Why Your Dog Always Sticks Its Head Out of the Car Window
Be careful when your dog starts itching to poke its head out of the car window.
Lucky Business/Shutterstock
Ever wonder why your dog always gravitates toward the car window when you roll it down? Science provides the answer.
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Because dogs have a greater sense of smell than humans, when they stick their head out the window they're exposed to an intense smelling experience. The air getting forced into their nose might intensify the odors, making it extra exciting for the dog.
What's more is dogs can recognize locations based on the smells, which might also help explain their desire to stick their head out of the window.
But you need to be careful when your dog wants to stick its head out the window. They're prone to get hit by debris, especially little pebbles or bugs flying by. Plus, a dog's ears can get damaged by the wind. It's recommended that you roll the window down just a bit and keep them restrained. Be sure to check out these 16 tips on taking your dog with you on a trip.
You can always pamper your favorite furry friend with these 14 adorable pet beds or one of these incredible dog houses.


text:
Seminole County, Georgia
From Ancestry.com Wiki
|This article is a stub. Help us to expand it by contributing your knowledge. For county page guidelines, visit U.S. County Page Content Suggestions.|
Seminole is a county in Georgia. It was formed in 1920 from the following county/ies: Decatur/Early. Seminole began keeping birth records in 1921, marriage records in 1921, and death records in 1921. It began keeping land records in 1921, probate records in 1921, and court records in 1921. For more information, contact the county at P.O. Box 458, Donalsonville 31745. On the attached map, Seminole is located at J2.
For information about the state of Georgia see Georgia Family History Research.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


How to Monkey Patch when using Flex RSLs
Monkey patchers run into problems when using Flex RSLs. In this post I'll explain why monkey patching does not work when using RSLs and provide details of how to make it work. I'll monkey patch the mx.controls.Button class in this post and ListCollectionView and Spark Button in later posts.
Why doesn't monkey patching work when using RSLs? To answer this question it is important to understand two things:
 1. The Flash Player has a first-in-wins rule when loading classes.
 2. Flex applications contain two frames. The first frame contains few classes and loads the RSLs. The second frame contains the rest of the application's classes.
Say you've monkey patched mx.controls.Button, which will end up in frame 2 of your application. In frame 1 of the application, the framework RSL will be loaded which contains the mx.controls.Button class. When frame 2 of the application loads the monkey patched version of mx.controls.Button is ignored because of the Flash Player first-in-wins rule.
When you monkey patch a class that is in frame 1, then you are done, you don't need an RSL.
The basic steps I'll use to monkey patch are:
 1. Create an RSL with just the monkey-patched file and its inheritance dependencies.
 2. Add your RSL to the configuration to get it loaded.
To demonstrate the process I created a project with a simple application that contains one button.
The project was developed using a pre-release version of Flex4, build
Create an RSL
My modification of Button is just a change to set label() so I can see if a Button in my application is a real or patched Button. When the Button's label setter is called I just prepend "Monkey patched " to the original value.
_label = "Monkey patched " + value;
I started by adding to my source tree using the same package as Flex, "mx.controls". Next compile your source into an RSL. From the command line it will look something like this:
>compc -directory -output=button -link-report=link.rpt -include-classes=mx.controls.Button -source-path=.
>optimizer button/library.swf –output -button.swf
>digest button.swf -swc-path=button
After running these commands the size of button.swf is 143,596 bytes. Looking at the link report, there are a lot of classes besides mx.controls.Button that we don't need. Ideally, all we want in the RSL is mx.controls.Button. But the Flash Player requires classes that Button extends or implements to be defined when the Button class is loaded. Since we are loading this RSL before the framework RSL, we need to also include the classes Button extends and implements in framework.swc. For each additional class we include, we also need to include the classes it extends and implements.
Take the link report from the first compile of Button and copy it to a file we will use as our externs file. The externs file is what we will use to remove classes we don't want in the RSL. I actually seeded my externs.xml file by copying and pasting the script children from framework.swc's catalog. My thinking was that I wanted to exclude everything in framework.swc except Button and the classes it extends or implements. But now I can see that the externs file is much larger than it would have been if I had just started with the initial link report.
Next edit the externs file by removing the script elements for mx.controls.Button and all of its inheritance dependencies. After recompiling I was able to get the RSL size down to 35,152 bytes. That is still pretty big but it's the best we can do because we need UIComponent and UICompoment is big. When monkey patching spark components we will be able to remove UIComponent and get a much smaller RSL.
Add your RSL to the configuration
Now that you have your RSL, you just need to add it to the RSL configuration. I created a local configuration file, main-config.xml, with the RSLs I wanted. You can start by copying the elements from flex-config.xml to your local configuration file. Then add the entry for your RSL before the framework RSL.
The order of the runtime-shared-library-path options is important because it determines the load order of the RSLs. The RSL URLs in my configuration file are all local SWF files so before running the application I will copy the RSLs from my SDK frameworks/RSLs directory to where my application lives.
When the new RSL is loaded for the first time you will mostly encounter verify errors because you missed removing an interface from the externs file. As you encounter a verify error, remove that class from the externs file and try again. Eventually the RSL will contain all the classes it needs and load without errors.
Finally, run the application to verify the monkey patched Button is being used.
The postings on this site are my own and don't necessarily represent Adobe's positions, views, strategies or opinions.


text: To make mosquito netting, using a plastic bag, you will need the following: a butane torch or a campfire, a lathe, thumbtacks, and a plastic bags. The holes need to be 2 mm or less. Heat up the lathe. Lay the plastic bag on a flat and protected surface. Run the heated lathe over the plastic bag. Try to get the rows really close, without getting too close or overlapping. Overlapping will cause the holes to be larger. Also, be careful not to let it slide along, which would cause bigger holes. Check the size of the holes. If there are holes that are too big, then you can patch them, with plastic, waxed paper, and an iron, in order to make an iron on patch. Do this process to all of the bags. Then, using the patch method to fuse the bags together.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Curious Kids: how do magpies detect worms and other food underground?
Magpies have a few clever tricks to help them find food.
Gisela Kaplan, Author provided
Gisela Kaplan, University of New England
How do magpies detect worms and other food sources underground? I often see them look or listen, then rapidly hop across the ground and start digging with their beak and extract a worm or bug from the earth – Catherine, age 10, Perth.
You have posed a very good question.
Foraging for food can involve sight, hearing and even smell. In almost all cases learning is involved. Magpies are ground foragers, setting one foot before the other looking for food while walking, called walk-foraging. It looks like this:
This is called walk-foraging.
Gisela Kaplan, Author provided
Finding food on the ground, such as beetles and other insects, is not as easy as it may sound. The ground can be uneven and covered with leaves, grasses and rocks. Insects may be hiding, camouflaged, or staying so still it is hard for a magpie to notice them.
Read more:
Curious Kids: why is a magpie's poo black and white?
Detecting a small object on the ground requires keen vision and experience, to discriminate between the parts that are important and those that are not.
Magpie eyes, as for most birds, are on the side of the head (humans and other birds of prey, by contrast, have eyes that face forward).
A magpie's eyes are at the side of its head and it can only see something with both eyes if that is straight in front of the bird.
Shutterstock/Webb Photography
To see a small area in front of them, close to the ground, birds use both eyes together (scientists call this binocular vision). But birds mostly see via the eyes looking out to the side (which is called monocular vision).
This picture gives you an idea of what a magpie can see with its left eye, what it can see with its right eye and what area it can see with both eyes working together (binocular vision).
Here's how a magpie's field of vision works.
Gisela Kaplan, Author provided
You asked about underground foraging. Some of that foraging can also be done by sight. Worms, for instance, may leave a small mound (called a cast) on the surface and, to the experienced bird, this indicates that a worm is just below.
Magpies can also go a huge step further. They can identify big scarab larvae underground without any visual help at all.
Here is a scarab larva.
Gisela Kaplan, Author provided
Scarab larvae look like grubs. They munch on grassroots and can kill entire grazing fields. Once they transform into beetles (commonly called Christmas beetles) they can do even more damage by eating all the leaves off eucalyptus trees.
Here is the secret: magpies have such good hearing, they can hear the very faint sound of grass roots being chewed.
We know this from experiments using small speakers under the soil playing back recorded sounds of scarab beetle larvae. Magpies located the speaker every time and dug it up.
An Australian magpie digging for food in a lawn.
Flickr/Lance, CC BY-NC-ND
So how do they do it? Several movements are involved.
To make certain that a jab with its beak will hit the exact spot where the juicy grub is, the magpie first walks slowly and scans the ground. It then stops and looks closely at the ground – seemingly with both eyes working together.
Then, holding absolutely still, the magpie turns its head so the left side of the head and ear is close to the ground for a final confirming listen.
Finally, the bird straightens up, then executes a powerful jab into the ground before retrieving the grub.
An Australian magpie digging for food gets a grub.
Wikimedia/Toby Hudson, CC BY-SA
That is very clever of the magpies. Very few animals can extract food they can't see. Only great apes and humans were thought to have this ability. Clever magpies indeed. And farmers love them for keeping a major pest under control.
Read more:
Curious Kids: Why do birds sing?
Gisela Kaplan, Emeritus Professor in Animal Behaviour, University of New England
Cable ties probably won't stop magpie attacks – here are a few things to try instead
Stylish? No. Effective? Probably not.
Tony Wills/Wikimedia Commons, CC BY
Bill Bateman, Curtin University
Every spring in Australia is heralded by reports of magpies swooping at people. While it is of little comfort to those at the receiving end of a surprise attack, such events are actually quite rare when one considers the number of magpies across Australia, and the fact that they love to share our urban habitat with us.
According to one estimate, fewer than 10% of magpies swoop, and even fewer of these do so consistently. It is almost always males that swoop, and they only do so when they have chicks in the nest. Once the chicks are out the males seem to calm down; presumably they perceive nest-bound chicks as most vulnerable.
Swooping behaviour also seems to vary across Australia – at least according to Magpie Alert!, a website on which the public can report magpie attacks. Many more swoops have been reported in the eastern states than in Western Australia, and fewest of all in Tasmania.
Read more:
Bird-brained and brilliant: Australia's avians are smarter than you think
But regardless of their relative rarity, being the target of a swooping attack by a magpie can be frightening. It has resulted in injuries and, tragically this week, the death of a 76-year-old cyclist in Wollongong.
What can we do to avoid ending up on the receiving end? Is any of the advice meted out each year on avoiding attacks actually worthwhile, or backed by evidence? As with just about everything involving biology, the answer is "it depends".
Some magpies never attack pedestrians but go for cyclists; others do the opposite. And some hold a deep animus against posties on bikes, and reserve their fury solely for them. Even more astonishingly, some magpies seem to really have it in for particular people, and will preferentially attack them.
Although Australian magpies are not related to true crows, they do share similar levels of intelligence. US researchers have shown that American crows recognise people who have trapped them to band them, give alarm calls when they next see them, and even pass on that information to untrapped birds who also sound the alarm when they see trappers.
It seems likely that Australian magpies do the same, effectively holding a grudge against particular people. Unfortunate posties, travelling the same route each day and meeting the same magpies, seem to end up on the naughty list through no fault of their own.
Cyclists do seem to invoke more extreme reactions than pedestrians, judging by the fact that magpies appear to pursue cyclists farther. It therefore stands to reason that the best response to a swooping attack while cycling would be to get off and push your bike.
You will of course be wearing a bike helmet, and as magpies swoop from behind, this will offer protection against its sharp beak.
Sadly it seems that the classic tactic of attaching cable ties to your helmet does little to deter a determined magpie, beyond the fact that some strategic placing can help keep them away from your ears. Ditto the idea of painting eyes on the back of your helmet or hat.
More reassuringly, however, magpies really only swoop in the vicinity of their nest, so once you have moved away you should be safe. If you become aware of swooping attacks in a certain area the best thing is to avoid it – even just crossing the road should be sufficient.
If you can't do that, at least wear a hat and sunglasses; these will help reduce the chance of a determined magpie pecking a sensitive area. Turning to face magpies may also help – many birds do not appreciate being stared at, and as magpies prefer to swoop from behind, this may be a good tactic if you find yourself cornered in a park.
If you have magpies in your garden, perhaps the most appealing way of avoiding attacks is to become their best friend. Given that magpies have long memories, a few judicious offerings of mince or similar tidbits throughout the year can help you befriend them, making them much more amenable to your presence come spring.
But don't overfeed them – it's just a friendly bribe, not a full-blown dependency.
Read more:
Magpies can form friendships with people – here's how
If all else fails, simply console yourself with the fact that swooping season only lasts a few weeks. For the rest of the year magpies are peaceful urban nighbours who delight us with their distinctive song.
Bear that in mind, and we can hopefully reach a détente with our feathered (and occasionally flustered) friends. In the meantime, if you are unlucky enough to be swooped, remember to help others avoid the same fate by posting the details to Magpie Alert!.The Conversation
Bill Bateman, Associate professor, Curtin University


