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How to Load Multiple Files in Parallel in Azure Data Factory - Part 1
By: Koen Verbeeck | Comments (7) | Related: > Azure Data Factory
At our company we're using Azure Data Factory as the orchestrator for our data pipelines in Azure. We need to load flat files from various locations into an Azure SQL Database. The schema of the flat files can change per type of file and even the delimiter changes sometimes. Manually creating a dataset and a pipeline in ADF for each file is tedious and time consuming. Is there a better way to do this?
In Azure Data Factory, a dataset describes the schema and location of a data source, which are.csv files in this example. However, a dataset doesn't need to be so precise; it doesn't need to describe every column and its data type. You can also use it as just a placeholder for the.csv file type in general. For example, if you have two.csv files, the first with the comma as delimiter and the second one with the semicolon as delimiter, you can still use the same dataset. You only need to put a parameter on the definition of the delimiter.
Furthermore, using the For Each activity we can loop over metadata and load multiple files in parallel. When you combine both features, we can create a metadata-driven pipeline where we will load multiple types of flat file dynamically. In this tip, we will lay out the architecture for such a solution.
We're going to load 3 files stored in Azure Blob Storage into an Azure SQL DB. The files contain data about the top 250 movies. The first file contains the first 100 movies, using a semicolon:
The second file contains the next 200 movies, also with a semicolon:
The third file contains the last 50 movies. However, the file was created on a different system and there the comma was used as a delimiter:
The three files are stored inside an Azure Blob Container. The first two in a virtual folder called semicolon, the last file in a virtual folder named comma.
This is our source data. To be able to drive our data factory pipeline dynamically, we need metadata. This metadata is stored in a table using the key-value pair method. This allows us to story any type of metadata in the table. The table has the following schema:
CREATE TABLE dbo.Metadata_ADF( ID INT IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL, SourceType VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL, ObjectName VARCHAR(500) NOT NULL, ObjectValue VARCHAR(1000) NOT NULL );
To load the files, we need the following metadata:
- The location in the container, aka the virtual folder.
- The delimiter used
- The destination table name
The following SQL scripts inserts the metadata into the table:
INSERT INTO dbo.[Metadata_ADF] ( [SourceType],[ObjectName],ObjectValue ) VALUES ('BlobContainer','semicolondata','semicolon'),('BlobContainer','commadata','comma'); INSERT INTO dbo.[Metadata_ADF] ( [SourceType],[ObjectName],ObjectValue ) VALUES ('Delimiter','semicolondata',';'),('Delimiter','commadata',','); INSERT INTO dbo.[Metadata_ADF] ( [SourceType],[ObjectName],ObjectValue ) VALUES ('SQLTable','semicolondata','topmovies_semicolon'),('SQLTable','commadata','topmovies_comma');
The destination tables are created using the following DDL:
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[topmovies_semicolon]( [Index] [BIGINT] NULL, [MovieTitle] varchar(500) NULL ); CREATE TABLE [dbo].[topmovies_comma]( [Index] [BIGINT] NULL, [MovieTitle] varchar(500) NULL );
The ADF Pipeline
Step 1 – The Datasets
The first step is to add datasets to ADF. Instead of creating 4 datasets: 2 for blob storage and 2 for the SQL Server tables (each time one dataset for each format), we're only going to create 2 datasets. One for blob storage and one for SQL Server. For each dataset, the relevant attributes will be updated dynamically at runtime by parameters. Let's start with the blob dataset.
In the ADF editing environment, click on the ellipsis next to the datasets header to add a new dataset:
Choose Azure Blob Storage as the data store:
In the next screen, you need to choose the format of your data, which is DelimitedText in our example.
At the time of writing, this is new functionality. In older tips, such as Connect to On-premises Data in Azure Data Factory with the Self-hosted Integration Runtime - Part 2, you can see this step is not present when a dataset on blob storage is created.
Next, we need to specify a name and if the first row contains headers.
For the Linked service, you can either choose an existing service or create a new one (an example is given in this tip). In the next screen, click on Browse to choose the container.
Using the dialog, navigate to the correct container.
Once the dataset is created, go to the Schema tab.
Here we can specify the metadata of the columns. It might be possible that ADF automatically picked up some metadata about the columns, if a file was present. Since we want a truly dynamic dataset, we're going to clear all metadata.
For this to work, the destination table needs to have the exact same columns as the source files. Next, we add some parameters to the dataset in the Parameters tab. We need a parameter for the folder and a parameter for the delimiter:
In the Connection tab, we can assign the parameters to specific fields of the configuration. When you click for example in the Directory field, a link will appear to add dynamic content.
When you click on this link, you can simply select the parameter from the list:
This will add an expression to the text box at the top:
Click Finish to go back to the connection tab. Similarly, we can add a parameter for the delimiter. But first we have to check the Edit checkbox, so the dropdown changes into a text box.
When both parameters are assigned, the connection tab should look like this (observe there's no value specified for the file name):
We also need a dataset for our sink, which is SQL Server. Add a new dataset and choose Azure SQL Database as the data store:
Specify a name for the dataset, create a linked service or choose an existing one and do not import the schema. The table name can be left empty.
For this dataset, we need to create one parameter: the table name.
In the Connection tab, choose Edit beneath the table, specify dbo as the schema and add the parameter in the second box as the table name.
This concludes the first part of the tip. We have created a key-value pair table in SQL Server holding all of the metadata. This metadata will populate the parameters of the datasets we created. Stay tuned for the second part of this tip, where we will create the metadata-driven pipeline which will copy multiple blob files to a database at once.
- To get started with Azure Data Factory, check out the following tips:
- You can find more Azure tips in this overview.
- Download the files here from this tip.
About the author
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Definition of Yaya
On the internet, there are a lot of meanings for the word Yaya, although it is not really clear what it means, there are 3 concise concepts about its definition.
Concept number 1:
In some Latin American countries such as Chile and Colombia, Yaya refers to a skin lesion. The lesions are superficial or small wounds, and can also mean a healed wound, that is, a scar.
For example:
 - Yayas in your body.
 - A little yaya.
Concept number 2:
In Spain, grandparents are known as Yaya. On the other hand, in other parts of the world, this word refers to a babysitter or person who takes care of child care.
But, in addition to caring for children from home, it is also related to medical care, that is, a home nurse in particular care for the little ones.
Concept number 3:
In the tropical areas of Cuba, there is the "Common Yaya" or "Yaya prieta", its scientific name is "Oxandra lanceolata (Sw.) Baill" and it has countless medicinal properties.
Among its benefits, it can be mentioned that it controls and / or helps with:
 - Hemorrhoids.
 - Diabetes.
 - Brain affections.
 - Psoriasis
Etymology of Yaya
Of Catalan origin, "iaio" and "iaia" gradually moved to Spanish as "Yaya", since in children's pronunciation, that is the sound that is emitted.
The singer 6ix9ine, American rapper, released a music video called "Yaya", last month causing so much fury that he came to position himself in the top # 2 of the most viewed.
The most relevant comments indicate that his single in Spanish has a very good vibe, color and everyone is noticing it.
The video has approximately 112,000,000 visits in less than a month and reflects that the number will continue to increase.
The word that gives rise to this article also expresses that an individual has an outgoing personality, with a lot of attitude and who is charismatic. Needless to say, the video is a "Yaya".


Tells the physics engine that this object is a bullet.
Returns: Boolean
This variable defines whether or not the instance is extremely fast moving (for example a bullet). The default value is false but if set to true this tells GameMaker: Studio that the instance will be moving at such high speeds that it will require more expensive collision detection to ensure it doesn't pass through other instances undetected.
with (instance_create(x, y, obj_Shoot))
 phy_bullet = true;
 physics_apply_local_impulse(0, 10, 0, 200);
The above code creates a new instance and then defines it as being a "bullet" in the physics world before giving it a massive impulse along the y axis.
Back: Physics Variables
next: phy_speed
© Copyright YoYo Games Ltd. 2018 All Rights Reserved


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Ciência & Saúde Coletiva
Print version ISSN _PHONE_
LAZZARIN, Helen Cristina; NAKAMA, Luiza and CORDONI JUNIOR, Luiz. Perceptions of dentistry teachers in the teaching and learning process. Ciênc. saúde coletiva [online]. 2010, vol.15, suppl.1, pp. _PHONE_. ISSN _PHONE_. _URL_
The didactic-pedagogical training of the university professor and of the quality of higher education must be revised due to the demands of the dynamic society and to the implementation of national curricular guidelines. Within this context, it was analyzed the perceptions of dentistry undergraduate of Universidade Estadual de Londrina teachers about the role of the teacher in the teaching and learning process. A qualitative research was carried out and data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Results showed that the teacher plays an essential role in the teaching and learning process, being the sole provider of knowledge. Teaching and learning strategies are based on oral transmission. Most part of the teachers got their didactic-pedagogical education from postgraduate Courses (Master's and/or PhD), that do not qualify teachers adequately for their teaching career. The teachers are not formally prepared for their teaching careers. In conclusion, findings from this study must be revised both regarding the training and the didactic-pedagogical upgrading in search of a general, humanist, critical and reflexive formation of the student.
Keywords : Health education; Faculty of dentistry; Higher education; Curriculum; Didactic-pedagogical training.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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The critical clearing angle is defined as the maximum change in the load angle curve before clearing the fault without loss of synchronism. In other words, when the fault occurs in the system the load angle curve begin to increase, and the system becomes unstable. The angle at which the fault becomes clear and the system becomes stable is called critical clearing angle.
When the initial load is given, then there is a critical clearing angle, and if the actual clearing angle exceeds a critical clearing angle, the system becomes unstable otherwise it is stable. Let the curve A represents the power angle curve for a healthy condition; curve B represents the power angle curve for faulty condition and curve C represents the power angle curve after isolation of fault as shown below.
Where γ1 is the ratio of system reactance in healthy condition to that of during the fault and γ2 is the ratio of steady state limit of the system after the isolation of fault and that of system under the initial condition.
For transient stability limit, two areas A1 = A2 or in other words the area under curve adec (rectangle) is equal to the area under the curve da'b'bce.


