How Do Snails Make Shells – How are They Formed
I was doing a bit of gardening recently when I came across a snail with a chunk of its shell missing. I thought to myself, how do these shells work? I wander if the little guy can grow another one…? I did some further digging, excuse the pun, and this is what I uncovered!
How do snails make shells?
Snails make their shells with a gland called the 'mucous pedal gland'. The function of this gland is to produce a calcium rich mucous which the snail spreads on the outer rim of the original shell. Over time this mucous hardens, at first forming a weak, soft edge that eventually becomes hard like the rest. This process is repeated as necessary to ensure the shell grows along with the snail. Land, garden and sea snails all follow the same shell growth process.
Through my research I also discovered that there are over forty thousand species of snail and some of them only live in water. Can you imagine that?! I also discovered just how important a role the shells play in the life of a snail and how some of their reproductive methods are totally crazy. Check this out!
Do snails have shells when they are born
All snails are born with a basic soft shell called a 'protoconch'. The shells are made of calcium carbonate, which is a chemical compound of calcium and protein also found in rocks, seashells and even dark green vegetables.
Where Do Snail Shells come from & How are Snail Shells Formed
As a snail reaches maturity, their original shell becomes the smallest part of the spiral we see in all snail shells. As the shell grows, it is pushed around the snail like an unwinding spring, this is the reason for the spiral shape. Because of the way the snail forms it's shell it is also capable of repairing it, the mucous excretion acting like glue to seal a wound – so I'm sure my little garden friend will be fine.
Now, given that the shell is made of calcium carbonate, you might have guessed that the main ingredient for the shell is calcium – this means that to grow a shell effectively, snails must consume large quantities of it to fuel their mucous production. All snails hatch from calcium dense eggs and instinct tells them to eat the eggshell after they hatch. This sets them on the path of seeking out calcium – from birth they hunt for anything and everything plant based containing this essential dietary ingredient (snails are omnivores with very few genetically exceptional species that may occasionally eat fish or other snails).
Land snails often look for green vegetables such as spinach and broccoli. Snails that spend their lives in the water have a diet primarily consisting of plants like algae and kelp.
Diet has a large impact on the pattern of the shell too! Snails with a diverse diet tend to have more vibrant and interesting patterned shell, which is why sea snails living in warmer climates tend to be the most eye-catching, due to the larger variety of available foods.
How Do Snails Make Shells
How Do Snails Make Shells
Why do snails have a shell?
The purpose of a snail's shell is very diverse and it's kind of like a little snail house, though it's technically a living part of the snail. Because of the genetic make-up of a snail, like all members of the gastropod family, their entire body is very moist – maintained by their mucous production mentioned earlier – as such, they require a moist environment to survive.
This is why we rarely see snails on the sidewalk when it's sunny and dry, it makes it very difficult and uncomfortable for the snail to move around as it has to produce far more mucous to do so. If it's really hot, then the shell acts as a very necessary sun shield where the snail can retreat into and stay nice and wet. Shells are also very useful as a means of defence against predators such as birds and fish – the strong shell being virtually impenetrable to many species.
They can also hide well as their shells often camouflage well with the environment in which they get their food from – as I mentioned earlier, the shell pattern and colour changes based on diet. If a snail feels threatened it can retract its entire body into the shell so that only very persistent and well-equipped predators can get at them. Birds like the song thrush will clasp a snail in its strong beak and repeatedly smash it against a solid object until they successfully break the hard shell.
Other large predators such as blue jays, ravens, hawks and owls will actually swallow smaller snails whole, in which case the shells are likely only to cause a minor stomach upset for their attackers…hardly a fair trade!
How are snails attached to their shells?
While we might look at the shell as the snail's home, it is attached from birth and cannot be removed. The shell should be considered as an extension of the snail itself, like a human's ribcage.
Can a snail live without its shell or Do Snails Die when their Shells Break?
The short answer is, sadly, no. So, if my little friend's shell was more severely damaged, he probably wouldn't have made it.
Imagine if your rib cage was on the outside of your body. Our ribcage is very important for our survival as it protects our important bits! Without our ribcage we couldn't survive as it supports our ability to breathe and it is the same for the snail. Not only does the snail breathe through a breathing hole in its shell, it simply wouldn't survive the elements without it. Who would have known that a snail's greatest defence mechanism is also one of its most vital organs!
Can snails regrow their shells?
As mentioned earlier, a snail can make minor repairs to their shell as needed, however, to regrow the entire shell would sadly be impossible because to lose the shell means death.
Where do snails come from? Reproduction and more!
One of the most interesting finds I came across in my search for snail information is that the majority of snails don't reproduce like humans, or many other mammals at that. In fact, their reproduction methods are incredibly rare in the sense that most snails are hermaphrodites. This means that the snail is both male and female – possessing all necessary elements required to produce both egg and sperm. This means that a snail can reproduce all by itself, isn't that crazy?! While it is possible for snails to reproduce by themselves, they generally prefer to find a mate, because the chance of survival for a baby snail that is self-fertilised is much lower than if they produce with a sexual partner.
One of the most fascinating discoveries I came across is that some species of snail use a mechanism commonly called a 'love dart'. Love darts are made up of calcium and contain hormones that help to enhance reproductive capability of the party that is 'shot' with the dart. Love darts are typically present in snails who have been sexually mature for a while and reproduced in the past. In the final stages of reproduction snails will shoot these love darts into their sexual partners as a part of the mating ritual.
The only problem is that sometimes these darts that are designed to help with successful reproduction, actually have the potential to pass right through the snail on impact and damage vital organs! It's a good thing these snails don't have thought processes like human beings – they are very instinct oriented beings. Otherwise these particular species would probably die out from fear of reproducing!
Save the snail shell!
What a journey that was – I hope you enjoyed learning about snails as much as I did! Remember that all snails are born with their shell and that it is vital for their survival. So, if you're ever in the garden and you see a snail with a cracked shell, you can help the snail by moving it out of the sun so that it doesn't dry out while it's repairing itself. Some people have been recorded to use glue or sticky tape successfully to help fix snail shells, but that might be a level of commitment you're not looking for with your little garden friends. (Or pests, depending on who you ask!)
Huge snail shell
Huge snail shell


