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What is the minimum real value of $z_0$ for which the following equation has a non-zero solution in $z$?
$$\tan(z) = - \frac{1}{\sqrt{ \left(\dfrac{z_0}{z}\right)^2-1 } }$$
It seems that $z_0 = \frac{\pi}{2}$ is a the threshold but I am unable to prove this.
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Are you sure about min and not inf? – Kaster Feb 25 '13 at 21:11
_USER_ I haven't been very careful about "min" vs "inf". I would like to know what is the answer, however accurately it can be given. – user6818 Feb 25 '13 at 21:37
Answer is $z_0 > \frac \pi 2$, but this set doesn't have min. It has inf though. As for the difference, min is something that belongs to the set, i.e. reachable at some point, whereas inf not necessaryly, it can be outside of the set. Just like this interval -- it doesn't have min, because whatever value you choose as min you'll be able to find the value from the same interval which is less than that so called min. But inf, it is least possible number $m$ s.t. $m \le z, \forall z \in Z$. – Kaster Feb 25 '13 at 22:00
1 Answer 1
up vote 0 down vote accepted
Plot both functions $y = \frac {\tan z}z$ and $y = -\frac 1{\sqrt{z_0^2-z^2}}$ (to better understand both functions' domains). Also let's consider $z>0$ domain, since both functions are even.
enter image description here
So you can see, that second function has vertical asymptote at $x = z_0$, which means it never goes beyond that line. Also, it's always negative. At the same time, $\tan z$ (as well as $\frac {\tan z}z$) is positive, and change its sign only when $z > \frac \pi2$, so the only way to those two function to intersect is when $y = -\frac 1{\sqrt{z_0^2-z^2}}$ function's asymptote lies beyond $\frac \pi2$.
So the answer is - $z_0$ to those two lines defined above to intersect is set $z_0 > \frac \pi2$. This set doesn't have minimum value, but $\inf z_0 = \frac \pi2$.
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Why are you looking at the function "y= z tan z"? I would think you should look at $y = (tan z)/z" (..if you want to intersect it with "-1/Sqrt(z_0^2 - z^2)"..) – user6818 Feb 26 '13 at 1:31
You're right. I'll fix it soon. It doesn't change answer though, sine it's based on signs. – Kaster Feb 26 '13 at 1:37
I have fixed it. – Kaster Feb 26 '13 at 1:43
I've changed those equations at first because by some reason I thought it's range would be messed up, but it turned out it's not. Anyway, either way is valid. – Kaster Feb 26 '13 at 2:49
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text:
In the electromagnetic field computation in consideration of nonlinear magnetic anisotropy, the solution by the Newton-Raphson method has some problems which are an asymmetric matrix and poor convergence characteristic. We applied the Fixed-Point method to the electromagnetic field computation in consideration of nonlinear magnetic anisotropy and examined the usefulness of the Fixed-Point method through comparing the Fixed-Point method with the ordinary Newton-Raphson method. The Fixed-Point method with a symmetric matrix is quite faster than the Newton-Raphson method with an asymmetric matrix. Therefore, the Fixed-Point method is a very useful technique in nonlinear magnetic anisotropy problems.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
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Given that much of the world does not use these modern toilet inventions, it's hard to imagine what a bidet toilet seat is if one hasn't seen one before.
While the bidet has roots in Europe tracing back to the 17th century, bidet toilet seats were invented in Japan in the 1980s by a company called Toto. They call these bidet seats the Toto Washlet and the "washlet" has since been used to refer to electronic bidet seats, much like how Kleenex is used to refer to facial tissues. Since they were invented they have spread to other Asian countries such as South Korea, Taiwan, and Hong Kong. Bidet toilet seats are widespread in Japan and South Korea.
A bidet toilet seat is essentially a toilet seat with a built-in bidet. You may have seen a traditional bidet before. These are quite common in places such as Italy, Spain, and Portugal. They are usually placed beside the toilet and look just like one, but function like a sink.
Bidets are mainly used to wash and clean the genital area, anus, and inner buttocks. They were not meant to replace toilet paper, but to provide some cleanliness without having to take a full shower.
Nowadays, with the invention of the electronic toilet seat bidet, it's possible to replace toilet paper completely as these devices have drying capabilities.
A bidet toilet seat looks like this:
And water from the bidet function comes out from this nozzle:
Bidet toilet seats are meant to replace existing toilet seats, turning them into toilet seats with bidets without having to replace the whole toilet.
How does a bidet seat work?
After you finish using the toilet, stay seated on the toilet and activate the bidet.
To turn on the bidet function, you press a button on the control. A bidet toilet seat is operated by either an attached control panel on the side of the seat or a remote control.
Using the control, you can adjust the temperature of the water to your liking as well as the position of the nozzle. You can also adjust the pressure of the spray. The nozzle extends when you activate it and retracts when you're finished using it.
Bidet seats do more than just clean. They typically have heated seats which make using the toilet in the winter super comfortable. They also have air dryers so you can dry up quickly. And to keep things sanitary, nozzles usually have automatic self-cleaning abilities that activate between toilet use.
Bidet seats are safe to use for people of all ages. Bidet seat use is particularly high among elderly people because they don't have to move so much when using the toilet and it's much easier to keep clean than constantly having to take a shower.
Bidet seats also help people with medical conditions heal faster by keeping things cleaner. In fact, bidet seats were inspired by cleansing medical devices that people were using. They are a significant improvement to those devices that sprayed water at unpredictable temperatures and angles.
We hope this has been a helpful introduction to bidet toilet seats. If you would like to purchase one to try out in your home, check out our carefully-selected recommendations below. If you have any questions for us about bidet seats in general, let us know below as well!


how the XML is formatted. If you use the XmlSerializer regularly, then this should look familiar. The rule on OrderItem will check if the object is marked as dirty. If so, it tells the parent order to recalculate its total, and changes the dirty flag back to false. Notice also how the full type names are specified in this XML. Rules are always associated with a type. The rule names are also the same, but since they're on different types, it's OK.
RuleExec makes the job of coding a lot easier. We don't have to worry about running the parser ourselves or doing any of the set up work that was done in the previous section. The code below will create an Order, add an OrderItem to it, and change the number of units on that item:
Order o = new Order();
OrderItem oi = o.NewItem(2.3f, 2);
oi.Units = 5;
Console.WriteLine(" Total: " + o.Total);
Console.WriteLine(" Total: " + o.Total);
Looks much easier, huh? Here is the resulting output of this code:
 Total: 4.6
 Total: 11.5
Priorities and Halting
While working on my Guess Word game, I found that it is not guaranteed which order rules will be run in. They are not even run in the same order that they were entered into the RuleSet. Sometimes, it is necessary to run rules in a particular order. The solution to this is to use a priority.

