What is the White Staining on My Chimney?
Many homeowners just assume that this white discoloration is simply a sign of aging on a chimney. Nothing could be farther from the truth the white residue called efflorescence is actually a symptom of water leaking into your chimney system. This condition if left unchecked will cause premature aging and deterioration of the chimney structure for sure. Water and moisture are the biggest enemies of the structural integrity of your chimney.
What is Efflorescence?
Efflorescence forms from soluble-solutions moving through masonry material and evaporating on the other side, leaving behind the salt residue. It then becomes a white crystallized or powdery substance found on the exterior of stone, block, or brick masonry. The substance forms as a result of excess water in the structure that after crystallizing takes on a fluffy or fuzzy form and coats the exterior of the stone over time.
The efflorescence is formed when problems occur with the chimney masonry which lets in excess water to the structure. This could include chimney material cracks, a chimney that has not been properly sealed or is missing a cap or other sealant. This defect allows rain water to seep into the brick or stone walls. As water moves through the wall, it dissolves salt particles naturally present in the masonry along the way. The water will then evaporate through the outside wall and leave behind the salt residue on the surface. These salt deposits create the white residue left on the chimney surface. While the salt deposits themselves are mostly an aesthetic problem and will not cause structural damage, they are a tell tale sign of excess water present within the structure. The visible salt residue is a sure sign of water leaking into the stone structure and if left alone, can cause serious damage to the structure. While the white salt on the surface is relatively easy to remove compared to other stains, further investigation must be done to stop the water leak at the origin before substantial damage to the structure is done.
3 Conditions Needed for Efflorescence to Exist
Without each of the following conditions, efflorescence will not occur.
1. Soluble-salts present within the masonry structure
2. Enough moisture to create a soluble-solution from the salts
3. A means for the salt to travel through the structure in order to evaporate on the exterior and leave behind the resulting crystallized efflorescence
Brown, Green, or Yellow Efflorescence
The most common form of efflorescence is the white powdery residue, but it can come in brown, green or yellow as well. The color of the stains depends on the types of salt found within the structure wall. Crystalline deposits from over twenty different compounds have been found on masonry walls. Efflorescence producing salts typically come from sulfates of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sometimes iron. The various colors come from different minerals. For example, molybdenum, magnesium compounds, and vanadium sometimes create a greenish colored stain. Manganese compounds can also create a brownish stain at times.
Protect Your Home from Efflorescence before it Appears
The best way to take care of efflorescence is to never get it! It is difficult to guarantee efflorescence will not later develop when building a chimney, but there are ways to lessen the chances of its occurrence. By taking away any one of the 3 conditions listed above, efflorescence will likely not take place. The most straight forward way to reduce the appearance of efflorescence is to use materials in the building process that do not contain large amounts of soluble salts, or those that contain low alkali. Proper drainage away from the structure will also serve to prevent efflorescence from occurring. Eliminating the source of the moisture will not allow the soluble-solution to form in the first place. Otherwise, brick sealants in the building process and before efflorescence has begun will prevent the deposits as well.
The Dangers Associated with Efflorescence
If you see white stains on the outside of your chimney above the roof, you can be sure this condition is flowing down into the attic as well. Adding moisture into the attic where the wood meets the brick creates mold and rot.
Efflorescence is not mold, although it is often mistaken for it. But the two household pests do have some common traits; both are caused by excess water. The wet conditions associated with efflorescence mean that the ideal climate for mold and other moisture related problems are present. Therefore, mold is commonly found along with efflorescence on the interior of the structure. Along with the removal of the white composites left behind from the efflorescence, the building where efflorescence is found should also be inspected for problem mold, allergens, and bacteria. Surfaces that contain organic material should also be closely examined. These include materials such as wood, painted surfaces, carpet, insulation and padding.
Most of the time harsh rain and winds will remove outdoor efflorescence on its own with normal weathering. And if this is not the case, or if the efflorescence is indoors, these deposits are relatively easy to wash off by hand (see the DIY guide below), but the problem will continue to reappear if the leak is not fixed at the source. The crack or missing part that let the water into the structure must be found and if there is not a place like this, the brick must be sealed so that moisture does not continue to permeate the stone.
To find the source of the excess moisture being let in, begin at the top of the chimney working your way down while looking for missing mortar, cracks, missing caps, bad flashing and anything else that looks in need of repair. If there are no obvious problems, then the excess moisture is most likely seeping in through the brick and the brick will then have to be sealed once the current efflorescence has been removed. Brick does not act like a wall against moisture, the material acts like a sponge so further protection may be necessary.
DIY Efflorescence Cleaning
When the weather outdoors does not take care of much of the unsightly white residue of the efflorescence, the underlying problem is still present and the stains will reoccur. If you have a severe case of efflorescence deposits on your hands, there are DIY instructions on several websites detailing the use of muriatic acid (very harsh chemical) diluted with water to remove the white stain coating from your chimney walls. There are also premixed solutions available for do-it-yourselfers to clean stained brick.
A chimney professional should inspect any chimney that has efflorescence to determine the extent of damage caused from the moisture that has been allowed to enter the brick and mortar. If the damage is minimal, the chimney may be able to be cleaned and then coated with a water resistant sealant to the protect the chimney. These waterproofing sealants provide an increased barrier against moisture, but are not a permanent solution especially if the condition has already damaged the brick and mortar.
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Advanced Technician Bus and Coach
The minimum entry requirement is a 3 years industrial experience OR a Level 3 S/NVQ (or equivalent qualification) plus at least one year's experience in a relevant industrial environment.
In order to achieve an irtec licence, a technician must successfully complete both the theory (Under Pinning Knowledge) test, and a series of practical assessments at an irtec-approved assessment centre.
The practical assessments in the Advanced Technician licence are as follows:
 1. Engine Electrical Systems
 2. Mechanical Systems
 3. Braking Systems
 4. Chassis Systems
 5. Electrical Systems
Once candidates have passed the Under Pinning Knowledge (UPK) theory test, they have 12 months in which to successfully complete all the practical assessmets.
Click to download the full overview for this route.


Mobility Investigate
Finding Links and Initiators: A Graph-Reconstruction Problem
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Executive Summary
Analyzing 0-1 matrices is one of the main themes in data mining. Techniques such as clustering or mixture modelling, matrix decomposition techniques such as PCA, ICA, and NMR, and Bayesian all aim to give an answer to the informal question: "Where does the matrix come from?" These approaches aim at describing a probabilistic generative model that describes the observed matrix well. This paper considers yet another way of answering the question "Where does a 0{1 matrix M come from?" In the model, the matrix M of size n? m is considered to arise from initiators, certain few entries that are initially 1.
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Cannabis Analysis Cannabis Under (Moisture) Control
The determination of moisture in cured cannabis is an indicator of microbial contamination, a key variable used to calculate other constituent results on a dry basis and required for the pressing process of extracting CBD oil from cannabis. Thermogravimetric moisture determination can provide valuable services here.
Moisture determination in plant and food products plays a vital role as a basic parameter for the analysis in a modern laboratory. As an example, the determination of moisture in cured cannabis is discussed here. Besides being an indicator of microbial contamination, it is a key variable used to calculate other constituent results on a dry basis. Additionally, determination of moisture content of cannabis is also required for the pressing process of extracting CBD oil from cannabis. Measurement of moisture using a gravimetric oven drying technique is difficult due to the influence of constituent properties of cannabis including, but not limited to, terpenes, cannabidiols, and THC, which may have low temperature volatility or sublimation.
According to many standards, the moisture content in plants is determined as LOD (Loss on drying) which is performed at temperatures of 105° C. There is a threat that oven drying of plant matter may result in thermal decomposition of the plant tissue resulting in a false high value for moisture content when higher temperatures (such as 105 °C) are used. Importantly a false high value for moisture determination will yield a false high value for any subsequent analytical determination. As a result, it is very important that the proper temperature for moisture determination is selected. In addition, LOD incorporates all the components lost for a given set of conditions, including moisture and the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are the result of thermal decomposition or sublimation.
The TGM800 is a thermogravimetric moisture determinator designed to indirectly determine moisture content of materials using a mass loss-on-drying technique. Mass loss of the sample is measured as a function of the oven temperature by controlling the atmosphere and ventilation rate. The instrument consists of a computer, an integrated four-place balance, and a multiple sample oven that allows up to 16 samples to be analyzed simultaneously with a maximum temperature of 175 °C.
Some key features:
- Supports 1.5 in diameter aluminum foil crucibles.
- Supports 2.4 in diameter aluminum foil crucibles.
- Analysis can be performed in air or nitrogen atmosphere.
- Automated crucible and sample mass recording
- Optional fixed time or constancy method parameters.
Moisture determination in cannabis can be a critical factor in expressing accurate analytical results for other constituents on a dry basis. However, due to the presence of low temperature VOCs, obtaining a true moisture value becomes more complicated. Utilizing a special water/carbon determinator (Leco RC612) water can be determined directly and simultaneously with carbon allowing for the comparison of moisture and evolved VOCs. The Leco RC612 is able to perform the analysis at multiple temperatures, starting at a lower temperature and ramping to a higher temperature. This allows for the determination of the proper temperature to optimize moisture determination and minimize VOC evolution.
The data presented in Figure 3 illustrates that the evolution of carbon attributed to VOCs at 80 °C is minimal compared to the carbon at 105 °C for both recreational cannabis and hemp. The water peak at 105 °C is attributed to hydrogen in the VOCs combusting to form water as the water peak coincides with the carbon peak. These plots indicate that the determination of moisture at 80 °C represents a closer approximation to the true moisture content of cannabis.
The dry (cured) cannabis samples were ground using a hand tobacco grinder, and a knife mill was utilized for the wet (uncured) samples. The wet samples were prepared immediately prior to analysis to minimize moisture loss during sample preparation. The following table display the results from the Leco TGM800 determining moisture at 80 °C and 105 °C until constant mass is obtained.
From the methodology and subsequent information obtained for the analysis of cannabis on the Leco RC612, a precise, close approximation of the true moisture in cannabis flower and plant tissue may be obtained using thermogravimetric analysis. Analysis of cannabis above 80 °C results in the evolution and decomposition of VOCs contributing to a high moisture bias as shown in the data table above. The Leco TGM800 is able to analyze up to 16 samples simultaneously, resulting in high throughput with accurate and repeatable results. Furthermore, utilizing the TGM800 mass constancy option the analysis time is reduced from five hours, as stated in standard methods, to approximately two hours.
The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that moisture determination in plant material can be performed using a modern thermogravimetric determinator, such as the Leco TGM800.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Bringing Them Home name index – Fact sheet 175
The National Archives of Australia holds many records that contain information about Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and their history. The Archives has created an index of names that appear in the most relevant of these records in response to the recommendations of Bringing Them Home, the report of the National Inquiry into the Separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children from Their Families, released in 1997.
The Bringing Them Home (BTH) name index aims to help Indigenous people find information about themselves, their families and their country. The index contains:
- names of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people
- names of non-Indigenous people related to or associated with Indigenous people
- names of missions and institutions where Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people were placed
- places where Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people have lived or visited
The index does not contain information about the people named. To see this information you will need to view the original records (files, papers and photographs) or photocopies of them.
Requesting a search of the BTH name index
On request, National Archives reference staff will search the index for you. To assist us to undertake a thorough search, it helps if you provide as many details as possible, including:
- name of the person you are researching – this includes any variations in the spelling of given names, nicknames, forgotten names, or Indigenous names
- family connections – the names of any siblings, children or other relatives
- language group, country or homeland – which were sometimes used to identify people
- place – where the person was born, lived, worked, or was sent to
- date of birth, age at events, or date of death of the person
- date ranges – year or period the person was in a certain place or area, such as the period they worked on a particular cattle station
- significant events that may have occurred in the person's life, such as being evacuated because of natural disaster or war
You may not be able to supply all of these details about the person you are seeking but, the more information you provide, the easier it will be for us to determine if there are references to the person or family you are researching in the Archives' holdings.
You can ask for the BTH name index to be searched by contacting the Archives' National Reference Service:
National Reference Service
National Archives of Australia
PO Box 7425
CANBERRA BC ACT 2610
Using information from the BTH name index to find records
If a search of the name index locates entries relating to the person you are researching, we will send you a list of the names found in the index. You will then be able to:
- ask for photocopies of the pages of the original records that mention the name, or
- view the records in the National Archives reading room of the office in which they are held
Reference officers will be able to advise you where the records are located.
In some instances the records may contain distressing or offensive information. The records were created many years ago and are written in the language of the day. Some personally sensitive information in the records is withheld from general access under the provisions of the Archives Act 1983.
If the reason for seeking access is to obtain information for the purpose of re-establishing family and community links, under the Memoranda of Understanding between the Archives and Northern Territory, Victorian and South Australian Indigenous communities you may look at information normally restricted from public access.
Record holdings on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people
The BTH name index is not the only information resource available to researchers of Indigenous family history.
While most government records relating to Aboriginal affairs before 1970 were created and maintained by state governments, the National Archives holds large quantities of records relevant to Northern Territory and Victorian Indigenous people.
A number of fact sheets and guides to the Archives' records on Indigenous people are available.
The Victorian Koorie Records Taskforce, in association with the Public Record Office of Victoria, has developed 'Finding your story' website.