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file_exists() and file_get_contents() fail on a file which is named output‹ÕÍÕ¥.txt (as an example), although I know it exists?
I'm guessing its got something to do with the special characters within the file name?.
So was wondering whats a workaround?
Appreciate all responses.
Please note, if your thinking why not simply change the file name? - I can't as the file name is generated generically, and to change the file name will be mean using PHP's file functions (which don't seem to allow special characters within the file name args - unless I've misinterpreted/misunderstood anything).
I'm using PHP 5.2 on Windows.
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Did you have a look at stackoverflow.com/questions/_PHONE_/…? – sdolgy Jul 9 '11 at 13:07
_USER_: There is no need to shell escape for file_exists and the like AFAIK. – hakre Jul 9 '11 at 13:13
_USER_: How do you get the file-name? – hakre Jul 9 '11 at 13:13
1 Answer 1
Ensure that the encoding of the file-system is the same as the encoding of the string that contains the file-name in your PHP code.
Otherwise you're testing for the wrong file to exist.
For example, if your file-system does not support UTF-8 but the file-name is encoded in UTF-8.
So you have commented that the filename is in UTF-8 and you're using windows.
That's exactly the point my answer was about. As written here:
Bad news for Windows Users: Windows filesystems (FAT, FAT32, NTFS) are not UTF-8 aware. Filenames are encoded in ISO-8859-1 or CP437/CP850/( or whatever suits your language) depending on filesystem and localisation. So you will probably get in trouble trying to match filenames from database to filesystem if you follow this guide. (Although I've never tried it.)
Windows workaround: Modern windows versions support UTF-8 on mounted shares. Make a share of your mediafolder and mount it as a network drive.
So either make a share or encode the filename in the encoding that actually works with your filesystem. This is not a bug in PHP. You're just no checking for the right file-name, that's all.
Assuming you have NTFS which might accept UTF-16 (which is not really precise AFAIK, but you can give it a try), you could convert the UTF-8 filename into an UTF-16 fiĺename:
$name = mb_convert_encoding($name, 'UTF-16', 'UTF-8');
And then try if file_exists works. Keep in mind that his might not be technically correct, and you might have an additional encoding issue which prevents you from correct use even with this re-encoding.
Related: What encoding are filenames in NTFS stored as?
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Well according to mb_detect_encoding() the file-name is UTF-8...after some googling I came accross the following bug: _URL_.php?id=46990? so if thats the case then instead of using file-system functions directly could I use exec() (or alike) to rename the file to a file-name in which the file-system functions accept? – newbtophp Jul 9 '11 at 14:16
_USER_: Err, that's exactly the point: Your windows does not support UTF-8 file-names most obviously. And that's not a bug in PHP after all. You'll notice that, if you pass that over to the shell as well. Edited the question for more clarity. You need to take care yourself having the right file-name. – hakre Jul 9 '11 at 14:28
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Distance between Palampur and Manali
Palampur is one of the India city. It is located at the longitude of 76.517655 and latitude of 32.107655. Manali is a India city located at the longitude of 77.157655 and latitude of 32.257655. The total distance between Palampur and Manali is 62 KM (kilometers) and 507.01 meters. The mile based measurement distance is 38.8 miles
Palampur direction from Manali:
Palampur is located nearly west side to Manali.
Travel time from Palampur to Manali
Travel duration from Palampur to Manali is around 1.25 Hours if your travel speed is 50 KM per Hour. Manali travelers are welcome to visit our travel driving direction page for detail information with road map. Traveling from Palampur to Manali is connected by more than one route. Soon you may expect those various travel routes to reach Manali.
palampur travel guide provides the travel distance guide from palampur and the following cities; distance between Palampur and Dalhousie, distance between Palampur and Dehradun, distance between Palampur and Delhi, distance between Palampur and Dharamshala, distance between Palampur and Gaya.
Dear travelers you can publish / write the following travel information about Palampur and Manali if it is applicable.
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text:
From the late nineteenth century through the beginning of World War II, the best jobs available to African Americans in Portland, Oregon were on the dining cars that came through Union Station and at the hotels around it. Because white-owned businesses were largely closed to people of color, a community of black-owned businesses and social organizations grew in the area surrounding the station. A new exhibit at the Oregon Historical Society explores work and lives of Portland's African American railroad workers and their families just in time for the 2013 Martin Luther King, Jr. holiday and National Black History Month.
"All Aboard: Railroading and Portland's Black Community," an exhibit created by Oregon Northwest Black Pioneers and the Oregon Historical, and funded in part by a grant from Oregon Humanities, focuses on the African American railroad workers in Portland in the 1800's through the 1940's and the community that grew around Portland's Union Station over the years. The interactive exhibit, which was assembled with the help of an advisory committee of former railroad workers, children of railroad workers, and local historians, features period uniforms and articles from historical black newspapers, and places the stories of Portland's railroad workers within the context of Oregon's racial history.
The exhibit opened on Tuesday, January 15th, at the Oregon Historical Society Museum, 1200 SW Park Avenue, Portland, OR, and runs through April 21st.
The museum is open 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Monday to Saturday and noon to 5 p.m. Sunday. Admission is free for OHS members and residents of Multnomah County, and $5–$11 for nonmembers and nonresidents. On Monday, January 21st, admission is free in honor of the Martin Luther King, Jr. holiday. For a calendar of related events, visit the OHS website.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
satisfaction n1 a : the act or fact of satisfying
b : execution of an accord by performance of the substituted obligation often used in the phrase accord and satisfaction compare accord, transaction
c : a document indicating that an obligation has been satisfied [a of mortgage]
2 : the quality or state of being satisfied
Source: Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of Law ©1996. Merriam-Webster, Incorporated. Published under license with Merriam-Webster, Incorporated.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Information, Symptoms, Treatments and Resources
Ringworm and Animals
Ringworm and Animals
What is ringworm?
Can animals transmit ringworm to me?
Yes, many different kinds of animals can transmit ringworm to people. Ringworm is transmitted from direct contact with an infected animal's skin or hair. Dogs and cats, especially kittens or puppies, can have ringworm that can be passed to people. Cows, goats, pigs, and horses can pass ringworm to people too. People can also get ringworm from other people and their personal items.
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Tags: ringworm, animals, animal, ringworms, Pets
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1. Engineering
 2. Computer Science
 3. here is the declaration of a struct for the nodes...
Question: here is the declaration of a struct for the nodes...
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Here is the declaration of a struct for the nodes in a singly-linked list: typedef struct intnode int value; struct intnode next; } intnode_t; A function named remove odds takes one argument, a pointer to a linked list in which 0 or more nodes contain odd integers: intnode t remove odds (intnode t *head); The function removes all the nodes containing odd integers from the linked list. The remaining nodes (the ones containing even integers) must remain in the same order that they appear in original linked list. The function returns a pointer to the first node in the modified linked list. For example, suppose variable my_list points to this linked list: my_list 2 and remove_odds is called this w mylistremove_odds (my_list); After remove odds returns, the modified list looks like this: my list remove_odds should return an empty linked list if it passed an empty linked list or if all the nodes contain odd integers. Your remove odds function can call functions from the C standard library (see the crib sheet at the end of this question paper); however, it cannot call any of the linked list functions that were developed in lectures and labs. No marks will be awarded for a solution that allocates new nodes or copies values from one node to another Marks wil be deducted for code that performs more traversals of the linked list than are necessary
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text:
kidzsearch.com > wiki
Optical disc drive
An optical drive is usually a CD drive or DVD drive. Optical means it uses lenses. The drive uses a light called a laser. A laser is the most exact and powerful sort of light but the laser in the drive is very, very small. The CD or DVD disk is similar to a mirror and the laser light reflects off it. The disk has very small () codes written on it. The drive has a very small camera lens beside the laser which can read the codes. Another part of the drive is plugged in to the computer by a wire (inside) and the code goes through the wire as a signal to the computer.


1. Home /
 2. Crusher Ponsel Elang
Crusher Ponsel Elang
Crusher Ponsel Elang
D1 and d2 are parameters that are characteristic of the crusher They are determined primarily by the setting of the crusher Data from operating crusher machines indicate that both d1 and d2 are proportional to the closed side setting d1 is the smallest sie particle that can be retained in the crushing one during the opening phase of the cycle.
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I wonder how is this possible in groovy to start an array from the n element.
Look at the snippet :
static void main(args){
 if (args.length < 2){
 println "Not enough parameters"
 def tools = new BoTools(args[0])
 def action = args[1]
As you see am doing here a dynamic method invocation. The first 2 arguments are taken as some config and method name, the others I would like to use as method paramerts. So how can I do something like this :
Edited : If not possilbe in native groovy Java syntax will do it :
def newArgs = Arrays.copyOfRange(args,2,args.length);
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That System.exit(1) is pointless. Java isn't C. – Esko Mar 18 '12 at 19:28
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1 Answer
up vote 3 down vote accepted
To remove items from the beginning of the args you can use the drop() method. The original args list is not changed:
Other option, like you are trying is to access from N element:
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+1 for range notation. It is tidy and we already know we have >= 2 values. – David Mar 18 '12 at 20:40
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Hidden Brain Puzzle #34: Why Ka-Boom! and Ka-Ching! Go Together
Anger can make people want things more, according to a counterintuitive new study which found that when people associate a product with anger, they desire it more.
Henk Aarts of Utrecht University in the Netherlands and his colleagues showed people a number of objects such as pens and mugs. Before the picture of the object appeared on a screen, Aarts subliminally primed his volunteers with an angry, fearful or neutral face. He found that people later reported wanting the object more when they had been primed with the angry face rather than the fearful face. They also exerted more physical effort in acquiring the object in a subsequent test.
Aarts thinks there is an evolutionary reason for the phenomenon: In a statement issued via Psychological Science, where the paper was published, he said, that in competitive environments such as the struggle over a limited food supply or in battle, "If the food does not make you angry or doesn't produce aggression in your system, you may starve and lose the battle."
In a recent puzzle posted on the Hidden Brain's Facebook page, I asked:
You have to decide whether to buy something. You are most likely to make the purchase when
A) You are angry
B) You are fearful
C) You are angry and fearful
D) You are neither angry nor fearful
The correct answer is A.
Does this theory explain the behavior of all those angry couples we see in movies who patch up fights by having sex?
Tell your friends to sign up to receive puzzles at the Facebook Page of The Hidden Brain.
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I'm attempting to create a simple line chart with d3, however for some reason it's filling between the line and some midpoint. Here's the output:
Line Chart
My javascript is the following:
 var width = 500,
 height = 500,
 padding = 10;
 var extentVisits = d3.extent(visits, function(obj){
 return obj['visits'];
 var extentDates = d3.extent(visits, function(obj){
 return obj['datestamp'];
 var yScale = d3.scale.linear()
 .range([height - padding, padding]);
 var xScale = d3.time.scale()
 .range([0, width]);
 var line = d3.svg.line()
 .x(function(d) {
 return xScale(d['datestamp']);
 .y(function(d) {
 return yScale(d['visits']);
 .attr('width', width)
 .attr('height', height)
 .attr("transform", "translate(5,5)")
 .attr("class", "line")
 .attr('d', line);
Where visits is of the form:
 visits = [{'datestamp': timestampA, 'visits': 1000},
 {'datestamp': timestampB, 'visits': 1500}]
I'm pretty new at d3 so I'm sure it's something simple, but it's driving me crazy.
Thanks in advance.
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1 Answer
up vote 10 down vote accepted
The midpoint you're seeing is just the connection of the first and last point. This is because the path you've created has (by default) a black fill. Even though it's an open path (i.e., the first and last point are not actually connected), if filled, it will appear closed:
The fill operation fills open subpaths by performing the fill operation as if an additional "closepath" command were added to the path to connect the last point of the subpath with the first point of the subpath.
Source: SVG specification via this SO answer
The solution here is to eliminate the fill and instead set a stroke. You can do this directly in JS with d3 or through CSS.
 fill: none;
 stroke: #000;
Demo showing both the CSS and JS method (commented out) on jsFiddle
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text:
Spanish (Spain) Wheat Allergy Card
- Side 1: Spanish 🇪🇸 / Side 2: English 🇺🇸
- Free Shipping (U.S. & U.K.)
Eat Safe in Spain
"Once the waiter read our card, they immediately understood and took my daughter's food allergy seriously."
Travel with a wheat allergy can be difficult as language barriers can result in allergic reactions. Don't stress over how to say wheat allergy in Spanish.
A wheat allergy card in Spanish helps bridge the communication gap, ensuring your request is noted, remembered, and understood.


