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Alaska Court RecordsEdit This Page
From FamilySearch Wiki
District courts had jurisdiction over all civil and criminal matters in Alaska before statehood. Federal district judges were appointed as early as 1884. The entire territory had only one district, administered by a judge in Sitka, until 1903, when three districts were created with judges at Juneau, Saint Michaels, and Eagle City. The fourth district was added in 1909, and the four seats were placed in Juneau, Nome, Valdez (moved to Anchorage in 1943), and Fairbanks.
The areas served by these districts are as follows:
- Juneau, District 1: Southeastern Alexander Archipelago and the cities of Ketchikan, Wrangell, Sitka, and Juneau.
- Nome, District 2: North, including Nome and Barrow.
- Anchorage, District 3: South, including Anchorage, Kodiak, and the Aleutian Islands.
- Fairbanks, District 4: Central, including Fairbanks, Bethel, and Toksook Bay.
Since 1959 district court jurisdiction has been limited to minor civil and criminal matters such as issuing marriage licenses and arrest warrants, hearing misdemeanor cases, and acting as the temporary custodian of the property of deceased persons.
A superior court, a supreme court, and magistrate courts have also served Alaska since 1959.
The Family History Library does not have copies of any court records from Alaska. The Alaska State Archives has most of the territorial court records (except probate records) for the first district and some for the second and fourth districts. The archives has the court journals but not the complete case files for the first district.
The case files of the first district, the records of the third district (1900-59), and some miscellaneous records of the other districts are at the National Archives—Alaska Region. Copies of documents not at these two archives can be obtained by writing to the appropriate local clerk's office.
- This page was last modified on 10 July 2012, at 21:35.
- This page has been accessed 829 times.
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Quimby - what does Quimby surname mean?
Recorded in the various spellings of Quimby, Quinby, Quenby, and Quemby, this is a locational English surname which originates from a village called Quenby in the county of Leicestershire. The village name and hence the surname is of 7th century Olde English origins, but with a later Danish-Viking overlap. The translation is from the words 'Cwene-berg' and means 'The Queen's Manor', although the 'berg' was later transmuted to the Danish 'bi' meaning farm. The first known official recording is that in the 1086 Domesday Book when it appears as 'Queneberie' becoming Quenby in the records of the year 1242. Who the original Queen was who held this manor is unknown, but no doubt it was associated with the kingdom of Mercia. The recordings of the surname are much later and like most locational surnames refer initially to the lord of the manor. Whether the later nameholders are decended from him or whether they assumed their name when they moved elsewhere from the village, can only be decided by a full genealogical survey. Early examples of the surname recording include Jane Quenby, who married William Beech at St George's chapel, Hanover Square, London, in 1791, but the first known all recordings is that of Ralph de Quenebi, in the Hundred Rolls of the county of Huntingdon, in the year 1272. This was during the reign of King Edward 1st, 1272 - 1307.
Get the Quimby surname meaning widget for your website!
Select and copy the text below in your website's code.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
ICTCRM Web Phone (WebRTC Agent)
ICTCRM brings another amazing feature for call centers and Agents support! Web Phone.
What is a WebPhone? and How does it help Agents?
A Web phone is WebRTC based phone that allow agents to receive calls only using their browsers, without any additional hardware or software.
ICTCRM offers integrated web phone for agents. Not only can it receive forwarded calls, but also enables agents to perform following actions.
- Load contact details in popup / CRM
- Load campaign script
- Call Transfer
- Set agent status Available / Unavailable
Campaign Dialogue / Scripts
Webphone lets you customize the campaign script/ dialogue. It provides you an option to display campaign script / dialogue for each prospect. Agents can use this functionality by creating campaigns with dialogue. You can create the dialogue by the following way:
1. Create Dialogue
- go to the Message menu,
- Choose Dialogue / Script menu
- Click Create new
Fill out all the fields and and click save
Note: User can make a dynamic / customized dialogue by using Tokens, to add tokens in dialogue please click on Show available tokens
2. Create agent campaign
ICTCRM provides integration of WebPhone in 2 Campaigns. It can be used with Agent and Interactive Campaigns.
To configure these campaigns you need to follow the steps below:
- Contact / CRM URL for popup
Contact / CRM URL for popup
You can utilize the webphone features in Interactive Campaigns and Agent Campaigns.
When using Web Phone, Agent and interactive campaigns can be configured to trigger a Popup on agent screen, the same URL should point some CRM or other contact provider app. URL can be configured in Contact URL field as shown in the following image, further user can also contact tokens to build contact url.
Creating your own Dialouge/Script can be done by a few setps now
Dialogues are specific to agents and interactive campaigns, in these campaigns an option of Dialogue / Script is given under General option section and user can select recently created dialogue here.
User can even access integrated webphone by selecting the desired extension from top Agent Panel dropdown
Set agent status
ICTCRM provides an option to change the status of Agent as well.
You can set the status of the agent by clicking status button. You can set the status either available or leave
Note: Only Available agent can receive forwarded calls
Transfering a call is not an issue now as call can be transfered to the desired extension by clicking the call transfer button and then selecting desired extension
You can view and edit prospect details by clicking on load contact.
Please note that it is different from popup URL. Instead of popup it will redirect current window to ICTCRM's internal contact record where user can edit / update it accordingly.
Keypad / DTMF
Handy keys are provided to the agent for operating webphone.
A List of useable key sequences that agent can use for different purposes is given below:
- For hangup press *0
- For call transfer press #1 and then enter target extension number alternatively (without pressing any key) agent can select target number from transfer drowdown button
- For attended call transfer press #2 followed by the target extension

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


how much water in a cubic foot of ice?
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Answered: Cubic Inches of Water in a Gallon
1 US gallon = 231 cubic inches I hope that helps
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Absolutely not! Even though Grace ice and water shield has a 5 year warranty, it only has a 30 day UV exposure rating (it can only be left exposed to sunlight for 30 days). Grace can be hard to find. These people have Grace pricing online and can ship you Grace in a few days: grace ice and water...
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Converting disttilled water to drinking water
Can a diver dive over 5000foot under water
If you are diving, Tahoe waters are over 5,000 feet in elevation, so be sure to check your dive tables for high altitude dive regulations.


US Department of Energy
Date of this Version
AIP Conf. Proc. #811, pp. 54-59 (2006)
High resolution photoelectron spectra of xenon clusters of about 100 atoms, measured with photon energies of 20 to 60 eV are reported. Peaks due to the clusters are observed at lower binding energies than the corresponding atomic lines and exhibit different behaviors. The peak associated with the Xe 5p1/2 state at higher binding energy is relatively unchanged with photon energy whereas the Xe 5p3/2 peak changes its shape with increasing photon energy. The change is attributed to differences in the escape depth of the electrons at different kinetic energies and the bulk and surface components of the cluster.


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Rural and remote social welfare practice: Differences and similarities in the Australian context
Professional distance and social work
The development of 'expert-ness': Rural practitioners and role boundaries
Understanding male domestic partner abusers
Whispers on the wind : The small quiet voice of rural health and welfare practice
Key influences on rural health and welfare service delivery : Lessons from the literature
Too close for comfort? : personal and professional role boundaries in rural health and welfare practice
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What is Foolsaurus?
Reserve replacement ratio
The reserve replacement ratio is the amount of new reserves found compared to the amount of oil produced.
Expanded Definition
Exploration and production companies use this to measure how new discoveries exceed (or fall short of) production. Let's say that for every barrel produced, a company wants to increase reserves by 1.5 (replacing the barrel produced plus another half a barrel). If the ratio falls below 1 : 1, then the company is using up its reserves. Percentages are also used to express this; if the number falls below 100%, then the company is using up its reserves.


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What does "Pochemuchka" mean?
Do you know someone who always has a question to ask? Someone who is always curious about something or the other, no matter what the topic at hand is. If you do, then you know someone who is referred to in Russian as a Pochemuchka (pronounced poh-cheh-moch-kah) – a person who asks too many questions. Curiosity is often a sign of intelligence. But remember, if you ask too many questions, you'll only find more questions, no answers!


The Pied Piper of Hamelin
In the town of Hamelin, the rich and greedy live like kings and queens while the poor and sick scavenge rubbish tips for scraps. A lame orphan boy tells the classic tale of how a plague of rats take over the town and how a fantastic piper offers to rid Hamelin of its rats for a single gold coin, then lures away the town's children when the greedy mayor breaks his word. Masterfully weaving contemporary social and environmental themes into a gripping tale, and celebrating it with breathtaking illustrations, former British Children's Laureate Michael Morpurgo and illustrator Emma Chichester Clark team up to create a compelling new take on this timeless story.
Teaching Resources
The Pied Piper of Hamelin Cover Sheet
The Pied Piper of Hamelin Classroom Resource
The Pied Piper of Hamelin Worksheet


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OSX Mavericks: Kotoeri Japanese input method sometimes appears to generate incorrect characters
When you have more than one input method selected in Mavericks, you may see one or more of the following:
- When Kotoeri and another language are both configured as keyboard input methods, the input source may not use JIS (Japan Industry Standards) keyboard settings as expected.
- OS X doesn't accept your screen saver password, even when it seems like you typed the password correctly.
In OS X Mavericks, Kotoeri uses the Latin keyboard layout at the prompts listed above when typing Japanese text. This causes differences in the keyboard layout when multiple languages are enabled as Input Sources. For example, if Kotoeri and French are both enabled as Input Sources, a Japanese keyboard registers the keypress of a "Q" key as an "A" instead.
To change this behavior, disable any additional languages besides Japanese from the Input Sources tab of Keyboard preferences in System Preferences.