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Check Balance selects nested expressions (for example, parenthesized) outward from the insertion point.
To select a nested expression, select anywhere within the expression by clicking. Choose Check Balance, and click to expand the selection out to the next set of enclosed parentheses, brackets, or braces.
Each time you choose Check Balance, Mathematica expands the selection in both directions until it finds pairs of matching parentheses, brackets, or braces. Repeating the command expands the selection one level at a time.
You can use the Check Balance command to check the structure of mathematical expressions. For example, if you have unbalanced parentheses or parentheses incorrectly balanced with brackets or braces, Mathematica beeps. Choose Help ► Why the Beep? to identify the mistake. If you position the insertion point inside a bracketed expression and choose Check Balance, Mathematica should select the whole expression. If not, you have a missing bracket somewhere.
Mathematica cannot balance a selection that spans more than one cell.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Acknowledge the effort of your dad with our Astronaut Hello Superhero Balloons Bouquet. As it is unable to measure and explain the amount of effort needed to raise and take care of the family, just like how we get inspired by the first Astronaut who ever walked on the moon.
The Astronaut Superhero Balloons Bouquet consists of 2 balloons in a cluster:
- 1pc 37" Adorable Astronaut Foil Balloon
- 1pc 18" Personalised Name Blue Colored Crystal Clearz Bubble Balloon
Material: Mylar Foil and Superior quality stretchy plastic/poly film; Manufactured by USA Brand
The Astronaut Superhero Balloons Bouquet is
(1) Helium Gas Filled (Floating Time: approx 24 hours);
- Floating time in air: Approximately 24 Hours for Adorable Astronaut Foil Balloon, depending on weather condition/temperature and how balloons are being handled and transported
- Floating time in air: Approximately 3days for Personalised Name Blue Colored Crystal Clearz Bubble Balloon, depending on weather condition/temperature and how balloons are being handled and transported
- Approximately 1.8 meter in total height, Balloons will be tied in cluster.
- Attached to a balloon weight (for balloon to stay grounded)
Warning: Adult supervision is required as uninflated balloons can be a choking hazard. Keep uninflated balloons out of reach from children and discard broken balloons. Do not inhale helium gas at all time, it can be a health hazard.
Disclaimer: Product photos are for illustrative purposes only. Actual colors may vary from the product photos, and may also vary from the PC/Mobile/Tablet's screen due to monitor color restrictions.


Help! My Cat Gets Carsick!
It's not for the reason you'd think 🤢
cat gets carsick
Being carsick is no fun for you, and it's especially not fun for your cat.
It's heartbreaking to see your cat get queasy in the car (especially if you've been there too and can feel his pain).
The Dodo spoke with Dr. Tom Elston, cat specialist and owner of T.H.E. Cat Hospital in California, who explained why cats get carsick and how you can help.
Cats and carsickness
"Like people, cats can get carsick too," Dr. Elston told The Dodo. "Carsickness is a form of motion sickness, much like we experience when in a car, on a boat, or up in a plane."
But rather than getting nauseous from the speed of the car or bumps in the road like people do, a cat's motion sickness is actually a result of stress or anxiety.
This is because cats don't usually ride around in the car very often, so probably they aren't used to it the way dogs are.
Not to mention, cats often associate car rides with going to the vet, which can be a source of anxiety for them.
Signs of carsickness
"The most common symptom of motion sickness in cats is vomiting, but it may be combined with peeing or pooping in their carrier if they're particularly anxious," Dr. Elston explained.
Other signs include:
 - Vocalization
 - Restlessness
 - Drooling
 - Licking lips
 - Lethargy
What to do
Since travel sickness in cats is rooted in anxiety, the first thing you should do is contact your vet.
"Depending on your cat's needs, your vet may be able to prescribe medications to help with anxiety or nausea, and can provide more specific recommendations based on your cat's age, health, and temperament," Dr. Elston said.
There are also some over-the-counter items you can try to supplement your vet's treatment plan.
Like this Feliway calming travel spray from Chewy for $13.99
In addition to treatment recommended by your vet, you should also try to get your cat more comfortable with his carrier.
If he thinks of it as a safe space, traveling inside it could help ease his anxiety.
You can do this by leaving it out at home so he gets used to hanging out in it, or even filling it with some of his favorite treats so he knows it's a place where good things happen.
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Automatically update and restart node applications when you push to GIT.
TF Monitor (Work in Progress)
Note: TF Monitor, at this point, isn't being written with Windows in mind. Only Linux and Mac OS. Also, we expect your system to have git, cron and node installed in the default locations.
TF Monitor automatically restarts node applications when they crash or any file in their directory changes. In the future you will be able to:
 - specify an application to launch on bootup
 - automatically update and restart your app whenever you push to GIT
npm install -g tfmonitor
Use sudo if necessary.
TF Monitor uses a file called Procfile placed in your project folder to launch your application. This file should contain one or more lines that:
 - start with a name followed by a colon
 - after the colon is the command to start your application
See the "Launch Application" section for example.
A package.json file with a valid name is also required.
Run the following from your applications root folder:
tfmonitor start web
Or, if you want to run tfmonitor in the foreground so you can use ctrl-c to stop it use:
tfmonitor start web --foreground
You may also enable logging for this command with the --log command line parameter. This is useful if you want to know when your application restarts or you want to see any errors thrown by TF Monitor (the software is still early in development, so don't rely on it in a production environment).
Your Procfile for this example should look like:
web: node myapp.js
tfmonitor stop web
Where web is the command name in your Procfile.
tfmonitor register web
Note that your application will start on boot without using tfmonitor for restarting... This will change soon.
tfmonitor unregister web
tfmonitor list
This will return a list of running applications each with a pid and name. Note that the pid is for the tfmonitor process that is monitoring your appliction and not your application itself. If you kill this process it will not automatically restart like your application will.
First, make sure your application is fully setup to work with GIT. Try a git pull from your apps root directory.
Once this is working simply add -git to your start or register command like so:
tfmonitor register web -git
This will do a git pull once per hour. The advantage of this is your computer can be behind a firewall with no exposed ports.
The following features are not yet implemented. This defines how we plan to make them work in the future!
If your computer is not behind a firewall, or you have the ability to open ports, the better way to setup git is to use a "hook". Your hook should point to:
Then use our -githook [port] command like in the following example:
tfmonitor register web -githook 8989
Note that tfmonitor will run a small web service on your chosen port and that the application tfmonitor runs cannot use the same port.


