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Dagdan Tree
Also known as Magebloom
The Dagdan Trees, or Magebloom, are found in the forests of Ismena and are well known for their unique properties. Not only do their blooms provide humans the ability to use small amounts of plant magic, but their wood is used for making objects of power for mages across much of Casimira.
Basic Information
Dagdan trees are the biggest known trees in Casimira. If allowed to grow to their full height and width, even dragons have a hard time flying above them and it takes over 400 average-sized humans stretching as far as they can to reach all the way around them. Their lowest branches are so high off the ground that only some form of flight allows anyone to reach them.
Beyond their size, Dagdan trees are also well known for their unique colors. The trunk itself appears to be nothing special on the outside, but inside is a deep purple color. The leaves are a wine red and when the sun shines through the forest canopy, it appears as if the very forest has a red tint.
When the trees are blooming, the branches are covered in clusters of delicate pink flowers.
Biological Traits
The trees have one specific property that makes them different from any other: they absorb any drop of magic sent their way. But not in the way that makes the forest around them feel stagnant, if anything it makes the forests they inhabit some of the most beautiful in the world.
Biological Cycle
Like other deciduous trees, the Dagdan do bloom in the spring and lose their leaves in the fall. While their leaves do not appear to have any magical properties, the blooms act in the same way as small pieces of crystal and allow even the least adept human to perform minor plant magics.
Additional Information
Uses, Products & Exploitation
Dagdan trees are primarily used in the creation of objects that hold crystals for use by a mage. It can take any shape, from a staff to a dagger, a table to a door, but because of its unique way of absorbing magic and resisting it, it has become immensely useful to those who cast magic. Crystals are embedded within the wood to allow magic to be channeled through it. Because the wood itself has resistance to that magic, no matter what is cast, the object will remain undamaged.
Whoever found that tree was a genius! I've burned clothing, books, even my eyebrows, but my pendant is never damaged! Not a single burn mark!
— A very grateful (and somewhat singed) fire mage
Objects created from the tree's wood also have the ability to hold the magic it absorbed before its creation. However, there is one major difference among these objects of power: whether they were given by the tree or taken from them. Cut wood can only release this magic at the holder's discretion, though ones made by the tree can still absorb magic and are often used to store more than the mage could normally handle alone.
In addition to the wood, many people across Casimira collect fallen leaves as a symbol of good luck. The blossoms are also collected when they begin to fall in late spring to be taken to farms to aid in growing a good harvest.
Releasing the magic stored within takes little energy from the mage and can be shaped and channeled through the embedded crystals just as any other spell. If any attempts are made to use the raw magic the wood has stored without a crystal focus, the explosion of power can be immense and has claimed the lives of many who have attempted this.
Geographic Origin and Distribution
Dagdan trees are only found in the forests of Ismena, despite several attempts to plant them elsewhere. However, instead of an entire forest full of them as there once was, now there are several groves that are carefully tended and protected.
Perception and Sensory Capabilities
While Dagdan trees have never appeared to have any kind of spirit within them, they are very much alive. Some say this is because of all the magic they have absorbed over the lifetimes they have existed.
Objects of power given freely by the trees also have this otherworldly sense that makes them seem alive. It is not yet known if that were to fade if all the magic was drained from it.
Civilization and Culture
The properties of the Dagdan trees were first discovered around the same time as the first school for mages. They had been searching for a long time for a way to hold a crystal focus that wouldn't involve damaging the crystal itself and embedding it into wood or metal seemed like an ideal solution. However, none of the materials they tried were able to withstand the raw power flowing through it. Eventually, the mages began searching deeper into the forests and discovered the Dagdan trees when their spells of light were absorbed and pulled away from them. Excited by the possibilities, the mages from the school resolved to find a way to cut down the trees and shape the wood by hand.
Even humans who have never touched magic could feel deep in their bones when the first tree was cut. Entire towns were moved to escape the sounds of the very forest crying out. The places where those trees died began to wither and die, the surrounding forest dying with it. Within a few years, cutting down Dagdan trees was banned and research was begun to find another way to approach these trees to create objects of power. It was then that mages began to realize that they could approach the tree with their crystals and good intent and merely ask. The lowest branches would wrap around the mage asking for their help and when they lifted back up, the mage would be holding a beautiful magic focus, made of the wood of the Dagdan.
Any magical focus or other object of power created by this peaceful method seems to be both an extension of the earth and that of the mage, as if the tree looked into their heart and created something perfect for them.
After the power held within the flowers was discovered, the yearly Blossom Festival sprung up to celebrate the trees and the connection that the people of Ismena have with them. The festival includes a walk through the forest to the groves to collect the first fallen blossoms.
Common Myths and Legends
Among dragons, the forest of Dagdan trees features prominently in their legends. Only plant dragons hold the True Memories, but glimmers of knowledge remain among the others of the forest on the day their race rose up and burned the world. It is said that pure, glimmering magic cloaked the forest that day and kept the flames and ash from reaching inside, protecting all living things that remained there. It is thought of as the last gift of the goddess of magic to the world.
The moment I stepped into the forest, the air around me shimmered, as if filled with magic. The sun shining through the leaves overhead painted the world, not in hues of gold as the outside world might expect, but in every shade of red imaginable. Even if I lived as long as the Dagdan, I could never do those colors justice.
— Anonymous Poet
Unknown, no one in recorded history has seen one die from old age
Conservation Status
The Dagdan trees are highly protected because of their unique properties. Groves are either grown in secret or heavily guarded by those who care for and nurture them. When it was first discovered, the species was nearly brought to extinction with overuse, but the remaining trees have been highly protected ever since to prevent this from happening again.
Average Height
around 820m
Average Length
around 82m in diameter
Geographic Distribution
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Cover image: by Steve Wilson
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Eternal Sage AmélieIS
Amélie I. S. Debruyne
31 Mar, 2021 07:20
Great article! I'm happy to finally see it XD That sounds like a very useful tree :D Some notes I took while reading, feel free to ignore them if you don't have the time to do any edits or just don't want to bother: I think if you don't give more anatomy details, it would be good to compare your tree to a reference tree and say they look similar but bigger – like an oak for example. Lifespan: "die of age" should be "of old age" Conservation status; I just feel that it's missing a "again" at the end? OR maybe "actually happening". Random thought: is it a deciduous tree? IF so, do the leaves have special properties? Do people collect them in autumn? "ones made by the tree" do the trees actually make objects themselves? You have to explain this more :D – ah you see you've done that at the bottom. I think you can do some reordering of the sections there. In fact, coming back to this sentence it's a bit confusing "However, objects created from cut wood can only release this magic at the holder's discretion, ones made by the tree can still absorb magic and are often used to store more than the mage could normally handle alone." I get what you mean but you could change it slightly to make it clearer (by saying that the objects made from cut wood cannot absorb new magic, just release what they have right now) "but because of its unique way of absorbing magic and resisting it, it has become immensely useful to those who cast magic." I feel that this need a bit more elaborating, but you've already mentioned before that. The second paragraph from the biology should maybe be moved here, as it's more about uses than biology. Also, can the wood be used to absorb some offensive magic as a kind of


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The application of non-destructive methods to assess the stability of the national nature monument of the Pravčická Brána Rock Arch, Czech Republic
Příspěvek v časopisu
- GEOBIBLINE - Fulltexts
The study contains the results of non-destructive research of the Pravčicka Brana Rock Arch which focuses on the structure and natural dynamics of this rock formation and its current level of stability. The main results include a description of the block fabric of the rock body and the nature of the contact zone between the arch beam and the southern pillar, discovery of relatively fresh secondary fissures and identification of zones with weakened strength within the sandstone massif. Also the local hydrodynamic regime was determined by a combination of geophysical methods. Long-term monitoring has demonstrated slow and irreversible body movements and reversible quasicyclical movements associated with changes in temperature on a scale of days up to years. The collected information was used to develop a structural deformation model of the arch body, including a description of the nature of the disintegration. The work was designed to fully respect the protective conditions of the site, to facilitate future follow-up activities and to monitor any possible negative changes in the rock massif.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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10 different voices (5 High and 5 Low)
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*Note: This unit must be directly connected to a telephone in order to work


