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Hartshorne at the end of page 76 of his Algebraic Geometry book gives an example of a scheme which is not an affine scheme. The scheme is constructed by gluing two affine lines together along their maximal ideals obtained by removing a point P. There's also a figure accompanying the example:
Can someone please explain how to show that this is not an affine scheme?
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Is that only because it's not Hausdorff? – Keivan Monfared Feb 3 '12 at 21:41
Many affine schemes are not Hausdorff. – Qiaochu Yuan Feb 3 '12 at 21:44
One way to do this is to observe that an affine scheme is separated, but this scheme is not separated. – James Cranch Feb 3 '12 at 21:45
I think "Hausdorff" here means "separated". – Laurent Moret-Bailly Feb 4 '12 at 9:30
2 Answers 2
up vote 18 down vote accepted
Call $X $ your scheme over the field $k$, $P_1$ and $P_2$ the two special closed points, $A_1$and $A_2$ their respective open complements and $A_{12}=A_1\cap A_2$, so that $A_i\simeq \mathbb A^1_k$ and $A_{12}\simeq\mathbb G_m$, all affine schemes.
Here are some (not independent) proofs that $X$ is not affine.
Proof 1
The point $(P_1,P_2)\in X \times X $ is in the closure of the diagonal $\Delta_X\subset X \times X $, but $(P_1,P_2)\notin \Delta_X$. So $\Delta_X$ is not closed, hence $X$ is not separated and a fortiori not affine
Proof 2
The images of the restriction map $\Gamma(A_i,\mathcal O_X)=k[T] \to \Gamma(A_{12},\mathcal O_X)=k[T,T^{-1}]$ are both
$k[T]$, and together do not generate $ k[T,T^{-1}]$. However, in an affine scheme (or more generally in a separated scheme) the ring of regular sections on the intersection of two open affines is generated by the images of the regular sections on the two opens.
Proof 3
The two open immersions $\iota_j:\mathbb A^1_k \to X$ with respective image $A_j\subset X$ coincide on the open subscheme $\mathbb G_m\subset \mathbb A^1_k$ but are nevertheless distinct. This couldn't happen if $X$ were affine (or just separated).
Proof 4
The cohomology vector space $H^1(X,\mathcal O_X)$ is infinite dimensional, whereas the cohomology of a coherent sheaf on an affine scheme vanishes in positive degree.
In detail, consider the covering $\mathcal U=\lbrace A_1,A_2\rbrace$ of $X$. It is a Leray covering because $A_1,A_2,A_{12}$ are affine hence acyclic, for the coherent sheaf $\mathcal O_X$ (cf. Proof 2). Thus Čech cohomology computes genuine cohomology.
The Čech complex is the linear map $$C^0=\Gamma(A_1,\mathcal O_X)\times \Gamma(A_2,\mathcal O_X)=k[T]\times k[T]\stackrel {d^0}{\to} C^1=\Gamma(A_{12},\mathcal O^*_X)=k[T,T^{-1}]\to 0$$ given by $$d^0(P(T),Q(T)) =Q(T)-P(T) $$.
Hence we get $H^1(X,\mathcal O_X)=k[T,T^{-1}]/k[T]$
Proof 5
The Čech complex above proves that $\Gamma(X,\mathcal O_X)=k[T]$ so that the restriction to the strictly smaller open affine subscheme $A_1\subsetneq X$ is bijective: $res: \Gamma(X,\mathcal O_X)\stackrel {\simeq}{\to} \Gamma(A_1,\mathcal O_X)$.
This cannot happen for an affine scheme $X$.
[In categorical language: $\Gamma$ is an anti-equivalence from the category of affine schemes to that of rings]
Proof 6
Every global function $P(T)\in \Gamma(X,\mathcal O_X)=k[T]$ (see Proof 5) takes the exact same value at $P_1$ and $P_2$, namely $P(0)\in \kappa(P_1)=\kappa (P_2)=k$.
In contrast given two closed points in an affine scheme, there exists a global regular function vanishing at the first one but not at the second.
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My friend Otto Forster once told me that he had seen in an old German book on group theory the sentence "Um den Satz zu erhärten, geben wir einen zweiten Beweis", which translates as: "To harden the theorem, we give a second proof". Logicians tell me that they are not convinced of the hardening. Pity, that – Georges Elencwajg Feb 4 '12 at 13:19
I'm impressed. Very nice answer. – Leo Alonso May 22 '12 at 17:33
Thanks for the kind words, _USER_. – Georges Elencwajg May 24 '12 at 6:18
Compute the ring $R$ of globally defined regular functions. If the scheme were affine, then there would be a bijective correspondence between closed points of the scheme and maximal ideals of $R$, given by taking a closed point to the ideal of functions that vanish at that point. But the two points represented by the colon in your diagram give the same ideal of $R$, so this "correspondence" is not injective. Therefore, the scheme is not affine.
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Wat Chedi Luang (Wat Chotikaram)
Wat Chedi Luang houses the largest chedi in Chiang Mai. The temple is located right in the middle of the city and was built in the reign of King Saen Mueang Mak, the seventh king of Mengrai Dynasty. The 98-metre tall and 54-metre wide chedi was built in the reign of King Tilokkarat. The construction was completed in 1481. In 1545 the chedi was collapsed due to an earthquake during the reign of King Jiraprapa. The chapel in the front was built by Chao Khun Uba Lee Poramacharn (Sirichantathera) and Chao Kaeo Navarat in 1928. The magnificent methodological serpents ramble from the entrance of the chapel to its door on both sides.

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Background Bumble is a self-declared "feminist" dating app that gives women control over initiating conversations with potential matches. Analysis Through a material-semiotic analysis of Bumble's software and online media about the app, this article critically investigates how gender, sex, and sexuality are produced and given meaning by Bumble's programmed infrastructure.
Conclusions and implications Since the epistemological underpinnings of Bumble's design centre gender as the solitary axis of oppression, the authors argue that the app's infrastructure generates an ontological relationship between gender, sex, and sexuality that narrows the capacity to achieve its creators' stated social justice objectives. Several infrastructural failures are detailed to demonstrate how control and safety are 1) optimized for straight cisgender women, and 2) contingent on the inscription of an aggressive form of masculinity onto straight male bodies.
Computer science, Electronic culture (internet-based), Feminism/ gender, Sociotechnical, Technology
Canadian Journal of Communication
Communication & Media Studies
Bivens, R, & Hoque, A.S. (Anna Shah). (2018). Programming sex, gender, and sexuality: Infrastructural failures in the "feminist" dating app Bumble. Canadian Journal of Communication, 43(3), 441–459. doi:10.22230/cjc.2019v44n3a3375


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Definition of infimum in English:
The largest quantity that is less than or equal to each of a given set or subset of quantities. The opposite of supremum.
- Paman's explanation looks like our present definition of infimum and supremum, but whereas our infimum and supremum given a set (of real numbers) gives a real number, the Maximinus and Minimajus of a quantity is a quantity of the same kind.
- To ensure nondecreasing lower bounds, the hyper-rectangle to be bisected is chosen by selecting the region which contains the infimum of the minima of lower bounds.
- The infimum may or may not be a member of the subset.
1940s: from Latin, literally 'lowest part', neuter (used as a noun) of infimus 'lowest'.
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USC Office of Classroom Scheduling
Responsiblities and Functions:
- Assigns 218 university general use classrooms (auditoria, lecture classrooms,
seminar rooms) for the majority of classes held on the University Park
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The Mission of St. Alegis
The Mission of St. Alegis is to work with nation and local officials, New Testament 'Thought Leaders' and any and all humanitarian groups to build sustainable living cycles for the people that live in and reside within: The Bahamas, The Caribbean Region and the Eastern African Nations.
St. Alegis presses into its efforts via the following Work Flow Diagraph:
- Works with Thought and Community and Church Leaders
- Develops Relationship with Local Pastors in Each Setting
- Emphasis is for the Local Pastor to Become the Local and Regional "Hero"
- Develop Teaching and Instructional Curricula
- Purchase Products and Goods and Send to Local Pastors
- Local Pastors Distribute these Products and Goods as "Seed" Entrepreneurial Projects
- Locals 'sell' the Products and Goods and Build Sustainable Income Sources
- Key Initial Product: Water Filtration and Water Purification Containers and Systems
Hand-in-Hand and Eco-System of Sustainable Compassion and Strength:
St. Alegis is a connector of caring individuals, organizations and congregations from the 'First World' Nations linked directly and inseparably to The 'Poorest of The Poor'. The stated intention of St. Alegis is to eliminate poverty and the plight of unsafe drinking water through empowering local pastors and their existing congregations.


text: Application of using rare earth salts with acid dyes for dyeing wool fabrics have been investigated. The rare earth salts used include neodymium chloride, samarium oxide and gadolinium oxide; and acid dyes used are C.I. Acid Red 114, C.I. Acid Yellow 42 and C.I. Acid Blue 113. The results of these experiments exhibit that the addition of rare earth salts does lower the dyeing temperature of wool slightly, and the addition of neodymium chloride achieved the better result. The result of mixing different rare earth salts is not very distinct, although the mixture of neodymium chloride and gadolinium oxide in the ratio 8:2 has the best effect. Moreover, the addition of rare earth salts has no great impact on the tenacity of dyed fabrics. Among the color range of dyed fabrics, Red 114 has better color strength. Furthermore, the washing fastness of fabrics can be up to grade 4-5 in general, while its dry rubbing fastness can be up to grade 4-5 and its wet rubbing fastness can be up to grade 3-4.