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Tornadoes in May, 2000
The Tornado History Project generates approximate paths through separate historical archives provided by the Storm Prediction Center (SPC) and the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). Paths generated from the NCDC data are typically more detailed, but neither archive gives exact path information. There are several reasons that paths may be inaccurate:
- Tornado touchdown and liftoff coordinates were recorded with only 2 digits of decimal precision (i.e. [33.72, -86.15] vs [33.71689, -86.15463]). As a consequence, the observed points on the map may be slightly off from actual. Note that beginning in 2009, up to 4 digits of decimal precision are given.
- Coordinates have not historically been calculated via GPS (Global Positioning System). Thus, tornado touchdown and liftoff coordinates should be considered as estimates only.
- Tornadoes may not have been in contact with the ground for the entire path as depicted on the map. Storm damage in any location depicted under the "path" should not be inferred.
- Although paths are drawn as straight lines between any two sets of coordinates, the tornado may have "zigzagged" in some way.
- Although paths are drawn as uniform thin lines on the map, it is likely that the tornado changed size over its lifetime. Damage in any location depicted under (or not under) the "path" should not be inferred.
Even with the above in mind, the data is the best available. If you see a path that is depicted incorrectly, please post a comment in the tornado forum indicating why you belive the path to be incorrect.
Paths generated from NCDC data are typically more detailed due to the way coordinates are listed in each archive:
- SPC database - A maximum of 2 coordinates (touchdown and liftoff) is given for each tornado, or each state segment of a tornado if it is a multi-state tornado. Thus the vast majority of paths are depicted as simple straight lines.
- NCDC database - Some tornadoes have mutliple sets of coordinates within any state, generally corresponding to entry and exit points by county. Thus, since more coordinates have been used to draw the path, the depicted path should be more accurate. Having said that, most tornadoes do not have additional path data in the NCDC archive. When they do, paths are drawn from the NCDC data.
The following statistics and definitions are derived from the Storm Prediction Center (SPC) historical tornado archive. The Tornado History Project can
not guarantee the accuracy of the underlying data within the SPC historical tornado archive. However, the data as presented here is guaranteed to
match the SPC data, except where noted.
Some definitions will not be given since they are obvious (i.e. "Date", "Time", etc...)
Special Note: This site uses a unique index number to identify each tornado. This index number is not a part of the official historical tornado archive.
E (Error) (tornado search table only) - A yellow box indicates that the tornado record contains a suspected error. A red box indicates that the tornado record contains an error and has been modified from the official source. Hover over the box for the error text.
Map/Forum (tornado search table only) - Clickable icons for further content related to a tornado.
State - The state or states affected by a tornado.
Fujita - The Fujita scale is an attempt to classify damage from a tornado. F0 being the least damaging, F5 the most. For 2007 and beyond, the Enhanced Fujita (EF) is given.
Fat. - The number of fatalities attributed to the tornado.
Inj. - The number of injuries attributed to the tornado.
Width - Width in yards. It is unclear if this indicates a maximum width or mean width.
Length - Length of tornado path in miles. Note the entire track length is not necessarily all on the ground (some tornadoes "hop and skip".)
Damage - Prior to 1996, this is a range by dollar amount. For 1996 and later, actual damage estimates are in millions.
Crop Loss - Added in 2007. Given in millions of dollars.
Lat/Lon - Contains two sets of coordinates:
- Touchdown Latitude/Longitude - For single state tornadoes, and the overall record for multi-state tornadoes, the approximate touchdown location in
decimal degrees. For the state specific records of multi-state tornadoes, entry point into the state in decimal degrees.
- Liftoff Latitude/Longitude - For single state tornadoes, and the overall record for multi-state tornadoes, the approximate liftoff location in
decimal degrees. For the state specific records of multi-state tornadoes, the exit or lift-off point from the state in decimal degrees.
St. #. - The state tornado number assigned to the tornado for that specific state for that specific year. Generally, state tornado
numbers were assigned in the order the tornado occurred, but that is not always the case.
SPC # - The tornado number as assigned by the SPC. Tornado numbers are not unique and reset each year. Generally, tornado numbers were assigned in the order the tornado occurred, but that is not always the case.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Welcome to Bay Church's Online Giving
Online giving is a safe, easy, and secure way to support the ministries of Bay Church. This system enables you to support the church by making a one-time contribution or establishing a recurring contribution. Thank you for supporting the ministries of Bay Church!
For Clover account users: We have switched over to Planning Center for our online and text to give services to save on fees and for administrative reasons. Anybody who setup an account with Clover will have to create a new account with Planning Center if you want to setup recurring contributions. Sorry for the inconvenience and thanks for understanding.
Three Simple Steps
1. Enter your personal contact info.
2. Provide bank or credit card information.
3. Indicate the amount, frequency (one-time or recurring) and designation for your gift.
We are also offering the option to Text-to-Give. Text 84321 to give. Below is a video and step by step directions to Text-to-Give.
- Send an amount (example: $5 or $1.00) to the short code 84321.
- If the number isn't set up for text-to-give, a setup link will be sent back. Tap the setup link be guided to the next step.
- Select your church
- Enter your email address and, if prompted, your name.
- Enter the payment method you'd like to use for text-to-give. If you're already a donor and you've added a payment method before (say, a bank account for ACH or a credit card) then you can optionally log in to access your saved payment methods.
- Complete your initial setup donation. The initial donation, in most cases, will go to the default fund (usually the "General" fund). However, donations can be directed to more specific funds.
Photo Credit: Lauren Mancke


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Q: Where does the name "Boston Butt" come from, especially considering that the cut comes from the shoulder of the animal?
A: In pre-revolutionary New England and into the Revolutionary War, some pork cuts (not those of high value, like the loin and ham) were packed into casks or barrels for storage and shipment. These barrels were known as "butts." In the Boston area, the cut from the hog's shoulder became known in other regions as the Boston Butt. The name stuck, and today it is still referred to as the Boston Butt almost everywhere in the U.S., except in Boston!


Turning Off or Freezing a Layer in Autocad, what's the difference?
Awhile back, I was training a client on how to prepare his files in Autocad, prior to registering them in his CAFM/IWMS system, ARCHIBUS. My colleague, James Castruccio, introduced me and spoke very highly of my cad expertise to the gentleman I was training. While I was conducting the training, over a GoToMeeting, he was performing other work on the project and just listening in.
There was a point at which I was in the Layer Properties Manager dialog box and James piped up with a question, stating that he had always wondered why we sometimes freeze layers and other times turn them off, and could I educate him as to the differences?
You know, I have been doing this for so long, and have never had to articulate that before, having just sort of internalized the situations in which I would use one over the other.
Reflecting back on the topic, in the past, there were more functionality differences, before computing power and refresh rates, etc caught up to the functions of a full featured CAD program, but, I will try to focus on what is still applicable in more modern releases.
How are Freezing and Turning Off a Layer Similar?
Let's start with the things these two options have in common?
 1. Makes a layer invisible to the user
 2. Control from the Ribbon (Layers Panel of the Home tab)
 3. Control from the Layer Properties Manager
 4. Invoke from the Command Line interface
 1. LAYFRZ
 2. LAYOFF
 5. DWG Compare ignores layers that are Off or Frozen
How are they Different?
LAYOFF - Autocad's memory still holds the geometry
LAYFRZ - Autocad forgets the entities
 - this can speed up panning, zooming and regenerating
 - is ignored by Extents
 - is ignored during Rendering
TIP: When attaching an XREF, it is a good idea to have a dedicated layer for each one. So, you can easily FREEZE the layer and hide all of the external reference's layers, allowing an easy ZE or publish to extents, focusing only on the contents of the drawing you are working in.
LAYON - Does not force a regeneration of the drawing
LAYTHW - Forces a regen
OFF - Can be made the current layer
FROZEN - Cannot be made current
WARNING: When your current layer is turned OFF, any objects you create or insert will immediately become invisible and remain that way, until you turn the layer back on.
FROZEN - Entities are not selectable by any means or methods
OFF - Layers may be selected using the ALL option
WARNING: If you use the ALL option of the SELECT command, and choose to move or erase objects, even the objects on OFF layers will be affected.
OFF - Blocks with multiple layers might still be partially visible, even if the layer the block is inserted on has been turned OFF
FROZEN - Freezing the layer of a block will make all entities invisible
FROZEN - Layers can be frozen by Viewport
OFF - Cannot be controlled independently by VP
Other Layer Controls:
LAYISO invokes the OFF option, not the FROZEN option
LOCK - Unlike freezing or turning off a layer, when you lock a layer, it is still visible, just not able to be manipulated at all
If I have missed any differences or caveats to these to functions, please let me know in the comments.
Oh, and just to prove my street cred as someone who knows her layers, here is a t-shirt that my colleague The CAD Geek had made for me when we went toe to toe as the head of families for AutoCAD Family Feud at AU 2016. Thanks for the great conversation piece, Donnie!


Example sentences for: sry-box
How can you use "sry-box" in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
 - Several other HMG-box proteins also play important roles in lymphocyte development [ 17 ]. Mice doubly deficient in lymphocyte enhancement factor-1 (LEF-1) and T cell factor-1 (TCF-1) have a complete block in development of T cells [ 18 19 ], while deficiency of SRY-box containing protein 4 (SOX-4) in mice results in a lack of pro-B cell expansion and mild perturbation of thymocyte development [ 20 ]. Unlike these HMG-box proteins, however, we find that the HMG-box of TOX is more closely related to the DNA binding domain of sequence-independent HMG-box proteins.
 - Nuclear localization signals are also highly conserved in SRY-box and other HMG-box proteins [ 37 ]. Basic residues outside of the HMG box motif may also function to stabilize DNA binding by these proteins [ 38 ].
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Response Time Monitoring - Real vs. Synthetic
Response time monitoring is a very important aspect of application management. In a way, it is nothing new. People have been monitoring response time ever since the days of green screen mainframe terminal applications. The only variable is the technologies involved, both on the application and the tools for monitoring them. When I speak with customers, I something get these questions about the pros and cons of monitoring response times of real user vs. synthetic transactions, also referred as passive vs. active monitoring, and whether one approach should be used over the other. The truth is both approaches are relevant and they complement each other. Here's why. Real user monitoring is obviously important because it measures the actual experience of actual end users. Despite of its appeal, however, it is not a one size fits all solution to measure the performance of an application. First, there can be a lot of noise in the actual end user response time data, which may make it difficult to determine the relative performance of an application over time. Usage pattern can vary a lot at different times, and the performance of transaction requests can vary a lot depending on the data that are processed. Consequently, we may end up with a lot of apple vs. oranges when trying to compare response time measurements. Second, real user monitoring only works only when there are real users on the system. For example, if there is no end user on the system at 2 a.m., data collected from real user monitoring won't tell if the application is working or not. On the other hand, synthetic transactions can be used even when real users are not around. Because the tests are well defined and their executions are controlled, it is also easier to do long term trending analysis to see if application performance has improved or degraded over time. Synthetic transactions do have their own shortcomings, however. First, unless carefully designed, the tests may not be representative of actual end user activities, reducing the usefulness of the measurements. Second, some synthetic transactions are very hard to create and may introduce noise into business data. While it is usually relatively easy to create query-based synthetic transactions, it is much harder to create transactions that create or update data. For example, if synthetic transactions are to test for successful checkouts on an e-commerce website, the tests must be constructed carefully so that the test orders are not mis-categorized as actual orders. As you can see, there are tradeoffs to both approaches, which are complementary. It is not real user vs. synthetic, it should be real user and synthetic.


