Künneth theorem
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In mathematics, especially in homological algebra and algebraic topology, a Künneth theorem, also called a Künneth formula, is a statement relating the homology of two objects to the homology of their product. The classical statement of the Künneth theorem relates the singular homology of two topological spaces X and Y and their product space X × Y. In the simplest possible case the relationship is that of a tensor product, but for applications it is very often necessary to apply certain tools of homological algebra to express the answer.
A Künneth theorem or Künneth formula is true in many different homology and cohomology theories, and the name has become generic. These many results are named for the German mathematician Hermann Künneth.
Singular homology with coefficients in a field[edit]
Let X and Y be two topological spaces. In general one uses singular homology; but if X and Y happen to be CW complexes, then this can be replaced by cellular homology, because that is isomorphic to singular homology. The simplest case is when the coefficient ring for homology is a field F. In this situation, the Künneth theorem (for singular homology) states that for any integer k,
\bigoplus_{i + j = k} H_i(X; F) \otimes H_j(Y; F) \cong H_k(X \times Y; F).
Furthermore, the isomorphism is a natural isomorphism. The map from the sum to the homology group of the product is called the cross product. More precisely, there is a cross product operation by which an i-cycle on X and a j-cycle on Y can be combined to create an (i+j)-cycle on X × Y; so that there is an explicit linear mapping defined from the direct sum to Hk(X × Y).
A consequence of this result is that the Betti numbers, the dimensions of the homology with Q coefficients, of X × Y can be determined from those of X and Y. If pZ(t) is the generating function of the sequence of Betti numbers bk(Z) of a space Z, then
p_{X \times Y}(t) = p_X(t) p_Y(t).
Here when there are finitely many Betti numbers of X and Y, each of which is a natural number rather than ∞, this reads as an identity on Poincaré polynomials. In the general case these are formal power series with possibly infinite coefficients, and have to be interpreted accordingly. Furthermore, the above statement holds not only for the Betti numbers but also for the generating functions of the dimensions of the homology over any field. (If the integer homology is not torsion-free then these numbers may differ from the standard Betti numbers.)
Singular homology with coefficients in a principal ideal domain[edit]
The above formula is simple because vector spaces over a field have very restricted behavior. As the coefficient ring becomes more general, the relationship becomes more complicated. The next simplest case is the case when the coefficient ring is a principal ideal domain. This case is particularly important because the integers Z are a PID.
In this case the equation above is no longer always true. A correction factor appears to account for the possibility of torsion phenomena. This correction factor is expressed in terms of the Tor functor, the first derived functor of the tensor product.
When R is a PID, then the correct statement of the Künneth theorem is that for any topological spaces X and Y there are natural short exact sequences
0 \to \bigoplus_{i + j = k} H_i(X; R) \otimes_R H_j(Y; R) \to H_k(X \times Y; R) \to \bigoplus_{i + j = k-1} \mathrm{Tor}_1^R(H_i(X; R), H_j(Y; R)) \to 0.
Furthermore these sequences split, but not canonically.
The short exact sequences just described can easily be used to compute the homology groups with integer coefficients of the product P2(R) × P2(R) of two real projective planes, in other words Hk(P2(R) × P2(R); Z). These spaces are CW complexes. Denoting the homology group Hi(P2(R); Z) by hi for brevity's sake, one knows from a simple calculation with cellular homology that
hi = 0 for all other values of i.
The only non-zero Tor group (torsion product) which can be formed from these values of hi is
\mathrm{Tor}^{\mathbf{Z}}_1(h_1, h_1) \cong \mathrm{Tor}^{\mathbf{Z}}_1(\mathbf{Z}/(2),\mathbf{Z}/(2))\cong \mathbf{Z}/(2).
Therefore the Künneth short exact sequence reduces in every degree to an isomorphism, because there is a zero group in each case on either the left or the right side in the sequence. The result is
H_0 \left (\mathbf{P}^2(\mathbf{R}) \times \mathbf{P}^2(\mathbf{R});\mathbf{Z} \right )\; &\cong \;h_0 \otimes h_0 \;\cong \;\mathbf{Z} \\
H_1 \left (\mathbf{P}^2(\mathbf{R}) \times \mathbf{P}^2(\mathbf{R});\mathbf{Z} \right )\; &\cong \; h_0 \otimes h_1 \; \oplus \; h_1 \otimes h_0 \;\cong \;\mathbf{Z}/(2)\oplus \mathbf{Z}/(2) \\
H_2 \left (\mathbf{P}^2(\mathbf{R}) \times \mathbf{P}^2(\mathbf{R});\mathbf{Z} \right )\; &\cong \;h_1 \otimes h_1 \;\cong \;\mathbf{Z}/(2) \\
H_3 \left (\mathbf{P}^2(\mathbf{R}) \times \mathbf{P}^2(\mathbf{R});\mathbf{Z} \right )\; &\cong \;\mathrm{Tor}^{\mathbf{Z}}_1(h_1,h_1) \;\cong \;\mathbf{Z}/(2) \\
and all the other homology groups are zero.
The Künneth spectral sequence[edit]
For a general commutative ring R, the homology of X and Y is related to the homology of their product by a Künneth spectral sequence
E_{pq}^2 = \bigoplus_{q_1 + q_2 = q} \mathrm{Tor}^R_p(H_{q_1}(X; R), H_{q_2}(Y; R)) \Rightarrow H_{p+q}(X \times Y; R).
In the cases described above, this spectral sequence collapses to give an isomorphism or a short exact sequence.
Relation with homological algebra, and idea of proof[edit]
The chain complex of the space X × Y is related to the chain complexes of X and Y by a natural quasi-isomorphism
C_*(X \times Y) \cong C_*(X) \otimes C_*(Y).
For singular chains this is the theorem of Eilenberg and Zilber. For cellular chains on CW complexes, it is a straightforward isomorphism. Then the homology of the tensor product on the right is given by the spectral Künneth formula of homological algebra.[1]
The freeness of the chain modules means that in this geometric case it is not necessary to use any hyperhomology or total derived tensor product.
There are analogues of the above statements for singular cohomology and sheaf cohomology. For sheaf cohomology on an algebraic variety, Grothendieck found six spectral sequences relating the possible hyperhomology groups of two chain complexes of sheaves and the hyperhomology groups of their tensor product.[2]
Künneth theorems in generalized homology and cohomology theories[edit]
There are many generalized or extraordinary homology and cohomology theories for topological spaces. K-theory and cobordism are the best-known. Their striking common feature (not their definition) is that they do not arise from ordinary chain complexes. Thus Künneth theorems can not be obtained by the above methods of homological algebra. Nevertheless Künneth theorems in just the same form have been proved in very many cases by various other methods. The first were Atiyah's Künneth theorem for complex K-theory and Conner and Floyd's result in cobordism.[3][4] A general method of proof emerged, based upon a homotopical theory of modules over highly structured ring spectra.[5] The homotopy category of such modules closely resembles the derived categories of homological algebra.
 1. ^ See final chapter of Mac Lane, Saunders (1963), Homology, Berlin: Springer, ISBN 0-387-038


text:
Issue No. 08 - August (1995 vol. 44)
DOI Bookmark: _URL_
Abstract—Achieving race-free state assignments is an important objective in the synthesis of asynchronous sequential logic circuits (ASLCs). Traditionally, adjacency diagrams are used to help identify and resolve race conditions; however, this approach has a high degree of computational complexity. This paper presents an efficient state assignment algorithm that utilizes a pattern matching technique to predict races and to eliminate the need for enumerative searches. More specifically, the race-free state assignment problem is formulated as the embedding of a bipartite connected graph onto an n-cube and achieves a near minimum number of state variables. This algorithm has been evaluated using several representative examples. Results show that the developed algorithm provides better performance than existing algorithms. Due to the simplicity of the bipartite representation of an n-cube, the developed algorithm is suitable for ASLC synthesis that may involve a relatively large number of states.
Asynchronous sequential logic circuits, adjacency diagram, bipartite adjacency table, bipartite graph, bipartite representation of an n-cube, mapping, partitioning, race-free state assignments, state assignments algorithm.
Jun-Woo Kang, P. David Fisher, Chin-Long Wey, "Application of Bipartite Graphs for Achieving Race-Free State Assignments", IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol. 44, no., pp. _PHONE_, August 1995, doi:10.1109/12.403716

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Vestland fylkeskommune, the regional road administration that owns the regional roads in Vestland in Norway, made a demo installation of the Actibump system in Bergen, Norway. They have now evaluated the system and its effects from a number of angles. Their conclusions are very positive and in short some of them are:
- Comparisons between speed measurements collected before and after installation show a significant drop in speed at the Actibump.
- Speed measurements ca 80 meters after the installation show a lower reduction of speed.
- Emergency organisations are positive to the system.
- The public transport organisation has had no complaints about the system.
- Very few complaints from the public.
- There have been no observations of bicyclists crossing the hatch, but there have been some situations observed where bicyclists enter the bike lane right before the Actibump.
- There have been observations of rapid decelerations and evasive actions on a motorcycle but it happened in a well-controlled manner.
- There have been no observations or complaints about undesired actions connected to the system.
- Higher cost than the usual speed reducing measures but added value in the shape of traffic data.
You can find the entire report, in Norwegian, HERE


text:
Date Added: Nov 2011
Vehicular Ad Hoc NETworks (VANETs) adopt the Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) and Certificate Revocation Lists (CRLs) for their security. In any PKI system, the authentication of a received message is performed by checking if the certificate of the sender is included in the current CRL, and verifying the authenticity of the certificate and signature of the sender. In this paper, the authors propose an Expedite Message Authentication Protocol (EMAP) for VANETs, which replaces the time-consuming CRL checking process by an efficient revocation checking process. The revocation check process in EMAP uses a keyed Hash Message Authentication Code (HMAC), where the key used in calculating the HMAC is shared only between non-revoked On-Board Units (OBUs).


text:
Definition of Anterior tongue
Anterior tongue: The front two-thirds of the tongue. In contrast to the base of the tongue, which is the back third. The distinction between the anterior and base of the tongue reflects the fact that they are of different embryological origin. The distinction also matters as regards cancer. See: Tongue cancer.
Last Editorial Review: 10/9/2012
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source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


