The Meaning of a Spider Sighting
Meaning of a Spider Sighting | California Psychics
Regeneration and Patience
When you think of a spider, do you think of darkness, unpredictability, entrapment, fangs, and venom? Or do you think of creativity, balance, regeneration, patience, and courage? The relationship you share with this creature of both light and dark, may determine how its presence plays out in your life.
If you combine the many different cultural beliefs of the spider, there is a suggested connection to its web and the creation of the world. Native Americans see the spider as perched in the center of its web with everything emanating from its centric position. This position also enables the spider to draw things back into itself, thereby becoming both the creator and the destroyer. When you see a spider's web it is a reminder that you are always weaving the outcome of your own future. It is reminding you to balance each strand that will soon become your past, because a web (future) is only as strong (balanced) as the previous weaves before it.
There is a creative energy inside of you, whether it's expressed in the creative arts, or in other ways, it exists. A spider sighting, particularly in a dream, may be a hint to engage those creative juices to weave something new and beautiful into your life. This could refer to your career, your relationships, or in your home life. Spiders are also quick to recognize when it is time to move locations because their web keeps getting knocked down by a gate or the wind. And if your own creative ideas are in a state of constant tear down, it may be time to move to the other side of the garden the next time you rebuild.
A spider's web is an intricate piece of construction, patiently built by the spider. When you see a spider's web, remember that you are in charge of your own life as a spider is the weaver of it's web. It's a reminder to be careful about the choices that you make. Spider webs also symbolize the ability to positively affect your life through your thoughts and actions.
It may take many nights before a spider will receive any benefit from building a web. If you have put a lot into a project, task, relationship, or a dream, a spider may be reminding you to look back over what you've built and see if there are some threads you've yet to connect. It could also be a reminder to pay closer attention to opportunities you are missing.
The spider has anywhere from two to eight eyes at its disposal, each offering a slightly different viewpoint on the world. A sighting could be a reminder to look at a particularly troublesome situation from a variety of vantage points, including the ones from the people around you.
Consider if the fear of where a decision could take you may be the true source of any darkness you're experiencing. If this is the case, keep in mind that young spiders cast a strand of silk for the wind to carry them to new areas – sometimes they fly only a few feet, other times they can cross entire oceans. The only way to control the distance is to never throw out the entire strand, but that is no different than choosing to remain within the shadow of your true potential.
Infinite Possibilities
Spiders have both eight legs and eight eyes, and the number eight is associated with the concept of infinity. Now, picture yourself in the center of a spider's web, with each strand as a path that you can take in your life. You are standing in the center of infinite possibilities, which can be both frightening and exhilarating. Place your faith (not your fear) within the spider to give you the courage to face the changes that must come as you begin your next journey down one of these paths, for a spider sighting is also a symbol of luck and a sign for change. So, when you see a spider, know that a change, or a time when you'll have to make a decision is coming.
The Spider in a Dream
A spider in a dream can mean several different things, and it's very important to analyze how you are feeling when dealing with the spider at the time. If you are frightened it could mean that you fear you're not living up to your highest potential. If you want to kill the spider in you dream, it means that you need to release some tension in your life.
Not all spider dreams are negative though. If you dream of a spider building a web, it means that you are likely to build something in your life that will lead to your happiness. Spiders are also considered lucky, so if you don't experience any feelings of fear or anxiety during the dream, it could be a good omen.
Don't Panic!
It's not uncommon to be frightened when a spider appears, but don't immediately swat it away. Take a moment to contemplate what the spider may be trying to tell you about your day or a situation you're grappling with. They may have fresh insight for you.
About California Psychics
2 thoughts on "The Meaning of a Spider Sighting
 1. Dawn
 Thank you for the insightful information that I receive. It is very helpful to me. I look for signs and meanings throughout my daily life. Xox
 2. trachelle gilchrist
 This literally gave me the chills because I just seen a spider and it was right next to me so when I seen this in my email I got emotional
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text:
The Dakehl (Carrier) peoples are from the Central Interior of British Columbia. The term 'Carrier' comes from a Sekani (Northern Interior, Finlay and Parsnip River drainages) name for the Dakelh people that has to do with the mourning processes of the Dakelh women in which they carried their deceased husbands ashes. The Sekani people were the first to come into contact with European explorers and so the name 'Carrier' became established with foreign European parties. Dakelh is the term used by the Carrier people to refer to both their language (of the Athabaskan family) and their people. Their traditional territory includes "the area along the Fraser River from north of Prince George to south of Quesnel, the Nechako Valley, the areas around Stuart Lake, Trembleur Lake, and Fraser Lake, and the region along the West Road and Blackwater Rivers, west to the Coast Range, including the Kluskus Lakes, Ootsa Lake and Cheslatta Lake. Prince George, Vanderhoof, Fort Saint James, Fraser Lake and Quesnel are all in Dakehl territory."1
Dakelh or Carrier artists in the University of Victoria's Art Collections include Lawrence J Rosso and Walter Joseph Jr.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
The history of the Depression era in Buffalo and Western New York will gain a little more attention – and likely become more accessible to the public – thanks to a new leadership grant awarded to the Buffalo & Erie County Public Library system.
The grant, just under $320,000, was made by the Institute of Museum & Library Services, which awards leadership grants nationally. The federal agency also awarded grants to 51 other museums and libraries across the country, library officials said.
The funding directed to Buffalo is intended as a two-year grant, library officials said, to fund an ongoing project known as "The Public Library as Digitized Commons – A Demonstration Project." The project got started in 2009.
The goal of the project is to create a first-ever catalog of resources related to Buffalo's history from the 1920s and 1930s, according to library officials.
An aim of the project is to make the region's Depression-era history accessible and searchable for the public, and to connect the public with this history in new ways.
"This project will generate deeper collaborations, new types of access to library and regional resources, and new ways to share the stories of our local heritage," Library Director Mary Jean Jakubowski said in a statement.
The Institute for Museum & Library Services is a source of federal support for 123,000 libraries and 17,500 museums across the country.


Osanyin known in Afro-cuban practice as Osain, is the Orisa in charge of the knowledge of all herbs, more than any other deity and, therefore, carries the knowledge of all the medicines used to cure any type of disease. He is an Orisa very close to Orunmila and is the husband of Oriseje.
Who is Osanyin?
Osanyin is often described by the Yoruba as a cruel, impatient, and smug Orisa. Osanyin owns the omiero (Omi Ero or holy water), and is so powerful that he is in charge of activating the initiation of all the Orisa. In addition, it is responsible for approving any type of curse that is done to a person.
In the past people used to go to a babalawo who had herbal knowledge started in Osanyin for not only spiritual but also health improvements. They were the healers and they knew the medicines that allowed to alleviate from a headache to much more important health problems. And this is because each herb, trunk or root has its virtue and when these plants are mixed with other herbs, they form medicines that can be used for different purposes.
Osanyin is an Orisa with an eye, a leg, and an arm missing. This is said to have happened because of a war he had with Orunmila, where Orunmila sacrificed Sango and he sent thunder to punish Osanyin.
How to get initiated in Osanyin
Osanyin is a delicate Orisa, so not everyone should acquire his initiation. Only if Orunmila determines that his initiation will be favorable to him, does the learning continue. After the person who wishes to be initiated into Osanyin acquires the basic knowledge of this Orisa and is able to take care of it by himself, he can begin his initiation with the babalawo who is carrying out his learning. Divinations must be carried out to know what sacrifices are necessary before their initiation.
We must remember that in Traditional Yoruba practice the person interested in initiation must acquire knowledge before doing it. At Ilé Awo we help you check your knowledge of Ifá and the Orisa with the exclusive tests that you can find in Ojú Odù.
How to feed Osain
The purpose for which Osanyin is served can be both good and bad. It can be taken care of to cure a disease to a person, to obtain good luck, riches or even to achieve the destruction of an enemy. The preparation of medicines is done with powerful enchantments that have the name of Ofo Ase.
It can be served with guinea pepper, Obi abata (kola nut), roasted corn, and alcoholic beverages. Usually the person making the offering to Osain kneels on one leg at the time of propitiation. Once these medicines are prepared, they are placed in the Osun de Osanyin, for the Orisa to approve.
Some taboo
In many rituals the participation of women is prohibited, especially when they are menstruating. As well as, on many occasions, there are herbs that cannot be united since they can cause a detrimental effect. Should not be attended without the minimum knowledge so that care is not harmful.
Osanyin types in traditional practice
There is only one type of Osanyin, usually called "Eepa Osanyin". He is known as Elese Kan ti or le elese meji sare (The one-legged man who makes the two-legged man run).
However, the herbs used with this Orisa are classified into four groups, which correspond to the four elements of nature: water, air, earth and fire. These are: ewe afeefe (air – wind blades); ewe inon (blades of fire); ewe omi (water leaves); and ewe ile or ewe igbo (leaves from the ground or from the forest).
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text: The stop() action forces the process that fires the enabled probe to stop when it next leaves the kernel, as if stopped by a proc(4) action. The prun(1) utility may be used to resume a process that has been stopped by the stop() action. The stop() action can be used to stop a process at any DTrace probe point. This action can be used to capture a program in a particular state that would be difficult to achieve with a simple breakpoint, and then attach a traditional debugger like mdb(1) to the process. You can also use the gcore(1) utility to save the state of a stopped process in a core file for later analysis.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
On page 188 of my סדור רינת ישראל (or p. 196 in this edition) the instructions for lighting shabbat candles begins as follows: כשהחמה בראש האילנות, מדליקים נר של שבת.
My limited Hebrew has me understand this as "when the sun is at the tops of the trees, light the shabbat candles."
The time for lighting has been expressed in terms of shkiah or evening or something specific to the clock (the notes at the bottom of page 296 of the Artscroll siddur Kol Yaakov speak of "approximately 18 minutes before sunset"). This instruction speaks of the position of the sun relative to trees -- which trees? How tall are they? At what angle am I standing? And maybe it is just me and my understanding of trees, but when the sun is at the rosh of the trees is significantly earlier in the day than candle lighting is usually set for. Is this statement encouraging an earlier shabbat or am I misunderstanding the printed instructions?
Help is, as always, appreciated.
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
The Talmud (Shabbat 35b) discusses the exact time where Bein Hashemashot (dusk -- the time the Melacha becomes forbidden) and concludes that those who are not experts in the calculations should light while the sun is still atop the trees. This is an approxamite time which is designed to ensure that one definitely does not light too late. This rule is recorded in Shulchan Aruch OC 261:3.
The custom of lighting 18 minutes before sunset is to fulfill every possible opinion in the Rishonim (even those we don't paskin like) about when sunset is, notably the opinion of the Yereim who holds that the "sunset" begins 3/4 of a mil before astronomical sunset. If we take a mil to be 24 minutes (the longest opinion), then it comes out that Shabbat starts 18 minutes before astronomical sunset. (see Shaar Hatziyun 261:21)
share|improve this answer
I think I've heard that there are communities that use 40 minutes instead of 18. I don't know what that would be based on. – Monica Cellio Sep 30 '12 at 2:12
_USER_ judaism.stackexchange.com/q/13472/759 – Double AA Sep 30 '12 at 2:14
Both the S"A and my siddur omit that this speaks of date trees (I have no idea if this means a date tree 100 feet away or right above me, or how tall a date tree is). And the siddur ignores the follow up line about what to do on a cloudy day. Chickens, it seems, are less relevant than date trees. But I would still assume that the sun is atop a tree (unless the tree is on a far horizon) much earlier in the day. The siddur's use of IT when by 1981 (the publ date) there were other signifiers seems strange. – Danno Sep 30 '12 at 3:55
Your Answer