The priority attributes in this rule set indicate that Rule1 should run before Rule2. While it may seem that Rule1 will run before Rule2 anyway, this is not guaranteed. To guarantee the order, we specify the priority. In this particular case, forward-chaining would take over and recognize that we changed the Bar property. If Rule2 runs before Rule1, the worst that could happen is that the rule set is run twice. But, imagine you have several rules, all changing properties. Unless you use priorities, the rules could end up running many more times than they have to.
Another feature that is needed is halting. Rules in Workflow Foundation are allowed to have halt commands. These commands can be inserted anywhere into a set of then or else actions. What puzzles me about this is that conditions and loops are not allowed in then or else actions, so there's always a sequential flow. Anything after a halt would therefore be unreachable. With this in mind, it is safe to make halting an attribute on a rule.
Obviously, halts are false by default, and do not need to be specified. The same goes for priority. By default, all priorities are zero, and the Workflow Foundation decides the order that they're run in.
The new Windows Workflow Foundation in.NET 3.0 adds a rules library that can be quite useful. There are times when you're writing an application that you feel that you'll need rules, but not workflow. That's the reason I've put together this library. Microsoft has included a rule-writing GUI that will end up writing a.rules file that pairs with your original source code. This is nice for the workflow environment, but the serialization is not in a human-readable format. Using my CodeDom expression parser, I have made it possible to write rules in the application configuration. My intention was to introduce people to this rules library, and to give them the ability to embed rules into their application.
What's Inside
Here's a listing of the files inside:
 - CodeDomExpParser - My CodeDom expression parser library.
 - DmCodeDom - CodeDom helper library.
 - Assignment.cs - Creates a CodeAssignmentStatement.
 - Declaration.cs - Creates a CodeVariableDeclarationStatement.
 - DmCdStmt.cs - Base class.
 - ExprStmt.cs - Creates a CodeExpressionStatement.
 - ForLoop.cs - Creates a CodeIterationStatement.
 - IfElse.cs - Creates a CodeConditionStatement.
 - DmCodeDom.TestHarness - NUnit test harness for the DmCodeDom library.
 - TestDmCd.cs - Contains code that was mentioned in the article.
 - DmRules
 - Configuration\DmRulesConfigHandler.cs - A configuration section handler to read the rules from the application configuration.
 - DmRule.cs - Represents a rule.
 - DmRuleSet.cs - Holds all the rules.
 - DmRuleTypeSet.cs - Pairs a rule with a type.
 - RuleExec.cs - Static helper class for running rules.
 - DmRules.TestHarness - NUnit test harness for DmRules.
 - BaseObject.cs - A base class that has the IsDirty property.
 - Order.cs - The Order class used above.
 - OrderItem.cs - The OrderItem class used above.
 - TestDmRules.cs - Contains code that was used in the article.
 - 0.1 : 2006-06-20 : Initial version
 - Updated the CodeDomExpParser library to work with.NET 2.0. Created the initial version of DmRules with the capability to run rules per type. The primary consideration for the future of the library is forward-chaining across types.
 - 0.2 : 2006-07-10 : Added priorities and halting
 - Rules are not guaranteed to run in any particular order. Assigning a priority can fix this problem. Sometimes, it is necessary to halt processing of other rules, a halt command has been added for this.
About the Author
Dustin Metzgar
Software Developer Microsoft
United States United States
No Biography provided
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QuestionHow do i assign a string to a variable. Pin
asp.anjan20-Nov-10 19:09
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AnswerRe: How do i assign a string to a variable. Pin
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QuestionDynamic Rule to validate Object Pin
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GeneralRe: Dynamic Rule to validate Object Pin
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GeneralRe: Dynamic Rule to validate Object Pin
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GeneralGraphic way to write rules Pin
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GeneralUse System.Workflow.Activities.Rules.Parser Pin
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GeneralRe: Use System.Workflow.Activities.Rules.Parser Pin
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GeneralToo Complicated Pin
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DNA of the Isle of Man
The history of the Isle of Man indicates that the bulk of the population will be of old Celtic origin, as the first inhabitants of the Island spoke Manx Gaelic and were believed to have come from neighbouring Ireland. For a period of some 300 years the Island was also under Norse Viking rule and so it would be expected that there would be genetic traces today on the IOM, left behind through intermarriage with the occupying Scandinavians. Additionally, the Island came under the control of neighbouring Scotland, Ireland and ultimately England at various times in its history, and so it would be expected that some traces of their DNA, insofar as it can be distinguished from that of the indigenous Manx, would also be found today.
The only previous work on the DNA of the Isle of Man was carried out in a study led by Capelli et al. and published in 2003. Amongst other findings, this confirmed the existence in the male population of the British Isles of genetic traces of people of Scandinavian origin in places where Vikings were known to have settled. It is known that there were different waves of Viking movements out of Scandinavia from both Norway and Denmark, but it was not possible to differentiate between the genetic signatures of the Norwegians and Danish.
As part of this study Y-DNA samples were collected and analysed from 62 men resident on the Isle of Man and possessing traditional Manx names. The Y-DNA analysis consisted of testing of 6 Y-STR markers and a range of Y-SNP markers to determine the larger haplogroup designation of the person tested. The results showed that the Manx male population, as tested then, was a mixture of Haplogroups R1a, R1b and I. The broad inference drawn from these results was that approximately 29% of Manx males showed a possible Scandinavian genetic origin (Haplogroups R1a + I) and the remaining 71% (Haplogroup R1b) a Celtic origin.
Since 2003 a number of things have changed however:-
Thus the project coordinator believes that, in light of this background of greater knowledge and access to more precise testing, it may now be possible to shed more light on the genetic background of the population of the Isle of Man, and has initiated this project accordingly.
Details of the project scope and objectives can be found here.
If you have any questions about this site please contact John A Creer. Copyright John A Creer 2013

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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What is concrete written language? It is writing that is full of words that represent things we can see, hear, taste, touch and smell. We can see clouds. We can hear sirens. We can taste beer. We can touch the skin. We can smell perfume. See what I mean?
Concrete language is the opposite of vague language.
When a writer uses too much vague language, the writing loses impact. This is why it is better to show emotion then it is to tell the reader what emotion one or more characters are feeling.
If a character is in love, don't tell the reader that the character is in love. Show that the character is in love. And how does a writer show that a character is in love? There are several ways. Through the character's mannerisms, actions and dialogue. And when a writer does this, that writer's character will come alive for the reader because the reader will be able to see and hear that the character is in love.
That is much more satisfying for a reader than the writer telling the reader that the character is in love. Concrete language = show don't tell writing.
My Ebook of show don't tell fiction is ready for download on the Home Page of this blog.


TRIVIAL PURSUITS: What is the difference between a green olive and a black olive?
One may think that green and black olives are two different fruits (or vegetables?).
First of all, according to the Oxford dictionary, an olive, just like a plum or a cherry, is a fruit. The olive is the small, bitter-tasting fruit of the olive tree, Olea europea. Olives are classified as fruit because they're formed from the ovary of the olive flower, and they're seed-bearing structures—the pits could grow into trees if you planted them. In culinary terms, however, olives are like those other fruit, tomatoes, and are treated as a vegetable.
Green olives are not from a different tree than black olives, they are just picked before they are ripe.
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REFLECTIVE LATTICE STRIPS
Reflective strips can be divided into the reflective webbing, reflective lattice strips, reflective fabrics, which are widely used in reflective vests, reflective overalls, labor insurance garments, bags, shoes, umbrellas, raincoats, etc.
Reflective crystal lattice also known as reflective lattice strip is processed by reflective lattice sheet indentation. It has various specifications, stripes, and colors. When the light is directed to the reflective lattice strip, it will produce good reflection effect and improve nighttime visibility which can play a good warning role.
Reflective crystal lattice strips are mainly used as clothing accessories or jewelry materials and are widely used in traffic management, fire protection, sanitation, urban management, road rescue, road maintenance, etc., which are required to engage in field activities and nighttime workers' protective equipment. Apply to professional clothing, casual wear, sportswear, fashion, hats, gloves, backpacks, etc., can also produce all kinds of reflective products, jewelry.
Pressing pattern: W shape, diamond shape, etc.
Width: Conventional is 2.5cm, 5cm. Can be customized according to customer requirements, printing logo.
Regular color: fluorescent white, fluorescent yellow, orange, red or other colors required by the guest.
Features: Cold resistance: minus -30 degrees, extremely cold-resistant, no cracking at very low temperatures, maintaining flexibility
1. The reflective crystal lattice is mainly divided into two kinds of crystal lattices. One is a lattice belt.
Reflective crystal lattice (also known as the reflective sheet, mainly made of PVC plastic dissolved by special machine cooling, the reflective sheet and also
There are many different patterns of trademarks that can be made by the high-frequency mechanism. There are 24 common colors for reflective PVC tapes.
Reflective lattice strip (also known as lattice strip, mainly made of reflective sheet and PVC glass composite with the high-frequency machine)
2. The hardness of the reflective sheet is also normal:
Soft reflective sheets, also known as the cold resistant reflective sheet, are used in winter and cold regions, such as Russia, the Arctic, the Antarctic, and the winter in northern China.
Normal temperature, which is the current weather, is also commonly used, not soft or hard, suitable for Southeast Asia, summer springs in other places
Hard reflective sheets, also known as heat-resistant sheets, are used in some areas in summer.
So when the order is coming, we always asked what season they use.
3. The reflective lattice belt is mainly used in:
Clothing: police, traffic police, security, sanitation, petrol stations, miners, docks, and other work uniforms, etc.
Luggage: trolley case, shoulder bag, backpack, (now schoolbags for primary and secondary school students) and tool bags, tools Package, etc.
Shoes and hats: casual shoes, sports shoes, casual hats, work hats, hats worn by sanitation municipal personnel, etc.
Other: accessories, pet clothes, etc.
HANGZHOU CHINASTARS REFLECTIVE MATERIAL CO., LTD has been focusing on the production, research and development and sales of reflective materials and reflective garments for 15 years. It is currently the leading company in domestic reflective products. Product coverage: all kinds of reflective clothing, reflective hot stickers, reflective webbing, reflective edging, reflective vest, reflective raincoat, reflective jacket and so on. Products have passed the European and American international certification and are exported all over the world. So far, we have provided safety protection products for Petro China, Sinopec, China Eastern Airlines, Xiamen Airlines, China Railway Construction, Zhejiang Construction Group, and Hangzhou Metro.
The company will continue to adhere to the "integrity, cooperation, and win-win" business philosophy, provide good products to the society and contribute to the national traffic safety cause.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I have this SWT widget (color picker) with label:
enter image description here
By pressing the star button, color picker field transforms into code field, where you can write code:
enter image description here
I am not satisfied with this "star button", which is used to change input mode for color. I think there are should be some alternative, how this could be done. But I can't think of any other application with the same functionality. Any ideas?
share|improve this question
2 Answers 2
You could make the dropdown box editable, then when the user starts typing the control suggests colors from the list. For advanced users the box should accept color values in hex.
share|improve this answer
If I want a custom colour, I have to select the star, and then enter in the colour value. You are adding an extra step for no benefit, and adding something that is not very clear.
I would instead treat the dropdown as a shortcut to a defined colour which modifies a text field which can represent a hex colour, or a code colour.
That way it is clean and simple to use, and makes it as fast as possible.
Here is an mockup of what I mean:
enter image description here
If you have the ability, I would also make the colour block a link to a colour palette with relevant colours. This would also act as a shortcut to change the hex value or code value depending on what is most applicable. Something similar to this:
enter image description here
share|improve this answer
Thank you for your answer, my mistake - I explained what I want to do in a very brief way. I can't go away from code field, this is the domain-specific area of app. It must be there. Also there are other different GUI elements: width pickers, style pickers, text editors and so on that will have two different input modes. Color is the only example. Hence, I need this "trigger" to switch on the "input code mode". What is the most intuitive way for end-user to perform it? End-users are aware of code input and app functionality. – Steve Mar 7 '13 at 18:22
_USER_ could you please explain how the 4th example shown would not work? You could just not use hex codes, but keep the text area for domain specific code. – JohnGB Mar 7 '13 at 18:43
yes, you are right about 4th example. But since this two colors could be different, it would be too confusing – Steve Mar 7 '13 at 20:08
_USER_ How could two be different? – JohnGB Mar 7 '13 at 20:33
design time / runtime – Steve Mar 11 '13 at 8:05
Your Answer