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Skip to Main Content
Hybrid nanoelectronics are emerging as one viable option to sustain the Moorepsilas Law after the CMOS scaling limit is reached. One main design challenge in hybrid nanoelectronics is the interface (named as demux) between the highly dense nanowires in nanodevice crossbars and relatively coarse microwires in CMOS domain. The prior work on demux design use a single type of devices to realize the demultiplexing function, but hardly provides a satisfactory solution. This work proposes to combine resistor with FET to implement the demux, leading to the so-called hybrid resistor/FET-logic demux. Such hybrid demux architecture can make these two types of devices well complement each other to improve the overall demux design effectiveness. Furthermore, the effects of resistor conductance variability are analyzed and evaluated based on computer simulations.
Date of Conference: 7-10 Oct. 2007


text:
Comparison of three commercial drain tiles in a heavy clay soil of Imperial Valley
F. E. Robinson, University of California
J. N. Luthin, University of California
California Agriculture 22(8):10-11. DOI: 10.3733/ca.v022n08p10.
Frank E. Robinson is Assistant Water Scientist, Department of Water Science and Engineering, University of California, Davis. James N. Luthin is Professor of Irrigation and Civil Engineering, Department of Water Science and Engineering, University of California, Davis.
No evidence was found in these tests of real differences in performance between clay, concrete, or bituminous-fiber tiles. Differences in tile outflow were due primarily to soil variation and not to tile performance. Little actual change in salinity resulted from the leaching operation in the body of soil between the tiles. In most cases as much, and often more, water was lost through seepage as was removed by the tile. Much of the water which moved through the soil followed the disturbed trench above the tile, as evidenced by the much lower salinity in that trench. Electrical conductivity of the tile effluent was inversely related to both rate and duration of tile flow. Each tile showed a unique relationship between electrical conductivity, rate, and duration of flow—probably a reflection of a unique combination of hydraulic conductivities along each tile line.


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Researchers from the University of the Philippines – Los Banos (UPLB) found that sweet sorghum, a grain commonly used in the production of molasses, can be a healthier substitute to regular coffee beans.
In the study titled the "Acceptability, nutritional, and potential health values of sweet sorghum coffee substitute," the researchers ran sampling tests by roasting the grain and brewing it at different temperatures.
They found that roasting the grains for 50 to 70 minutes at approximately 226 degrees Celsius and brewing them for three minutes produced the most acceptable sample, comparing the coffee's taste and aroma to that of rice coffee.
Other coffee substitutes used in the Philippines are corn, ampalaya, and soy.
The stem of the sweet sorghum is usually used to produce molasses, and its leaves are used as food for animals.
The United States is the world's leading exporter of the grain, accounting for almost 75 percent of the global trade.
In the Philippines, sweet sorghum has been utilized as a source of bio-fuel.
Although not popularly cultivated in the country, the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), an India-based agricultural research organization, identified the North Luzon Super Region (Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR), Ilocos, Cagayan Valley, and Central Luzon) as a suitable location for sorghum cultivation.
The researchers also said that drinking sweet sorghum coffee may help in preventing neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, and serious diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases.
"SSCS [Sweet Sorghum Coffee Substitute] could be a potential health and nutritious beverage as its powder contains carbohydrates, protein, essential fatty acids, dietary fiber, and is low in fat, particularly saturated fat. Moreover, the SSCS powder contains phytochemicals contributing to its high antioxidant activity. These findings suggest that consumption SSCS may help in preventing diseases in which free radical production plays a key role," they said.


Data Acquisition Toolbox
Measuring a Noise Floor Using Custom Trigger Conditions
This example shows how to find and acquire a period of at least 2 seconds of relative quiet that occurs between two signals. This would be useful for applications that need to measure a noise floor and calculate a signal-to-noise ratio.
For this example we will show how to initiate a software trigger when using a custom set of conditions that is more complex than the standard values provided by the TriggerCondition property of Data Acquisition Toolbox™ objects.
Note: This can only be run using the 32-bit version of MATLAB® and Data Acquisition Toolbox™. To learn more about using data acquisition devices on other platforms, see this example.
First, find any running data acquisition objects and stop them. This stops all running data acquisition objects from interfering with this example. This code is usually not necessary outside this example unless there are multiple data acquisition objects running.
if (~isempty(daqfind))
Create the Analog Input Object
Before acquiring any data, we must create an analog input object and specify the channels from which to acquire data.
When executing the following code, you may need to modify it to match your acquisition hardware.
% Create the analog input object and specify the
% channel that data should be collected from.
ai = analoginput('winsound');
addchannel(ai, 1);
Define Trigger Condition Information
We must initialize a MATLAB® structure with the information needed to determine when the custom trigger condition has been met. We look for
 - A signal
 - At least 2 seconds of quiet
% Signal is defined as greater than 0.15 volts.
extraData.signalVoltage = 0.15;
extraData.signalFound = false;
% Quiet is defined as less than 0.04 volts.
extraData.quietVoltage = 0.04;
extraData.secondsOfQuietNeeded = 2;
extraData.secondsOfQuietFound = 0;
extraData.quietFound = false;
We store this information in the UserData property so that it can be accessed and modified by the timer callback.
set(ai, 'UserData', extraData);
Configure the Timer Callback
We use the TimerFcn and TimerPeriod properties to call a MATLAB function at regular intervals while the acquisition is running. We use this timer callback function to examine the incoming data to see if the trigger condition has been met.
NOTE: The timer callback function is shown at the end of this example.
% Make timer period 1/10 of our quiet period.
timerPeriod = extraData.secondsOfQuietNeeded/10;
set(ai, 'TimerFcn', _USER_);
set(ai, 'TimerPeriod', timerPeriod);
Configure the Trigger Properties
We use a manual trigger and configure the object to acquire the data during the quiet period.
By setting the TriggerType property to'manual', data logging will not begin until the trigger function is executed. The timer callback will execute the trigger when the correct conditions have been met.
In addition, we set the TriggerDelay property to a negative value to indicate that we want to log the quiet period data that occurred before the trigger was executed.
set(ai, 'TriggerType','manual');
set(ai, 'TriggerDelay', -extraData.secondsOfQuietNeeded);
set(ai, 'TriggerDelayUnits','seconds');
Configure the Amount of Data to Acquire
We set the SamplesPerTrigger property to indicate the maximum amount of data that the acquisition should log. However, the timer callback will stop the acquisition sooner, if it detects a second signal after the quiet period.
sampleRate = get(ai, 'SampleRate');
set(ai, 'SamplesPerTrigger', 10 * extraData.secondsOfQuietNeeded * sampleRate);
Start Acquisition
Now, we start the acquisition. After calling the start function, the object will be running, but no data logging will occur until the trigger function is executed. As the timer callback executes and evaluates the data, messages will be displayed indicating what has been detected.
 % Wait for trigger to occur and the acquisition to end.
 % Set the timeout to a sufficiently large value.
 wait(ai, 60 * extraData.secondsOfQuietNeeded);
 % If the acquisition ended successfully, plot the available data.
 samplesAvailable = get(ai,'SamplesAvailable');
 [data, time] = getdata(ai, samplesAvailable);
 % If the wait timed out, we end up here.
 % Display a message and stop the acquisition.
 disp(sprintf('Could not find quiet period of %d seconds.',...
Warning: The number of samples requested is not available.
The number of samples returned will be reduced.
First signal found. Waiting for quiet period of 2 seconds.
Quiet period found. Logging started.
Clean Up
When finished, we delete the object and clear the variable from the workspace to free system resources.
clear ai;
The Timer Callback Function
We use the timer callback function to examine the incoming data to see if our trigger condition has been met. When our trigger condition has been met, the trigger function is called to start logging.
type TimerCallback;
% The Data Acquisition Toolbox calls the timer callback function with the
% object and event.
function TimerCallback(ai,event)
% First, we get the information needed to evaluate the trigger condition.
extraData = get(ai, 'UserData');
timerPeriod = get(ai,'TimerPeriod');
sampleRate = get(ai,'SampleRate');
% Then, we look at the data received during the last timer period.
sampleData = peekdata(ai, timerPeriod * sampleRate);
maxValue = max(sampleData);
minValue = min(sampleData);
% Next, we analyze the data received and look for our trigger condition.
% If we have not found the first signal, look for it.
if ( ~extraData.signalFound )
 if ( maxValue > extraData.signalVoltage || minValue < -extraData.signalVoltage )
 % The first signal has been found.
 extraData.signalFound = true;
 fprintf('First signal found. Waiting for quiet period of %d seconds.\n',...
% If a signal has been found, we look for the desired period of quiet.
elseif ( ~extraData.quietFound )
 if ( minValue > -extraData.quietVoltage && maxValue < extraData.quietVoltage )
 % Increment the seconds of quiet that we have seen.
 extraData.secondsOfQuietFound = extraData.secondsOfQuietFound + timerPeriod;
 if extraData.secondsOfQuietFound >= extraData.secondsOfQuietNeeded
 % When the desired quiet period is found, we execute the trigger.
 extraData.quietFound = true;
 disp('Quiet period found. Logging started.');
 % No longer quiet. Reset the seconds of quiet that we have seen.
 extraData.secondsOfQuietFound = 0;
% If the quiet period has been found, look for the second signal.
 if ( maxValue > extraData.signalVoltage || minValue < -extraData.signalVoltage )
 % When the second signal is found, we stop the acquisition.
 disp('Second signal found. Acquisition stopped.');
% Finally, we save the updated information to the UserData property so
% that it will be available for the next execution of the timer callback
% function.
set(ai, 'UserData', extraData);