Polish Ordinal Numbers
Polish Teacher
Numbers and Dates
What are ordinal numbers?
They are 'first','second', 'third' etc.
They are very useful to learn!
When to use ordinal numbers in Polish
There are many situations and sentences where you will need to use ordinal numbers. They include:
 - When talking about dates in Polish
 - When talking about the time (for example when saying something is "1 o'clock" = godzina pierwsza.
 - and of course when saying things like "this is the first...".
What are the Polish ordinal numbers?
The table below shows them in masculine form. Remember they can be fem. (replace -y with -a) or neut. form too (replace with -e)
English Polish
First pierwszy
Second drugi
Third trzeci
4th czwarty
5th piąty
6th szósty
7th siódmy
8th ósmy
9th dziewiąty
Tenth dziesiąty
Eleventh jedenasty
12th dwunasty
13th trzynasty
14th czternasty
15th piętnasty
16th szesnasty
17th siedemnasty
18th osiemnasty
19th dziewiętnasty
20th dwudziesty
21st dwudziesty pierwszy
30th trzydziesty
100th setny
200th dwusetny
300th trzechsetny
400th czterechsetny
500th pięćsetny
1000th tysięczny
1000000th milionowy
Think you know these words? Take a free online Polish vocab test of these words here Online Test
Next Related Lessons:


text:
Framework Planning of a Provincial Information Management Platform for Energy Resource Analysis and Forecast Based on Diversified Data Acquisition
The information system with function of data acquisition and processing could be an essential foundation of decision making and planning for government on energy resource management in China. However, some existing barriers have impeded the usage of data, such as inefficiency mode of data reporting and transmission, sluggishness of data collection and summarization, deficiency of data standardization and serious information asymmetry. In this paper, a framework planning of an info management platform in provincial level is proposed for energy resource condition analysis and prediction. The various types of data from industries of electrical power, coal, petroleum and others such as bio-gas is acquired and analyzed based on certain data processing methods. And the related systems of statistic index, early warning index, monitoring index and unit GDP energy consumption statistic index and evaluation are established. The proposed platform can support info service to government or related department, help keep the balance and stabilization of energy supply.
Qunjie Xu, Hui Li and Qiaoxia Li
L. Ma et al., "Framework Planning of a Provincial Information Management Platform for Energy Resource Analysis and Forecast Based on Diversified Data Acquisition", Advanced Materials Research, Vols. 869-870, pp. 495-503, 2014