Skip to definition.
Noun: roller coaster 'row-lu(r),kow-stu(r)
 1. Anything characterized by abrupt and extreme changes (especially up and down)
 "the economy has been on a roller coaster all year"
 2. Elevated railway in an amusement park (usually with sharp curves and steep inclines)
 - big dipper, chute-the-chute
Derived forms: roller coasters
Type of: el [US], elevated, elevated railroad, elevated railway, overhead railway, ride, Sturm und Drang, turbulence, upheaval
Encyclopedia: Roller coaster


Inca Trail Names
Place names on the Inca Trail
Most of the names of places on the Inca Trail were invented by Hiram Bingham, and are unlikely to correspond to the original names used by the Incas. They also reflect Bingham's assumptions about the function or significance of the different locations, which may not always have been accurate.
For these translations, I am indebted to Martina Faller and Iñes Callalli Villafuerte, who were kind enough to provide me with a list of translations in both English and Spanish.
Spanish: Puente Alegre
English: Bridge of Happiness
cusi = happy; chaca = bridge
Spanish: (lugar donde) Se Limpia el Oro con el Viento
English: Gold-sifting Place
q'ori = gold; huayra = wind; -chi = causative; -na = nominalizer
Spanish: Pueblo de escalónes o pueblo alto
English: Step(ped) town or High town
pata = step or stair, or high; llacta = village or town
Spanish: Lugar de Pasto
English: Place of Good Pasture
huaylla = good pasture; bamba = place
Spanish: (lugar donde) Se Hace Ceremoniales
English: Place of Offerings
(etymology uncertain) [1]
Spanish: Mujer Muerta
English: Dead Woman
huarmi = woman; huanusca = dead
Spanish: Rio Escondido
English: Hidden River
mayo = river; pacay = to hide
Spanish: Ruinas Amontonadas
English: Pile of Ruins
runku = piled; racay = derelict house [2]
Spanish: Poblado Pendiente
English: Village (in a) Steep Place
sayac = steep, vertical; marca = village
Spanish: Pueblo Alto en las Nubes
English: Town High in the Clouds
phuyu = cloud; pata = high part; marca = village [3]
Huinay Huayna
Spanish: Joven Para Siempre
English: Forever Young
huinay = forever; huayna = young
Spanish: Puerta del Sol
English: Gateway of the Sun
inti = sun; punku = gate, door [4]
Machu Picchu
Spanish: Cima Vieja
English: Old Peak
machu = old; picchu = peak [5]
Huayna Picchu
Spanish: Cima Joven
English: Young Peak
huayna = young; picchu = peak


Question: How To Tie A Bag To A Motorcycle?
How much can you carry on a motorcycle?
How do you carry large items on a motorcycle?
Here's how you can have it all.
 1. A Backpack. This is the simplest solution.
 4. Top Trunk.
 5. Built-In Storage.
 6. Hard Luggage.
 7. Straps.
How do you carry groceries on a motorcycle?
How do you carry water on a motorcycle?
Carry them in PVC pipe attached to skid, tool-tube side of bike, or down low inside pannier racks. You could even fit quite a bit inside some Wolfman Rolie or Aerostich tank panniers. Many pannier racks will carry RotoPax, Kolpin, or similar water containers down low. Use the cross-brace.
You might be interested: Often asked: How To Carry Extra Fuel On Motorcycle?
How do you pack a motorcycle?
Search for motorcycle tours
 1. Stay balanced. The most important thing to have in mind when packing is to keep both sides balanced.
 2. Packing for two.
 3. Learn to prioritize.
 4. Heavy on the Bottom.
 5. Pack Small.
 6. Reusable items.
 7. Spread the Load.
 8. Small but Essential Things.
How much weight can a 250 motorcycle carry?
Does weight matter on a motorcycle?
What should I carry on my motorcycle?
10 Things You Should Always Carry On a Motorcycle Ride
 - Ear Plugs. If you ride without ear plugs then don't expect to have much hearing left as the years go by.
 - Towel for cleaning.
 - Tool kit.
 - Cell (Smart) phone.
 - Tire Gauge.
 - Fuses.
 - Bulbs.
 - First Aid Kit.


text: Nepali Rope Incense belongs to the long tradition of family cottage industries in the Himalayas. Almost all young children learn to twist ropes from their grandparents and eventually teach their own children or grandchildren. The ropes are produced in large quantities by farmers and other villagers during the off season. High quality aromatic medicinal herbs are gathered and dried. Herbs used have fumigation qualities and purify the atmosphere when burned. Lokta paper made from the Daphne bush is used to contain the herbs. The herbal blend is placed in the paper and given an artistic twist to create the rope like strands.


text:
How do I get a free teacher account?
All verified teachers, including school, tertiary and pre-service teachers can get free accounts with access to all our resources for evaluation and professional development.
This grants access to:
- teacher notes and solutions to problems
- free access to all courses and competitions
- any professional development resources we publish.
If you are not currently teaching at a school
If you are currently teaching at a school
Follow these steps to become a verified teacher on Grok.
For more details on what becoming a verified teacher means, see What is teacher verification?


Q. Is it permitted during Shabbos to open or increase the water dripping into a humidifier connected to the heating furnace. The warm air rushes by a metal net or mesh, that spreads the droplets of water into the air exiting the furnace and it evaporates into it. The temperature of the air at that point is less than 40 C. Is this allowed?
Is it permitted to add water to the tank of a cold-water room humidifier, that has some water but needs more to keep working the whole day?
A. Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is that in regard to adding water to the tank of a cold-water room humidifier, in case of need it is permitted, since it is already working and no bishul or cooking of the water is involved.
However, regarding the humidifier units connected and feeding moisture to a hot air furnace, although some furnaces at some points of their heating cycle may indeed be forcing air that is bellow 40 C at the area next to the humidifier, most heating units are way above that temperature when close to the ignited area and usually the humidifier unit is adjacent. Therefore, the Rov maintains that during Shabbos no changes should be done to the amount of water entering the unit. Nevertheless, it is permitted during Yom Tov.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Shlomo Miller Shlit'a


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Teak wood is devided into several grades,which each grade has different quality. Those grades are grade A, grade B, and grade C, on which highest level of quality is grade A. the Indonesian Mininstry of Forestry conduct teakwood plantation on lots of areas in Indonesia to maintain availability of teak wood material. Because teak wood is one of Indonesian important commodity. Moreover, today the numbers of furniture manufacturers that has been using certified wood material is increasing, to participate in conservation and to maintain the availability of raw wood materials, which obviously affect the continuity of the furniture industry.
Furthermore, mostly buyers and importers from abroad, especially


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Search the collections
Victorian Women on Farms Gathering Collection
Image: Patch - Victorian Women on Farms Gathering, Warragul 1999
Source: Museum Victoria
Since 1990, Victorian rural women have met at annual events, Women on Farms Gatherings, to share common interests, exchange information, celebrate their contribution to their farms and communities, and support and nurture each other.
Each Gathering is linked by a tradition of sharing memories, symbolic icons, women's stories, workshops, rituals, farm tours, good food and fun. The meaning, identity and action expressed through these collective activities are often 'life changing' for participants and foster a deep sense of community.
These gatherings emerged as part of the 'rural women's movement' in Australia. This movement sought to raise the profile, opportunities and voice of rural women. The Victorian Gatherings were soon replicated in other states around Australia, and fed into the organisation of the world's first 'Women in Agriculture' conference held in Melbourne in 1994.
The Women on Farms Gathering Collection dates from the first Gathering held at Warragul in 1990 and covers the first 20 years up to 2009. The Women on Farms Gathering Collection is a community project involving the active participation of rural Victorian women in collecting, interpreting and sharing their histories.
A cow pat, mallee root and motherboard, are some of the 'icons' in the collection and offer a colourful and symbolic insight into the stories and experiences of rural women. These icons have been chosen by the organisers of each Gathering to symbolise and celebrate the leadership, unity, diversity and resilience of rural women. The collection also includes two large banners (one of which is used and altered at each Gathering), videos, photographs, a memorial plaque, memorabilia and a large collection of oral histories.
The collection has state and national significance. It highlights the diversity of rural women's experiences, documents the contribution of women to their farms and communities, the changing nature of agriculture and contemporary issues affecting the future of Victorian rural communities. The contemporary and collaborative nature of the collection has created important community links across rural and regional Victoria and has directly influenced the development of associated collections and research, including: toxic waste campaign, 2009 Victorian bushfires, water security, climate change, drought, sustainable agriculture, gender and demographic change.
The active involvement of rural women in the development of this contemporary collection has fostered new and exciting possibilities for museum practice and the history making process:
"...we are creating living history. This Heritage Project with Museum Victoria is the first time that the museum has ever attempted something like this, and to my knowledge it is one of the few things in a museum that I have ever seen, which hasn't had to die to be recognised, and I find that very refreshing." Ann Jarvis (Inaugural member of the Women on Farms Heritage Group, Kergunyah)
"Collecting, documenting and displaying these stories through the community partnership between Women on Farms Gathering Heritage Group and Museum Victoria is groundbreaking. It is a model for how institutions may reshape their role to work collaboratively with communities to better interpret and represent their place in Australian life." Kerry Wilson, Member of the Women on Farms Heritage Group, Violet Town)
History of Victorian Women on Farms Gatherings
Victorian Women on Farms Gatherings - What is a Gathering?
Women on Farms Gathering - Memorial Plaque
The Women on Farms Gathering Heritage Agreement
Women on Farms Gathering - The Perpetual Banner and Patches
Australian Rural Women's Movement - Timeline
Bibliography - Australian Women on Farms
Rural Women Gather Across Australia
Poetry and Song - The Victorian Women on Farms Gatherings
1990 Warragul Gathering (Inaugural Gathering)
1991 Sea Lake WoFG
1992 Numurkah WoFG
1993 Tallangatta WoFG
1994 Glenormiston WoFG
1995 Swan Hill WoFG
1996 Ararat WoFG
1997 Bendigo WoFG
1998 Ouyen WoFG
1999 Warragul WoFG
2000 Yarra Valley (Healesville) WoFG
2001 North East (Beechworth) WoFG
2002 Macedon Ranges (Kyneton) WoFG
2003 Yarram WoFG
2004 Horsham WoFG
2005 Benalla WoFG
2006 Hamilton WoFG
2007 Shepparton WoFG
2008 Berriwillock WoFG
2009 Warragul WoFG
Items per page: 10 50 (showing 1 - 10) 172 items
White ceramic mug given to participants at the Glenormiston Women on Farms Gathering in 1994. It is an example of the creative presentation of issues affecting rural women at the Gathe...Images: 1
Mug given to each participant of the 2002 Macedon Ranges (Kyneton) Women on Farms Gathering in their Gathering Bag on registration. The mug is a very practical recurring ritual of the...Images: 1
Digital colour image of the Women on Farms Gathering banner, taken at the Horsham Women on Farms Gathering in 2004. The banner displays 15 patches (panels) that illustrate the Gathering...Images: 1
Royal blue scarf with yellow hand-painted wattle-like emblem on one end. This scarf was worn by the donor and by other members of the 2003 Yarram Women on Farms Gathering organising com...Images: 1
Blue polo neck shirt with logo. This shirt was worn by members of the 2003 Yarram Women on Farms Gathering organising committee. During the weekend all members of the committee wore blu...Images: 1
Silk scarf from the 2001 North East (Beechworth) Women on Farms Gathering. This scarf was worn by the North East (Beechworth) organising committee members as a form of identification. T...Images: 1
T-shirt from the 1993 Tallangatta Women on Farms Gathering. This green t-shirt was worn by members of the Tallangatta Women on Farms Gathering organising committee as a form of identifi...Images: 1
Calico vest worn by members of the 1998 Ouyen Women on Farms Gathering organising committee. During the weekend all members of the committee wore this vest so that they could be easily...Images: 1
Strong pink cotton hat with 2004 Horsham Women on Farms Gathering label applied to crown. This hat was contained within the 'Gathering pack' that was given to participants as they arriv...Images: 1
Green handmade badge created for the 1993 Tallangatta Women on Farms Gathering. Denise, Kylie & Yvette Kirk made these badges using a machine borrowed from the Tallangatta Hospital. Den...Images: 1