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Suppose $h_1$ is collision resistant, and $h_2$ isn't.
Will $h(x)=h_2(h_1(x))$ always be collision resistant?
[Edited:] the output of h2 must be uniformly distributed
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Not always, but in practice it will often be even for relatively weak hashes $h_2$. The most important property required of $h_2$ is that preserves at least $2n$ bits of entropy, where $n$ is the target security level. (even that's not sufficient in pathological cases) – CodesInChaos Dec 3 '13 at 13:07
"Uniformly distributed" over what? $f(x)=0$ is uniformly distributed over its image of $\{0\}$. – figlesquidge Dec 3 '13 at 13:24
2 Answers 2
Obviously not. For example, the function $h2(x) = 0$ is not collision resistant, $h2(h1(x))$ shares that property.
This remains true even in less trivial cases; if $h2$ is not collision resistant because its output is too short (it has an $n$-bit output, with $2^{n/2}$ being small enough to do a search over), then $h2(h1(x))$ will also be too short
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Ironically, $H_2(x)$ is collision resistant if you assume the appropriate security claim for the output domain: $1$. – orlp Dec 3 '13 at 15:38
Will they always be collision resistant? No
For example, let $h_2(x)=0$. Then, $h(x)=h_2(h_1(x))=0$, which certainly isn't collision resistant.
Can it be collision resistant? Yes
For example, suppose we define $h_1(x)=\mathrm{SHA256}(x)$ and
$$ h_2(x)=\begin{cases} 0 & |x|=1 \\ \mathrm{SHA256}(x) & \mathrm{else} \end{cases} $$
Then, since the output of $|h_1(x)|=256$, the composition will leave: $$h(x)=\mathrm{SHA256}(\mathrm{SHA256}(x))$$ Which is believed to be collision resistant from the collision resistance of Sha256.
But what if $h_2$ is uniformly distributed across a'sensible' codomain? As before
I add the requirement that it must be uniformly distributed across a sensible codomain since I assume this clarification wishes to prohibit hash functions for which the target space is too small to possibly be secure)
We can trivially create two examples that demonstrate the above properties. Let $W=\{0,1\}^{256}$. Then, as before let $h_1$ be a cryptographically secure hash function, with $h_1 \colon \{0,1\}^* \to W$ (eg SHA256 as above). Define $h_2(x) = h_1(\mathrm{MSB_{256}}(x))$.
Then $h_2$ is not collision resistant (since for any $x\in W$ and $y\in\{0,1\}^*$ we have $h_2(x)=h_2(x||y)$), but as before $h(x)=h_1(h_1((x))$.
Defining $h_2(x) = h_1(\mathrm{LSB_{256}}(\mathrm{MSB}_{512}(x))$ (ie we extract bits 256->511) we get the composition $h(x)=0$ which is not collision resistant.
A slight issue here might be justifying $h_2$ is uniformly distributed, but this comes down to how you attach a distribution to the set of all random strings - ie the distribution taken by $\{0,1\}^*$
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text:
Picture of Dr. Stephen Babcock with his butterfat tester.
Dr. Stephen Babcock pictured with a butterfat tester
Dr. Stephen Moulton Babcock (_PHONE_), a professor at the University of Wisconsin in Madison, invented a test in 1890 that permitted farmers to measure the fat content of their milk. This enabled them to systematically produce cream, butter, cheese, ice cream, and other dairy products that met specific market standards. He is shown in this photograph in the mid-1920's, with a butterfat tester.
Mining, Logging, and Agriculture|
The Rise of Dairy Farming
|Creator: ||Diemer, Melvin E.
|Pub Data: ||Original photograph in the visual materials collection of the Wisconsin Historical Society Archives.
|Citation: ||Diemer, Melvin E. Untitled photograph of Dr. Stephen Babock in the visual materials collection of the Wisconsin Historical Society Archives.
Online facsimile at:
Visited on: 5/25/2013


text:
CAPS Coolgardie is a Christ - centred learning community committed to fostering spiritual growth and advancing the scholastic and athletic gifts of each unique student for entry into tertiary institutions and the communities they will help build.
CAPS Coolgardie is situated 500km east Perth and 38km west of Kalgoorlie. The school was located in the old St Anthony's convent (established in 1902) and is now adjacent to the convent which was also used as the hostel until the new one was built in May 2005.
CAPS was born out of the frustration of many local Aboriginal people who felt that the existing systems of schooling where not adequate to meet the needs of their children. They further added that the standard of schooling that was being provided to Aboriginal students was very poor and that the teachers did not have confidence in the capacity of Aboriginal students to achieve high outcomes.
Many of the parents had been raised on Mount Margaret Mission and had achieved very high standards of education and so now held senior positions in business and government. They were frustrated therefore when they saw their children leaving school early and being unable to perform basic numeracy and literacy tasks.
In April 1980, a group of Aboriginal people formed a committee to investigate the possibility of forming an independent Aboriginal school that would emphasise high academic standards within a Christian context. They wanted to replicate the strengths of the Mount Margaret mission of the 1930s to 1960s.
CAPS Coolgardie was opened in 1981 under the principalship of Mr John Tyndall and stressed the principles of Christian education, remediation programs, extension of students according to their individual needs, success in numeracy and literacy, widening the knowledge and understandings of students, and fostering a strong social conscience, personal respect and leadership skills. Non-Aboriginal children were not excluded from enrolment at CAPS and the school has had a continual stream of non-Aboriginal children move through the school, especially in the primary section.
The school also emphasised learning as a life long process so that Aboriginal people would be able to make sound decisions in life in the future.
It aimed at linking education with employment and training and, while it stressed an academic approach, it also worked to develop a strong relationship with CAPS Wongutha as a VET training institution for appropriate Year 11 & 12 students.
The founding members of the School Board embraced the Christian faith and desired to see a Christian environment develop to surround their children during their education. This is because they saw the Christian faith as being the cornerstone to individual achievement.
In 2020, the essential principles enunciated in 1981 are still being promoted. These principles include;
Christianity being the cultural environment in which the school is situated,
Belief in the potential of indigenous students to achieve the highest levels in learning,
The need for the school to prepare students for training and employment,
Excellence in education with all students being offered learning opportunities that are tailored at their levels and needs while also being challenged.


text:
This job is no longer available
Job nr. WTVN01372
Job Title Instrument Inspector
Contact name Vinay Nalubala
Contact email _EMAIL_
Website address _URL_
Short job description
Instrument Inspector will coordinate closely with CONTRACTOR to minimize work interference due to engineering or construction quality problems.
Main job description
The responsibilities of Instrument Inspector position will include but are not limited to the following:
- Coordinate closely with CONTRACTOR to minimise work interference due to engineering or construction quality problems.
- Ensure that proper quality control techniques and procedures are established by the contractor. Ensure that quality control is carried out during the installation phase.
- Appraise the quality and performance of contractor's field personnel.
- Supervise and witness Megger Tests and Continuity checks for all cables.
- Supervise and witness tubing loop checks and leak tests.
- Monitor the contractor's efforts to verify that instrument material and equipment supplied meet the project specification.
- Ensure correct inventory and proper inspection records are maintained by contractor.
- Check to ensure adequate and proper inspection records are maintained by contractor.
- Participate in the resolution of quality problems as directed.
A major Oil and Gas Company operating in Middle East.
Location Basra, Iraq


text:
How to Add Keyboard Controls to Your Flappy Bat Game
Your Flappy Bat game project might seem just like a simple animation, but these next steps will transform your static project into an interactive game. Start by allowing the player to control the bat. Like that other flappy game, you will tap one key to make the bat move up a bit; use the spacebar because it is the largest key and can easily be tapped by righties or lefties.
Click the Player sprite and then click the Scripts tab.
Drag the following new blocks to the right of the other blocks already in the Scripts Area:
Click the Green Flag button to test your code.
Each time you tap the spacebar, the bat should move a bit higher, so the CHANGE Y block must have something to do with vertical movement. In Scratch, the vertical position of a sprite is represented by the Y value and the horizontal position is represented by the X value.
See how the shape of the WHEN KEY PRESSED block is the same as the WHEN GREEN FLAG CLICKED block? Each hat-shaped block represents an action, such as clicking the Green Flag button or pressing the spacebar. When the action occurs, the code snapped beneath its related hat-shaped block runs. If you want to use a different key to control the flapping, click Spacebar and drag down to a new keyboard key inside WHEN KEY PRESSED.


The Abdominal Plain FilmGasless vs FeaturelessThis is a featured page
Gasless and featureless abdominal plain films have a 'look of the abnormal'. This page examines the difference between gasless and featureless patterns and their significance.
A gasless abdominal plain film refers to an absence or minimum of gas in the gastrointestinal tract.
A featureless abdominal plain film is one in which there is little or no visualisation of the normal abdominal viscera.
The Gasless Abdominal Plain Film
Gas in the gastrointestinal tract can commonly accumulate from two sources. Firstly, gas in the stomach and small bowel can be ingested with food. Some patients habitually air swallow or may air-swallow when in pain. Gas in the large bowel can be endogenous, resulting from fermentation processes of faecal material.
An absence of gastrointestinal gas on abdominal plain film is not specifically abnormal (but is suspect). However, consideration should be given to the possibility of a gasless obstruction. Equally, a check of the patient history may reveal relevant information such as total colectomy.
-A gasless abdomen could indicate
-Patient is not an 'air-swallower'
-Mesenteric ischaemia
-Obstruction of the stomach or oesophagus
-Persistent vomiting from conditions such as pancreatitis or gastroenteritis
Stephen R. Baker
The Abdominal Plain Film
1990, p161
Normal Gasless Small Bowel
The Abdominal Plain FilmDifferentiating Large and Small Bowel - wikiRadiography This patient appears to have a gasless small bowel. Fluid-filled loops of small bowel are present but are never as well visualised as air-filled loops.
There is debate regarding what is a normal amount of small bowel gas. Gas enters the small bowel during eating and drinking. Some people habitually air-swallow while others air-swallow at times of stress or when they are in pain. If the patient is air-swallowing at a higher rate than the small bowel can absorb the air, it will be visualised in the bowel. Some texts will claim that up to seven fluid levels in the small bowel on an erect abdominal film can be normal. Most texts quote a more conservative figure (2 is common).
Don't confuse gasless with featureless. A featureless abdomen can be a result of tumour or ascites. This patient has a gasless rather than featureless abdomen. Note that the renal, liver, psoas muscles and urinary bladder outlines are visualised
Note also that this abdominal film is not guaranteed to be normal. It could represent an early gasless small bowel obstruction. Clinical correlation is required.
Gasless Small Bowel Obstruction
The Abdominal Plain FilmDifferentiating Large and Small Bowel - wikiRadiography You could be forgiven for thinking that this patient has been drinking dilute gastrografin. This appearance is a gasless small bowel obstruction and the opaque looking small bowel loops (white arrow) are filled with normal succus entericus, and/or ingested fluid, rather than gastrografin. If you compare this image with the gasless small bowel image above you can see that this small bowel is significantly more prominent.
There can be difficulty in distinguishing an early gasless small bowel obstruction from a normal appearance of the small bowel in someone who has just eaten a large meal.
Clinical correlation and follow-up imaging will usually provide confidence in the diagnosis.
The large bowel is not clearly visualised suggesting that it may be collapsed.
The Abdominal Plain Film in Clinical Context - wikiRadiography This patient has Crohn's disease and has had a previous colectomy. Note the absence of the large bowel. Note also a faint suggestion of a stoma in the left iliac fossa.
The Featureless Abdominal Plain Film
The Abdominal Plain FilmGasless vs Featureless - wikiRadiography This patient has prominent loops of gas-filled small and large bowel. The normal abdominal viscera are not demonstrated. Apart from the prominent bowel, the abdomen is featureless. The cause of this appearance is a large quantity of ascites. Note that the liver, spleen, kidneys, psoas and urinary bladder outlines are not seen. The reason that the bowel is somewhat centrally located is that it is floating in the ascites.
If you are suspicious that the patient has air-filled bowel floating in ascites, it can be useful to perform an erect or decubitus view. This left lateral decubitus view demonstrates that the air-filled bowel floats up to the right flank which is the least dependant part of the abdominal cavity in the left lateral decubitus position.
Note that this is not a "right decubitus"- The 'right' annotation refers to the right side of the abdomen and the "decubitus" annotation refers to the patient position.
The Abdominal Plain FilmGasless vs Featureless - wikiRadiography
The Abdominal Plain FilmGasless vs Featureless - wikiRadiography
This is more likely to be tumour than blood or ascites
Bowel loops look more like they are pushed down by tumour(s) rather than floating in fluid
Mass Effect
The Abdominal Plain FilmGasless vs Featureless - wikiRadiography
This patient has a rounded mass (arrowed) which appears to be displacing bowel. Note that the psoas shadows are preserved suggesting that the mass is not adjacent to the psoas muscles.
The Abdominal Plain FilmGasless vs Featureless - wikiRadiography
The CT abdomen shows the mass (arrowed) sited anterior to the psoas muscles.
BloodAAA
The Abdominal Plain FilmGasless vs Featureless - wikiRadiography
This patient presented to the Emergency Department with a known history of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA).
The aneurysmal abdominal aorta is visible (arrow) because of its calcified wall. The abdominal viscera are not well visualised. The psoas, renal and kidney outlines are not well demonstrated. This raises the question of whether the AAA is leaking blood into the peritoneal cavity.
BloodRuptured Viscus
The Abdominal Plain FilmGasless vs Featureless - wikiRadiography
This patient presented to the Emergency Department after a car accident. He looked pale. He had a falling blood pressure which stopped falling spontaneously (sign of retroperitoneal bleed with self-tamponade).
The supine abdominal plain film demonstrates a featureless pattern. There are no clearly defined psoas, kidneys or spleen. A CT abdominal scan revealed extensive laceration of his left kidney and spleen.
Artifact is external to patient
Gasless and featureless plain abdominal films often strike the observer as having an unusual appearance. It is useful to be able to distinguish between those images that are likely to be normal from those that are not. As with all abdominal plain film imaging, the appearance of the abdomen on plain film can have greater meaning when placed in the context of patient history, clinical presentation and other test results.
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Thermal energy storage (TES) using phase change materials (PCMs) is being widely considered as one of the alternative solutions for effective use of solar energy. This paper presents a multi-objective optimisation strategy for TES systems using PCMs for solar air systems, in which two performance indicators of average heat transfer effectiveness and effective PCM charging time were used as the conflicting objectives. The influence of the key design variables on the performance of an air-based PCM TES system was first experimentally investigated using Taguchi method, and the results were used to develop two performance models for optimisation. A genetic algorithm was used to search for an optimal Pareto front and a multi-criteria decision-making process was employed to determine the compromise optimal solutions. The results showed that the average heat transfer effectiveness of the PCM TES system can be improved from 44.25 to 59.29% while the effective PCM charging time increased from 4.53 to 6.11 h when using the solutions identified by the proposed strategy with the weighting factors of 0.5/0.5 for both objectives, in comparison to a baseline case. A further comparison showed that the optimal design identified by the proposed strategy outperformed the two designs identified using Taguchi method.
Available for download on Saturday, August 22, 2020


