Quick Answer: Does alcohol affect gym gains?
How does alcohol effect muscle building? Research shows that an acute bout of moderate alcohol intake does not accelerate exercise induced muscle damage and also doesn't affect muscle strength.
Why is alcohol bad for building muscle?
Alcohol contributes to protein breakdown more than your nutrition does to protein synthesis. When the body degrades muscle protein, it breaks down more muscle than it builds. In other words, never building muscle. Many try combining protein sources with alcohol to outweigh the negative effects.
Does alcohol kill gym gains?
Not only does alcohol have zero nutritional value, some studies say it may even disrupt muscle protein synthesis, and muscle growth. (Google it if you have a day or two to kill.) … This can hinder protein synthesis.
Is drinking alcohol bad for gym?
Alcohol is detrimental to sports performance because of how it affects the body physically during exercise and its adverse effects on the brain's functions – including judgment – that will impair sports performance.
Can bodybuilders drink alcohol?
The bad: Drinking in excess can lead to severe health problems such as liver damage, obesity, and cancer. When it comes to drinking while bodybuilding, if you end up binging, you could be sabotaging your sleep, nutrition, and good intentions to work out the next day.
IT IS INTERESTING: What is the best exercise for toning stomach?
Does alcohol hurt muscle growth?
Will one beer ruin my gains?
There are no studies specifically investigating the impact of a single beer post-workout. But those who love a good post-gym drink will be happy to know evidence suggests drinking about two of your favorite brews won't undo your hard work at the gym.
Does drinking beer ruin your workout?
If your goal is increasing performance and strength, it's best to limit your alcohol intake after working out, even if you don't eliminate it entirely. Alcohol can slow your protein synthesis, the process in your body that aids muscle growth, and can increase dehydration.
Does alcohol stop muscle repair?
Does alcohol affect your game? Barnes' research on male and female athletes has found that alcohol can also increase the loss of force associated with exercise-induced muscle damage. This can affect the rate of recovery.
Can I workout drunk?
Alcohol is a depressant, meaning it slows you down. Your reaction time, strength, endurance, and aerobic capacity will all likely suffer, so your workout won't just be potentially dangerous — it's bound to be less than optimal. The full effects of alcohol aren't immediate.
Does drinking alcohol reduce stamina?
Alcohol depletes your body's zinc resources, which can result in a reduction in endurance.
Can you drink alcohol and be fit?
Moderate beer consumption is actually healthy, so I set out to define "moderate" as well as educate on the basics of caloric intake and caloric expenditure. The radioman was not suffering from a beer belly but an INACTIVITY BELLY! Yes, you can still drink beer and be very fit.
IT IS INTERESTING: How many pull ups does a Navy SEAL have to do?
Does alcohol reduce stamina?
Alcohol slows reaction time and impairs precision, equilibrium, hand-eye coordination, accuracy, balance, judgment, information processing, focus, stamina, strength, power and speed for up to 72 hours (three days). slows recovery. Alcohol can interfere with recovery by delaying muscle repair.
Is 3 beers a day too much?
Can one night of drinking ruin my diet?
The truth is that, even if you eat super healthy most of the time, too much alcohol can hinder your weight loss and can even lead to weight gain.
Is beer good for muscle growth?
Alcohol and Testosterone
An increase in circulating testosterone, of about 17%, has been seen in both young men who drank a little (about 2 beers for a 150-pound person). However, such a small boost—more variation is seen from day to day or even within the same day—is unlikely to help boost your muscle growth.
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Removing the Blue Lines in Forwarded Emails
Ever try to forward a really funny or thought provoking e-mail, only to have the forward appear horribly mis-formatted due to a bunch of weird, commonly blue, vertical lines streaking down the left side of your e-mail? Well, you can take a small amount of comfort knowing you are definitely not alone. An odd anomaly generated by some e-mail clients/services when a message is forwarded, these colored lines are not only annoying, but typically a pain to get rid of as well. However, there are a few tricks that can speed up your ability to remove these annoyances without resorting to using a third party "e-mail cleaner" program. Here are the top three methods to remove vertical lines in some of the most common e-mail programs and services...
Microsoft Outlook:
Despite possibly having the most options for formatting e-mail of any e-mail program or service available, Outlook has, surprisingly, the simplest method of removing vertical lines from forwarded e-mails:
Step 1. Open the e-mail you wish to forward, select the content directly in front/to the right of your vertical line(s) in the body of the e-mail message, and press Ctrl+C to copy the highlighted contents to your clipboard.
Step 2. Create a new blank e-mail message.
Step 3. Paste (press Ctrl+V) your copied e-mail into the new e-mail message. Your e-mail message will be pasted into the new message window sans most, if not all, vertical lines.
Step 3-1. If any vertical lines remain, simply copy any text and images with said vertical lines still attached, and paste the copied content into the same e-mail just above the content you just copied.
Step 3-2. Repeat Step 3-1 until all vertical lines are gone.
Step 4. Delete any duplicate or unnecessary text/images beneath your newly cleaned content, and send your e-mail.
Quick, simple, and easy!
Windows Live Mail
For those needing to remove vertical lines in the latest evolution of Outlook Express, Windows Live Mail offers a push button solution to removing these email annoyances:
Step 1. Select your e-mail and press the forward button to open it in the standard "Send E-mail" editor.
Step 2. Place your cursor directly in front of (to the right of) the vertical line you wish to remove.
Step 3. At the top of your e-mail editor, select the Message tab if it is not already selected. Various message formatting options will appear.
Step 4. Find and click the Clear formatting button just next to the font size and style fields.
Step 5. Voila! The vertical line will instantly disappear. Repeat Step 4. as needed to remove any additional vertical lines.
Step 6. Once all vertical lines have been cleared, you will likely be left with a bit of margin space to the right of your e-mail content. To remove this, simply select the message content you wish to forward, copy it (Ctrl+C), and paste it (Ctrl+V) at the beginning of your message. Delete the old content beneath your freshly formatted message, and hit Send.
And that's it!
~J. Conboy