StartSpeechSynthesisTask - Amazon Polly
Allows the creation of an asynchronous synthesis task, by starting a new SpeechSynthesisTask. This operation requires all the standard information needed for speech synthesis, plus the name of an Amazon S3 bucket for the service to store the output of the synthesis task and two optional parameters (OutputS3KeyPrefix and SnsTopicArn). Once the synthesis task is created, this operation will return a SpeechSynthesisTask object, which will include an identifier of this task as well as the current status. The SpeechSynthesisTask object is available for 72 hours after starting the asynchronous synthesis task.
Request Syntax
POST /v1/synthesisTasks HTTP/1.1 Content-type: application/json { "Engine": "string", "LanguageCode": "string", "LexiconNames": [ "string" ], "OutputFormat": "string", "OutputS3BucketName": "string", "OutputS3KeyPrefix": "string", "SampleRate": "string", "SnsTopicArn": "string", "SpeechMarkTypes": [ "string" ], "Text": "string", "TextType": "string", "VoiceId": "string" }
URI Request Parameters
The request does not use any URI parameters.
Request Body
The request accepts the following data in JSON format.
Specifies the engine (standard or neural) for Amazon Polly to use when processing input text for speech synthesis. Using a voice that is not supported for the engine selected will result in an error.
Type: String
Valid Values: standard | neural
Required: No
Optional language code for the Speech Synthesis request. This is only necessary if using a bilingual voice, such as Aditi, which can be used for either Indian English (en-IN) or Hindi (hi-IN).
If a bilingual voice is used and no language code is specified, Amazon Polly uses the default language of the bilingual voice. The default language for any voice is the one returned by the DescribeVoices operation for the LanguageCode parameter. For example, if no language code is specified, Aditi will use Indian English rather than Hindi.
Type: String
Valid Values: arb | cmn-CN | cy-GB | da-DK | de-DE | en-AU | en-GB | en-GB-WLS | en-IN | en-US | es-ES | es-MX | es-US | fr-CA | fr-FR | is-IS | it-IT | ja-JP | hi-IN | ko-KR | nb-NO | nl-NL | pl-PL | pt-BR | pt-PT | ro-RO | ru-RU | sv-SE | tr-TR
Required: No
List of one or more pronunciation lexicon names you want the service to apply during synthesis. Lexicons are applied only if the language of the lexicon is the same as the language of the voice.
Type: Array of strings
Array Members: Maximum number of 5 items.
Pattern: [0-9A-Za-z]{1,20}
Required: No
The format in which the returned output will be encoded. For audio stream, this will be mp3, ogg_vorbis, or pcm. For speech marks, this will be json.
Type: String
Valid Values: json | mp3 | ogg_vorbis | pcm
Required: Yes
Amazon S3 bucket name to which the output file will be saved.
Type: String
Pattern: ^[a-z0-9][\.\-a-z0-9]{1,61}[a-z0-9]$
Required: Yes
The Amazon S3 key prefix for the output speech file.
Type: String
Pattern: ^[0-9a-zA-Z\/\!\-_\.\*\'\(\):;\$@=+\,\?&]{0,800}$
Required: No
The audio frequency specified in Hz.
The valid values for mp3 and ogg_vorbis are "8000", "16000", "22050", and "24000". The default value for standard voices is "22050". The default value for neural voices is "24000".
Valid values for pcm are "8000" and "16000" The default value is "16000".
Type: String
Required: No
ARN for the SNS topic optionally used for providing status notification for a speech synthesis task.
Type: String
Pattern: ^arn:aws(-(cn|iso(-b)?|us-gov))?:sns:[a-z0-9_-]{1,50}:\d{12}:[a-zA-Z0-9_-]{1,256}$
Required: No
The type of speech marks returned for the input text.
Type: Array of strings
Array Members: Maximum number of 4 items.
Valid Values: sentence | ssml | viseme | word
Required: No
The input text to synthesize. If you specify ssml as the TextType, follow the SSML format for the input text.
Type: String
Required: Yes
Specifies whether the input text is plain text or SSML. The default value is plain text.
Type: String
Valid Values: ssml | text
Required: No
Voice ID to use for the synthesis.
Type: String
Valid Values: Aditi | Amy | Astrid | Bianca | Brian | Camila | Carla | Carmen | Celine | Chantal | Conchita | Cristiano | Dora | Emma | Enrique | Ewa | Filiz | Geraint | Giorgio | Gwyneth | Hans | Ines | Ivy | Jacek | Jan | Joanna | Joey | Justin | Karl | Kendra | Kevin | Kimberly | Lea | Liv | Lotte | Lucia | Lupe | Mads | Maja | Marlene | Mathieu | Matthew | Maxim | Mia | Miguel | Mizuki | Naja | Nicole | Penelope | Raveena | Ricardo | Ruben | Russell | Salli | Seoyeon | Takumi | Tatyana | Vicki | Vitoria | Zeina | Zhiyu
Required: Yes
Response Syntax
HTTP/1.1 200 Content-type: application/json { "SynthesisTask": { "CreationTime": number, "Engine": "string", "LanguageCode": "string", "LexiconNames": [ "string" ], "OutputFormat": "string", "OutputUri": "string", "RequestCharacters": number, "SampleRate": "string", "SnsTopicArn": "string", "SpeechMarkTypes": [ "string" ], "TaskId": "string", "TaskStatus": "string", "TaskStatusReason": "string", "TextType": "string", "VoiceId": "string" } }
Response Elements
The following data is returned in JSON format by the service.
SynthesisTask object that provides information and attributes about a newly submitted speech synthesis task.
Type: SynthesisTask object
This engine is not compatible with the voice that you have designated. Choose a new voice that is compatible with the engine or change the engine and restart the operation.
HTTP Status Code: 400
The provided Amazon S3 bucket name is invalid. Please check your input with S3 bucket naming requirements and try again.
HTTP Status Code: 400
The provided Amazon S3 key prefix is invalid. Please provide a valid S3 object key name.
HTTP Status Code: 400
The specified sample rate is not valid.
HTTP Status Code: 400
The provided SNS topic ARN is invalid. Please provide a valid SNS topic ARN and try again.
HTTP Status Code: 400
The SSML you provided is invalid. Verify the SSML syntax, spelling of tags and values, and then try again.
HTTP Status Code: 400
The language specified is not currently supported by Amazon Polly in this capacity.
HTTP Status Code: 400
Amazon Polly can't find the specified lexicon. This could be caused by a lexicon that is missing, its name is misspelled or specifying a lexicon that is in a different region.
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Noun: nitrate 'nI,treyt
 1. Any compound containing the nitrate group (such as a salt or ester of nitric acid)
Verb: nitrate 'nI,treyt
 1. (chemistry) treat with nitric acid, so as to change an organic compound into a nitrate
 "nitroglycerin is obtained by nitrating glycerol"
Derived forms: nitrated, nitrates, nitrating
Type of: chemical compound, compound, process, treat
Encyclopedia: Nitrate


