text: This study is to develop a micromachining technology for a light guide panel(LGP) mold, whereby micro dot patterns are formed on a LGP surface by a single injection process instead of existing screen printing processes. The micro powder blasting technique is applied to form micro dot patterns on the LGP mold surface. The optimal conditions for masking, laminating, exposure, and developing processes to form the micro dot patterns are first experimentally investigated. A LGP mold with masked micro patterns is then machined using the micro powder blasting method and the machinability of the micro dot patterns is verified. A prototype LGP is test-injected using the developed LGP mold and a shape analysis of the patterns and performance testing of the injected LGP are carried out. As an additional approach, matte finishing, a special surface treatment method, is applied to the mold surface to improve the light diffusion characteristics, uniformity and brightness of the LGP. The results of this study show that the applied powder blasting method can be successfully used to manufacture LGPs with micro patterns by just single injection using the developed mold and thereby replace existing screen printing methods.


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The 1.3MP 25MM SWIR lens is part of the 1.3MP 1/2" SWIR lens series. This series offers a variety of focal lengths to ensure the ideal working distance for your application. The focal length of this LCM-SWIR-MP-25MM-F1.8-2-ND1 lens is 25MM, and its F-number is 1.8. Our SWIR C-mount lens series is intended for sensors with pixel sizes of 3.45µm and larger, and it covers the wavelength range of 400nm–1700nm.
SWIR C-Mount lensesVisible-SWIR lenses, also known as SWIR lenses, are designed especially for SWIR machine vision cameras. Visible light is defined as having a wavelength between 400 and 780 nm, while infrared light has a wavelength between 780 and 1000 µm. The infrared light type that most closely resembles visible light is called short-wave infrared (SWIR) light. Specifically made for Sony's IMX990 and IMX991 SWIR image sensors, among many others, is the 1.3MP 1/2" SWIR lens series. Light spanning from the visible to the SWIR spectrum can be captured by these sensors. They have the capacity to record extensive image data at wavelengths between 400 and 1700 nm. The conventional "Visible light camera + SWIR camera" dual camera detection scheme is replaced by our SWIR cameras. They also provide a low-cost solution, increase the detection range, and speed up processing.
There are several uses for the 1.3MP 25MM SWIR lens when paired with a monochrome SWIR camera:
- Semiconductor inspection: To find flaws that do not show up in the visible spectrum.
- Examining the moisture and humidity content of products: Water turns opaque at 1450 nm. The water absorbs the light at this wavelength.
- Material detection: Although materials such as metals and plastics may appear similar to one another when viewed in visible light, their differences in wavelength-dependent infrared reflectance and absorptance allow for the identification of a particular material among others.
1.3MP 25MM Short-Wave Infrared lensThis 1.3MP 25MM SWIR lens has adjustable iris and focus, and screws are available to secure them. The LCM-SWIR-1.3MP-25MM-F1.8-2-ND1 SWIR lens also has a C-mount for simple machine vision camera mounting. Our C-mount SWIR lenses are made to withstand the rigors and dependability required in industrial settings. They are designed to survive demanding industrial environments. The entire construction of the 1.3MP 25MM SWIR lens is made of metal and glass components.
SWIR lens for Sony IMX Sensors CompatibilityThe common C-mount thread of the 1.3MP 1/2" SWIR lens series makes it compatible with a wide range of industrial cameras. The following camera sensors are frequently used with this 1.3MP 25MM SWIR lens:
- IMX991 (Expected in 2024)
- IMX992 (Expected in 2024)
- IMX993 (Expected in 2024)
Resolving power of the 1/2" SWIR lens seriesFor industrial cameras with SWIR sensors, like the Sony sensors mentioned earlier, the 1.3MP 1/2" SWIR lens series is advised in order to produce crisp images in the Short-Wave Infrared field. For this series, 3.45µm pixel size is advised for cameras. It can resolve 160 line pairs per millimeter (lp/mm). The number of black and white line pairs that can be distinguished per millimeter of image space is known as the resolving power. A higher spatial resolution, or the ability of the camera or lens system to resolve finer details in the image, is indicated by a higher number of line pairs per millimeter. See our Download page for a detailed list of all our other lenses along with their corresponding resolutions.
Product Life Cycle ManagementThe SWIR lens series is well-liked and will continue to be made for a considerable amount of time. Since our launch, we have added almost every lens model to our collection, and the majority of them are still in stock. Furthermore, we promise to keep you updated if the LCM-SWIR-1.3MP-25MM-F1.8-2-ND1 lens gets closer to its End of Life (EOL). For their final purchase, each of our customers will receive a final notification. Additionally, we guarantee that a new production run of the 1.3MP 25MM SWIR lens can always be started with a Minimum Order Quantity (MOQ) of 300 pieces following End of Life (EOL).
Quality control & warrantyThe quality control process for lens production is based on a number of deliberate steps. The process for making SWIR lenses, like the 1.3MP 25MM SWIR lens, begins with a quality inspection of the incoming raw materials and production line setup, which includes inspecting the personal protective equipment (PPE) worn by the employees and cleaning the equipment. Every stage of the production process adheres to a rigid protocol that is monitored by tool-assisted or visual inspections. A final inspection is performed on each product to ensure that all mechanical and optical requirements have been met. Furthermore, inspections for sample control are carried out prior to shipment.
Comprehensive reports covering every facet of production are produced by this process. The 1.3MP 25MM SWIR lens will be labeled as abnormal if it ever fails to meet the specified quality standards. To ensure the procedure and batch quality, a measure will be implemented. From the raw materials to the final product, quality is maintained through continuous monitoring.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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The Federal Communications Commission (the "FCC") recently released its Declaratory Ruling and Order regarding the requirements of the Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991 (the "TCPA"). The FCC Order provides some good news for the healthcare industry, clarifying the TCPA's application regarding calls to patients by healthcare providers, and granting an exemption from the TCPA's prior express consent requirement for certain healthcare calls that are not charged to the end recipient. Here's what you need to know:
Prior Express Consent:
- The General Rule. The Ruling clarifies that when a patient provides his telephone number to a healthcare provider, such provision constitutes prior express consent for healthcare calls subject to HIPAA. The express consent only extends to HIPAA covered entities and business associates acting on their behalf as defined in the HIPAA privacy rules and only to calls made within the scope of the consent given, and absent contrary instructions.
- Incapacitated Third Parties. The FCC Order additionally addressed the issue of whether a third party may provide a telephone number and prior express consent for incapacitated patients. In doing so, the FCC recognized that in certain situations, it may be impossible for a caller to provide prior express consent due to incapacity. The Order therefore allows for a third party to provide prior express consent to make healthcare calls subject to HIPAA where a party is unable to consent because of medical incapacity. In those situations, prior express consent to make healthcare calls subject to HIPAA may be obtained from a third party. As such, healthcare providers may make healthcare calls subject to HIPAA, to an incapacitated patient based on the prior express consent of a third party. At the time the patient is considered capable to grant consent on his own behalf, the third party consent is no longer valid. At that point, the healthcare provider must obtain prior express consent from the patient himself.
Free to End User Calls:
The Order also provides a limited exemption from the TCPA's prior express consent requirement for certain non-telemarketing, healthcare calls that are not charged to the receiving party.
- What Calls are Exempt?
- Calls have a healthcare treatment purpose
- Appointment and exam confirmations and reminders,
- Wellness checkups,
- Hospital pre-registration instructions,
- Preoperative instructions,
- Lab results,
- Post-discharge follow-up intended to prevent readmission,
- Prescription notifications
- Home healthcare instructions.
- What Calls are Not Exempt?Calls regarding accounting, debt collections, payment notifications, Social Security disability eligibility or other financial content.
- Requirements for Exempted Calls:
- Voice calls and text messages must be free to the end user and not counted against any plan limits to the recipient;
- Voice calls and text messages may be sent only to the wireless telephone number provided by the patient;
- Voice calls and text messages must state the name and contact information of the healthcare provider (for voice calls, these disclosures must be provided at the beginning of the call);
- Voice calls and text messages are strictly limited to the purpose permitted in the FCC's ruling;
- Voice calls and text messages must not include any telemarketing, solicitation, or advertising;
- All communications must comply with HIPAA privacy rules;
- Voice calls and text messages must be concise
- one minute or less in length for voice calls (unless more time is needed to obtain customer responses or answer customer questions)
- 160 characters or less in length for text messages;
- A healthcare provider may initiate only one (1) message per day, up to a maximum of three (3) voice calls or text messages combined per week from a specific healthcare provider;
- A healthcare provider must offer recipients within each message an easy means to opt out of future such messages;
- voice calls that could be answered by a live person must include an automated, interactive voice and/or key press-activated opt-out mechanism that enables the call recipient to make an opt-out request prior to terminating the call,
- voice calls that could be answered by an answering machine or voice mail service must include a toll-free number that the consumer can call to opt out of future healthcare calls, text messages must inform recipients of the ability to opt out by replying "STOP," which will be the exclusive means by which consumers may opt out of such messages; and,A healthcare provider must honor the opt-out requests immediately.


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Can I pair AirPods using Bluetooth to an Android phone or Windows computer?
Pairing the AirPods to a non-Apple smartphone or computer is similar to pairing other Bluetooth devices. Follow these steps to connect AirPods to a PC or other device:
- Place the AirPods in the case, then open the lid.
- Press and hold the white button on the back of the case.
- The AirPods status light blinks white to indicate pairing mode.
- Pair the AirPods using the device or computer's Bluetooth settings menu.
Once paired, the AirPods can be used like any other wireless Bluetooth headphones.