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Definitions of done
The word done uses 4 letters:deno.
DONE is playable in:
p. p. - of Do 2
- p. p. from Do, and formerly the infinitive. 2
infinitive. - Performed; executed; finished. 2
infinitive. - It is done or agreed; let it be a match or bargain; -- used elliptically. 2
a. - Given; executed; issued; made public; -- used chiefly in the clause giving the date of a proclamation or public act. 2
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How do you pronounce the surname Hough?
Pronunciation: Hock. Hough is derived from the medieval Irish (Munster) name (Eachach) for horseman. Old irish for "horse" was spelled "each", and was pronounced "ock".
What Hough means?
Definition of hough (Entry 2 of 2) now chiefly Scottish. : hamstring thou shalt hough their horses, and burn their chariots — Joshua 11:6 (Authorized Version)
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Pronunciation:KeyAIR- ah Chiar- a
Type of Name:First Name


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Conquest, acquisition of land, honor and, most of all, power.
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Microsoft Word/Word 2010 Banded Table w/ Simple Watermark
Hello and thank you for fielding my question. I am making a songbook with a watermark on each page. It seemed simple enough. The songbook consists of a three column table in word. Each page has a heading, Song Title-Artist-NUM. As you can guess, it's a karaoke songbook for our basement setup. The kids love it. We do, too. Anyway, we want a watermark hovering over the table, but a banded table always steps on the watermark. The banded rows won't allow the watermark to "come to front" or whatever it's called. I was successful by putting the desired watermark design, let's call it ENNUI--on top of the textual banded table. I will attach examples for you.
What I wish to do is make the entire document--which will be around 340 pages--with the same graphic on every page, essentially a watermark--just as in example 3. Is this possible? I'm trying to figure out how to do this without having to make and format the table, then go to each page, paste and format the photo. I've tried making a.dotx, and other stuff, but nothing quite works. Can you help me?
Very best regards,
It's a known problem that watermarks and tables don't play well together. In this instance, I don't think there is any alternative to what you're doing. A watermark is just a washed-out graphic anchored to the header and formatted as Behind Text. The only way to get any content to repeat on every page is to put it in (or anchored to) the header or footer, but, even if you format the watermark as In Front of Text, it won't be in front of the text in the document body. You'll have to decide whether having the watermark is important enough to you to justify the effort of putting it on every page. Consider also that this will hugely increase the file size.
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Lift-off of methane jet flames in O2/CO2 atmospheres
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text: Independence diagrams are a graphical way of expressing the conditional independence relationships among a set of random variables. They cannot encode every possible form of conditional independence but they go a long way toward this end. They are also called ''Bayesian networks,'' which unfortunately suggests inappropriate comparisons to neural networks. This paper discusses how to read and write independence diagrams. The presentation is based on Pearl (1988).

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Rapid Voltage Change (RVC)
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Paper cutouts are incredibly delicate. The slightest misstroke can cause them to crumple, rip and tear. If you've ever tried making a paper snowflake, you know how easy it is to accidentally bend or crease the paper. However, a scalpel is a precision tool used in surgeries (among other things) to slice through delicate tissue, so it also makes a great tool to make paper cutouts.
Here, you'll find some insanely intricate paper cutouts that were created using a scalpel. The artworks have immense detail and precision, so check these out!


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When a loud motorcycle woke up Mark Nesdoly's young daughter, he decided he had enough. Instead of taking a baseball bat to the offending Harley, Nesdoly used his engineering skills to design the Noise Snare, a video detection system for loud vehicles.
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All you need to do is mount the unit on a stationary object and the Noise Snare does the rest. It even connects to a wireless network and sends text messages or emails when a violation is recorded. The detection system works so well that the Canadian city of Calgary may field test the device in the upcoming months. [Gizmag]


Sunday, June 4, 2017
Bridges of Canada; Northumberland Strait (Confederation) Bridge
Northumberland Strait Bridge
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But what made me think of the Northumberland Strait Bridge in relation to the Kerch Strait Bridge is that they both must resist ice floes during the winter. In fact, the Northumberland Strait Bridge was specially designed to break up the ice floes while resisting their force. In the photo below we can see the ice being broken up as it moves past the bridge pier.
In the next photo we can see the bell-shaped ice shield with steel plates to protect it from the ice floes. The shape of the shield forces the ice to move upward so that it breaks into pieces and flows around the pier. In this photo a research team is visiting the pier to measure the thickness of the ice.
Most of the photos, drawings, and information for this article came from the well-written 'Bridging the Strait' by Copthorne MacDonald. We can see in his drawing (shown below) that the ice shield is built at the water's surface (while the bottom of the pier may be 100 ft below).
The superstructure is composed of match-cast single box girder segments and drop-in spans. The bridge was designed by Jean Muller International and checked by Buckland and Taylor. A navigational span was built to allow ships to pass under the bridge. The bridge was completed in 1996 and has resisted the ice floes for over 20 years. Hopefully, the Kerch Strait Bridge will have a similar record of accomplishment.
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Your gateway to Canada
Immigration Newsweek
Immigration Newsweek
By Atty. Henry Moyal, Immigration Lawyer
Q. What is the rule or procedure when it comes to DNA results to prove parentage in relation to Canada Immigration application?
A. This issue came up recently and its conclusion will no doubt surprise people. We have all read stories or watched movies or TV programs where forensic scientists prove that a person or suspect is or is not the perpetrator. How high must the results be in those situations? When it comes to immigration applications, the goal for an applicant is to add their child to the application. In most cases it is in the context of a sponsorship application.
As such, the visa office abroad will often suspect that the parent is not the father/mother and demand a DNA test be conducted. The reasons for such suspicions can vary and include: high age of alleged mother, lack of birth certificate or suspicion that the relationship is non-genuine.
The standard procedure is that the sponsor must contact an approved DNA office recommended by Canada Immigration in accordance with the Standards Council of Canada which will take DNA samples from the sponsor/parents and child.
It is not recommended that such a test be conducted until Canada Immigration provided direct instructions to do so.
The results are then provided by the DNA center of the probability of parentage.
Surprisingly, Canada Immigration demand that there be a 99.8% probability of parentage. Anything lower will result in a refusal.
In a recent case however, a sponsor was required to provide DNA results for their alleged 12 year son. Before DNA tests were conducted the following items were submitted: birth certificate, school documents, photos showing each looking the same, financial documents and school records for 12 years indicating the father's name as the parent.
Two DNA tests were conducted and each yielded results of only 96% on each occasion.
As such, the missing 3% was somehow conclusive evidence the sponsor was not necessarily the father.
According to the Canadian Embassy's letter and policy issued August 27, 2017 "Parentage test results must have an accuracy of 99.8% or higher. Test results below these levels are not acceptable as proof of relationship."
Further, discussions with DNA analysts submit that a few percentage points below 99% can mean that the child is a relative of the sponsor ( ie. Brother) but does not necessarily mean that the sponsor is the father.
The DNA markers must be so high in order to reach an almost perfect probability. Anything less only proves that there is a strong likelihood that the applicants are patrilineally related as opposed to being two patrilineally unrelated individuals.
Send questions to Attorney Moyal by email or call _PHONE_


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SceneView.performanceInfo.layerPerformanceInfos contains information about memory consumption for each of the layers in the scene. displayedNumberOfFeatures gives information about how many features are currently displayed in the view. The property maximumNumberOfFeatures shows how many features could be displayed in the SceneView. The maximumNumberOfFeatures property available on FeatureLayer, CSVLayer, GeoJSONLayer and point SceneLayer can be used to override the default value and display more features even if there isn't enough memory. High values could however lead to the browser running out of memory.