Everything You Need to Know About Fulbright Creative and Performing Arts Awards
Jun 29, 2017 • Views -
When applying for a Fulbright U.S. Student Award for Study/Research, it can be difficult to determine if your proposal is an "Academic" or "Creative and Performing Arts" project. While there are many similarities between academic and arts-related awards, there are several key differences that make it critical to understand which category your proposed project best fits. Fulbright Program staff recently recorded a webinar to help explain some commonly misunderstood aspects of the Creative and Performing Arts application process. Here are some of the top questions asked by applicants and their answers. Visit the Fulbright Webinar page to access the full recorded seminar on the 2018-19 Arts Awards.
1. How do I know if I should apply as a Creative and Performing Arts candidate?
When determining whether your project proposal is academic or artistic in nature, you should ask yourself whether or not the project hinges on your artistic abilities and background. Arts-related projects should develop your craft while interacting with a larger question. Academic projects can have artistic themes but don't necessary depend on your abilities as an artist. For example, if you propose an independent study project on murals in Mexico where you'd be analyzing pieces and writing about art theory/history, you would apply as an academic candidate. If you proposed this same project but focused on learning local techniques and incorporating new skills into your personal murals/paintings, you would apply as an arts candidate.
2. Are there any different application components needed if applying for an Arts award?
When applying for a U.S. Student Program Study/Research award, you will have the option to select either "Academic" or "Creative and Performing Arts" as your award type. Creative and Performing Arts applicants are required to submit supplementary materials related to their field such as an artistic portfolio or previous work examples. Arts awards are accepted in the same countries and regions as academic study/research awards, although some countries haven't had as many arts applicants in the past.
3. Are arts-related Fulbright applications generally successful?
There is no definitive answer regarding the overall success rate of arts applications, although Fulbright has had a growing interest in supporting arts candidates. The number of arts applicants has decreased in the last few years. Even if a country hasn't supported any arts applicants in the past, it might not be because that country isn't interested in the arts; some countries might not have previously received strong arts applications.
 4. Are there any countries or regions that specifically need more arts-related candidates?
Yes! Many regions see a surplus of academic study/research applicants or English Teaching Assistant applicants. The East Asia/Pacific region is specifically looking for more arts-related study/research applicants.
5. If I'm applying for a Study/Research award for a graduate program abroad, how do I know if I might be considered an arts candidate?
Look at the materials that the university requires in your application. If you're applying for a graduate program that requires a portfolio or audition, then you should most likely apply as a Creative and Performing Arts candidate for your Fulbright Study/Research award.
6. Is creative writing a supported art form?
Yes, absolutely. A list of supported arts-related disciplines can be found on the Fulbright website.
7. What are the biggest mistakes that applicants make when applying for an arts award?
Fulbright sees two major flaws in many arts applications. The first is proposing to replicate the same projects or work that you're doing in the United States. For example, if an artist makes small pottery in the U.S. and proposes to make the exact same type of pottery in Morocco, Fulbright will want to see a greater challenge or transformational aspect to the proposal. Conversely, the other major flaw that Fulbright sees is related to feasibility. Many applicants propose projects that are completely different from their artistic backgrounds and fail to make strong cases about how they have sufficient training and experience to complete their projects. For example, Fulbright typically wouldn't find it feasible for an artist with a background in pottery to choreograph and direct a community dance showcase if the applicant has expressed no prior experience or training in dance or the performing arts. Fulbright is looking for applicants who have the solid foundation in their field needed to complete a project, but the intent to build upon their craft in a meaningful and logical way.
8. Can I apply to a country where I have limited language skills?
Every country has different language requirements. Some require fluency or intermediate skills while some countries have no language requirements. Even if a country has no formal language requirements, it's important for you to keep the feasibility of your project in mind. If you're doing a project where you need to interview many people, for example, you might need a more advanced set of language skills.
9. If I'm applying for the second time, am I obligated to provide new portfolio materials?
It depends on how your portfolio materials relate to the current project you're proposing. If you're applying for the second time, the committee might wonder about the projects that you've been working on in the year since you last applied. Strong applications show growth and development in artistic ability.
10. If I propose a project that affiliates with a specific university in a specific city, am I still able to explore my proposed topic in other regions of the host country?
While Fulbright wants you to have a "home base" within your proposed host country, most applicants travel within the country as needed to conduct other aspects of their projects. Fulbright wouldn't want you moving around every week, but in-country travel both related to your project and for cultural exchange purposes is highly encouraged.
Interested in applying? Bookmark the Fulbright U.S. Student Program for Study/Research to your ProFellow account.
Also see our articles on Fulbright Application Tips for more insights on developing a strong Fulbright application.
© Victoria Johnson 2017, all rights reserved.
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Take the 2-minute tour ×
On page 188 of my סדור רינת ישראל (or p. 196 in this edition) the instructions for lighting shabbat candles begins as follows: כשהחמה בראש האילנות, מדליקים נר של שבת.
My limited Hebrew has me understand this as "when the sun is at the tops of the trees, light the shabbat candles."
The time for lighting has been expressed in terms of shkiah or evening or something specific to the clock (the notes at the bottom of page 296 of the Artscroll siddur Kol Yaakov speak of "approximately 18 minutes before sunset"). This instruction speaks of the position of the sun relative to trees -- which trees? How tall are they? At what angle am I standing? And maybe it is just me and my understanding of trees, but when the sun is at the rosh of the trees is significantly earlier in the day than candle lighting is usually set for. Is this statement encouraging an earlier shabbat or am I misunderstanding the printed instructions?
Help is, as always, appreciated.
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
The Talmud (Shabbat 35b) discusses the exact time where Bein Hashemashot (dusk -- the time the Melacha becomes forbidden) and concludes that those who are not experts in the calculations should light while the sun is still atop the trees. This is an approxamite time which is designed to ensure that one definitely does not light too late. This rule is recorded in Shulchan Aruch OC 261:3.
The custom of lighting 18 minutes before sunset is to fulfill every possible opinion in the Rishonim (even those we don't paskin like) about when sunset is, notably the opinion of the Yereim who holds that the "sunset" begins 3/4 of a mil before astronomical sunset. If we take a mil to be 24 minutes (the longest opinion), then it comes out that Shabbat starts 18 minutes before astronomical sunset. (see Shaar Hatziyun 261:21)
share|improve this answer
I think I've heard that there are communities that use 40 minutes instead of 18. I don't know what that would be based on. – Monica Cellio Sep 30 '12 at 2:12
_USER_ judaism.stackexchange.com/q/13472/759 – Double AA Sep 30 '12 at 2:14
Both the S"A and my siddur omit that this speaks of date trees (I have no idea if this means a date tree 100 feet away or right above me, or how tall a date tree is). And the siddur ignores the follow up line about what to do on a cloudy day. Chickens, it seems, are less relevant than date trees. But I would still assume that the sun is atop a tree (unless the tree is on a far horizon) much earlier in the day. The siddur's use of IT when by 1981 (the publ date) there were other signifiers seems strange. – Danno Sep 30 '12 at 3:55
Your Answer


text:
Last Updated: Tuesday - 01/04/2011
February 19, 2001
School district to launch native education project
WESTERN CATHOLIC REPORTER
EDMONTON — Aboriginal students have a hard time adapting to city schools, a situation that often translates into low academic achievement, a high dropout rate and low self-esteem.
Statistics show aboriginal students are struggling in the school system. Their high school graduation rate is about 52 per cent in Alberta compared to 72 per cent for non-aboriginal students.
What makes it even harder for aboriginal students is that the curriculum doesn't reflect their cultural heritage.
That's all about to change as Edmonton Catholic Schools plans to address the problem with the help of a $1.6 million grant from Alberta Learning.
The purpose of the ambitious project is to help aboriginal students achieve higher success, said Bob Steele, division principal in aboriginal education.
"What we are trying to do is work on ways that all our schools can be more effective in working with aboriginal students."
The two-year pilot project and research study, beginning in September, will find ways to increase academic achievement among aboriginal students and lower their almost 50 per cent high school dropout rate, explained native education consultant Louise Breland.
"The idea is to make schools more responsive to the needs of aboriginal students."
A study conducted last year shows aboriginal parents and students want a better kindergarten to Grade 12 school program but they don't necessarily want a segregated school, noted Steele.
"About 90 per cent of aboriginal parents and students want to be able to go to their neighbourhood school with their friends and do well."
Six Edmonton Catholic schools, including elementary, junior high and high schools, will be picked for the project from about 15 that have expressed interest in participating. The final cut will be made in mid-March.
Grant money will be used to train teachers and staff in cultural awareness so they become more sensitive to aboriginal students' needs and make them feel more welcome in the schools.
Liaison workers will be hired to work closely with families and increase their involvement in the school life. "Parents want to feel that they can come to school and feel welcomed and wanted there too," Steele said.
Libraries will carry books by aboriginal authors and all classes will include aboriginal culture so students can see themselves reflected in the curriculum.
"For me, this is very much an issue of social justice and it's about time we had the financial support to tackle it," Breland said.
Steele said the project's research study component will be shared with schools across Alberta.
"I guess what the research will do is tell us what works and what doesn't when it comes to having this group of students come to school and do well and feel good about it."
There are about 1,500 aboriginal students in the Edmonton Catholic school system.
Copyright © 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 -- Western Catholic Reporter
Our mission: To serve our readers by bringing the Gospel to bear on current issues in the Church and in secular culture through accurate news coverage and reflective commentary.