I didn't use Blender before, but from what I saw (e.g. on YouTube) I think I could use it for creating dynamic flow chart animations (that actually look good :-). Since I do not know how to start with this, I hope you could give me a hint and/or guide me the right direction. This is a schematic example on what I want to do:
enter image description here
For a series of time points, I get data for the temperatures inside a set of water tanks and the amount of water flowing between them from some computations that are done in Python. I would like to visualize the temperature within the tanks by color, and the mass flowing between them by thickness of the arrows, in both cases also stating the current values, and show their development over time with an animation (while the changes between time points do not necessarily have to be animated, a series of pictures showing the states at the time points would already be great).
Everything should be designed in a way that the animation can be automatically generated also for other data sets. Also in future, this animation will probably be extended. As I stated, I'm completely new to Blender, but advanced in Python.
All hints and advises are highly appreciated! Thank you very much for your help!
Edit: as suggested, I split up the question in several smaller ones step by step.
 1. Link to first question on how to create the curved arrows (solved)
 2. Link to second question on how to calculate object colors from external temperature data using a color map
 - 2
 $\begingroup$ yes, this is very possible - but as it stands you are asking a question which is multi faceted - or rather 4 or 5 considerably elaborate questions disguised as a concept. Someone could answer, but it would take a long time and only be applicable to a narrow audience. Let me suggest that you break it down. 1. How to make boxes at positions 2. How to script the splines to join them 3. How to make the arrows 4. How to animate Colour changes 4. How to animate spline Width changes. -- Also the design of how to spread these boxes and decide where the spline goes and what the arrow looks like. $\endgroup$ – zeffii Aug 9 '15 at 11:58
 - 4
 $\begingroup$ You are allowed to ask as many separate questions as you want in new Questions. The better you become at making your question modular, the better we can answer short and direct. $\endgroup$ – zeffii Aug 9 '15 at 12:01
 - $\begingroup$ _USER_ Thank you for your suggestions! In the meantime I found some hints on animation, and I managed to create the boxes (which are cylinders in 3D). So I will now first of all ask a question on how to make these curved arrows (which I think would be Question 2 and 3, but make sense to be asked together, right?), and link it to this question as well. $\endgroup$ – mindm49907 Aug 9 '15 at 13:06
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ yes! my response was definitely not intended to be discouraging, I love these kinds of questions..but splitting it up gives more people a chance to answer the individual elements. $\endgroup$ – zeffii Aug 9 '15 at 15:04
 - $\begingroup$ As zeffii explained, SE does better with shorter questions about specific operations; these are more likely to be applicable to other projects and thus more helpful for people looking for solutions in search engines. As it is now, this question is still too broad (your other question is great though :). Feel free to edit this question at any time, and we can re-open it accordingly. $\endgroup$ – gandalf3 Aug 9 '15 at 19:13


How to open a word document in Photoshop?
A Microsoft word document cannot be simply opened in Photoshop. Word documents are saved in.doc or.docx file formats which are not compatible with Photoshop. Photoshop deals with.psd,.jpeg,.gif, and other various image file formats. This is probably a strange tutorial as I usually talk about cutting out images using Photoshop.
Free Getting started with Photoshop PDF report.
Why would you want to open a Word Document in Photoshop?
You can do so many things on a computer, however people always want to do something that is not always possible. Here are a few reasons I can think of why you would want to open a word document in Photoshop:
 1. You might want to open a document full of pictures in Photoshop to edit them more professionally
 2. Maybe you want to split the Word document up into layers to enable better editing.
 3. You might want to use some special features in Photoshop that are not available in Microsoft Word.
How do you open a Word document in Photoshop
The only logical way I can see to open a word document in Photoshop is to use take a screenshot of the document, save it as a jpeg, and then open it in Photoshop.
You will need:
 1. Microsoft Word.
 2. A keyboard with a Print Screen key.
 3. The Mspaint program. (Comes with Windows)
 4. Photoshop.
How to get your Word document into Photoshop?
 1. Open your Word document.
 2. Go to see a print preview for the document so it will fit on the screen fully. Go to the file menu for Word 2003 or the office symbol for Word 2007. You will see print preview in these menus.
 3. When you see your full page press the prtscrn key on your keyboard.
 4. Open the mspaint program by going down to the start menu, all programs, accessories, then paint.
 5. Go to the edit menu at the top and choose paste.
 6. You will see a picture of the word document. Go to the file menu at the top and choose Save As.
 7. Mspaint will save the screenshot as an image file. I prefer.jpeg. Please remember where you are saving the file.
 8. Then open Photoshop, open the file that you saved.
Free Getting started with Photoshop PDF report.
Notes: You can also paste the document screenshot directly into Photoshop after opening a new project, however I feel that the quality is better through paint.
 1. says
 Simply take prtscrn and direct paste into photoshop(on a new file)
 prtscrn -> (Photoshop)Ctrl N -> Ctrl V.
 No need to go on any other program like mspaint or else. :)
 2. Bartek says
 I think it is the one of the worst sollution i ever read ;)
 Wanna do it pro?
 1)open ur word doc
 2)convert to pdf
 3)open in ps
 Best regards


What we do
Follow ODI
What Kenyan ghost-writers can teach us about prejudice in the digital gig economy
Written by Susan Njambi-Szlapka
Hero image description: Young men working on laptops. Image credit:Matt Biddulph Image license:CC BY-SA 2.0
Would you trust a Kenyan to write your Bachelor's or Master's thesis? Recent research finds that Kenyan nationals are not trusted by American students to do so, forcing academic ghost-writers to hide their identity to win work.
Besides obvious ethical issues, this raises wider questions about the online gig economy including exploitation, trust and discrimination, including how we talk about equality in digital labour.
Coronavirus has also fuelled a sharp decline in demand for and an increase in supply of online workers. Online "place-based" platforms that require physical on-site delivery such as Deliveroo or GetBoda are seeing an increase in demand. But online gig workers on platforms like UpWork are facing more competition for fewer jobs as clients curb non-essential spending and more people seek digital sources of income. These same platforms are even asking online workers to pay in order to bid for work.
Under these circumstances it is crucial to understand how online gig workers in developing countries, who often have no access to any form of social protection, compete in the online gig economy to earn their livelihoods while identifying ways to combat the discrimination many experience.
One account, many identities: the online gig economy labour market
There are 6 million people in developing countries participating in online labour according to the Online Labour Index, while 60 to 70% of all online gig workers in Kenya are ghost-writers. However, this wrongly assumes accounts on gig economy platforms like UpWork have just one user per account.
Instead, accounts with good reviews are often shared between ghost-writers and traded on the black market, making ghost-writers key contributors to this underreporting. Owners of such accounts employ others to do the actual work, while using VPN's (Virtual Private Networks) to hide user's locations, making many ghost-writers in Kenya and elsewhere invisible.
Therefore, the real number of online workers is estimated to be up to 8 times higher. So why is this behaviour so widespread?
The false promise of digital globalisation
In the flat-world narrative of globalisation, online work is based on merit and value for money, as technology levels the playing field between workers in the Global North and South by removing the impediment of geography. This apparently allows workers in the Global South, as long as they have internet access and possess the right skills, to outcompete their northern counterparts by underbidding for online work generated in a small number of rich countries in the Global North.
However, recent studies find that prejudice around geography and identity are still key drivers in who wins work and under what conditions. Young ghost-writers in Nairobi even report that advertised jobs sometimes go as far as saying that people from certain countries should not even "bother bidding".
Reputation is everything, but it is more costly for Global South workers
Cognitive shortcuts have been well-established in hiring practices on the platform Nubelo. Clients assume workers from lower income countries will provide less valuable work and therefore pay them disproportionately little or don't hire them at all. In the absence of organisational affiliation, workers from developing countries are perceived as representatives of a nationality, rather than individuals with different experiences, credentials and personalities.
The exception is where a worker has a good reputation.
The reputation of an online worker, captured through ratings by previous clients, is key for their competitiveness and is much more costly for those in lower-income countries when it impacts their likelihood of employment.
However, if a client has a good experience with someone from a developing country, they are more likely to hire other workers from that same country. Therefore, while in the short-term hiding identity and location helps, it could inhibit worker's future long-term ability to find work.
Four ways we can mitigate online discrimination
 1. Online platforms can learn from analogue labour market measures to enable merit-based hiring practices (including for instance anonymised CVs).
 2. More rigorous research could help us understand what is exacerbating discriminatory hiring practices including language barriers, sense of shared values and expectations around education systems.
 3. Increasing fairness through algorithms could include prioritising displaying information relevant to a person's qualifications or credentials, rather than their location (this could even go further and place people from certain regions at the top of search results). Nubelo has already used this to help newcomers compete against established online workers.
 4. Finally, increasing awareness among clients hiring online workers could also help address these biases.
How we navigate the world of online work
There is still a global division of labour determining what type of jobs online workers in the Global South are entrusted with and those they are presumed unqualified for. This division, based on prejudice, will likely reinforce old power structures where repetitive or less complex tasks are left to the Global South, while complex and better paying tasks remain in the Global North. However, as the former become automated, this could leave workers in low-income countries vulnerable.
If demand for online workers is diminishing in the wake of Covid-19, the situation in developing countries will only worsen. Governments, donors and online platforms in the north and south will need to devise ways to overcome these issues of discrimination, while also supporting online gig workers both now and post-Covid.


