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I'm learning about generators and conservation laws and have derived the equation (1)
$$[Q,A]=-i\hbar f(A)$$
which is satisfied by the observable generator $Q$ for a transformation group with elements of form
The lecture notes I'm reading say that this equation (1) defines $Q$ provided we know $f(A)$ for all observables $A$. Why is this true mathematically? And what does all observables mean?
The example in the notes applies it to transformations along the $k-$axis for a system of $r$ particles, obtaining
$$[Q,\hat{x}_i^r]=-i\hbar\delta_{ik}$$ $$[Q,\hat{p}_i^r]=0$$
It then states that $Q = \hat{P}_k=\sum_r \hat{p}_k^r$. This is obviously a solution, but do I know that it's the only one?
Many thanks in advance.
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The statement is not correct, as $Q'=Q+g(A)$ satisfies (for an arbitrary function $g$) the same commutation relation. Thus you need to pay attention to the additional conditions posited in the context of your source.
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What might be some typical additional conditions? How does it relate to the example perhaps? Many thanks! – Edward Hughes Aug 16 '12 at 8:46
I don't know; each context is different. Maybe the source doesn't make use of the uniqueness but just needs some solution. Then sloppiness in the writeup is a sufficient explanation. – Arnold Neumaier Aug 16 '12 at 8:50
Okay thanks. So we have an infinity of possible conserved quantities then? – Edward Hughes Aug 16 '12 at 9:03
There is always an infinity of conserved quantities since if $A$ and $Q$ are conserved then any function of $A$ and $Q$ is also conserved. One is therefore interested in independent conserved quantities, or in additively conserved quantities. – Arnold Neumaier Aug 16 '12 at 9:23
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If a group has an irreducible representation on some vector space, then Schur's lemma says the only operators on that vector space which commute with every element of the group are the scalar operators. From this, If A and B have the same commutation relations with every element of the group, then $A-B$ commutes with everything, and thus must be a scalar. Therefore, the commutation relations determine everything up to the addition of a scalar (ie. up to central extension).
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Very many thanks for this. Do you know of any references where I could read up on this irreducible representation stuff, because I haven't come across it before? Obviously I could look at Wikipedia, but a particular reference with QM in mind would be better! – Edward Hughes Aug 15 '12 at 21:30
No problem. For basic representation theory I like Fulton and Harris' "First Course in Representation Theory". For physical applications, the representation theory of finite groups is a bit of a detour though. For stuff focused on Lie gadgets I like Kirillov's book, which also has the advantage of being freely available online. As for stuff with a focus on quantum, I'm not really sure. I know Peter Woit has written some things about quantum mechanics and representation theory, but I think it is more about "geometric quantization" and would probably not be useful to you. – Ryan Thorngren Aug 15 '12 at 21:37
Actually, I think the greatest reference (or reading guide, perhaps) is John Baez's This Weeks Finds. He talks about representation theory, quantum mechanics, and much much more in a very informal (but informa*tive*) style. – Ryan Thorngren Aug 15 '12 at 21:40
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Survey: 3 of 4 Parents Say Their Kids Are Spoiled by the Holidays
Do your kids get bratty at the holidays? If they do, you're not alone. Parenting and TODAY Moms surveyed more than 6,000 parents to find out how much they really spend on holiday gifts, if they feel pressure to buy everything their kids want, and how their kids respond to the onslaught of presents.
 - 3 out of 4 parents admit their kids are spoiled to some degree
 - 59% say their kids are more spoiled than they were as kids
 - Only 30% always require their kids to write thank-you notes
Plus: Kids' Worst Spoiled Brat Moments
Read the full results of the survey, including the jaw-dropping average amount of money parents spend on each kid at the holidays. Then tell us: do your kids ever exhibit less-than-grateful behavior at the holidays?
Also, join TODAY contributor and parenting expert Amy McCready, author of If I Have To Tell You One More Time, on TODAY Moms' Facebook page Tuesday at 1 p.m. ET for a live chat about how to un-spoil your children (or avoid spoiling them in the first place!).


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The sign of the world Lithuanian song festival is a tree of life
The tree consists of the following three parts or levels: A sentence is a trunk with branchesand the of the tree. Tree roots are the past, the rudiment which delivered it, a seed that sprouted it.
The strong trunk and lush crown means present, fortitude, prosperity, life. It's a persistence and straight way to endeavour goals. The top of the tree symbolizes the hope which is shining like the Sun and the tree climbs to it with all its force. The land feeds the tree roots and gives the life. This land is Lithuania. The bird on the top of the tree means the song of free Lithuanian spirit burst through all trivial works and troubles then it converges into the one holy song – Song festival.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Milksha UK & NNECA Partnership
In 2022, Milksha UK have teamed up with NNECA, a charity that aims to protect children from abuse, through their prevent-ED campaign. As part of the campaign, Milksha have committed to raise money through regular sponsorship and activity events.
Milksha and NNECA aim to educate and empower over 50,000 children in the UK and across the world, and are both passionate and committed to keeping children safe and happy.
NNECA believe child sexual abuse is preventable through better education and awareness. We currently operate in the UK, Europe, US and Asia, and share our awareness material in over 50 countries across multiple languages.
NNECA believes schools must adopt a 'whole-school' approach to child sexual abuse, meaning every teacher, every staff member, every child and every parent are empowered and equipped with the relevant age-appropriate prevention training to identify the signs of abuse, and possess the knowledge for next steps.
We learnt the most effective prevention strategies revolved around early-stage education. Using this approach, we truly believe that 90% of child sexual abuse and exploitation is preventable through education and awareness.
Our PreventEd Legislation
Legislation to introduce mandatory accredited training for all teachers and school staff in child sexual abuse prevention. Schools need to adopt a "whole school" approach to tackling and preventing systematic abuse. This legislation looks for every staff member to understand, identify, and manage the reporting phase.
Should we succeed in our mission to push the government into changing legislation, the PreventEd training course will be delivered through online and mobile E-Learning applications providing the necessary flexibility for teachers. E-Learning allows continuous reinforcement of content and skills, and will allow all primary schools to be trained within months, unlike school-based workshop training. We advocate that the Department for Education certifies best practice guidelines and quality assurance.


Prototype built-in | SuperOffice Community
Prototype built-in
In this article
 Prepare the central database Prototype In order to use SuperOffice CRM 7 without being connected to the network, associates must first perform a local update to transfer information from the central database to a local database.
 The local update is based on an update prototype, which is a copy of the central database and contains the same information that the central database contained when the update prototype was generated. It is much quicker and more efficient to copy a single file than to copy data from a complex database (by a factor of 50 or more). With the prototype as an intermediary, the local update is performed more rapidly.
 To generate an update prototype from the Maintenance Client:
 1. Open the Replication screen in the Maintenance Client.
 2. Click the Generate prototype button on the right of the screen.
 Note: If you are using Area Management, there will be a dialog box allowing you to choose the area required.
 3. A dialog box opens, asking you to confirm that you want to start prototype generation. Choose OK.
 The generation is started. A message box displays the progress of the task.
 Note: The update prototype is saved centrally to the SO_ARC\TEMPLATE\TRAVEL folder, with the name TravelAREA0.DB if you are using a built-in database, or AREA0.DB if you are using a Sybase database, so that all Travel users use the same prototype. The MSDE database files is located in the ProtoServerPath folder. While a prototype is being generated, no-one will be able to activate the Travel function.
 4. Once the task has completed, the status message box closes and you are returned to the Replication screen. The prototype is now ready for use.
 At any stage after an update prototype has been generated, each individual user will be able to perform a local update to transfer information from the central database to his or her own local database.
 Note - You may use different kinds of travel databases on the different areas, but you need to use a supported travel database type.