I used simple knife for cutting colocasia roots, while cutting them scab starts on my hands. I can used coconut oil on my hands before start cutting them but it was not effective tell me some methods to avoid this
 - 2
 Is it caused by an irritant substance or by the roughness of the surface? Either way disposable gloves would help, but in the latter case they would have to be more robust than the typical ones for food use, so it makes a difference – Chris H Dec 3 '18 at 16:37
 - Do you mean blisters start forming on your hands? If so, is it from the friction of working the knife on those roots? – UnhandledExcepSean Dec 3 '18 at 18:57
The colocasia root (also known as the taro root) has calcium oxalate near the surface under its skin. This makes it toxic to eat uncooked and can irritate the skin.
Common methods to avoid skin irritation are oiling the hands (which isn't working for you), peeling them under running water, which rinses off the irritants quicker, and lastly is wearing gloves.
I would recommend getting a box of food grade latex gloves, that should keep your skin from coming into contact with the irritants. Doing it under running water also wouldn't hurt.
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Definition of C (cytosine)
C (cytosine): C stands for cytosine, a DNA nucleotide that which is one member of the base pair in DNA consisting of guanine and cytosine. This base pair is conventionally abbreviated G-C (or GC).
The other base pair in DNA is adenine and thymine which is conventionally abbreviated A-T (or AT).
Each base pair forms a "rung of the DNA ladder." A DNA nucleotide is made of a molecule of sugar, a molecule of phosphoric acid, and a molecule called a base. The bases are the "letters" that spell out the genetic code. In DNA, the code letters are A, T, G, and C, which stand for the chemicals adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine, respectively. In base pairing, adenine always pairs with thymine, and guanine always pairs with cytosine.Source: MedTerms™ Medical Dictionary
Last Editorial Review: 6/14/2012
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Mabuhay (pronunciation: muhBU-hai ) is a Tagalog greeting. It literally is the imperative form of "live", from the root word buhay (life).
The phrase is comparable in sentiment to the Romance language expression "Vive, Viva", and the Japanese exclamation Banzai. It has carries various meanings including "may you live", "cheers", "welcome", and "hurrah".
This sentiment is being used in the Proclamation of Philippine Independence, they use the sentiment Mabuhay ang Pilipinas!
The expression is mostly used for toasts during gatherings and parties, and is used as a cry of adulation towards individuals or concepts at rallies and political conferences. A more modern appropriation of the greeting is its use in the local hospitality industry to welcome guests. Alternatively, the Spanish ¡Viva! survives in mostly religious contexts, specifically in shouts of praise directed at a patron saint or to the Deity during fiestas and assemblies (e.g., "¡Viva Señor Santo Niño!")
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Categories: General
What does atu mean in English? If you want to learn atu in English, you will find the translation here, along with other translations from Maori to English. We hope this will help you in learning languages.
Here is atu meaning in English:
additional Edit
away Edit
else Edit
extended Edit
more Edit
off Edit
other Edit
further Edit
furthest Edit
Look at these words in all languages: additional, away, else, extended, more, off, other, further, furthest
Check out other Maori translations to the English language:


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Pedis possessio
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Pedis possessio
Pedis possessio is a legal phrase in common law used to describe walking on a property to establish ownership.
This concept involves the establishment of first possession of land. By walking on a property and defining its bounds, possession is established. Legal dictionaries[1] put forth this definition. Pedis possessio has been described as the actual possession of land within bounds set forth by the need of a mine claimant and operator to improve and work a claim for its mineral value.
Violation of set boundaries are avoided and violence prevented by the establishment of title using the concept of pedis possessio.[2]
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Which are the Rarest Dog Breeds in the World? VOSD
The rarest dog breeds in the world
The Rarest Dog Breeds in the World
For a long time, people have been absolutely fascinated by different breeds of dog, especially unique dog breeds. While we are still trying to figure out what the rarest dog breed is (we think it's the New Guinea Singing Dog), dog breeds rarely make the news these days for being one of a kind. In a way, the focus on breeding can cause medical issues because of unethical methods, inbreeding, and bad treatment meted out to dogs in puppy mills. But it still helps to know about ancient and rare dogs to understand the rich and diverse history of the canine species.
We talked about the new guinea singing dog here, and the fascinating story behind its rediscovery. But people have been breeding dogs for centuries, and now there are certain breeds that have become rare dogs and hard to spot. We give you the lowdown on some unique dog breeds here. Take a journey with us to understand rare Ridgebacks, Sighthounds, Spaniels, Terriers, and other cool dog breeds.
The Basenji actually looks very much like an Indian breed of dog! It is one of the most ancient breed of dog, originating in the Congo. The Basenji was used for hunting. It is named after the original pygmy tribes that bred and raised them. One of the most interesting facts about the Basenji is that it has maintained certain "primitive" characteristics, like being unable to bark. Colonisers from England (where else?) were interested in bringing the dog and widening its gene pool to England, but they were unsuccessful for a long time because all the dogs started to suffer from distemper.
Basenjis have short coats, are of medium height, and are lean. They are extremely active (usefulf for hunting) and need to be physically and mentally stimulated often. They can be stern and aggressive. (source: _URL_
Bedlington terrier
This adorable and distinctive breed of dog is originally from Northumberland, in the English countryside. These terriers look like lambs, with a curved back and a gentle face. They love to run around and play, but are also gentle and sweet in disposition. Bedlington terriers were the possible result of crossing a few other breeds – the Rothbury terrier, the Dinmont terrier and the Whippet. Bedlingtons are some of the cutest dogs in the world and have been bred since 1825. They are popular in dog shows. Bedlingtons have been used for dog sports, dog racing, and to hunt for vermin like rats, mice, rabbits, small foxes, and other pests that are considered harmful to farms.
Tibetan mastiff
One of the most interesting histories belongs to the Tibetan Mastiff. These large, hairy, shaggy dogs with somber faces may have originated anywhere, but somehow ended up in Central Asia after traveling with invading armies. According to petfinder, there has been evidence of the existence of these rare dogs from as far back as 1100 BC, which is really cool! They could have also come to China with the legendary invader, Gengis Khan, or even Attila the Hun.
Tibetan mastiffs then ended up in Tibet, near the Himalayas, and became effective guard dogs for the mountain folk. During British Raj, the Viceroy of India is said to have gifted Queen Victoria with a Tibetan Mastiff.
This Mastiff is large and thick, and has a double coat that allows it to endure extreme weather conditions from cold to warm. They are quiet and reserved dogs but can be friendly towards their families, human or otherwise.
Related Article – Know Your Indian Dog Breeds
Thai ridgeback
Firstly, a ridge on the back of a dog is a line of hair that grows against the general direction of the rest of the hair on a dog's body. The Rhodesian Ridgeback has this feature and is more well known than the Thai Ridgeback. The Thai Ridgeback possibly originated in Thailand, as the name suggests, and is said to have been bred on the Asian island in the 17th century. They are medium-sized dogs with short, dark hair, and are very agile and athletic. They have a skinny, upward-curving tail. The Thai Ridgeback is great for guarding and hunting due to its athletic nature. It is one of the more rare breeds of dogs in the world.
Lagotto Romagnolo
This little cutie is super-rare and one of the best known Italian breeds of dogs in the world. The Lagotto Romagnolo is also known as the Italian Water Dog and was bred to hunt for waterfowl in the marshlands of Italy (specifically Romagna). They are hairy with thick coats, and have an extremely keen sense of smell. Today, they are used to spot truffle for Italian restaurants! They are small (growing up to a height of about 15 cms). An interesting fact: Lagotto Romagnolos might have been around for centuries, and are found in a few Italian paintings. Could they have been a part of Italian royal families? Hopefully someone will find this out for us!
Norwegian lundehund
The catchily named Norwegian Lundehund is a type of Spitz, and is medium sized. These dogs are found in Norway. "Lundehund" means "puffin hound" or "puffin dog". They are flexible, agile, and clever dogs, able to climb into the ridges of cliffs and caves in Norway to hunt for puffin birds. How are these dogs adapted to this role you might ask? The Norwegian Lundehunds have some evolutionary genetic traits that allow this to be possible – they have two extra toes (one on each foot) and are so flexible they can flex or bend their head in order to touch their back. The Lundehunds are highly independent dogs, and could be difficult to train. They also have two less teeth than other dogs.
New guinea singing dog
We already spoke about the return of the New Guinea Singing Dog here, and yes – they might be making a comeback. These dogs are known for their distinctive "singing" sound and the way they synchronize with other dogs from their pack. Efforts have always been made to breed these dogs in captivity, but now there are signs that they might be around and thriving in the wild! It is closely related to the Australian dingo, and is considered one of the most unique dog breeds in the world.
Czechoslovakian wolfdog
Bear with us while we try to pronounce this mouthful. The Czechoslovakian wolfdog is a beautiful, graceful dog that looks like a wolf, with grey fur and light eyes. They make great guard dogs, and are strong, agile, and intelligent. The breed is relatively new, having been bred in the 1950s to guard the Czechoslovakian border. They are now imported to the United States for similar border patrol duties and other active roles.
These sighthounds look like proper royalty, with their tall, lean, and dignified presence. They are thin dogs, and have high back and long legs. The Azawakh originated in West Africa, in the Azawagh Valley near the Sahara desert. The Azawakh was bred by nomadic tribes and has been around for many centuries. These tall dogs can grow up to a height of 75 cm and look regal when they hunt or walk or do anything, really. The Azawakh is dark brown or fawn in colour, with a white belly. But they or their cousins, are seen around Africa in different colours as well. The Azawakh is also related to the Basenji (see above) and pariah dogs from the African continent.
Bergamasco shepherd
Another Italian breed, the Bergamasco Shepherd dog is one of those beautiful breeds that resemble sheep. They are, as a result, used to guard flocks of sheep and can often disappear into that role! They are medium sized dogs with fur that becomes matted up into clumps. These Shepherd dogs are muscular and broad, and are strong enough to withstand cold winters. These rare dogs are related to German Shepherds, and could have originated in the 1800s, in order to perform herding tasks.
Brazilian mastiff/ fila brasileiro
The Fila Brasiliero is one of the largest dog breeds in the world. They are huge, energetic, and make great guard dogs. It is likely that they were bred from Bloodhounds, the English Mastiffs, and Bulldogs in the 17th century. Brazilian Mastiffs are banned in several countries because of their potential aggressive nature, but just like all dogs, early socialization can help the dog get along with humans and other dogs. They are mostly found in Brazil and can be brown, fawn, or black in colour. They are suitable to large, open spaces. These dogs are instinctively guarded and wary, so it might take a while to socialize them.
There you go! Some of the world's rarest breeds in the world are definitely also the most fascinating. It's strange to think that many of them might not exist in a few years, which is why it's important to conserve their genetic traits (without inbreeding and other unethical methods). Still, as they say, "adopt don't shop" and if you come across these rare breeds and want one, don't purchase


