Medical Negligence Solicitors in Derby - Medical Negligence Direct
Medical Negligence Solicitors in Derby
 If you have suffered an injury or illness due to medical negligence in Derby, then you need to talk to a medical negligence solicitor. We work with medical negligence solicitors in Derby with years of experience in the medical injury claim field. As such, they help people to obtain compensation for their injuries from medical accidents.
 We understand that suffering from an illness or injury can be daunting and life-changing. It is even more devastating when it is no fault of your own. If you have suffered injury through someone else's negligence, then we can help you receive the best possible compensation, as well as provide the support you need to rebuild your life. We have some of the best medical negligence solicitors in Derby with expert knowledge and extensive experience of obtaining positive results.
 What is Medical Negligence?
 No matter how high the standards of care and treatment in our health service, things can sometimes go wrong. Medical negligence is a situation whereby a person receives substandard treatment from medical professionals, either directly causing an injury or making an injury worse. Medical negligence can also happen if a patient has been misdiagnosed, received the wrong treatment, or suffered a mistake made in surgery.
 An action on medical negligence must be able to prove the following elements
 - The health institution owed you a duty of care as a patient.
 - The doctor or health institution acted negligently, breaching that duty of care.
 - Resultant injury to the patient as a result of the breach of duty.
 In practice, medical negligence may occur in any healthcare setting, whether it is due to negligent behaviour on the part of a surgeon, GP, dentist, nurse, clinician, or any other medical professional, environments in which medical malpractice may occur include; GP practice, NHS hospitals, private clinics, care homes, dental practice, and pharmacies. The consequences of these incidents can often have a significant impact on those affected.
 Medical Negligence Claims in Derby
 Pursuing a medical negligence claim in Derby can go a long way in ensuring you are fairly compensated for the negligent medical treatment you have received. In order for your claim to be successful, we need to prove that; the healthcare professional in question failed to adequately carry out their duties and you have suffered avoidable harm as a result of negligence.
 Medical negligence claims are usually subjected to a 3 years' time limit that starts from the moment you first knew you received medical negligent care. A different time limit applies to cases that involve children or individuals that lack the mental capacity to pursue compensation. Our team of medical negligence solicitors can advise you on the specific requirements that apply to your case.
 Suing for medical negligence can be a very daunting process and that is why we provide the best medical negligence experts in derby to ensure that your case runs as smoothly as possible. The first step is to get in touch with us, and one of our team of medical negligence solicitors can conduct a free no obligation consultation with you in Derby. They will talk with you about what happened and listen to your experience so that they see if making a claim is a good choice.
 This information that is shared is treated with privacy and would only be used only by our medical negligence solicitors dealing with your inquiry. Whether you have been hurt due to substandard care or cancer misdiagnosis, the Medical Negligence Direct is here to ensure that you are paid every penny of compensation you need to make the best recovery possible.
 Types of Medical Negligence Claims
 In Derby, our medical negligence solicitors can help whether you are claiming against the NHS or private practice. Furthermore, whether your treatment was elective or essential, you should never endure financial penalty alone simple because of someone else' mistake. We handle many different types of claims including;
 Birth Injury Compensation Claims
 Medical professionals have a duty of care in which they must take the maximum precautions and necessary action to ensure that a patient's welfare is a priority. If you or your child has been injured or harmed during childbirth due to mistakes or the negligence of a nurse, midwife, obstetrician, surgeon, consultant, or other healthcare providers, you could be entitled to make a birth injury compensation claim.
 Birth injury compensation claims usually have the benefit of funding through legal aid with parents having to pay nothing. Such claims are often high-value claims such as cerebral palsy claims, medical negligence stillbirth, or erb's palsy claims, but claims can be brought for any value. Usually they involve obtaining expert evidence from medical experts such as obstetricians, paediatricians, and neurologist and midwifes. The claim is brought by the child's litigation friend, who is usually one of the child's parents. Any settlement must be approved by a judge to ensure that the child receives the correct level of compensation.
 NHS Claims
 If a medical professional has provided substandard treatment and care to you, which has resulted in an injury or worsening of your medical condition, then, our medical negligence solicitors in Derby can help you make medical negligence compensation Claims against NHS. We can also make claims against private hospitals that have provided substandard care.
 The thought of suing the NHS can be frightening but with us, you have nothing to worry about. Claim against the NHS aims to try and put you back in the same position that you were in had the negligence not occurred. By claiming compensation for NHS clinical negligence, you may also highlight the lack of suitable medical care you received to reduce the risk of the same thing happening to someone else.
 NHS Complaints Procedures:
 If you injury occurred at an NHS hospital you have a right to request a thorough investigation of your complaint. You should also receive information about the outcome and any subsequent action the hospital may take. If your accident was a result of the unlawful treatment you can request a judicial review. It is not necessary to go through NHS formal system before you put forward a hospital injury claim. Nevertheless, it is beneficial if you do as their investigation will give a good understanding of whether your injury was due to negligence and you are therefore eligible to claim compensation.
 While making a compensation claim against the NHS complaint for negligence can help you answer and reassurance that no one needs to go through what you did, it can take several months to resolve. As there is a strict statutory limit of three years in which to submit a request for compensation that may be the time you don't want to waste. It is possible to file a complaint and begin a compensation claim simultaneously. Even if the outcome of the investigation into your complaint is that your care was negligent, the NHS complaint process cannot pay you compensation also, a successful compensation claim wills not necessarily lead to any changes in the hospital practice or discipline of the person responsible.
 Hospital Compensation Claims
 If you believe you have experienced medical negligence that could have been avoided, our panel of medical negligence solicitors in Derby could be of assistance. There is a variety of ways in which you could endure injury or harm in a hospital, and some of the causes could be as a result of the negligence of a medical professional. For example, if you have received an incorrect diagnosis or incorrect medicine for an injury or illness, it could worsen your prior condition.
 In the event this occurs, it is the prime example of neglect action, and you could be eligible for compensation. Depending on the injury or harm these wrongful actions have caused, our panel of medical negligence solicitors in Derby could assist you when claiming for compensation.
 GP Negligence Claims
 General practice claims result from medical negligence by a general practitioner (GP). Our medical negligence solicitors have successfully pursued cases against general practitioners for negligence. Many people are reluctant to sue for medical malpractice against GP through loyalty or concern over future treatment. But the impact of GP negligence and the need for care and financial assistance can be similar to hospital negligence.
 GP Negligence Claims include:
 - Failure to investigate symptoms
 - Failure to refer to a specialist
 - Failure to act on test results
 - Poor record-keeping
 - Inappropriate prescribing of drugs or failure to review medication.
 - Failure to attend a home visit.
 Surgeon Negligence Claims
 Surgical negligence happens when surgeons or other medical professionals make mistakes during your operation leaving you with further problems or injuries. Your surgery and care should meet certain standards, but sometimes mistakes are made.
 If you are wondering whether you can make an unnecessary surgery compensation claim, the simple answer is yes. In a situation where the surgeon or medical professional performed the wrong operation or operated on the wrong body part, you could be eligible to seek unnecessary surgery compensation.
 Cauda Equina Claims
 Cauda Equina syndrome is a serious condition that results in permanent paralysis if not treated promptly and correctly. It is a rare condition that occurs when nerves in the lower spine become compressed and start to swell. As it is a rare condition, it can be difficult to spot. Surgery is needed to treat the condition as soon as possible; otherwise, the consequences could be as severe as permanent paralysis.
 Cauda equina syndrome can be very devastating as it affects the quality of life. It may lead to series of problems like bowel and sexual dysfunction as well as permanent loss of bladder, and the resulting neurological pain that cause patients their relationships. If you have suffered a medical negligence delay in treatment or an inaccurate diagnosis for it, you may be entitled to make a compensation claim. Our cauda equine solicitors can help you secure the compensation you deserve.
 No Win No Fee Medical Negligence Solicitors in Derby
 Our medical negligence solicitors in Derby will advise, support and represent you to the best


What is the origin of the name "Harrison"?
According to Think Baby Names, Harrison is a masculine name of Old English origin. The Baby Name Wizard says this name was originally used as a surname in the Middle Ages. The name means "son of Henry" or "son of Harry."
According to Think Baby Names, Harrison is a popular boy's name. It ranked 568th out of 1,220 masculine names based on the 2000 U.S. Census data. It is also a popular last name, ranking 115th out of 88,799 surnames.
Think Baby Names lists Harris and Harrisson as two possible variants of Harrison. Some popular people named Harrison are actor Harrison Ford and astronaut Harrison Schmitt.
Q&A Related to "What is the origin of the name "Harrison"?"
george harrison: English rock star
What is definition of time management, and why does it matter? Does it seem that your life is running faster and faster? Are responsibilities at work, school or home driving you to
George Harrison was born February 25, so he is a pisces! I <3 George Harrison!
Arthur. Except in later years when he called it "Cyril" True!
1 Additional Answer
Ask.com Answer for: what is the definition of harrison
American political leader (father of William Henry Harrison).
twenty-third president of the U.S. 1889–93 (grandson of William Henry Harrison).
English singer and songwriter: lead guitarist for the Beatles.
English architect in the U.S.
English stage and film actor.
More Definitions
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Source: Dictionary.com