AR# 53776
Generating Quick Test Cases for Xilinx Integrated PCI Express Block and Serial RapidIO Cores Verilog Simulation
This Answer Record provides techniques for generating quick test cases for Xilinx Integrated PCI Express Block and Serial RapidIO Cores Verilog simulation in a downloadable PDF to enhance its usability. Answer Records are Web-based content that are frequently updated as new information becomes available. Visit this Answer Record to obtain the latest version of the PDF.
This answer record primarily focuses on techniques to create test cases in simulation by forcing certain data patterns on core interfaces. When designing a system with IPs, such as PCI Express and Serial Rapid IO, designers may run into issues where the system halts due to a certain incoming packet or incorrect toggling of signals. To debug such issues in hardware could be difficult and time consuming, as this would need debugging tools such as ChipScope. The best option is to try to reproduce the issue in simulation by writing a specific testbench. The problem with this is you will need to write comprehensive code in the testbench to capture that particular use case scenario. This takes time and designers might not have enough time due to the critical nature of their project.
The pdf document provided with this answer record describes how a designer can drive custom packets on an interface of designs with PCI Express and Serial RapidIO cores with the force command in Verilog. force is a powerful Verilog command which you can use to drive signals at any timestamp of your simulation.
Associated Attachments
AR# 53776
Date 06/24/2013
Status Active
Type General Article
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A space is $F_\sigma$-discrete space if it is the countable union of closed discrete subspaces. Is it true that every subset of an $F_\sigma$-discrete space is of the type $G_\delta$?
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The answer is yes. Suppose that $X$ is an $F_\sigma$ space as you have defined it, so that $X=\bigcup_n X_n$, where each $X_n$ is a closed discrete space. Suppose that $Y\subset X$ is any subset. For each $n$, note that $X_n-Y$ is closed in the discrete space $X_n$ and hence also closed in $X$, and so the complement $U_n=X-(X_n-Y)$ is open in $X$. Furthermore, $\bigcap_n U_n=Y$, since $Y\subset U_n$ and anything not in $Y$ is in some $X_n$ and hence thrown out of that $U_n$. So $Y$ is a countable intersection of open sets and hence $G_\delta$.
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Yes, since closed discrete sets are hereditarily closed. Let $X$ be the space and $E_n$ the closed discrete sets, so $X = \bigcup\limits_{n=1}^\infty E_n$. Then given $S \subseteq X$, each $E_n \setminus S$ is still closed, so $S = \bigcap\limits_{n=1}^\infty (E_n \setminus S)^\complement$ shows that $S$ is a $G_\delta$.
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Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics
A generalized approach to the allocation of redundant thrust vector slew commands for multi-actuated launch vehicles is presented, where deflection constraints are expressed as omniaxial or elliptical deflection limits in gimbal axes. More importantly than in the aircraft control allocation problem, linear allocators (pseudoinverses) are preferred for large booster applications to facilitate accurate prediction of the control-structure interaction resulting from thrust vectoring effects. However, strictly linear transformations for the allocation of redundant controls cannot, in general, access all of the attainable moments for which there is a set of control effector positions thatsatisfles the constraints. In this paper, the control allocation efficiency ora certain class of linear allocators subject to multiple quadratic constraints is analyzed, and a novel single-pass control allocation scheme is proposed that augments the pseudolnverse near the boundary of the attainable set. The controls are determined over a substantial volume of lhe attainable set using only a linear transformation; as such, the algorithm maintains compatibility with frequencydomain approaches to the analysis of the vehicle closed-loop elastic stability. Numerical results using a model of a winged reusable booster system illustrate the proposed technique's ability to access a larger Fraction of the attainable set than a pseudoinverse alone.
Orr, Jeb S. and Slegers, Nathan, "High-Efficiency Thrust Vector Control Allocation" (2014). Faculty Publications - Biomedical, Mechanical, and Civil Engineering. 20.


Product of the Month: Apollo
Apollo vibrations: Responding to today's stressful world
Information provided here is from
Apollo applies low frequency, inaudible waves of vibration that are demonstrated in both the lab and the real world to change the balance of our nervous systems through our sense of touch. Apollo waves bring balance to the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system and improve heart rate variability (HRV), the most reliable, non-invasive biometric of stress. It can be worn on the wrist or ankle.
Apollo vibrations feel like waves coming and going. This sensation feels natural because it is. Apollo's modes match a natural oscillation pattern between the heart and lungs when we breathe deeply, which consistently improves HRV. Apollo has seven modes to support life's activities:
 1. 1. Energy and Wake Up
 2. 2. Social and Open
 3. 3. Clear and Focused
 4. 4. Rebuild and Recover
 5. 5. Meditation and Mindfulness
 6. 6. Relax and Unwind
 7. 7. Sleep and Renew
When our bodies feel the rhythm of the Apollo vibrations, it is automatically recognized by the body as a soothing gentle touch, just like a friend giving you a hug on a bad day.
Preliminary findings suggest that the specific vibration patterns used in the Apollo technology increase the ability to focus and remain calm during periods of stress and that these specific vibration patterns improve the body's ability to recover and be resilient to stress, as measured by HRV. These improvements in HRV are accompanied by proportionate improvements in cognitive and physical performance under stress. Subsequent university pilots and trials have shown that Apollo consistently improves HRV under stress within 2-3 minutes, improves athletic recovery, and supports access to meditative states.
To learn more and/or purchase Apollo, click HERE.
By |2020-10-12T16:52:16-05:00October 13th, 2020|Articles, General|
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Skip to content.
Updated at 8:50 am on 26 October 2011
Archaeologists have discovered the wreck of a ship that was part of a fleet sent to invade Japan by the Mongol ruler Kublai Khan, more than 700 years ago.
The wooden ship was found off the southern island of Kyushu, a metre under the seabed.
The hull, which is almost complete, and the keel are the most intact remains of a Mongol wreck found in Japanese waters.
Archaeologists say it was part of an invasion fleet carrying 140,000 Mongol soldiers in 1281.
Researchers from the University of the Ryukyus in Okinawa used ultrasonic equipment to detect the remains of the ship.
The wood on the hull was painted whitish grey and held together by nails. Bricks, weapons and other instruments were found on board.
The BBC reports the Japanese have always attributed their victory to storms that wrecked the Mongol fleets during two attempted invasions in 1274 and 1281.
They concluded that Japan was protected from invasion by a divine wind, (Kamikaze), which was invoked in World War II to inspire pilots to launch suicide attacks on allied ships.
Copyright © 2011, Radio New Zealand
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Downloads and podcasts are available for selected programmes. Our podcast page has a complete list of feeds.
Help on using online audio: formats, software, podcasts, downloading, and troubleshooting.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


How many gasoline pumps will the project actually contain?
The new Costco gasoline project will have 16 gasoline fuel pumps. Each pump will allow for two (2) vehicles to obtain fuel at the same time for a total of 32 vehicles.
Show All Answers
1. What is the current status of the project for the new Costco gasoline station in Tustin Ranch?
2. Why did City Council members decline to have private meetings with individuals before the appeal hearing?
3. How many emails did the City Council receive in advance of the Appeal Hearing on October 15, 2019, and what position on the project did they want?
4. How many gasoline pumps will the project actually contain?
5. What will be the hours of operation for the new gasoline station?
6. Why did the new gasoline station not need an environmental impact report (EIR)? Was the exemption a loophole?
7. What studies have been completed to support the City Council action on the project?
8. How are greenhouse gases emissions estimated and air quality evaluated to know if the new station will have any adverse impacts on public health? Is vehicle idling included in these assessments?
9. How will the traffic be handled on the site and on the streets surrounding the new gasoline station?
10. What if a major traffic jam is created with cars waiting to get gas at the new Costco location – what happens then?
11. What will happen to my property value if I live near a gasoline station?
12. The new Costco gasoline station will drive out other smaller, independent gas station owners in the City compelling everyone to buy gas at Costco. Does the City not care about small businesses?
13. What are the differences between the new gasoline station and the existing Costco gasoline station at The District?
14. What are the lessons learned from the other Costco located at The District?
15. Can the City Council's decision on the Costco application be appealed?


text:
Definition of Lycopodium selago
1. Noun. Of northern Europe and America; resembling a miniature fir.
Generic synonyms: Club Moss, Club-moss, Lycopod
Lycopodium Selago Pictures
Click the following link to bring up a new window with an automated collection of images related to the term: Lycopodium Selago Images
Lexicographical Neighbors of Lycopodium Selago
Literary usage of Lycopodium selago
Below you will find example usage of this term as found in modern and/or classical literature:
1. Rhodora by New England Botanical Club (1905)
"A CONNECTICUT STATION FOR Lycopodium selago.—In the Gray Herbarium I find a small but well fruited and unmistakable specimen of Lycopodium selago, L.,..."
2. The British Ferns: Or, Coloured Figures and Descriptions, with the Needful...by William Jackson Hooker by William Jackson Hooker (1861)
"LYCOPODIUM Selago; stems four to six inches high, rooting at the base, rigid,... LYCOPODIUM Selago. Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 1665. Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 176. Willd...."
3. Organography of Plants, Especially of the Archegoniata and Spermaphyta by Karl Goebel, Isaac Bayley Balfour (1905)
"This takes place npt infrequently in Lycopodium selago.... They have, like the prothallus of Lycopodium selago, paraphyses, and produce remarkable gemmae..."
4. An Analysis of the British Ferns and Their Allies by George William Francis (1851)
"Lycopodium selago of other botanists. FIG.—EB 233.—Flo. Dan. Wi.—Dill. Mws. t. 56, f. 1. DBS.—Root tufted, fibrous. Stems 2 to 6 inches high, growing quite..."
Other Resources Relating to: Lycopodium selago