text:
Q.13 You must have seen tarnished copper vessels being cleaned with lemon or tamarind juice. Explain why these sour substances are effective in cleaning the vessels
Copper reacts with moist carbon dioxide in air to form copper carbonate and as a result, copper vessel loses its shiny brown surface forming a green layer of copper carbonate. The citric acid present in the lemon or tamarind neutralises the basis copper carbonate and dissolves the layer. That is why, tarnished copper vessels are cleaned with lemon or tamarind juice to give the surface of the copper vessel its characteristic lustre.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Wednesday, February 18, 2009
Voice Mail Standards
What is the number one item we need to leave on a voice mail if we want to make sure we get a call back? I would say a phone number.
So why do so many people wait till the end to leave their callback number? Sometimes it gets cut off. Sometimes it is said so fast that we need to listen to the entire message again just to get to the phone number.
So this is my attempt to try and set a standard for leaving a voice mail message.
We should always start with the big three:
1. Our name.
2. Our company.
3. Our phone number.
After those are covered we can then leave our brief message and politely ask how we would like the person to respond to us or if we will try back again another time. At that point we should repeat the "big three", pausing after saying "…and my number is…" thus giving the recipient a moment to begin to write our phone number.
If we need to listen to the message again to capture the phone number, we do not need to listen to the entire message just for that one little piece of information.
I hope someone can utilize this suggestion to improve their communications, either leaving or receiving messages.
Saturday, February 14, 2009
I came across this today and thought it was very appropriate based on the current financial situation occurring around the globe.
- William Pollard
Sunday, February 8, 2009
Common Keyboard Shortcuts for Word
These are some standard shortcuts that can be used from the key board to perform simple tasks. I found this list at the Microsoft Office Online Training site. There is an incredible amount of information there. I am re-posting the list here for my own convenience.
SHIFT + LEFT ARROW = Left one character at a time
SHIFT + RIGHT ARROW = Right one character at a time
SHIFT + DOWN ARROW = Down one line at a time
SHIFT + UP ARROW = Up one line at a time
CTRL+ LEFT ARROW = Left one word at a time
CTRL+ RIGHT ARROW = Right one word at a time
HOME = To the beginning of the current line of text
END = To the end of the current line of text
CTRL+HOME = To the beginning of the document
CTRL+END = To the end of the document
PAGE UP = Up one full screen
PAGE DOWN = Down one full screen
CTRL+PAGE U = P To the beginning of the previous page
CTRL+PAGE DOWN = To the beginning of the next page
CTRL+O = Open
CTRL+Z = Undo
CTRL+Y = Redo
CTRL+S = Save
CTRL+P = Print
ALT+F4 = Close the active window
CTRL+B = Bold
CTRL+I = Italic
CTRL+U = Underline
CTRL+R = Align right
CTRL+E = Align center
CTRL+L = Align left
CTRL+C = Copy
CTRL+X = Cut
CTRL+V = Paste
CTRL+C+CTRL+C = Open the clipboard
CTRL+F = Find
CTRL+H = Replace
CTRL+A = Select whole document
F7 = Spell checker
SHIFT+F7 = Thesaurus
CTRL+SHIFT+S = Style box
CTRL+SHIFT+N = Change font to Normal style
Wednesday, February 4, 2009
Technorati Linking
I have registered my blog with Technorati. Here is a link to my profile:
Technorati Profile
Monday, February 2, 2009
The First Post
Another blog....
This is not intended to become a regular item on my list of things to do, however following the theme of the rest of the site it is just a sample of who I am and the abilities I have.
I do appreciate you taking the time to read a little though.


text:
Composting sites could generate odour nuisances in the environment if not operated optimally in terms of odour. The implementation of a continuous odour monitoring system, OdoWatch, based on e-nose technology allows operators to better understand how and when odour incidents occur and what actions can be taken to reduce emissions.
A continuous odour monitoring system, fitted with 5 e-noses, a weather station and an odour dispersion modelling software, was set up at one of the largest composting sites in Europe. Although several sources were identified from the beginning as being likely to generate odour nuisances, monitoring enabled the identification of the 0-3 week fermentation source as being responsible for 87% of the nuisances generated.
The operator's efforts reduced odour nuisances which had increased by more than 40% over a 6-month period and by nearly 75% after 2 years. The nuisance level in inhabited areas was, to start with, relatively low, but was greatly reduced by the operator's diligence, using measurements made by the OdoWatch system in real time, and by continuous improvement of the techniques used.


text:
A Win-Win For All: Growth of Save to Win in Michigan
At a time when savings are important, how do we engage consumers in the act of saving and reinstitute a culture of thrift in America? One promising way is to ensure that the act of saving is fun. Prize-linked savings (PLS) models are structured to do exactly that - reward savings behavior to help motivate individuals to save by making it fun. PLS models have been implemented internationally and now applications of PLS are being tested in the United States – by financial institutions, businesses, entrepreneurs, and non-profits – to make saving fun and help more people save.


