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Role clarity on a project or a major bid is a critical element to success. Along with understanding the big picture and ensuring communication is flowing through the team, it ranks up there as a key priority you should look to establish as you form and develop a high performing team.
In terms of how you achieve role clarity, you will usually bring the key people in to a room for each area of the project or bid and work through the development of a role clarity matrix. The role clarity matrix is a visual representation of all the activities or tasks that are required to be delivered with the appropriate people assigned to support the delivery of these activities. From here, you then look to challenge the draft role clarity matrix around gaps, duplication and whether or not you have each person playing to their strengths. This step is often overlooked despite its importance in ensuring that people and sections of a project or bid are not working in silos or working in a vacuum unclear on how others can assist them in delivering on their role linked to the bigger picture outcomes we are looking to achieve.
The benefits of a role clarity matrix are significant, particularly in the early stages of a project or major bid. These include:
- The building of a self-managed and empowered team through documenting who is doing and responsible for what;
- Better allocation of resources playing to people's strengths;
- Faster team around decision making and authority due to minimised grey areas of role clarity across the team;
- Better accountability culture within the team through no grey areas in the delivery of responsibilities;
- Greater personal confidence for each individual knowing not only their roles and responsibilities but other team members;
- Greater communication across the team as people are encouraged to go to those responsible for activities rather than adopting an up and down check in approach through management; and
- A one team approach to delivery by working together collaboratively.
The benefits as you can see are significant. However, if you wish to take role clarity to the next level, you need to break down role activities between silos and teams where there are many people involved in delivering a responsibility, activity or where teamwork is required around collaboration and communicating what needs to occur. The last thing you want to do is set up a role clarity matrix where people are in conflict with each other to undertake a task. It is also challenging to address situations where no responsibility is taken for tasks or activities that require consultation or involvement from others to be successfully delivered. For this to be achieved, you need utilise tools like the RACI model which sets very clear expectations of the people involved in your bid or project from the start.
The RACI model allows you to break the role clarity matrix down to the sub-elements of each role around who is:
- Responsible – The person doing the work to deliver an outcome. They take responsibility for delivering the activity and is usually one individual;
- Accountable – The person who needs to ensure that the task is delivered even if they have delegated it. Again, one individual and usually at a senior level is often the manager who the person responsible reports to in the project or bid;
- Consulted – This is typically individuals who need to be involved in delivering the activity and usually have some technical, client or product knowledge that is important for the person responsible to work with to ensure the outcome reflects these inputs. They need to be worked with collaboratively and in a manner that reflects their important input; and
- Informed – This is usually individuals who need to be kept informed around the progress and delivery of an activity and has some buy-in or involvement that is important to reflect in the RACI.
Your RACI needs to be functional and effective. Some key tips you can use when developing the RACI include:
- Use the role clarity matrix tasks and activities as the base for the RACI to fast track its development;
- Explain the 'why' behind the need of a RACI model in addition to the role clarity matrix and the benefits it will provide to the bid or project team and the delivery of outcomes;
- Identify all the key individuals and their roles and list them horizontally up the top of the RACI ensuring you get thorough coverage across your bid or team;
- When working through the four elements of the RACI, you need to ensure only one person is accountable and only one person is responsible. This will ensure greater ownership and delivery of the outcome;
- Ensure you then send out the document to all people nominated in the RACI for feedback and consultation. This includes those broader than the responsible and accountable people as the person that need to be informed and consulted should have a large say in ensuring that you are consulting the right people for the right activities to be delivered.
Role clarity is an underrated area to focus on with your team upfront. Get this right, break it down through a RACI and watch your team achieve every manager's goal; being empowered and self-managed rather than deferring to every piece of direction and guidance they receive from management.
To get started, simply visit our website to find examples of the Role Clarity Matrix and RACI Model and start planning with your team.


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Given two fixed nonintersecting circles (shown here in red and blue), a Steiner chain is a sequence of circles, each tangent to the two given circles and each tangent to their neighboring circles in the sequence. When the chain is closed, the first and last circles in the chain are also tangent to each other. If a closed chain can be found for a given pair of circles, then infinitely many such chains can be found—use the rotation slider. Also, regardless of whether the chain is open or closed, the centers of circles of the chain lie on an ellipse, shown in green.
By manipulating the "rotation" slider, you can see different Steiner chains for the given red and blue circles, demonstrating Steiner's porism, which states that infinitely many such chains exist. By deselecting the "closed chain" checkbox, you can then adjust the radius of the red circle and create open chains. You can try to find the appropriately sized inner circle to create a closed chain for practice. When the inner circle radius is 0, the inner circle becomes a point and the Steiner chain becomes a closed chain of two circles.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Home Asia Investment Outlook 2021 Asia Frontier Markets: Economic growth full steam ahead
Asia Frontier Markets: Economic growth full steam ahead
Asia Frontier Markets Outlook 2021, Asia Frontier Capital
The Asian frontier markets have done exceptionally well in the Covid-19 crisis so far, says Ruchir Desai, co-fund manager of the AFC Asia Frontier Fund, Asia Frontier Capital.
2020 has been a year like no other. It started with the outbreak of Covid-19 across the globe leading to panic in financial markets and countries closing their borders and locking down their economies. At the start of the pandemic there were concerns regarding both the healthcare and economic impact on developing countries like Asian frontier markets.
As we approach year end, Asian frontier markets have done exceptionally well with respect to managing the healthcare as well as the economic impact of the pandemic. Countries like Vietnam have amongst the lowest case numbers globally. The mortality rate in Asian frontier markets is also amongst the lowest worldwide.
(Source: Bloomberg, as of 18th November 2020)
Besides closing their borders at the onset of the pandemic, a very young population has led to a more manageable pandemic situation for Asian frontier markets as the median age of our universe is only 28.
(Source: United Nations Population Division)
Being able to control the pandemic has allowed Asian frontier markets to re-open their economies. Vietnam's lockdown only lasted for three weeks in April which has enabled it to see a strong recovery in its economy since then. Bangladesh, Pakistan and Sri Lanka have also witnessed a sharp recovery in economic metrics such as industrial production, automobiles sales, cements sales and exports. This ability to manage the pandemic situation relatively well is the key factor as to why some Asian frontier countries like Bangladesh, Uzbekistan and Vietnam will still manage to show positive GDP growth in 2020.
(Source: Asian Development Bank, International Monetary Fund)
The ability of Asian frontier countries to manage the pandemic and re-start their economies sooner than other developing countries will allow them to show stronger economic growth. Between 2021-2025, Asian frontier countries are expected to post an average GDP growth of 5.5% which is the highest globally compared to other regions. Asian frontier countries like Bangladesh, Myanmar, Uzbekistan and Vietnam are expected to post robust GDP growth rates of 6-7% over the next five years. We believe this divergence in economic growth between Asian frontier markets and other countries will be one of the bigger trends in 2021 and beyond.
Biden presidency positive for Asian frontier markets
Besides stronger economic growth, a Biden presidency in the U.S. will also be a major positive for Asian frontier markets. Compared to Donald Trump, the consensus is that the Biden administration will most likely take a less antagonistic and less hostile approach to resolving issues with China. This looming hostility between China and the U.S. over the past few years has had an impact on investor sentiment in Asia and less aggressive relations between the two countries can have a tremendously positive effect on investor sentiment in the region.
One of the most important trends that we foresee in 2021 and the coming years is the accelerated de-risking of supply chains in the face of the Covid-19 crisis. Most notably, Asian frontier economies like Vietnam are already witnessing a big benefit from this trend as both foreign direct investments and exports grew in 2020 despite the impact of the pandemic on the global economy. To elaborate further, Samsung now assembles the majority of its mobile phones in Vietnam and Apple's suppliers have also begun manufacturing operations in the country in the last few months.
Countries like Bangladesh and Pakistan are also witnessing garment export orders being diverted from China due to the lower costs that both these countries offer. Further, over the past decade Bangladesh has transformed into the world's second largest garment exporter after China.
The probability is also increasing that a viable vaccine to treat Covid-19 will be released in the first half of 2021. This will be another positive for Asian frontier markets as many of these countries like Cambodia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka and Vietnam have a large tourism sector. We believe that cyclical stocks in the airlines, airport and hotel sectors could outperform in 2021 as international travel becomes a reality again towards the latter part of 2021.
These positive developments are backed by extremely attractive valuations with Asian frontier markets trading at a big discount to their emerging market peers. With global interest rates anticipated to remain low for the foreseeable future and Asian frontier markets posting strong GDP growth backed by structural changes in supply chains which will benefit them, it is only a matter of time before these markets rally further after their very strong run since March 2020.
Ruchir Desai
Co-fund manager, AFC Asia Frontier Fund
Asia Frontier Capital
Ruchir Desai is the co-fund manager of the AFC Asia Frontier Fund and has been with Asia Frontier Capital since July 2013. As part of managing the fund, he covers markets such as Bangladesh, Kazakhstan, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Vietnam. He holds an MBA in Finance from CUHK Business School, The Chinese University of Hong Kong during which time he spent a semester on exchange at The Fuqua School of Business, Duke University. He is also a CFA charterholder.