Rodney Hughes
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"hughes" family name, ancestry, and history
Meaning: "son of Hugh" & Fire
Origins: Wales, Ireland
Hughes is a patronymic surname of Welsh and Irish origin. Wales - Brythonic Britain In Wales and other Celtic areas of Brythonic Britain, the name derives from the Old Celtic Hu or Huw, meaning "fire" or "inspiration". At the time of the British Census of 1881 [], the relative frequency of the surname Hughes was highest on the Welsh island of Ynys Môn (37.2 times the British average), followed by Gwynedd, Flintshire, Denbighshire, Meirionydd, Montgomeryshire, Ceredigion, Radnorshire and Carmarthenshire. Ireland & Goidelic Britain The surname evolved from the ancient Celt name of Ó hAodha meaning Fire. It's an old Irish name in Gaeltachtaí, which can be Hughes or Hayes.Hughes is the 15th most popular name in Ulster and Northern Ireland although it originates from County Roscommon. It is of similar origin to O'Hea in the Republic of Ireland. It is commonly found in the Counties Wexford, Donegal, Galway and Cork.. There are variant spellings. People with the surname Hughes include: * Aaron Hughes, footballer * Andrew Hughes – many people sharing this name, see separate page * Adam Hughes (born 1967), American illustrator * Alex Hughes, cartoonist * Alexander Minto Hughes, English ska and reggae musician (1945–1998) * Andrew Hughes, footballer * Andy Hughes, electronic music producer * Anthony Hughes (born 1948), English judge * Arthur Hughes (artist) (1831–1915), English painter * Arthur Hughes (actor) (1894–1982), American actor and radio personality * Arwel Hughes, Welsh composer and conductor * Barnard Hughes (1915–2006), American actor * Bettany Hughes (born 1968), English historian * Billy Hughes (1862–1952), seventh Prime Minister of Australia * Brendan Hughes (1948–2008), Irish republican * Brian Hughes (musician) (born 1955), jazz guitarist * Charles Evans Hughes (1862–1948), United States Secretary of State and Chief Justice of the United States * Chrissy Hughes, American figure skater * Christa Hughes, Australian singer * Chuck Hughes (1943–1971), NFL player * David Hughes – many people sharing this name, see separate page * Detrick Hughes (born 1966), American poet * Don B. Hughes (born 1940), Maryland State Delegate * Dorothy B. Hughes (1904–1993), U.S. crime writer * Eddie Hughes (born 1960), American basketball player * Edward Hughes, Catholic priest and exorcist * Edwin Holt Hughes (1866–1950), Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church * Emily Hughes (born 1989), American figure skater * Emlyn Hughes (1947–2004), Liverpool F.C. and England national football team captain * George O. Hughes painter, performance artist, art educator * Glenn Hughes (born 1951), bassist and vocalist * Gregg Hughes (born 1963), better known as "Opie" from the Opie and Anthony radio show * H. Stuart Hughes (1916–1999), American historian, professor and activist * Henry Hughes, nineteenth century British locomotive builder, see Brush Traction * Howard Hughes (1905–1976), American aviator, filmmaker and industrialist * Ian Hughes, Welsh footballer * James Hughes – many people sharing this name, see separate page * Jason Hughes (born 1969), English racing driver * Jesse Hughes – many people sharing this name, see separate page * John Hughes – many people sharing this name, see separate page * R. Kent Hughes, Senior Pastor Emeritus of College Church * Langston Hughes (1902–1967), American poet * Larry Hughes (born 1979), American basketball player for the New York Knicks * Mark Hughes (born 1963), Welsh international footballer and football Manager * Mark Hughes (basketball) (born 1966), American basketball player and coach * Mark Hughes (Emmerdale), fictional character on the ITV soap opera Emmerdale * Mark Hughes (English footballer) (born 1986), English footballer * Mark Hughes (fighter) (born 1973), American mixed martial arts fighter * Mark Hughes (journalist), English Formula One journalist * Mark Hughes (Northern Ireland footballer) (born 1983), Northern Irish footballer * Mark Hughes (politician) (1932–1993), MP for the city of Durham, 1970–1983 * Mark Hughes (rugby league) (born 1976), Australian former professional rugby league player * Mark R. Hughes (1956–2000), American entrepreneur, a founder of Herbalife * Mary Vivian Hughes (1866–1956), British educator and author * Mathew Hughes (1822–1882), Victoria Cross recipient * Matt Hughes (writer) (born 1949), Canadian science fiction writer * Matt Hughes (fighter) (born 1973), American professional mixed martial arts fighter * Matt Hughes (rower) (born 1981), American Olympic rower * Meredydd Hughes, Chief Constable of South Yorkshire Police * Merv Hughes (born 1961), Australian cricketer * Michael Anthony Hughes (1988–1994) abducted elementary school student * Nerys Hughes (born 1941), Welsh actress * Owain Arwel Hughes (born 1942), Welsh orchestral conductor * Paul Hughes (born 1976), English footballer * Peter Hughes – many people sharing this name, see separate page * Phil Hughes (born 1986), American baseball pitcher for the New York Yankees * Rex Hughes, American basketball coach in the NBA * Richard Hughes – many people sharing this name, see separate page * Rick Hughes (born 1973), American basketball player * Robert Hughes – many people sharing this name, see separate page * Ronnie Hughes - Sunbury On Thames legend * Russell S. Hughes (1910–1958), American TV and film screenwriter [] * Sarah Hughes (born 1985), American figure skater and Olympic gold medalist * Sarah T. Hughes (1896–1985), US district judge who administered oath of office to President Lyndon Johnson * Séamus Hughes (born 1952), Irish Fianna Fáil politician * Simon Hughes (born 1951), English politician * Simon Hughes (cricketer) (born 1959), English cricketer and journalist * Simon Pollard Hughes, Jr. (1830–1906), Governor of Arkansas * Stephen Hughes (Scottish footballer) (born 1982), Scottish footballer * Stephen Hughes (English footballer) (born 1976), English footballer * Tanya Hughes (born 1972), American high jumper * Ted Hughes (Edward James Hughes) (1930–1998), English poet * Ted Hughes (judge), Canadian judge * Terry Hughes (disambiguation) * Tim Hughes, Christian worship leader and songwriter * Thomas Hughes – many people sharing this name, see separate page * Tyler Hughes (born 1993), soccer player * Warren Hughes, English racing driver * William Hughes – many people sharing this name, see separate page * Yolanda Hughes, American female bodybuilder
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Date of wing molt initiation, based on the regression of tenth primary length on capture date, was calculated for breeding and nonbreeding Tundra Swans (Cygnus columbianus columbianus) on the Colville River Delta, Alaska. Breeding females initiated wing molt significantly later than breeding males and nonbreeding males and females; the molt of breeding females was correlated with the date on which their eggs hatched. Breeding males did not differ significantly from nonbreeding males and females in the date of molt initiation. Timing of molt in breeding males and females was consistent with the views that females delay molt while replenishing energy spent on reproduction, but was also consistent with the breeding pair's need for primaries to defend territories and to defend and brood young. Other results, including an increase in an index of female body condition throughout most of the molt period, and a positive correlation between clutch size and female hatch-to-molt interval, were not predicted by the hypothesis that past energy expenditures constrain the timing of molt. Patterns of wing molt within and among other Northern Hemisphere geese and swans are also difficult to explain on the basis of energetics alone. For example, breeding females initiate molt before breeding males in many species. Also, there is extreme asynchrony between mates in two swan species; one of those species also exhibits variation in which sex initiates wing molt first. Both patterns suggest that asynchrony, per se, is important, probably to facilitate brood protection or territory defense. In Tundra Swans and other northern breeding geese and swans, the non-energetic demands of territory defense, brood defense, and brooding are probably important constraints on the timing of wing molt.
Additional publication details
The timing of wing molt in tundra swans: energetic and non-energetic constraints


text:
By OBA I DONATUS, CNN
Updated 1034 GMT (1834 HKT) February 21, 2020The 46,000-year-old specimen was identified as a horned lark.
(CNN)Scientists studying the remarkably well-preserved remains of an Ice Age bird have identified the specimen as a horned lark.Buried and frozen in permafrost near the village of Belaya Gora in north-eastern Siberia, the bird was discovered by local fossil ivory hunters, who passed it on to a team of experts, including Nicolas Dussex and Love Dalén from the Swedish Museum of Natural History, for testing.Radiocarbon dating revealed the bird lived around 46,000 years ago, and genetic analysis identified it as a horned lark (Eremophila alpestris), according to a paper published Friday in the journal Communications Biology.Dalén told CNN that research showed the bird may be an ancestor to two subspecies of lark alive today, one in northern Russia and the other on the Mongolian steppe."This finding implies that the climatic changes that took place at the end of the last Ice Age led to formation of new subspecies," he said.The bird was found in north-eastern Siberia at a site which also contained other frozen specimens.The preservation of the bird is explained in large part by the cold of the permafrost, explained Dussex, but this specimen is in extraordinarily good condition."The fact that such a small and fragile specimen was near intact also suggests that dirt/mud must have been deposited gradually, or at least that the ground was relatively stable so that the bird's carcass was preserved in a state very close to its time of death," said Dussex.The next stage of research involves sequencing the bird's entire genome, said Dalén, which will reveal more about its relationship to present day subspecies and estimate the rate of evolutionary change in larks.
Is it a dog or is it a wolf? 18,000-year-old frozen puppy leaves scientists baffledScientists working in the area have also found carcasses and body parts from other animals such as wolves, mammoths and wooly rhinos.Dussex described such findings as "priceless" as they allow researchers to retrieve DNA and sometimes RNA, a nucleic acid present in all living cells."This in turn will open new opportunities to study the evolution of ice age fauna and understand their responses to climate change over the past 50-10 thousands of years ago," added Dussex.The horned lark was discovered at the same site as an 18,000-year-old frozen puppy, which Dalén and Dussex are also studying.Using carbon dating on the creature's rib bone, experts were able to confirm that the specimen had been frozen for around 18,000 years, but extensive DNA tests have so far been unable to show whether the animal was a dog or a wolf.Scientists can normally tell the difference relatively easy, and researchers hope that further tests on the remains will provide more insight into exactly when dogs were domesticated.