Connection Queue Information
In Proxy Server, a connection is first accepted by acceptor threads associated with the HTTP listener. The acceptor threads accept the connection and put it into the connection queue. Then, request processing threads take the connection in the connection queue and process the request. For more information, see Connection-Handling Overview.
Connection queue information shows the number of sessions in the connection queue, and the average delay before the connection is accepted by the request processing thread.
The following is an example of how these statistics are displayed in perfdump:
Current/Peak/Limit Queue Length 0/1853/160032
Total Connections Queued _PHONE_
Average Queue Length (1, 5, 15 minutes) 90.35, 89.64, 54.02
Average Queueing Delay 4.80 milliseconds
The following table shows the information displayed in the Admin Console when accessing monitoring information for the server instance:
Table 2–1 Connection Queue Statistics
Present Number of Connections Queued
Total Number of Connections Queued
Average Connections Over Last 1 Minute
Average Connections Over Last 5 Minutes
Average Connections Over Last 15 Minutes
Maximum Queue Size
Peak Queue Size
Number of Connections Overflowed
Ticks Spent
Total Number of Connections Added
Current /Peak /Limit Queue Length
Current/Peak/Limit queue length shows, in order:
If the peak queue length, also known as the maximum queue size, is close to the limit, you can increase the maximum connection queue size to avoid dropping connections under heavy load.
Total Connections Queued
Total Connections Queued is the total number of times a connection has been queued. This number includes newly-accepted connections and connections from the keep-alive system.
This setting is not tunable.
Average Queue Length
The Average Queue Length shows the average number of connections in the queue over the most recent one-minute, five-minute, and 15-minute intervals.
This setting is not tunable.
Average Queuing Delay
The Average Queueing Delay is the average amount of time a connection spends in the connection queue. This represents the delay between when a request connection is accepted by the server and when a request processing thread begins servicing the request. It is the Ticks Spent divided by the Total Connections Queued, and converted to milliseconds.
This setting is not tunable.
Ticks Spent
A tick is a system-dependent value and provided by the tickPerSecond attribute of the server element in stats.xml. The ticks spent value is the total amount of time that connections spent in the connection queue and is used to calculate the average queuing delay.
This setting is not tunable.
Total Number of Connections Added
The new connections added to the connection queue. This setting is not tunable.


text:
Economic Definition of nationalization. Defined.
Offline Version: PDF
Term nationalization Definition: The process of a national government taking over the ownership of a private business or industry, usually in conjunction with a major revolution that establishes a communistic or socialist command economy. Nationalization was a common practice, sort of a fad, during the 1950s,1960s, and 1970s. Even non-revolutionary industrialized countries in Europe jumped onto the nationalization bandwagon. The United States also took at stab at nationalizing passenger train service when Amtrak was established in 1970.


text:
Definition of Rattened
1. ratten [v] - See also: ratten
Click the following link to bring up a new window with an automated collection of images related to the term: Rattened Images
Lexicographical Neighbors of Rattened
Literary usage of Rattened
Below you will find example usage of this term as found in modern and/or classical literature:
1. The Annual Register edited by Edmund Burke (1868)
"The men were not rattened, but Holdsworth's warehouse was blown up, and after the... They were aware that he could not be rattened at Butchers' wheel,..."
2. The Cutlery Trades: An Historical Essay in the Economics of Small-scale by Godfrey Isaac Howard Lloyd (1913)
"If, for example, it was desired to enforce payment of dues by the forgers, the grinders were often rattened in order to stop their work and so bring..."
3. Our Little Life: Essays Consolatory and Domestic with Some Others by Andrew Kennedy Hutchison Boyd (1882)
"And the persons who sit in judgment upon his doctrine, and decide whether or not he shall be rattened, are the ministers of neighbouring congregations : who..."


text: Patellofemoral pain syndrome) PFPS) is one of the most common knee injuries at a young age and is more common in women. Because of pain, muscle weakness and proprioception loss of in knee, these people have a deficit balance. The purpose of this study was Comparison of Land-based physical therapy with Aquatic physical therapy to improvement pain, physical function, static and dynamic balance in patient with PFPS. In this present quasi-experimental study twenty patients with PFPS participated and were divided into two groups: physical therapy on land and water. Subjects in both groups performed three sessions of exercise therapy per week for 8 weeks. In the beginning and at the end of the period, the patients' pain, function, static and dynamic balance respectively was assessed by visual analogue scale, kujala score, sharpend Romberg and star excursion balance test. Data was analyzed using SPSS (version 18) at a significance level of (P ≤ 0.05). In this study, pain, function, static and dynamic balance scores of the both groups significantly improved after the exercise period (P ≤ 0.05). However, there was no significant difference of data between the two groups in pain, function, static and dynamic balance (P ≥ 0.05). The results showed that physical therapy in water and land can be used as a useful and effective method to reduce pain, improve function, static and dynamic balance of PFPS patients. Although the results did not show statistically significant differences between the two groups the difference between two groups in the mean percentage change indicates that the clinical effect of exercise in water is higher than the land. According to these results aquatic physical therapy is recommended as an effective method for the treatment of patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome.


Medical specialty questionnaire is used to help medical students in identifying the areas of specialty during studies. The medical specialty questionnaire guides the person on key areas to note as they made a decision on the specialty of their choice. The questions cover personality, abilities and skills. A medical specialty questionnaire shapes the career of the medical student as they begin to identify choices of specialty. There are various specialty choices including, cardiology, neurology, pediatrics, and plastic surgery among others. The person compares tendencies to certain questions with those rated for various specialties professionals. A sample medical specialty questionnaire is shown below.
Sample Medical Specialty Questionnaire
Answer the following questions selecting from a scale of 1-5 where (1 – least true) and (5- most true)
I tend…
1. To be very assertive when making arguments ___________________________________________________________________
2. To be very organized ___________________________________________________________________
3. To be in charge when in a group ___________________________________________________________________
4. To be demanding on results ___________________________________________________________________
5. To bring energy to people around me ___________________________________________________________________
6. To make independent choices in many areas ___________________________________________________________________
7. To enjoy routine work ___________________________________________________________________
8. To exploring new things ___________________________________________________________________
9. To solve complex issues ___________________________________________________________________
10. To enjoy being part of the decision making process ___________________________________________________________________
11. To attempting solving problems before asking for help ___________________________________________________________________
12. To take initiative in all situations ___________________________________________________________________
13. To solve a problem head on without compromising or delaying ___________________________________________________________________
14. To look up to people I admire ___________________________________________________________________
15. To be a keen listener ___________________________________________________________________
16 To be an excellent observer ___________________________________________________________________
17. To push myself to perfection ___________________________________________________________________
18. To enjoy spending time away from work ___________________________________________________________________


virtual worlds 2009
Dynamic Negotiating
cat February 17th, 2014 by Virtual Keeper
Roles in a dynamic negotiating in social psychology is considered the role is the public personality of each individual, namely the role more or less predictable that it assumes in order to adapt to the society of which it forms part. Roles are role models relative to certain position of the individual in a network of interaction linked to own expectations and others. When a group is switched on they will appear a series of roles in relation to the task. The team members differ in their abilities (intelligence, skills, knowledge and experiences). The composition of the team takes into consideration, especially the complementarity which enriches the team and makes that might be more competitive.
It has into account equally, the demands of the task and the level of internal autonomy that you want for your computer. A good distribution of roles in the team favors: the consciousness of complementarity between the team members. Overcoming internal rivalries in the computer. The participation of all members in the formation of a competitive team. The development of people skills. The motivation of the members of the team.
Each one can play various roles depending on the needs of the team and also, depending on the evolution of individuals. A team role is nothing more than the commitment that takes an individual against his team to be responsible for a specific function of the equipment. Roles created a fit between skills of people and functions of the team each Member of the team has a few roles that sound more familiar (by their personal characteristics and by past experience), the so-called natural roles. But they also have the possibility to learn to assume other roles. Here lies assistance provided equipment to individuals to go to make progress in the development of their skills. Normally, every person has some limits in learning roles and has discarded some behaviors, the so-called avoided roles.
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Do zero onset syllables in English start with a glottal stop?
asked 2015-09-02 10:34:46 -0500
MariaJoy gravatar image
My Arabic professor was explaining how there are no zero-onset syllables in Arabic because if they don't start with another consonant, they at least start with a glottal stop. He said we do the same thing in English -words like 'Alison' and 'Ian' and 'outside, etc. all start with a glott stop, but we aren't trained to hear it. Is this true?
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two people speaking in a video conference
Technology can help you to make a Will during the current measures to manage the coronavirus outbreak.
Here are some things to think about.
Video conferencing
This is certainly one way that technology can help you to prepare your Will. It's so much easier to discuss things when you can see someone.
The process, known as 'taking instructions', can be done via a video conference, and your Will can then be drafted and sent via email or post. Once you have reviewed your draft Will you can have another video conference to go through it in detail and to agree any amendments before the final version is sent to you.
Before taking part in a video conference with your Will writer it is a good idea to collect as much information as you can. This could include a list of your assets such as property, your car, any collections of jewellery or art for example. It's also worth checking your bank accounts, ISAs, investments and savings, because many of us forget what we have.
You will need to appoint someone as your executor to carry out the terms of your Will. Think about who this should be and, ideally, check with them to make sure they are happy to act on your behalf.
Write down any questions you would like to ask, so that you can tick them off as they are covered in the video conference, and so that you remember to ask them at the end if they haven't been answered.
However, your Will can't be witnessed during a video conference. Your witnesses must by physically present when you sign your Will.
Validity of your Will
This is the part of the process that can't yet be replaced by technology. To make a valid Will you must sign and date it and this must be witnessed by two people who are present at the same time. While there have been discussions about changing this requirement during the coronavirus outbreak, it hasn't yet been changed.
Your witnesses must be independent and not related to you. If beneficiaries of your Will or their spouses or civil partners are witnesses, they will lose their inheritance.
However, there are a lot of different ways to make sure your Will is properly signed and witnessed while still following the social distancing rules
Proof of identity
Whoever is helping you to prepare your Will must confirm your identity. This might involve sharing the details of your:
birth certificate
driving licence
armed forces ID card
HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC) tax document (such as a self-assessment tax return)
police or other government department ID card
benefit book or notification letter outlining your right to benefits.
They will also need proof of residency. As long as you haven't already used them as proof of your identity, you can do this with:
a household utility bill (gas and electricity, dated within the last three months)
driving licence
bank statement
benefit book or notification letter, outlining your right to benefits
house or car insurance certificate
Council Tax statement
local authority rent card or tenancy agreement.
While it's important that you can prove who you are and your address, this information could also be used by criminals to steal your identity, so you must be confident that you are working with a legitimate, trained and regulated professional. Check the company's registration at Companies House and look for independent reviews and testimonials.
If you or anyone you know would like more advice on creating or amending a Will during the coronavirus outbreak, please do get in touch
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phrases, sayings, proverbs and idioms at
Home button Home | Search the website Search | Phrase Dictionary | Pull yourself up by your bootstraps
The meaning and origin of the expression: Pull yourself up by your bootstraps
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Pull yourself up by your bootstraps
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What's the meaning of the phrase 'Pull yourself up by your bootstraps'?
To 'pull yourself up by your bootstraps' is to improve your situation by your own unaided efforts.
What's the origin of the phrase 'Pull yourself up by your bootstraps'?
Pull yourself up by your bootstrapsThe origin of this descriptive phrase isn't known. It refers of course to boots and the straps that some boots have attatched to help the wearer pull them on and to the imagined feat of a lifting oneself off the ground by pulling on one's bootstraps. This impossible task is supposed to exemplify the achievement in getting out of a difficult situation by one's own efforts.
Some early computers used a process called bootstrapping which alludes to this phrase. This involved loading a small amount of code which was then used to progressively load more complex code until the machine was ready for use. This led to the use of the term 'booting' to mean starting up a computer. An early citation of this in print comes from the Proceedings of the institute of radio engineers (IRE), 1953:
A technique sometimes called the 'bootstrap technique'…Pushing the load button... causes one full word to be loaded into a memory address previously set up... on the operator's panel, after which the program control is directed to that memory address and the computer starts automatically.
An electrical engineer correspondent of mine says that bootstrap was used with the same meaning as above to early radio circuits, before the computer era, but I have no documentary evidence to support that assertion.