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Why do shocks form?
by fayaazhussain
Tags: form, shocks
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Jan26-12, 05:57 AM
P: 12
I have completed my undergraduation in aerospace engineering. Inspite of studying all subjects there is one basic question which is left unanswered for me..Why do shocks form? Can anyone answer it please?
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The short answer is that the speed of sound is the fastest the air can get out of its own way, so if you try to move air faster, it builds up and gets out of the way at the fastest speed it can: the speed of sound.
Slightly longer: An airplane (or anything else moving through air) is continuously disturbing the air all around it - building a pressure profile - and this disturbance propagates and creates itself at the speed of sound. When the airplane reaches the speed of sound, the air in front of it can no longer get away from the plane to build that pressure profile because to do that, it would have to move faster than the speed of sound. So it piles-up at the leading edge and propagates away along a straight line, who'se angle is determined by the speed of the object vs the speed of sound. That's the shock wave.
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Specifications Explained: NI DSA & SC Express DAQ
The specification manuals for NI Dynamic Signal Acquisition (DSA) & NI SC Express Data Acquisition (DAQ) devices and modules provide the technical details necessary to determine or choose which DAQ device or module is best suited for your application, and as a reference to validate device or module performance during system development. This document provides definitions of the terminology used, in a glossary format, to illustrate the importance and relevance of each specification.
This guide is broken up into the same sections as most NI specifications manuals. Terms and definitions below are listed in alphabetical order and may occur in a different order in the specification manuals. This guide exclusively applies to 44xx (DSA) and 43xx (SC Express) DAQ devices and modules. Other NI product families such as Multifunction I/O (MIO) DAQ, cDAQ and cRIO Chassis and Controllers, 91xx, 92xx, 94xx C Series Modules, Multifunction RIO 78xx R Series, Digital Multimeters, Scopes/Digitizers and other instruments may use different terminology or methods to derive specifications and as such, this guide should not be used as a reference for devices and modules other than those in the DSA and SC Express DAQ families.
Understanding Specification Terminology
First, it is important to note the categorical difference between various specifications. NI defines the capabilities and performance of its Test & Measurement instruments as either Specifications, Typical Specifications, and Characteristic or Supplemental Specifications. See your devices' specifications manual for more details on which specifications are warranted or typical.
 - Specifications characterize the warranted performance of the instrument within the recommended calibration interval and under the stated operating conditions.
 - Typical Specifications are specifications met by the majority of the instruments within the recommended calibration interval and under the stated operating conditions. Typical specifications are not warranted.
 - Characteristic or Supplemental Specifications describe basic functions and attributes of the instrument established by design or during development and not evaluated during Verification or Adjustment. They provide information that is relevant for the adequate use of the instrument that is not included in the previous definitions.
Analog Input Specifications
NI DSA and SC Express devices and modules typically only have analog input or analog output systems. There are specifications unique to DSA or SC Express, but also some specifications which apply to both. This section is organized in three sections to cover the common specifications, DSA analog input specific, and SC Express analog input specific.
Common Analog Input Specifications
Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) Type
Successive Approximation Register (SAR)
An ADC which converts an analog signal into a discrete digital representation by using a binary search to match a created voltage to the provided signal voltage.
An ADC architecture consisting of a 1-bit ADC and filtering circuitry which over-samples the input signal and performs noise-shaping to achieve a high-resolution digital output.
Oversample Rate
This terminology applies only to modules with delta-sigma ADCs. Delta-sigma ADCs use sample rates that are large multiples, such as 128 times the Nyquist rate for a given signal. For example, to sample a 25 kHz signal, a sample rate greater than the Nyquist rate (that is above 50 kHz) would be sufficient. However, a delta-sigma ADC using an oversample rate of 128 times, samples the signal at 6 MHz. This approach has several benefits, such as better anti-aliasing and higher resolution.
The oversampled data is processed by a digital filter within the ADC before the data is made available as an output. Since it takes a non-zero amount of time for the oversampled data to be processed by the digital filter, the output data rate is always lower than the oversample rate. The output data rate equals to the oversample rate divided by the ADC decimation ratio.
ADC Resolution
Resolution is the smallest amount of input signal change that a device or sensor can detect. The number of bits used to represent an analog signal determines the resolution of the ADC.
The NI PXIe-4300 is a 16-bit device, which means that lowest amplitude change that can be detected on the ±5 V range is 0.152 mV. On the ± 0.1 V range, this value is 3.05 µV.
This specification will state what frequencies are available to be used as the timebase frequency.
Specified typically in ppm, this specifies how far from the listed frequency the actual timebase frequency can be. This specification is subject to the device's cal interval spec.
This will state what external routes are available to be used as external timebases.
Reference Clock
Locking Frequencies
Typically shown in a table, this will show based on the reference signal provided what are valid locking frequencies for reference clock synchronization.
This will display what are valid reference clock sources for the device. This will typically consist of the onboard clock and the chassis backplane clock.
Filter Group Delay (ADC Filter Delay)
Analog Delay
This filter delay is the result of the signal passing through an analog filter on the device. The values of this will vary based on the range/gain being used on the device.
Digital Filter Delay
 Uncompensated Group Delay
This filter delay is the result of the following: analog filter delay, buffered mode digital filter, or hardware-timed single point mode filter. This delay is not compensated for when synchronizing and will need to be accounted for to not see a phase shift in the data.
Compensated Group Delay
This filter delay is the result of the anti-aliasing filter working in a bufered mode. When synchronized with other hardware this delay will be automatically compensated for.
Base Filter Group Delay
This delay is of a result of the signal passing through the digital anti-aliasing filter on the device. It is a partial component of the Compensated Group Delay spec, and is determined by the input frequency provided to the module.
Variable Filter Group Delay
This delay is of a result of the signal passing through the digital anti-aliasing filter on the device. It is a partial component of the Compensated Group Delay spec and is determined by the sample rate currently being used on the module.
Bandwidth/ Alias Rejection
Passband/ Alias-Free Bandwidth
The passband/Alias-Free Bandwidth is the defined as the frequency range starting at DC to the point where the anti-aliasing filter reaches its' -0.1 dB point. This range is where the signal being measured should exist to get a proper measurement
The PXIe-4464 lists its Alias-free bandwidth (BW) (passband) as "DC to 0.454 * fs" meaning from DC to 0.45 4 times your sample frequency will be the passband for your current measurement
Stopband/Alias Rejection
The stopband/alias rejection is defined by 2 parts, an attenuation or rejection spec as well as a frequency spec. The attenuation/rejection defines the minimum amount of attenuation that will be applied to the signal, while the frequency determines where the starting point for that attenuation will occur.
The specification for the PXIe-4330 is shown below.
For the PXIe-4330 this means that signals found at a frequency of 0.55 times the sample frequency will see an attenuation of 100 dB from the original signal.
Minimum Frequency for Alias Hole
The delta-sigma ADCs on devices include an oversampled architecture and sharp digital filters with cut-off frequencies that track the sampling rate. Due to how the digital filter is designed inside of the ADC, there becomes a small hole, where in theory aliases could be seen, at larger frequencies.
Rejection at Alias Hole
To combat the alias holes left by the ADC an analog fixed frequency filter is applied to high frequency components along the analog path. This specifies what rejection those high frequency components will see.
Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR)
When the same signal is seen on the positive and negative inputs of an amplifier, the CMRR specifies how much of this signal is rejected from the final output (typically measured in dB). An ideal amplifier will remove 100% of the common mode signal, but this is not achievable in implementation.
The NI PXIe-4300 has a CMRR of 100 dB for the 5 V range. This means that it will attenuate common mode voltages by 100,000x. If the signal being measured is a 5 Vpk sine wave, and the offset or common voltage between the positive and negative inputs is 5 VDC, the final output will reject or attenuate the 5 VDC input to 5 µV. CMRR is not included in accuracy derivations and should be accounted for separately if the signal measured contains common mode voltages.
The measure of how much a signal on one channel can couple onto, or affect, an adjacent channel. Crosstalk exists any time an amplitude-varying signal is present on a wire or PCB trace that is physically close to another wire or PCB trace.
The NI PXIe-4464 has a crosstalk specification of -95 dB for adjacent channels and -125 dB for non-adjacent channels when using its' -10 dB Gain range. This means that channel ai2 will have a crosstalk specification of -95 dB between channels ai1 and ai3, and a crosstalk specification of -125 dB to all other ai channels.
Some modules such as the NI 4461 and NI 4464 support both DC and AC coupled modes. When DC coupling mode is selected, any DC offset in the source signal is passed on to the ADC. When AC