1. Add the PushipNotification.js script to the assets/www folder and include it to the index.html file
 2. Add the following code to the OnDeviceReady method:
 Puship.PushipAppId = puship_id; // an example of puship_id might be: "h1mCVGaP9dtGnwG"
 var serverUrl = ""; // the url of production or development provided by blackberry
 var appId = "396-577a13e9r57070Mnn75549ii0ch2r9l41808"; // this appid is provided by blackberry with the url
 var port = 32200;
 Puship.BPNS.Register(port, serverUrl, appId,
 successCallback: function (pushipresult){
 navigator.notification.alert("device registered with DeviceId:" + pushipresult.DeviceId);
 failCallback: function (pushipresult){
 navigator.notification.alert("error during registration: "+ JSON.stringify(pushipresult));
 3. Add these permission to config.xml:
 4. Create a new folder in the www one and name it resources. Once done it copy into it this icon (note that can be overwritten with a custom one).
 5. In case you didn't have the serverUrl and the appId, follow this guide and replace the example values in the previous script.
 6. Create a new application using the Puship Manager to get the Puship App ID and replace all the occurrences of "puship_id" with the actual one.
It's now possible to connect to the Puship Manager and start sending push notification to your devices!
Download a complete example using the link below to better understand the whole process
Adding tags, geolocations management and all the other api are described in the guide common to all the platform that can be consulted at the following link:


One Who Knows Me: An Interview
Anna M. Shields has written a marvelous book on friendship, literature, and history in medieval China. One Who Knows Me: Friendship and Literary Culture in Mid-Tang China (Harvard University Press, 2015) is the first book-length study of friendship in the Chinese tradition. Focusing on the period from the 790s through the 820s, it asks how writing on friendship both reflected & shaped broader transformations in mid-Tang literary culture, and it weaves together historical and literary analyses in offering its answers. To hear us talking about it for the NBEAS podcast, head over to this link.


text:
Iglesia Evangélica Luterana Boliviana (Bolivian Evangelical Lutheran Church) (IELB)
The Bolivian Evangelical Lutheran Church grew out of the work of the World Mission Prayer League from the USA, among Aymara Indians. In 1972, the American missionaries left the country, as the local people claimed greater participation in the decision-making bodies of the church. The Bolivian Evangelical Lutheran Church was constituted that same year. The church is composed entirely of indigenous people. It is the largest Amerindian Lutheran church on the continent.
The IELB's main priority is to promote a holistic approach to evangelism and service. The church is involved in a variety of projects: alternative agriculture, animal husbandry, provision of drinking water, educational campaigns to prevent cholera, formal education (elementary school), vocational training, and communication.


Student Thesaurus
One entry found for shibboleth.
Entry Word: shibboleth
Function: noun
Text: 1 an attention-getting word or phrase used to publicize something (as a campaign or product) -- see SLOGAN
2 an idea or expression that has been used by many people -- see COMMONPLACE


text:
You can speed up the access to nodes of a large Info file by giving it a tags table. Unlike the tags table for a program, the tags table for an Info file lives inside the file itself and is used automatically whenever Info reads in the file.
To make a tags table, go to a node in the file using Emacs Info mode and type
M-x Info-tagify. Then you must use C-x C-s to save the
file. Info files produced by the
makeinfo command that is part
of the Texinfo package always have tags tables to begin with.
Once the Info file has a tags table, you must make certain it is up
to date. If you edit an Info file directly (as opposed to editing its
Texinfo source), and, as a result of deletion of text, any node moves back
more than a thousand characters in the file from the position
recorded in the tags table, Info will no longer be able to find that
node. To update the tags table, use the
An Info file tags table appears at the end of the file and looks like this:
^_^L Tag Table: File: info, Node: Cross-refs^?21419 File: info, Node: Tags^?22145 ^_ End Tag Table
Note that it contains one line per node, and this line contains the beginning of the node's header (ending just after the node name), a 'DEL' character, and the character position in the file of the beginning of the node.


By Topic
Composition Vector Method Based on Maximum Entropy Principle for Sequence Comparison
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4 Author(s)
Chan, R.H. ; Dept. of Math., Chinese Univ. of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ; Chan, T.H. ; Hau Man Yeung ; Wang, R.W.
The composition vector (CV) method is an alignment-free method for sequence comparison. Because of its simplicity when compared with multiple sequence alignment methods, the method has been widely discussed lately; and some formulas based on probabilistic models, like Hao's and Yu's formulas, have been proposed. In this paper, we improve these formulas by using the entropy principle which can quantify the nonrandomness occurrence of patterns in the sequences. More precisely, existing formulas are used to generate a set of possible formulas from which we choose the one that maximizes the entropy. We give the closed-form solution to the resulting optimization problem. Hence, from any given CV formula, we can find the corresponding one that maximizes the entropy. In particular, we show that Hao's formula is itself maximizing the entropy and we derive a new entropy-maximizing formula from Yu's formula. We illustrate the accuracy of our new formula by using both simulated and experimental data sets. For the simulated data sets, our new formula gives the best consensus and significant values for three different kinds of evolution models. For the data set of tetrapod 18S rRNA sequences, our new formula groups the clades of bird and reptile together correctly, where Hao's and Yu's formulas failed. Using real data sets with different sizes, we show that our formula is more accurate than Hao's and Yu's formulas even for small data sets.
Published in:
Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, IEEE/ACM Transactions on (Volume:9, Issue: 1 )


text:
CLARITY Name Menaing, What is CLARITY, name definition, origin of CLARITY name other details ;
- 1 CLARITY Name Meaning
- 2 Origin of CLARITY Name
- 3 Gender of CLARITY
- 4 CLARITY Name Analysis
- 5 CLARITY Name Statistics
- 6 What is the Numerology of CLARITY?
- 7 Characteristics of CLARITY
- 8 Acrostic Poem About CLARITY
- 9 Is there CLARITY name in the Bible/Torah/Quran?
- 10 Famous People Named CLARITY
- 11 Is CLARITY name fit for baby name?
CLARITY Name Meaning
What Does CLARITY Mean and History?


text:
With the release of Solr 7.0 and introduction of new replica types, in addition to the defa?ult NRT type the question appeared – can we control the queries and where they are executed? Can we tell Solr to execute the queries only on the PULL replicas or give TLOG replicas a priority? Let's check that out.
The first control option that we have in SolrCloud is the shards parameter. Using it we can directly control which shards should be used for querying. For example we can provide a logical shard name in our query:
The first of the above queries will be executed only on those shards that are grouped under the logical shard1 name. The second query will be executed on logical shard1, shard2 and shard3, while the third query will be executed on the shards that are deployed on the localhost:6683 node on the test collection
There is also a possibility to do load balancing across instances, for example:
The above query will be executed on instance running on port 6683 or on the one running on port 7783.
While the shards parameter gives us some degree of control where the query should be executed it is not exactly what we would like to have. However to use a certain type of replica we would have to get the data about the physical layout of the shards and this is not something that we would like to do. Because of that the shards.preference parameter has been introduced to Solr. It allows us to tell Solr what type of replicas should have the priority when executing query.
For example, to tell Solr that PULL type replicas should have priority when the query is executed one should add the shards.preference parameter to the query and set it to replica.type:PULL:
The nice thing is that we can tell Solr that first PULL replicas should be used and then if they are not available TLOG replicas should be used:
We can also define that PULL types replicas should be used first and if they are not available local shards should have the priority:
In addition to the above example we can also define priority based on location of the replicas. For example if our 192.168.1.1 Solr node is way more powerful compared to the others and we would like to first prioritize PULL replicas and then the mentioned Solr node we would run the following query:
The discussed parameters and the shards.preference in particular with its replica.type value can be very useful when we are using SolrCloud with different types of replicas. Telling Solr that we would like to prefer PULL or TLOG replicas we can lower the query based pressure on the NRT replicas and thus have better performance of the whole cluster. What's more – dividing the replicas can help us in achieving query performance that is close what Solr master – slave architecture provides without sacrificing all the goodies that come with SolrCloud itself.


In this example we will look at how to use DynamoDB in our serverless app using Serverless Stack (SST). We'll be creating a simple hit counter.
Create an SST app
Let's start by creating an SST app.
$ npx create-serverless-stack@latest rest-api-dynamodb
$ cd rest-api-dynamodb
By default our app will be deployed to an environment (or stage) called dev and the us-east-1 AWS region. This can be changed in the sst.json in your project root.
 "name": "rest-api-dynamodb",
 "stage": "dev",
 "region": "us-east-1"
Project layout
An SST app is made up of two parts.
 1. lib/ — App Infrastructure
 The code that describes the infrastructure of your serverless app is placed in the lib/ directory of your project. SST uses AWS CDK, to create the infrastructure.
 2. src/ — App Code
 The code that's run when your API is invoked is placed in the src/ directory of your project.
Adding DynamoDB
Amazon DynamoDB is a reliable and highly-performant NoSQL database that can be configured as a true serverless database. Meaning that it'll scale up and down automatically. And you won't get charged if you are not using it.
Replace the lib/MyStack.js with the following.
import * as sst from "_USER_-stack/resources";
export default class MyStack extends sst.Stack {
 constructor(scope, id, props) {
 super(scope, id, props);
 // Create the table
 const table = new sst.Table(this, "Counter", {
 fields: {
 counter: sst.TableFieldType.STRING,
 primaryIndex: { partitionKey: "counter" },
This creates a serverless DynamoDB table using sst.Table. It has a primary key called counter. Our table is going to look something like this:
counter tally
hits 123
Setting up the API
Now let's add the API.
Add this below the sst.Table definition in lib/MyStack.js.
// Create the HTTP API
const api = new sst.Api(this, "Api", {
 defaultFunctionProps: {
 // Pass in the table name to our API
 environment: {
 tableName: table.dynamodbTable.tableName,
 routes: {
 "POST /": "src/lambda.main",
// Allow the API to access the table
// Show the API endpoint in the output
 ApiEndpoint: api.url,
Our API simply has one endpoint (the root). When we make a POST request to this endpoint the Lambda function called main in src/lambda.js will get invoked.
We also pass in the name of our DynamoDB table to our API as an environment variable called tableName. And we allow our API to access (read and write) the table instance we just created.
Reading from our table
Now in our function, we'll start by reading from our DynamoDB table.
Replace src/lambda.js with the following.
import AWS from "aws-sdk";
const dynamoDb = new AWS.DynamoDB.DocumentClient();
export async function main() {
 const getParams = {
 // Get the table name from the environment variable
 TableName: process.env.tableName,
 // Get the row where the counter is called "hits"
 Key: {
 counter: "hits",
 const results = await dynamoDb.get(getParams).promise();
 // If there is a row, then get the value of the
 // column called "tally"
 let count = results.Item? results.Item.tally : 0;
 return {
 statusCode: 200,
 body: count,
We make a get call to our DynamoDB table and get the value of a row where the counter column has the value hits. Since, we haven't written to this column yet, we are going to just return 0.
Let's install the aws-sdk.
$ npm install aws-sdk
And let's test what we have so far.
Starting your dev environment
SST features a Live Lambda Development environment that allows you to work on your serverless apps live.
$ npx sst start
The first time you run this command it'll take a couple of minutes to deploy your app and a debug stack to power the Live Lambda Development environment.
 Deploying app
Preparing your SST app
Transpiling source
Linting source
Deploying stacks
dev-rest-api-dynamodb-my-stack: deploying...
 ✅ dev-rest-api-dynamodb-my-stack (no changes)
Stack dev-rest-api-dynamodb-my-stack
 Status: no changes
The ApiEndpoint is the API we just created. Let's test our endpoint. Run the following in your terminal.
$ curl -X POST
You should see a 0 printed out.
Writing to our table
Now let's update our table with the hits.
Add this above the return statement in src/lambda.js.
const putParams = {
 TableName: process.env.tableName,
 Key: {
 counter: "hits",
 // Update the "tally" column
 UpdateExpression: "SET tally = :count",
 ExpressionAttributeValues: {
 // Increase the count
 ":count": ++count,
await dynamoDb.update(putParams).promise();
Here we are updating the hits row's tally column with the increased count.
And now if you head over to your terminal and make a request to our API. You'll notice the count increase!
$ curl -X POST
Deploying to prod
To wrap things up we'll deploy our app to prod.
$ npx sst deploy --stage prod
This allows us to separate our environments, so when we are working in dev, it doesn't break the API for our users.
Cleaning up
Finally, you can remove the resources created in this example using the following commands.
$ npx sst remove
$ npx sst remove --stage prod
And that's it! We've got a completely serverless hit counter. In another example, we'll expand on this to create a CRUD API. Check out the repo below for the code we used in this example. And leave a comment if you have any questions!