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Three-toed horses once roamed TIbetan plateaus, skeleton reveals
A newly discovered skeleton from an ancient three-toed horse not only provides information about ancient Tibetan wildlife, but it also sheds light on the habitat and elevation of Tibet nearly 5 million years ago.
This area of the world, called the Tibetan plateau, is the youngest and highest plateau on Earth, its average elevation exceeding 14,800 feet (4,500 meters), but researchers don't know exactly when this happened. Some researchers think that 5 million years ago, the plateau was once much higher than it is today, but others think it was much lower.
More data is needed to get a good grip on when the plateau rose up, and these researchers used the fossilized horse to shed some light on the debate.
"We have an extinct horse that apparently is adapted to grasslands, these open nonwooded areas," study researcher Xiaoming Wang, of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, told LiveScience. "Therefore, in turn, it might have some implications about the environment that it came from." [High & Dry: Images of the Tibetan Plateau]
Details about the horse suggested that at the time it died, the Zanda Basin would have been about 13,000 feet (4,000 meters) above sea level, on par with the current elevation of that region of Tibet.
The fossilized horse bones were found in the Zanda Basin, in southwestern Tibet, near the Himalayas. The horse is about 4.6 million years old and seems to be from the three-toed horse genus Hipparion. The species was identified as Hipparion zanda, which was originally named based on a single skull found in the late 1980s.
The new find included a majority of the horses' bones, including its legs. By analyzing the legs, they were able to get a better grip on the environment it lived in, shedding light on the state of the plateau at that time.
"These guys have pretty long legs, well-adapted to open terrain [and] running fast; it means that these guys are probably not in the wooded areas," Wang said. "By being not in the wooded areas, basically the paper concludes that the areas where the horse originally lived was above the tree lines in those days."
In this way, the Zanda horse would have been quite similar to the Tibetan wild ass, except the Zanda horse had three toes instead of the wild ass's one.
The horse also had teeth characteristics of a grazer, the researchers said, further supporting the idea that the area was open grassland when the horse lived.
One of the researchers, Yang Wang of Florida State University, analyzed the chemicals contained within the fossils to get an idea of what kinds of grasses the horses ate. She was able to tell that these horses ate plants that were characteristic of a cold, open land similar to that seen in the Zanda Basin today.
"Those earlier horses have similar diet to the wild asses [currently] living in the area. They are grazing on grasses that are adapted to the cold," Wang said. "It's a high elevation environment, but exactly how high we don't know."
The researchers estimate that 4.6 million years ago, when these horses roamed the area, it was about 1,300 feet (400 m) higher than the modern tree line, and probably about the same elevation as it is today.
Source: Fox News
BLM wild horse citizen panel faces conflicts
Ten Minute TrickMoving stall mats
Horse Therapy Helps Veterans Break Through PTSD
Horse Meat in Burgers in UK stores
Ten Minute TrickMaking your horse enjoy leaving home
Animals in The Hobbit suffer for the film

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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2. Create the practice ticket using the Google form. putting the CEH v11 old exam's question and answer.
Follow the customized Google form's configuration
- Random give the question when you attend the simulate practice testing.
- Random give the answer option when you attend the simulate practice testing.
- Using the segment configuration for each question. It can be reviewed for mobile phone or PC's browser
(2-1) Collect the mail notification and then do the more and more practice.
3. Audit the CEH v11 old exam's question and its answer
4. After pr acting the simulate test, analysis the failed item again.
1. Answer each question is greater than 50 seconds. Don't answer the question very soon. Because of you might see the new question.
2. CEH v11 exam will change the question every 3rd week per month. Thus, when you got the old exam's question and its answer. Please take or re-take your exam quickly.
Hit rate of old CEH v11 exam questions:
Answer correct rate:


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A car is considered antique by the Antique Automobile Club of America if it is 25 years old or older, so a 1970 pickup truck would be considered an antique. U.S. Customs rules also consider a car that is 25 years old or older to be classic or antique.Continue Reading
U.S. Customs dates a car's age from its date of manufacture. For an item other than a car to be considered antique, U.S. Customs requires the item to be over 100 years old.
The term "antique" generally refers to any older collectible item. The term originated from a French word. The term "vintage" suggests a particular year or era of production, and is often used in combination with that era, such as "a vintage 1950s chair" or "a vintage 1958 teapot." The term "vintage" is used much more loosely than "antique" in the collectibles trade. The term vintage also comes from the French, and was originally applied to wine ("vin" in French) to denote the year of its production. A wine's vintage is always attached to the year of its production, such as a 1988 Bordeaux. In classifying a 1970 pickup truck, it is correct to use the word "antique," although "vintage 1970 pickup truck" is also accurate.Learn more about Car Makes & Models


Automated Coin Toll System (ACTS)
AT&T developed and used a system for over 25 years that handled automated dial-direct long distance coin-based telephone calls. This system was known as ACTS (Automated Coin Toll System). This page describes the history of the system and its eventual disconnection.
History & Overview | How did ACTS Work?
Transition to OSPS | Why did AT&T discontinue ACTS?
ACTS lives on.. sort of
History and Overview of ACTS
Before automated operator systems, all pay phone based long distance calls had to be completed with the help of an operator. People dialed "0" and told the operator the desired number and she had to handle all charged manually (known as a manual ticket), as in the old days of long distance before automated billing systems.
The Bell System (AT&T Long Lines) invented the TSPS (Traffic Service Position System) automated operator system in 1969, based upon the #1ESS switch. With this system, 0+ (zero plus) operator assisted dialing was possible. This means that operator-assisted calls could be direct dialed and automatically billed.
However, this significantly helped operators with pay phone based long distance calls. Now pay phone customers could direct dial-their own long distance "1+" calls (as they could at home) as well as operator-assisted "0+" calls. TSPS was a significant step forward in operator bases services.
Even with TSPS, the operator still had to verbally inform the pay phone customer the amount the charges were, and in some cases, had to stay on the line to verify answer supervision (since some pay phones were not capable of coin return). Also, an operator had to be summoned every few minutes to collect extra money, and to collect money after a call had been completed.
AT&T needed a way to automate the process and to keep down the use of actual operators. Hence ACTS (Automated Coin Toll System) was invented.
ACTS debuted in Phoenix, AZ in 1977 as part of an already existing TSPS. Other TSPS systems were modified by the early 1980s for ACTS.
How did ACTS work?
ACTS was a combination of three separate systems that worked in unison. The first was the TSPS system. The second was the ACTS system (with voice prompt announcements) working in conjunction with TSPS, and the third part were the pay phones themselves.
Pay Phones
Pay phones send multi-frequency tones in response to money deposited in the coin slot. These signals are as follows:
Nickel Signal: 1700hz + 2200hz at 60 ms long
Dime Signal: 1700hz + 2200hz at 60 ms on, 60 ms off, twice repeating
Quarter Signal: 1700hz + 2200hz at 33 ms on, 33 ms off, 5 times repeating
TSPS switches handled answer supervision and billing. Also handles coin collection and coin return. TSPS control signals from the TSPS to the central office that physically controls the pay phone are as follows:
TSPS Coin Collect 700Hz + 1100 Hz at 1 second
TSPS Coin Return 1100 Hz + 1700 Hz at 1 second
TSPS Ringback 700Hz + 1700Hz at 2 seconds
(Note: All of these are proceeded with a 2600Hz "wink" of 33 ms on/33ms off/33 ms on)
ACTS sub-system (part of TSPS)
The ACTS sub-system of TSPS handled the automated voice announcements ("Please deposit 50 cents for the next 3 minutes") and worked with TSPS for coin deposit (start of call) coin collection/coin return (at end of call).
Transition to OSPS
In the late 1980s and early 1990s, AT&T phased out the original TSPS system with a more modern OSPS system (Operator Services Position System) which is based upon the AT&T/Lucent #5ESS switch. ACTS had a seamless transition and for many, the system was identically the same as it had been in the TSPS system.
When and why did AT&T discontinue ACTS?
By the early 1990s, many companies, including AT&T were issuing pre-paid calling cards. The use of pre-paid calling cards significantly reduced the cost of long distance calls from pay phones. (Long distance calls via ACTS, even if customer dialed, were still billed at very expensive Operator Assisted rates).
COCOTs (Customer Owned Coin Telephones) came into being shortly after post-divestiture of AT&T in 1984. The number of telephone company controlled pay phones were decreasing at an enormous rate. Most COCOTs handled their own long distance call billing. And by the 1990s, a number of telephone company pay phones were converted to COCOT like technology. They too handled their own billing.
What was the final nail in the coffin was the wide availability of inexpensive cellular phones. By the late 1990s and early 2000s, more than half of the US population had a cell phone. Many of these cell phone plans have a large number of minutes and free nationwide long distance. So for many people, the pay phone became obsolete.
AT&T wanted out of the long distance pay phone business for a number of years. They were forced to stay in the business by FCC mandate as part of the AT&T breakup in 1984. But by the early 2000s, they were charging extremely high rates - as much as $6 (and more) for a 3 minute out-of-state phone call! As a result, many people didn't use pay phone based long distance services for a number of years.
In addition, AT&T had to have special operator trunks to handle pay phones. These special trunks (known as Feature Group C) were able to "hold your line" so that the operator had complete control of the phone line and would not release it until they wanted to. ACTS also had this capability. Feature Group C trunks were more expensive than Feature Group D trunks, which do not have line holding capabilities.
Armed with this information, AT&T petitioned the FCC that they drop the requirement that AT&T had to provide coin telephone long distance. The FCC granted dropping of the requirement.
Starting in the early summer of 2002, AT&T started changing from Feature Group C to Feature Group D operator trunks. Telephone companies, one by one, started to block Inter-LATA (outside of your home LATA) pay phone long distance calls to OSPS. At the same time, OSPS was blocking long distance calls coming to it. In both cases, the caller received rejection recordings. Very rarely callers were able to know why, as most were given "generic" messages that the call could not be completed as dialed. Qwest was one of the first companies to start the disconnection, and Verizon was one of the last ones to drop Inter-LATA pay phone long distance. By October 2002, AT&T's ACTS was history.
ACTS lives on... sort of
ACTS technology is not completely dead, yet. Many RBOCs (Regional Bell Operating Companies) such as Qwest, SBC and Verizon still have Intra-LATA (inside your own LATA) pay phone long distance services.
Some RBOCs (including Verizon and Qwest) use Nortel's TOPS (Toll Operator Position Station) for their operator services platform - based upon their DMS-200 tandem switch. TOPS systems were installed in the 1980s when RBOCs were forced to start their own operator services and "break away" from using AT&T.
The TOPS system has their own ACTS-like system for handling coin phone based long distance. The system works in a very similar way that the TSPS and OSPS based ACTS system did. However, the voice prompts are different, as they use a woman's voice that has a French Canadian accent.
However, RBOCs are not handling Inter-LATA coin phone based long distance services via TOPS. If they do offer coin phone based long distance services, they offer it though pay phones that use COCOT technology, rather than using ACTS like technology.
Listen to TOPS based ACTS from SBC (1 min) (Source: Strom Carlson)
Copyright 2008 Telephone World
Page last modified December 24, 2008
Contact us for more information