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I'm trying to build a simple Scapy script which manually manages 3-way-handshake, makes an HTTP GET request (by sending a single packet) to a web server and manually manages response packets (I need to manually send ACK packets for the response).
Here is the beginning of the script:
import logging
# Import scapy
from scapy.all import *
# beginning of 3-way-handshake
TCP_SYN=TCP(sport=1500, dport=80, flags="S", seq=100, options=[('NOP', None), ('MSS', 1448)])
my_ack = TCP_SYNACK.seq + 1
TCP_ACK=TCP(sport=1500, dport=80, flags="A", seq=101, ack=my_ack)
TCP_PUSH=TCP(sport=1500, dport=80, flags="PA", seq=102, ack=my_ack)
# end of 3-way-handshake
# beginning of GET request
getString = 'GET / HTTP/1.1\r\n\r\n'
request = ip / TCP(dport=80, sport=1500, seq=103, ack=my_ack + 1, flags='A') / getString
# help needed from here...
The script above completes the 3-way-handshake and prepares the HTTP GET request.
Then, I've to send the request through:
Now, after the sending, I should obtain/manually read the response.
My purpose is indeed to read the response by manually sending the ACK packets of the response (this is the main focus of the script).
How can I do that?
Is the send(_) function appropriate, or it's better to use something like response = sr1(request) (but in this case, I suppose ACK are automatically sent)?
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2 Answers
Use sr(), read the data in from every ans that is received (you'll need to parse, as you go, the Content-Length or the chunk lengths depending on whether you're using transfer chunking) then send ACKs in response to the last element in the ans list, then repeat until the end criteria is satisfied (don't forget to include a global timeout, I use eight passes without getting any replies which is 2 seconds).
Make sure sr is sr(req, multi=True, timeout=0.25) or thereabouts. Occasionally as you loop around there will be periods where no packets turn up, that's why HTTP has all those length specs. If the timeout is too high then you might find the server gets impatient waiting for the ACKs and starts re-sending.
Note that when you're using transfer chunking you can also attempt to cheat and just read the 0\r\n\r\n but then if that's genuinely in the data stream... yeah. Don't rely on the TCP PSH, however tempting that may look after a few Wireshark sessions with trivial use-cases.
Obviously the end result isn't a completely viable user-agent, but it's close enough for most purposes. Don't forget to send Keep-Alive headers, RST on exceptions and politely close down the TCP session if everything works.
Remember that RFC 2616 isn't 176 pages long just for giggles.
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Did you try:
responce = sr1(request)
print responce.show2
Also try using a different sniffer like wireshark or tcpdump as netcat has a few bugs.
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Your Answer


Change scan and pattern size
Patterns in an EBSD or EBSDMasterPattern signal s are stored in the attribute as either numpy.ndarray or dask.array.Array. HyperSpy's user guide explains how to access, i.e. index, the data. This section details example uses of scan and pattern indexing specific to EBSD and EBSDMasterPattern objects.
Crop a scan or pattern
A new EBSD or EBSDMasterPattern signal s2 can be created from a region of interest in another EBSD or EBSDMasterPattern signal s by using HyperSpy's navigation indexing method inav. The new signal keeps the metadata and original_metadata of s. Say we, after plotting and inspecting the an EBSD scan, want to create a new, smaller scan of the patterns within a rectangle defined by the upper left pattern with index (53, 82) and the bottom right pattern with index (74, 105):
>>> s
>>> s2 = s.inav[53:74, 82:105]
>>> s2
Or, we want a new EBSDMasterPattern signal with only the 20 keV beam energy:
>>> s
>>> s.axes_manager["energy"].axis
array([10., 11., 12., 13., 14., 15., 16., 17., 18., 19., 20.])
>>> s2 = s.inav[-1]
>>> s2
Patterns can also be cropped with the signal indexing method isig. Say we wanted to remove the ten outermost pixels in our (60 x 60) pixel patterns:
>>> s3 = s.isig[10:50, 10:50]
>>> s3
The same pattern in scan s before cropping (left) and in scan s3 after cropping (right).
A new EBSD scan with patterns binned e.g. by 2 can be obtained using the rebin() method provided by HyperSpy, explained further in their user guide, by passing in either the scale or new_shape parameter:
>>> print(s,
>>> s3 = s.rebin(scale=(1, 1, 2, 2))
>>> print(s3,
 uint64
Note that rebin() casts the data to uint64. This means that in this example, each pixel in the binned scan s3 takes up eight times the memory size of pixels in the original scan s. If you want, you can rescale the intensities to e.g. the uint8 data type range.
This also works for EBSDMasterPattern signals.


text:
instead initiated internally.
The method number, in this case method=128, indicates which LDAPv3 bind method was used by the client. There are three possible bind method values:
0 = no authentication
128 = simple bind with user password
sasl= SASL bind using external authentication mechanism
The version number, in this case version=3, indicates the LDAP version number (either LDAPv2 or LDAPv3) that the LDAP client used to communicate with the LDAP server.
The error number, in this case err=0, provides the LDAP result code returned from the LDAP operation performed. The LDAP error number 0 means that the operation was successful. For a more comprehensive list of LDAP result codes see "LDAP Result Codes".
The tag number, in this case tag=97, indicates the type of result returned, which is almost always a reflection of the type of operation performed. The tags used are the BER tags from the LDAP protocol. Commonly used tags include:
tag=97 for a result from a client bind operation
tag=100 indicates the actual entry for which you were searching
tag=101 for a result from a search operation
tag=103 for a result from a modify operation
tag=105 for a result from an add operation
tag=107 for a result from a delete operation
tag=109 for a result from a moddn operation
tag=111 for a result from a compare operation
tag=115 indicates a search reference when the entry you perform your search on holds a referral to the entry you require. Search references are expressed in terms of a referral.
tag=120 for a result from an extended operation
tag=100 and tag=115 are not result tags as such. It is unlikely that you will see them in your access log.
Number of Entries
The number of entries, in this case nentries=0, indicates the number of entries that were found matching the LDAP client's request.
Elapsed time, in this case etime=1000, indicates the amount of time (in seconds) that it took Directory Server to perform the LDAP operation. An etime value of 0 means that the operation actually took milliseconds to perform. If you want to have microsecond resolution for this item in the access log, enter a value of 131328 (256+131072) in the nsslapd-accesslog-level configuration attribute.
LDAP Request Type
The LDAP request type indicates the type of LDAP request being issued by the LDAP client. Possible values are:
LDAP Response Type
The LDAP response type indicates the LDAP response being issued by the LDAP client. Possible values are:
REFERRAL=referral or search reference
Unindexed Search Indicator
The unindexed search indicator, notes=U, indicates that the search performed was unindexed, which means that the database itself had to be directly searched instead of the index file. Unindexed searches occur either when the All IDs Threshold was reached within the index file used for the search, when no index file existed, or when the index file was not configured in the way required by the search.
An unindexed search indicator is often accompanied by a large etime value, as unindexed searches are generally more time consuming.
Extended Operation OID
An extended operation OID, in this case either EXT oid="2.16.840._PHONE_.108.40.206" or EXT oid="2.16.840._PHONE_.127.116.11", provides the OID of the extended operation being performed. Table 8-1 provides the list of the LDAPv3 extended operations that are supported by Sun ONE Directory Server 5.2, and their OIDs.
Table 8-1 LDAPv3 Extended Operations Supported by Sun ONE Directory Server 5.2
Extended Operation Name
Sun ONE Directory Server 5.x Start Replication Request
Sent by a replication initiator to indicate that a replication session is requested.
Sun ONE Directory Server 5.x Replication Response
Sent by a replication responder in response to a Start Replication Request Extended Operation or an End Replication Request Extended Operation.
Sun ONE Directory Server 5.x End Replication Request
Sent to indicate that a replication session is to be terminated.
Sun ONE Directory Server 5.x Replication Entry Request
Carries an entry, along with its state information (csn and UniqueIdentifier), and is used to perform a replica initialization.
Sun ONE Directory Server 5.x Bulk Import Start
Sent by the client to request a bulk import together with the suffix being imported to and sent by the server to indicate that the bulk import may begin.
Sun ONE Directory Server 5.x Bulk Import Finished
Sent by the client to signal the end of a bulk import and sent by the server to acknowledge it.
Change Sequence Number
The change sequence number, in this case csn=3b4c8cfb000000030000, is the replication change sequence number, indicating that replication is enabled on this particular naming context.
The abandon message, in this case, [06/Aug/2002:11:39:52 -0700] conn=12 op=2 ABANDON targetop=1 msgid=2 nentries=0 etime=0, indicates that an operation has been aborted, where nentries=0 indicates the number of entries sent before the operation was aborted, etime=0 indicates how much time (in seconds) had elapsed, and targetop=1 corresponds to an operation value from a previously initiated operation (that appears earlier in the access log).
There are two possible log ABANDON messages depending on whether the message ID succeeds in locating which operation was to be aborted or not. If the message ID succeeds in locating the operation (the targetop) then the log will read as above. However, if the message ID does not succeed in locating the operation or if the operation had already finished prior to the ABANDON request being sent, then the log will read as follows:
[06/Aug/2002:11:39:52 -0700] conn=12 op=2 ABANDON targetop=NOTFOUND msgid=2
where targetop=NOTFOUND indicates that the operation to be aborted was either an unknown operation or already complete.
The message ID, in this case msgid=2, is the LDAP operation identifier, as generated by the LDAP SDK client. The message ID may have a different value to the Sun ONE Directory Server Operation Number, but identifies the same operation. The message ID is used in the context of an ABANDON operation and tells the user which client operation is being abandoned.
The Sun ONE Directory Server operation number starts counting at 0. In the majority of LDAP SDK/client implementations the message ID number starts counting at 1. This explains why the message ID is frequently equal to the Sun ONE Directory Server operation number plus 1.
SASL Multi-Stage Bind Logging
Sun ONE Directory Server 5.2 logging for multi-stage binds is now more explicit. Each stage in the bind process is logged and, where appropriate, the progress statement SASL bind in progress is included.
The authenticated DN (the DN used for access control decisions) is logged in the BIND result line and not in the bind request line:[06/Aug/2002:11:39:55 -0700] conn=14 op=1 RESULT err=0 tag=97 nentries=0 etime=0 dn="uid=coulbeck,dc=example,dc=com"
For SASL binds, the DN value displayed in the BIND request line is not used by the server and is, therefore, not relevant. However, given that the authenticated DN is the DN which, for SASL binds, must be used for audit purposes, it is essential that this be clearly logged. Having this authenticated DN logged in the BIND result line avoids any confusion as to which DN is which.
Access Log Content for Additional Access Logging Levels
This section presents the additional access logging levels available in the Sun ONE Directory Server 5.2 access log.
In Code Example 8-2, access logging level 512, which logs access to entries and referrals, is enabled. In this extract, 6 entries and 1 referral are returned in response to the search request in bold.
Code Example 8-2 Access Log Extract with Entry Access and Referral Logging Level (Level 512)
[06/Aug/2002:16:43:02 +0200] conn=306 op=0 ENTRY dn="ou=Special Users,dc=example,dc=com"
[06/Aug/2002:16:43:02 +0200] conn=306 op=0 ENTRY dn="cn=Accounting Managers,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com"
[06/Aug/2002:16:43:02 +0200] conn=306 op=0 ENTRY dn="cn=HR Managers,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com"
[06/Aug/2002:16:43:02 +0200] conn=306 op=0 ENTRY dn="cn=QA Managers,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com"
In Code Example 8-3, access logging level 4, which logs internal operations, is enabled.
Code Example 8-3 Access Log Extract with Internal Access Operations Level (Level 4)
[06/Aug/2002:16:45:46 +0200] conn=Internal op=-1 SRCH base="cn=\22dc=example,dc=com\22,cn=mapping tree,cn=config"scope=0 filter="objectclass=nsMappingTree"attrs="nsslapd-referral" options=persistent
06/Aug/2002:16:45