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3 types of buzzing
Posted on July 27, 2004 by
Why lip buzz or mpc buzz or leadpipe buzz. What is the difference. Besides I heard that a study showed we don't have to buzz.
Many great teachers advocated lip and or mouthpiece buzzing (to certain students).
They are used as exercises and to teach a certain concept. After the idea is understood the buzzing is stopped.
Leadpipe buzzing has more to do with AIR-flow while lip buzzing deals with Strength, range and a close embouchure setting. Mouthpiece buzzing is normally to work on a dynamic embouchure rather than static one. So that your embouchure can always adjust and shift registers as you play.
Strength exercises are short lived so as NOT to impede lip flexibility. AIR exercises are forever.
FWIW we've known since the early 60's that there is a standing wave setup in the tubing of the trumpet. I first read Schilke's report in 73 or 74. The fact that a buzz is not required does not mean that the skill learned doing it is not important.
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Agriculture and Commerce
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The risk that arises when operating in a foreign jurisdiction. In recent times, jurisdiction risk has focused on banks and financial institutions who are exposed to the risk that some of the countries where they operate may be high-risk areas for money laundering and terrorism financing.
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Jurisdiction risk is generally believed to be higher in countries that have either been designated as non-cooperative by the Financial Action Task Force, or have been identified by the U.S. Treasury as requiring special measures due to concerns about money laundering or corruption. Because of the punitive fines and penalties that can be levied against a financial institution that is involved (even inadvertently) in money laundering or financing terrorism, most organizations have specific processes to assess and mitigate jurisdiction risk.
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From Ohio History Central
United Romanian Societies Carpatina of Cleveland
The Carpatina Society is the first Romanian mutual-benefit society in Cleveland, Ohio. It also is the first such society in the United States of America.
Forty-one Romanian Ohioans established the Carpatina Society on November 1, 1902. The society's original purpose was to provide Romanian immigrants with a social and cultural institution to practice traditional Romanian customs and beliefs. The Carpatina Society also provided members with financial assistance if they became ill or helped with funeral costs if a family member died. In 1917, the Carpatina Society built its own meeting hall. The structure was known as Carpatina Hall. Cleveland's Carpatina Society continues to enhance Ohio's cultural landscape at the start of the twenty-first century.
- Van Tassel, David D., and John J. Grabowski, eds. The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1996.


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Commercial diving is a profession that involves inspecting and repairing structures underwater. One of the most important tasks for commercial divers is bridge inspection. Bridge inspection requires specific equipment and methods to ensure that the inspection is done thoroughly and accurately. In this blog post, we will explore the methods and equipment used for bridge inspection in commercial diving and how to create professional reports.
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The first step in bridge inspection is to determine the inspection method to be used. There are several inspection methods, including visual inspection, sounding, and non-destructive testing. Visual inspection involves examining the surface of the bridge for any signs of damage or corrosion. Sounding involves tapping on the bridge with a hammer to detect any hollow or weak spots. Non-destructive testing involves using specialized equipment to detect any internal damage or corrosion without damaging the bridge.
- Equipment for bridge inspection:
Commercial divers use specialized equipment for bridge inspection, including cameras, lights, and sonar. Cameras are used to take high-quality images of the bridge's surface, while lights provide illumination for the camera. Sonar is used to detect any potential issues or damage in the underwater portion of the bridge.
- Professional reporting:
Once the inspection is complete, it is important to create a professional report to document the findings. The report should include a detailed description of the inspection methods used, the equipment used, and the results of the inspection. The report should also include any recommendations for repairs or maintenance that need to be made.
- Safety in bridge inspection:
Safety is of the utmost importance in bridge inspection. Commercial divers should always use proper safety equipment, such as helmets, gloves, and diving suits. They should also be properly trained in the use of the equipment and methods used for bridge inspection.
- Importance of bridge inspection:
Bridge inspection is an essential part of ensuring the safety of the public. It helps to identify any potential issues or damage to the bridge before it becomes a safety hazard. Regular bridge inspections can help to prevent accidents and ensure that the bridge remains safe for use.
In conclusion, bridge inspection is a crucial task for commercial divers. It requires specialized equipment and methods to ensure that the inspection is done thoroughly and accurately. It is also important to create a professional report to document the findings and make any necessary recommendations for repairs or maintenance. Safety is of the utmost importance in bridge inspection, and it is essential to ensure that commercial divers are properly trained and equipped to do their job safely. Bridge inspection plays a vital role in ensuring the safety of the public and should not be taken lightly.
- "Bridge Inspection: Types and Methods" by Civil Engineering Portal
- "Bridge Inspection Equipment and Tools" by Maxpro Technologies
- "Bridge Inspection: Safety Tips and Guidelines" by WorkSafeBC
Why did the commercial diver inspect the bridge? To make sure it was "a-bridgeable" for everyone! Okay, maybe that wasn't the best joke, but it does highlight the importance of bridge inspection in ensuring the safety of the public. So, let's give a round of applause for the hardworking commercial divers who inspect our bridges to keep us all safe!


Skip to definition.
Adjective: echoing e-kow-ing
 1. (of sounds) repeating by reflection
 "a hotel with echoing halls";
 - reechoing
Verb: echo e-kow
 1. To say again or imitate
 "followers echoing the cries of their leaders";
 - repeat
 2. Fill for a short time with sound and echoes
 "the hall echoed with laughter";
 - resound, ring, reverberate
 3. Call to mind
 "His words echoed John F. Kennedy";
 - recall
See also: reverberant
Type of: emit, go, let loose, let out, resemble, sound, utter
Encyclopedia: Echoing
Echo, Ontario


text:
An exploratory study of Nantou Ancient Village revitalisation focusing on visual, cognitive and structural aspects
MetadataShow full item record
In the absence of spatial diversity, there is a need for additional elements that will enable the recognition of the space in which we are. These elements are landmarks. In order for a certain thing to be considered a landmark, it must be unique and recognisable either by its properties (size, shape, colour, materialisation, etc.) or by the location where it is located in space. Landmarks and zones with a strong character provide a strong identification of the space with its peculiarity. This paper analyses the identity of the urban settlement of Nantou Old Town as a historical cluster located in the attractive location in the Nanshan District of Shenzhen City, with over 800 residential and commercial units. The study was conducted experimentally on a number of respondents who are regular or occasional consumers in Nantou settlement, through a closed questionnaire, from which we got answers to the initial questions: how successful is the revitalisation of this cultural-historical settlement, what are the landmarks, how simple is orientation through the settlement and what method is most common in wayfinding (landmark or navigation app), does a consumer's choice in wayfinding device and landmark physical characteristics (colour, texture and form) depend on personal dimensions (gender, age, educational level and familiarity with environment).


Preheat in Welding: What Is It and When Should You Use It?
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Welding preheat is important in many applications. Learn about the benefits and drawbacks of four common welding preheat methods.
Side-by-side image showing infrared heat using induction and induction setup with air-cooled cables
Preheating in welding is used to help ensure weld quality and reduce the occurrence of cracking and other problems that can result in costly rework. Welding preheat is commonly used before welding steel or steel alloy pipes or plates that are 1 inch thick or more. Preheating is often required in shop and field welding for oil and gas, transmission pipelines, power plants, structural construction, mining, shipbuilding and heavy equipment applications.
The process of preheating involves heating the area around the weld joint or the entire part to a specified temperature before welding. This reduces the cooling rate of the weld and drives out moisture, which in turn helps prevent hydrogen buildup and the potential for cracking.
Several methods can be used for welding preheat, including induction, open flame, resistance heating and convection ovens. Each one has benefits and drawbacks depending on the application. The best preheating method for a specific application often depends on the material thickness, the size of the weldment, the project timeline and budget, and available personnel and expertise.
When to use welding preheat
Determining if a welding application requires preheat depends on several factors, including the type and thickness of the base material. It's typically dictated by the welding code being used. To meet the requirements of the code, the welding procedure specification (WPS) for the job will outline the minimum and maximum preheat temperatures as well as the necessary duration of preheating. Often, a part must be held within a specific temperature range for a certain amount of time — such as between 250 degrees and 400 degrees Fahrenheit for 30 minutes — before welding can start.
Welders typically must monitor the base metal's temperature between weld passes to ensure the material remains within the required range. Common temperature verification tools include crayons, thermocouples, infrared thermometers and thermal imaging cameras.
Methods of preheating
In welding preheat, the heat can be applied directly around the area of the weld joint, or the entire part can be heated. There are four common welding preheat methods:
 - How it works: Induction creates a magnetic field that generates eddy currents within the base metal, heating it internally from within. Induction accessories, such as cables or blankets, are placed on the part to generate the magnetic field.
 - Pros: Induction offers quick setup, often in less than five minutes, and a fast time to temperature. Induction produces a uniform heated area — making it easy to achieve and stay within even a strict temperature window. The process is also extremely efficient and does not require personnel to watch it. Induction provides safety benefits, since the output coils don't get hot or create an uncomfortably hot environment for welders. The process also provides the flexibility to heat many different sizes and shapes of parts, and delivers localized heating where the part is.
 - Cons: Induction can have a higher initial cost and requires some operator training to ensure proper wrapping techniques.
Open flame
 - How it works: Operators use a fuel gas and compressed air torch (sometimes called rosebuds) to apply flame directly to the metal part.
 - Pros: If welding operations already have a torch, additional equipment doesn't need to be purchased for preheating. Flame preheating also requires little operator training.
 - Cons: Drawbacks of flame preheating include inconsistent temperature uniformity, a slower time to temperature since the process is inefficient, and comfort and safety issues for operators working near the soot, smoke and gases produced while using open flame. Flame preheating also involves the extra expense of the gas storage and distribution to the welding cells and requires personnel to be on fire watch during the process. Flame can cost $40 to $60 in consumable fuel per hour.
Resistance heating
 - How it works: Resistance heating uses electrically heated ceramic pads placed on the base metal. The heated tiles transfer heat to the part through radiant heat and conductive heat where the pads are in contact with the part.
 - Pros: Preheating with resistance can deliver temperature consistency if the system is working accurately and no pads are broken. It's also a method that can be used for larger projects and parts.
 - Cons: The cost of using resistance can be higher, especially since the method is often contracted out to a third party who controls the schedule and timeline. It can also be time-consuming — sometimes taking an hour or more to arrange and secure the heating pads to the part — and the required cool-down time adds to the time for setup and removal. Resistance heating elements also need insulation to help retain heat. The insulation and ceramic heating pads are costly consumables that need to be replaced occasionally, and the work environment can be an issue for these fragile components. Broken pads can cause hot and cold spots in the part. In addition, resistance heating elements get extremely hot and can pose a safety hazard for operators as well as affect operator comfort by adding to the ambient temperature. With resistance heating, electricians and a costly electrical drop are also necessary. During the heating cycle, the power source becomes a "spark generator" and require continued maintenance supervision from the mechanical contactors.
 - How it works: Ovens used for welding preheat use convection heating. The entire part is placed inside the oven for preheating.
 - Pros: Uniform heating is possible since the entire part is inside the oven. It's also a good option when an entire large part must be heated, or when the operation needs to do batch heating of many parts at once.
 - Cons: Ovens can be quite large and require connection to an electrical outlet, so they are often permanently installed in one location and don't offer mobility. As a result, parts must be brought to the oven for preheating, which can be difficult when very large parts are involved. These systems also typically require a substantial electrical connection and system, which adds expense. Also, the oven may have to be preheated for several hours before it's used, and it can put out enough heat to warm up the area around the oven, negatively affecting worker comfort. Outsourcing oven preheating causes a loss of control over the schedule and timeline.
Options for welding preheat
Many welding applications — especially critical welds in industries such as structural construction, oil and gas and shipbuilding — require preheat. Minimizing the temperature difference between the arc and the base material slows the weld cooling rate and lowers hydrogen, two factors that help reduce the risk of cracking and the potential for a failed weld.
Numerous welding preheat methods are available. Understanding the differences can help you choose the method that best helps optimize efficiency, reduce costs and rework, and produce high-quality welds in your application.
You can avoid the welding problems that threaten construction schedules and drive up costs.
Published: May 28, 2020