Funding and Support
Alberta Metallic Silhouette Association
The Alberta Metallic Silhouette Association was founded in September of 1977, to assist rifle clubs in Alberta to set-up silhouette ranges, unify rules used to coordinate matches in and outside of the province and assist silhouette shooters however possible.
What is Metallic Silhouette Shooting all about?
Metallic Silhouette began in Mexico as a rifle shooting game where live animals were used as targets atop a high ridgeline to offer an outline or "silhouette." In the early '70's the American Shooters discovered metallic silhouette and brought it north of the border. Initially individuals fired only with high-powered rifles and were hampered by the need for rifle ranges which had the required 500-meter distance. Popularity increased dramatically in the 1970's when the National Rifle Association incorporated it into their competition schedule and created smallbore and air rifle classes that allowed the course of fire to be shot on smaller ranges.
Watch a video about our sport and organization below!
Alberta Metallic Silhouette Association AMSA Logo
Silhouette Rifle Association of Canada


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Walruses in Greenland
The walrus with its large body and highly distinctive tusks is easily recognisable. Its tusks can grow up to 50 centimetres (20 inches) in length and are used by the walrus as a useful tool, for example when hauling itself up onto an ice floe. The tusks are also used in self-defence when killer whales or polar bears attack the walrus, which can be up to 3 metres (10 feet) in length and weigh 1000 kg (2,200 lbs).
Where to find walruses
Walruses are seen on land and along the coast throughout East Greenland, in particular between 63° and 81° N. In North Greenland the Davis Strait, Baffin Bay and the Thule district are the best places to see walruses. In West Greenland - where the walrus does not venture onto land - they can be seen from Sisimiut and north towards the Thule district. Considering that Greenland's coastline is more than 44,000 km (27,500 miles) in length, walruses are relatively few in number.
Forage for food
Walruses generally stay close to the edge of the sea ice or on drifting ice floes where the depth of the sea is less than 100 metres (330 feet). Here it can dive to pick up mussels and molluscs, which make up its chief sources of nutrition, and it is thought that it uses its tusks to scrape the seabed looking for food.
Hunting for walruses
For the Inuits the walrus has always been an important animal to hunt, and one which was also particularly dangerous to meet in a kayak. Its beautiful tusks have afforded it respect in Greenlandic myths and legends, but also almost cost it its existence due to intensive hunting by foreign companies which began as early as the 17th century.
In 1952 the walrus became a fully protected species, and since that time populations have gradually recovered. Today quota-based hunting of the walrus takes place in Greenland's hunting districts, and the export of souvenir products from the walrus requires a CITES certificate, which can be obtained from tourist offices or in souvenir shops.


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To avoid damage caused by rodents, a mechanical block of the animals' access routes into buildings is the most important preventive measure. Some buildings are especially costly or difficult to protect mechanically, and the TxGuardian system provides a solution, an electric "fence", which works even when doors or gates have to be left open. The overall goal of the TxGuardian equipment is to effectively prevent rodents from entering buildings without killing or hurting them. The equipment, as tested in a laboratory setting, was very efficient in demotivating rodents from crossing the electric barriers. The electric shocks received by the mice and rats did not cause pain behaviour beyond the immediate pain nor severe pathoanatomic lesions to the animals.
The use of electricity to protect buildings against rodents - Results from an experimental study
The report summarize results from an experimental study to use electricity to protect buildings against rodents.


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Fixing the enum in C#
Let's put that superclass through its paces with a few NUnit tests. First off, EnumBase provides a Name() method that returns a string version of the element name:
 class EnumTests
 [Test] public void TestName()
 { Assert.AreEqual("FIRST", TestEnum.FIRST.Name() );
 Assert.AreEqual("SECOND", TestEnum.SECOND.Name() );
A ToString() does the same thing, but ToString() might be overridden in the subclass and Name cannot be overridden, so it's more reliable:
 [Test] public void TestToString()
 { Assert.AreEqual("FIRST", TestEnum.FIRST.ToString());
 Assert.AreEqual("SECOND", TestEnum.SECOND.ToString());
The Enum also provides a way to convert a string to an enum element, which is convenient when you're doing things like reading configuration files that use enum values. This conversion is done with a static ValueOf(string) method:
 [Test] public void TestValueOf()
 { Assert.AreEqual(TestEnum.FIRST, TestEnum.ValueOf("FIRST"));
 Assert.AreEqual(TestEnum.SECOND, TestEnum.ValueOf("SECOND"));
 // test that an exception is thrown if the argument isn't an enum element:
 Assert.Throws( ()=>TestEnum.ValueOf("Can't Exist") );
We sometimes need to be able to use the enum as an array index, so an Ordinal() method (that returns a unique integer value for each enum element) is provided for that purpose. Ordinal values start at 0, and are assigned in declaration order:
 public void TestOrdinals()
 { Assert.AreEqual( 0, TestEnum.FieldOne.Ordinal() );
 Assert.AreEqual( 1, TestEnum.FiledTwo.Ordinal() );
Finally, we need to be able to enumerate across the enum elements. TestEnum.Values() returns an IEnumerable collection of the elements, so a foreach statement works as expected:
 [Test] public void TestValues()
 { ICollection values = new List();
 foreach( var element in TestEnum.Values() )
 Assert.AreEqual(2, values.Count);
The only thing that's missing is a way to do a switch. The Ordinal() method isn't useful for that because the case values have to be constants, so it's not really a solvable problem. In a pinch, you can simulate a switch with a sequence of if/else statements that don't have that restriction.
Implementing EnumBase
The real work is all in the EnumBase class, so let's look at that (This class is in the same listings file as the eariler NUnit tests). Starting at the top with a few field declarations:
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Collections.Generic;
namespace Tools
 public class EnumBase where T:EnumBase
 private string fieldName; // = null;
 private int myOrdinal = -1;
 private static readonly Lazy> enumElements = // don't change this name!
 new Lazy>
 ( ()=>
 IDictionary dict = new Dictionary();
 FieldInfo[] theFields =
 typeof(T).GetFields( BindingFlags.Static
 | BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.DeclaredOnly);
 foreach( var item in theFields )
 if( item.IsInitOnly ) // it's readonly. Alread checked for static public with BindingFlags
 var theValue = (T) item.GetValue(null);
 if (theValue.GetType() == typeof (T)) // want an exact match. Don't use "as" or "is"
 dict.Add(item.Name, theValue);
 return new ReadOnlyDictionary(dict);
The field name and the ordinal are self-explanatory. Bear in mind that this class defines the fields and methods of each enum element, so every element carries around it's own field name and ordinal value. We'll look at how they're initialized shortly.
The enumElements field requires quite a bit more explanation. First, I'm using the IReadOnlyDictionary interface and ReadOnlyDictionary class. These are new to.NET, and aren't available if you're using Visual Studio 10. I've provided versions in the listings file in case you need them (simple wrappers around Dictionary that throw exceptions if you try to modify the contents).
The main issue is the use of a Lazy. This class just wraps a reference to another class. It calls the lambda that's passed in as an argument the first time you access enumElments.Value, returning a reference to the encapsulated object. Think of the lambda as a kind of factory method: The factory is invoked at first access to create the object. The factory method is fully thread safe, so you don't have to worry about two threads accessing Value simultaneously.
The enumElements dictionary holds all the enum elements and is indexed by the name of the element represented as a string. The problem that the Lazy is solving is order of initialization. enumElements is a superclass field, but it holds a list of objects that are created by the subclass. C# does define an order of initialization, but it turns out that this order is not always honored by debuggers. The best solution is to hold off on initializing the list until after all construction (both superand subclass, both static and instance) is completed. The object must be completely initialized, of course, when we call a method that accesses enumElements, so that's a safe time to initialize.
Looking at the actual initialization code, I'm getting the names of the enum elements out of the subclass using the magic of introspection. The code is simplified, considerably, by the generic argument T, which represents the subclass. Taking IDictionary dict = new Dictionary(); as an example. Given
 class MyEnum : EnumBase
 public static readonly MyEnum MEMBER = new MyEnum();
T will represent the class MyEnum, so the dictionary is effectively a Dictionary. Without using generics, the superclass's work would be much more difficult.
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If you've used any jQuery plugins in your time – and lord knows I used to live on jQuery plugins – then you've probably seen the example code tell you to wrap your plugin calls in a
$(window).load() but do you know what they are or how they're different? Most people are very familiar with
$(document).ready() but not a lot of love is given to
Say hello to
The jQuery docs for
$(document).ready() say it best:
A page can't be manipulated safely until the document is "ready".
But what does "ready" mean? In the context of the
$(document).ready() function, "ready" means that the DOM (Document Object Model – the browser's internal model of the markup on the page) is ready or fully constructed. Page rendering happens quickly to us but when it comes to code being executed on the page you always want to make sure that the DOM elements you are targeting with jQuery actually exist and are fully loaded (parents, children, and siblings). If you try to fire off a transition or a fade in/fade out on page load without wrapping it in a
$(document).ready() solves is also one of the reasons that loading all JS after all of your HTML and before the closing
 tag is a recommended best practice.
Have you ever seen code like this and wondered what it's doing:
1 2 3
$(document).ready()? It's actually right there. New jQuery developers aren't familiar with this shorthand which is equivalent to wrapping a function in
$(document).ready() like this code:
1 2 3
Wrapping your jQuery in
$() has the same effect as
$(window).load() function is similar to
$(document).ready() but goes slightly further. Instead of waiting for just the DOM to be ready,
$(window).load() won't fire until the entire page has finished loading. This means stylesheets, images, and any resources that are referenced immediately but may not have completed downloading by the time the DOM is ready.
Image sliders are pretty much the most popular jQuery plugin type there is and it's a perfect example of where
$(window).load() comes in handy. Let's say you have a series of images that will scroll in a slider automatically on page load. Let's go further and say that you want the user to be able to take in and read and text contained in those images (text in images is bad form but there are some cases where it's sort of acceptable) and/or viewing each image in order is important to understanding your page.
In a situation like the one described above the
 tags may be on the page and the DOM may be fully loaded and ready but you don't want to fire off any scripts to start timing and moving those images in your slider until every image in the set is finished downloading. If you wrap your code in
$(window).load() then you can fire off your slider safe in the knowledge that it won't start sliding before all the images have loaded, potentially showing users blank or half loaded slides and making the images appear out of order and without context.
So there you have it. The difference between