Leaky city plumbing raises Ontario water bills by up to a third on average, new study shows
Aging, leaky and crumbling pipes cost the average household in Ontario up to a third more on its monthly water utility bills, according to a new report on the state of the province's water infrastructure.
56-page RCCAO report says hundreds of millions of litres of drinking water wasted daily
This watermain break along a stretch of Eglinton Avenue in Toronto closed a 100-metre stretch of busy thoroughfare in 2018. A new study says the city has 1,400 watermain breaks a year, almost four a day. (Tony Smyth/CBC)
Aging, leaky and crumbling pipes cost the average household in Ontario up to a third more on its monthly water utility bills, according to a new report by a think-tank created by a consortium of provincial construction unions and contractors.
50 and not so fabulous:
The report said nearly half of all water mains in Ontario are at least half a century old, which is the average age for failure.
The study, on the state of the province's water infrastructure, looked at problems within Ontario's 444 municipalities and doesn't include Indigenous communities, which have struggled with access to clean, reliable drinking water for decades.
The 56-page report was paid for and published this month by the Residential and Civil Construction Alliance of Ontario (RCCAO). It suggests communities need more money to maintain, repair and replace aging and leaking plumbing that wastes hundreds of millions of litres of clean drinking water a day, and taxpayers tens of millions of dollars a year.
In Toronto alone, the study said, it's estimated the city has been losing 103 million litres of clean water per day for the past 15 years.
'Huge amount of waste'
"It's a huge amount of waste, not only in the amount of water being spilled, but also in the energy being used to pressurize these pipes," said Tamer El-Diraby, a professor of civil engineering at the University of Toronto and the study's lead author.
This 2018 images shows a collapsed section of O'Connor Street in Ottawa, as a result of a watermain break. (CBC)
It's not just energy and water, but also repairs and time. Between Canada and the U.S., the study points out, the two countries average 700 watermain breaks a day, costing more than $10 billion a year to repair. A British study estimated traffic delays from utility construction cost the country $2.3 billion US each year.
Leaky pipes:
The cost of water leakage makes up to a tenth to a third of the average water bill in Ontario. In some municipalities, up to half the bill was due to leaky plumbing, the study said.
Watermain breaks however, are only part of the story when it comes to leakage. The study suggests a hole in a water pipe as small as 1.5 mm can waste up to 3,570 litres of water in 24 hours and cost $14.54 a day.
Toronto loses anywhere from 10 to 15 per cent of total drinking water supply to leakage each year, or about 103 million litres per day. Across Ontario, system leakage is estimated at anywhere between 10 to 40 per cent, according to the study.
El-Diraby said it was too difficult to rank which Ontario municipalities were doing better or worse in terms of managing their water infrastructure with any kind of accuracy.
Bad pipes:
The study said Chatham-Kent had the highest portion of its water infrastructure in poor or worse condition, including 37 per cent that had 'expired.' In Windsor, 27 per cent of its plumbing is still operational, despite being 'beyond its useful life.'
Instead, he broke it down in terms of larger and smaller municipalities. While both are experiencing resource shortfalls in terms of managing their water systems, the problem is particularly acute in rural communities, where density is low and there are minimal resources and training to properly maintain a vast network of aging water infrastructure.
"They have this double problem," said El-Diraby. "They don't have enough money to do the most basic analysis and they also do not have the expertise to do that analysis."
While larger cities usually have the knowhow, they lack proper funding, according to El-Diraby, who points to London, Ont., as an example of a community blessed with a highly competent team that gets about half the funding it needs to do its job.
Municipalities don't have funds to replace old pipes
"They have 50 per cent or less than the money they need to keep the assets in good shape. So while we made great gains in the last 20 years since the days of Walkerton, with the current funding levels, it is expected the average quality of water and waste water assets in London is going to decline."
El-Diraby was referring to the Walkerton water crisis over two decades ago that caused Canada's worst e-coli outbreak.
Toronto loses 103 million litres of drinking water a day to system leakage, enough for the daily needs of 250,000 people or to fill 15,000 Olympic-sized swimming pools. (John Badcock/CBC )
According to the RCCAO report, a lack of money is the most chronic problem when it comes to the state of the province's water infrastructure.
"Water infrastructure is a municipal expenditure and responsibility," said Krystle Caputo, a spokeswoman for the Ontario Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing, in a written statement to CBC News.
One of the solutions would be to raise the price of water, which many municipalities are already doing. But El-Diraby points out that many municipal councils lack the will to raise prices lest they raise the ire of voters.
"We need to relook the funding scheme. This is not a call for privatization, but a call to rethink and innovate with new ideas."
Holey moley:
A hole as small as 1.5 mm in a water pipe wastes 3,570 L a day and costs $14.54, the study said. A nearly 5-mm hole wastes 32,130 L in 24 hours and costs $130.88.
He suggests municipalities start making water infrastructure part of smart city systems, where city crews don't have to wait until a watermain break happens to fix aging pipes, or the pressure in the water system could be used to generate energy used in electric vehicles.
If that doesn't get people's attention, El-Diraby suggests ratepayers can avoid paying the one-tenth to one-third extra on their water bills if municipalities paid for repairs and replacements at the same rate.
"If the government takes the same amount of money, or even a fraction of that, and put it into fixing the pipes, we will not need to increase water pricing and we will not need to increase property taxes.
"We pay for the leakage no matter what, but it's more efficient if we direct this money not towards wasted water, but fixing the water system. The return on investment goes higher."
Colin Butler
Video Journalist
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text:
Welcome to Franklin Primary School
Welcome to Franklin Primary School. Franklin Primary was established in 1860, making it one of the oldest schools in Tasmania. We are a school of approximately 140 students located in a natural bushland setting bordered by Prices Creek. A focus of our school grounds is the "Big Tree", a giant Redwood tree planted in 1901. Our school and its beautiful surrounds provides a unique environment for children to grow and to realise their individual potential. Catering for children Kindergarten to Grade 6, in both single and composite classes, children are taught using a variety of teaching approaches ranging from large group activities to specialist programs. We also run a weekly Launching into Learning Early Years program for children birth to 4 years and their parents/carers.
Franklin Primary School aims to be a centre of excellence, working in partnership with our community to ensure learning is valued, innovation is celebrated and leadership thrives. We encourage and support our children to develop knowledge, skills and understanding across all curriculum areas so that each child reaches their full potential.


"Security is not a product but a process" – Bruce Shnieder
A short answer to this question would be, yes, Roller shutters are safe. The preceding question would be can roller shutters be broken into? Just like any physical barriers such as a wall, they can be broken into. Does it mean you don't need them? No, because the level of threats that a physical barrier can protect you from will significantly add to you security to a degree that it has to be mandatory to the least.
The building material of construction such as plasterboard, brick, block, non-security rated composite panels, steel cladding or shipping containers, etc., can be breached in a surprisingly short period of time. The actual success of a breach or safety of roller shutters is dependent on a number of factors such as (1) ;
 1. Substrate material: wooden frames, steel frames, concrete brickwork etc.
 2. The Attack tools: Screwdriver, Claw hammer, Crowbar, Hammer, Disc grinder etc.
 3. Physical Barrier product (roller shutter door).
 4. Duration of the attack.
Given enough time and the right tools, any physical barrier can be breached or broken through. Which is also the reason that in most more layers utilised to reduce the risk. Simply put, physical security concerns four main areas: Deterring intruders (visible roller shutters, Security gates, sectional doors, higher walls, electric fence and burglar bars etc), Detecting and Delaying attackers (CCTV, intruder detections systems etc), and Responding to an attack (police or private personnel) (2).
With much attention being placed on the role of emerging technologies such CCTV connected to your phones etc. in the fight against crime in South Africa, it is often easy to become detracted from the basics of home security. However, good physical security is the bedrock and/or foundation of an effective security solution in your house and property. Without the delay to intrusion provided by an effective physical security barrier, detection simply tells you the intruders presence and intentions. It is therefore always important to ensure suitable physical security measures are in place and that those measures provide sufficient delay to enable the intruder to be detected and a suitable response mounted in order to apprehend the intruder.
Either the barrier is roller shutter, security gate or burglar bar. It is along this train of thought and or principle that we design our physical security barriers solutions at Xpanda.


text:
Example 8.4.9: Applying the Lagrange Remainder
f(x) =where r(x) goes to zero as x goes to c.
Use this result and the function f(x)= to show that
The first statement is a straight-forward application of the Lagrange remainder theorem - try it youself!
As for the application, let f(x)=, which is continuously differentiable around c = 0. According to our statement (and taking the first derivative at zero) we have:
= 1 + x/2 + x r(x)
for some r(x) with r(x) = 0. To apply this to our problem, we need to see involved somehow. Therefore we factor an n to get:
Now we can apply our approximation to the second root, with x = 1/, to get:
which, together with the fact that r(x) = 0 will do the trick.


Asked by: Sherly Xuereb
asked in category: General Last Updated: 15th March, 2020
How do you keep a glass kettle clean?
Fill the kettle 1/2 full using a solution of equal parts water and vinegar. Bring the solution to boil and allow the kettle to switch off. Unplug the kettle and allow the solution to sit in the kettle for at least half an hour. Pour out the vinegar solution and rinse the kettle again and again with clear water.
Click to see full answer.
In this regard, how do I clean my Ikich kettle?
[Warm Tips] To descale your kettle, simply fill it with some vinegar and water, boil it, and let it soak for 1 hours. Finally wipe away the scale with a cloth. Please feel free to contact us when you meet any questions or problems.
how often should you change your kettle? You can wash off the layer of minerals once a weak. Otherwise, you will have to change your kettle very quick. Still, if you live in a hard water area, you will be better off if you change your kettle after maximum two years of use.
how do I get rid of limescale in my kettle naturally?
Fill the kettle with a solution of equal parts water and vinegar, and let this soak for an hour. After that, boil the kettle, then turn it off and unplug it from the power. Let the water and vinegar mixture sit in the kettle for another 15-20 minutes, then throw it away and rinse the kettle thoroughly.
Is it safe to drink from a kettle with limescale?
Limescale comes from the high concentration of calcium found in the hard water we drink, so it will not cause you harm if you consume some from your kettle or coffee maker. However, there is no research which shows that drinking hard water increases your risk of developing kidney stones.
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text:
The family plays an important role in uniting people into cooperative groups. Communication is crucial in family relations and knowledge of appropriate discourse norms starts in the family domaiin. This book focusses on talk in families: talk between mothers and children, mother-in-law and daughter-in-law; grandchildren and elderly grandparents, and talk among adolescents within families. Based on detailed micro-analysis of home-based interactions in Malaysia, Language Choices and Discourse of Malaysian Families: Case Studies of Families in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia provides a qualitative analysis of authentic talk between members of families and reveals how through conversations, relationships are maintained and strengthened.
This book is for anyone interested in the discourse of Malaysian families and is aimed especially at students working on discourse analysis. It uses multiple frameworks of analysis which include the Theory of Accommodation, Second Language Acquisition, Speech Acts, Communicative Strategies and Critical Discourse Analysis.
This product was added to our catalog on Monday 01 January, 2007.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
|Origin:||Probably from Middle Dutch pegge|
a short piece of wood, metal, or plastic that is attached to a wall or fits into a hole, used especially to hang things on or to fasten things together:
Sarah hung her coat on the peg.
a table fitted together with pegs
a pattern made with coloured pegs on a board
a small plastic or wooden object used to fasten wet clothes to a thin rope to dry [= clothespeg; = clothespin AmE]
hanging wet clothesBritish English
a pointed piece of wood or metal that you push into the ground in order to keep a tent in the correct position
to make someone realize that they are not as important or skilled as they think they are:
Evans is an arrogant bully who needs taking down a peg or two.
a wooden screw used to make the strings of a violin, guitar etc tighter or looser [= tuning peg]
6 British English
something that is used as a reason for doing, discussing, or believing something:
As a peg to hang it on, the tournament had the 100th anniversary of Nehru's birth.
a small amount of strong alcoholic drink, especially whisky or brandy