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Let $X$ be a complex manifold and $g$ a hermitian metric on $X$. Consider the Riemannian exponential $\exp_p: T_p X \to X$.
If $\exp_p$ is holomorphic for every $p \in X$, then $(\exp_p)^{-1}$, suitably restricted, provide holomorphic normal coordinates near $p$, with respect to which the metric osculates to order 2 to the standard metric at the origin. This shows that $g$ is a Kähler metric.
However, Kähler is not sufficient to ensure that $\exp_p$ is holomorphic: take $X$ a curve of genus $g \geq 2$. If $\exp_p:T_pX \to X$ is holomorphic, then it lifts to a holomorphic map from $T_pX$ to the universal cover $\widetilde{X} = \Delta$, giving a holomorphic map $T_pX \simeq \mathbb{C} \to \Delta$, which must be constant by Liouville's theorem. In fact, one can see that $\exp$ cannot be holomorphic if $X$ is Kobayashi hyperbolic.
This leaves the question: What are the hermitian manifolds/metrics whose exponential map is holomorphic?
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In the $1$ complex dimension case this forces the metric to be locally isomorphic to the standard metric. The exponential map preserves length in the radial direction, so if it is conformal then it must also preserve length in the other direction. – Tom Goodwillie Jun 16 '11 at 3:52
2 Answers 2
up vote 10 down vote accepted
NB: I've had a little time to think about this and can now improve my answer, in particular, removing the real-analytic assumption, which, as I suspected, was not necessary. Here is the improved answer:
If the metric $g$ is Kähler, then having the exponential map from a point $p\in M$ be holomorphic makes it flat in a neighborhood of $p$.
Suppose that $\exp_p:T_pM\to M$ is holomorphic near $0_p\in T_pM$ (where we use the natural holomorphic structure on the complex vector space $T_pM$). Let $z:T_pM\to\mathbb{C}^n$ be a complex linear isometry, so that the hermitian metric on $T_pM$ is just $|z|^2$ in the usual sense. Let $Z$ be the holomorphic 'radial' vector field on $\mathbb{C}^n$, whose real part is the standard radial vector field on $\mathbb{C}^n$.
Then $$ {\exp_p}^*g = g_{i\bar j}(z)\ dz^i\ d\overline{z}^j $$ for some functions $g_{i\bar j}$ on a neighborhood of $0\in\mathbb{C}^n$. Since $g$ is Kähler, there is a function $f$ defined on a neighborhood of $0\in\mathbb{C}^n$ such that $$ g_{i\bar j} = \frac{\partial^2f}{\partial z^i\ \partial\overline{z}^j}. $$
Now, the condition that $z$ furnish Gauss normal coordinates for ${\exp_p}^*g$ is easily seen to be that
$$ \mathcal{L}_Z\bigl(\bar\partial f\bigr) = \bar\partial\bigl(|z|^2\bigr). $$ In particular, $ \bar\partial\bigl(\mathcal{L}_Z(f - |z|^2)\bigr) = 0$, so $\mathcal{L}_Z(f - |z|^2) = h$ for some holomorphic function $h$ on a neighborhood of $0$. This $h$ must vanish at $0$, so it is easy, by adding the real part of the appropriate holomorphic function to $f$ (which won't change $g$) to arrange that $h\equiv0$ and, moreover, that $f(0) = 0$. But this now implies that the real-valued function $f-|z|^2$ vanishes at the origin and also is constant along the radial vector field. Thus, $f = |z|^2$, and the metric $g$ is flat in these coordinates.
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I do not like complex numbers and can make a mistake easily...
Let $L_p$ be a complex line in a tangent space $T_pX$. It is easy to see that $\exp_p$ gives an isometric embedding $L_p\hookrightarrow X$ which is also star-shaped with center at $p$; set $L=\exp_p(L_p)$
Take any other point $q\in L$, and let $L_q\subset T_q$ be the tangent subspace to $L$. Note that the maps $\exp_p$ and $\exp_q$ coinside (up to a shift) on the geodesic $(pq)$. [Here I use that if two holomorphic maps coincide on the real line then they coincide in the complex plane.] It follows that $L=\exp_q(L_q)$. Therefore $L$ is totally geodesic.
In other words: For any complex sectional direction in $X$, there is a tangent totally geodesic surface which is isometric to complex plane.
In particular, the sectional curvature in all complex sectional directions is zero and therefore the curvature of $X$ is identically zero; the later stated in Kobayashi--Nomizu, Foundations of differential geometry, Volume 2 IX, Prop. 7.1. (thanks to RdN).
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I don't quite understand your arguement for exp of a complex line to be totally geodesic. But if so there is a lemma in vol II of Kobayashi Nomizu (Prop. 7.1) that says if two tensors with the symmetry and J invariance of a Kahler curvature tensor agree on complex lines they must be equal. It's clear curves have to be flat by Gauss lemma and totally geodesic would mean the second fundamental vanishes, so we can measure R of the ambient space from such curves. Thus the Prop. says total curvature must vanish. – RdN Jun 25 '11 at 16:43
_USER_, Thank you, I will include it in the answer – Anton Petrunin Jun 28 '11 at 10:30
Your Answer


text:
A one-day symposium on the BBC's local radio audiences is calling for paper proposals. The event will be held in Leicester, UK, on the 8th of November 2017. The symposium is organised by De Montford University and the Media, Communication and Cultural Studies Association.
The event is entitled "Reaching out: the past, present and future of BBC Local Radio Audiences". The organisers have provided the following, non-exhaustive list of topic suggestions:
- BBC Local Radio and its relationship with its audience(s)
- How does BBC Local Radio contribute to achieving a sense of belonging, or responsibility to, a specific region or area?
- Case studies illustrating how the BBC has appealed or is appealing to new audiences
- Local News and the ethics of the Fourth Estate
- The concept of 'local' and how BBC Radio addresses and reaches out to communities within their patch
- The role BBC Local Radio plays in the representation of minority communities in their locality
The deadline for abstract submissions is June 16th.
The full call for papers is available through the ECREA mailing list archive.


text:
The patadyong is a pre-Spanish clothing item or loose skirt worn by Filipino women particularly in the lowland regions of the Visayas. In terms of function, it is similar to the "sarong" or "malong" used in Mindanao in southern Philippinesa nd Indonesia. But instead of the batik patterns, the patadyong has a checkered, colorful design or patterns.
Like the malong, the patadyong has a variety of uses. Primarily, women used it as a tucked-in skirt topped by a kimona (thin cotton blouse). Women in the countryside or rural areas wear or used the patadyong as a sort of kerchief, shawl or even to shade or cover themselves from prying eyes. In bygone days when washing or bathing in rivers were commonplace, women hold a piece or one end of the patadyong with their teeth or free hand, while soaping and cleaning their body with another hand. It may looked clumsy but it works by providing a bit of privacy.
Today wearing patadyong is often limited or seen in folkloric performances and dances, and is considered as more of a costume than everyday wear like it used to be.
Long live Philippine clothing traditions!