text:
Using DropDownList elements that use virtualized data sources, is it possible to set (or reset) the values programatically?
Basically I'm looking for some guidance on how to make cascaded virtualized drop down lists where I can set the values from some external event such as the click of a button.
Things I've tried so far:
1. Simply setting the value using $('_TAG_').data('kendoDropDownList').value('some value'); <== Can't set the value since it doesn't exist in the data() elements
2. Calling the read method of each drop down first via $('_TAG_').data('kendoDropDownList').dataSource.read(), then setting the value (timing issue?) <== same issue as 1 since the read hasn't finished yet.
3. Hacking the jqXHR object which appears to hang off the dataSource.read() method (again timing issue?)
$('_TAG_').data('kendoDropDownList').dataSource.read().done = someOtherFunction <== where'someOtherFunction' actually does the.value() setting, this does actually run the method, but again... timing
4. Adding the necessary element to the data via the.add method, setting the value, then doing the read <== this "appears" to work but the value isn't actually selected after the read returns. Clicking on the dropdown has the placeholder element selected rather than the value

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Version: 2019.2
Additional (or sixth) mouse button.
Use this for detecting mouse button presses. The "5" mouse button is the sixth button on the user's mouse if this additional button exists. Unity defines this as the "5" Mouse button, as the mouse Button numbering begins at 0.
using UnityEngine;
public class Example : MonoBehaviour { void Update() { //Detect if the extra mouse button is pressed if (Input.GetKey(KeyCode.Mouse5)) { Debug.Log("Mouse 5 "); } } }


text:
Spinal angiolipomas: MR features.
PURPOSE: To determine the MR features of spinal angiolipomas and to compare these findings with their histologic appearance. METHODS: The MR examinations of three patients with surgically proved angiolipomas were reviewed for tumor location and extent, signal characteristics, and pattern of contrast enhancement, and were then compared with the histologic findings. RESULTS: Four tumors were found in the three patients, all located in the posterior epidural compartment, averaging about 2.5 vertebral bodies in length. On noncontrast T1-weighted images, all lesions were inhomogeneous and hypointense relative to epidural fat. Inhomogeneous enhancement was seen in three lesions on postcontrast T1-weighted images obtained with fat-saturation techniques. Angiolipomas were least conspicuous on T2-weighted images. A high vascular content correlated with the presence of large hypointense regions on T1-weighted images. CONCLUSION: Spinal angiolipomas are typically hyperintense on noncontrast T-1-weighted images relative to other tumors. Angiolipomas that contain large hypointense foci on noncontrast T1-weighted images can be expected to have a high degree of vascularity.
Provenzale, JM; McLendon, RE
Volume / Issue
Start / End Page
Pubmed Central ID
International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)