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How to run downhill (safely...and fast)
running downhill
Running downhill should feel relaxed and flowing (Image credit: Getty Images)
We have all seen the top runners seemingly plummet effortlessly from the top of a mountain or hill to the base in no time at all. But how do they achieve such speed and look so relaxed?
When most people try to run downhill it feel slows, laborious, painful, and fraught with danger of tripping or slipping. But if you take part in races with hills and mountains, or you simply want to become more efficient when out for a long off-road run, learning to run fast downhill will be a big benefit.
The easier you can run downhill, the less taxing you will find the overall outing. Here are our expert tips to help you to be able to run more efficiently and smoothly downhill.
How to run faster downhill
Running downhill is good for you
It might feel like downhill running is painful and bad for your knees (see: Trail running injuries), but if you do it properly it can have benefits. Running down a slope should activate and engage stabilising muscles in and around the knee, which in turn will help to strengthen them. Stronger knees means more powerful running.
As well as physical advantages, there is a huge sense of freedom and joy that comes with being able to run more easily downhill and at speed.
Lean forwards
Your natural instinct when running downhill is to lean back because you usually feel the need to slow down and put on a bit of a brake. However, leaning forwards is the best method for more efficient running downhill and it means you will not overly tire muscles.
Try to think hard about relaxing and learning forwards as you go. A good tip is to aim to align your shoulders in front of you with your knees and you run downhill.
Stride out
It can be tempting to shorten your stride when running downhill but longer strides are what the top athletes do. You will cover more ground more quickly and it's easier to lean forward when taking longer steps.
Legs should be bent and you should try to push yourself forwards, leading with your chest, with each step, rather than letting gravity alone pull you down the hill.
More technical and steeper slopes will require a shorter, more accurate step to avoid injury so keep the long strides for the gentler gradients. Also watch how the experts take side steps, too, to maintain momentum and balance.
Land on your midfoot
The best runners head downhill with almost flat feet. It's not a good idea to hit the ground with your forefoot or your heel. Hitting the middle of the fort gives the greatest balance and bounce and the best control.
run downhill
Runners benefit fom learning how to run downhill faster and more efficiently (Image credit: Getty Images )
More tips for running downhill on trails
Use your arms
To maintain balance and to aid the forward motion, use your arms like mini windmills by your side. The aim is to do small, rounded movements with your hands and arms.
Look ahead
It is tempting to look at your feet the whole time, but you should be looking ahead and at least 10 metres/30 feet in front of you. If you do this your brain will be able to more easily assess what is coming on the trail or the hillside.
If you look down close to your feet you will be more likely to slough and this is not good for downhill speed. Look up and ahead.
Empty your mind
It's fear and anxiety that will slow you down on descents. Trust your body's capabilities and your instincts and simply let your worries go.
The right footwear
Running downhlll, especially on tracks, trails and hill paths requires the right trail running footwear. For more on this, check out our best mud running shoes and best trail running shoes, and our guide on how to choose trail running shoes
With practice, the fine art of running downhill at speed should come to you.
Fiona Russell


Shoe Sizes: EU vs US vs UK, How To Know What Fits?
Hello Shoe Lady,
My shoe size in The Netherlands is 43. My search for really nice shoes has taken me far beyond the borders, to the US. I found different size conversion charts, resulting in conversion of my european shoe size to US size somewhere between 10.5 and 12.5. What is the right US shoe size for me?
Hope you can help me out!
Dear Elis,
I am so glad you found me! I am continually MORTIFIED by the bad information given out to women "who leave a larger footprint" by people in the shoe industry who should know better!
The short answer: US size 11.
Here's a little more information:
Take a look at the international size chart here:
Some of the confusion might be that Great Britain uses a women's shoe measuring system similar to that of the USA. Except different. A Euro size 43, US size 11 women's shoe in Great Britain is a UK 9.
Another source of confusion is that one of the most common sizes in the US is size 8. It is close to (actually a bit smaller than, but wider than a US medium so feels about the same) an EU size 8. So shoe people, who should know better, assume if US 8 equals EU 38, then US 9 equals EU 39 and US 11 equals UK 41. On the surface this sounds logical. But it is so wrong. Here's the mathematical back story. In 1374 the King of England decided to base shoe sizes on the length of a barleycorn. Each barleycorn represents a jump from one size to the next. This was refined in 1880 in the USA when Edwin Simpson got all scientific with the inch (I know everyone on the metric system will laugh at this, as silly as barleycorns) and set the standard for US sizing, In his system, still used, 1/3 of an inch equals one full (not half) size difference. But wait, there's more! Unlike EU sizes which have a standard, proportional width that runs comparable to a US wide, US shoe sizes also come in width measurements, narrow, medium, wide, extra wide.
Your best size may be size 11M ( M equals Medium), but I think you need to know more! I strongly suggest you read up on Measuring Your Feet and Understanding Shoe Sizes ( so you will be able to pick the right length, width and shoe shape for your feet. You want to get the right size the first time when you are ordering from another country!
Thanks for asking!
The Shoe Lady


text:
- Census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations crossing provincial boundaries
There is one census metropolitan area (Ottawa - Gatineau) and three census agglomerations (Campbellton, Hawkesbury and Lloydminster) that cross provincial boundaries. The data for their respective provincial parts are included with the appropriate census metropolitan area or census agglomeration, with data for the census metropolitan area or census agglomeration within the province of the provincial part that contributes the majority of the population to the area. For example, Ottawa - Gatineau can be found in Ontario, Campbellton in New Brunswick, Hawkesbury in Ontario and Lloydminster in Alberta.
- TOTAL - ABORIGINAL AND NON-ABORIGINAL IDENTITY POPULATION
This is a grouping of the total population into non-Aboriginal or Aboriginal population, with Aboriginal persons further divided into Aboriginal groups, based on their responses to three questions on the 2006 Census form.
- TOTAL ABORIGINAL IDENTITY POPULATION
Included in the Aboriginal identity population are those persons who reported identifying with at least one Aboriginal group, that is, North American Indian, Métis or Inuit, and/or those who reported being a Treaty Indian or a Registered Indian, as defined by the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported they were members of an Indian band or First Nation.
- NORTH AMERICAN INDIAN SINGLE RESPONSE
Users should be aware that the counts for this item are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements. The extent of the impact will depend on the geographic area under study. In 2006, a total of 22 Indian reserves and Indian settlements were incompletely enumerated by the census. The populations of these 22 communities are not included in the census counts.
- ABORIGINAL RESPONSES NOT INCLUDED ELSEWHERE
Includes those who identified themselves as Registered Indians and/or band members without identifying themselves as North American Indian, Métis or Inuit in the Aboriginal identity question.
Data quality note(s)
- Data quality index showing, for the short census questionnaire (100% data), a global non response rate higher than or equal to 5% but lower than 10%.
- Data quality index showing, for the long census questionnaire (20% sample data), a global non response rate higher than or equal to 5% but lower than 10%.
- 2001 adjusted count; most of these are the result of boundary changes.