text:
The example below shows how to integrate DMX into Taphome via Taphome DMX Gateway.
- STEP: Connect DMX GATEWAY to any Taphome BUS terminal. It can be at the terminal along with other Taphome modules.
- STEP: Set up DMX Gateqay within Taphome application
a) Make sure that terminal is linked to TapHomeBus CCU within the Hardware settings page
b) Start "Find new devices" scan within TapHome Bus settings page
c) After successful scan open DMXG device within TapHome Bus settings page
d) Use "+ Add device" to add new DMX device
e) The result


Pythia8 Generation of Z' Processes
The download and installation of Pythia8 can be found here. If the user does not have any experience with Pythia8 then it is recommended to follow the Pythia8 installation on that page in order to gain general familiarity with the event generator.
The production of Z\x92 decays within the context of the E6 models is a fairly straightforward process since Pythia8 includes the Z\x92 inherently within the standalone package. In order to generate the Z\x92 decays Pythia8 requires the setting of a number of parameters and hopefully this twiki page should guide the user towards successful generation.
The Pythia8 Online Manual is linked and the Z\x92 documentation can be found within the New Gauge Bosons section of the Process Select category.
Parameter Specification
This section will describe the parameters that need to be set in order for Pythia8 to do its job. The parameters included within this section must be modified before event generation and must be included in the generation code through the command:
where value is the parameter to be modified. In order to start the generation of Z\x92 decays the user must include:
NewGaugeBoson::ffbar2gmZZprime = on
which will set the process for the generation. Next the user should specify the final state particles that they would want in their event. If the user wants only a single type of particle, for example electron/positron final states, two commands must be in place:
32:onMode = off
32:onIfAny = 11
where the first command switched off all decay modes for the Z\x92, which has an ID of 32, and the second command then switched on the decay mode for only electron/positron final states. This twiki will assume electron/positron final states but the same could be done for muons where the user should input the muon ID into the string.
The mass of the Z\x92 that Pythia8 uses is set at 500 GeV by default. The way to modify the mass of the Z\x92 is with:
32:m0 = 1500
which will produce a 1500 GeV Z\x92 and can obviously be changed to any mass value.
Next up is to select the mode that the user wants to run the generation in. This will specify which of the particles: photon/Z/Z\x92 contribute to the event and will impact various distributions. For example, if Z/Z\x92 is being used then in the invariant mass of the final state particles there will be two peaks: one for the Z and one for the Z\x92.
Regardless of what is specified here the ID of the intermediary particle will always be assigned a value of 32 and the possible decay channels are specified by the decay channels that are allowed for the Z\x92.
The various modes are:
0: photon/Z/Z\x92 with interference
1: pure photon
2: pure Z
3: pure Z\x92
4: photon/Z with interference
5: photon/Z\x92 with interference
6: Z/Z\x92 with interference
And the argument that needs to be included is:
Zprime:gmZmode = 0
Forward-Backward Asymmetry Note: If you are planning on looking at AFB then it is going to be necessary to run with additional interference from the photon. If the user ran with strictly Z\x92 then the AFB will be approximately zero. When I ran my generation with photon/Z/Z' interference the correct AFB plot would eventually be produced.
Finally we get to the couplings for the Z\x92 which will define which of the E6 models the user is generating. Pythia8 allows for the specification of the axial and vector couplings to all the quarks and leptons in the Standard Model but the more general setting has the user specifying the couplings for the first generation and then assuming they are the same for the others. In order to accomplish this the user should add to their code:
Zprime:universality = on
So that now the only couplings that need to be specified are the ones for the first generation and Pythia will use these values for the other generations. It should be noted that Pythia8 uses its own convention for the Z\x92 couplings. Thus the user will not be able to take the couplings from a theory paper and directly place them into their code. If the user wishes to see the Pythia8 convention and how it compares with other conventions the relevant paper can be found here which will contain the expressions for each of the couplings as a function of the mixing angle on page 6.
And to set the couplings for the various particles the arguments are:
Zprime:vd = 0
Zprime:ad = 0.5055
Zprime:vu = 0
Zprime:au = 0.5055
Zprime:ve = 0
Zprime:ae = 0.5055
Zprime:vnue = 0.2527
Zprime:anue = 0.2527
where the values presented are for the E6 Psi model. Additionally the Z\x92 couplings for various E6 models within the Pythia convention already in decimal form can be found here: LINK.
An example of a Pythia8.cc file that generates Z\x92 decays is located here. This file will generate 10,000 events for Z\x92 -> e- e+ with photon/Z/Z\x92 interference within the E6 Psi model and saves it to a LHE file. The LHE file can then be converted to a root n-tuple using ExRootAnalysis.
Radiation and the Event Record
The next modification that the user may wish to do is to allow leptons the ability to radiate photons. By default Pythia8 has this option turned off and the LHEF initialization should be:
LHAupFromPYTHIA8 myLHA(&pythia.process, &;
If the user wanted to change the default so that leptons could radiate photons the string that must be included is:
TimeShower:QEDshowerByL = on
and the LHEF initialization must also be changed to:
LHAupFromPYTHIA8 myLHA(&pythia.event, &;
so that the event record will contain the radiated photons and their corresponding decays. If the LHEF initialization is not modified then the event record may be incomplete and the kinematics might not reflect the changes caused by the radiation.
Once the two changes are in place Pythia8 will generate your events with radiation and produce the correct LHE file. This file will contain thousands of particles for each event due to the radiation of photons and their corresponding decays. Since the photons will decay into electron/positron states there may be multiple pairs of final state electrons and the challenge becomes finding the pair that decayed from the intermediary Z and not the photons. This is complicated because of how Pythia8 handles radiation and how it modifies the particle record. In order to radiate photons Pythia8 will create a chain of the same type of particle with small changes in momentum between them (i.e. electron -> electron -> electron and the same can be true for the Z/Z'/positron). The differences in momentum between the electrons in the chain will correspond to the momentum of a photon in your event which was radiated by the electron. These chains of particles will prevent the user from looking at the first mother of the electron as it may return another electron and not the intermediary boson.
The simplest method of determining the electron pair that had decayed from the intermediary boson is to select the highest pt electron and positron. This will work the majority of the time and is a useful method when looking at particles that have went through a detector simulation.
However if the user wants to find only the electrons coming off of the boson then they will need to exploit the mother and child relationshipos. When converting the LHE file to a root n-tuple using ExRootAnalysis the user will be given two additional variables: Mother1 and Mother2. These designate the position in the particle index where the mother is stored and can be used to find the correct final state particles. There is one caveat: the particle index starts at 0 while the index in Mother1 and Mother2 start at 1. In order to determine the mother's ID of the current final state particle the user should write the following into their code:
int RealMotherIndex = Particle_Mother1[i] -1;
int MotherID = Particle_PID[RealMotherIndex];
where "i" is the index being looped over within the particle loop.
-- AaronVermeersch - 10 Jul 2013
Topic attachments
I Attachment Action Size DateSorted ascending Who Comment
E6_Zprime_Generation.cccc manage 2 K 09 Jul 2013 - 16:27 AaronVermeersch Example of a Script to Generate Z' Processes in E6 Psi Models
E6Parameters.shsh manage 836 bytes 09 Jul 2013 - 16:30 AaronVermeersch Calculated Z' Couplings for Various Models
Topic revision: r6 - 13 Aug 2013, AaronVermeersch
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text:
Should you visit Cuenca or Temuco?
Which city should you visit? Read on to compare the prices of travel for Cuenca and Temuco. We'll break down costs for accommodation, food, transportation and more to help you learn more about these two destinations. Then, you can figure out if either of these two places are accessible based on your travel budget. So, let's dig into it.
Cuenca is a vibrant colonial city in southern Ecuador, the third largest in the country, and the capital of Azuay Province. Cuenca is considered as Ecuador's most important and beautiful colonial city after Quito. Dating from the 16th century, Cuenca's historic center, a Unesco World Heritage Site with its trademark skyline of massive rotundas and soaring steeples, is a magical sight in which you will feel like you are moving back in time. Cuenca is the center of many craft traditions, including ceramics, metalwork and the internationally famous panama hat. The nearby villages also offer many other handicrafts. Tourists enjoy wandering the ancient streets discovering picturesque alleys and hidden corners, where nuns march along cobblestone streets and kids in Catholic-school uniforms skip past historic churches. Fascinating historic monuments and fabulous views are found at every turn. Cuenca also has outstanding art museums and festivals. For a rewarding cultural experience, visit during Easter to attend the Festival of Religious Music.
Temuco is a large and modern city found 680 km south of Santiago. While the city is dynamic, it does not have any particular charm with the exception of being a great point of departure for many excursions around the lake region and the many national parks found in the surrounding area. Temuco is also well known for its Mapuche culture, a proud and rebellious community of around 20 000 in the area today, who has fought continuously against every invaders in the past.
Which city is cheaper, Temuco or Cuenca?
These are the overall average travel costs for the two destinations.
The average daily cost (per person) in Cuenca is $34, while the average daily cost in Temuco is $81. These costs include accommodation (assuming double occupancy, so the traveler is sharing the room), food, transportation, and entertainment. While every person is different, these costs are an average of past travelers in each city. Below is a breakdown of travel costs for Cuenca and Temuco in more detail.
Accommodation prices vary by location and style, but travelers pay on average about $20 for a double occupancy room in Cuenca.
For a normal double-occupancy room in Temuco, $90 is the average cost for a hotel room. Also in Temuco, the typical price for a place to stay for one person is $45, such as in a hostel.
Food in Cuenca costs travelers about $12 per day on average. Restaurants can vary significantly in price, so choose wisely if you're trying to save money. Fast food and street stalls are typically your cheapest options, which sit down restaurants can be significantly more expensive.
The price of a meal in Temuco can vary widely. However, the average price for food per day is $23 per person, and a typical meal will cost around $9.20 based on the spending of previous visitors. Less expensive dining options can be found by eating street food or at fast food restaurants.
Meals for one day
Typical Food prices in Cuenca
Below are a few samples from actual travelers for food and meal costs in Cuenca:
Food Tours and Cooking Classes in Cuenca
Also, here are some specific examples of food and dining related activities in Cuenca.
Cooking Class & Market Tour in Cuenca:
Cuenca City Tour & Cooking Class (PRIVATE Tour):
The average price of local transportation around Cuenca is $8.60 per person, per day. As this average includes both taxis and public transport, keep in mind that the prices of private drivers and taxis are significantly more expensive than public transportation.
Temuco's transportation costs can vary by the type of transport chosen by visitors. Naturally, taxis and private drivers cost much more than public transportation options. On average, visitors spend $24 per person, per day on transportation in Temuco.
Typical Local Transportation prices in Cuenca
Below are a few samples from actual travelers for transportation costs in Cuenca:
Hired Cars and Shuttles in Cuenca
Some specific examples of transportation prices in Cuenca:
Private Transfer from Cuenca City Center to Madrid City Center:
Private Transfer from Cuenca to Guayaquil.:
Arrival Private Transfer: Cuenca Airport CUE to Cuenca City by Minivan:
Departure Private Transfer: Cuenca City to Cuenca Airport CUE by Minivan:
Cuenca to Guayaquil Transfer in Fantasy Bus:
Cuenca to Alausi Transfer in Fantasy Bus:
Transfer In Cuenca Airport - Hotel:
Cuenca Airport Shuttle Transfer:
Cuenca Arrival Transfer:
Cuenca Departure Transfer:
Hired Cars and Shuttles in Temuco
Also for Temuco, here are a few examples of actual transportation services:
Transfer from Temuco Airport to Huilo Huilo:
Transfer from Temuco Airport to Pucon:
Cuenca's costs for entertainment, tickets, attractions, and tours will often cost around $13 per person, per day. This cost can vary widely by the type of activity, however, as this includes admission tickets, day tours, museums, and other things to do.
Sightseeing, admission tickets, things to do, and other entertainment expenses in Temuco can vary widely by price. On average, visitors spend around $8.01 per person, per day on entertainment and sightseeing here.
Tours and Activities in Cuenca
Here are a few actual costs in Cuenca for available activities, ticket prices, and tours:
4-Day Magic Tour Cuenca, Alausi town, Baños, Quilotoa, Cotopaxi and Quito:
5-Day Rock Climbing Tour in Cojitambo, Paute, Girón, Cajas and Sayausi:
5-Day Trekking Rock, Climbing, Canyoning and Paragliding Tour:
BIKE TOUR "Descent of The Andes":
Baños Private Guided 4-day tour from Cuenca:
Biking Cuenca City Tour:
Biking and Walking City Tour Cuenca:
Birdwatching Tour in Cajas National Park from Cuenca:
Birdwatching Tour in Cajas National Park from Cuenca:
Birdwatching Tour in Giron and Yunguilla Jocotoco Reserve from Cuenca:
Birdwatching Tour in Tamarindo Tropical Forest area from Cuenca:
Birdwatching Tour in Via Sigsig,Chiguinda from Cuenca:
While the amount that someone spends on alcohol while visiting Cuenca may vary from person to person, on average a person spends $11 per day on alcoholic beverages.
Alcoholic beverages can often be a significant portion of a traveler's budget, and the costs can vary greatly from person to person. In Temuco, the average amount that a visitor spends on alcoholic beverages per day is $5.24.
When we compare the travel costs of actual travelers between Cuenca and Temuco, we can see that Temuco is more expensive. And not only is Cuenca much less expensive, but it is actually a significantly cheaper destination. So, traveling to Cuenca would let you spend less money overall. Or, you could decide to spend more money in Cuenca and be able to afford a more luxurious travel style by staying in nicer hotels, eating at more expensive restaurants, taking tours, and experiencing more activities. The same level of travel in Temuco would naturally cost you much more money, so you would probably want to keep your budget a little tighter in Temuco than you might in Cuenca.
Related Articles for Cuenca
Related Articles for Temuco