Standard Auto
Standard Auto,
Standard Auto Meanings:
 1. Car insurance for the average driver with relatively few accidents in life
Literal Meanings of Standard Auto
Meanings of Standard:
 1. A measure of quality or performance.
 2. An idea or thing that is used as a reference, standard or model in benchmarking.
 3. A popular melody or song.
 4. Military or formal flags are hoisted on poles or waved on ropes.
 5. A tree or shrub that grows taller on a vertical trunk.
 6. Vertical piping for water or gas.
 7. Used or accepted as normal or medium.
 8. (From a tree or shrub) that grows on a full, upright trunk.
Sentences of Standard
 1. The restaurant offers a high quality service
 2. Low wages by today's standards
 3. Many songs were sung in Western countries in the form of jazz and pop kiss Nova standards.
 4. Sir Marcus Versley paid tribute to the Queen Mother and members of the Malton and Norton branches of the British Royal Legion raised flags.
 5. Regular tax rate
 6. Standard waves are useful in situations where direct altitude is required.
Synonyms of Standard
ordinary, traditional, set, usual, banderole, conventional, quality, paradigm, specification, requirement, expected, exemplar, fixed, colours, gauge, typical, ideal, principle, law, customary, archetype, quotidian, benchmark, criterion, pattern
Meanings of Auto:
 1. A basket
 2. Summary for Automatic (which means name 3)
Synonyms of Auto
machine, automobile, motor


text:
Teaching and coaching are two different occupational roles, and teachers who also coach have stressful work environments common to all educational settings, but each occupational role has specific stress and burnout problems. The responsibilities of physical education (PE) teachers and coaches are distinguishable from one another. These different roles and role conflicts may create stress among PE teachers who also coach. The history of physical education shows that there are contextual factors that promote PE teacher-coach role conflict. The aim of this paper is to analyse these contextual factors via using a literature review analysis and to provide suggestions about teacher-coach role conflict for school-based physical education in USA.
Financed by the National Centre for Research and Development under grant No. SP/I/1/77065/10 by the strategic scientific research and experimental development program:
SYNAT - "Interdisciplinary System for Interactive Scientific and Scientific-Technical Information".


Urodymanic, Uroflowmetry, Total Voiding Time, Peak Urine Flow
 - Mechanism
 1. Assess urine outflow obstruction
 - Normal Urodynamic Measurements
 1. Total Voiding Time
 1. Normal time to void 100 ml: less than 10 seconds
 2. Normal time to void 400 ml: less than 23 seconds
 2. Mean Flow Rate
 3. Time to Peak Flow
 1. Less than one third of Total Voiding Time
 4. Peak Flow Rate
 1. Below mean flow rate per Bladder volume (<2 S.D.)
 1. Prolonged Total Voiding Time
 2. Decreased Peak Urine Flow rate


Why is the USS Arizona Underwater?
The USS Arizona is the resting place to hundreds of sailors. The Navy decided to leave them and the ship there after an inspection a few months after the attack. It was determined that there was so much damage taht the ship was a total loss and could not be salvaged. Though, it should be noted that some parts from the Arizona were taken for use on other ships during WWII.
After deciding that the ship could not be salvaged, was not a navigation risk and would be left where she was, the Navy had a decision about what to do with the men who perished on board. It was decided that the men would be considered buried at sea because it would be too difficult to remove them in a respectful manner.
The decision to leave the USS Arizona underwater at the bottom of Pearl Harbor was made after much deliberation. The same decision was made for the USS Utah. The USS Oklahoma was similarly sunk in the attack, but raised and put in drydock in 1943. In 1944, the USS Oklahoma was decommissioned. She eventually sunk to the bottom of the ocean as she was towed to the US mainland. All of the other ships sunk or damaged during the attack were returned to service.
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Category: 4. History
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Distance Bulgaria Islington. Directions, total distances, average speed, travel time, calculate cost and fuel consumption
Road distance Bulgaria Islington
The total distance represents the road distance in km or miles between Bulgaria and Islington. Initially this is displayed in km but you can always change it using the settings (by selecting the distance in miles or the distance in km):
Average speed
The average speed for the route Bulgaria - Islington is calculated by taking into account the speed limit on each road segment as well as their length.
Travel time
The time required for a car to travel the distance between Bulgaria and Islington, taking into account the speed allowed for each road segment.
Time of arrival
The time of arrival in Islington is calculated considering that you are departing immediately from Bulgaria It takes into account the total travel time.
Fuel price
Total consumption
It represents total fuel (in liters or gallons) needed to travel the road distance from Bulgaria to Islington.
Calculate a new route
Addresses containing a street number: - 10 Street Name, Bulgaria
points of interest: - ATM Bulgaria or Hotel Name, Islington
postal codes: - 012345