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TODAY'S TED TALK – How racism makes us sick
17:27 minutes · TEDMED 2016
Why does race matter so profoundly for health? David R. Williams developed a scale to measure the impact of discrimination on well-being, going beyond traditional measures like income and education to reveal how factors like implicit bias, residential segregation and negative stereotypes create and sustain inequality. In this eye-opening talk, Williams presents evidence for how racism is producing a rigged system — and offers hopeful examples of programs across the US that are working to dismantle discrimination. Watch now »
more videos below … ********
PLAYLIST OF THE DAY
Talks to help you understand racism in America
For black Americans, the far-reaching effects of racism are felt daily. From passionate pleas for reform to poetic turns of phrase, these speakers take an honest look at everyday realities and illuminate the way forward.
Watch » 9 talks · Total run time 1:57:47


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Import duplicate company data to use for testing [AX 2012]
Updated: February 1, 2013
In Microsoft Dynamics AX 2009, the duplicate company feature was used extensively to copy data from one company to another. The feature was also used to build development or test environments, and deployment scenarios that moved data from one environment to another. However, this feature became obsolete in Microsoft Dynamics AX 2012.
We recommend that you use the Microsoft Dynamics AX data export and import feature to support scenarios that previously required the duplicate company feature.
Company, or DataArea, can no longer be used as a data security boundary. Because of changes that were made to the organization model in Microsoft Dynamics AX 2012, data is no longer related to a company or legal entity in a simple relationship that is defined by setting the SaveDataPerCompany metadata property of a table to Yes. Because data relationships are now defined through the Relations metadata property, it is not easy to duplicate all data that is related to a legal entity. Therefore, it may not make business sense to duplicate the data that is related to a legal entity. For example, we created organizational hierarchies in which legal entities and business units have a complex relationship. There is no parent/child relationship between business units and legal entities. Therefore, the duplication of business units based on legal entities in the system is erroneous.
Follow these steps to use an existing legal entity as a template for other legal entities.
 1. Create a legal entity to use as a template.
 For more information, see Create or modify a legal entity.
 2. Set all configuration data for the legal entity.
 3. Use the Microsoft Dynamics AX data export and import feature to export the legal entity to a.dat file, such as TMP.dat.
 1. Before you export data, you must create a definition group.
 For more information, see Create definition groups for import and export.
 2. To export configuration data, include the following table groups: Reference, Parameter, Group, Framework, and Miscellaneous.
 To export master data, you must also include the tables that are in the Main table group.
 Do not include the tables that are in the Transaction, Transaction header, Transaction line, Worksheet, Worksheet header, and Worksheet line table groups. These tables include transaction data.
 For a detailed list of all the tables in a table group, see Table group reference.
 4. In the new environment, create new legal entities, and then import the.dat file that you created into each entity individually.
 Shared and per-company data is imported. When other legal entities are subsequently imported into the new legal entities, the shared data is merged.
 For more information, see Import data from another instance of Microsoft Dynamics AX.
You can use the Microsoft Dynamics AX data import and export feature to import and modify transaction data. However, it can be difficult to create a duplicate environment for transaction data if the SaveDataPerCompany property of tables is set to No. Instead, we recommend that you use the backup and restore functionality in Microsoft SQL Server to build demo environments in which minor configuration changes can be made to illustrate specific Microsoft Dynamics AX features.
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Basketball Traveling Rules
Basketball Traveling
What is a Travel?
Traveling is a violation in basketball that occurs when a player takes too many steps without dribbling. The usual rule of thumb is that a player may only take two steps without dribbling; three steps is a travel. However, in reality this rule is much more complicated.
When Does a Travel Occur?
Traveling may occur when a player receives the ball while moving or stationary, or when a player starts dribbling. When a player receives the ball, they must establish a pivot foot.
Pivot Foot
Basketball Pivot Foot
A pivot foot is the foot that must remain in the same spot on the floor. The other foot is allowed to move in any direction any number of times, as long as the pivot foot remains put. If the pivot foot moves or leaves the ground, it will result in a travel.
If a player receives the ball with two feet on the ground, either foot may be used as a pivot foot. If a player receives the ball in the air, whichever foot touches the ground first is the pivot foot. If a player receives the ball in the air and both feet hit the ground at the same time, either foot may be used as the pivot. This is known as a jump stop.
A jump stop counts as one step. A player is allowed to use a pivot after a jump stop unless there was a step before the jump stop.
The pivot foot may move when passing or shooting, but the ball must be released before the pivot foot touches the ground again. A player can also move their pivot foot when dribbling,however, the ball must be released before moving the pivot foot to avoid a traveling violation.
Other Traveling Situations
There are other specific situations in basketball that are traveling violations:
 - If a player in possession of the ball falls to the ground, it is a travel.
 - If a player on the ground, holding the ball, stands up without dribbling, it is considered a travel. However, a player retrieving a loose ball is allowed to slide on the court without being called for a travel.
 - If a player receives the ball while running, they are allowed up to two steps before either stopping, passing, or shooting;if the player wishes to dribble in this scenario, they must release the ball before their second step. Any more than two steps will result in a traveling violation. For example, a player going for a layup is allowed two steps on their way to the basket. If three steps are taken, the player will be called for traveling and the shot will not be counted.
Calling Traveling
basketball referee hand signal traveling
The penalty for a traveling violation is a turnover to the other team. The other team will receive the ball at the out of bounds point that is closest to the spot where the travel occurred. A referee calls a traveling violation while simultaneously signaling the violation with circular arm movements. You may see fans, players and coaches may mimic this motion when they believe their opponent has committed a traveling violation.


How to Eat Mochi
Japan has a wide range of exotic foods that foreign visitors are sure to enjoy. Mochi is certainly a popular treat.
Mochi, also known as rice cakes, are something of a delicacy in Japan. Mochi can also be eaten in a range of different ways depending on the context - it can be eaten in ceremonies and functions, such as in New Year ceremonies.
But how exactly do you eat mochi?
Safety Precautions
Before we go on with the different types of mochi, let's just make one quick note - take little bites and make sure that you chew the mochi thoroughly before you swallow.
If you don't follow this advice, it can sometimes result in the mochi getting stuck in your throat as it is quite sticky.
As a Dessert
Mochi is most commonly eaten as a dessert, and boy are there a lot of desserts!
First of all is Daifuku. This translates to 'big' (Dai) and 'luck' (Fuku). This is a little round mochi, and inside of it is a filling that's usually sweet. Azuki red bean paste is just one example of a filling.
Kinako Mochi is also pretty intriguing. This is made out of mochi and roasted soy flour. It's a sweet treat with a delectable texture that you're sure to enjoy.
You can also get something called Ichigo Daifuku. Ichigo translates to 'strawberry.' As the name suggests, it's pretty similar to daifuku but the strawberry part is the important thing to remember. It tastes very sweet and yet is rather chewy thanks to the mochi part.
Mochi ice cream is also pretty popular. It's a little ball of mochi and it has a filling inside. That's right, ice cream! This is any sugar lover's dream. Before eating, allow the mochi ice cream to warm up for a couple of minutes so the dough can return to normal before you eat. This will make it much easier to bite. You can even add mochi ice cream to other desserts and dishes such as espresso or ice cream sandwiches.
In a Dish
Mochi is most commonly known for its function in various desserts, but did you know that it can also be used in various dishes?
For instance, it is sometimes used in Zoni. This is a soup that is traditionally eaten on New Year's Day.
So the next time that you are interested in some Japanese cuisine, you should certainly try mochi! This delicious food is truly something to enjoy when you visit Japan.
We hope you like it!


