text:
Now, without doing anything else, change back to the HOME view and type X and press ENTER. The value which appears is the stored x coordinate of the last intersection point found. To find the y coordinate, evaluate F1(X) (or F2(X) - for that point the values are the same). This value can be used in calculations in the HOME view (such as 3*F1(X)+1 or LN(X)).
If you've found a Root or Extremum then you can do the same thing. If you've just used the FCN menu to find a Slope or Signed Area then you can also retrieve these but the method is a little more involved. Just use the A..Z button to type AREA or SLOPE and hit Enter.
Other values similar to these are stored in the Statistics aplet for you to use. Try this: go the APLET view, START the Statistics aplet, set it to 1VAR and enter a set of data into column C1. Make sure that SYMB is set with C1 ticked. Press the STATS button so that the univariate statistics are displayed. Now change back to the HOME view and press the VARS button. At the bottom of the screen you will see that is 'ticked' and that next to it is. Press and move the highlight down to 'Stat-One' and 'Stat-Two'. These contain the list of calculated stats variables. For example, if you move to the right into the 'Stat-One' menu you will find all the variables listed in the STATS info screen seen earlier. These can be transferred to the HOME view and used in calculations. Just highlight them and press OK. The name appears in the HOME view and pressing Enter retrieves the value.
Note that what you see when you press the
button depends on which aplet is active.
WARNING: The values stored are those of the last calculation done. If you have more than one column ticked in the SYMB view, resulting in multiple columns in the STATS display then the stored values will be for the last column only. If you wanted to calculate (for example) the mean plus 1.5 standard deviations for 3 different sets of data then you should use the VAR key to enter Mean+1.5*PSDev (Mean has a'sigma' symbol after it which I can't show on this web page) into the HOME view and evaluate it for the first set of data. Then go back to the Statistics aplet and calculate the STATS for the next set and repeat. (The values are not stored in the VARs until you press STATS.)
If you go to my Utilities page you'll find a software package you can download that lets you send and receive notes, programs and aplets from the calculator to the PC and back. Windows only, I'm afraid! Any view which has SEND and RECV buttons can send either to a computer or to another calculator. You need the cable that came with your calculator - if you've lost it then just go to any electronics shop and ask for a mini-USB cable. They cost about $10 - $20.
See my Help page for a series of instructional pages on what hardware you need, what software and how to install it, and then how to use it all and where to look for aplets. You'll also find pages on programming the calculator which include screen shots.
Just set up the aplet (whichever it is) exactly the way you want it, change into the APLET view and then, while it is highlighted, press SAVE. Give it a name and press ENTER.
The aplet can easily now be transferred to the students' calculators via the infra-red link. Once the class becomes used to this procedure it takes about 2 - 4 minutes for a class of 25 to 30. You send to one student, then the two of you send to two more, then the four of you send to... etc.
You can also save your aplet to a PC if you install the software (see my Utilities page). This means that you can re-use it next year!
Any of those values are now accessible in the HOME view by simply typing the appropriate letter. For example if you change to the HOME view and type T and hit ENTER, you will get the value I quoted above. If you type 3T+2, then you'll get 3 times the value of T plus 2. You can also use this in reverse. If you have done a calculation in the HOME view and you want to use it as the value of one of the variables in an equation in Solve, then just it into the appropriate memory and it will be pre-loaded when you enter the NUM view in Solve.
In the Solve aplet, enter the equation 2*SIN(X)+2=1 in to the SYMB view. Change to PLOT SETUP and set the XRng to 0 to 2pi (using the 3 key to enter pi) and the YRng to -3.1 to 3.2. Enter an XTICK value of pi/4. Now press PLOT. Move the cross-hair close to the first solution (at about X=3.6) and then press NUM. If you now press SOLVE, the calculator will find the nearest solution of 3.665...
Change to the MODES screen and set the NUMBER FORMAT to 'Fraction 6'. Now change to the HOME view and type in X/pi. The answer is 7/6, so the required value is 7pi over 6. Basically you are removing the pi from the answer and giving the calculator the chance to tell you what the associated fraction was.
Now press PLOT, move near the other solution, press NUM and SOLVE, change back to HOME and press ENTER (to repeat the last calculation). This time the solution is 11 pi on 6.
The same method can be used in the Function aplet to find the exact value of intersections. Simply retrieve the value of the last intersection in HOME by typing X in the HOME view and use the same method to isolate the fraction.
Warning! Don't forget to change out of Fraction mode when you finish! If you have put the calculator into Fraction mode then it is going to give you a fractional answer even if the value you gave it was never meant to be one! If you get a fraction like 113/457 then you might suspect that there is a problem. See "How does the Fraction mode work?"
Try this. Use MODES to change into 'Fraction 4' mode. Now go into HOME and type 0.33 and ENTER. You should find that it converts 0.33 into 33/100. Now try the same with 0.333333 This time you will find that it gives you 1/3. Why the difference?
The makers of the calculator have taken a very different approach. Once you select Fraction mode, all numbers become fractions - even decimals. If you are only going to be using fractions from that point on, then this will not cause a problem as long as you bear the following two points in mind….
For example, a setting in the MODES view of....
Basically, the value of 'n' in 'Fraction n' affects the degree of precision used in converting the decimal to a fraction. This can be useful if you understand what is happening. For example, a setting of Fraction 4 produces a strange (but actually fairly accurate) result for 0.667, while changing to a setting of Fraction 2 will give a result of 2/3. In other words, what makes this approach taken by the calculator useful is that it is often capable of producing results which may be strictly less accurate but are probably closer to what was intended by the 0.667 in the first place.
If you are wanting to use this facility to convert decimals to fractions, here are some tips…
Forgetting the current setting of Fraction can produce some unfortunate effects. For example, at Fraction 2, the value of 123.456 becomes 123, with the 0.456 dropped entirely!
This need for a correct setting of Fraction extends even to working purely with fractions. For example a setting of 'Fraction 4' will correctly result in 1/3 + 4/5 = 17/15. If you use a setting of only Fraction 2 to perform this, you will find to your amazement that 1/3 + 4/5 = 8/7! The reason is that the 1/3 and 4/5 were converted to decimals and added to give 1.133333…. This was converted back to a fraction (needing to match only to 2 sig. fig.) to give 8/7 (which is 1.1428..).
In conclusion, while it is not at all suggested that you dismiss the use of the Fraction format, it is important that you understand and remember its limitations. See an earlier question regarding using fraction mode for exact trig values.
This affects the POLYROOT function too. If you use POLYROOT to solve the quadratic equation of x^2+4x+5=0, which does not cross the x axis (try graphing it!) you will find that it gives the roots as complex numbers. They are NOT (x,y) points on the x, y axes! Don't use them - just write "No real solution".
ie.POLYROOT([1,4,5]) gives [(-2,1),(-2,-1)]
Another similar problem is with the inverse trig functions. Since sine and
cosine have ranges of -1 to 1, there should be no answer