We implemented the algorithm used to detect Tap-Wave-Rub's wave gesture following the instructions in [1]. Whenever the user wants to make a phone call, Tap-Wave-Rub asks her to perform a wave gesture, if the wave gesture is not detected within 10 seconds Tap-Wave-Rub does not allow her to make the phone call.
In our attack, SMASheD records a valid wave gesture and replays it. SMASheD was able to deceive Tap-Wave-Rub successfully.
 1. Haoyu Li, Di Ma, Nitesh Saxena, Babins Shrestha, and Yan Zhu. 2013. Tap-Wave-Rub: lightweight malware prevention for smartphones using intuitive human gestures. In Proceedings of the sixth ACM conference on Security and privacy in wireless and mobile networks (WiSec '13). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 25-30. DOI=10.1145/_PHONE_._PHONE_ _URL_


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Humanistic Spirit and Scholarship Value of Ancient Chinese Scholars
Download as PDF
The humanistic spirit of ancient Chinese scholars can also be understood as the spirit of learning. It is said in "The Note of Learning" that " If jade is not polished, it cannot become a thing of use. If a man does not learn, he cannot know his duty." It shows that what ancient people advocated in the underdeveloped natural science and social science was still a learning spirit of reading changes life. There are very few serious scholars. Confucianism, Taoism, Legalism and Mohism all embodied the idea of "people-centered", they think of man as the center of the universe or take man as a small universe. To a certain extent, this kind of philosophy has influenced ancient Chinese scholars to pursue the maximization of human value, and has also beautified the energy of human being as the center of the universe. It has also played an important role in the formation of humanistic spirit, such as "The Theory of Zhouyi", "Analects of Confucius", "The Book of History" and "Filial Piety", thereby embodying this humanistic spirit into scholarship value. This paper discusses the origin of humanities, the formation of humanistic spirit and the embodiment of the value of ancient scholarship.
Ancient chinese scholars; Humanistic spirit; Scholarship value


Apple invention would create custom comic book from game experiences
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First on AppleInsider: After a user completes a video game, their unique experience — complete with recorded images and other data — could be turned into a custom-built comic book or e-book, based on a new patent application from Apple.
Revealed by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office this week, the application entitled "Automatically Generating a Book Describing a User's Videogame Performance" describes a system that would take data from a game, such as a unique character or performance from a game, and turn it into a book, e-book or comic book that the user could read or share. This story would be tailored to specifically represent the experiences of a gamer.
The concept is particularly interesting as video games become more advanced and offer players deep character customization, building an avatar in their own image or however they see fit. In addition, many games now offer players the ability to make complex moral decisions which often affect the outcome of the game.
"However, after completion of the videogame, the user's interaction with the game (and any story presented in the game) is complete," the patent application reads. "Further, the user may be unable to directly access the saved game file to view any data recorded throughout the game."
Apple's application specifically mentions and includes images from the Xbox 360 and PC title Mass Effect, which gives users the option of choosing dialogue for their character. Players can choose to help or harm others around them in a complex world where users are forced to make sometimes difficult moral decisions.
"In games such as Mass Effect, the selection of a dialogue response may make available additional or different dialogue responses," the application reads. "Thus, the entire conversation between the user's player character and the non-player character may be written into the recorded data... and may vary during each gameplay session."
Apple's invention would allow users to easily relive the experiences they created through a game, or share with others how their gameplay experience may have been different. Gamers could also quickly recall their experience rather than playing through the entirety of a game, which in some cases can take dozens of hours to complete.
"The recorded data may include character information, dialogue from the videogame, and results and metrics reflecting the performance of the user in the videogame," the application states. "The recorded data may be inserted into a narrative data structure and have pregenerated text. In some embodiments, the recorded data may be used as the basis for selecting among a plurality of pregenerated text."
Patent 2
The invention could even take into consideration how long a user takes to complete a puzzle in the game. That time, along with achievements, choices, conflicts, items collected and other events in the game, could be woven into the narrative.
Users could even purchase a physical copy of their own, customized comic book. The application describes a method to send the publication off to a server for printing.
Apple, in recent years, has become a major player in the mobile games market, taking an estimated 19 percent share in the U.S. However, portable games on devices like the iPhone and iPad are typically not as detailed and engrossing as those available for console systems like Microsoft's Xbox 360 or Sony's PlayStation 3.
Patent 3
But recent rumors have suggested Apple could get into the console business in a roundabout way, with an updated Apple TV allegedly running the iOS mobile operating system. If the new set top box has access to the App Store and third-party applications like the iPhone and iPad, it could make Apple a player in the console game market like Sony and Microsoft.
The application mentions games on both portable devices and consoles, mentioning systems made by Nintendo, Microsoft and Sony in addition to its own iPhone and iPod touch.


Question: How do I create a direct link to an image, or file on my website?
It may seem like a simple thing, but it's not entirely obvious how to get the exact link for an image or file on your WordPress website.
Here's how to do it.
1. Go to Media, Add New in your WordPress backend
2. Upload an image, PDF, or other file
3. Click Edit when the file is done uploading
4. Look on the right, where it says File URL, that is the direct link to the file for sharing
This is the direct URL you can give to people to download or go directly to that file, and will be accessible from anywhere on the web.


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Western wins grant for endangered species breeding study
The National Leadership grant, from the Institute of Museum and Library Services, will allow a team at the school to study how genetics can be used to maximize diversity and robustness in breeding endangered species. The study will focus on snow leopards, but researchers believe the findings could be applied to other endangered species in the future.
The research team at Western University will collect DNA samples from snow leopards and form a draft of its genome, which will be used to identify specific genes associated with immune function.
Oregon State University, the Great Plains Zoo & Delbridge Museum of Natural History and the Snow Leopard Species Survival Plan also will be involved in the study.


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Klystron show / hide
Electron tube in which high-frequency electromagnetic waves are generated and increased through the energy exchange between an electron beam and standing electric fields.
KTA Standard 1202show / hide
Safety related standard of the Nuclear Safety Standards Commission (KTA) on requirements on the handbook. This standard must be applied to content, structure, design, and development of the inspection list and the inspection instructions listed therein, jointly summarised in the handbook, of a stationary nuclear power plant. It applies to all periodic inspections of the systems specified in the nuclear licensing procedure that are important with regard to safety, and to their components and equipments.