text:
- Family: Cyprinidae (Minnows and Carps)
- Other Names: Mirror carp, leather carp, koi
- Ohio Status: Introduced
- Adult Size: Typically 15-30 inches, can reach over 40 inches. Usually weighs 5-10 pounds, can reach 50-60 pounds.
- Typical Foods: Will eat a wide variety of items including, insect larvae, crustaceans, mollusks, some aquatic plants, fish eggs, and even small fish.
The common carp can be easily identified by several features. First, there are two barbels on each side of the mouth. No other species that closely resembles the carp has these barbels. Second, the dorsal and anal fins have spines at the front edge of the fins that are serrated. Most carp are bronze-gold to golden yellow on the sides and yellowish white on the belly. Partially scaled or scaleless individuals are frequently caught by fishermen: these are known as "half-scaled," "mirror" or "leather" carp. Also brightly colored common carp are known as "koi" and are often sold as ornamental fish for garden ponds. Common carp differ from goldfish by having the two sets of barbels and by having a dark spot at the base of each scale.
Habitat and Habits
Carp prefer warm lakes, streams, ponds and sloughs with a lot of organic matter. They do not multiply readily in clear, cold water. They are tolerant of very poor water quality. They root around on the bottom while feeding often uprooting vegetation and making the water very turbid (murky).
Reproduction and Care of the Young
Spawning begins in late April and continues into June. Large females lay between 100,000 and 500,000 eggs in vegetation with water depths between one and four feet. Young carp remain in these vegetated areas until they are three to four inches in length and eat primarily small crustaceans.


rob of
rob (someone or something) of (something)
1. To steal something from someone or something. He installed a computer virus that robs the company of tiny amounts of money every single time a bank transaction is carried out. The mugger robbed me of my passport and all my cash, but thankfully he ran off before he got my phone.
2. To deprive something from someone or something. He really robbed me of my dignity with the way he chastised me in front of everyone. The trees' leaves have become so large and numerous that they are actually robbing the vegetation on the jungle floor of precious sunlight.
See also: of, rob
rob someone of something
to deprive someone of something, not necessarily by theft. What you have done has robbed me of my dignity! If you do that, you will rob yourself of your future.
See also: of, rob
rob of
1. To deprive someone of something by stealing it: The thief robbed us of our money. I was robbed of my car.
2. To deprive something or someone of something, to injurious effect: This parasite robs trees of sap. The malicious rumor robbed me of my professional standing.
See also: of, rob
See also:
References in classic literature?
The boy had been born in Lockesley town--in the year 1160, stern records say--and was often called Lockesley, or Rob of Lockesley.


text:
UNCUT VIDEO: Wagyu Steak by Happycall Double Pan
Click here to see all Happycall double pans models.
Many of you enjoy cooking with double pans and are amazed by how user friendly they are, while some who are less experienced may not know how to start.
Here we share an uncut video on how did we pan fry a Wagyu steak by the following steps.
Double Pan: IH Synchro Double Pan - Standard
Food: 400g Wagyu Steak (MB6) seasoned with salt and pepper (about $32)
1. Add some oil.
2. Preheat the pan on MEDIUM HIGH heat for about 30 seconds.
3. Place the steak in the pan, close the lid and cook for 2.5 minutes.
4. Flip the pan over at 2.5 minutes.
5. Heat for another 2.5 minutes.
6. Turn off the heat and enjoy your juicy steak!
- Remember a reasonably heated pan and heated oil (not overheating) are key.
- Users will need basic cooking techniques and common sense (understanding of proper heat control, knowing how to check the food periodically, and so on).
- Heat level, Please note that the heat levels shown below are for general reference only. Every cooktop is different. The following ranges apply if 10 is the maximum.
- Low heat: the heat level is 1-2.
- Medium low heat: the heat level is 3-4.
- Medium heat: the heat level is 5.
- Medium high heat: the heat level is 7-8.
- High heat: the heat level is 9-10.


text:
Certain fields in the Coordination Issues tool can be configured as required, optional, or hidden. For example, if you want to make a date required, or hide a section that is not relevant to you and your team, you can configure these preferences in the Company level Admin tool and then apply them to one or more projects. See Create New Configurable Fieldsets.
The table below details which of the Coordination Issues tool's default fields can be configured for projects:
- A GREEN checkmark indicates the field can be configured to this setting.
- A RED 'x' indicates the field cannot be configured to this setting.
- A field name in GRAY italics indicates the field cannot be configured from its default setting.