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Some background: my coauthors and I are working on a problem which deals with the exponential growth rates of certain infinite products of matrices. One of the sub-problems which arises in this project is to prove that a particular function from the unit interval to the reals, which describes the growth rates of a family of related infinite matrix products, does not have any line segments in its graph. Now, the existence of a line segment would imply the existence of a pair of matrices some of whose characteristics coincide in a precise way. We have found an analytic proof that the graph cannot contain line segments, but it is long and displeasingly ad-hoc, and we would rather like to replace it with a shorter argument! Hence, we have found ourselves wondering whether there is an algebraic obstacle which would prevent these coincidences from occurring.
The question which arises from this research, then, is:
Do there exist matrices $A,B \in SL(2,\mathbb{Z})$ which satisfy the following constraints: the matrices $A$ and $B$ have only positive entries, do not commute, and satisfy $$\rho(AB)=\rho(A)\rho(B),$$ $$\mathbb{Q}\left(\rho(A)\right)=\mathbb{Q}\left(\rho(B)\right) \neq \mathbb{Q},$$ where $\rho$ denotes spectral radius?
The non-existence of such a pair of matrices would imply the non-existence of the line segments mentioned above.
One of my coauthors suspects that the spectral radius constraints on $A$ and $B$ cannot be met unless $A=C^k$, $B=C^\ell$ for some $C \in SL(2,\mathbb{Z})$ and $k,\ell \in \mathbb{N}$, which would contradict the hypothesis that $A$ and $B$ do not commute. Any solutions which end up being used in our paper will of course be gratefully acknowledged!
share|improve this question
Some thoughts. I believe the second condition requires that tr A = tr C^k and tr B = tr C^l for some C in SL(2, Z). If we then write A = C^k + X, B = C^l + Y where X, Y are traceless, the first condition is equivalent to the statement that X C^l + C^k Y + XY has trace zero. I think I can show this is impossible if X = 0. – Qiaochu Yuan Jun 8 '10 at 16:00
Ian Agol's answer has been incorporated into the article "On a Devil's staircase associated to the joint spectral radii of a family of pairs of matrices" which will be published in Journal of the European Mathematical Society in late 2012. – Ian Morris Dec 14 '11 at 11:06
1 Answer 1
up vote 9 down vote accepted
This is true: if one has two matrices $A, B \in SL_2 C$, and one knows the three traces $tr(A),tr(B),tr(AB)$, then this uniquely determines the matrices $A,B$ up to conjugacy if $A$ and $B$ generate a non-elementary discrete group (except in a few degenerate cases which won't occur for positive matrices). See for example Maclachlan-Reid. Since $tr(X) = \rho(X)+\rho(X)^{-1}$ for a positive matrix $X$, this implies that the three matrices have the same traces as two commuting matrices with the same traces, and therefore $A,B$ must be conjugate to a pair of commuting matrices. In fact, as your coauthor suspects, then they must be powers of the same matrix.
Addendum: I'll give some details of the argument, and I forgot a condition ($A$ and $B$ might generate a solvable group otherwise, although this is not possible for discrete groups).
Assume that $A, B \in SL_2 Z$. We want to show that $tr(A),tr(B),tr(AB)$ uniquely determine $A$ and $B$ up to conjugacy in $SL_2 C$.
Since $A$ is a positive matrix in $SL_2 Z$, we may conjugate it in $SL_2 R$ to be of the form $$ A=\begin{pmatrix} \lambda & 0 \\\ 0 & \lambda^{-1} \end{pmatrix} $$ where $\lambda >1$ (because $tr(A)>2$). We conjugate $B$ by the same matrix, and relabel so that $$ B=\begin{pmatrix} a & b \\\ c & d \end{pmatrix}. $$
If $A$ and $B$ commute, then we check that $b=c=0$, so in particular $ad=1$. Conversely, if $ad=1$, then we conclude that $bc=0$, and therefore $b=c=0$ since $A,B$ cannot generate a noncommutative solvable group since $SL_2 Z$ is discrete (see below).
From now on, let's assume that $A$ and $B$ don't commute.
The centralizer of $A$ in $SL_2 C$ consist of matrices of the form $$ \begin{pmatrix} z & 0 \\\ 0 & z^{-1} \end{pmatrix}. $$
We may conjugate $B$ by the centralizer of $A$ to be of the form $$ B=\begin{pmatrix} a & 1 \\\ ad-1 & d \end{pmatrix}. $$ Here I'm making use of the fact that $A,B$ are conjugate into $SL_2 Z$ to conclude that they don't generate a solvable group. This follows from the Margulis lemma (or an easy exercise). If $B$ had off-diagonal entries which were zero, then $\langle A, B\rangle$ would be solvable. The point is that then we may conjugate by elements of the centralizer of $A$ in $SL_2 C$ to arrange the upper right entry to be 1.
Thus, we have $$tr(A)=\lambda+\lambda^{-1}, tr(B)=a+d, tr(AB)=\lambda a +\lambda^{-1} d.$$
Now we compute $$a= \frac{\lambda tr(AB)-tr(B)}{\lambda^2-1}, d= \frac{\lambda^{-1} tr(AB)-tr(B)}{\lambda^{-2}-1}.$$
Thus, $tr(A), tr(B), tr(AB)$ canonically determine $A,B$ up to conjugacy (of course $\lambda$ is uniquely determined by $tr(A)$ given $\lambda >1$).
Now, we need to check that $\rho(AB) \neq \rho(A)\rho(B)$, where $\rho(A)=\lambda, \rho(B)=\mu$. If not, $tr(AB)=\lambda\mu +(\lambda\mu)^{-1}$ (again since $AB$ is positive). Plugging into the above equations, we conclude that $a=\mu, d=\mu^{-1}$, a contradiction.
I'm sure this argument can be simplified, but I wanted to carry through the sketch of the argument I gave the first go around.
Also, one may see that any subgroup of commuting matrices in $SL_2 Z$ is either powers of a parabolic element, a hyperbolic element, or a finite-order element.
share|improve this answer
Thanks! Could you provide a reference for the general result which you use here (or a name or keyword, so I can look it up myself)? – Ian Morris Jun 8 '10 at 17:00
I think the statement is false in SL_2(C); in the setup in my comment above one can take k = l = 1, C = [[2 3][3 5]], X = 0, and Y = [[b+c b][c -b-c]] where b^2+3bc+c^2 = 0. – Qiaochu Yuan Jun 8 '10 at 17:42
_USER_: Did you check that your pairs of matrices are nonconjugate? Remember, there is a 1-parameter family of matrices commuting with C. I think you've found a parametrization of the matrices obtained by conjugating B by this family (although I didn't check your formulae). – Ian Agol Jun 9 '10 at 23:25
Qiaochu's examples don't commute. Also, he might as well take the square root of C, [[1,1][1,2]]. – Ben Wieland Jun 10 '10 at 0:33
Agol: thank you for this excellent and very useful extended answer! – Ian Morris Jun 11 '10 at 12:33
Your Answer


text:
Congratulations to Sandra M. Lima Rocha Teixeira Neves and Richard Baker McElroy, the two students who were chosen as the 2018-19 Rovelstad scholarship recipients. They were selected among an impressive field of library and information science students.
Students who had completed at least 6 credits in the Master's in Library and Information Science program by the end of the spring semester of 2019 were eligible to apply. Each applicant submitted a statement of achievements, career interests, and goals in less than 750 words; along with a detailed curriculum vitae which included their volunteer activities, association memberships, attendance at professional conferences and workshops, and similar activities. They also provided two references.
Finalists for the scholarship were interviewed by the committee, which based its decision on the following:
- Academic achievement in the program
- Demonstrated commitment to the profession as evidenced in course work, personal statement, curriculum vitae, and letters of recommendation
- Potential for success as evidenced in all application documents
- Indication of financial need
Rovelstad Scholarship Committee
Dr. Jane Zhang, Chair
Dr. Renate Chancellor
Dr. Deanna Marcum


text:
While the cylinder label is the primary means of identifying the properties of the gas in a cylinder, the colour coding of the cylinder itself, can often time provide a further guide.
Cylinder Shoulder - European Standard Color Coding
The color applied to the shoulder, or curved part, at the top of the cylinder signifies the European standard color coding that has recently come into force. The aim of the standard (EN 1089-3), which has replaced the old cylinder colour scheme (BS349), is to help improve safety standards within the gases industry.
A number of gases have been assigned a specific colour and some of these are shown below:
Cylinder Body - BOC Colour Coding
The colour of the body of the cylinder may differ for the same gas among different gas companies. The BOC cylinder body colours are displayed below:
- Variation in monitor colour settings may impact colours displayed.
- Cylinder colors are a guide ONLY. Labels MUST be used as the primary means of identification cylinder content.
- For more detail on cylinder identification, colour coding and labelling standards under the new European cylinder color coding system, visit the British Compressed Gases Association website.


text:
Louis Vuitton Boston Outlet
Cut out the cone and cut slits in towards the seam between each of the scallops, as shown in Figure A. Sew a seam across the ribbon, inside the fold on each side, parallel to the sides of the doll, as in Figure C. That way, if you accidentally swerve away from the ruler when cutting, the piece under the ruler will be "safe. Louis Vuitton Boston Outlet. Sew a scam across at the bottom, holding all the layers together, as shown in Figure A. Sew together one red print triangle and one light print triangle to make a triangle-square (see Diagram 1). The slipper is of double thickness and has a fold line as indicated in the pattern; there is no difference between the left and right foot. Louis Vuitton Boston Outlet.