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The tobacco plants are harvested for cigars two to three times yearly at Tabacalera Esteli. It takes about 80 to 90 days for a tobacco plant to fully develop from a small seed into tall plants ready for picking. The tobacco fields are planted with seedlings a few weeks apart so that the harvest is spread out throughout several months. This allows for careful and precise supervision of the crop and the subsequent hand selecting and picking of the leaves.
Every step is carefully supervised to make sure that the tobacco plants grow healthy.
Learn More. Continue to:
Or Return to:


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In light of the growing emphasis on individualization in healthcare, it is vital to take the diversity of inhabitants and users into consideration. Thus, identifying shared perceptions among group members may be important in improving healthcare that is relevant to the particular group, but also perceptions of the staff with whom interactions take place. This study investigates how motherhood is perceived among three groups: Somali-born mothers; Swedish-born mothers; and nurses at Swedish child health centers. Inequities in terms of access and satisfaction have previously been identified at the health centers.
Participants in all three groups were asked to finalize two statements about motherhood; one statement about perfect motherhood, another about everyday motherhood. The responses were analyzed using qualitative coding and categorization to identify differences and similarities among the three groups.
The responses to both statements by the three groups included divergences as well as convergences. Overall, biological aspects of motherhood were absent, and respondents focused almost exclusively on social matters. Working life was embedded in motherhood, but only for the Somali-born mothers. The three groups put emphasis on different aspects of motherhood: Somali-born mothers on the community; the Swedish-born mothers on the child; and the nurses on the mother herself. The nurses - and to some extent the Swedish-born mothers - expected the mother to ask for help with the children when needed. However, the Somali-born mothers responded that the mother should be independent, not asking for such help. Nurses, more than both groups of mothers, largely described everyday motherhood in positively charged words or phrases.
The findings of this paper suggest that convergences and divergences in perceptions of motherhood among three groups may be important in equitable access and utilization of healthcare. Individualized healthcare requires nuance and should avoid normative or stereotypical encounters by recognizing social context and needs that are relevant to specific groups of the population.
Evidence-based methods to identify behavioural problems among children are not regularly used within the Swedish Child healthcare. A new procedure was therefore introduced to assess children through parentand preschool teacher reports using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). This study aims to explore nurses', preschool teachers' and parents' perspectives of this new information sharing model. Using the grounded theory methodology, semi-structured interviews with nurses (n = 10) at child health clinics, preschool teachers (n = 13) and parents (n = 11) of 3-, 4- and 5-year-old children were collected and analysed between March 2014 and June 2014. The analysis was conducted using constant comparative method. The participants were sampled purposively within a larger trial in Sweden. Results indicate that all stakeholders shared a desire to have a complete picture of the child's health. The perceptions that explain why the stakeholders were in favour of the new procedure-the 'causal conditions' in a grounded theory model-included: (1) Nurses thought that visits after 18-months were unsatisfactory, (2) Preschool teachers wanted to identify children with difficulties and (3) Parents viewed preschool teachers as being qualified to assess children. However, all stakeholders had doubts as to whether there was a reliable way to assess children's behaviour. Although nurses found the SDQ to be useful for their clinical evaluation, they noticed that not all parents chose to participate. Both teachers and parents acknowledged benefits of information sharing. However, the former had concerns about parental reactions to their assessments and the latter about how personal information was handled. The theoretical model developed describes that the causal conditions and current context of child healthcare in many respects endorse the introduction of information sharing. However, successful implementation requires considerable work to address barriers: the tension between normative thinking versus helping children with developmental problems for preschool teachers and dealing with privacy issues and inequity in participation for parents.
Cites: Qual Health Res. 2006 Apr;16(4):547-_PHONE_


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Welcome to Bay Church's Online Giving
Online giving is a safe, easy, and secure way to support the ministries of Bay Church. This system enables you to support the church by making a one-time contribution or establishing a recurring contribution. Thank you for supporting the ministries of Bay Church!
For Clover account users: We have switched over to Planning Center for our online and text to give services to save on fees and for administrative reasons. Anybody who setup an account with Clover will have to create a new account with Planning Center if you want to setup recurring contributions. Sorry for the inconvenience and thanks for understanding.
Three Simple Steps
1. Enter your personal contact info.
2. Provide bank or credit card information.
3. Indicate the amount, frequency (one-time or recurring) and designation for your gift.
We are also offering the option to Text-to-Give. Text 84321 to give. Below is a video and step by step directions to Text-to-Give.
- Send an amount (example: $5 or $1.00) to the short code 84321.
- If the number isn't set up for text-to-give, a setup link will be sent back. Tap the setup link be guided to the next step.
- Select your church
- Enter your email address and, if prompted, your name.
- Enter the payment method you'd like to use for text-to-give. If you're already a donor and you've added a payment method before (say, a bank account for ACH or a credit card) then you can optionally log in to access your saved payment methods.
- Complete your initial setup donation. The initial donation, in most cases, will go to the default fund (usually the "General" fund). However, donations can be directed to more specific funds.
Photo Credit: Lauren Mancke


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Hello all, I would appreciate comments on the following question:
A main theorem of symmetric functions might be formulated: Let k be a field of char. 0. Then $k[x_1,...,x_n]^{S_n} = k[s_1,...,s_n]$, i.e. symmetric polynomials can be written as polynomials in the elementary symmetric polynomials. Moreover, $s_1,...,s_n$ satisfy no polynomial relations.
I want to see how to prove it using Galois theory. I thus consider the field $M=k(x_1,...,x_n)$ and its subfields $K=k(s_1,...,s_n)$ and $L$, the subfield of symmetric functions. Thus $K \subset L \subset M$. I then consider the polynomial $G(t)=(t-x_1)...(t-x_n)$. It has coefficients in $K$. $M$ is the splitting field of $G$ over $K$. Hence $[M:K] \leq n!$. From this we already see that $s_1,...,s_n$ satisfy no polynomial relations. On the other hand, $M$ has $n!$ different automorphism over $L$, which are permuting the $x_i$. Hence from Galois theory we can conclude that $L=K$.
My question is: How can I deduce the claim $k[x_1,...,x_n]^{S_n} = k[s_1,...,s_n]$ from the corresponding one for rational functions: $L=K$.
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
up vote 4 down vote accepted
I hope the following works. Let $A=k[x_1,\ldots,x_n]^{S_n}$, and let $B=k[s_1,\ldots,s_n]$. The polynomial algebra $k[x_1,\ldots,x_n]$ is an integral extension of $B$, and hence, a fortiori, $A$ is integral over $B$. I think your argument proves that $A$ and $B$ have the same fraction field. However, since $B$ is (isomorphic to) a polynomial algebra, it must be integrally closed, whence $A=B$.
share|improve this answer
The theorem that you are trying to reprove is true if $k$ is any commutative ring. – Tom Goodwillie Jul 4 '10 at 21:36
I was not trying to reprove any theorems, and in the statement of the question $k$ is a field. – senti_today Jul 5 '10 at 1:22
Thank you! It is exactly the kind of argument I was looking for. – Sasha Jul 5 '10 at 8:27
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Bali Jewelry
Discover our Bali jewelry curated selection, handmade in Sterling Silver and 18K Gold with Topaz, Turquoise, Tanzanite, and Labradorite and many more gemstones. Ethically crafted by Balinese artisans using traditional techniques. Find your new favorite rings, bracelets, necklaces and earrings or make a unique gift to that special someone. Every purchase supports an artisan in Indonesia.
FAQs about Bali Jewelry
What is Bali style jewelry?
Bali jewelry can be modern, antique or tribal. The best pieces are normally associated with the Majapahit Dynasty in Java and Bali as well as the awesomely superb filigree and granulation work of southern Sulawesi, specifically Makassar. Indonesia is not a large supplier of precious stones, so many designs are purely metal. One exception would be Kalimantan which is known for their specific but not high grade diamonds. The Balinese have a special appreciation for nature, the abundant flowering trees on their island, so you'll find traditional jewelry very ornamental. Popular imagery is flowers, sea creatures like turtles and sea stars, mandalas and Hindu gods and goddesses.
What jewelry is Bali known for?
The Balinese people are master craftspeople: wood carving is a significant part of their culture, and this comes through in some of the detailed jewelry designs. Traditionally, Balinese goldsmiths like to work with metal such as 18-22K gold and 925 sterling silver, because it is softer and more malleable for carving and chasing techniques.
What is the history of Bali's crafting tradition?
Bali's unique crafting tradition starts in the 14th century with the colonization by the Majapahit Empire of Java. In that period, the island gathered the world's best silversmiths and goldsmiths who made local craft flourish, inspiring generations to come until this day. It is especially for this long-lasting tradition that many people decide to purchase jewelry made in Bali.
Is Bali jewelry for men or women?
At our jewelry store, you can buy handcrafted Balinese items for both men and women., which makes it a nice gift for everyone.
What Balinese jewelry can I buy?
Our Bali jewelry collection features rings, bracelets, earrings and necklaces. Check out our website to view a full list.
What are the materials used in Bali jewelry?
Bali jewelry is famous for mastering the use of silver. A group of smiths from Singaraja, in the North part of the Island, trace their line back before the immigration of the Majapahit Javanese. Another clan of smiths consider themselves direct descendants of Brahma, the fiery Hindu God. The symbolic importance of precious metals in Hindu cosmology is reflected in the belief that the triple peaks of Mt. Meru, the abode of the Gods and the center of the world, are made of gold, silver and iron.
What is special about Bali jewelry?
Balinese silverwork is part of an ancient tradition.The art of metal work arrived in Indonesia in the Bronze Age from Southern Chinese and Southeast Asian areas. Bronze drums, dated from as early as the fifth century BC, have been found throughout the archipelago, and some of them are believed to have been cast in Bali. The accumulation of wealth which ensued encouraged the refinement of many art forms, including jewelry. By AD 1,000 gold and silverwork in Java had reached a level of artistry as high as that of the bronze caster. The abundance of gold was documented by a Chinese trader who reported in 1225 that Javanese criminals, except for thieves and murderers, were not imprisoned or subjected to corporal punishment but fined in gold.