text:
A cog railway, rack-and-pinion railway or rack railway is a railway with a toothed rack rail, usually between the running rails. The trains are fitted with one or more cog wheels or pinions that mesh with this rack rail. This allows the trains to operate on steep gradients.
The first cog railway was the Middleton Railway between Middleton and Leeds in West Yorkshire, England, UK, where the first commercial steam locomotive, The Salamanca, ran in 1812. This used a rack and pinion system designed and patented in 1811 by John Blenkinsop.
The first mountain cog railway was the Mount Washington Cog Railway in the US state of New Hampshire, which carried its first fare-paying passengers in 1868 and reached the summit of Mount Washington in 1869. The first rack railway in Europe was the Vitznau-Rigi-Bahn on Mount Rigi in Switzerland, which opened in 1871. Both lines are still running.
A number of different rack systems have been developed. Today, the majority of rack railways use the Abt system.
The Riggenbach rack system was invented by Niklaus Riggenbach working at about the same time as, but independently from Marsh. Riggenbach was granted a French patent in 1863 based on a working model which he used to interest potential Swiss backers. During this time, the Swiss Consul to the United States visited Marsh's Mount Washington Cog Railway and reported back with enthusiasm to the Swiss government. Eager to boost tourism in Switzerland, the government commissioned Riggenbach to build a rack railway up Rigi Mountain. Following the construction of a prototype locomotive and test track in a quarry near Berne, the Vitznau-Rigi-Bahn opened on 22 May 1871.
The Riggenbach system is similar in design to the Marsh system. It uses a ladder rack, formed of steel plates or channels connected by round or square rods at regular intervals. The Riggenbach system suffers from the problem that its fixed ladder rack is more complex and expensive to build than the other systems. Common structural shapes Following the success of the Vitznau-Rigi-Bahn, Riggenbach established the Maschinenfabrik der Internationalen Gersellschaft fur Bergbahnen (IGB) - a company that produced rack locomotives to his design.
The Strub rack system was invented by Emil Strub in 1896. It uses a rolled flat-bottom rail with rack teeth machined into the head approximately 100 mm apart. Safety jaws fitted to the locomotive engage with the underside of the head to prevent derailments.
The best-known use of the Strub system is on the Jungfraubahn in Switzerland. It is the simplest rack system to maintain and has become increasingly popular.
The Abt system was devised by Roman Abt, a Swiss locomotive engineer. Abt worked for Riggenbach at his works in Olten and later at his IGB rack locomotive company. In 1885 he founded his own civil engineering company.
During the early 1880s, Abt worked to devise an improved rack system that overcame the limitations of the Riggenbach system. In particular, the Riggenbach rack was expensive to manufacture and maintain and the switches were complex. In 1882 Abt designed a new rack using solid bars with vertical teeth machined into them. Two or three of these bars are mounted centrally between the rails, with the teeth offset. The use of multiple bars with offset teeth ensures that the pinions on the locomotive driving wheels are constantly engaged with the rack. The Abt system is cheaper to build than the Riggenbach because it requires a lower weight of rack over a given length. However the Riggenbach system exhibits greater wear resistance than the Abt.
The first use of the Abt system was on the Harzbahn in Germany which opened in 1885.
The pinion wheels can be mounted on the same axle as the rail wheels (as in the picture at right), or driven separately. The steam locomotives on the Mount Lyell Mining and Railway Company had separate pistons driving the pinion wheel.
The Locher rack system, invented by Eduard Locher, has gear teeth cut in the sides rather than the top of the rail, engaged by two cog wheels on the locomotive. This system allows use on steeper grades than the other systems, whose teeth could jump out of the rack. It is used on the Pilatus Railway.
Locher set out to design a rack system that could be used on gradients as steep as 1 in 2 (50%). The Abt system - the most common rack system in Switzerland at the time - was limited to a maximum gradient of 1 in 4 (25%). Locher showed that on steeper grade, the Abt system was prone to the driving pinion over-riding the rack causing potentially catastrophic derailments, as predicted by Dr. Abt. To overcome this problem and allow a rack line up the steep sides of Mt. Pilatus, Locher developed a rack system where the rack is a flat bar with symmetrical, horizontal teeth. Horizontal pinion engage the centrally-mounted bar, both driving the locomotive and keeping it centered on the track.
Following tests, the Locher system was deployed on the Pilatus Railway which opened in 1889. No other public railway uses the Locher system, although some European coal mines use a similar system on steeply graded underground lines.
The Lamella system (also known as the Von Roll system) was developed by the Von Roll company after the rolled steel rails used in the Strub system became unavailable. It is formed from a single blade cut in a similar fashion to the Abt system but typically wider than a single Abt bar. The Lamella rack can be used by locomotives designed for use on the Riggenbach or the Strub systems and some railways use rack from multiple systems. The St. Gallen Gais Appenzell Railway in Switzerland has sections of Riggenbach, Strub and Lamella rack.
Most of the rack railways built from the late 20th century onwards have used the Lamella system.
Originally almost all cog railways were powered by steam locomotives. The steam locomotive needs to be extensively modified to work effectively in this environment. Unlike a diesel locomotive or electric locomotive, the steam locomotive only works when its powerplant (the boiler, in this case) is fairly level. The locomotive boiler requires water to cover the boiler tubes and firebox sheets at all times, particularly the crown sheet, the metal top of the firebox. If this is not covered with water, the heat of the fire will soften it enough to give way under the boiler pressure, leading to a catastrophic failure.
On rack systems with extreme gradients, the boiler, cab and general superstructure of the locomotive are tilted forward relative to the wheels so that they are more or less horizontal when on the steeply graded track. These locomotives often cannot function on level track, and so the entire line, including maintenance shops, must be laid on a gradient. This is one of the reasons why rack railways were among the first to be electrified and most of today's rack railways are electrically powered.
On a rack-only railroad locomotives always push their passenger cars for safety reasons since the locomotive is fitted with powerful brakes, often including hooks or clamps that grip the rack rail solidly. Some locomotives are fitted with automatic brakes that apply if the speed gets too high, preventing runaways. Often there is no coupler between locomotive and train since gravity will always push the passenger car down against the locomotive. Electrically powered vehicles often have electromagnetic track brakes as well.
The maximum speed of trains operating on a cog railway is generally very low, about 25 km/h.
See also list of mountain railways
Uses steam engines [WORLD HERITAGE CERTIFIED]
not a rack railway but similar technology
Fell system railway (not rack):
US Patent Issued to International Business Machines on Sept. 27 for "Tool-Less Rack Rail System Incorporating Clamping Mechanism" (Minnesota, Texas Inventors)
Oct 01, 2011; ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 1 -- United States Patent no. 8,025,166, issued on Sept. 27, was assigned to International Business...
Patent No. 7,762,411 Issued on July 27, Assigned to IBM for Tool-Less Rack Rail System (Minnesota, Texas Inventors)
Jul 28, 2010; ALEXANDRIA, Va., July 30 -- Stephen Peter Mroz, Joseph Daniel Rico and Jeffrey Alan Verkerke, all from Rochester, Minn., and John...


text: A late 19th-century Boston photographer, A.H. Folsom, captured this amazing picture of a sixth-grade class with almost every student examining a small desk globe. This image is part of a photographic survey commissioned by the Boston Public Schools in 1892-93. A number of these photographs were included in an album displayed at the Paris Exposition Universelle in 1900. While most certainly posed, the photograph speaks to the importance of geography and an understanding of global issues in the late-19th-century Boston Public School curriculum. In the same vein, the photograph can serve as an icon for the Norman B. Leventhal Map Center's mission of making the Boston Public Library's map collection available to Bostonians of all ages, particularly, the city's school children. The children portrayed in this photograph attended the George Putnam Grammar School which was located at 2025 Columbus Avenue. Today, the site of the Putnam school is across the street from the Eggleston Square Branch of the Boston Public Library. The school was named for Dr. George Putnam, the long-time pastor of First Church in Roxbury. He also served as a member of Boston Public Library's Board of Trustees from _PHONE_.


Isolating Dimension Members to Use in Calculations and Filters
Published: 22 Feb 2013
Last Modified Date: 03 Jan 2019
How to isolate a single member of a dimension to use in calculations and filters
Tableau Desktop
Select Analysis > Create Calculated Field.
 2. In the Formula box, type the following formula:
 IF [fieldName] = "Member_Name" THEN [measureName] ELSE NULL END
 3. Click OK.
In the attached sample workbook, the field is called Red, the dimension is Color, and the formula is:
IF [Color] = 'Red' THEN 'Red' ELSE NULL END
Additional Information
You can use the same steps to create a conditional calculated field to use as a filter.
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Let $A$, $B$ and $C$ be discrete countable groups. Let $\alpha$ be an action of $A$ on $B$ and let $\beta$ be an action of $B$ on $C$.
Question Does there always exist a group $G$ which has $A$, $B$ and $C$ as subgroups and such that the group generated by $A$ and $B$ is $A\ltimes B$ and the group generated by $B$ and $C$ is $B\ltimes C$?
One obvious situation when such a group $G$ exists is when the action $\beta$ extends to an action of $A\ltimes B$. Then we can take $G=(A\ltimes B)\ltimes C$. But I'm interested in situations when $\beta$ doesn't extend.
For example take $A$ to be the infinite cyclic group with generator $t$, $B$ to be the free group on infinitely many generators indexed by $\mathbb Z$ (denote the generators by $g_n, n\in \mathbb Z$), and $C$ to be the rational numbers. Let $g_n$ act on $C$ by multiplication by $n$ if $n\neq 0$ and by identity for $n=0$, and let $t$ act on $B$ by sending $g_n$ to $g_{n+1}$.
Question In this specific situation does there exist $G$ as above?
share|cite|improve this question
The solution below via HNN-extensions shows this works in general, by appealing to 'big' groups. An interesting further question is "When does there exist a group $G$ as above, generated by $A, B$ and $C$?" – Jonathan Kiehlmann Jul 7 '11 at 11:55
The amalgamated product is generated by $A,B,C$. You probably meant something else. – Mark Sapir Jul 7 '11 at 13:24
1 Answer 1
up vote 12 down vote accepted
The answer to the specific question is "yes". Let $U$ be the semidirect product of $C$ and $B$. Then as $G$, you take the HNN extension of $U$ with the free letter $t$ and associated subgroups equal to $B$, with the automorphism provided by the shift of generators. The result then follows from the usual properties of HNN extensions. The same argument applies in general when $A$ is cyclic.
In general you can take the semidirect products and take their amalgamated product with amalgamated subgroup $B$.
share|cite|improve this answer
Your Answer


text:
Unanswered: Checking text box text against original
Wondering if anyone can help me with this?
I have a text box on a products form that allows a user to edit the current product details, one of these details is the total number of products received to date.
If the user edits this text box then they can set this value equal to less than the original value. I want to make sure that whatever number they enter, it is greater than the original value that was in the text box.
If it isn't i want to be able to display a message box telling them this.