Shou Sugi Ban (burnt cypress) is a traditional Japanese technique in which coniferous wood is charred on one side. Traditionally, this was done by binding three boards together to form a chimney and starting a fire at the bottom. The original reason for charring was, ironically, fire prevention. As Japanese houses were mostly made of wood, inhabitants of the villages and towns were very aware of fire risks. The scorching of the façades created a fire-retardant carbon layer. They also discovered that this layer offered good protection against vermin and fungus. The ancient art of Shou Sugi Ban is still being used on houses on the islands of Kanawa's prefecture. Shou Sugi Ban or Yakisugi ties in with the Japanese life philosophy of Wabi Sabi, and the pure vision of beauty.
Does the carbon layer always stay the same?
This depends on the type, but in principle the carbon layer of our burnt wood weathers under the influence of wind, rain and hail. The lifespan of the carbon layer depends on the orientation of the facade and the location of the building. The black carbon layer of our burnt wood ages over the years and then acquires a beautiful patina (weathering), such as a light sheen, or a craquelé surface, for example. The natural aging and weathering over time does not detract from the visual appeal, on the contrary, it contributes to it! This fits within the above-mentioned Japanese philosophy of life of Wabi Sabi. On the product data sheets of our products (downloadable on the product page), you can see how the wood ages.
For indoor use we always fix the charred wood. For the exterior we often advise not to fix the wood. This ensures that the charred wood retains a beautiful, natural shine and is also more durable than when the wood is fixed. In the course of time the release of the wood will decrease and for a number of variants this will eventually stop. Most burned types of wood, also for exterior use, can also be fixed if desired. We will be happy to advise you about this.
How do I maintain the wood?
Unfixed planks with a carbon layer do not require any maintenance.
Planks that have been burned and brushed have a stain or oil layer. This wood requires periodic maintenance every three to six years. If you do not maintain Shodoshima / Takamatsu / Sakaide exterior, the stain layer will eventually harden and flake. Below this, the white wood will emerge and 'age'.
The product specification sheet that you will find on each product page explains exactly if and what maintenance the different products need.


Tamil Diplomat
Will Vankalai Village be protected from the sea erosion in Mannar?
People express grief that Sea erosion is gobbling up land in the Village of Vankalai in the Mannar-Nanattan Pradeshiya sabai area.
Vankalai is a village with marine resources in Mannar District and engage in fishing livelihood.
Even for small high tide the sea waters invade the village, say the affected villagers.
Due to continuous sea erosion for the last 27 years, nearly 2 Kms of land had submerged, say the people. As a result of long time requests by the people 3 buffer walls were constructed some years back. Nevertheless the sea had eaten up to the buffer walls, the people say.
However, as the said buffer walls are also sinking due to sea erosion, the village people are requesting that while old buffer walls are renovated, several new walls should be constructed.
Particularly, the anti-sea erosion buffer wall in existence now is found up to only a short distance. There is a need to construct several additional buffer walls, said the affected people.
Although they had approached several factions including related officers and politicians, requesting to build the buffer wall, no constructive action had been taken by them, said the sorrowed people.
In the area where three buffer walls are built earlier considerable amount of land is safeguarded from sea erosion but in area where no wall is available the sea is advancing in claiming land areas, they say.
While saying that if the lethargy shown by the concerned officials in attending to the several years long requests by the people continued, they said that, further land will be submerged by the sea. They call for constructive action regarding the buffer walls.
Hence they request the Officials and politicians concerned to pay attention to this matter and take action with speed to protect the village from sea erosion.


text:
Fulton County, Kentucky
From Ancestry.com Wiki
|This article is a stub. Help us to expand it by contributing your knowledge. For county page guidelines, visit U.S. County Page Content Suggestions.|
Fulton is a county in Kentucky. It was formed in 1845 from the following county/ies: Hickman. Fulton began keeping birth records in 1852, marriage records in 1845, and death records in 1852. It began keeping land records in 1845, probate records in 1845, and court records in 1845. For more information, contact the county at P.O. Box 126, Hickman 42050-0126. On the attached map, Fulton is located at A4.
For information about the state of Kentucky see Kentucky Family History Research.


Determining if objects are permanently unavailable
You can determine if objects are permanently unavailable by making a request using the TSM administrative console.
Before you begin
About this task
This example is provided for your information only; this procedure cannot help you identify all failure conditions that may result in unavailable objects or tape volumes. For information about TSM administration, see TSM Server documentation.
 1. Log in to an Admin Node:
 1. Enter the following command: ssh admin@Admin_Node_IP
 2. Enter the password listed in the Passwords.txt file.
 2. Identify the object or objects that could not be retrieved by the Archive Node:
 1. Go to the directory containing the audit log files: cd /var/local/audit/export
 The active audit log file is named audit.log. Once a day, the active audit.log file is saved, and a new audit.log file is started. The name of the saved file indicates when it was saved, in the format yyyy-mm-dd.txt. After a day, the saved file is compressed and renamed, in the format yyyy-mm-dd.txt.gz, which preserves the original date.
 2. Search the relevant audit log file for messages indicating that a retrieval failure occurred. For example, enter: grep ARCE audit.log | less -n
 When a retrieval fails, the ARCE audit message (Archive Object Retrieve End) displays ARUN (archive middleware unavailable) or GERR (general error) in the result field. The following example line from the audit log shows that the ARCE message terminated with the result ARUN for CBID 498D8A1F681F05B3.
 See the instructions for understanding audit messages.
 3. Record the CBID of each object with a request failure.
 You might also want to record the following additional information used by the TSM to identify objects saved by the Archive Node:
 - File Space Name: Select Support > Grid Topology. Then, select Archive Node > ARC > Target > Overview.
 The file space name is the Archive Node's node ID.
 - High Level Name: Equivalent to the volume ID assigned to the object by the Archive Node. The volume ID takes the form of a date (20091127), and is recorded as the VLID of the object in archive audit messages.
 - Low Level Name: Equivalent to the CBID assigned to an object by the StorageGRID system.
 4. Log out of the command shell: exit
 3. Check the TSM server to see if the objects identified in step 2 are permanently unavailable:
 1. Log in to the administrative console of the TSM server: dsmadmc
 Use the administrative user name and password that are configured for the ARC service. Enter the user name and password in the Grid Manager. (Select Support > Grid Topology. Then, select Archive Node > ARC > Target > Configuration.)
 2. Determine if the object is permanently unavailable.
 For example, you might search the TSM activity log for a data integrity error for that object. The following example shows a search of the activity log for the past day for an object with CBID 498D8A1F681F05B3.
 > query actlog begindate=-1 search=276C14E94082CC69
 12/21/2008 05:39:15 ANR0548W Retrieve or restore
 failed for session _PHONE_ for node DEV-ARC-20 (Bycast ARC)
 processing file space /_PHONE_ 4 for file /20081002/
 498D8A1F681F05B3 stored as Archive - data
 integrity error detected. (SESSION: _PHONE_)
 Note that depending on the nature of the error, the CBID might not be recorded in the TSM activity log. You might need to search the log for other TSM errors around the time of the request failure.
 3. If an entire tape is permanently unavailable, identify the CBIDs for all objects stored on that volume: query content TSM_Volume_Name
 where TSM_Volume_Name is the TSM name for the unavailable tape. The following is an example of the output for this command:
 > query content TSM-Volume-Name
 Node Name Type Filespace FSID Client's Name for File Name
 DEV-ARC-20 Arch /_PHONE_ 216 /20081201/ C1D172940E6C7E12
 DEV-ARC-20 Arch /_PHONE_ 216 /20081201/ F1D7FBC2B4B0779E
 The Client's Name for File Name" is the Archive Node volume ID (TSM "high level name") followed by the object's CBID (TSM "low level name). That is: /Archive Node volume ID /CBID or, in the first line of this example: /20081201/ C1D172940E6C7E12
 Recall also that the Filespace is the node ID of the Archive Node.
 You will need the CBID of each object stored on the volume and the node ID of the Archive Node to cancel the retrieval request in the next step.
 4. For each object that is permanently unavailable, cancel the retrieval request and inform the StorageGRID system that the object copy was lost:
 Attention: Use the ADE Console with caution. If the console is used improperly, it is possible to interrupt system operations and corrupt data. Enter commands carefully, and only use the commands documented in this procedure.
 1. If you are not already logged in to the Archive Node, log in as follows:
 1. Enter the following command: ssh admin@grid_node_IP
 2. Enter the password listed in the Passwords.txt file.
 4. Enter the password listed in the Passwords.txt file.
 2. Access the ADE console of the ARC service: telnet localhost 1409
 3. Cancel the request for the object: /proc/BRTR/cancel -c CBID
 where CBID is the identifier of the object that cannot be retrieved from the TSM.
 If the only copies of the object are on tape, the "bulk retrieval" request is canceled with a message "1 requests canceled". If copies of the object exist elsewhere in the system, the object retrieval is processed by a different module so the response to the message is "0 requests canceled".
 4. Notify the StorageGRID system that an object copy has been lost and an additional copy must be made of the indicated object: /proc/CMSI/Object_Lost CBID node_ID
 where CBID is the identifier of the object that cannot be retrieved from the TSM server.
 For Archive Nodes, you cannot use a range of CBIDs.
 node_ID is the node ID of the Archive Node where the retrieval failed.
 In most cases, the StorageGRID system immediately begins to make additional copies of object data to ensure that the system's ILM policy is followed. In a StorageGRID system configured to use an ILM rule with only one active content placement instruction, copies of an object are not made. If an object is lost, it cannot be recovered. In this case, running the Object_Lost command purges the lost object's metadata from the StorageGRID system.
 When the Object_Lost command completes successfully, it returns the message CLOC_LOST_ANS returned result 'SUCS'.
 5. Exit the ADE Console: exit
 6. Log out of the Archive Node: exit
 5. Reset the value of Request Failures in the StorageGRID system:
 1. Go to Archive Node > ARC > Retrieve > Configuration, and select Reset Request Failure Count.
 2. Click Apply Changes.