Skip to definition.
Noun: carouse ku'rawz
 1. Revelry in drinking; a merry drinking party
 - carousal, toot, booze-up
Verb: carouse ku'rawz
 1. Engage in boisterous, drunken merrymaking
 "They were out carousing last night";
 - roister, riot
Derived forms: caroused, carousing, carouses
Type of: jollify, make happy, make merry, racket, revel, revelry, wassail [archaic], whoop it up


Your question: How do you rotate the artboard in Illustrator?
How do you change page orientation in Illustrator?
Illustrator: Change the Artboard Orientation
 1. If you want to change the orientation of an existing document, click the Artboard tool on the left side. …
 2. Now, you will notice the orientation icons at the top. …
 3. Alternatively, you can click the Artboard Options button and change the orientation mode from there.
5 июн. 2012 г.
How do you rotate in Illustrator?
Do one of the following:
26 янв. 2017 г.
How do you rotate an artboard in Illustrator IPAD?
Select your shape and then hit the R key on your keyboard to select the Rotate Tool. Alt-Click on the canvas to bring up the Rotate dialogue box.
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Can we insert gradients and patterns in our stroke in Adobe Illustrator?
You can select and apply gradients from the Swatches panel. To do so, launch the Swatches panel and click the Swatch Libraries menu. From there, move your mouse over "Gradients" in the list. … Gradients can apply to stroke as well as fill, and in much the same way.
How do you rotate an object 90 degrees in Illustrator?
Hold Shift and Click & Drag to rotate the selected object 90 degrees. There are number a ways to rotate objects, you can also right click the selected object > Transform > Rotate then apply what degree you want.
What is rotate tool?
The Rotate tool is in the Basic palette. The Rotate tool can rotate objects in the drawing. … The Rotate tool can rotate, or rotate and duplicate the selected objects about an axis, or align the objects relative to another object.
Is Adobe Illustrator on iPad free?
Pricing and Getting Started. Illustrator on the iPad is included with any Adobe Creative Cloud plan that includes Illustrator on the desktop (starting at $20.99 per month), but you can buy it as a standalone app for $9.99 per month.
Can I use Adobe Illustrator on iPad?
Illustrator is everywhere. Illustrator on the iPad is part of Adobe Creative Cloud, so you can design anywhere, work seamlessly across your devices, and keep everything in sync. Bring in images from Photoshop on the iPad and easily access your Creative Cloud Libraries.
How do I change the size of my artboard in Illustrator?
With nothing selected, click the Edit Artboards button in the Properties panel on the right. Click to select an artboard, and choose an artboard preset from the Properties panel to resize the artboard.
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What is the artboard in Illustrator?
What is an artboard in Illustrator? An Artboard in Illustrator works like a physical piece of paper on a desk. Similar to pages in Indesign CC, artboards can be different sizes and orientations and be arranged however suits your workflow. With the Artboard tool you can create multi-page documents.
What is the shortcut to resize an artboard in Illustrator?
How do I copy an artboard in Illustrator 2020?
In Adobe Illustrator you can copy your artboard and all of it's content by selected the Artboard Tool and then hold down Option and click/drag the existing artboard to it's new location. This will create a copy of the artboard dimensions and the contents as well.
Photoshop master