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Archived Post
Apple purportedly wants 'folded cameras' with periscope lenses in future iPhones
Apple has begun looking for suppliers of "folded cameras" in order to strengthen the optical zoom feature of its iPhones, according to Korea IT News
A folded camera refracts light like a periscope and has lenses and sensors placed horizontally and not vertically. Korea IT News says that Apple plans to introduce triple cameras to its smartphone line. If a smartphone has a such a lens, it can provide a hybrid zoom range of 10X or even higher depending on the tunnel length and lens element arrangement.
Periscope lenses allow for greater optical zoom by bouncing light inside the phone off a mirror before passing it through another smaller lens which can be moved closer and further away from the sensor, amplifying the light even more.
Apple has been granted for periscope lens over the years. For example, in 2015, it was granted a parent for "Mirror Tilt Actuation" (pictured above) for an assembly the includes a folded optics arrangement such that light enters the lens and mirror assembly through a first lens with an optical axis of the first lens orthogonal to the plurality of moveable lens elements.
And last year the US Patent and Trademark Office granted Apple two patents for a periscope camera lens. The first was a "folded lens system with five refractive lenses" and the second patent was for "three refractive lenses."
Dennis Sellers
the authorDennis Sellers


text:
EZ-Spin: Calming WheelsCD146030
Foster the home-to-school connection with EZ-Spin™: Calming Wheels. This pack features 18 two-piece wheels, each measuring 5.25" x 5.25", and includes 6 each of 3 social and emotional categories: Staying in Control, Calming Strategies, and Managing Moods. The EZ-Spin™: Calming Wheels are great for providing a fun way for students to manage their emotions.
Hands-on manipulatives keep students engaged while learning important concepts. EZ-Spin™ wheels can be used during whole-class instruction, independent practice, and small-group instruction.


Volume 14, Issue 2
 - ISSN 0929-9971
 - E-ISSN: _PHONE_
Buy:$35.00 + Taxes
Terminology as a set of concept carriers crystallizes our special knowledge about a subject. Automatic term recognition (ATR) plays a critical role in the processing and management of various kinds of information, knowledge and documents, e.g., knowledge acquisition via text mining. Measuring termhood properly is one of the core issues involved in ATR. This article presents a novel approach to termhood measurement for mono-word terms via corpus comparison, which quantifies the termhood of a term candidate as its rank difference in a domain and a background corpus. Our ATR experiments to identify legal terms in Hong Kong (HK) legal texts with the British National Corpus (BNC) as background corpus provide evidence to confirm the validity and effectiveness of this approach. Without any prior knowledge and ad hoc heuristics, it achieves a precision of 97.0% on the top 1000 candidates and a precision of 96.1% on the top 10% candidates that are most highly ranked by the termhood measure, illustrating a state-of-the-art performance on mono-word ATR in the field.
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Cuda E with RC drivetrain
RC E-Bike Drivetrain tutorial
By Warren Beauchamp
RC based e-bike drives trains can be extremely efficient, high powered, and deliver a lot of bang for the buck. Because the RC industry is well established there are a wide range of vendors of products and they enjoy a reasonable price due to the high volumes of production. These systems are not designed for e-bike use, but can be readily adapted.
Note that building an RC e-bike drive train requires basic electronics and mechanical skills and use of a soldering iron. It also involves batteries with extremely high power density. The batteries used are very sensitive to over and under charging, and if damaged can catch fire in a spectacular manner. Also, these types of systems are not good for people looking for an e-bike appliance. These are more for someone looking for an e-bike hotrod.
Basic parts needed to build an RC drivetrain are an RC motor, ESC, servo tester, BEC, throttle, LiPo battery pack, and a gear system to reduce the motor RPM to bike wheel speeds.
Basic Terms
 - RC (radio controlled) - General term for products designed for the RC industry.
 - AC (alternating current) - as opposed to DC (direct current), AC voltage varies up and down around a zero point.
 - V (volts) - Generally the higher the voltage that faster you go. Sort of like how fast water flows through a hose.
 - A (amps) - This is current. Generally the more current you have, the faster you get to the top speed. 1000 milliamps (MA) = 1A
 - W (watts) - This is volts times amps. Usually used to show total power used. 1 kilowatt (KW) = 1000 watts. V * A = W
 - Controller - A device that controls the motor. Simplistically, it takes power from the battery and a signal from the throttle and used that to control how much power is sent to the motor.
RC Motor information
Motor Wiring
Builders of 3 phase brushless RC Motors Motor drivetrains have to pay attention to the motor wiring. RC motors have 6 power wires coming out of them, one set of wires for each group of windings.
These need to be arranged one of two ways, "Delta" or "Wye". Generally Wye (also called "star") is more efficient. Wye has 1.73 times less KV than Delta (slower speed per volts), but 1.73 times more torque. In general it's a good idea to stick with Wye configuration for electric bikes as e-bikes need slower motor speed, higher torque, and high efficiency.
For Wye configuration, the 3 positive wires are tied together, and the 3 negative wires go to the controller. These 3 negative wires are the phase wires, just like in a hub motor.
For Delta, the positive from one set of windings is connected to the negative of the next set. Each connection of positive and negative makes up one phase.
In both configurations, if you connect the ESC to the motor and it spins the wrong way, just reverse two of the phase wires from the ESC.
KV - RC Motors are AC brushless motors and are rated by their KV. KV is the relationship between voltage and motor speed (rpms per volt. Multiply the motor KV times the battery voltage to find the maximum motor RPM. For instance a motor with a KV of 100 would run unloaded at 5000 RPMs at 50V. Note that RPM with the motor under load is around 70% of the unloaded value. This means that the actual max motor speed while being used is about KV * V * 0.7
Windings - One of the main things that controls the KV of a motor is how the copper electro-magnets are wound. For example a 6 x 10 motor has 10 turns of wire on each pole, and 6 wires wound together in parallel onto each pole. A higher number of turns on each pole of the motor means a lower KV, lower RPM, and lower top speed. A lower number of turns on each pole of the motor means a higher KV, higher RPM and higher top speed.
Hall Sensors - Most e-bike specific motors use hall sensors. These are used to tell the controller what position the motor is in, so it knows when to send a pulse to the electro-magnets. RC Motors do not have any hall sensors, so at low RPM they can lose sync easily. Generally with RC bike systems you should pedal to at least 5MPH before the applying the throttle to avoid this issue. It is possible to retrofit hall sensors to RC motors but that will not be discussed here.
RC Motor Sync - For e-bike use, Inexpensive ECSs like Turnigy controllers can lose sync when accelerating under high load, at very low RPM, or at very high RPM. The loss of sync at high RPM sounds like the motor is screeching, and is accompanied by a loss of power. At low RPM it sounds like the motor is stuttering. This should be avoided as it stresses the controller. The Motor itself is also important. To help prevent the loss of sync a high quality motor like Plettenberg or AstroFlight is recommended.
Choosing an RC motor
There are several parameters to look at when choosing an RC motor for your e-bike application. The first is, inrunner or outrunner? With inrunner motors the shaft rotates. This is good for driving chains or belts. With outrunner motors the outside shell rotates. This is good for direct friction to tire drive applications.
Typical E-bike RC motors run at 8,000 to 12,000 RPM with no load. In general this means with a 50V battery pack you will want a KV of 225 or lower. With a motor like this you can use a simple 2 stage gear reduction. You will need to pick a motor that works with the reduction gearing you are using to deliver your chosen top speed at maximum RPM. Higher motor speeds can be used, but the speed reduction gearing becomes complex. RC e-bikers have used motors with much higher RPM with complex multi-stage or planetary gearing like the Neugart PLE units. The advantage of this is that the bike has much better low end torque.
The Astroflight 8120-5T is a 225KV motor. 5T refers to five of turns per coil in the motor. This motor when run at 48V and using a 14:1 gear reduction with a 20" wheel give a top speed of about 30MPH. Because the RC motor doesn't have hall sensors, it is a "pedal first" system. This means you will need to pedal up to about 5 MPH to allow the motor to get to a high enough RPM to sync properly at a high load. After that, whoosh!
Here's an RC Drive Calculator to help you figure out how the tire size, motor KV, battery voltage, and gearing all interact to give you a top speed.
Next you will need to determine how much power you need. RC motors are rated in watts. It takes around 2000 watts (2KW) to get up hills at a decent speed and to go over 20 MPH into a stiff headwind, so that should be the minimum to consider. Anything over 5000 watts is a monster motor and will require a very powerful battery and stronger than standard bicycle drivetrain components. Note that 750 watts is one horsepower.
Electronic Speed Controller (ESC)
RC Motors controllers (ESCs) are very small and light compared to traditional e-bike controllers, they are also smarter. This is nice because they are small and lightweight, but it's bad because they do not have the ability to shed heat as easily.
The RC controller (ESC) has to figure out the correct timing synchronization for each throttle position and load condition using EMF (electro motive force) feedback. Some RC controllers are better at this than others. Castle Creations controllers are an example of a good controller. Cheaper controllers like Turnigy work fine for aircraft use, as the low RPM / High load conditions of the aircraft environment are not nearly as rigorous as those in an electric bike.
Castle Creations controllers are programmable via USB. You'll need the Castle Creations USB adaptor to connect your PC to it. This will also allow you to download the logged data so you can see pretty graphs of your motor use. Click here for some suggested settings when using the HV160 with the Astro Flight 3210 motor.
RC Controllers are generally do not support voltages higher than 50V (12 LiPo cells in series). The ESCs have heavy power wires going in and three heavy phase wires going out. They also have 3 smaller wires that connect to the throttle circuitry (servo tester).
Note that the ESC throttle wire colors in the schematic above may not match those on your ESC and servo tester, and the little plug can be plugged in two ways. In general, red goes to red and black goes to brown and if you get those right the other one will be right too..
Throttle Electronics
The Throttle for an RC motor is more difficult than a traditional e-bike system because RC ESCs are designed to be throttled by signals from a radio receiver. To make is work with a resistive e-bike throttle you need a "servo tester" and a "battery elimination circuit" (BEC). The BEC converts the 48V from the battery to 5V for the servo tester.