text:
How can the DLCA be used for planning new development?20 June 2016
New development needs to take full account of its relationship with the landscape. Understanding the landscape context of development is an essential first step of the design process. The DLCA helps developers to understand the characteristics of different areas of landscape and of the impacts of potential development. This helps in the identification of sites that are suitable for different types of development. When a development site has been identified, the key characteristics of the landscape can inform the design and layout of new development.


text:
When cleaning files from a Windows Operating System (OS), you are halted with errors relating to the filename or the file path being too long. This is due to a 255/260 character limit on Windows Operating Systems preventing the files in a directory from being removed.
Follow this article to learn how to remove all files from a directory that have a longer than allowed filenames or paths by using the Microsoft utility "Robust File Copy" (Robocopy).
- Source Path Too Long
- The source file name(s) are larger than is supported by the file system.
How to Solve the Issue
The actions performed in the below process will permanently remove all contents, such as files and folders, in your specified path.
Using Robocopy to delete files that have a path and filename that is too long:
- Notate the folder directory path that needs its contents to be deleted.
- Example: C:\FolderToBeCleaned
- From Windows File Explorer, create an empty folder anywhere on the hard drive:
- Example: C:\EmptyFolder
- Open a Windows Command Prompt as an Administrator.
- Type the following command, replacing the example paths with yours:
- Robocopy C:\EmptyFolder C:\FolderToBeCleaned /purge
- Press the Enter key.
The folder contents are now deleted:


text:
Dualquat QAC Surface Sanitiser
Dualquat is a dual chain quaternary sanitiser providing effective microbial control in a wide variety of food processing operations.
Dualquat provides a residual antimicrobial action that continues to work on surfaces well after application. Dualquat can be used on plant equipment, walls and floors, and in foot baths where staining is to be avoided. Active against bacteria and effective in the control of yeasts and moulds, Dualquat is a truly versatile sanitiser.
- Completely safe to use on all surfaces
- Non-toxic, non-corrosive and odourless
- Suitable for both hot and cold applications
- Helps to eliminate objectionable odours
- Helps to control and reduce micro bacterial growth
DIRECTIONS FOR USE:
Apply diluted product to cleaned, well drained surfaces. Do not rinse off well drained food contact surfaces where dilution is 200ppm or below. If used above 200ppm on a food contact surface, a potable rinse must occur after application.
For Food Contact surfaces:
- Do not exceed 200ppm on a well drained surface in a red meat export establishment.
- Seafood/Poultry – suitable for a no rinse application up to 400ppm
- Use between 200 – 400ppm
- Use between 1000 – 1500ppm


Can a Palace Really be Sustainable? - Case Study of Versailles
SJR 04 - 05 - 2010
When one first looks at the Versailles Palace in France, the immediate thought that comes to mind is something to the effect of "over-the-top," or "gaudy." Sustainable is NOT what a visitor thinks, but on closer look some sustainable principles start to emerge. The palace was home to not only the king, but also the nobles of the court. Therefore the people not only lived at the palace, they also worked and entertained themselves in the palace on the grounds. This is similar to the concept of mixed-use in present day planning. A designer tries to create places that can meet every need of the residents. Along with residences, these mixed-use projects include grocery stores, offices, coffee shops, clothing stores, bars, restaurants, gathering spaces, and much more. Another feature that can be taken away from Versailles is the range of activities the grounds provide. In the center of the gardens in the mile-long Grand Canal around which people could walk or take a boat. The areas on either side of the canal offer a range of different size spaces for gathering. Some are large, like the formal gardens and the amphitheatre. Others are smaller and more intimate, like Apollo's Tree Grove. The lands beyond the gardens were used for horse-back riding and hunting. No matter what a person wanted to do, the Versailles grounds had it all. Inside there were numerous ballrooms and dining rooms for parties, as well as the different apartments. Also there are a lot of windows in the palace that allow the rooms to be naturally lit. While the concept behind Versailles can be seen as sustainable, the manner in which it was create wasn't. There is a large amount of unused space in the palace interiors and the excess of material, like the gold leaf covering many of the surfaces. The fact that the site was once a swamp meant that in order to construct the palace and grounds, all the land had to be drained. Then over a hundred fountains were added in the gardens. In fact there are so many fountains that they can't all be run at one time! So while the palace at first glance isn't a very sustainable piece of architecture and landscape architecture, there are plenty of concepts and principles that we as present-day designers can learn from. Hall of Mirrors and Plan of Versailles Grounds
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Ask A Cartographer
Saving causes massive file size.
July 13 2011 | 0 comments
Categories: ArcGIS Methods
Why is it that when I save a map, the map itself grows in size?
The map I currently am working started off at 5mb, then grew to a staggering 48mb.
I eventually transferred all the data to a new map and started over with a 5 mb file. As I was saving, I watched it grow about 300 kb WITHOUT ADDING ANY NEW DATA!
What gives?
Mapping Center Answer:
There are a number of reasons that this can happen. For example, it may be caused by a large amount of geoprocessing results stored in the Results tab in ArcToolbox in ArcCatalog. Her eis a Knowledge Base article about how to deal with this:
Here is another KB article on why the files sizes grow and how using Save As will help to control the growth:
If you would like to post a comment, please login.
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How Samsung uses AI to improve photos taken on the Galaxy S21
How Samsung uses AI to improve photos taken on the Galaxy S21
In our reviews, we made clear that the Galaxy S21 Ultra and the S21+ are capable of capturing excellent photos. While the camera sensors do play a part in this, modern photography is now also a lot about AI and image processing and that is exactly what Samsung reveals in a blog post that details how the AI-algorithm works on the new Samsung flagships.
 - Samsung reveals specific details about the AI post-processing of its photos
 - It involves the camera detecting faces and separating them from their surroundings before editing them
 - Blurred backgrounds in portraits are also more accurate and feature a sharpening gradient
It's always exciting to see what technology smartphone manufacturers use to improve the images on their latest smartphones. Samsung, in its blog post, details the magic it uses to improve portraits captured on its phones in fair detail.
Behind the Snapshot S21 AI main1
The software uses masks to separate faces and enhance fine details / © Samsung
First of all, it's all about making faces look natural and a little bit out of the subject at the same time. To do this, the software detects the two faces of the subjects and separates them from the rest of the image for post-processing. Samsung then uses "natural enhancements" to tweak things like the eyes, hair, face shape, and white balance to create natural faces. Here, Samsung basically takes the same approach as it does with manual digital photo editing, which also uses masks to tweak only certain areas of the image.
Precise portrait mode with sharpness gradient
Masks are also about blurring backgrounds. It's been a trend in camera smartphones for a few years now to mimic the depth of field of portrait lenses with a small open aperture, and in fact it worked very well in my review of the Galaxy S21+. For portraits, Samsung takes advantage of the depth information gained from the Time-of-Flight sensor on the S21 Ultra and the additional and slightly differently positioned cameras on the S21+.
As with the faces in the first example, Samsung's camera software creates a mask and then optimizes the transition between subject and background. By using a tri-mask consisting of background, subject and the area of transition, Samsung can also identify hair with greater accuracy and omit it when blurring.
Hauswand Portraet Galaxy S21 Plus
Even though Samsung messes up the bars on the left side of the image, the sharpness gradient is killer! / © NextPit
At the same time, the software segments subjects if they are at different distances from the camera. This explains the quite natural-looking sharpness gradient you can see in my test photo of the Galaxy S21.
Source: Samsung
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text:
How come my SetFocus or other Window command isn't finding the correct window?
This could be for a variety of reasons:
1. Make sure you have the correct window title - use Tools/View System Windows to get a list of all windows currently in your system.
2. If you are specifying a wild card be sure to be as specific as possible as there could be some hidden or child windows with the same string in their title. Be sure to read the help file to understand the way the wildcard works.
3. Perhaps your script is finding a child window which you can't see on the screen. Try setting WF_TYPE to 0 to ignore child windows (LET>WF_TYPE=0).