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What is the cardinality of the following set:
$$\mathbb{A}:=\{A \ : A\subseteq\mathbb{R} \ \ \text{dense and countable}\}$$
(Is $\mathbb{A}$ a separable space?)
Thank You!
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The question whether something is a separable space presupposes that a topology is given on that something. Did you have a particular topology on $\mathbb A$ in mind? – Andreas Blass Dec 6 '12 at 2:09
I have to wonder where did you come up with the separability question in mind. The original question merely asks for the first part. Also, please remember to use the [homework] tag. – Asaf Karagila Dec 6 '12 at 10:59
3 Answers 3
up vote 11 down vote accepted
The cardinality of $\Bbb R$ is $2^\omega$ (or if you prefer, $2^{\aleph_0}$), so $\Bbb R$ has $\left(2^\omega\right)^\omega=2^{\omega\cdot\omega}=2^\omega$ countable subsets. Thus, the cardinality of $\Bbb A$ is at most $2^\omega$, since not all countable subsets of $\Bbb R$ are dense in $\Bbb R$. However, it turns out that even though not all of these $2^\omega$ countable subsets are dense, there are $2^\omega$ of them that are dense. Here's one way to show this.
For $x,y\in\Bbb R$ write $x\sim y$ if and only if $x-y\in\Bbb Q$.
 1. Prove that $\sim$ is an equivalence relation on $\Bbb R$.
 2. Prove that for each $x\in\Bbb R$ the $\sim$-equivalence class of $x$ is $x+\Bbb Q=\{x+q:q\in\Bbb Q\}$ and is therefore countable.
 3. Conclude that $\sim$ has $2^\omega$ equivalence classes.
 4. Show that each $\sim$-equivalence class is dense in $\Bbb R$.
The set $\Bbb A$ isn't a space at all until you give it some topology: it's just a collection of subsets of $\Bbb R$.
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Mr Brian M. Scott, Thank You! – 17SI.34SA Dec 6 '12 at 2:15
Here is a slightly more fun way to do this:
First note that there are at most $\mathbb R^\mathbb N$ countable sets of real numbers, calculate the cardinality and see that this means that there cannot be more than $2^{\aleph_0}$ countable sets of real numbers.
Secondly note that $P=\mathbb{Q\setminus N}$ is dense in $\mathbb R$. Now for every $A\subseteq\mathbb N$ we have that $P\cup A$ is dense and countable. It is easy to see that if $A\neq B$ then $P\cup A\neq P\cup B$. Therefore we actually found $2^{\aleph_0}$ dense sets of real numbers which are subsets of $\mathbb Q$.
This shows that there cannot be more than $2^{\aleph_0}$ countable dense sets. As remarked by others, separability is a topological property and it is unclear what topology you are giving this collection.
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$\mathbb{Q}$ is countable. So $\mathbb{R}\setminus \mathbb{Q}$ is uncountable. For each irrational $x$, the set $\mathbb{Q} \cup \{x\}$ is also dense in $\mathbb{R}$. Hence there are an uncountable number of dense subsets of $\mathbb{R}$.
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What is the cardinality of the set in question? Just saying the set is uncountable does not suffice here. – David Mitra Dec 6 '12 at 2:26
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Leveraging Agriculture for Nutrition in South Asia: What Do We Know, and What Have We Learned?
van den Bold, Mara
Dangour, Alan D.
MetadataShow full item record
Despite significant improvements over recent decades, rates of undernutrition remain high in South Asia, with adverse impacts on morbidity and mortality. Overweight/obesity, among children and adults, is now an additional and major public health concern. While agriculture has the potential to improve nutrition through several pathways, this potential is currently not being realised in the region. The Leveraging Agriculture for Nutrition in South Asia (LANSA) research consortium (2012–2018) set out to improve understanding about how agriculture and related food policies and programs in South Asia (specifically in India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Afghanistan) can be better conceptualised and implemented in order to enhance impacts on nutrition outcomes, especially those of young children and adolescent girls. This paper provides a snapshot of the agriculture-nutrition nexus in the region, outlines the pathways through which agriculture can influence nutrition outcomes, elaborates on the objectives of the LANSA research consortium within this context, and highlights the core findings of the six papers that form the body of this Special Issue. The paper ends with five key lessons that have emerged from this research, during this decade.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Calpine opens energy center next to Shell DP, earns EPA recognition
Calpine's DPEC will produce enough electricity to power more than 1,000,000 Texas homes. Steam generated at the facility will also be sold under a long-term agreement to Shell Chemical Company. DPEC consists of four combustion turbines, one steam turbine generator and four heat recovery steam generators.
Combined-cycle power generation uses natural gas to produce two forms of energy - steam and electricity. Burning natural gas drives a turbine generator that produces electricity. Hot exhaust gasses from the turbine are then routed to a heat recovery steam generator. Heat from the heat recovery steam generator is absorbed by circulating water, producing steam to serve Shell Chemical's needs and to power a steam turbine generator that produces additional electricity.The steam is then condensed back into water and recirculated through the heat recovery steam generator, where the process begins again.
Also at the recent dedication ceremony of Calpine's new DPEC, the EPA and the U.S. Department of Energy recognized the first phase of the Calpine Corporation Deer Park Energy Center for "leadership in energy supply" with a Energy Star Combined Heat and Power Award.
The award "demonstrates Calpine's commitment to providing power in one of the most efficient and environmentally responsible ways possible." Thirty-three of Calpine's 69 natural gas facilities are CHP, representing nearly 9,700 megawatts of power and serving an aggregate steam load of up to 18 million pounds per hour. According to company material, "this makes Calpine the leading cogeneration company in the United States."
Ron Walter, Executive Vice President, Business Development, and one of Calpine's founders 20 years ago was on hand at the DPEC dedication ceremony, along with Calpine's Peter Hansen, Vice President, Business Development, who provided an overview of the project, Kellie Byerly, Vice President, Regional Power Executive, Andrew Siegelstein, Senior Project Manager, and William Chenette, Plant Manager.
Calpine's Deer Park Energy Center's first combustion turbine began operation in 2003, producing 178 megawatts of baseload power and up to 1.1 million pounds per hour of steam. Now that the facility is completed, it consists of four combustion turbines, one steam turbine generator and four heat recovery steam generators that can produce up to 1,007 megawatts of power. Steam is utilized by the joint Shell Deer Park Oil Refining Company and Shell Chemical LP manufacturing facility adjacent to Calpine's site. Calpine sells the electricity to its other industrial and residential customers in the deregulated Texas market, which provides competitive access for energy procurement.
A Calpine press release states that the new DPEC project "helps the Houston/Galveston area in its efforts to achieve Federal Clean Air Act Compliance. For instance, compared to the average fossil fueled power plants in the United States, Calpine's fleet emits, on a megawatt-hour basis, 96 percent less nitrogen oxide, a major cause of smog, nearly 100 percent less sulfur dioxide, a major cause of acid rain, 53.4 percent less carbon dioxide and almost 84 percent less particulate matter, a contributor to respiratory problems. Also, unlike coal-fired plants, Calpine's power plants have no mercury emissions, a major health hazard."
Calpine is a member of the EPA/CHP Partnership, which seeks to reduce the environmental impact of power generation by fostering the use of CHP. The EnergyStar CHP award recognizes projects that use at least 5 percent less fuel than state-of-the-art separate power-and-heat generation. By significantly improving efficiency, award-winning projects save money while reducing greenhouse gases, such as C02, and other air pollutants, including NOx, S02, and particulate matter.
Calpine is the largest independent power producer in the Electric Reliability Council of Texas with 11 power plants capable of generating more than 6,700 megawatts of electricity. Calpine describes their facilities as "the cleanest, most fuel-efficient natural gas-fired facilities that provide power under both shortand long-term contracts to wholesale and industrial power customers."
Calpine marks its 20th year in operation this year. Calpine is one of the nation's leading independent power producers and the largest in Texas. Headquartered in San Jose, California, Calpine builds and operates power plants fueled by natural gas and renewable geothermal steam. DPEC will consume "40 percent less fuel per megawatt hour produced than older fossil-fueled plants while also reducing emissions." According to Calpine literature, "gas-fired power plants such as DPEC represent the fastest-growing segment of the U.S. power industry.


Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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From Middle English beleven, bileven, from Old English belīefan (to believe), from Proto-Germanic *bilaubijaną (to believe). Cognate with Scots beleve (to believe). Compare Old English ġelīefan (to be dear to; believe, trust), Old English ġelēafa (belief, faith, confidence, trust), Old English lēof ("dear, valued, beloved, pleasant, agreeable"; > English lief). Related also to North Frisian leauwjen (to believe), West Frisian leauwe (to believe), Dutch geloven (to believe), German glauben (to believe), Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽 (galaubjan, to hold dear, valuable, or satisfactory, approve of, believe).
Alternative forms[edit]
believe (third-person singular simple present believes, present participle believing, simple past and past participle believed)
 1. (transitive) To accept as true, particularly without absolute certainty (i.e., as opposed to knowing)
 If you believe the numbers, you'll agree we need change.
 I believe there are faeries.
 I believe it might rain tomorrow.
 (Here, the speaker merely accepts the accuracy of the conditional.)
 - 1611, King James Version of the Bible, Luke 1:1:
 2. (transitive) To accept that someone is telling the truth.
 Why did I ever believe you?
 3. (intransitive) To have religious faith; to believe in a greater truth.
 After that night in the church, I believed.
Usage notes[edit]
 - The transitive verb believe and the phrasal verb believe in are similar but can have very different implications.
 - To "believe" someone or something means to accept specific pieces of information as truth: believe the news, believe the lead witness. To "believe a complete stranger" means to accept a stranger's story with little evidence.
 - To "believe in" someone or something means to hold confidence and trust in that person or concept: believe in liberty, believe in God. To "believe in one's fellow man" means to place trust and confidence in mankind.
 - Meanings sometimes overlap. To believe in a religious text would also require affirming the truth of at least the major tenets. To believe a religious text might likewise imply placing one's confidence and trust in it, in addition to accepting its statements as facts.
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
Most common English words before 1923 in Project Gutenberg: kind · form · hundred · #280: believe · white · means · thus
 1. (archaic) singular present subjunctive of believen


text:
Detalles del recurso
Alexandria - University of St.Gallen (Switzerland)
Descripción: In this paper we argue that the fitness of a strategic initiative relative to the firm's internal selection environment hinges on distinct characteristics that enhance survival in the strategic and structural contexts. We test this proposition using data on 962 strategic initiatives originating from ten research and development centers over seven years within a global electronics firm. Our findings suggest that initiative survival in the strategic context is positively influenced by characteristics that enhance interpersonal exchanges and tacit knowledge transfer between an initiative and the headquarters evaluation team. These include geographical proximity to corporate headquarters and the success record of the initiative's champion. In the structural context, initiative survival is negatively influenced by characteristics that increase uncertainty among members of the headquarters evaluation team about the success of the initiative. These include indicators of implementation complexity and the degree of exploration inherent in an initiative's goals. Moreover, fitness characteristics interact across the structural and strategic contexts such that the past success of the champion weakens the negative influences of implementation complexity and exploratory goals on initiative survival. For theory, the results demonstrate the relevance of fitness characteristics as predictors of initiative survival and highlight the positive influence of more tacit, personal characteristics in conditioning the negative effects of more explicit uncertainties in initiative survival.
Autor(es): Marcus Matthias Keupp - Steven Floyd - Oliver Gassmann -


text:
A Dance with Dragons: A Song of Ice and Fire: Book Five Summary & Study Guide Description
A Dance with Dragons: A Song of Ice and Fire: Book Five Summary & Study Guide includes comprehensive information and analysis to help you understand the book. This study guide contains the following sections:
This detailed literature summary also contains Topics for Discussion on A Dance with Dragons: A Song of Ice and Fire: Book Five by George R. R. Martin.
A Dance with Dragons: A Song of Ice and Fire: Book Five Plot Summary
Preview of A Dance with Dragons: A Song of Ice and Fire: Book Five Summary:
George R. R. Martin's A Dance with Dragons, is book five in the fantasy series A Song of Ice and Fire. The book, a work of fiction, is by no means a stand alone book. For those who are not familiar with the characters and various complex scenarios, the book will prove to be nearly impossible to follow. For those who do manage to follow it, there will be numerous trips to the lengthy and complicated appendices to learn about characters, places, and situations.
The story opens with the introduction of Varamyr, a human who is able to "warg" into other life forms, including wolves. Many characters throughout the story can leave their bodies and force their spirits into another for various purposes. This causes some conflict for humans who turn into animals since they are often required to hunt other humans for food.
Varamyr is a powerful...

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Roman Food Storage Jar
Roman Food Storage Jar
Roman Food Storage Jar
Roman Food Storage Jar
Roman Food Storage Jar
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This simple but functional Roman food storage jar is based on one found during excavations at Nottingham. Plain ceramic vessels such as this would have been widely used in kitchens across the Roman Empire, on a daily basis.
Earthenware, terracotta
Approx. 205 mm tall, 120 mm diameter
This replica Roman pot has been hand made in Northumberland by Potted History, inspired by original artefacts. It has been wood fired to emulate authentic the original Roman firing conditions, to a temperature of between 800°C & 1000°C. This process often results in variations of the surface colour and texture, emulating original Roman Pottery and giving each pot it's unique character.
Health and Safety
This is a Museum Quality Replica made using the tools and techniques that would have been used during the Roman era. As this is an unglazed pot with a porous surface it will absorb some of the flavours during us, which does add to the flavour of future dishes. However, it does also mean that this pot does not meet modern Health and Safety standards and therefore we do not advise that it is used for food storage with. When the Romans cooked in ceramic pots they would rely on applying sufficient heat to the pot and contents to ensure that all bacteria was killed. Heating to over 70°C for at least 10 minutes would have killed most disease causing bacteria and temperatures of 100°C would do even more.