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How Leaders Create Winning Streaks
Executive summary of a Harvard Business School Publishing Virtual Seminar presentation by Professor Rosabeth Moss Kanter, on "Confidence: How Leaders Create Winning Streaks (and Avoid Losing Streaks)."
Presentation date: November 2, 2004
The following is a summary of the virtual seminar covering:
- The definition, levels, and cycles of confidence.
- How leaders prevent losing streaks and instill organizational confidence.
- The keys to building an organizational culture and foundation of confidence.
Confidence in an organization is more than just a spirit of "We can do it." It is the foundation, systems, and culture involving positive behaviors such as open communication, self-scrutiny, respect, teamwork, accountability, collaboration, and initiative that result in winning. In turn, winning breeds greater confidence and raises the company to an even higher level.
Building organizational confidence, especially in turnaround situations where organizations have been on losing streaks, is the work of leaders. Leaders must instill confidence by combining short-term "bold strokes" to quickly mobilize the organization, with initiating a "long march" that changes systems and habits. Leaders must start by building credibility and confidence in the organization through small wins. This can occur by fixing the work environment that people see every day and investing in people even prior to the achievement of results.
Using examples from sports and business, and responding to numerous listener questions, Professor Kanter discussed her research and conclusions from her most recent book, Confidence: How Winning Streaks and Losing Streaks Begin and End, regarding the importance of confidence as a driver of business and organizational success.
1. Confidence, or lack of it, is not just a characteristic of individuals, but applies to organizations and their external stakeholders. Defining confidence is simple: positive expectations for success. But, achieving and maintaining confidence is not as simple. Confidence falls at the midpoint between despair, which results in feelings of hopelessness and helplessness, and arrogance, which triggers complacency and a sense of false entitlement. Confidence produces peak performance: a willingness to invest, commit, work hard, persist and persevere, making confidence a highly desirable trait.
There are four levels of confidence, with each level building on the prior one:
- Self-confidence: This is what most people associate with confidence. This is a personal attitude of high aspirations and expectations; it is the belief that "I can do it."
- Team confidence: This is having confidence in each other, counting on each other, giving and receiving respect and support, and giving and taking responsibility.
- System confidence: This entails organizations having confidence in the organizational structures and routines for accountability, collaboration, and initiative.
- External confidence: This is confidence that external stakeholders, based on their positive expectations produced by the previous three levels of confidence, will invest to provide resources (money, time, energy, etc.).
2. Confidence and winning is a cyclical process that feeds off of itself, as does lack of confidence and losing. These cycles involve both internal and external confidence. Internally, a good mood and positive work environment lead to positive behaviors such as open communication, self-scrutiny to continuously improve, respect, and cooperation. Positive behaviors lead to good problem-solving based on information and facts, teamwork and speed, and creativity and courage; in turn, good problem-solving leads to disciplines and practices that take organizations to a higher level of accountability, collaboration and initiative. Each of these factors lead to winning, and winning reinforces the actions and leads to greater confidence.
This holds for external confidence as well. Winning yields positive attention from the press and stockholders, which further increases the resources available to the company—this includes attracting the best people who like to work for winners. Winners get better deals and are left alone by others who don't want to disrupt the winning.
Losing is the exact opposite. The culture of losing is one of bad organizational mood; low energy, and self-doubt; dysfunctional behaviors with blame and infighting; lack of information and less teamwork that results in poor problem-solving; and disciplines and practices that are eroded. These losing behaviors in turn cause the organization to lose even more, which also translates into a decline in external confidence. Negative attention and bad press lead to fewer and less loyal fans and to declining external resources; losing teams get less favorable deals; and the effects of losing cause disruptions and distractions.
3. Maintaining a winning streak, and preventing a losing streak, does not entail having no troubles, but overcoming them. The secret of winning streaks is obvious—not to lose; avoiding losing streaks is just as obvious—not to lose twice in a row. Streaks are about confidence and momentum. No organization or situation is perfect; troubles are inevitable and include natural disasters, strategic threats, fumbles ("dropping the ball") and fatigue. The key to winning is recognizing that troubles will occur, and finding a way to win even when experiencing problems and making mistakes. This can occur by anticipating the troubles that are likely to occur, and by practicing harder and working harder. (The example was shared of the University of Connecticut's women's basketball team, which has its starters practice not against five other players, but against eight, to simulate the most difficult circumstances imaginable, and therefore making the actual game easier.)
Winning streaks end when organizations move away from and neglect the cornerstones and basics that led to winning. This includes denial in seeing apparent problems, lack of open communications, and panicking, which results in anxiety, abandoning the plan, and throwing the organization into chaos.
4. Building organizational confidence, and turning losing streaks into winning streaks, is the work of leaders. Great leaders build winning streaks, prevent losing streaks, and in turnaround situations, they focus on changing the momentum. Turnarounds are always worse than the new leader thinks because the organization is depressed and skeptical because previously promised changes have not come to fruition. And there are problems under the surface that haven't even been discussed.
Leaders have to combine "bold strokes" that have an immediate impact with initiation of a "long march." Bold strokes coming from the top of an organization can result in fast and specific changes, but the changes are likely to be short-term, and the organization's systems and habits will remain unchanged. The long march, which will be slower, fuzzier, and where the leader has less control, creates sustained long-term momentum by changing the systems and habits to build organizational confidence.
The work of leaders is to build confidence in others, even prior to achieving positive results; the confidence that is created will actually lead to the intended positive results. Two actions that leaders can take which have a positive symbolic value include:
- Fixing what people see every day. This is a small and simple step that creates a good mood and positive behaviors. It can include cleaning up the work environment and solving basic problems that workers find annoying. Also, it is a small win that builds the credibility of the leader. Confidence and winning streaks are built through small wins.
- Investing in people to show them that they are worth it. As opposed to holding out a reward for achievement of results, a strong sign can be an investment in people before results are achieved. By showing that the leader thinks that the organization merits the investment, it boosts organizational confidence. Just the slightest glimmers of confidence in losing organizations can get the ball rolling.
5. Leaders create a culture of accountability, collaboration, and inspiration.
- Assure accountability: Make information transparent and accessible, by fostering straight talk and communicating the facts, which builds trust and prevents denial.
- Cultivate collaboration: Create conversations across the organization; talking is required to solve problems and to reinforce respect and inclusion. Define goals that define success and that signal how each person contributes to achieving the overall goals.
- Inspire initiative: Encourage new ideas and treat people with respect as experts in their work. Encourage small wins that make a difference and build momentum.
The example was shared of Continental Airlines. Prior to 1994, Continental had been on a ten-year losing streak, having been through ten CEOs during this time. The culture was dysfunctional with secrecy and infighting. When Gordon Bethune became CEO, he set a goal of becoming one of the top four airline carriers based on on-time performance, and offered to share equally with all employees 50 percent of the cost savings achieved by better service. Employees were motivated to achieve this goal and showed initiative in taking actions that helped the company achieve it. Results were communicated through regular voicemail messages sent to all employees.
The result: Continental changed its culture, energized employees who felt, "We are all in this together," and achieved its goal within one month. The company then raised the bar on its goals year after year. During a difficult time for airlines, Continental consistently outperformed the industry. The company's culture was on display during the power grid failure of September 2003, when two of Continental's three hubs went dark and other airlines grounded their fleets. Continental's employees, displaying initiative and confidence, assured safety and kept flying, even adding flights for stranded passengers from other airlines. During the two-day blackout, Continental generated an extra $4 million, while all of the other airlines lost money.
Other Important Points
- Optimists versus pessimists. Winners tend to be optimists who seek out information, even if negative. Pessimists are often in denial and don't want to know the truth so they don't seek information.
- Practice. For athletes to practice is clear, but how do business people practice? By refining the technical skills that they use in their profession, and by tackling difficult problems that stretch them.
- Honesty. Companies need honest assessments of reality. These can be gained through anonymous surveys.
- Higher standards. For organizations on neither winning or losing streaks, but

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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There are some things we just can't help but be curious about. And while it may seem like a strange topic, there's actually more to know than you might think.
We've all seen those videos of dogs licking menstrual blood off the ground and wondered what they're thinking – or if they're even aware that it's coming from humans at all. Why would they want to do that?
Here's The Short Reason To Why Dogs Lick Period Blood:
The most possible explanation is that dogs are attracted to the taste and smell of menstrual blood. Other reasons include bad habits, rewarded behavior, boredom, and anxiety.
5 Common Reasons Why Your Dog Licks Your Period Blood
Here are more in-depth explanations for each of the reasons why your dog might be licking your period blood:
1. They're Attracted To The Taste And Smell
Out of all the possible reasons as to why dogs lick menstrual blood, all vets that I've talked to agree that this is the most likely one.
It has been long known that dogs possess a powerful sense of smell, which is many times stronger than ours. As a comparison, humans have 6 million smell receptors, while dogs have up to 300 million.
To put it into perspective, they can smell 100,000 times better than humans, or quoting an analogy from Dr. Michael T. Nappier, DVM, DABVP, of the Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, "It is so sensitive that [dogs can] detect the equivalent of a 1/2 a teaspoon of sugar in an Olympic-sized swimming pool."
This heightened sense of smell is what makes their noses become their main primary tool to explore and gather information about anything they come across.
To provide just another example of how powerful dogs' noses are, there is an article from Understanding Animal Research that talks about how dogs can be trained to detect certain diseases such as cancer and diabetes just by sniffing a person's breath or body odors.
But why are they so attracted to period blood?
It all comes down to apocrine glands, which are located in the groins and armpits. These glands produce a pheromone that not only relays all different types of information, such as age, sex, mood, and reproductive status but also sets off all kinds of reactions in dogs, sexual or not.
And this is where it all comes together. When you are menstruating, there are likely pheromones coming off of you in high concentrations, which makes your blood all the more attractive to your dog.
They're not just licking it because they think it's fun (although that could be one reason too), but because they legitimately can't help but be drawn in by the smell.
2. They Pick Up This Bad Behavior from Other Dogs
While this is one of the most unlikely reasons why your dog licks your period blood, it's still a possibility. Dogs are just like us in that they can pick up bad habits from each other.
If your dog happens to be licking up a lot of menstrual blood, it's possible that another dog in the household started this habit and that your pup is just simply following suit.
But I have only one dog in the house, you might be thinking.
Even if that's the case, it's possible that they learn this habit from somewhere else, such as at a friend's house that your dog happens to be spending a lot of time at.
Fortunately, there is a simple solution for this if it turns out to be the reason. You can train your dog not to do certain behaviors by consistent reinforcement of the acceptable behavior.
3. You Have Inadvertently Encouraged The Behavior
Now, I'm not saying that you're purposely rewarding your dog when they lick up your period blood by giving them treats or petting them, but providing any type of attention could inadvertently be interpreted as a reward.
Let me explain it more.
If you have children, you have most likely seen them do something wrong and yelled at them. For example, you might yell something like, "Jimmy, stop it!"
In the case of your child, Jimmy knows that you're mad, and he knows why you are angry, so he stops doing whatever it is that caused your anger.
With your dog, however, the opposite effect may occur. They don't understand human language, so they may not know what they're being yelled at for. But there is one thing that they do understand, and that's attention, regardless of the intention behind it.
So when you yell at them, guess what? They're actually more likely to continue doing whatever it was they were doing even more because they're thinking, "Okay, I must be doing something good because I elicit some type of emotional response out of my human."
4. They're Scavengers
In the wild, dogs' ancestors were scavengers, which means that they're always attracted to the scent of blood as it means that there is an opportunity to find food.
Even thousands of years of the domestication process can't change these primal urges. So while you may find it gross, when your dog smells your menstrual blood, they're instinctively driven to investigate it in case there is some food source waiting for them.
5. Anxiety and Boredom
Anxiety can make dogs do some pretty strange things, and licking period blood is one of them. Maybe they're feeling anxious because you've been away all day or there are some big life changes happening in their life, such as moving to a new home.
It's also possible that your dog just simply gets bored, and one way of relieving boredom is by licking things around them – and your menstrual blood happens to be an easy target.
A good clue of when anxiety might be the reason is when your dog shows other signs of anxiety, such as excessive scratching or incessant barking.
Which Dogs Are More Likely To Do It?
When it comes to dogs licking period blood, any dog has the potential to develop this habit given the right circumstances. However, in my years of experience, the most cases that I have seen are with male dogs.
That's not to say that female dogs never lick menstrual blood, but it just seems to be more common in males.
Male dogs seem to be more attracted to scents than female dogs. It may not necessarily be menstrual blood that they're attracted to, as it could just as easily be another scent. But if your period blood happens to smell different from usual and enters their radar, they're more likely to investigate it out of curiosity.
Also, if you have a dog that is bred for hunting, such as bloodhounds and basset hounds, they're much more likely to be driven toward scents.
How Can You Get Your Dog to Stop Licking Your Period Bad
So what can you do to prevent them from licking your period blood? Here are some tips to try.
1. Reduce Their Accessibility
This is by far one of the best ways to stop dogs from licking menstrual blood. You want to be mindful of where you leave your pads and tampons lying around the house. You can do this by simply keeping your used pads and tampons in pet-proof trash can so that your dog can't get to them.
Another thing you can do is to keep your laundry hamper in a place where your dog can't reach it or put the dirty laundry in a room where your dog can't get to it.
2. Bag Your Used Pads and Tampons
This simple step will also go a long way to stop your dog from licking your menstrual blood.
Whenever you want to throw your used pads and tampons away, you can simply put them in a sealable zipper-style plastic bag before disposing of them in the trash can. This will help contain the scent of your period blood and make your dog much less likely to investigate it.
3. Spray a Little Dog Repellent Around the Rim of the Trash Can
A little deterrent can go a long way. If you're having trouble keeping your dog from getting to your trash can, you can try spraying a little dog repellent around the rim. This will turn them off from wanting to investigate the trash can any further.
4. Keep Your Bathroom Door Closed
Out of all the solutions that I've suggested, this is probably the simplest one to do. Just close your bathroom door while you're having a period, and that way, you can minimize your dog's access to your menstrual blood.
There are several reasons why your dog may be licking your period blood.
It could be because they find the smell irresistible, because another dog in the house has started the bad habit, or because you inadvertently encourage the behavior by giving them attention.
Anxiety and boredom are also possible culprits. No matter what the reason is, there are simple solutions that can help put an end to it.
By reducing your dog's access to your pads and tampons, spraying a little deterrent around the rim of the trash can, or keeping your bathroom door closed, you can help keep your dog from licking your menstrual blood.
1. Why Does My Dog Lick My Underwear?
There are a few possible reasons why your dog may be licking your underwear. One reason could be that they find the scent irresistible and are simply trying to get a closer whiff.
Another possibility is that they are seeking attention and see this as a way to get you to interact with them. A more serious explanation could be that your dog has Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome (CCDS).
2. Why Does My Dog Lick My Legs?
There are a number of reasons why your dog may be licking your legs. One reason could be that they are trying to show you affection.
Another possibility is that your dog is seeking attention and sees this as a way to get you to interact with them. A more serious explanation could


