education and awareness.
 - To coordinate the application of existing standards and codes of practice and define best safe practice.
 - To advance technical ideas which will give input to the design construction and installation of equipment and in turn develop coordinated performance criteria.
 - To increase awareness of effective environmental measures.
Terms of Reference
 1. Identify each component in the cold chain from harvest to retail sale.
 2. Identify/determine future trends within each component sector of the cold chain.
 3. Through analysis determine the initial technical factors which are common to a range of sectors and which, if co-ordinated, would enable improvements to be identified and for new technology to be trialled across sectors in a comprehensive manner.
 4. Identify barriers (technical, legislative, commercial or environmental) which prevent the successful co-ordination of the cold chain.
 5. Identify and promote best safe practice position assuming that within reason barriers could be removed or their impact restricted.
 6. Identify of arguments that could be exploited in order to influence relevant national or international authorities with the objective of tackling the barrier identified.
 7. Identify and summarise all significant international research in areas relevant to ICCT and if appropriate commission further research. The results of this work should be communicated widely within ICCT.
 8. For ICCT to achieve, its potential members must be prepared to take on the identity of ICCT and where possible and appropriate suspend corporate standpoints.
related information
Cambridge Refrigeration Technology Contact Details


text:
- Family: Cyprinidae (Minnows and Carps)
- Other Names: Mirror carp, leather carp, koi
- Ohio Status: Introduced
- Adult Size: Typically 15-30 inches, can reach over 40 inches. Usually weighs 5-10 pounds, can reach 50-60 pounds.
- Typical Foods: Will eat a wide variety of items including, insect larvae, crustaceans, mollusks, some aquatic plants, fish eggs, and even small fish.
The common carp can be easily identified by several features. First, there are two barbels on each side of the mouth. No other species that closely resembles the carp has these barbels. Second, the dorsal and anal fins have spines at the front edge of the fins that are serrated. Most carp are bronze-gold to golden yellow on the sides and yellowish white on the belly. Partially scaled or scaleless individuals are frequently caught by fishermen: these are known as "half-scaled," "mirror" or "leather" carp. Also brightly colored common carp are known as "koi" and are often sold as ornamental fish for garden ponds. Common carp differ from goldfish by having the two sets of barbels and by having a dark spot at the base of each scale.
Habitat and Habits
Carp prefer warm lakes, streams, ponds and sloughs with a lot of organic matter. They do not multiply readily in clear, cold water. They are tolerant of very poor water quality. They root around on the bottom while feeding often uprooting vegetation and making the water very turbid (murky).
Reproduction and Care of the Young
Spawning begins in late April and continues into June. Large females lay between 100,000 and 500,000 eggs in vegetation with water depths between one and four feet. Young carp remain in these vegetated areas until they are three to four inches in length and eat primarily small crustaceans.


text:
Noun(1) shedding of flowers and leaves and fruit following formation of scar tissue in a plant(2) the act of cutting something off
(1) They produce numerous biological effects including promotion of leaf senescence and abscission, stomatal closure, inhibition of root growth, and germination of non-dormant seeds.(2) Ethylene is involved in many biological processes, like fruit ripening, flower and leaf abscission, senescence, many stress acclimations, and growth.(3) In the absence of water deficit, leaf water potential changes very little, or not at all, during senescence in species where the life span of leaves is terminated by abscission, as in soybeans and other dicots.(4) By contrast, drought hastens ripening and seed maturation for tomato and reduces fruit abscission for lychee trees.(5) leaf abscission in trees(6) The presence and balance of plant hormones have been shown to affect abscission of leaves, flowers, and immature and mature fruit.(7) abscission layer
1. cutting off ::
English to Gujarati Dictionary: abscission
Meaning and definitions of abscission, translation in Gujarati language for abscission with similar and opposite words. Also find spoken pronunciation of abscission in Gujarati and in English language.
Tags for the entry "abscission"
What abscission means in Gujarati, abscission meaning in Gujarati, abscission definition, examples and pronunciation of abscission in Gujarati language.