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Organic Winter Canola Production in North Carolina
by Rachel Vann and Chris Reberg-Horton
Are you interested in diversifying your organic rotation by adding winter canola? AgStrong, a buyer in Bowersville, GA, is contracting with growers in North Carolina again for organic canola production (AgStrong Contact: Mike Garland, _PHONE_) and Perdue is also interested in buying organic canola (Perdue Contact: Jeff Riddle, _PHONE_). Some organic growers in the state have found canola to be a profitable alternative crop to wheat. Here are a few things to consider if you are thinking about producing organic canola:
Canola is a type of rapeseed that has been bred to produce an edible oil for human consumption; organic canola meal can be used for feed in organic livestock operations. Organic canola acreage in areas of the United States and Canada where transgenic canola is widely grown has dramatically declined due to contamination issues; limited transgenic canola production in our region minimizes the risk of contamination and offers a unique opportunity for producers to capitalize on the demand for organic canola. Winter canola is produced in a similar timeframe as wheat in North Carolina and growers can use small grain equipment to grow canola, therefore minimal equipment investment is necessary to add canola into the rotation.
Canola can be established using a planter, drill, or aerially broadcast; this allows flexibility with equipment at planting. Canola is a very small seed and should only be planted at a 1/4 to 1/2 inch depth. The best canola stands are achieved when canola is planted into a clean-tilled seedbed; no-till canola is possible but has additional management challenges. Growers that no-till canola into heavy residue should increase seeding rate 15-20%. Canola needs to be planted earlier than wheat; ideally canola should be planted by mid-October to ensure adequate fall growth prior to the first killing frost. From 2011 to 2013 we tested several row spacing (7, 15, and 30 inch) and seeding rate (3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 lbs/acre) combinations for organic canola production in Goldsboro, Kinston, and Salisbury, NC. Conventional canola planting recommendations are to plant at 4 to 6 lbs seed/acre on 6 to 8 inch row spacing. We wanted to determine how increasing seeding rates and widening row spacing to allow for between row cultivations would enhance weed control and affect canopy diseases. We found that in an organic weed control context, canola yield was generally maximized at low seeding rates across row spacings (3-6 lbs/acre).Canola yield increased slightly at higher seeding rates with the narrow row spacing, but declined as seeding rate increased in the wider row spacing. Growers planting on wide row spacing should use caution when increasing seeding rate beyond 6 lbs/acre as yield declines can occur from high interspecific competition. To our knowledge, there are not regionally-adapted, certified organic canola varieties available in the Southeast, however there are several non-GMO varieties that are well adapted for production in the region. Rubisco seeds is a supplier of non-GMO canola varieties in the region. We did not observe severe disease pressure in our canola trials, but we know that the Sclerotinia disease complex can reduce canola yield. Sclerotinia pressure is intensified under wet conditions; avoid poorly drained fields.
As with all organic crops, synthetic herbicide use is prohibited in organic canola production. Using plant competition is an important component of weed control in organic canola production; canola is relatively competitive with some common winter weeds such as henbit and chickweed and if growers have weed pressure primarily from these species they have flexibility on row spacing selections to maximize yield. In our 2011-2013 organic canola trials, we observed slight declines in weed pressure as canola seeding rate increased, however this did not affect canola yield. Canola is plastic and can be competitive with some weed species at low seeding rates. If growers have severe weed infestations from hairy vetch, clover, or Italian ryegrass, widening canola row spacing to allow for between row cultivation can be important to prevent yield loss in organic canola production.
Canola does require 120 to180 lbs N/acre to maximize yield and requires a moderate soil pH (University of Georgia Canola Production Guide). A split N application at planting and again in the spring prior to bolting is often recommended. Canola is sensitive to boron (B) and sulfur (S) deficiencies; this is especially problematic on sandy soils.
From 2016 to 2017 we conducted a study looking at fertility options for organic canola in Goldsboro and Kinson, NC. We evaluated the effects of poultry litter application rate/timing, added B, and added S on organic canola yield. Trials yields were between 25 to 35 bu/acre at each location. Two methods of poultry litter application were investigated: 4 tons/acre applied preplant only and a split application of 2 tons/acre applied preplant and 2 tons/acre applied in February prior to canola bolting. Canola yield was maximized when all litter was applied preplant, with a 4 bu/acre increase in yield compared to a split application. 60 lbs S/acre (gypsum) and 0.3 lbs B/acre (Borosol) were applied in mid-February and compared to no added B and S for canola yield. Adding these nutrients did not increase canola yield. These preliminary results indicate that canola fertility can be handled by one preplant application of poultry litter and that adding B and S in the spring may not be necessary to maximize canola yield.
Harvesting is generally considered the most complicated part of canola production. Based on our experiences in North Carolina, canola is typically ready to harvest around the same time as wheat. Canola can be direct combined but determining the ideal harvest timing can be difficult. Canola is indeterminate and there is generally a short period between plants being too green to harvest and so dry there is significant shatter. Harvest should occur when approximately 85% of the pods are brown. We have growers that have harvested their canola using their small grain header and wheat sieves in their combine. 10% moisture is ideal for harvest and 7-8% moisture is ideal for storage. Italian ryegrass contamination of the canola crop can be a problem in situations where Italian ryegrass pressure is severe. Lodging can also be a problem for canola production, particularly when the canola is over-fertilized. Lodging is intensified at seeding rates above 9 lbs/acre. Previous research trials and production in the state would indicate that canola yields between 30-60 bu/acre (50 lbs/bu) are typically achieved.
Please feel free to contact Chris _PHONE_ (_EMAIL_) or Rachel _PHONE_ (_EMAIL_).


virtual worlds 2009
Dynamic Negotiating
cat February 17th, 2014 by Virtual Keeper
Roles in a dynamic negotiating in social psychology is considered the role is the public personality of each individual, namely the role more or less predictable that it assumes in order to adapt to the society of which it forms part. Roles are role models relative to certain position of the individual in a network of interaction linked to own expectations and others. When a group is switched on they will appear a series of roles in relation to the task. The team members differ in their abilities (intelligence, skills, knowledge and experiences). The composition of the team takes into consideration, especially the complementarity which enriches the team and makes that might be more competitive.
It has into account equally, the demands of the task and the level of internal autonomy that you want for your computer. A good distribution of roles in the team favors: the consciousness of complementarity between the team members. Overcoming internal rivalries in the computer. The participation of all members in the formation of a competitive team. The development of people skills. The motivation of the members of the team.
Each one can play various roles depending on the needs of the team and also, depending on the evolution of individuals. A team role is nothing more than the commitment that takes an individual against his team to be responsible for a specific function of the equipment. Roles created a fit between skills of people and functions of the team each Member of the team has a few roles that sound more familiar (by their personal characteristics and by past experience), the so-called natural roles. But they also have the possibility to learn to assume other roles. Here lies assistance provided equipment to individuals to go to make progress in the development of their skills. Normally, every person has some limits in learning roles and has discarded some behaviors, the so-called avoided roles.
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Constructing an Open Box: An open box with a square base is requried to have a volume of 10 cubic feet.
a) Express the amount A of material used to make such a box as a function of the length x of a side of the square base. MY answer: S=x^2 + 4x(10/x^2)
b)How much material is required for a base 1 foot by 1 foot?
c)How much material is required for a base 2 feet by 2 feet?
d) Graph A=A(x). For what value of x is A smallest?
I cannot figure out b,c,d...thank you

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Training Course on Science Classroom Supervision is one of the SEAQIS' flagship programmes to equip school principals and supervisors in academic supervision. SCS activity was held from 24 October to 2 November 2022 through online platform with 16 principals, vice principals, and supervisors who had passed the selection. Dr Indrawati as the Director of SEAQIS officially opened the SCS 2022, while Mr Reza Setiawan (Deputy Director for Programme) officially closed this event.
In the beginning and at the end of the activity, the participants were required to do a pre-test as well as a post-test. The event was facilitated by the experts in the field of education and supervision, such as Dr Harry Firman (Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia); Prof Dr H. Jam'an Satori (Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia); Prof Dr H. Johar Permana (Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia); and SEAQIS academic team with synchronous and asynchronous learning models. Through academic supervision activity, principals or supervisors are expected to provide services, guidance, and assistance to improve the competence of teachers in learning and classroom management.
In this SCS activity, the participants had a lot of discussion with the resource persons and facilitators regarding the materials on Trends and Issues on Science Education, Science Classroom Supervision New Paradigm, Professional Learning Community (PLC), and so on. They also responded to each other while presenting the results of their tasks. During the closing, Ms Andri Novi Lestari gave her testimony after following all the SCS activities and expressed her gratitude to SEAQIS for organising this insightful activity.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Wildlife Research at the Ames Plantation
Ames Plantation is home to a wide array of wildlife, including species that are not usually found in western Tennessee. For example, eagles have been seen here. Rare species such as the painted bunting and Bachman Sparrow also have been seen at Ames. These animals require special habitats to support them. These habitats are often found in places associated with areas maintained to support quail populations or places where intense forest practices have been conducted.
On the other hand, game animals abound. Deer and turkey are abundant. Squirrels are numerous. And, of course, as home to the Nation Championship Field Trials, quail habitat is intensively managed to support excellent quail populations.
Research has been conducted on many wildlife species, including studies on mice, hawks, beaver, coyotes and deer, just to name a few. Wildlife research often requires that students be at Ames for weeks, and sometimes, months at a time. Students from the University of Tennessee, University of Memphis and Mississippi State University conduct research at Ames. Scholars from around the world come to see what is happening here.
A hunting program to manage big game animals is in place at Ames. Hunters have the opportunity to hunt deer, turkey and squirrel. Duck habitats and blinds are under construction.
Ames Plantation's wildlife provides unique opportunities to observe, hunt or conduct research. Ames is place where wildlife can thrive.