Health Canada is warning parents and caregivers to get rid of a popular old toy that is no longer considered safe after the recent choking death of an infant.
The department says Fisher-Price Little People toys made before 1991 are a choking risk for small children and should be discarded in a way that ensures they aren't re-used or resold.
The company changed the design of the popular toys in 1991 after seven deaths and one serious injury in children under three who had choked on the little figurines.
The newer style is chunkier and too big to go down the throat of a young child.
Health Canada issued the warning after recently learning of a death of a 10-month-old child who had been playing with one of the old-style Little People toys.
The death occurred after an older "Little People" figure became lodged in the child's throat. This incident has brought attention to the fact that these products are still used in play in Canadian households. Additionally, these products continue to be sold in some second-hand retail establishments (including internet retailers and resellers).
The older toys are about two centimetres in diameter, while the newer ones are about three centimetres wide, as well as being taller and chunkier.
Fisher-Price launched a public information campaign in 1992, entitled the "Family Alert Program," in response to reports of seven fatalities and one serious injury related to the use of these figures by children under the age of three.
With files from CBC News


Adding Push Notification
The Thing-IF SDK uses the push notification for receiving the response from the things. For iOS, Kii Cloud provides the push notification via Apple Push Notification service (APNs). You need to make some APNs-related configuration and prepare your build environment besides configuring Kii Cloud.
See Overview of the Push Technology for iOS for the technical overview of APNs.
Initialization of push notification is not required if your mobile app does not manage end nodes but only the gateway which interacts with Thing Interaction Framework.
By following the description in this page, you will be ready to receive push notifications from Kii Cloud.
Setting up
You need to complete various configurations in order to enable push notification with APNs. Kii recommends you to follow the instructions in the tutorial because such configurations and implementations of push notification are complicated.
First, in order to make push notification functional, follow the steps described in iOS Push Notification Tutorial to set up, implement, and test push notification. Skip the steps that you have already done such as integration of the Kii Cloud SDK into your development project. Choose Swift 2.3 in the tutorial because the Thing-IF SDK supports Swift 2.3 only.
After completing the above steps, go to Modification for Thing-IF.
The tutorial explains how to enable the feature in the development environment. You need to enable it in the production environment in a similar way before you release your mobile app. Also, note that the tutorial does not cover the instruction for integrating the Thing-IF SDK. You need to integrate the Thing-IF SDK to your project for the Thing-IF SDK features.
Modification for Thing-IF
Once you are done with the tutorial, we will remove lines that are unnecessary for mobile apps with the Thing-IF SDK. Replace the lines for device installation that use the Kii Cloud SDK API with those that use the Thing-IF SDK API. This is because the method for device installation is different between the two SDKs.
Remove the call of the KiiPushInstallation.installWithDeviceToken method from the application:didRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithDeviceToken: method in the AppDelegate class. The code below reflects the removal.
 let username = "user1"
 let password = "123ABC"
 KiiUser.authenticate(username, withPassword: password) { (user: KiiUser?, error: NSError?) -> Void in
 if (error!= nil) {
 print("Failed to authenticate: \(error!.userInfo["description"])")
Leave the sample code as the above for now. We will insert the API call for Thing-IF later. See Installing a device in the Initializing and Onboarding topic for more information.
Also, according to the specification of your mobile app, rewrite the login processing that uses user1 for testing. The sample code in the Initializing and Onboarding topic uses a pseudo user as a thing owner. If you implement a login screen where an explicit owner user logs in, move the above login processing to the processing class of the login screen. Also, update the program structure so that you can use deviceToken that contains the device token from APNs after the owner logs in.
Customizing a push notification
Some of the APIs used in the initialization of push notification are iOS APIs. They do not depend on Kii Cloud.
You can also customize the way that push notification works by using the APNs features such as categories. For implementation, see Initializing APNs in the push notification topic for the Kii Cloud SDK.


Why South Koreans are two years older at home than they are abroad
Lee Dong Kil's daughter Lee Yoon Seol celebrates the 100th day of her birth in Daejeon, South Korea Credit: Ahn Young-joon/AP
People living in South Korea have two ages - but that could be set to change.
A politician in the ultra-modern Asian country is working to overturn a centuries-old tradition which sees babies become one-year-old on the day of their birth - and then get an additional year tacked on when the calendar hits January 1.
The move comes amid complaints the system is an anachronistic, time-wasting custom which drags down an otherwise forward thinking nation.
For parents whose babies are born in December, it can be especially painful.
One hour after his daughter's birth in the central city of Daejeon at 10pm on December 31 of last year, Lee Dong Kil posted the news on social media.
Lee Dong Kil holds his daughter Lee Yoon Seol as his wife Ryu Da Gyeong sits at their house in Daejeon Credit: Ahn Young-joon/AP
His friends immediately showered him with congratulatory messages.
"An hour later, when the new year began, they phoned me again to say congratulations for my baby becoming two years old," said Mr Lee, who is 32 internationally but 34 in South Korea.
"I thought, 'Ah, right. She's now two years old, though it's been only two hours since she was born. What the heck!'"
 - Why does South Korea use the strange age system?
The origins of the traditional age reckoning system are not clear.
Being one-year-old at birth may be linked to the time a baby spends in its mothers' womb or to an ancient Asian numerical system that did not have the concept of zero.
Becoming a year older on January 1 is even harder to explain.
It could be that ancient Koreans cared a lot about the year in which they were born in the Chinese 60-year cycle but, without regular calendars, did not care much about the specific day they were born; so they mostly ignored the day of their birth and instead marked another year of age on the day of the Lunar New Year, according to senior curator Jung Yonhak, at the National Folk Museum of Korea.
This may have then shifted to the solar new year on January 1 as the South began embracing the Western calendar.
 - Is South Korea the only country to use the system?
South Koreans use the system in daily life - including when it comes to dating. Credit: AP
Perhaps unsurprisingly, yes.
Neighbouring North Korea uses the Western age calculating system, but they have a twist: they follow their own calendar based on the birth of national founder and president-for-life Kim Il Sung.
The year of your birth is still incredibly important in South Korea and lumps linked children together for life, for example through education.
Other Asian countries, including Japan and Vietnam, abandoned the Chinese-style age system amid an influx of Western culture.
Officially, South Korea has used Western-style calculations since the early 1960s.
But its citizens still embrace the old-fashioned system in their daily lives because the government has done little to get people to change over to the Western style.
Most South Koreans are simply accustomed to living with two ages.
Read more: 'New significant technical issues' found in Huawei technology
Lee Dong Kil with his wife and daughter Credit: Ahn Young-joon/AP
 - How do people celebrate the anniversary of their birth?
People do not hold massive joint birthday parties on New Year's Day; they just celebrate their birthday on the days they were born.
Young people consider themselves another year old on solar New Year's Day (January 1) while older people often use the Lunar New Year's Day.
Many family restaurants do not charge babies if they are 36 months old or younger, so parents often calculate their babies' ages under the Western method when they are dining out.
Some South Koreans still worry that the practice makes their nation look odd on the international stage.
Read more: South Korea and US to end springtime military drills to back diplomacy
South Korean women in traditional attire in the nation's capital, Seoul. Credit: AP
 - What does it mean for people from abroad?
Many foreign journalists in Seoul ask Koreans what year and month they were born to calculate their Western age for news stories.
There are also some who say the concept of "Korean age" encourages a fixation on age-based social standing in this seniority-based country.
In South Korea, those born in the same year often treat each other as equals, while people must use honorific titles to address those born earlier, rather than directly using their names.
Ahn Chang-gun, from the south-eastern city of Gimhae, said he felt "empty" when his first child became two on January 1 2013, about two weeks after his wife delivered him after eight years of marriage.
"He was this precious baby that we finally had, but I felt that all of a sudden two years had just gone by and yet I hadn't done anything for my baby," said Mr Ahn.
Read more: Thousands angle for glory at South Korean ice fishing festival
Seo Hyo Sun was upset when her baby was born early and became two just 48 hours later/ Credit: Lee Jin-man/AP
Parents whose babies are born in December often worry about their children falling behind others born earlier in the same year, though worries gradually disappear as their children age.
When Seo Hyo Sun, from Buchon, just west of Seoul, was taken to hospital to get a caesarean section on December 29, she could not stop weeping because her baby's due date was supposed to be January 7.
"Tears kept flowing. … My doctor told me the baby wanted to come out today so let's just celebrate," said Ms Seo, 31 in international age.
"When I awoke from my anaesthesia, I felt really grateful … because my baby was born healthy. That was enough."
 - How is South Korea planning to change the age system?
In January, politician Hwang Ju-hong tabled a bill aimed at requiring the government to put international ages in official documents and encouraging citizens to go with their international ages in everyday life.
It is the first legislative attempt to abolish "Korean age".
"It is aimed at resolving confusion and inefficiency caused by the mixed use of age-counting systems," Hwang said in the proposed legislation.
Hwang's office said a parliamentary committee discussion and a public hearing on the issue are expected in coming months.
Choi Min Kyung says the age system isn't such a bad thing after all. Credit: Ahn Young-joon/AP
Surveys in recent years showed more South Koreans supported international age though it was not clear how seriously they wanted a change.
"If we use international age, things could get more complicated because it's a society that cares so much about which year you were born," said Lim KyoungJae, 46, head of the Seoul-based Miko Travel agency.
"We should also definitely count the time of a baby being conceived and growing in its mother's womb."
Mr Lim's employee Choi Min Kyung, who is 26 internationally and 28 in South Korea, disagreed.
"It's good to be two years younger … (especially) when you meet men" on blind dates, Ms Choi said with a laugh.
"There is a big difference between 26 and 28."


text:
Viper uses G-Force.
|Description||Utilize gravity's pull to swing sword harder.|
Viper charges at the target and slices them with his weapon. He then hops into the air, swings his sword, and crashes down on the target's head. The resulting blow cascades in a fountain of yellow and white sparks.
G Force is a scientific term used to describe the rate at which an object accelerates as it falls. In this tech, Viper exploits this gravitational momentum to unleash more powerful blows.


text:
Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4
DRAG Cost is the amount of money by which expected project profit is reduced due to the delay of performing a critical path activity, or other critical path delay factor such as a schedule lag or scheduling constraint. DRAG Cost is the sum of two factors:
- A reduction in a project's expected monetary value due to acceleration premium or delay cost caused by the DRAG of a critical path activity or delay.
- An increase in a project's cost due to the project's indirect costs being extended due to a DRAG amount.
DRAG Cost computation is a useful technique for justifying additional project resources. For example, if an activity's DRAG Cost is $50,000 (based on ten days at $5,000 each), but duration compression could reduce the DRAG to five days through the addition of a resource costing a total of $10,000, the additional resource expense would be more than justified.
Just as DRAG is only found on critical path activities and delays, the same is true of DRAG Cost. DRAG Cost is a key component in computing an activity's "true cost of work".