text:
Date of this Version
Published in Chem. Eng. Technol. (2011) 34:12, 1989–1996. DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201100353
Sugarcane bagasse was partially acetylated to enhance its oil-wicking ability in saturated environments while holding moisture for hydrocarbon biodegradation. The water sorption capacity of raw bagasse was reduced fourfold after treatment, which indicated considerably increased hydrophobicity but not a limited capability to hold moisture for hydrocarbon biodegradation. Characterization results by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and surface area analyzer suggested that treated bagasse exhibited enhanced hydrophobicity and surface area. Oil wicking test results indicate that treated bagasse is more effective in wicking oil from highly saturated environments than raw bagasse and suggest that application of this material in remediation of oil spills in highly saturated wetlands is promising.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


How Many Hz Are In A Meter?
How do you calculate Hz?
Frequency is expressed in Hz (Frequency = cycles/seconds).
To calculate the time interval of a known frequency, simply divide 1 by the frequency (e.g.
a frequency of 100 Hz has a time interval of 1/(100 Hz) = 0.01 seconds; 500 Hz = 1/(500Hz) = 0.002 seconds, etc.).
Is Hertz meters per second?
property>frequency The SI unit for frequency is the hertz (Hz), which is equal to 1/s, or once per second.
What is the wavelength of 10 Hz?
RegionWavelengthFrequencyVisible (red)700 nm4.3 × 1014 HzInfrared10000 nm3 × 1013 HzMicrowave1 cm30 GHzMicrowave/Radio10 cm3GHz9 more rows
How many cycles per second is GHz?
Please share if you found this tool useful:Conversions Table1 Gigahertz to Cycles Per Second = 100000000070 Gigahertz to Cycles Per Second = 700000000002 Gigahertz to Cycles Per Second = 200000000080 Gigahertz to Cycles Per Second = 8000000000013 more rows
How do you convert Hz to meters?
f = c / λ = wave speed c (m/s) / wavelength λ (m). The formula for time is: T (period) = 1 / f (frequency). λ = c / f = wave speed c (m/s) / frequency f (Hz). The unit hertz (Hz) was once called cps = cycles per second….How do you convert Hz to meters?Hertz [Hz]Wavelength In Metres [m]1 Hz299792458 m2 Hz149896229 m2 more rows•Feb 21, 2020
How long is a 100 Hz wavelength?
4 metersA 100-Hz sound wave has a wavelength of 4 meters.
What is Hertz equal to?
Frequency is the rate at which current changes direction per second. It is measured in hertz (Hz), an international unit of measure where 1 hertz is equal to 1 cycle per second. Hertz (Hz) = One hertz is equal to one cycle per second. Cycle = One complete wave of alternating current or voltage.
What is the wavelength of 500 Hz?
23. (b) The wavelength of a 500-Hz tone in air is l = (345 m/s)/(500 s-1) = 0.69 m.
How many seconds are in a Hz?
Convert Cycles Per Second to Hertz A period of 1 second is equal to 1 Hertz frequency. Period is the inverse of frequency: 1 Hz = 1 cps. 1 Hertz: Hertz is the SI base unit of frequency defined as one cycle per second.
How fast is 1 Hz?
One hertz simply means "one cycle per second" (typically that which is being counted is a complete cycle); 100 Hz means "one hundred cycles per second", and so on. The unit may be applied to any periodic event—for example, a clock might be said to tick at 1 Hz, or a human heart might be said to beat at 1.2 Hz.
What is the wavelength of 60 Hz?
In comparison, a power frequency field at 60 Hz has a wavelength of more than 3000 miles – about the distance from Los Angeles to New York!
How long is a 40 Hz wave?
around 28 feetwavelength can be found by dividing the speed of sound in feet which is 1,130 feet / second by the frequency we need to find the length of. Dividing 1,130 by 40 produces a quotient of around 28 feet. Therefore, a 40 Hz. wave is 28 feet long.
What does a frequency of 10 Hz equal?
Metaphorically speaking, 10 Hz is the natural idle speed of the brain's "engine" at rest, and lower speeds lead to "sputtering" in sensorimotor function (since sensorimotor stimuli cannot facilitate perceptual processing optimally at frequencies <10 hz).
Is Hertz same as FPS?
What are the three units of frequency?
Given this definition, it is reasonable that the quantity frequency would have units of cycles/second, waves/second, vibrations/second, or something/second. Another unit for frequency is the Hertz (abbreviated Hz) where 1 Hz is equivalent to 1 cycle/second.
Is 60hz good for gaming?
What is the wavelength of 1 Hz?
For sound waves in air, the speed of sound is 343 m/s. The wavelength of a tuning fork (440 Hz) is thus equal to approximately 0.78 m. In SI units, the unit of frequency is the hertz (Hz). 1 Hz means that an event repeats once every second.


text:
FAQ about stonewool
- Does stone wool remain disease-free during cultivation?
- What is stone wool?
- How is stone wool made?
- People often mention capillary action capacity. What does that mean?
- What do growers gain from the "controllability of the substrate"?
- Why is a water buffer important in the cultivation system?
- Why is full rooting important?
- Are slabs with a high capillary action capacity too wet for Winter cultivation?
- How do I determine the moisture content?
Does stone wool remain disease-free during cultivation?
Stone wool arrives at the greenhouse disease-free. Whether soil diseases are able to penetrate is dependent on the level of hygiene within the company. Naturally, the plant material must also be absolutely disease-free. The careful setting up of the system, the use of ground sheets and properly packaged slabs will limit the risks still further. Should any problems nevertheless arise, they are then relatively simple to resolve. That is the advantage of the small root volume.
What is stone wool?
Stone wool is a mineral wool made of volcanic rock. Stone wool consists of 5% solid material in the form of stone fibres. The remaining 95% is made up of pores.
How is stone wool made?
The basic materials for Grodan stone wool are Basalt and Limestone. These are melted to form lava in an oven with a temperature of 1,500°C. The lava is then poured over a number of fast-rotating discs. Thanks to the centrifugal force, the drops fly off the discs and lengthen to form fibres. The process can be compared with candy floss being made at a fair. The fibres are then compressed to form a sturdy mass, from which the slabs and blocks are then cut.
People often mention capillary action capacity. What does that mean?
Stone wool slabs not only need to absorb sufficient moisture but also need to distribute it over the entire volume of the slab. Grodan stone wool has been specially developed to satisfy these requirements. If the moisture were to sink to the bottom straight away, there would be dry or salty spots in the slab.
The roots would not thrive in such an environment, so the "rootable" volume would be reduced. A good "capillary action capacity" (water distribution) ensures that the entire slab volume can be controlled and thus also fully rooted.
What do growers gain from the "controllability of the substrate"?
With a controllable substrate, the crop has access to whatever it needs at that moment. The plant will therefore respond optimally and thus also be more productive. With Grodan stone wool substrate, the slab volume can be controlled right down to every little corner of the slab volume. Comparable results may be possible with other substrates, but would require around 10 to 15% more water and nutrients.
Why is a water buffer important in the cultivation system?
In the first instance, the water buffer must be able to cushion a temporary disturbance in the nutrient unit. A substrate with a lower "capillary action capacity" is more susceptible to drying out. In addition, the shocks in EC, pH and temperature in a substrate with good capillary action and with a water buffer are less extreme.
Savings in terms of water and nutrients thanks to the controllability of stone wool substrate are of course also important if recirculation is to be applied. With a water buffer, there are far fewer cubic meters of water to be disinfected, so the disinfection costs per square metre are lower.
Why is full rooting important?
Compared with soil, substrate slabs have a smaller volume. However, it is important that that volume can be used fully by the roots. After all, if the weather suddenly changes, a plant needs all its roots in order to be able to cope with the extra transpiration. If the substrate is not fully accessible for root development, there will be risks in the event of changes in the weather leading to a significant difference in evaporation.
Are slabs with a high capillary action capacity too wet for Winter cultivation?
No, since the moisture content of a slab is determined by the evaporation and the watering. Not using trickle irrigation and allowing extreme transpiration in the plant (hot pipes) will automatically lead to the slab drying out.
In other words: the moisture content in the slab is controllable. In principle, we strive for a lower moisture content in the winter. We can achieve this by allowing the crop to transpire sufficiently (minimum pipe temperature, fast ventilation) and through holding long pauses in between the watering sessions.
How do I determine the moisture content?
The water content in the stone wool slab can be assessed with the aid of the Grodan water content meter (WCM). This indicates the current water content of the slabs precisely so that the water content variations can be closely controlled. The WCM also measures the EC and the temperature of the stone wool slab.