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Finite Element Simulation of the Process of Aluminum Alloy Resistance Spot Welding
In this paper, an axis-symmetric finite element analysis (FEA) model for the resistance spot welding (RSW) of aluminum alloys is developed using the FEA software ANSYS. It accounts for the interactions of mechanical, electrical and thermal phenomena. The coupled analysis is accomplished through the cycles of contact analysis and electrical-thermal analysis. In order to perform the coupled mechanical-electrical-thermal analysis, the relationship for contact electrical resistivity as a function of contact pressure and temperature is proposed, and the phase change due to melting is also accounted for. At the same time, temperature-dependent variable material properties are used to the simulation. In addition, the coupled analysis also includes the effect of distortion on the electrical-thermal analysis.


Assessing pupil size - Sounds simple, but...
 1. 0
 I have worked at two equally well recognized teaching hospitals in an ICU setting. Most everything is the same, but I've noticed a difference in how pupil size is assessed.
 Hosp#1 - Assess size of pupil as it reacts to pen light so as to eliminate variation in room lighting.
 Hosp#2 - Assess size of pupil upon initial inspection, regardless of room lighting, etc. (and before using pen light).
 I do look at the pt's pupils initially, but I make my measurement based on the size to which they constrict.
 So I am wondering - how does everyone else do it?
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 2. 8 Comments...
 3. 0
 Your assessment should include both. For example if pupils are constricted or dilated without stimulation - and - do they constrict with stimulation - and - are they equal/unequal in both situations.
 4. 2
 I check the pupils without the pen light, say they are a 4, they constrict to a 3 with the pen light, so I will say pupils reactive 4->3
 ktliz and netglow like this.
 5. 0
 I assess the size of them in regular lighting, how fast they react to my pen light is the ERRL part.
 6. 0
 In response to the above replies:
 But how do you standardize on "regular lighting"? Day vs night, different light switches (we have about 8 lighting options in each room - it's ridiculous), if pt's eyes were open or closed prior to exam?
 That's what I'm getting at. If we report the size upon initial inspection that can be incredibly variable based on external factors. Do your units have a standard set for this? I know mine doesn't and the results are all over the place.
 I don't have any issues with the reactivity and regularity... it's just a specific question of timing that pupil size is measured.
 7. 0
 You adopt a relative know that completely dilated pupils in any light is know if one pupil is larger than the other that's not know what size pupils should be based on what meds the patient is receiving. There's no hard and fast rule.
 8. 4
 I think you're making it out to be a bit harder than it really is.
 netglow, Esme12, Altra, and 1 other like this.
 9. 0
 It should be based on what size they are without a bright light being shined right in them. Yes, it can be a little variable.
 10. 0
 You are over thinking the issue. If you are checking the pupils at 0800 the "norm" is that it is daylight. YOu look at the pupils in ambient light comparing size and shape. Are the irregular in size? are they unequal? Do they both react equally and at the same time to light?(accommodation). Pupillary response changes can be, and usually is, a late sign of increasing intracranial pressure and there should be other more subtle signs of increasing pressure such as confusion and lethargy or agitation. The checking of pupils is obtaining a baseline and reporting changes. People who have had cataract surgery will not have much of a pupillary response and there is an anomaly the can be normal, anisocoria.
 Get a base line, look for differences.....the subtle changes due to time of day are understood.
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Growth Trends for Related Jobs
How Does the General Schedule Step Scale Work?
Most of the salaries of U.S. government civil service jobs fall under the General Schedule pay system. The system provides for a series of grade and step increases in pay which permits an employee to advance through a given profession as their experience and proficiency increases.
The General Schedule System
There are fifteen grades within within the federal government general schedule pay system. Each job title is assigned a series of grades associated with the job, progressing in salary from lowest to highest. Within each grade, there are a series of ten steps, which are salary increases. These are known as step increases or within-grade increases.
Entering Government Service
When a person is hired by the federal government, the employee is assigned a pay grade within the job series, depending upon his or her knowledge, education and experience. For instance, an entry-level biologist with a bachelor's degree may enter federal service as a GS-5. Within the same job series, an advanced researcher with a doctorate. and many years prior experience may enter as a GS-13 or higher. In almost all cases, a person entering government service will start at step one of their grade.
After one year of service, the person is eligible for a within-grade increase. If performance has been satisfactory and a supervisors approves, the individual moves from step one to step two, with the associated increase in pay. The individual may increase in steps annually until step four, when the waiting period changes to every two years between steps four through seven. After step seven, the period of performance changes to every three years through step ten.
Exceptions to Step Increases
If an employee's work is not satisfactory, a step increase may not be awarded. On the other hand, exemplary employees may be eligible for a Quality Step Increase. This is an increase given in addition to their scheduled increases. To be eligible for a QSI, an employee must have the highest rating possible on the annual appraisal and must not have received another QSI within the previous year.
Step increases provide employees with an increase in salary as they become more proficient in their professional career. Employees may also be promoted from their present grade to the next higher grade as they take on more professional responsibility. When this occurs, they once again start at a lower step and become eligible for step increases within their new grade.


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Choosing the perfect yoga travel destination is pivotal, considering the many options available worldwide. To guide you in finding the ideal yoga vacation or retreat tailored to your needs and preferences, here are some factors to consider:
1. Type of Yoga:
- Diversity of Styles: Different destinations specialize in various yoga styles, ranging from traditional Hatha yoga in India to dynamic Vinyasa Flow or Power yoga in Europe or America.
- Research Offerings: Ensure that the destination aligns with your preferred style by researching the specific yoga offerings at each location.
2. Climate and Environment:
- Tropical vs. Temperate: Consider your preference for practicing yoga in warm tropical settings, such as a beach or island, versus cooler temperatures or mountainous regions.
- Urban vs. Natural: Explore whether you prefer an urban yoga retreat, allowing you to delve into exciting cities while enhancing your yoga practice.
- Cultural Immersion: Think about the cultural experience you desire during your yoga vacation, as each destination provides unique opportunities to immerse yourself in local customs, traditions, and spiritual practices.
- Enhancing Yoga Practice: The cultural context can significantly elevate your yoga practice and enrich the experience.
- Financial Constraints: Consider your budget, as yoga retreats vary widely in cost.
- Luxury vs. Affordability: While luxurious, all-inclusive retreats offer relaxation, surprisingly affordable options exist in developing countries with lower living costs.
- Flight Expenses: Explore yoga destinations in your country to minimize flight expenses.
With all that said, here are our favorite countries to host a yoga retreat at.
Mexico, a vibrant and colorful country in North America, beckons with its stunning beaches, ancient Mayan ruins, colonial cities, and delectable cuisine, making it an ideal destination for a rejuvenating yoga vacation. Here are some top yoga destinations in Mexico:
Tulum, Yucatan Peninsula
- Pristine Beaches: Tulum, situated on the Yucatan Peninsula, is renowned for its pristine beaches that provide a serene backdrop for yoga practice.
- Ancient Mayan Ruins: Explore the ancient Mayan ruins that add a touch of history and mystique to the coastal landscape.
Puerto Vallarta and Sayulita
- Charming Surf Town: Puerto Vallarta, along with the nearby charming surf town of Sayulita on the Pacific coast, offers a vibrant yoga community and a plethora of retreat options.
- Surfing and Culture: Immerse yourself in the local culture, enjoy surfing lessons, and experience the rich offerings of the region.
- Safe and Cultural: Oaxaca stands out as one of the safest states in Mexico, making it an excellent choice for yoga enthusiasts and culture lovers alike.
- Diverse Options: Oaxaca provides diverse options for yoga travelers, ensuring a blend of wellness and cultural exploration.
- Holistic Experiences:
Mexico, with its diverse landscapes and rich cultural offerings, invites you to embark on a yoga journey that extends beyond the mat. Whether you seek the tranquil shores of Tulum, the vibrant communities of Puerto Vallarta and Sayulita, or the cultural tapestry of Oaxaca, Mexico promises a harmonious blend of wellness and exploration.
In the heart of Peru, where the whispers of the ancient Incan civilization dance with the wind, a transformative yoga adventure unfolds. This land of mystical energies and breathtaking landscapes invites the yoga traveler on a journey that transcends the physical, offering a profound connection with the spiritual realm.
The Andes, a Tapestry of Tranquility
As the sun kisses the rugged peaks of the Andes, a sacred hush envelops the air. The Sacred Valley, cradled within these majestic mountains, emerges as an idyllic sanctuary for yoga retreats. Picture-perfect views unfold, painted in hues of emerald and gold, creating a backdrop that seems plucked from the canvas of divine artistry. Here, in this tapestry of tranquility, the yogi immerses themselves in a practice that resonates with the heartbeat of the Andean spirits.
Cusco, the Vibrant Heartbeat of Incan Heritage
Nestled in the embrace of the Andes, Cusco, the former capital of the Inca Empire, pulses with a vibrant culture. Cobblestone streets whisper tales of ancient civilizations, leading the yogi through a living museum of history. As the sun sets over terracotta rooftops, the rhythmic beats of Cusco's heart echo through the alleys, offering access to iconic wonders like the mystical Machu Picchu.
Lake Titicaca, Where Spirit Meets Serenity
Further afield, Lake Titicaca, a serene expanse nestled between Peru and Bolivia, becomes a canvas for spiritual exploration. Its reflective waters mirror the expansive sky, inviting the yoga traveler to delve into the depths of their practice. The mystical energy of the lake intertwines with the ancient wisdom of the Andean people, creating a space where spirit meets serenity.
In embracing Peru's rich history, stunning landscapes, and spiritual energy, the yoga traveler discovers not just a destination but a profound odyssey. Each step taken in this land, from the Andes to the Amazon, becomes a brushstroke on the canvas of a transformative journey. Peru, with its tapestry of ancient wisdom and natural beauty, unveils the mystical secrets of Pachamama, inviting all who seek to explore the realms of adventure and spirituality.
If you want a yoga retreat in Peru, visit International Yoga's website.