- Biofuture Platform
The Biofuture We Need: a brief video introduction
We are very pleased to announce the release of "The Biofuture We Need", a short video documentary on the pressing need to scale up the low carbon bioeconomy.
The video aims to provide a brief introduction on the main objectives of the Biofuture Platform, within the broader context of the increasing consensus regarding the important role to be played by the advanced lbioeconomy in tackling climate change and promoting a much needed transition to a low carbon future.
The full video can be watched via the following link:
The overview can be watched via the following link:
Biofuture Platform 2016. All Rights Reserved.


Trout frog instructions
Strike Tiger Trout Frog
Step 1.
Thread fishing line through the middle of the frog using the hole provided. Next, thread the orange attractor bead onto the line butt end. Tie the supplied hook onto line after the orange attractor bead at the butt end of the frog.
Strike Tiger Trout Frog Instructions 1
Step 2.
Add floatation to the frog by using the white poly balls provided. Insert the balls into the cavity of the frog by pushing them in from either the butt or front end. Use a pen, toothpick or similar item to do this. Stuffing the frog with 6 + poly balls will make it float on the surface. Stuffing it with fewer balls will make it sink.
Strike Tiger Trout Frog Instructions 2
Step 3.
Pull the line tight from the front end of the frog. The orange attractor bead will prevent the hook from slipping through. Your frog is now ready to fish. Simply cast and let it sit on the water (static) or use very slow twitches to retrieve it.
Strike Tiger Frog Instructions 3
Your assembled frog should float like this with the hook suspended just below the water surface.
Strike Tiger floating frog lure


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Prevention Tactics Vol. 9, Iss. 4
Topic: Cultural Competence and Responsiveness
Many youth who experience the foster care system struggle with substance use and abuse. By understanding these complex needs and underscoring the context prevention in which services are provided, substance abuse prevention providers can adapt their service models to effectively address the needs of foster youth. This Prevention Tactic addresses how to tailor prevention-focused, substance abuse strategies to foster youth.


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Busy Trains (Shape Book) takes your kids to a train journey where they explore different concepts and locations, from farms to lands to busy train stations. Go on this journey with the help of these 3D-effect books, where every page is designed in the shape of the scene, as a hardcover. A perfect children's book for your young ones between the age of 0-2. It will allow them to explore various locations and understand different concepts.
They will visit the farms full of animals or the train stations full of colourful trains and passengers. It will allow them to learn and identify, count, spot, and learn various objects, colours as well as figures. It is a book full of fun as well as providing sufficient knowledge to the young little minds. They will get to experience a busy train ride for a day and will not even get tired by the end of this journey. Every page is a different scene and is designed in bright and attractive colours and graphics. Therefore, come along on this train journey and enjoy this exciting tour day with this Busy Trains (Shape Book)! Also available in the Busy Farm edition (shape book). You can buy yours here.


Oratory comes from the latin, orare, which means to pray. Both are buildings that are set aside as a place for people to gather for prayer, worship, and the reception of the sacraments.Some people use chapel and oratory interchangeably, as they often fulfill the same purpose, but in a technical sense, they are different.
The sacraments of initiation, first communion, and matrimony are recorded in parish churches. This is what sets an oratory apart from a chapel. Oratories often functions the same way a parish church does in regards to record keeping. Before Mystical Rose was given the designation as an oratory, these sacraments were performed here but recorded at St. Patrick's Church across the street. Since its designation as an oratory, Mystical Rose has been keeping its own sacramental records.
The designation "oratory" is granted by the bishop of a local diocese.


7+ of the Best Space Documentaries You Need to Watch
You'd be selling yourself short if you didn't watch any of these great documentaries about space.
7+ of the Best Space Documentaries You Need to Watch
Space and the universe have fascinated humans for thousands of years. Being awestruck by what lies beyond our home planet has been one of the most important driving forces behind our species' technological advancement.
Yet, despite all that we have achieved, there is still much to be learned from the universe at large. Whilst you could pursue a career in astrophysics or astronomy to find out, luckily we also have a plethora of easy-to-digest documentaries that give us an insight, as laymen, into our current understanding of what exists beyond Earth.
We've hand-selected some of the best out there. Trust us when we say this list is far from exhaustive and is in no particular order.
What are the best space documentaries?
There are literally thousands of space documentaries out there, but some of them are leagues ahead of the rest. Of course, like any question of this nature, personal taste will come into any decision on which of them are "the best".
But, there are some outstanding space documentaries that, put simply, are a must-watch. We have included a few of these in our list below, but there are plenty more out there.
hubble galaxies
Hubble's Dazzling Display of Two Colliding Galaxies, Source: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center/Flickr
What are the best space documentaries around?
The last years happened to have produced some great space documentaries. These include, but are not limited to:
 - Apollo 11 - An inspiring documentary about one of the most important achievements of our species of all time. It is a compilation of footage and contemporary audio from the time. We'll discuss this in more detail further on.
 - Chasing the Moon - This great little documentary series traces the major events behind the race to land on the Moon. It also includes archival footage, some never-seen-before by the public.
 - Searching for Skylab - America's Forgotten Triumph - This 2019 documentary explores the story behind the 1970s American space station Skylab.
But, there is a huge catalog of space documentaries that are great to watch whatever year it is.
1. "Apollo 11" has no narrator
space documentaries apollo 11
Source: NEON/YouTube
"Apollo 11" is a fascinating documentary packed with historical footage from this history-making manned mission to the Moon. You'll get to see real footage from the NASA control room and on the rocket itself, as well as footage from the moon lander.
It offers an incredible opportunity to understand everything that went into that awe-inspiring event, from pre-launch to splashdown recovery.
Unlike other documentaries, "Apollo 11" does not have a narrator. All audio is from mission control which can make it difficult to understand at times. Otherwise, this is a refreshing and fascinating insight into one of man's greatest achievements.
2. "Fight for Space" is a must watch
space documentaries fight for space
Source: Movieclips Indie/YouTube
"The Fight for Space" is an interesting documentary whose main theme is about the decline of the space program post the Apollo program. The documentary attempts to explain why, since then, man hasn't even left Earth's orbit.
It features famous scientists like American astronomer and astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson and Michio Kaku who argue that the decision to cut back on space exploration funding was a real scientific tragedy. They also attempt to make the case for returning to space as soon as possible.
This is a must-watch if you love space and exploration.
3. "Through the Wormhole with Morgan Freeman" is awesome
space documentaries wormhole
Source: IMDB
"Through the Wormhole" is awesome simply by the fact it is narrated by none other than Morgan Freeman. But, it also happens to be a great documentary that explores some of the deepest mysteries of existence.
It attempts to answer things like:
- What was there before the beginning?
- Are we really alone?
- Is there a creator?
The documentary brings together the brightest minds and best ideas from the very edges of science - Astrophysics, Astrobiology, Quantum Mechanics, String Theory, and more. It is absolutely fascinating to watch.
4. Carl Sagan's "Cosmos" is legendary
space documentaries cosmos
Source: IMDB
Carl Sagan's "Cosmos" is the closest you'll ever get to the perfect documentary series on space and the cosmos. It is an absolute must-watch for anyone who considers themselves a fan of space exploration.
Hosted and narrated by the late, great Carl Sagan, "Cosmos" is simply one of the best on the market. By watching "Cosmos" you will be treated to an engaging guided tour of the universe, as we knew it back in the 1980s.
It originally aired on PBS and is split into 13 gripping and fascinating episodes. Do yourself a favor and watch as soon as you can.
5. "Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey" is an excellent reboot of Sagan's masterpiece
space documentaries cosmos odyssey
Source: IMDB
Hosted and narrated by the great Neil deGrasse Tyson, "Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey" is effectively a homage to the 1980s masterpiece with Carl Sagan. In fact, Neil often quotes Carl Sagan as one of his greatest inspirations for pursuing his career in Astrophysics.
This sequel-of-sorts is also split into 13 episodes and features updated graphics and information to bring it up to current science and discoveries. It, like the original, is another must-see documentary on space and offers a great fresh look into the void.
You won't regret binge-watching this one.
6. "Into the Universe with Stephen Hawking" is absolutely riveting
space documentaries hawkings
Source: IMDB
If a documentary includes the much-missed Stephen Hawking, it must be a good one, right? Frankly, if you want to hear the views of anyone on the subject of space, you can't really go wrong with one of the most acclaimed scientists of all time.
The 2010 TV mini-series was written by Stephen and featurealiens, time travel, and the story of everything, with incredible graphics and interesting explanations from the theoretical physicist and cosmologist.
This documentary series has everything you'll ever need, in one neat package. Add this to your to-watch list ASAP.
7. "Journey to the Edge of the Universe" won't disappoint
space documentaries edge of the universe
Source: IMDB
Depending on which versions you watch, you'll either be rewarded with the dulcet tones of Alex Baldwin for the US Version, or the great Sean Pertwee for the British version.
"Journey to the Edge of the Universe" takes you a graphic-packed, breathtaking tour of the universe.
It promises and doesn't disappoint to take you to the very edge of space as we know it, and hits you with scientific facts on the way. It, really, is a great space documentary that you'd be silly to miss.
This great 2008 documentary was the first broadcast on National Geographic and the Discovery Channel.
8. "Hubble" is a very nice documentary
space documentaries hubble
Source: IMDB
This 2010 IMAX documentary film is another great one to watch if you haven't already. Also known as Hubble 3D, IMAX: Hubble or IMAX: Hubble 3D, this documentary is an interesting insight into the efforts made to maintain important scientific instruments in space.
Narrated by Leonardo DiCaprio, the documentary primarily focusses on the trials and tribulations of 7 astronauts aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis on a mission to repair the Hubble Space Telescope.
If you haven't caught this one yet, it comes thoroughly recommended.
9. "For All Mankind" is another amazing space documentary
space documentaries for all mankind
Source: IMDB
Released in 1989, "For All Mankind" is an amazing space documentary you really need to watch as soon as you are able. Compiled from original footage of NASA's Apollo program, this documentary is a fascinating insight into the effort made to put the first humans on the Moon.
Directed by Al Reinert, and the score composed by Brian Eno, this documentary is literally space documentary gold. The documentary, some might call a piece of art, focusses on the beauty of our home planet as seen from space.
It includes the personal experiences of the Apollo program crew, as well as, mission control staff. This really is a very different watching experience compared to other entries on this list.
10. "In the Shadow of the Moon" is an interesting take on the mission to the Moon
space documentaries shadow of the moon
Source: IMDB
A British-made documentary/film, "In the Shadow of the Moon" is yet another amazing space documentary that is really worth spending your time watching. Released in 2007, it documents the United States' crewed missions to the Moon.
It first premiered at the Sundance Film Festival and even managed to win the World Cinema Audience Award the same year. The following year, it was the first film to be awarded Sir Arthur Clarke Award.
Like other documentaries featured on this list, "In the Shadow of the Moon" features original footage from various missions to the Moon.
11. "The Last Man on the Moon" is an inspiring story
space