Myrtle rust: why local New Zealand species are under threat
Myrtle rust: why local New Zealand species are under threat
Sadly, the discovery of more sites in New Zealand infected with myrtle rust suggests that it is here to stay. Originally from South America, myrtle rust invaded Australia in 2010 and rapidly spread. Botanist Lara Shepherd discusses what Australian scientists have discovered about myrtle rust over the last seven years.
What does myrtle rust infect?
Myrtle rust infects members of the Myrtaceae plant family. The Myrtaceae is Australia's dominant plant family with over 1,600 native species, including over 500 species of Eucalyptus.
Experiments have shown that there is a big range in the vulnerability of different Australian species to myrtle rust infection. Some species are highly susceptible (all individuals infected), other species show no signs of infection.
Resistance to myrtle rust
Resistance to myrtle rust is linked to variation at a number of genes called 'resistance genes'.
Plants which contain these 'resistance genes' are able to defend themselves against infection.
However, most Myrtaceae species show a range of infection rates – within these species there are both gene variants that protect them from myrtle rust as well as gene variants that make them susceptible.
The species that vary in their susceptibility often show differences in infection rates across the landscape with populations in one part of the range more susceptible to infection than populations elsewhere.
This finding emphasises the importance of conserving local populations of native species, even for species that are common with widespread distributions.
Myrtle rust is characterised by yellow pustules. Photograph by Scot Nelson
Myrtle rust is characterised by yellow pustules. Photograph by Scot Nelson
Conserving local populations of native species
Clearing a few hectares of kānuka (like this farmer decided to do) may seem minor, but if the population destroyed harbours the only resistance genes to myrtle rust, or another disease, then the results could be devastating to the long-term survival of the species.
Similarly, creating monocultures using a subset of a species that are selected for some desirable character, such as mānuka that produces high UMF honey, can similarly put a species at risk from new pests and diseases by reducing the overall genetic variation.
Infection trials of nine New Zealand Myrtaceae species in cultivation overseas have shown that all became infected with myrtle rust. But what we don't yet know is whether any of our species contain resistance genes somewhere within their distributions.
Pohutukawa is a striking member of the Myrtaceae family.
Pōhutukawa tree, 2016. Photograph by Skeeze via pixabay. CC0 1.0
Threat to the Bartlett's rātā
Scientists are particularly concerned about the impact that myrtle rust may have on our Bartlett's rātā – there are only 25 individuals remaining in the wild and genetic variation within the species is very limited. If one Bartlett's rātā become infected it is likely that they all will.
 1. I have two different kinds of guava tree growing at home in Auckland. Is guava more suceptible to myrtle rust than other trees? Should they be watched more closely? And removed immediately when infected? How to dispose of infected plants?
 Can photos of different infected species be published across all media, including local newspapers, to get feedback from the public on the occurrence and spread of this over time?
 What is the best way to recognise resistant populations? Repeated general surveys of absence and presence might provide baseline reference points that make it easier to recognise resistance sooner.
 1. Author
 Hi Peter,
 I'm not sure how susceptible guava is to myrtle rust – hopefully you won't find out! If you do notice something on your trees that might be myrtle rust then don't touch it – MPI says to do the following:
 Call the MPI Exotic Pest and Disease Hotline immediately on 0800 80 99 66.
 If you have a camera or phone camera, take clear photos, including the whole plant, the whole affected leaf, and a close-up of the spores/affected area of the plant.
 Don't touch it or try to collect samples as this may increase the spread of the disease.
 Of course their advice may change if myrtle rust becomes widespread. Naturewatch ( would be a great way to track the spread of myrtle rust because photos, the date and location is recorded for each sighting. As of today no one has recorded it on that platform yet.
 In order to test for resistant populations in Australian plants scientists deliberately infected plants in cultivation. This would have required an available source of cultivated plants from a range of locations. I'm not sure if this kind of research is being done in New Zealand.
 2. But what are the effects of Myrtle rust? Does it kill the plant or are the effects different per individual plant or species? What are the effects?
 PS Myrtle Rust, a great name for the main character in a novel.
 1. Author
 Hi Harm,
 According to the Australian Department of Environment and Energy website:
 'The disease can cause deformed leaves, heavy defoliation of branches, reduced fertility, dieback, stunted growth, and plant death.'
 My understanding is that the severity of the effects depends on how susceptible the particular species is. Also seedlings are more likely to die that adults because of all the new growth they have.
 I agree about Myrtle Rust being a great character name – she'd have to be the villan though!
 3. Why is it only found in Nurseries so far, does that imply they swap plants.
 Is the Government going to provide funding to find a cure for it, so far, no plants with the rust samples have been sent to the scientists at Callaghan.
 1. Author
 Not necessarily – myrtle rust likes sheltered damp, warm situations like nurseries. Also the plants are small so the leaves can be checked (not like a 20m tall rata!) and nursery workers have been looking for it. So research has been done by Scion but mostly around identifying Myrtaceae:
 4. Did I miss the media release advising of extra funding for DoC to address this profound risk?
 5. Genetic engineering would answer the question
 1. Not necessarily true, there is actual NATURAL genetic resistance and tolerance in myrtaceae plants to this fungus, as we have seen in Australia over the past 7 years. It will be mch better R&D investment to explore existing resistance genes rather than a blunt costly tool of genetic engineering
 2. Completely agree with Nick on this one Peter – GE is NOT the best response. In 2015 I presented a review of naturally-occurring resistance in forest trees to newly introduced pathogens at the Kauri Dieback symposium held in Hokianga (it's posted on YouTube). Bottom line is resistance virtually always occurs… just not often at high – or even moderate – frequency when the pathogen is a newly introduced pathogen. In fact the first resistance gene in a forest tree species to be characterised was in sugar pine – to western white pine blister rust. Also, GE is very expensive to develop and requires years of R&D to develop suitable plant delivery systems that are sufficiently robust and allow a wide range of genotypes to be transformed. Better off screening for naturally occurring resistance and propagating from those. In the case of Bartletts Rata, if all remaining individuals are susceptible then maybe a gene editing approach using resistance gene sequences from other myrtaceae would be more appropriate than transgenesis.
 6. I worry about spp found in primarily damp habitats, eg the subcanopy rata spp. Just hope that MPI/DOC collecting seed and cuttings from a wide range of habitats of all native Myrtaceae ie many thousands of samples.
 7. Thanks Lara. Very helpful. Sobering examples.
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text:
Adding the Parameter Trigger to a SiteSpect component allows you to use parameters in the URL to match on:
- Parameter Name – Enter the name of the Parameter variable you want to match.
- Parameter Value – Enter the value of the Parameter variable you want to match.
Using Parameters is a standard way to generate dynamic content on web pages and web applications. Parameter names and values (variables) are part of the URL or are sent in the request when an HTML form is submitted. For example, consider the following URL: (e.g., /details.asp?id=5783). In this example, id=5783 are the Parameter Name and Value.
The variables submitted by an HTML form are the input, textarea, button, and other HTML form components in the form source. SiteSpect can use these details to help you define whether a page or page component from your website matches.
To match the Parameter Name and Value, you must complete both the Parameter Name and Parameter Value fields. In addition, both fields must match in order for the Trigger to be met. You probably also want to add a URL Trigger as well (even though SiteSpect doesn't require it), so that you don't ask SiteSpect to check every URL for the specified Parameter Name.
For example, to match the product detail pages for a list of SKUs (2435, 4665, and 5783), use the following:
The following image shows the above example that uses both a URL and a Parameter Trigger. Notice the word AND between them on the page. This means that both conditions must be true in order for this set of Triggers to match.
To match when a Parameter is optional, prefix the Parameter Name with a question-mark (?); the match succeeds if either the variable is not in the request at all or it is in the request and the Parameter Value also matches.
To match when the cart page (/cart.asp) is viewed but not when it is updated use the following:
In addition to the Regex option shown in the figure above, Parameter Triggers allow the following matching options:
- Does not contain
- Starts with
- Does not start with
- Ends with
- Does not end with
- Does not match exactly
- Does not match regex


text:
Definition of Retinitides
1. retinitis [n] - See also: retinitis
Click the following link to bring up a new window with an automated collection of images related to the term: Retinitides Images
Lexicographical Neighbors of Retinitides
Literary usage of Retinitides
Below you will find example usage of this term as found in modern and/or classical literature:
1. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences by Southern Society for Clinical Investigation (U.S.) (1870)
"The retinitides are, therefore, classed as idiopathic inflammations, those forms occurring in consequence of diseases of the kidneys, syphilitic retinitis,..."
2. Annals of Ophthalmology (1917)
"retinitides and diseases of the choroid respond only occasionally to this treatment. The consensus of opinion is that..."
3. Relations of Diseases of the Eye to General Diseases: Forming a by Max Knies (1895)
"... roidal diseases—perhaps preferably chorio-retinitides and retinal affections with decided implication of the external layers of the retina and intact..."


text:
Brix Hydrometers are calibrated to show the percentage of sucrose by weight at 20°C. The Brix Scale is based on the following: 1° Brix = 1° sucrose by weight at the specified temperature (20°C). the data of the National Bureau of Standards are used.
On select Brix Hydrometers with a built-in thermometer, the thermometer scale is located in the body of the hydrometer. All of the thermometers have a rage of 0-50°C with 1° subdivisions. A correction scale for conversion of the Hydrometer Brix reading to it's 20°C value is printed opposite the temperature scale.


Blank canvas reveals its art when you snap a picture of it
Imagine a gallery full of blank canvasses, that instantly turn into art when you take a picture of them. That's the idea behind this art project called Take A Picture,
The turns out that the art is actually under the canvas, where an array of infrared LEDs are arranged to form the picture which could be anything from a winking smiley face to abstract geometric patterns. The trick is that infrared light is invisible to the human eye, but a digital camera's image sensor picks it up and records it as something you can see.
There are no current plans for a gallery show of Take A Picture art, but it would be interesting to see people's reactions when then enter a show full of seemingly blank canvasses.
Take A Picture, via Make