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Karapan Sapi, Indonesian Traditional Bull Racing
Karapan sapi is a bull racing festival held in a small island of Madura, Indonesia. It is an ancient tradition still widely celebrated by the Maduran. It is also a main tourist attraction on the island. This article will discuss the history, the rule of the game and also the controversy sorrounding this unusual sport.
Instead of the more common horse racing, the people of Madura Island, Indonesia prefer to ride bull in a race. This folk sport is a popular tourist attraction. People from around the world come to this small island to witness this unusual sport. Karapan sapi, literally means the race of the bulls, brings plenty of excitement on the island. This highly-valued tradition also plays fundamental part in the life of the local people.
The Island of Madura
Madura is a rustic island located just across the Madura Strait to the northeast of Java Island. The island is famous for its natural beauty, salt commodities, exotic dishes, traditional colorful fabric, distinct culture and its people's emotional characters. The island is inhabited by more than five thousand people, mostly farmers. Following the completion of a bridge across Madura Strait, the island has now become more accessible than ever. One of the most celebrated festivals on the island is the "karapan sapi" or bull racing. Besides its cultural importance, the event significantly supports the economy of the island.
Image credit
History of bull racing
Bull racing in Madura Island had its root well laid centuries ago. It is one of the oldest native sports in the world. The game was originally conducted on rice fields. It was designed as a fun way to plow rice field and prove the strengths of the animals. Karapan sapi was further popularized by Prince Kantadur from local kingdom of Sumenep in the 13th century. In the 1930s the Dutch ruler started to organize and promote the sport all over the island and in nearby East Java Province.
Image credit
The Maduran takes this race seriously. Decades ago, Maduran living outside the island will readily take a long journey home only to attend karapan sapi festival. Originally the sport was held during plowing season as the racing bulls were actually racing on paddy field and literally plowing the field. Now it was more often held in post-harvest time, usually in the months of July to October. The winners of minor races will compete for Presidential Trophy in Pamekasan, the island's capital city in late September or early October.
The bull
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The bulls employed in the race are reddish or creamy brown, humped-neck, long-tailed, fleshy and have short horns. The species raised on Madura Island is considered better than its Javan cousin. The best racing bulls come from Sapudi Island, an islet near Madura Island. They are fed with high quality grass, corn leaves, honey, eggs and special mixture of secret herbs to make their necks and muscles strong. One bull needs more than forty eggs a day. The bull is also given regular massage. Raising a strong and fast racing bull is an expensive business for Maduran farmer. The cost of raising a single bull can reach 300 US dollar a month. It is a huge amount compared to the potential prize money. For the owner of the bull, the cost is a fair exchange for the respect and glory that he will get when his bull wins the race.
The rule of the game
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A day before the race, the bulls are cleaned, combed, decorated in rich clothing and flowery ribbons. Sheltered with colorful parasols, the bulls parade through the town's major street. Each bull is accompanied by a group of musicians busily playing their flutes and drums. Besides the musician, a group of handlers and supporters also faithfully march behind the bull. When traditional percussion orchestra called saronen begins to play, the riders or local school children will dance a traditional "Pecot Dance". "Pecot" is the local word for whip. When the race is about to begin, the bulls are stripped off their fine costumes. They are then dressed in practical racing attire.
Image credit
Two bulls are hitched together to a plow-like contraption. A rider, usually a young boy called jockey perches on the contraption. The contraption on which the jockey stands is actually only a simple piece of sled. Once the flag drops, the jockey starts jabbing the bulls in a rump with sharpened bamboo while trying as hard as he can to keep his balance and clinging on for dear life. The bulls run for one hundred meters like crazy, partly because of the pains. On the average, one pair of bull can finish the distance in less than 10 seconds. The first bull whose forelegs cross the finish line first wins the race and the owner takes all the praise. In most circumstances, it is the jury who decide which one is the winner. The race is conducted in a series of elimination heats.
Image credit
The bull runs slower than horse but riding it in such a way is no less dangerous. Furthermore, the bulls are running in pain and rage. Should a jockey fall; he will surely suffer serious injury. Frequently, after crossing the finish line, a raging bull continues running and chasing after spectators standing around the finish line. To avoid any unwanted incidents, a particular person called "tukang nyandak" will try to catch and hold the still-running bull.
The controversy
The sport, fun as it is, also draws controversy. Some animal activists have raised their concern in respect of the animal welfare. The bulls do not enjoy the race as much as the people. The bamboo sticks held by the jockey hit them in their most tender regions. Occasionally (and illegally) the jockey use iron spikes instead of bamboo stick to jab the bulls, thus causing more pain to them. Due to fierce competition and the sum of money at stake, some jockeys sometimes do heartless things to make the bulls run faster such as dabbing the animal's eyes with chilies or hot balm, scratching the bull's bottom using sharp nails just before the race and then put on hot balm or chilies on the wounds. As if those were not enough, the bulls are forced to drink traditional liquor called "arak". The jockeys believe that the more uncomfortable the bull is, the faster it will run. It is a painful sport for the bulls. Indonesian government had forbidden these practices, but so far, they are still occurring. In addition; the game invites local people, mostly farmers to bet. Not infrequently a farmer loses his months of earning on their favorite bulls. Apart from the negative side of karapan sapi, its role in enlivening the island's economy is unquestionable.
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Comments (11)
Thank you Yovita for this. Voted. Thanks for support.
Ranked #3 in Popular Culture
Never seen this before, have seen ostrich racing, not quite the same of course, An interesting read.
Nice post! Very interesting and informative. Thanks
Interesting and impressive share. thanks
very interesting article
Ranked #10 in Popular Culture
Yes indeed very interesting, getting to know Indonesian culture from your expertise, well done.
You have done a superlative job in this article.thank you.
Glad you pointed out the cruelty involved too. Better regulations and harsh fines for those who are cruel should be in place.
interesting tradition..we also have a similar festival about bull racing
WoW! A real stopper....enjoyed every bit of this artlce. In Nigeria here, am aware of the camel race nd horse race among the hausa which attracts thousands of tourists. I believe in cultural heritage, however, this animals shold not be treated with cruelty. Thanks for this contribution.
Sounds interesting!


Silver Karshapana of Matsya Janapada
13 Oct 2020 Tue
The word Janapada is derived from a Sanskrit word 'Jana' and 'Pada'. Jana means 'people' or 'subject' and the word 'Pada' means 'foot'.
The janapada were the kingdoms of the Indian Vedic period reaches from the Late Bronze Age into the Iron Age. There were nearly around 16th Mahajanapadas, most of the states were annexed by more powerful neighbours, although some remained independent.
The Matsya Janapadas was one of the sixteen Mahajapadas. In Sanskrit, the word Matsya is known as 'Fish'. Today it is a modern part of central Rajasthan. The people of Matsya Janapada are also associated with Surasena (Uttar Pradesh) was also an ancient kingdom of India.
This silver karshapana that weighs around 11.41g was issued from Matsya Janapada.
Image Courtesy: Imperial Auction
Knowledge Base


text:
- The definition of negligent is a careless person, or always failing to do the right thing.
An example of negligent is someone writing their ATM pin number on their bank card.
- habitually failing to do the required thing; neglectful
- careless, lax, inattentive, or indifferent
Origin of negligentMiddle English ; from Old French négligent ; from Classical Latin negligens, present participle of negligere: see neglect
- Given to or characterized by neglect, especially habitual neglect: The negligent worker missed another deadline.
- Law Acting with or done through negligence.
Origin of negligentMiddle English, from Old French, from Latin neglegēns, neglegent-, present participle of neglegere, to neglect; see neglect.
(comparative more negligent, superlative most negligent)