Fish are getting sucked into the skimmer
Discussion in 'Water Features' started by jeffslawnservice, Jan 24, 2013.
 1. jeffslawnservice
 jeffslawnservice LawnSite Senior Member
 Posts: 830
 This morning when I went out to look at my pond I noticed two fish in the skimmer is there anyway yo prevent this? The pond is frozen also.
 Posted via Mobile Device
 2. rlitman
 rlitman LawnSite Bronze Member
 Posts: 1,518
 Yeah, don't run a skimmer when the pond might be freezing.
 Skimmer float weirs rely on being able to float freely to position themselves correctly. If ice interferes with their motion, you can end up with a waterfall that can trap fish.
 3. jeffslawnservice
 jeffslawnservice LawnSite Senior Member
 Posts: 830
 Not sure if I follow your post, its a skimmer box with a pump in it, should I shut off the pump and install an aerator or since its already frozen is that a no go.
 Posted via Mobile Device
 4. biodale
 biodale LawnSite Member
 Posts: 177
 If your pond is frozen over the fish will probably die. Then the dead fish will be sucked into the skimmer. Hydrogen disulfide will continue to be produced by decaying matter and will be trapped under the ice. Hydrogen disulfide is toxic in very small concentrations. Normally it will be released into the atmosphere, but it becomes trapped under the ice and lethal concentrations can form.
 Either thaw the ice or cut it out to form breathing holes. Don't pound on the ice. Shock waves can rupture the fish's air bladder, killing the fish. I lost a pond of koi when the electricity went out for 12 hours and ice formed completely over the pond surface.
 5. tadpole
 tadpole LawnSite Bronze Member
 Posts: 1,216
 I have always had doubts as to the prevalent belief that fish will automatically die in a completely iced over pond. Naturally occurring ponds in the Northern latitudes are prone to completely ice over every winter, yet the fish remain alive. If they didn't, these same ponds would be completely devoid of any fish and we know that is not the case.
 Hydrogen sulphide gas is formed by the action of heterotrophic bacteria which breakdown Hydrogen disulphide (an inorganic oil) under anaerobic conditions. This gas is formed ONLY in when there is a complete lack of Oxygen.
 6. neighborguy
 neighborguy LawnSite Member
 Posts: 186
 The way to prevent fish ending up in the skimmer is to buy smarter fish.
 7. rlitman
 rlitman LawnSite Bronze Member
 Posts: 1,518
 Several issues raised here. Let's start with the OP's first:
 Sounds like what I expected. Either the skimmer is a box that hangs off the side of the liner, or you have a center skimmer (those are not too common).
 Either "skim" the water by having the water cascade over a floating weir. When the pump is off, this weir should float freely to just above the water's surface. When the pump is turned on, the water level behind the weir drops, which causes the floating weir to drop. Eventually it is just low enough to let a thin ribbon of water flow over, and that generally stops fish from entering. Now if ice gets in there, it can hold the weir down, leaving enough water for a fish to swim though.
 Skimmers should not be run during freezing conditions. Yes, shut that pump.
 Naturally occurring ponds have way less fish per gallon of water. That leaves much more available dissolved oxygen. A frozen over man made backyard pond is like stuffing an elevator full of people, and duct taping every seam shut. Eventually they'll run out of air.
 Yes. But don't put the aerator in the skimmer box.
 If you have a heater, try to melt a small hole over spot at least 2' deep, but not the absolute deepest part of the pond. Then toss in a sinking aerator stone into there.
 The bubbles will usually keep a small area ice free, and even if they don't, so long as you keep bubbling air into the pond, it will find a way back out, and your fish will be fine.
 Since the bubbles stir up the water, I prefer to not actually put my winter bubbler in the deepest part. I prefer to leave the deepest parts more still, as the ground will warm the deepest water a little, when you stir that up, you lose heat out the top.
 Oh, and yes, hydrogen sulfide only forms in anaerobic conditions. This is possible under piles of leaves at the bottom (which is why you do not want to let leaves accumulate, but also why you need to be careful cleaning them out), but not in open water in a pond.
 8. rlitman
 rlitman LawnSite Bronze Member
 Posts: 1,518
 LOL. When people ask me why I installed an electric fence around my pond, my answer is always "To keep the fish in, of course."
 9. tadpole
 tadpole LawnSite Bronze Member
 Posts: 1,216
 This analogy may have some merit if the pond already has a stocking density too high for the pond's capacity. I hear of just as many reports of Koi (and Goldfish) surviving the winter in an iced-over pond as I do of Koi (and Goldfish) mortality in ponds that provided venting in the ice.
 Koi and Goldfish are known to survive in anoxic (low oxygen) conditions for extended periods under otherwise normal conditions. Cold water will retain considerably more Oxygen than warm water and fish metabolism is extremely low at low temps. Koi and Goldfish require very little Oxygen to survive in cold (near freezing) water. Koi because they are a warm water specie and can adapt to low Oxygen levels and Goldfish because they have the ability to store Oxygen in their muscle tissue when necessary. This has been proven in several scientific studies.
 I would need to see more than anecdotal evidence that venting or aeration would be required in an iced over pond with the appropriate fish load.
 10. rlitman
 rlitman LawnSite Bronze Member
 Posts: 1,518
 Couldn't agree more. In a clean pond with the appropriate fish load, and the appropriate depth to leave sufficient liquid water, a few days (perhaps even weeks) of ice is not a concern.
 But how many ponds do you see people installing with too many fish, in a 2' deep hard plastic box store liner, with 6" of rotting leaves at the bottom?
 Granted, in those situations, surviving through winter is the least of their problems.
 Also, while cold water does retain more oxygen, and the fish's metabolism is extremely slow in the cold, the actual volume of dissolved oxygen is still staggeringly low, and can be used up. With everything just right, sure a week or so iced over shouldn't be a problem. Now if you are in a climate that ices over for months, I'd think about it.
 Last winter on Long Island, ice would have maybe only closed things over for a few days. But in winters past, I've seen ice cover ponds for a month or more. I used to use that heated ring with the dome over it. But I've found that if I put it over a bubbler, I don't even need to plug the heat in to keep a hole in the ice. Do I need to do all this. Perhaps not, but it is cheap insurance.
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Synthetic web sling can be used for a variety of lifting and towing applications and have many advantages over the lifting chain, including low weight and ease of handling, so how to select the right webbing sling for your lifting application is very important.
The following are 6 key considerations you should learn before choosing a synthetic web sling:
Used mainly where acid conditions are present or a minimum stretch is desired, polyester is unaffected by common acid and hot bleaching agents, it is not suitable for use with concentrated sulfuric acid, alkaline or the locations where temperatures exceed 100°C or less than -40°C, stretch at rated capacity is approximately 3%.
The most widely used general-purpose synthetic web sling, is unaffected by grease and oil. It has good chemical resistance
to aldehyde, ethers, and strong alkalis. But it is not suitable for use with acids and bleaching agents or the locations where temperatures exceed 100°C or less than -40°C. Stretch at rated capacity is approximately 6-8%.
High-performance synthetic sling(Dyneema Sling)is made of a super strong polyethylene fiber. It is up to 15 times stronger than steel and up to 40% stronger if on a weight-for-weight basis. It has high energy absorption and low elongation, Dyneema sling floats on water.and is extremely resistant to abrasion, moisture, UV rays, and chemicals. As a result, it has an almost unlimited range of applications. Providing maximum strength and security for minimum weight.
2. Eye types
The eyes of web slings are usually connected with rigging hooks. They can help reduce the wear of the webbing slings end, thereby extending web sling life. The following photos illustrate the more common eye forms using at the end of synthetic web slings.
Synthetic web sling can be sewn in single, double, or multiple plies, basically, the more ply numbers, the much higher load capacity at the same width, refers to the layers of webbing that make up the body of the sling.
The wider width, the greater protection, and the higher rated capacity. Here below is the table to show the width of web sling and color coded to indicate their capacity:
The minimal safety factor value must be at least equal to> 7:1 for webbing and round slings, > 4:1 for accessories made of steel, > 5:1 for the remaining components.
5. Types of web slings
Flat eye & eye web sling, single layer, duplex or double duplex web slings with soft eyes at each end
Webbing Slings with Flat eye yellow
Round slings, endless or eye & eye types, are covered with a durable polyester fabric and very pliable.
Round Sling EN1492-2
Endless slings are one large "endless" loop, can be adjusted with wear points, to extend the working life of the sling.
Endless Web Sling ASME
6. Sling hitches
There are several types of sling hitches used for lifting, followings are the common types of sling hitches for rigging the load, you can easily find the different from the table.
Safety is always the most important aspect to consider when lifting and moving large objects, this article will help you understand some of the keys to choosing synthetic slings. Hilifting is always your best choice for buying the premium synthetic web sling at an affordable price.


ERU submitted to the RootChain contract. When URB submitted, the operator must execute the **Rebase** process and submit NRB whose parent block is the submitted URB.![](_URL_ *Fig 7 : UAF diagram 1* Block#1 is currently in finalized state, and the root chain is submitted up to NRB#5. Suppose that NRB#3 is in the withheld state by the operator and DA problem has occurred. Users can then safely exit the child chain by submitting URB#2 and generating a fork until NRB#3 is finalized. The parent block of the submitted URB must be Block#1, which is the last finalized block as shown in *Fig 7*. In this process, the user submitting the URB should reflect requests contained in previously submitted ORBs. However, newly submitted EROs should not be included in the URB. ![](_URL_ *Fig 8 : UAF diagram 2* When a URB is submitted and a fork occurs, the operator must execute the **Rebase** process to continue the chain. As shown in *Fig 8*, the operator must submit NRB#3'and NRB#4' with the same $transactionRoot$ as NRB#3 and NRB#5 submitted previously. That is, all transactions that were included in the previous NRB should be included in the new NRB'. In addition, NRB#3' and NRB#4' should be on the basis of URB#2. ### Mass URB To submit URB, 'prepareToSubmitURB' function should be called in the RootChain contract. However, if DA problem occurs, users may call 'prepareToSubmitURB' function concurrently to submit URB. In this case, the first user to send a transaction calling 'prepareToSubmitURB' is entitled to submit the URB. Since URB to be submitted is a block containing ERUs submitted to the RootChain contract, the transactions to be included have already been determined before submission. Therefore, this decision for submission right for URB does not matter because the exit request being processed is the same as which user is entitled. ### Extension of chain head Submission of URB does not always create a fork. If a URB is submitted before a previous URB has been finalized, submission of the URB is considered to extend the chain head, not the fork. Therefore, subsequent URB must be a child block of the previous URB. In this case, of course, the operator must also execute rebase process based on the newly extended chain head. if URB is submitted after a previously submitted URB has been finalized, subsequent URBs are considered as the fork rather than extension of the chain head. Therefore, the parent block of the submitted URB shall be of the last finalized block. After submission of the corresponding URB, the operator must execute rebase process. ![](_URL_ *Fig 9 : Extension of chain head* Let's take a closer look at the case of extending the chain head in *Fig 9*. URB#3 was submitted sequentially after submission of URB#2. In this case, the state of URB#3 must be calculated based on URB#2. Therefore, although URB is newly submitted, it does not create the fork based on Block#1, but extends the head of the blockchain containing URB#2. The operator must rebase all existing blocks based on the newly extended URB#3. ### Invalid URB![](_URL_ *Fig 10 : Invalid URB* *Fig 10* shows the process when stateRoot of the submitted URB is not valid so the request has challenged. In the figure, URB#3 is submitted by another user based on URB#2 and NRB#3' and NRB#4' in which the operator rebased are submitted. In this situation, the challenge to URB#2 succeeded. This means that all descendant blocks including URB#2 and having URB#2 as an ancestor block are no longer valid. In the case of a penalty for a challenge, the submitters who submitted the URB#2 and another URB with an invalid URB as an ancestor block will be penalized. Operators are not penalized even if they rebase based on invalid URBs. When submitting a computation challenge for a URB, the challenger must submit a new stateRoot, transactionRoot, and receiptRoot for the URB and its descendant URBs. Also, as with the rebase process, the new transactionRoot must be the same as the transactionRoot of the URB being challenged. In other words, the challenger challenges URB#2 and submits URB#2'and URB#3' at the same time. After the challenge, the operator must rebase the existing NRBs following URB#3'. ### Data availability of URB URB cannot be the target of Data withholding attack. The reason is as follows: Since the parent block of the URB is always a finalized block and the transactions included in the URB are exposed to the RootChain contract, anyone can know about the correct stateRoot of the URB. ## Cost mechanism against Infinite fork attack ### Infinite fork attack In the case of DA problem, user-activated fork method can make anyone exit safely by submitting URB based on last finalized block. But there is a fatal weakness here, the Infinite fork attack using the rebase process. A malicious user can endlessly block the finalization of a block by continuously submitting URBs, regardless of the DA problem. This is because, at the moment when the URB is submitted, the existing unfinalized NRBs must be rebased, which requires placing a new challenge period in the corresponding blocks. ### Dynamic cost mechanism We have introduced a dynamic cost mechanism for user-activated fork to prevent such attacks. The design objectives of the cost mechanism are as follows. **1. If the submission of URB is close to the probability that it is an attack by malicious users, the cost should be high. And if it is close to the probability that it is an escape from a problem, the cost should be set low. 2. The number of URB commits that generate Rebase should be minimized.** DA problem is hard to tackle because it is very difficult to determine whether DA problem actually occurred in the child chain. Therefore, in Plasma EVM, we need to approach the DA problem in terms of probabilities, as described in the first principle. There is also a possibility that there was still no real DA problem, even if there were a lot of users who thought that the URB should be commited because of DA problem. Therefore, as specified in the second principle, URB commits should be minimized in all circumstances to ensure sustainable operation of child chain. ### DA probability The first principle is a very valid rule in itself, but there is a limit that we can apply it only if we know the probability. In other words, how accurate the probability can be is the key point in this cost mechanism design. What is the best material for calculating the probability? We said earlier that we leave the judgment of the DA to the individual users. If an independent individual makes one's own judgment on DA matters, it is the individual's judgment that is most relevant to the probability of DA problems. That is, the greater the number of users who believe that there is the DA problem, the greater the likelihood of DA occurrence. On the contrary, if there are fewer users who believe there is DA problem, chances are high that there were no problems with the Child Chain. Therefore, we will design a model that estimates the probability of a DA issue and adjusts the costs for the URB and ERU accordingly through user's judgments about DA problems, i.e. **the number of ERUs**. Of course, the assumption that all of the accounts submitted the ERU would be independent is very naive. Because of that, an additional cost should be charged for the ERU as well. If an attacker is to make a favorable condition for submission of URB using a number of accounts, one must also pay a full cost for ERUs. There will be of no use to do this attack. ### Cost function Let's discuss what types of cost functions should be derived to meet the principles outlined above as much as possible. To satisfy the first principle, the higher the number of ERUs in the URB, the lower the URB's submission costs and the cost of the ERB. In addition, to meet the second principle, it would be desirable to increase the extent of the decreasing cost as the number of ERUs increases. **$C_{URB}$ : Cost for submitting URB $C_{ERU}$ : Cost for Exit by ERU $N_{ERU}$ : The number of ERUs in URB** As defined above, a cost function meeting the above conditions may be like below. ![](_URL_ *Fig 11 : Cost function of submitting URB* The costs of submitting the URB are as shown above. As $N_{ERU}$(the number of ERUs in the URB