Michelle Jones, Shake Shack
Retail Food Safety Forum
Simple Food Safety Training Combats Turnover
By Michelle Jones
Michelle Jones, Shake Shack
Restaurants must maintain a culture that continuously promotes food safety to empower employees to protect both their customers and their brand.
Retail food establishments face many challenges, and employee retention is one of the major concerns. Employee retention affects scheduling, hiring, and the overall effectiveness of training. Food safety training usually suffers when turnover occurs.
The safety of customers is dependent on an employee's knowledge and execution of the food safety standards that are in place.
The biggest challenge in training in the retail/hospitality industry is the risk that the employee may leave within the first year (or less) of employment. According to Restaurant.org, the average turnover rate for the restaurant/hospitality sector was 66.3% in 2014.1 This turnover rate creates a challenge for maintaining a solid food safety culture.
Restaurants can take proactive steps to create and maintain a food safety culture that is always visible to new and current employees by adopting various techniques.
Signage Is Your Friend
Signage throughout your restaurant is a great way to continuously relay a food safety message without confining employees to a computer or module-based system. This signage should be simple, sometimes playful and right to the point. An employee or manager takes roughly 30 seconds, on average, to read a message, so the shorter the better.
Visual signage is always a great tool to use in the back of house to relay food safety standards (e.g., proper cooking temperatures, order of storing food in coolers, etc.). Signage (photos specifically) may also assist employees who may not communicate in English proficiently. A picture is worth a thousand words, so utilize photos, cartoons or captions in order to relay the message.
Target the Leader
A quality assurance/food safety team should focus its training on the leaders of a region and/or district. Managers have more incentive to stay with companies longer; therefore, food safety training will be retained for a longer period. They may also visit their locations more frequently than the food safety professional, which gives them additional contact with the restaurant-level staff.
To assist these managers in their communication and verification of standards, compose a customized checklist for them to complete during a restaurant visit. The checklist should fulfill the following:
 1. Highlight the top opportunities they seek out (hand washing, sanitizer concentration, etc.)
 2. Provide the proper corrective action to eliminate the opportunities
 3. Considers their time. A manager does not have the ability to complete a five-page checklist. Keep it simple—just the facts!
If these managers are well versed on food safety and sanitation and procedures, they will be able to hold their restaurants to a higher level of compliance. So provide them with all of the tools they need to communicate to their employees.
Informed Employees Are Powerful Employees
Creating newsletters or publications serve as a great tool to keep employees informed of food safety policies. These articles can highlight trends in your company and new products available for use (i.e., chemicals, thermometers, etc.).
By law, every restaurant must have an area where employee information is listed (minimum wage, disability rights, etc.). This board is the perfect place to post your publication.
In conclusion, keeping employees trained on proper food safety standards is the best way to ensure your customers are safe and your brand is protected. Implementing various forms of communication of these standards will create a strong foundation for an excellent food safety culture to exist.
 1. National Restaurant Association. Hospitality employee turnover rose in 2014. March 11, 2015.
 1. Ken Ward
 Nice job Michelle. You make a fellow K-Stater proud. Hope you are doing well. I'm on my glide path to retirement, another 14 months if everything goes well.
 2. Geraldo
 Good suggestion. We meet recently Michelle when you visit food plant facility in the Boston area. The turnover does affect food safety culture.
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🧮 Fuel Economy
Miles per Gallon to Kilometer per Liter
The fuel economy conversion of 50 miles per gallon is ~21.258503401361 kilometer per liter.
|Miles per Gallon||Kilometer per Liter|
Fuel efficiency is a form of thermal efficiency, meaning the ratio from effort to result of a process that converts chemical potential energy contained in a carrier (fuel) into kinetic energy or work. Overall fuel efficiency may vary per device, which in turn may vary per application, and this spectrum of variance is often illustrated as a continuous energy profile. Non-transportation applications, such as industry, benefit from increased fuel efficiency, especially fossil fuel power plants or industries dealing with combustion, such as ammonia production during the Haber process.


Programming Catch % Calculator
Discussion in 'Technical Projects' started by Corpsecreate, Nov 4, 2010.
 1. Corpsecreate
 Nov 4, 2010
 Hey all. So I had a look on the formulas that dealt with the chance of catching Pokemon and man it seemed pretty nasty. So I wrote up a program (in Java) that combines all those evil formulas into a compact easy-to-use program. The program isnt' 100% complete as of yet (although in its current state it pretty much does everything thats needed) and so I am looking for constructive criticism. If you see something you dont like, tell me why you dont like it and what suggestions you may have for improvement and I'll see if I can add that in.
 It can be downloaded here. (You will need Java installed).
 And now for a little bit of explanation about some of the features of the program that may be either confusing or go unnoticed.
 1. You can click the visible HP bar to automatically set the HP % depending on where you click. The HP bar reflects the 3 colors depending how much HP the enemy has left (Green, Yellow, Red).
 2. You can click the Mew/Pikachu pictures to play a sound effect. The Pikachu has a 1/5 chance of making an alternate sound while the Mew has a 1/8192 (chance of a shiny pokemon) chance of playing a "THIS IS SPARTA" sound file. See if you can get it!
 3. The "Capture Rate" Text Field is sometimes written in green and other times is written in red. It is written in green when the number in the field matches the catch rate of the Pokemon you have selected and is colored red when they do not match. The catch rate of the selected Pokemon is always right next to the Pokemon name as a reminder.
 4. You can hover your mouse over most labels to get a short description of what it means.
 5. Catch Confidence and Desired Chance are a little bit more difficult to understand what they mean so I will describe them here in a bit more detail.
 Catch Confidence - This percentage is how confident you want to be that you will catch the Pokemon after some number of attempts. The "Throws Needed" label ties in directly with this percentage. So for example, if you have a 50% chance of catching the Pokemon and you set the Catch Confidence to 75%, the number of throws needed to reach that confidence would be the number of times you would need to attempt capture (at 50% chance each time) before the effective percentage after that number of tries reaches 75%. In mathematics this is known as Binomial Probability.
 Desired Chance - This percentage is what you want your catch chance to be. The "Maximum HP" label ties in directly with this percentage. Now you may ask, "Why would I ever put a number other than 100%?". The reason is because you may be happy with having only a 90% or 95% chance of capture or because a 100% chance on that particularly Pokemon is not achievable (the displayed Maximum HP value will be a negative number when this is the case).
 So let say you have a Pidgey that you want to catch with 100% chance and you plan on using an ultra ball. According to the program, at full HP you will only have a a 66.66% chance of capture however the Maximum HP number thats displayed says 75%. This means that when the Pidgey has 75% of its health left, you will now have a 100% chance of capture and any more damage done to it will be useless. You can click the Maximum HP value to automatically set the Pokemons HP to that percentage.
 6. Heavy Balls are the only balls that does not have a multiplier. Instead it acts as an addition to the Pokemons catch rate. A general rule on when to use a Heavy Ball is this.
 if HeavyBallBonus is greater than CatchRate*(BallMultiplier-1) then its better to use a Heavy Ball.
 Where the BallMultiplier is the multiplier of the alternative ball that you could use in place of the Heavy Ball. In general, Heavy Balls are only useful on any legendaries that weigh more than 451.5 lbs.
 Now guys I'm no programming master, I'm more of a mathematician if anything so there may be some features that I'm unable to put in but I will do my best :)
 Things to do:
 1. Add these explanations within the program somewhere.
 2. Duck92
 Jul 1, 2009
 Assuming this is in C++...
 Create a visual form, and pop all the data in a text box. Name it Info.
 _TAG_ "Info.h"
 Add to the header of the file launched (Probably main, or Form1)
 Add this for the button script:
 Info Form1;
 if(Form1.ShowDialog() == System::Windows::Forms::DialogResult::OK)
 Good Luck. (I'm assuiming you're using Visual C++.)
 If in the slightest chance, you're using vB.net
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Code of Virginia
Code of Virginia
Title 18.2. Crimes and Offenses Generally
Chapter 9. Crimes Against Peace and Order
§ 18.2-406. What constitutes an unlawful assembly; punishment.
Whenever three or more persons assembled share the common intent to advance some lawful or unlawful purpose by the commission of an act or acts of unlawful force or violence likely to jeopardize seriously public safety, peace or order, and the assembly actually tends to inspire persons of ordinary courage with well-grounded fear of serious and immediate breaches of public safety, peace or order, then such assembly is an unlawful assembly. Every person who participates in any unlawful assembly shall be guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor. If any such person carried, at the time of his participation in an unlawful assembly, any firearm or other deadly or dangerous weapon, he shall be guilty of a Class 5 felony.
Code 1950, §§ 18.1-254.1, 18.1-254.3; 1968, c. 460; 1971, Ex. Sess., c. 251; 1975, cc. 14, 15.


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High Flying Bugs
Have you ever wondered what altitude insects reach when flying in the sky? Although there is much to be learned about insect physiology and how it handles high altitudes, scientists have developed a few techniques that help determine the height that certain insects can reach.
By putting bumblebees into a chamber that mimics high altitudes researchers found that bumblebees can reach altitudes as high a mount everest, which is almost 30,000 feet. This is an impressive height when you consider that the highest flying bird reaches 37,000 feet. Flies and butterflies can even reach heights of just under 20,000 feet.
However, higher altitudes means thinner air, and that means that flying insects will have to flap their wings much faster since the small amount of molecules in the air make it harder for wings to take advantage of lift. But the bumblebees will change the way they flap their wings to adapt to the change in oxygen. By studying the way insects fly at high altitudes we can learn more about engineering mechanisms of human flight.
Do you think that learning about how insects fly at extremely high altitudes could help humans develop more sophisticated airborne vehicles?
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Hygrometer & Thermometer with external sensor
Need to know the temperature in your mushroom grow room? Get this Hygrometer and Thermometer. It measures humidity from 20% up to 99% RH. Temperature in and outdoors and in Celsius and Fahrenheit. Now, you know exactly when humidity and temperature is right for the pinning of your mushrooms
Disponibilidad: Sin existencias
Measure Humidity, Temperature and Time! This three essential factors in mushroom cultivation are now under your control. The External sensor makes it possible to measure the humidity inside the grow bag.
- Measures both temperature and humidity.
- Maximum and minimum button to review highest and lowest temperatures.
- Digital clock time displayed
- Hourly and daily alarm clock
- Large clear temperature mad humidity display
Notice: Do not put the product inside a grow bag or very humid spot! Can be used in bigger environments.
|SKU (Número de Referencia)||acc-hgtm|
|No enviar a:||No hay restricciones conocidas:|