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As is well known, the space of solutions of a linear ODE with, say, $\mathcal{C}^\infty$ coefficients on $\mathbb{R}$ is a finite dimensional affine space (a vector space, in the homogeneus case).
What is the structure of the space of solutions of a non linear ODE? In which cases does it have a "natural" structure of finite dimensional smooth manifold?
For the question to make sense, some conditions on the form of the equation must be put. Let's assume the ODE is of the form
where $F:\mathbb{R}\times\mathbb{R}^n\to\mathbb{R}$ is a smooth function.
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You need to put more assumptions on $F$ in order for this to have a meaningful answer. For example, you haven't ruled out that $F$ is identically $0$ (all functions $u$ satisfy the equation) or $1$ (no functions $u$ satisfy the equation). Usually, in the case of a higher order ODE for one unknown function, one assumes that the equation can be solved smoothly for the highest derivative. Then one locally has the structure of a smooth manifold of dimension $n$, with the 'initial values' $\bigl(u^{(j)}(t_0)\bigr)$ for $0\le j< n$ giving local coordinates. – Robert Bryant Dec 8 '12 at 20:25
In addition to what Robert already said, there's also the issue of whether you care about the size of the interval on which a solution exists. For a linear ODE, the solution exists for all time (both positive and negative), but for a nonlinear ODE, solutions may exist for only a finite time and the size of the time interval might depend on the initial data. – Deane Yang Dec 8 '12 at 20:30
_USER_ Bryant: your comment comes very close to what I would have expected as an answer! Are there cases in which the manifold is compact? And in which it has nontrivial topology? – Qfwfq Dec 8 '12 at 20:55
_USER_ Yang: yes, that is an issue too; that's why I didn't specify in which functional space the solutions have to live ($\mathcal{C}^{\infty}(\mathbb{R})$ or $\mathcal{C}^{\infty}(t_0-\epsilon,t_0+\epsilon)$); should I have considered solutions as living in the space of germs of smooth functions at $t_0$ (which is still infinite dimensional)? ( _USER_ commenters: I realize my question is perhaps a bit elementary for people who know differential equations). – Qfwfq Dec 8 '12 at 20:55
I didn't know whether to accept R.Bryant's or F.Ziegler's very well written answer. The latter just seemed a bit more general, so I've clicked on it. – Qfwfq Dec 19 '12 at 17:34
3 Answers 3
up vote 8 down vote accepted
As Robert Bryant observed, something like the solubility of $F$ for $u^{(n)}$ needs to be assumed. Then by the trick (due I believe to D'Alembert) of setting $x=(t,u,\dots,u^{(n-1)})$ and dt/ds=1, the equation can always be rewritten $$ \frac{dx}{ds}=f(x). $$ This is what most geometers would call the "standard ODE", wherein $f$ is a smooth vector field on the manifold where $x$ evolves.
In this setting, the space of (maximal connected) solution curves is indeed always a (not necessarily Hausdorff) manifold. I don't know who first wrote this, but according to this recent obituary a contender would be J.-M. Souriau in his 1970 book "Structure des systèmes dynamiques". Translation of the relevant passage:
The manifold of motions of a system
Jean-Marie Souriau has observed that the set of maximal solutions of a differential system on a differentiable manifold possesses itself a natural structure of differentiable manifold, not always separated: thus one can speak of the system's manifold of motions. This very simple property is rarely mentioned in the usual courses on differential calculus.
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There is yet another direction in which one could take the question, one that makes more contact with the linear and affine structures that one observes in the standard treatment of linear equations (both homogeneous and inhomogeneous). For example, consider the Riccati equation $$ u'(t) = a_0(t) + a_1(t)u(t) + a_2(t)u(t)^2,\tag{1} $$ which is nonlinear (when $a_2$ is not zero). A standard fact that is proved in ODE courses is that there is a 'trick' for 'linearizing' this equation, yielding the result that the general solution can be written in the form $$ u(t) = \frac{c_1b_1(t)+c_2b_2(t)}{c_1b_3(t)+c_2b_4(t)} $$ for some functions $b_i(t)$ (defined on the entire interval on which the $a_i$ are defined) and constants $c_1$ and $c_2$ (not both zero). Obviously, only the ratio of $c_1$ to $c_2$ matters for specifying $u$, so the ($1$-dimensional) space of solutions to $(1)$ is 'naturally' diffeomorphic to the real projective line $\mathbb{RP}^1$. Note that this representation works even when the solution $u$ has a 'pole'. (For example, consider the Riccati equation $u' = 1 + u^2$, which has $u(t) = \tan t$ as a solution.)
Sophus Lie developed a theory that associated a type of ODE to each homogeneous space of what we now call Lie groups, one that generalized the theory of linear ODE (both homogeneous and inhomogeneous) and Riccati equations in their various forms (which correspond to vector spaces, affine spaces, and projective spaces, thought of as homogeneous spaces of appropriate Lie groups).
It's possible that the OP is interested in learning more about the theory of ODE (and PDE) of Lie type, which is what this theory developed into. For this theory, putting a (possibly non-Hausdorff) manifold structure on the space of solutions is a necessary first step, but it is only the beginning.
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The formula given in this answer is related to the fact any four solutions of the Ricatti equation are in constant Cross-ratio. – Denis Serre Dec 9 '12 at 13:47
That's true. The point is that the 'evaluation map' from the space of solutions with its natural $\mathbb{RP}^1$-structure to $\mathbb{R}$ given by $u\mapsto u(t_0)$ is an affine chart on the $\mathbb{RP}^1$ for each $t_0$. The constancy of the cross-ratio is then a reflection of the fact that projective transformations of $\mathbb{RP}^1$ preserve the cross-ratio of $4$ points. Of course, this generalizes to all equations of Lie type, replacing $\mathbb{RP}^1$ with the appropriate homogeneous space $M$ and the cross-ratio with appropriate invariant function(s) on products of $M$ with itself. – Robert Bryant Dec 9 '12 at 14:36
Deep and interesting theory exists when $F$ is analytic, not just smooth. It was developed by J. F. Ritt in his books on Differential algebra. (In particular, Ritt rigorously defined the things like "singular solutions").
Some parts of the theory also apply to PDE.
Most interesting and useful theory is obtained when $F$ is a polynomial, in which case the set of solution is a "differential-algebraic manifold", and a theory of DA manifolds is parallel to the theory of the usual algebraic manifolds.
For a more modern exposition (including fields of non-zero characteristic) see Kolchin, Differential algebra and algebraic groups.
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|Synonyms:||Fanvid, Songvid, music video|
|See also:||Vidding, AMV, Machinima, Feral Vidders, Songtape Collection, VCR Vidding, Digital Vidding, Contape, YouTube, iMeem|
|Click here for related articles on Fanlore.|
A vid or fanvid is a fannish form of music video. Vidders take short clips of footage, generally from live-action source such as tv or movies, and arrange these clips over a song to make an argument or tell a story.
They were originally called "songvids"--to distinguish them from professional, MTV-style music videos--and collected on songtapes. The term was later shortened to just "vids".
History of Vidding
- Main article: Vidding
The earliest vids, circa 1975, were slideshows set to music; with the advent of VCRs, vids could be made by copying footage from one tape to another. Eventually, computer video-editing software became the standard, and today vids can be made by almost anyone with a computer, using the freeware supplied by Microsoft or Apple or other software.
Distinct fannish video-making traditions have arisen separately in other fandoms. Anime fans developed anime music videos, or AMVs, while MADs developed in Japan. Video gamers have also developed their own video tradition of machinima. Sites like YouTube also often feature remix and parody video art by fans who have little or no connection with these traditions.


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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Molesworth Crater)
|Eponym||Percy B. Molesworth, a British astronomer (1867–1908)|
Molesworth Crater is a crater in the Aeolis quadrangle of Mars, located at 27.7° south latitude and 210.9° west longitude. It is 181 km in diameter and was named after Percy B. Molesworth, a British astronomer (1867–1908).
|This article about the planet Mars or its moons is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|
|This article about an extraterrestrial geological feature is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|


dxfwrite 1.1.0 documentation
Welcome! This is the documentation for dxfwrite 1.1.0, last updated Apr 23, 2017.
A Python library to create DXF R12 drawings.
from dxfwrite import DXFEngine as dxf
drawing = dxf.drawing('test.dxf')
drawing.add(dxf.line((0, 0), (1, 0), color=7, layer='LINES'))
First create a Drawing, then create various drawing entities by DXFEngine and add them to the drawing with the Drawing.add() method. Layers, Textstyles, Linetypes, Views and Viewports were also created by the DXFEngine factory.
Indices and tables
Document License


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How to Build A Hay Box
A hay box (or hay cooker, insulated box, straw box or fireless cooker) is a method of cooking that saves energy.
From Wikipedia: "Food items to be cooked are heated to boiling point, and then insulated. Over a period of time, the food items cook by the heat captured in the insulated container. Generally, it takes three times the normal cooking time to cook food in a hay box."
Hay and straw, even blanketing can be used as insulation — but we now have so many insulation options. A quick trip to a big hardware store reveals that, that we can build super-insulated hay cookers.
This is old technology that is now being revived. You can get fancy with the box building it out of wood or as in the following video keep it simple by using a cardboard box. According to Wikipedia, in the past, "Some types were provided with soapstone or iron plates which were heated during the preliminary cooking on the stove and then placed in the fireless cooker either over or under the cooking pot. In these types, a non-inflammable insulating material was used."
Advantage: Can save on huge amounts of energy. Risk/Disadvantage: Again via Wiki "…there is a risk of bacterial growth if the food items are allowed to remain in the danger zone for one or more hours. For this reason, food cooked in hay boxes is normally reheated to boiling before eating. Using a food thermometer eliminates the guesswork."
In this video Aaron Mackley shows us how to build a hay box using a cardboard box, styrofoam panels and aluminum foil. I would probably go with an insulator other than styrofoam, especially around something hot because it is just nasty, toxic stuff, but…


Brushless Hammer And Brush Hammer Comparison
There are differences between Brushless Hammer And Brush Hammer.
1. service life: the service life of the motor without carbon brush hammer is usually in the order of tens of thousands of hours. The continuous working life of the motor with carbon brush hammer is in the hundreds to more than one thousand hours. When it reaches the limit of use, it needs to replace the carbon brush, otherwise it is easy to wear the bearing, and the service life is not as good as the brushless motor.
2. maintenance cost: there is a carbon brush hammer need to replace the carbon brush, if the replacement is less than will cause damage to the motor, and no carbon brush hammer service life is very long, but the broken need to replace the motor, but the basic daily maintenance does not need.
3. controllability: no carbon brush hammer is usually controlled by digital frequency conversion, with carbon brush hammer generally start after the working speed is constant.
Extended information
The rotor of the motor acts as a rotating magnet. If the brushes are too worn, the excitation current cannot reach the rotor, there is no rotating magnetic field, and therefore it cannot operate properly. The mechanical friction and large current between the brush and the collector ring generate a lot of heat. At the same time, the collector ring device is limited by the shafting condition and the cooling mode, and the cooling condition is relatively poor. The heat on the collector ring device is relatively concentrated and the temperature is relatively high.
Brushless DC motor is a typical mechatronics product, which is composed of motor body and driver. A magnetized permanent magnet is glued to the rotor of the motor. In order to detect the polarity of the motor rotor, a position sensor is installed in the motor. The driver is composed of power electronic devices and integrated circuits.
Media Contact
Email: Send Email
Phone: +86-576-82789881
Address:No.188, Haichang Rd.
City: Taizhou
State: Zhejiang, 318015
Country: China


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Riding on a knifeboard
This model is of a Tilling horse-drawn omnibus from the 1880s. It is an example of the 'knifeboard' design which had extra seating on the roof on which passengers sat back to back. It was nick-named 'knifeboard' because the seats resembled a knife-cleaning board.
Tilling omnibus service
Thomas Tilling started his bus service in the 1840s. By 1901 he had a total of 220 horse-drawn buses. His main depot was on Rye Lane in Peckham, but he also had other offices in the City and the West End. The bus company was only part of his transport business. He also provided horses and carriages for weddings and other special occasions.
End of horse power
By the time the First World War began, the success of motorised buses had made horse-drawn omnibuses redundant. The last recorded horse omnibus in London was a Tilling bus. It ran its last journey between Peckham and Honor Oak Tavern on 4 August 1914.
Museum number 55.77/2


Category Archives: Healing
Spirit Science 11_11 ~ DNA Activation
DNA Activation is a reconnection of your original blueprints for life to a higher frequency, or perhaps a "fuller" frequency. As you live your life, and grow, and have the experiences that you have, you may find yourself opening up to a greater awareness and greater knowing of what things mean all around you.
This awareness is made in the connections between the hearts of everyone. This looks like saying what you mean and meaning what you say. Breathing, staying calm, asking questions, looking at everything thoroughly, doing what you love and loving what you do.
Love is not just an affection of another or a feeling you get, but the awareness of the infinite connection with everything. You are one with everything, so am I for that matter, and being in a space of Love is sharing in the knowing that You and I are One consciousness.
Links & Sources
The Discovery of Genetic Evolution
Is DNA evidence of a Creator?
How DNA is Sequenced
Can we reset our Age through DNA? Science says Yes!
Human Evolution