Meaning of chhed in english - Chhed meaning
Meaning of chhed in english
Interpreting chhed - छेद
Suggested : the organ of sight, in vertebrates typically one of a pair of spherical bodies contained in an orbit of the skull and in humans appearing externally as a dense, white, curved membrane, or sclera, surrounding a circular, colored portion, or iris, that is covered by a clear, curved membrane, or cornea, and in the center of which is an opening, or pupil, through which light passes to the retina a puncture made by a needle, thorn, or the like an opening through something gap aperture the act of piercing or perforating, as with a pointed instrument or object an opening, as a hole, slit, crack, gap, etc
Exampleछेद का हिन्दी मे अर्थSynonyms of chhed Antonyms of chhed
Word of the day 5th-Aug-2021
Usage of छेद:
1. आईफोन 7 खरीदने वाले कई उपभोक्ताओं ने अपने नए फोन को ड्रिल मशीन से छेद डाला हैamarujala.com2. यूट्यूब पर मजाकिया वीडियो देख आईफोन 7 को ड्रिल मशीन से छेद डाला amarujala.com3. हम तुममे इतनी छेद करेंगे कि कन्फ्यूज़ हो जाओगे कि सांस कहाँ से ले और..'जैसे धमाकेदार डायलॉग वाले 'दबंग' के चुलबुल पांडे ने आज से ठीक 6 साल पहले ही धमाल मचाना शुरू किया था और आज तक उनके प्रति दीवानगी का सिलसिला जारी हैlivehindustan.com
1. These cards are the player's hole or pocket cards. 2. Lack of melanin in the eye also results in problems with vision 3. A hole is classified by its par 4. Mujib was withdrawn from school in 1934 to undergo eye surgery 5. The opening of the Woodlands Extension introduced bolder pieces of artwork 6. wool wad or Lanice floss, The most part coarse wool 7. The type B plug has two flat parallel blades like type A 8. D'Where does the excitement when I see you? Fig 9. Absolutely, Which is affected can touch 10. Finally, Marines generally consider it an insult to be called a "soldier"
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Skip to definition.
Noun: celiac trunk
 1. An artery that originates from the abdominal aorta just below the diaphragm and branches into the left gastric artery and the common hepatic artery and the splenic artery
 - celiac artery, truncus celiacus, arteria celiaca
Derived forms: celiac trunks
Type of: arteria, arterial blood vessel, artery
Encyclopedia: Celiac trunk


Mixed Bump Dots
These Bump Dots allow a variety of uses from tactile marking of everyday items such as computer keyboards, telephone keypads, and multiple switches to adding feet to vases and ceramic pieces. In homes or offices with both blind and sighted people, use the clear dots so the view of keypad displays aren't obscured. For those with low vision, use black dots on a white background (and vice versa) or the fluorescent orange dots on patterned or darker backgrounds.
There are 8 different types of sizes and colors, 10 of each style for a total of 80 pieces in one package.


Wrong number of arguments (Error 450)
The number of arguments to a procedure must match the number of parameters in the procedure's definition. This error has the following causes and solutions:
 - The number of arguments in the call to the procedure wasn't the same as the number of required arguments expected by the procedure.
 Check the argument list in the call against the procedure declaration or definition.
 - You specified an index for a control that isn't part of a control array.
 The index specification is interpreted as an argument but neither an index nor an argument is expected, so the error occurs. Remove the index specification, or follow the procedure for creating a control array. Set the Index property to a nonzero value in the control's property sheet or property window at design time.
 - You tried to assign a value to a read-only property, or you tried to assign a value to a property for which no Property Let procedure exists.
 Assigning a value to a property is the same as passing the value as an argument to the object's Property Let procedure. Properly define the Property Let procedure; it must have one more argument than the corresponding Property Get procedure. If the property is meant to be read-only, you can't assign a value to it.


