text:
This presentation explores the role of socialist property institutions for the current commercial transformation of the Chinese agriculture. The concurrent existence of collective ownership of farmland and a rapid transformation of the Chinese agriculture from one dominated by smallholding to increasingly commercial and industrialized economies of scale is puzzling. How can commercial investors in agriculture secure the necessary farmland for their operations if they are unable to own, buy and sell land? How has the Chinese solution - and there has to be one since we see a thriving commercial agriculture - been affected by the continuing existence of the underlying socialist property regime? The central argument presented here is that that the transformation of Chinese agriculture toward commercial and industrialized production takes place not despite socialist property institutions but is, in fact, enabled by them.
The presentation first introduces the path-dependent transformation of the Chinese rural property regime based upon collective ownership of farmland and the Household Responsibility System (HRS) since the beginning of the reforms in agriculture in the early 1980s. It describes how new ideas about the purpose and future of agriculture and smallholding triggered a step-by-step transformation of the HRS to allow market-like transfer of farmland for agricultural usage. The rural practice of these market-like structures is then investigated using data from fieldwork in Shandong, Sichuan, Guizhou an Gansu Province conducted between 2008 and 2016.
Dr. René Trappel is a political scientist with a regional focus on China and East Asia. He completed his PhD thesis at Duisburg-Essen University in 2013 and now works as lecturer at the Institute of Chinese Studies at the University of Freiburg. His main research interests include agrarian change, local governance and urbanization.


text:
An aspect of this that isn't covered by the other answers is the following: you say "we are assuming that an externally applied force is pulling the wall out. It's not the gas that is pushing the wall out." But imagine for a moment that the wall is not moving. The gas is pushing on the wall, so in order for it to remain stationary there must be another force pushing in the other direction.
Now, if we suddenly removed this pushing force and started pulling on the wall, it would move very rapidly, because our pull would be added to the gas's push. If we want the wall to move slowly then we shouldn't stop the force that's pushing the wall inwards, but just reduce it very slightly, and allow the gas to do the work of pushing the wall outwards.
So if the wall is moving slowly then it really is the gas that's doing the work of moving it, and not a pulling force from somewhere else. That's why energy can be lost from the gas in this situation without violating the conservation of energy.
Update to address a comment
Russ comments comments that if the wall wasn't moving then no work would be done. The question, then, is what makes the case of a moving wall different?
The short answer is that work $=$ force $\times$ distance, so if the wall does not move then distance $=0$ and so no work is done, whereas if it does move then the distance is greater than $0$ and so the work is positive.
However, that might not be very enlightening, so let's do a little thought experiment. Let's replace the wall with a piston. We won't assume this piston has an infinite mass. Let's say that the piston is rigid (held together by electromagnetic forces, as Russ says). We'll say that it's not moving right now and is held in place just by being a very tight fit to its mantle. ("Mantle" being the technical term for the cylindrical sleeve that a piston fits into.) Outside of the piston is a vacuum, just so that there's nothing else pushing on it.
This is the same situation as the box - the piston is held in place by its rigidity and its connection to the sides - it's just that making it into a piston makes the next bit easier to explain.
Now let's imagine that the gas starts to push the piston outwards very slowly. In this case the pushing force of the gas is almost, but not completely, balanced by the friction of the piston against the mantle walls. We know there must be friction because if there wasn't then the gas would push the piston out very rapidly.
Now, since there is friction there must be heat generated as the piston rubs against the mantle. Heat is a form of energy, so the question to ask yourself is, where is that energy coming from? There's nothing touching the piston other than the mantle and the gas, so the only place it really can come from is the kinetic energy of the gas molecules. The total amount of heat produced is equal to the force the gas exerts on the piston, multiplied by the distance it moves.
If you understand this example it might help you to see why the case where you remove a sequence of stationary walls is different. In this case there is nothing moving against a frictional force, so there's no heat being generated, and there's nowhere else that the molecules' kinetic energy can go. This is why the energy of a gas does not change when it expands into a vacuum but does change when it pushes against a moving wall.
Finally, it's worth commenting on the difference in approach between this answer and the other ones. In the other answers, the wall was assumed to move slowly not because there was an opposing force but because the wall was infinitely heavy. If there is no opposing force and the wall is not very heavy then the pressure of the gas will accelerate it until it is not travelling slowly any more. The "heavy wall" approach allows you to do the kinematic calculations to see how the energy is lost from individual particles, whereas the "opposing force" picture allows you to see what's happening to the energy on a more macroscopic level. But the same amount of energy will be lost from the gas in either case (the gas can't "know" whether there's a heavy wall or an opposing force), and understanding both cases helps you to get a more complete picture of what's going on.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text: This paper proposes a new control method in the phase-shifted full-bridge converter for the server power supply, which is variable delay time of lagging-leg switches under the light load conditions. By widening the delay time, the switching occurs at the lower drain-source voltage and then switching loss can be reduced under the light load conditions. The voltage stress of synchronous rectifier switches is also reduced. Without additional power devices and side effects at heavy load condition, the higher efficiency under the light load conditions can be obtained. The analysis and experimental results are presented in this paper to confirm the validity of this study.


text:
How many amino acids exist in the biosphere?
Asked by Topperlearning User | 17th Jul, 2014, 04:18: PM
20 amino acids exist in the biosphere.
Answered by | 17th Jul, 2014, 06:18: PM
- What are proteins?
- Give any two examples of amino acids.
- Define a homopolymer.
- Name the most abundant protein found in the animal world.
- Expand the term RuBisCO.
- Name the protein which is most abundantly found in the biosphere.
- When is a protein structure called a tertiary structure?
- Identify the following: Protein which enables glucose to transport into cells Intercellular ground substance
- State the functions of proteins.
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Old Lady
The name of our artwork in Chinese is 和平紀念碑. In English, it means the commemoration of the monument of peace. It is situated in Kaohsiung County and is made of imported Italian black marble. The artist, Guowei Tu, created it in 1993. The monument was built to commemorate the 228 event.
After World War II, because of the corrupt local KMT leadership, people couldn't live a liberated life as they wished. It all started when the Taipei police tried to arrest an offender for selling smuggled cigarettes, which caused bloody conflict involving other vendors. The long buried unsatisfied feelings of the people finally erupted. The conflict then spread, involving the whole of Taiwan. Many innocent people became victims of this tragedy. Whenever people see this monument, they will always be reminded of this tragic event and the importance of peace among the people.
Nela Lin,
2014年10月28日 下午10:06
old lady.mp3
Nela Lin,
2014年10月28日 下午10:07


text:
ARCHIVE: Milk product roadmaps
As part of our work on Sustainable Consumption and Production (SCP), we are developing ten product roadmaps to reduce the environmental impacts across the life cycle of a range of priority products.
The Dairy Supply Chain Forum's Milk Roadmap published May 2008: the first stage of a comprehensive action plan which will help the dairy sector to address its environmental impacts. The document also aims to take into account the economic and social sustainability of the dairy sector.
This is a living document which will be revisited regularly to ensure that the targets and evidence remains relevant. The Taskforce are meeting in plenary sessios twice yearly to review progress on the targets.
A 'One Year On' Report, summarising the achievements so far has been produced by the Taskforce and was published in August.
The evidence base for the Milk Roadmap also highlighted areas for potential future research, which will help refine the roadmap when it is revisited in the future.
- Milk Roadmap – One Year Down the Road (August 2009, PDF 780 KB) A news release has been published.
- Milk Roadmap 2008 (May 2008, PDF 400 KB)
- Evidence base for the Milk Roadmap: desktop study by the University of Manchester to map the evidence on the sustainability impacts across the milk life cycle and supply chain (PDF 1.55 MB)
- Dairy Supply Chain Forum
Evidence showed that milk and meat were high impact product categories, with food and drink consumption and production overall accounting for between 20-30% of all environmental impacts within the EU-25 (European Commission (2006): Environmental Impact of Products). Liquid milk was chosen as a starting point for the roadmap process in this area for a number of reasons, including:
- the market for liquid milk tends to be limited to the UK, enabling evidence on milk to be mapped relatively quickly and clearly
- mapping sustainability impacts for a base product like liquid milk may also produce useful data for future studies on the sustainability impacts of other products
- the willingness of the dairy sector to undertake positive action to map and help to reduce the negative impacts associated with milk production and consumption. Defra have been working in partnership with the Dairy Supply Chain Forum's Sustainable Consumption and Production Taskforce to produce the milk roadmap.
Average liquid milk consumption in the UK is fairly high at around 1.6 litres per person per week for 2007 (or just under 3 pints). Overall consumption has decreased on the previous year by 2.4 percent.
Provisional figures show UK milk production at 12,858 million litres for 2008/2009 with 6,690 million litres (51%) of that destined for the liquid milk market (the remainder going into products such as butter, cheese and yoghurt). Therefore, the Milk Roadmap work captures information relating to more than half of the overall production of milk in the UK (source: MDC Datum).
Defra are continuing to work in partnership with the Dairy Supply Chain Forum's Sustainable Consumption and Production Taskforce in implementing the Milk Roadmap and achieving its targets.
A 'One Year On' Report, summarising the achievements so far has been produced by the Taskforce and will be published shortly.
- Defra: milk and milk products
- Dairy Supply Chain Forum
- Sustainable Consumption and Production Taskforce
Page last modified: 23 November 2009

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Authentic Assessment - " Mission Possible or Mission Impossible?
Faculty of Computing, Health and Science
School of Natural Sciences / Centre for Ecosystem Management
This paper describes the successful implementation of authentic assessment items within two undergraduate units in the School of Natural Sciences. It argues that the content of any authentic assessment needs to ne contextualized and thus discipline specific. Within the field of environmental planning, there is an ongoing debate about both the nature and definition of the subject which makes creation truly authentic assessment problematic. The environment planning unit now includes three assessment items which replicate many of he practices required of an environmental planner. In contrast, in the field of chemistry, it is difficult to replicate the work practices of a professional chemist within the University learning environment. In the chemistry unit, an industry trip and seminar have been included to provide a more authentic learning environment for the students. The paper shows that it is possible to create assessments that are authentic and also meet the University's learning requirements.