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National Register of Historic Places
The U.S. General Services Administration (GSA) is responsible for the stewardship of more than 470 historic properties. These properties represent the work of prominent architects and are valued for their significance in American history, architecture, art, archeology, engineering and culture. GSA takes great pride in its inventory and strives to preserve, protect, and utilize historic properties as established in Section 110 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966. Currently, more than 300 GSA properties are listed in the National Register of Historic Places. In addition, GSA is actively working to nominate approximately 140 eligible properties.
The shortcut to this page is _URL_


How to roleplay a Death Knight
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How to Roleplay a Death Knight
So, you want to RP the warriors of death that instill fear into the living? There are a few things you should consider.
1.Which Generation of Death Knight are you? (There are commonly 3 but a fourth is possible.)
2.Is it possible and likely that your race would become a Death Knight during that generation?
3.Why would your Death Knight wander in society?
The Generations of Death Knights
Death Knights come in different varieties. The first generation being the death knights of Gul'dan who were made from Orc souls infused in Stormwindian knights bodies. The second generation being the Death Knights corrupted by the Scourge during Arthas' rampage before he became the lich king. And the third generation is the Death Knights of Acherus, hinted in the game to be former Argent Dawn Members, but your backstory can be whatever you want, as long as it works. The possible fourth generation that was mentioned, was discovered during Eastern Plaguelands when Gidwin Goldbraids was kidnapped and almost turned into a death knight by some higher ranking remaining scourge. Aurius Rivendare fits into this category.
How the Death Knights Act
Despite popular belief, Death Knights are not cold, cruel, mindless beings. Take Thassarian for example. Death Knights are in most ways exactly how they were before they became what they are now. They search for a purpose, now that the Lich King is dead, but it's not hard to find one with the current conflicts going on between the Alliance and the Horde.
Death Knights are normally solitary in nature but might summon a minion if they prefer a pawn to use. Death Knights have varying morals, some willing to raise even the most holy of paladins from the grave as their minion.
Unique Qualities of Death Knights
The first generation's abilities are undefined as far as their necromantic powers, the second generation pretty much shares the same powers as the first generation. The Fourth generation possibly different powers.
A unique quality of generation three is that they require a Runeblade to use their magic, contrary to game mechanics a Runeblade is necessary for all their powers. And the saronite armor they don is mostly unpierceable (See Adamantine) and can absorb magics and reflect them back after awhile, this armor is exclusive only to the Undead who can resist Yogg'Saron's whispers. Death Knights have a constant addiction to slaughter and hurt others, sadism a common trait in their kind.
Generation two and four Death Knights do not require a runeblade to use their powers. Generation Three Death Knights need the Runes in their Runeblades to use their powers, although game mechanics doesn't show it. Razuvious tells you a Death Knight can't fight without his Runeblade. This is mainly because third generation Death Knights use Vrykul Rune Magic, while second generation Death Knight use Necromancy, Shadow, Blood or Frost magic.
Anyway, some generation two Death Knights (Those who got a Vampiric Runeblade) are extremely weaker without their Runeblade, as it stores their soul and power. This is the case of Arthas, but not all of generation two Death Knights use this kind of Runeblade or a runeblade at all.
Contrary to belief (Mostly due to game mechanics), Death Knights are Undead and cannot be living for long using their dark powers. Those who take up the Runeblade and use its powers eventually lose their lives to the dark magics and become Undead, as Arthas lost his soul to Frostmourne and was turned Undead. The other way a Death Knight could become a Death Knight other than to become Undead from corruption, is to be killed and raised by a powerful necromancer into a Death Knight. As Death Knights you can manipulate the life you siphon from others to make undead minions or pull your enemies to you, or just strangle them. The Death Knight being Undead is immune to effects of poison, disease, bleeding, as you need to be living in order for those things to really affect you. Death Knights also have a vulnerability to light and holy land as shown at Light's Hope Chapel where the land weakened the Death Knights of Acherus.
Death Knights usually have allegiance to the leader of their current faction. Those free from the scourge or Old Horde likely suit their own needs and crush all opposition, Death Knights when it comes to authority can range from devout to possibly traitorous and as far as personality range from irritable to cold and rational.
Death Knights of the third generation are all the humanoid races. Each one being either a member of the Argent Dawn or a former warrior of the Horde or Alliance, or any other threat to the Scourge. The 2nd Generation consists of only humans and a few high elves or Dwarfs. The first of only human (Orc soul) knights.
The Worgen Death Knights are the former minions of Arugal who fled from him only to die by the hands of the scourge and be raised into their armies, but these are a rare commodity among the Death Knights, not being as abundant as the other races to be turned. Also, Pandaren Death Knights are extremely rare, as only a few of them were traveling around the world before the Lich King (Athas) was defeated.
Death Knights typically have pallid skin and eyes of varying colours, from grey to black to blue. The first generation have red or grey or black, the second generation typically green, to black, to blue. The third generation typically has only blue eyes. Dwarf death knight would usually have blue facial and scalp hair.


Moving Text box over arc
 - Moving Text box over arc
 I am referring to the speedometer example code. In the example code, the speed of the speedometer is displayed at a fixed location.
 Instead of showing the speed at a fixed location, I wanted to display the speed over arc/dial. I have attached the image so that you will get to know what exactly I am expecting.
 I have a radius of speedometer and angle of speed indicator. Could you please let me know how to move text box (Speed reading) over a speedometer dial?
 If you have a similar kind of example code, could you please share it?
 - Capture.PNG
 41.11 kB, 346×263, viewed 129 times


Does radar work when cops are driving the opposite way?
Q: Can cops really still get an accurate radar account of your vehicle speed while they are driving from the opposite direction while pointing the radar gun?
A: Yes.
"It's called a moving radar," State Patrol Sgt. J.J. Gundermann said. "The radar in the patrol car calculates the patrol car's speed and the speed of a vehicle either approaching from the opposite direction or another vehicle approaching from the rear."
Another common question is whether or not radar guns work in the rain. Follow the link in the previous sentence to learn the answer.
Questions may be edited or paraphrased.
Casey McNerthney
Comments are closed.


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Definition of the noun Aganippe bancrofti
What does Aganippe bancrofti mean as a name of something?
Aganippe bancrofti is a species of Aganippe, described by Rainbow in 1914.
- synonyms: species Aganippe bancrofti / Blakistonia bancrofti / species Blakistonia bancrofti
- kingdom: Animalia
- phylum: Arthropoda
- class: Arachnida
- order: Araneae
- family: Idiopidae
- genus: Aganippe
Online dictionaries and encyclopedias with entries for Aganippe bancrofti
Click on a label to prioritize search results according to that topic:
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Go to the thesaurus of Aganippe bancrofti to find many related words and phrases!