text:
The wintertime is great for shooting photos for your gallery or social media. The winter snow falling on the ground and stacking up on the trees can be a beautiful sight.
However, you have to be lucky to find some snow falling and ensure it doesn't damage your camera's batteries.
If you're an influencer or Instagram model it can be difficult to look your best in the winter season with risks of dried skin and frostbite.
So, how do you add a realistic snowing effect even when it's not actually snowing?
How to add snow to a photo using Bunnypic
Fortunately, we have developed Bunnypic. An online Photoshop tool that has similar features to Photoshop that is free-to-use and requires no sign-up.
In this article, we'll look at how to add a realistic snowing effect to your photos using Bunnypic.
1. Open your image in Bunnypic
Go to the Bunnypic editor and click on Open from computer and select the image you want to add snow to.
2. Create a new layer
Next, we'll create a new layer on which we will add the snow effect.
- Go to Layer > New Layer or press CTRL+SHIFT+N.
- Double-click the layer under the Layers panel and rename it to "snow".
- Next, we'll color it black. Do this by going to Edit > Fill and select Black.
- With the new layer now black, click OK.
3. Add Noise filter
Now that the document is set up we can start adding snow to the image.
To do this we need to add the noise filter:
- With the "snow" layer selected go to Filter > Noise >Add Noise.
- Set the amount around 20-30%, set the distribution to Gaussian and check Monochromatic.
- Once done, click OK.
This will have your document looking like this:
This grain effect is going to act as our snow however, the dots are too small.
4. Scale the noise filter
We will increase the size of the noise filter by using the scale option in Bunnypic.
- Go to Edit > Transform > Scale.
- On the top menu bar change the width (W) and height (H) of the image from 100% to 400%.
- Click the Tick icon to save your changes.
Now, our snow layer is looking much better.
5. Cropping the excess snow
When we scaled up the noise in our snow layer it also increased the size of the layer as well. To see how much excess hidden snow we have:
- Select the Move tool from the left toolbar.
- On the top bar click on Transform controls.
- Zoom out of the image using the Zoom tool or pressing CTRL+ "-" till you see the edges of your selection.
You can see that there is a lot of hidden snow in our document.
All this excess is going to be added to your final document which will increase the file size. To remove this excess we need to crop the layer.
Firstly, deselect the image by unchecking the Transform controls and zooming in on your photo. Zoom in by going to View > Fit on screen or press CTRL+0.
To crop the layer:
- Go to Select > All or press CTRL+A. This will select everything on the layer.
- With everything selected, go to Image > Crop to crop the image.
- Now, deselect the layer by going to Select > Deselect or press CTRL+D.
Your photo is now cropped to normal size. You can confirm this by selecting the Move tool and clicking transform controls. The boundaries of the image should appear on the ends of the snow layer.
6. Convert the layer into a Smart Object
We'll convert the snow layer to a smart object so we can edit it later if needed.
With the snow layer selected, go to Layer > Smart Object > Convert to Smart Object.
7. Blend the layers together
Next, we want to blend the snow layer with the original image.
To do this go to blending mode under the layers panel and set the blending mode to Screen.
This will hide all the black color from the layer and give a snowing effect.
8. Add Motion Blur
Till now our photo is looking great but the snow is not realistic as it doesn't give the falling effect. We need to give the snow some "motion" and to do this we will use the motion blur filter.
To add the motion blur filter:
- Go to Filter > Blur > Motion Blur.
- Adjust the distance and angle of the blur. The distance increases the amount of blur and the angle determines the direction of the blur.
- Once you're happy with the blur Click OK.
In this image the distance is 14px and the angle is -44 to give it a more realistic effect.
Adding a snow effect to your photos can really brighten them up. However, when it's not snowing it can be difficult to get those beautiful cinematic shots.
Thankfully, our free online editor, Bunnypic is great for adding a realistic snowing effect to your photos without Photoshop.


Teco Motor Oscillations
Description of the problem:
My Teco motor is oscillating back and forth (humming / screeching).
Try changing the notch filter parameter inside the Teco drives to reduce harmonics.
 1. Press the [Mode] button until you see CN001
 2. Use the up and down arrow keys to set it to CN013
 3. Hold down the [Enter] key until the drive enters the parameter
 Note: Start by setting it to 500. Adjust by 50 at a time. You can use any value from 0-1000.
 4. After you update the parameter, hold down [Enter] again until it goes back to CN013.
 5. Then cycle power to the drive and your setting will be updated
 6. Continue adjusting the parameter until the oscillations cease
Note - This is for reference only, not to be used unless specific instruction is given: CN014 can be widened (lowered) to allow greater range of acceptance for positioning. This will directly affect CN013 setting and should not be used until CN013 adjustments are proven to not be enough tolerance for the application.


text:
Text description provided by the architects. St. Joseph is a concrete form to be made habitable independent of the building site. The concrete shell is placed at the edge of the remainder of a plain along the Danube floodplains. Its basic measurements are 615 cm by 620 cm by 2230 cm. The concrete form is set on 4 supports – one one-legged element, two two-legged elements and one three-legged element. Its distance from the ground ranges from 120 cm to 210 cm.
A second form, soft, white and independent of the outer shell, is set within the concrete shell. The white form opens up and programs – makes habitable, if you wish – the concrete shell's inner area, which is 2165 cm long and approx. 515 cm high. These are two interleaved forms, each with a different hardness and materiality.


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 - Home
 - Resources
 - How much does it cost to claim against an estate?
How much does it cost to claim against an estate?
In Queensland, there was a perception for a long time that the estate covered the costs for both the successful and unsuccessful parties when claiming against the estate. This is not necessarily the case.
In most instances, the estate covers the costs of the successful party, and in some cases, the unsuccessful party has to pay the legal costs to the estate, but this isn't always the case. In Queensland, the issue of costs is at the discretion of the court. The Court will often discourage a claim if it feels the estate is too small and encourages it to be settled out of court. This prevents the estate from being eroded by legal fees, which can happen if the matter needs to be settled in the court system.
Recent cases in Queensland have seen The Court take the conduct of the claimant into consideration when awarding costs rather than just whether they were successful or not.
It is important to follow the correct process when claiming against an estate. If you have further questions on how to make a claim against an estate click here.
We provide a detailed analysis of your claim before commencing proceedings, so you are fully aware of your legal position and potential costs involved. If you would like more information on this important subject, please contact us.


text:
Final goods Definition
In economics Final goods are goods that are ultimately consumed rather than used in the production of another good. For example, a car sold to a consumer is a final good; the components such as tires sold to the car manufacturer are not; they are intermediate goods used to make the final good.
When used in measures of national income and output the term Final goods only includes new goods. For instance, the GDP excludes items counted in an earlier year to prevent double counting of production based on resales of the same item second and third hand.
Consumer goods are exactly the same as final goods, but with the subtle difference that they are specifically intended for the mass market. For instance, consumer goods do not include investment assets, like precious antiques, even though these items are final goods.


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The Invisible Plane was Wonder Woman's primary mode of transportation for long distance travel.
Wonder Woman's first plane was a product of the Lansinarian Morphing Disk, gifted to her by the Lansinarians. The subterranean technology could transform into a number of transparent items, and both Diana and Hippolyta used it to create a plane during their tenures as Wonder Woman. The disc eventually lost sentience, and was locked in plane shape. It was, however, nonfunctioning.
- Invisible missiles
- In Wonder Woman '77 Meets the Bionic Woman, Diana refers to the plane in the female, using the pronoun "she".
- Appearances of Wonder Woman's Invisible Plane
- Vehicle Gallery: Wonder Woman's Invisible Plane
- Catalogued images related to Wonder Woman's Invisible Plane


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The Emigrant Register was established in 1989 as a service for genealogists
and the descendants of Finnish emigrants.The foundation of the Register was a
part of the Delaware 350 Anniversary, to commemorate the beginning of Finnish
Emigration to North America. Sources include passport records (from the year
1890 up to 1920), passenger records of the Finnish Steamship Company (from the
year 1892 up to 1950) and information on Finns deceased abroad (from 1918 up to
1950). The Register receives a large number of enquiries from
abroad as well as from Finland.


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Evidence for compromised metabolic function and limited glucose uptake in spermatazoa form the teratospermic domestic cat (Felis catus) and cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus)Scientific Papers
Cheetahs and certain other felids consistently ejaculate high proportions (≥ 60%) of malformed spermatozoa, a condition known as teratospermia, which is prevalent in humans. Even seemingly normal spermatozoa from domestic cat teratospermic ejaculates have reduced fertilizing capacity. To understand the role of sperm metabolism in this phenomenon, we conducted a comparative study in the normospermic domestic cat versus the teratospermic cat and cheetah with the general hypothesis that sperm metabolic function is impaired in males producing predominantly pleiomorphic spermatozoa. Washed ejaculates were incubated in chemically defined medium containing glucose and pyruvate. Uptake of glucose and pyruvate and production of lactate were assessed using enzyme-linked fluorescence assays. Spermatozoa from domestic cats and cheetahs exhibited similar metabolic profiles, with minimal glucose metabolism and approximately equimolar rates of pyruvate uptake and lactate production. Compared to normospermic counterparts, pyruvate and lactate metabolism were reduced in teratospermic cat and cheetah ejaculates, even when controlling for sperm motility. Rates of pyruvate and lactate (but not glucose) metabolism were correlated positively with sperm motility, acrosomal integrity, and normal morphology. Collectively, our findings reveal that pyruvate uptake and lactate production are reliable, quantitative indicators of sperm quality in these two felid species and that metabolic function is impaired in teratospermic ejaculates. Furthermore, patterns of substrate utilization are conserved between these species, including the unexpected lack of exogenous glucose metabolism. Because glycolysis is required to support sperm motility and capacitation in certain other mammals (including dogs), the activity of this pathway in felid spermatozoa is a target for future investigation.