Multilingual Demographic Dictionary, second unified edition, English volume
Multilingual Demographic Dictionary, second unified edition, English vol.
Jump to: navigation, search
Farmer (FARMER)
Special classifications apply in agriculture. Farmers 1 or farm operators 1 are those who farm the land for profit; among them we distinguish between farm-owners 2, who own their land, tenant farmers 3, who rent it from a landlord, and share-croppers 3, who give a portion of the crop in return for the use of land and livestock. Agricultural laborers 4 are persons working who are employed by farmers.
 - 2. A farm manager who is salaried is generally classed as a farmer.
 - 3. In Scotland a small farmer is sometimes called a crofter. A farmer with a very small farm is also known as a smallholder.
 - 4. Agricultural laborers are of three general types: fulltime agricultural laborers, day agricultural laborers, and seasonal agricultural laborers. This last category often consists of migrant laborers.


New York Seasonal Jobs
Job Information
Jewish Community Center Personal Trainer in Bronx, New York
Principal Responsibilities: This position is in person, with some virtual hours available POSITION SUMMARY: Under the guidance of the Fitness Director, the staff members provide instruction and encouragement to Y members by listening actively, strengthening relationships, and promoting healthy living with Y members. Responsible to maintain client records and paperwork related to Personal Training, Group Exercise, and the safety of the facility. Minimum requirement of 10 hours per week designated as Fitness Supervisor and/or one class per week as a Group Exercise Instructor to connect with members and build client base (subject to change at the discretion of Fitness Director). ESSENTIAL FUNCTIONS: * Embody an outgoing and enthusiastic personality at all times. * Strong customer service while enforcing all policies and procedures * Maintain safe and orderly exercise environment for all members * Deliver instruction of physiologically sound fitness and weight training components, demonstrating the understanding of safe, effective, and progressive exercise programs. * Identifies unsafe or hazardous exercises and makes corrections or suggests alternate exercises. * Understand the Fitness program as delivered to Y members and its role in serving a health seeker. Recognize and embrace the connection between the Fitness Department, personal training opportunities, and the Y at large * Embody sensitivity and patience in dealing with the inactive population which could be intimidated by exercise and workout areas. * Provides one-on-one, partner, or small group fitness instruction to clients during each session. Assess an individual's progress and make appropriate changes. * Maintains appointment scheduler and completes timesheet accurately, tracking client participation and session usage. * Completes all required paperwork accurately and efficiently as outlined in client file management expectations. * Responsible for the promotion of personal training within guidelines of the Riverdale Y. Actively participate in additional community-centered programming as needed * Achieve quarterly sales goals as determined by Fitness Director. # Minimum Qualifications: You meet this role and responsibility by: * Maintaining current CPR/AED, First Aid certifications. * Being familiar with the Emergency Action Plan for the Facility * Maintaining a nationally-recognized and accredited personal trainer certification and/or holding a degree in a related field * Participating in continuing education activities through both internal and external sessions to promote an on-going development of the knowledge, skills, and abilities required for personal trainers. * Adheres to the guidelines for exercise testing and program design as recommended by the American College of Sports Medicine, NSCA, and other reputable organizations. * Physical effort required for daily duties include lifting heavy weights, squatting, bending, reaching, spotting, and prolonged standing/walking. * Must be able to lift and/or move up 45+ pounds. # Salary: Under 25,000 # Agency Information: The Riverdale Y is a 75,000 sq. ft. Jewish Community Center that provides educational, recreational, cultural, and wellness programs for children and adults of all ages and backgrounds. The Y features an early childhood center; summer camps; large after school program; senior center; performing arts center featuring theater, dance and music schools; and a health & wellness center that includes cardio and free weight studios, group exercise classes, gymnasium, swimming pool, steam room, sauna and massage therapy. Date Posted: 02/18/2021 Title: Personal Trainer JCC: Riverdale YM-YWHA Location: Bronx, NY