Antanaclasis Definition
What is antanaclasis? Here's a quick and simple definition:
Antanaclasis is a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is repeated within a sentence, but the word or phrase means something different each time it appears. A famous example of antanaclasis is Benjamin Franklin's statement that: "We must all hang together, or assuredly we shall all hang separately." In this example, the first time "hang" appears it means "stay" or "stand," while the second time it refers to being "hanged."
Some additional key details about antanaclasis:
 - Antanaclasis derives from the Greek word, "antanáklasis," which literally translates to "reflection."
 - Antanaclasis, with its focus on multiple meanings of the same word or phrase, is a form of pun.
 - Advertisers frequently use antanaclasis to write catchy and persuasive slogans.
Antanaclasis Pronunciation
Here's how to pronounce antanaclasis: ant-an-uh-class-iss
Antanaclasis and Pun
Antanaclasis is a special form of pun. Puns are a broader category into which antanaclasis fits, for two reasons:
 - Structure: Antanaclasis has to occur within a single sentence and involve the repetition of a word or phrase. Puns don't require either. For instance, take the joke "Why don't you ever get hungry at the beach? Because of the sand which is there." There's no repetition in this pun on the words "sand which is," and it's set up across multiple sentences.
 - Type of pun: Puns can play with the meaning of words in multiple ways. For instance, a pun can be homophonic, meaning they play with the meanings of two words that sound alike (like "sand which is" and "sandwhiches" in the example just above). Puns can also be homographic, meaning they play with the different meanings of words that are spelled the same way. Antanaclasis cannot be homphonic; it is always homographic, as with the different meanings of the word "hang" in Benjamin Franklin's comment.
All this adds up to a simple fact: all examples of antanaclasis are puns, but not all puns are antanaclasis.
Antanaclasis Examples
Antanaclasis can be found in everything from classical literature to contemporary pop culture, from Shakespearean plays to popular song lyrics to advertisements.
Examples of Antanaclasis in Shakespeare
Shakespeare was a great practitioner of antanaclasis. The device appears in a number of his plays, in moments both comic and tragic.
Antanaclasis in Henry V
In Henry V, after England has invaded and defeated France in battle and the play is nearing its end, the comic and rather unscrupulous character of Pistol declares:
To England will I steal, and there I'll steal.
Here Pistol uses two meanings of the word "steal." In the first appearance, he uses the meaning "to sneak away." In the second, he uses the more common meaning of the act of theft.
Antanaclasis in Twelfth Night
In Twelfth Night, the character of Feste pulls a prank on another character named Malvolio. Feste's prank involves getting dressed up in the robes of a priest to trick Malvolio. As he goes off to do his mischief, Feste says:
Well, I'll put it on, and I will dissemble myself in 't, and I would I were the first that ever dissembled in such a gown.
The first "dissemble" here means to "disguise," while the second means to "lie" or to "act hypocritically." Note how, when the word is repeated, it has a slightly altered form (it's in the past tense rather than the present). That's okay; it still counts as antanaclasis.
Antanaclasis in Othello
Near the end of Othello, a candle burns in Desdemona's bedroom as Othello enters with the intent to kill her because he has been convinced that she has been unfaithful to him. He says:
Yet she must die, else she'll betray more men.
Put out the light, and then put out the light.
In this example of antanaclasis, the first "light" refers to the candle, while the second refers to Desdemona's life. It's worth noting that this example of antanaclasis is a slightly less straightforward than most others. That's because in this example Othello uses a literal meaning for "light" in its first appearance, but he uses "light" figuratively in its second appearance. If you look up "light" in the dictionary, you won't find any definition according to which it means "life." Rather, Othello's use of "light" to mean "life" is metaphorical.
Examples of Antanaclasis in Song Lyrics
The witty repetition that takes place in antanaclasis can give power to a memorable chorus or refrain. Here are a couple of examples of antanaclasis in popular music.
Antanaclasis in "Where the Green Grass Grows" by Tim McGraw
In this song, Tim McGraw includes a lyric that uses "bars" to refer to a place where you buy a drink, and to protective rails that block access:
And there's bars on the corners and bars on my heart
Antanaclasis in "Sir Duke" by Stevie Wonder
In this song, Stevie Wonder makes it clear that while anyone can make a record, not just anyone can make a good record:
Just because a record has a groove
Don't make it in the groove
The first "groove" refers to the grooves etched into records that the needles of records run through in order to then create sound. The second "groove" refers to making people want to dance.
Examples of Antanaclasis in Advertising
The pun in antanaclasis can produce pithy, witty statements that stick in the mind. It's no wonder, then, that brands often use antanaclasis for taglines. Here are some examples:
 - "Cats like Felix like Felix" — Felix Cat Food, whose mascot is a cat named Felix
 - Translation: Cats that are similar to Felix like this brand of cat food.
 - "The long cigarette that's long on flavor" — Pall Mall Cigarettes
 - Translation: This cigarette is longer than others and has a lot of flavor.
 - "People on the go... go for Coke" — Coca Cola
 - Translation: Busy people buy Coke.
 - "If you don't get it, you don't get it" — The Washington Post
 - Translation: If you don't buy this newspaper, you won't know what's going on.
 - "When you run out, run out to White Hen" — White Hen Pantry
 - Translation: If you run out of something you need, come to our convenience store.
Why Do Writers Use Antanaclasis?
Writers use antanaclasis for a variety of reasons:
 - To spark an ironic play on words or make a joke.
 - To make a slogan, catchphrase, or line more memorable.
 - To create a rhythm through repetition that sticks in the listener's head, much like in a song's chorus.
 - To use the pithiness and wit of antanaclasis to convince others of an argument, especially as a concluding line (as in Ben Franklin's "We must all hang together, or assuredly we shall all hang separately).
 - To contrast and emphasize the two different meanings of the repeated word in a way that can emphasize either comedy or tragedy.
Other Helpful Antanaclasis Resources


Famous People Who Died in 884
The Most Historically Significant Person Who Died in 884 Was Ahmad ibn Tulun.
Recognized by over 1,000,000 people
Thursday, September 20
Death date
Wednesday, May 10
Ahmad ibn Tulun is the most famous person who died in 884. They were born on a Thursday. They died on a Wednesday. Their Zodiac sign is ♍ Virgo. Their Chinese Zodiac sign is 兔 Rabbit. They are considered the most important person in history who died in 884.
Their birthplace was Baghdad
Fame statistic for people who died in 884
Number of Famous People:
Top 100%Weak
Fame Power of People:
Top 85%Weak
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text: A novel form of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) coated copper(I) oxide nanoparticle (Cu2O-NP) was prepared and used to catalyze azide-alkyne click reactions in water under aerobic conditions. The nanoparticles were well dispersed in aqueous solutions and have a size of 20±10 nm, as determined by transmission electron microscope (TEM). Inductively coupled plasma (ICP), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses demonstrated that the main content of Cu2O-NP is copper(I). The cytotoxicity of it was evaluated by an in vitro 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and its catalytic efficiency for azide-alkyne click reactions was studied in water and organic solvents at physiological temperatures. Our results indicate that Cu2O-NP is more efficient in catalytic reactions in water for both aliphatic and aromatic azides and alkynes and less toxic than the commonly used CuSO4/reductant catalyst systems.