Developer Console
Device Filtering and Compatibility
When you submit your APK into the Amazon Appstore, the attributes in your app manifest and build.gradle files determine what devices your app can be installed on. Incompatibilities between these files and a device's capabilities will prevent your APK file from being supported on that device. The sections that follow explain some of the filters that influence support for devices. You can also manually adjust the list of supported devices in the developer console.
Background Knowledge
Because Amazon's Fire OS is based on Android, Amazon tries to maintain as much parity with Android as possible. Because of this, the documentation here doesn't duplicate the information in the Android documentation; instead, it covers how Amazon and Fire OS differ. For a better understanding of the concepts here, consult these foundational Android documentation topics:
Key Terms Related to Device Filtering
The following are common terms used with device filtering in app submission.
For a more comprehensive glossary, see the App Submission Glossary.
Device Compatibility Determined by Your APK's Manifest
As with standard Android practices, the attributes in your APK's manifest and build.gradle files determine which devices are compatible with your app. For example:
 - If you set minSdkVersion=4 and smallScreens=false in the app manifest, the Amazon Appstore prevents the app from being installed on any device that doesn't support those requirements.
 - If your manifest declares a requirement for a camera feature (), any device that does not have a camera won't be compatible. Customers with incompatible devices will not see the app as available to be installed.
Using the filters in your APK's manifest, Amazon Appstore checks the hardware and software requirements for the customer's device as well as the carrier, location, and other characteristics. Amazon also looks at the geographic location availability requirements as specified in your app's metadata (which you select when publishing your app). If your app is compatible with the device according to the filter rules, your app is made available to the customer. If the app is incompatible, your app is hidden from search results and category browsing for that customer's device.
The following table shows examples of filters:
Filter Type Example
Filtering based on device compatibility If you state in the app manifest that the app requires GPS, the Amazon Appstore does not show the app to devices that do not have a GPS.
Filtering based on app availability If you state in the developer portal that your app should only be available in North America, the Amazon Appstore does not show the app to devices outside North America.
For a full list of supported manifest filters, see Manifest Filters Supported by the Amazon Appstore.
Support on Non-Amazon Devices
In addition to supporting Amazon devices, the Amazon Appstore supports non-Amazon devices as well. Your manifest and build.gradle file determine the filtering logic and device support on these devices as well.
To install Amazon apps on non-Amazon devices, customers do so through the Amazon Appstore for Android app. Customers might install your Amazon app on a non-Amazon device if they already purchased the app from Amazon Appstore and don't want to buy it again from Google Play, or if they have coins or subscriptions they purchased from Amazon and want to use them in the same app on other devices, such as Android tablets.
Fire OS and Android API Levels
Fire devices use Fire OS as the operating system. Since Fire OS is a custom version of Android, each Fire OS version corresponds to an Android API level. The first step in creating your app manifest is to specify the proper Android API level in the android:minSdkVersion attribute for the Fire devices you intend to target. For example, to target all 2013 and newer tablets, your manifest should contain an entry like this:
You can also set the Android API level using the android:targetSdkVersion attribute. The targetSdkVersion attribute designates a specific Android API level. To ensure that your apps run newer API levels with enhanced security and performance, Android enforces minimum API levels for targetSdkVersion. See Android documentation to learn more about minimum targetSdkVersion requirements.
As with Android devices, not all Fire devices have the same API level. For example, some Fire TV devices run on Fire OS 7 (based on Android API level 28), others run on Fire OS 6 (based on Android API level 25), and others run on Fire OS 5 (based on API level 22). Fire tablets have even more differences between API levels. See the following for specific API levels for different Fire devices:
Minimum API Levels for targetSdkVersion
Due to requirements from Android, on December 31, 2021, Amazon will enforce the following Android API level requirements for targetSdkVersion on Fire OS 6 and 7:
Fire OS Version Minimum API Level
Fire OS 6 25
Fire OS 7 28
You cannot submit new apps or update existing apps that do not meet the minimum API levels for targetSdkVersion on or after December 31, 2021. Any existing apps submitted to the Appstore will continue to work and be available for your customers.
See Fire OS documentation to learn more about setting minimum API levels:
Backwards and Forwards Compatibility Across API Levels
Android APIs are usually backwards compatible, meaning a device that supports Android Level 28 will support Levels 1 through 27. However, Android APIs are not forwards compatible, meaning Level 27 will not necessarily support all the functionality introduced in Level 28. As such, some features available in Fire OS 7 might not be supported in Fire OS 6. Some features in Fire OS 6 might not be supported on Fire OS 5, and so on. See the following for special considerations about how to develop for Fire OS 6 and Fire OS 7:
Evolving API Levels
Some Android API levels for devices change over time as Fire OS updates are deployed. For example, some versions of Fire tablets were initially released with Fire OS 6, but they were upleveled to Fire OS 7 later on through an over-the-air ("OTA") update process.
If your APK is compatible with multiple versions of Fire OS, in the element in your manifest, set your minSdkVersion to the lowest API level your device supports in order to ensure maximum compatibility with devices. If you set the minSdkVersion to 22, devices that support only level 19 and lower won't be compatible.
The Amazon Appstore also supports the android:maxSdkVersion attribute, which specifies the maximum allowed API level on the device. In most cases, use of this attribute is not needed unless there is a breaking incompatibility with a higher API level.
Common Hardware and Software Capabilities
After you specify the minSdkVersion, make sure your and elements are appropriate for the devices you want your app to be compatible with. Refer to specifications for Fire Tablets and Fire TV for specific hardware and software capabilities.
Be aware of implied (or unstated) feature requirements as well. As noted in the Android documentation, specifying for certain capabilities implies one or more elements, with android:required="true" assumed. Because the implied features are required, the APK will not be compatible with any device that does not provide those features, even if the app is designed to degrade gracefully when features aren't present.
To better understand implied features, consider this scenario. Your app uses the device's current location to find nearby gas stations. The app can get your current location from the device's GPS, but if GPS is not available, the user can input an address or location. To use the GPS, you should include this element in your manifest:
However, if you don't explicitly define the feature requirements, these elements are implicitly defined:
If you then provide this APK to the Amazon Appstore, only Fire tablets with built-in GPS capabilities (that is, with WAN, or wireless access networks) would be compatible. To be compatible with additional Fire devices, you should include these elements in your manifest but specify them as not required (provided your app functions correctly without GPS):
For a full list of permissions that cause implied features, see Permissions that Imply Feature Requests.
Device Filtering for Fire TV Devices
For Fire TV devices, the following manifest attribute identifies support for Fire TV:
This attribute indicates that the touchscreen feature is false. Fire TV devices do not support touchscreens and multi-touch capabilities, whereas phones and tablets do. As a result, you must declare this android.hardware.touchscreen attribute to be false for the Appstore to classify your app as compatible with Fire TV devices.
However, this classification isn't automatic. When you upload an APK designed for Fire TV devices, you must still manually select which devices your APK is compatible with in the developer console. See Adjust Device Support for your APK for details.
Device Filtering for Web Apps
Although device filtering based on your Android manifest is not available for web apps, you can still control the supported devices through a list of check boxes during the submission process. With web apps, even though you submit a URL to a website or upload a zip package with web files, the Amazon Appstore takes the web app and generates an Android app using a Cordova wrapper. This Cordova-packaged app is the an Android app that users download and install on their devices.
Web apps are compatible with all devices because in terms of Android APIs, they are very basic — there's one activity with a WebView into which web files or a URL is loaded, and the API level is set to 10 to gain the widest compatibility possible.


text:
Date of Award
Doctor of Philosophy in Conflict Analysis & Resolution
College of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences – Department of Conflict Resolution Studies
Robert J. Witheridge
conflict, lesbian, motherhood, narratives, phenomenology, sociopolitical
This study explored the lives of lesbian mothers with children conceived through insemination or the adoption process in an effort to understand the conflicts they encountered along their journey to motherhood and how they managed those conflicts. The qualitative study included in-depth interviews conducted with six participants. The participants' ages ranged between 25-60 years old. Interview results were analyzed to explore participants' narratives in regards to their experiences, relationships, identities and transformation into motherhood. This research highlights significant ongoing developments in the field of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ) studies and seeks to intersect the boundaries between interpersonal and sociopolitical conflicts with the phenomena of lesbian-mothered families. Using interpretative phenomenological analysis, this research provides a contribution to the interdisciplinary field of conflict resolution with a focus on the central research question: What is the common experience shared among lesbian mothers in their transformation to motherhood? The key findings of this study interrelate with themes of interpersonal conflict, role conflict, and sociopolitical conflict. The conclusions contribute to the field of conflict analysis and resolution, expand upon recent developments on LGBT family systems, and suggest new areas for further examination from the perspective of conflict analysis scholarship.
Melissa Miller-Munoz. 2016. Motherhood redefined: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of the lived experiences of lesbian mothers and the sociopolitical conflicts that shape their narratives. Doctoral dissertation. Nova Southeastern University. Retrieved from NSUWorks, College of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences – Department of Conflict Resolution Studies. (51)