What are the Risks of Yield Farming?
an image of a person holding a phone with crypto graphs and a laptop with the same - the Risks of Yield Farming
In several of our recent articles, we have discussed yield farming. I published the yield farming guide and then created a tutorial on how to do yield farming on Ubeswap. As explained in those articles, it is quite profitable. However, there are several risks of yield farming.
Any investment that offers medium to high rewards has risks, and yield farming is no different. That is why in this article, I will show you the risks of yield farming and liquidity mining so you are clear on what you're going into before you proceed.
If you don't know what yield farming is, click on any of the two links above to find out. I recommend you click on the first one and read through it before proceeding to the second.
What are the Risks of DeFi Yield Farming?
Here are the risks associated with yield farming:
 1. Risk of Impermanent Loss
 2. DeFi Smart Contract Risk
 3. Unfairness
 4. Risk of Scam
 5. Gas Fees
 6. Bugs in the Code
 7. Price Risks
 8. Strategy Risk
Risk of Impermanent Loss
Impermanent loss is one of the biggest risks of yield farming.
When farming yields on your assets, you add liquidity in pairs of equivalent value; if you add one ETH in an ETH/USDC pair and 1ETH is 2000 USDC, you must add 1ETH and 2000 USDC.
Suppose the value of ETH falls to 1000 USDC, the coins in the entire liquidity pool shifts to make up for that. When you have a huge loss in any of the coins in the pool in such situations, you can end up with an impermanent loss where you get a lower value than what you put in when you withdraw your liquidity.
The profit from farming yields on your cryptocurrency assets sometimes make up for the loss, but it doesn't always. Given the volatility of cryptocurrencies, you can be faced with this risk any time the value of a cryptocurrency drops. However, it only happens when the difference in value drops a lot.
DeFi Smart Contract Risk
Smart contracts control yield farming and DeFi. One bug in the smart contracts can cause the price of a token to drop to zero. A malicious hacker can exploit that bug to manipulate the project for any possibility, including losing all your cryptocurrency assets in the pools affected. To mitigate this risk, confirm that the smart contract has been audited.
Yield farming pools are controlled to a large extent by the founders and wealthier investors. That puts yield farmers with small funds at risk because if a wealthier investor takes out a large chunk of their investments, it can affect the platform.
One good example of this is what happened with Sushiswap. It fell quickly because the founder, Chef Nomi, removed his liquidity which ran in millions from the SUSHI/ETH pool. That caused a 73% crash in the price of SUSHI tokens which, of course, affected anyone holding the coin, including yield farmers.
Risk of Scam
When considering yield farming pools and applications to use, you need to be careful. Anyone can create an app for yield farming if they have the necessary skills. You must ensure that you are not using an app that isn't properly vetted or the owners aren't known.
Even then, you might still fall to this risk. The reason is that you get higher rewards from new protocols and applications; anyone that jumps on such in the first few weeks of launch can make a lot. When such things are new, you can't get reviews or comments from actual users.
You can still check online for comments because, in most cases, there would be some publicity about the app before they launch any liquidity pool. So, check GitHub, Twitter, and Reddit to see if there are negative comments.
Gas Fees
Gas fees on Ethereum are high – this is one fact that no one can debate. This is a problem for DeFi yield farming, especially for investors with smaller funds; wealthier participants might not mind.
When a lot of people take advantage of a yield farming opportunity and lock a lot of cryptocurrency in DeFi, gas fees skyrocket. In 2020, this was a big issue where gas fees reached over 100x more than usual due to yield farming activities on Uniswap.
When such happens, those with fewer funds would realize it's costly to withdraw their earnings and might end up losing money if they try. If they choose to leave the cryptocurrency in the pool, any other risks, such as impermanent loss and liquidation risks, can lead to a loss. Ethereum 2.0 with layer two scaling aims to solve this problem.
Bugs in the Code
Every app has bugs. Even when the developers do their best to ensure they don't, they can miss some of these things. For most top applications, such bugs don't cause much impact most of the time, but sometimes they can be serious. A malicious actor can exploit such issues to their advantage, making all investors in the yield farming pool lose their money.
Price Risks
This risk is not particular to farming yields on your cryptocurrency assets; it can happen to any crypto investor. As long as you hold crypto, you are liable to the risk of losing your money. Price changes happen a lot in the market. If the value of the coins in the pair you provide liquidity for lose value, you would lose some of your money,
There is also the aspect of the token. Some yield farming platforms offer their token as part of the rewards to yield farmers. If the value of the token falls, what you expect as returns for your investment reduces.
To give a clear picture of the above, here's this example. When farming yields on your assets in Ubeswap, you get UBE. If UBE was $5 when you invested but a few weeks later, it is $1, what you get in fiat is way different from what you expected at the time of your investment.
Strategy Risk
When doing yield farming, your strategy matters. You have to decide on what kind of pair to invest in. A hot pool today wouldn't be hot in a few weeks from now.
Here's the thing: if a pool provides 2000% returns which usually happens at launch, in a few weeks, that can drop to 300% because more money would have been pooled in by then. People would find out about that pool and invest, and as more people invest, the returns would reduce.
Although yield farming can be passive, you need to monitor your investment periodically, follow crypto news and us (subscribe for email updates), so you can pool out of a pool and invest in a better one when you need to.
You also look at the market's volatility as that can affect your capital and returns. If you weren't sure about a coin but invested only because of the high returns and the value is falling fast, you might decide to pool your investments in another pool.
Yield farming can be long term, so you shouldn't have to jump from pool to pool. Strategize wisely, and you will enjoy the returns from your crypto assets.
That is it for the risks associated with pulling your cryptocurrency in a yield farm. You can grow your cryptocurrency assets, whether Bitcoin, ethereum, Celo, and other cryptocurrencies in the blockchain. It's a great way to grow your cryptocurrency rather than leaving it to sit in an exchange or wallet.
I hope you take the suggestions in this article to mitigate your risks, so you earn more than you lose most of the time. Bear in mind that every good investment has risks; you just need to know how to mitigate them to reduce their impact.
If you have any questions or need help, click on this link for consulting with me. You can also subscribe using the form below to get updates whenever valuable posts like this are published.
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Rotation for RBXDevs-How to Fix Wood Grain
Hello confused devs of ROBLOX, WoodReviewer here. Today I am not here to just talk about how wood grain should go. Today I am only here to talk about how you rotate wood grain to fix it. Yes, I know. You just rotate and resize the bricks. But that seems to be above what some people are able to do. So lets start at the very basics on how you fix wood grain.
No Plugins
This first part is how you can fix wood grain with a completely stock version of ROBLOX studio, no plugins or anything, like I use to do for years before newer building plugins were a thing. The first step is to have some bad wood grain.
Bad Grain.png
The second step is to change the wood grain to wooden planks.
bad grain planks.png
Why? Simply put, wooden planks and regular wood have the same grain direction, and with the darker lines provided by the gaps between the planks, it can be easier to tell what way the wood grain is facing.
Step two isn't a step as much as making sure you do everything right. Simple check the size of the brick you are fixing.
There are several ways to do this, either in notepad, sticky notes, mental notes, or making a duplicate brick and putting it some where to act as a reference point.
Size Notepad.png
Next up is another option step in case you can't tell what way the wood grain is facing. First, you need to resize the brick.
Resize Planks.png
But don't resize it all at once; do one side first.
Resize Planks 2.png
Then the other side an equal amount. The ensures the center of the brick stays in the same exact place while rotating the brick.
Resize Planks 3.png
And then resize the other two sides the same way. Again, this is optional, only do it if you can't tell what direction you need to rotate the board for proper wood grain.
Final Planks Resize.png
Next up you need to rotate the wood. Studio normal rotation amount means that that it should go an even 90 degree rotations, but if it does not change your rotation amount so it can do an even 90 degrees.
Planks Rotate.png
Next is a game of guess-and-check. Rotate the wood until it is finally at the correct orientation. This can vary based on how the wood was originally.
Planks rotations.png
From here, simply resize the brick so it is back to its original dimensions. Remember, to keep the brick in the same position you need to rotate each side by equal amounts. So in this case, it was 3x3x7. To make it be 1x1x7, you need to resize the longest side by 3 studs each, and the short side by 1 stud each. Then to fix its height, raise the top and lower the bottom by 2 studs each.
Resize final.png
Then, in the last step, change it back to wood if that is what you want, and voila, proper wood grain.
Back to wood.png
Next up is a slightly easier way to fix wood grain, but requires a plugin. Personally I prefer CmdUtl or one of its derivatives, such as Studio Build Suite, but any plugin that will let you rotate objects and resize from center should work. This is what I will be working with, a dozen or so bad pieces of wood grain. This can be fence posts, railings, chair legs, or anything that is repeated and exactly the same.
Bunch of parts.png
First you need to select them all. You can either alt+right click on each, select them in explorer, use a selection plugin, or drag and select them. I used the latter since there was nothing else I could accidentally select.
Next open up your building plugin.
From here, repeat the above steps, with some minor differences. First write down the size of the parts. Then, when you go to resize them to make the wood grain larger, use the "Resize Center" button. This will resize them from the center of the brick, so resizing by.5, for example, will increase both sides by.25 studs. This helps ensure the center of the brick remains in the same place.
SBS Resize Center.png
For most CmdUtl derivatives, this does it for every brick. Again, make sure your building plugin can do this. Next, you need to rotate them. Again, similar to the default studio steps, only this time use the "Rotate Object" tool. "Rotate Object" will rotate each object in price, while "Rotate Group" and "Rotate Pivot" will rotate the objects as a group, moving most of the bricks.
SBS Rotate Object.png
Then just keep repeating until they are in the correct orientation.
SBS Correct Rotations.png
And then resize them, again resizing from center so they remain in the exact same spot. Once the size is correct, simply change the material and it is done.
SBS Resize Final.png
Even though most people will want to use the Material Flip plugin, mass-fixing 100 or so bricks this way is much quicker than using the Material Flip plugin at times.
Material Flip
Next up is the simplest way. First, install and enable the Material Flip plugin by Stravant. Next open select it in studio and look at a brick in studio with bad wood grain.
Texture Flip Front.png
The click on it and that face will have the material flipped 90 degrees.
Textue Flip Front Result.png
Repeat until all sides are fixed. This usually requires 2 clicks per brick, but sometimes fixing one side will cause the orientation of the brick to change in the way that both sides are fixed at once.
Texture flip side result.png
Seriously, why did I feel the need to do a tutorial on how to use this plugin.
Control Panel
Next up is not a way to fix wood grain, but a way to select it. It is Studio Command Panel, and is a quick way to select multiple bricks. Once you select the bricks you want, you can then rotate and fix them with CmdUtl, whether it is 5 bricks or 5,000 bricks. After you install it, click on it to activate it, select a brick, and press "P". This will open in up the panel.
Control Panel.png
Then just type in a command. For this, I'll be using the "SelectSimilar" command. First up is the "Similar Appearance" selection. It shows up once you type "SelectSimilar". "Similar Appearance" selects any bricks that have a similar color and material to the original brick, in this case the one on the far left. Because one brick is green, it is not selected.
Control Panel Appearance.png
Next up is the "Material" command. This will select all parts with a similar material, so the green one is selected. If you know all the wood in a place is incorrect, you can use this command.
Control Panel Material.png
Next up is color. Like appearance, it selects bricks based on color, but ignores material. In this case, it ignores the green brick again. I find this most useful because you can tag parts in a place you want ignored odd colors, like bright pink or green, and the selection will ignore them if they are good.
Control Panel Color.png
Next is by size. It ignores color and material, and only selects based on size. This is useful since when you go to fix the wood grain with CmdUtl you need the parts to be the same size, but it is not the most useful option.
Control Panel Size.png
The most useful selection tool is all. It only selects parts that are the same size, material, and color. This is the most useful because it can ignore non-wood parts, only select similarly sized parts, like size, which is needed to fix wood grain, and you can tag parts you want ignored with different colors to, well, ignore them.
Control Panel All.png
This plugin is very powerful and can do many things. However, all I use it for is to select stuff, so that is all I have experience with.
4 thoughts on "Rotation for RBXDevs-How to Fix Wood Grain
 1. pumpkinhead
 Thank you so much. Now I realize why my wood grain was off and why you keep criticizing the wood grain even though I didn't quite understand what was wrong with it.
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10 reasons your kids need their cousins growing up
Family gatherings are an important part of growing up, especially if your kids have cousins similar in age.
Most of us remember hanging out with our cousins at family barbecues or we may have even been lucky enough to live close by and even go to school, or be in the same class, as a relative.
In fact, cousins play a vital role in a child's development and social interactions.
10 reasons your kids need their cousins growing up
Family gatherings are an important part of growing up. Source: Pixabay
Here are 10 reasons why your kids need their cousins….
1. Cousins are your first best friends
Siblings are too – but cousins are like siblings that don't annoy you as much! Plus, they're more like a friend as you can have sleepovers at your cousin's house!
2. You'll always have someone to hang out with at family gatherings
It's nice to have someone to hang out with at Great Aunt May's annual family tea. Family gathering are so much better and less of a chore if your cousins are there when you're younger.
3. It's basically like having more siblings
This is great if you are an only child. If you only have a brother, you may have a female cousin or vice versa. It's like having lots of siblings that you don't have to share all your toys with all of the time!
4. It's easier to make plans with cousins
If your parents are going to visit their siblings then it's easy to make plans for playdates with your cousins.
5. You can share hand-me-downs
If you have a cousin that lives nearby, chances are you'll have clothes for life!
10 reasons your kids need their cousins growing up
Cousins are basically extra siblings. Source: Pixabay
6. You'll always have someone to confide in
Kids are always going to complain about their parents, let's face it. Having a cousin to vent to is always handy, as they will understand more where you're coming from.
7. You're connected for life
Like siblings, cousins are family. You share grandparents, aunts, uncles and other cousins. That's super special.
8. You have more role models
Whether you're the youngest or the oldest child in your family, chances are there will either be someone older than you or younger than you when you have cousins.
Things, like manners, can be learnt from older cousins. Exposure to more people is always a good thing when it comes to learning social cues.
10 reasons your kids need their cousins growing up
You have friends for life in cousins. Source: Pixabay
9. You get to reminisce with cousins
Not many people get to see their friends on Christmas Day, but chances are, you'll spend it with your cousins. This way, you make so many personal memories that you can look back on later in life.
10. Cousins love each other unconditionally
Friends often come and go as you grow up, but your cousins will be there from birth until adulthood. There may be bickers but they'll resolve quickly because of those family connections.
10 ways aunts play a super special and important part in our children's lives
Kate Middleton talks about Meghan Markle's pregnancy for the first time: 'It's such a special time'
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Abalone Shell
Abalone Shell
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The abalone shell was traditionally used in smudging ceremonies to represent the element of Water. They have been uncovered in archaeological digs from around the world dating back thousands of years.
The iridescent nacre inside the shell is formed from microscopic calcium carbonate tiles, making it exceptionally strong in addition to it's beauty. This distinctive rainbow shine is also frequently seen in jewelry.
Commonly used today as a fire safe container while smoke cleansing or to represent the ocean or feminine on an altar.
Can be supported upright with separate stand. Sold by the each