Specify time structure for Heath-Jarrow-Morton interest-rate tree
TimeSpec = hjmtimespec(ValuationDate, Maturity, Compounding)
Scalar date marking the pricing date and first observation in the tree. Specify as serial date number or date character vector.
Number of levels (depth) of the tree. A number of levels (NLEVELS)-by-1 vector of dates marking the cash flow dates of the tree. Cash flows with these maturities fall on tree nodes. Maturity should be in increasing order.
(Optional) Scalar value representing the rate at which the input zero rates were compounded when annualized. Default = 1. This argument determines the formula for the discount factors:
Compounding = 365
Compounding = −1
TimeSpec = hjmtimespec(ValuationDate, Maturity, Compounding) sets the number of levels and node times for an HJM tree and determines the mapping between dates and time for rate quoting.
TimeSpec is a structure specifying the time layout for hjmtree. The state observation dates are [Settle; Maturity(1:end-1)]. Because a forward rate is stored at the last observation, the tree can value cash flows out to Maturity.
collapse all
Set the Number of Levels and Node Times for an HJM Tree
This example shows how to specify an eight-period tree with semiannual nodes (every six months) and use exponential compounding to report rates.
Compounding = -1;
ValuationDate = '15-Jan-1999';
Maturity = datemnth(ValuationDate, 6*(1:8)');
TimeSpec = hjmtimespec(ValuationDate, Maturity, Compounding)
TimeSpec =
 FinObj: 'HJMTimeSpec'
 ValuationDate: 730135
 Maturity: [8x1 double]
 Compounding: -1
 Basis: 0
 EndMonthRule: 1
Related Examples
See Also
Introduced before R2006a
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string.
However a class determines object identity, it is important that it is reflected in the global identifiers. Logically equivalent objects in different stores should have the same identifier, and objects that are not equivalent should have different identifiers.
Change Tracking
Change Tracking is a term used to describe how a sync algorithm determines what has changed since the last synchronization event, and thereby what should be changed locally. Each change to an object (often called a delta) is usually handled as a CRUD operation: a creation, read, update, or deletion.
One of the first choices that needs to be made is the granularity that the recorded changes will take. Should all properties in an entity be updated if any single property changes? Or should only the changed property be recorded? The right path may vary; I'll discuss this more as we delve into details.
In either case, you need a means to record a change. In the simplest case, this could just be a Boolean attribute in the local store, indicating whether the object is new or has been updated since the last sync. In a more advanced algorithm, a change could be stored outside the main store as a dictionary of changed properties and with an associated timestamp.
Conflict Resolution
When you have two or more stores representing the same logical set of data, the potential for conflicts exists. A change to an object in one store could occur at about the same time as a change to the corresponding object in a second store, with no intervening sync. These changes are said to have occurred concurrently, and some action may be necessary to leave the conflicting objects in a consistent and valid state across all stores once they sync up.
In the simplest of all worlds, reading and writing a store can be considered an atomic operation, and resolving conflicts simply involves choosing which version of the store to keep. This is actually more common than you might think. For example, the document-syncing capabilities of iCloud are handled this way: when a conflict arises, the user is asked to choose the version he or she wishes to keep – changes from the conflicting stores are not merged.
There are many ways to decide which changes take precedence when resolving conflicts. If a central server is involved, the most straightforward approach is just to assume the latest sync operation takes priority. Any change present in the operation overwrites previously stored values. More complex systems involve comparing the creation timestamps of conflicting changes and keeping the most recent.
Conflict resolution can get tricky, and if you have the choice, you should avoid it altogether by devising a model that simply cannot become invalid due to concurrent changes. In a new project, this is much easier than trying to think of all the possible invalid states that could arise.
Relationships can be particularly troublesome (and that's not a commentary on human interactions). Take a simple one-to-one relationship between entities A and B. Imagine Device 1 and Device 2 both begin with object A[1] related to object B[1]. Device 1 creates an object B[2], relates A[1] to B[2], and deletes B[1]. Concurrently, Device 2 also deletes B[1], but creates B[3] and relates that to A[1].
Orphaned object
Orphaned object arising from conflicting changes to a one-to-one relationship.
After synchronizing, there will be an extra, orphaned B object that is unrelated to any A. If there were to be a validation rule requiring the relationship, you would now have an invalid object graph. And this is about the simplest type of relationship you can imagine. There are many other twists and turns possible when relationships are involved.
However conflicts like this are resolved, it is important that the resolution be deterministic. If the same scenario occurs on two different devices, they should end up taking the same action.
This may seem obvious, but it is very easy to get wrong. Take the example above. If your resolution involves randomly picking one of the B objects to delete, at some point the two devices are going to delete different objects, and you will end up with no B objects at all. You should strive to delete corresponding B objects from each device. This can be achieved by sorting the objects first, and always picking the same object.
Synchronous Communication, Peer-to-Peer (S-P2P)
Now that we have covered common elements of all sync algorithms, let's finish off by looking at the specific approaches introduced earlier in more detail, beginning with SC methods.
Let's start with the simplest workable S–P2P solution imaginable. Assume we have a Mac app like iTunes, which communicates synchronously with an iPhone via USB, Bluetooth, or Wi-Fi. With a fast local network, we don't have to be so concerned about restricting data transfer, so we can be lazy in that respect.
The first time a particular iPhone syncs, the two apps discover each other via Bonjour, and the Mac app zips up its entire store, sending the resulting file to the iPhone app via a socket, which would unzip and install it.
Now imagine the user takes the iPhone and makes changes to an existing object (e.g. gives a star rating to a song). The app on the device sets a Boolean flag on the object to indicate it is new or updated (e.g. changedSinceSync).
When the next sync occurs, the iPhone app zips and sends its entire data store back to the Mac. The Mac loads the store, looks for modified instances, and updates its own data accordingly. The Mac then sends back a full copy of its updated store, replacing the existing iPhone store, and the whole process starts over again.
There are many variations and improvements possible, but this is a working solution, and will be sufficient for many apps. To summarize, a sync operation involves one device transferring its store to another device, which determines what has changed, merges, and sends back the resulting store. You are guaranteed that both devices have the same data after a sync, so it is very robust.
Synchronous Communication, Client-Server (S-CS)
Things get more subtle when a server is added to the equation. The server offers flexibility, in terms of where and when a sync can occur, but it has a cost in terms of data transfer and storage. We need to reduce the communications overhead as much as possible, so copying whole stores back and forth is not going to fly.
Again, I'll aim for the simplest viable solution. Assume data is stored in a database on the server, with a last-modified timestamp for each object. When a client app first syncs, it downloads all the data in a serialized form (e.g. JSON), and builds a local store from it. It also records the timestamp of the sync locally.
As changes are made in the client app, it updates the last-modified timestamps of the objects involved. The server does the same thing, should another device sync in the interim.
When the next sync takes place, the client determines which objects have changed since the last sync, and only sends those objects to the server. The server merges in these changes. Where the server's copy of an object has been modified by another client, it keeps the change with the most recent timestamp.
The server then sends back any changes it has that are newer than the last sync timestamp sent by the client. This set should take account of the merge, with any overridden changes removed.
There are many variations possible. For example, you could include a timestamp for each individual property, and track changes at that level of granularity. Or you could do all merging of data on the client, and push merge changes back to the server, effectively switching roles. But fundamentally, one device sends changes to the other, and the receiver merges and sends back a set of changes incorporating the results of the merge.
Deletions require a little more thought, because once you delete an object, you have no way to track it. One option is to use soft deletions, where the object is not really deleted, but marked for deletion (e.g. using a Boolean property). (This is analogous to trashing a file in the Finder. It only gets permanently removed when you empty the trash.)
Asynchronous Communication, Client-Server Sync (A-CS)
The attraction of asynchronous sync frameworks and services is that they offer an off-the-shelf solution. The synchronous solutions discussed above are bespoke — you have to write lots of custom code for each app. What's more, with an S-CS architecture, you have to duplicate similar functionality across all platforms, and maintain operation of a server. This requires a skill set that most Objective-C developers don't possess.
Asynchronous services (e.g. Dropbox Datastore API and Wasabi Sync) typically provide a framework, which the app developer uses as if it were a local data store. The framework stores its changes locally, and then handles syncing with a server in the background.
The main difference between A–CS and S-CS is that the extra layer of abstraction provided by the framework in A–CS shields the client code from direct involvement in syncing. It also means that the same service can be used for all data models, not just one particular model.
Asynchronous Communication, Peer-to-Peer Sync (A-P2P)
A-P2P is the most underdeveloped approach, because it is also the most difficult to implement. But its promise is great, as it goes a step beyond A-CS, abstracting away the backend so that a single app can sync via a multitude of different services.
Underdeveloped as it is, there are apps already using this approach. For example, the popular To-Do list Clear has a custom implementation of A-P2P, which syncs via iCloud, and has been documented online. And frameworks like Apple's Core Data—iCloud integration, TICoreDataSync, and Core Data Ensembles all take this


Duhaime's Law Dictionary
Quid Pro Quo Definition:
Latin: something for something.
Related Terms: Contract Law, Consideration
Some American jurists have suggested that quid pro quo stands for the consideration of a contract; that it refers to the requirement that something be exchanged, flow to each of the contracting party, for there to be a valid contract.
Viz., Ballentine's Law Dictionary:
Quid pro quo: The consideration for a contract. That which is supplied by one party in consideration of that which is supplied by the other party."
As a further example of the use of the term quid pro quo in law, consider the suggestion of Canadian author Catherine McKinnnon who describes a variety of workplace sexual harassment she calls quid pro quo harassment: job benefits onditioned on availability of sex or physical contact, refusal leading to discharge, discipline or negative recommendations for promotion.
But that phrase had long become part of American law. For example, these words of Justice Holloway of the United States Court of Appeals in Hicks v Gates Rubber:
"The gravamen of a quid pro quo sexual harassment claim is that tangible job benefits are conditioned on an employee's submission to conduct of a sexual nature and that adverse job consequences result from the employee's refusal to submit to the conduct."
 - Hicks v Gates Rubber, 833 F. 2d 1406 (1987)
 - MacKinnon, Catherine, Sexual Harassment of Working Women (Toronto: Yale University Press, 1979). Referred to in Foisy c. Bell Canada, 18 D.L.R. (4th) 222 (1984, QCSC)
Categories & Topics:


Monthly Archives: August 2016
Producing HTML links from a CSV Using Python
Recently in work I had to generate a long list of html links from two columns that I had extracted from a MySQL database to a.csv file. The example below shows what steps are needed to generate html urls from a csv file that has the text of the link in one column and the url in the other. The columns that I extracted from the database into a.csv file looked like the following:
Master of Arts in Learning
Postgraduate Diploma in Arts
Postgraduate Diploma in Computing
In the file, there were roughly 400 rows. I needed to add the name of the courses with their link to a website as a list. The list created would allow students to browse for their course and follow the correct link to their course.
I had access to the html so I needed to add roughly 400 html links. To do this manually would take hours. So I decided I would need a script to produce the html. The script I came up with looks like the below:
import csv, sys
sys.stdout = open('links.txt', 'w')
for row in csv.reader(open('courses.csv'),delimiter=","):
print ("'"' + row[0] + ' ')
 1. Line one in the script; Import csv, sys. imports modules that I needed. The csv module facilitates the opening of.csv files while the sys module allows the redirection of output to a file.
 2. The second line; sys.stdout = open('links.txt', 'w') Creates and opens a file in write mode called links.txt.
 3. Line three, is a for loop, that opens the courses.csv file and goes through it line by line.
 4. As the loop goes through the file line by line, it prints tag and finally a tag which will insure that each link exists on a new line on our webpage.
When we run our script the output produced to the links.txt looks like:
 Master of Arts in Learning
 Post Graduate Diploma in Arts
 Post Graduate Diploma in Computing
This code can then be copied to our website which will then display a list of links that users can select.