text: The impact of drought on tree water use was investigated in remnant forest in the Liverpool Plains NSW. Tree water use was measured using commercial sap flow testers from December 2002 to September 2004 which corresponded with a period of drought and a period of higher rainfall. Understorey evapotranspiration and soil moisture were also measured. Water use of the stand of trees was a larger proportion of annual total rainfall (87%) during the drought period than during the post-drought period (50% water use) when rainfall was higher. Understorey water use was about 20% of rainfall, suggesting that the understorey evapotranspiration component of the water balance can make a significant contribution to water use and the availability of water for groundwater recharge. The results indicate that the remnant forest was able to survive during the drought because of deep roots. The findings also demonstrate the valuable role forests play in maintaining the hydrological balance and in ameliorating the development of dryland salinity in agricultural areas (A).


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NAD+ for Depression San Jose, CA
Depression impacts millions of people every year. While outside stress can have an impact on those with depression, there are biological factors as well. Cognitive impairments, including brain cell inflammation and neurotransmitter imbalances can be factors in experiencing depression symptoms. At NexGen Health in San Jose, CA, we offer NAD+ IV therapy infusion treatment for depression that can improve symptoms from a cellular level.
NAD+ is the active form of nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide, a coenzyme of niacin, or vitamin B3. NAD+ is required for creating energy in the human cells and for many other cellular functions. When NAD+ levels are low, there is a higher chance of cellular dysfunction. This includes cells in the brain and nervous system. Individuals with low levels of NAD+ are at higher risk for mood disorders, addiction and depression. Restoring NAD+ levels in the body and brain can help improve the performance of neurotransmitters and other cells.
Mood Elevation and Calming Effects
NAD+ IV therapy infusion treatment for depression can impact the function of the brain and nervous system. Improving NAD+ levels can result in higher levels of coenzymes and chemicals in the brain that stimulate happy and calm effects on mood. Neurotransmitters require NAD+ to function correctly, and increased levels can improve cognitive function and focus. NAD+ also helps detoxify the body and removes elements that can impact mental and physical health.
NAD+ IV treatments for depression are very safe and can improve mood and cognitive function from a cellular level. There are no negative side effects from using NAD+ for depression or anxiety, only improved cellular health and overall wellness.
If you are interested in learning more about NAD+ IV therapy infusion treatment for depression, contact us at NexGen Health in San Jose to book your appointment. We can schedule a consultation with one of our medical team to discuss NAD+ IV treatments to determine if this therapy may be right for you.


How do i keep a form on top of others
The Form class represents a window within an application. This includes dialog boxes, modeless windows, and Multiple Document Interface client and parent windows. In VB6 you can use a Win32API call to SetWindowPos to get a form to always stay on top. This has been simplified in VB.NET by setting Form's TopMost property as TRUE.
A topmost form is a form that overlaps all the other forms even if it is not the active or foreground form. You can use this property to create a form that is always displayed in your application, such as a MessageBox window.
Public Class Form1
 Dim frm As New Form2
 frm.TopMost = True
 End Sub
End Class (C) 2021 Founded by raps mk
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text: May be the author Eliza Wilson (Mrs. Robert Wilson) of Kirkdale, Liverpool, England. Diary entries describe the social life and travel of a British woman living in India with General Craigie, his wife, and daughters. They left England in November 1854, traveled by ship with stops in Egypt, and arrived in Madras in January 1855. The group lived in Madras but journeyed to other cities in southern India, including Bangalore, Mysore, and Vellore. There are references to the Sepoy Rebellion, _PHONE_, before Wilson departed India in 1860.


text:
Definition of medullar
a. - See Medullary. 2
The word "medullar" uses 8 letters: A D E L L M R U.
No direct anagrams for medullar found in this word list.
Words formed by adding one letter before or after medullar (in bold), or to adellmru in any order:
y - medullary
All words formed from medullar by changing one letter
Browse words starting with medullar by next letter


theta^T\mathbf{X}^T\mathbf{y}-\mathbf{y}^T\mathbf{X}\theta+\mathbf{y}^T\mathbf{y})}{\partial \theta} \\ =\frac{1}{2}\frac{\partial (\theta^T\mathbf{X}^T\mathbf{X}\theta-\theta^T\mathbf{X}^T\mathbf{y}-\mathbf{y}^T\mathbf{X}\theta+\mathbf{y}^T\mathbf{y})}{\partial \theta} \\ =\frac{1}{2} (\theta^T\mathbf{X}^T\mathbf{X}+\theta^T\mathbf{X}^T\mathbf{X}-\mathbf{y}^T\mathbf{X}-\mathbf{y}^T\mathbf{X} )\\ =\frac{1}{2}(\mathbf{X}^T\mathbf{X}\theta-2\mathbf{y}^T\mathbf{X}) \\ =\mathbf{X}^T\mathbf{X}\theta-\mathbf{X}^T\mathbf{y}=0
Normal Equation: θ=(XTX)1XTy\theta=(\mathbf{X}^T\mathbf{X})^{-1}\mathbf{X}^T\mathbf{y}
What do you mean by affine transformation? Discuss affine vs. linear transformation.
A function ff is linear if f(ax+by)=af(x)+bf(y)f(ax+by)=af(x)+bf(y) for all relevant values of aa, bb, xx and yy.
A function gg is affine if g(x)=f(x)+cg(x)=f(x)+c for some linear function aa and constant cc. Note that we allow c=0c=0, which implies that every linear function is an affine function.
 1. All linear transformations are affine transformations.
 2. Not all affine transformations are linear transformations.
 3. It can be shown that any affine transformation A:UVA:U \rightarrow V can be written as A(x)=Lx)+v0A(x)=Lx)+v_0, where v0v_0 is some vector from VV and L:UVL:U \rightarrow V is a linear transformation.
Discuss training error, test error, generalization error, overfitting, and underfitting.
overfitting: What happens when the gap between the training error and test error is too large
underfitting: What happens when the model is not able to obtain a sufficiently low error value on the training set
training error: When training a machine learning model, we have access to a training set, we can compute some error measure on the training set
generalization error/test error: The expected value of the error on a new input. Here the expectation is taken across different possible inputs, drawn from the distribution of inputs we expect the system to encounter in practice
Visual summary
Compare representational capacity vs. effective capacity of a model.
Representational capacity - the functions which the model can learn; The model specifies which family of functions the learning algorithm can choose from when varying the parameters in order to reduce a training objective.
Effective capacity - in practice, a learning algorithm is not likely to find the best function out of the possible functions it can learn, though it can learn one that performs exceptionally well - those functions that the learning algorithm is capable of finding defines the model's effective capacity.
These additional limitations, such as the imperfection of the optimization algorithm, mean that the learning algorithm's effective capacity may be less than the representational capacity of the model family
What is VC dimension?
The VC dimension measures the capacity of a binary classifier. The VC dimension is defined as being the largest possible value of mm for which there exists a training set of mm different xx points that the classifier can label arbitrarily.
What are nonparametric models? What is nonparametric learning?
Parametric models: learn a function described by a parameter vector whose size is finite and fixed before any data is observed (linear regression)
Non-parametric models: assume that the data distribution cannot be defined in terms of a finite set of parameters. But they can often be defined by assuming an infinite dimensional θ\theta. Usually we think of θ\theta as a function (nearest neighbor regression)
What is an ideal model? What is Bayes error? What is/are the source(s) of Bayes error occur?
The ideal model: is an oracle that simply knows the true probability distribution that generates the data.
 - Even such a model will still incur some error on many problems, because there may still be some noise in the distribution. In the case of supervised learning, the mapping from xx to yy may be inherently stochastic, or yy may be a deterministic function that involves other variables besides those included in xx.
Bayes error: the lowest possible prediction error that can be achieved and is the same as irreducible error. ; The error incurred by an oracle making predictions from the true distribution p(x,y)p(x, y).
Source(s) of Bayes error: noise in the distribution if the process is random
What is the "no free lunch" theorem in connection to Machine Learning?
The no free lunch theorem for machine learning (Wolpert, 1996) states that, averaged over all possible data generating distributions, every classification algorithm has the same error rate when classifying previously unobserved points. In other words, in some sense, no machine learning algorithm is universally any better than any other. The most sophisticated algorithm we can conceive of has the same average performance (over all possible tasks) as merely predicting that every point belongs to the same class.
Fortunately, these results hold only when we average over all possible data generating distributions. **If we make assumptions about the kinds of probability distributions we encounter in real-world applications, then we can design learning algorithms that perform well on these distributions.
This means that the goal of machine learning research is not to seek a universal learning algorithm or the absolute best learning algorithm. Instead, our goal is to understand what kinds of distributions are relevant to the "real world" that an AI agent experiences, and what kinds of machine learning algorithms perform well on data drawn from the kinds of data generating distributions we care about.
What is regularization? Intuitively, what does regularization do during the optimization procedure?
We regularize a model that learns a function f(x;θ)f(x;\theta) by adding a penalty called a regularizer to the cost function. Expressing preferences for one function over another implicitly and explicitly is a more general way of controlling a model's capacity than including or excluding members from the hypothesis space.
What is weight decay? What is it added?
Weight decay is an additional term that causes the weights to exponentially decay to zero.
To perform linear regression with weight decay, we minimize a sum comprising both the mean squared error on the training and a criterion J(w)J(w) that expresses a preference for the weights to have smaller squared L2L_2 norm. Specifically,
J(w)=MSEtrain+λwTwJ(w) = MSE_{train} + \lambda \mathbf{w}^T\mathbf{w}
Minimizing J(w)J(w) results in a choice of weights that make a tradeoff between fitting the training data and being small. This gives us solutions that have a smaller slope, or put weight on fewer of the features.
What is a hyperparameter? How do you choose which settings are going to be hyperparameters and which are going to be learned?
Hyperparameter: Most machine learning algorithms have several settings that we can use to control the behavior of the learning algorithm.
 - The values of hyperparameters are not adapted by the learning algorithm itself
Sometimes a setting is chosen to be a hyperparameter that the learning algorithm does not learn because it is difficult to optimize or it is not appropriate to learn that hyperparameter on the training set. This applies to all hyperparameters that control model capacity. If learned on the training set, such hyperparameters would always choose the maximum possible model capacity, resulting in overfitting.
Why is a validation set necessary?
Let's assume that you are training a model whose performance depends on a set of hyperparameters. In the case of a neural network, these parameters may be for instance the learning rate or the number of training iterations.
Given a choice of hyperparameter values, you use the training set to train the model. But, how do you set the values for the hyperparameters? That's what the validation set is for. You can use it to evaluate the performance of your model for different combinations of hyperparameter values (e.g. by means of a grid search process) and keep the best trained model.
But, how does your selected model compares to other different models? Is your neural network performing better than, let's say, a random forest trained with the same combination of training/test data? You cannot compare based on the validation set, because that validation set was part of the fitting of your model. You used it to select the hyperparameter values!
The test set allows you to compare different models in an unbiased way, by basing your comparisons in data that were not use in any part of your training/hyperparameter selection process.
What are the different types of cross-validation? When do you use which one?
 - kk-fold cross-validation randomly divides the data into k blocks of roughly equal size. Each of the blocks is left out in turn and the other k1k-