When does 35 not equal 35?
… and when does 35 – 35 not equal zero?
In the first case the answer is when one "35" is on an Excel spreadsheet and the other 35 is in VBA. The question arose from the ongoing continuous beam discussion with metroxx, who had, quite reasonably, generated a series of output points by calculating the length of one step (35/30) then adding this value to the previous length in 30 stages. This mysteriously caused an error in the function for no obvious reason.
Stepping through the code I found that the error was occurring when the last output point was compared to the beam length and found to be greater. The mysterious part was that both on the worksheet (formatted to 15 decimal places), and in the VBA Locals window, both values displayed as being exactly 35. Also entering the formula = A62 – 35 returned exactly zero.
To investigate what was going on I wrote the short VBA function shown below:
Function Diff(A As Double, B As Double) As Double
Diff = A - B
End Function
The function simply subtracts B from A, but using this function with the incrementally generated "35" as A and the "exact" 35 as B returned a value of 7.11E-15, even though stepping through the routine both variables displayed as exactly 35 in the locals window.
The answer to the second question is the same as the first (as would be expected), but also in some cases this behaviour can be seen on the spreadsheet with no VBA involved. As stated above, the formula = A62 – 35 returns exactly zero, but the formula = (A62 – 35) returns 7.11E-15, the same as the UDF! The screenshots below show more detail of this behaviour.
In the spreadsheet in column B I have generated 30 increments with the formula =(B7+$C$4), where C4 is =C2/C3, i.e. 35/30.
The value in column C are generated with =$C$2*A8/$C$3, where C2 is the beam length, A8 is the increment number, and C3 is the number of increments (30). Column D contains the the formula =B8 – C8, Column E: =Diff(B8, CB), and column F: =(B8 – C8).
Floating point value check - click to view full size
Error in Column D result
It can be seen that Column D has returned a difference of zero in all cases, even though the VBA function in Column E and the formula in Column F show a difference of up to 1.42E-14.
These differences are of course caused in part by the fact that all values are stored as binary floating point values, that cannot represent all decimal or fractional values exactly. This is described in several Microsoft documents (e.g. Understanding Floating Point Precision), which all claim that Excel follows the IEEE Standard for Binary Floating-Point Arithmetic. Clearly this is not the whole story though, since the example given generates errors up to an order of magnitude greater than the maximum difference between any exact value and the nearest floating point value, and also generates different results depending on how worksheet formulas are entered.
I would be interested if anyone has any more background on exactly how these things are handled in Excel, but for practical purposes I think the lessons are:
 - When comparing non-integer values be aware that values that display as exactly equal may be stored as different values.
 - When comparing doubles in VBA either round the values to a suitable precision, or check that the difference is less than some small value, rather than exactly zero.
 - Calculations that involve the difference between two nearly equal values may give incorrect results. Consider carrying out this type of calculation entirely in VBA (or if necessary in a different language offering higher precision calculations).
Example added 27th Dec 2011:
Another example of the effect of brackets:
 - Cell B4, =B2 + B3, displays as exactly 1, because the 1.6E-15 would be the 16th and 17th significant figure, but only 15 significant figures are displayed.
 - Cell B5, =B4 – 1, displays as exactly 0, the contents of B4 being treated as the displayed value.
 - Cell B6, =(B2 + B3), displays as exactly 1, the same as B4, as would be expected.