text:
Connections 20071. Ancient Landscapes and Ancient Skies
We see the same sky and inhabit the same earth as the ancient Egyptians, Athenians, Mayans and Islamic thinkers did thousands of years ago. But unlike the modern world, ancient worlds do not separate earth from sky: for them, to understand human life in its natural environment is to understand its relation to the sphere of the heavens. Students in both courses in this two-course connection will learn to view the earth and sky together through the lenses of different ancient cultures.


Situated between the forests of the Rennsteig and the castles alongside the River Saale, the Thuringian Slate Mountains/Upper Saale River Nature Park provides a picture-perfect setting for an unforgettable holiday.
Small towns and villages dotted with blue slate houses and visitor mines are testament to the local mining tradition. Several themed routes and guided hikes allow visitors to explore the nature park with its dense wooded areas and mountains reaching heights of almost 800 metres. Some are even lucky enough to spot a rare dipper and other wildlife along the way. The "Thuringian Sea" boasting huge reservoirs in the Saale Valley is a popular destination for active holidaymakers and day-trippers, whilst the "Land of a Thousand Ponds" provides a resting point for migratory birds and a habitat for many species of aquatic birds, fish and other creatures.
Discover more
Explore the surroundings


text:
Demonstration of Rapid Waste Reduction from Ships Using Hydrothermal Liquefaction and Compaction
Agency / Branch:
DOD / NAVY
Waste management on ships is an important yet difficult task because as waste is generated by day to day processes, it accumulates and occupies valuable space aboard vessels. The waste consists of a wide variety of organic and inorganic constituents, some of which are high in water content such as food waste. A process that is capable of rapidly converting all of the waste into a dense media for efficient storage or capable of completely eliminate some of the waste is ideal. We propose to develop a process consisting of a hydrothermal liquefaction reactor and a waste compactor. The hydrothermal liquefaction reactor will convert organic materials into an energy dense fuel, while the compactor will condense the inorganic waste. Hydrothermal liquefaction is a unique technology that can depolymerize wet or dry biomass into fuel. This fuel can be then be burned to heat the reactor, essentially eliminating waste from the boat. In Phase I, a batch reactor will be used to demonstrate the feasibility of rapidly reducing the volume of solid waste aboard ships while producing fuel from this waste. In Phase II, the batch reactor will be converted to a pilot-scale continuous reactor to achieve more efficient waste processing.
Small Business Information at Submission:
Mainstream Engineering Corporation
200 Yellow Place Pines Industrial Center Rockledge, FL 32955
Number of Employees:


text:
you are here: Home / News / Simulation of person flows
Simulation of person flows
ifp consulting simulates person flows on the factory premises of a pharmaceutical group
In the context of the development of a holistical logistics concept for a pharmaceutical group in Switzerland the different person flows are being simulated and analysed.
The simulation's purpose consists of the permanent guarantee of a sufficient level of security for the staff during the different construction phases as well as for the future factory layout. For that purpose all traffic participants are being considered, areas of intensive pedestrian traffic are being identified and appropriate actions are being initiated.
The following focuses are being worked on:
Identification and preparation of all person flow data
Modelling of the relevant scenarios
Analysis of the pedestrian traffic peaks on the factory premises
Realization of the simulation runs with the software SimWalk
Visualization of the different person traffic intensities in heat maps with following analysis
Deduction of suitable actions
Development of a future concept for the implementation of the actions


text:
In order to act more decisively in case of an environmental incident, a policy support team that can quickly provide advice is desirable.
Responding to environmental incidents requires quick advice that takes the various factors involved and the impact on people, animals, the environment and food safety into account as much as possible. The former Dutch Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment formed the Policy Support Team for Environmental Incidents (BOT-mi) in 2005. BOT-mi is an interdepartmental group of experts that provides advice following the occurrence of environmental incidents. The team's advice is preferably based on the integrated assessment of the opinions of various institutes that can in some situations be contradictory.
RIKILT, which is part of Wageningen UR, contributes via the group of experts to:
- the optimisation of the organisation of BOT-mi
- the provision of joint advice on the risks resulting from environmental incidents
- the provision of joint advice on possible measures
- the expansion of knowledge on specific types of incidents in order to optimise future advice
The way in which BOT-mi is organised is continually developing. An example of this is the work carried out on the optimisation of the integrated website (ICAWEB). In addition, BOT-mi takes part in exercises and gives advice when incidents occur.
In a separate project, RIKILT conducts analyses by order of the Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment (via the MOD). Depending on the type of incident, RIKILT performs a limited number of additional analyses in order to obtain more insight into the substances formed in fires and that form a potential risk to people and animals. This also involves the use of bioassays to detect any as yet unknown contaminants.
BOT-mi consists of a group of experts that can advise local government authorities following environmental incidents and fires. In order to carry out its role, the organisation must run and prepare optimally for incidents. This is accomplished through regular consultations, training courses and exercises. When incidents occur, advice regarding the situation is given in conjunction with other partners. In addition, a number of analyses can be carried out via this project to determine whether harmful substances have entered the food chain.


text:
The Language of Color
Sun, Aug 1, 2010 ~ Wed, Jul 31, 2013Times:
Open Daily, 9:00am - 5:00pm, Extended hours 4th Wednesdays Summer 2011Description:
Whether it's the brilliant blue wings of a butterfly, the scarlet feathers of a tanager, or the stripes of a zebra, animals display color in vastly different ways and for different reasons. Combining dramatic specimens with video presentations, computer interactives, hands-on activities, and a stunning display of live dart frogs, The Language of Color will help visitors understand the nature of color and pattern, how different animals "see" it, and how animal color and its perception have co-evolved to produce the complex and diverse palette of colors we see in the world today. The exhibit features a wide array of mammals, reptiles, amphibians, mollusks, and insect specimens that illustrate colors used to camouflage, startle predators, mimic other animals, attract a mate, or intimidate a rival.
Harvard Museum of Natural History
26 Oxford St.
7-8 Min Walk From Harvard Square
Cambridge, MA 02138Event Website
Contact Phone: _PHONE_