Home > Research > Publications & Outputs > Soluble iron sulfide species in natural waters:...
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Soluble iron sulfide species in natural waters: reappraisal of their stoichiometry and stability constants.
Research output: Contribution to journalJournal article
Issue number1
Number of pages21
Pages (from-to)23-43
Original languageEnglish
A wide range of stoichiometries has been previously proposed for soluble iron sulfide species and there is no general agreement on their importance in natural waters. The solubility of Fe(II) in 0.1 M NaClO4 equilibrated at 20 - 0.1°C with various partial pressures of H2S (0.1, 0.001, 0.0001, 0.00001 MPa) was measured in the pH range 3.1-7.9. Equilibrium was established within 1-6 h when amorphous FeS was the solid phase. The results could all be fitted using values for the solubility product constant (I = 0) of p*Ks = 3.00 - 0.12 and of the stability constant for a soluble Fe(HS) 2 species (I = 0) of p#2 = -6.45 - 0.12 where *Ks = aFe2+ · aHS-/aH+ and #2 = aFe(HS) 2/aFe2+ · (aHS-)2. Any soluble species of the form Fex (HS) 2x where x = &gif1; would fit the data equally well. Measurements at different partial pressures are inconsistent with labile species of the form FexSx. There was no evidence for a Fe(HS) + species. When a solution is saturated with respect to amorphous FeS, Fe(HS) 2 will only be a significant proportion of Fe(II) when S(-II) is higher than 0.2mmoll-1. The constants for Fe(HS) 2 or Fex (HS) 2x (x S 2) are consistent with all freshwater data where constant values of measured ion activity products provide no evidence for soluble complex formation. For marine waters with high sulfide concentrations (S 6mmol l-1), measured concentrations of Fe(II) are consistent with there being negligible soluble iron sulfide. The data are better fitted if the dissolved species are polymeric as predicted concentrations of the monomer Fe(HS) 2 are significant. These findings suggest that rather than the dissolved species being Fe(HS) 2, it is probably polymeric, that is Fex (HS) 2x (x S 2).


About the ALCA
The Australian Lure Coursing Association was established in 2013 to ensure a consistent approach to the sport of lure coursing across Australia.
Mission Statement
The purpose of the Australian Lure Coursing Association Incorporated (IA41383) is to promote and administer the sport of Lure Coursing in Australia at a National Level.
 1. To encourage the participation of dogs in organised Lure Coursing events.
 2. To provide and maintain a national unified set of rules, under which state Lure Coursing bodies conduct Lure Coursing events.
 3. To develop and maintain a code of ethics under which state bodies and participants participate in lure coursing events
 4. To develop and maintain a set of criteria under which lure coursing events in Australia are judged to be used by all member clubs.
 5. To promote the sport of Lure Coursing as a sport for all dogs.
 6. To develop a set of procedures and criteria under which new judges are trained and assessed.
 7. To cater for the demand of various groups and clubs to have and operate lure coursing events in an organised and professional manner.
 8. To develop a set of coursing plans and procedures for setting out suitable layouts of courses.
 9. To provide a platform for interstate Lure Coursing competitions.
 10. To develop and maintain a grading system to allow dogs to progress through grades and to obtain titles in Lure Coursing.


text:
BACKGROUND. Children treated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunts to manage hydrocephalus frequently develop shunt failure and/or infections, conditions that present with overlapping symptoms. The potential life-threatening nature of shunt infections requires rapid diagnosis; however, traditional microbiology is time consuming, expensive, and potentially unreliable. We set out to identify a biomarker that would identify shunt infection.
METHODS. CSF was assayed for the soluble membrane attack complex (sMAC) by ELISA in patients with suspected shunt failure or infection. CSF was obtained at the time of initial surgical intervention. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the diagnostic potential of sMAC in pyogenic-infected versus noninfected patients.
RESULTS. Children with pyogenic shunt infection had significantly increased sMAC levels compared with noninfected patients (3,211 ± 1,111 ng/ml vs. 26 ± 3.8 ng/ml,
CONCLUSION. Elevated CSF sMAC levels are both sensitive and specific for diagnosing pyogenic shunt infection and may serve as a useful prognostic biomarker during recovery from infection.
FUNDING. This work was supported in part by the Impact Fund of Children's of Alabama.
Theresa N. Ramos, Anastasia A. Arynchyna, Tessa E. Blackburn, Scott R. Barnum, James M. Johnston
CONSORT flow diagram.


text:
From the 2 April 1999 pages of Science Magazine
COPENHAGEN--A bitter row has broken out at the University of Copenhagen, which has been forced to cut its scientific staff to close a yawning budget gap. The university science department decided in January that, instead of assessing who were its least productive researchers and firing them, it would simply not fill any junior tenured positions that became vacant--in effect blocking the career path of young tenure-track researchers. As the consequences of that policy have begun to bite, aspiring young scientists say they now have little prospect of advancement and a whole generation of young researchers will either have to leave academic science or pursue a career abroad. "There is an atmosphere of hopelessness among students and postdocs whose possibilities for embarking on an academic career at the university now seem extremely limited," says plant molecular biologist Lars Østergaard, a postdoctoral fellow.
The crisis was precipitated late last year when the Danish government cut overall funding to Denmark's five universities. The science department at Copenhagen--the country's largest--was hit especially hard because it was already running a budget deficit. Forced to cut 15% of the tenured science positions--which translates into 70 people--the administration eliminated about 12 posts by offering early retirement to older faculty members and will cut the rest over time by not filling junior positions. "[It's] outrageous to prevent the necessary staff renewal and infusion of new ideas by forcing out young, talented, tenure-track scientists," says molecular biologist Olaf Nielsen, an associate professor.
The new policy is likely to exacerbate a simmering age problem in Danish universities. During the 1960s and '70s, the university system expanded rapidly and a large number of tenured positions were created. That generation of scientists is now approaching retirement age. "There will be an acute need for replacements when 30% to 40% of the currently tenured staff retire in 5 to 10 years," says associate professor of zoology Peter Arctander. "But because of what is happening now, there will be a lack of qualified young scientists."
Dean of science Henrik Jeppesen defends the policy. Although "it is sad that a number of young researchers have to leave," he says, "it would have created a very bad atmosphere to fire faculty members who have worked here for many years." This view is supported by university president Kjeld Møllgaard, who says it would be "an unfair personnel policy to simply get rid of the least productive as if it were a horse race." Jeppesen and Møllgaard both acknowledge, however, that the reaction of Denmark's powerful unions was a consideration. Per Clausen, president of the academics' union, the Magisterforeningen, says: "In principle we regard the science department's handling of the situation as the only proper response, but at the same time it is clear that blocking staff renewal will badly hurt the university and its research."
Indeed, research is already hurting. Several research groups have been reduced to the point that ongoing projects have effectively come to a halt. For example, one group in the department of genetics investigating the silencing of chromatin has been shut down after 4 years of successful work because the tenure of its leading assistant professor has been canceled. Science teaching will also be seriously hit, because courses are largely taught by assistant professors and junior associate professors. Leif Søndergaard, an associate professor of genetics, says that "because of the cuts, many courses will no longer be offered every year and others will be generating waiting lists."
Young researchers are now beginning to make their voices heard. Østergaard has sent a highly critical letter, signed by 90% of the graduate students and postdocs in the department of molecular biology, to the Copenhagen University Journal. Among other things Østergaard describes a widespread feeling that "the university is shooting itself in the foot by not identifying and getting rid of those researchers whose scientific contribution is minimal."
Lone Frank is a writer in Copenhagen, Denmark.