Source code for SNP
import types
import configuration as conf
from pyGenoObjectBases import *
import rabaDB.fields as rf
# from tools import UsefulFunctions as uf
"""General guidelines for SNP classes:
-All classes must inherit from SNP_INDEL
-All classes name must end with SNP
-A SNP_INDELs must have at least chromosomeNumber, setName, species, start and ref filled in order to be inserted into sequences
-User can define an alias for the alt field (snp_indel alleles) to indicate the default field from wich to extract alleles
[docs]def getSNPSetsList() : """Return the names of all imported snp sets""" import rabaDB.filters as rfilt f = rfilt.RabaQuery(SNPMaster) names = [] for g in f.iterRun() : names.append(g.setName) return names
[docs]class SNPMaster(Raba) : 'This object keeps track of SNP sets and their types' _raba_namespace = conf.pyGeno_RABA_NAMESPACE species = rf.Primitive() SNPType = rf.Primitive() setName = rf.Primitive() _raba_uniques = [('setName',)] def _curate(self) : self.species = self.species.lower() self.setName = self.setName.lower()
[docs]class SNP_INDEL(Raba) : "All SNPs should inherit from me. The name of the class must end with SNP" _raba_namespace = conf.pyGeno_RABA_NAMESPACE _raba_abstract = True # not saved in db species = rf.Primitive() setName = rf.Primitive() chromosomeNumber = rf.Primitive() start = rf.Primitive() end = rf.Primitive() ref = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ SNP_INDEL must have a field alt. This variable allows you to set an alias for it. Chamging the alias does not impact the schema altAlias = 'alt' def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs) : pass def __getattribute__(self, k) : if k == 'alt' : cls = Raba.__getattribute__(self, '__class__') return Raba.__getattribute__(self, cls.altAlias) return Raba.__getattribute__(self, k) def __setattr__(self, k, v) : if k == 'alt' : cls = Raba.__getattribute__(self, '__class__') Raba.__setattr__(self, cls.altAlias, v) Raba.__setattr__(self, k, v) def _curate(self) : self.species = self.species.lower() _USER_ def ensureGlobalIndex(cls, fields) : cls.ensureIndex(fields) def __repr__(self) : return "%s> chr: %s, start: %s, end: %s, alt: %s, ref: %s" %(self.__class__.__name__, self.chromosomeNumber, self.start, self.end, self.alleles, self.ref)
[docs]class CasavaSNP(SNP_INDEL) : "A SNP of Casava" _raba_namespace = conf.pyGeno_RABA_NAMESPACE alleles = rf.Primitive() bcalls_used = rf.Primitive() bcalls_filt = rf.Primitive() QSNP = rf.Primitive() Qmax_gt = rf.Primitive() max_gt_poly_site = rf.Primitive() Qmax_gt_poly_site = rf.Primitive() A_used = rf.Primitive() C_used = rf.Primitive() G_used = rf.Primitive() T_used = rf.Primitive() altAlias = 'alleles'
[docs]class AgnosticSNP(SNP_INDEL) : """This is a generic SNPs/Indels format that you can easily make from the result of any SNP caller. AgnosticSNP files are tab delimited files such as: chromosomeNumber uniqueId start end ref alleles quality caller Y _PHONE_ _PHONE_ T AG 30 TopHat Y 2 _PHONE_ _PHONE_ - AG 28 TopHat Y 3 _PHONE_ _PHONE_ TT - 10 TopHat All positions must be 0 based The '-' indicates a deletion or an insertion. Collumn order has no importance. """ _raba_namespace = conf.pyGeno_RABA_NAMESPACE alleles = rf.Primitive() quality = rf.Primitive() caller = rf.Primitive() uniqueId = rf.Primitive() # polymorphism id altAlias = 'alleles' def __repr__(self) : return "AgnosticSNP> start: %s, end: %s, quality: %s, caller %s, alt: %s, ref: %s" %(self.start, self.end, self.quality, self.caller, self.alleles, self.ref)
[docs]class dbSNPSNP(SNP_INDEL) : "This class is for SNPs from dbSNP. Feel free to uncomment the fields that you need" _raba_namespace = conf.pyGeno_RABA_NAMESPACE # To add/remove a field comment/uncomentd it. Beware, adding or removing a field results in a significant overhead the first time you relaunch pyGeno. You may have to delete and reimport some snps sets. #####RSPOS = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ position reported in already saved into field start RS = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ ID (i.e. rs number) ALT = rf.Primitive() RV = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ orientation is reversed _TAG_ = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ Property. Documentation is at _TAG_ = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ each of gene symbol:gene id. The gene symbol and id are delimited by a colon (:) and each pair is delimited by a vertical bar (|) dbSNPBuildID = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ dbSNP Build for RS _TAG_ = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ Allele Origin: 0 - unspecified, 1 - Germline, 2 - Somatic, 3 - Both _TAG_ = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ Suspect Reason Codes (may be more than one value added together) 0 - unspecified, 1 - Paralog, 2 - byEST, 4 - oldAlign, 8 - Para_EST, 16 - 1kg_failed, 1024 - other _TAG_ = rf.Primitive() _TAG_, 00 - unmapped, 1 - weight 1, 2 - weight 2, 3 - weight 3 or more VC = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ Class PM = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ is Precious(Clinical,Pubmed Cited) _TAG_ = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ Third Party Annotation(TPA) (currently rs from PHARMGKB who will give phenotype data) _TAG_ = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ exist to PubMed Central article _TAG_ = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ 3D structure - SNP3D table _TAG_ = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ SubmitterLinkOut - From SNP->SubSNP->Batch.link_out _TAG_ = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ non-synonymous frameshift A coding region variation where one allele in the set changes all downstream amino acids. FxnClass = 44 _TAG_ = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ non-synonymous missense A coding region variation where one allele in the set changes protein peptide. FxnClass = 42 _TAG_ = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ non-synonymous nonsense A coding region variation where one allele in the set changes to STOP codon (TER). FxnClass = 41 _TAG_ = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ reference A coding region variation where one allele in the set is identical to the reference sequence. FxnCode = 8 _TAG_ = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ synonymous A coding region variation where one allele in the set does not change the encoded amino acid. FxnCode = 3 _TAG_ = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ 3' UTR Location is in an untranslated region (UTR). FxnCode = 53 _TAG_ = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ 5' UTR Location is in an untranslated region (UTR). FxnCode = 55 _TAG_ = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ acceptor splice site FxnCode = 73 _TAG_ = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ donor splice-site FxnCode = 75 _TAG_ = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ Intron FxnCode = 6 _TAG_ = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ 3' gene region FxnCode = 13 _TAG_ = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ 5' gene region FxnCode = 15 _TAG_ = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ other variant with exactly the same set of mapped positions on NCBI refernce assembly. _TAG_ = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ Assembly conflict. This is for weight 1 and 2 variant that maps to different chromosomes on different assemblies. _TAG_ = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ Assembly specific. This is set if the variant only maps to one assembly MUT = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ mutation (journal citation, explicit fact): a low frequency variation that is cited in journal and other reputable sources VLD = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ Validated. This bit is set if the variant has 2+ minor allele count based on frequency or genotype data. G5A = rf.Primitive() #>5% minor allele frequency in each and all populations G5 = rf.Primitive() #>5% minor allele frequency in 1+ populations _TAG_ = rf


Are you a Philadelphia-based artist? We want to hear from you on the following questions!
 - What is the future of place-based public art?
 - How can art help our communities heal, inspire, build trust and understanding?
 - How can it empower and lift up the voices of minority communities?
 - How can it tell stories that need to be told?
 - How can art connect us and create critical conversations about the meaning of our neighborhoods, cities, and our country?
PHDC and The Knight Foundation are working together to turn these questions into an opportunity for local artists.
ART IS ESSENTIAL: Philly Artists Connecting Communities is an initiative intended to put artists at the forefront of the conversation about the role of public art in communities. ART IS ESSENTIAL was conceived as an opportunity for artists to respond, react to and reclaim how communities work together to address the problems we face today.
100 selected artists will receive $1000 each for sharing their ideas. The deadline to apply is October 7 by 5 p.m. To support artists considering an application, below are some frequently asked questions:
Do I have to have a project ready to be implemented?
No. To start we just want ideas. Describe your idea in less than 500 words. Include the medium, how community members can interact with the art, and how it will amplify under-represented voices. Also submit a 500-word biography, and that's it.
Who can apply?
Everyone and anyone with an idea can apply, as long as you live in the City of Philadelphia! We are hoping to hear from residents of all experience levels, regardless of formal background or age. We encourage applications from artists who may not consider themselves to be public artists. The opportunity is also open to current students. Groups or collectives are welcome too. Collaborators on one idea should submit one application.
Is there an ideal application or applicant?
We do not have any preconceived notions about what these ideas should be. The ideal applicant is someone who creatively expresses their idea about engagement.
What is needed to apply?
Two short statements are required to apply. First is a brief written description of the idea. The second is a short narrative biography describing the life experience that draws you to this work. If it is helpful to include more visual materials to further describe your idea, that is welcome. Sketches, images, audio, or video files to describe the idea or to highlight past work that speaks to the idea may be included.
The funding for this phase is meant to support idea sharing, not implementation. Later phases will provide additional funding to support the development of these ideas.