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Fuzzy sets on 2D spaces for fineness representation
MetadatosAfficher la notice complète
Fuzzy setsFeature extractionImage analysisTexture modeling Human perception
The analysis of the perceptual properties of texture plays a fundamental role in tasks like semantic description of images, content-based image retrieval using linguistic queries, or expert systems design based on low level visual features. In this paper, we propose a methodology to model texture properties by means of fuzzy sets defined on bidimensional spaces. In particular, we have focused our study on the fineness property that is considered as the most important feature for human visual interpretation. In our approach, pairwise combinations of fineness measures are used as a reference set, which allows to improve the ability to capture the presence of this property. To obtain the membership functions, we propose to learn the relationship between the computational values given by the measures and the human perception of fineness. The performance of each fuzzy set is analyzed and tested with the human assessments, allowing us to evaluate the goodness of each model and to identify the most suitable combination of measures for representing the fineness presence.


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I've read that July of 1916 was the sunniest month ever recorded in Chicago, logging 95 percent of possible sunshine. Did the sunshine recorders in use then follow use today's standards?
--George Ballas, Morton Grove
Retired Chicago weather observer Paul Kubecka found that the instrument for measuring solar irradiance in 1916, the Maring-Marvin sunshine recorder (in use in Chicago until 1953) was less sensitive than today's version. It required.37 langleys to initiate the recording of sunshine compared with to the current World Meteorological Organization standard of.17 langleys. It also had a slower response time, taking up to 10 minutes before beginning to log sunshine at sunrise and sunset and during passing cloudy intervals. If weather conditions were identical, today's instrument would have recorded a higher sunshine percentage than the 1916 version.


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If you're applying for a Norway Schengen visa, you may need to provide a flight reservation for visa application as part of your application. A flight reservation is a temporary booking or holds on a flight itinerary that demonstrates your intended travel plans. You need it to show proof of onward or return travel to visa officers.
In this article, we'll discuss some tips on how to reserve a Schengen visa dummy ticket for your Norway Schengen visa application.
A Bit About Norway
Norway is a country located in Northern Europe, known for its breathtaking natural beauty, rich cultural heritage, and high standard of living. Norway houses stunning fjords, majestic mountains, and the mesmerizing phenomenon of the Northern Lights.
Norway is a member of the Schengen Area, which is a group of 26 European countries that have abolished border controls, allowing for seamless travel across their territories. This makes Norway an attractive destination for tourists and travelers.
In addition to its natural attractions, Norway has a strong economy and high standard of living. The country has a well-developed welfare system, providing its residents with access to quality education, healthcare, and social benefits. Norway also has a progressive environmental policies, focusing on sustainability and renewable energy.
The culture of Norway is rich and diverse, with a strong emphasis on traditions and folklore. Norwegian literature, music, and art are celebrated globally for their unique expressions and influences from the country's history and mythology. The country's friendly and welcoming people, known as Norwegians, are known for their hospitality and inclusivity towards visitors.
In summary, Norway is a captivating country with its stunning natural landscapes, rich cultural heritage, high standard of living, and progressive policies. It offers a diverse range of experiences for travelers, making it a popular destination for tourists and explorers alike.
What Is Flight Reservation For Visa?
Flight reservation for visa application is the process of reserving a flight itinerary or booking a flight ticket without actually purchasing it, solely for the purpose of visa application. Likewise, it involves obtaining a confirmation or reservation of a flight from an airline or a travel agency, which provides proof of intended travel for visa application purposes.
Moreover, flight reservation for visa application is a common requirement for many countries when applying for a visa, especially for Schengen visas or other types of tourist or visitor visas. It serves as evidence of a planned trip, including the proposed dates of travel, destination, and duration of stay, which helps visa officials assess the applicant's travel plans and intentions.
Additionally, the flight reservation for visa application typically includes details such as the flight itinerary, including departure and arrival dates, flight numbers, and the traveler's name. It is important to note that flight reservations are not actual tickets and do not guarantee a confirmed booking or seat on a flight.
Therefore, obtaining a flight reservation for visa application usually involves contacting an airline or a travel agency and providing the necessary details for the intended travel. Some airlines or travel agencies may charge a nominal fee for providing a flight reservation, while others may offer it for free.
Hence, it is advisable to check with the airline or travel agency about their specific procedures and requirements for flight reservation for visa application.
In conclusion, flight reservation for visa application is the process of obtaining a temporary flight itinerary or confirmation without purchasing an actual ticket, used as proof of intended travel for visa application purposes. It is a common requirement for many countries and can be obtained from airlines or travel agencies, providing important documentation to support visa applications.
Tips To Get Flight Reservation For Norway Schengen Visa Application
Here are some tips to get a flight reservation for a Norway Schengen visa application:
- Contact an airline or travel agency: Research and identify airlines or travel agencies that provide flight reservation services. You can contact them directly through their website, customer service, or visit their physical location.
- Provide accurate details: Ensure that you provide accurate details about your intended travel, including the proposed dates of travel, destination, and duration of stay. This information will be used to create your dummy flight booking.
- Be prepared with necessary information: Have all the necessary information handy, such as your passport details, personal information, and travel itinerary, as this will be required to create the flight reservation.
- Inquire about fees and charges: Some airlines or travel agencies may charge a nominal fee for providing a flight reservation, while others may offer it for free. Inquire about any fees or charges upfront to avoid surprises later.
- Confirm reservation validity: Check the validity period of the flight reservation, as some countries may require it to be valid for a certain duration, usually until the visa application decision is made.
- Ask for a confirmation: Request for a confirmation or proof of the flight reservation, such as an email or printed document, which you can submit along with your visa application as proof of intended travel.
- Follow up and confirm: After obtaining the flight reservation, double-check the details for accuracy, and follow up with the airline or travel agency to confirm that the reservation has been made and is valid.


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Home » Posts tagged 'Supermassive black hole'
Tag Archives: Supermassive black hole
What are they?
Consider a star, having its mass is more than 3 times of the mass of the Sun. At the end of its life, it will collapse and will become more and more compact. This collapse will continue until the star becomes so compact and dense that Nothing…Nothing, not even light, would be able to pass through or escape from its gravity. Hence the star will become dark and it cann't be viewed directly.
Now we say that our Considered Star is A Black Hole.
Nature and More about Black Holes
As of now, our star is a black hole. Now it will emit strong gravitational waves due to its giant mass-density. These waves will be strongest near the black hole and weakest at last approach of the black hole. Thus the shape of black hole's effect area, will look like Whirl. This is the same as washing machine whirl..