How Many Hz Are In A Meter?
How do you calculate Hz?
Frequency is expressed in Hz (Frequency = cycles/seconds).
To calculate the time interval of a known frequency, simply divide 1 by the frequency (e.g.
a frequency of 100 Hz has a time interval of 1/(100 Hz) = 0.01 seconds; 500 Hz = 1/(500Hz) = 0.002 seconds, etc.).
Is Hertz meters per second?
property>frequency The SI unit for frequency is the hertz (Hz), which is equal to 1/s, or once per second.
What is the wavelength of 10 Hz?
RegionWavelengthFrequencyVisible (red)700 nm4.3 × 1014 HzInfrared10000 nm3 × 1013 HzMicrowave1 cm30 GHzMicrowave/Radio10 cm3GHz9 more rows
How many cycles per second is GHz?
Please share if you found this tool useful:Conversions Table1 Gigahertz to Cycles Per Second = 100000000070 Gigahertz to Cycles Per Second = 700000000002 Gigahertz to Cycles Per Second = 200000000080 Gigahertz to Cycles Per Second = 8000000000013 more rows
How do you convert Hz to meters?
f = c / λ = wave speed c (m/s) / wavelength λ (m). The formula for time is: T (period) = 1 / f (frequency). λ = c / f = wave speed c (m/s) / frequency f (Hz). The unit hertz (Hz) was once called cps = cycles per second….How do you convert Hz to meters?Hertz [Hz]Wavelength In Metres [m]1 Hz299792458 m2 Hz149896229 m2 more rows•Feb 21, 2020
How long is a 100 Hz wavelength?
4 metersA 100-Hz sound wave has a wavelength of 4 meters.
What is Hertz equal to?
Frequency is the rate at which current changes direction per second. It is measured in hertz (Hz), an international unit of measure where 1 hertz is equal to 1 cycle per second. Hertz (Hz) = One hertz is equal to one cycle per second. Cycle = One complete wave of alternating current or voltage.
What is the wavelength of 500 Hz?
23. (b) The wavelength of a 500-Hz tone in air is l = (345 m/s)/(500 s-1) = 0.69 m.
How many seconds are in a Hz?
Convert Cycles Per Second to Hertz A period of 1 second is equal to 1 Hertz frequency. Period is the inverse of frequency: 1 Hz = 1 cps. 1 Hertz: Hertz is the SI base unit of frequency defined as one cycle per second.
How fast is 1 Hz?
One hertz simply means "one cycle per second" (typically that which is being counted is a complete cycle); 100 Hz means "one hundred cycles per second", and so on. The unit may be applied to any periodic event—for example, a clock might be said to tick at 1 Hz, or a human heart might be said to beat at 1.2 Hz.
What is the wavelength of 60 Hz?
In comparison, a power frequency field at 60 Hz has a wavelength of more than 3000 miles – about the distance from Los Angeles to New York!
How long is a 40 Hz wave?
around 28 feetwavelength can be found by dividing the speed of sound in feet which is 1,130 feet / second by the frequency we need to find the length of. Dividing 1,130 by 40 produces a quotient of around 28 feet. Therefore, a 40 Hz. wave is 28 feet long.
What does a frequency of 10 Hz equal?
Metaphorically speaking, 10 Hz is the natural idle speed of the brain's "engine" at rest, and lower speeds lead to "sputtering" in sensorimotor function (since sensorimotor stimuli cannot facilitate perceptual processing optimally at frequencies <10 hz).
Is Hertz same as FPS?
What are the three units of frequency?
Given this definition, it is reasonable that the quantity frequency would have units of cycles/second, waves/second, vibrations/second, or something/second. Another unit for frequency is the Hertz (abbreviated Hz) where 1 Hz is equivalent to 1 cycle/second.
Is 60hz good for gaming?
What is the wavelength of 1 Hz?
For sound waves in air, the speed of sound is 343 m/s. The wavelength of a tuning fork (440 Hz) is thus equal to approximately 0.78 m. In SI units, the unit of frequency is the hertz (Hz). 1 Hz means that an event repeats once every second.


text:
- About Us
- Our Events
Indigenous people have a shorter life expectancy - around 18 to 19 years less than non-indigenous people. The average life span is 57 years for an Aboriginal male and 62 years for an Aboriginal female. The most common causes of death include:
- Circulatory diseases - including heart disease and stroke. The number of deaths caused by conditions such as coronary heart disease is double that of the non-indigenous population.
- Diabetes - and other diseases of the endocrine system. The rate of diabetes is six times higher among indigenous people. It is estimated that diabetes affects between 10 to 30 per cent of the Aboriginal population.
- Injuries - sustained in accidents such as car crashes. An indigenous person is three times more likely to die in an accident than a non-indigenous person. The Aboriginal population also has high rates of suicide and homicide.
- Respiratory system diseases - deaths from chronic disease are three to five times more common. Around half of the diseases are caused by infections. Respiratory infections are 10 times more common in the indigenous population.
- Cancer - particularly lung, cervical and liver cancer. According to the South Australian Cancer Registry, the death rate among the indigenous population is higher because the cancers are typically diagnosed at a later stage.
Babana has a key aim of improving the health of our community and we have worked with key organisations to provide programs that can assist. We would like to thank the Redfern Police and the Aboriginal Health Promotion Unit for their ongoing support of our health program.
We run a weekly health walking program which is attended by both Aboriginal and Non Aboriginal members of our community. We meet each Sunday (weather permitting) at the Babana shed and proceed for a walk followed by breakfast.


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Map of Alberta Townships in Canada
You can easily create a map of Alberta Townships in Canada using Mapline. The township system was first introduced in Canada in the late 1700s. Township is the basic land survey division of land. It refers to the district or area associated with a town. Using Mapline, you can easily create a map of Alberta townships in Canada. In Alberta province, townships are not used in administrative units. Rather, they are used for the purpose of land division by Dominion Land Survey. They are recognizable by their township number and range number.
Steps to Create a Canada Township Map
- Create a Mapline account and login.
- Click the orange "Add New Items" button.
- Select "New Map" on the drop down arrow.
- Give your map a name and click "OK."
- Click the "Add" button from the left sidebar.
- Select the "Territories" option.
- Click "From Mapline's Repository."
- From the "Territories" select "Canada Townships – Alberta."
- Select how you want your boundaries to be colored in "Fill Color" (Random Colors, Uniform Color, Dynamic heat map colors, or Custom colors from spreadsheet).
- Click "OK."


Forest Therapy
Nature Based Therapy
Forest Therapy is a nature based therapy or treatment intervention designed to support people with specific needs. It is grounded in the Forest Bathing practise of sensory connection through immersion in the forest atmosphere. A Forest Therapist works in partnership with healthcare professionals to create and design therapeutic nature based programmes.
Forest Therapy can be a supportive, complementary therapy for many different populations. Nature Interventions and Green Prescriptions can be designed for Wellness, Stress Management, Rehabilitation, Mental Health and Cancer Patients. It is a guided practise to enhance physical, mental and social wellbeing of the group. Each programme or course is precisely tailored to meet clients requirements.
Participants are given the tools to develop their stress management skills. Forest Therapy increases a sense of purpose through nature connectedness, leading to enhanced self awareness. This in turn improves individuals mood, reduces anxiety and empowers them with better emotional control. Knock on effects include more energy, higher levels of focus and creativity, more meaningful engagement in activities and higher self esteem. Many trees give off organic compounds called phytoncides,which increases our NK (natural killer cells ) which increase our white blood cells, helping to fight disease and infections.


text:
There are three FAI Rotorcraft Certificates of Proficiency: Bronze, Silver and Gold (see Sporting Code, Section 9, Chapter 7).
The levels of pilot experience achieved throughout the scheme are recognised by the award of the appropriate Certificate when the minimum requirements are met or exceeded. The form and the colour of the badges are valid internationally.
How to order a Certificate of Proficiency
Requirements for Certificates of Proficiency
The following licences are to be submitted and experience to be proved :
In addition one of the following requirements must be met:
In addition three of the following requirements must be met:
In addition four of the following requirements must be met:
The FAI keeps a list of the names of all pilots holding Certificates of Proficiency.