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Learning about proof by induction, I take it that the first step is always something like "test if the proposition holds for $n = \textrm{[the minimum value]}$"
Like this:
Prove that $1+2+3+...+n = \frac{n(n + 1)}{2}$ for all $n \ge 1$.
Test it for $n = 1$:
$$n = \frac{n(n + 1)}{2} \implies 1 = \frac{2}{2}\textrm{, which holds.}$$
* The rest of the proof goes here *
So, I do it all the time (like a standard). But I never really thought about why. Why do I do such test? I can see that if the test does not hold, it cannot be proven by induction, I guess. But is there another reason we do this?
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seems like if you want to prove something from here to infinity checking "here" is a good first step... but I don't know a formal name for that. – Grady Player Dec 1 '13 at 1:12
Here - "the least element" maybe _USER_. Honestly I think that you couldn't comprehensively conclude that the expression is true for the entire set of numbers. – Zhoe Dec 1 '13 at 1:14
IH: All sets of $n \ge 4$ lines on the plane intersect at a single point. If it holds true for $n\ge 4$ points, then it holds true for $n+1$ points since the first $n\ge 3$ points intersect at a point and so too do the last $n$ lines and the two intersection points must be the same point. Therefore, all lines on the plane intersect at a single point. – Neil G Dec 1 '13 at 3:26
A row of dominos can't fall if none of them are pushed. – L. F. Dec 1 '13 at 13:17
9 Answers 9
up vote 50 down vote accepted
Imagine a pond with an infinite linear progression of lily pads. You have a frog who, if he hops on one pad, he is guaranteed to hop on the next one. If he hops on the first pad, he'll visit them all. But if he never makes the first lilypad, all bets are off.
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He's up a creek without a pad? – Brian M. Scott Dec 1 '13 at 1:27
Either that or the resident cottonmouth got a springy meal. – ncmathsadist Dec 1 '13 at 1:29
_USER_.Scott....brilliant! – Tom Dec 1 '13 at 1:31
We have to test the "base case" because otherwise we could "prove" things by induction that aren't true. For instance: let's "prove" that the sum of the first $n$ even numbers is odd. Certainly if $S = 2+4+\cdots+2n$ is odd, then $2+4+\cdots+2n+(2n+2) = S + 2n+2$ is also odd, since an even number plus an odd number is odd.
So by "induction", the sum of the first $n$ even numbers is odd.
Of course this is false, and the reason we got something false is that we didn't verify that the base case holds (it doesn't).
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Nice example! It's non-trivial but clearly shows what is wrong. – CompuChip Dec 1 '13 at 11:30
The induction proof is, in a metaphor, a game of dominos. Your goal is to make the pieces fall over, where if the $n$th domino falls, so will the $(n+1)$st. However, if you don't knock down the beginning domino, none may fall over.
An example of what goes wrong without appropriate base case...
Claim: For all $n \in \Bbb{N}=\{1, 2, 3,...\}$, $n \geq 1000$.
Proof without base case: If $n \geq 1000$ the $n+1 > n \geq 1000$.
An example of what goes totally wrong...
Claim: For all $n \in \Bbb{N}$, $n > n$.
Proof without base case: If $n > n$, then by adding $1$ to both sides we see $n+1>n+1$. Therefore, by baseless induction, we've "proved" the claim.
share|improve this answer
Snicker.......... – ncmathsadist Dec 1 '13 at 1:25
It might help to explain why the statement isn't true if your base case is n=1000. Other than the obvious.... how can someone know their base case is appropriate. For example, $n! \ge e^n$ (for sufficiently large $n$) however $n=0$ is a horrible base case. – Squirtle Dec 1 '13 at 5:09
"Baseless induction." What a succinct description of the problem! – David K Mar 10 at 0:57
Let's take your example and modify it slightly:
Prove that $1+2+\cdots+n=\frac{n^2+n+1}{2}$ for all $n\ge 1$.
Let $P(n)$ be the statement "$1+2+\cdots+n=\frac{n^2+n+1}{2}$". Then you need to show that $P(n)$ implies $P(n+1)$. Substituting $n+1$ for $n$ we find that $$ P(n+1) =\frac{n^2+3n+3}{2} $$ Now let's establish the inductive step, that is, that we can use $P(n)$ to establish $P(n+1)$. $$ \begin{align} 1+2+\cdots+n+(n+1) &=(1+2+\cdots+n)+(n+1)\\ &= \frac{n^2+n+1}{2}+(n+1)&\text{by the inductive hypothesis}\\ &= \frac{n^2+3n+3}{2}&\text{as required} \end{align} $$ So we can conclude the highlighted statement. Sort of. Except for the fact that $P(1)$, the base case, sinply isn't true, since it asserts that $$ 1=\frac{1^2+1+1}{2} $$ As has been noted before, if you can't get the first domino to topple, none of the rest will, either.
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Let's prove that all objects in the universe are the same color. We'll prove by induction that given any set of $n$ objects, all of them are the same color.
Inductive step: Given a set $\{1,... n+1\}$ of objects, we know that $\{1,... n\}$ are all the same color $c_1$, and that $\{2,... n+1\}$ are all the same color $c_2$. But if $n\geq 2$ these two sets overlap, so $c_1$ and $c_2$ must be the same. Therefore $\{1,... n+1\}$ are all the same color.
Base case: If $n=1$, it's obvious. If $n=2$, then the two elements are the same color because... er...
Base case left as an exercice to the reader.
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To see why we need the base case, consider the following proposition:
Proposition: $\forall n \in \mathbb{N}, n = 0$
Proof: Assume this property holds for all $m \leq k$, and consider $n = k+1$.
= $k + 0$ (By inductive hypothesis noting that $1 \leq k$ is the smallest element of $\mathbb{N}$)
= $0 + 0$ (By inductive hypothesis)
= $0$
Hence the proposition holds for all $n \in \mathbb{N}$
The problem with this proof is that I haven't actually explicitly shown there exists any integer in $\mathbb{N}$ that is equal to zero; moreover, and more importantly, I can never find such an integer. As such, given that I cannot establish the base case I cannot conclude the proposition is true.
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Its common this question because the introduction to inductive proof is teached very axiomatically ("proof for n=1, then proof for n+1").
An inductive proof is where one proves that a set $A$ is inductive. A set $A$ is inductive if satisfies that
 - $1\in A$
 - $n\in A \Rightarrow n+1 \in A$
If $A$ is inductive, then $A=\mathbb N$
In your example, what it is really being proved is that $A=\{n


Vertical elliptic operator for efficient wave propagation in TTI media
Umair bin Waheed, Tariq Ali Alkhalifah
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
3 Scopus citations
Elliptic wave extrapolation operators require significantly less computational cost than the ones for transversely isotropic (TI) media. However, it does not provide accurate wavefield representation or imaging for the prevalent TI media. We propose a new vertical elliptically anisotropic (VEA) wave equation by decomposing the acoustic TI pseudo-differential wave equation. The decomposition results in a vertical elliptic differential equation and a scalar operator. The new VEA-like wave equation shares the same dispersion relation as that of the original acoustic TI wave equation. Therefore, the kinematic contents are correctly matched to the original equation. Moreover, the proposed decomposition yields better amplitude properties than the isotropic decomposition without increasing the computational load. Therefore, it exhibits better cost versus accuracy tradeoff compared to the isotropic or the tilted elliptic decompositions. We demonstrate with numerical examples that the proposed methodology is numerically stable for complex models and is free from shear-wave artifacts.
Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)3560-3564
Number of pages5
JournalSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2015
StatePublished - Aug 19 2015
Dive into the research topics of 'Vertical elliptic operator for efficient wave propagation in TTI media'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
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text:
VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd
Game introduction | FOSTER-ERM
Mikko Dufva is a research scientist at VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd working in the field of foresight. He has done projects related to the futures of work, synthetic biology, platform economy, forestry, mining and use of renewable energy. He is a Doctor of Science in Technology and his dissertation was about knowledge creation in foresight from a systems perspective. He has broad methodological expertise ranging from systems thinking, decision analysis and optimization to interactive planning, scenario analysis and participatory methods. His current research interests include experiential foresight and post-normal times.
A key challenge in foresight is maintaining a balance between long-term visions and present-day relevance. Images of futures have to be demystified and interpreted in the present context. This presentation reflects upon the challenges faced when creating an educational board game focused on business model development in the context of raw materials and circular economy. The presentation closes with a game session for between 8 and 16 people.


text: This paper investigates whether a higher level of long-term credit provision affects the growth of small and young firms. Firm-level data from more than 20,000 firms in 62 countries are combined with a new hand-collected database on short-term and long-term credit provided to the private sector. Using a difference-in-difference framework, our results indicate that, contrary to short-term credit, long-term credit does not stimulate growth of small and young firms. This finding is, at least partially, explained by the differential impact of short-term and long-term credit provision on small and young firms' access to credit. While the provision of short-term credit alleviates credit constraints faced by small and young firms, a larger provision of longterm bank loans has an opposite impact. Our findings are in line with the hypothesis that an increase of long-term credit provision reects a lender's choice to provide more financing to existing clients (intensive margin) to the detriment of firms without previous access to finance (extensive margin).