How to measure hydraulic waveforms with a PicoScope
Hydraulic waveforms: Examples and analysis
Pico's Engine and hydraulics kit allows you to diagnose problems on your engine and hydraulics equipment. You can use it for simple tests of purely electric signals, such as extending and retracting a hydraulic ram, and for full system tests.
Typical uses for the engine and hydraulics kit:
The Engine and hydraulics kit lets you diagnose problems on your equipment relating to either engine or hydraulics. Allowing pressures up to 600 bar to be monitored against time enables you to connect the WPS600C to the relevant hydraulic test port, then view activity and transitions in hydraulic pressure that were never previously visible with conventional gauges.
 - Hydraulic pump performance
 - Hydraulic valve switching activity
 - Hydraulic pressure control valve performance
 - Hydraulic pressure decay
 - Residual hydraulic pressure
Examples using the kit
The settings and connections you have to use depend on the test you want to perform and the vehicle you wish to test. Here we have compiled some examples to illustrate what possible waveforms you may see on the screen, and what to look for during the diagnostic process.
 - Example 1 – Hydraulic ram on a tractor's three-point hitch
 - Example 2 – Hydraulic system on telehandler
 - Example 3 – Hydraulic clutch pack
Example 1: Hydraulic ram on a tractor's three-point hitch
Test: Extending and lowering the hydraulic ram on a tractor's three-point hitch.
Example waveform:
 - Channel A: Current on lowering solenoid
 - Channel B: Current on lifting solenoid
 - Channel C: Position sensor
Example 1; © Pico Technology
Waveform key:
 - Lifting operation
 - Lowering operation
 - Position sensor voltage during lifting and lowering
This example shows you the difference in behavior between lifting and lowering. The lift was under manual control, and you can see that the waveform during this period is quite uneven. Lowering was under the control of the ECU, and here you can see that the waveform displays a soft start and finish.
The control valves used in this example are both pulse width modulated (PWM) dither valves. This means that the average current through them is proportional to the mark-space ratio of the controlling voltage signal, the midpoint current at any instant indicating the degree to which the valve is open or closed. The ripple on the PWM current shows the underlying frequency of the PWM signal (in this case 125 Hz).
Example 2: Hydraulic system on telehandler
With more advanced system testing, you can explore the operation of the whole system with one capture. In this example, we look at the performance of the hydraulic system on a telehandler using the TA377 300 lpm Webtec flowmeter (not included in the kit).
There is a huge amount of diagnostic information in this capture, showing both the basic operation of the system and some of the feedback controls built into this vehicle. Engine speed can be inferred from the crank speed sensor by using a measurement showing the frequency of the crank signal between two closely spaced rulers. As the crank sensor on this engine is a 60-tooth wheel with two teeth missing, engine RPM is almost the same as the crank sensor frequency (RPM is 3.5% higher). The vehicle was sitting with the boom raised and the forks pointing down.
Example waveform:
 - Channel A: Crank speed sensor
 - Channel B: Main control valve solenoid
 - Channel C: Flow through aux (auxiliary) line
 - Channel D: Hydraulic pressure at control valve output
Example 2; © Pico Technology
Waveform key:
 1. The engine is started – the crank sensor speeds up to its tick-over value and the hydraulic system pressurizes to its standby pressure. The dither control on the main valve starts at a minimum value and builds slowly to avoid stalling the engine.
 2. The waveform shows a steady state, with the engine idling and only the standby flow in the internal hydraulic system to provide lubrication for the main hydraulic components. Note: at this time there is no significant hydraulic flow in the aux line.
 3. The aux system is turned on with the full flow rate of 30 lpm going to tank. The engine speed remains constant. The hydraulic pressure at the pump has increased to cope with the flow through the aux line.
 4. The forks are lifted to apply some load to the system. As you can see, the flow to the ram has priority over the aux line and the flow in the aux line drops to near zero (the flow meter used had a minimum flow reading of around 15 lpm – below this value the scope trace will disappear off the bottom of the screen). As the forks start to lift, you can see the line pressure drop to near standby, as there is no real load on the forks and the standby pressure is enough to overcome gravity. As the ram reaches its end stop, you can see a small pressure step as the soft-finish function of the ram cuts in.
 5. With the forks fully up, the operator applies and maintains full pressure to the system to generatemaximum load. As this occurs, several things happen:
 - First, the pressure goes to system maximum.
 - The flow is switched back to the aux line as the forks cylinder no longer requires a significant flow.
 - The engine slows down as the load comes on due to the increased power demand. If you calculate the engine speed as the system goes to max load you will see the approximate engine speed drop from around 820 RPM to 720 RPM. Once the revs have dropped by the preset amount, the engine's anti-stall system cuts in to keep it running.
 - The pulse width modulated (PWM) main control valve is backed off a small amount to unload the engine. You can see this in the way the max current (Channel B) dips slightly. This unloading, along with the engine's electronic controls, allows the ECU to return the engine to the correct number of revs. An additional effect of the pressure backing off is the rounded nature of the initial corner as the pump goes to maximum pressure.
 1. The operator stops applying pressure to the forks cylinder. Although the forks do not actually move, you can see the pressure decay. When this happens, the load on the engine is removed and the engine starts to speed up. The engine ECU uses the hydraulic system as a brake and opens the main control valve slightly to apply more load to the engine, bringing its speed back to the correct value as quickly aspossible.
From this simple test, we can see how the system's electronic control is applied to manage the operation of the complete system.
It is important to understand that a simple-sounding fault such as "the engine stalls when a heavy hydraulic load is applied" can be down to problems with either the engine or the hydraulic system. Having the ability to directly relate the hydraulic system's performance to engine signals such as injectors or the crank sensor can show the technician not only what is happening, but also what the ECU expects to be happening, hence highlighting an issue.
In PicoScope 6 you can set up a math channel to plot the engine RPM as it varies. This gives you a graphical view of the behavior of the engine anti-stall system. In the example below we are using a lowpass filter with a 2 Hz cut-off in order to remove the peaks that come from the missing teeth in the crank sensor reluctor wheel.
Example math channel formula: 1.034*LowPass(freq(A),2), with Units named as RPM and Max Range set at 1200.
1.034 is the correction factor to convert from 58 pulses per second from the crank sensor to RPM.
Example 2-2; © Pico Technology
Example 3: Hydraulic clutch pack
This example is from a hydraulic clutch pack changing from Clutch A to Clutch B. It illustrates the real-world delays caused by the time it takes for the valve spools to move, oil to flow, and pressure to decay. Note that the entire changeover only takes 250 ms, and there is less than 200 ms between turning one solenoid on and turning the second off.
Example waveform:
 - Channel A: Clutch B pressure
 - Channel B: Clutch A pressure
 - Channel C: Clutch B current
 - Channel D: Clutch A current
Example 3; © Pico Technology
Waveform key:
 1. The solenoid in Clutch B is activated
 2. The pressure in Clutch A starts to decrease
 3. The pressure in Clutch B starts to increase
 4. The solenoid in Clutch A is deactivated
 5. The pressure in Clutch B plateaus until the clutch is deactivated. The pressure then rises to its full normal operating pressure
We can see that Clutch A is already engaged and that the pulse width modulated (PWM) signal to its control solenoid is active. Note that the pressure traces for the two clutches have different vertical scales.
When the clutch change is activated, first the power is turned on to Clutch B. For a short period of time nothing appears to happen. In fact, the spool moves within the directional control valve and oil starts to flow. Once the valve spool has moved far enough, we can see the pressure in Clutch A begin to decrease. With this clutch pack design, there is an internal gallery between the two clutches to speed


text:
The web page that I wanted to test using Selenium consisted of multiple tinymce editors used for various rich textareas. Internet Explorer 8 was the target browser. Obviously simply using the type command with input text did not work. So googled on how other people achieved this, found following two solutions:
1. Select frame and then type text
2. Identify the text area using DOM locator
selectFrame id_of_tinymce_iframe focus tinymce type tinymce Text_text selectFrame relative=parent
type dom=document.getElementById('id_of_tinymce_iframe').contentWindow.document.body Test_text
Both of them seem to work on Firefox where I develop my test using Selenium IDE. But on IE 8 I would not see the "Test_text" in the TinyMCE textarea even though the steps would run fine. The way I ended up achieving this was by using the following:
Yes and this did work on IE 8.
focus dom=document.getElementById('id_of_tinymce_iframe').contentWindow.document.body getEval selenium.browserbot.getCurrentWindow().document.getElementById('id_of_tinymce_iframe').contentWindow.document.body.innerHTML = 'Test_text';
Click here to read "Selenium tips for better automation".


text:
Definition of teredo
noun(plural teredos) Zoology
- a wormlike bivalve mollusk with reduced shells that it uses to drill into wood. It can cause substantial damage to wooden structures and vessels. Also called shipworm.
- Genus Teredo, family Teredinidae: several species, in particular T. navalis
late Middle English: via Latin from Greek terēdōn; related to teirein 'rub hard, wear away'


When does 35 not equal 35?
… and when does 35 – 35 not equal zero?
In the first case the answer is when one "35" is on an Excel spreadsheet and the other 35 is in VBA. The question arose from the ongoing continuous beam discussion with metroxx, who had, quite reasonably, generated a series of output points by calculating the length of one step (35/30) then adding this value to the previous length in 30 stages. This mysteriously caused an error in the function for no obvious reason.
Stepping through the code I found that the error was occurring when the last output point was compared to the beam length and found to be greater. The mysterious part was that both on the worksheet (formatted to 15 decimal places), and in the VBA Locals window, both values displayed as being exactly 35. Also entering the formula = A62 – 35 returned exactly zero.
To investigate what was going on I wrote the short VBA function shown below:
Function Diff(A As Double, B As Double) As Double
Diff = A - B
End Function
The function simply subtracts B from A, but using this function with the incrementally generated "35" as A and the "exact" 35 as B returned a value of 7.11E-15, even though stepping through the routine both variables displayed as exactly 35 in the locals window.
The answer to the second question is the same as the first (as would be expected), but also in some cases this behaviour can be seen on the spreadsheet with no VBA involved. As stated above, the formula = A62 – 35 returns exactly zero, but the formula = (A62 – 35) returns 7.11E-15, the same as the UDF! The screenshots below show more detail of this behaviour.
In the spreadsheet in column B I have generated 30 increments with the formula =(B7+$C$4), where C4 is =C2/C3, i.e. 35/30.
The value in column C are generated with =$C$2*A8/$C$3, where C2 is the beam length, A8 is the increment number, and C3 is the number of increments (30). Column D contains the the formula =B8 – C8, Column E: =Diff(B8, CB), and column F: =(B8 – C8).
Floating point value check - click to view full size
Error in Column D result
It can be seen that Column D has returned a difference of zero in all cases, even though the VBA function in Column E and the formula in Column F show a difference of up to 1.42E-14.
These differences are of course caused in part by the fact that all values are stored as binary floating point values, that cannot represent all decimal or fractional values exactly. This is described in several Microsoft documents (e.g. Understanding Floating Point Precision), which all claim that Excel follows the IEEE Standard for Binary Floating-Point Arithmetic. Clearly this is not the whole story though, since the example given generates errors up to an order of magnitude greater than the maximum difference between any exact value and the nearest floating point value, and also generates different results depending on how worksheet formulas are entered.
I would be interested if anyone has any more background on exactly how these things are handled in Excel, but for practical purposes I think the lessons are:
 - When comparing non-integer values be aware that values that display as exactly equal may be stored as different values.
 - When comparing doubles in VBA either round the values to a suitable precision, or check that the difference is less than some small value, rather than exactly zero.
 - Calculations that involve the difference between two nearly equal values may give incorrect results. Consider carrying out this type of calculation entirely in VBA (or if necessary in a different language offering higher precision calculations).
Example added 27th Dec 2011:
Another example of the effect of brackets:
 - Cell B4, =B2 + B3, displays as exactly 1, because the 1.6E-15 would be the 16th and 17th significant figure, but only 15 significant figures are displayed.
 - Cell B5, =B4 – 1, displays as exactly 0, the contents of B4 being treated as the displayed value.
 - Cell B6, =(B2 + B3), displays as exactly 1, the same as B4, as would be expected.
 - But Cell B7, =B6-1, displays as 0.000000000000001554, using the decimal equivalent of the underlying value stored in B6, rather than the displayed value.
 - Cell B8, =(B6-B4), displays exactly 0, using the displayed values in both cells
 - Cell B9, = B7-B5, displays 1.554E-15 (i.e. the same as B7), so
 ((1+x))-(1+x) <> ((1+x)-1)-(1+x-1) !
This entry was posted in Excel, Maths, Newton, VBA and tagged,,,. Bookmark the permalink.
12 Responses to When does 35 not equal 35?
 1. Georg says:
 Hi all, here comes a short list of links that helped me to understand what IEEE 754 DP really means for computational arithmetics:
 here MS states where VBA (not XL!!) adheres to IEEE 754 and where not
 imho, good summary of all effects
 homepage of Prof. Kahan, many papers available for download; among them this nice "fatwah" on Java's IEEE implementation; imho, even VBA programmers can learn much from it
 Click to access JAVAhurt.pdf
 imho, a nice website on the subject
 "staircase to hell" demonstrating one of XL's dirty secrets, i.e., manipulating a wide range of numbers around the exact doubles
 According to my experience, XL cannot be used to pre-test VBA code in detail because firstly, the results of even simple arithmetic operations may differ and secondly, even the standard mathematical functions sometimes yield different results in XL and VBA, resp. This holds true for XL10/VBA6/x32 as well as for XL14/VBA7/x64. Moreover, unlike C or Fortran VBA does not seem to take full advantage of the cache registers providing extended precision for intermediate results that all modern processors are equipped with. Therefore, I recommend to use VBA only to interface to routines written in a more suitable language like C or Fortran if accuracy really matters, for example when solving ODEs or PDEs, resp.
 2. lhm says:
 Agree it's strange that parentheses around a formula can change the result?!
 The differences in column F of the screenshot are exact binary powers: 2^-50, 2^-49, etc. as one might expect from the binary representations. This ties in with the fact that Excel truncates numbers beyond the fifteenth significant figure in calculations (_URL_ whereas seventeen significant figures are needed to store numbers exactly in the xml file formats. In VBA results are displayed rounded to fifteen significant figures but are stored internally to greater precision.
 - lhm says:
 After further investigation, it's clear that formulas in column D return zeroes due to truncation but the differences in column F are generic IEEE double round-off errors. For instance this c code returns identical results:
 double sum=0;
 int i;
 (The chart could also be converted to a step chart if desired.)
 3. Georg says:
 Ihm, the key needed to understand all those "strange" effects occuring with the DP numbers is to realise that the gap between two adjacent DP numbers doubles at each exact non-zero power of two. That is why in VBA if statements, e.g., you should only compare DP numbers to 0# and not to any other DP number, because in the latter case the interval yielding true/false is no more symmetric around your DP reference number.
 Imho, the behaviour of the DP numbers can only be fully understood if we look at their binary representation and not at their (mostly) rounded decimal representation. If you know that 0.1 is internally approximated by the IEEE 754 DP binary number 3F B9 99 99 99 99 99 9A (little endian byte order), and that 0.5-0.4 is approximated by 3F B9 99 99 99 99 99 98, you will not be surprised that 2^55*(0.1-(0.5-0.4)) yields a result of 1, whereas 2^55*((0.5-0.4)-0.1) yields a result of -1, though mathematically, both should yield exactly 0. Afaik, forthcoming versions of xNumbers will provide functions that allow for conversions between the decimal and binary representation of a variable of type "Double" in VBA. That VBA lacks the support of subnormal numbers is a big difference between VBA and F, C,… Start with 2^(-1070) and successively divide by 2 in XL, VBA, C, F… and print out the results…
 4. Georg