Reflection: Developing a Conceptual Understanding Analyzing a Character's Traits: Is Katniss a Hero? - Section 2: Discussion: Is Katniss a Hero?
I think it was critical that we took time to define what a hero was prior to applying that to the book.
If we hadn't take the time, then the discussion and debate would have gotten bogged down with comments like, "That's not what a hero is" or "How is that heroic?"
If we didn't have that common framework, students who tried to get off task with outrageous comments and claims would have a valid point. With the framework, students (not me) were able to point to the qualities and point out the illogical comments.
If we didn't have the qualities, students would have been stumped. Is Katniss a hero? Sure, why not. With the framework, students were able to delve deeper into the text.
And finally, it's an exercise in critical thinking. What is a hero, really? Is it really a sports player? Is it someone who saves a bunch of people? Is it someone who is selfish, but is also an inspiration?
What is a hero, really?
 Using a Framework in a Debate
 Developing a Conceptual Understanding: Using a Framework in a Debate
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Analyzing a Character's Traits: Is Katniss a Hero?
Unit 12: Novel Study: The Hunger Games
Lesson 20 of 21
Objective: Students will be able to write an argumentative piece of writing by participating in a class discussion.
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of data (the grid contents). I see no significant disadvantages over rolling your own matching algorithm, and it simplifies the whole process. – David Gouveia Dec 28 '11 at 14:47
_USER_, that's just a phrase for people who are not too comfortable with Regex. If they decide to solve a problem with regex, they now have two problems: (1) the actual problem they want to solve (2) writing the regex pattern to solve that problem – iamserious Dec 28 '11 at 14:52
Going back to the 'now you have two problems' - Regex will have problems as soon as you have more items than the ASCII printable range, unless your regex processor supports unicode and you can guarantee that certain combinations won't trip the regex NFA compiler up. You could throw together your own DFA (quite easily actually) to match patterns; but regex would be the best way to go while prototyping. – Jonathan Dickinson Dec 29 '11 at 13:57
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I can't tell you how the Minecraft one works - although I am sure if you looked at MCP (if you have a legal copy of Minecraft) you could find out.
I would implement this as follows:
 1. Have some disk-based dictionary/hashmap (B+Tree/SQL-Light) - the value would be the item ID of the recipe result.
 2. When a user is crafting something simply find the first row/column with an item INDEPENDENTLY; combine those into an offset.
 3. Find the last row/column with an item, again, independently.
 4. Compute the width and height from the items and add it to the key.
 5. Loop over the range of the bounding box you just computed and append the ID of each item (using your usual for (y) { for (x) }).
 6. Look the key up in the database.
So for example lets say we have two ingredients; X and Y and blanks being *. Take the following recipe:
First we work out the bounding box, yielding (2,0)-(2,2). Therefore our key would look like this [1][3] (1 width, 3 height). Next we loop over each item within the bounding box and append the ID, thus the key becomes [1][3][X][Y][Y] - you then look this up in your dictionary/DB and you will get the result of that recipe.
To explain the independence in step 2 more clearly, consider the following recipe:
The top/left is clearly at 0,0 - however the first item you would typically encounter would be either 0,1 or 1,0 (depending on your loop). However if find the first non-empty column as well as the first non-empty row and combine those co-ordinates you will get 0,0 - the same principal applies to the bottom/right of the bounding box.
share|improve this answer
The Bukkit repository doesn't have any Minecraft code, you'd need MCP (and a copy of Minecraft) – BlueRaja - Danny Pflughoeft Dec 28 '11 at 18:44
Isn't this just the inverse of your other answer? – David Eyk Dec 29 '11 at 23:56
_USER_ (This is my first answer) not really, it is more dependant on a hashmap structure (whether it is bigtable-like or in-memory). The reason I answered again is because I was worried about hash collisions leading to poor performance - at least in a in-memory hashmap. My other answer would work better for more items and an in-memory structure - where this would work better if it was in SQL/etc. – Jonathan Dickinson Dec 30 '11 at 8:52
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Here is how I did it in Block Story:
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Your Answer


v4 Megamenu
The megamenu displays dropdown panels for sub navigation when the user hovers over a primary link. This style of menu can be set by including the.megadropdown class in the element.
.
In the template distribution this markup can be found in /ssi/navigation.html.
Fixed Units
When you open the mega menu, you may notice a table or grid like look to the sub nav links. In order maintain the grid look the items need to have a.unit class applied. Each unit increment multiplies it's base value by it's unit value.
 -.unit1 = 50px
 -.unit2 = 100px
 -.unit3 = 150px
Units become useful when you wish to mix various content into the mega menu while maintaining the grid-like look. For example, a link with a description would likely use a.unit2 class making it twice as tall as a link with a class of.unit1
Mixed Content Within Navigation
The megamenu allows for the display optional images or promoted content to the left or right of the sub navigation links. It is also possible to display a short description below each sub navigation link. Use.with-image-left or.with-image-right on the grid container containing the media.
Using Columns
The megamenu uses the available grid classes to divide the menu into multiple columns seperating links from media or promoted content. It's not without it's limitations. For example, images or mixed content may be on the left or right of the links, but cannot split links.
When positioning an image or promoted content on the left an.offset-[value] class must also be applied to the link's grid container. The offset value is equal to the images grid container.
On any page with this message displayed you can click the button to view this page in the Version 5 format.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I am typesetting my thesis in CMU Bright OpenType using font spec. For the math fonts I'm using the CM Bright T1 font.
The result looks nice except for the integral sign which does not match of other glyphs. Therefore I'm trying to display that sign using the Iwona font (which mathes nicely).
Everything works except for the position of the lower and upper limit on the integral. When using Iwona these are display closer to the middle of the line than they should be.
Minimal working example:
%MATH FONTS: CM Bright (T1)
\usepackage{cmbright} %for math only
%MAIN FONT: Computer Modern Unicode (CMU) Bright (open type)
\newcommand{\myint}{$\integralfont ∫$}
This is some text (CMU Bright OpenType)
Some math (CM Bright T1, except 2nd integral: Iwona T1): $\int_{0}^{10} f(x) = \myint_{0}^{10} g(x)$
The gives the following result: integral.png
Notice the difference in the position of the integral limits (0 and 10). They are further apart when they follow the first integral sign (set with CM Bright) than when they follow the second integral sign (set with Iwona).
Can anyone help me fix this? I have experimented with \displaylimits but couldn't get it to work right (or it didn't make a difference).
share|improve this question
Does declaring \myint as a math operator (\DeclareMathOperator from amsmath) help? – You Aug 9 '11 at 11:44
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1 Answer
up vote 2 down vote accepted
Put the following code in your preamble:
If you want to change all large symbols to Iwona (cmbright uses the default Computer Modern Extensions font), then
will suffice.
Then you'll use the usual \int command.
share|improve this answer
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text:
Charleroi was built in 1666 by the Spaniards and named after Charles II, king of Spain, only a 4-year-old child when he was placed on the Spanish throne after the death of his father Philip IV.
The following year, the fortress was taken by French armies and it was under French occupation. Fortifications were completed and extended by Vauban.
Louis XIV, who wanted to promote the development of the new town, granted its inhabitants privileges.
In 1678, under the treaty of Nijmegen, Charleroi was given back to Spain.
A first industrial change based on coal, iron, and glass industries brought about a rise in Charleroi's population.


text:
Optical EngineeringToward an analog very large scale integration system for perceiving depth through motion parallax
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We describe the development of an analog very large scale integration (AVLSI) system for perceiving depth of a stationary object, termed the depth through motion parallax (DTMP) system. The system consists of an AVLSI smart focal plane array and an optical lens, with a laser system for the object. The DTMP integrated circuit is implemented using the AMI Semiconductor 1.5-µm process available through the MOSIS integrated circuit fabrication service. The DTMP chip and the lens are mounted on a single motion-controlled stage to mimic the human head and eye. The object is mounted on a different motion stage and is manually moved to different depths with respect to the lens. We report experimental results obtained for depth perception with the head being stationary and the object moving with a constant velocity that is geometrically equivalent to the object being stationary and the head moving with a constant velocity. Our results show that the transit time across the DTMP chip, which is equivalent to the perceived velocity, can be used to determine the depth of an object, and uses less than 2 mW of average power.


text:
noun (plural same)
One of a breed of large white beef cattle.
- Other Cattle Breeds on show include Herefords, Simmentals, Charolais, Aberdeen Angus, Blonde D' Aquitaine, and Limousin.
- The Charolais and Simmental cattle on sale on Tuesday were of good quality.
- The Charolais breed of cattle since their introduction to Ireland in 1964 have made a huge impact on the livestock in this country.
Late 19th century: named after the Monts du Charollais, hills in eastern France where the breed originated.
For editors and proofreaders
Definition of Charolais in:
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text:
Matching non-rigid shapes is a challenging research field in content-based 3D object retrieval. In this paper, we present an image-based method to effectively address this problem. Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) are first applied to each object to calculate its canonical form, which is afterward represented by 66 depthbuffer images captured on the vertices of an unit geodesic sphere. Then, each image is described as a word histogram obtained by the vector quantization of the image s salient local features. Finally, a multi-view shape matching scheme is carried out to measure the dissimilarity between two models. Experimental results on the McGill Articulated Shape Benchmark database demonstrate that, our method obtains better retrieval performance compared to the state-of-the-art.
Proceedings Title: The IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), 2010
Conference Dates: September 26-29, 2010
Conference Location: Hong Kong, -1
Pub Type: Conferences
3D shape retrieval, Non-rigid 3D shape, Multidimensional Scaling (MDS), Bag-of-Features (BOF)