Google Geocoding API error: The request was denied.
Iron sculpture Struktur
by Reinhard Scherer
This extraordinarily unique sculpture, made of iron, was created by Reinhard Scherer in 1990. It is located on the campus of the University of Stuttgart in Vaihingen.
Reinhard Scherer shows his distinctive understanding of space and dimensions in this work, and thereby, illustrates the possibilities related to these elements. He conceptualized his construction with the objective of encouraging dialog between his work and the surrounding landscape.
Through Struktur, Scherer plays with his artistic sensibilities for flat planes and lines with the understanding that the 17-meter high sculpture would seemingly move flexibly and elegantly in the air.
Scherer was born in 1948 in Wangen in Allgäu and first began to develop his career in the arts during his studies at the Freien Kunstschule in Stuttgart. Later, he went on to study sculpture at the Akademie der Bildenden Künste in Stuttgart. Scherer has participated in various national and international competitions and has won several scholarships.
He is a member of the regional artist league, Künstlerbund-Baden-Württemberg. Since 1990, he has been living and working as a freelance sculptor in Alfdorf-Pfahlbronn.
Universitätsstraße 34
70569 Stuttgart


This section is empty.
This section is empty.
func Delete
func Delete(path string)
Delete the file at the given path.
To avoid panics, you should check if the file exists.
func FileExists
func FileExists(file string) bool
FileExists returns true if the file at the given path exists and is readable. Returns false if the given file is a directory.
func GetFileExtension
func GetFileExtension(file string) string
GetFileExtension returns the last part of a file name. If the file doesn't have an extension, returns an empty string.
func GetMIMEType
func GetMIMEType(file string) (string, int64)
GetMIMEType get the mime type and size of the given file.
If the file cannot be opened, panics. You should check if the file exists, using "filesystem.FileExists()"", before calling this function.
func IsDirectory
func IsDirectory(path string) bool
IsDirectory returns true if the file at the given path exists, is a directory and is readable.
type File
type File struct {
 Header *multipart.FileHeader
 MIMEType string
 Data multipart.File
File represents a file received from client.
func ParseMultipartFiles
func ParseMultipartFiles(request *http.Request, field string) []File
ParseMultipartFiles parse a single file field in a request.
func (*File) Save
func (file *File) Save(path string, name string) string
Save writes the given file on the disk. Appends a timestamp to the given file name to avoid duplicate file names. The file is not readable anymore once saved as its FileReader has already been closed.
Creates directories if needed.
Returns the actual file name.


text:
Exhibit: Walls that Speak: The Murals of Colorado
The exhibition, featuring murals from Denver Public Library's Western History Collection, will illustrate how Colorado's murals and muralists tell the state's history in a vibrant and compelling way. The murals displayed in Walls that Speak span the City Beautiful movement, the development of the Broadmoor Art Academy and subsequent Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center, the Works Progress Administration era, the Chicano movement, and contemporary muralists.
The exhibition was made possible by collaboration between the Denver Public Library, curators Deborah Wadsworth and Megan Kemper, and book authors Georgia Garnsey and Mary Motian-Meadows. Other contributing institutions are the Kirkland Museum of Fine and Decorative Art, Denver, the Bailey Library and Archives of the Denver Museum of Nature and Science, and individual collectors.


text:
The Battle River Watershed
The Battle River Watershed is a large area of land covering most of east-central Alberta that drains into the Battle River. The Battle River itself is a modest prairie-fed (as opposed to glacier-fed) river. There is increasing pressure on the Battle River's water supply.
A watershed (or basin) is the area of land that catches snow and rain and drains it to a larger body of water, such as a marsh, lake, stream or river. Topography defines the entire watershed, as it shapes the course and speed of water moving through the area.
The Battle Watershed covers approximately 30,000 square kilometres (17,667 square miles). 83% of this area is within Alberta; the remainder is in Saskatchewan.
Read our Frequently Asked Questions to learn more about the watershed!
There are seven major river basins (watersheds) in Alberta: the Peace/Slave, Athabasca, Hay, North Saskatchewan, South Saskatchewan, Beaver and Milk.
The Battle River Watershed is a sub-basin of the North Saskatchewan Watershed.
The North Saskatchewan River Basin covers about 80,000 square km of the province. Major centers within the basin include Rocky Mountain House, Edmonton, and Fort Saskatchewan. The basin begins in the icefields of Banff and Jasper National Parks and generally flows in an easterly direction towards the Alberta-Saskatchewan border. The Brazeau, Nordegg, Ram, Clearwater, Sturgeon and Vermillion Rivers all flow into the North Saskatchewan River. The Battle River also forms part of the basin and joins with the North Saskatchewan River at North Battleford, Saskatchewan.
For more information click here.


Difference between revisions of "Food"
From RimWorld Wiki
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==Version History==
==Version History==
*[[Version/0.8.657|0.8.657]] - Now spoils without refrigeration
* [[Version/0.9.722|0.9.722]] - Food poisioning added. [[Skills#Cooking|Bad cooks]] are more likely to accidentally poison meals.
Latest revision as of 04:52, 25 November 2020
Basics Menus Game Creation Gameplay Pawns Plants Resources Gear Mods
Resources Menu Crafted Resources Exotic Items Food Medical Items Materials Textiles
Food is the basic source of nutrition to both humans and animals. Lack of it leads to hunger which can be tracked by a pawn's food meter known as saturation and a long excessive deprivation leads to starvation.
For a more in-depth guide to farming and producing food, see Food production.
Raw Food
For a list of raw food items, see Raw food.
Food found in its natural stage is raw, fruits can be consumed without cooking but vegetables and meat will taste better for the colonist when prepared. Raws can still be consumed without being heated but causes the Ate raw food thought with a -7 mood penalty. Eating raw food restores 0.05 saturation each. Foods cooked at an electric stove, fueled stove or campfire turn into meals, later on it can be processed at the nutrient paste dispenser as well.
Raw food can be obtained from a variety of sources:
As of Alpha 15 (August 28st, 2016), there is a message telling you when food has spoiled.
Food will be wasted if left unattended (except for beer) by two factors: exposure and high temperature.
 - Storage in temperature above 0°C will spoil over time as well, though temperatures below 10°C will slow down spoiling. A freezer room can be created by placing at least enough Coolers in proportion to its size, the bigger the storage the more coolers required. In the early game, this can pose a threat if located on warm biomes.
Note that freezing temperatures alone does not prevent deterioration of food. For example: a raider is killed and drops his/her fine meal outdoors. That meal will still decay from exposure.
Once spoiled, food will vanish and can never be recovered. However, food can be eaten at any stage before spoiling with no visible mood effect.
Food deterioration rates
Food item Deterioration rate (per day)
MeatBig.png Raw meat 6
Potatoes.png Raw fruit/vegetables 6
Beer.png Beer 0
Packaged Survival Meal.png Packaged survival meal 0.25
Pemmican.png Pemmican 2
Nutrient paste meal.png Nutrient paste meal 10
Simple meal.png Simple meal 10
Fine meal.png Fine meal 10
Lavish meal.png Lavish meal 10
Eggs.png Eggs 2
Hay.png Hay 6
Kibble.png Kibble 6
Insect jelly.png Insect jelly 6
Version History
 - 0.8.657 - Now spoils without refrigeration
 - 0.9.722 - Food poisioning added. Bad cooks are more likely to accidentally poison meals.


text:
Using the Pulsar® APX Oil
1. Screw in any 510 threaded cartridge using a clockwise motion until it locks into place (do not over-tighten).
2. Turn the unit on by pressing the button rapidly 5 times.
3. Press the fire button 3 times quickly to cycle through preset voltages. Desired voltage level is set when LED stops flashing.
4. To prime cartridge, press fire button 2 times to activate preheat mode. Display will pulsate under previously set voltage for 20 seconds.
5. After pulsing LED stops, the APX Oil is ready for use.
6. Hold power button and inhale to receive preferred amount of vapor.
7. Turn the unit off by pressing the button rapidly 5 times.