Where are polar bears found in Newfoundland?
Polar Bears are most frequently spotted on the Great Northern Penninsula but Polar Bears have been seen as far south as St. John's on the southern Avalon Peninsula, Fogo Island, the Witless Bay Ecological Reserve, and pretty much every coastal community in Newfoundland and Labrador.
Are there bears in Newfoundland island?
The Newfoundland black bear (Ursus americanus hamiltoni) is a morphologically distinct subspecies of the American black bear which is endemic to the island of Newfoundland in Atlantic Canada.
Are there wolves in Newfoundland?
A quick wiki search will tell you the Newfoundland wolf (a subspecies of the grey wolf) is long gone and that the only canine on the island is the coyote, which was recently introduced.
Are there grizzly bears in Newfoundland?
Newfoundland does not have the American Brown bear (Grizzly Bear). Grizzly Bears will stand their ground if you encounter them. Black bears will try to avoid encounters with humans. NL, like Ontario has the Black Bears.
Do polar bears eat humans?
THIS IS IMPORTANT: How long does it take to complete Texas hunter safety course?
Do polar bears eat penguins?
What is the warmest temperature a polar bear can live in?
The warmest areas in summer are inland regions of Siberia, Alaska, and Canada where temperatures can reach as high as 32°C (90°F). The ocean temperatures in the Arctic are about -1.5°C (29°F) in summer.
Can a polar bear survive in warm weather?
Hunt invitation


How does Elie lose his sense of self through his suffering and despair in Night?
Expert Answers
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I would suggest that one way the Eliezer loses his sense of self in the narrative is through the idea that survival becomes the driving force of his consciousness. The brutal conditions of life in the camps help to remove Eliezer from aspects the previously defined his sense of self. The movement from Sighet helps to dislodge him from his physical community. The breaking up of his family helps to remove his emotional sense of self. The violation of his faith loses his spiritual compass. In the end, the Nazis end up reducing Eliezer to a being where survival is the only driving force of his state of being in the world. At the end when Eliezer cannot recognize the face in the mirror staring back at him, it is symbolic as well as a physical displacement that has transpired.
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text:
What is meant by "Constant Amortized Time" when talking about time complexity of an algorithm?
Amortised time explained in simple terms:
If you do an operation say a million times, you don't really care about the worst-case or the best-case of that operation - what you care about is how much time is taken in total when you repeat the operation a million times.
So it doesn't matter if the operation is very slow once in a while, as long as "once in a while" is rare enough for the slowness to be diluted away. Essentially amortised time means "average time taken per operation, if you do many operations". Amortised time doesn't have to be constant; you can have linear and logarithmic amortised time or whatever else.
Let's take mats' example of a dynamic array, to which you repeatedly add new items. Normally adding an item takes constant time (that is,
So each time you enlarge, you take about twice as much time as the last enlarge. But you've also waited twice as long before doing it! The cost of each enlargement can thus be "spread out" among the insertions. This means that in the long term, the total time taken for adding m items to the array is
It means that over time, the worst case scenario will default to O(1), or constant time. A common example is the dynamic array. If we have already allocated memory for a new entry, adding it will be O(1). If we haven't allocated it we will do so by allocating, say, twice the current amount. This particular insertion will not be O(1), but rather something else.
What is important is that the algorithm guarantees that after a sequence of operations the expensive operations will be amortised and thereby rendering the entire operation O(1).
Or in more strict terms,
It basically means that in the worst case scenario the algorithm runs in constant time, averaged over a large number of operations. Which is nice.
The explanations above apply to Aggregate Analysis, the idea of taking "an average" over multiple operations. I am not sure how they apply to Bankers-method or the Physicists Methods of Amortized analysis.
Now. I am not exactly sure of the correct answer. But it would have to do with the principle condition of the both Physicists+Banker's methods:
(Sum of amortized-cost of operations) >= (Sum of actual-cost of operations).
The chief difficulty that I face is that given that Amortized-asymptotic costs of operations differ from the normal-asymptotic-cost, I am not sure how to rate the significance of amortized-costs.
That is when somebody gives my an amortized-cost, I know its not the same as normal-asymptotic cost What conclusions am I to draw from the amortized-cost then?
Since we have the case of some operations being overcharged while other operations are undercharged, one hypothesis could be that quoting amortized-costs of individual operations would be meaningless.
For eg: For a fibonacci heap, quoting amortized cost of just Decreasing-Key to be O(1) is meaningless since costs are reduced by "work done by earlier operations in increasing potential of the heap."
We could have another hypothesis that reasons about the amortized-costs as follows:
Thus amortized-cost analysis + amortized-cost-bounds are now applicable to only the expensive operations. The cheap operations have the same asymptotic-amortized-cost as their normal-asymptotic-cost.


17.5.2 Commands in the MySQL Cluster Management Client
In addition to the central configuration file, a cluster may also be controlled through a command-line interface available through the management client ndb_mgm. This is the primary administrative interface to a running cluster.
Commands for the event logs are given in Section 17.5.6, "Event Reports Generated in MySQL Cluster"; commands for creating backups and restoring from them are provided in Section 17.5.3, "Online Backup of MySQL Cluster".
The management client has the following basic commands. In the listing that follows, node_id denotes either a database node ID or the keyword ALL, which indicates that the command should be applied to all of the cluster's data nodes.


text:
Why Fingers & Toes Get Pruney in Water
Those pruney toes may have helped our ancestors get better footing in wet conditions, and today the wrinkles help us grip objects, scientists have found.
CREDIT: Brian Chase | Shutterstock
Fingers may wrinkle when wet to help people grip wet objects, find researchers, who say the pruney feature may have helped human ancestors do the same in wet conditions.
When a person's hands and feet are soaked in water, wrinkles eventually develop on the tips of fingers and toes. Scientists once thought this puckering resulted from the outermost layer of skin absorbing and swelling with water, but recent studies revealed the nervous system actively controlled this wrinkling by constricting blood vessels below the skin.
That the nervous system controls this behavior suggests these wrinkles served a purpose. Now researchers find these wrinkles could help fingers and toes grip wet surfaces.
"A phenomenon that everybody is familiar with is not just some kind of side effect of the nature of the skin on fingers and toes, but a functional feature that has very likely been selected for by evolution," researcher Tom Smulders, an evolutionary biologist at Newcastle University in England, told LiveScience.
Smulders and his colleagues had 20 volunteers pick up wet marbles and small lead weights of different sizes. Volunteers attempted the task either with normal, dry hands or after their fingers had wrinkled following a 30-minute soak in warm water. The participants picked up wet items 12 percent faster with wrinkled fingers. [10 Odd Facts About the Human Body]
"We have shown that wrinkled fingers give a better grip in wet conditions," Smulders said. "It could be working like treads on your car tires, which allow more of the tire to be in contact with the road, [which] gives you a better grip." Another possibility is that wrinkling causes changes in skin properties, such as its flexibility or stickiness, which help the fingers and toes perform better when wet.
"The most surprising thing to me was how the effect was there in all 20 participants, independent of how fast they were on average," Smulders said. "I never expected the effect to be so strong and obvious."
As a potential explanation of why this effect might have evolved, Smulders said, "it could have helped with gathering food from wet vegetation or streams. And as we see the effect in our toes, too, this may have been an advantage as it may have meant our ancestors were able to get a better footing in the rain."
Wrinkled fingers apparently made no difference when it came to picking up dry objects.
"This raises the question of why we don't have permanently wrinkled fingers, and we'd like to examine this further," Smulders said. "Our initial thoughts are that this could diminish the sensitivity in our fingertips or could increase the risk of damage through catching on objects."
Future research should analyze what other primates or non-primate animals might also show this phenomenon to shed light on when and why it evolved, Smulders said.
"Which other animals share this trait? And is the link among species that share it phylogenetic — that is, they're all related — or environmental — that is, they all deal with submerged objects, for example?" Smulders said.
The scientists detailed their findings online Jan. 9 in the journal Biology Letters.
MORE FROM LiveScience.com