text:
This article was originally distributed via PRWeb. PRWeb, WorldNow and this Site make no warranties or representations in connection therewith.
'A Simple Guide to Planting Oaks in Australia' offers exciting and amazing tips on the importance of oaks and how to plant them successfully '
Darnum, Victoria, Australia (PRWEB) January 11, 2013
Author Richard Browne expresses his sturdy and prolific fervor for nature as he pens a profound and delightful anthology in A Simple Guide to Planting Oaks in Australia. This is the author's long dream to write a book about his passion–oak trees and to share to the world how he was captivated by its grandeur and mystery.
This volume will reveal Browne's 10 years of collecting and planting oaks. It all began after arriving from Ireland and realising what to do with his six acres of bare land. Missing the beautiful and colorful changing of the seasons and the distinctive smell of the deciduous woods that he had enjoyed during his childhood, thus he decided to collect and plant oaks from different parts of the world. Through time, Browne studied and researched as much knowledge as could be found. Browne believes that oaks have played a great part in the evolution of culture. It is also the most obvious form of flora and fauna that has been quite advantageous to the Australian landscape, soil and wildlife rather than being detrimental like so many of the other impulsive imports. This book aims to provide a simple guide to the things people didn't know, but probably should, about the oaks.
A Simple Guide to Planting Oaks in Australia is a book that showcases the author's long years of passion for oaks. It will also help gardeners, oak enthusiasts and land owners learn many interesting new facts and method about oak planting and collecting.
For more information on this book, interested parties may log on to _URL_.
About the Author
Richard Browne has studied and collected oak trees for many years, both in Europe and Australia. He is a member of The International Oak Society, and an assistant curator for The Encyclopaedia of Life. The author is an educator and often called upon around S.E. Australia for advice on trees and their planting. He is currently preparing an extensive work on the world's oaks, of which this book is a small and often intriguing sample.
A Simple Guide to Planting Oaks in Australia * by Richard Browne
Publication Date: December 21, 2012
Picture Book; $49.99; 96 pages; 978-1-4797-4955-3
Picture Book Hardcover; $69.99; 96 pages; 978-1-4797-4956-0
Ebook; $3.99; 978-1-4797-4957-7
Members of the media who wish to review this book may request a complimentary paperback copy by contacting the publisher at _PHONE_ x. 7879. To purchase copies of the book for resale, please fax Xlibris at _PHONE_ or call _PHONE_ x. 7879.
For more information on self-publishing or marketing with Xlibris, visit _URL_. To receive a free publishing guide, please call _PHONE_.
For the original version on PRWeb visit: _URL_


Architecture & Engineering
Constructing a building is a complex project, both legally and technically. Consequently, architectural and engineering practice increasingly demands a sound understanding of planning, construction, and commercial law issues. Dr. Benumof works with architects and engineers to help them with the legal aspects of day-to-day architectural and engineering practice and the consequences of the many legal processes and relationships that are part-and-parcel of the construction process. Likewise, Dr. Benumof represents property owners confronted with overlapping issues of law, architecture, and engineering.


text:
Vocal ontogeny in bat pups
My Ph.D. student Ahana Fernandez studies the ontogeny of the vocal repertoire in bats. Ahana's particular interest is the conspicuous babbling behavior in which Saccopteryx bilineata pups engage regularly (Knörnschild et al. 2006). During ontogeny, pups of both sexes learn territorial songs by imitating adult male tutors (Knörnschild et al. 2010a). Since precursor songs often appear in babbling bouts, babbling probably constitutes vocal practice (Knörnschild 2014). To date, Saccopteryx bilineata is the only non-human mammal that is both a babbler and a vocal imitator, making this bat expecially well suited for biolinguistic studies.
Ahana recording Saccopteryx bilineata pups in a tree (© Stifter).
Ahana descibes the ontongenetic trajectories of different syllable types produced by babbling pups. Moreover, she studies the phonological syntax of babbling bouts and uses playback experiments to test whether pups can discriminate between syntactically correct and incorrect babbling bouts.
Babbling Saccopteryx bilineata pup roosting next to its mother (© Stifter).
Babbling pups utter long sequences of various syllables in a repetitive and juxtaposed fashion reminiscent of human canonical babbling or avian plastic song (Catchpole & Slater 1995, Doupe & Kuhl 1999, Hultsch & Todt 2004). Precursors of all adult vocalization types known to date are found in babbling bouts of pups (Behr & von Helversen 2004, Knörnschild et al. 2006), making it highly probable that babbling plays a crucial role in the species' vocal repertoire acquisition.
Excerpt of a babbling bout from a female Saccopteryx bilineata pup (© Knörnschild).
Listen to the babbling bout excerpt (© Knörnschild):


OIC International
Organización sin fines de lucro | _URL_
Sobre nosotros
ORGANIZATION OVERVIEW OIC International is a nonprofit organization that seeks to improve the quality of life in developing countries through the establishment of effective and sustainable community-based training institutions. OIC International works in developing countries or emerging markets to teach appropriate marketable skills that enable disadvantaged young men and women to become self-reliant, economically productive, and capable of improving the quality of life for themselves and their families. OIC International training centers transform hopelessness into hope by teaching job skills, and by providing training in human resource development and small business development. To date, OIC International's network of partner institutions extends to 47 training centers in 19 countries in Africa, Eastern Europe and Southeast Asia. Worldwide, there have been over 100,000 OIC graduates, half of whom are women, who have received education, job training, human resource training, and small enterprise skills development. OICI also has a major impact in countries where it directly operates food security, rural development and health education programs. PROGRAMS OVERVIEW OICI's programs span the African continent, both urban and rural. Our work centers around 7 main sectors: 1. Skills Development 2. Food Security 3. Health 4. Conflict Management 5. Microenterprise 6. Capacity Building 7. Community Development & sustainable Livelihoods
Información de contacto
Email: Ingresa para ver las direcciones de email.
Teléfono: _PHONE_
Fax: _PHONE_
1500 Walnut Street, Suite 1304, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, US
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¿Trabajas para OIC International? Petición para administrar


text:
TIMMS CITY, TX
TIMMS CITY, TEXAS. Timms City was four miles southwest of the site of present Darrouzett in northern Lipscomb County. It was begun in 1887 and was one of two towns competing with Lipscomb to become county seat. It was named for George Timms, a Kansas financier who backed the community. Soon, Timms City had a hotel, several saloons, a post office, a newspaper (the Texas Tribune), and various other businesses. However, the election of Lipscomb as the permanent county seat quickly led to the town's demise. One county businessman, H. E. Hoover, described it as "one year growing and four years dying." By the time the Panhandle and Santa Fe Railway pushed through this portion of the county in 1919, Timms City had disappeared.
A History of Lipscomb County, Texas, 1876–1976 (Lipscomb, Texas: Lipscomb County Historical Survey Committee, 1976).
The following, adapted from the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition, is the preferred citation for this article.H. Allen Anderson, "TIMMS CITY, TX," Handbook of Texas Online (_URL_ accessed June 19, 2013. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.


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Date Added: Jul 2009
This paper presents Agilla, a mobile agent middleware designed to support self-adaptive applications in wireless sensor networks. Agilla provides a programming model in which applications consist of evolving communities of agents that share a wireless sensor network. Coordination among the agents and access to physical resources are supported by a tuple space abstraction. Agents can dynamically enter and exit a network and can autonomously clone and migrate themselves in response to environmental changes. Agilla's ability to support self-adaptive applications in wireless sensor networks has been demonstrated in the context of several applications, including fire detection and tracking, monitoring cargo containers, and robot navigation. Agilla, the first mobile agent system to operate in resource-constrained wireless sensor platforms, was implemented on top of TinyOS.


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Glossary Term – Person
Andrew Carnegie opened America's largest steel plant in 1875 near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. An industrialist born in Scotland, Carnegie was a self-made man who had worked in textiles and railroads as a young man. Carnegie made a fortune in the steel industry but also made a name for himself as a philanthropist. In 1889, he published "The Gospel of Wealth," an essay extolling the benefits of wealth as well as the responsibilities of the wealthy to the public.


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The projected cost of a new high school is $20,066,340 of which $5,216,340 will be covered by annual grants. Using data from the last census the planning committee estimated the cost per town resident. However new census data reveals that the population has increased by 2200 people reducing the cost of each resident by $75.
What is the current population of the town?
1 Answer | Add Yours
If $5,216,340 will be covered by annual grants, this leaves $20,066,340 - $5,216,340 = $14,850,000 left to be covered by the residents of the town.
Let x = original population
Let 'y_n' = new cost per person
Let' y_o' = old cost per person
'y_n = 14,850,000/(x+2,200)'
'y_o = 14,850,000/x'
'14,850,000/x - 14,850,000/(x+2,200) = 75'
'14,850,000(x+2200) -14,850,000x = 75x(x+2,200)'
'14,850,000x+32,670,000,000 -14,850,000x = 75x^2 +165,000x'
Use the quadratic formula:
a=1; b=2,200; c=435,600,000
Since the population could not have been negative we know that:
'x=(-2,200+41,800)/2 = 19,800'
Therefore, the current population of the town is 19,800+2,200 = 22,000.
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Washington, DC Weather
Washington, DC climate is warm during summer when temperatures tend to be in the 70's and very cold during winter when temperatures tend to be in the 30's.
The warmest month of the year is July with an average maximum temperature of 88.30 degrees Fahrenheit, while the coldest month of the year is January with an average minimum temperature of 27.30 degrees Fahrenheit.
Temperature variations between night and day tend to be fairly limited during summer with a difference that can reach 18 degrees Fahrenheit, and fairly limited during winter with an average difference of 16 degrees Fahrenheit.
The annual average precipitation at Washington is 39.35 Inches. Rainfall in is fairly evenly distributed throughout the year. The wettest month of the year is May with an average rainfall of 3.82 Inches.
Moon, Sunrise and Sunset
|Moon Phase: Waning Gibbous Moon||Civil Twilight:
5:16 AM EDT
5:47 AM EDT
8:22 PM EDT
8:53 PM EDT