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View to Lunga
, across Scotland's "Grey Dog" tidal race.
Tidal race (or tidal rapid) is a natural occurrence whereby a fast moving tide passes through a constriction resulting in the formation of waves, eddies and hazardous currents. The constriction can be a passage where the sides narrow, for example the Gulf of Corryvreckan and the Saltstraumen maelstrom, or an underwater obstruction (a reef or rising seabed), such as is found at the Portland Race.
In extreme cases, such as Skookumchuck Narrows in British Columbia, through which tides can travel at more than 17 knots, very large whirlpools develop, which can be extremely hazardous to navigation.
Notable tidal races


Readers ask: How To Slow Cook Beans?
How long do you cook beans in the crockpot on low?
Cook on low for 6 to 8 hours: Cover the pot and cook on low for 6 to 8 hours. If this is your first time cooking beans or you're cooking an unfamiliar kind of bean, begin checking the beans after 5 hours and then every 30 minutes until they are cooked to your liking. Beans generally finish cooking in 6 to 8 hours.
How do I cook beans in 30 minutes?
What do I do if my beans are too hard?
Beans that have been stored for over 12 months or in unfavorable conditions may never soften. Hard water may also cause hard beans. If the cooked beans still seem tough, add a 1/4 teaspoon sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) for each pound of beans to increase tenderness.
Do you have to soak black beans before slow cooker?
Black beans, as you may remember from this Black Bean Soup post, never need to be (and in fact maybe shouldn't be) soaked, regardless of how you cook them: slow cooker, Dutch oven, pressure cooker. Add aromatics, such as an onion, garlic, a bay leaf, all of which will impart the beans with good flavor.
Is it safe to cook beans in slow cooker?
Do Not Cook Dry Beans in Your Slow Cooker It's low and slow, cook -it-all-day technique makes it a perfect vessel for turning tough ingredients into tender deliciousness. But research now suggests that one tough ingredient shouldn't be cooked in the slow cooker at all — beans.
You might be interested: How To Cook Pot Roast In The Oven?
Can I cook dried beans in a slow cooker?
Put 2 cups dried beans into the slow cooker crock and soak overnight in cold water, enough to cover by several inches. Turn cooker to HIGH and cook beans until they're tender and cooked through, about 3-4 hours for soaked beans. (You can also cook the soaked beans on low, which would take about twice as long.)
What to put in beans to prevent gas?
Method 1: Baking soda To cut down on the gassy properties, you can add a little baking soda to your recipe. The baking soda helps break down some of the beans ' natural gas – making sugars.
Should beans be cooked covered or uncovered?
Your beans will be creamy. When we tested both methods, we found the beans with the lid cooked about 15 minutes faster, but the flavor of the beans cooked with the lid off was much better. This is because the liquid reduced more, creating a more flavorful bean broth that coated the beans. Takeaway: Leave the lid off.
Does putting a potato in beans reduce gas?
She put in a whole potato in the pot as well while boiling them supposedly for the purpose of "absorbing" the gas from the beans. The result is that the beans are supposed to make you less gassy but if you eat the potato you'll get super gassy.
Why are my beans still hard after cooking?
The main reason for beans that are still hard after cooking is the quality of the beans. Drying beans preserves them for a long time, but not forever. And make sure to cover them with plenty of water, as beans above the level of the water will take longer to get soft. Even in a pressure cooker.
You might be interested: How Long To Cook Pork Chops At 375?
Why won't my beans get soft?
2 Answers. There are three primary reasons why dried beans do not soften despite extensive cooking time: 1) they are old; 2) hard water; or 3) the presence of an acid. If you don't think your beans are old, then perhaps your water is the problem. Beans cooked in hard water will never soften properly.
How do you make beans soft quickly?
Quick Soak. This is the fastest method. In a large pot, add 6 cups of water for each pound (2 cups) of dry beans. Heat to boiling; boil for 2–3 minutes. Remove from heat, cover and soak for at least 1 hour.
Are black beans toxic?
All legumes, including black beans, contain a compound called phytohemagglutinin, which can be toxic in high amounts. However, the amount of phytohemagglutinin in black beans is typically much lower than the levels in kidney beans, and reports of toxicity have not been linked to this type of bean.
How many cups is 1 lb of black beans?
1 pound dry beans = about 2 cups.
Does slow cooking beans remove lectins?
Cooking with wet, high-heat methods like boiling, stewing, or soaking can deactivate most lectins. However, undercooked or raw beans simmered at low heat or cooked in a slow cooker will not remove all lectins because the heat is not high enough to help break down the enzymes.
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text:
Porous graphite was prepared without the use of template by rapidly heating the carbonization products from mixtures of anthracene, flourene, and pyrene with a CO2 laser. Rapid CO2 laser heating at a rate of 1.8 × 10 6 °C/s vaporizes out the fluorene-pyrene derived pitch while annealing the anthracene coke. The resulting structure is that of graphite with 100 nm spherical pores. The graphitizablity of the porous material is the same as pure anthracene coke. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the interface between graphitic layers and the pore walls are unimpeded. Traditional furnace annealing does not result in the porous structure as the heating rates are too slow to vaporize out the pitch, thereby illustrating the advantage of fast thermal processing. The resultant porous graphite was prelithiated and used as an anode in lithium ion capacitors. The porous graphite when lithiated had a specific capacity of 200 mAh/g at 100 mA/g. The assembled lithium ion capacitor demonstrated an energy density as high as 75 Wh/kg when cycled between 2.2 V to 4.2 V.
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


High Medical Expenses for Cancer Survivors
Cancer survivors had higher annual medical expenses and greater productivity issues
(RxWiki News) Surviving cancer involves more than just physical health. A new study explored the financial burden often experienced by these survivors.
A new study from researchers at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) looked at the financial experiences of cancer survivors in the US from 2008 to 2011.
The study found that cancer survivors spent several thousand dollars more a year on medical expenses than those without a cancer history.
"Seek assistance if you have questions about your medical expenses or insurance options."
According to the authors of this study, led by Donatus U. Ekwueme, PhD, of CDC's Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, the number of cancer survivors in the US has grown, creating a large population with unique concerns, including the long-term monitoring of their health.
"These survivors also face economic challenges, including limitations in work and daily activities, obtaining health insurance coverage and accessing health care, and increasing medical care costs," explained Dr. Ekwueme and team.
To estimate the medical costs and costs from lost work time that these cancer survivors face each year, the researchers used data from the 2008–2011 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS). This data came from over 86,000 participants without a history of cancer and over 6,700 cancer survivors. More specific data was provided by another 1,202 cancer survivors.
Dr. Ekwueme and team found that during the period studied, male cancer survivors spent an average of $8,091 a year on medical expenses, compared with the $3,904 spent by men without a history of cancer. For female cancer survivors, average annual medical expenses were $8,412, versus the $5,119 spent by women who had never had cancer.
The researchers also examined costs associated with productivity loss, or money lost due to time spent away from work for health issues. For male cancer survivors, these costs amounted to an average of $3,719 a year, compared with $2,260 for men who had never had cancer. For women, the average productivity loss a year was $4,033 for cancer survivors, compared with $2,703 in women without a cancer history.
Additionally, 31.6 percent of all cancer survivors reported that they experienced issues performing daily activities beyond work, and 11.6 percent reported that they had trouble with mental tasks tied to daily activities.
"Among cancer survivors who were employed at any time since diagnosis, cancer and its treatment interfered with physical tasks (25 percent) and mental tasks (14 percent) required by the job, with nearly 25 percent of cancer survivors feeling less productive at work," reported Dr. Ekwueme and team.
It is important to note that the sample size of cancer survivors in this study was relatively small, and that the data were self-reported. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and explore the financial differences between different forms of cancer.
"The economic data presented in this report investigating the economic consequences of surviving cancer highlight the need to develop comprehensive intervention programs to improve the quality of the cancer survivorship experience and decrease the economic burden of cancer survivorship in the United States," Dr. Ekwueme and team concluded.
This study was published June 12 in CDC's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. No conflicts of interest were reported.
Review Date:
June 12, 2014


cal H^n$ and $\mathcal H^{n+1}$. The $n$-ball has positive $\mathcal H^n$-volume, while its $\mathcal H^{n+1}$-volume vanishes, since there is really no $(n+1)$-dimensional interior in an $n$-ball. To compare the volumes $\mathcal H^{n}(B^n)$ and $\mathcal H^{n+1}(B^{n+1})$ under a common measure, we make use of $\mathcal H^{n}(A)=\mathcal H^{n+1}(A\times[0,1])$. – Christoph Aug 22 '13 at 11:08
Could you explain why are you working with a cylinder of height two instead of height one? Shouldn't we compare $B^{n+1}$ with $B^n \times [\textrm{something with length one}]$? Otherwise we do double the volume. Everything else makes sense to me. I just don't understand "but it is a matter of radius as already discussed". – Fixed Point Aug 23 '13 at 8:53
_USER_ Just because "height" (diameter) of the unit-ball is $2$. If our default ball has radius $1/2$, then I would work with some unit interval. The difference between those cases is a factor proportional to the radius and dependence radius ~ volume was discussed in the first paragraph. – savick01 Aug 23 '13 at 9:36
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text:
Mini how-to "mbed-os-example-blinky"
You can compile the project using mbed compiler online or locally on your PC.
MBED Compiler on-line
The following steps will show you how to compile the project via browser:
1. Go to the Sensor Node page.
2. Click on the + Add to your Mbed Compiler button.
3. From the mbed-os-example-blinky page click on the Import into the Compiler button.
4. From the following form import the project:
5. Once imported check if you selected the right platform, on the right of the screen you should have this:
If there is another platform please click on it and select the Avnet Silica ST Sensor
6. Now you are able to compile the project just clicking on compile button:
7. After the compilation you will download automatically the firmware
8. Copy the binary file mbed-os-example-blinky.bin into the mass-storage TilePlus of the SensorNode board.
The following steps will show you how to compile the project on your PC:
1. Clone this repository with the command:
The cloning process requires few minutes.
2. Enter in the directory and compile the project:
$ cd mbed-os-example-blinky
$ mbed compile -m SILICA_SENSOR_NODE -t GCC_ARM
3. Once compiled copy the binary file mbed-os-example-blinky.bin into the mass-storage TilePlus of the SensorNode board.
You will find the mbed-os-example-blinky.bin file at:
Please close with jumpers the following pins marked as yellow in order to power supply the board via micro-usb cable.
In the red rectangles, with this configuration is not important if you have connected the battery and if the switch is closed or open.