The land of the Dancing Deer
The Moirang C.D. Block come into existence on 04-04-1985 with its Head Quarter at Moirang Khunou about 1.5 Km. from the Kumbi Main Road. it was bifurcated from the erstwhile Bishnupur C.D. Block. It has an area of 269 Sq. Km. with a population of 62, 187 (BPL Survey) inhabiting in 67 villages. The inhabitants are Meitei/Meetei, Muslim, Tribal, Bengali etc. These inhabitants mostly lived on Agriculture and fishing. The Loktak the biggest fresh water lake in the North East Region and Keibul Lamjao International park are situated in this Block and the people of Thanga, Karang and those villages in and around the Loktak lake lived on fishing. There are 12 Gram Panchayats in this Block.
The name and population of the Gram panchayats are as follows :-
Sl. No.
Name of G.Ps
BPL Survey Population.
1. Ngakhalawai 4085
2. Tronglaobi 3297
3. Torbung 3258
4. Kwakta 5604
5. Saiton 4105
6. Moirangkhunou 5818
7. Thanga I 7144
8. Thanga II 6292
9. Kha-Thingngei 5851
10. Wangoo 6724
11. Wangoo Terakhong 4317
Borayangbi 5706
 Total:- 62,187


The (Non)Uniqueness of Environmental Law
61 Pages Posted: 22 Apr 2005
See all articles by Jay Wexler
Jay Wexler
Boston University School of Law
In everyday discourse, the label "environmental law" signifies a distinct and unique area of the law. The uniqueness of environmental law stems most obviously from the subject matter of environmental legislation and regulation. But does environmental law also differ from other areas of law with respect to how judges ought to approach deciding cases? Should judges act differently somehow when they are deciding an environmental law case as opposed to, for example, a labor law or banking law case? At least one influential scholar - Richard Lazarus of the Georgetown University Law Center - has argued that the distinctive features of ecological injury justify treating environmental cases differently from other types of cases. This Article critically examines this claim, by identifying and evaluating seven potential paradigms that federal courts could use to relate environmental law to other areas of law, particularly administrative law, when deciding environmental law cases. In sum, the Article argues that when relevant under the appropriate legal standards, courts should consider the distinctive features of ecological injury when applying facts to law, and in some situations they should draw on their knowledge of those distinctive features when fashioning rules of general application. They should not, however, reach pro-environment decisions in a non-principled manner, automatically vote to protect the environment whenever the relevant legal materials prove substantially indeterminate, or otherwise act as though protection of the environment is an inherent aspect of the judicial role. Nor should they fashion completely distinct rules to govern environmental law cases or alter generally applicable rules to apply differently in environmental law cases. The point of the Article is not to suggest that environmental law should not exist as a separate legal category, but rather to suggest that generally judges need not approach environmental law cases differently from how they approach other types of cases.
Keywords: Administrative Law, Environmental Law, Judging, Judicial Role, Judicial Decision-Making
JEL Classification: Q50, Q58, Q59
Suggested Citation
Wexler, Jay, The (Non)Uniqueness of Environmental Law. Available at SSRN:
Jay Wexler (Contact Author)
Boston University School of Law ( email )
765 Commonwealth Avenue
Boston, MA 02215
United States
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Noun: optic disc
 1. The point where the optic nerve enters the retina; not sensitive to light
 - blind spot, optic disk
Derived forms: optic discs
Type of: point
Part of: retina
Encyclopedia: Optic disc


Nebraska allocation of lottery funds for education programs advanced
Lawmakers gave first-round approval March 24 to a bill that would allocate approximately $100 million in lottery funds to education-related programs over the next five years.
The state Department of Revenue estimates that $21.2 million in lottery funds will be directed to education programs in FY2021-22, $21.7 million in FY2022-23 and $22.1 million in FY2023-24.
Under one new program, the Educational Service Unit Coordinating Council would ensure that annual, evidence-based behavioral awareness and intervention training is available statewide and develop, implement and administer a statewide teacher support system beginning in school year 2021-22.
Beginning with the 2023-24 school year, school districts would ensure that teachers, administrators, paraprofessionals, school nurses and counselors receive the training.
LB529 also would direct funds to a new mental health training grant program administered by the state Department of Education.
The Nebraska Opportunity Grant Fund, which provides financial aid to low-income Nebraska residents enrolled at postsecondary educational institutions, would receive the largest allocation at 58 percent, down from the 62 percent allocation it received for fiscal years 2016-17 through 2020-21.
An Education Committee amendment, adopted 29-6, would add an element to the proposed behavioral awareness and intervention training. It would require at least 30 minutes of training dedicated to understanding the duties, rights and responsibilities outlined in the Student Discipline Act and case law addressing student behavior.
The amendment also would create a grant program for students who graduate from an accredited education program at a state youth rehabilitation and treatment center or from a public or private high school within one year of being discharged from a YRTC.
Those students could receive up to $5,000 per year to attend a Nebraska postsecondary educational institution if they meet certain requirements.
"This is a great opportunity to help these kids turn their life around, go to college at least part time and enter the workforce," Walz said.
Sen. Patty Pansing Brooks of Lincoln supported the committee amendment and the bill. If LB529 does not pass, she said, the Nebraska Opportunity Grant program will end in June, leaving Nebraska without a need-based financial aid program for students who attend state postsecondary institutions.
"It's critical, in my mind, to make college education more accessible and more affordable to Nebraska students in need," Pansing Brooks said.
Omaha Sen. John Cavanaugh also supported the bill. He said the proposed mental health training grant program could help reduce prison overcrowding by helping teachers identify the signs and symptoms of mental illness in students.
"Early intervention leads to better results, better long-term outcomes for people," Cavanaugh said. "[A] number of people who find themselves in the criminal justice system didn't get any access to mental health care until they got into the criminal justice system."
Sen. Dave Murman of Glenvil introduced an amendment containing many provisions of his LB673. The amendment would authorize teachers and other school personnel to use reasonable physical intervention to manage student behavior to protect themselves, the student or another person from physical injury.
Under Murman's proposal, teachers or other school personnel would not be subject to professional or administrative discipline for physical intervention or removal of a student from a class if they acted in a reasonable manner and in accordance with school policy.
It also would direct each school district to provide behavioral awareness and intervention training to administrators, teachers, paraprofessionals, school nurses and counselors beginning in school year 2021-22.
Murman said the amendment would provide funding to each school district and allow them to choose their own training program rather than rely on ESUs.
North Platte Sen. Mike Groene supported the amendment, saying it would protect teachers from being fired or suspended for defending themselves or others from a student who becomes violent.
Walz opposed Murman's amendment, saying ESUs could provide the training more effectively and efficiently. Additionally, Walz said, the teacher support system proposed in the committee amendment would provide teachers ongoing support after they receive training.
Murman later withdrew the amendment but said he would introduce a similar one during the second round of debate.
After adopting a technical amendment, senators voted 28-6 to advance LB529 to select file.


text:
What does OKSH stand for?
OKSH stands for Offener Kanal Schleswig-Holstein (German: Open Channel of Schleswig-Holstein; TV and radio public broadcasting; Schleswig-Holstein, Germany)
This definition appears somewhat frequently and is found in the following Acronym Finder categories:
- Organizations, NGOs, schools, universities, etc.
- Oklahoma Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf
- Obywatelski Komitet Ratowania Krakowa (Polish: Civic Committee Ratowania Krakow)
- Oklahoma Romance Writers of America
- Obcianska Konzervativna Strana (Slovak: Civic Conservative Party; Slovenia)
- Old King's School (alumni of the King's School, Canterbury, Kent UK)
- Olimpijski Komite Slovenije (Slovenian: Slovenian Olympic Committee)
- Ontopia Knowledge Suite (software)
- Oracle Service Contracts (software application)
- Oshkosh, Nebraska (airport code)
- Oberlin Korean Students Association (college group)
- Opto-Knowledge Systems, Inc.
- Amiga Oktalyzer (digital music file format)
- Occupational Knowledge Test
- Oktober (German: October)
- Olympisch Kwalificatie Toernooi (Dutch: Olympic Qualifying Tournament)
- Orang Kena Tuduh (Malaysia court cases)
- Order of Knights Templar (gaming guild)
- Our Kitchen Table
- Overseas Korean Traders Associations
- Oklahoma Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages (Oklahoma City, OK)