Bring back some good or bad memories
July 10, 2020
Vintage Photos Showing Chinese People Wearing Fingernail Guards From the Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries
The Chinese fingernail guard came from the Ming dynasty but became popular in the Qing dynasty. For having long fingernails was a sign of power and beauty and wearing fingernail guards protected the nails.
Both men and women of the nobility in ancient China wore their nails long. Long fingernails were a status symbol, showing that that person literally didn't have to lift a finger to do any work. Women usually have longer nails than men, so nail guards became an accessory worn both to protect the nails from breaking and to be decorative.
Nail guards were usually made from metals or shells, sometimes also jade. Historical artifacts show that they are usually made of gold, silver, bronze, or gilded metal, and embedded with pearls, precious stones or kingfisher feather. The length can be anywhere from 3cm (1 in) to 15cm (6 in) depending on how long the wearer wishes it to be.
Nail guards could be worn on one hand only, or on both hands; the latter would signal the wearer's higher status as it shows they do not need to use either of their hands. Some internet novels suggest that nail guards could be worn on all four fingers of the hand, except the thumb, but in reality this would make it extremely difficult to hold anything, so this is highly illogical.
Nail guards as historical artifacts usually came in pairs, which suggest they were worn on two fingers of each hand – the fourth finger and the pinky. This is also consistent as what is seen in paintings and photographs.
1 comment:
 1. Those are pretty badass, tbh...made in China though, they probably broke after wearing them twice.
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What Are the Main Costs of Hiring in Africa
Back to Knowledge Central
 Apr 25, 2020 Markets Africa Blueback Global
What Are the Main Costs of Hiring in Africa
Fortunately, Blueback Global can help your business overcome these challenges. Here are just a few considerations when hiring in Africa.
Recruitment Costs
The accepted standard measurement of hiring is the cost-per-hire metric. It calculates internal and external costs associated with sourcing, recruiting and filling open positions in your company.
Internal costs are money spent inside your company for hiring in Africa. This might include recruiter salaries, overhead, and hardware and software for tracking applicants.
External costs generally include items such as advertising and marketing, third-party hiring agencies, recruitment events, travel, background and reference checks, and more.
In 2016, a SHRM survey estimated the average cost per hire was $4,425, or approximately 15% percent of all HR-related expenses. That's substantial, but you do have options for filling jobs in Africa to minimize expense and to simplify the hiring process.
Our experienced global expansion agency can recommend what would work best for your business. They have the knowledge and foresight to reduce risk, so your business isn't blindsided by unexpected expenses.
Labor Law Compliance Expenses
The International Labor Organization reports most African nations ratified basic human rights conventions. However, areas such as minimum wages, social security, occupational safety and health, and other legislative issues are less defined in many regions.
Consequently, labor laws change often and quickly. South Africa recently moved from a recommended to a mandatory minimum wage in 2018. Nigeria is currently discussing changes to their minimum wage law too.
Labor laws are always in flux; nonetheless, foreign businesses must adhere to local and regional laws for workers in Africa.
Large corporations may have the HR resources to monitor legislative changes, yet smaller enterprises can find this a significant challenge unless they rely on a global partner to ensure compliance in Africa.
Bureaucratic Costs
Some African countries encourage foreign business and simplify the startup process. Others make it very difficult, and expensive, to establish and operate a company within their borders.
According to Forbes' Best Countries for Business, the small East African island of Mauritius is a better choice than many European countries. Ranked 39th globally, they have progressive business policies to spur economic growth.
Compare that to the landlocked Central African Republic, ranked 161st. They lack proper transportation, a skilled workforce, political stability, and sound economic policies.
It may be worthwhile to jump through bureaucratic hoops when potential profits merit it. Many factors can derail your international expansion plans if you're not aware of issues that could affect your business.
Blueback Global experts can help you choose the region best-suited for your company, so you can avoid excessive bureaucratic costs. Get the workers you need quickly and reduce startup expenses and costs of hiring in Africa.
Tax Compliance
An effective, well-developed tax system makes it easier to operate in Africa. It lowers operational risk and ensures stability for infrastructure, fair treatment, and governmental transparency.
Many African countries make it difficult to manage and submit taxes. They lack the technology and infrastructure needed.
Fortunately, some countries are progressive and have simplified tax compliance. A PWC report mentions Kenya now an I-Tax system for filing and paying taxes online. Mauritania has simplified tax compliance and decreased the number of tax filings or payments.
Tax avoidance and evasion are still a major problem in many African nations. As a result, governments collect less tax than needed, which creates economic and social instability.
For example, The Globalist reports only "9% of Nigerian companies pay corporate tax, while only 12% of registered businesses comply with VAT obligations."
While this may sound like a great way for a foreign company to reduce expenses, it isn't. The Globalist adds almost all Nigerian businesses are unregistered, which isn't an option for foreigners. This puts foreign business at a distinct disadvantage from the get-go.
Additionally, corporate tax rates vary drastically between regions. 2018 Tax Foundation data, states the country of Comoros in Africa has one of the highest corporate tax rates on the planet (50%).
Blueback Global can recommend the best areas for your business. We also have in-country experts tracking regulatory changes and requirements to manage tax compliance and reduce your costs of hiring in Africa.
Trade Area
Most countries in Africa have joined The African Continental Free Trade Area, making it the largest trade coalition in the world. This is important for foreign businesses as once fully-ratified; it will remove tariffs from 90% of goods, allowing free access to commodities, goods, and services across the continent.
Additionally, the arrangement could offer new opportunities in areas such as manufacturing and agriculture, boost employment, and encourage free movement of the African talent pool.
As of April 2019, Benin, Botswana, Eritrea, Guinea-Bissau, Nigeria, and Zambia are not part of the agreement. Consequently, operating in these nations could increase a company's costs of hiring in Africa.
Mandatory Contributions
African countries also demand mandatory contributions borne by the company. These include social security contributions such as unemployment, solidarity, public pension, housing, and education funds.
Legislations vary widely between African nations and change often. For instance, Tunisia recently introduced an additional corporate income tax contribution of 7.5% of taxable profits.
UHY International suggests Nigeria's average employment costs are higher than the U.S., Canada, and many European countries.
Choosing the best African country for your business must include a review of mandatory corporate contributions. Fortunately, your business may have options to reduce or eliminate many of the costs of hiring in Africa.
Labor Relations
Some areas of Africa rely heavily on labor unions. As an example, South Africans have a legal right under the constitution to join a trade union and they represent 25% of the formal work force.
Unions can strike, and most of the strikes in the public sector are driven by wage disputes. For instance, in 2014 platinum workers went on strike demanding at immediate doubling of their wages. Even though they eventually settled for much less over three years, it was the longest and most expensive strike in South African history.
In 2012, a series of strikes for higher wages and improved employment opportunities were even more noteworthy. Agricultural strikes by Western Cape Farm Workers' led to 3 deaths, millions of dollars in damages, and a 52% increase in the official minimum wage.
Not all African governments treat workers fairly, even when they make agreements with unions. They may renege on promises of wage increases or reforms.
As a result, it is very important your business understands which African regions offer favorable business opportunities, and which to avoid for minimal costs of hiring in Africa.
Blueback Global is your international business expansion expert. We offer African business expansion advice and services including business set up, global payroll, accounting and reporting, statutory compliance, immigration support, recruitment and hiring, and more.
With a network of African professionals each with regional knowledge and local business savvy, we simplify doing business in Africa. We're well-positioned, highly-experienced, and can help you overcome your multinational business challenges.
Contact us for a free consultation and cut through the complications of your African business expansion.
Contact Blueback Global Today!


Main content
Athlete Biological Passport Program FAQ
What is an Athlete Biological Passport (ABP)?
An Athlete Biological Passport (ABP) is an ongoing electronic record of an athlete's biological markers from multiple blood sample collections over a period of time.
An ABP differs from traditional blood tests by looking at the effects of doping rather than directly detecting the prohibited substances or methods used. This means that even if a substance has left the body, the ABP tests will detect if it was there.
Why is the NRL introducing an ABP program?
The new testing measures are part of a range of initiatives introduced by the NRL's Integrity and Compliance Unit to protect rugby league. The testing program has been developed on the basis of expert advice and gives confidence to the fans and the players who are committed to a drug-free sport.
The NRL's ABP program is part of a comprehensive suite of changes that will significantly strengthen rugby league against emerging threats to world sport.
What are the other new testing measures being announced by the NRL?
The new ABP program will run in addition to traditional blood and urine testing. The other new measures include:
 - Increased testing for Human Growth Hormone with samples sent to London to take advantage of the latest technology developed for the 2012 Olympics
 - Increased testing for peptides with samples sent to Cologne to take advantage of leading international developments in peptide testing
Who administers the NRL's ABP Program?
The Australian Sports Anti-Doping Authority (ASADA) will be contracted by the NRL to conduct all aspects of the program on its behalf.
When will the program start?
The program will commence in June 2013.
How are players selected?
Players are selected at ASADA's discretion.
How often will ABP testing occur?
ASADA has indicated that a minimum of four tests would be reasonable to provide an individual athlete's baseline record. A baseline record is simply gathering a sufficient quantity of data from which a panel of three experts can agree that it is highly likely that a prohibited substance or method has been used following testing. In a full year, it is expected each player would be required to submit to between four and ten tests.
How long will it take for tests to be completed?
The test itself is relatively short and only requires a sample of blood. However, an athlete is required to be in a rested state prior to undertaking the test which could result in a player waiting for up to two hours from the time he first advised of the test. Once notified an athlete must remain with the testing official until the test is complete.
Where will the biological passports be tested and by whom?
World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) accredited laboratories in Australia will process ABP tests conducted in Australia.
Is the new ABP Program supported by the Rugby League Players' Association?
Yes. The program has been discussed in detail with the RLPA. The RLPA strongly supports the testing of players to ensure compliance with the WADA code and the NRL's Anti-Doping Policy.
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The evolution of a ZENFORM requires that the Protector has enough skill points which are spent to allow the evoluton to occur. ZENFORMS branch their evolution based on their stats, which are attack, defense and and speed meaning each ZENFORM has the protential to become powerful attackers, strong defenders or swift speedsters.
ZENFORMS have five stages of evolution. The Newborn can progress to Child, Adolescent, Adult and finally to the Grand stage. When evolving a zenform the rank will change, a little bar with stars on it as you can see in battle. The color the bar is shows what stage of evolution a zenform is, newborn is clear, child is green, adolescent is blue, adult is red, but grand is currently unknown.
The Child stage is the second in the evolutionary chain of ZENFORMS. What Child form a Newborn takes relies on its highest Physical Stat. Evolving a ZENFORM to the Child stage costs 1000 SP.
Child stage ZENFORMS evolve into one of four Adolescents depending on their current form and highest physical stat(s) not represented by their form. Evolving a ZENFORM to the Adolescent stage costs 2500 SP.
The Adult stage is dependent on the highest Elemental Stat of the Adolescent. Each Adolescent has four Adult variants.
The method for reaching the Grand stage is largely unknown - only the very best Protectors have discovered it.Yay!