Football has developed a lot over the course of time. Modern football is much more demanding than the one played in the eighties and nineties. This primarily refers to the pace of the game, because today's football is much faster than the football that was once played. A large number of matches in various competitions, national team obligations and training, all that requires a lot of effort on the part of the players. Unfortunately, it leads to a great expenditure of players, to fatigue of their muscles, knees, joints, so players often decide to end their careers in their thirties. Most footballers retire at 30 years of age. Moreover, with age players lose their speed and other performance attributes, which are very important for the game. Modern football does not tolerate a player who is slow and cannot follow the pace of the game.
You are not in a position to improvise in today's football. It requires a high level of preparation and fitness. In addition, the players' injuries heal more slowly with age. Injured players cannot respond to the tasks of the coach and the schedule of games that today's football requires. That's why most footballers decide to end their careers in their 30s. In the eighties and nineties, the pace of football was slower with much less obligations during the season. The schedule of training and obligations was not so tight, so the players could rest more between games. During this era, it was not strange for players to play after they are in their thirties and forties. They had plenty of time to rest and the pace was quite easier to handle than it is today. Why do footballers retire at 30 years?
What are The Reasons for Players Retiring After 30?
 - No Time for Their Family
There are a number of reasons why footballers retire at 30 years of ageOne is that modern football implies a lot of obligations, with a lot of competitive matches where the player does not have enough time to dedicate to his family. Many footballers retire earlier precisely due to this desire to spend more time with their families. Many get fed up with time, because they have achieved everything they wanted and lose the motivation to move on. This also includes the trophies they won and financial security. Nevertheless, these reasons for withdrawal are less significant when compared to others.
 - Loss of Physical Capabilities
With age, players primarily lose speed and strength. It is difficult for a player in his mid-thirties to race in a game with much younger players. Lack of strength and fitness to respond to the game's requirements for the entire 90 minutes affects the player's self-confidence. His/her games are much weaker, which will inevitably result in the loss of pace and energy in the team. A player in his thirties cannot respond to the activities that modern football requires.
Unfortunately, the great efforts that the player made until then were reflected in the wear of muscles, joints, knees, so the player eventually becomes slower and more prone to injuries. Injuries that players receive in those years heal more slowly. Many players whose contracts with clubs expire encounter the problem of engaging in another club. It is difficult for the club to offer a contract to a player in his late playing years and this is why most footballers retire in their 30s.
 - Injuries
Notably, the most common reason for the retirement of football players are injuries. Severe injuries unfortunately interrupted the careers of many players. One of the most serious injuries of football players, in addition to a broken leg or arm, is an injury to the anterior cruciate ligaments. It is an extremely strong ligament that serves to stabilize the knee and this is one of the most serious injuries in sports in general. This postoperative injury requires a rehabilitation period lasting from 6 months to a year. About 60 percent of injuries in football are knee injuries. This often happens because of the crampons on the cleats that footballers use.
The crampons provide stability at the shot but the rotational forces are much tougher at the knee. Meniscus and knee injuries have to be treated surgically. Additionally, distortion or spraining of the ankle is a common injury in football. It happens due to contact or awkward movement. Groin pain is something footballers also complain about. Foot injuries are also typical due to contact with opposing players, jumping, shooting or bad equipment. Bone fractures as a result of the opponents' starts or bad falls. These are some of the most common injuries and as football players grow older, they start experiencing huge problems and challenges.
Can Footballers Continue to Play & Not Retire After the Age of 30?
 - Paolo Maldini
Although many players end their careers in their mid-thirties, there is a group of players who also played in their forties. One of the most famous is certainly Paolo Maldini. From 1985 to 2009, many players passed through AC Milan, but one was extremely special. The inimitable captain and leader of AC Milan has always captivated other footballers and fans with his calmness and leadership on the field. He was the leader of the team that brought Milan many successes and remained one of the best players in the history of Milan. He ended his career at the age of 41. All that time he played only for Milan, where he made his debut at the age of 17.
 - Francesco Totti
Another legendary Italian player ended his career only at the age of 41. It is the phenomenal Roma captain Francesco Totti. The Prince of Rome is renowned for his mastery on the field, great techniques and devastating shotsHe is the greatest player in the history of the club from Rome. He dedicated his entire life to Roma, in which he recorded 619 appearances during his career and scored 250 goals. Like Maldini, he left a big mark on the Italian national team, with which he won the title of world champion in Germany in 2006.
 - Javier Zanetti
Another exceptional football player who played on the Apennine Peninsula and played until he was 41 is the legendary Javier Zanetti. He was the captain of Nero Azure for 15 years. This player, who was characterized by great physical fitness and agility, became one of the best right backs in the history of football. Many famous experts were on the Inter bench, but it was always known who the coach's extended hand on the field was. Zanetti was the captain of the generation that brought the Champions League trophy in 2010 and won the famous triplet. He eventually retired in 2014.
 - Other Players
In addition to these three phenomenal players, there are numerous examples of players who ended their careers in the forties. Legendary Brazilian Rivaldo played football until he was 43 years old. Also, his compatriot Romario played until he was 42 years old. Interesting is the information of Roze Mile, the legendary Cameroonian who played until he was 44 years old. He is the oldest player to score a goal in the history of World Cup. He achieved that when he was 42 years old. Ryan Giggs ended his career at the age of forty. As for the football players who played in England, in addition to Giggs, it is worth mentioning Teddy Seringham and Kevin Phillips.
Why do Goalkeepers Retire Later than Other Footballers do?
It is a famous saying that goalkeepers are like wine, the older the better. Despite footballers retire at 30 and are mature in their twenties, goalkeepers mature in their thirties. Of all the positions in the football team, the goalkeeper's career is definitely the longest. There are numerous examples of top goalkeepers who defended or still defend in their forties, and the quality of their performances has never declined. The main advantage of the goalkeeper in relation to other players is the space in which they operate. When football players enter their thirties, they lose speed and therefore can no longer answer the tasks that modern football requires. Moreover, during their career there is a great consumption of their muscles, knees, joints, so their performance is at a lower level than previously. There is a huge consumption of strength which is directly related to the game they provide.
First of all, what goalkeepers get in their thirties is experience. An experienced goalkeeper knows how to position himself, what angle he should cover, how to get to the centre kick and when he needs to calm down the game. Unlike football players in other positions, even though they also wear out their joints, knees and muscles, this fact does not reflect so much on their game. The most important is the reflex and the speed of their movement. The goalkeeper will run only a few times during the game, so the fact that their


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the code that didn't work:
login_form = page.form_with(:method => 'post')
and code that works
login_form = page.form_with(:method => 'POST')
I inspected the form object via puts page.forms.inspect and got
 {name nil}
{method "POST"}
html source:

Members Login
Username
Password
Forgot your password?
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up vote 1 down vote accepted
Looking at the source, it could be that Mechanize is supposed to work like that. It forces the form method to uppercase when it fetches the form; you are expected to supply the method in uppercase when you want to match it. You might ping the mechanize person(s) and ask them if it's supposed to work like that.
Here in Mechanize.submit, it forces the form method to uppercase before comparing it:
def submit(form, button=nil, headers={})
 case form.method.upcase
 when 'POST'
 when 'GET'
and here again in Form.initialize, the method is forced to uppercase:
 def initialize(node, mech=nil, page=nil)
 _USER_ = (node['method'] || 'GET').upcase
But in page.rb is the code where mechanize is matching a form (or link, base, frame or iframe) against the parameters you gave, the parameter you passed in is not forced to uppercase, so it's a case sensitive match:
 def #{type}s_with(criteria)
 criteria = {:name => criteria} if String === criteria
 f = #{type}s.find_all do |thing|
 criteria.all? { |k,v| v === thing.send(k) }
 yield f if block_given?
Well, it's a case sensitive match if you pass in a string. But if you pass in a regex, it's a regex match. So you ought to be able to do this:
login_form = page.form_with(:method => /post/i)
and have it work fine. But I would probably just pass in an uppercase String, send the Mechanize person(s) an email, and move on.
share|improve this answer
_USER_ Conrad: thank you Wayne. Very nice explanation, even myself understood :-) – Radek Jan 30 '10 at 2:23
_USER_, My pleasure. – Wayne Conrad Jan 30 '10 at 2:31
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text:
Before the official announcement of Apple's iPad several different names were floated for the tablet including iTablet and iSlate. In the many months between the latest rounds of rumors (started in early 2009) and the actual announcement, the likelihood of iPad being the final name was hotly debated and often dismissed by people who were already saying it reminded them of maxipads. When the announcement came down nearly everyone I know either braced themselves for or gleefully awaited the feminine hygiene jokes to come.
However, a small minority of people I encountered didn't understand why iPad immediately brought to mind maxipads. They pointed out that people use words like mousepad and notepad and even the phrase pad of paper every day without devolving into absorbancy jokes. So why is iPad funny? Having given this far, far too much thought, I've been able to identify three key reasons why I think it's happening.
- As the MADtv skit showed, it's long been funny to put the little i in front of words to make fun of Apple's naming conventions. Sure, Apple has been very successful in branding the iProducts, and that's part of why the jokes work. iPad seems like it should be a joke even though it's not.
- Pad is a weak word. Just say it out loud: paaaaaad. That long a doesn't help. Most other iProducts have pretty strong words after the little i. Pod, Mac, Work, Life. They have plosives and hard K sounds and short vowels. Pad needs words associated with it that sound strong or right in order to blend seamlessly into the vocabulary. Mousepad, Trackpad, Notepad, even CrunchPad. And though women refer to Always and etc. as just pads most of the time, that's shorthand. The full word is Maxipad. There are just some words in English that sound somewhat weak on their own, and Pad is one of them. A weak word like this cannot support the little i, therefore the name (regardless of the jokes) just doesn't feel strong or desirable.
- Regardless of the many other uses of the term pad, most of the time when someone asks for a pad they're asking for a maxipad unless in context it makes far more sense that they're asking for a pad of paper. Other than that, how many times have you used the word pad all by itself in normal conversation in a non-specialized context1? The little i is not the most important aspect of iPad, it's so ubiquitous and familiar that, even as we say it, our minds and tongues are gliding right over it to the real word on the other side: Phone, Pod, Mac, Life, Work. That is the whole point of the little i. Therefore, the iPad is just basically Pad, and pads bring very few specific images to most American minds, and one of the prominent ones happens to be maxipads.
So there you have it. This is why I think the iPad name instantly became the butt of jokes or at least disappointment. Apple has some strong reasons for choosing iPad I am sure. I'm also sure they have some smart branding people whose job it is to think about these things. Maybe they had an off day? Maybe they're all men. Maybe they thought that eventually people would stop tittering and just accept it, because none of the alternatives worked for whatever reason.
In the end, it doesn't matter much. They've gone with iPad and have to stick with it. And we'll have to live with it. As others have pointed out, the Wii encountered much the same reception upon release and, lo these many years later, we've all gotten used to it (or over it) and happily use them all the time. I'm sure the same will happen with the iPad. Still, I'm longing for a decal that I can stick on the back to turn my iPad into a maxiPad.
- i.e. it doesn't count if your workplace uses something called a pad for everyday workplace operations. It also doesn't count if you roleplay Star Trek on a regular basis. [↩]


text:
- A Prehistoric evergreen that keeps coming back to life!
- Grows in one day! Unconditionally guaranteed to grow!
- Can "sleep" for fifty years and spring back to life in one day!
Take the amazing Dinosaur Plant out of its home for days, months, even years-then give it water, and it will ROAR back to life!
The Amazing Dinosaur Plant is one of the longest-living plants in the world! This plant actually lived when the first dinosaurs emerged. At that time, this plant would grow to over 120 feet, taller than even a Tyrannosaurus Rex!
When the ice age came, the Dinosaur Plant had to mutate and get really small. In order to survive, it learned how to blow onto dry land and sleep, waiting for water. Usually the plant drifted around until it stumbled into a puddle. Then the plant "drank" greedily, and went back sleep until it found the next puddle.
The Dinosaur Plant is very easy to care for. All it needs is a little water and some occasional sleep. Simply place the plant in its bowl with New Mexico lava rock (included), pour some water on the plant and it will spring to life within one day! If you let the Dinosaur Plant dry out, it will shrink back to its sleeping state. It can sleep for up to fifty years and will still rise when you place it in water! A fun project for the entire family to enjoy!
The Amazing Dinosaur Plant includes a live plant, bag of genuine volcanic lava rock, display bowl, and instructions. Appropriate for ages 4+. Dinosuar Plant Instructions