From Dwarf Fortress Wiki
(Redirected from Manager)
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This article is about the current version of DF.
Room requirements
Office Meager Office
Quarters None
Dining room None
Tomb None
Furniture requirements
Chests None
Cabinets None
Weapon racks None
Armor stands None
Mandates None
Demands None
Arrival conditions
Appointed on the nobles screen.
 - Allows large production orders.
 - Allows workshop profiles to be set.
The manager is a noble that allows players to create multiple production orders, and also lets them set up profiles for workshops. This means that players can rapidly dispatch any number of jobs from a single screen, without having to add tasks to individual workshops.
Relevant Skills[edit]
A certain set of skills are relevant for any manager. Furthermore, certain personality traits influence whether any experience is gained in the skill. There are soul attributes that affect the skills, and other skills that affect the same attribute's cross-training. The ones relevant for a manager are as follows:
Skill (relevant for manager) Personality Trait (needed to gain social skill) Attribute (affected by social skill)
Body Soul
Administrator Organizer Analytical ability
Social awareness
Social - Other Consoler Straightforwardness (Honesty) > 39 Linguistic ability
Social awareness
Pacifier Cooperation (Compromising) > 39 Linguistic ability
Social awareness
The better match with the skills, traits and attributes in the table above, the better of a manager a dwarf will be. Try to avoid traits that halt experience gain for a relevant skill, otherwise time will be lost training a dwarf who will never get better at that skill.
A manager only performs his duties in his office, so it is absolutely necessary to assign one. Since only a meager office is required, a single chair in the dining room will suffice.
 1. Hit n to enter the Nobles screen
 3. Build a chair somewhere or locate an existing chair.
At this point the red [REQUIRE] under "Manager" should have disappeared from the nobles screen and you should be able to queue up work orders.
It is trivially easy for a manager to get experience in the organizer skill. Just queue a lot of jobs to produce 30 of something, such as Collect Webs, which appears first on the list. The manager will gain experience when validating the order, not when the order is finished. You can cancel the order after it is validated if you wish.
Work orders[edit]
Creating a work order works like this:
 2. Press q to create a new work order
 4. Use the directional keys to select the specific type of item you want.
 5. Enter the quantity of items you want to produce (0 for a perpetual order).
 6. Your work order will appear in the list.
If there are at least 20 dwarves total then the manager will need to go to his office to "validate" each work order before it is acted on. If a manager is somehow occupied with other things then this might take a while, so in larger forts you might want to make sure your manager is not overly burdened with other labors. (For example, disabling hauling and cleaning for the manager might be a good idea.) The manager will also not perform his or her duties if socializing, drinking, eating, asleep or otherwise incapacitated (perhaps due to wounds). Managers don't require writing materials such as paper or scrolls to validate production orders.
To see if an order is validated, check the manager screen — validated orders will have a green checkmark, while invalidated orders will have a red X. Job orders will remain enqueued until the manager is once again in his (or her) office. An order can have the prefix of 'Ready', 'Checking' or 'Active'. A 'Ready' order only needs to be validated by the manager to become 'Active'. A 'Checking' order is waiting for its conditions to be satisfied: it will then become 'Active'.
An order can be set as a One-time order, or as a Repeating order that can restart when completed (conditions checked daily, monthly, seasonally or yearly), in the conditions menu.
You can edit the order in several ways: You can remove it, raise its priority, make it max (top) priority, change its conditions or details, or Enter limit the amount of workshops the order can be assigned to.
Conditions can be added to a work order by pressing c, and can either be based on the amount of an item in your fortress, or can depend on a currently ongoing work order.
Item conditions: To make life easier you can add item conditions from either the reagents/materials or products, or you can even add a new item condition yourself. When an item condition is selected, the following can be changed: The type (cabinets, bins etc.), material (obsidian, Acacia etc.), the traits (food-storage items, nearby items, empty items etc.), the number of the items (though this does not count items that are forbidden, built into something, or owned) and the inequality, at least (>=), less than(<), at most(<=), greater than(>), exactly(==), not(!=)).
Some useful item conditions are tricky to specify:
 - "refined coal" is just simply item=bar material=coal,
 - specific flour is item=powder, material=required flour name (not the plant name), trait=cookable
 - specific alcohol is item=drink, material="alcohol name" (not the plant name)
 - the trait "lye-containing item" (not to be mistaken with "lye-bearing item") is only available for "make soap" job,
 - item=liquid material=lye ignores lye in buckets,
 - the "unused" trait cannot be chosen manually, only reagents/materials key sets it for "make clothing" type of jobs.
Order conditions: The condition can depend on another order being completed, or another order becoming active.
The details of an order specify the type of material used in the making of the item (if applicable). Setting the max number of workshops that the order applies to can be especially useful to ensure that multiple orders for the same type of workshop (e.g. a Mason's Workshop) are worked on at the same time. After a production order is validated and Active, corresponding tasks will be automatically added to applicable workshops until the production quota has been met. An announcement appears when each order is completed. For repeating orders, the order then becomes inactive and the manager checks at the selected time interval for the conditions to become true again before restarting the order.
In repeating work orders, the quantity of items is treated as a batch size rather than a target number for total items to be produced. The quantity is set when creating the work order, and cannot be changed without redoing the entire order, conditions and all. A repeating work order will not abort mid-batch due to job cancellation or failed conditions. It must wait until the end of the batch before stopping. Be forewarned that perpetual (infinite) orders only check their conditions the first time they become true, since the (infinitely-sized) batch never completes. This can lead to confusion and frustration, as the order will never stop, regardless of failed conditions!
A guide to setting up functional work orders may be found in this thread.
Setting workshop profiles[edit]
The manager also allows players to change a workshop's "Profile". To edit a workshop's Profile, select a workshop with q and press P.
The workshop Profile enables players to restrict the dwarves that can use it and the minimum and maximum skill level required to use the workshop. They can choose who specifically can use the workshop by pressing enter on their name to permit/forbid their use of the workshop.
Additionally, using the Work Orders tab on the Profile screen will allow the manager to queue work orders specific to that workshop. Pressing Enter on the Work Orders tab will toggle whether or not the workshop will accept general work orders or only those set through the workshop's Profile.
Dwarves with strange moods seem to be able to claim a workshop even if they do not meet the profile criteria.
A note of caution: workshop profiles persistv0.31.12 even if the manager is killed, which can lead to workshops becoming unusable if the manager is killed and the dwarves permitted into the workshop die or are reassigned. Furthermore, workshop profiles seem to be slightly buggy. Adequate (rusty) weaponsmiths have been seen using a forge with the skill min/max both set to "Dabbling". This may be somewhat irritating if peasants are undergoing training.
One disadvantage of the work order system is that no work will be performed until the manager finishes validating the order. Work order validation appears to be fairly high priority, but it's best to ensure your manager has ample free time and isn't typically called far from the office for timely order validation.
A second disadvantage is that if there is more than one workshop which can fulfill a particular job set (such as several ordinary glass furnaces dedicated to sand collection, plus several magma glass furnaces for actual glass production) then the manager will distribute the jobs amongst all those workshops. While this can be an advantage (for example, if you want to speed up the work orders by having multiple workshops), this will make it difficult to dedicate different workshops to different tasks. This can be prevented by entering the profile of specific workshops and moving to the Work Orders menu; setting "general work orders cannot task this shop" will prevent the manager from assigning tasks.


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Verb: stretch strech
Noun: stretch strech
- Occupy a large, elongated area
"The park stretched beneath the train line";
- stretch along
- Extend one's limbs or muscles, or the entire body
"Stretch your legs!";
- Make longer or of full length; remove folds by pulling
"stretch out that piece of cloth";
- unfold, stretch out, extend
- Become longer by being stretched and pulled
"The fabric stretches"
- Make long or longer by pulling and stretching
"stretch the fabric";
- Lie down comfortably
"To enjoy the picnic, we stretched out on the grass";
- stretch out
- Pull in opposite directions
"During the Inquisition, the torturers would stretch their victims on a rack"
- Extend the scope or meaning of; often unduly
"Stretch the limits"; "stretch my patience"; "stretch the imagination"
- Corrupt, debase, or make impure by adding a foreign or inferior substance; often by replacing valuable ingredients with inferior ones
- load, adulterate, dilute, debase
- Increase in quantity or bulk by adding a cheaper substance
"stretch the soup by adding some more cream";
- Extend one's body or limbs
"Let's stretch for a minute--we've been sitting here for over 3 hours";
- stretch out
Adjective: stretch strech
- A large and unbroken expanse or distance
"a stretch of highway"; "a stretch of clear water"
- The act of physically reaching or thrusting out
- reach, reaching
- (racing) a straightaway section of a racetrack
- Exercise designed to extend the limbs and muscles to their full extent
- Extension to or beyond the ordinary limit
"running at full stretch"; "by no stretch of the imagination"; "beyond any stretch of his understanding"
- An unbroken period of time during which you do something
"there were stretches of boredom"; "he did a stretch in the federal penitentiary";
- The capacity for being stretched
- stretchiness, stretchability
- Having an elongated seating area
"a stretch limousine"
- Easily stretched
Derived forms: stretching, stretched, stretches
See also: elastic, long
Type of: be, broaden, change form, change shape, continuance, corrupt, deform, draw, duration, elasticity, exercise, exercising, expanse, extend, extension, force, grow, increase, lengthen, lie, lie down, motility, motion, move, movement, physical exercise, physical exertion, pull, snap, spoil, straight, straightaway, strain, tense, tense up, widen, workout
Part of: racecourse, racetrack, raceway, track


text:
Study maps food poverty across England to see where food banks are needed
Statistics from food banks across England show a frightening rise in the number of people using their services, meaning that more and more people don't have enough money to feed themselves. Between April 1, 2016 and March 31, 2017, the Trussell Trust provided 1,182,954 three-day emergency food packages – up 73,645 from the previous year.
People affected by food poverty face severe threats to their health and well-being. As well as the stress, depression and anxiety that can result from not having enough money to feed their families, people experiencing food poverty also face a higher risk of obesity, because the only foods they can afford tend to be cheap, sugary, processed and fattening.
Some researchers have already mapped out who is using food banks, which is a big step towards understanding the problem. But academics like ourselves are increasingly concerned that just focusing on food bank data means we are not seeing the whole picture. After all, some people in need do not live near a food bank, or do not know about local services, or are too embarrassed or worried about what will happen if they tell people they cannot afford to feed their children properly.
These people are extremely vulnerable, since they're not getting the crucial emergency support offered by food banks. Identifying and helping the unseen victims of food poverty should be a national priority. The obvious answer is to create a national measure of food poverty, like the ones used in the US and Canada. This would allow the government to identify those in need, and target resources accordingly.
Shockingly, no such measure is used in England, though some efforts are being made in Wales and Scotland. But there is a way to use existing data, to figure out not just how many, but crucially where vulnerable people might need emergency food.
Mapping out food poverty
We already know what types of people are more likely to experience food poverty: single pensioners, low income households with children and people claiming benefits are at greater risk. By combining this knowledge with big datasets such as the Census and data from the Department for Work and Pensions, it's possible to find out where populations at risk of food poverty live.
As part of new research, we mapped out the number of people at higher risk of food poverty across all of England. Our map shows that some areas of the country face much higher levels of risk – and they're not always the ones you might expect.
A map of food poverty across England.Dianna Smith and Claire Thompson., Author provided
For example, when we updated our maps with the most recent data on benefits claimants, we found that areas in London such as Croydon and Southwark have a large proportion of residents facing a high risk of food poverty. Outside of London, some urban areas in the north (Liverpool, Manchester, Newcastle) have higher risk – even where these areas don't always appear to be deprived using other measures.
When we compared those areas with a higher risk of food poverty with the locations of food banks from the Trussell Trust, we found that those areas don't always have a lot of food banks. In fact, based on the available data, we couldn't find a statistical relationship between the number of food banks in an area and the 2015 Index of Multiple Deprivation score, meaning that food banks are not always concentrated in the poorest areas.
Making a difference
Of course, this is not a criticism of food banks. They offer vital and often life-changing services. But more information about exactly where these invaluable services are needed could mean more vulnerable people receive the help and support they need to get through a difficult time.
Our maps can help with this, by helping local authorities put together food poverty action plans that target their resources more effectively. The data can be tailored for localities to account for the specific local problems which contribute to food poverty – such as the high housing costs in London boroughs, and the high rates of unemployment in many communities in the north-east of England. We are already working with local authorities around the country to this end.
This type of work is becoming more important, as controversial policy changes and cuts take hold. The roll out of Universal Credit looks set to make food poverty worse in some areas. By looking for food poverty hot spots in the local communities, researchers can help charities and local government to reach those in need.