Often asked: What is a fein?
What does Fein mean?
A Federal Employer Identification Number (FEIN) is not required for all business types. If you are a sole proprietor or single-member LLC with no employees, you are not required to have a FEIN. All other businesses must request a FEIN from the IRS website, or contact them at _PHONE_ with questions.
How do I find my Fein number?
You can locate your EIN on your confirmation letter from the IRS, old tax returns, old business loan applications, your business credit report, or payroll paperwork. You can also call the IRS to look up your federal tax ID number. If you need to locate another company's EIN, you can start by asking the company.
What is the difference between an Fein and a tax ID number?
A federal employment identification number (FEIN) is the exact same thing as an employer identification number (EIN). The only exception to this rule is in when someone uses the abbreviation EIN to refer to a state tax identification number. In that situation, the state EIN is not the same as a federal EIN.
What does Fein mean for unemployment?
9-digit Federal Employer Identification Number (FEIN) – a FEIN can be obtained by going to the IRS website.
Is Fein a word?
fein is an acceptable dictionary word for games like scrabble, words with friends, crossword, etc. The wordfein' is made up of 4 letters.
Is Feening a real word?
Is Feening a real word? No, "feen" is the word. It was "fiend", but it's now "feen" in certain people's lexicon.
You might be interested: Often asked: What is adhd mean?
What does an Fein number look like?
FEIN is an acronym for Federal Employer Identification Number, also known as an EIN. This unique, nine-digit number is used by the IRS to identify a business operating in the United States. An FEIN is structured like this: XX-XXXXXXX. An FEIN is a type of taxpayer identification number (TIN) used by certain businesses.
Can I verify EIN online?
Anyone can access this information directly from the IRS. As such, a nonprofit must provide you the EIN upon request, and you can verify this directly with the IRS on the Exempt Organization page of the IRS website. The site not only verifies EINs but advises you if organizations are in good standing with the IRS.
Is Fein public record?
Your employer identification number (EIN), or FEIN, allows you to do business and report financial information to the Internal Revenue Service. However, an EIN number is a public record, making your company vulnerable to people who care less about your business.
Who needs Fein?
The IRS uses the EIN to identify the taxpayer. EINs must be used by business entities–corporations, partnerships, and limited liability companies. However, most sole proprietors don't need to obtain an EIN and can use their Social Security numbers instead. Even so, you may want to obtain an EIN anyway.
Where is the Fein on w2?
The best place to look your employer's EIN (Employer Identification Number) or Tax ID is in Box b of your W-2 form. Look for a 9-digit number with a dash separating the second and third digit (NN-NNNNNNN). It's usually right above your employer's name or below their address.
You might be interested: What does bisect mean?
Should I give out my tax ID number?
You can think of an EIN as a social security number for your business. Don't worry about keeping it secure though, because unlike a social security number, an EIN is not considered sensitive information. Be careful to never give out your EIN unless you need to—in the wrong hands, it can be used for identity theft.
Do you need an EIN for unemployment?
Requirements may vary from state to state, but here's a sampling of the information you will need to have available when filing for unemployment: Your Social Security number. The Employer Registration number or Federal Employer Identification Number (FEIN) of your most recent employer (if you have either).
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Topic: FileLogger (Read 14015 times) previous topic - next topic
I've created a new library for Arduino to append data to files in microSD memory cards. It is based on previous work by David Cuartiello, and it has been used in GPSLogger by Raúl Hevia.
This project focus in just one simple functionality: logging data to a file in SD cards from Arduino boards.
We are trying to get it 1) fast and 2) small, so this library can be used in other projects based on arduino with little impact on memory resources and performance.
By now, it takes about 175 mSecs to append 512 bytes to the file, so transfer rate is about 2925 bytes per second.
The library memory footprint is:
 * 3764 bytes in program memory (Flash)
 * 542 bytes in data memory (SRAM)
The library has been contributed as OpenSource unde GPL license, you can find source code here:
Does the SD card need to be prepared in any fashion, does it need to be formatted a certain way, before using it with this library?
Does the card need to have a file created, with a particular label, before using it with the library?
Can data be added to more than one file on the SD card?
Using FileLogger, where would data be entered on the arduino board (which pin, or pins)?
My Hardware/Libraries already has an MMC folder, I'm assuming that it will be different from MMC folder that the FileLogger requires, which would result in a conflict. (I'm assuming)
Hi prakat,
yes, the SD card need to be formated with FAT16.
You need to create a file in the root folder, the name is not important as you will give the name of the file when you call the function append(). In fact you can log to more than one file specifying differente file names. The only restriction for the files is that the size must not be zero (at least one character must be written before using the liberay).
This library has been tested with the microSD shield by Libelium: _URL_
Anyway I guess this should work with any SPI aware shield.
There should be no conflict with mmc library, as I didn't modify it.
Hope this help
Thanks edugarcia!
I am looking forward to trying this out.
So far, I can't get the example to compile. I get:
In function 'void loop()':
error: 'File_logger' was not declared in this scope
The 3.o files were created when I started the IDE. Am I missing something?
~ Clifford Stoll
try to update from subversion, I changed the example some days ago and forgot to change the example code. The point is that from now on you should use FileLogger::append() instead of File_logger.append().
sorry about it,
How is data read from the SD card?
Can data be entered directly to a PC from the card via USB?
Thank you for your previous information. :)
yes, data can be read directly from PC. You can open the file with any text editor (i.e. notepad).
What's your experience regarding when you can pull the card? Must power be off?
~ Clifford Stoll
in my experience you can pull the card anytime, I haven't had any special care about it and never lost data.
Anyway, I have found from time to time (maybe 1 in 20 times) that the system doesn't recognise the card after inserting it, so write fails (the function append() returns!= 0). A friend has proposed a workaround: to write some header in the file before writing the real data. If this write fails, the led blinks five times to inform, so you should remove and re-insert the card. It isn't a perfect solution, but it works.
I've uploaded a new release of the library, V05.
I have removed from MMC the SPI related code, and I have coupled MMC to the Arduino SPI Library instead, as some of you have reported having problems with SPI and this library.
By the way, if you are using SPI in your projects, you can remove Spi.cpp from FileLogger library, it will work.
Together with some small changes in code, we have won 163 bytes in Flash memory in this release, so total size is 3601 bytes now.
Enjoy it,
Eduardo García.
Will this library tolerate the following scenario?
1 - I write several lines to the SD Card
2 - I remove the SD card and re-insert it
3 - I write more lines to the SD Card
I am trying it with your example code, and I get file errors when I try to write after re-inserting the card. The only way to fix it seems to be resetting the Arduino.
I guess there is some conflict with the monitor serial libraries that I'm using to read keystrokes and write messages, so from time to time I have found such errors, but I think if you use fileLogger in a standalone application, with no monitor, it will work fine.
Anyway, there is a workaround: anytime you find errors writing after re-inserting the card, close and reopen the serial line (click on the icon at the upper right). This will not reset Arduino, only the serial line.
_USER_, I had the same problem (I am using the SD card socket from Sparkfun, not MicroSD, with a Panasonic card). Also, mine is running on solar and if the voltage dropped and then came back up, the card would stop working.
I made a change in nanofat.cpp (this is a TOTAL hack, but I may go through it again when I have time). Basically it was erroring out in locateFileStart when it called mmc::readSector. I added code to line 183, after the second-to-last closing bracket in the function:
Code: [Select]
} [glow]else {
 return false;
So it will still return false to show it had an error, but it will reinitialize the card and usually works on the next write, although sometimes it take 2 writes to kick it back on.
I anybody with better coding skillz wants to improve on my hack, feel free. :D
I'm using FileLogger lib.
I would like to create a function for logging info bat i have a problem with variables:
my code:
Code: [Select]
void write_log(char msg[]){
 byte buffer[length];
 buffer = msg;
 FileLogger::append(FILE_LOG, buffer, length);
on my loop:
Code: [Select]
write_log("test 123 prova 123");
but error generated
Code: [Select]
In function 'void write_log(char*)':
error: incompatible types in assignment of 'char*' to 'byte [(((unsigned int)(((int)length) + -0x000000001)) + 1)]
please help me?
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text:
What is the difference between video and grabación? In other words, what types of "videos" does each describe? Which of the two would best describe a video recorded using a home video recorder or digital camera?
To me, there's mostly a one to one relation between vídeo in Spanish and video in English, and between grabación and recording.
That said, video can also mean video cassette recorder, or video cassette.
They are similar, but are used in different ways:
Usually translates to just 'video', though it has other meanings.
It can be translated to recording, and it means:
So they have similar meanings, but for vídeo the most common is the concept of a video, and for grabación it's the act of recording a vídeo.
A 'grabación' is best used for non-professional video recording. 'Vídeos' is used for any kind of visual media, usually for short formats.
If you refer to a short format like a youtube video or a video taken with the phone you will say 'vídeo'. But we usually say 'vídeo' if the video is in VHS or BETA format. Those video magnetic cases are named 'vídeos'.
Here you have some examples that I might help you...


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As far as I can tell within an Fourier Transform Spectrometer the spectral information is gained from changing the path length along one arm, this sounds very similar to a michelson interferometer but using two apertures instead of one.
So are there any underlying differences between the two?
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1 Answer 1
up vote 1 down vote accepted
You are right, fourier transform spectrometer is just a scanning Michelson interferometer. In spectroscopic applications these are just synonims. Spectral information is a fourier transform of intensity dependence on path length, thus the name. Usually a term wavemeter is used, meaning some interferometric device to measure wavelength, including FTS as well as Fabry–Pérot interferometers.
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Display hidden fields from grid in edit form as texts
There are situation where we need to display the fields in edit form as texts, without a need to update it – just for information. In this article I will explain how to achieve this.
In Guriddo jqGrid there is no build-in way to display certain fields in forms as text for information purposes. Fortunately we have a custom functions with which we can do this.
In this example we will use custom_element and custom_value in editoptions object. The another requirement is that the field should be hidden in grid, but displayed into the form. Below are the settings in colModel which will do this:
colModel: [
 label: 'Freigh',
 name: 'Freight',
 width: 150,
 hidden : true,
 editable: true,
 edittype: "custom",
 editoptions: {
 custom_value: getFreightElementValue,
 custom_element: createFreightTextElement
 editrules : { edithidden : true }
In order not to display the field in grid, but in edit form we need to set the hidden option to true and edithidden option to true in editrules object
Now the field should be defined as editable and tell that a custom edit will be applied. This is done with editable: true and edittype: "custom" options in colModel. When a custom edit type is used we need to define two functions in editoptions – custom_element, which is responsible for the creation of our element and custom_value which is responsible for the manipulation of the value for that element. Bello are our two functions.
function createFreightTextElement(value, editOptions) {
 return $(""+value+"");
function getFreightElementValue(elem, oper, value) {
 if (oper === "set") {
 if (oper === "get") {
 return $(elem).text();
As can be seen the function which creates the element createFreightTextElement create a simple span element and append the value in this element. The function getFreightElementValue set the value in form when we walk through the records with navigator buttons (oper = set) and return the value when we push the Submit button form (oper= get). In case if there is a no need to submit this value to the server a serrializeEditData event should be defined in order to remove this Element. Below is the code that do this.
 { edit: true, add: false, del: false, search: false, refresh: true, view: false, align: "left" },
 // edit form options
 closeAfterEdit: true,
 delete data['Freight'];
 return data;
That is all. The example can be seen in our demo page here
Kind Regards,
Tony Tomov
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The 9 best ways to mockup a website
What is the best way to mockup a website? It is the one that will not cause misunderstandings between web designers and web developers.
We offer nine best practices to design a website mockup that can significantly help you to develop and implement it with ease.
1. Separate every page/view when design a website mockup
Every page/view should be prepared as a separate PSD file with a corresponding intuitive name.
2. Observe the grid layout when mockup a website
All structural elements of the design should be arranged as an appropriate layered structure with clear titles, so a programmer can easily find all the parts, e.g.:
- slider
- sign-up button
- navigating arrows
- close cross
- about us block
- text
- who we are block
- text
- button find out more
The structure above is intuitively clear and possible to arrange correctly. It makes it possible to quickly assemble the page frame and position elements on the page.
3. Consider the screen resolution to improve design of a website mockup
All sizes and fonts should be integer values set in pixels and correspond to the size of the screen resolution that your design is prepared for (so a developer will not need to work on manual scaling or guessing how it should be changed for the different solutions).
4. Think over the structure for different devices when mockup a website
If there should be a specific (different) structure for mobile compared to the web, a designer must provide exact representations for those screens to keep all sizes, paddings, and elements accordingly.
5. Feel free to create additional folders for your website mockup
A designer must provide all used icons and all high-resolution images (if they exist for any kind of sliders, banners etc.) in a separate folder.
6. Describe graphic elements when design a website mockup
For all the elements with alternative visual states (like active, inactive, blocked, mouse-over, etc.), a designer must include a graphic representation of how these elements should look like for each particular state (it is related to buttons, navigation elements, etc.).
7. Specify colours to improve mockup design
Sometimes there are specific colours that can hardly be seen on different screen types (as you know, Macs have other displaying options, and sometimes in-between tints are missing for the human eye).
Specify these colours with a HEX number.
8. Describe the animation when design a website mockup
For all animations that a front-end developer needs to create (like flashes, pop-ups, etc.), a designer should describe them in an additional readme file.
9. Don't forget about typography elements to mockup a website
When you design a website mockup it is necessary to have a different layout with the standard typography design elements:
 - headings
 - paragraphs
 - tables
 - lists
 - blocks of quotation
Final words about mockup a website
Use these proven tips to design a website mockup any front-end developer will be happy to work with.
Remember, that thr right website mockup can save plenty of communication and management time (from 10% to 30% of overall work time) when working with a particular view/web page/mobile screen.
Just like any idea needs Proof of Concept, any design needs a well-thought-out mockup. It can simplify the customer's life, the designer, the programmer, and the whole team indeed.
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Get Example source ABAP code based on a different SAP table
garbage collector Deletes objects that are no longer referenced by heap references or field symbols and for which no method is registered as an event handler. The garbage collector is called periodically by the ABAP runtime environment. It tracks the reference variables of deleted objects. See also weak reference.