text:
What Is The Conoco Weather Clause (CWC)?
A charter party is contracted when a shipowner allows another party (commonly referred to as a charterer), to charter their vessel for the purpose of transporting cargo.
Within this agreement, the charterer would state the allotted time that is required to load and unload cargo to and from the vessel, which is known as laytime. Should the time frame for loading or unloading goods exceed the laytime, the shipowner is permitted to charge the charterer vessel demurrage fee.
The inverse is also true when the charterer completes the loading and unloading of goods earlier than the agreed laytime. The charterer is then allowed to claim a despatch fee from the shipowner.
There are various conditions and clauses that can affect laytime. In this article, we'll take a detailed look at the Conoco Weather Clause (CWC) and how it affects laytime and demurrage charges. We've also made sure to include a case study towards the end of the article for better understanding.
What Is the Conoco Weather Clause (CWC)?
The Conoco Weather Clause (CWC) is defined as "Delays in berthing for loading or discharging and any delays after berthing which are due to weather conditions shall count as one-half laytime or, if on demurrage, at one-half demurrage rate."
As such, CWC exists to ensure a shared burden between the shipowner and the charterer during unfavorable weather conditions that prevent berthing, loading, or unloading of goods.
How The Conoco Weather Clause Works
The Conoco Weather Clause is initiated by the charterer, and the ship owners are free to prove that any delays in berthing, loading, or unloading of goods are not caused by unfavorable weather conditions.
There are 2 principal guidelines to consider before a Conoco Weather Clause can be initiated:
- Laytime has already started.
- Proof, preferably documented, that the delays encountered are due to bad weather. The best evidence is to secure written confirmation from the port operator or the shipowner's agents that vessel operations have ceased due to bad weather resulting in port closure or work stoppage due to unforeseen weather conditions.
Establishing laytime is important because it is the basis for the computation of demurrage and disputes are often long undertakings. In the next section, we will discuss how laytime commences under the Asbatankvoy Charter Party and the Shellvoy Charter Party.
How Laytime Commences with Asbatankvoy Charter Party
In clause 9 established in the Asbatankvoy Charter Party, laytime can be established based on two requirements. First, a berth must be reachable on arrival (ROA), and second, a Notice of Readiness (NOR) has already been given by the master of the vessel.
Physical or Non-Physical obstructions do not form part of laytime such as:
- Non-availability of tugboats
- Congestion experienced in port
- Bad weather
- The NOR has already been issued but a vessel does not have access to its assigned berth
How Laytime Commences with Shellvoy 5 Charter Party
Under the Shellvoy 5 charter party agreement, an ROA is no longer required. Laytime can start based on two scenarios:
- 6 hours after the vessel arrives at its assigned berth and written notice has been given that the vessel is ready to load/unload cargo.
- If the vessel does not proceed directly to its berth, laytime may start 6 hours after the vessel is in the assigned waiting area or in what is defined as the port's waiting area, a NOR has already been issued by the Master of the vessel, and the berth is readily accessible.
A berth is deemed to be inaccessible if it is affected by bad weather, waiting for tugboats, or within the limits set by port traffic control. If a berth is accessible, but the vessel cannot dock due to weather conditions, laytime commences and CWC can be applicable.
When The Conoco Weather Clause Applies
Taking both types of charter parties into account, the Conoco Weather Clause applies when either of the following conditions is valid:
- The vessel is in berth and bad weather has disrupted loading and/or unloading operations.
- The vessel hasn't reached its assigned berth and is unable to berth due to bad weather conditions but the laytime has already commenced.
The Conoco Weather Clause applies only up to the time when bad weather ceases. Any other reasons that contribute to delay, such as port congestion, have to be assessed differently based on the actual events and circumstances.
Case Study: Conoco Weather Clause
One infamous scenario featuring a Conoco Weather Clause can be found in the case of Moutain Blossom. This case was arbitrated in New York with the facts of the case as follows.
Under the Asbatankvoy charter party, the vessel had arrived at the loading port and was unable to dock due to berth availability. While waiting, the port authorities declared that the port will be closed due to heavy fog.
The charterer sought protection and initiated the Conoco Weather Clause for port closure beyond their control. The arbitrator ruled that since the vessel could not get into the assigned berth due to the fog, one-half of the laytime did not count as part of the total laytime.
Co-Founder & Writer
About the Author
Gerrit is a certified international supply chain management professional with 15 years of industry experience, having worked for one of the largest global freight forwarders.
As the co-founder of freightcourse, he's committed to his passion for serving as a source of education and information on various supply chain topics.


text:
Troubleshooting: IE6 defect interferes with screen refresh of dynamic select controls
If your application users acess Process Commander with Microsoft Internet Explorer Version 6.0 (IE6) and your application includes a Gradient filter in a style sheet, you will notice that scrolling the container window causes Dynamic Select controls (drop-down lists) to disappear.
When you click within the window at the locus of a particular Select control, the control reappears.
This is a known defect in IE6.The defect surfaces in applications using a customized CSS (referenced in a skin rule) in which a gradient filter has been enabled. The problem does not occur when you use the same CSS without a gradient filter applied, or the standard skins.
The problem is caused by style coding like this example:
filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Gradient(enabled='true',GradientType=0, startColorStr='_TAG_', endColorStr='#95A6C7')
The following screens illustrate the initial UI state and the disappearance and reappearance of Dynamic Select controls when focus changes between your scrolling and clicking interactions.
If you need to support IE6, do not use gradient filters when you customize the standard CSS.
If you need to use gradient filters in your customized CSS, upgrade to IE7. (Note that gradient features are a Microsoft extension to CSS, not supported by non-Microsoft browsers.)
For more information, refer to the Microsoft Developer Network (MSDN) article cited.


text:
News Content Perspective of TV One and Metro TV in Seeing Indonesia Government Policy
In the new order era, media is chained and regarded as a mouthpiece of New Order government. After 17 years the fall of the New Order regime, some of the media in Indonesia still can never escape from the intervention, particularly media owners. This research aims to determine the differences of political perspective of two television media toward the government. The research used qualitative method which relies on secondary data through documentation. The results indicate that the political orientation of the media owners had intervened the media perspective against the government. Media cannot be an objective watchdog of the government, because the news on the televisions is subjective. The media, such as TV One and Metro TV, have different agenda and perspective. The setting of a resource as well as the communications attitude of the TV One host shows its role as a government watchdog. Metro TV has a different attitude; there is tendency to be more cooperative and accommodating with government and the policies of President Joko Widodo.
Margynata Kurnia Putra, Yusa Djuyandi and La Mani


How to Query into RDS MySQL Using AWS Lambda
Lab Details
 1. This lab walks you through the creation of an RDS MySQL Database, creating a table and inserting some values using MySQL Workbench. Now we will create a Lambda function and write MySQL queries to read and write data into the database.
 2. Duration: 60 minutes
 3. AWS Region: US East (N. Virginia)
 1. For testing this lab, it is necessary to download the MySql GUI Tool, To download it, go to the Download MySQL Workbench page. Based on your OS, select the respective option under Generally Available (GA) Releases. Download and Install.
Task Details
 1. Login to AWS Management Console
 2. Create a security group for RDS Instance
 3. Create an IAM Role
 4. Create RDS Database Instance
 5. Connect to the RDS instance using MySQL Workbench
 6. Create a Lambda function
 7. View the Table data in Lambda
 8. Insert values to RDS from Lambda
Architecture Diagram
Step 1 : Login to My-Account


text:
A Polje is a large flat-bottomed valley feature of limestone regions formed by prolonged dissolution. The Carron Polje is the largest enclosed depression in Ireland, with an area of approximately 4.5 square kilometres. The "disappearing lake" or Turlough is the most noticeable part of the Polje.
The depression began forming several millions of years ago when overlying shale layers were eroded and rainwater began the slow process of dissolving the underlying limestone. As erosion continued and the depression grew, insoluble components of the limestone accumulated and formed an impermeable layer over the limestone, this prevented further downward dissolution and encouraged the lateral widening of the depression giving us the flat-bottomed feature we see today.
The disappearing lake or Turlough is the most obvious part of the Polje. After significant rainfall the bottom of the valley fills with water to form a lake. The only outlet to drain the water is through a small natural karst fissure in the limestone at the southern margin of the lake. This can get blocked by mud or other debris and drains slowly. If there is no significant rainfall the water will drain and the lake will disappear only to fill again after more rain. During dry periods the lake floor is grazed by cattle.
Despite the relatively high amount of rainfall (>1000mm per year) there is only one small surface river in the Burren. This is because soil is very thin or absent and the limestone has been karstified, so deep fissures carry the surface water underground very quickly. These fissures form a complex network and sometimes form conduits that can transport water long distances very quickly. The water that flows underground from the end of the Carron Tulough is known to emerge 6km to the south near Kilnaboy. This makes the Burrren particularly vulnerable to water pollution.


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How to say appraiser and appraisal in Spanish?
I work as an appraiser in areas with a lot of Spanish speakers. I have looked up appraiser in a dictionary and it shows "el tasador". Is this commonly understood? I have never heard it in the field. For appraisal I usually use "valuación". Thanks for your help.
For learning: Spanish
Base language: English
Category: Other
 Please enter between 2 and 2000 characters.
 Sort by:
 Best Answer - Chosen by the Asker
 Appraiser = is the person who calculated a value the price or the rate, to a house or something.
 Appraiser = evaluador, valuador o tasador
 Appraisal = valorización, estimación, apreciación, tasación, evaluación
 In Spain I would say "tasador" and "tasación".
 We had a so big housing bubble, that everyone can understand these two words.
 Submit your answer
 Please enter between 2 and 2000 characters.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I'm trying to get the progress of an Apache HTTP Client Execute method. Is it possible to either
 1. Get the mount of input stream that has been read by the execute method or
 2. Monitor the execute process using some internal method either by percent or amount of data sent?
The code below sends an input stream to the server (in this case an image) which is then stored appropriately. Problem is with high resolution cameras and slow mobile operators its hard to tell if an upload is actually taking place. The code does work, but feedback is desired.
public List writeBinary(String script, InputStream lInputStream) {
 Log.d(Global.TAG,"-->writing to server...");
 HttpParams httpParameters = new BasicHttpParams();
 HttpConnectionParams.setConnectionTimeout(httpParameters, 5*1000);
 HttpConnectionParams.setSoTimeout(httpParameters, 60*1000);
 HttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient(httpParameters);
 HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("_URL_" + script);
 String responseText = null;
 List responseArray = new ArrayList();
 try {
 httppost.setEntity(new InputStreamEntity(lInputStream, -1));
 HttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
 if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200){
 InputStream lInputStreamResponse = response.getEntity().getContent();
 DataInputStream lDataInputStream = new DataInputStream(lInputStreamResponse);
 BufferedReader lBufferReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(lDataInputStream));
 while ((responseText = lBufferReader.readLine())!= null){
 } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
 } catch (IOException e) {
 return responseArray;
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
I prefer to "decorate" the stream/reader/writer object a little bit, add the desired progress feature into it. In decorated stream/reader/writer, you can keep a counter to indicate the progress, you can even put a indicator callback into it. ;-)
Something like this:
public Class CountableOutputStream implements OutputStream {
 private int counter;
 private OutputStream origStream;
Actually, the whole Java IO package demonstrate this design pattern fairly well.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text: This paper introduces a novel wrapper-based outlier detection framework (WrapperOD) and its instance (HOUR) for identifying outliers in noisy data (i.e., data with noisy features) with strong couplings between outlying behaviors. Existing subspace or feature selection-based methods are significantly challenged by such data, as their search of feature subset(s) is independent of outlier scoring and thus can be misled by noisy features. In contrast, HOUR takes a wrapper approach to iteratively optimize the feature subset selection and outlier scoring using a top-κ outlier ranking evaluation measure as its objective function. HOUR learns homophily couplings between outlying behaviors (i.e., abnormal behaviors are not independent - they bond together) in constructing a noise-resilient outlier scoring function to produce a reliable outlier ranking in each iteration. We show that HOUR (i) retains a 2-approximation outlier ranking to the optimal one; and (ii) significantly outperforms five stateof-the-art competitors on 15 real-world data sets with different noise levels in terms of AUC and/or P@n. The source code of HOUR is available at _URL_