code. CVS will tell you who last changed each line of code, and when they did it. The commit comment (hopefully) tells you why.
A commit message should contain, in order:
 - A couple of words indicating which part of moodle this change affects. For example 'forum backup', 'quiz attempting' or 'weblib'.
 - A tracker issue id like MDL-12345. (If necessary, create an issue before committing, the only exception is for very minor typos.)
 - A brief description of the problem you are fixing. (If you are feeling lazy, you may be able to get away with copying and pasting the issue summary from the tracker.)
 - If it is not immediately obvious, a brief summary of why this change fixes the problem. If a longer description is necessary, you may also want to add more information to the tracker issue, or Moodle Docs, but the code changes + commit message should provide enough clues to how the fix works on their own.
Here is an example of a commit message from a simple change:
user selection: MDL-17072 Polishing the role assign page: Do processing
before print_header in line with best practice.
Actually, the ideal commit message would be a bit shorter than that. It is good if the first three items (area of Moodle, tracker id and brief description) will fit in the subject line of an email message.
Here is an example from a bigger commit (would it have been better if this could have been done as several smaller commits?):
role overrides: MDL-17070 Improve override roles page to match the recent
usability improvements on the assign page.
MDL-11529 When assigning/overriding roles, the dropdown for switching to
another role should have a number in brackets
MDL-16549 Should not be able to edit the permission associated with
moodle/site:doanything on any role.
Here is an example of a commit (from a while ago, which is why the issue number is in the wrong place) with some explanation of the change:
accesslib: get_user_by_capability() - Handle complex rolecap resolution
With this patch, get_user_by_capability() can handle the cases where
users have multiple role assignments to the same course, and PREVENTs
and PROHIBITs affect the rolecaps of this course.
Without stored procedures we cannot resolve this entirely on the
server side - so in the complex cases we do as much as we can on SQL,
and post-process the data on the PHP side, including SQL-style
The CVS commits email list
You can subscribe at to this email list. You will then get an email every time someone commits a change to Moodle. This is a good way to keep track of what is going on, and also a good way to learn best-practice for CVS commit messages.
You probably want to set your mail client to automatically move messages from this list into a separate mail folder. You may not want to remain subscribed all the time, but when you are new to the project, it is a great way to do a bit of social-constructionist peer learning about our use of CVS.
Working with branches
This diagram shows how the main moodle module branches into different versions over time.
CVS tree
To see all the current tags and branches that are available, use this command on any old file (such as index.php in the top moodle directory):
 cvs status -v index.php
Some tagging guidelines:
 - Tag and branch names should always be all upper-case.
 - Tags and branches should ALWAYS be applied to the entire module (all of Moodle). Don't tag individual files or directories.
 - We don't allow renaming of tags because people may be relying on them, so get them right the first time!
Trunk development
The Trunk of CVS is the main development version of Moodle. In CVS it is also known as the HEAD, or default branch.
Moodle developers try to keep this stable as possible, but as it usually contains new code it probably has bugs and small instabilities.
Every now and then we decide the product has enough features to make a release. At this time, the trunk is tagged with a MOODLE_XX_BETA tag (in case we ever want to roll back to that point) and a new branch is formed for the release, called MOODLE_XX_STABLE.
A Beta package is also released at this point - it's for testers who don't use CVS but want to test the latest features and report bugs.
Stable branches for each release
As soon as the stable branch MOODLE_XX_STABLE is created, development efforts will fork into two streams for a while. Some people may continue working on new features in the trunk for the next release, but most developers should be concentrating on using the current STABLE branch and fixing bugs that are found in it.
You can switch your local copy of Moodle to the STABLE version using the following command in Unix from the root directory:
 cvs update -dP -r MOODLE_XX_STABLE
After that, all the commands described above will apply to that stable version. To return to the trunk version just issue:
 cvs update -dPA
On Windows clients you should have a menu from which you can choose the branch.
Once the new STABLE branch really stabilises, a release can be declared. Packages are created for distribution and the branch will be tagged (by Martin Dougiamas) with a tag named: MOODLE_XXX
Merging fixes
All bug fixes in any STABLE branch should be merged back into the trunk so that they become available in future versions of Moodle. A floating tag called MOODLE_XX_MERGED needs to be maintained to keep track of the last merge. The procedure for such a merge is as follows (I'm using CVS on the Unix command line but the steps are the same for any CVS client):
This diagram summarises the process
1. I highly recommend keeping one checked out copy of each stable branch and the trunk/head version locally to make it easier to jump between them. Set them all up as virtual web sites on your development machine. I use directories like /moodle/18, /moodle/19 /moodle/dev etc.
2. Update to the latest stable version (I'll use XX in the example but it could be 18, 19 etc) for the relevant files, and do a cvs diff just to double-check exactly what you are checking in. Note you only need to update the files/directories you are working in, but sometimes it help to update everything anyway just to do a final check on the functionality using the web.
 cd /moodle/XX/user
 cvs update -dPA
 cvs diff -c file1.php file2.php
3. If all looks OK, check in the fix to the stable branch. Make sure that the commit message contains the bug tracker ID (eg MDL-1111) and a decent description of your thoughts on the fix. If you don't specify a message in the command line, you'll be put into an editor to type one.
 cvs commit -m "MDL-1234 Corrected a small typo in the user name field" file1.php file2.php
4. Go to the very latest trunk version and make sure it's up-to-date.
 cd /moodle/dev/user
 cvs update -dPA
5. Merge everything into your local copy of the trunk from your stable branch since the last merge. You can use the same sequence of (4) and (5) to merge the changes into other stable branches too (to backport the fix to the previous stable versions).
 cvs update -kk -j MOODLE_XX_MERGED -j MOODLE_XX_STABLE file1.php file2.php
6. Carefully watch the update logs for conflicts, and fix every file that you see with a conflict. Afterwards, it may help to just run a diff to make sure the result is what you expected:
 cvs diff -c file1.php file2.php
7. Check your merged local copy back into CVS trunk version
 cvs commit -m "MDL-1234 Corrected a small typo in the user name field, merged from XX" file1.php file2.php
8. Go back to your branch version
 cd /moodle/XX/user
9. Update the floating merge tag for the affected files (so that it matches MOODLE_XX_STABLE) so that this process can be repeated next time
 cvs tag -F MOODLE_XX_MERGED file1.php file2.php
Finally, the values for $version in all the Moodle version.php files within the stable branch should not be updated at all if possible (except the last digit if absolutely necessary). The reason is that someone updating from a very stable version to the next very stable version could miss database upgrades that happened on the trunk.
In other words, if you have changes to the database schema to commit to a stable branch, please check with Martin Dougiamas, or one of the other core Moodle developers.
Sometimes you fix something in a branch that needs to be "backported" to an earlier branch. This is often the case with security fixes. The procedure is exactly the same as described above, except you apply your changes backward instead of forward (to previous versions instead of HEAD). Here is a summary, using the steps described above. The scenario is that you have a fix in MOODLE_19_STABLE that needs backporting to MOODLE_18_STABLE, but NOT to HEAD (the problem you are fixing


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CAMERA CALIBRATION USING MULTIPLE UNORDERED COPLANAR CHESSBOARDS
The now widely available and highly popular among non-expert users, particularly in the context of UAV photogrammetry, Structure-from-Motion (SfM) pipelines have also further renewed the interest in the issue of automatic camera calibration. The well-documented requirements for robust self-calibration cannot be always met, e.g. due to restrictions in time and cost, absence of ground control and image tilt, terrain morphology, unsuitable flight configuration etc.; hence, camera pre-calibration is frequently recommended. In this context, users often resort to flexible, user-friendly tools for camera calibration based on 2D coded patterns (primarily ordinary chessboards). Yet, the physical size of such patterns poses obvious limitations. This paper discusses the alternative of extending the size of the calibration object by using multiple unordered coplanar chessboards, which might accommodate much larger imaging distances. This is done initially by a detailed simulation to show that – in terms of geometry – this could be a viable alternative to single patterns. A first algorithmic implementation is then laid out, and results from real multi-pattern configurations, both ordered and unordered, are successfully compared. However, aspects of the proposed approach need to be further studied for its reliable practical employment.