MultiMarkdown footnotes in TextMate
Earlier this week, there was a thread on the TextMate mailing list about creating footnotes in text files. It was suggested that MultiMarkdown had a good footnote implementation and that my reference link macro/command/snippet system could be modified to make MultiMarkdown footnotes. As I was going to be spending some downtime this week flying and sitting in airports, I told the list I'd work it out and get back to them. So, thanks to a couple-hour delay at O'Hare, here it is.
The MultiMarkdown way of making footnotes follows the method described in this Markdown mailing list thread. It is apparently the format favored by John Gruber when he writes his Daring Fireball posts even though it hasn't made its way into his version of Markdown yet. Basically, you stick [^x] at the point you want the footnote marker to appear, and [^x]: footnote text at the bottom of the document. The "x" between the square brackets can be any string of characters. The format is basically the same as that for reference-style links, but with the addition of the caret character (^), which cleverly suggests the superscript commonly used for footnote markers.
As with the reference-style link system, the footnote-making system consists of a command that inserts a snippet and a macro that calls the command.
First, we create a new command called "Footnote" in the Markdown category of the Bundle editor and insert the following Perl code:
use List::Util qw(max);
$text = $text. "\n" unless substr($text, -1) eq "\n";
# Get the highest-numbered footnote.
_USER_ = $text =~ /^\[\^fn(\d+)\]: /mg;
$n = max(_USER_) + 1;
# Escape special characters.
$text =~ s/([\$\\'])/\\$1/g;
# Insert the snippet.
print '[^${1:fn'. $n. '}]$0'.
 $text. '[^$1]: ${2:footnote}'. "\n\n";
This command assumes that all the text is selected from the point at which the footnote marker is to appear to the end of the file (that's the $ENV{'TM_SELECTED_TEXT} part). Your Bundle Editor window should look like this:
(Click on the screenshot to see it full-sized.)
We now create a macro that makes that selection and calls the command. Start with a file that has some text and a couple of blank lines at the end. Then:
 1. Put the caret somewhere in the text. (At this point it doesn't really matter where, but to get a feel of how the macro will work, you'll probably want to put it where you want the footnote marker to appear.)
 2. Choose Start Macro Recording from the Automation menu.
 3. Press Command-Shift-Downarrow to select all the text from the caret to the end of the document.
 4. Invoke the Footnote command by choosing it from the little gear-like popup menu along the bottom of the TextMate window.
 5. Choose Stop Macro Recording from the Automation menu.
 6. Click anywhere in the document to deselect the footnote marker and interrupt the snippet.
 7. Press Command-Z to undo the snippet.
At this point, it's probably best to test out the macro a few times by choosing Replay Scratch Macro from the Automation menu. When you're convinced it's working, choose Save Scratch Macro… from the Automation menu and save it with the name "Footnote" in the Markdown section. Use whatever Tab Trigger or Key Equivalent you like (I chose a Key Equivalent of Control-F) and set the Scope Selector to "text.html.markdown." Your Bundle Editor window should now look like this:
To use the macro, put the caret where you want the footnote marker to appear and invoke the macro. The footnote marker, [^fn1], will appear at the caret position with the "fn1" selected and [^fn1]: footnote will appear at the bottom of the document. You can now type a new marker or just hit the Tab key to change the selection to the "footnote" text. When you're done changing the footnote text another press of the Tab key will move the caret back to the end of the footnote marker. If you left the footnote marker as "fn1," the next time you invoke the macro, the marker will be "fn2," and the time after that it will be "fn3," and so on. Please note that, as with the leading number in ordered list items, the number in your marker may not be the number that shows up in the HTML output.
There are two oddities you may be wondering about:
 1. Why [^fn1] and [^fn2] instead of just [^1] and [^2]?
 2. Why is there a blank line after each footnote?
The simple answer to both these questions is that MultiMarkdown won't work otherwise. I haven't looked into the code to see why, but MultiMarkdown doesn't recognize footnote markers with just a single digit after the caret. And it also gets confused by multiple footnotes unless they're separated by a blank line. My first thought is that restrictions are bugs in the implementation, but maybe there's a good reason for them.
One more thing. If you start using footnotes and processing them through MultiMarkdown, you'll soon find you need to create a "footnote" class in your CSS stylesheet. Otherwise, the footnote numbers will not be superscripted. And you'll have to create a "reversefootnote" class if you want the footnotes themselves to have a different style (e.g., a smaller font size) than the regular body text.
Happy footnoting!


Date: _PHONE_
Language: French
Origin: alarme, from Old Italian all' arme 'to the weapon'
1 noun
a‧larm1 S2
1 [countable]DT a piece of equipment that makes a loud noise to warn you of danger
a burglar/fire/smoke alarm
I forgot to set the burglar alarm.
He set off the alarm (=made it start ringing) by accident.
The fire alarm's going off (=it is ringing).
a sophisticated alarm system
2 [uncountable] a feeling of fear or worry because something bad or dangerous might happen
alarm at
There is growing alarm at the increase in crime.
in alarm
She looked up in alarm.
Scientists have said there is no cause for alarm.
3TMC [countable] an alarm clock:
I've set the alarm for 7 o'clock.
I was still asleep when the alarm went off.
raise/sound the alarm
especially British English to warn people that something bad is happening:
Neighbours raised the alarm when they smelled smoke.
alarm bells ring
if alarm bells ring, you feel worried that something bad may be happening:
Alarm bells started to ring when he failed to return home.
Explore CHRONOLOGY Topic


Currency of Malaysia: Malaysian ringgit, today's rate RM
The Malaysian Ringgit is the currency of Malaysia. The code of Malaysian ringgit is MYR. We use RM as symbol of Malaysian ringgit. The Malaysian Ringgit is divided in 100 sens. MYR is regulated by Central Bank of Malaysia.
Did you know:
More information: currency converter.
The ringgit of Malaysia
«Ringgit» means «lacy» and refers to the pieces of Spanish coins that circulated in the region during Spanish colonization. 1 ringgit is divided into 100 sen.
Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj ibni Almarhum Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah, more commonly known as «Tunku», was the first prime minister, and up until now the most important one, from 1957 to 1970. This is why Malaysia honors him on the front of all banknotes of the country, where he is features in traditional dress.
On the back, Malaysia presents its economic and technological pride: oil rigs on the 50-ringgit note, the Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur on the 5-ringgit note, and even its train, its airline, and its commercial boats on the 10-ringgit note. Despite a very deeply-rooted ancestrally traditional culture, Malaysia doesn't have many ancient or ruined monuments like in Thailand or Indonesia, so they had to create them themselves.
Exchange rate of Malaysian ringgit, currency of Malaysia
1 Malaysian ringgits
10 Malaysian ringgits
5 Malaysian ringgits
50 Malaysian ringgits
100 Malaysian ringgits
Malaysian ringgits
Currency Of Malaysia
flag MYR


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How do I add a filter to a profile?
Constructing a filter in Urchin requires careful attention to detail. This is important for both performance reasons and to ensure that the filter behaves in a predictable manner. Urchin uses POSIX regular expression for specifying filter patterns, which are quite robust but can also be rather complex. Specifying a regular expression filter pattern incorrectly may not only generate the wrong results, but may significantly increase Urchin log processing times; perhaps as much as an order of magnitude.
Tips for Filtering
The general rule of thumb with filters is "the simpler, the better". Each filter you add increases processing time. Complex filtering patterns also increase processing time.
 1. Use as simple a pattern as possible that matches only what you are trying to filter. For instance, if you want to filter out "googlebot" in the Browsers, just put "googlebot" as the filter pattern, not ".*googlebot.*".
 2. Whenever possible, use a single filter with multiple patterns instead of multiple separate filters. As an example, if you want to filter out PDF files, Flash files, and MPEGs from your Top Pages reports, use a filter pattern of "\.pdf|\.swf|\.mpeg" instead of creating a separate filter for each.
 3. Remember to escape regular expression metacharacters (see below) by preceding them with a backslash if you are using those specific characters are part in your pattern. For example, the dot "." character is a regular expression metacharacter. Therefore, if you want to filter out an IP address you need to specify the filter pattern as "127\.0\.0\.1" instead of "".
Getting Started
Before you begin, you may want to have a copy of your web log file accessible so you can determine exactly how to construct the filter. Why is this important? During report processing, when Urchin invokes the filter you've added, it will attempt to make an exact match between your filter pattern and content found in the log file. So, knowing exactly how the content is displayed in the log file is essential when building the filter.
If you do not have direct access to the log file, you may be able to gather similar information by reviewing content in the report without any filter added. For example, the Pages and Referrals reports often contain enough detailed information to build filters from. However, some information is still not available such as query strings resulting from dynamically generated web pages. That information is available only from the log file.
NOTE: Once the filter is applied, it will only affect the reports processed "after" it is added. Any existing data will not be affected by the filter. Applying a filter to existing reports requires clearing that data and reprocessing the log files.
There are 3 primary components to an Urchin filter.
 1. Filter Type: This determines whether Urchin is to include or exclude specific data from the report, and in some cases (Dynamic URL) how the information will be displayed in the report. If you select "Include Pattern" Urchin will ONLY include log file entries that contain the pattern or patterns you tell it to include in the report.
 2. Filter Field: Determines which field in the log file Urchin should apply the filter to. If you are unsure which field to select, review section below titled "Filter Field Definitions by Log Format Type."
 3. Filter Pattern: Contains the string of characters Urchin will try and match from the log file during processing. Filter patterns applied to the URI-Stem(W3C) or Request(NCSA) field should be written exactly as they appear in the log file. Or, you may truncate the pattern in some cases. All other patterns are subject to POSIX regular expression rules. That means that certain characters will be interpreted differently than they appear. For example a dot "." means "match any single character." A full list of these expressions can be found at the bottom of this article.
Filter Field Definitions by Log Format Type:
NCSA Extended Combined Format (Apache)
Urchin Report ViewUrchin Filter Field
Visitors/Sessions Remote Host
Pages Request(NCSA)
Tracking/Usernames Username
Referrals Referrer
Domains Remote Host
Browsers User-Agent
Windows W3C Format
Urchin Report ViewUrchin Filter Field
Visitors/Sessions IP Address
Pages URI-Stem
Tracking/Usernames Username
Referrals Referrer
Domains IP Address
Browsers User-Agent
Sample Filters:
Filtering OUT personal IP address from Windows W3C log files
Filter Type: Exclude Pattern
Filter Field: IP Address
Filter Pattern: 63\.212\.171\.5
Filtering OUT robots from NCSA or W3C log files
Filter Type: Exclude Pattern
Filter Field: User-Agent
Filter Pattern: bot|Bot|BOT|Robot|robot|Crawl|crawl
Filtering IN content from support directory from NCSA logs
Filter Type: Include Pattern
Filter Field: Request (NCSA)
Filter Pattern: /support/
POSIX Regular Expression list:
Character Meaning
. Match any single character
* Match zero or more of the previous item
+ Match one of more of the previous item
? Match zero or one of the previous item
( ) Remember contents of parenthesis as item
[ ] Match one item in this list
- Create a range in a list
| Or
^ Match to the beginning of the line
$ Match to the end of the line
\ Escapes any of the above (when preceding wild card)