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Assist the Restaurant General Manager (RGM) in the overall management of the restaurant in order to achieve employee P & L, customer, profit, and sales targets and maintain restaurant operational excellence in accordance with Company policies and procedures through team management. In the absence of the RGM, assume full responsibility and accountability of the day-to-day running of the restaurant
- Assist the RGM in the achievement of CHAMPS (Cleanliness, Hospitality, Accuracy, Maintenance, Product and Speed of Service) Standards within the restaurant by ensuring that all employees are focused on exceeding customer expectations for Cleanliness, Hospitality, Accuracy, Maintenance, Product and Speed of Service.
- Ensure that controls and procedures are implemented to protect the safety and security of employees, customers, property, and company funds/resources are protected by all employees.
- Allocate responsibilities to each employee on shift and monitor performance accordingly
- Ensure that all employees follow correct maintenance procedures in accordance with the established maintenance roster and advise RGM of any repairs or maintenance required
- Drive culture in the restaurant by fostering and building engagement by adopting all Culture initiatives.
- Keep RGM informed of any competitive activity that is likely to affect the trading results of the restaurant.
- Forecast and schedule labour by shift and create a deployment plan to control labour costs and still meet the needs of the business.
- Manage shifts in accordance with Company Policies and Procedures including directing the activities of employees in maximising sales, operating efficiency, and profitability.
- Basic understanding of financial information
- Excellent command of the English language
- Strong numeracy skills
- Able to use available resources to assist the RGM to make informed decisions about operating a profitable store.
- Intermediate MS Office skills (Teams, Excel, Word)
- Strong communication skills on various platforms e.g. telephone, e-mail etc.
Vacancy Type: Full Time
Job Location: Cape Town, Western Cape, SA
Application Deadline: N/A


text:
Red GUI Architecture
VID stands for Visual Interface Dialect. It is a dialect of Red, providing the simplest possible way to specify graphic components with their properties, layouts and even event handlers. VID code is compiled at runtime to a tree of faces suitable for displaying.
The GUI code engine contains several parts:
Platform-independent faces management engine
Reactive actions events
Draw dialect interpreter
Reactive actions can be defined directly from VID dialect or can be specified directly using the REACT function.
Draw is a Red dialect for 2D vector drawing. It can be specified in different ways:
in VID layouts
directly in the
drawproperty of any face object
using the DRAW function to draw directly onto an image
An internal API allows multiple backends (OS/graphic system combinations) so that the View engine can be implemented in different environments. Each backend must be capable of extensive 2D drawing for complete support of Draw dialect.
The initial design of VID, Draw and most of View (except for the reactive parts) were created by Carl Sassenrath and implemented in Rebol. Red View is a completely new, independent implementation providing similar features with some desirable improvements. Reactive actions being a prime example.


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Multi-effect for gentle tweaking through to full-on mangling!
ShapeShifter is a multi-effect VST plug-in which gives you a number of tools for changing your sounds, ranging from subtle effects through to extreme mangling of your audio. The following effects modules are included:
1. Waveshaper linked to a step sequencer, allowing you to create changes in tone that normal waveshapers can't achieve
2. Resonant Filter including an LFO and step sequencer to control the cut-off frequency
3. Stereo Delay including step sequencers to vary the delay settings over time
4. Gate to create rhythmic changes in volume
5. Chorus & Reverb to fill out sounds and add some polish
6. Compressor for controlling the dynamics of the audio.
ShapeShifter uniquely ties a waveshaper to a step sequencer, allowing you to blend between waveshaper settings in time with your track, creating interesting changes in tone.
Additionally, the signal path is configurable so that the effects can be ordered any way you like for maximum flexibility.
Price: £35 / €52 / $60
* Fixes a compatibility problem with certain hosts, namely Sonar and Orion.


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1.5 cm in mature plant height.
4. Understand that patterns of association can also be seen in bivariate categorical data by displaying frequencies and relative frequencies in a two-way table. Construct and interpret a two-way table summarizing data on two categorical variables collected from the same subjects. Use relative frequencies calculated for rows or columns to describe possible association between the two variables. For example, collect data from students in your class on whether or not they have a curfew on school nights and whether or not they have assigned chores at home. Is there evidence that those who have a curfew also tend to have chores?
Learn more about our online math practice software.


1. What Is a Delaware Holding Company?
2. Holding Company Controversy
3. Requirements for Delaware Holding Companies
4. How to Start a Delaware Holding Company
Updated July 13, 2020:
The Delaware holding company requirements are very important for parent and holding companies to follow. A parent company can form a holding company in the state of Delaware to hold certain assets of the larger company. If the requirements are not followed properly, the parent company can face lawsuits or even have their holding company shut down.
What Is a Delaware Holding Company?
Holding companies in Delaware were formed because of the state income tax law, which made it possible for foreign companies (those not formed in the state of Delaware) to be partially tax-exempt.
The tax code of Delaware states that corporations that operate within the state boarders only to maintain and manage their investments, intangible property, or trusts that are registered with the Investment Company Act of 1940 as investment companies may be exempt from corporate taxation.
Due to this taxation treatment for such companies, businesses began setting up corporations in Delaware that would act as sort of tax-exempt boxes to put their intangible assets in, called holding companies. These intangible assets or investments include things such as:
 - Stocks
 - Bonds
 - Notes
 - Patents
 - Patent applications
 - Trademarks
 - Trade names
 - Trade secrets
Delaware holding companies are frequently used to hold different types of intellectual property as well as investments. These companies are subsidiaries of larger companies that own the rights to any of the assets held there. The parent company gets licenses for access to those assets, which gives royalties back to the subsidiary company. The fees paid for the licensure are tax deductible. Therefore, using a holding company doesn't add much cost to the operations of the parent company.
Holding Company Controversy
Some states take issue with the idea of holding companies because they see it as a loss of tax revenue that should be theirs. Certain states have actually sued multinational companies such as Victoria's Secret, Radio Shack, and Home Depot in an effort to recover the taxes they missed out on.
Holding companies do offer companies an opportunity to save money, but they can also lead to audits and lawsuits. The states that allow holding companies don't usually have a problem with the practice. However, the states where the companies are primarily doing business sometimes feel they are being cheated out of tax dollars.
The audits and lawsuits the state pursues against holding companies are usually meant to prove that the holding company is only set up to avoid paying taxes. They attempt to prove that the holding company doesn't conduct any business in the state in which it is formed but simply hides assets from taxation.
Requirements for Delaware Holding Companies
Holding companies formed in Delaware must be careful to meet all the necessary requirements to help avoid audits and legal issues. It is essential that the holding company maintains a separate identity from the parent company and a status of good standing with the SOS (Secretary of State). Some of these critical requirements include:
 - Not allowing the holding company to conduct any business beyond simply managing intangible assets.
 - Not allowing the holding company to purchase any property that isn't necessary to manage the parent company's assets.
 - Keeping the holding company up-to-date with all fees and filing requirements with the state.
 - Keeping up with all debt payments required of the holding company.
 - Maintaining the right amount of capital in the holding company necessary to manage the parent company's assets.
 - Maintaining a separate legal identity from any owners or members of the holding company.
 - Maintaining separate records and bank accounts from other companies, including its parent company.
 - Filing separate tax returns from those of the parent company.
Delaware holding companies should also be sure to keep up with all the basic requirements for corporations, like holding annual meetings, filing documents with the state, etc.
How to Start a Delaware Holding Company
To start a holding company in the state of Delaware, you'll follow the basic steps for starting an LLC or corporation in the state. The business's main address should be within the state borders. All Delaware holding companies must adhere to state laws regarding their:
 - Formation
 - Operation
 - Taxation
 - Contracts.
The best way to start and maintain a successful Delaware holding company is to get counsel from an experienced business lawyer.


These are the current rules around going on holiday in the UK - and when foreign trips could be allowed
Tuesday, 2nd June 2020, 4:18 pm
Updated Tuesday, 2nd June 2020, 4:18 pm
Overnight stays outside of your home are still not allowed (Photo: Shutterstock)
Across the UK, lockdown restrictions are gradually starting to ease, with people given more freedom to spend time outdoors and meet loved ones from a safe distance.
As freedom of movement becomes slightly more relaxed, many may be looking forward to the prospect of holidaying again, particularly given the current warm weather.
But are holidays allowed yet?
Can I go on holiday in the UK?
Since the UK government relaxed restrictions in May, people in England are allowed to travel to other destinations irrespective of distance.
However, people must not travel to destinations outside of England, as Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland are each following different government guidance.
Current rules state that day trips to an outdoor space are acceptable, providing you are able to return home on the same day.
As such, an overnight stay away from the place you are living for a holiday, or similar purpose, is not permitted. This includes staying overnight in a second home.
In circumstances where your job requires you to stay away from home, this is acceptable, providing social distancing is maintained.
Hotels and bed and breakfasts still remain closed, except when providing accommodation for specific reasons set out in law, such as for work.
What are the travel rules across the UK?
In Scotland, only recreational trips that are "broadly within five miles" from your home are allowed, and these should be done by walking or cycling wherever possible.
In Wales, people are still advised to stay at home as much as possible and while outdoor exercise can be done more than once per day, it must be done locally.
In Northern Ireland, driving for daily exercise is allowed, although day trips have not been specified in the government guidance.
Instead, people have been urged to "be sensible and limit the number of journeys" that they take.
Indoor gatherings of different households are still banned, but this is being kept under review.
When will holidays be allowed?
Culture secretary Oliver Dowden recently suggested that holidays in the UK could be permitted at the beginning of July, which could see rules change to allow overnight stays.
Self-catering cottages, Airbnb properties, campsites, hotels and holiday parks will still remain closed until at least July.
If the UK government believes enough progress has been made against its five key tests, England could move into phase three of lifting lockdown in July.
In this phase, other parts of the hospitality and leisure sector could be permitted to reopen, including hotels and holiday resorts. However, this phase is not expected to begin until 4 July.
When will foreign holidays be allowed?
Spain's tourism minister confirmed that foreign tourists can book holidays in the country from 1 July, with the mandatory 14 day quarantine rule for foreign tourists to be lifted from this point.
Jet2 will restart its flights and holidays from 1 July, along with Ryanair, while easyJet willresume a number of limited flights from 22 airports across the UK and Europe from 15 June.
The UK government has not yet confirmed when travel bans are likely to be lifted.