Economic Value | NBWA: America's Beer Distributors
Independent distributors provide significant economic value to the communities they serve.
Distributors deliver direct economic benefit through quality local jobs, local business-to-business commerce, local investments and local tax revenue.
Distributors contribute indirect economic benefit by providing services that improve efficiency, choice and profits for trading partners, fair prices and broad product selection for consumers.
How Do Independent Beer Distributors Provide Economic Value?
1. Distributors provide excellent jobs and benefits. Distributors provide more than 130,000 quality full-time jobs and benefits, as well as thousands of additional part-time and seasonal jobs.
2. Distributors provide logistics and supply expertise. Distributors provide logistics and expertise that optimizes efficiency for trading partners, especially small brewers and retailers. Distributors also work to reduce the consumption of natural resources and use sustainable solutions whenever possible.
3. Distributors make significant investments in local infrastructure and capital assets. Distributors' investments in warehousing, equipment and other capital intensive services provide a sustained multiplier effect and stimulus for the local economy (business income, income taxes, property taxes, excise taxes and fees, consumer spending, etc.).
4. Distributors ensure economic balance in the marketplace. Distributors are critical to maintaining an economic balance, as well as a regulatory balance, among the three tiers (brewers and importers; distributors; and retailers). Balance among the tiers ensures that the business income produced by the community remains in the community in the form of jobs, investment, commerce, philanthropic activity and support of state and local governments.
5. Distributors are community leaders and philanthropists. Distributors provide leadership and financial support for local community, civic and philanthropic initiatives. Distributors support local and national charities, invest in educational programs and promote social responsibility programs for the benefit of their communities.
Download PDF


text:
Roman bronze stylus filigree I
(Unit Price: 18,90 ¤ per pcs.)
Roman bronze stylus
The stylus 'Stilus' is a massive, cool writing tool from polished bronze. This is an antique writing utensil for writing on wax tablets, crafted in very noble fashion, made by applying the lost wax technique. The pointed end serves for writing letters or numbers. The flattened end is an eraser tool to smooth out the carved writing.
This bronze stylus is made very complex, using the traditional technology of the 'lost mould'. An individual wax model is here provided for each stylus, embedded in a mould of gypsum. The mould is heated, so that during casting the now liquid wax can run out. The metal is heated and cast into the hollow cavity of the gypsum mould. Then the mould is smashed and the unfinished casting is cleaned. Finally, the moulding blank is ground and polished glossy!
The stylus was used as a writing tool till the 1960s to inscribe slate and wax tablets. The shape of the stylus was most of the time round or angular, it was made of iron, bronze, bone or sometimes of silver. The point of the stylus pressed into the wax to write. The other end, shaped like a scoop, helped to correct errors. By smoothing out the wax surface, the tablets could be reused for writing. Some Roman styluses look like busts of the goddess, Minerva, because in the Roman age she was considered the guardian goddess of teachers and writers.
What an unusual 'notepad' and a noble writing tool!
- stylus length 4 inch (10cm)


As a pronoun
When all is used as a pronoun to mean everything, it is translated by todo:
 - is that all? =?eso es todo?
 - all was well = todo estaba bien
When all is followed by a that clause, all that is translated by todo lo que:
 - after all (that) we've done = después de todo lo que hemos hecho
 - that was all (that) he said = eso es todo lo que dijo
When all is used to refer to a specified group of people or objects, the translation reflects the number and gender of the people or objects referred to: todos is used for a group of people or objects of masculine or mixed gender, and todas for a group of feminine gender:
 - we were all delighted = estábamos todos contentísimos
 - where are the cups? – they're all in the kitchen =?dónde están las tazas? – están todas en la cocina
As an adjective
When all is used as an adjective, the translation, todo, reflects the number and gender of the noun which it modifies:
 - all the money = todo el dinero
 - all the beer = toda la cerveza
 - all the men/women = todos los hombres/todas las mujeres
When all as an adjective has the sense of any or every, it can be translated by todo in the singular:
 - all good teachers know it = todo buen profesor lo sabe or todos los buenos profesores lo saben
 - all kinds o sorts of cars = todo tipo de coche or todos los tipos de coche
As an adverb
As an adverb meaning completely, all is generally translated either by the adverb completamente or by the pronoun todo. If the translation is todo, it reflects the number and gender of the adjective:
 - it's all wet = está todo mojado
 - she was dressed all in black = iba toda vestida de negro
For more examples and particular usages, see the entries for all
See more from Grammar Notes


About CRDS
CRDS is the radical shift Death Studies needs and thereby serves as a source of knowledge for how death practitioners, death care professionals, students and scholars alike can all better understand deathways of people of color and marginalized groups.
Who Are We? We are a collective of Scholars, Funeral Directors, Death Work Practitioners, Activists, and Students of Death Studies who view death work as synonymous with anti-racism work, synonymous with actively dismantling oppression, and as a way to validate cultural and social life among marginalized groups. We are working to achieve the goals of decolonizing death studies in theory and in practice from a variety of angles.
What Is Our Mission? Our mission is to interrogate the field of Death Studies to decolonize and de-center whiteness while calling to radicalize death practices, all in theory and in practice from a variety of angles, i.e. our research, writing, community work, and professional careers.
What Are Our Goals?
 1. To create a Radical Death Canon that can be adapted as a tool by death educators, death scholars, death practitioners, and all those interested in understanding death, dying, and the rituals of care provided from a decolonized perspective.
 2. To increase diversity in death scholarship and conversations–beyond class analysis
 3. Working to analyze how death, mourning, burial, and death investigations have changed over time along the lines of race, class, gender, ability/disability, sexuality
 4. To serve as a resource for a discerned understanding of the end-of-life experience and rituals around death for marginalized people and their communities
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DevFaqDynamicSystemFilesystem - NetBeans Wiki
Can I dynamically change the contents of the System Filesystem at runtime?
Yes. This technique is commonly used in platform applications which require the user to log in, to keep menu contents/toolbar actions/keyboard shortcuts/window definitions hidden until the user is authenticated.
There are two ways to do it. The most obvious way is to programmatically write files to disk at runtime (call FileUtil.getConfigRoot().createFolder(), etc.). This technique is appropriate if you are creating files which should be preserved across restarts (for example, adding folders to the Favorites window). It is completely inappropriate in the case of authentication, or any other case where you do not want the added files to be present after restart. You cannot depend on the application always being shut down normally and having a chance to clean such files up - since they are actually written to disk.
Using Dynamically Added Layers
The alternative is quite simple: Write a subclass of MultiFileSystem. Put it in the default lookup.
At runtime, when you want to add contents to the system filesystem, simply add additional filesystems to your MultiFileSystem. To remove the contents, simply remove those filesystems.
A convenient way to do this is to use XMLFileSystem - this is a filesystem created with exactly the same syntax as normal module XML layer files (see DevFaqModulesLayerFile). The following code loads an XML filesystem, which is in an XML file in the same package as the class, called dynamicContent.xml:
public class DynamicLayerContent extends MultiFileSystem {
 private static DynamicLayerContent INSTANCE;
 public DynamicLayerContent() {
 // will be created on startup, exactly once
 INSTANCE = this;
 setPropagateMasks(true); // permit *_hidden masks to be used
 static boolean hasContent() {
 return INSTANCE.getDelegates().length > 0;
 static void enable() {
 if (!hasContent()) {
 try {
 INSTANCE.setDelegates(new XMLFileSystem(
 } catch (SAXException ex) {
 static void disable() {
In NetBeans 7.2 and later, the above code can be simplified by using Repository.LayerProvider. See its Javadoc for a usage example.
If finer grained control of what is added is needed at runtime, there are two possibilities, using this general approach:
 - If the new layer contents are fixed and known, but perhaps correspond to user roles which may be overlaid together, split up the functionality for each role into a separate XML file (hint: define an enum of roles, where each role can point to an XML file URL, use EnumSet.of() and process that to decide what to enable)
 - Write contents programmatically, but write folders/files to an in-memory filesystem created using FileUtil.createMemoryFileSystem() so the contents disappear on VM exit
_URL_ tries to automate this kind of task.
Not logged in. Log in, Register


What Happens To A Person When He Transcends The Machsom?
Laitman_032_01Question: What happens to a person when he transcends the Machsom (barrier)? Does he enter a new dimension?
Answer: Yes, a person exits his egoistic intentions and enters altruistic intentions, which enables him to feel what is external to him, outside of his natural perception.
Question: What actually happens to a person?
Answer: It is the revelation of a new dimension in new attributes of love and bestowal that are above human nature that a person acquires by his efforts to connect to the friends who study the wisdom of Kabbalah with him in a group. The change that takes place in a person is actually a person's spiritual birth and the attainment of the soul.
Related Material:
In Neutral Gear
The Machsom Is A Psychological Barrier
Machsom Is A Psychological Barrier
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text:
How to correct a transaction in an open batch or no batch
These instructions are applicable if: you have contributions in an open batch or that are not in a batch and they were posted with an error in one of the following: amount, donor, envelope number, date.
These instructions are not applicable if:
- The batch has already been closed. In that case, these instructions are appropriate
- The contribution is associated with a fund whose end date has transpired
- You are not authorized to edit contribution records
- View and Add/Edit access rights are required
- Access to the associated fund is required
- If applicable, select the desired organization from the Organization list.
- Click Contribution List in the Offering Module.
- Use the column heading filters to help locate the contribution you want to correct (see image below).
- For example, to locate the contribution by an envelope number, type the envelope number in the Env # heading filter field
- The search returns both broad and exact matches for the value entered. If you enter envelope #11, the search will return contributions posted for envelope numbers 1125, 110, 211, etc. (anything containing a 10).
Select the checkbox to the left of the contribution record you want to change. Then click the edit icon in the toolbar. The edit Contribution window is displayed.
In the Amount field, type the correct contribution amount. Only the information under the Contribution Record heading may be updated here.
In the Reason field, supply the reason for the change.
- Click Save, then Close to exit.


text:
- Plesk for Linux
When creating a directory via Plesk File Manager, the operation fails with:
PLESK_ERROR: Error occurred during /bin/mkdir command
PLESK_ERROR: filemng failed: filemng: Error occurred during /bin/cp command.
The following error appears in
CONFIG_TEXT: Disk quota exceeded
- On creating a file with Plesk File Manager, the following error is shown:
CONFIG_TEXT: Unable to create /httpdocs/file.html: Failed to copy files storage to destination path. stderr: filemng: Cannot open destination file '/var/www/vhosts/example.com/httpdocs/file.html.l3J8rf' System error 122: Disk quota exceeded stdout: filemng: Cannot open destination file '/var/www/vhosts/example.com/httpdocs/plesktest.html.l3J8rf' System error 122: Disk quota exceeded
Hard disk quota of the subscription's system user has been reached.
Go to Domains > example.com > Web Hosting Access.
Increase the value of hard disk quota in the Hard quota on disk space section.
Apply the changes.