The Fresh Loaf
News & Information for Amateur Bakers and Artisan Bread Enthusiasts
How to calculate the percentage of protein in #50 of grain?
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curvesarein's picture
I have seen organic companies that say 14% protein content, others 12%, but how do you figure that? I currently found an organic wheat with no pesticide use or genetically altered, but it says 6 grams of protein for 1/4 cup.
mrfrost's picture
Different types of wheat have different protein levels, usually. Hard red spring wheat is usually said to have the highest protein. There are several types of wheat, red, white, hard, soft, spring, winter; all with varying protein levels.
So you have to know the wheat. Take flourgirl, for instance. She grows her own wheat, so she knows her hard red spring wheat(for example) should have a certain protein level. Even so, the accurate, precise levels have to be determined by taking samples of each crop, and having it scientifically tested.
Hope this is what you are asking. If you are speaking of reading a product nutrition label to determine a precise protein %, you usually can't.
BakerBen's picture
You know one of the two things to calculate Protein % - there are 6 grams of protein in 1/4 cup of this organic flour. If you knew the exact weight of a 1/4 cup of this flour in grams then you could calculate the Protein % for this particular flour. It would be
Protein % = (6g * 100) / (number of grams in 1/4 cup flour)
for example, if a cup of this flour weighed 120 grams then 1/4 cup = 30 g and the formula would yield
Protein % = (6g * 100) / 30g
 = 600g / 30g
 = 20 %
This is the math for this one EXAMPLE.
We know the flour most likely does not have a Protein % = 20 %, so what do you really need to know:
- again what does 1/4 cup of this flour weigh in grams, and
- what is the EXACT - or at least a much more precise - number of grams of protein in 1/4 cup of this flour (e.g. protein in grams to 4 decimal places).
hope this helps.
Chuck's picture
What you really care about is the gluten content. It's quite often true that nearly all the protein in wheat is the two components of gluten ...but not exactly and not always. My personal suggestion is to always ask about "gluten", but be willing to accept "protein" numbers instead if that's all you can get.
The federally mandated "nutrition label" usually will not work, because it's "serving size" is too small so the gluten differences you care about get lost in the roundoff errors. The law apparently wasn't really intended for flour, and isn't very useful to home bakers; it's nice that you can always find that "nutrition label", but in fact it isn't worth very much to you.
Hopefully the miller knows the gluten content (to the nearest tenth of a percent) and will tell you when asked. Otherwise your options are to i) ask other customers (less likely with a local miller) or ii) have a lab analyse it (expensive) or iii) ask the miller for the results of their lab analysis (but they'll probably just tell you to shove it if you're not a large quantity customer like a bakery) or iv) figure out some way to measure the gluten yourself at home (messy, troublesome, and not very accurate).
An alternative is to just buy it anyway, and take it home and see how long it takes for a dough to feel like a rubber ball - you'll figure it out pretty quickly.
Beware that you want a particular value, not just "more is better". It's fairly easy to get too much gluten, which makes great bagels and pizza dough but will probably result in bread that's too "chewy".
Chuck's picture
it says 6 grams of protein for 1/4 cup
This sounds to me like the equivalent of a "nutrition label", so inexact as to be pretty much useless. A "cup" can be anywhere from 105 to 150 grams. And the amount of "protein" can be anywhere from 5.5 to 6.5, all of which will be legitimately rounded off to 6.
Depending on which values I choose, protein content could be anywhere from 14% to 21%. That's a huge difference when only about 1% separates the typically available King Arthur "All Purpose" and "Bread" flour lines.
In any case (unless a very significant portion of this "protein" is not gluten), this flour seems to me to have much too high a gluten content to make decent bread by itself. It would need to be mixed with some other flour with a much lower gluten content. What does the miller advise? What do other customers do?
curvesarein's picture
curvesarein has organic wheat kernal,- hard red wheat with 1/4 cup (46 grams) with 6 grams peotein, Hubby says you take the 6 grams and divide by 46 which gives you 13%. Does this make sense?
INGREDIENTS: Organic Hard Red Wheat Berries.
Nutrition Facts
Serving Size: 1/4 cup (46 g)
Servings per Container: About 493 (50 lb. size)
Servings per Container: About 246 (25 lb. size)
Servings per Container: About 49 (5 lb. size)
Nutrient Amount %DV
Calories 150
Calories from Fat 5
Total Fat 0.5 g 1%
Trans Fat -- g
Sodium 0 mg 0%
Total Carbohydrate 33 g 11%
Dietary Fiber 6 g 24%
Protein 6 g
Iron 10%
Chuck's picture
take the 6 grams and divide by 6 which gives you 13%. Does this make sense?
Sorta. It's misstated. And I still disagree.
It should be 46 divided by 6 (not 6 divided by 6).
And I still think the serving size is small enough to allow the "rounding error" to make this number not all that useful. Since the reported "6 grams" could really have been anything from "5.5 grams" to "6.5 grams" before rounding, even with your more exact definition of what "1/4 cup" is (i.e. 46 grams), my calculations give a protein content range of 11.9% - 14.1% ...and that's a fairly big difference.
 I'm talking wheat kernal, not flour,
 I may be courting a "stoopid award" here, but: I personally suspect it may not make much difference. If the kernels have that much protein, and you have to grind them into flour to make bread, then the flour is likely to have about that much protein too.
 (Of course if you have some way to closely control the grind and produce either "white flour" or "whole wheat flour", the resulting gluten content may be significantly different from the kernels you started with.)
 curvesarein's picture
 Weigh 1/4 cup of the wheat.
 Divide 6g by the weight in grams of 1/4 cup of wheat and multiply by 100.
 The result will be the percentage of protein in the wheat.
 Chuck's picture
 Here the math is correct, but failing to allow for "rounding error" puts it in the context of misleading at best.
 (In my experience, Yahoo Answers is quite often off the reservation:-)
 curvesarein's picture
 I guess I will play ignorant like I did in the 80's when I bought wheat from the mormons. I asked no questions and just bought and baked. So the real criteria is if when I grind it and make bread what the bread come out like! :) I always hated math and failed algebra. That was a typo, I corrected a few minutes later on the 46 grams.
 flourgirl51's picture
 When farmers sell their grain to the mill they have the option for it to be tested for protein levels. The higher the protein level, the more that they get for their grain if they choose to get it tested. After the wheat is sold to the mills, many times the low protein and high protein wheats are blended together to make a medium level flour as it is not easy to get a high protein crop and low protein wheat is more prevalent.
 We grow our own certified organic wheat and have the protein tested in each load of wheat that we grow. There are many variables in obtaining high protein wheat such as the variety of wheat grown, growing conditions and the amount of nitrogen in the soil as that is key to getting a good crop of high protein wheat.
 We are also a certified seed dealer and our wheat is tested by State labs for various things including protein levels and we have been fortunate to have good protein levels so far.
 There are other variables as to how your bread will turn out. Every baker treats the handling of the dough differently. People that don't measure the temp. of their liquids when using yeast can easily kill the yeast if the liquids are too warm. If the salt comes in direct contact with the yeast that can also


text: Porthcurno was once the largest telegraph station in the world. The Grade II listed Eastern House was constructed in 1904 due to overcrowding in the original telegraph station. During World War Two, the strategic importance of the telegraph station meant that it needed protection from enemy bombers. The now Grade II* listed Tunnels were dug into the granite hillside and the station was moved underground in 1941. Above the beach sits the Grade II listed Cable House built in 1929. As the only remaining intact Cable House in the world, it houses the terminals for the 14 undersea cables the come into Porthcurno.


May 25, 2017
Galápagos Island Coffee: Why Altitude Isn't Everything
Welcome to the Galápagos Islands. 13 major islands, 6 smaller islands, and numerous islets that are full of unique biodiversity, some of which you canút find anywhere else in the world. It's such a unique island and it should defintely be on your bucket list. Flight details are very easy to find so it should be easy to plan your trip!
And while coffee may not be a plant exclusive to the Galápogos Islands, something about it here is unusual. It's widely accepted that coffee grown at higher altitudes is better quality â€" especially when it's close to the equator, like this archipelago is. Yet specialty-grade coffee is grown at surprisingly low altitudes here, from 200 to 300 m.a.s.l.
So I spoke to Wilson Gonzalez of Productora de Café Galápagos to find out more about coffee in the Galápagos Islands â€" and why altitude isn't always an indicator of quality.
Lee este artÃculo en EspaÃ±ol: Café de la Isla Galápagos: Por Qué la Altitud No lo es Todo
Coffee trees growing under shade on the Galápagos Islands. Credit: Expigo
What Does Altitude Have to Do With Coffee Quality?
Although coffee grows in hot climates, coffee grown at cooler temperatures will often be better quality. This is because the beans will ripen more slowly, developing more sugars and complexity as they do so.
Generally speaking, the higher the altitude, the cooler the temperature. However, this will vary depending on the country's latitude. The farther it is from the equator, the cooler the temperature usually becomes.
For this reason, a coffee grown at a lower altitude in Hawaii could have more sweetness than a higher altitude Venezuelan (or it could not â€" there are many factors that affect sweetness, including plant species/variety, production and processing methods, and roasting/brewing).
High-altitude coffee is also known as hard beans, or dense coffee, and it will affect how the beans need to be roasted. While roasters, baristas, and consumers all see high altitude as a sign of good coffee, it can result in decreased yields for producers.
SEE ASLO: Why Does Altitude Matter? Part II â€" A VIDEO Guide
So, given that the Galapágos Islands sit on the equator, why do they break the rules?
Galapagos Islands. Credit: with modifications by Michiel1972 via Wikimedia Commons, Public Domain
Coffee Production on The Galápagos Islands
First of all, a quick overview of coffee production on these islands: Wilson tells me that, around 135 years ago, the first coffee seeds were brought here from French colonies in the Caribbean (stopping in Panama along the way). These were Bourbon seeds, and Bourbon remains the main variety grown on these islands today.
Other varieties were introduced 40â€"50 years ago by emigrants from the Loja Province of Ecuador: Caturra, Typica, CatuaÃ, Sachimorâ€¦ You'll mostly find these these on Santa Cruz Island.
Wilson Gonzalez checks coffee trees. Credit: Expigo
Harvesting & Processing
The main producing islands are San CristÃ³bal and Santa Cruz; more than 90% of the archipelago's population lives on these islands. As of such, they account for 80% of the archipelago's coffee.
William tells me that most of the coffee is also hand-picked, and the vast majority is washed processed, with dry processing accounting for the rest.
What's more, the Galápagos Islands are one of those few regions with two coffee harvests a year: February to March and November to December. This is thanks to the Humboldt current.
Expigo's coffee mill on the Galápagos Islands. Credit: Expigo
Sea Currents & Altitude
The Galápagos Islands sit on the equator, meaning there's intense sunshine from 6am to 6pm, with little variation throughout the year. Add to that low altitude, and you'd expect poor-quality coffee.
Yet although the islands receive intense sun, they don't receive intense heat. In fact, William describes the climate as similar to what you'd expect at 1,200â€"1,300 m.a.s.l. Even in the hottest months, the temperature rarely reaches above 30/31Â°C. And in July to September, the dry season, it can drop below 20Â°C.
William explains that this because of the Humboldt Current. A low-salinity ocean current, it flows north along the west coast of South America from the Southern Cone up to northern Peru and out to the Galapágos Islands. It brings with it cool marine breezes that bring down land temperature.
This is part of the reason why low-altitude coffee from the Galápagos Islands can taste and roast like high-altitude coffee from other parts of the Americas.
Coffee trees growing on the Galápagos Islands. Credit: Expigo
What Does Coffee From The Galápagos Islands Taste Like?
William tells me that coffee from the Galápagos Islands is typically sweet, with a caramel flavor, medium body, high aroma, and nice acidity.
Part of the reason for this delicious profile is the unique microclimate, with the cool sea breezes and ocean current. It can also be attributed to the varieties; for example, Bourbon tends to be sweet. Then there's the careful processing and production methods.
Soil quality is another key aspect: the Galápagos Islands were created from the frequent eruption of volcanoes over time. The layering of these â€" at the time, underwater â€" volcanoes built up until they emerged from the ocean. Volcanic soil is rich in nutrients, such as nitrogen, which is particularly important for growing and harvesting coffee.
If you were to look at the low altitude of the Galápagos Islands, and their position on the equator, it would be easy to write them off as a bad region for coffee production. Yet many factors influence coffee quality: altitude, yes, but also ocean/air currents, geographic location, local microclimates, soil, processing, and more.
Whether it's from Brazil or Ecuador, it's important to always look at range of information available about a coffee. Or, even better, judge for yourself based on how it tastes in the cup.
Perfect Daily Grind