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Rural/Urban Counties in North Carolina
Rural: The Rural Center serves 85 of the state's counties. Of these, 80 have an average population density of 250 per square mile or less, as of the 2010 Census. Five rural transitional counties have higher population densities but still retain significant rural characteristics.
Click on the image to enlarge.


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Oil & Gas Maintenance
Maintenance worker delays at shift start-up were costing one of Canada's largest producers of crude oil millions of dollars a year.
- Implement a "site permit process" to maintain safety and enable Maintenance workers to start repairs no later than 30 minutes following shift start
- Reduced permit issue time of 40 minutes, and authorization time by 48 minutes.
- Achieved an annualized productivity increase of $24 million from more time-on-tools.
Implement a Permit Process for MaintenancePDF
Maintenance worker delays at shift start-up were costing one of Canada's largest producers of crude oil millions of dollars a year. The Highland Group was engaged to investigate and repair the work permit process, which was not processing permits needed for the workers to start.
he project began with an analysis of the current situation and the development of new processes required to affect measurable and sustainable changes within the company. Several barriers to success were uncovered and resolved, including poor coordination between business units preventing standardization across site, morning line up and safety talks delaying workers from meeting shift start-up time, and permits being routinely issued for work to be performed right after shift start.
- Installed a Permit Application Tool for reports and charts.
- Developed a real-time reporting structure in Maintenance and implemented standardized reporting across business units.
- Implemented system for submitting permits a day prior to the work being performed.
- Installed a process for conducting a safety review at the job site.
- Developed management accountability and job focus.
- Installed a permit authorization process in Production.
- Developed a streamlined Operator Care Program.
Achieved annualized productivity increase of


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This Population Health Information Tool (PHIT) dataset is a comprehensive dataset for violent deaths in Massachusetts.
- This page, Massachusetts Violent Death Reporting System (MAVDRS) Data, is offered by
- Population Health Information Tool
- Bureau of Community Health and Prevention
Massachusetts Violent Death Reporting System (MAVDRS) Data
About the Data
The Massachusetts Violent Death Reporting System (MAVDRS) collects and links data on all violent deaths within the Commonwealth. It includes detailed information on homicides, suicides, legal intervention deaths, unintentional firearm deaths and deaths of undetermined intent. MAVDRS is an incident-based system and links victims and suspects associated with a given incident in one record. These data can be used to better understand the circumstances and toxicology of homicide and suicide victims by geography.
Data are for deaths occurring in Massachusetts; Massachusetts residents who died out-of-state are excluded from this analysis.
About MAVDRS Data
The system combines information from death certificates, medical examiner records, toxicology reports, police reports and crime laboratory reports. Individually, these sources explain violence only in a narrow context; together, they provide comprehensive answers to the questions that surround violent deaths: who, what, when, where, and, in many cases, why. No other system offers this benefit.
This standardized database is part of the National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) developed and funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention through Grant _TAG_/CE002606. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Circumstances are factors related to the victim and/or incident and can include information such as mental health status, substance use, and relationship problems. Circumstances provide information on possible contributing factors that may lead to a violent death. A person can have multiple circumstances reported in the data. It is also important to remember that some circumstances are more likely to be known and documented than others, and if a circumstance is not identified, that does not necessarily mean it was not present in the decedent's life.
Data can be used to identify classes of substances for which victims tested positive. A victim can test positive for more than one substance class.
Data are analyzed by ICD-10 code.
Counts may differ from other data presented on homicides and suicides for Massachusetts.
To protect individual privacy, counts less than six have been suppressed with complementary suppression applied.
Continue Exploring PHIT Data
Boston, MA 02108
As a publicly available tool, we highly encourage the use of data included in PHIT. Below is an example of how you can cite this webpage to reference any information you find helpful.
[Insert Title of Webpage Here] (n.d.). Population Health Information Tool, Massachusetts Department of Public Health. [Insert URL]
Help Us Improve Mass.gov with your feedback
Thank you for your website feedback! We will use this information to improve this page.
If you would like to continue helping us improve Mass.gov, join our user panel to test new features for the site.


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7 Definitions of Masked
The definition of masked, the meaning of the word Masked:
Is masked a scrabble word? Yes!
- v. - Hide under a false appearance
- v. - Put a mask on or cover with a mask
- v. - Make unrecognizable
- v. - Cover with a sauce
- v. - Shield from light
- adj. - Having its true character concealed with the intent of misleading
- adj. - Having markings suggestive of a mask
Masked is worth 13 points in Scrabble, and 14 points in Words with Friends
There are 6 letters in masked: A D E K M S
Words that can be created with an extra letter added to masked:
53 words found using the letters in "Masked"
5 Letter Words
4 Letter Words
3 Letter Words
2 Letter Words
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Sun GlassFish Enterprise Server v2.1.1 Administration Guide
Shared Libraries
A Shared Library provides Java classes that are not private to a single component and is typically shared by more than one JBI Component. For example, the Java EE Service Engine requires the WSDL Shared Library.
You can do the following operations on Shared Libraries. For detailed steps, log on to the Admin Console, navigate to the JBI node, click Shared Libraries and then click Online Help.


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Find out about the differences between IR and hot-air dryers and discover which features might be most useful to your operation.
Garment screen printers are used to two types of dryers on the production floor: infrared and hot air. Both dryers use a conveyor to transport garments through the curing chamber and use heat to set the inks on the garments (up to 330°F for plastisols). These are the only similarities between these two dryers. The dryers are otherwise very different in design, capacity, versatility, running cost, and level of investment. For starters, infrared dryers work with direct heat radiated from infrared panels to heat up the ink to a specific drying/curing temperature. Hot-air dryers use heated air blown over the garments to transfer the heat. Let's look into the factors that set these two dryer designs apart and discuss the advantages, versatility, and possible limitations of each.
The infrared dryer
The Infrared, or IR, dryer uses electrically heated infrared panels mounted above the conveyor belt in a heat-insulated cover. As the printed garment passes under the IR panels, the radiated heat is absorbed by the ink and heated up to curing temperature. The drying temperature is regulated by the electric power to the element and/or by adjusting the height of the IR panels above the conveyor. The conveyor speed is also adjustable to set the correct drying time. The IR dryer is, by its nature, compact and simple in its design with few moving parts and is consequently a relatively inexpensive investment.
Ink considerations Water-based inks typically do not work well in an IR dryer because the dryer lacks airflow needed to drive out the water from the ink for a proper cure. Some infrared dryers use special IR panels with a small air-circulation fan that creates a moderate airflow to assist in drying. The drying capacity is reduced because water-based inks have a 50-100% longer drying time. The water must be driven out of the garment first before the ink can be heated to the final curing temperature.
Variations in drying temperature Due to the direct heat radiation, the drying temperature can be difficult to control and, therefore, may vary depending of what type of garment is used and the thickness of the print. Always test various dryer settings for best results each time you use any new type of garment or ink for the first time. This will minimize the risk of scorching the garment or under/over curing the ink.
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Software Downloads
DataAssist™ Software
DataAssist™ Software is an easy to use data analysis tool that utilizes the Comparative CT (ddCT) method to rapidly and accurately quantitate relative gene expression across a large number of genes and samples.
Core Workflow
The main steps in the analysis performed by DataAssist™ Software are:
 1. Read export files (.txt or.csv) from supported instruments and software
 2. Perform raw data QC analysis and provide associated plots
 3. Perform sample normalization for each assay
 4. Perform QC analysis on normalized data
 5. Perform relative quantification for sample comparison; perform t-test for sample group comparisons; and produce graphics to visualize test results.
Easy to Use
The analysis workflow in DataAssist™ is simple and straightforward, you can import raw data from up to hundreds of plates or TaqMan® Arrays, change analysis settings including selection of normalization controls and method (single or multiple control genes). It provides instant response and fast calculation, allows normalization using multiple reference genes, and provides analysis results in content-rich tables and scalable graphic charts that are easily exported.
Figure 1:
Control Plot
(click to enlarge)
Figure 2:
Volcano Plot
(click to enlarge)
The license for using this software is limited to data generated from Applied Biosystems® Real-Time PCR instrumentation.
Download Now
Register and download DataAssist™ Software