How to make a voice over video in VSDC
In the era of YouTube, when online blogging and production of video tutorials on just about anything has become commonplace, it's vital for aspiring clip makers to master the skill of voice over video. Even if you are not planning to become a YouTuber, you become well aware of those cases when you see that your vacation footage was ruined by chattering crowds, wind gusts, etc. One way to resolve the problem is to replace the defective sound with a nice tune. But what if you want to bring a more personal touch and record your own voice while impressions are still fresh and lively?
Download VSDC Free Video editor that allows you to do so in two ways: an easy one and a free one. Below, we'll review both, guide you through the main steps, and explain the difference between the two.
How to do voice over video in VSDC: the easy way
VSDC has an intuitive built-in voiceover tool that allows you to quickly add audio comments to your videos without having to deal with complex settings of any kind. See it for yourself in the video guide below.
Here is what you have to do in a nutshell:
 1. Import your video to the timeline using the "Add Object" dropdown menu.
 2. Click the wrench icon to select the voiceover tool.
 3. Play-pause the video to choose the part that needs audio comments. Use the "Start Recording" button whenever a voice comment needs to be added. Use the "Stop Recording" button to end the recording. Record as many items as necessary. Note: the recording will only start when you hit the play button. When the video is paused – your voice won't be recorded.
 How to create a voiceover video in VSDC - fast and eaasy
 4. When you are done with your comments, close the voiceover tool window. A pop-up window will appear asking for confirmation to add recorded files to the timeline. Click "Yes".
 5. Your audio comments will automatically be added to the timeline exactly where you wanted them to be. No manual action needed.
 6. If you want to mute original video soundtrack, right-click your video on a timeline and go to "Audio Effects --> Amplitude --> Silence".
 7. Double-check the result by clicking the red play button right under the preview window. If everything is fine, complete the process by clicking the red "Export project" button on the same title tab.
Please note, that the voiceover tool is only available with the PRO version of VSDC editor which is offered for $19.99 per year. If you are looking for a free way to record your voice over a video, follow the instructions below.
How to create a voiceover video in VSDC: the free way
VSDC wouldn't be called a free editor unless it offered a free way to record voice over video. Here is a detailed instruction:
 1. Open VSDC Free Video Editor and click "Import Content" to import the video that you intend to give voice to.
 2. Proceed to the "Tools" tab at the top menu and select the "Voice Recorder" tool. A new window will open.
 Adding voice over video for free in VSDC Video Editor
 3. Choose the desired format of your voice recording in the "Formats" tab.
 4. Proceed to the lower sections of the menu to select the output file destination, its quality, and the device you will use for recording.
 5. Place a checkmark in the "split file" section, if you are working with a really long video. This way your output audio will be split into several recordings. It will come in handy during the matching of your recording with the video. Mistiming can't be fixed with a single audio file in place, so having multiple files will help you perfectly adjust your sound and video tracks.
 6. Select the duration of your audio chunks in the drop-down menu on the right depending on the length of your video.
 7. Press the "Start Recording" button at the top right corner of the screen. Launching your video in a separate window might be a good idea too. You want to know what you are commenting, right? Press "Stop Recording" when you are ready and close the "Voice Recorder" window.
 8. Go back to VSDC video editing window with your imported video. Right-click your video on a timeline and go to "Audio Effects --> Amplitude --> Silence". This will silence the original soundtrack of your video.
 How to silence the original audio track in VSDC
 9. Go to the "Editor" tab, select "Add Object" and choose "Audio" from the drop-down list. Now proceed to the location on your computer where you saved you recordings, import them to the timeline and use drag-and-drop motion to place them in line with the video segments they are intended for.
As you have probably noticed, both methods lead to the same result: your recorded audio files placed beside your video on a timeline in the correct sequence. The only difference is, with a free method, you have to manually record, import and position them. With an easy method, manual work is taken out of the equation, making voice over videos much faster. Which one is better? You tell us :-)


Tu sei qui
Yogic Living: Yogic Numerology & the 10 Bodies of Light
Yogic Numerology is a simple, elegant tool for self-mastery. It gives us a framework to understand our strengths and weaknesses. The system is simple to learn, quick to apply, and accurate.
This is a good time to learn something new and start a practice that will help you embrace your individual gifts and overcome your personal weaknesses. It is also a time when we can share Yogic Numerology with friends and family—strengthen connections while offering something new, simple, fun and uplifting.
Yogic Numerology provides an effective way to align with your higher Self and excel via the technology of Kundalini Yoga.
The Yogic Numerology System
Yogic Numerology
Free Numerology Reading
Suggested Personal Sadhanas
Calculating the Numbers
The Ten Bodies
Introduction to the Ten Bodies by Shakti Parwha Kaur
Characteristics of the Ten Bodies
Kundalini Yoga and Tantric Numerology by Guruka Singh
Kundalini Yoga Technology
Kriya for Awakening to Your Ten Bodies
A great favorite Kundalini Kriya - 16 exercises take a minimum of 35 minutes.
To Master the 1st Body (Soul):
 1. Recite Japji Sahib by Guru Nanak daily for 1,000 days.
 2. Come from a place of great humility, relax into the flow of God energy and use it to create beauty. Raise the Kundalini and open the heart.
 3. Exercise Set for Balancing Head and Heart
 4. Pulse Meditation
 5. Guidance of the Soul meditation.
 6. Meditation into Being - I Am I Am
To Master the 2nd Body (Negative Mind):
 1. Recite Shabad Hazare by Guru Arjan daily.
 2. Value your discipline; develop conscious relationships of integrity; strengthen the Positive Mind if the Negative Mind is overdeveloped
 3. Chant the mantra Wahe Guru, Wahe Guru, Wahe Guru, Wahe Jio, out loud, 8 repetitions per breath, for 31 minutes daily.
 4. Meditation for Negating False Identity in The Ten Light Bodies of Consciousness (page 52).
 5. Meditation for the Negative Mind.
 6. Chii-a Kriya
 7. Chant Ang Sang Wahe Guru.
To Master the 3rd Body (Positive Mind):
 1. Read Anand Sahib by Guru Amar Das daily.
 2. Strengthen the Navel Point (Third Chakra); use positive affirmations; strengthen the Negative Mind if the Positive Mind is overdeveloped.
 3. Rebirthing Meditation
 4. Sing or meditate on the mantra Ardas Bhaee.
 5. Meditation for the Positive Mind.
 6. Kirtan Kriya.
To Master the 4th Body (Neutral Mind):
 1. Sing the songs of Guru Ram Das or meditate on Guru Ram Das using the mantra Guru Guru Wahe Guru, Guru Ram Das Guru.
 2. Regular meditation practice.
 3. Meditation for the Neutral Mind.
 4. Meditation for Guidance.
 5. Sodarshan Chakra Kriya.
To Master the 5th Body (Physical Body):
 1. Engage in strong physical exercise daily.
 2. Read Sukhmani Sahib by Guru Arjan every day.
 3. Teach.
 4. Meditation for Protection and Projection from the Heart.
 5. Prosperity Meditation in The Ten Light Bodies of Consciousness (page 135).
 6. Kriya for Healing the Self.
 7. Breath of Fire.
 8. Kundalini Bhakti Mantra.
To Master the 6th Body (Arcline)
 1. Meditate daily for at least 31 minutes with any meditation.
 2. Awaken the pituitary gland.
 3. Chant Mere Man Lochai daily.
 4. Drib Dhristi Lochina Karma Kriya
 5. Ajna Stimulation Kriya
 6. 8 Stroke Breath Meditation in Man to Man on page116.
 7. Meditation for the Arcline and to Clear the Karmas.
To Master the 7th (Auric) Body:
 1. Sing out loud, often and joyfully. Elevate others with your singing.
 2. Wear white clothing made of natural fibers.
 3. Balancing the Aura.
 4. Meditation for the Divine Shield.
 5. Strengthening the Aura.
 6. The Seventh Body Meditation.
 7. Grace of God Meditation.
To Master the 8th (Pranic) Body:
 1. All pranayama.
 2. Narayan Kriya on p. 96, Man to Man.
 4. Do any or all of the Ra Ma Da Sa, Sa Say So Hung Healing Meditations.
 5. Master the technique of Long Deep Breathing.
 6. Develop Your Pranic Energy.
 7. Meditation for a Stable Self.
To Master the 9th (Subtle) Body:
 1. Any meditation that you do consistently for 1,000 days will work on the ninth body.
 2. Breath Meditation Series for Glandular Balance in Kundalini Yoga Sadhana Guidelines.
 3. Meditation for Conquering Death in The Ten Light Bodies of Consciousness (pages 196 & 197).
 4. Meditation to Clarify the Subtle Body.
 5. Laya Yoga Chant
 6. Chant Gobinday Mukunday.
To Master the 10th (Radiant) Body:
 1. Keep your hair long and uncut.
 2. Recite Jaap Sahib by Guru Gobind Singh daily.
 3. Guru Gobind Singh Shakti Mantra Meditation.
 4. Archer Pose for 11 minutes (each side) every day.
 5. Varuyas Kriya in Kundalini Yoga Sadhana Guidelines.
 6. Gobinda Meditation in The Ten Light Bodies of Consciousness (page 223).
 7. Meditation to Develop the Radiant Body.
 8. The Radiant Body Meditation for Women.
 9. Chattra Chakkra Vartee.
To Master the Number Eleven:
 1. Read from the Siri Guru Granth Sahib every day for 1,000 days.
 2. Chant Long Ek Ong Kars
 3. Chant the mantra Ek Ong Kar Sat Gur Prasad Sat Gur Prasad Ek Ong Kar for 31 minutes daily.
 4. Ra Ma Meditation
 5. Chant the Aquarian Sadhana Mantras.
Yoga manuals, books and other resources are available through KRISikh Dharma International, or Spirit Voyage.
From the Blog
Master the Moment with Your Mastery Number by Nam Hari Kaur
The 11th Body in the 10 Body System by Lynn Roulo
My Heart Number by Nam Hari Kaur
Gemstones for the 10 Bodies By Alyson Atma Simms
All About the 3 Mental Bodies by Nirvair Singh
Mastering My Negative Mind by Sewa Singh
Numerology and the Sacred Science of Sound by Sangeet Kaur
Strengthening Your Radiance: Be the Light
Gemstones and the 10 Bodies by Siri Radha Kaur
The 3 Functional Minds
Our 7th and 8th Bodies: Living Life Strong by Savitree Kaur
The 3 Minds in Relationship: He Said, She Said, Soul Said by Catalyst Yogi
For More Information:
Akara Numerology by Nam Hari Kaur
The Ten Light Bodies of Consciousness by Nirvair Singh
Tantric Numerology: Create your Destiny by Guruchander and Kirn Khalsa
Numerology for Self Mastery by Guruchander Khalsa
Let the Numbers Guide You: The Spiritual Science of Numerology by Shiv Charan Singh


Arc Gun
Designed for close assault, both arc guns and flamers are accurate weapons at short ranges. A more finesse choice for killing.
Harnessing the power of electricity makes for a range of
effective weapons. Some shock weapons are designed to stun
a single target, while others can hit multiple foes spread over
an area or generate arcs that jump between multiple targets
in a lightning-linked chain. Many shock weapons can be easily
identified by their electricity-generating coils, glass insulators,
or carbon-fiber shielding meant to protect the wielder.