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Enumerations in Java are treated as proper objects.
Iterating Over A Enum
An enum can be iterated over by using a for in the following way:
for(MyEnum myEnum: MyEnum.values()) {
 // Your code here
Indexing An Array Using An Enum
Because enumerations are proper objects, there is no way to directly use an enumeration as a index to a array (or any type of Collection for that matter). This is unlike C++, in where an enum is essentially a integer, and can be treated as such.
The recommended way is not use a enum as an array index at all, but rather replace the use of the array with a EnumMap instead.
O.K., so you really, really want to use an enum as an array index? This is not recommended, but you can use a Java enum as an array index by using the method enum.toOrdinal().
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text:
WebMD Medical News
Laura J. Martin, MD
Feb. 23, 2011 -- Electricity alone may be enough to zap sweaty palms and temporarily relieve excessive sweating caused by hyperhidrosis.
A new study shows that applying a small electric current to the wrists of people with the disorder kept their hands dry during treatment.
Researchers say tap water iontophoresis, which involves placing hands in a container of tap water charged with an electric current, has been a common treatment for hyperhidrosis for many years. But the results of this study suggest that the tap water may be unnecessary and a dry electric current alone may be an effective treatment for sweaty palms.
"These results imply that tap water in traditional iontophoresis may play no other part than acting as conductor for current," researcher Kave Shams, MBChB, of Monklands Hospital in Airdrie, Scotland, and colleagues write in the Archives of Dermatology. "This suggests that far less bulky iontophoresis machines requiring less space and resources could also be effective, although further studies are required to verify this proposition."
The study evaluated the effects of applying a low-level electric current via battery-operated pads to the wrists of six people with sweaty palms (palmar hyperhidrosis). Researchers applied a special solution to make sweaty areas appear dark blue and then photographed the participants' hands before, during, and after the two-minute electrical treatment.
The results showed that the dry electric current led to a substantial reduction in sweating during treatment, and the sweating returned within seconds or minutes after the electric current stopped.
The participants also subjectively rated their sweaty palms during treatment on a scale of 1 to 100 (dry to wet) and reported a reduction from an average of 66.2 before treatment to 19.2 during treatment.
The study results may help researchers better understand the mechanisms behind the disorder and develop more effective treatments.
SOURCE:Shams, K. Archives of Dermatology, February 2011; vol 147: pp 241-42.
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The Health News section does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. See additional information.


text:
In Use or abuse we queried the meaning of 'significant' in the context of Paragraph 112 of the NPPF, which relates to the loss of agricultural land.
An inspector dealing with an appeal against the refusal of planning permission for 28 dwellings in Leicestershire has given us the answer (DCS Number 200-006-606).
"The proposed scheme would result in the loss of 2.58 hectares of grade 3 agricultural land to development" the inspector recorded. "Land within grade 1, 2 and 3a is defined in the glossary to the Framework as being the best and most versatile agricultural land. In preference to the development of this type of land the use of land of poorer quality is encouraged by paragraph 112 of the Framework. This government policy though relates to proposals involving the development of significant amounts of such land. The view of the Council, expressed in its Development Control Report on the application, is that the development of less than 20 hectares of such land is a low amount of land. I agree with that position."
So there we have it. 'Significant' in the context of Paragraph 112 of the NPPF means 20 hectares. For the time being.
The following DCP section is relevant: 4.145


text:
SAN FRANCISCO – If you want to ferret out uranium's hiding place in contaminated soil, freeze the dirt and zap it with a black light, an environmental scientist reported Tuesday at the American Chemical Society national meeting.
Scientists have long known that uranium salts under ultraviolet light will glow an eerie greenish-yellow in the dark. This phenomenon sent Henri Bequerel down the path that led to his discovery of radioactivity a century ago.
Others since noted a peculiar feature about the UV glow, or fluorescence spectra, of uranium salts: The resolution of the spectral fingerprint becomes sharper as the temperature falls.
Zheming Wang, a staff scientist at the Department of Energy's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in Richland, Wash., has now dusted the frost off the files, applying a technique called cryogenic fluorescence spectroscopy to uranium in contaminated soil at a former nuclear fuel manufacturing site.
By cooling the sediments to minus 267 degrees Celsius, near the temperature of liquid helium, Wang and colleagues at the PNNL-based W.R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory hit a sample with UV laser on a contaminated sample to coax a uranium fluorescence intensity of more than five times that at room temperature.
What is more, other spectra that were absent at room temperature popped out when frozen, enabling Wang and colleagues to distinguish different forms of uranium from one another, including uranium-carbonate that moves readily underground and is a threat to water supplies.
PNNL is a DOE Office of Science laboratory that solves complex problems in energy, national security, the environment and life sciences by advancing the understanding of physics, chemistry, biology and computation. PNNL employs 4,200 staff, has an annual budget of more than $725 million, and has been managed by Ohio-based Battelle since the lab's inception in 1965.
Last reviewed: By John M. Grohol, Psy.D. on 21 Feb 2009
Published on PsychCentral.com. All rights reserved.


Rhubarb pie
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Rhubarb pie
A slice of rhubarb pie
Type Pie
Place of origin UK
Variations butter, flour, rhubarb, sugar
Rhubarb pie is a pie with a rhubarb filling.
Besides diced rhubarb, it almost always contains a large amount of sugar to balance the intense tartness of the plant.
Rhubarb pie is particularly popular in those areas where the rhubarb plant is commonly cultivated, including Finland, Sweden, the United Kingdom, Ireland and the New England and Upper Midwestern regions of the United States.
In Canada and the United States, strawberry rhubarb pie is a popular late-spring pie, generally combining the first strawberries of the season with the last of the rhubarb.
See also[edit]


text:
The Rogue River
The Rogue River is located in southwestern Oregon and flows 215 miles from Crater Lake to the Pacific Ocean. The 84 mile, Congressionally designated "National Wild and Scenic" portion of the Rogue begins 7 miles west of Grants Pass and ends 11 miles east of Gold Beach.
The Rogue was one of the original eight rivers included in the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act of 1968. The Rogue National Wild and Scenic River is surrounded by forested mountains and rugged boulder and rock-lined banks. Check out the Rogue River Float Guide (PDF) for more information on the Wild and Scenic Rogue River.
Steelhead and salmon fishery, challenging whitewater, and extraordinary wildlife viewing opportunities have made the Rogue a national treasure. Black bear, river otter, black-tail deer, bald eagles, osprey, Chinook salmon, great blue heron, water ouzel, and Canada geese are common wildlife seen along the Rogue River. Popular activities include: whitewater rafting, fishing, jet boat tours, scenic driving, hiking, picnicking, and sunbathing.
National Landscape Conservation System
The Rogue National Wild and Scenic River is part of the Bureau of Land Management's National Landscape Conservation (NLCS). This system includes nearly 27 million acres of National Monuments, National Conservation Areas, Wild and Scenic Rivers, and National Scenic and Historic Trails. The NLCS works to conserve the essential fabric of the West, while offering exceptional opportunities for recreation, solitude, wildlife viewing, exploring history, and scientific research.
Oregon Stream Flow
The US Geological Survey hosts real-time water data readings for the state of Oregon. Types of data available include current water height, stream flow, median flow, etc. View the US Geological Survey National Water Information System for the state of Oregon.
Smullin Visitor Center
The visitor center is on the river near the town of Galice and is approximately 20 miles from I-5 on the Merlin-Galice Road. The center is called the Smullin Visitor Center and is located at the Rand National Historic Site (PDF).
14335 Galice Road
Merlin, Oregon 97532
Hours of Operation
- May 5th through October 15th
7:00 am to 3:00 pm - seven days a week
- Phone Access Hours - 8:00 am to 3:00 pm
For directions, click here.


A British Supermarket Successfully Sent a Chicken Nugget to Space
While many strange things have been sent up to space, from cookie dough to toilets worth millions of dollars, this is the first time fast food found its way to orbit. According to the media, the British supermarket chain Iceland Foods Ltd was able to launch a chicken nugget all the way up to space on October 13. The supermarket did the stunt as a way to celebrate its 50th anniversary.
According to Andrew Staniland, the chain's trading director, 2020 was a huge year for the Iceland Foods supermarkets, and they wanted to mark the occasion in a special way. He added that this was the best way for the chain to show that their products were indeed out of this world. The company sent a chicken nugget because it was one of its customers' favorite products.
 "Sent Into Space" Helped Get the Chicken Nugget Out of the Atmosphere
Chicken nugget in spaceIceland Foods teamed up with Sent Into Space to organize the launch and ensure it would be a complete success. The chicken nugget was taken to a predetermined launch site in Wales, where it was tied to a gas-filled weather balloon and released to go to Near Space. It reached an altitude of about 110,000 feet or 20.7 miles, and the media reported it traveled at about 200 mph.
When the nugget was at its highest point into space, the distance was enough to fit around 880,000 chicken nuggets. The nugget made it to Near Space easily and stayed in that area for a while. Scientists refer to Near Space when talking about the space between Earth's atmosphere and Outer Space. It starts at twelve miles above sea level and ends at around 62 miles.
The Chicken Nugget Floated in Space for About an Hour
The chicken nugget after one hour in space
Once the chicken nugget was in Near Space, it stayed there for about an hour and then started descending back to earth. Its fall had to be slowed down by a parachute, and the landing was also a success. Because the nugget was frozen when it was launched, it showed itself to be indifferent to the very low temperatures of space.