How To Spot A Trend Versus A Fad
How To Spot A Trend Versus A Fad
Nils Vesk (pictured below) is an innovation architect who's delivered programs for some of the most prestigious organisations in the world, including Microsoft, IBM, Commonwealth Bank and Nestle. In this guest post for B&T, he shows you how to spot a lasting trend that's not merely just another passing fad…
The importance behind learning to differentiate a trend from a fad is that no business wants to waste time and energy developing a new product, just for it to reveal itself further down the line as a short-lived fad. As such, a key skill any innovator must learn is how to identify the difference between the two early on.
Screen Shot 2018-05-22 at 3.32.12 pm
First things first, a fad can be defined as something that people believed would be a long-term trend, but that then disappeared as people quickly lost interest.
So, what is a trend? And why are they so important in business? Often when people hear of trends, they think of a something that appears overnight, becoming instantly popular, before disappearing in the same manner. In actual fact, trends can be longer-term, in some cases sticking around for many years.
In business in particular, it's crucial to be able to identify trends that will disrupt your industry and capitalise on them before your competition. The ability to do this will give you the head start, allowing you the opportunity to create new products and services and even create a new market by spotting a gap before others.
When it comes to trends, we can break them down into three compartments: uncertainties, disruptors and trends. In business, it's important to identify the key uncertainties that could impact our customers and industries as a whole. Following this, it is key to then be able to identify is what disruptors are arising, the impacts that they might have and then finally the specific trends that are emerging around or from these drivers and uncertainties.
Here are the five phases of a trend:
 1. Dawning – an emerging trend
 2. Developing – a trend that is gaining momentum and is being developed by various parties
 3. Developed – a trend that is fully fledged and has hit mainstream interest
 4. Decaying – a trend that has done it's time and is becoming 'old' in the mind of users or customers
 5. Discarded – a trend that is no longer in demand and has been superseded by something more exciting, superior, different or by adding new value
Clearly, it makes no sense to begin working on a developed, decaying or discarded trend, but instead to succeed it's imperative to jump on a dawning or even early stage developing trends. To become an innovator, we must learn how to scan the business world to discover these dawning trends and potential disruptors.
A number of determinants can affect a trend's duration, including:
 - Differentiation – This refers to how unique and memorable the new trending product or service may be. Differentiation is more important for some industries than others, and can be critical to their success. Essentially, when assessing an emerging trend ask yourself "Is this unique or really different to what currently exists?" as well as "Is this product/ service remarkable i.e. does it give me something to remark about?"
 - Superiority – How well does the product or service compare to its competitors? It's important to understand how effective and efficient a product is, whether it could be of more value to your audience, and whether it is more affordable than other similar products on the market.
 - Newness – How long has the product or service been on the market? Do your research and see if there are existing similar products on the market. If similar products do exist, when did they first come onto the scene?
 - Performance – How well does the product perform in relation to customer expectations? Does it do what it is advertised to do? Does this satisfy customer needs or desires?
 - Customer community – How does the user or customer community interact with and use the new product or service? How large is the potential audience of this trend? Communities can play a big part in the success of a product or service, and part of this can sometimes be made up by the 'why' of the product. Having a cause creates bigger community participation and trend duration and creates purpose for the product. Also ask yourself "Does the trend exclude a crowd?" Some trends are successful simply because they exclude people and therefore appeals a nice/specific customer group and caters to their specific needs/wants which in turn increases the loyalty of the trending product or service.
 - Aesthetics – This refers to how timeless the design of the product or service experience may be. Will the service and its design still be relevant in a few years?
 - Ground-breaking – Does the product cause a total revolution or a simple evolution? Does it solve/alleviate a problem? Will it change peoples' life in some way? Will this signal the end of an era or create a new one?
 - Market category – Does the trend, product or service create a new market category? Does it extend on current products and services and take a portion of market share, or does it create an entirely new category?
Once you've assessed the trend according to the above criteria, you can use a polar chart to map out the impact that a certain trend may have, which is crucial for businesses when deciding whether a trend is worth pursuing.
Vesk will be hosting 'The Next Big Thing' Masterclasses throughout May and June in Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane where business leaders will discover the trends that will impact their industry, their team and their customers, and how they can capitalise on them.
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Nils Vesk
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Water and phosphorus (P) are two critical resources for high nature value farming in semi-dry mountains.
ey are major drivers of grassland productivity but can negatively aect plant diversity. Soil moisture
is known to aect soil microbial activity and plant P nutrition but the eects of irrigation on soil P
status, soil microbial P and plant P nutrition in semi-natural grasslands remain largely unexplored, which
impedes the optimization of fertilization. e aim of this study was to assess the mid-term eects of
irrigation on P availability in the soil, the size of the soil microbial P pool and plant P nutrition in semi-dry
mountain grasslands. At the end of a ve-year irrigation-fertilization factorial experiment on eleven seminatural
grasslands of an inner-alpine valley, soil P availability and herbage P content did not signicantly
dier between the irrigated and the not irrigated treatments. Fertilization increased herbage P content
from 2.2 to 3.1 mg P kg-1 dry mass (P<0.001). e size of the microbial P pool remained unaected by
irrigation and fertilization. We conclude that for semi-natural mountain grasslands, no correction factor
for irrigated compared to not irrigated meadows is necessary to estimate the P fertilization requirement
per unit of herbage yield.


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I recently wrote about my 4-year old who only drinks milk from her straw sippy cup wondering when to give them up. A number of you mentioned you had no idea either. So I asked around, did some investigative work and discovered 5 important things parents need to know about starting, using and stopping sippy cups.
1. Start them early: Babies usually start solids by the time they're 6 months. This is also the time it is okay to introduce water and (diluted) juice. It's a good idea to get a few starter sippy cups, with handles, lids and a hard spout, to get your child used to the idea that liquids (including milk) can come in something other than a bottle or breast.
While babies will have fun throwing these cups for a while, by 9 months many will start drinking from it. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends children stop the bottle and drink from sippy cups by one year of age.
2. Use sippy cups wisely: Once your child is using a sippy cup you need to use them wisely. According Healthy Children, a website powered by the AAP, avoid using sippy cups as a pacifier or allowing kids to sip on them throughout the day unless its filled with water. Sprout sippy cups filled with milk, juice or juice drinks, allow sugar (even natural sources) to stay in the mouth longer and increase the risk of tooth decay.
This may be why cavities have increased by 15 percent from 1994 to 2002 in children 2-5 years old according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
3. Drop the sprout cups ASAP: Traditional sippy cups are only supposed to be used as a short transition to real cups. Overuse of sippy cups can cause more than dental caries, they can also contribute to speech difficulties.
Because children suck on sippy cups the way they do bottles, if used too long, it can change the position of the tongue and teeth, potentially causing lisps and articulation problems. According to this Web MD article, the traditional sippy should only be used for about a month. Using cups with a straw are much better for speech development and dental health.
Bottom line: switch to a straw cup as soon as you can.
4. Encourage kids to drink from regular cups: The AAP recommends teaching children to start drinking from regular cups between 12 and 15 months. Once children master this, you might want to use regular cups at meals and straw cups for water on the go.
Another drawback to young children sucking for too long is something called Oral Myofunctional Disorder (OMD). According to the International Association of Orofacial Myology's website, the symptoms include one of the following:
1. abnormal thumb, finger, lip, and tongue sucking habits
2. an inappropriate mouth-open lips-open resting posture problem
3. a forward interdental rest posture of the tongue problem
4. a forward rest position of the tongue against the maxillary incisors problem
5. a lateral, posterior interdental tongue rest posture problem
6. inappropriate thrusting of the tongue in speaking and/or swallowing.
These abnormal habit patterns, functional activities, and postures can open the dental bite beyond the normal rest position. This can result in a disruption of dental development in children and over-eruption of selected teeth in adults.
A prime example of an OMD, familiar to all pediatricians and dentists, is a retained sucking habit or use of a sippy cup. While it is tempting to ignore such habits since some children do outgrow them, many children do not spontaneously discontinue noxious habits and will need help in eliminating the habits.
5. Part with sippy cups between 2 and 3 years: According to the AAP Pediatric Nutrition Manual, children are developmentally ready to give up sippy cups by 2 to 3 years of age. Will it hurt to use them to prevent spills once and awhile? Probably not. If your child uses an open cup and some sippy cups with straws it is probably okay.
But just like we advance textures with our babies and let toddlers use utensils, we have to do the same with drinking. It's an important and overlooked part of development.
Anyone having trouble getting your child to give up the sippy cup habit?
AAP Pediatric Nutrition Handbook — 2008
IAOM — Dentists and Physicians


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What does MOB mean in Community?
This page is about the meanings of the acronym/abbreviation/shorthand MOB in the field in general and in the Community terminology in particular.
Men Of Bordentown
Find a translation for MOB in other languages:
Select another language:
What does MOB mean?
- mob, rabble, rout(noun)
- a disorderly crowd of people


How To Hard Reset iPhone 7 or iPhone 7 Plus (Guide)
iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus have a different kind of home button. Even though the home button looks the same, it is actually not a mechanical button like the one found on previous models. Instead of having an actual click, it gives an illusion of a click when users presses the button with a vibration effect. Thanks to iPhone 7's Taptic engine the vibration 'almost' feels like a normal click. Because iPhone 7 does not have a traditional button Apple has changed the way we can hard reset iPhone 7 or iPhone 7 Plus. The new way is as simple as it was before and involves user pressing two buttons at the same time. In this post we will show you how you can hard reset an iPhone 7 or iPhone 7 Plus in case your device gets stuck etc.
Tutorial For iPhone 7 or iPhone 7 Plus Hard Reset
In order to hard reset your iPhone 7 or iPhone 7 Plus follow the simple steps below.
Step 1: Hold your iPhone 7 in such a way that you can press the power and volume down buttons at the same time.
Step 2: Once you are comfortable press and hold the Power button and the Volume down buttons at the same time.
Step 3: Keep the buttons pressed as the screen turns off.
Step 4: Let go of the buttons as soon as you see the Apple logo.
The turning off of the screen and appearance of the Apple logo means you have successfully hard resetted your iPhone 7 or iPhone 7 Plus. This new way of iPhone hard reset might take a while to get used, however this change is for the better. Since both the buttons you are supposed to press are on either sides of the device, this makes it easier for users to press them together with one hand only.
Let us know what you think of this new hard reset method in the comments section below.
Related Posts


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The following steps will guide you on how to view or print weekly, monthly or termly role call reports for a class.
- Click on Form Teacher.
- Select Make Roll Call.
- Select a class.
- Choose View Role Call Reports.
- Select from the first drop-down from the left whether to view weekly, monthly or termly reports.
- Choose the week to view (week 11, for instance).
- Click on the role call.
- Click the Print Report button.