text:
Mar 22, 2010
Guest Blog - Electricity used when pulling weight
We don't typically post items related to science fairs (I get a lot of them - they're always enjoyable but most aren't related to NXT but just use an NXT robot to facilitate something else), but I thought this was an interesting project worth sharing, especially because it's using an NXT to obtain the results - I've posted Keizo's results in the accompanying image.
BTW - Keizo is in 4th grade.
Thanks for sending this in Keizo! - Jim
How Much Electricity Is Used When A Robot Pulls A Certain Weight
By Keizo M.
Hypothesis: I think that the robot will use twice as much electricity when the weight of the car is doubled.
Why I Chose This Project: Last year I got a LEGO Mindstorms NXT 2.0 for my birthday. I really enjoyed it, but while using it, I noticed that the batteries run out quickly. I decided to measure how much electricity would be used when a robot pulls a weight.
Materials: -Lego Mindstorms ® NXT 2.0 -Digital Voltmeter -6 Rechargeable Batteries -Weights
1) Make a robotic car out of Lego Mindstorms NXT 2.0
2) Program the car to go forward and backward for 10 minutes
3) Charge the batteries
4) Measure volts in batteries
5) Put batteries in the car
6) Put weight on the car
7) Run the program
8) After 10 minutes stop the car
9) Take out batteries, and collect data
10) Repeat step 3 through 7 with different weights
Conclusion: When weight was increased, more electricity was used but it didn't double. For example, when I doubled the weight from 1 pound to 2 pounds there was only a 0.066-volt difference.
Discussion: There wasn't a huge difference when I increased the weight. Next time, I should make the robot go for 30 minutes instead of 10 minutes or put a heavier weight
Posted by: James Floyd Kelly (Jim) at 7:26 AM


text:
Problem Identification: Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is prevalent among people with cancer; therefore, it is important to determine whether interventions offered to this population are effective in alleviating FCR. This review summarizes randomized, controlled trials in the literature about the effect of psychosocial interventions on FCR in people with cancer.
Literature Search: A systematic review of the literature was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library.
Data Evaluation: Extracted data included cancer type, number of participants, intervention type and duration, follow-ups, and primary and secondary outcomes.
Synthesis: 10 studies met inclusion criteria. Types of interventions included mindfulness-based therapy (n = 3), cognitive behavioral therapy (n = 4), psychoeducational interventions (n = 1), gratitude interventions (n = 1), and communication interventions (n = 1).
Implications for Practice: Psychosocial interventions are beneficial for alleviating FCR and positively affect depression, anxiety, and quality of life in people with cancer.


text:
Radiobiology Research Team
Our Research Focus
The Radiobiology Research Team performs research on the effects of ionizing and
non-ionizing radiation on living systems, identifies radiation hazards in the aviation
environment, and studies methods of protection from such hazards.
The CARI-6 computer program, developed at the FAA's Civil Aerospace Medical Institute,
calculates the effective dose of galactic cosmic radiation received by an individual (based on
an anthropomorphic phantom) on an aircraft flying the shortest route (a geodesic) between any
two airports in the world. The program takes into account changes in altitude and geographic
location during the course of a flight, as derived from the flight profile entered by the user.
- How CARI-6 Works
- Information on the latest version of CARI-6
- Download the latest version of CARI-6 (7 July 2004)
- How CARI-6M works and differs from CARI-6
- Information on the latest version of CARI-6M
- Download the latest version of CARI-6M (3 December 2001)


6 Stages Every Gay Couple Should Reach In Their Relationship
Gay Dating
6 Stages Every Gay Couple Should Reach in Their Relationship
Brian Rzepczynski
Brian Rzepczynski Updated:
Discuss This! Discuss This!
Life is all about development, evolution and progression, and as we go through this maturation process, there are often typical stages we experience as we continue to grow.
For example, you will likely recall you went through certain stages and phases of identity development as you came out to yourself as a gay man and started to come to terms with your sexuality.
Here is an article about the well-known "Cass Homosexual Identity Development" model that details this process.
Well, relationships are the same way
In much the same way that as individuals we grow and develop, so do our relationships.
When you start dating someone and work toward a long-term partnership, there is a common developmental trajectory you will likely follow.
There are a variety of stage models that attempt to explain intimate relationship development, though the great majority are descriptive of heterosexual love.
While there are many similarities in the qualities and characteristics of relationships with our heterosexual counterparts, gay/lesbian relationships also have some unique differences and challenges that may not necessarily follow some of these other relationship theories.
Well, relationships are the same wayAlas, there is one such model that speaks to gay male pairings!
In 1984, David P. McWhirter and Andrew M. Mattison published "The Male Couple: How Relationships Develop."
The authors conducted a research study over the course of five years in which they interviewed 156 male couples in loving relationships lasting anywhere from one to 37 years.
Their intent was to discover how male couples function in everyday life in terms of domestics, finances, sexuality and relationship issues.
What actually emerged from the study was a groundbreaking discovery that regardless of the differences between men, their relationships pass through typical developmental stages in the same way individuals grow and develop.
McWhirter and Mattison share their research findings in this book and identify six separate developmental stages gay male couples go through that's essential for the growth and healthy maturation of their relationship.
"Each stage can become a building
block to subsequent phases."
The six stages are labeled as:
 1. "Blending" in year one
 2. "Nesting" in years two and three
 3. "Maintaining" in years four and five
 4. "Building" in years six through 10
 5. "Releasing" in years 11 through 20
 6. "Renewing" in years 20 and beyond
McWhirter and Mattison describe the various characteristics that are reminiscent of each of the stages, which also can become building blocks and bridges toward passage to subsequent phases and can identify other influences and possible crises or challenges that are common.
These oftentimes are inherent in the growing pains necessary for the development and health of the relationship and the partners within the system as well. Here is an article that details these stages.
Not every couple will mirror this model
Not every couple will mirror this model
Jesse Tyler Ferguson, of "Modern Family," with his husband, Justin Mikita.
However, this framework provides instrumental findings that not only dispel common myths and misconceptions that abound about gay relationships but also provides a valuable structure to help educate couples about the possible challenges they have, are currently or will eventually encounter.
This information could possibly help yield more positive outcomes for the maintenance of relationships through conflict that might ordinarily spell their demise due to increased awareness, preventative troubleshooting and skills-building to aid in more smooth transitions through such developmental challenges.
The stage model also provides positive normalization for gay couples and could be helpful to couples of other sexual orientations and relationship styles as well.
The anecdotal stories and case examples in the book also provide helpful supportive illustrations of points made and could be deemed inspirational and validating for couples. It's a highly educational read!
Another relationship model I like that speaks more toward heterosexual relationships, though it has some relevance and applicability to gay relationships, is the Knapp Relational Stages Model. Here is an article that describes the stages in this particular model.
How does this model resonate with you?
Want to play around with it and have some fun
This first link showcases the various stages of the model with snippets from popular movie scenes that depict all of the relationship phases.
This second link has you practice identifying the various stages as you watch snippets from the popular TV show "The Office" to add a little humor and enjoyment to this process!
What are your thoughts about relationship development stage models? What stage are you and your boyfriend/partner negotiating at this time? How can this help you navigate your relationship journey ahead?
Photo sources: nydailynews.com, chicagomag.com


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dnsfilter reads a series of lines from stdin, converts an IP address to a host name at the beginning of each line, and prints the results to stdout.
If a line does not begin with an IP address, dnsfilter leaves the line alone. If an IP address does not have a host name listed in DNS, dnsfilter leaves the line alone. If an IP address has a host name listed in DNS, dnsfilter inserts an equals sign and the host name before the first space or tab in the line. If a DNS lookup fails temporarily, dnsfilter inserts a colon and a dash-separated error message before the first space or tab in the line.
While dnsfilter is looking up an address in DNS, it reads ahead in the input and looks for more addresses to look up in parallel.
opts is a series of getopt-style options:


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Abstract: Meanings in Early Celtic Art
Lecturer: Peter Wells
The style known as Early Celtic Art appeared around 500 BC in central and western Europe, replacing the geometrical ornament of the Early Iron Age. This new style, with its dynamic patterns of floral forms and abundant use of human and animal faces and figures, became the basis not only for the Celtic art of the Late Iron Age, but also for the art styles of the Late Roman and early medieval periods, Anglo-Saxon and Viking ornament, and later decorative fashions. Recent archaeological discoveries enable us to examine the first uses of this new style and to address the question of its meaning to the people who created and used it.
Short bibliography and/or website on lecture topic (for lay reader):
Megaw, R. and V. Celtic Art. Thames and Hudson, 1989.
Wells, P.S. Beyond Celts, Germans and Scythians: Archaeology and Identity in Iron Age Europe. Duckworth, 2001.
Wells, P.S. Image and Response in Early Europe. Duckworth, 2008.