The Role Of Sound On The Path With Kirtan Musician Krishna Das
Join Andrew on this interview with Krishna Das, the renowned Kirtan musician, on a heartfelt journey into the world of devotion, and the role of sound on the path. What is Kirtan, and how does one listen to it? Can you bring music onto the path, and what are the near enemies in doing so? The discussion turns to sound as the nature of reality, and the role of mantra to reveal reality. Even scientists talk about the Big Bang, and "string theory." Is the world made of sound and light? ("In the beginning was the word, and the word was made flesh.") How does one "listen to the mind," instead of the classic instruction of looking at the mind? KD talks about creativity, the role of improvisation, and what happens when he performs. The conversation turns to how devotion, guru yoga, bhakti yoga, and openness are central to the journey. This interview is uniquely personal, with Andrew and KD sharing intimate stories of their respective paths. At Andrew's request, KD offers two selected Kirtan chants, with commentary; and Andrew offers his performance of a Rachmaninoff prelude. Join us for this disarming and sound-soaked interview, with one of the most endearing artists on the planet.
About Krishna Das
*Pro Tip: Take the interview with you! All our interviews can be downloaded to your smartphone or computer to listen offline and on the go. Click the downward pointing arrow on the Audio track to download.
Take these podcasts with you!
You can find these podcasts at the following podcast partners:


text:
Preoperative splenic artery embolization for massive splenomegaly has been shown to reduce intraoperative hemorrhage during splenectomy. We describe a case of tumor lysis syndrome after proximal splenic artery embolization in a patient with advanced mantle cell lymphoma and splenic involvement. The patient presented initially with hyperkalemia two days after embolization that worsened during splenectomy. He was stabilized, but developed laboratory tumor lysis syndrome with renal failure and expired. High clinical suspicion of tumor lysis syndrome in this setting is advised. Treatment must be started early to avoid serious renal injury and death. Lastly, same day splenectomy and embolization should be considered to decrease the likelihood of developing tumor lysis syndrome.
- Mantle cell lymphoma
- Proximal splenic artery embolization
- Splenic artery embolization
- Tumor lysis syndrome
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging


text:
Pakistan's Daily Times has the scoop on China's newest museum;
China is building a giant underwater museum to preserve and exhibit an ancient shipwreck. The museum, the first of its kind in the world, is to contain a sunken ship more than 800 years old and its treasures.
Archaeologists say the ship is China's most exciting underwater excavation. Named the Southern Sea Number One, it lies under 24 metres of water and two metres of sand and soil.
Archaeologists took more than 6,000 treasures from one small room on the ship in 2002. The Guangdong provincial government has now allocated £10 million to building a five hall underwater museum to preserve the wreck.
Expert's say, "Since the ship and its treasures have become accustomed to being underwater, it's better to keep them there." Read More…
Interested in Underwater Museums? Take a look at Divester's post; "The World's Coolest Underwater Museums"


text:
Welcome to the website of the Clinimetrics group of the VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam
Clinimetrics is a methodological discipline with a focus on the quality of measurements in medical research and clinical practice. The quality of measurements includes both the quality of the measurement instruments and the quality of the performance of the actual measurements
The clinimetrics group consists of a group of excellent and very active researchers in the field of Clinimetrics. Their activities are embedded in the Knowledgecenter Measurement Instruments of the VU University Medical Center, and in the Section Measurement of the Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Vu University Medical Center, Amsterdam. The Clinimetrics group was founded in 2002 with the appointment of Henrica C.W. de Vet as Professor in Clinimetrics.
The Clinimetrics group has the following objectives:


Provider: ingentaconnect Database: ingentaconnect Content: application/x-research-info-systems TY - ABST AU - Carruth, Alan AU - Sanchez-Fung, Jose Roberto TI - Money demand in the Dominican Republic JO - Applied Economics PY - 2000-09-10T00:00:00/// VL - 32 IS - 11 SP - 1439 EP - 1449 N2 - This paper investigates a demand for money relationship for the Dominican Republic. The financial system of the Dominican Republic is underdeveloped, and there are no suitable domestic data on the opportunity cost of holding money. Economic links with the USA suggest a possible role for a foreign interest rate effect and a currency substitution effect in the demand for domestic money. A long-run demand for money relationship is developed from the perspective of alternative estimation methodologies, and it is shown that a 'literature standard' specification augmented by foreign monetary variables is robust. The ensuing short-run dynamic model is adequate, stable and suggests an important role for expected inflation, and a real bilateral exchange rate with the USA. A number of policy implications for the Dominican Republic are drawn from the results. UR - M3 - doi:10.1080/00036840050151511 UR - ER -


Random Color Scheme
Making a coherent Material Design theme is hard. This is a Flutter plugin that generates a random color pallet based on Material Design while respecting WCAG guidelines.
The idea is for you to (temporarily) replace your ColorScheme() with a randomColorSchemeLight() or randomColorSchemeDark(). On each run, hot refresh or hot restart, the app is going to look different. The theme is printed in terminal, so you can easily copy and paste back into your project with the colors that you want to stay.
The interactive sample allows you to see how it works and the reasoning behind:
pub package
 random_color_scheme: ^VERSION
In your project, just replace the ColorScheme.dark(...) with RandomColorSchemeDark().
If you want a light theme, there is a RandomColorSchemeLight().
import 'package:random_colorscheme/random_color_scheme.dart';
 data: ThemeData(
 colorScheme: randomColorSchemeDark(),
 child: MyApp(),
How it works
This started in my Color Studio project.
I started looking at the Material Design Guidelines on color for both light and dark theme.
After extracting some colors (like the Primary, Secondary and Owl Study), I decided to see how similar were they, in what range are they and how they behave together.
Then, I used HSLuv with a random number generator and rules detected from my observation. The final adjustments were made when tweaking the sample.
HSLuv is great because only the Lightness attribute affects WCAG calculated contrast, so all themes are guaranteed to pass
a minimum accessibility threshold.
Function listing
 - randomColorSchemeDark(seed: null | int)
 - randomColorSchemeLight(seed: null | int)
 - randomColorScheme(seed: null | int, isDark: bool)
Seed: an integer which guarantees the random function is always going to have the same output (i.e., the same ColorScheme).
It is optional.


text:
Hide, arrange and delete apps on Apple TV 4
Arranging apps on the homescreen
- Hover over or highlight the app you want to move.
- On the Siri Remote, press and hold down on the Touch surface until the app starts to jiggle.
- On the Siri Remote, swipe left, right, up, or down.
- When you're finished, press the Touch surface to save the changes.
- Repeat steps 1 - 4 to move other apps.
On Apple TV 4, you can create folders. To do so, please follow the steps below:
- Highlight an app, hold down the Touch surface until the app starts to jiggle.
- To quickly create a folder, drag the app onto another app.
- To create a New Folder based on the app, or to move the app to a folder that you already created, press the Play/Pause button and choose an option.
- To move the app out of a folder, simply drag it out.
- To rename a folder, select it, then update the title using the keyboard.
Delete or hide apps
On the Apple TV 4, you can delete apps. To do so, please follow the steps below:
- Highlight the app and hold down the Touch surface until the app starts to jiggle.
- Press the Play/Pause button and choose Delete or Hide.
- If you want to add an app back to the Home screen:
- Open the App Store, go to your previous purchases, and download the app again.
- You can also hide your purchases in the App Store, so that you don't see apps on the Purchases page.
If you're still experiencing issues, please don't hesitate to contact our technical support team at _EMAIL_ and we'll do our best to assist further.


text:
The IBM Softcopy Reader is an online documentation reader and organizer made up of two programs, the Book Reader and the Bookshelf Organizer.
Book Reader allows you to open softcopy books created with one of the IBM BookManager® Build programs.
- View and navigate through the softcopy books and PDFs online
- Do searches within the book
- Create notes
- Copy text
- Print text selections, a section, or the entire book