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View Full Version : Neutron Stars have charge...waa?
2008-May-24, 01:54 AM
Pardon me if this has already been asked, but since neutrons don't have charges, how can a neutron star have a magnetic field?
The composition of a neutron star is known only via theory, and theoretical details are not complete. However, a neutron star is believed to contain not only neutrons but also quarks, electrons, protrons, and nuclei of elements heavier than hydrogen, so there is plenty of charge present to account for a magnetic field. For more details, Google "neutron star" and go to "Structure" in the Wikikpedia article.
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The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between the concentration of psychrophilic bacteria, mesophilic bacteria and mold fungi in bioaerosols, and the number of new cases of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in children.
Methods: Air samples from the Lubelskie and Pomeranian voivodeships in Poland were collected from January 2015 to December 2016 in winter, spring, summer and autumn. Thirty-three samples were collected in the Pomeranian and 27 in the Lubelskie voivodeship. The air samples were collected on the first day of each month at 1:00 pm for 10 mins at a height of 1.5 m above the ground. The number of mesophilic bacteria was detected after 24–48 hrs incubation at 37°C on tryptone soya agar (TSA; Merck, Darmstadt, Germany). The number of psychrophilic bacteria was detected after 72 hrs incubation at 22°C on TSA. The number of fungi was detected by a 5-day long incubation at 28°C on chloramphenicol yeast glucose agar.
Results: In the Lubelskie voivodeship, the mean concentration of psychrophilic bacteria was significantly higher than in the Pomeranian voivodeship (2739 vs 608 CFU/m3, respectively), the mean concentration of mesophilic bacteria was significantly higher (2493 vs 778/m3, respectively) and the concentration of fungi was significantly higher (3840 vs 688 CFU/m3, respectively). We also showed a statistically significant relationship between the number of children with recently diagnosed T1DM and the mean concentration of psychrophilic and mesophilic bacteria in the Pomeranian and Lubelskie voivodeships (P<0.001). Moreover, we found a significant relationship between the number of new cases of T1DM in children and the mean concentration of fungi in bioaerosols in the Lubelskie voivodeship (P<0.001), but not in the Pomeranian voivodeship (P=NS).
Conclusion: The results of our research showed that there is a higher concentration of microbial particles in the Lublin voivodeship. Therefore, we recommend changes in climate for children (trips to the sea, mountains, etc) as often as possible.
Click here to read more.
About the AuthorEmily Rachal
Take our free mold quiz here


Common terms used in knife-making.
Damascus (Pattern-welded) Steel
Steel made with a wavy surface pattern produced by hammer-welding strips of steel and iron followed by repeated heating and forging, used chiefly for knife and sword blades. Such items were often marketed, but not necessarily made, in Damascus during the medieval period. Forms or styles of Pattern-welded steel include: Cable, Chainsaw, Roller Chain, Band Saw.
Masur Birch
Masur Birch is not a particular species of birch, but is rather a grain figure that is most commonly seen in Downy Birch and Silver Birch. It is also sometimes known as Karelian Birch—with Karelia being a region between Finland and Russia. Once surmised to have been caused by the boring larvae of a certain beetle, Masur Birch in Norway has been shown to be hereditary, classifying the name of the variant as Betula pendula var. Carelica. Regardless of the exact cause and makeup of the peculiar grain pattern, the resulting figure and appearance is very similar to burl wood or birdseye maple, though of a different origin. Masur Birch is commonly used for turned objects, decorative veneer, knife handles, and other small specialty items.
The unfinished stock of metal of a knife blade from which the knife maker forges into a knife.
Wootz Steel
A steel made anciently in India by crude methods in small crucibles according to the oldest known process for making fused steel.


text:
Inspection Control - Focus on Stamp Warranty
After completing this course, the student should be familiar with the basics and importance of the stamp warranty inspection control. The student should completely understand the procedures required for implementing and maintaining an inspection control program with a stamp warranty focus.
Why Learn about Stamp Warranty?
Aerospace projects consist of complex systems of interdependent components. To ensure that the entire system works properly, it is of utmost importance that all of its components are functional and integrated seamlessly. To guarantee this, it is necessary that the system and its components be inspected at different points throughout the project life. Inspection control and the uses of stamps allows you to keep track of the inspections that different components of the system have undergone. While this course describes the methods used by NASA, for academic payload projects you could adopt simpler versions of the inspection control procedures. The main purpose of proof of inspection is still valid for your project.
- What is Inspection Control?
- Personal Warranty in Inspection Control
- Inspection Control System
- Stamps and Marking Materials
- Stamp Designs
This course's structure is strongly based on NASA's SMA Technical Excellence Program (STEP) - "Inspection Control and Personal Warranty", SMA-QE-WBT-252 and "Inspection", SMA-QE-WBT-251, courses, images and content are courtesy of the NASA STEP program.


Tip of the week # 539
7 April 2018
Jump to a specific date in Google Calendar *
Do any of you use Google Calendar? Perhaps not for work, but privately? It's a free, intuitive online calendar developed by Google that you can easily access from your phone, tablet or computer. If you want, you can even share it with family or friends.
Like with Outlook there are various ways to display a specific date in Google Calendar. If you want to jump to a specific date there is a great shortcut.
Here's how:
 1. Open Google Calendar on your computer.
 2. Press G. (Easy to remember if you think of Go To.)
 3. Type the date you want to jump to. For example, 1/5. (No need to type the leading zeros or year.)
 4. Press ENTER or click GO.
To redisplay today's date click on the TODAY button or simply press G and type today.
Oh, and how about the following three shortcuts:
 1. D: show the daily view
 2. W: show the entire week
 3. M: show the month
Related tip:
Tip # 485: Jump to a specific date in your Outlook calendar ( tip_485.php )


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Mean stability of switched linear systems
MetadataShow full item record
A switched linear system is a dynamical system that consists of multiple linear time-invariant systems, called subsystems, and a piecewise constant function, called a switching signal, that orchestrates the switching between the subsystems. For the last two decades switched linear systems have attracted a significant amount of attention due to their wide range of applications. Stability, which is the first property that every controlled system must have, has been one of the central topics in the study of switched linear systems. In particular mean stability, that roughly speaking requires stability in average, is known to be a rather practical and easy to check stability notion. There are now many conditions available to check the mean stability of linear switched systems with various different stochastic structures. However, there are still some important classes of switched linear systems whose mean stability cannot be checked by available methods. This thesis gives the characterization of the mean stability of discrete-time switched linear systems with identically and independently distributed system parameters and continuous-time (semi )Markov jump positive linear systems. These conditions can be checked by the eigenvalues of a matrix and also extend the stability conditions obtained in the systems and control theory literature. We also study the mean escape time and the asymptotic behavior of switched Riccati differential equations naturally induced by switched linear systems.


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Today Oceana published a report showing that three trawl fisheries, calico scallops, rock shrimp and royal red shrimp, pose an increased threat to South Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico deep-sea habitat.
- Calico scallops are smaller and less expensive than bay scallops. Because calico scallops are harvested in vast quantities they are not shucked by hand but are steamed to open their shells. Calico scallop meat can be identified by its whitened edges which have been partially cooked by the steaming. Because of their size, taste, and quality they are generally cheaper.
- Rock and Red shrimp are far more perishable than other shrimp. Therefore, most are marketed in the raw frozen state as either whole or split tails. Rock shrimp are purchased according to size, however the largest size generally available is 21 to 25 per pound. They are also lower in price than other shrimp
So with respect to these avoid cheap shrimp and scallops. Your best bit is to avoid supermarkets and head to an experienced fish monger or seafood shop where you can ask question about exactly what you are getting. The minimum wage fish counter help at Stop and Shop doesn't know or care.