Riemann–Siegel theta function
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
In mathematics, the Riemann–Siegel theta function is defined in terms of the Gamma function as
\theta(t) = \arg \left(
- \frac{\log \pi}{2} t
for real values of t. Here the argument is chosen in such a way that a continuous function is obtained and \theta(0)=0 holds, i.e., in the same way that the principal branch of the log Gamma function is defined.
It has an asymptotic expansion
\theta(t) \sim \frac{t}{2}\log \frac{t}{2\pi} - \frac{t}{2} - \frac{\pi}{8}+\frac{1}{48t}+ \frac{7}{5760t^3}+\cdots
which is not convergent, but whose first few terms give a good approximation for t \gg 1. Its Taylor-series at 0 which converges for |t| < 1/2 is
\theta(t) = -\frac{t}{2} \log \pi + \sum_{k=0}^{\infty} \frac{(-1)^k \psi^{(2k)}\left(\frac{1}{4}\right) }{(2k+1)!} \left(\frac{t}{2}\right)^{2k+1}
where \psi^{(2k)} denotes the Polygamma function of order 2k. The Riemann–Siegel theta function is of interest in studying the Riemann zeta function, since it can rotate the Riemann zeta function such that it becomes the totally real valued Z function on the critical line s = 1/2 + i t.
Curve discussion[edit]
The Riemann–Siegel theta function is an odd real analytic function for real values of t. It has 3 roots at 0 and \pm 17._PHONE_\ldots and it is an increasing function for values |t| > 6.29, because it has exactly one minima and one maxima at \pm 6.289835988\ldots with absolute value
3.530972829\ldots. Lastly it has a unique inflection point at t=0 with \theta^\prime(0)= -\frac{\ln \pi + \gamma + \pi/2 + 3 \ln 2}{2} = -2._PHONE_\ldots where the theta function has its derivation minimum.
Theta as a function of a complex variable[edit]
We have an infinite series expression for the log Gamma function
\log \Gamma \left(z\right) = -\gamma z -\log z
+ \sum_{n=1}^\infty
\left(\frac{z}{n} - \log \left(1+\frac{z}{n}\right)\right),
where γ is Euler's constant. Substituting (2it+1)/4 for z and taking the imaginary part termwise gives the following series for θ(t)
\theta(t) = -\frac{\gamma + \log \pi}{2}t - \arctan 2t
+ \sum_{n=1}^\infty \left(\frac{t}{2n}
- \arctan\left(\frac{2t}{4n+1}\right)\right).
For values with imaginary part between -1 and 1, the arctangent function is holomorphic, and it is easily seen that the series converges uniformly on compact sets in the region with imaginary part between -1/2 and 1/2, leading to a holomorphic function on this domain. It follows that the Z function is also holomorphic in this region, which is the critical strip.
We may use the identities
\arg z = \frac{\log z - \log\bar z}{2i}\quad\text{and}\quad\overline{\Gamma(z)}=\Gamma(\bar z)
to obtain the closed-form expression
\theta(t) = \frac{\log\Gamma\left(\frac{2it+1}{4}\right)-\log\Gamma\left(\frac{-2it+1}{4}\right)}{2i} - \frac{\log \pi}{2} t,
which extends our original definition to a holomorphic function of t. Since the principal branch of log Γ has a single branch cut along the negative real axis, θ(t) in this definition inherits branch cuts along the imaginary axis above i/2 and below -i/2.
Riemann–Siegel theta function in the complex plane
Riemann Siegel Theta 1.jpg
Riemann Siegel Theta 2.jpg
Riemann Siegel Theta 3.jpg
 -1 < \Re(t) < 1
 -5 < \Re(t) < 5
 -40 < \Re(t) < 40
Gram points[edit]
The Riemann zeta function on the critical line can be written
\zeta\left(\frac{1}{2}+it\right) = e^{-i \theta(t)}Z(t),
Z(t) = e^{i \theta(t)} \zeta\left(\frac{1}{2}+it\right).
If t is a real number, then the Z function Z\left(t\right) returns real values.
Hence the zeta function on the critical line will be real when \sin\left(\,\theta(t)\,\right)=0. Positive real values of t where this occurs are called Gram points, after J. P. Gram, and can of course also be described as the points where \frac{\theta(t)}{\pi} is an integer.
A Gram point is a solution g_{n} of
\theta\left(g_{n}\right) = n\pi.
Here are the smallest non negative Gram points
n g_{n} \theta(g_{n})
-3 0 0
-2 3._PHONE_...
-1 9._PHONE_...
0 17._PHONE_... 0
1 23._PHONE_... π
2 27._PHONE_...
3 31._PHONE_...
4 35._PHONE_...
5 38._PHONE_...
6 42._PHONE_...
7 45._PHONE_...
8 48._PHONE_...
9 51._PHONE_...
10 54._PHONE_... 10π
11 57._PHONE_... 11π
12 60._PHONE_... 12π
13 63._PHONE_... 13π
14 65._PHONE_... 14π
15 68._PHONE_... 15π
The choice of the index n is a bit crude. It is historically chosen in such a way that the index is 0 at the first value which is larger than the smallest positive zero (at imaginary part 14._PHONE_...) of the Riemann zeta function on the critical line. Notice, this \theta-function oscillates for absolute-small real arguments and therefore is not uniquely invertible in the interval [-24,24]! Thus the odd theta-function has its symmetric Gram point with value 0 at index -3. Gram points are useful when computing the zeros of Z\left(t\right). At a Gram point g_{n},
\zeta\left(\frac{1}{2}+ig_n\right) = \cos(\theta(g_n))Z(g_n) = (-1)^n Z(g_n),
and if this is positive at two successive Gram points, Z\left(t\right) must have a zero in the interval.
According to Gram's law, the real part is usually positive while the imaginary part alternates with the gram points, between positive and negative values at somewhat regular intervals.
(-1)^n \, Z\left(g_{n}\right) > 0
The number of roots, N\left(T\right), in the strip from 0 to T, can be found by
N\left(T\right) = \frac{\theta(T)}{\pi} + 1+S(T),
where S(T) is an error term which grows asymptotically like \log T.
Only if g_{n} would obey Gram's law, then finding the number of roots in the strip simply becomes
N\left(g_{n}\right) = n + 1.
Today we know, that in the long run, Gram's law fails for about 1/4 of all Gram-intervals to contain exactly 1 zero of the Riemann zeta-function. Gram was afraid that it may fail for larger indices (the first miss is at index 126 before the 127th zero) and thus claimed this only for not too high indices. Later Hutchinson coined the phrase Gram's law for the (false) statement that all zeroes on the critical line would be separated by Gram points.
See also[edit]
External links[edit]


text:
Holy Grail in America
Has the Holy Grail been in America all along? In 1898, a Minnesota farmer uprooted a large stone covered with mysterious runes that tell a story of land acquisition and murder. Initially thought to be a hoax, new evidence suggests that the find, allegedly dating to 1362, could be real–and a clue that the Knights Templar discovered America 100 years before Columbus. Follow along as experts use erosion studies on the rune stone and match symbols in Templar ruins in Europe to support this theory. 100 minutes.


In 2003, the drought-stricken state of Texas passed a law requiring retail public water utilities to conduct a water audit every five years.
"We needed to know water loss accountability, how much water loss there is, how the utilities report water losses, and how efficient they are in doing so," says Mark Mathis, municipal water specialist for the Texas Water Development Board.
Three years after the program was implemented, though, Mathis is hard-pressed to compare water loss volumes in the state. Each of its more than 3000 utilities had its own method for calculating water loss percentages, with different variables. Nothing was standardized. "It's so across the board," he says.
These inconsistencies will gradually disappear as utilities adopt the state's new water audit methodology. As part of the state mandate, the water board created an audit form and worksheet based on a newly formulated International Water Association (IWA)/American Water Works Association (AWWA) audit process. In an attempt to make utilities account for every single drop of water, the audit standardizes terminology in an industry where there are no hard-and-fast definitions.
"It's a new method that eliminates the percentage method of accounting, as well as the term 'unnaccounted-for' water, to show in more exact terms where the inefficiencies are occurring," says Mathis.
Although the board is non-regulatory, it can deny funding requests from utilities that haven't submitted a water audit. Mathis believes this stipulation will increase the number of local utilities that adopt the new methodology, so the board can better calculate and manage the state's water loss.
How do you report water loss? What factors do you use to calculate water loss percentages?
Chances are, if 100 water utilities are asked such questions, most won't agree on any given answer. For example, most utilities consider a 10% to 15% "unaccounted-for" water loss rate as acceptable. But what is "unaccounted-for" water loss?
"You can put 10 water utility managers in a room, ask them what 'unaccounted-for' is, and they will each have a different answer," says Mathis.
There also isn't a uniform method for determining water loss percentages, says Mathis. Plus, there are four key measures percentages don't reveal:
 - Where the losses are occurring
 - How much those losses are costing the utility
 - How much is being lost (expressed in volume)
 - Why the losses are occurring.


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I am having difficulty understanding this question:
Graph the subspace spanned by the vectors $i = (3,-2,-1)^T$, $j = (-2,0,-1)^T$.
You don't have to graph it, but the answer for this problem is $z = (-3/5)x - (6/5)y$. I don't understand how to come up with that answer. I tried setting $i=-j$ but to no avail. Also, sorry for writing $i,j$ with $^T$, I do not know how to format it to make it look like a column vector.
share|cite|improve this question
Are you sure that's the right answer? The points $(3,-2,-1)$ and $(-2,0,-1)$ don't seem to be on that plane. – yunone Sep 22 '12 at 7:27
1 Answer 1
up vote 2 down vote accepted
I think something is not quite right here.
Since we are in $\mathbb{R}^3$ we can find the normal to the plane spanned by $i, j$ by $i \times j = (2,5,-4)^T$, hence the equation of the plane is $\langle (x,y,z)^T, i \times j \rangle = 2x+5y-4z =0$, which gives $z = \frac{1}{2} x + \frac{5}{4} y$.
Here is another approach that does not use the cross product:
Suppose $(x,y,z) = a i + b j = (3a-2b, -2a, -(a+b))$. Then, from $y$ we have $a = -\frac{y}{2}$, and from $x$ we have $b = -\frac{3}{4} y -\frac{1}{2} x$. Then $z = -(a+b) = \frac{1}{2} x + \frac{5}{4} y$.
share|cite|improve this answer
How did you get z=1/2x + 5/4y and (2,5,-4)^T? We haven't been taught the cross product yet. – diimension Sep 22 '12 at 21:53
I added another approach. – copper.hat Sep 22 '12 at 22:00
I understand now because of your help, thank you very much copper!! – diimension Sep 22 '12 at 23:15
You are very welcome, glad to be of help. – copper.hat Sep 23 '12 at 0:30
Your Answer


text:
- A LinearizingTransformationData[…] object ltd can be used to retrieve various properties.
- The list of available properties is given by ltd["Properties"].
- Additional information about the properties is listed on function pages FeedbackLinearize, StateTransformationLinearize, and CarlemanLinearize.
- Typical properties include:
"Linearization" type of linearization "TransformedSystem" system in the new coordinates "InverseStateTransformation" inverse transformation of the state variables
Examplesopen allclose all
Introduced in 2014