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When you visit Myanmar, you will encounter ah-lhu one day or another. What is ah-lhu? It is in deed a religious donation ceremony. People usually do ah-lhu when they donate food and offerings to the monk or the monastry. It can be a sole even. Or it can be in celebration for the wedding, anniversary, or to mark the day a family member died. People usually do ah-lhu at home or at the monastery.
Usually, on the day of ah-lhu, monks are invited to the home. They are then offered food and offerings, after which monks recite Buddha's scriptures and give sermon. After the monks go back to the monastery, meal is served to the invited gusts. This is usually a Burmese formal lunch, although sometimes, it can be monhingha, a popular Burmese noodle soup.
Ah-lhu is an integral part of Myanmar Buddhist life, and most Myanmar people, if they could afford, will do ah-lhu quite frequently.
- Mindat – a Southern Chin Town If you ever want to visit Chin Hills, Mindat is...
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Table of Contents
How to Farm Ginger in Nigeria
Ginger is a popular spice used in Nigeria for its medicinal and culinary benefits. It is used to treat various ailments like colds, cough, and sore throat. It also adds flavor to different dishes, making it an essential ingredient in Nigerian cuisine. Ginger farming can be a lucrative venture for farmers in Nigeria, provided they have the right knowledge and skills. In this article, we will explore how to farm ginger in Nigeria, from planting to harvesting and processing.
What is Ginger?
Ginger is a flowering plant that originated in Southeast Asia. Its scientific name is Zingiber officinale, and it belongs to the same family as turmeric and cardamom. Ginger is a rhizome, which is an underground stem that grows horizontally and produces roots and shoots. The ginger root is the part of the plant that is commonly used in cooking and medicine.
The first step in ginger farming is soil preparation. Ginger prefers loose, well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. The soil should be tilled to a depth of about 15cm and mixed with compost or manure. The soil should be slightly acidic, with a pH of between 5.5 and 6.5. If the soil is too alkaline, add some sulfur to lower the pH.
Ginger is usually planted between March and April in Nigeria. The rhizomes are planted about 5cm deep and 20cm apart in rows that are 30-40cm apart. The planting area should be watered immediately after planting to ensure that the soil is moist. Ginger requires regular watering, especially during the dry season. It is also important to weed the area regularly to prevent competition for nutrients.
Ginger requires adequate nutrients to grow and produce a good yield. The soil should be tested before planting to determine the nutrient requirements. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are the essential nutrients for ginger. The fertilizer should be applied in two stages – before planting and after emergence. A balanced fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 15:15:15 is recommended for ginger farming.
Ginger is usually harvested between 8-10 months after planting, depending on the variety and growing conditions. The leaves of the ginger plant will begin to turn yellow, indicating that it is time to harvest. The rhizomes are carefully dug up using a spade or fork. The rhizomes should be cleaned, sorted, and dried in the sun for a few days. The dried ginger can then be stored in a cool, dry place until it is ready for processing.
Processed ginger has a longer shelf life and can be sold at a higher price. There are different methods of processing ginger, depending on the intended use. Some of the common processing methods include drying, powdering, and pickling. Drying is the most common method, where the ginger is sliced and dried in the sun or a dehydrator. Powdering involves grinding the dried ginger into a fine powder, which can be used as a spice or flavoring agent. Pickling involves soaking the ginger slices in vinegar or brine, which gives it a tangy flavor and preserves it for a longer period.
Marketing is an essential aspect of ginger farming. Farmers can sell their ginger at local markets or to wholesalers who supply to supermarkets and restaurants. Farmers can also sell their ginger online through e-commerce platforms or social media. It is important to have a good understanding of the market demand and price trends to get the best price for the ginger.
Ginger farming can be a profitable venture for farmers in Nigeria. With the right knowledge and skills, farmers can grow high-quality ginger that is in demand in the local and international markets. Soil preparation, planting, fertilizer application, harvesting, processing, and marketing are the key steps in ginger farming. By following these steps, farmers can maximize their yield and income.
1. What are the common pests and diseases that affect ginger plants?
Ginger plants are susceptible to pests like aphids, thrips, and mealybugs, and diseases like bacterial wilt, fusarium wilt, and root knot nematodes. It is important to monitor the plants regularly and take appropriate measures to control the pests and diseases.
2. Can ginger be grown in containers?
Yes, ginger can be grown in containers, provided the container is large enough to accommodate the rhizomes and has good drainage.
3. Does ginger require a lot of water?
Yes, ginger requires regular watering, especially during the dry season. The soil should be kept moist but not waterlogged.
4. How long does it take for ginger to mature?
Ginger usually takes between 8-10 months to mature, depending on the variety and growing conditions.
5. Can ginger be grown in all parts of Nigeria?
Yes, ginger can be grown in most parts of Nigeria, provided the soil and climatic conditions are suitable.


Define withholding tax codes (Financial Accounting Global Settings)
Define withholding tax codes
In this activity you define the withholding tax codes.
In contrast to the withholding tax category which controls the essential calculation options, the tax code mainly determines the tax percentage rate.
You can find more information in the field documentation.
Maintain the required tax codes.
Further notes
All calculations for extended withholding tax are made in the respective country currency. This means that you have to maintain amounts in the company code country currency.


Transition Into Educational Consulting
6 steps to getting started as a fullor part-time educational consultant: learn how to share your teaching expertise and get paid for it!
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If you've read my article Becoming an Educational Consultant and are asking yourself, "How do I get started?" then the advice here is exactly what you need.
I'm Angela. I've been an educational consultant since 2009, conducting workshops and instructional coaching in schools, publishing teaching books, and creating curriculum resources. Check out the About Angela page for more info.
6 steps for transitioning into consulting
I've created an 18 module online course which includes a 100 minutes of video, a transcript, note-taking guide, and an audio-only version so you can listen and re-listen while exercising, driving, or getting things done around the house. In these resources, I share:
 - 6 steps for transitioning into fullor part-time educational consulting
 - How consulting and instructional coaching can go hand in hand
 - Your first actionable step which you should start today
 - How to build your social media presence (even if you're working from scratch)
 - Strategies for networking and growing your following
 - Ways to create passive income so you get paid even when you're not consulting
What this course is (and isn't)
Keep in mind: Consulting is a VERY personal journey, and everyone's path is different. You will need to follow your own vision as you go through each of these steps.You will also need to do your own research to put the steps into practice. For example, one of the steps is creating a blog/website. I can't walk you through the process of creating a blog: that would take hours, and there's a ton of information that has already been shared about that online.
What I CAN do through this course is tell you all the stuff that ISN'T all over the web: when in this journey you will need the blog, why you need the blog, and how to use your blog to establish yourself as an expert in your niche, sell your products/services, and book more clients. The steps are a framework to help you get your business game plan together. As you reach each step, you will need to rely on your own independent, entrepreneurial spirit to determine how the step will fit into YOUR unique business model.
Your questions answered!
After explaining the six steps for becoming a consultant/coach, I spend the last 50 minutes of the course answering frequently-asked questions, including:
 - How to find freelance work for an existing educational consulting or coaching firm
 - How much to charge for coaching and educational consulting services*
 - How to figure out if there's a demand for your expertise & whether your services are valuable
 - How to "do it all" and what it really means to be an entrepreneur
*I also share how much I charge for my services and the going rates in the industry—this is information you cannot find anywhere online. Trust me, I've looked!
Eh, I like free stuff. Why pay for a course?
This is NOT a formal training program. This is simply a video of me sharing my experience and advice with you. The tone and format is casual: it's exactly what you'd hear if we sat down for a cup of coffee in my living room and you asked to pick my brain for awhile.
So why pay for something so simple? Because everything I am sharing in this course is information that took me years to figure out through experience and networking with other consultants. This is not advice that you can just Google. It's information that many educational consultants aren't willing to talk about publicly online: I had to learn just about everything the hard way, through trial and error.
So, you are not paying for a COURSE: you are paying for the VALUE you will get from it. That's a foundational principle of consulting (and the reason why consultants get paid so much): people are never compensating you for your time, they are paying for the value you will add to their organization. It might take ten seconds for a consultant to share a piece of information that inspires transformative practices or nets thousands in sales.
This course provides real value. I am confident of that. The information I am sharing here will save you an immeasurable amount of time, energy, and anxiety over whether you can actually monetize your passion and propel your work to the next level. This information will help you work full or part time in educational consulting where you can earn tens or even hundreds of thousands of dollars.
If you are serious about making the transition into educational consulting/instructional coaching or you feel like you need to know what's really involved before you pursue that career, you have to be willing to invest in your business and yourself. This is the information that will help you devise your game plan and make the transition. Take the leap and start sharing your message with the world!
What you get with this course
You can buy a single user license (i.e. unlimited personal use of) the following resources. You will receive:
 - An 18 module online course with a total of 1 hour and 40 minutes of video
 - A streamable and downloadable 1 hour 40 minute audio-only version (MP3, playable in iTunes)
 - A 31 page PDF transcript so you can easily skim and reference the information shared
 - An 8 page note-taking guide to organize your thoughts and questions as you watch
 - Links to resources mentioned in the video
Your access to these resources will never expire. If you have any difficulty playing the video or audio on your devices, you can contact me via email for support, and I will work with you until you're able to access them.
Your Instructor
Angela Watson
Angela Watson
As founder of Due Season Press and Educational Services, she works as an instructional coach and speaker/presenter. She has been sharing teaching ideas on The Cornerstone For Teachers blog since 2003 (reaching over 8 million visits each year), and hosts Angela Watson's Truth for Teachers podcast, where she provides weekly encouragement and inspiration to teachers around the world.
Angela also creates curriculum resources and five books for teachers, including the best selling title "Unshakeable: 20 Ways to Enjoy Teaching Every Day...No Matter What."
Her most recent venture is the The 40 Hour Teacher Workweek Club, a subscription-based service that is currently helping over 30,000 teachers achieve work/life balance.
Frequently Asked Questions
When does the course start and finish?
How long do I have access to the course?
What if I am unhappy with the course?
Here's what teachers are saying:
"You have made me feel encouraged and inspired. I wasn't sure if consulting was something I would be able to do, but you really helped me see what my strengths are and how I can utilize them in my business." –Gary, Marietta, GA
"We are selling more teaching products than ever before! Thank you SO much for showing us how to spread the word about our resources. You made it sound like a really simple and mangeable process and it actually has been! I can't tell you what a big difference this has made in our website traffic, too. Thank you again!" –Kristy, Philadelphia, PA
"Your transitioning into educational consulting video was so inspirational. It made me feel like I can definitely do this. I am excited to begin my journey!" --Jennifer, Spokane, WA
Get started now!