13.3 Viewing a List of Software RAID Devices on a Server
Use the Software RAIDs task in the iManager Storage plug-in to create and manage your software RAID devices.
 1. In iManager, click Storage > Software RAIDs.
 2. Select a server in the Novell eDirectory tree where you are logged in.
 A list of software RAID devices appears in the Software RAIDs list. Depending on the number of devices, this can take a few seconds. Avoid clicking again in the page until it refreshes and displays the Software RAIDs list.
 3. Select a RAID device from the Software RAIDs list to view its details.
 For an overview of the subtasks available from this page, see Software RAIDs.


Read My Meter
Your PSNC Energy gas meter measures the amount of natural gas you use each month. Though they vary in size and shape, gas meters record usage by tracking the filling and emptying of the compartments inside the meter.
If you would like to track your usage over time, you can record your readings using our meter reading tracking table (PDF,14KB). But first, it will be helpful to understand how to read your meter. Doing so is easy. Just follow the steps below.
How to Read a Meter
The dials that record the amount of gas used are grouped together in a row of four or five on your gas meter. Each represents a single number in the reading. Here's how to read the meter dials on the meter at your home:
 1. Read the meter dials right to left, writing down the numbers in the same order (right to left).
 2. If the hand points between two numbers, use the lower number. When it points between 9 and 0, always read it as 9.
 3. When a dial pointer appears to be exactly on a number, look back at the dial to the right. If the pointer on that dial has not passed zero, the reading on the dial in question is the lower number.
Reading a Sample Meter
Sample meter
 - Dial A - The hand is in between the 9 and the 0, when the hand is in between two numbers, use the lower number. Dial A's number is 9. (this dial goes clockwise.)
 - Dial B - The hand is between the 2 and the 3, so this dial should be read as 2. (this dial goes counterclockwise.)
 - Dial C - The hand is between the 4 and the 5, so this dial should be read as 4. (this dial goes clockwise.)
 - Dial D - The hand is between the 5 and the 6, so this dial should be read as 5. (this dial goes counterclockwise.)
The correct reading for the sample meter is 5429. This means 5429 hundred cubic feet (CCF) of gas or 542,900 cubic feet.
Is Your Meter Accessible?
Even with Automated Meter Reading technology, PSNC Energy field representatives on occasion will need to manually read your gas meter. To provide the best service, make sure we can reach and read your meter.
 - Keep shrubs trimmed; don't block the meter.
 - Secure your animals if you know there is an appointment scheduled for PSNC Energy to visit your meter.
 - Unlock gates that allow meter access.
 - Never tamper with the meter or paint over the read dials
 - Do not chain or electrically ground anything to the meter.
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Form title - EditArea
Form title
After the creation of a contact form you can give a title to it.
To do this you have to:
 1. enter the block you've inserted the form into
 2. insert a hidden field in the block
 3. give it formTitle as its name
 4. as value, enter the title you desire
click on OK to accept the changes.


text: The rain sensor activates the windshield wipers automatically when rain or other moisture appears on the windshield, and adapts the wiper interval to match the amount of rain. How it works: light-emitting diodes inside the rain sensor emit an invisible infrared light which is reflected by the outside surface of the windscreen and measured by photodiodes. If the full amount of light returns to the photodiode, the windshield is dry. A film of water or drops on the windscreen break up the light emitted. As the measuring process is permanent, the electronics can control the wiper intervals perfectly.


A No-Fuss Method for Cooking Almost Any Whole Grain
I don't bother with carefully measuring water or fiddling around with getting just the right flame when I cook whole grains on the stove. Instead, I cook pretty much every type of grain using the same no-fuss method — with great results every time.
Basically, I use the same method for cooking whole grains that I use for cooking pasta: I simmer the grains in a good amount of salted water until they are the right texture, and then drain them. Some grains like quinoa benefit from a 10-minute rest in the covered pot after draining, which gives a better texture, but for most of the other grains I use on a regular basis, such as barley, wheat berries, or farro, this isn't necessary.
Brown rice is the only whole grain I don't use this method for, as I prefer the texture when it is cooked in the traditional way, but it can done. In fact, Saveur uses it in their recipe for Perfect Brown Rice.
A couple hints when using this method:
- When cooking quinoa, watch for the point when most of the grains have little spirals (the germ) curling around them. That's when it's done cooking. Drain it, put it back in the pot off the heat and cover it for 10 minutes, then fluff with a fork and serve.
- For all other grains, periodically taste as they cook and drain them once they are cooked through and soft.
- Very hard grains like wheat berries will need 45 minutes or more of simmering, so add water if too much boils off during cooking.
- As with pasta, generously salt the water. You can also add bay leaf, herb sprigs, garlic cloves or other aromatics that can be easily removed once the grains are cooked through.
Have you ever tried this method? How do you cook whole grains?
Related: How To Cook Brown Rice
(Image: Joe Belanger/Shutterstock)


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Dressing Up Trolleys
Dressing up trolleys are essential in an early years setting. They are perfect for hanging role play clothes or even art aprons and coveralls. Without one children are likely to throw their discarded clothes on the floor. And that does not promote good and tidy housekeeping habits in children.
Children throw themselves into dressing up because it is fun and engaging. Learning to dress up and engage in role play is something they can do on their own or with a friend. Communicating with each other is key and getting encouragement from peers is also inspiring.
It is important children are allowed to express themselves through role play because it encourages creativity and imagination. Are they going to be a princess? Or are they going to be a knight in shining armour? Perhaps they may be a ballerina or a football player? Whilst it is important children have an outlet for their creativity, likewise they need somewhere that clearly defines the imaginative area.
And don't forget the humble Dressing Up Trolley offers more than a place to hang clothes and aprons. For example, many designs come with useful storage and trays. Always handy in a busy early years environment. And the wire mobile cloakroom storage trolley remains a firm favourite with its storage tray and coat hooks.
So dressing up trolleys definitely keep clothes neat and tidy. Yet they denote the area for role play and imaginative play as well.
A reminder of the key benefits:
- inspire creativity and imagination
- provide useful hanging and storage space
- allow dressing up clothes to be kept neat and tidy
- define a specific area within the classroom


text:
Tonbridge is a market town in the English county of Kent and has a population of approximately 30,340.
It is located on the River Medway, about four miles north of Tunbridge Wells, 12 miles south west of Maidstone and 25 miles south east of London.
The history of Tonbridge goes back thousands of years to a time when there were no cars, buses and trains and the area consisted of only a few wooden huts.
The following pages will take you on a journey through Tonbridge's past to the thriving town it is today.
These pages have been written for our students to help them with their local history study. (Activity Sheet)


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I've been working on this for a while. This code:
Log.i(TAG, "stroke style: " + paint.getStyle());
Log.i(TAG, "stroke cap: " + paint.getStrokeCap());
canvas.drawPoint(p.x, p.y, paint);
prints 'STROKE' and 'ROUND' to the logs, but draws a black SQUARE to the map! Anyone know what I need to be doing differently to produce a dot instead of a square!?
EDIT I'm going to give the below suggestion(s) of using drawCircle a shot, but I was just confused I guess because everything I've read indicates you should be able to indicate you want a circle that way. One example being this google book entry
share|improve this question
I think cap options are for Paths and not for Shapes. – S.D. Feb 25 '13 at 18:46
3 Answers 3
up vote 0 down vote accepted
you can try drawCircle() with p.x and p.y as center (first and second argument) and use 1 or 2 as radius depend on how big you want the dot to be and use the paint with stroke style FILL..
share|improve this answer
Try to use drawCircle instead
circlePaint.setColor(0xFFFF0000); //opaque red
float radius = 10f; //10 pixels
canvas.drawCircle(p.x, p,y, radius, circlePaint);
share|improve this answer
It draws correctly if you draw to a canvas backed by a bitmap. It doesn't seem to draw correctly if you draw directly to the screen (i.e. a canvas passed to a View's onDraw() method). Another way of getting around the problem is, therefore, to first render to a bitmap and then draw that to the screen.
share|improve this answer
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osCommerce 2.2RC2a. All the prices show 0.
The issue could be caused by the incorrect procedure or adding/removing currencies in osCommerce 2.2RC2a. To resolve it please do the following:
1. Go to administration panel and click 'Localization'->'Currencies'.
2. Then add a new currency with the following settings:
Name: 'US Dollar';
Code: USD;
Symbol Left: $
Symbol Right:
Decimal Point:.
Thousands Point: '
Decimal Places: 2
Value: 1.00000000
3. Make it default and click Update currencies.
4. Then select your new currency and make it default. Update currencies.
5. Now you are free to remove the 'US Dollar' currency.