What Is the Material PEVA? Why the peva lining of cooler bag is eco-friendly.
- Apr 20, 2018-
What Is the Material PEVA?
PEVA is a biodegradable, non-chlorinated vinyl which is commonly used in shower curtains, plastic wrap for food and sports padding. It is also called polyethylene vinyl acetate, or ethylene vinyl acetate.
PEVA is a safe alternative to using PVC shower curtains that can give off many volatile organic compounds which can be toxic, for the first month after removing it from its packaging. PEVA can also be used as a drug delivery device, when it is mixed with a drug and implanted, in order to slowly release the drug compound into the body in time. Top-of-the-line soccer cleats, boxing gloves, ski boots and bicycle saddles are also common uses of PEVA, too.


text:
The Space IL organization has set an ambitious goal for itself – to send an Israeli spaceprobe to the moon in 2015. The project received significant backing on Monday when the Bezeq telecommunications company announced it had signed on.
Bezeq will provide the advanced communications infrastructure needed for the spaceflight and also support Space IL's educational activities.
The vessel will weigh less than 140 kilograms (308 pounds), making it the smallest spacecraft ever to land on the moon.
Space IL hopes the project will demonstrate ground-breaking technological capabilities in the field of building miniature smart spacecraft, which cost about a tenth of typical spacecraft.
Bezeq will be responsible for the probe's transmissions from the moon to a control center in the city of Yehud, in central Israel.
"This remarkable cooperation will enable us to meet the tremendous technological challenge and inspire the young generation," Space IL chairman Yanki Margalit said of Bezeq's support.
Space IL is a non-profit group set up by Israeli space enthusiasts to take part in the international Google Lunar X PRIZE competition. According to the Google Lunar X PRIZE website, a $30 million prize will be given to the first privately funded team that lands a robot on the moon, has the robot travel 500 meters on the lunar surface and sends back video, images and other data to Earth.
"We are motivated by a mission: to reinvigorate the Israeli start-up nation by undertaking a challenging task that will ignite the imagination of the country's young generation," Space IL's website says. "Driven by a national mission to advance Israel's scientific and technological fields, Space IL is determined to push ingenuity further than ever before."


text:
Real-time calculation of total light interception in crop canopy
Daily total PAR interception is divided into three scales: organ, plant and canopy, and the core is organ scale calculation. Calculation of total intercepted PAR could be combined with photosynthetic rate parameter to study the relation between photosynthesis efficiency and production of specified canopy, after that, further analysis of agricultural production decisions may be carried out.
- Authors retain copyright and grant the Conference organisers right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this proceedings volume.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the proceeding's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this proceedings volume.


Quick Answer: Are Snakes Legal In Japan?
You can bring animals like snakes, parrots, and parakeets and keep them as pets.
However, some species are targeted, so be careful.
Can you have a pet monkey in Japan?
Animals and pets. Every pet has its own life. Animals that could attack people such as medium-size monkeys, raptorial birds (eagles and hawks), crocodiles and snakes are categorized as specified animals. If you wish to keep one as a pet, you are required to obtain permission from the Governor of Tokyo.
What kind of pets can you have in Japan?
5 Animals That are Popular Pets in Japan
 - Dogs. Dogs are very popular in Japan, and you are able to get them from almost any pet shops.
 - Cats. Cats are also very popular in Japan because the owner does not need to take a time to take care of them so much compared to dogs.
 - Fish. Fish are also very popular as pet in Japan.
 - Birds.
 - Rabbits.
What snakes are in Japan?
There are three species of poisonous snake in Japan: the Japanese keelpack, the habu and mamushi. The Japanese keelpack(yamakagashi) has distinctive yellow, red and black markings and can be as thick as a man's arm.
Why do so many Japanese people have pets?
Because of the declining birthrate and aging population in Japan, there are an increasing number of households in Japan with pets and no children. Since some families have no children, they instead pamper and lavish their pets like they would do their own children. Pets in Japan are not only for companionship.
Can you have a pet fox in Japan?
Bringing a dog/cat/fox/raccoon/skunk
Dogs and cats brought from outside Japan are quarantined and kept in quarantine facilities. The period of quarantine can vary from 12 hours to 180 days. For more information about importing the domestic animals, check our article about moving with pets to Japan.
Can you own a raccoon in Japan?
Not surprisingly, it is now illegal to import raccoons to Japan. It's also important to look at the cause of Japan's raccoon importation specifically: a pet craze.
Do Japanese like dogs?
Although Japan's crowded environment makes for a not so pet-friendly country, Japanese have found ways to incorporate their pets into their everyday lives. Although small dogs are preferred, one of the most popular dog breeds in Japan is the Shiba Inu, which can grow to be two feet tall and weigh up to 25 pounds.
Can I buy a dog in Japan?
If you are living in Japan temporarily, animal rights advocates advise you not to buy or even adopt a pet while here. Instead, volunteer at adoption fairs, play with dogs and cats at shelters on weekends, and donate to an animal charity.
How do you say dog in Japanese?
Japanese word for dog is inu – YouTube.


3
second = 5
third = asdf
first = 4
second = 5
third = asdf
first = 5
second = 5
third = asdf
Nifty, I know.
Wrapped Subroutines
Aside from currying, it is possible to have fun with subroutines in another manner: by defining a function wrapper that is executed when sub is called. Wrappers basically allow you to write fairly polymorphic/generic functions, and wrap them with a specific functionality using full Perl 6. It's important to note though, that this wrap actually modifies the function itself; it doesn't return you an anonymous function in a Scalar or somesuch (we'll get to this in a sec.)
All Routine's have a.wrap method. It expects one argument of type Code (a block of code, essentially.) This parameter may have the special expressions callsame,callwith, nextsame and nextwith within it. These all call the original Routine, but you may specify different parameters, etc..
pugs> sub wrapexample($a) {
....> say 'in middle; value passed == '~$a;
....> }
pugs> wrapexample "asdf";
in middle; value passed == asdf
pugs> $h = &wrapexample.wrap({say 'beginning'; callwith(42); say 'end';});
pugs> wrapexample "asdf";
in middle; value passed == 42
The id returned by a.wrap method can later be used to.unwrap the method. A call to.wrap replaces the previous routine definition with what you supply as your Code block, and you may have multiple wraps. Therefore, it's wise to get the return value of.wrap so you may unwrap it later:
pugs> &wrapexample.unwrap($h);
pugs> wrapexample "asdf";
in middle; value passed == asdf
(addendum: so far,.wrap doesn't work like above on pugs r16525; ergo, the above is fabricated, but accurate. It is however documented in S06 and will most likely be implemented sometime in the near future [hopefully.])
Well, in this article I roughly covered subroutines in Perl 6. There're quite a few changes, so you need to adjust to them; none are too daring to accept, however. Next round, I think we'll cover Object-orientation in Perl 6, before moving to Grammars and rules.
Dave Rolsky said...
It's tenets, not tenants. Perl 6 is not a building full of people.
riffraff said...
I think a clarification is needed in the text: "if you do not define parameters explicitly, they will be given as read-only (just copies, not a reference) in _USER_:" shouuld be "if you don't define them as read-write". See S06.
In current pugs though, it will work partly:
sub f($a) {$a++} # raise an error
sub f($a is rw) {$a++} _TAG_ as expected
sub f(_USER_) {_USER_++} # does side effect but should not, I believe
Ben said...
Should definitely think about covering macros too at some point. I played around with them on Pugs a few months ago and they were working then so I'm sure they're suitable material for this series.
austin seipp said...
_USER_: It's on the to-do list, so don't worry. :)
Right now I'm thinking of an interlude however, to look at more functional examples of Perl 6. But Macro's are going to be covered at one point or another.
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This is a practical question that was asked on a correspondence chess site. The site struggles with chess engine users, who are considered cheaters. The method people use to determine whether someone is a cheater is this. Take a large enough number $x$ of games the person has played; analyze them with an engine (starting from the point where the game leaves online chess databases, whose use is allowed) and find the average match-up rates, for example:
 - 1st choice - 50% match-up rate,
 - 2nd choice - 65% match-up rate,
 - 3rd choice - 80% match-up rate,
where the first number is the ratio $$\frac{\text{the number of analyzed moves that are considered best by the engine}}{\text{the number of analyzed moves}},$$
the second number is the ratio $$\frac{\text{the number of analyzed moves that are considered best or second best by the engine}}{\text{the number of analyzed moves}},$$
and the third number is found in a similar way.
The question is how large $x$ must be in order for these numbers to approximate the overall match-up rates well.
I think the right way to ask this question more precisely is to fix a small error $\varepsilon$ and a small probability $p$, and ask how large $x$ must be for the probability of the actual error exceeding $\varepsilon$ to be less than $p$.
I did do a course in statistics, but I remember almost nothing of it. Could you help me with this?
share|improve this question
Your question is not entirely clear. Is it correct that "analyzed moves" refers only to moves that the suspected cheater has actually played, while "considered best by the engine" means the unique move found best by the engine among the options at that point in play? So as an extreme case, if the cheater just was using the engine blindly, the first number would be 100% (and the other a fortiori also). The idea is that if a player is doing very well (by the engine's standards), then it must be a cheater. At least in cycling this appears to be fairly sound reasoning. – Marc van Leeuwen Nov 16 '12 at 14:32
Don't you get into trouble when there is a long sequence of exchanges? Then every move is obvious to a human and computer: would they be flagged as cheaters? – Fixee Nov 16 '12 at 15:09
_USER_ Yes, that's what I meant. – Bartek Nov 17 '12 at 13:03
_USER_ Well, the idea is to analyze many games, not just one. The match-up rates are hoped to become more and more meaningful as the number of analyzed games grows. – Bartek Nov 17 '12 at 13:06
1 Answer 1
up vote 6 down vote accepted
Binomial or multinomial models will not work well in practise here, and you need to do some serious empirical work to get good tests for detecting cheaters. The problem is that chess players do not have fixed probabilities for choosing the computer's recommendations. In particular, if the computer considers one move to be much stronger than all other alternatives, then it is much more likely that a human player will arrive at the same conclusion.
Ken Regan at the University of Buffalo has done some serious work on this question, which you can read about on his home page.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