How to Email Multiple Files Using a ZIP File
Sending lots of files over email is much easier with a ZIP file
What to Know
 - Select the files you want to send, right-click one of them, and Send to > Compressed (zipped) folder.
 - Name the file, as prompted.
 - Email the ZIP file as you would any other file.
This article describes how to make and send ZIP files in Windows.
How to Create and Send ZIP files
 1. Select the files and/or folders you want to compress. They'll become highlighted to show that they've been selected. Right-click one of the selected items and go to Send to > Compressed (zipped) folder.
 To include files in different locations in the same ZIP file, include just one to start with. Then, drag and drop the rest of the files into the ZIP file. You can drop them in one at a time or several at once.
 2. Name the file something descriptive so that the recipient understands at a glance what the folder contains. For example, if the ZIP file holds vacation images, name it something like Vacation Pics 2021, not something obscure such as the files you wanted or photos.
 Screenshot showing how to rename a ZIP file in Windows 10
 Renaming a ZIP File in Windows 10.
 To rename the file, right-click the ZIP file and choose Rename.
 3. Attach and send the file in your email client just as you would any other file.
 For example, in
 1. Click New message or Reply, whichever's appropriate.
 2. Click the paperclip (attachment) button at the bottom of the message.
 3. Select Browse this computer.
 4. Click the ZIP file you created.
 5. Click Open > Attach as a copy.
You also can use third-party programs such as 7-Zip, PeaZip, and Keka to make and send ZIP files.
If the ZIP file is too large to send over email, upload it to OneDrive first and then send the recipient a link to download it.
About ZIP Files
ZIP files are much like folders, except they act like files. You can put all the files you want to send into this special file, and your email client will treat it as any other file. In this way, only one file (the ZIP file) is sent. When the recipient receives your email, they can open the ZIP file to see all the files and folders you sent within it.
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_USER_ {export:192693, abstract = {
Effective nonverbal communication between patients and clinicians fosters both the delivery of empathic patient-centered care and positive patient outcomes. However, few efforts to develop tools for enhancing clinician communication have focused on nonverbal aspects of the clinical encounter. We describe a novel system that both uses social signal processing technology (SSP) to capture nonverbal cues in real time and displays ambient visual feedback on control and affiliation---two primary, yet distinct dimensions of interpersonal nonverbal communication. To explore clinicians' acceptance of and reaction to an ambient visual feedback from such a system, we conducted a Wizard-of-Oz lab study to simulate system use with 16 healthcare professionals. We further followed up with 7 of those participants and iterated on the design with a new visualization. Our results indicate that reflective visual feedback on nonverbal communication provides an acceptable way to provide clinicians with awareness of their nonverbal communication. Furthermore, we discuss implications for the design of visual feedback to encourage empathic patient-centered communication.
}, author = {Rupa A. Patel and A. Hartzler and M. Czerwinski and W. Pratt and A. Back}, month = {May}, publisher = {IEEE Pervasive Health}, title = {Visual Feedback on Nonverbal Communication: A Design Exploration with Healthcare Professionals}, url = {_URL_ year = {2013}, }


text:
Fruit crop values increase
Although the overall value of Washington's agricultural production dropped 8 percent in 2009 from the previous year, grapes set a record high value, according to the Washington State Department of Agriculture.
Grape growers contributed $210 million to the state's agricultural economy, figures compiled by the National Agricultural Statistics Service for the year 2009, show.
Apples continued to top the list of Washington's agricultural commodities with a value of $1.5 billion, a 14 percent increase from 2008. Apples represented 21 percent of the total agricultural value, compared with 17 percent in 2008. The per-acre value for apples was $9,628, the highest of any commodity except storage onions, which had a value of $11,063.
Fruit and nut crops as a whole were valued at $2 billion, up 5 percent from 2008, but the value of specialty products, at $373 million, was the lowest in many years.


text:
ISTANBUL - Anatolia News Agency
The Ottomans' popular drink, sherbet, known for its healing effects, has been increasingly forgotten over time and is now largely consumed ceremonially in Ramadan
The restaurant prepares some 100 types
of traditional Ottoman sherbet and offers 15-20 types a day to its customers. AA photos
Sherbet, once the most popular Ottoman drink, has been essentially relegated to symbolic consumption during the holy month of Ramadan even though it is a healthier alternative to today's soft drinks, according to one restaurant proprietor.
"People of all ages are drinking soft drinks which are very harmful. We are trying to keep the sherbet tradition alive in our restaurant," Abdullah Korun, general director of Istanbul's 123-year-old restaurant Hacı Abdullah Lokantası, recently old Anatolia news agency. "We prepare nearly 100 types of sherbet but we serve 15 to 20 types a day to our customers. Restaurants should keep such natural drinks rather than soda drinks."
During the time of the Ottomans, there were roughly 300 types of sherbets made from various fresh flowers and fruits such as rose, lily, jasmine, silverberry, lotus, violet and others. Today, this traditional drink is still kept alive in modern life but with fewer types. Korun said sherbet was one of the most important products both in the kitchen of the palace and the public in the past.
The director of the restaurant, which was opened during the era of Abdülhamit II, said sherbet, made from dried and cold stewed fruits, was a favorite and irreplaceable drink, particularly during the holy month of Ramadan. "In the past, there were no refrigeration systems like fridges and sherbet was prepared and consumed daily," he added. Forgotten through time
Korun said the Ottomans' sherbet began to be forgotten through time. "Almost all housewives in Ottoman times used to prepare canned foods, pickles and sherbet in their house, but today, since women are involved in social and business life, this tradition is disappearing," he said.
He said it was consumed both in winter and summer during Ottoman times since it had a significant place in social life. "People used to benefit from natural methods to avoid diseases in the past. But in Ottoman times, people used to drink sherbet to protect themselves from diseases. Of course, the medicine sector was not developed that much and there were not too many types of diseases. This is why sherbet was the most important medicine," Korun said.
Cranberry, quince, black mulberry and wild strawberry sherbets are particularly good for tonsil problems and cold, he said.


text: A customised African release of CAST (Computer Assisted Statistics Textbooks) has provided much-needed access to a series of modern statistics textbooks for many students in Africa. The recent addition of a collection of interactive CAST exercises has proved valuable in strengthening the learning of statistical concepts by students. A new CAST testing system has been developed to present the exercises as formal test questions. Students can practice beforehand with similar randomised exercises and can get immediate feedback as soon as the test is finished. This paper describes a pilot study in Kenya to evaluate the added benefit of using the CAST tests and is its first evaluation. Use of these tests is linked to an on-line course called "Statistics Made Simple". The effectiveness of the tests is discussed.


text:
The city of Coos Bay has drafted an ordinance to allow wind turbines in town.
The World of Coos Bay reports that turbines have been under a moratorium, but the city plans to take public comment in early 2013.
The draft ordinance would allow turbines no higher than 70 feet - industrial wind turbines are more than 250 feet.
For large turbines, residents would have to show that noise would be minimal, viewsheds would not be disturbed and that the device would meet tough safety standards. Restrictions would be reduced for smaller devices.
An Oregon State University expert tells the paper that urban settings aren't generally favorable for turbines: Both wind speed and elevation are low.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Suppose $f$ is a $C^\infty$ function from the reals to the reals that is never negative. Does it have a $C^\infty$ square root? Clearly the only problem points are those at which $f$ vanishes.
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A natural extension of the question is whether every non-negative smooth function is the sum of finitely many squares of smooth functions. The standard anwser from the literature seems to be "there is an unpublished counterexample by S.Cohen and D.Epstein". Does anybody know what this counterexample look like? – Guillaume Aubrun Aug 27 '12 at 15:11
2 Answers 2
up vote 31 down vote accepted
The answer is "no". This is covered in great detail here:
share|improve this answer
There is a famous open problem, whose solution is attributed to Paul Cohen, but no published paper seems to be available: there exists $f\in C^\infty(\mathbb R,\mathbb R_+)$ such that $f$ is not a finite sum of squares of smooth functions. That could be a relevant question for MO. – Bazin Aug 31 '12 at 20:18
The function $$f(x) = \begin{cases} \sin^2 \left(\frac{1}{x} \right) e^{-1/x} + e^{-2/x} & \text{if $x > 0$,}\\ 0 & \text{if $x \leq 0$,} \end{cases}$$ is $C^\infty$ but has no $C^2$ square root. I found this example in the paper Choosing roots of polynomials smoothly by Alekseevsky, Kriegl, Losik, and Michor (available freely here). This example appears to have come from Frank Warner's (unpublished) 1963 dissertation.
share|improve this answer
Yes, and functions of this type are discussed in section 2 of the reference I gave in my answer. – Dick Palais Aug 25 '12 at 4:17
Both answers were helpful. It appears that the answer is yes if you add the additional assumption that $f^3$ has a square root. Of course, a square root of $f$ is a square root of $f^3$ divided by $f$, but while you can easily show such a function is continuous, it is not so easy to show it $C^\infty$. But thanks to both of you. I wish I could check both. – Michael Barr Aug 25 '12 at 11:15
See also the follow-up mat.univie.ac.at/~michor/roots2.pdf – Andres Caicedo May 20 '13 at 3:47
Your Answer


text:
Search for organizer data
You can search for organizer data on your BlackBerry® device that contains specific information.
- On the Home screen or in the Applications folder, click the Search icon.
- Perform any of the following actions:
- Select the check box beside one or more applications.
- Press the Menu key.
- Click Search.
After you finish: To stop a search, press the Escape key.
Note: If you type more than one word in the Text or Name field, only items that contain all the words appear.
Previous topic: Organizer data