The topic Rodeo is discussed in the following articles:
De Mille
 - TITLE: Agnes de Mille (American dancer and choreographer)
 Rodeo (1942), one of her most important ballets, was created for the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo. The first ballet to include tap dancing, it used distinctively American gestures—bronco-riding and steer-roping movements. Most of de Mille's other ballets were choreographed for New York City's Ballet Theatre, which she joined in 1940. Her works for that company include Fall River...
history of tap dance
 - TITLE: tap dance
 SECTION: Film
 ...attributed to a series of events in the 1940s. In 1942 Agnes de Mille introduced narrative ballet into the Broadway show with Oklahoma!. Although in Rodeo (1942) she had also been the first to introduce tap dance into ballet, her billing as a "choreographer" and the false competition with ballet made tap seem...


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Exhibition space: Active seeing – a feast for the eyes
Liz Coats has devoted decades to researching the interaction of paint colours and how people perceive them. Simon Jenkins reports.
The work of Liz Coats mesmerises. Just like a kaleidoscope showing various prisms of light and colour that partially cross over each other and enhance those beneath, her abstract paintings draw the viewer ever deeper into their centre (almost intentionally as if to attract and capture their sight forever). At the same time, they treat the eye to a feast of colour that evokes visual insight in the present moment.


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How do you derive Darcy Weisbach equation?
Derivation of Darcy Weisbach EquationStep 1: Terms and Assumptions. Consider a uniform horizontal pipe with fixed diameter d and area A, which allow a steady flow of incompressible fluid. Step 2: Applying Bernoulli's principle. Step 3: Find frictional resistance. Step 4: Net force acting on the fluid at section S1 and S2.
What is Darcy Weisbach formula for head loss due to friction?
Darcy-Weisbach Friction Loss Equation: g = acceleration due to gravity = 32.174 ft/s2 = 9.806 m/s2. Major loss (hf) is the energy (or head) loss (expressed in length units – think of it as energy per unit weight of fluid) due to friction between the moving fluid and the duct. It is also known as friction loss.
How is Darcy friction factor calculated?
The shear velocity V* is defined as: V * = τ o / ρ. In equation (7.1), the Darcy friction factor is a function of the Reynolds number VDH/v and relative roughness ks/DH, where ks is the equivalent roughness height and DH is the hydraulic diameter1 (Appendix A, Section 7.6).
How do you calculate head loss?
Determining the pipe diameter when the pipe length and flow rate are given for a specified pressure drop. hf = f L d v2 2g = 0,0225 500 0.2 6,42 2·9,81 = 117 m For inclined pipe the head loss is hf = ∆p ρg +z1 −z2 = ∆p ρg +Lsin10o.
What is the formula for pressure drop?
Pressure-loss form , the mean flow velocity, experimentally measured as the volumetric flow rate Q per unit cross-sectional wetted area (m/s); fD, the Darcy friction factor (also called flow coefficient λ). μ is the dynamic viscosity of the fluid (Pa·s = N·s/m2 = kg/(m·s));
How do you calculate pressure from flow rate?
The flow rate, in turn, at a known pipe cross-sectional area, determines the fluid's flow rate. Subtract static pressure from the total pressure. If the pipe has a total pressure of 0.035 kilopascals and a static pressure of 0.01 kilopascals: 0.035 – 0.01 = 0.025 kilopascals.
What is head loss in Bernoulli's equation?
Thus, Bernoulli's equation states that the total head of the fluid is constant. The head loss (or the pressure loss) represents the reduction in the total head or pressure (sum of elevation head, velocity head and pressure head) of the fluid as it flows through a hydraulic system.
What is pressure loss in pipe?
In fluid flow, friction loss (or skin friction) is the loss of pressure or "head" that occurs in pipe or duct flow due to the effect of the fluid's viscosity near the surface of the pipe or duct.
How do you calculate Reynolds number?
The Reynolds number (Re) of a flowing fluid is calculated by multiplying the fluid velocity by the internal pipe diameter (to obtain the inertia force of the fluid) and then dividing the result by the kinematic viscosity (viscous force per unit length).
How do you calculate the friction factor?
The friction factor for laminar flow is calculated by dividing 64 by the Reynold's number.
What is frictional factor?
1. Definition of friction factor. The friction factor is representing the loss of pressure of a fluid in a pipe due to the interactions in between the fluid and the pipe. f/2=friction factor – fanning. D=Pipe diameter in m.
How do you calculate pressure in a pipe?
Square the pipe's radius. With a radius, for instance, of 0.05 meters, 0.05 ^ 2 = 0.0025. Multiply this answer by the pressure drop across the pipe, measured in pascals. With a pressure drop, for instance, of 80,000 pascals, 0.0025 x 80,000 = 200.
What is K in head loss?
Introduction. The K-value, Resistance Coefficient, Velocity Head, Excess Head or Crane method allows the user to characterise the pressure loss through fittings in a a pipe. The K-value represents the multiple of velocity heads that will be lost by fluid passing through the fitting.
What is head loss and how is it calculated?
Head loss refers to the total pressure losses sustained by the fluid as it flows from the suction point to the discharge point. Head loss is caused when the liquid loses momentum as it flows, and depends upon fluid viscosity, pipe diameter, pipe length and accessories such as valves and elbows within the pipework.


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'Polyphony' - The maximum number of notes that may be played by an instrument at any time before experiencing note droppage or loss.
NOTE: On every electronic instrument there is a limit to the number of notes that it can play at a given time. This note limit is referred to as 'polyphony'. If an instrument has, say 32 notes of polyphony, note drop or loss will be experienced if your playing or song exceeds 32 notes at any given instant.
The goal is not to find the limit, but to avoid it. The best use of the instrument may require that you simplify or lessen the number of notes being used in your song recording (playback) to resolve an issue of note loss.
Do you need an additional help?


Denmark Cyber Army
The cyber power of Denmark depends on a lot of things like budget, technology and knowledge of the fifth domain.
In Denmark, the following languages are spoken:
Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic (Inuit dialect), German; English is the predominant second language
The cyber power of Denmark
The code will be in the language of the author, this will make it harder for English speaking countries to decrypt or reverse engineer the attack.
Does Denmark own a large cyber army?
If yes, you can find additional information below:
—Please do note that we LOVE user feedback. So if they do own a cyber army, and we have made a mistake. Please share the official link of the cyber army page.
Budget and force of strongest armies
country listing cyber army
In the list above you will be able to view the armies which have a big budget.
Share this information


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$output.= ''. sprintf(_x('%1$s %2$s - %3$s %4$s', 'thst'), get_avatar( $comment, 48 ), (...);
This is my line of code and Wordpress Theme Checker tells me "Text domain problems. You have not included a text domain!" I have included one though, as you can see. What could be the problem here?
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
up vote 1 down vote accepted
_x() is for string with a context. So your second argument is just the context, and there is no text domain.
$string = _x(
'%1$s %2$s - %3$s %4$s', # string to translate
'recent comments 1 = gravatar, 2 = … ', # context for translators
'thst' # text domain
$visible = sprintf( $string, get_avatar( $comment, 48 ), … );
$output.= ''. $visible. '';
Explain all numbers in your context parameter.
share|improve this answer
$output.= ''. /* translators: comments widget: 1: comment author, 2: post link */ sprintf(_x('%1$s %2$s - %3$s %4$s'), get_avatar( $comment, 48 ), ''. get_comment_author_link(), ''. get_the_title($comment->comment_post_ID). '', ''. get_comment_date('l, j F Y'). '', 'thst'). ''; Ok I got it now. the text domain needed to go at the very end since the other things in the middle are numbers. Thanks! – charlenemasters Feb 14 '13 at 10:48
No, use a context parameter and a text domain as explained in my answer. – toscho Feb 14 '13 at 10:49
Ok I'm not sure I understand. All the elements after x_() are the elements that are inserted into '%1$s'... How does the context parameter come into this? What is it, what does it do and where do I put it? – charlenemasters Feb 14 '13 at 11:01
_USER_ I made an update to my answer to show better how it works. Is that better? – toscho Feb 14 '13 at 11:10
Got it to work and I understand it now. Thanks a lot! – charlenemasters Feb 14 '13 at 11:42
Your Answer


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Definition of orc
n. - The grampus. 2
The word "orc" uses 3 letters: C O R.
Words formed by adding one letter before or after orc (in bold), or to cor in any order:
a - arco orca c - croc d - cord e - cero core f - corf i - coir k - cork rock m - corm n - corn p - crop s - cors orcs rocs t - torc w - crow y - cory
Shorter words found within orc:
All words formed from orc by changing one letter
Browse words starting with orc by next letter


text:
Design a kitchen in front view with your iPod, iPhone or iPad. Save it in your device or email your designs in 'pdf', 'png', 'jpg' or 'dxf' format.
Design a kitchen easily in three steps.
- Step 1: Select the dimensions of the wall.
- Step 2: Insert cabinets, appliances and accessories in front view.
- Step 3: Change the material of the cabinets and the wall and insert accessories.
EZ Kitchen includes a complete file manager that allows you to open, save and delete your designs in your device.
You can define several sections on the wall and apply different materials to each section. This is very useful to create a tiled backsplash.
Once the kitchen design is finished, you can email it in different formats:
- PDF format that can be opened and edited with a PDF reader/editor. (Size: Letter or DinA4).
- PNG format.
- JPG format.
- Detailed list. Includes a list of cabinets, appliances and accessories added in the design.
- DXF format that can be opened and edited with a CAD program.