How To Avoid Negative Marking In Bank
How To Avoid Negative Marking In Bank Exams [Important Tips]
In this article, we shall discuss and provide some tips to minimize and avoid negative marking in bank exams.
Nowadays almost every competitive bank exam has a system of negative marking in bank exams.
Every candidate has a common question that if there is negative marking in the bank exams then how to minimize it or avoid it.
Negative marking deducted the marks you got from the right question which ultimately impacts your selection in the bank exam.
One wrong answer to the question is equal to 0.25 marks and if candidates give 4 wrong answers then a total 1 mark is deducted from your total marks. This negative marks impacts a candidate very much and many time it decided your selection in the bank exam.
Many candidates loose lot of marks due to this negative marking pattern in bank competitive examinations. Candidates study and practice in such a way that they either minimize or avoid negative marking.
Hence, candidates must improve their accuracy so that they can avoid negative marking in bank exams.
Top Tips to Avoid & Minimize Negative Marks in Bank Exams
The followings are important tips to minimize negative marking in the bank exam.
1. Do not answer questions which you are unsure of:
Candidate must quickly answer all those questions which they are fully confident to solve and then try to solve questions which they left due to low confidence.
If candidates solve easy questions speedily and they will have some time to review unanswered questions.
Candidates can chance of negative marking if they leave the questions which they are not sure but leaving too many questions will hamper their chance of cracking bank exams.
Leaving too many questions unanswered will impact more on your overall marks.
2. Do not guess answer randomly
If a candidate does not know the right answer to the question then he/she should not answer with random guesses.
The blindly answering with random guess will impact their final marks. They must answer the question for which they are 100% confident and sure. This way you can minimize negative marking in bank exam.
3. Carefully read questions
Some time due to overconfidence or getting the easy question, they quickly answer and mark it without reading the question carefully. The candidate may mark the wrong answer due to overconfidence and which will result in getting negative marking.
Hence, it is advised to all candidates to read all questions very carefully and then answer.
4. Attempt easy question first
When candidates are preparing for the exam, they must identify their strength area and weak area.
Once you identify your strength area then you must attempt your strength section first so that you finish quickly major area and in the remaining time you give to tough and unanswered questions.
Attempting easy and your strength area question will boost your confidence which will help in solving tough questions.
5. Go through mock tests and previous year's bank exam question papers
Understanding bank exam pattern is a must requirement to get selected for bank exam.
Apart from general exam paper, you must attempt mock-test and previous year paper to understand frequently asked and important sections.
While solving mock paper and previous year paper, you will come to know your weak area and accordingly you can focus on these weak areas. This will help you in minimizing mistakes and can track your performance.
6. Note down important points
Candidate should start making important point note from day one of bank exam preparations. Candidates can make proper notes of important shortcuts and tricks which will help them in memorizing for a long time.
These notes will also help candidates in quick revision just before the examination and minimizing negative marks as you cannot read entire books at the last minute.
7. Refer to an online resource or take the help of a coaching institute.
Apart from reading books at home, you can also take the help of online resources and coaching centers.
The coaching centers have expert teachers who have to help you with learning shortcuts and tricks. The shortcuts and tricks will be helpful in minimizing your negative marking in the bank exam.
8. Calculate the risk of negative marking
As discussed earlier, candidates must attempt the question for which they are sure. If you cross a desired no. of the sure answer then you can try to take the risk for answering left questions.
While solving the unanswered question, if the answer is not available in the given option then you can take risk of answering a very close answer. For this risk, you must have answered adequately no. of right answered.
9. Avoid last-minute answering
If candidates solve answers in the last minutes of the exam then there are chances of the wrong answer.
Candidates must avoid the last-minute answer.
If the answer is not correct then you will get negative marking which will impact overall marks. Last-minute answering always leads to a mistake.
The well-prepared candidate with confidence for the bank exam needs not to worry about negative marking in the bank exam and take unnecessary stress. Despite this, they need to concentrate on their goal with handwork with smart work.
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text: Xylem and phloem are the two main conveyance systems in plants allowing exchanges of water and carbohydrates between roots and leaves. While each system has been studied in isolation for well over a century, the coupling and coordination between them remains the subject of inquiry and active research and frames the scope of the review here. Using a set of balance equations, hazards of bubble formation and their role in shaping xylem pressure and its corollary impact on phloem pressure and sugar transport are featured. The behavior of an isolated and freely floating air bubble within the xylem is first analyzed so as to introduce key principles such as the Helmholtz free energy and its links to embryonic bubble sizes. These principles are extended by considering bubbles filled with water vapor and air arising from air seeding. Using this framework, key results about stability and hazards of bubbles in contact with xylem walls are discussed. A chemical equilibrium between phloem and xylem systems is then introduced to link xylem and osmotic pressures. The consequences of such a link for sugar concentration needed to sustain efficient phloem transport by osmosis in the loading zone is presented. Catastrophic cases where phloem dysfunction occurs are analyzed in terms of xylem function and its vulnerability to cavitation. A link between operating pressures in the soil system bounded by field capacity and wilting points and maintenance of phloem functioning are discussed as conjectures to be tested in the future.


text:
The Japanese do not just dream of perfect ski slopes, they are developing the technology to produce them.
Six Japanese companies have carried out 'extensive research' to provide artificial snow for Japan's skiers when nature fails to fill the need (European patents 440 256 and 440 257).
Existing snow machines only work properly at very low ambient temperatures; otherwise they just produce slush. The new trick is to use granules of polymer, such as polyacrylic acid salts, which absorb a large volume of water. The snow makers then mix the bloated polymer with natural snow, if available, or other artificial snow. Finally they freeze the mixture.
Ice bridges form between the polymer granules and snow crystals to make good snow for skiing. The companies have tried colouring the snow with dyes and adding perfume, so that the snow smells nice as well as looking good.
To continue reading this article, subscribe to receive access to all of newscientist.com, including 20 years of archive content.


How to Tighten a Drive Belt on a Craftsman Riding Lawnmower, step by step
Ever witnessed your Craftsman lawnmower not mowing properly or leaving patches of uncut grass? A loose drive belt might be the very reason. Luckily, the entire process is relatively easy, and all you'll need for the adjustment is just a socket wrench. If you've never performed self-maintenance on your Craftsman lawnmower before, then don't worry as we dissect this information for you in a step-by-step approach.
How to tighten a drive belt on a Craftsman riding lawnmower, step by step:
 - Step 1: Test the tension in your existing lawnmower drive belt
 - Step 2: Inspect the components on the mower such as the pulleys, belt, spring, and swingarm and check for any damage
 - Step 3: Pull back the clamp holding the cable and tighten it so that the spring attached to it is stretched
 - Step 4: Start the engine and engage the blade lever to check for the belt operation after adjustment
How to Tighten a Drive Belt on a Craftsman Riding Lawnmower, step by step 1
Drive belts are components that connect the engine's transmission shaft to the transaxle pulley and are responsible for the transmission of torque and power to the blades. It is situated underneath the mowing deck in case of riding lawnmowers. The belts usually wear out after continued use. Due to elongation in their tensile cords, drive belts have been known to become loose with time. Most often, the remedy is a replacement. However, in cases when elongation isn't much, you can always adjust the belt tension, and we are looking at that in this article.
The article covers all the steps needed to tighten the drive belt in case of your Craftsman lawnmower. Furthermore, we also provide a brief overview of some frequently asked questions regarding drive belts and lawnmowers. Stay tuned.
Troubleshooting and Adjusting the Drive Belt on a Craftsman Riding Lawnmower, step-by-step:
The steps that need to be followed for fixing the Craftsman lawnmower drive-belt are mentioned below:
- Step 1: Test current drive belt for operation:
Before we dig into it, we first need to see whether the current drive belt is worth tightening or not. Most Craftsman models have a blade engagement lever next to the steering wheel. After the cutting deck is lowered on the ground, the lever engages the blades to make contact with the grass and perform their function.
To see if your current drive belt is loose or not, start your engine and push your throttle lever to the highest. Next, engage the cutting blades by pushing the lever upwards. If you hear the blades' cutting sound right after you push the engagement lever, it indicates that the drive belt has the requisite tension in it and doesn't need any adjustment. However, if you notice that the blades aren't cutting the grass after the very instant you push the lever and give a whirring sound, it means that your drive belt is slipping, thus pointing out the need for adjustment or replacement.
- Step 2: Inspect the mower deck components:
As we've seen, the drive belt is slipping; we need to troubleshoot this for the components located on the mower deck. To do this, lower the deck as much as you can and pull back your blade engagement lever. Then, you need to inspect the following components:
Belt: Make sure that your drive belt is intact and doesn't appear damaged with chunks missing and cracks. If it seems damaged, then you should replace it right away.
Swingarm: The swingarm is a component on the deck where the springs are connected, and a pulley is mounted. The arm is pivoted at one end and free to rotate at the other end. Make sure that the arm is free to rotate. If it is not, drop some oil or a lubricant at the pivoted end, which might have been jammed.
After the above components are functioning correctly, push the lever again to engage the blades.
Spring: The cable that comes from the lever is connected to a spring. Touch the spring to see if it's completely stretched or loose. Also, touch your belt at the same time and notice if it appears loose. If it does, we shall move on towards the next step, adjusting the belt tension.
- Step 3: Tighten the belt by adjusting the cable:
After you've seen your belt loosened up, disengage the blade lever again. You would have noticed the wire that comes from the blade lever and is attached to the springs. On the deck, it is mounted on a bracket.
Loosen the bolts on the bracket is push it back in the direction away from the spring. You now feel that the spring is tightened up.
- Step 4: Test the belt for tension:
After the bracket has been pulled back, start your lawnmower engine at full throttle. Now, push the blade engagement lever upwards and immediately notice the cutting action of the blades. If the blades begin cutting without delay, it means that the belt tension is now optimal. However, If the belt still seems loose enough, it indicates that this method didn't add the required tension, and therefore you should think about replacing the belt.
Related Questions:
1. How to remove and replace the drive belt on a riding lawnmower?
In most cases, tightening the drive belt does not solve the problem, and you often need to replace it altogether with an identical one. The steps for doing that are listed below:
Step 1: Disconnect the spark plug
First, you should turn off the ignition switch and remove the key. Next, you need to pull the mower hood upwards and disconnect the spark plug wire.
Step 2: Disassemble the mower deck
Next, you need to disconnect the entire mower deck from the main body of the lawnmower.
– Step 2.1: Lower the mower deck
As a first step, lower the mower deck on the ground to the lowest position and disengage the blades.
– Step 2.2: Roll the belt off
Roll the belt off the engine pulley and release the belt keepers.
– Step 2.3: Detach the deck
Now, you need to remove all the linkages that connect the mower deck to the upper portion from both sides of the mower deck. To do this, remove the retaining pins and washer supports from the lift link, suspension arm, and rear end bracket on both the left and sides of the mower deck. The deck should now be detached completely.
Step 3: Pull out the old belt
– Step 3.1: Take a picture
Note the routing of the blade belt on the mower deck. We recommend taking a picture to record the layout.
– Step 3.2: Remove the old belt
You might see three pulleys on the deck, namely one idler pulley along with belt keepers and two mandrel pulleys. Remove the old drive belt from the three pulleys.
Step 4: Install the new belt
Loop the new drive belt around the mandrel pulleys and pass it around the idler pulley through the belt keeper. Push the deck back under the mower.
Step 5: Reconnect the mower deck
Reconnect all the removed links such as the lift links, suspension arms, and rear end bracket back onto the mower deck through the retaining pins and washers. Attach the belt back to the engine pulley.
With the mower deck assembled, reconnect the spark plug wire and insert the key in the switch. Start your mower and test the new belt for performance.
2. How long is the drive belt on a Craftsman riding lawnmower?
Drive belts are responsible for transferring power from the engine pulley to movable parts in the mower, such as the blades. Craftsman lawnmower models consist of primary and secondary drive belts. Both belts have a length ranging from 42-55 inches depending on the particular model.
3. Why does the belt keep slipping off the lawnmower?
The drive belt of your lawnmower may come off for various reasons. The exact reasons may depend on the design of your machine. However, some general reasons resulting in this problem are listed below:
– Damaged parts:
The drive belts and idler pulleys may affect the belt operation if they are not in working condition. Moreover, the swing arm should be able to rotate freely about its pivot. You need to check the mower deck's adjustment as well. For normal conditions, the deck's front is generally lower 1/8 to 1/4 inch than the back. A pitch greater than this may cause the belt to keep slipping off.
– Debris Buildup:
The buildup of dirt and dust between the pulley and bracket may also reduce the friction attaching the belt onto the pulley. Make sure that no soil, grass, or sticks are found along the drive belt. This condition is quite imminent under rough operating conditions and low maintenance.
4. What are the two significant forms of drive belts used?
Transmission belts in machine design may be of the V-type or synchronous design. V-belts have a wedge-shaped cross-section. Friction is the only force keeping the belt attached. On the other hand, synchronous belts have a notched profile along their inner circumference, much like gears. They are generally mounted on gears and pinions and are used in timing operations.
Final Comments:
Lawnmower belt maintenance may be one of the most frequently occurring instances, mainly if the mower hasn't been well maintained in the past. We recommend cleaning your lawnmower occasionally and adequately checking the mower deck working components to see if they are