01 March 2011
Snail dispersal by cars - Part 2
Published evidence for the passive dispersal of land snails, especially of alien species, on cars was the subject of this post. The process is simple: if a car is parked at a spot where there are active snails, some of them may climb on the car and later go wherever the car happens to go.
Here is a piece of evidence that this indeed happens. These pictures of a snail was taken by my friend Selim Dorak on his car in the city of Antalya in southern Turkey. The car was in the parking lot of a store when Selim first saw the snail. He then drove with the snail on the car to his house and thereby demonstrated that dispersal of snails by car, at least over short distances, is possible.
The snail seems to have been a species in the family Hygromiidae. Another possibility is that it was a juvenile Helix, sp. but they usually don't have such pointed spires.
1 comment:
Anonymous said...
Snails are routinely intercepted on shipping containers coming into the United States. They have also been found on used cars and excavators.


Tracking documentation progress
21st December, 2017
Applies to: 6.x versions, Article available also for: 9.x (current), 8.x, 7.x, 5.x
You are looking at documentation for an older release.
One of the features of Dataedo is documentation progress tracking.
To enable it, click the Show progress button on the ribbon. Show progress button
Progress bars will appear in the documentation tree. Progress displayed
Progress of individual objects
Progress of documentation of an object is calculated with a following formula:
Progress = Actual points/Total points
Total points = 5 (main description) + [number of columns] + [number of keys] + [number of relations] + [number of triggers] + [number of inputs/outputs]
Actual points = 5 if main description is non blank + 1 for each column where description is non blank + 1 for each key with description + 1 for each relation with description + 1 for each trigger with description + 1 for each input/output with description
Progress at 0% means that no descriptions are present in the repository.
Progress at 100% means that all required descriptions are filled (non blank) in the repository.
Progress of documentation
Dataedo aggregates progress of objects up to the folders and modules and eventually to documentation level (database/connection). Documentation progress of documentation is a total of all documentation objects (tables, views, procedures and functions):
Progress = Sum of actual points of all objects/Sum of total points of all objects
Progress of module
Dataedo shows a progress for each specific module. The formula is the same as for documentation, but including only objects assigned to module.
Progress of object type/folder
The same logic applies to counting progress of documentation of particular object type - all tables, views, etc. are summarized.
More information
Ignoring triggers, keys and relations in progress calculations
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text: With the advancement of photo editing software, digital documents can easily be altered, which causes some legal issues. This paper proposes an image authentication method, which determines whether an image is authentic. Unlike many existing methods that only work with images in the JPEG format, the proposed method is image format independent, implying that it works with both noncompressed images and images in all compression formats. To improve the authentication accuracy, some strategies, such as overlapping image blocks only on concurrent directions, using a two-scale local binary pattern operator, and choosing the mean deviation instead of the standard deviation, are applied. A back-propagation neural network (BPNN) is used instead of support vector machines (SVMs) for classification to make online learning easier and achieve higher accuracy. In our experiments, we used the CASIA Database (CASIA TIDE v1.0) of compressed images and the Columbia University Digital Video Multimedia (DVMM) dataset of uncompressed images to evaluate our image authentication method. This benchmark dataset includes two types of image tampering, namely image splicing and copy–move forgery. Experiments were performed using both the SVM and BPNN classifiers with various parameters. We determined that the BPNN achieved a higher accuracy of up to 97.26 %.


We matched that to:
How do I add another Username or Access Card to the EasyWeb login screen?
EasyWeb can conveniently store and remember multiple Usernames and Access Cards.
To add additional Username or Access Cards to the login screen
 1. Select the drop-down arrow in the Username or Access Card input box
 2. Select Add Username or Access Card
 3. Enter your additional Username or Access Card number. Do not enter spaces or dashes.
 4. If you wish, add a Description that will associate the Access Card with the user (e.g. Dad's Card)
 5. Check the box "Remember me".
 6. Enter your password.
 7. Select Login.
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text:
April 28, 2004
Effect of Fires on Saltcedar Growth
The Effect of Bosque Fires on Saltcedar Growth
Rachel Clements, 14, Albuquerque, N.M.
Leah Crowder, 14, Albuquerque, N.M.
Finalists, Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge, 2003
Project background: Saltcedar trees are a non-native, invasive species that drink up to 300 gallons of water a day in the riverside forest known as the bosque in New Mexico. The trees' massive taproots also tend to interfere with the water table. A professor at the Bosque Ecosystem Monitoring Program challenged Leah and Rachel to see if saltcedar trees grow better in the open or under the cottonwood canopy of the forest. A recent fire provided an opportunity to see if, after a summer of growth, there would be more saltcedars in the burned areas than in the unburned areas.
Tactics and results: The girls counted the number of saltcedars on either side of a firebreak. They divided areas on the burned and unburned sides into 10-meter by 10-meter plots and recorded the height, health, and relationship of the saltcedars to the cottonwoods.
Rachel and Leah found that there were more saltcedars in the burned areas than the unburned areas. Further studies are needed to see if this is because the cottonwood canopy inhibits saltcedar growth or because saltcedars thrive in areas cleared by fire.
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What is author impact data?
The Author impact is a summarized view of the impact data collected from all the articles you have published and linked to your Frontiers profile.
It is an aggregation of the total number of article views, downloads and citations.
You can find this clicking on your name on the top right corner, then selecting Profile.
You find the number under the Impact tab:


Documentation Center
 - Trial Software
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Define and Use Structure Parameters
Defining Structure Parameters
To define structure parameters in MATLAB Function blocks, follow these steps:
 1. Define and initialize a structure variable
 A common method is to create a structure in the base workspace. For other methods, see Structure Parameters.
 2. In the Ports and Data Manager, add data in the MATLAB Function block with the following properties:
 PropertyWhat to Specify
 NameEnter same name as the structure variable you defined in the base workspace
 ScopeSelect Parameter
 TunableLeave checked if you want to change (tune) the value of the parameter during simulation; otherwise, clear to make the parameter non-tunable and preserve the initial value during simulation
 TypeSelect Inherit: Same as Simulink
 3. Click Apply.
FIMATH Properties of Non-Tunable Structure Parameters
FIMATH properties for non-tunable structure parameters containing fixed-point values are based on the initial values of the structure. They do not come from the FIMATH properties specified for fixed-point input signals to the parent MATLAB Function block. (These FIMATH properties appear in the properties dialog box for MATLAB Function blocks.)
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text:
accelerated light exposure的用法和样例：
- Operating relative humidity during light exposure (if measured).
- Green laser light exposure was given 72 hours after HPD injection.
- You are great, do not need as light exposure, insufferably arrogant.
- There seems to be interplay between an individual's innate vulnerability and her degree of light exposure.
- You can also rotate the containers so each side of your plant gets enough light exposure.


Specialization in Christian Initiation
adult pointing to a bible passage while teaching a student
OFW Resources
Especialización en Iniciación Cristiana
Ver Pagina Aqui
This specialization program is 1st for people who are parish Directors of the RCIA and want to deepen and clarify their doubts about the different aspects of the process. 2nd it is for people who have finished their Basic Catechesis and want to specialize in the RCIA process. Upon completion of the program you will receive a certificate for completing the specialization.
Session 1: Conversion and Discernment
Exploring with Candidates their readiness to enter the process Marriage issues other impediments
Session 2: Forming an Initiation team
Sponsor coordinator, catechists (dismissal and extended catechesis), hospitality coordinator, liturgist (priest), liturgical musicians
Session 3: Supervising the formation process
Dismissal and extended catechesis (paragraph 75
Session 4: Celebrating the season of Lent
Rites of Election, Purification and Enlightenment
Session 5: Celebrating the Sacraments of Initiation and follow-up
Mystagogy-Eucharist and Penance


NY Penal Law 195.15 – Obstructing firefighting operations
A person is guilty of obstructing firefighting operations when he intentionally and unreasonably obstructs the efforts of any:
 1. fireman in extinguishing a fire, or prevents or dissuades another from extinguishing or helping to extinguish a fire; or
 2. fireman, police officer or peace officer in performing his duties in circumstances involving an imminent danger created by an explosion, threat of explosion or the presence of toxic fumes or gases.
Obstructing firefighting operations is a class A misdemeanor.


text:
Applications Administration Guide > Using Accounts in Siebel Call Center >
Adding Contacts to an Account
As agents work closely with prospective or customer accounts, they need to accurately maintain the contacts associated with the account. The following procedure describes how to add one or more new contacts for an account.
To add contacts to an account
- Navigate to the Accounts screen, and select the account in the Accounts list.
- Click the Contacts view tab.
- In the Contacts list, create a new record and complete the necessary fields.
- Click the hyperlink in the Last Name field to navigate to the Contacts screen to add additional information about the contact.


text:
Train timetabling with dynamic and random passenger demand: A stochastic optimization method
place - asia, place - urban, mode - subway/metro, mode - rail, operations - scheduling, ridership - demand, planning - methods
Urban rail transit, Train timetable, Stochastic optimization, Variable neighborhood search algorithm
Considering the dynamics and randomness of passenger demand, this paper investigates a train timetabling problem in the stochastic environment for an urban rail transit system. With the scenario-based representation of passenger distribution, an integer nonlinear programming (INLP) model is first formulated to simultaneously optimize the total number of train services, headway settings and speed profile selection decision during the planning time horizon, in which the expected total service cost is treated as the objective function. Through an analysis of the features of the nonlinear constraints, a reformulation method is proposed to develop an equivalent integer linear programming (ILP) model that can be easily solved by commercial software. Moreover, a variable neighborhood search algorithm is developed to find the approximate optimal solutions for large-scale problems within the tolerable computing time. Finally, two sets of numerical experiments, with the operation environments of a simple urban rail transit line and Fuzhou Metro Line 1, are implemented to verify the solution quality and effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Permission to publish the abstract has been given by Elsevier, copyright remains with them.
Gong, C., Shi, J., Wang, Y., Zhou, H., Yang, L., Chen, D., & Pan, H. (2021). Train timetabling with dynamic and random passenger demand: A stochastic optimization method. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, Vol. 123, 102963.