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Aberdeen Proving Ground (APG) is a United States Army facility located near Aberdeen, Maryland, (in Harford County). Part of the facility is a census-designated place (CDP), which had a population of 3,116 at the 2000 census.
APG is the U.S. Army's oldest active proving ground, established on October 20, 1917, six months after the U.S. entered World War I. Its location allowed design and testing of ordnance materiel to take place near contemporary industrial and shipping centers. The proving ground was created as a successor to the Sandy Hook Proving Ground, which was too small for some of the larger weapons being tested. At the peak of World War II, APG had billeting space for 2,348 officers and 24,189 enlisted personnel.
Other parts of APG not attached to the main installation include the Churchville Test Area in Harford County, and the Carroll Island and Graces Quarters in Baltimore County, Maryland. The Churchville Test Area is a test track with hills that provide steep natural grades and tight turns to stress engines, drivetrains, and suspensions for army vehicles, including M1 Abrams tanks, Bradley Fighting Vehicles, and Humvees.
Edgewood Chemical Activity is a chemical-weapons depot located at APG. Elimination of the chemicals held here was put on an accelerated schedule after the September 11, 2001, attacks, and all chemical weapons were destroyed by February 2006.
APG is located at and occupies a land area of 72,962 acres (114.0 sq mi; 295.3 km2). Its northernmost point is near the mouth of the Susquehanna River, where the river enters the Chesapeake Bay, while on the south, it is bordered by the Gunpowder River. The installation lies on two peninsulas separated by the Bush River. The northeastern is known as the Aberdeen Area and the southwestern is called the Edgewood Area (formerly the Edgewood Arsenal).
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 12.0 square miles (31.1 km2), of that, 11.4 square miles (29.5 km2) of it is land and 0.6 square miles (1.6 km2) of it (5.09%) is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,116 people, 805 households, and 763 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 274.1 people per square mile (105.8/km²). There were 902 housing units at an average density of 79.3/sq mi (30.6/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 50.5% White, 34.6% African American, 0.6% Native American, 3.1% Asian, 1.3% Pacific Islander, 5.7% from other races, and 4.2% from two or more races; 11.2% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 805 households out of which 78.0% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 84.1% were married couples living together, 8.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 5.2% were non-families; 4.3% of all households were made up of individuals and none had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.52 and the average family size was 3.63.
In the CDP the population was spread out with 40.1% under the age of 18, 10.3% from 18 to 24, 44.9% from 25 to 44, 4.4% from 45 to 64, and 0.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 25 years. For every 100 females there were 113.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 117.6 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $38,875, and the median income for a family was $40,306. Males had a median income of $26,943 versus $26,194 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $12,808. About 4.2% of families and 5.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.4% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.
Under the Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) program, as announced in 2005, the APG is projected to lose the Ordnance School and associated R&D facilities with 3862 military and 290 civilian jobs moving to Fort Lee, Virginia. APG will gain 451 military and 5,661 civilian jobs from Fort Monmouth, New Jersey. There is a net loss of 3,411 military jobs under BRAC and a net gain of 5,371 civilian jobs.
In 2005, APG executed an Enhanced use lease (EUL) partnership with Opus East, L.L.C. (a subsidiary of Opus Corporation), a commercial real-estate development company. The EUL allows APG to ground lease "temporarily underutilized" land of the installation to a selected real estate developer. APG uses the proceeds from the ground lease for facility improvements and maintenance on the installation (i.e., new buildings, infrastructure improvements, deferred maintenance, road upgrades on post, etc.). In June 2009, Opus East assigned its EUL development rights to St. John Properties, Inc., a Baltimore-based commercial real estate development firm.
Under the EUL, St. John Properties has entered into a long-term ground lease of federally owned property for the development of commercial office space and research-and-development (R&D) space. The EUL development will provide new, high-quality buildings and facilities for the military/civilian tenants and their supporting government contractors who are relocating to APG because of the 2005 round of the BRAC process. The development of the EUL, known as The GATE Office and Technology Park or "The GATE" project, comprises 416 acres (1.68 km2), 11 land bays, and up to 3,000,000 square feet (300,000 m2) of development potential both inside and outside the secure perimeter of APG. St. John Properties is building new speculative office and R&D buildings for lease to both defense contractors and military/federal agencies.
In addition to office and R&D buildings, St. John Properties is developing an office and retail component just outside APG's security gate. The GATE is being developed to meet anti-terrorism and force-protection standards, and will include sustainable-design elements to achieve LEED Silver Certification. The GATE is strategically located to allow private military contractors (PMCs) doing work for various military commands on APG to be closer to their client. The first building at The GATE was delivered in 2008 to CACI, an information-technology security PMC. In October 2010, L-3 Communications took occupancy of a 75,000 square feet (7,000 m2) building at The GATE, as did Raytheon Company, another 75,000 square feet (7,000 m2) building. In 2010, St. John Properties delivered three additional speculative buildings for lease. Complete development of The GATE project is expected to span five to 10 years.
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Lettris is a curious tetris-clone game where all the bricks have the same square shape but different content. Each square carries a letter. To make squares disappear and save space for other squares you have to assemble English words (left, right, up, down) from the falling squares.
Boggle gives you 3 minutes to find as many words (3 letters or more) as you can in a grid of 16 letters. You can also try the grid of 16 letters. Letters must be adjacent and longer words score better. See if you can get into the grid Hall of Fame!
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text:
In Collaboration with World Forum Foundation
In Loving Hands: How the Rights for Young Children Living in Children's Homes Offer Hope and Happiness In Today's World by Elsa Chahin with Anna Tardos, is the definitive book that advocates for children living in residential settings. Under the proper circumstances, these institutions, while not always having provided the ideal climate for healthy growth, both emotionally and physically, can operate in the best interests of children when they adhere to the precepts of this book.
Written in three parts – an overview, the declaration of 10 rights and global voices of experience – In Loving Hands offers an in-depth look at how the quality of care in residential homes can be improved through information, detailed guidance and applicable tools. After comprehensive research, the authors have made it their mission to support institutions in successfully caring for young children in group settings.
No longer is it necessary for institutes to be branded as "Dickensian," as this book provides the tools for creating a safe and nurturing environment, with children receiving responsive care from trained, educated and caring adults. The authors of In Loving Hands offer a responsible, pragmatic and passionate alternative to the familial home, one where children are able to thrive and grow up to be healthy, happy and productive members of society. Equally important is the idea that the information in this book can also apply to parents blessed to be raising children at home.


text:
In mathematical logic, the Law of Syllogism says that if the following two statements are true:
(1) If p, then q.
(2) If q, then r.
Then we can derive a third true statement:
(3) If p, then r.
If the following statements are true, use the Law of Syllogism to derive a new true statement.
1) If it snows today, then I will wear my gloves.
2) If I wear my gloves, my fingers will get itchy.
Let p be the statement "it snows today", let q be the statement "I wear my gloves", and let r be the statement "my fingers get itchy".
Then (1) and (2) can be written
1) If p, then q.
2) If q, then r.
So, by the Law of Syllogism, we can deduce
3) If p, then r
If it snows today, my fingers will get itchy.