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Tactical Handcuffing
In-Service Training
Thu, Mar 18, 2021
This course will begin at 1300 hours in the JCSO classroom. The course is 4 hours and is accredited through CLEST.
This course is designed to train Officers how to handcuff suspects from a position of tactical advantage which will allow them to maintain control of the suspect should they resist.
After this course of instruction the student will be able to properly:
1. Identify the three types of subjects an officer will handcuff.
2. Identify the three tactical considerations of handcuffing.
3. Identify the three criteria used to determine if an officer can legitimately handcuff a subject without the concern of civil repercussions.
4. Identify when an officer should double-lock the handcuffs.
5. Identify two common handcuffing myths.
6. List the three considerations in selecting handcuffs.
7. Identify the two mechanical failures commonly experienced with handcuffs.
8. Demonstrate the "Terry Frisk" procedure.
9. Demonstrate the procedure for searching a handcuffed person.
10. Demonstrate the standing handcuffing technique.
11. Demonstrate the kneeling handcuffing technique.
12. Demonstrate the prone handcuffing technique.
13. Demonstrate the Iron Wrist Lock Takedown technique.
This course is offered to certified and reserve Deputies
Contact Captain John Bean at _PHONE_ extension 4106 or in order to be scheduled for the course.


Home Event and Festivals National Cancer Survivors Day 2021:10 Hopeful Quotes To Inspire Cancer Survivors and...
National Cancer Survivors Day 2021:10 Hopeful Quotes To Inspire Cancer Survivors and Fighters
Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide. According to WHO, over 45% of people around the world were estimated to be affected by this disease between 2008-2030. It was also projected that 10 and 11 million cancers will be diagnosed each year in lowand middle-income countries by 2030. Right now, there are millions of people worldwide fighting this insidious disease. We know cancer isn't all rainbows and sunshine and keeping a positive outlook during this time can be quite difficult. But sometimes messages of hope can always inspire strength.
Many cancer patients hold on to optimistic messages that promise good times hard and helps them to get through each day with the promise of hope on the horizon. Here are few quotes that we hope might inspire every cancer survivor and fighter to hold on and fight the good fight.
 - "Be thankful for this day. You are here, breathing and living life. Even if it's not the life you want or hoped for, it's life. There's always something to be thankful for."
 - "Never give up. Never give in. Never, ever, ever give up."
 - "Cancer is a word, not a sentence. Cancer is NOT a death sentence. It's just one word in your sentence; one part of your life."
 - "It is often in the darkest skies that we see the brightest stars. Try and find some beauty in your situation. You won't be the person you were before cancer, but that does not have to be a bad thing."
 - "I had cancer, cancer never had me. You are not defined by what you are going through. Cancer will never have you. You are much more than your disease."
 - "Optimism: someone who figures that taking a step backwards after taking a step forward is not a disaster; it's more like a cha-cha. You may not be where you want to be right now, but you're just doing the dance that is called life."
 - "Small steps every day. Every small step counts. You might not reach your goal today but that is okay."
 - "You are braver than you believe, stronger than you seem, smarter than you think, and twice as beautiful as you'd ever imagined. Don't let cancer cause you to sell yourself short or forget your worth."
 - "Good thoughts only. The bad thoughts will try and sneak in, but don't let them. Focus only on the good thoughts."
 - "Broken crayons still colour. Nobody's perfect. If you feel broken, don't let that determine your worth. You can still do so much."
National Cancer Survivors Day is celebrated every year on the first Sunday in June. In 2021, National Cancer Survivors Day will fall on June 6. The day is meant to "demonstrate that life after a cancer diagnosis can be a reality".
(The above story first appeared on LatestLY on Jun 06, 2021 01:27 PM IST. For more news and updates on politics, world, sports, entertainment and lifestyle, log on to our website latestly.com).
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text:
Simple C++ program for age calculation
NB:Excuse me experts,,this is only for beginners.........
1.Copy the code
2.paste it in a text file
3.save the text file as agecalc.cpp and select file type all with in the text file.
4.paste this file inside your bin folder where the Turbo C resides.
5.Open turbo C and do File->Open->Agecalc.cpp
6.press F2 to save and F9 to compile.
7.press ctrl+F9 to run the program
8.once you have compiled the program search for agecal.exe in your bin folder


Homeward in a Sentence 🔊
Definition of Homeward
in the direction of home
Examples of Homeward in a sentence
After driving to the Grand Canyon for their annual vacation, the Simpson Family was homeward bound due being at the end of their trip. 🔊
A homeward journey was pushed by the homeless counselor on the teenager to have a better life who was now living on the streets. 🔊
After serving a lengthy prison sentence, a homeward departure allowance was given to the released prisoner to be able to make it back to his residence. 🔊
Other words in the Direction category:
Most Searched Words (with Video)


text:
CAMERA CALIBRATION USING MULTIPLE UNORDERED COPLANAR CHESSBOARDS
The now widely available and highly popular among non-expert users, particularly in the context of UAV photogrammetry, Structure-from-Motion (SfM) pipelines have also further renewed the interest in the issue of automatic camera calibration. The well-documented requirements for robust self-calibration cannot be always met, e.g. due to restrictions in time and cost, absence of ground control and image tilt, terrain morphology, unsuitable flight configuration etc.; hence, camera pre-calibration is frequently recommended. In this context, users often resort to flexible, user-friendly tools for camera calibration based on 2D coded patterns (primarily ordinary chessboards). Yet, the physical size of such patterns poses obvious limitations. This paper discusses the alternative of extending the size of the calibration object by using multiple unordered coplanar chessboards, which might accommodate much larger imaging distances. This is done initially by a detailed simulation to show that – in terms of geometry – this could be a viable alternative to single patterns. A first algorithmic implementation is then laid out, and results from real multi-pattern configurations, both ordered and unordered, are successfully compared. However, aspects of the proposed approach need to be further studied for its reliable practical employment.


What Does It Mean When A Hamster Stands Up?
Have you noticed that every now and then your hamster will stand up on their two back legs? Is this something you need to worry about? What Does It Mean When A Hamster Stands Up?
Hamsters will stand up on their back legs to have a good look and listen to things around them. They will also stand up when they are grooming themselves. If your hamster stands up as you approach them this is a sign of defensive behaviour.
Why Does My Hamster Stand On Its Hind Legs?
A hamster will stand on its hind legs to help them explorer their surroundings. By standing they can get a better view around them and have a good sniff as the air is most likely more free moving.
A hamster standing on its hind legs is also known as meerkating because they exhibit the same posture as a meerkat.
It is very important when a hamster is standing that you do not approach them and try to pick them up as they might show some aggression towards you. At this stage your hamster is in a exploring mode and they do not want to be distracted. If this is the case do not worry because it is normal for them to act this way.
They are in this hunting mode usually because they can smell or see something that is interesting, usually food related. Below is a video showing a hamster standing on its hind legs.
YouTube video
Why Is My Hamster Standing Perfectly Still?
A hamster will stand perfectly still if they have smelt or heard something interesting or threatening and they are not sure where it is. This behaviour is witnessed commonly in wild hamsters, but also domestic hamsters.
It is also common for them to stand perfectly still for minutes at a time. This is a natural for them to do, it has most likely been inherited from wild hamsters because they are seen as prey in the wild and they stay perfectly still to avoid predators.
If your hamster is standing perfectly still you can approach them slowly and gently pick them up, make sure not to scare them and they should start to move around again.
Hamster Falling Asleep Standing Up
If your hamster is falling asleep while standing up it is usually because they have fainted or have not had enough quality sleep recently.
It is not common for hamsters to fall asleep standing up, if they do it once or twice it is nothing to be worried about.
If they are frequently falling sleep standing up then there is most likely an issue that needs to be looked in to. You will need to look at the following two items.
Monitor Sleep Pattern
A healthy hamster requires between six to eight hours of sleep a day. Hamsters also sleep during the day so it should be easy to monitor how much sleep they are having.
YouTube video
During the day keep a record of how much sleep they are getting. It is usual for them to get up a few times during their sleep to go toilet and have a drink.
If they are frequently having less then six hours a day you should take them to the vet as soon as possible.
Typically when a hamster faints they will fall or jump because they are not sure what is happening to them and they are scared.
It should be pretty obvious if your hamster is fainting, take a look at this video for the signs to look out for
YouTube video
The main causes of hamsters fainting include
 - Not eating enough food
 - Not drinking enough water
 - Suffering from an illness
If they are constantly fainting for longer than one day then you will need to take them to a vet to be looked at as soon as possible.


text:
Defect depth quantification using lock-in thermography
Publication Type:Journal Articles
Source:Quantitative InfraRed Thermography Journal, Volume 12, Number 1, p.37–52 (2015)
In this paper we explore the defect evaluation in austenitic stainless steel (SS) using Lock-in technique and the effect of modulation frequency on defect detectability. A review of international literature indicates that while such studies have been attempted on materials like Perspex and composites, studies on austenitic SS like AISI 316, which are widely used in nuclear and other process industries, have been limited. For depth quantification, blind frequency method and phase contrast method have been discussed. The one dimensional analytical modeling proposed by Bennett and Patty has been adopted in blind frequency method. The investigation on the effect of defect size and shape on blind frequency and phase contrast has been carried out. The phase contrast method for depth quantification was found to be appropriate.
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