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ISSN: 0041-3216 (Online), 0041-3216 (Print)
Volume 51 Number 2
A review of work on nitrogen in West Indian soils
Work on nitrogen in West Indian soils is reviewed. It is concluded that the amount of nitrogen in the soil depends on vegetation, rainfall and soil drainage and that the supply of nitrogen available to plants frequently depends on rainfall and on the base-status of soils rather than on the total amount of present. This implies that laboratory tests for nitrogen supplying potential have little value. Fertilizer dressings should be based on soil type, climate and crop demand; vegetative crops on long cultivated, base-deficient soils are more likely to respond to fertilizer N than those on newly cultivated soils with high base status.


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|Format||GIS polygon data. (ESRI, MapInfo, others available by request)|
|Price||30p per km2. Subject to number of users, licence fee and data preparation fee.
More information about licensing data.
A parent material is a soil-science name for a weathered rock or deposit from, and within which a soil has formed.
In the UK, parent materials provide the basic foundations and building blocks of the soil, influencing their texture, structure, drainage and chemistry.
Soils are the result of weathering processes that occur on the Earth's surface where the atmosphere meets the geosphere and hydrosphere. We live in this 'critical zone' relying on our soils to grow our food and sustain the biodiversity and health of our environment.
The Soil Parent Material Model details the distribution of physiochemical properties of the weathered and unweathered parent materials of the UK to:
There are two versions of the Soil Parent Material model available:
Contact Digital Data for more information.


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Harnessing Video Technology
Produced by the Learning and Skills Improvement Service (LSIS), this case study looks at the theme of harnessing technology. It describes how the engineering department of Worcester College of Technology tackled the problem of delivering practical engineering techniques to students in a non-workshop setting when the workshop.
Their solution was to create a series of demonstration videos. This case study includes videos that demonstrate knurling, lathe calibration and vertical milling.
HEALTH and SAFETY
Any use of a resource that includes a practical activity must include a risk assessment. Please note that collections may contain ARCHIVE resources, which were developed at a much earlier date. Since that time there have been significant changes in the rules and guidance affecting laboratory practical work. Further information is provided in our Health and Safety guidance.


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This is a truth that Japanese knives are most sharpen than Western.Yes! This is sourcing from demand by professionals. Western manufacturer are targeting to home kitchens. This is opinion from us! So! The major Western chef knife makers make a lot of compromises regarding the quality of the knife in order to please even the lowest common denominator of consumers. Just as modern tomatoes have been developed to be beautiful and uniform on the shelf, and have lost some of their original rich flavor, so too have the compromises made by Western knife brands hurt the performance of your knives.
The first and perhaps most significant compromise, is steel, which is the heart of the knife. The steels used by many leading European companies are steels designed to maximize rust resistance and deal with abuse on the part of the user (such as throwing into the sink, grinding in cheap appliances, spending the night in a glass of water, etc.) which severely impairs the performance of their knives. European steels are much softer than their Japanese counterparts. The harder the steel, the greater the sharpness of the blade that the knife can reach. But because harder steel is harder to grind at home and unprofessional and more vulnerable to damage as a result of abuse, Western manufacturers have compromised on performance and chosen to produce soft steel chef knives that offer much less performance. The Japanese knives, on the other hand, are built as a hard-cutting steel sandwich between two layers of shock-absorbing soft steel, a technology whose roots lie directly in forging the katana swords, thus enabling much better performance. Hardness is measured on the Rockwell scale - in the HRC ranks. The leading manufacturers in Europe produce knives with a grade of 52-58 HRC, while the Japanese manufacturers work with steels that reach grades of 60-65, and sometimes also 66+ HRC. To illustrate the difference - a Japanese knife with a rating of 62 HRC is more difficult than a Western knife with a rating of 58 HRC by 46%, a huge difference. As we have noted, it is important to remember that harder knives are more fragile and not built to withstand abuse and use with excessive force. It is therefore advisable for those switching from a western knife to a Japanese knife to exercise discretion while using the knife and re-learn the force required to make a cut, not to apply unnecessary force to the blade unnecessarily, nor to rotate the blade during cutting of hard raw materials like pumpkin for example. It is important to remember that harder knives are more fragile and not built to withstand abuse and use with excess force. It is therefore advisable for those switching from a western knife to a Japanese knife to exercise discretion while using the knife and re-learn the force required to make a cut, not to apply unnecessary force to the blade unnecessarily, nor to rotate the blade during cutting of hard raw materials like pumpkin for example.
The second major compromise is at an angle to which the western blade of the knife is sharpened. The blade usually comes at an angle of 25 degrees, and sometimes even duller. This means that if we connect the two sides of the blade, we get a total angle of 50 degrees. Western companies make a blade that is resistant to damage, which is why many of the unprofessional users who purchase these knives do not keep their knives - store them scattered in a drawer, sharpen them with cheap electrical appliances, cut them on a glass board and throw them into the sink at the end of work. Match the knives to the "worst" consumer, in order to maximize market share and reduce complaints and returns. A professional or in-house cook, looking for a knife with performance, will have a hard time enjoying such a knife., Cutting accuracy, The freshness and texture of food is an uncompromising issue in Japan. The Japanese mentality is aimed at maximum performance no matter what. Therefore, stainless steels that have conquered the West have not succeeded in Japan, certainly not in professional kitchens, where they are almost non-existent (For information on types of steels ). Japanese manufacturers make knives at a 12-degree angle, that is, 24 total angles.


Obscure Classified Recordings 2
Boom Bap Labs Presents
 - Title: Obscure Classified Recordings 2
 - Designed by: Alpha Centori
 - Category: Textures
NASA Actually Recorded Sound In Space, And It's Absolutely Chilling.... Now you've probably heard that there's no sound in space, but technically that's not true. Now yes, space is a virtual vacuum. However, sound does exist in the form of electromagnetic vibrations that pulsate in similar wavelengths. NASA designed a special instrument that can record these electromagnetic vibrations, and transferred them into sounds that our ears could hear. And these 30 files are the haunting lost transmissions they captured from space. Where did those sounds come from? Who knows? It's mysterious and creepy...
 - WAV 44.1Khz / 16 bits
 - 30 textures from the depth of space.
 - All textures are royalty free.


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INFLUENCE OF DETERMINISTIC AND STOCHASTIC HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY DISTRIBUTIONS ON PREFERENTIAL FLOW PATHWAYS IN A GLACIAL AQUIFER SYSTEM
MODPATH was used to track the pathways of 100 particles released as line sources at five depth intervals with documented 1,4-dioxane concentrations along the boundary of the contaminant source area. Pathways for 100 realizations of each ensemble were combined to produce cross sections showing the frequency of particles passing through individual model cells along transects spaced at 1 km intervals downgradient of the line source and adjacent to the hypothesized groundwater discharge location along the Huron River approximately 8 km from the line source. Results revealed dispersion of preferential flow pathways related to stochastic K variability proximal to the line source, followed by increasing channelization into preferential flow pathways related to the deterministic hydrostratigraphic framework farther downgradient. Differences in the spatial distribution of particle pathways observed between the ensembles of SIS and SGS ensembles increased with increasing travel distances. These results suggest that the relative influence of deterministic versus stochastic components of hybrid models depends upon the scale of the flow and transport problem under investigation.