Can Vegans Eat Tortilla Chips?
Can Vegans Eat Tortilla Chips?
A tortilla chip is a snack food made from corn tortillas and the majority of the fat on this snack is unsaturated which is the healthy kind and this is one homemade chip that is loved by a lot of people and there are varieties of chips that can be used in making tortilla chips however vegans tend to wonder if they can eat this tasty snacks without guilt.
A vegan diet involves eating foods comprising of only plants and exclude all animal products including meat, dairy, and eggs, a vegan diet may help keep your heart healthy however there are accidentally vegan junk foods to make this diet plan easier.
Nutritional planning is vital whether you are vegan or not particularly when you are making dietary changes and healthy eating as a vegan will not only help you lose weight but reduce the risk of some certain cancers, lower risk of heart disease, and appears to lower blood sugar level and improve kidney function.
You should definitely not eat junk food every day, vegan or not however if you choose to eat junk food, we suggest picking from options that do not contain any animal products, and if you are wondering if tortilla chips are on the list of accidentally vegan food, here is what you should know.
Table of Contents
Can Vegans Eat Tortilla Chips?
Can Vegans Eat Tortilla Chips?
Yes, vegans can definitely stock up their pantry with tortilla chips, for the most part, these chips are made out of plant-based ingredients made from corn tortillas which are cut into triangles and then fried or baked. There are lots of brands making tortilla chips however you should read through the ingredients list to help you choose the right vegan tortilla chips.
Can vegans eat chips and salsa?
Yes, vegans can eat chips and salsa as long as the chips are fried in vegetable oil which is usually the oil used by most restaurants then it's vegan.
Are tortilla chips junk foods?
Yes, tortilla chips might be lower in fat and calories compared to some chips but they are still unhealthy because they are usually fried hence you should avoid eating way too many of them if you are trying to burn calories.
These chips may somehow be a better choice to potatoes chips though as it contains fewer calories and is more satisfying crunchy snacks to go for if you are looking to replace potato chips.
A tortilla chip is a snack you can enjoy any time of the day and the nutrients to derive from eating tortilla chips includes, copper, calcium, iron, magnesium, and zinc however the frying process may damage some of these nutrients but they do have less saturated fat compared to potatoes chips and makes a delicious vegan snack to munch on.
Vegans wanting to improve their health and lose weight should stick to minimally processed foods and limit the intake of junk foods though there is no wrong time to eat chips, ensure you do not consume them regularly and when in doubt, read the label.
Read next: Is Pringles Vegan? Are Hot Fries Vegan?


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True 3D Display Using Laser Plasma in the Air
|This display device uses the plasma emission phenomenon near the focal point of focused laser light. By controlling the position of the focal point in the x, y, and z axes, it displays real 3D images constructed by dot arrays in the air.|
This is the first successful attempt to use laser plasma to display "true 3D images" in a space where there is nothing but air.
Make laser-produced characters or images for information, amusement, emergency information, or advertising in the sky.
Laser-produced plasma in the air is used to creates dots that are assembled into true 3D images floating in space.
kimura (at) burton-jp.com
The National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology


How to identify parent without child
06-10-2019 12:48 PM
Occasional Contributor III
Hello everyone,
In a RelationshipClass between a FC (Parent) and a Table (child) How can I identify the aren't that do not have a child, or features in the Fc that do not have records associated in the table.
0 Kudos
1 Reply
Esri Esteemed Contributor
Hi Jose,
You could do this using Python. Ex:
import arcpy
from arcpy import env
env.workspace = r"C:\temp\python\test.gdb"
parentLayer = 'Airports'
childLayer = 'Districts'
# Get list of foreign keys
foreignKey = [row[0] for row in arcpy.da.SearchCursor(childLayer, ["FCC"])]
# Convert list to tuple
primaryKey = ()
for id in foreignKey:
primaryKey += (str(id),)
# Search for primary keys that are not in foreignKey tuple and print OBJECTID
query = "NOT FCC IN {0}".format(primaryKey)
noChildIds = [row[0] for row in arcpy.da.SearchCursor(parentLayer, ["OBJECTID"], query)]


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Prep 15 mins
Cook 120 hrs
A fermented vegetable courtesy of Phickle.com. If you enjoy a more acidic pickle, feel free to let it ferment longer.
- 2 lbs rutabagas, preferably unwaxed (if you cannot find an unwaxed one, peel the rutabaga)
- 1⁄2 inch fresh ginger, unpeeled
- 1 teaspoon salt, dissolved into
- 1 cup water (room temperature)
- Remove any roots or ugly spots from your rutabaga/swede; scrub well.
- Grate rutabaga and thoroughly washed ginger; mix well.
- Pack the vegetable mixture into a 1 quart jar as you would sauerkraut, very tightly.
- Very slowly pour your brine over your rutabaga.
- Let the liquid seep in, then crush your rutabaga mixture back in tightly. Continue this process until you have a centimeter of brine on top of your rutabaga.
- Weigh the vegetables down with a weight of some sort (a baggie or smaller jar filled with water) and let ferment at room temperature, removing any bloom/scum as it forms.
- Your vegetables should be complete in about five days.


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Integrated Transmission-and-Distribution System Modeling of Power Systems: State-of-the-Art and Future Research Directions
Bhatti, Bilal Ahmad
MetadataShow full item record
Integrated transmission-and-distribution (T&D) modeling is a new and developing method for simulating power systems. Interest in integrated T&D modeling is driven by the changes taking place in power systems worldwide that are resulting in more decentralized power systems with increasingly high levels of distributed energy resources. Additionally, the increasing role of the hitherto passive energy consumer in the management and operation of power systems requires more capable and detailed integrated T&D modeling to understand the interactions between T&D systems. Although integrated T&D modeling has not yet found widespread commercial application, its potential for changing the decades-old power system modeling approaches has led to several research efforts in the last few years that tried to (i) develop algorithms and software for steady-state and dynamic modeling of power systems and (ii) demonstrate the advantages of this modeling approach compared with traditional, separated T&D system modeling. In this paper, we provide a review of integrated T&D modeling research efforts and the methods employed for steady-state and dynamic modeling of power systems. We also discuss our current research in integrated T&D modeling and the potential directions for future research. This paper should be useful for power systems researchers and industry members because it will provide them with a critical summary of current research efforts and the potential topics where research efforts are needed to further advance and demonstrate the utility of integrated T&D modeling.


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DHAKA: People with careers that expose them to bright or or artificial light, such as construction workers, fishermen, welders or actors, could be pre-treated with infrared light to reduce vision damage, say researchers.
A team at Australia's Vision Centre has found that treating eyes with gentle infrared light can help prevent the damage caused by subsequent exposure to bright light.
In their research, the researchers have shown that pre-treatment with near infrared light prevents a build-up of scar tissue in the retina causing subsequent harm to sight.
"There's a group of cells that look after our vision and work behind the scenes called Muller cells. They act to protect the retina by clearing toxins and inducing healing whenever there is injury to the vision cells.
"However, their protection is a double-edge sword for the eyes. When the retina comes under extreme stress, as when it is exposed to intensely bright light and loses a large number of vision cells, the Muller cells can overreact by multiplying and forming scar tissue behind the retina.
"We found that the treatment with mild NIR successfully inhibits the Muller cells from multiplying and forming scar tissue," the researchers said in a release.
Team leader Dr Krisztina Valter added: "Technically, our results showed that 670 nm light pretreatment ameliorates light induced changes in the expression of Muller-cell specific markers for structure, stress, metabolism and inflammation.
"Our findings indicate that it may be possible to pre-treat someone who knows that they will be exposed to bright lights and so reduce the potential damage it can cause."
BDST: 1000 HRS, JULY 02, 2012
Edited by: Quamrun Nahar Shumi, Newsroom Editor/Tania Afrin, Newsroom Editor
All rights reserved. Sale, redistribution or reproduction of information/photos/illustrations/video/audio contents on this website in any form without prior permission from banglanews24.com are strictly prohibited and liable to legal action.


Did you know we offer the ability to add custom code snippets needed for third party tracking, e.g. Google Tag Manager, Google Analytics, Facebook Event Manager, etc. to your event registration pages? This is especially beneficial for those of you who have paid advertising campaigns because it allows you to track your ROI (return on investment). Here's how to track conversions from Facebook, using their Facebook Pixel.
To create the Facebook Pixel code snippet*:
 1. To create the code snippet, follow the steps in this article: How to Use Facebook Pixel. We'll walk you through an example below.
 2. Copy the entire pixel code generated.
 3. In a new tab, log into your Team Sports Admin account.
 4. Click MY ACCOUNT from the main menu.
 5. Scroll down to Site Setup and click Custom Tracking Code.
 6. Paste the code to the Header section.
 7. Switch back to your Facebook tab.
 8. Click Continue.
 9. Next, you'll need to choose the event you'd like to track. We'll use Complete Registration for this example.
 10. Select Complete Registration making sure to use Track Event on Page Load and Send Event Parameters if you want to assign a value for your conversion.
 11. Click Send Event Parameters.
 12. Add in the price of your event for the Conversion Value (this is the amount you want to track when a user successfully registers for your event). If you running multiple events and want to track revenue, we will also dynamically send the amount the user paid to this script. You will just need to add the following line to the resulting conversion snippet (step 14):
 value: {event_price}
 13. Leave Currency blank. Or we will pull the currency dynamically, which you can access by adding the following line to your snippet of code:
 currency: {event_currency}
 14. Here's an example of the resulting code that's generated, which you can use yourself and skip all the steps above. This example uses the dynamically generated amount paid on registration and the currency:
 fbq('track', 'CompleteRegistration', {
 value: {event_price},
 currency: {event_currency}
 15. Copy the resulting code to clipboard.
 16. Switch back to your Team Sports Admin Custom Tracking Code tab and paste this code to the Successful Event Registration section.
 17. Click Update Code
 18. As a best practice, we would recommend using the Pixel Helper extension for Chrome to test this. Here is the link to install it: _URL_
Please Note: We've added the URL's for each step of the registration process to the Custom Code Tracking page, so you can set up custom conversions for separate events as needed. You would do exactly what you already did above, where you use the unique event id for each step in the registration funnel you want to track e.g. "/signup?camp_id=MjM2OA==".
*Because these are controlled by 3rd parties, these instructions may change, and we are only able to offer limited support. However, as always, if you have a questions please let us know and we will do our best to help!