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Part of a fountain pen that fills using a sack mechanism. The pressure bar is a flat piece of metal (usually brass) that sits between the sack and the barrel of the pen. It is manipulated from an input on the outside of the pen (typically a button at the end of the barrel, or a lever on the side of the pen).
This manipulation either moves or bows the pressure bar, which, in turn, compresses the sack. Everything in the sack is expelled, including ink and air (be careful where you point that thing!). Once the pressure on the bar is removed, the sack is allowed to expand. A vacumm is created, drawing in whatever the surrounds the nib (again, ink, air, or water).
As mentioned buttons and levers are the most common methods of manipulating a pressure bar.


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DataTable.Merge Method (DataTable)
Merge the specified DataTable with the current DataTable.
Namespace: System.Data
Assembly: System.Data (in
public void Merge (
 DataTable table
public void Merge (
 DataTable table
public function Merge (
 table : DataTable
Not applicable.
The DataTable to be merged with the current DataTable.
The Merge method is used to merge two DataTable objects that have largely similar schemas. A merge is typically used on a client application to incorporate the latest changes from a data source into an existing DataTable. This allows the client application to have a refreshed DataTable with the latest data from the data source.
The merge operation takes into account only the original table, and the table to be merged. Child tables are not affected or included. If a table has one or more child tables, defined as part of a relationship, each child table must be merged individually.
When performing a merge, changes made to the existing data before the merge are preserved by default during the merge operation. Developers can modify this behavior by calling one of the other two overloads for this method, and specifying a false value for the preserveChanges parameter.
In a client application, it is usual to have a single button that the user can click that gathers the changed data and validates it before sending it back to a middle tier component. In this scenario, the GetChanges method is first invoked. That method returns a second DataTable optimized for validating and merging. This second DataTable object contains only the DataRow objects that were changed, resulting in a subset of the original DataTable. This subset is generally smaller and thus more efficiently passed back to a middle tier component. The middle tier component then updates the original data source with the changes through stored procedures. The middle tier can then send back either a new DataTable that includes original data and the latest data from the data source (by running the original query again), or it can send back the subset with any changes that have been made to it from the data source. (For example, if the data source automatically creates unique primary key values, these values can be propagated back to the client application.) In either case, the returned DataTable can be merged back into the client application's original DataTable with the Merge method.
When merging a new source DataTable into the target, any source rows with a DataRowState value of Unchanged, Modified, or Deleted, is matched to target rows with the same primary key values. Source rows with a DataRowState value of Added are matched to new target rows with the same primary key values as the new source rows.
The following console application creates a simple DataTable and adds data to the table. The example then creates a copy of the table, adding rows to the copy. Finally, the example calls the Merge method to merge the data in the second table with the data in the first table.
private static void DemonstrateMergeTable()
 DataTable table1 = new DataTable("Items");
 // Add columns
 DataColumn column1 = new DataColumn("id", typeof(System.Int32));
 DataColumn column2 = new DataColumn("item", typeof(System.Int32));
 // Set the primary key column.
 table1.PrimaryKey = new DataColumn[] { column1 };
 // Add RowChanged event handler for the table.
 table1.RowChanged +=
 new System.Data.DataRowChangeEventHandler(Row_Changed);
 // Add some rows.
 DataRow row;
 row = table1.NewRow();
 row["id"] = i;
 row["item"] = i;
 // Accept changes.
 PrintValues(table1, "Original values");
 // Create a second DataTable identical to the first.
 DataTable table2 = table1.Clone();
 // Add three rows. Note that the id column can't be the
 // same as existing rows in the original table.
 row = table2.NewRow();
 row["id"] = 14;
 row["item"] = 774;
 row = table2.NewRow();
 row["id"] = 12;
 row["item"] = 555;
 row = table2.NewRow();
 row["id"] = 13;
 row["item"] = 665;
 // Merge table2 into the table1.
 PrintValues(table1, "Merged With table1");
private static void Row_Changed(object sender,
 DataRowChangeEventArgs e)
 Console.WriteLine("Row changed {0}\t{1}",
 e.Action, e.Row.ItemArray[0]);
private static void PrintValues(DataTable table, string label)
 // Display the values in the supplied DataTable:
 foreach (DataRow row in table.Rows)
 foreach (DataColumn col in table.Columns)
 Console.Write("\t " + row[col].ToString());
.NET Framework
Supported in: 3.0, 2.0
.NET Compact Framework
Supported in: 2.0
XNA Framework
Supported in: 1.0
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Display Portatile Milk
The portable display is a practical and functional device and it is useful to simplify the work of the farmer
The system is made of a model MILK 200 and a portable display with radio transmission. The aim of the system is to distribute known quantities reading the value on the display. The quantity to be distributed is contained in the tank which uses the Milk 200 weighing system. Through a specific key the Display shows the actual weight of the milk being discharged removing the burden of the calculation from the operator.
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text:
View to Lunga
, across Scotland's "Grey Dog" tidal race.
Tidal race (or tidal rapid) is a natural occurrence whereby a fast moving tide passes through a constriction resulting in the formation of waves, eddies and hazardous currents. The constriction can be a passage where the sides narrow, for example the Gulf of Corryvreckan and the Saltstraumen maelstrom, or an underwater obstruction (a reef or rising seabed), such as is found at the Portland Race.
In extreme cases, such as Skookumchuck Narrows in British Columbia, through which tides can travel at more than 17 knots, very large whirlpools develop, which can be extremely hazardous to navigation.
Notable tidal races


text:
There's a hole in the middle of Prague, and we want you to know what's in it. The early 1980s metro station at Národní třída is the scene of a fascinating archaeological dig that we'll be visiting in this month's Science Journal.
The Národní třída metro station that most of us know was a metaphorical hole even before the dig – a line of fast food kiosks between two chrome and plastic socialist structures that was a favourite stomping ground for beggars and winos. Plans to develop the plaza for office and shopping space has peeled back the grimy surface of this historic part of Prague to reveal century after century of history in strata that can be read like a book back to the 1100s. Here to do that for me is Polish archaeologist Tomasz Cymbalak, who is heading the dig.
"What we see in front of us are the remains of the townhouses that used to be here. There are five of them here, and the way they looked changed from small houses of townspeople to larger buildings that were built further back from the street. Through time, the structure gets more dense, they added wells and waste pits, and those are the places where we make the most finds. And aside from those coins, pottery fragments, bones and so on, we have taken various samples for archeo-botanic analyses, so we will be able to reconstruct the early Praguers' diet, the illnesses they suffered from, and so on."
So from where we're stranding now – about four or five metres above the bottom of the dig – we can see a very compact kind of maze of stone walls from which you can kind of see what a busy place this city was even that long ago...
"Yes, it shows the very lively development of this part of the city. The place where we are standing is actually the border between Old Town and New Town. Right next to the place we are studying was an ancient road that led from Prague Castle through Old Town to Vyšehrad, and one of the gates to the city through the fortification was a few dozen metres from here. So this was a gathering point for traders and other service tradesmen. In the later periods, like in the 17th and 18th century, then of course the social structure of the inhabitants changed and Renaissance buildings are built, followed by Baroque and Neoclassical and so on."
Archaeologists did of course know there would be findings here – aside from the evidence from the sonar scans that preceded the dig, you will always find layers of pottery, bones and other relics wherever you dig down into city centre Prague. But they were nonetheless greatly surprised by the excellent way everything under Národní Třída had been preserved, even despite the encroachment of the metro in the 1980s, and the dates that the evidence went back to. While they expected 14th century remnants from the establishment of New Town by Charles IV, they found even the predecessors of those structures – not the wooden and mud buildings themselves per say, but the outlines of them left like photonegatives left in the ground. Another surprise was a burial site lying just under what is now Tesco.
"What you see here is part of a burial site where the individual bodies have been laid in ordered rows like on a chessboard. We have already dug out the graves here. The bodies were laying with their heads to the west, feet to the east, with their arms by their sides, and the state they were in was surprising, because they were wonderfully preserved. So all in all we uncovered six graves that I would tentatively date to the turn of the 13th century."
"We know that among them there were about three women – the anthropological survey is still underway. The bones show that the deceased worked in a hunched over position, they did hard work that left its mark on their skeletons. We are also going to do a DNA analysis as well and from that we should have some approximate idea as to their ethnicity or where they were from."
Can you describe what it might have looked like right here at Národní Třída at the time that these graves were dug, in the 12th to 13th centuries?
"The structures were primarily wooden, with a couple stone buildings and were compacted together. The road network was much smaller than it is today, there were less streets, but the road that we are on just now existed even in the early Middle Ages, and that's Spalená Street. The water situation was different, there must have been several creeks here, and we know that the terrain was much more rolling, with small hills and sunken farm paths. There was of course much more greenery – bushes and trees. There were groups of houses – like countryside cottages – one next to the other, making small units. What was in this area was a small settlement that provided material support for the Old Town."
Under what is going to be a very modern multifunctional building at this site you can follow the complex meshing of one era into another. As the farmers ran out of space for storing their products and feeding their animals, the space became used more and more by merchants and craftsmen, until even more people begin moving to the city in the 19th century and there is more residential rather than economic area. In the 20th century the lot changes altogether, filling up with restaurants, offices, administrative spaces and so on, showing the various needs of each century until it is cemented over for the construction of the Soviet-style metro station. The metro in fact runs just metres away from ancient cellars still being explored and learned from beneath Spalená Street.
"Four or five."
Four or five metres, and it's very cool now, and it's very beautiful.
"This is the oldest of the cellars that we have here, so it's from the mid 1300s. The layout of this cellar is beautifully legible and it's a wonderful teaching aid for students and art historians. You can follow the development of building methods and urban transformation on the structure here. The walls show right here that the original floor was almost two metres higher, and the ceiling was not vaulted but flat. As they ran out of space they made these other cellars under the street; this one is twice as large, and they stop changing things for the most part at the beginning of the 16th century. And next door there are another two cellars, each about three times larger than this one...
"What we see here is a wartime passage hole. During WWII, when they found there were too few air raid shelters, the protectorate government ordered that the gothic cellars be used, because they were of such massive design, and they made these passageways between them so that if one began to collapse people could run to another. It's wonderful, you have a real example here of how people lived and how things worked."
Coming back up to the busy streets above is something of a shock, and it is a beautiful reminder of everything the modern world is literally based on and derives from. As one shopping centre and multifunctional building springs up in Prague after another, I'm concerned about whether these ruins will go the way of so many others, being documented only to be preserved in archives while progress ploughs over the real thing forever. The answer is happily no.
"It looks like most of the 11 cellars on this site will remain and will be written on to the list of cultural monuments. The intention for the future is that it be made accessible to the public in what could be a protected archaeological zone. Maybe in the end it will be preserved partly for archaeological and teaching purposes, or there could be a kind of gallery where the original structures that are in very good condition can remain and will not be damaged."
That was archaeologist Tomasz Cymbalak ending that edition of Science Journal. Thanks for joining us today and I hope you'll tune in again next month.
The episode featured today was first broadcast on August 29, 2010.