Researchers study french fry oil from fast-food chains vs. small businesses
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
Posted: Jan 21, 2010
With more Americans eating out, at least three times a week, and a lack of adequate nutritional information available to consumers, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa geobiology professor A. Hope Jahren and postdoctoral researcher Brian A. Schubert wanted to examine the oil content in a growing trend on American restaurant menus: french fries. What they found was that the majority of national chain restaurants on O'ahu served fries containing corn oil—which is higher in cholesterol-raising saturated fat than other vegetable oils such as canola, soy and safflower—as compared to small mom-and-pop restaurants.
The team found that the majority (69 percent) of the national chain restaurants served fries containing corn oil, whereas this was true for only a minority (20 percent) of the small businesses. Jahren and Schubert concluded that fries at the mom-&-pop restaurants are slightly healthier than at the big chains, thus making them a better dining choice.
Jahren and Schubert conducted their research over a year and a half by purchasing fries at 134 restaurants on the island of O'ahu and analyzing the expressed oil for carbon isotope value. Because O'ahu is geographically small, Jahren and Schubert were able to sample 68 of the 101 national chain fast food restaurants on the island, as well as a similar number of small local restaurants. Thus, they captured a profile of fast-food fries available to a population. Local restaurants sampled include Big City Diner, Rainbow's Drive Inn, Like Like Drive Inn, Kanpai Bar and Grill and South Shore Grill.
 "Surprisingly, there was such a clear difference between the amount of corn oil in fast-food chains and the local mom-and-pop restaurants," said Jahren. "Since corn oil is more expensive than other vegetable oils, we hypothesized that it would be a simple function of what was cheapest."
However, Jahren and her team discovered that to make corn oil cost-effective, it is necessary to contract ingredients on a large scale from preferred distributors, which makes sense for national chains, but not from a small business profit perspective.
Fast-food restaurants are not providing enough ingredient and nutrient content at the point of purchase. "People want to eat right, they just don't know how," noted Jahren. "Multiple studies have demonstrated that knowledge of ingredients leads to changed eating habits."
The study was not supported by any public or private agency. All participants donated their money, time, travel and expertise. Jahren and Schubert's article "Corn content of French fry oil from national chain vs. small business restaurants" is published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences at:


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Pyrogenesis files provisional patent for high purity silicon production
Stephen LawOptoelectronics Semiconductors Engineering
PyroGenesis Canada Inc., a Montreal-based clean-tech company that designs, develops, manufactures and commercializes plasma waste-to-energy systems and plasma torch products, has filed a provisional patent for a one step process using plasma for producing high purity silicon from silica.
The PUREVAP is a proprietary process that uses a plasma arc within a vacuum furnace to produce high purity, metallurgical grade silicon (MG-Si), solar grade silicon (UMG Si) and polysilicon from quartz.
"We expect this process to not only have strategic significance with respect to silicon, but will allow PyroGenesis to further develop distinct plasma processes geared to refining other high grade and valuable metals as well," says Pierre Carabin, director of engineering of PyroGenesis. "Applying plasma to silica in this manner is another example of how PyroGenesis is finding high value niche markets for its plasma based processes."
"Advances in solar energy and electronic applications have made silicon a strategic material in the 21st century. The world consumption of silicon metal in 2014 alone exceeded US$6 billion," adds, PyroGenesis president and CEO Peter Pascali. "Therefore, there is a significant need to finding ways to reduce the cost of producing strategic materials and PyroGenesis' processes are poised to do just that."


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Mixer Conversion Loss Measurement
This video shows the basic operations of the Anritsu VectorStar and the, external signal generator, mixer measurement wizard for performing a mixer conversion loss measurement. Frequency translated devices are key components of any communication system, whether they are up-converters, down-converters, or basic mixers. Since their input and output frequencies are different, they require special features and setups for vector network analyzer (VNA) measurements. With the frequency offset capability of VectorStar VNAs, where the source and receiver are independently controlled, and the option to include a second source, such measurements are possible and can be easily configured.


Home / Adobe FrameMaker / Adobe FrameMaker: How to create a list of effective pages
Adobe FrameMaker: How to create a list of effective pages
by Barb Binder, Adobe Certified Instructor on FrameMaker
Updated: May 22, 2020
A List of Effective pages (aka LEP or LOEP) is a list of every page in a document along with the current revision number and the date of each page's revision. This is a common requirement for many of our FrameMaker students, and not a particularly fun part of their job. However, one of the fun parts of my job is helping my students solve their layout issues and this one came up yesterday. Up until these students attended our Advanced FrameMaker training class, they were updating their LEP manually, copying and pasting the revision numbers, one line at a time. Ouch.
Note: You can purchase a plug-in to automate this process from Steve Kubis at Silicon Prairie Software. As of the last update, a single-user license is US$30, and a site license is US$300. Please direct questions on the plug-in to
Setting up an LEP is a complex, multi-step process. The steps below detail how to set up your own LEP, using the tools found within unstructured FrameMaker (any version). Please note that this is a task for an advanced FrameMaker user: someone who is already comfortable using master pages, reference pages, variables, books and generated files.
Feel free to ask a specific question about the process using the form at the bottom of this post. I am also available for hourly, online coaching and can help you set up your own basic LEP in about an hour. See One-on-One Online Coaching.
1. Set up the running heads on the master pages
 1. In addition to the normal running heads in background frames, each chapter in your book will need to have an empty template frame with a flow tag that can accept the revision number and date on the body pages. You will need to add these frames to the master pages.
 2. Assign clear, concise paragraph style names to the running heads (i.e., Revision#Left and Revision#Right for the left and right pages). You will be generating a list of paragraphs using these paragraph styles.
 3. I recommend removing the auto-connect property from the template frames so that a novice FrameMaker user won't accidentally overset text in a frame and generate unintentional extra pages.
For information on using master pages, including defining template frames, see Adobe FrameMaker: Master Page Basics.
Here is an animation to show the process. Note that the page number and the words Rev. No and Date are in a background frame already. I am showing how to add a template frame that you can use to enter the revision numbers and dates on the body pages. For a double sided document, you would need to repeat the process for the left master page. Once you add the template frame to the master page, you can now type the revision numbers and dates in the template frame on each body page. These are the paragraphs I will collect in step 3.
Adobe FrameMaker: List of Effective Pages
2. Chapter numbering
 1. Set up your chapter numbers in the chapter files using Paragraph Designer > Numbering and the <$chapnum> building block.
 2. If you need words and not just numbers, assign the chapter numbers in the book window. For example, for the front and back matter, you can set a chapter number to use text by right-clicking the file in the book window, and choosing Numbering > Chapter > Format: Text. This is necessary to show TOC–1, or APP–1 (where TOC and APP are the chapter numbers) on the LEP.
For information on setting up chapter numbers with the Paragraph Designer, see Adobe FrameMaker: Numbered Headings and Adobe FrameMaker: Numbered Headings, Continued.
3. Add a List of Paragraphs
Next FrameMaker needs to collect the list of revision numbers and dates along with their page numbers via a generated file.
 1. Add a chronological List of Paragraphs (LOP) via the Insert menu in the book window, and reference the paragraph styles used on the running heads (i.e., Revision#Left and Revision#Right).
 2. Like all generated files, initially the text is presented without formatting. You will need to set up the columns, the paragraph styles for the LOP paragraphs and the all-important reference pages to control the presentation of the data. A typical LOP reference page might be formatted something like this:
 <$chapnum> – <$paratext>
 These building blocks will add the chapter number–page number in front of the revision numbers/dates automatically. The gap in front of <$paratext> might be handled via a tab stop. Depending on your formatting, you may need to rearrange these building blocks.
For information on working with generated files, see Adobe FrameMaker: What to know about working with generated files.
4. Add the revision dates and numbers manually, or with user variables
 1. Once the running heads, the chapter numbers and the generated LOP file are all working, you can begin entering the document edits.
 2. As each page is update, you will need to update the empty template frame in the running head with the current revision number/date on the body pages. This is most easily accomplished by setting up a user variable in the Variables panel, and adding the variable to the empty template frame in the running head. Alternatively, you can just type in the new dates and revision numbers manually.
For more information on working with variables, see Adobe FrameMaker: Variables.
5. Update the list when you update your book
When the edits are complete and the running heads are up to date, you can simply update your book, and along with the generated files. FrameMaker will scan all of the pages of all of the chapters in your book, and collect the latest page and revision numbers/dates. If you have everything set up correctly, you are done!
Leave a Reply to Patrick Little Cancel reply
8 thoughts on "Adobe FrameMaker: How to create a list of effective pages
 1. I find FM difficult enough to use as it is what does not help is its own manual clearly assuming some kind of prior knowledge. I can't even find a button to centre text – how on earth can it be called a publishing tool and not have simple, word like, buttons for formatting text…????? All I need is a list of effective pages saved as an.fm file I can include with the rest of the file, which is smashed in to bits but stored as a.book. None of the above makes any sense at all.
 1. Hi Huw,
 Unlike most of the FrameMaker tutorials on this site—which are step-by-step and include images—this one is meant to be an outline of the process and geared towards for my advanced students. You will find this note in the third paragraph: "Please note that this is a task for an advanced FrameMaker user: someone who is already comfortable using master pages, reference pages, variables, books and generated files."
 I highly recommend attending a FrameMaker training class, or two. I can't speak for all instructors, but on the first day of our classes you will learn how to control both paragraph and character formatting, including how to center text.
 FrameMaker is not an intuitive application and I don't think it ever will be. I highly encourage you to start at the beginning, and work your way up to the task described on this page.
 I wish you the best,
 2. Barb …. thanks for all the great content you have posted. You have a gift for explaining how to use the program.
 I am working on a List of Effective Pages for a book and am stuck on a minor detail. When I try to build the LOEP using Insert>List of>Paragraphs and insert the paragraph tag for the revision number, it does not show up on the Body Page. Instead, the filename is printed twice.
 The reference page looks like the following with 'RevDateText' as the paragraph tag for the revision date. Thanks for any insight you can provide.
 r/ Patrick
 openXmlElementId :
 openObjectId :
 1. Hi Patrick:
 Those two lines (openXmlElementID and openObjectId) control the hyperlinks that are built into the generated files.
 When you add the paragraph style to the LOP (RevDateText), that should initially produce
 <$paratext> <$pagenum>
 on the LOP reference page. It will automatically be tagged RevDateTextLOP.
 If that line isn't there, there is a problem adding the style to the LOP Setup dialog box.
 1. Barb … thank you for the clarification. I am missing a small point. Most likely, I do not have the running head set up correctly. When I add the frame to the master page footer and select 'template frame with flow tag', I am unable to insert the cursor and 'insert header & footer'.
 How full is your schedule? I am open to some online 'coaching' to clean this up, as it will save hours in the long run. Unfortunately, I am on a tight schedule and have to finish this up by the end of the day tomorrow (Wed). 🙁 If that is unworkable, perhaps I can get your assistance for the next version.
 Thanks again for your assistance! r/ Patrick
 3. Hi