 - But Cell B7, =B6-1, displays as 0.000000000000001554, using the decimal equivalent of the underlying value stored in B6, rather than the displayed value.
 - Cell B8, =(B6-B4), displays exactly 0, using the displayed values in both cells
 - Cell B9, = B7-B5, displays 1.554E-15 (i.e. the same as B7), so
 ((1+x))-(1+x) <> ((1+x)-1)-(1+x-1) !
This entry was posted in Excel, Maths, Newton, VBA and tagged,,,. Bookmark the permalink.
12 Responses to When does 35 not equal 35?
 1. Georg says:
 Hi all, here comes a short list of links that helped me to understand what IEEE 754 DP really means for computational arithmetics:
 here MS states where VBA (not XL!!) adheres to IEEE 754 and where not
 imho, good summary of all effects
 homepage of Prof. Kahan, many papers available for download; among them this nice "fatwah" on Java's IEEE implementation; imho, even VBA programmers can learn much from it
 Click to access JAVAhurt.pdf
 imho, a nice website on the subject
 "staircase to hell" demonstrating one of XL's dirty secrets, i.e., manipulating a wide range of numbers around the exact doubles
 According to my experience, XL cannot be used to pre-test VBA code in detail because firstly, the results of even simple arithmetic operations may differ and secondly, even the standard mathematical functions sometimes yield different results in XL and VBA, resp. This holds true for XL10/VBA6/x32 as well as for XL14/VBA7/x64. Moreover, unlike C or Fortran VBA does not seem to take full advantage of the cache registers providing extended precision for intermediate results that all modern processors are equipped with. Therefore, I recommend to use VBA only to interface to routines written in a more suitable language like C or Fortran if accuracy really matters, for example when solving ODEs or PDEs, resp.
 2. lhm says:
 Agree it's strange that parentheses around a formula can change the result?!
 The differences in column F of the screenshot are exact binary powers: 2^-50, 2^-49, etc. as one might expect from the binary representations. This ties in with the fact that Excel truncates numbers beyond the fifteenth significant figure in calculations (_URL_ whereas seventeen significant figures are needed to store numbers exactly in the xml file formats. In VBA results are displayed rounded to fifteen significant figures but are stored internally to greater precision.
 - lhm says:
 After further investigation, it's clear that formulas in column D return zeroes due to truncation but the differences in column F are generic IEEE double round-off errors. For instance this c code returns identical results:
 double sum=0;
 int i;
 (The chart could also be converted to a step chart if desired.)
 3. Georg says:
 Ihm, the key needed to understand all those "strange" effects occuring with the DP numbers is to realise that the gap between two adjacent DP numbers doubles at each exact non-zero power of two. That is why in VBA if statements, e.g., you should only compare DP numbers to 0# and not to any other DP number, because in the latter case the interval yielding true/false is no more symmetric around your DP reference number.
 Imho, the behaviour of the DP numbers can only be fully understood if we look at their binary representation and not at their (mostly) rounded decimal representation. If you know that 0.1 is internally approximated by the IEEE 754 DP binary number 3F B9 99 99 99 99 99 9A (little endian byte order), and that 0.5-0.4 is approximated by 3F B9 99 99 99 99 99 98, you will not be surprised that 2^55*(0.1-(0.5-0.4)) yields a result of 1, whereas 2^55*((0.5-0.4)-0.1) yields a result of -1, though mathematically, both should yield exactly 0. Afaik, forthcoming versions of xNumbers will provide functions that allow for conversions between the decimal and binary representation of a variable of type "Double" in VBA. That VBA lacks the support of subnormal numbers is a big difference between VBA and F, C,… Start with 2^(-1070) and successively divide by 2 in XL, VBA, C, F… and print out the results…
 4. Georg