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Colombian handicraft (Spanish: artesanía colombiana) history can be traced back to the stone age to the lithic instruments in El Abra stadial. Some of the first pottery samples known in Colombia were found in the Neolithic 3 — Pottery Neolithic (PN) Zipacón settlements. The earliest examples of goldwork have been attributed to the Tumaco people of the Pacific coast and date to around 325 BCE. Gold would play a pivotal role in luring the Spanish to the area now called Colombia during the 16th century (See: El Dorado).
Colombian arts and crafts can be categorised into two major divisions:
Ruana garments and pottery ornaments in Ráquira
patina products, puzzle toys, macramé (knot crafts), fique products, leather products, modern silver jewellery gift ware, decorative items, dolls & puppets, bead Crafts, bone & horn pharoducts, natural buttons etc. are some of the modern forms of Colombian handicrafts.
Here you can share your comments or contribute with more information, content, resources or links about this topic.


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Lab Write Up Essay Sample
- Word count: 754
- Category: biology
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Lab Write Up Essay Sample
The tooth formula is a shorthand technique that biologist use to keep track of the teeth on a particular jaw. The formula consisted of two lines, top jaw and bottom jaw, which were used to count how many incisors, canines, premolars, and molar teeth a species had. Species A, Odocoileus virginiaus (white-tailed deer), had a tooth formula of 0033/3133. On the top jaw, the deer had zero incisor and canine teeth but have three of both the premolars and molars. On the bottom jaw, the deer had three incisors, one canine, three premolars, and three molars. Species B, Canis latrans (coyote), had a tooth formula of 3142/3143.
On the top jaw, the coyote had three incisors, one canine, four premolars, and two molars. On the bottom jaw, the coyote has three incisors, one canine, four premolars, and three molars. Both the deer and coyote skull were long and skinny towards the nose and mouth.
The coyote skull had a much rounder nose than the deer. Species C, Homo sapiens (human), had a tooth formula of 2122/2122. On both the top and bottom jaws, there were two incisors, one canine, two premolars, and two molars. In comparison to the deer and coyote skull, the human was an outcast. The human skull was a short distance from the back of the skull to the front. The human skull was very different in bone structure and longer in height than the deer and coyote skulls.
The tooth width from the deer, coyote, and human had a wide range in variety (Figure 1). There was a direct relationship between premolars one and two
Figure 1. Different tooth types in deer, coyote, and human compared by tooth width (cm). using the deer and human. The coyote had much smaller premolars than the deer and human. Figure 1 shows how similar the tooth width of a deer and coyote are. The cusps on the molars were very similar between the coyote and the human. The coyote and human molar cusps were very similar in molars one and two.
In Figure 1, the human and coyote tooth width are almost displayed the same. On molar three, the cusp sizes were very similar between the deer and coyote. The jaw length of a deer, 6.151 cm, is closest to a coyote, 5.507 cm, making the molars towards the back of the jaw more similar to each other than humans. Figure 1 gives a visual on the numbers for data and comparisons.
The tooth sharpness of each animal depended on the type of diet each animal had (Figure 2). The premolars had a linear pattern between the three animals.
Figure 2: Different tooth types of deer, coyote, and humans compared by tooth sharpness (deg.). Coyote's had the sharpest premolars, deer's in-between, and human's with the dullest premolars. Figure 2 compares the degrees of each premolar and each time, the pattern was followed. The molars had no relationship between each animal. Molar one cusp one and two are most closely related in both deer and humans. Molar two cusps one and two are most closely related to deer and human out of the three animals.
The cusps were similar but have about a ten-degree sharpness difference. The molars and cusps human's and deer's and human's were similar but have about a twelve-degree difference between sharpness. In the second molar of the human, the cusps were less sharp than the deer. Figure 2 displays that there was no pattern between the molars of the three animals.
Taking the calculated number of tooth width and dividing it by the matching jaw length found relative tooth width (Figure 3). Relative tooth width displays the tooth width relative to the length of the jaw. The jaw length of a deer was 6.151 cm,
Figure 3: Displays three different animals and how their tooth width is related to their jaw length. which was the longest jaw out of all species compared in this experiment. The coyote had a jaw length of 5.507cm while the human had a jaw length of 2.932 cm. Premolar one of the deer was most similar to the coyote. Premolar's 1, 2, and 3 were in proportion between the human and deer. The relative tooth width of the deer was very close in range while the coyote was not. By looking at Figure 3, this can be determined. The human has the highest relative tooth width out of the three species being compared.


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A NEW Monash University study aims to tackle rural obesity in young women.Monash University women's health researcher Cate Lombard is leading the study, which is set to focus on preventing weight gain rather than treating obesity.
The large-scale research is targeting 900 women aged between 18 and 50 living in 42 small rural communities across Victoria.
And will focus on participants changing their lifestyle and developing a low-cost program that helps women avoid putting on weight.
It's estimated 60 per cent of Australian women are overweight and those in their 20s and 30s are gaining weight faster than other age groups.
"They are often unaware that their yearly weight gain is having a major impact on their health," Dr Lombard said.
"Young women living in rural communities may be at an even higher risk."
Participants will attend a healthy lifestyle information session held locally and report on progress in two years.
Those interested in participating can email _EMAIL_.


How Employee Voice and Recognition Boosted Engagement at Bayhealth
How employee voice and recognition boosted engagement at Bayhealth
Taking a clue from their adage to strengthen the health of their communities one life at a time, Bayhealth prioritized the strength of their teams with a strategic focus on employee voice and recognition, and the goal of improving engagement.
For all organizations, improving a culture of approval is critical to driving the booking needed to succeed. In fact, according to the Brandon Hall Group's 2020 Culture of Recognition report, organizations that rate their culture of recognition highly are 2. 5x more likely to see increased hire engagement–a known outcome of frequent and meaningful approval.
Here's how Bayhealth, Delaware's largest not-for-profit healthcare system with 4,000 hires, encouraged a culture of acceptance and boosted action across the organization.
Turning top-down recognition into greater transparency
Grappling with outdated approval traditions that were siloed and without discernible significance, Bayhealth departed in search of a new mixture. They needed a platform that would take them from handwritten notes committed from overseer to employee, to a dynamic tech-forward solution that was easy to use, allowed for transparency across the organization, and altered their growing–and largely mobile–workforce.
Understanding that their employees too required recognition that was in-the-moment, two-way and technology-focused, Bayhealth opted to partner with Achievers, the chairwoman in acceptance and wages technology.
Using Achievers Employee Success Platform, Bayhealth launched their new recognition curriculum and appointed it Driven–a testament to their commitment to doing, and being, better. Upon its launch, Driven began to move the needle on engagement in a big way.
Previously among the lowest values on their date cross-examine, acknowledgment at Bayhealth met a. 11 stage mount to 3.79( on a scale of 1-5) in the first year of their program. Similarly, changes to the frequency and opennes of peer-to-peer identifications impacted action values, rapidly moving them out of the bottom quarter of the industry average, where they previous seat. These chassis and their real impact on the organization are largely attributed to the enthusiastic adoption of their Achievers program among Bayhealth employees. Despite being a primarily portable personnel, works were agitated and interested to recognize and reward their peers and interact with the recognitions of others employing the platform's mobile and social capabilities.
98 percent of Bayhealth works have activated their planned accounting and 84 percentage are using the programme monthly
Implementing easy ways to recognize and has an influence
90 percent of workers say that when they receive approval, it causes them to work harder. While optimal hire accomplishment was something that Bayhealth strived for, they understood that the positive effects of recognition went beyond merely laborer output.
To Bayhealth, acknowledgment is not only about the employee, it was about the customer–or in such cases, the patient. The society understood matters by aligning its values with actions that drive improved employee booking and performance, the patient experience could be positively affected.
Using the robust reporting capabilities in the Achievers platform, supervisors at Bayhealth were able to find brand-new and artistic ways to recognize their teams in times that would have maximum significance. For instance, Bayhealth's chief nurse detective captured "great catches" each day and shared the good news tales and recognitions during safe huddles. This public recognition was two-fold: it aroused a culture of recognition and reinforced Bayhealth's focus on patient safety.
Leveling up hire listening
To genuinely make their employee engagement to the next grade, Bayhealth chose to complement their acceptance planned with Achievers Listen, Achievers' dynamic work expres solution.
Seamlessly integrated with their Driven program, Listen lets Bayhealth to uncover how hires feel about the performance of their duties and why, in the moments that matter most to them. Bayhealth can now tap into real-time feedback with Listen's Check-Ins feature and gathering a robust and timely given of insights through its frequent Pulse examinations. This approach has allowed them to understand engagement at different points throughout the year and accomplish awfully change by addressing employee concerns as they arise.
Using their hire feedback and data-driven insights from Listen, commanders at Bayhealth are able to take action and upshot positive change that drives engagement across their teams. When it comes to feeling heard, 90 percent of workers say that they are more likely to stay at a company that takes and acts on feedback. That's an important figure for organizations like Bayhealth that want to keep their immense talent.
Seem forward with a 360 thought
By pairing two dynamic technologies together, Bayhealth is empowered with a holistic 360 -degree view of their hire ordeal. Armed with real-time feedback and a program supported by science, they continue to bolster commitment across the organization.
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History of Chile during the Parliamentary Era (1891–1925)
History Of Chile During The Parliamentary Era (1891–1925)
History of Chile during the Parliamentary Era (1891–1925)
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The Parliamentary Era in Chile began in 1891, at the end of the Civil War, and spanned until 1925 and the establishment of the 1925 Constitution. Also called "pseudo-parliamentary" period or "Parliamentary Republic", this period was thus named because it established a quasi-parliamentary system based on the interpretation of the 1833 Constitution following the defeat of President José Manuel Balmaceda during the Civil War. As opposed to a "true parliamentary" system, the executive was subject to the legislative but checks and balances of executive over the legislature were weakened. The President remained the head of state but its powers and control of the government were reduced. The Parliamentary Republic lasted until the 1925 Constitution drafted by President Arturo Alessandri and his minister José Maza. The new Constitution created a presidential system, which lasted, with several modifications, until the 1973 coup d'état. In the late 19th century and early 20th Chile temporary resolved its border disputes with Argentina with the Puna de Atacama Lawsuit of 1899, the Boundary treaty of 1881 between Chile and Argentina and the 1902 General Treaty of Arbitration.
The pseudo-parliamentary system was established in Chile following José Manuel Balmaceda's defeat in the 1891 Civil War. Whereas in a complete parliamentary system the chief of government is designed by the parliamentary majority, and usually belongs to it, the...
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From a total population of 88,975, Westminster has a median age of 40. The average age of males, in Westminster, is 39.1 while the average age of females is 40.6. When you compare this to median age of California, Westminster is 4.4 years older.
The median income of individuals, in Westminster, is $22,821 while the average household income is $53,660. When comparing the median income of people living in Westminster to the rest of California, the average income in Westminster is $7,085 less.