SQL Anywhere 11.0.1 » QAnywhere » QAnywhere Reference » QAnywhere transmission and delete rules
Rule variables
QAnywhere rule variables can be used in the condition part of rules. You can use the following as rule variables:
Using properties as rule variables
Message properties and message store properties can be used as transmission rule variables. In both cases you can use pre-defined properties or you can create custom properties. If you have a message property and a message store property with the same name, the message property is used. To override this precedence, you can explicitly reference the property as follows:
 - Preface a message store property name with ias_Store.
 - Preface a message property name with ias_Message.
For example, the following automatic transmission rule selects all messages with the custom message property urgent set to yes:
automatic = ias_Message.urgent = 'yes'
The following automatic transmission rule selects messages when the custom message store property transmitNow is set to yes:
automatic = ias_Store.transmitNow = 'yes'
Variables defined by the rule engine


The Evolution of the All Blacks' BMI
By Phoebe Falconer
The evolution of the All Blacks is clearly seen in changes to the dreaded body mass index (BMI).
Even though the height of some players hasn't changed significantly, their BMI (calculated from the ratio of weight to height) has increased over the past 50 years or so. This is particularly noticeable among the props. However, the change in height among the backs has increased at a greater rate than their BMI.
Elaine Rush, professor of nutrition at AUT University, puts this down to several factors.
Predominantly the rise can be attributed to a change in ethnicity of representative rugby players, and better knowledge of nutrition and training methods.
"The demographics of New Zealand have changed," says Dr Rush. "Statistics collected up until the mid-1990s did not include many Pacific Island people or Maori, who in general are not taller but weigh more. And All Black teams 50 or so years ago contained fewer Polynesians.
"People selected for elite sport do not represent the general population. They can afford and are educated about the right nutrition." Muscle can be conditioned and trained. The sort of exercise that rugby players do has a large component that is anaerobic - short and sharp, with a strength that builds a bigger type of muscle fibre.
It appears from research that Polynesian people have more of this type of muscle than Europeans.
"The latter tend to have more aerobic muscle, which lends itself better to sports such as soccer and marathon running."
But rugby players, and others who do a lot of sport, need to be careful when their playing days are over, says Dr Rush.
"They become used to eating great quantities of food, as they need to do while they train and play. Take away the exercise and the fat may creep on."
Nicholas Gill, strength and conditioning coach for the All Blacks, says that as the players are now professional, they take their livelihoods seriously and are using the information and resources available to them.
"The strength and nutrition programmes do change their weights. Sometimes the goal of a gym programme is to increase muscle mass but more often than not it is designed to increase strength and power and prevent injury." This means that even though the All Blacks are larger than the average New Zealand man, typically rugby players have been getting leaner, with less body fat, over the past few years, says Gill.
But we still have some seriously big units in the All Black team and while we expect this trend will continue (in general, each generation is bigger than the last), we can't yet boast the tallest international rugby players of all time. That award goes to Richard Metcalfe, who played at lock for Scotland from 2000 to 2002. At 2.13m (7ft) he had plenty of reach in a lineout.
We do have the heaviest, however - Neemia Tialata weighs in at 136kg.
- NZ Herald
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How to Read a Manitowoc Serial Number and Model Number
Reading Time: 5 minutes Ice Machines 101
Manitowoc serial number
There are many different models and styles of Manitowoc ice machines on the market. From ice dispensers, and nugget ice makers, to air cooled ice machines, there are a lot Manitowoc ice machine options out there. The Manitowoc ice machine serial number and model number can help you identify if a machine is under warranty or specifics about the ice machine.
In this article, we'll teach you how to read a Manitowoc ice machine's serial number and model number nomenclature.
How to Read a Manitowoc Ice Machine Serial Number
Manitowoc serial numbers on post-2006 have two numbers that identify the date the machine was manufactured and warranty information the manufacturer uses to identify if there are any ice maker components under warranty.
You can find a Manitowoc serial number's location on the back of the ice machine.
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Manitowoc Serial Number Date Code
Manitowoc serial number date
In post-2006 models, the date the ice machine was produced is not included in the serial number. You can find the date listed above the serial number listed as "MFG DT". A Manitowoc serial number's nomenclature is easy to decipher. The four-digit code is listed as year followed by the month of production. For example, in the example above the label reads MFG DT 1809, the machine was manufactured in September 2018.
In pre-2006 models, the date is included in the serial number. This code uses the same nomenclature as newer models but places he four-digit code right before the serial number. For example, if the serial number is 160868304, the "0508" would mean the machine was manufactured in August 2005.
Manitowoc Serial Number Usage
Manitowoc serial number
The rest of a Manitowoc serial number is important because it provides the manufacturer with valuable information about existing warranties on their machines. If you're running into ice machine issues and want to see if your particular Manitowoc commercial ice machine model is under warranty, you'll likely need to provide this number to Manitowoc customer service.
Ice machine technicians may also need this number to see if any ice machine repairs are covered by the manufacturer – which saves you money in repair costs.
The number is listed on the back of the machine under the label SERIAL NO.
Information Found Inside a Manitowoc Ice Machine Model Number
Reading a Manitowoc ice machine's model is different than how you would read a Manitowoc serial number. This 8-digit alphanumeric code tells you everything about the machine, from the ice type to the type of refrigerant it uses.
A Manitowoc model number will tell you:
 - Model Version
 - Ice Type
 - Refrigerant Type
 - Production size
 - Type of Condenser
 - And more
Model numbers are different between brands. For example, a Hoshizaki model number provides much of the same information, they're just presented differently.
Model Version
Just like cars, ice machines go through changes and upgrades to stay up to date with emerging technology.
Manitowoc ice machines come out with new models every few years. Currently, the Manitowoc Indigo NXT ice machine is the most recent. Past models include the Q series. As new models come forth, look to see that letter change to reflect the newest technology.
A Manitowoc commercial ice machine model number uses the first letter to signify the newest model.
Ice Type
The ice type is the shape of ice the ice machine makes. Manitowoc has 5 different ice types in their machines, Half-dice, Dice, Regular, Flake, and Nugget.
In a Manitowoc ice machine model number, the ice type is found directly after the model version.
Here is a list of the types of ice below:
Refrigerant Type
Some Manitowoc Indigo NXT ice machines use a different type of refrigerant than others. This is to meet federal guidelines for a more energy-efficient ice maker (some refrigerant is more energy-efficient than others).
In a Manitowoc ice machine model number, the letter following the ice type signifies the type of refrigerant the machine uses.
There are two types of machines that use different types of refrigerant.
 - T = R10A refrigerant
 - F = R404A refrigerant
While many ice machine owners aren't concerned with the type of refrigerant their ice machine uses, it is important information for an ice machine technician to know.
Production Size
The Manitowoc ice machine model number will also let you know the maximum amount of ice an ice machine can produce. This is normally signified by a four-digit number, signifying the amount of ice an ice machine will produce in 24 hours. In the US, the number is in relation to pounds.
The Manitowoc ice machine production size is listed after the dash following the refrigerant type.
Type of Condenser
Manitowoc ice machines have three condenser types available on their ice makers: air-cooled, water-cooled, and remote. The type of condenser lets users know how the machine cools itself down.
Air cooled machines use the surrounding air to cool condenser coils. Water cooled ice machines use water to cool down. Remote ice machines place the condenser outside, away from the ice maker machine.
In a Manitowoc ice machine model number, the type of condenser is shown in the letter directly following the production size.
Here is a list of Manitowoc condenser types:
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2 Comments on "How to Read a Manitowoc Serial Number and Model Number"
 1. I have an older Manitowoc ice making machine Model S570. Is this an air cooled or water cooled machine. I am looking to replace it and wondering what Manitowoc model is relatively similar?
 1. Hello Ron,
 Thank you so much for reaching out. The model you provided looks like the model number for the bin, which is what holds the ice. There are a few different models that can fit on that bin size, so it would be best to locate the model number of the machine itself. This is an 8-digit alphanumeric code that generally looks something similar to this: IYF-0600A. The 0600 in this case represents the production of the machine (approx. 600 lbs), and the "A" represents air-cooled machine.
 A = Manitowoc air cooled ice machines
 W = Manitowoc water cooled ice machines
 N = Manitowoc remote cooled ice machines
 Here are some Manitowoc ice maker models that you can use to reference.
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In the middle of industrial Grangemouth, Jupiter is a fantastic example of how wasteland can be transformed into an urban green space that provides a rich habitat and haven for wildlife. The centre is open all year and there are lots of ideas for improving gardens for wildlife.
Address: Jupiter Urban Wildlife Centre, Grangemouth FK3 8LH
Changes to visiting
We have put a few temporary changes in place to keep our staff and visitors safe:
- Visits will be limited to walks and self-led activities, including pond dipping, for the time being. We are exploring how we can restart our ranger-led events as soon as it is safe to do so.
- To allow our visitors and staff to physically distance while visiting, we may temporarily pause entry to the reserve if our visitor numbers have reached capacity. If this is the case, we will place signage at the entrance gate.
- To allow for physical distancing on our pond boardwalk we will be limiting the number of groups/families which can pond dip at one time.
- Entry to the building will be limited to essential access to our public bathroom. If possible, please "Go before you go"!
We have achieved Good to Go certification and have also implemented some new features, including:
- Increased hygiene measures, including hand sanitiser dispensers and an outdoor sink for hand washing
- Increased cleaning
- Regular wiping down of common touch surfaces
- Increased signage
- New risk assessments
- Visit an urban wildlife oasis
- Introduce children to wildlife
- A wasteland returned to nature
- Plenty of variety in a small area
- Pond dipping
Best time to visit?
- Mar to May for woodland birds
- May to Aug for wildflowers
- Aug for dragonflies & damselflies
- Sept to Oct for fungi
Our events are currently on hold due to Covid-19. Please check back soon for more information.


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Cleaning and refurbishing of optical elements for lasers
The technology equipped with lasers cannot be without quality optical elements that need to be regularly checked and, if it is necessary, cleaned, refurbished or replaced. Early intervention can prevent situations where, due to the pollution of the optical element, the surrounding components are burnt and destroyed. This is accompanied by a significant financial expense and production stoppage for a repair time that takes more time than just routine checking.
Our regular inspections contain checking and optics cleaning. If needed, the optics is replaced by a new one and the original optics is taken to be refurbished, if its condition allows it and it is still economical.