Wheat Flour L to gr converter for culinary teaching and diet.
wheat flour conversion
Breadcrumbs: main Flours menuwheat flour menuLiters
Amount: 1 liter (L) of wheat flour volume
Equals: 8,153.60 grains (gr) in wheat flour mass
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Work out grains of wheat flour per 1 liter unit. The wheat flour converter for chefs and bakers, culinary arts classes, students and for home use.
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Convert wheat flour culinary measuring units between liter (L) and grains (gr) of wheat flour but in the other direction from grains into liters.
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This online culinary wheat flour from L into gr converter is a handy tool not only for experienced certified professionals in food businesses and skilled chefs in state of the industry's kitchens model.
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One liter of wheat flour converted to grain equals to 8,153.60 gr
How many grains of wheat flour are in 1 liter? The answer is: The change of 1 L ( liter ) unit in a wheat flour measure equals = into 8,153.60 gr ( grain ) as per the equivalent measure and for the same wheat flour type.
Professional people always ensure, and their success in fine cooking depends on, they get the most precise units conversion results in measuring their ingredients. In speciality cooking a measure of wheat flour can be crucial. If there is an exact measure in L - liters for wheat flour, it's the rule in culinary career, that the liter portion number gets converted into gr - grains of wheat flour absolutely exactly. It's like an insurance for the master chef for having always all the meals created perfectly.
Conversion for how many grains, gr, of wheat flour are contained in a liter, L? Or, how much in grains wheat flour in 1 liter? To link to this wheat flour - liter to grains on line culinary converter for the answer, simply cut and paste the following.
The link to this tool will appear as: Culinary wheat flour from liter (L) into grains (gr) conversion.


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How to make pasta fregola sarda
fregola cookedHow to make pasta fregola sarda: When we first opened The Big Dream Factory for business, it was journey into the ancient art of pasta making and we are by no means the experts. Along the way we have found and made many different types of pasta not normally seen at the supermarkets across America. Many of our pasta shapes are readily found in Italy but what would you know … not so pasta fregola sarda!
Anna who has arrived from Italy, is putting us through out pasta paces and is introducing us to the more obscure pasta. We are so excited to be able to bring you pasta fregola sarda because not only is it little known in America, it is little known in Italy too.
cutting the pasta fregola sarda
So what is pasta fregola sarda? Despite its appearance, 'fregula' (which is it's original name) is not a grain, but an ancient form of pasta from the island of Sardinia, where it has been popular since Ligurian navigators imported it from North Africa in the Middle Ages. It has been suggested that the word 'fregula' (or fregola) derives from the Latin word 'fricare', meaning 'to chop up', 'little fragment', 'crumb'. The durum semolina is traditionally formed by hand using the same method for making couscous. However, unlike couscous, the fregola is toasted. As it browns, it dries giving the fregola the appearance of tiny grains, it also imparts a wonderful nutty, wheaty flavour.
drying fregola sarda
Fregola remains a staple in the Sardinian kitchen and is commercially produced. Here at The Big Dream Factory we make them completely from scratch. Since we have experience in making our own couscous from scratch and by hand, we decided that it would be better for us to create fregula using one of our small pasta machines. VOILA!!
fregola cooked
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School and Living Costs
Academic Related Expenses:
- $125 Application fee (English for Academic Purposes and/or post-secondary programs)
Tuition and Fees
For Postsecondary program fees:
For information pertaining to Fees and High Demand Programs:
For more information on how to pay your fees please visit:
The College reserves the right to change, amend or alter fees as necessary without notice or prejudice.
- $1,000 - $1,500 per year (2 semesters)
- Supplies: certain programs require extra supplies such as uniforms, equipment, tools, and software, etc.
Room and Board Related Expenses:
- On-campus residence: $5,000 per year (8 months) including cable TV and high-speed internet access. Meals are not included
- Off-campus housing: $400 - $800/month
Local bus pass:
- $60 per month
General Cost Information:
Most students budget approximately $20,000 to $24,000 annually to study and live in Windsor, Canada.
Protected Persons (Convention Refugees)
A person and his/her dependents*, who has been determined to be a protected person, including a Convention refugee or a person in need of protection, within the meaning of subsection 95(2) of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act by the Immigration and Refugee Board (IRB) or the Minister of Citizenship and Immigration Canada will be classified as a Domestic student, including assessed domestic student tuition fees.
Notice of Decision issued by Immigration and Refugee Board.
Note: Refugee Status claimants will be considered an international student and pay international tuition rates. Should the claimant receive a Notice of Decision while studying at St. Clair College from the IRB, that current semester and/or future semesters will be assessed at a domestic student tuition rate.
*Dependents are defined as:
- A spouse.
- A common-law partner.
- A dependent child or the dependent child of a spouse or common-law partner.
- A dependent child of the dependent child referred to above.
A dependent child is a child who is a biological child who has not been adopted by a person other than the spouse or common-law partner, or an adopted child; and who is in one of the following situations of dependency:
- Under age 22 and not a spouse or common-law partner;
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- Dependents: Marriage Certificate, or for common-law: an affidavit signed by both spouses, confirming that they are living together in a conjugal relationship for not less than three years, or that they are living together in a conjugal relationship and are raising any children of whom they both are the natural or adoptive parent.
- Dependent Child: proof of financial dependency.


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OpenCV SURF implementation returns a sequence of 64/128 32 bit float values (descriptor) for each feature point found in the image. Is there a way to normalize this float values and take them to an integer scale (for example, [0, 255])?. That would save important space (1 or 2 bytes per value, instead of 4). Besides, the conversion should ensure that the descriptors remain meaningful for other uses, such as clustering.
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2 Answers 2
There are other feature extractors than SURF. The BRIEF extractor uses only 32 bytes per descriptor. It uses 32 unsigned bytes [0-255] as its elements. You can create one like this:
Ptr ptrExtractor = DescriptorExtractor::create("BRIEF");
Be aware that a lot of image processing routines in OpenCV need or assume that the data is stored as floating-point numbers.
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You can treat the float features as an ordinary image (Mat or cvmat) and then use cv::normalize(). Another option is using cv::norm() to find the range of descriptor values and then cv::convertTo() to convert to CV_8U. Look up the OpenCV documentation for these functions.
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text: Increases in wind damage are expected if the intensity and/or frequency of tropical cyclones increase due to enhanced greenhouse conditions (climate change). The paper estimates cyclone damage risks due to enhanced greenhouse conditions for residential construction in North Queensland, and then assesses the economic viability of several climate adaptation (hazard mitigation) strategies. The analysis includes probabilistic modelling of cyclone intensity and frequency, time-dependent increase in wind speed from enhanced greenhouse conditions (global warming), and vulnerability functions of building damage. Increases in mean annual maximum wind speed from 0% to 25% over 50 years are considered to represent the uncertainty in changing wind hazard patterns as a result of climate change. The effect of regional changes to building inventory over time and space, rate of retrofitting, cost of retrofit, reduction in vulnerability and discount rate will be considered. The risk-cost-benefit analysis considering temporal changes in wind hazard and building vulnerability can be used to help optimize the timing and extent of climate adaptation strategies.


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World Giving Index
The World Giving Index is a Charities Aid Foundation report into charitable giving worldwide. The index uses data from Gallup and looked at three different areas of charity. Gallup asked people which of the following three charitable acts they have undertaken in the past month:
- donated money to an organisation?
- volunteered time to an organisation?
- helped a stranger, or someone they didn't know who needed help?
In 2011 New Zealand and Australia came at the top with 57% score followed by Ireland and Canada second equal and the United States and Switzerland third. It should be noted that the index reports on individual charitable giving and not as a nation so government pledges of aid are not included in the index.