7 Steps to Repairing Rotting Trim
Shannon Lee
Rotted trim can happen to any home, no matter the age. All it takes is the proper balance of moisture and warmth trapped against wood, and even the sturdiest lumber can fall victim to the elements. Rot damage to trim should be repaired promptly, before the situation gets even worse.
Repairing Rot Damage the Easy Way
These seven easy step-by-step instructions can help you stop the water damage in its tracks:
 1. Find the rot. Inspect your house with a simple screwdriver in hand. Look at windowsills, joints, and end grain. Push your screwdriver against the wood--if it sinks in, you've got rot that needs to be removed. Cracked or blistering paint, discoloration, and the presence of algae are all other telltale signs of water damage.
 2. Pull it out. Using a sharp-edged tool, dig out the area that has rotted. Cut away a section of the old wood to prepare for the replacement. If you are using a Dutchman repair, make sure the cuts are smooth and straight, to allow for very tight joints.
 3. Prepare the piece. Choose a piece of wood that fits perfectly into the area you just removed. A very tight fit is important to prevent further water damage in the joint. Make sure the piece fits well by testing it several times.
 4. Prepare the glue. Because polyurethane glue reacts with water to form a tighter seal, dampen the clean surfaces before applying the glue. Always follow the directions on the label.
 5. Set the patch. Drill pilot holes into the piece of replacement wood, then attach it to the area with long screws that you have driven to just below the surface of the wood. Be careful not to disturb the glue as you do this! It can be very difficult to remove from tools or your skin.
 6. Sand down the glue. As the glue cures, it foams up, filling in all the cracks and joints. But it can also seep out around the repaired area. When it does, use sandpaper to sand it down level with the wood. For significant areas of glue foaming, use a chisel or block plane to remove the excess.
 7. Finish up. Cover the screw heads with putty for a uniform finish, and then repaint the wood to match the surrounding area. And that's it! If you take your time with the job, no one will ever notice the rot damage repair and you have the peace of mind of stopping water damage in its tracks.
About the Author
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Hi all.
I have the following setting: $A, B$ are $\mathbb{Z}$-modules (in my case, $B$ is free and finitely generated) and i have a $\mathbb{Z}$-bilinear map $\phi:A \times B \mapsto \mathbb{Z}$. Now i want to do an "extension" of scalars, meaning that i take an arbitrary commutative ring $R$ with unit ($\mathbb{F}_p$ for example), then there is a unique $R$-bilinear form $\Phi : (A \otimes R) \times (B \otimes R) \mapsto \mathbb{Z} \otimes R$ satisfying $\Phi((a \otimes r), (b \otimes r')) = \phi(a, b) r r'$.
The question now is: if $\phi$ is perfect (meaning that the maps $A \mapsto d_{\mathbb{Z}}(B), a \mapsto \phi(a, \cdot)$ and $B \mapsto d_{\mathbb{Z}}(A), b \mapsto \phi(\cdot, b)$ where $d_R(\cdot) = Hom_{R}(\cdot, R)$ are bijective), is this also true for $\Phi$ with $R$ in place of $\mathbb{Z}$?
I already know that non-degeneracy alone is not sufficient, if we take a lattice $L = \mathbb{Z} x$ and the bilinear form $\phi(x,x) = p$ and then tensor with $\mathbb{F}_p$, this gives $\Phi(x \otimes \overline{1}, x \otimes \overline{r}) = p = 0 \mod p$ so that $\Phi$ is degenerate.
The result was true if $A, B$ and $R$ were vector spaces over a field (see the reference in Optimal reference for tensor product of symmetric bilinear forms?) but does this generalize to the module setting?
Best and thanks,
Fabian Werner
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1 Answer 1
up vote 2 down vote accepted
As long as your $B$ is free and finitely generated, $A$, being isomorphic to $d_{\mathbb Z}(B)$, is also free on the same number of generators. Fix free generators $a_i$ for $A$ and $b_i$ for $B$. Perfectness of $\phi$ will make the matrix with entries $\phi(a_i,b_j)$ have determinant 1. That determinant will remain 1 after you extend scalars, and so $\phi$ will remain perfect.
share|improve this answer
Aw, yes, this is certainly true... But what happens if none of them if finitely generated, does it still remain true? – Fabian Werner Jan 11 '12 at 18:34
_USER_ : There are counterexamples : take $A=\prod_{n \in \mathbf{N}} \mathbf{Z}$ and $B=\bigoplus_{n \in \mathbf{N}} \mathbf{Z}$. The pairing $A \times B \to \mathbf{Z}$ given by $(a_n),(b_n)\mapsto \sum_{n \in \mathbf{N}} a_n b_n$ is perfect (surprising, but true, see here : _URL_.pdf). After tensoring with $\mathbf{F}_p$ the pairing becomes $\prod_{n \in \mathbf{N}} \mathbf{F}_p \times \bigoplus_{n \in \mathbf{N}} \mathbf{F}_p \to \mathbf{F}_p$ which cannot be perfect because of dimension reasons. – François Brunault Jan 12 '12 at 10:51
Since Francois cited a paper on which I'm a co-author, I should point out that this paper is not the original source for the result but merely quotes it. The perfectness of that pairing is, as far as I know, due to Ernst Specker in 1950. (Reinhold Baer had related results earlier, but I don't think he had this one.) Also note that this perfect pairing becomes imperfect when tensored with any field, for the same reason Francois gave. – Andreas Blass Jan 12 '12 at 16:34
Thanks for the precisions. Also relevant is the previous MO post mathoverflow.net/questions/10239/… – François Brunault Jan 12 '12 at 17:08
Hmm, i wonder what happens when they are general $R$-modules ($R$ not necessarily a PID), then one does not have the notion of a determinant because the Gramian matrix is not necessarily a square matrix, right? – Fabian Werner Jan 24 '12 at 16:45
Your Answer


text:
Types of loss reduction.
Contains the following values:
NONE: Un-reduced weighted losses with the same shape as input.
SUM: Scalar sum of weighted losses.
SUM divided by sum of weights.
SUM divided by number of elements in losses.
SUM divided by number of non-zero
SUM_BY_NONZERO_WEIGHTS: Same as
_USER_ validate( cls, key )


You are here
Baby Booties Cake
Kenneth Chen
 - 2 (16 ounces each) family size frozen pound cakes, thawed
 - 2 cans (16 ounces each) vanilla frosting
 - Neon pink and neon blue food coloring (McCormick)
 - 15 mini marshmallows
 - 2 tablespoons each pink and blue decorating sugars
 - 6 yellow M&M minis
 - 1 strand each red and black licorice laces
 - Clean scissors
 - 3 freezer weight zip lock bags
Trimming the cakes:
 1. Place the thawed pound cakes on a clean work surface. Cut each cake in half crosswise. Trim a 3/4-inch wedge from either side of trimmed end.
 2. Arrange the cake pieces on a serving platter standing a cake, trimmed end down, against the other trimmed piece to make 2 booties. Secure with some of the vanilla frosting. Spread the top of the standing cake with some of the vanilla frosting and make smooth.
Frosting the cakes:
 1. Spoon 3/4 cup of the vanilla frosting into a zip lock bag. Divide the remaining vanilla frosting between 2 bowls. Tint one bowl pale blue and one pale pink with the food coloring. Spoon each color into a separate zip lock bag. Seal the bags.
 2. Snip a small corner from each of the bags with the frostings. Pipe the pink frosting in small light loops along the base of one of the cakes. Repeat with other rows of tight loops to cover all but 1 inch from the top edge of the cake.
 3. Pipe 2 rows of tight loops with the vanilla frosting along the top edge. Pipe a line of pink frosting along the top inside edge.
 4. Repeat the same method with the light blue frosting.
To complete the decoration:
 1. Place each colored sugar in small bowls. Cut the mini marshmallows in half on the diagonal. Press 15 pieces, cut side down, into each colored sugar to make the flower petals.
 2. Arrange 3 like colored flowers on the side of each bootie. Press a yellow mini M&M in the center of each flower.
 3. Arrange the licorice pieces into a small bow shape. Press the licorice bows on the top edge of each cake.
Serves 24


What is a summary of the poem "The Stone Age?"
Kamala Das
1 Answer | Add Yours
literaturenerd's profile pic
Posted on (Answer #1)
Kamala Das' poem, "The Stone Age," is a poem which illustrates the life of an oppressed woman.
Her husband is set in his ways ("Fond husband, ancient settler in the mind"). Although he is fond (affectionate), the speaker believes him to be false ("weaving webs of bewilderment"). The husband has taken control over his wife ("You turn me into a bird of stone"), which refers to the fact that she is beautiful to look at but must not be heard.
The husband is not considerate of his wife's feelings. His "absent-minded" stroking of her face shows no true emotion, only habit. The husband is not concerned with his wife's needs either (noted by the "loud talk you bruise my pre-morning sleep,
You stick a finger into my dreaming eye").
The wife dreams of a better life, only to have the dreams vanish like the sun. Her history, misunderstood given the undefined nature of the Dravidian people (historically they fought to be defined as their own ethnic group) alienates the wife from those who fail to identify with her or identify her at all. Her ethnicity is lost to "secretly flow the drains beneath the sacred cities."
Jumping into her car, the wife searches for others like herself--only to be forgotten like the rain which comes and goes.
The wife does not seem to understand what her husband sees in her. He is a lion, a snake, a symbol of strength and power. She, on the other hand, is not. That said, the wife questions how her husband can rest so easily against her, given her weaknesses.
All said, the wife cannot understand why no one asks her anything about life. The wife seems to understand her knowledge regarding life, but, like her husband's disregard for her, she feels as if her knowledge goes unappreciated.
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Article ID : 00122515 / Last Modified : 11/04/2018
How to check the data size of an application that finished installing.
 Please follow the steps below:
 1. Using the supplied remote, press the HOME button.
 2. Select Settings.
 3. Select Apps in the TV category.
 4. Select Downloaded apps.
 5. Check the data size displayed under the name of the corresponding app.