Directly to word page Vague search(google)
Home > Devastate in a sentence
Devastate in a sentence
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Sentence count:34Posted:2016-12-14Updated:2016-12-14
Synonym: destroyruinwreckSimilar words: devastatingstateestatereinstatestatementnation-statechief of statestate of affairsMeaning: ['devəsteɪt] v. 1. devastate or ravage 2. overwhelm or overpower.
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1. Disapproval would at first enrage and then devastate him, and these warning messages apparently arrived visually.
2. And without it, a trade war could devastate already shaky world economies.
3. The Eclipse was also intended to devastate entire worlds.
4. Earthquakes can also cause tsunamis, which devastate coastal regions.
5. What exactly happens when I hit the Devastate button?
6. In what ways is Devastate better than Sunder Armor?
7. They intended to devastate the town at one stroke.
8. The Maoists, however, have done more to devastate schooling.
9. Devastate damage - per - sunder increased to 35.
10. Situations that would devastate others may be dealt with in constructive ways.
11. Devastate deals more damage ( and threat ) as your gear improves.
12. A fire or blood devastate and precious paper - historical documents completely.
13. Devastate damage ( and threat ) benefits from damage - increasing talents.
14. Devastate can crit and therefore generate added threat from the extra damage.
15. Corruption, organized crime[Sentence dictionary], and terrorist activities threaten to devastate the process.
16. This September I was invited to devastate the moors of a friend in the north.
17. Oil spills devastate the natural environment, endanger public health, imperil drinking water and disrupt the economy.
18. Historically, governments feared opium because they saw it devastate China.
19. Does Devastate generate more threat per hit than Sunder Armor?
20. In India, massive habitat loss continues to devastate Bengal tiger populations.
21. Critics say it's encroaching on the green belt and would devastate local villages.
22. Because his mockery or contempt on top of everything else would devastate her.
23. There is in fact an optimum height for airbursts, at which they devastate the maximum amount of area on the surface.
24. Tourist souvenirs like furs, ivory, animal skins, coral necklaces and shells can devastate wildlife.
25. Even a modest aerial explosion like the fifteen-megaton Tunguska event would utterly devastate a modern city.
26. Is there any reason at all to use Sunder Armor when you have Devastate?
27. The best plan is a broad plan, so that a failure devastate.
28. Any prolonged injury to Rooney or Saha, in particular, would devastate United.
29. The Lurker focuses on spies, cloaks and subterfuge to devastate opponents.
30. The upshot is that we're horrifyingly nonchalant at the prospect that rising carbon emissions may devastate our favorite planet.
More similar words: devastatingstateestatereinstatestatementnation-statechief of statestate of affairscrevassevastdeviateevacuateevaluatestatusstatuestaticpastastatutea stageecstaticcast awaycoastalstaticallystatus quostatutorycast aboutstatisticscast asidestatisticalcast about for
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DDGS particle separation behind shipping cost troubles
March 30, 2010
WEST LAFAYETTE, Ind. - A Purdue University study solves a mystery that has long plagued ethanol producers and driven up shipping costs of a byproduct sold as cattle feed.
Distillers dried grains with solubles, or DDGS, is the grain product left after production of ethanol. However, when filled with DDGS, railcars register different weights – sometimes many tons different from each other – lowering shipping efficiency and raising costs.
The reason, according to Klein Ileleji, an assistant professor of agricultural and biological engineering, is that the cars aren't all holding the same-sized particles.
Previous studies show that when poured, like-sized DDGS particles congregate, with the smallest, called fines, accumulating in the center of the pile and the larger particles moving to the outside. Ileleji and doctoral student Clairmont Clementson hypothesized that this is what happens when DDGS is poured into railcar hoppers for transport.
To test the theory, Ileleji and Clementson created a scaled-down mechanism that mimicked the loading of railcar hoppers. When simulated, the first containers had mostly fines, with proceeding containers getting more of the larger particles. The containers with fines weighed more because they can be packed more densely.
"When we analyzed our data with what we would expect in theory, the weight pattern of our containers can be explained by particle segregation during filling of the hoppers, which is amplified during discharge, causing bulk density variation," said Ileleji, whose results were published in the early online edition of the journal Bioresource Technology.
The problem is exacerbated by the tendency of DDGS to discharge from hoppers in a funnel-like flow pattern in which the fines that have accumulated at the hopper's core are released first. Outside contents, which are primarily larger in size, are released last. Even mass-flow hoppers with steep sidewall angles designed to release their contents in layers caused weight irregularities because the DDGS continued to exhibit funnel-flow tendencies.
Ileleji suggests either finding a way to mix the contents better during loading or using a process he patented to create uniform-sized particles.
"The granules are larger, so they would not pack as well as fines. But granules are denser than the same amount of fines, so you get more in the same amount of space," Ileleji said. "This would ensure that railcars would weigh about the same amount and help control the cost of shipping DDGS."
Ileleji said the next step is to verify lab studies with field data and test loading methods in the field to reduce variability in DDGS bulk density during loading. An Anderson's Research Grant from Multistate Project NC-213 for Marketing and Delivery of Quality Grains and BioProcess Co-products and a Purdue Research Foundation fellowship funded the research as part of Clementson's doctoral work.
Source: Klein Ileleji, _PHONE_, _EMAIL_
Ag Communications: _PHONE_;
Steve Leer, _EMAIL_
Agriculture News Page
Variability of Bulk Density Distillers Dried Grains With Solubles (DDGS)
During Gravity-Driven Discharge
C.L. Clementson and K. E. Ileleji
Loading railcars with consistent tonnage has immense cost implications for the shipping of distillers' dried grains with soluble (DDGS) product. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the bulk density variability of DDGS during filling of railcar hoppers. An apparatus was developed similar to a spinning riffler sampler in order to simulate the filling of railcars at an ethanol plant. There was significant difference (P<0.05) between the initial and final measures of bulk density and particle size as the hoppers were emptied in both mass and funnel-flow patterns. Particle segregation that takes place during filling of hoppers contributed to the bulk density variation and was explained by particle size variation. This phenomenon is most likely the same throughout the industry and an appropriate sampling procedure should be adopted for measuring the bulk density of DDGS stored in silos or transported in railcar hoppers.


Commas School
Irish derived place name Cam Eas, meaning either 'The Bend in the River' or 'The Crooked Stream is a townland in the civil parish of Kinawley, barony of Tullyhaw, County Cavan, Ireland.
Its chief geographical features are Cuilcagh mountain which rise to 2,188 feet above sea level, Binbeg mountain which rises to 1,774 feet, mountain pools, the River Cladagh (Swanlinbar), mountain streams, waterfalls, underground streams, river swallowholes, ravines, caverns and forestry plantations. Commas is traversed by minor public roads and rural lanes. The townland covers 2,551 statute acres and is the largest townland in County Cavan.
In the 1609 Plantation of Ulster, Commas formed part of the mountain of Cuilcagh which were granted to John Sandford of Castle Doe, Co. Donegal)
The 1836 Ordnance Survey Namebooks stateThe Swanlinbar or Claddagh River rises in this townland, being the collection of a great many small streams which unite near the east side of the townland and runs towards the south-east.
Commas National School, Roll No. 5270, was actually situated in Knockranny townland.
Commas Census
In the Census of Ireland 1821, there were two families living in the townland.
In the 1901 census of Ireland, there was one family listed in the townland.
In the 1911 census of Ireland, there was one family listed in the townland.
Commas School
Commas School
Situated about 3km south west of Swanlinbar, just a 3 minute drive.
Coordinates : 54.17588,-7.74184
What 3 Words : ///taller.framed.taker


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A few days ago, I wrote up a challenge – to count the number of sets a given set is contained in.
In the comments, I touched briefly on the original problem from which the challenge was created, and I'll describe it in more depth here.
In the problem, I am given an initial group of sets, and then an endless 'stream of sets'. For each of the sets in the stream, I have to measure its uniqueness. relative to the initial group of sets. A set that is contained in only one set from the initial group is very unique, one that is contained in ten – not so much.
So how to solve this problem? My original solution is somewhat akin to the classic "lion-in-the-desert" problem, but more like the "blood test" story. I didn't find a link to the story, so I'll give it as I remember it.
In an army somewhere, it was discovered that at least one of the soldiers was sick and so had to be put in isolation until he heals. It is only possible to check for the disease via a blood test, but tests are expensive, and they didn't want to test all of the soldiers. What did they do?
They took enough blood from each soldier. Now, from each sample they took a little bit, and divided the samples into two groups. They mixed together the samples of each group, and tested the mixed sample. If the sample was positive – they repeated the process for the blood samples of all the soldiers in the matching group.
Now my solution is clear: let's build a tree of set unions. At bottom level will be the union of couples of sets. At the next level, unions of couples of couples of sets. So on, until we end up with just two sets, or even just one – if we are not sure the set is contained in any of the initial sets.
Testing is just like in the story. We'll start at the two biggest unions, and work our way down. There is an optimization though – if a set appears more than say, 10 times, it's not very unique, and its score is zeroed. In that case, we don't have to go down all the way, but stop as soon as we pass the 10 "positive result" mark.
Here's the code:
class SetGroup(object): def __init__(self, set_list): cur_level = list(set_list) self.levels = while len(cur_level) > 1: self.levels.append(cur_level) cur_level = [union(couple) for couple in blocks(cur_level, 2)] self.levels.reverse() def count(self, some_set, max_appear = None): indexes = for level in self.levels: indexes = itertools.chain((2*x for x in indexes), (2*x+1 for x in indexes)) indexes = (x for x in indexes if x < len(level)) indexes = [x for x in indexes if some_set <= level[x]] if max_appear is not None and len(indexes) >= max_appear: return max_appear return len(indexes)
Here's a link to the full code.
I didn't implement this solution right away. At first, I used the naive approach, of checking against each set. Then, when it proved to be too slow, I tried implementing the solution outlined by Shenberg and Eric in the comments to the challenge. Unfortunately, their solution proved to be very slow as well. I believe it's because some elements appear in almost all of the sets, and so computing the intersection for these elements takes a long time.
Although originally I thought that my solution would suffer from some serious drawbacks (can you see what they are?), the max_appear limit removed most of the issues.
Implementing this solution was a major part of taking down the running time of the complete algorithm for the full problem I was solving from about 2 days, to about 15-20 minutes. That was one fun optimizing session :)