Helping Individuals Have Opportunities for Health and Wellness
View the Community Health Initiative Plan View Members of the Health Advisory Council
In order to determine the most important areas in which to focus their community plan to most directly improve overall health and wellness in Chippewa and Eau Claire counties, the Health Advisory Council (HAC) began by reviewing information available from Healthiest Wisconsin 2020 for twelve identified health priority areas in the state. Needs assessments and survey data provided by area hospitals, city and county health departments, United Way, and several other agencies and organizations in the Chippewa Valley were also considered. Presentations were also made by local experts and practitioners in the field.
After in-depth discussions of the key issues during a structured prioritization process, the HAC reached consensus on narrowing its focus to four priority areas: Mental Health, Alcohol & Other Drug Use, Injury & Violence, and Chronic Disease Prevention & Management. Workgroups were established and the members are currently in the process of drafting a plan for each area. Preliminary thoughts from the workgroups are as follows:
Mental Health:
Affordable access to mental health care should be available in the Chippewa Valley so individuals and families can use it when needed. For that to happen, increased collaboration is needed. The entire community would be targeted in terms of awareness, education, and prevention efforts, with special priority for those living below 200% of federal poverty guidelines. This plan strives to improve mental health services in the Chippewa Valley by:
 1. Improving collaboration between mental health providers and the medical community;
 2. Improving access and availability of quality mental health care services;
 3. Increasing community understanding about the prevalence of mental illness in society;
 4. Raising awareness and use of crisis lines and other referral services in the community; and
 5. Increasing use of mental health care services.
Alcohol Use
High rates of alcohol use are prevalent in the Chippewa Valley and should be reduced. The problem affects people of all ages and from many demographic backgrounds, but special focus should target at-risk groups in the group from 12-34 years of age. The concerns of misuse are related to underage drinkers (primarily ages 10-17), excessive users (i.e., binge drinkers and heavy drinkers in the 18-25 age group), women of childbearing years and pregnant women, and individuals who drive vehicles while under the influence of alcohol. This plan's projected outcomes will see alcohol misuse decrease among 12-34 year olds by:
 1. Raising awareness that alcohol can be harmful to a person's health;
 2. Increasing the community's understanding of how the "culture of drinking" affects people's lives in many ways;
 3. Starting to drink alcohol at age 21 or after, if at all;
 4. Learning to drink alcohol in moderation and a low-risk manner; and
 5. Promoting alcohol-free social and recreational activities.
Injury & Violence
All victims of intimate partner violence (also called domestic violence) should have access to comprehensive services. As a result of such efforts, the number of incidences should decrease for those victims and their children. Through this plan, adult victims of intimate partner violence and their children will:
 1. Be better able to plan for their safety;
 2. Learn ways to keep themselves safe;
 3. Know more about the options, choices and resources available to them overall;
 4. Become aware of how crisis and trauma affect their lives;
 5. Learn skills to help them deal more effectively with their concerns; and
 6. Develop strategies to cope and manage their emotions.
Chronic Disease
The working poor, the uninsured, and underinsured people living in the Chippewa Valley should have opportunities for attaining a good quality of life, especially in terms of their health. Obesity is a significant concern in our society because it can lead to other chronic diseases and illnesses. Improvement of individual health behaviors, reduction in modifiable risk factors, and access to clinical care are key factors in addressing chronic disease issues, with first priority given to individuals and families below 200% of federal poverty guidelines. This plan strives for individuals practicing healthy behaviors to prevent and/or delay the onset of obesity by:
 1. Improving their diet through increased consumption of fruits and vegetables;
 2. Increasing their participation in physical activity;
 3. Decreasing consumption of sugar drinks;
 4. Decreasing consumption of high-energy-dense foods that are high in calories;
 5. Increasing their knowledge about risk factors associated with obesity and other chronic diseases; and
 6. Accessing quality health care for regular check-ups and treatment.


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The Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe is filled with irony which. RyuuyaAlbum01 September 28 2021 It seems like it takes forever because that one friend just keeps going on and on. Dramatic irony This occurs when the reader or audience understands more about the events of a story than a character.
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I teach students that there are three types of irony. Suggested reading level for this text. Determine which of the three types of irony are being used and then explain your answer.
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What is jaggery (Gur) and how is it made? | 24 Mantra
how is jaggery made
What is jaggery (Gur) and how is it made?
Organic Food
Jaggery or Gur, as it is called in Hindi, has emerged as an amazing substitute to refined sugar. It is an unrefined non-centrifugal form of sugar that is widely consumed in Asia and certain parts of the Americas.
Aside from its sweetening properties, there are numerous health benefits of jaggery consumption regularly, and this fact has driven hordes of people to opt for jaggery in their diets instead of refined sugar.
It is an excellent substitute for refined sugar and also contains a host of nutrients and minerals. Moreover, the roasted woody aroma of jaggery has made it highly popular for use in many Indian sweets.
Around 70% of the global jaggery production happens in India. Typically, it is produced using the sugarcane juice but jaggery produced using palm juice is also common in a few countries.
If you are wondering how is jaggery made exactly, this post might clear up a few things for you. Moving forward, we will have a look at all the intricacies involved in jaggery production and how can you make jaggery at home. But first, let's have a look at the nutritional profile of jaggery.
Jaggery Nutritional Profile
When compared to regular refined sugar, jaggery has an impressive nutrient profile. Refined sugar only has empty calories that have almost zero nutritional value, but jaggery is rich in essential nutrients such as Iron, Potassium and Calcium.
This makes jaggery an excellent choice for health-conscious individuals who want a bit of nutritional value from the sweeteners they consume. Below is a comparison chart of the nutrient constituents of jaggery and refined sugar sourced from FatSecret:
Nutrient Value Per 100g Value Per 100g
Energy 383 Kcal 387 Kcal
Fat 0g 0g
Saturated Fat 0g 0g
Monounsaturated Fat 0g 0g
Polyunsaturated Fat 0g 0g
Carbohydrates 98.96g 99.98g
Sugar 98.13g 99.91g
Fibre 0g 0g
Protein 0.09g 0g
Sodium 3mg 0mg
Cholesterol 0mg 0mg
Potassium 31mg 2mg
Magnesium 160mg 0mg
Calcium 80mg 0mg
Iron 5.4mg 0mg
The table above clearly lays out the nutrient comparison between refined sugar and jaggery. As might be evident, the nutrient composition of jaggery is significantly rich as opposed to refined sugar that makes it fit for everyday consumption as a sweetener. Now, let's look at how is jaggery made.
How Is Jaggery Made?
Jaggery preparation involves boiling the sugarcane juice, and the process requires primarily 3 steps: extraction, storage, and boiling. Here is a detailed breakdown that explains how is jaggery made.
Juice Extraction
 - The sugarcanes are pressed or crushed in a machine, and all the juice is extracted from them.
 - The juice is collected and stored in large containers to be stored for several hours.
 - This process helps in separating suspended sediment from the juice and improves the texture of the finally produced jaggery.
 - The storage period settles the sediments to the bottom of the container, and the resultant clear juice is poured into a large flat bottomed vessel for boiling.
 - The sugarcane juice is stirred constantly, and impurities are sieved away until we get a brown and thick paste at the bottom of the vessel.
 - This dough-like substance is then transferred to mould of desired shapes and allowed to cool down.
 - Once the paste cools down entirely, it will solidify and become jaggery.
The colour and texture of the jaggery thus produced will highly depend upon the quality of the sugarcane and the quality of the juice that is produced. These steps layout how gur is madein a large scale preparation. If you are wondering how is jaggery made at home, keep on reading!
How Gur Is Made At Home?
These points explain every stage regarding how is jaggery made at home. Let's begin!
Ingredients required:
 - ¼ cup ladyfinger (Bhindi) water.
 - 450ml sugarcane juice.
 - Few ladyfingers.
That's it! These three ingredients are everything that you need to prepare 100% pure and unadulterated jaggery at home. The ladyfinger water helps in separating the greenish waste layer from the sugarcane juice while boiling. Now, let's look at how is jaggery made at home:
 - Cut a few ladyfingers in a bowl and mix ¼ cup of water.
 - Mix it well and then strain the water from the mixture.
 - Now, pour the sugarcane juice along with the ladyfingers water in a thick bottomed vessel and bring it to boil.
 - As the mixture starts to boil, you will notice that a greenish layer starts appearing at the top. Remove this layer using a sieve or a perforated ladle and boil the mixture further.
 - Keep boiling until the mixture thickens.
 - Now, to check the jaggery formation, take a small amount of the thick paste and put in in a glass of water.
 - If the jaggery dissolves, you need to boil the paste more. If it does not dissolve easily, you can take the mixture off the stove and let the mixture cool off.
 - Take a pan or mould and grease it's surface using ghee or vegetable oil.
 - Transfer the contents of the bowl to the mould and let it dry for a day or two.
 - Once the jaggery is dried, take a pointy object and remove it from the mould.
 - Let it dry again for a day or two so that the entire structure becomes hard.
 - Your 100% pure homemade jaggery is ready for consumption!
These steps might have made it clear as to how is jaggery made at home. Enjoy the wholesome goodness of this delicious sweetener as a standalone dessert or by mixing it with kheer or a recipe of your choice!
Also, organic jaggery is equally good if not better since it's free of harmful chemicals. Try 24 Mantra Organics's Jaggery Powder and taste the goodness of organic food.
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You are hereIsle of Benbeculla
Isle of Benbeculla
Mermaid's Grave
Pictish Mermaid
A mermaid is said to be buried in the sands in the area around Nunton. In 1830 some women who were gathering seaweed spotted a mermaid in the waters close to the shore.They tried in vain to catch her, but she was too clever for them. Read More »
The Blobster of the Isle of Benbeculla
In the early 1990's a twelve foot carcass covered in sand and seaweed was discovered on a Benbecula beach by 16 year old Louise Whitts. Read More »
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