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SortedList.Item Property
Gets and sets the value associated with a specific key in a SortedList object.
Namespace: System.Collections
Assembly: mscorlib (in mscorlib.dll)
public virtual Object this [
 Object key
] { get; set; }
/** _USER_ */
public Object get_Item (Object key)
/** _USER_ */
public void set_Item (Object key, Object value)
Not applicable.
The key associated with the value to get or set.
Property Value
The value associated with the key parameter in the SortedList object, if key is found; otherwise, a null reference (Nothing in Visual Basic).
Exception typeCondition
key is a null reference (Nothing in Visual Basic).
The property is set and the SortedList object is read-only.
The property is set, key does not exist in the collection, and the SortedList has a fixed size.
There is not enough available memory to add the element to the SortedList.
The comparer throws an exception.
You can use the Item property to access a specific element in a collection by specifying the following syntax: myCollection[key].
You can also use this property to add new elements by setting the value of a key that does not exist in the SortedList object (for example, myCollection["myNonexistentKey"] = myValue). However, if the specified key already exists in the SortedList, setting the Item property overwrites the old value. In contrast, the Add method does not modify existing elements.
A key cannot be a null reference (Nothing in Visual Basic), but a value can be. To distinguish between a null reference (Nothing in Visual Basic) that is returned because the specified key is not found and a null reference (Nothing in Visual Basic) that is returned because the value of the specified key is a null reference (Nothing in Visual Basic), use the Contains method or the ContainsKey method to determine if the key exists in the list.
The elements of a SortedList are sorted by the keys either according to a specific IComparer implementation specified when the SortedList is created or according to the IComparable implementation provided by the keys themselves.
The C# language uses the this keyword to define the indexers instead of implementing the Keys property. Visual Basic implements Item as a default property, which provides the same indexing functionality.
.NET Framework
Supported in: 3.0, 2.0, 1.1, 1.0
.NET Compact Framework
Supported in: 2.0
XNA Framework
Supported in: 1.0
Community Additions
© 2014 Microsoft


text: Comparisons between observed and predicted strong lensing properties of galaxy clusters have been used to claim either tension or consistency with ΛCDM cosmology. However, standard approaches to such tests are unable to quantify the preference for one cosmology over another. We advocate a Bayesian approach whereby the parameters defining the scaling relation between Einstein radii and cluster mass are treated as the observables. We demonstrate a method of estimating the likelihood for observing these parameters under the ΛCDM framework, using the X-ray selected z > 0.5 MACS clusters as a case in point and employing both N-body and hydrodynamic simulations of clusters. We account for cluster lens triaxiality within the modelling of the likelihood function. Cluster selection criteria is found to play as important a role as the uncertainty related to the description of star formation and feedback.


Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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text + -man
textman (plural textmen)
 1. (dated) One who is ready to quote texts.
 - Bishop Robert Sanderson
 Men's daily occasions for themselves or friends, and the necessities of common life require the doing of a thousand things within the compass of a few days, for which it would puzzle the best textman that liveth readily to bethink himself of a sentence in the Bible, clear enough to satisfy a scrupulous conscience of the lawfulness and expediency of what he is about to do []


text:
The John Hancock Center for Youth and Family Ministry, located on the campus of La Sierra University, is a research and resource center providing support to youth ministry professionals, and parents worldwide. The Hancock Center was established in direct response to recommendations from the Valuegenesis research taskforce.
Following the comprehensive Valuegenesis inquiry into the formation of faith, values and commitment among Adventist youth, the Project Affirmation Taskforces formulated clear recommendations for immediate planned change. They called their recommendations "Imperatives for Action." These visions of a more effective church included an unprecedented call for the establishment of youth ministry centers to support and expand the educational efforts of the union and local conference youth ministry leadership. The recommendations concluded with this clear call: "In response to the need to renew professional and volunteer youth ministry, we recommend that youth ministry resource and research centers be established."
On May 23, 1991 the La Sierra University Board of Trustees voted the establishment of the center as an official university entity and approved the commencement of both fund-raising and educational activities. The John H. Hancock Center for Youth Ministry had come into being.
To provide national leadership and resources to aid those working with Adventist youth and young adults in better understanding them, and the effects of the home, church, and school on their faith maturity, and values development.
To provide statistical based resources and training to parents, pastors, and educators as they help youth and young adults to develop a high level of mature faith, and solid core values


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Is there a rule or something I can use to calculate a good number for max_connections, default_pool_size and max_client_conn?
The defaults are odd. PostgreSQL defaults to max_connections=100 while pgbouncer defaults to default_pool_size=20. Shouldn't default_pool_size always be higher than max_connections? Otherwise, what's the point? I thought pgbouncer was meant to let us handle more connections by lowering their overhead (by reusing PostgreSQL's connections). I'm confused.
I'm looking for advice similar to the ones found in PostgreSQL's wiki, like "this parameter should be ~50% of your memory".
I remember there was a spreadsheet for MySQL that would let you calculate these kind of parameters. It would be awesome to have something like that for PostgreSQL/pgbouncer.
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
up vote 3 down vote accepted
First, please read our canonical question on Capacity Planning.
The specific advice you're asking for is capacity planning advice, and you're going to have to work that out on your own, for your particular environment.
Second, You are looking at this wrong.
The amount of memory (or any other resource) you have doesn't dictate the number of connections you set, the number of connections you need dictates how beefy a server you must purchase.
The per-connection resource requirements are given in the manual in considerable detail, as well as discussed on the Wiki you linked to. Figure out what your environment needs (or make an educated guess) and ensure the hardware you are going to run on can handle what you're going to throw at it.
Specifically re: connection limits and pool size, you should have "enough" connections to meet your application's requirements - either on a single server or through a pool/bouncer.
"Enough" is a relative number: An application that makes (and continually reuses) one connection only requires one connection. An application that establishes a connection for each end-user who logs in requires as many DB connections as it has users.
The default values for both Postgres and pgbouncer are sensible as defaults:
 - 100 database connections is a lot for the typical person throwing Postgres into an environment.
 Developers probably won't need more than 10. Anyone else will know enough to increase the number.
 - 20 connections from pgbouncer per DB pool means you can get 4 pools pointing at one server and not overwhelm the default Postgres connection limit.
 It is possible to have multiple pooled resources in pgbouncer pointing at one back-end database, and you always want some available connections on your back-end servers.
If the defaults are not suitable for your environment you are expected to change them.
Remember that pooled connections does not mean "always tie up every database connection available".
The point of pgbouncer as you noted is to reuse connections. The efficiency gain here doesn't require that you tie up every available connection, merely that you don't disconnect, reconnect, re-negotiate SSL, re-authenticate to the database, and re-run your connection setup queries every time.
share|improve this answer
I don't see the point of buying more hardware before configuring things properly. "Anyone else will know enough to increase the number". Well, where can I learn to know enough? I'm not finding much material about connections. Is it just trial and error? The spreadsheet I mentioned for MySQL used to work like a charm. Using more connections than the indicated by it would result in the server running out of memory. Right now I have 4GB, I was expecting to have to increase the defaults. Also, 20x4=80, what are the other 20 for? – ChocoDeveloper Feb 25 '13 at 17:42
_USER_ Please re-read my answer in its entirety (you're asking some things that I've already addressed), and spend a few minutes with the documentation I linked to. You are still looking at this backwards (see the first paragraph of my answer). Bear in mind that Postgres is NOT MySQL: You need to forget everything you think you know from your MySQL tuning experience. Postgres is more like Oracle. Study the manual, and proceed according to the instructions it gives you. – voretaq7 Feb 25 '13 at 18:00
Alright, thanks. – ChocoDeveloper Feb 25 '13 at 18:30
Your Answer


text:
Science Fair Project Encyclopedia
Gold-plating is a term relating to European Union law, used particularly in the UK.
Gold-plating refers to the practise of national bodies exceeding the terms of European Community directives when implementing them into national law. In the United Kingdom business lobbyists argue that the government and its agencies often tag additional measures on to the back of European Directives which place UK business at a competitive disadvantage in relation to other EU states where directives are implemented more literally.
In Italy, gold-plating has often been used a device to pass through controversial measures and ensuring a lower degree of parliamentary scrutiny, particularly in periods of weak governments.
EU governments committed themselves to a deregulation agenda at the Lisbon Summit in 2000, and as a consequence the European Commission has supported more maximum harmonisation measures in recent years, which effectively prohibit gold-plating.
The contents of this article is licensed from _URL_ under the GNU Free Documentation License. Click here to see the transparent copy and copyright details


Many of the boar that are killed land on the plates of diners across Germany, but it is forbidden to sell meat containing high levels of radioactive caesium-137 — any animals showing contamination levels higher than 600 becquerel per kilogram must be disposed of. But in some areas of Germany, particularly in the south, wild boar routinely show much higher levels of contamination. According to the Environment Ministry, the average contamination for boar shot in Bayerischer Wald, a forested region on the Bavarian border with the Czech Republic, was 7,000 becquerel per kilogram. Other regions in southern Germany aren't much better.
Hunting officials have been experimenting with Giese salt (a cesium-binding chemical mixture that's been used to facilitate the excretion of radiation in farm animals), but the radioactive boars aren't going away anytime soon. According to Joachim Reddemann of the Bavarian Hunting Federation, "The problem has been at a high level for a long time [...] It will likely remain that way for at least the next 50 years."
[Thanks for the tip, Oleg!]