Games for Youth Groups1000 Games for Youth Groups
Ball transport on a cling wrap
Time: approx. 3 min., or extend the game
Size of group: playable with a few teammates
Time for preparation: none
Material: Table tennis ball, cling wrap
Game description
Divide the group into several teams each of 5 kids. They are sitting in a line, one behind the other. Now the team leader puts a bucket in front of the first player. Next, the kids unroll a cling wrap above their heads. Another player or the team leader stands behind the last player and put a table tennis ball on top of the cling wrap. The objective for the team is to roll the ball carefully overhead of all players and straight into the bucket. Every time they succeed, they score a point. How many points can you collect in a pre-determined time?
The winner is the team that scores the most points.
[ © ]
Games for youth groups, children's birthday party or community fete.
[Back to Top]


Formatting Pagelet Output
1 Star2 Stars3 Stars4 Stars5 Stars (No Ratings Yet)
Pagelet Formatted
I recently had to create a few pagelets based on query output. One of the issues I have encountered was formatting of the output. For example, displaying currency fields and dates in the format that shows decimal points, comma separating significant digits and adding currency signs.
I read a few references including Chapter 4 in Jim Marion's books, but still had a problem with using formats in XSLT. Recently I found the following reference in Portal PeopleBook – Formatting Date, Time, DateTime, Currency, and Number Elements.
Note. FORMAT, WIDTH, and PRECISION have the same format as the NumberToDisplayString() PeopleCode Function. CURRENCY_CODE can be one of the supported PeopleSoft currency codes, or if left blank, defaults to the user's currency code. CURRENCY_DECORATION can have the value of SYMBOL (currency symbol appears before the number), CODE (currency code appears after the number), or BOTH (the default).
In order to actually format your number correctly I suggest you review the reference PeopleBook Reference for NumberToDisplayString() function.
In my case I wanted to display a column from query output formatted as $999,999,999.00. This resulted in the following section in XSLT template of the pagelet for the column:

 CURRENCY
 $v11.2
 USD
 $

Let me know if you have any questions or suggestions for this or my next posts.
 1. Hanh Minson |
 2. Hanh |
 3. Iouri "Yury" Chadour |
 4. Hanh |
 5. Iouri "Yury" Chadour |
 6. Hanh |
 7. Iouri "Yury" Chadour |
I really want to know what you think


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Mạc Toàn (chữ Hán: 莫全;? – 1593) emperor Vũ An đế was the sixth king of the Mạc dynasty, and effectively the last of the dynasty. He reigned briefly from _PHONE_, following the death of Mạc Mậu Hợp and was followed by various nominal leaders of the Mạc: Mạc Kính Chỉ (_PHONE_), Mạc Kính Cung (_PHONE_), Mạc Kính Khoan (_PHONE_) and Mạc Kính Vũ (_PHONE_).
- Đại Việt Thông Sử, Lê Quý Đôn (1759)
Mạc Mậu Hợp
|King of Vietnam
Mạc reduced to the status of local lords at Cao Bằng
|This biography of a member of an Asian royal house is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|


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December 13, 1991
L86 Dimmer Modules BTU Dissipation
Heat dissipation in ETC dimmer racks is relatively simple to calculate. Use the following table to calculate either watts per dimmer or BTUs per dimmer, them multiply that number by the number of dimmers in the rack. Note that the watt and BTU figures shown below apply to single dimmer, not dimmer modules. (A module contains more than one dimmer)
We suggest you set air conditioning levels to maintain the temperature in the dimer room at 68 degrees or less. ETC dimmers are designed to operate safely in environments with ambient temperatures of up to 104 degrees but, as with all electronics, keeping things cooler will help improve the service of the equipment.


the Document
Open the Document.swift file. Change the read function to the following:
override func read(from data: Data, ofType typeName: String) throws {
 if let fileContents = String(data: data,encoding:.utf8) {
 markdown = fileContents
The code takes the Data object from the saved document and converts it to a Swift string. If there is saved text, set the document's contents to the saved text.
Fill the Text View When Opening a Document
The last step is to fill the text view with the document's contents when you open a document. Override the viewDidAppear function in the text view controller and set the text view's contents to the document's contents.
override func viewDidAppear() {
 if let document = getDocument() {
 textView.string = document.markdown
 updateLivePreview(text: textView.string)
While you're setting the text view contents you should also update the web view so it shows the HTML preview. That's why there's a call to updateLivePreview. If you didn't have the call, the preview would be blank until you typed in the text view.
Now when you run the project you should have a basic Markdown editor. You can create documents, preview the HTML contents, save documents, and open documents.


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The following has already been listed as a feature request at Adobe Bug System and is only to illustrate the situation which is basically the lack of badly needed functionality in ActionScript 3.
The problem relates to
flash.geom.PerspectiveProjection introduced with the load of native 3D in Flash 10.
- The object is added to the stage with the defined x, y, z, rotationX, rotationY and rotationZ properties.
- For a better 3D impression, perspective projection is applied.
- After all transformations on-screen size of the object is required.
The code is illustrative and self-explanatory:
addPerspective() method adds perspective projection and
visibleBitmapBounds() returns a Rectangle with visible bounds of the object.
The result and the problem
Depending on the stage size, the result is the blue 3D-rotated plane in the perspective alongside the traceback:
Plane size: 274x365 Plane bounds: (x=256, y=209, w=274, h=365) Visible, on-screen bounds of the Plane: (x=258, y=215, w=171, h=287)
Plane size and bounds are correct to what it is without perspective transformations, but they don't help with the size of an object on screen.
So what is currently missing from ActionScript 3 entirely, is the means to get visible bounds of the DisplayObject that has perspective projection. It is especially painful if the object can't be output to stage for measuring (
If any math geniuses have a better way to get visible bounds of the object with perspective projection, you're most welcome to share it!


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Using Source Tracking to Grow Your Business
vcita's built in source tracking mechanism allows you to quickly identify the origin of a client's contact with your business. Knowing the source of new conversations is critical for accurately analyzing how effective your advertising efforts are. This insight will help you plan productive marketing activities and invest in the channels that are most lucrative.
This article explains how to view source tracking data in your account and describes some of the parameters involved:
- Viewing the Source Tracking Summary
- Viewing the Source of a Conversation
- Viewing the Source of a Booking
- Viewing Client Sources
- Understanding Conversation Sources and Parameters
Viewing the Source Tracking Summary
The Top Sources section of the Dashboard lists all conversation sources and displays the total number of conversations that originated from each source. The source that generated the most conversations is listed first.
To view your top sources, open the Dashboard menu. On the right side of the page, at the bottom of the Recently Active Clients pane, click Top sources.
Clicking a button in the Top sources pane opens a filtered view of the Inbox that displays only conversations originating from the selected source. For more information, refer to Viewing the Source of a Conversation (below).
Note: Notice that third-party sources, as well as any custom sources you create, are included in the Top Sources summary. For more information about common sources and their parameters, click here. For details about creating custom source tagging, click here.
Viewing the Source of a Conversation
You can check all your conversation sources at a glance, directly from your Inbox. The Sources folder contains a list of sources of all conversations stored in the Inbox. Clicking on a source filters the Inbox view to display only conversations that originated from the selected source.
Viewing the Source of a Booking
To see the origin of an individual booking, open the conversation and scroll to the appointment you want to find the source for. Click on the appointment.
Under More info, you will see the source origin. If the source was a website or other internet link, you will be able to click the URL from the Source details popup to view the source page. For more information about checking sources, refer to Understanding Conversation Sources and Parameters.
Clicking on the hyperlinked source opens the Source details popup, where you can see more information about the source. In the example below, we see that the source originated from the Client Portal, along with the Referring URL.
Here is another example of the different types of sources you may encounter. We see that the source message was sent via SMS (not email), and that the message type (Campaign) was a Reminder message.
To view the sources of many conversations simultaneously, you can export your client list. The export report can display information about all scheduled or requested appointments, including the source of the conversation connected with the bookings.
Viewing Client Sources
It is often useful to review the original marketing sources of your client pool. A client's marketing source is the origin of the first conversation with the client. Examples of marketing sources are automatic messages, direct links (e.g., your client portal), imports, etc.
To view the source of an individual client, go to the Clients menu and click on a client. On the 3rd section of the client's main card, click 'Show more' under Contact Information. The source is then listed on the right side of the page, under Additional Info.
To view the sources of many clients simultaneously, you can generate a Client Report. The marketing source of each client will be listed in the Source column of the report.
Possible sources of a client:
- Initiated by staff: imported or added manually by a staff member
- Client portal: Originated from your client portal
- Direct link: Accessed a direct link
- Website: A widget on your website
Understanding Sources and Parameters
The main sources are:
- Initiated by staff: Manually initiated by a staff member
- Website: An internet page from which a client was able to contact you or make a booking.
- Client Portal: A page of your vcita Client Portal. (The Portal is a site dedicated to promoting you and your business.)
- Announcement: A marketing drive that you create within your vcita account and distribute via email or SMS.
- Automatic message: A message generated by vcita to help you automate business workflows. The messages can be is sent via email or SMS.
You can see the referring URL for a website or Client Portal source in the Source details popup (refer to Viewing the Source of a Conversation, above). In the case of a website source, the popup also displays the Channel, or the type of widget that was used as the source. Some examples of website channels are buttons, calendars and contact forms.
When the source is an Announcement, the popup shows the distribution channel (Email or SMS) and the name of the Announcement. Clicking the link opens the Statistics page for the Announcement.
Other sources include third party integrations (e.g., Quickbooks, Zapier, etc.) and customized source tracking links that you have created.


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Combining microfluidics and FT-IR spectroscopy: towards spatially resolved information on chemical processes
This review outlines the combination of infrared spectroscopy and continuous microfluidic processes. FTIR spectroscopy gives access to the microscopic chemical composition of samples, which can be correlated with their macroscopic properties. This approach is widely used in chemistry or biology to get insights into reactive media. Meanwhile, the miniaturization of flow chemical reactors offers many advantages such as the small amount of products used or the versatility of the reactors. Coupling these two approaches creates major opportunities for the analytical field, although it raises additional challenges. Emphasis is placed on the most recent developments and limitations concerning the integration of infrared spectroscopy techniques within microfluidic devices, while current applications and future opportunities will be discussed.


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Chad Orzel's young son recently read the classic children's book Goodnight Moon by Margaret Wise Brown. He asked his father how long it took the rabbit to say goodnight to everything. Orzel ran some calculations based upon the movements of the moon (pictured above) over the course of the story:
So, how can we use this to measure the passage of time? Well, we know that the full moon in the sky covers an angle of about half a degree of arc. On our big copy of the book, the diameter of the moon in the final illustration is just about 7/8" (I only have an English-unit tape measure here), while the distance from the corner of the window to the outer edge of the moon is 2 and 5/8", exactly three times the diameter. So the moon has moved through about 1.5 degrees in the course of the story.
Now, the Earth rotates through 360 degrees in just about 24 hours, which is 15 degrees per hour (the Moon's motion is slightly slower, owing to its orbital motion, but it's not a significant difference for our purposes). This suggests that the bunny's goodnight ritual takes about 0.1 hour, or six minutes.
Link via Geekosystem
Previously on Neatorama:
Goodnight Keith Moon
Goodnight Forest Moon
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