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A male Western Lowland Gorilla born at the Oklahoma City Zoo on Valentine's Day was given a name on his one-month birthday: the baby will be called Leom, which combines the last two letters of his mother's name, Kelele, and his father's name, Bom Bom.
Leom is the first birth for 19-year-old Kelele, who has ben providing excellent care to her newborn. Female Gorillas carry their infants 24 hours a day, never putting them down. Leom's father, Bom Bom, was a beloved 36-year-old silverback who died in July 2012 of cardiac arrest.
Photo Credits: Andrea Wright (1,3,4,5); Gillian Lang (2)
The zoo's three young male Gorillas, who have never seen a baby Gorilla before, are very curious about Leom. Kelele, always protective of her baby, keeps her distance from them for now.
With Leom's birth, the Oklahoma City Zoo continues its involvement in the
Gorilla Species Survival Plan (SSP) through the Association of Zoos and
Aquariums (AZA). One of the SSP's most important roles is to ensure that the Gorilla
population remains healthy, genetically-diverse, and self-sustaining.


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I found this word today, and I thought it was pretty interesting. I read it in the context of "becoming and adult", or "coming of age", but I'd like to know the etymology of it. I could only find definitions for the word itself, not its origins. At first blush it looks like "one person before/ahead", but it also seems like 人前 can mean a portion of food. "One person's portion of food"? (Perhaps someone is now big enough to have an adult's portions?)
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1 Answer 1
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The etymology is itinin + mae. I could say more about mae, but more likely you are wondering why it means this.
The key is understanding that -mae is a suffix which means: 1) an amount or portion suitable for X; sannin-mae: a serving such as food) suitable for three people 2) emphasises ones attributes or functionality; otoko-mae "manly", ude-mae "skill, prowess"
Source (seems to be popular lately): Daijirin, Daijisen
In itinin-mae, the sense is "a person of ability and skills", hence an adult. This is the second meaning given above. Depending on the context, the first meaning is also possible: a serving (such as food) suitable for one person.
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text:
How it works
- APSL scholarships are aimed at school children between the ages 9 to 17, or up to the completion of GCE A levels, whichever comes first,
- The Scholarship Coordinator, through local coordinators, informs the Sri Lankan schools of the bursary, eligibility criteria and how to apply,
- Teachers look out for gifted children at risk of dropping out of education due to economic hardships,
- Children identified are discreetly approached and informed of the scheme, provided with application forms and encouraged to apply,
- Applications completed by parents or guardians and countersigned by schools headteachers are sent to the APSL Scholarship panel for consideration,
- Selected applicants are informed in writing. They sign to accept the offer and provide a bank account in the child's name to receive the funds,
- Each recipient is given Rs5000 during the first month followed by Rs3000 each month thereafter.
On-going monitoring is carried out through the local coordinators who provide regular reports to APSL, to ensure that
- Appropriate use of funds for the befit of the child – through a monthly statement from Parent / guardian,
- Educational progress: through copies of end-of-term school reports.
- Which determines the continuation of funding from one year to the next.


text:
There are three FAI Rotorcraft Certificates of Proficiency: Bronze, Silver and Gold (see Sporting Code, Section 9, Chapter 7).
The levels of pilot experience achieved throughout the scheme are recognised by the award of the appropriate Certificate when the minimum requirements are met or exceeded. The form and the colour of the badges are valid internationally.
How to order a Certificate of Proficiency
Requirements for Certificates of Proficiency
The following licences are to be submitted and experience to be proved :
In addition one of the following requirements must be met:
In addition three of the following requirements must be met:
In addition four of the following requirements must be met:
The FAI keeps a list of the names of all pilots holding Certificates of Proficiency.


African American Military History Museum Hattiesburg Zoo Hattiesburg Saenger
Easter Enrichment
Saturday, April 6
Watch the animals as they use their natural instincts to interact with our themed enrichment activities. The enrichment program at the Hattiesburg Zoo helps keep our animals happy and healthy by providing stimulating and challenging surprises to the animals' environments. Throughout the day, zookeepers will incorporate fun activities into the animals' regular schedules to help address the animals' social, psychological and physical needs.


text: Castletownbere is the main town on the Beara Peninsula, a working fishing port and focus of commercial activity of this region. It caters well for the traveller in search of sustenance or a place to stay and time spent in this area is rewarded by unforgettable memories. The ancient landscape bears the signs of human settlement from the earliest times and there is something elemental in the interaction of landscape, light, ocean and mountain. Once again the outdoors beckons at every turn, with fishing, hillwalking, cycling and sightseeing being key activities. The old copper mines at Allihies have a fascinating story to tell dating back thousands of years and the museum there is well worth a visit. The first sight of the village itself from a distance is one never forgotten and on a sunny day the nearby beach is a hive of activity for young and old alike.


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The sea by james reeves
In this poem, james reeves describes the sea in 3 different parts of the year in the 1st stanza the sea is compared by a metaphor ta a hungry dog this shows that in the cold winter days the sea. 1 the sea by james reeves the sea is a hungry dog, giant and grey he rolls on the beach all day with his clashing teeth and shaggy jaws hour upon hour he gnaws. 'the sea', a modern poem by james reeves is an interestingly original new way of how we can look at the sea even the way the verses are placed like waves to completely immerse the reader into the atmosphere, shows imagination. The poem "the sea," by james reeves, presents to the reader a whole new different and imaginative view of the sea you would expect that the sea and a dog are two completely unrelated things in this world, but whilst reading this intelligently thought out poem, you come to realise that they are in fact very alike and share many similarities.
Poetry homework help i have been given an essay question for a poem we are studying in class the poem is 'the sea' by james reeves question: explain how reeves uses imagery effectively throughout the poem the poem: the sea the sea is a hungry dog, giant and grey. The poem 'the sea' by jreeves compares the sea at its various moods, to a "dog, giant and grey" the thrashing waves are 'gnawing'at the stones on the beach,'licking' them it is rather uneasy during storms and it 'snuffs and sniffs" but on quiet days, the sea is so calm, as a. The sea by james reeves extract 'the sea is a hungry dog, giant and grey he rolls on the beach all day' this poem is excellent for developing personification and metaphor. The sea by james reeves is rich in imagery and in creative metaphorical relations made between the sea and the idea of a dog the poem is not, however, rich in theme in discussing the formal.
Immediately download the analysis of 'the sea' by james reeves summary, chapter-by-chapter analysis, book notes, essays, quotes, character descriptions, lesson plans, and more - everything you need for studying or teaching analysis of 'the sea' by james reeves. Poem 'the sea' by james reeves comprehension english assignment hi in english we have an assignment on a poem written by james reeves the sea please help me out the poem is here the sea is a hungry dog, giant and grey. The theme of the poem the sea by james reeves is the roughness of the sea and the almost never ending activity of the sea the sea is a hungry dog, giant and grey he rolls on the beach all day. 1) the two aspects being identified are the characteristics of the dog and the sea james reeves is personifying the sea as if it were a dog 2) james reeves is mentioning the vastness of the sea by calling it giant.
A copy of the poem with some questions for students to answer teacher copy with answers provided. James reeve's poem the sea remains as a piece of literature that could be appreciated and enjoyed by the reader visualizing the varied tones and behaviour form of the sea in its luster and its fierceness 3rd one. A look at the poem the sea by james reeves and how the imagery he uses to describe the sea can also be found in the new collection of poems by denny bradbury, de:versify. Start studying the sea by james reeves learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Using james reeves' poem 'the sea' students complete tasks and then attempt their own extended metaphor poem.
The sea by james reeves
"the sea" by james reeves essay sample jreeves has successfully used the dog metaphor to elicit the behaviors of the sea at many occasions the poet compares the different behaviors of the dog at different moods with the sea. The poem "the sea," by james reeves, presents to the reader a whole new different and imaginative view of the sea you would expect that the sea and a dog are two completely unrelated things in this world, but whilst reading this intelligently thought out poem, you come to realise that they are. The sea poem by james reeves - poem hunter the sea is a hungry dog, giant and grey he rolls on the beach all day with his clashing teeth and shaggy jaws shaggy = hairy.
The sea by james reeves class viii poem analysis summary in bengali - duration: 20:08 kutubuddin molla 6,184 views 20:08 sleep sounds stormy sea 60mins natural sound and video. Elements of poetry (partial list) by elsa pla wwwwritecookcom notice the sensory details in the following lines from "the sea" by james reeves: the giant. The seajames reeves mother nature is just like everyone, beautiful and attractive, with a lot of features and resources that help us live - short note on the sea - james reeves introduction.
The sea by james reeves jordyn wood 4-30-14 alliteration in the last stanza is the letter s the reason i say this is because of the words sandy shores and. Free essay: the sea by james reeves the main idea of the sea by james reeves is that the sea is similar to a dog in so many ways they both share similar. The poet compares sea to a dog in different moodsthe sea, by james reeves, basically talks about how the sea is similar to a dog in many occasions he says that sea is a hungry dog he eats what ever comes in. "the sea" by james reeves is a three stanza poem that includes the use of metaphor, imagery, onomatopoeia, and varied rhyming schemes in the first stanza, the poet uses a metaphor to say.