Dog ate chocolate?
ask a vet
Brown near cat's vagina.
Species: Cat
Breed: american shorthair
Age: 2-5 years
Talia has brown in her fur around her vagina and I wiped it with a baby wipe and it is brown on the wipe. She has always had urinary issues in that she wont use the litter box to urinate. She goes on wee wee pads. I do not see blood in her urine. Should I be concerned?
Online vet, Dr. Marie
Dr. Marie replied:
Thanks for your question. Sometimes it can be normal to see some brown staining around the vaginal area of a cat. However, it's also possible that there is brown staining because she has been overgrooming the area. This could happen if there is some type of infection, either in the skin surrounding the area, in the vagina or possibly even a urinary tract infection or something called interstitial cystitis. Interstitial cystitis is something that we don't fully understand but it can cause a cat to feel like she has to urinate often.
So how do we tell whether there is a problem? The answer lies in watching her behavior. Over the next few days, take note of how often you see her licking this area. A normal cat should not be seen regularly doing this, but if you see her doing this several times a day then I think there is likely some irritation there and she should see the vet.
Also, take note of how often she is urinating. Even though you are not seeing blood, if she is going to the litter box (or wee pads) more often than usual then this can be a sign of a problem as well.
As long as she is eating and drinking well and does not seem overly irritated, then it's probably ok to keep an eye on her for a couple of days. Here are some things that would make me want to see the vet:
-If you notice she is licking the vaginal area excessively.
-If you notice she is trying to urinate more frequently than usual.
-If you see her trying to urinate but nothing is coming out.
-If you see a yellow or green pus in the vaginal area.
-If she starts to lose her appetite or act overly lethargic.
Hope that helps and I hope she is ok.
Dr. Marie
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text:
Instructions for Certified Information Security Manager-CISM Practice Test 5
This page show the instructions for Certified Information Security Manager-CISM Practice Test 5. Please read it carefully before attempting the test.
Number of Questions:
The test has 20 questions for practice
Type of Questions:
This test format is multiple choices. Each question has 4 to 10 options.
- The passing score does not mean that you must answer 80 percent of the questions correctly in order to pass the exam. The actual percentage varies from exam to exam and may be more or less than 80 percent.
- If a question specifies that you must choose multiple correct answers, you must choose the exact number of correct answers specified in the question in order to earn a point for that item.
- Attempt all questions since there are no penalties for guessing. No points are deducted for incorrect answers.
- You must answer each question before proceeding to the next question.
- If you leave the test midway through your session, you cannot resume it where you left off by returning to this page.
Click below to start:
The test is best viewed using Internet Explorer 6.0+, Mozilla Firefox 2.0+ or Google Chrome.
This practice test is included in CISM Certification Prep course. Following are all practice tests available in this course:
This course includes practice tests and articles, but it does not cover every exam question. Only the ISACA exam team has access to the exam questions for CISM exam, and ISACA regularly adds new questions to the exam, making it impossible to cover specific questions. You should consider this course a supplement to your relevant real-world experience


text:
Rigid-Flexible Virtual Prototyping Study of Planetary Gear Reducer for Shearer Cutting Unit
In this research, three-dimensional simplified model for the planetary gear reducer of a certain large-scale shearer cutting unit is established by the use of UG NX5, and it is imported into ADAMS/View environment through the UG interface with ADAMS. While ANSYS is used to generate the flexible body of key parts such as sun gear, high-speed planet gear and low-speed planet gear, and then in ADAMS the flexible body is used to replace the corresponding parts of planetary reducer rigid body model, which aims to set up virtual rigid-flexible prototype model of planetary reducer. Finally, kinematics simulation was done. The simulation results show that the virtual prototype model of each component motion displays smooth without interference and the transmission ratio meets the design request. Meanwhile, the planetary gear mechanism design is proved to be very correct.
Qingxue Huang, Cunlong Zhou, Zhengyi Jiang, Jianmei Wang, Hailian Gui, Lifeng Ma, Lidong Ma, Yugui Li and Chunjiang Zhao
K. B. Zhang et al., "Rigid-Flexible Virtual Prototyping Study of Planetary Gear Reducer for Shearer Cutting Unit", Advanced Materials Research, Vol. 145, pp. 414-419, 2011


text:
Purpose: Currently, development of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) after surgery is frequently being followed by legal action in Korea, as consequences may be fatal. In the current study, we assessed possible countermeasures that medical teams can take when faced with conflicting opinions on responsibility for PTE. Methods: A retrospective analysis of claims handled by the Supreme Court and subordinate courts, from 1999 to 2015, was performed. We analyzed the type of procedure, associated complications, and critical legal points from the recorded judgments along with any liability limitations on surgeons. Results: After reviewing cases between 1999 and 2015, a total of 18 cases were analyzed. There were no cases in which the surgeon was held accountable between 1999 and 2002. From 2003, there were instances of the surgeon being held account able, with a peak of cases in 2013. Legal standards applied in judicial decision-making related to appropriate use of preventive measures, operation characteristics, doctor's reaction towards symptom occurrence, obligation of postoperative medical care, and duty of explanation. Conclusion: The courts in Korea have changed their position from one of denying doctors' liability to one of enforcing responsibility for PTE. Surgeons are therefore being held responsible with greater frequency, depending on the details of the case. Lessons can be learnt from precedents that can be incorporated into medical education and training programs with the aim of reducing both major PTE complication rates and litigation costs.
- Pulmonary embolism


text:
environment, since the thin long Corridors can propagate the Signals easily, that can cause the signal's strength to stay unchanged or change by a very little amount.
Movement model Maybe a movement model can be incorporated with the particle filters. This model can keep track of the user's speed and direction, and can be used to refine the particles. This can be done by keeping in consideration that if a person is walking in one direction, it is more probable that this person keeps walking in the same direction, rather than turn back suddenly.
Physical walls, barriers model We can take into consideration the fact that people can not walk through walls or other physical barriers. We can use this fact to refine the results given by the particle filters.
I used the following resources:
aima-java Java implementation of algorithms from Norvig And Russell's "Artificial Intelligence - A Modern Approach 3rd Edition." _URL_
annas Graph implementation and algorithm package _URL_


text: Durable high temperature materials are required for reusable hypersonic structural thermal protection systems. In particular, temperatures exceeding 2700ºF, and approaching 3000ºF, are targeted for capable structural materials that can survive stresses on the order of 10 ksi (70 MPa) for at least 100 hours in an oxidizing environment. Such materials have been identified as an enabling material for future hypersonic vehicles As this application is structural, a strong degree of damage tolerance is desired, and thus ceramic matrix composites are the primary choice due to the desire for reduced weight, high temperature strength and oxidation resistance. Silicon carbide fiber-reinforced silicon carbide matrix (SiC/SiC) composites are believed to be the most suitable solution due to meeting the requirements with the limitations of creep at the highest temperatures/loads, and oxidative attack at stresses that exceed the materials proportional limit. The proposed effort will define the temperature-stress limit of SiC/SiC composites, and examine methods to further extend this limit.


How Many Utters does a Cow have?
Do you mean udder? Cows have only one udder, but that single udder contains four teats, and those four teats contain one mammary gland. That seemed like alot to explain.
1 Additional Answer Answer for: how many utters does a cow have
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Artiodactyla Family: Bovidae Genus: Bos Species: Bos taurus
Like most domestic animals, Bos taurus, the domestic cow, is currently found throughout much of the world. The wild ancestors of cows were native to northern Africa, Europe, and southern Asia. Domestic cows are large, sturdy... More »
Q&A Related to "How Many Utters does a Cow have?"
1. Gently wash the udders with warm water to soften them before milking. This also cleans the udders. 2. Pick a moisturizer or balm especially designed for moisturizing cow udders
Cows have one udder. That one udder contains four teats which each contain a single mammary gland. Extra teats can occur, but they are not functional.You can find more information
the part that the calf sucks to get milk First answer by ID3434483670. Last edit by ID3434483670. Question popularity: 1 [recommend question].
A cows udders are made of skin. They are the mammary glands of the cow, from which she
Explore this Topic
A milk cow's udder has four separate parts. The right and left halves are separated by a wall called the medial suspensory ligament. All of the parts...
The male cow bulls do not have udders in real life. Males lack a mammary structure, but they do have teats. The teats on them are very small all through their...
The answer to your question of how long after a cow is pregnant does her utter start to fill up is generally a two to four weeks before the calf is born....


Control.OnManipulationInertiaStarting method
Applies to Windows and Windows Phone
Called before the ManipulationInertiaStarting event occurs.
protected virtual void OnManipulationInertiaStarting(
 ManipulationInertiaStartingRoutedEventArgs e
Type: ManipulationInertiaStartingRoutedEventArgs
Event data for the event.
OnManipulationInertiaStarting represents a prewired event handler for the UIElement.ManipulationInertiaStarting event. Practical controls that derive from Control can override the OnManipulationInertiaStarting method and use this to provide control-specific handling and behavior for that input event. The most common scenario is to use the event handler to mark the event as Handled in the event data. The control code has first chance to handle this event, before any event handlers that are wired on a control instance are invoked. When the event data is marked Handled, then other handlers like those on the control instance won't be called. Also, the event won't bubble. For more info, see the "On* event handler overrides" section in Control.
As it's implemented directly on Control, OnManipulationInertiaStarting has an empty implementation. But each ancestor in a control's hierarchy may have provided an implementation. You won't be able to see this implementation because it's internal native code. In some cases a control will already have existing On* overrides that mark the event Handled. Once you've provided an initial On* override for a control, then any controls that you further derive from your own control class would also inherit the On* overrides you define. Any instances you use have that behavior too.
Note App code can still handle events that may have been marked Handled by a control's On* method logic, but they need to use the handledEventsToo parameter for the UIElement.AddHandler method. For more info, see UIElement.AddHandler or Events and routed events overview.
Windows 8 behavior
Windows 8 doesn't fire ManipulationCompleted in cases where the inertial phase has started (and ManipulationInertiaStarting has fired) but the user has tapped on the item before it's finished scrolling, which cancels the inertial phase visually. The issue is fixed starting with Windows 8.1; ManipulationCompleted is fired as soon as the tap action cancels the inertial phase.
Apps that were compiled for Windows 8 but running on Windows 8.1 continue to use the Windows 8 behavior.
Minimum supported client
Windows 8
Minimum supported server
Windows Server 2012
Minimum supported phone
Windows Phone 8.1 [Windows Runtime apps only]
See also
Events and routed events overview
Gestures, manipulations, and interactions
Quickstart: Pointers
© 2014 Microsoft


It sounds like Classical Conversations is more supportive of concurrent enrollment than Dual Enrollment. Is that true?
When talking about college credits for our high school Challenge students, we are often asked to explain the difference between dual enrollment and concurrent enrollment. There is also some confusion about how these models work. We are also asked why we prefer one model over the other. We prefer the Classical Conversations Plus concurrent credit program because it honors our Challenge programs and allows parents to remain the students' primary mentors and teachers while the student earns college credit.


text:
Definitions of Coventry:
- noun: an industrial city in central England; devastated by air raids during World War II; remembered as the home of Lady Godiva in the 11th century
- noun: the state of being banished or ostracized (excluded from society by general consent)
Example: "The association should get rid of its elderly members--not by euthanasia, of course, but by Coventry"
- name: A surname (very rare: popularity rank in the U.S.: #41052)
Search for Coventry at other dictionaries: OneLook, Answers.com, Merriam-Webster
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