Why do dogs bite their paws?
I have a female 4year old boxer. She bites her paws all the time. I need to know why she bites her paws?
Asked by Member 538050 on Nov 28th 2007 in Health & Wellness
 - This question is closed.
Best Answer
Not all dogs bite their paws. A little nibble now and then could be a common, normal itch. But if the chewing or licking is excessive then there is definitely some other cause.
The most common causes for foot chewing include allergies or boredom/stress.
What is she eating? Check the label for some common allergens such as corn or high amounts of grains, artificial preservatives, colors, or flavors. You may also want to try switching food brands completely and choose a formula with a different meat source and a different grain source than what you are currently using. Or try grain free food, home cooking, or a raw diet. Take treats into consideration as well.
To determine whether it is stress or boredom, look at her daily routine. Is she home alone a lot? Does she have a job? Is she well socialized and adaptable to new situations? Consider games or activities to stimulate her mind. This could be an organized sport and training, at home thinking games, or at home trick training.
Gio answered on Nov 29th.
Other Answers
Kaiden *aka BOO*, PAWS
My first reaction would be to say that they itch. However, I am learning that it can be something more like fleas. *They bite at their paws for a variety of reasons. The 2 most common are as follows:
1. Allergies/irritants which have caused irritation between the toes or on the pads.
2. Full anal glands.
Either case have it checked out..
Kaiden *aka BOO*, PAWS answered on 11/28/07. Helpful? Yes/Helpful: No 0 Report this answer
I've heard of several dogs who bite at their paws when they are stressed, much like a nervous tic. Has there been any changes in her life lately (a move to a new house, new baby, less walks, less people home, someone moved out?) If so, I would suggest trying to deflect her attention from the paws, perhaps giving her a toy each time she goes for her paw? I'm not an expert, but after getting a check up at the vet, I would look into possible stressors.
take care!
Rudy answered on 11/29/07. Helpful? Yes/Helpful: No 0 Report this answer
I would have it checked, but I would beleive it to be allergies. If she licks at them to a point where they start getting discolored then I would lean more toward allergies than anything
Member 521584 answered on 11/29/07. Helpful? Yes/Helpful: No 0 Report this answer


text:
Create a basic link
A basic link links existing text on the current page to another page.
1. In the page area, select the text or picture that you want to use as a link (that is, the text or picture a visitor will click to go to another page).
You can select text or pictures in any section of the page area.
2. In the map, right-click the page to link to, then choose Link to this page.
If you are displaying the outline, you can also right-click the page title in the outline area to create a link to the page.
You can also create a basic link by selecting the text and choosing Link > Create Link Using > Selection, or right-clicking and choosing Link to a Page Using > Selection. Then, in the map or the outline, click the page to link to.
To test the link, click the link.
You cannot create a basic link to the current page; clicking on such a link would have no effect. If you attempt to do this, the selection remains unchanged.


Pre-Shot Golf Routine
Home / Golf Tips / Pre-Shot Golf Routine
Pre-Shot Golf Routine
Pre-Shot Golf Routine: How Important Is It?
If you've read any golf psychology books you'll notice how each stresses the importance of a consistence pre-shot golf routine. Bob Rotella, a famous writer about golf psychology talks about the pre-shot golf routine in much detail. So if you're unfamiliar with a what a pre-shot routine in golf is, it is basically a sequence of steps or actions that you take before every single shot during your round. Every golfer has their own particular pre-shot routine, this can include alignment, the number of practice swings, waggles over the ball, as well as the timing of each movement or event. This all happens before actually hit your golf shot.
Why is a pre-shot golf routine important? A pre-shot routine basically makes you only focus on each step of your pre-shot routine. It helps to eliminate any bad or negative thoughts, nervousness, etc. before hitting your shot. A lot of golfers will step up to the tee and see white out of bounds stakes right or maybe there is a lake you need to carry and then you only start to focus on avoiding those obstacles. So if you see out of bounds stakes right, you may make a swing that overcompensates and you end up in the left woods. Or if you're thinking about hitting it over a lake 200 yards away when you're average carry is 220 yards away you may swing to hard to make sure you hit it over the lake when you really just needed to get up to the ball and take your normal swing. The pre-shot golf routine helps prevent these negative thoughts. It forces you to focus and only focus on the certain steps of your pre-shot routine and if you're focusing on those simple, yet relevant tasks you're not thinking about the lake you have to carry or preventing yourself from slicing the ball out of bounds to the right.
If you watch any golf professionals during a PGA Tournament on television you'll notice they all have a pre-shot routine. Each one has different steps and mannerisms before they step up and begin their actual backswing of the shot at hand.
Pre-Shot Golf Routine
So what can a pre-shot routine actually consist of? There can be very few steps you take during your pre-shot routine or there can be more. It all depends on the type of golfer. Once you have your club selection and you're confident you have the correct club you can start your pre-shot routine. This can start with alignment. Some golfers prefer 1-3 practice swings and some take their practice swings behind the ball, while others may take their practice swings right next to the ball lining up to the target. It can also include any current swing thoughts you have. Maybe you've been working on a move in your backswing that you repeat three times for muscle memory right before you step up to the ball. Once you step up and actually rest your club behind the ball, you may have a certain number of waggles, and you may also have a certain number of times you look at the target.
A good example of a pre-shot golf routine to start with if you've never had one before would be as follows. Choose your club selection and be confident with it before you start your pre-shot routine. If you go through your pre-shot routine and are about to swing but feel a wind gust, step back, re-think your golf club selection and start your pre-shot routine all over. This also includes any distractions during your pre-shot routine, just step back and start it over. So now that you have your club, take 1 or 2 practice swings. Then stand behind the ball and pick your alignment, a lot of golfers will pick a blade of grass 1 foot in front of the ball. That way when you step up to the ball you're only aligning your clubface to a blade of grass 1 foot in front of the ball. This is much easier than looking back and forth and at a target and trying to line up correctly. Then you take one waggle, one last look, at the target, visualize your perfect shot and take your swing.
This is just an example but it's a starting point to developing your own pre-shot golf routine. You can alter it in any way you want. You can also watch your favorite PGA Tour player on TV for tips as well. Also a lot of golfers will develop their pre-shot routine based how quickly they play. If you typically are a fast player on the course your pre-shot routine might be very simple. Sometimes this also helps with you giving you less time for negative thoughts. Or if you are a slower player who is very meticulous and likes to take your time, you may take a few more relaxed practice swings and take your time with each detail of your pre-shot routine. If you're that type of golfer a fast-paced, quick pre-shot routine probably doesn't make sense. You do not want to feel rushed during your pre-shot routine, you should feel relaxed and focused only on the next step of your routine.
It is also worthy to note that some players have different pre-shot routines for full swings, chipping, sand shots, or putting on the green. However, it's still important to have a solid consistent pre-shot routine for every type of shot. For chipping, one part of your pre-shot routine you may walk up to the green and determine exactly where you want the golf ball to land. You may take extra practice swings to get the feel of the shot so you hit it with the correct force and achieve the correct distance. For putting you may read a putt from behind the ball, then behind the hole. You may stand over the ball once to get a feel for the putt, then step back from the ball and focus on alignment. Regardless of all of this make sure all of your pre-shot routines are consistent and literally become second nature.
You may also find that over time you add steps or remove steps from your pre-shot routine. This is perfectly fine, you may be working on take your club back low and slow, so you add that move in and repeat it 3 times for added confidence and muscle memory. Developing a solid pre-shot routine may take some time before you are 100% comfortable and confident you have it perfected. You want it to mimic your style as a golfer, but once you have it down and consistently apply it to each shot you'll continually see improvement. You also should practice it and not only make sure you apply it to every single shot on the course but you should also go through your pre-shot routine while on the driving range. This will force you to not only solidify your pre-shot routine but also makes sure you are practicing properly on the range and thinking about every shot. It's important to practice with a purpose and rushing through a bucket of balls just to say you practiced today isn't helping. So start to begin forming and practicing your pre-shot routine today and you'll begin to notice a lot of improvement in your scores as well as your course management and the mental aspects of golf.
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How To Avoid Hitting Utility Lines During Excavation
How To Avoid Hitting Utility Lines During Excavation
Utility lines such as water and gas pipes, phone lines, and sewer lines are mostly found underground, which can sometimes be damaged if excavation work is done recklessly.
Ground excavation is done to install a new utility line or to repair a faulty one. Therefore, one should take specific measures and precautions before any excavation to ensure that previously installed utility lines are not hit or damaged in the process.
Scorpion Construction LLC is a team of professionals with expert advice and construction contracts anywhere in Tampa Bay, FL. We offer underground utility works along with first-rate asphalt paving and concrete paving services at economical rates. Click here to connect with us today!
Following are some simple ways to help paving contractors avoid damaging utility lines in the process of excavation.
1. Mark The Location
The best way to protect utility lines during an excavation project is by finding their locations as accurately as possible. Mapping out their exact location would help keep away heavy machinery and equipment from it.
2. Proceed With Caution
 Suppose due to any reason, it is not possible to notify the employers of the utility lines or to map the exact location. In that case, the contractors are advised to proceed with caution in the worksite and use the necessary equipment to detect utility lines.
3. Make Notes
 It is essential for the contractors at the job site to be continually taking notes before and after the excavation of the job site. This can help identify any significant changes in the utility lines before and after excavation.
4. Call The Authorities
 While you may be equipped with the right machinery and taking all the precautions, it is vital to have the authorities present at the job site to prevent any accident from happening.
5. Clear The Area
 The worksite area is equipped with heavy machinery, so it needs to be cleared of people living nearby to avoid accidents. Also, during excavation, the engineers should cover the open utility lines to prevent damage to them.
6. Communication Is Key
 It is the peak of construction season, which means there could be many underground repairs happening in one place altogether. Plus, since the utility lines are installed in a cramped up position, this could confuse different contractors for various repairs. Therefore, communication between them is necessary so that the work is done correctly with no accidents.
7. Notify The Owners
 It is best to notify the utility companies' owners 24 hours in advance to be present and guide accordingly.
8. Inspect The Ground
 Surveys suggest that excavation work kills 2-3 workers every month while damaging the utility lines, making it a severe threat. We can avoid this by checking the ground's texture and moisture before the start of the excavation process. A neutral atmosphere is also preferred for a smooth pit as the ground is sloppy and wet after rain.
To ensure a smooth excavation without damage to the utility lines, hire a professional contractor at the Scorpion Construction LLC in Tampa Bay, FL. Click here to contact us today.