text:
I've been working on trying to solve the problem of calculating the average of a row of numbers in which some of the cells have a null value. I'm convinced there's no easy way to do this. I found an example on the net that I have been working from but I can't seem to get that to work either. The example is:
$sql = mysql_query("SELECT *, (COALESCE(example, 0) + COALESCE(example2, 0) + COALESCE(example3, 0)) / (3 - (COALESCE(example - example, 1) + COALESCE(example2 - example2, 1) + COALESCE(example3 - example3, 1)) ) AS row_avg FROM attrib1 WHERE recid=".$recordid) or die(mysql_error());
I'm not sure what exactly this query is doing, and thus equally unsure of how to use it do my advantage. Any input would greatly appreciated.


Obscure Classified Recordings 2
Boom Bap Labs Presents
 - Title: Obscure Classified Recordings 2
 - Designed by: Alpha Centori
 - Category: Textures
NASA Actually Recorded Sound In Space, And It's Absolutely Chilling.... Now you've probably heard that there's no sound in space, but technically that's not true. Now yes, space is a virtual vacuum. However, sound does exist in the form of electromagnetic vibrations that pulsate in similar wavelengths. NASA designed a special instrument that can record these electromagnetic vibrations, and transferred them into sounds that our ears could hear. And these 30 files are the haunting lost transmissions they captured from space. Where did those sounds come from? Who knows? It's mysterious and creepy...
 - WAV 44.1Khz / 16 bits
 - 30 textures from the depth of space.
 - All textures are royalty free.


text: In this paper, a high-performance optimal fractional emotional intelligent controller for an Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) in power system using Cuckoo optimization algorithm (COA) is proposed. AVR is the main controller within the excitation system that preserves the terminal voltage of a synchronous generator at a specified level. The proposed control strategy is based on brain emotional learning, which is a self-tuning controller so-called brain emotional learning based intelligent controller (BELBIC) and is based on sensory inputs and emotional cues. The major contribution of the paper is that to use the merits of fractional order PID (FOPID) controllers, a FOPID controller is employed to formulate stimulant input (SI) signal. This is a distinct advantage over published papers in the literature that a PID controller used to generate SI. Furthermore, another remarkable feature of the proposed approach is that it is a model-free controller. The proposed control strategy can be a promising controller in terms of simplicity of design, ease of implementation and less time-consuming. In addition, in order to enhance the performance of the proposed controller, its parameters are tuned by COA. In order to design BELBIC controller for AVR system a multi-objective optimization problem including overshoot, settling time, rise time and steady-state error is formulated. Simulation studies confirm that the proposed controller compared to classical PID and FOPID controllers introduced in the literature shows superior performance regarding model uncertainties. Having applied the proposed controller, the rise time and settling time are improved 47% and 57%, respectively.


What is the X in X-mas?
not enough room to swing a cat
Very little space, cramped quarters, as in There's not enough room to swing a cat in this tent. This expression, first recorded in 1771, is thought to allude to the cat-o'-nine-tails, or "cat," a whip with nine lashes widely used to punish offenders in the British military.
The American Heritage® Idioms Dictionary
Cite This Source
Word of the Day
Word Value for not
Scrabble Words With Friends


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Broadcast messages sent over your Salesmsg phone number are subject to carrier filtering. Salesmsg does not definitively know how many messages can be sent from a phone number before a user can expect to hit a filter. However, it's safe to stay under 500 unique contacts/day from any one number.
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Where is the highest tide in the world?
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asked May 14, 2017 in Nature by Needa Petkar (1,010 points)
What is a tide? Mention its importance and also the geographical importance of the highest tide.
1 Answer
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answered May 14, 2017 by Soham (508 points)
The highest tides in the world can be found in Canada at the Bay of Fundy, which separates New Brunswick from Nova Scotia. At some times of the year the difference between high and low tide in this Bay is., taller than a three-story building.
Make sure your Question & Answer should be appropriate and useful to the reader. Don't just copy and paste content from other sources.


text:
A three-dimensional nonlinear dynamic analysis is performed for a single well observation platform. The structure consists of a single level service deck supported by three driven piles and a bracing frame. Extreme Loading® for Structures (ELS) software was used. The analyses are carried out under the effects of impact for a 3500-ton vessel moving at speeds varying between 1 and 10 knots. The effect of soil type was investigated. The effect accidental failure of a supporting pile was studied and the possibility of progressive collapse of the platform was evaluated. The study found that there is a difference of up to 20% in the results using nonlinear dynamic when compared to the traditional equivalent static analysis. The analysis show that the soil type significantly affects the internal forces in the platform as well as the total platform displacement.
Khalil, A., Helmy, H., Tageldin, H., Hadhoud, H. (2016). Ship Impact & Nonlinear Dynamic Collapse Analysis of a Single Well Observation Platform, Structures Congress 2017. Key Words: Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis, Offshore Platform, Ship Impact, Progressive Collapse.


text:
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Standard fuzzy systems suffer the "curse of dimensionality" which has become the bottleneck when applying fuzzy systems to solve complex and high dimensional application problems. This curse of dimensionality results in a larger number of fuzzy rules which reduces the transparency of fuzzy systems. Furthermore too many rules also reduce the generalization capability of fuzzy systems. Hierarchical fuzzy systems have emerged as an effective alternative to overcome this curse of dimensionality and have attracted much attention. However, research on learning methods for hierarchical fuzzy systems and applications is rare. In this paper, we propose a scheme to construct general hierarchical fuzzy systems based on the gradient-descent method. To show the advantages of the proposed method (in terms of accuracy, transparency, generalization capability and fewer rules), this method is applied to a function approximation problem and the result is compared with those obtained by standard (flat) fuzzy systems.


Incredible and fun facts to explore
Boise Idaho facts
While investigating facts about Boise Idaho Weather and Boise Idaho Real Estate, I found out little known, but curios details like:
Due to the large Basque population in Idaho, Boise state university is only one of two universities in the US (the other being University of Nevada-Reno) to offer a Basque language course.
how much snow does boise idaho get?
The USA's current passenger airbag laws resulted from a tragic accident where a child's head was knocked off and flew out the broken window when airbags deployed in a fender bender in Boise, Idaho in 1996.
What's boise idaho like?
In my opinion, it is useful to put together a list of the most interesting details from trusted sources that I've come across answering what boise idaho zip code. Here are 11 of the best facts about Boise Idaho News and Boise Idaho Homes For Sale I managed to collect.
what to do at boise idaho?
 1. Boise, Idaho, USA has a (relatively) large ethnic Basque population.
 2. Idaho's capital city is Boise.
 3. Boise, Idaho used to have an electric trolley system which was discontinued and paved over. Some tracks have been unearthed during recent construction projects in the city.
 4. Boise, Idaho has a long history of Basque culture
 5. In 1985 a 7ft. "Mr. Potato Head" ran for Mayor of Boise, Idaho. It was the "first vegetable and the first toy to run for public office."
 6. For celebrating the New Year, Boise, Idaho drops a giant potato.
 7. It takes only 10 letters to write Boise, Idaho. It takes 24 letters to write Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. They are first and last in state name + capital city length.
 8. The fewest number of letters to spell a U.S. State AND its capital is 10. (Boise, Idaho)
 9. Kevin Spacey's brother is a limousine driving Rod Stewart impersonator in Boise, Idaho (You have to see this website).
boise idaho facts
What is the population of boise idaho?
This is our collection of basic interesting facts about Boise Idaho. The fact lists are intended for research in school, for college students or just to feed your brain with new realities. Possible use cases are in quizzes, differences, riddles, homework facts legend, cover facts, and many more. Whatever your case, learn the truth of the matter why is Boise Idaho so important!
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