Bertie McConnell
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Robert Dodd McConnell, known as Bertie McConnell (born 1921) is a former Army officer and politician in Northern Ireland.
McConnell was born in Bangor, County Down, and served in the British Army in World War II. During the war, he lost his sight.[1]
In 1958, McConnell was elected to Bangor Borough Council, serving until 1973. He was elected at the Northern Ireland general election, 1969, as an independent Unionist Member of Parliament for Bangor. Despite being an independent, he was a supporter of Ulster Unionist Party Prime Minister Terence O'Neill.[1]
McConnell joined the Alliance Party of Northern Ireland alongside Phelim O'Neill and Tom Gormley in early 1972. He was elected to North Down Borough Council in 1973, and to the Northern Ireland Assembly for North Down. He held this seat on the Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention in 1975, and served as the President of the Alliance Party in 1976.[1]
McConnell stood down from his council seat in 1981[2] and took no further role in active politics.
 1. ^ a b c Biographies of Members of the Northern Ireland House of Commons
 2. ^ The Local Government Elections _PHONE_: North Down
Parliament of Northern Ireland
Preceded by
New constituency
Member of Parliament for Bangor
1969 - 1972
Succeeded by
Position prorogued 1972
Parliament abolished 1973
Party political offices
Preceded by
Joseph Magowan
President of the Alliance Party of Northern Ireland
Succeeded by


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Let $f:X\to Y$ be a universal homeomorphism of regular (excellent finite-dimensional) schemes, $Z\subset Y$ be a regular subscheme. Is $f^{-1}(Z)$ necessarily regular?
share|improve this question
2 Answers 2
up vote 7 down vote accepted
Well, $f^{-1}Z$ could easily be non-reduced (for example, take the relative Frobenius morphism $\mathbb A^1_k \to \mathbb A^1_k$, defined by the embedding $k[y] = k[x^p] \subseteq k[x]$, where $k$ is a field of characteristic $p > 0$, and let $Z \subseteq \mathbb A^1$ be defined by $y = 0$), so I would guess that the question should be interpreted as asking whether $f^{-1}Z$ with its reduced structure is regular. But the answer is negative even in this case. For example, take the morphism $\mathbb A^2_k \to \mathbb A^2_k$ defined by the embedding $k[y,t] = k[x^p, t] \subseteq k[x, t]$, and let $Z \subseteq \mathbb A^2_k $ be defined by $y + t^{p+1} = 0$.
share|improve this answer
Can't we base-change $f : X \to Y$ with $Z$ and obtain: $g : f^{-1}(Z) \to Z$? This also is a universal homeomorphism by construction, right? So now we have a universal homeomorphism to a regular scheme, but a regular scheme is weakly normal, see A. Andreotti and E. Bombieri, ''Sugli omeomorfismi delle varietà algebriche''.
Therefore $g$ is an isomorphism at least as long as $f^{-1}(Z)$ is reduced and the map $g$ is birational.
EDIT: My argument that $f^{-1}(Z)$ was reduced was junk. I shouldn't have tried to do math while on the run. But as long as $f^{-1}(Z)$ is reduced and $g$ is birational, then I think things are ok.
share|improve this answer
Sorry, why $f$ being a universal homeomorphism contradicts its generic inseparablity? – Mikhail Bondarko Mar 20 '11 at 13:09
I was being dumb. Nevermind. – Karl Schwede Mar 20 '11 at 18:57
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Change Management & First Deployment
Updated 1 year ago by Copado Solutions
Copado Change Management setup will let you achieve best practices in your release management process. With this setup you will be able to control your user stories and their metadata changes as they move through your environment landscape until they finally reach the production environment.
Setup Steps
 1. Create a new project and link it to your pipeline.
 2. Create a user story:
 - In the Project field, select your new project.
 - In the Environment field, select the source environment where you will develop the user story. This environment has to be present in your pipeline.
 - In the Org Credential field select the org credential that corresponds to the environment you have previously selected.
 - Click on Save.
 3. Commit files within the user story by clicking on Commit Changes. Select a couple of metadata components for testing purposes.
 4. Edit the user story and check the Ready to Promote checkbox or click on Submit:
 1. Create a promotion:
 - In the Project field select the project you have already created.
 - In the Source Environment field select the environment where you have been developing your user story. The source org credential and the destination environment and org credential will be populated based on the source environment selected.
 - Click on Save.
 - The user story should appear on the Selected User Stories section. Select it and click on Create Deployment.
 - A new deployment will appear in the Deployments related list. Click on it and you will be redirected to the Deployment detail page.
 2. In the Deployment detail page you will notice that there is a source org and a corresponding destination org (as defined in your pipeline).
 - Click on the Git Promotion step. A table will appear with the metadata components that were committed, which will be deployed to the destination org.
 3. Once the deployment is finished, check the following changes:
 - In the destination org you will find that the metadata components were successfully deployed.
 - In the repository branch linked to the destination org, you will see that the user story files were recently merged.
 - If you open the user story, you will notice the environment has changed from the original value to the destination environment. Now, this user story can be tested again in the new org, and whenever it is ready to be promoted to the next environment, just repeat the promotion process.
How did we do?


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PEOPLE living in Staffordshire are being urged to take part in a new scheme to help generate power by recycling used cooking oil.
Staffordshire County Council says it has found an innovative way to turn cooking oil into renewable energy as part of a scheme it is running in partnership with energy firm Living Fuels.
The scheme sees tanks placed at 13 of Staffordshire's household waste recycling centres for residents to dispose of their waste cooking oil.
Bosses say just one full tank can provide enough electricity to power the average home for a year.
When collected, the used cooking oil is taken to Living Fuels' state-of-the-art recovery facility where it is naturally settled and recovered into a clean, green bioliquid without the need for any chemicals or heat. This bioliquid is then used in the company's renewable energy facilities to produce carbon neutral electricity to power homes and businesses.
Staffordshire County Council's cabinet member for environment and assets Mark Winnington said: "This innovative scheme is another way in which we can take a waste substance and turn it into renewable energy, demonstrating great benefits for Staffordshire's environment and residents. Any savings on fuel costs are welcome and this is another example we are looking to get the best value for money for our residents and literally drive down waste.
"This is a great working partnership with Living Fuels which we hope as many people as possible take advantage of and help generate even more renewable energy for our county."
Since the scheme started in October 2008, enough renewable electricity had been recovered in Staffordshire to make 11.5 million cups of tea. The recovery of used cooking oil forms part of the Staffordshire County Council and Stoke-on-Trent Council's joint waste plan, which supports new waste recovery procedures and encourages renewable energy initiatives.
When poured down drains, used cooking oil costs UK water companies an estimated £15 million per year on blockages, which can lead to water contamination and flooding.
Living Fuels' operations director Rob Murphy said: "We are delighted to be able to work with Staffordshire and Stoke-on-Trent councils to help them provide residents with a truly green solution for getting rid of their waste vegetable oil."
Participating recycling centres near to Ashbourne include Pennycroft Lane, Uttoxeter and Fowlchurch Road, Leek


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| NAME: Chilili
CLIMATE: The weather will be no problem
BEST TIME TO VISIT: Any time
. Present spanish village was established
in 1841, however this site was visited by Chamuscado in 1581 and probably
is referred to by Onate in 1598 as Chiu Alle. Alonso de Benavides mentions
it in 1630 as the first pueblo of the Tompira Indian group, and refers to
missionary activity begun by the Fransicans about 1613. Pueblo was abandoned
between 1669 and 1676 because of Apache raids. Chilili' on L'Atlas Curieux
(1700). Ruins of Indian pueblo lie on W side of ARROYO DE CHILILI.Post office
from 1882 to 1937.CHILILI GRANT. In the SE corner of Torrance County line.
On March 8, 1841, Sandiago Padilla and six others, for themselves and twenty
more heads of families, petitioned Gov. Manuel Armijo. Grant was approved
March 20 and the men took possession on March 29, 1841.
|Chilili. In the Manzano mountains SE of Albuquerque, on US 10. One of the oldest place names in NM records, since the site was first visited in 1581. Submitted by: Samuel W McWhorter||


Common terms used in knife-making.
Damascus (Pattern-welded) Steel
Steel made with a wavy surface pattern produced by hammer-welding strips of steel and iron followed by repeated heating and forging, used chiefly for knife and sword blades. Such items were often marketed, but not necessarily made, in Damascus during the medieval period. Forms or styles of Pattern-welded steel include: Cable, Chainsaw, Roller Chain, Band Saw.
Masur Birch
Masur Birch is not a particular species of birch, but is rather a grain figure that is most commonly seen in Downy Birch and Silver Birch. It is also sometimes known as Karelian Birch—with Karelia being a region between Finland and Russia. Once surmised to have been caused by the boring larvae of a certain beetle, Masur Birch in Norway has been shown to be hereditary, classifying the name of the variant as Betula pendula var. Carelica. Regardless of the exact cause and makeup of the peculiar grain pattern, the resulting figure and appearance is very similar to burl wood or birdseye maple, though of a different origin. Masur Birch is commonly used for turned objects, decorative veneer, knife handles, and other small specialty items.
The unfinished stock of metal of a knife blade from which the knife maker forges into a knife.
Wootz Steel
A steel made anciently in India by crude methods in small crucibles according to the oldest known process for making fused steel.