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Suppose $X$ and $Y$ are Banach spaces whose dual spaces are isometrically isomorphic. It is certainly true that $X$ and $Y$ need not be isometrically isomorphic, but must it be true that there is a continuous (not necessarily isometric) isomorphism of $X$ onto $Y$?
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up vote 13 down vote accepted
Indeed, $\ell_1$ provides a strong counterexample. As noted by Matt, the spaces C(X), where X is countable and compact, provide nonisomorphic Banach spaces whose duals are isomorphic to $\ell_1$. If X is countable and compact (and Hausdorff, of course!) then X is homeomorphic to a closed ordinal interval [0, a] (equipped with its natural order topology) for some countable ordinal a; this result is known as the Mazurkiewicz-Sierpinski theorem. About 50 years ago Bessaga and Pelczynski showed that if a and b are infinite countable ordinals and a < b, then C([0, a]) is isomorphic to C([0, b]) if and only if b < a^*w*, where w denotes the first infinite ordinal. Thus C([0, w]) is in fact isomorphic to C([0, w^2]), contrary to Gerald's assertion above. Moreover, the least infinite ordinal b such that C([0, b]) is not isomorphic to C([0, w]) is b = w^w. Combining the Mazurkiewicz-Sierpinski result with the Bessaga=Pelczynski result, one has that each space C(X), where X is countable and compact, is isomorphic to C([0, w^(w^*a*)]) for a unique countable ordinal a. In particular, there are uncountably many nonisomorphic Banach spaces whose duals are isometrically isomorphic to $\ell_1$, namely the spaces C([0, w^(w^*a*)]), where a varies over the set of countable ordinals.
$\ell_1$ has other preduals too. For example, a 1972 paper from the Israel Journal of Mathematics by Yoav Benyamini and Joram Lindenstrauss exhibits a Banach space E whose dual is isometrically isomorphic to $\ell_1$, but E is not isomorphic to any space of the form C(X).
Although Gerald's assertion that the Cantor-Bendixson rank distinguishes between spaces of continuous functions on countable compact spaces is not correct, there is a rank/index that does distinguish between the isomorphism classes of these spaces, namely the Szlenk index. In fact the Szlenk index may be used to prove the 'only if' direction of the Bessaga-Pelczysnki result.
I strongly recommend Chapter 2 of the book Biorthogonal Systems in Banach Spaces by Hajek et al if you want to read about the Szlenk index and a proof of the Bessaga-Pelczynski result. That book also contains a sketch proof of the Mazurkiewicz-Sierpinski theorem; for a full account of that theorem I recommend Section 8 of Semadeni's classic book Banach spaces of continuous functions.
If you want a different example, I think the James-tree space JT would do. JT is separable but its dual is (at least I think so - it is worth checking!) isometrically isomorphic to the dual of the direct sum $*JT \oplus H*$, where H is Hilbert space of dimension equal to the cardinality of the continuum. In particular, $*JT \oplus H*$ cannot be isomorphic to JT because they have different density characters, but their duals are isometrically isomorphic. If you want to check the details of this example consult Chapter 13 of the Albiac and Kalton book recommended above by Matthew.
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If X is any countable, compact topological space, then consider the Banach space C(X). The dual space is the finite measures on X, but as any measure is countably additive, and X is countable, taking some ordering we get an isometric isomorphism between C(X)* and $\ell_1$. But not all such C(X) are isomorphic: you can find such X by taking a countable ordinal w and considering the closed interval [0,w]. This is all very nicely explained in the book "Topics in Banach Space Theory" by Albiac and Kalton.
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One may also remark that $c_{0}$ $\times$ (ℓ∞$/c_{0}$) is a predual of (ℓ∞)$^*$.
However, $c_{0}$ $\times$ (ℓ∞$/c_{0}$) is not isomorphic to ℓ∞.
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Nice example Ady, that one has never crossed my mind. – Philip Brooker Jan 23 '10 at 0:49
More striking than this is that the separable space C[0,1] has dual which is isometrically isomorphic to the dual of the non separable space QC[0,1] (the uniform closure of the step functions on [0,1], so it is also a C(K) space). As Philip mentioned, JT provides a similar example, but of course is not isomorphic to a C(K) space. – Bill Johnson Jan 23 '10 at 16:29
IMO, to be "more striking" is only a question of taste. Since, in my example, the two preduals are homeomorphic, due to an easy application of the Michael Selection Theorem. – Ady Feb 1 '10 at 20:58
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There are non-isomorphic preduals of $\ell_1$, but I'm afraid I don't know a reference for this. Recently, Argyros and Haydon solved a long-standing open problem by constructing a predual of $\ell_1$ with extraordinary properties; $c_0$ would not have done the job...
Actually, I now realize I'm not quite sure about the isometric version -- that is, what happens if you assume the duals are isometric and not just isomorphic. But I would be very surprised if the answer to your question was yes.
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If K, L are countable compact metric spaces, then the isomorphism of C(K) and C(L) depends on the Cantor-Bendixson rank... If the first empty derived set of K is K^(n) and the first empty derived set of L is L^(m) and n \ne m, then C(K) and C(L) are not isomorphic. So, for example, C([0,w]) and C([0,w^2]) are not isomporphic. But (as noted previously) their duals are both isometric to l^1.
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Thanks to Philip for correcting this. – Gerald Edgar Jan 23 '10 at 0:56
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ASP.NET MVC:Why does the CheckBoxFor render an additional input tag and how can I get the value using the FormCollection
I needed to create a check box and bind the model to the check box. Assume instead of the model value im just assigning false as the value. Code given bellow.
The output of the HTML being generated is shown above. I do understand why the hidden check box is put by the razor view engine. My question is if the value is false then the check box visible should be value="false" (unchecked).
Why it has put value="true" (checked). Same applies for the checkboxfor helper. What is wrong or could you explain how to implement this?
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marked as duplicate by Øyvind Knobloch-Bråthen, Mark, Robert Koritnik, NULL, Linger Nov 16 '12 at 14:05
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up vote 2 down vote accepted
You should consider passing the value via the model:
_USER_.CheckBoxFor(model => model.abcd)
If you need to set it to be 'false' then you can do this by setting the abcd property to false in the Controller before returning the View.
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Checkboxes don't have different checked/unchecked values, they only have a checked value. If you understand why razor outputs the hidden field then you understand this.
Imagine for a second that it did have value='false'. What would happen when you checked the checkbox? Would you expect the value to change? (hint: you shouldn't). You'd have a checked checkbox with value='false'. What does that even mean? Then, upon posting, you would post false as your value, and that would be nonsense.
So. Checkbox value attributes don't change. If you need to write code that uses the value, don't look for its value, look for whether or not it's checked.
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So if i need the checkbox to be checked and unchecked based on the true or false that we pass eg _USER_.CheckBox("abcd",false) what should i do? Since i couldnt get what i wanted from your answer. – Desmond Nov 16 '12 at 9:01
_USER_ A checkbox inputs "checked" state is a separate property from its value. Notice that if you check and un-check a textbox the value property does not change, however the browser sees whether the checkbox is checked or not and if it's checked it posts the input name/value, if it's not checked it does not post anything at all. Hence why there's automatically a 2nd hidden input field with value set to false created, so if user checks the checkbox the server will receive two key/value pairs for both inputs, true and false and it will accept true in this case, if one just false. – LaserBeak Nov 17 '12 at 6:41
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text:
Founded in 1660, the Granary is the third oldest burying ground in Boston proper. In 1737, when grain was stored where the present Park Street Church stands, the burying ground was renamed the Granary. Along with Massachussetts Governors, Clergymen, and Mayors, three signers of the Declaration of Independence, Samuel Adams, John Hancock, and Robert Treat Paine, are buried here.
Approximately 5000 people are buried at Granary even though there are only 2300 headstones. Since funerals were expensive, there would be one headstone per family. Each grave contains at least 20 bodies.
|Hours||Daily 9AM - 5PM|
|Tours||Self-Guided; or provided by the Freedom Trail Foundation|
|Notes||More Information via the Freedom Trail Foundation|
|Attribution||Content provided by the Freedom Trail Foundation|