text:
Back to List
Perspectives on Logistics Leadership
Five critical dimensions for leadership in logistics can be identified to transform the 20 percent of the logistics change initiative directly within the control of a companys logistics organization. As a catalyst for widespread change, however, logistics leadership must include many other areas of business.
Few logistics executives have been trained in leadership and change management and most have limited experience with successful change. Since there are few university programs in leadership or change management, most managers extend their limited academic background with on-the-job experience to guide them. To effectively lead and provide the direction for change, it is important that executives understand the dimensions of logistics leadership and the dynamics of supply chain change.
The most fundamental point to keep in mind about logistics and supply chain leadership and change is that a business process that provides some level of performance is almost always in place. Rarely does logistics change management commence from ground zero. Management must begin with the existing process, keep it working at a level to maintain adequate performance during the change process, and redesign and implement enhanced supply chain processes. Logistics and supply chain change improves a process or practice that isnt broken and, in the minds of some, doesnt need to be fixed.
Logistics leadership and change management requires the ability to identify the vectors of logistics change and then the ability to propose and operationalize initiatives to profit from being the first to respond. Based on the Supply Chain Process Model introduced in 21st Century Logistics: Making Supply Chain Integration a Reality, Exhibit 1 illustrates the major capabilities critical for logistics leaders. The ball illustrated in motion by the dotted lines represents the rapidly changing supply chain environment. Like supply chain requirements, the motion is constant and it is continuously being redirected under the influence of customer and competitive actions. The Supply Chain Change Process Model suggests five critical dimensions for logistics leadership. The dimensions include:
The first dimension is the ability to understand both customer and end-customer supply chain requirements. This includes understanding service requirements and performance levels that will be necessary to satisfy intermediate and end-customers today and especially in the future. For example, logistics leaders must be able to identify the changing delivery and service requirements of channel segments or even of individual customers. The true leader must not only understand current requirements, but must also anticipate future supply chain requirements of customers and the end-customer. An understanding of current and future requirements allows the logistics leader to define the ultimate goal. Not only is this dimension critical for leading the executives own firm, it is equally as import to be able to lead and educate the firms critical customers to ensure their long-term success.
To enhance the current situation, the vision must be shared and adopted by a wide range of individuals and groups who must be involved to achieve meaningful change.
The second dimension of a logistics leader is the ability to identify and understand competitive capabilities. A logistics leader must anticipate and understand the current and likely strengths and weaknesses of key competitors. Such understanding is critical to allow a firm and its supply chain partners to match competitive threats and target weaknesses. However, information and understanding regarding the supply chain environment are often difficult to obtain. The leader must determine the framework to characterize both competitive and non-competitive firms and then develop the means to assess and benchmark other organizations. While it is not easy to identify the current capabilities of competitors, true logistics leaders must insight regarding future competitive capabilities
Supply Chain Competencie
The third dimension of a logistics leader is the ability to understand and critically evaluate the competencies of their own supply chain. The Supply Chain 2000 Framework and diagnostic methodology introduced at Michigan State University (MSU) determined that high performing supply chains exhibit high degrees of customer integration, internal integration, material/service supplier integration, technology and planning integration, measurement integration and relationship integration (For a more detailed discussion, see 21st Century Logistics: Making Supply Chain Integration a Reality from the Council of Logistics Management). For each of these integration competencies, a logistics leader must be able to assess the firms capabilities as well as the complementary capabilities of other supply chain partners. While the MSU research has demonstrated that high performing supply chains must have a high level of ability in all of the integration competencies, it is possible for firms to achieve high performance by using the competencies of supply chain partners.
Visioning is a process of creativity and innovation. The fourth dimension of logistics leaders is the ability to develop a big picture perspective that conceptualizes the dynamics and influence of complex interrelationships. Leaders see an integrative pattern of connectiveness where others may see only specific events and problems requiring resolution. The connectiveness relates the trends in terms of customer requirements, firm capabilities, competitive capabilities and the responses in the form of firm competitiveness. Leaders are able to create a vision of future market requirements and then identify refinements in operations, processes, or application of external resources to achieve such visions. Such leaders are also able to articulate the reality of the present, thus identifying the comparative gap between vision and reality needed to motivate change.
The role of visioning is to conceptualize the supply chain situation and identify desirable and achievable system modifications consistent with overall enterprise objectives. To enhance the current situation, the vision must be shared and adopted by a wide range of individuals and groups who must be involved if to achieve meaningful change. Thus, visions with a high degree of perceived legitimacy and offering substantial opportunity are more likely to be accepted over those proposing radical change. For some types of supply chain change, reasonable modification of current practices and relationships is sufficient. The truly difficult leadership challenges are those proposing that well-established practices or relationships be discarded or radically modified. As noted earlier, resistance to new practices and relationships that challenge a sense of individual and business security can force a serious, if not terminal, resistance to the change management process.
The difference between the logistics leaders current assessment and the vision of desired achievement defines the opportunity gap that determines the performance and financial benefits attainable from improved integration. To be meaningful, these performance and financial measures must be quantified to initiate and drive change. In this respect, leadership is essential to help simplify operating complexity by identifying and focusing on relationships and practices that, if modified, have the potential to enhance performance. Change management leadership is the art of creatively identifying, articulating and guiding a shared vision of the opportunity gap and the means to improve. While leaders astute in change management may identify an opportunity and scope its potential, the existence and magnitude of a gap is typically not so obvious to managers who are deeply involved in day-to-day operations. The balance between vision, current reality, and resource opportunities creates the essence of a logistics leaders action plan.
Successful logistics change leaders must be able to communicate the benefits and risks associated with the vision in a credible manner if widespread support for any initiative is to be generated. Leaders who successfully enable change are masters at creating legitimacy for visions in terms of detailing future directions and conceptualizing the capabilities and resources necessary to get there. Most important, such visions must be aligned with overall enterprise and supply chain goals.
Just as a firms supply chain competency is dynamic, so are the associated visions. Since visions are about the future, they frequently change. In fact, visions must undergo constant refinement if they are to remain relevant. Once a vision is widely shared, it immediately impacts current decision-making. In essence, the shared vision becomes part of the present as well as the desired future and the logistics leader can effectively establish that vision as the goal.
In a matter of time, organizational leaders will conclude that sufficient potential exists to justify undertaking change. The fifth dimension of logistics leadership is the ability to develop this conclusion and then develop a plan to operationalize it. The sales and development process is particularly challenging in a transition environment. The environmental dynamics of logistics and supply chain management mean that the guidelines and principles must be constantly transitioned and refined. The principles that were learned or applied yesterday must be refined to work in the current environment. Effective action planning requires the logistics leader to adapt and extend the traditional principles to the current and anticipated environment.
This requires that the logistics leader be able to systematically: 1) identify the change initiatives; 2) characterize the benefits; 3) determine the obstacles to overcome; 4) highlight the organizational implications; 5) determine the resource requirements; and 6) establish accountability and action measurements. While it is not be necessary for the logistics leader to embody the detailed skills for change management, an effective leader must maintain the big-picture perspective and drive the change management initiatives.
Typically, supply chain change also requires the alignment of operations outside the direct control of a specific executive and, in terms of the supply chain, even the firm itself. One executive stressed the fundamental importance of leadership by estimating that only 20 percent of the scope of a typical logistical change initiative is within the direct control of a firms logistics organization. The remaining 80 percent typically involve the responsibilities of managers from other business areas. Thus, logistical leaders must sell ideas and serve as cross-functional catalysts. Managing change through others is a difficult task that logistics leaders need to master.
The abilities represented through these dimensions represent a significant challenge and a substantial opportunity for managers to differentiate themselves. Combining logistics and supply chain knowledge with effective change management skills provides an individual an opportunity to establish his or her importance in supply chain and supply chains importance for the organization. The increasing role that logistics and supply chain management continue to take in corporate competitiveness shows that there will always be a need for logistics leaders.


text: Acanthaster planci are red colored echinoderms protected by thorn-like spines. They grow to a diameter up to 40 cm across. They have 12-19 arms extending from their center. These animals do not have a head, and are pentamerically symmetrical about the axis of the mouth. Acanthaster planci have tubed feet, or branched tentacles arranged along each arm that function in gas exchange and food gathering (Schmid, 1998; Perrins and Middleton, 1985; Encyclopedia Britannica, 2000).


text: Peleg Howland was one of Brampton's earliest merchants arriving in Canada in 1829. He and his brother William Pearce opened several businesses throughout Toronto and Chinguacousy townships including Brampton and Stanley Mills. The 1877 Historical Atlas of Peel County states that Peleg took ownership of the store previously occupied by Abijah Lewis and operated a successful business for many years at the corner of Main Street and Queen Street. He held several prominent positions in Peel County through the years including; being elected President of the Agricultural Society of Upper Canada, Manager of the Dominion Bank, and member of the Brampton Council. His brother, also known as Sir William Pearce Howland, was the only Father of Confederation born in the United States. Peleg Howland, son of Jonathan Howland whose ancestor John Howland arrived on the Mayflower from England in 1620, died July 7, 1882 at the age of 74.


Skip to definition.
Noun: conjurer kón-ju-ru(r) or kún-ju-ru(r) [N. Amer], kún-ju-ru(r) [Brit]
 1. Someone who performs magic tricks to amuse an audience
 - magician, prestidigitator, conjuror, illusionist
 2. A witch doctor who practices conjury
 - conjuror, conjure man
Derived forms: conjurers
Type of: performer, performing artist, witch doctor
Encyclopedia: Conjurer


text:
CHRISTMAS LECTURES 2010: Mark Miodownik - Why Chocolate Melts and Jet Planes Don't
About this video
Mark Miodownik journeys from little to large in the second of his Christmas Lectures.
As we zoom into the microscopically small realm beneath our fingertips to explore the tiny world we have created inside mobile phones, jet planes and chocolate, curious things start to happen. Gravity becomes less and less important, while stickiness and quantum mechanics start to dominate.
This is the wild west of science, where anything and everything seems possible, but is it? Can we create invisibility cloaks, self-healing phones and super-strong jet planes just by controlling the scale of things? Journey into the inner space of the things around us to find out how the very small affects the very large.
Mark shows that even the taste of chocolate depends on the size of extraordinary crystals which are designed to only melt in your mouth. Moving up in scale he then reveals how sperm whales – one of the world's biggest animals – use a unique material called spermaceti to increase and decrease their body density and adjust their buoyancy.
- Christmas Lecture
- Professor Mark Miodownik
- London, UK
- Filmed in:
- The Theatre
Royal Institution, BBC
- Collections with this video:
- CHRISTMAS LECTURES 2010 - Size Matters
Licence: Courtesy of BBC
Collections containing this video:
From the very large to the very small, discover why size matters.


text:
The training curriculum of OTS includes:
- General Service Training.
- Presentation by Student Officers.
- Computer Training.
- Training in Language Laboratory.
- Mechanical Transport Driving Practice.
The training curriculum of OTS (branch wise) includes:
- Aerospace Technology Course.
- Avionics Technology Course.
- Armament & Photo Technology Course.
- Logistic Course.
- Forecasting Course.
- Admin Officers Course.
- Education Officers Course.
- Legal Officers course.
- Air Traffic Control Course.
- Finance Management Course.
OTS has the facilities of a Library, a standard Language Lab and different training labs such as, Aero Engineering Training Laboratory, Mechanical Transport Training Laboratory, Armament & Photo Training Laboratory, Communication and Electronics Training Laboratory and Air Traffic Control Simulator Laboratory.
|Students in Language Laboratory


H2020. Lithuania.
Capital of LithuaniaVilnius city, today is facing quite a few sustainable mobility problems that could be solved through EU projects and with the help of consortium's.
We are very interested in taking part in related projects and making most of it and doing something good for Vilnius city.
1. Traffic light priority for Public Transport at crossings;
2. Testing and application of different types of innovative bicycle paths pavements (for example non-freezing, light-reflecting, etc.);
3. Public education in regards to urban mobility, raising awareness of the issues related to the usage of private cars in the city, the importance of sustainable transport modes. Working with different kind of groups, for example schools, kindergartens etc.;
4. Smart and integrated e-ticketing system;
5. Multimodal travel, sharing economy (in relation to urban mobility);
6. Travel optimization and prediction;
7. Adapting current trolley-bus transformer stations for e-mobility;
8. ICT for people with disabilities;
9. Trip Planning - free / busy parking spaces display in real-time, statistics, the probability of finding a free parking space.
Project proposer: Gintare Krusinskaite (Lithuania)
Partner role: Project participant
Partner organisation: Public administration
Call for proposal title: N/A
Partnet sought:
Public administration
Gintare Krusinskaite
Publicado por europa en mayo 12, 2017


text:
Here are some interesting points from a study of over 775 fiat currencies.
- Shortest life span: 1 month
- Average life span: 27 years
- Longest life span: 317 years (pound sterling). However, the pound sterling has lost 99.5% of its original value.
So, what happened to these currencies?
- 20% failed through hyperinflation
- 21% were destroyed by war
- 12% destroyed by independence
- 24% were monetarily reformed
- 23% are still in circulation
So… 41% of fiat currencies were destroyed by the very policies NATO countries are undertaking every day? That sounds promising for economic stability and recovery!