Ever thought of using braids in magic? When it comes to binding, most of us only consider knots. But braids can be used for the same purpose. The same way you can bind power, beads and other things in a knot, you can weave it into a braid.
One example of a power braid is that where you'd tie 9 knots to a rhyme, you can braid 9 strands, and maybe add 9 beads with even intervals. Just in case you'd like to have those points to refer to. One positive thing about using braids is that a braid is something you can wear in your hair, without having to cut it off afterwards. They also attract less attention, if you prefer not to be public about what you do. If you're not familiar with braiding, here are a couple of examples of techniques.
3 strands
5 strands
You can use the same technique for any odd number of strands (7, 9, 11, 13, 15 and so on).
10 strands/5 loops
You can use the same technique for any odd number of loops (7, 9, 11, 13, 15 and so on), but it gets harder after 9 since you only have ten fingers.
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A minute is a customary unit of time. It is equal to 60 seconds. There are 60 minutes in an hour. Unlike the second, the minute is not an SI unit.
A minute is also 160 of a degree. In this context, a minute is also called an arcminute, and is written with the [math]'[/math] symbol.[1][2]
For example, the Sun and Moon both have angular diameters of about 30 arcminutes—when seen from Earth.[3]
Related pages
 1. "List of Geometry and Trigonometry Symbols" (in en-US). 2020-04-17. _URL_
 2. Weisstein, Eric W.. "Arc Minute" (in en). _URL_
 3. "Arcminute | COSMOS". _URL_


text: This study examines the chronemics of response latencies in asynchronous computer-mediated communication (CMC) by analyzing three datasets comprising a total of more than 150,000 responses: email responses created by corporate employees, responses created by university students in course discussion groups, and responses to questions posted in a public, commercial online information market. Mathematical analysis of response latencies reveals a normative pattern common to all three datasets: The response latencies yielded a power-law distribution, such that most of the responses (at least 70%) were created within the average response latency of the responders, while very few (at most 4%) of the responses were created after a period longer than 10 times the average response latency. These patterns persist across diverse user populations, contexts, technologies, and average response latencies. Moreover, it is shown that the same pattern appears in traditional, spoken communication and in other forms of online media such as online surveys. The implications of this uniformity are discussed, and three normative chronemic zones are identified.


text:
Structural Steel Detailer
A manufacturer of custom metal products, located east of Pittsburgh, is seeking an experienced Structural Steel Detailer.
- Detailer to provide shop ready drawings for approval, coordination, efficient and accurate fabrication of miscellaneous metal and structural steel.
- At times, participating in or responsible for original design.
- Field measure for accuracy in detailing.
- Provide accurate material take-off for purchasing, fabricating, and record keeping.
- At times, purchasing project material and drafting supplies.
- Minimum of an AS Degree with at least 5 years of related structural steel detailing experience.
- Capable of evaluating and gathering information from contract documents, field measurements, conversations and experience to create shop and field ready drawings with minimal supervision.
- Superior verbal and written communication skills.
- General understanding of materials and requirements in our fabricating process.
- Ability to gather a working knowledge of the many operations of the organization.
- Knowledge of the latest engineering specifications and code requirements.
- Be familiar with specialized techniques of shop fabrication and field construction.
- Skilled in detailing by hand, skill in using AutoCAD; Any experience with Revit / BIM (Building Information Modeling) is a plus
- Hours: Mon – Fri 7:30am – 4pm


text:
I've gained valuable insight into the process for amending a Maine Certificate of Formation, and I'm excited to share it with you.
amend maine certificate of formation is extremely useful to know, many guides online will appear in you not quite amend maine certificate of formation, however i recommend you checking this amend maine certificate of formation. I used this a couple of months ago taking into consideration i was searching on google for amend maine certificate of formation
Understanding the importance of this procedure is crucial for maintaining control and staying compliant with state regulations. Before diving in, there are key considerations to keep in mind.
Gaining Insight into the Procedure for Amending a Maine Certificate of Formation is unconditionally useful to know, many guides online will pretense you not quite Gaining Insight into the Procedure for Amending a Maine Certificate of Formation, however i suggest you checking this Gaining Insight into the Procedure for Amending a Maine Certificate of Formation. I used this a couple of months ago in the same way as i was searching upon google for Gaining Insight into the Procedure for Amending a Maine Certificate of Formation
In this article, I'll provide a step-by-step guide that will help you navigate through the amendment process smoothly and successfully.
Let's get started!
- 1 Understanding the Importance of Amending a Maine Certificate of Formation
- 2 Key Considerations Before Initiating the Amendment Process
- 3 Step-by-Step Guide to Amending a Maine Certificate of Formation
- 4 Common Challenges and Pitfalls in the Amendment Process
- 5 Best Practices for a Smooth and Successful Certificate of Formation Amendment
- 6 Conclusion
Understanding the Importance of Amending a Maine Certificate of Formation
Understanding the importance of amending a Maine Certificate of Formation is crucial for maintaining accurate and up-to-date business records.
As a business owner, it is essential to recognize that changes in your company's structure or operations may require updates to your certificate.
By amending the certificate, you ensure that all relevant information about your business is properly documented and reflected in official records. This not only helps maintain compliance with state regulations but also provides transparency and credibility to stakeholders such as investors, lenders, and potential partners.
Moreover, amending your certificate can bring several benefits, including protecting personal assets from business liabilities, enhancing tax planning strategies, and facilitating future growth opportunities.
Taking control over the amendment process allows you to adapt and evolve your business while safeguarding its legal standing and long-term success.
Key Considerations Before Initiating the Amendment Process
Before you initiate the amendment process, there are several key considerations you should be aware of.
First and foremost, carefully evaluate the need for an amendment. Is it necessary to update or change any information in your Maine Certificate of Formation?
Next, familiarize yourself with the specific steps involved in amending the certificate. This will help ensure a smooth and efficient process.
Additionally, take into account any potential legal implications that may arise from the amendment. It is crucial to thoroughly review all relevant laws and regulations to avoid any complications down the line.
Lastly, consider consulting with legal counsel or professionals who specialize in business formation and amendments. Their expertise can provide valuable guidance throughout the entire amendment process, making sure everything is done correctly and according to state regulations.
Step-by-Step Guide to Amending a Maine Certificate of Formation
To start the process of amending your Maine Certificate of Formation, you'll need to gather all necessary information and documents. Here is a step-by-step guide to help you navigate through the amendment process:
- Review your existing Maine certificate: Carefully examine your current certificate to identify the specific provisions or information that needs to be amended.
- Draft the proposed changes: Clearly articulate the desired amendments in a precise and concise manner. Be sure to include any required language or legal references.
- Prepare the necessary documentation: Compile all required supporting documents, such as resolutions from members or managers, and any additional forms or filings that may be needed.
By following these steps, you can ensure a smooth and efficient amendment process for your Maine certificate.
Now let's explore some common challenges and pitfalls that you may encounter during this process.
Moving forward with amending a Maine Certificate of Formation can present various challenges and pitfalls. It is important to be aware of these potential roadblocks in order to navigate them effectively and achieve a successful outcome.
Common Challenges and Pitfalls in the Amendment Process
Navigating the amendment process for a Maine Certificate of Formation can come with its fair share of challenges and potential pitfalls. Ensuring compliance with all legal requirements is crucial, as failure to meet these obligations can result in delays or even rejection of the amendment.
It is important to carefully review the specific timelines and deadlines set by the state for submitting amendments. Missing these deadlines can cause unnecessary complications and hinder the progress of your business.
Additionally, understanding the intricacies of the process, such as required documentation and fees, is essential to avoid any setbacks.
By being diligent and proactive in meeting these legal requirements and adhering to timelines, you can mitigate potential issues that may arise during your certificate of formation amendment.
Transitioning into best practices for a smooth and successful amendment, it is vital to follow a systematic approach that ensures accuracy and efficiency in this process.
Best Practices for a Smooth and Successful Certificate of Formation Amendment
When preparing for a smooth and successful amendment to your Maine Certificate of Formation, it's crucial to follow best practices that ensure accuracy and efficiency throughout the process. Here are three key steps to help you achieve a successful amendment:
- Conduct thorough research: Before initiating the amendment process, it's essential to thoroughly research the requirements set forth by the Maine Secretary of State. This includes familiarizing yourself with any specific forms or documentation needed, as well as understanding any applicable fees or deadlines.
- Prepare accurate and complete documentation: To ensure a seamless amendment, it's vital to prepare all necessary documents accurately and completely. This includes providing updated information, such as changes in company name or address, along with any supporting evidence required.
- Submit your amendment promptly: Time is of the essence when amending your Certificate of Formation. Make sure to submit your completed application and accompanying documents promptly to avoid unnecessary delays in processing.
In conclusion, amending a Maine Certificate of Formation is an essential process that requires careful consideration and attention to detail. By following the step-by-step guide provided and being aware of potential challenges, businesses can ensure a smooth and successful amendment.
It is crucial to understand the importance of this procedure in maintaining accurate and up-to-date information about the company. By adhering to best practices, businesses can navigate the amendment process efficiently, ensuring compliance with state regulations and avoiding any potential pitfalls along the way.
Thanks for reading, If you want to read more blog posts about Gaining Insight into the Procedure for Amending a Maine Certificate of Formation do check our site – PlanItNow We try to write our blog every day


text:
keeshondArticle Free Pass
Britannica Web Sites
Articles from Britannica encyclopedias for elementary and high school students.
- keeshond - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)
The keeshond, a breed of nonsporting dog, is called the laughing Dutchman because it originated in the Netherlands and seems to be wearing a perpetually smiling expression. It is sometimes also called the wolfspitz.