I'm trying to use Illustrator to recreate a line graph I was given. The problem I'm having is that when I use the graph tool in Illustrator, I can't seem to find any option for increasing the number of divisions on the Y-axis.
This is the original: Line Graph with several Y-labels
And this is what I have so far in Illustrator (I haven't ungrouped it to start the actual design yet): Line graph with too few Y-labels
What I want to do is increase the number of labels on the Y-axis so that they're more similar to the original. I know I can ungroup and manually add the labels, but I'd much rather it be done procedurally to minimize human error.
 - 1
 The toon is extremely basic, it haw no way of doing this. Either use a external app or draw the labels manually. Personally i would use mathematica for this. But i can understand that most people can not afford it. Maybe you could use a script? – joojaa Apr 8 '16 at 7:28
 - yes it is possible I guess with some tricks and hacks. So please if you don't mind please upload the XLS file. I want ti give it a try. – hsawires Apr 8 '16 at 18:02
Yes –
 1. Click on the graph
 2. In the menu bar, navigate to Object \ Graph \ Type...
 3. In the window that pops up, select Value Axis in the drop-down menu
 4. In the area named Tick Values, select Override Calculated Values
 5. Manually set the number of Divisions
Note: Adjusting this setting will reset other customizations you may have made visually to your graph. It's a good idea to get the data portion right before moving on to the design.
Alt/Option click on the graph and select Type (or select the graph, then go Object → Graph → Type).
When this window opens, select the drag down menu for graph options and choose Value axis.
You can then change the range of the values and the number of divisions.
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text:
Examples Help! What is the definition of Gobbledygook?
How do you define Gobbledygook? What is a Gobbledygook? An ideal free Educational Resource for Teachers, Students, Colleges and Schools for English Grammar terminology, other parts of speech and Literary Terms. The meaning is as follows:
Definition of Gobbledygook
English Grammar Definition: A term used to describe nonsensical language which relays no intelligible meaning.
Often used to describe incomprehensible or pompous jargon used by specialists
Meaning and Definition
What is the Origin of Gobbledygook?
What is the origin of the word? The word originated in America when businessman Maury Maverick used the term In a memo banning "gobbledygook language". His inspirationwas the turkey, "always gobbledy gobbling and strutting with ludicrous pomposity. At the end of his gobble, there was a sort of gook."
A helpful educational resource for those taking an English test. An ideal free Educational Resource complete with useful examples for Teachers, Students, Colleges and Schools.
Free educational resource
Definitions, meaning and origin of words relating to English Grammar and literary terms


Oklahoma Felonious Assault Law Explained
Requires Intent to Commit Another Specific Felony
definition of felonious assault in OklahomaIn Oklahoma, felonious assault is defined as an assault with the intent to commit any felony except an assault with the intent to kill. Okla. Stat. tit. 21 § 681
Felonious assault occurs when a person commits an assault during the commission of another felony. Without specific intent to commit a specific felony, felonious assault does not occur.
A felonious assault charge is often used in the context of rape and attempted rape cases. For example, attempted rape in the first degree rape can include both the attempted rape charge and the lesser offense of felonious assault.
The penalty for felonious assault is up to five years in prison time or up to a year in jail, a fine of up to $500, or both fines and incarceration.
Oklahoma takes threats upon a person's health and safety seriously. Threats made against the health and safety of an individual, whether made during the commission of another crime or alone, can mean serious consequences in Oklahoma.
Oklahoma law has codified a web of possible assault and battery charges to ensure that when a threat is made on a person, no matter the circumstances, that the person who made the threat may be prosecuted.
Punishment for Attempt
Felonious assault can be somewhat different than attempted crimes described in the Punishment for Attempt statute. Okla. Stat. tit.21 § 42
A person cannot be convicted of attempting a crime if evidence shows they completed the crime. And failure to complete an intended crime does not absolve a person for other crimes committed during the attempt.
Even though a felonious assault fails to gain compliance of a robbery victim, the felonious assault may have been completed even though the robbery attempt failed. A person might be charged with attempted robbery or felonious assault.
The attempted crime statute states that if one attempts a crime and for whatever reason, the attempt fails, the punishment for the attempt will be:
 - half the longest term if the attempted crime, if completed has a sentence of four or more years; or
 - up to a year if the attempted crime, if completed crime has a sentence of less than four years.
For a conviction of attempted crimes, the maximum fine that may be imposed is half of the maximum which would be imposed if the crime is completed. And if the sentence for a completed crime allows for both a fine and imprisonment, both are halved. Okla. Stat. tit.21 § 42.
Attempt may be charged as a lesser included offense related to charges of a completed crime if the situation warrants it and if the prosecutor cannot prove the attempted crime was in fact perpetrated.
Planning or Threatening a Violent Act
Oklahoma defines planning or threatening a violent act as attempting or conspiring to perform a violent act involving serious bodily harm or death upon another. Okla. Stat. tit. 21 § 1378
Attempting, conspiring, or endeavoring to perform a violent act in Oklahoma is a felony punishable by up to 10 years in prison. Merely threatening the same act is a misdemeanor punishable by up to six months in county jail.
Threatening a violent act is considered a crime against public peace. A person may publicly or privately threaten a violent act without the intended victim ever knowing about the threat. Threatening a violent act differs from assault, because in assault the victim is directly threatened.
Planning a violent act, whether done alone or as part of a conspiracy, is a felony punishable by up to 10 years in prison. Planning is different than attempting a violent act in so far as a plan may be constructed without the performance of any act toward the commission of the crime.
Extortion Induced by Threats
Extortion induced by threats in Oklahoma is defined as threatening to:
 - unlawfully injure a person or property;
 - accuse a person of a crime;
 - expose a fault or disgrace; or
 - to expose another person's secret
 - as extortion to achieve an intended end by the person threatening the other.
Okla. Stat. tit. 21 § 1482
Extortion is defined as the obtaining of another's property through the wrongful use of force, fear of force, or under a cloak of an official right. Okla. Stat. tit.21 § 1481
Extortion is a felony punishable by a prison term up to five years. Attempted extortion is punishable by a jail term of up to two years. Okla. Stat. tit.21 § 1483
Simple Assault and Battery
In Oklahoma, a simple assault can be defined as an intentional attempt or threat of force or violence against another person. Okla. Stat. tit.21 § 641
In Oklahoma, a simple battery is defined as the intentional and unlawful use of force or violence against another. Okla. Stat. tit.21 § 642
So, assault is a menacing action that threatens the victim, while battery is the contact. These two crimes are often combined and charged together.
Robbery: A Crime of Threat and Fear
Robbery in Oklahoma is defined as:
 - the wrongful taking of another person's property,
 - either directly from that person's body or from their immediate surroundings,
 - against their will, and
 - through the use of force or fear.
Okla. Stat. tit. 21 § 791
The fear required may be either the fear of immediate or future injury to self, property, or family, or the fear that a companion of the robbed person will be immediately injured. Okla. Stat. tit.21 § 794
Robbery of the first degree is a felony punishable by at least 10 years in prison. Okla. Stat. tit.21 § 798
Robbery in the second degree is a felony punishable by up to 10 years in prison. Okla. Stat. tit.21 § 799
Many of statutes related to assault, use of force, and attempted crimes overlap. A matrix of similar but narrowly defined statutes allow prosecutors a lot of leeway in terms of how they want to charge a defendant.
Some of these statutes have more lenient sentencing guidelines, some more stringent. Each requires proof of particular facts to obtain a conviction. When those facts cannot be proven, the defendant must be found not guilty.
Free Consultation: Tulsa Criminal Defense Attorney
Crimes involving the threat of fear or force are severely treated in Oklahoma. If you are being charged, it is important to understand how charges may affect you and how they may overlap. Each charge requires proof of specific elements based on alleged facts.
For defense against felonious assault charges, retain a Tulsa criminal defense lawyer. Experienced Wirth Law Office criminal lawyers in Tulsa will know the court system and judges in the area. Do not delay. Your initial consultation is free.
Call _PHONE_ or submit the question form at the top right of this page.
"Make law easy!"


text:
1519.1 What does good cause mean?
"Good cause" means that you did not file the lump-sum death payment application within the time limit because of:
Circumstances beyond your control, such as extended illness, communication difficulties, etc.;
Incorrect or incomplete information given to you by us;
Your efforts to get the evidence to support the claim, not realizing you could file the application within the time limit and submit the supporting evidence later; or
Unusual or unavoidable circumstances that show that you could not reasonably be expected to have been aware of the need to file the application within a specified period.
1519.2 When is good cause NOT established?
Good cause is not established if:
You were informed that an application for the lump-sum death payment had to be filed within the initial two-year period; and
You did not file the application because of neglect, or because you did not then want to claim the lump-sum death payment.