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I am trying to do a classification exercise on email docs (strings containing words).
I defined the distance function as following:
def distance(wordset1, wordset2):
if len(wordset1) < len(wordset2):
return len(wordset2) - len(wordset1)
elif len(wordset1) > len(wordset2):
return len(wordset1) - len(wordset2)
elif len(wordset1) == len(wordset2):
You didn't mention the type of
wordset2. I'll assume they are both
You defined your distance as the word counting and got a bad score. It's obvious text length is not a good dissimilarity measure: two emails with different sizes can talk about the same thing, while two emails of same size be talking about completely different things.
So, as suggested above, you could try and check for SIMILAR WORDS instead:
import numpy as np def distance(wordset1, wordset2): wordset1 = set(wordset1.split()) wordset2 = set(wordset2.split()) common_words = wordset1 & wordset2 if common_words: return 1 / len(common_words) else: # They don't share any word. They are infinitely different. return np.inf
The problem with that is that two big emails are more likely to share words than two small ones, and this metric would favor those, making them "more similar to each other" in comparison to the small ones. How do we solve this? Well, we normalize the metric somehow:
import numpy as np def distance(wordset1, wordset2): wordset1 = set(wordset1.split()) wordset2 = set(wordset2.split()) common_words = wordset1 & wordset2 if common_words: # The distance, normalized by the total # number of different words in the emails. return 1 / len(common_words) / (len(wordset1 | wordset2)) else: # They don't share any word. They are infinitely different. return np.inf
This seems cool, but completely ignores the FREQUENCY of the words. To account for this, we can use the Bag-of-words model. That is, create a list of all possible words and histogram their appearance in each document. Let's use CountVectorizer implementation from scikit-learn to make our job eaiser:
from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import CountVectorizer def distance(wordset1, wordset2): model = CountVectorizer() X = model.fit_transform([wordset1, wordset2]).toarray() # uses Euclidean distance between bags. return np.linalg.norm(X - X)
But now consider two pairs of emails. The emails in the first pair are composed by perfectly written English, full of "small" words (e.g.
that) necessary for it to be grammatically correct. The emails in the second pair are different: only containing the keywords, it's extremely dry. You see, chances are the first pair will be more similar than the second one. That happens because we are currently accounting for all words the same, while we should be prioritizing the MEANINGFUL words in each text. To do that, let's use term frequency–inverse document frequency. Luckly, there's a very similar implementation in scikit-learn:
from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import TfidfVectorizer def distance(wordset1, wordset2): model = TfidfVectorizer() X = model.fit_transform([wordset1, wordset2]).toarray() similarity_matrix = X.dot(X.T) # The dissimilarity between samples wordset1 and wordset2. return 1-similarity_matrix[0, 1]
Read more about this in this question. Also, duplicate?
You should now have a fairly good accuracy. Try it out. If it's still not as good as you want, then we have to go deeper... (get it? Because... Deep-learning). The first thing is that we need either a dataset to train over or an already trained model. That's required because networks have many parameters that MUST be adjusted in order to provide useful transformations.
What's been missing so far is UNDERSTANDING. We histogrammed the words, striping them from any context or meaning. Instead, let's keep them where they are and try to recognize blocks of patterns. How can this be done?
Let's use Keras to simply our lives. It should look something like this:
#... imports and params definitions model = Sequential([ Embedding(max_features, embedding_dims, input_length=maxlen, dropout=0.2), Convolution1D(nb_filter=nb_filter, filter_length=filter_length, border_mode='valid', activation='relu', subsample_length=1), MaxPooling1D(pool_length=model.output_shape), Flatten(), Dense(256, activation='relu'), ]) #... train or load model weights. def distance(wordset1, wordset2): global model # X =... # Embed both emails. X = sequence.pad_sequences(X, maxlen=maxlen) y = model.predict(X) # Euclidean distance between emails. return np.linalg.norm(y-y)
There's a practical example on sentence processing which you can check Keras github repo. Also, someone solves this exact same problem using a siamese recurrent network in this stackoverflow question.
Well, I hope this gives you some direction. :-)


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A couple. Two people one thinks should date, or likes that they do/did. Usually combines the two names to make a ship name
, i.e.:John+Karen=Jaren. Usually the boy's name goes first, however it is used. It can combine the last names to such as peazer+payne=payzer. A rare form of a ship name is one name inside another, such as louis+eleanor=elounor(i don't ship it). A ship is the couple. To ship something is to suppourt the ship. Shipping is when you create ships. Ships are most commonly used in fandoms
or with celebrities, but are also used for people you know. Also commonly used for fictional characters.


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A Rework Loop is a situation where a step in a process is repeated in order to correct a defect; also known as backtracking. Rework Loops are work that must be done over and over. They often become an accepted part of the process as people get used to them over time. To find Rework Loops, look for places where large amount of work move back in the process to be fixed.
Rework Loops are Non-Value Adding Activities and are undesirable, as they add to cost and cycle time.


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|Spend the time||outdoors|
|Location||Vermont and Northern New Hampshire|
Your own senses.
Community of Observers
Get to know the nature of YOUR world! The Fairbanks Community of Observers is to encourage greater public clarity around environmental indicators of climate change in Vermont and northern New Hampshire. Using the website developed by the Fairbanks Museum, we'll collect your quantitative data focused on the life cycles of specific birds, butterflies and wildflowers that are sensitive to environmental change as well as seasonal weather data that is characteristic to our region.
The Community of Observers is for individuals, families, clubs, groups and schools. It is designed to encourage citizen scientists to gain a deeper understanding of the cycles and patterns that characterize our region through the seasons, and how the habitats that depend on these cycles might be affected by global climate shifts.


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WEIGHT: 59 kg
Sex services: French Kissing, BDSM, Facial, Fisting vaginal, Uniforms
Prostitution in France the exchange of sexual acts for money was legal until April, but several surrounding activities were illegal, like operating a brothel, living off the avails pimping, and paying for sex with someone under the age of 18 the age of consent for sex is In the Napoleonic era, France became the model for the regulatory approach to prostitution.
In the 20th century, however, a policy shift became apparent. Brothels became illegal in, and France signed the Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons and of the Exploitation of the Prostitution of Others in France thus became a major supporter of the international abolitionist movement for the eradication of prostitution see Abolitionism in France.
Prostitutes were not marginalized, but integrated into society where they had a role to play. In stories which were often ribald, prostitutes would be complicit with other women in avenging men. The great Cathedral of Chartres had a window endowed by prostitutes The Prodigal Son in the same way as other windows were endowed by various other trade guilds The Trade Windows.
During the Middle Ages, the various authorities, civil or noble, oversaw prostitution as an institution. Charlemagne AD was amongst those rulers who attempted to suppress prostitution, declaring flogging lashes as a punishment in his capitularies. This was primarily aimed at the common man, since harems and concubines were common amongst the ruling classes.
Some idea of the seriousness with which the state regarded the offense is provided by the fact that lashes was the severest sentence prescribed by the Code Alaric.


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"How many days until our trip?" and "When are we going to Disney World?" are questions you are likely to hear again and again as soon as you let your family know you are planning a Disney vacation. Having a way to count the days can make it easier on everyone — kids can check the number of days at a glance, and mom and dad won't have to answer the same question each day. Read on for some great countdown ideas, and enjoy the time leading up to your Disney vacation.
Mark the calendar: It sounds silly, but simply having the date marked on a calendar in plain view will help. Let the kids decorate the week with Mickey Mouse and Disney themed stickers, and post the calendar in a busy room like the kitchen. Older kids will be able to count the days, and little ones will be able to have a better visual of just "when" you are going as well.
Make a chain: Make an old fashioned paper chain using Disney themed papers (look in the scrapbook section of your local craft store for some great papers). Make one link for each day of your trip, and tear a link each night before you go to bed. If you have small children who are learning their numbers, count the links each night. Hang the chain in a visible area for a great visual reminder of just "how many days" are left.
Make a "thermometer": Draw or trace a thermometer image onto poster board, and color in a little each day, so that everyone can see at a glance how far off your trip is. You don't have to use a traditional thermometer — you can use Disney paper and cut any shape you'd like to represent your trip.
Fill a balloon: If you are feeling crafty, trace or print out a balloon shape onto poster board and hang it in a visible area. Use a Mickey Mouse paper punch to cut "Mickey Heads" from colorful paper. Cut one head for each day until your trip. Each day, attach another "head" with glue. When the balloon is full, it is time to go!