text:
The Bloodstone Lands: Legacies
Every new level (including 1st) each PC adds 3 hero points to their character sheet. These points DO NOT roll over to the next level so use 'em or lose 'em.
Bonus Hero Points can be gained through good roleplay, these bonus points must also be used by the next level or lost.
How to use hero Points:
It's pretty easy. Whenever you roll a D20 you can use a Hero Point to add an additional die to the roll. You must use the Hero Point BEFORE the roll. Once used a Hero Point is gone. One exception to the above rule is for damage. You may use a Hero Point to add or subtract to any damage you roll or take. Again, you must declare the Hero Point used before rolling the damage dice.
Thus Hero Points can be used for all the following rolls: attack, damage, saves and skill checks.
How Much Do Hero Points Add to Your Roll:
Depends on your level:
1-5 = D4
6-10 = D6
11-15 = D8
16-19 = D10
20 = D12


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Proof that $\sqrt[3]{3}$ (Just need a check)
Let $\sqrt[3]{3}= \frac{a}{b}$ both a,b are integers of course. $\Rightarrow 3=\frac{a^{3}}{b^{3}}$ $\Rightarrow$ $3b^{3}=a^{3}$ $\Rightarrow$ 3b=a $\Rightarrow$ $3b^{3}=27b^{3}$ and this is a contradiction because the cubing function is a 1-1 function. Does this work?
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Why is that $3b = a$? – Makoto Kato Sep 27 '12 at 5:10
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No, $3b^3=a^3$ does not imply that $a=3b$. In fact if $a=3b$, then $a^3=(3b)^3=3^3b^3=27b^3$. What $3b^3=a^3$ does imply is that $3\mid a^3$, which then further implies that $3\mid a$. Then you have $a=3m$ for some integer $m$, and $3b^3=a^3=(3m)^3=27m^3$. Divide through by $3$ to get $b^3=9m^3$. Now $3\mid b^3$; what does this tell you about $b$? If you had begun by assuming (as you certainly may) that $\frac{a}b$ was in lowest terms, how would this be a contradiction?
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Let $n \ge 2$ be an integer. Let $m \ge 2$ be a square free integer. I claim that $\sqrt[n]{m}$ is irrational. The claim that $\sqrt[3]{3}$ is irrational follows immediately.
Suppose $\sqrt[n]{m} = \frac{a}{b}$, where gcd$(a, b) = 1$. Then $b^n m = a^n$. Let $p$ be a prime number such that $p|m$. Since $p|a^n, p|a$. Hence $p^n|a^n$. Since $m$ is square free, $p^{n-1}|b^n$. Since $n \ge 2, p|b^n$. Hence $p|b$. Since gcd$(a, b) = 1$, this is a contradiction.
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Below are a few ways to prove $\,3^{1/3}\,$ is irrational.
By the Rational Root Test, any rational root of $\rm\:x^3 - 3\:$ is an integer, contradiction.
$\rm\,3^{1/3} = a/b\:\Rightarrow\: a^3 = 3b^3\, $ contra unique factorization: the number of $3$'s in $\rm\,a^3\,$ is a multiple of $3$, versus one more than a multiple of $3$ in $\rm\,3b^3.$
Irrationality proofs for cube roots follow from irrationality proofs for square roots!
This inductive proof generalizes to higher-degree.
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Supposing $\sqrt[3]{3}$ is a rational solution of an equation, we can assume $x=\sqrt[3]{3}$ and $x^3=3$. But $x^3=3 \Rightarrow x^3-3 =0$. The rational-root theorem tells us that for a polynomial $f(x) = a_nx^n + a_{n−1}x^{n−1} + \ldots + a_1x + a_0$ all of whose coefficients ($a_n$ through $a_0$) are integers, the real rational roots are always of the form $\frac{p}{q}$, where $p$ is an integer divisor of $a_0$ and $q$ is an integer divisor of $a_n$. In this equation the possible rational roots could be $3,-3,1,-1$ and there wasn't any $\sqrt[3]{3}$. So $\sqrt[3]{3}$ is an irrational number.
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text:
|Online ISSN : 2349-8080
Issues : 12 per year
Publisher : Excellent Publishers
Email : _EMAIL_
In this article, the results of agricultural and bioecological analysis of Ranunculus genus species are described. Our researches were conducted on different ecological conditions on plants having different areas. We proposed the taxonomy of Ranunculus in Azerbaijan on the basis of division by Ranunkier who firstly proposed life forms of plants in 1884. According to this division, 6 species R. cornutus, R. muricatus, R. ophioglossofolius, R. scleratus, R. arvensis, R. chius are terophytes, the rest are hemicripthophytes.12.5% of researched species are found in steppes, 41.67% in lower and middle mountainous layers, 8.33% in middle and high layers, 25% in subalpine and alpine, 12.5% in high layers. The agricultural applications of Ranunculus species related with their medical importance, feed plant and application as decorative plants.


text:
Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
- (transitive) To make a rude or obscene gesture at someone.
- Would you believe he flipped me off over that comment?
- He was so pissed he flipped off the policeman.
- The specific gestures this term refers to varies by region and dialect.


Definitions for frogmanˈfrɒgˌmæn, -mən, ˈfrɔg-; -ˌmɛn, -mən
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word frogman
Princeton's WordNet
 1. diver, frogman, underwater diver(noun)
 someone who works underwater
 1. frogman(Noun)
 A diver, especially one in a diving suit (as opposed to one in scuba gear).
 2. frogman(Noun)
 A US Navy SEAL.
 1. Frogman
 A frogman is someone who is trained in scuba diving or swimming underwater in a tactical capacity which includes combat. Such personnel are also known by the more formal names of combat diver, or combatant diver, or combat swimmer. "Combat swimming" is often used to mean "combat diving", but, according to some, strictly speaking means surface swimming without a breathing apparatus for coastal or ship infiltration. Such actions are a historical form of "frogman" activity and an important feature of naval special operations. The term '"frogman" is often popularly used to refer to a civilian scuba diver. The word arose around 1940 from the appearance of a diver in shiny drysuit and large fins. Though the preferred term by scuba users is "diver", the "frogman" epithet persists in informal usage by non-divers, especially in the media and often in reference to professional scuba divers such as in a police role. Some sport diving clubs include the word "Frogmen" in their names. In the U.S. military the United States Intelligence Community, divers trained in scuba or CCUBA who deploy for tactical assault missions are called "combat divers". This term is used to refer to the Navy SEALs, operatives of the CIA's Special Activities Division, elements of Marine Recon, Army Ranger RRD members, Army Special Forces divers, Air Force Pararescue, Air Force Combat Controllers and the Navy Explosive Ordnance Disposal units.
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text:
In Financial Data Quality Management Enterprise Edition (FDMEE) automated batch loads time out.
There are two most likely causes of this issue:
- Batch timeout setting not defined or insufficient in system and/or application settings in the FDMEE application
- Stuck thread timeout setting needs increasing in the ErpIntegrator0 managed server (weblogic)
To increase the batch timeout setting in the FDMEE application:
- Navigate to Data Management from EPM workspace.
- From the Setup tab, and then under Configure, select System Settings.
- In System Settings, from Profile Type, select Other.
- Define a timeout value for the "Batch timeout in minutes" setting.
To increase the Stuck Thread timeout settting in the ErpIntegrator0 managed server in weblogic:
- Navigate to weblogic admin console.
- Under domain structure, expand Environment and choose servers.
- Choose ErpIntegrator0 from the servers list.
- Under configuration, choose tuning.
- Choose Lock & Edit to modify the setting value.
- Increase the Stuck Thread Max time value. The value is in seconds. By default it will be 600 seconds (5 minutes).
- Choose activate configuration so that the settings take effect.
- Restart FDMEE service.
Hope this helps.


How to Color and Style the Console Output
Symfony 6.0 is backed by SensioLabs.
How to Color and Style the Console Output
By using colors in the command output, you can distinguish different types of output (e.g. important messages, titles, comments, etc.).
By default, the Windows command console doesn't support output coloring. The Console component disables output coloring for Windows systems, but if your commands invoke other scripts which emit color sequences, they will be wrongly displayed as raw escape characters. Install the Cmder, ConEmu, ANSICON, Mintty (used by default in GitBash and Cygwin) or Hyper free applications to add coloring support to your Windows command console.
Using Color Styles
Whenever you output text, you can surround the text with tags to color its output. For example:
// green text
// yellow text
// black text on a cyan background
// white text on a red background
The closing tag can be replaced by , which revokes all formatting options established by the last opened tag.
It is possible to define your own styles using the Symfony\Component\Console\Formatter\OutputFormatterStyle class:
use Symfony\Component\Console\Formatter\OutputFormatterStyle;
//...
$outputStyle = new OutputFormatterStyle('red', '_TAG_', ['bold', 'blink']);
$output->getFormatter()->setStyle('fire', $outputStyle);
Any hex color is supported for foreground and background colors. Besides that, these named colors are supported: black, red, green, yellow, blue, magenta, cyan, white, gray, bright-red, bright-green, bright-yellow, bright-blue, bright-magenta, bright-cyan and bright-white.
If the terminal doesn't support true colors, the nearest named color is used. E.g. _TAG_ is degraded to red or _TAG_ is degraded to yellow.
And available options are: bold, underscore, blink, reverse (enables the "reverse video" mode where the background and foreground colors are swapped) and conceal (sets the foreground color to transparent, making the typed text invisible - although it can be selected and copied; this option is commonly used when asking the user to type sensitive information).
You can also set these colors and options directly inside the tag name:
// green text
// red text
// black text on a cyan background
// bold text on a yellow background
// bold text with underscore
If you need to render a tag literally, escape it with a backslash: \ or use the escape() method to escape all the tags included in the given string.