text:
Blunt Family History
Blunt Name Meaning
nickname for someone with fair hair or a light complexion, from Anglo-Norman French blunt 'blond' (Old French blund, blond, of Germanic origin). nickname for a stupid person, from Middle English blunt, blont 'dull', 'stupid' (probably from Old English blinnan 'to stop', or Old Norse blundr 'sleep').
Source: Dictionary of American Family Names ©2013, Oxford University Press


text:
Name: Bryan Gardiner
Can you please tell me how many miles per day spawning salmon
travels from the ocean to its destination? I would like to
know how long it takes the salmon to get to the Adams river from the
The actual distance traveled per day by salmon varies from
species to species, but in several samples of Chinook, the
results were as follows:
(the Chinook were going up the Yukon River, then into different
creeks to spawn)
Group 1 - 52 miles/day
Group 2 - 60 miles/day
Group 3 - 47 miles/day
Group 4 - 50 miles/day
All of the numbers from this study are averages.
I hope this helps you find the answer you're looking for!
Thanks for using NEWTON!
Tom F Ihde
Click here to return to the Biology Archives
Update: June 2012

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I am getting this error when I GetById() on an entity and then set the collection of child entities to my new list which comes from the MVC view.
I don't quite understand this line:
Why would I change the relationship between 2 entities? It should remain the same throughout the lifetime of the whole application.
The code the exception occurs on is simple assigning modified child classes in a collection to the existing parent class. This would hopefully cater for removal of child classes, addition of new ones and modifications. I would have thought Entity Framework handles this.
The lines of code can be distilled to:
var thisParent = _repo.GetById(1);
thisParent.ChildItems = modifiedParent.ChildItems();
share|improve this question
6 Answers 6
up vote 59 down vote accepted
You should delete old child items thisParent.ChildItems one by one manually. Entity Framework doesn't do that for you. It finally cannot decide what you want to do with the old child items - if you want to throw them away or if you want to keep and assign them to other parent entities. You must tell Entity Framework your decision. But one of these two decisions you HAVE to make since the child entities cannot live alone without a reference to any parent in the database (due to the foreign key constraint). That's basically what the exception says.
What I would do if child items could be added, updated and deleted:
public void UpdateEntity(ParentItem parent)
 // Load original parent including the child item collection
 var originalParent = _dbContext.ParentItems
 .Where(p => p.ID == parent.ID)
 .Include(p => p.ChildItems)
 // We assume that the parent is still in the DB and don't check for null
 // Update scalar properties of parent,
 // can be omitted if we don't expect changes of the scalar properties
 var parentEntry = _dbContext.Entry(originalParent);
 foreach (var childItem in parent.ChildItems)
 var originalChildItem = originalParent.ChildItems
 .Where(c => c.ID == childItem.ID && c.ID!= 0)
 // Is original child item with same ID in DB?
 if (originalChildItem!= null)
 // Yes -> Update scalar properties of child item
 var childEntry = _dbContext.Entry(originalChildItem);
 // No -> It's a new child item -> Insert
 childItem.ID = 0;
 // Don't consider the child items we have just added above.
 // (We need to make a copy of the list by using.ToList() because
 // _dbContext.ChildItems.Remove in this loop does not only delete
 // from the context but also from the child collection. Without making
 // the copy we would modify the collection we are just interating
 // through - which is forbidden and would lead to an exception.)
 foreach (var originalChildItem in
 originalParent.ChildItems.Where(c => c.ID!= 0).ToList())
 // Are there child items in the DB which are NOT in the
 // new child item collection anymore?
 if (!parent.ChildItems.Any(c => c.ID == originalChildItem.ID))
 // Yes -> It's a deleted child item -> Delete
Note: This is not tested. It's assuming that the child item collection is of type ICollection. (I usually have IList and then the code looks a bit other.) I've also stripped away all repository abstractions to keep it simple.
I don't know if that is a good solution but I believe that some kind of hard work along these lines must be done to take care of all kinds of changes in the navigation collection. I would be happy as well to see an easier way.
share|improve this answer
So what if some are only changed? Does that mean I still have to remove them and add them again? – jaffa Apr 4 '11 at 17:10
_USER_: No, you can also update existing items of course. I've added an example how I would probably update the child collection, see Edit section above. – Slauma Apr 4 '11 at 18:33
_USER_: Lol, if I knew that you are going to modify your answer I would not write my answer... – Ladislav Mrnka Apr 4 '11 at 19:53
_USER_: No, no, I am glad that you wrote your own answer. Now at least I know that it's not complete nonsense and much too complicated what I did above. – Slauma Apr 4 '11 at 20:27
I would add a condition when retrieving the originalChildItem in the foreach:...Where(c => c.ID == childItem.ID && c.ID!= 0) otherwise it will return the newly added children if the childItem.ID == 0. – perfect_element Mar 1 at 17:02
This is a very big problem. What actually happens in your code is this:
 - You load Parent from the database and get an attached entity
 - You replace its child collection with new collection of detached children
 - You save changes but during this operation all children are considered as added becasue EF didn't now about them till this time. So EF tries to set null to foreign key of old children and insert all new children => duplicate rows.
Now the solution really depends on what you want to do and how would you like to do it?
If you are using ASP.NET MVC you can try to use UpdateModel or TryUpdateModel.
If you want just update existing children manually, you can simply do something like:
foreach (var child in modifiedParent.ChildItems)
 context.Entry(child).State = EntityState.Modified;
Attaching is actually not needed (setting the state to Modified will also attach the entity) but I like it because it makes the process more obvious.
If you want to modify existing, delete existing and insert new childs you must do something like:
var parent = context.Parents.GetById(1); // Make sure that childs are loaded as well
foreach(var child in modifiedParent.ChildItems)
 var attachedChild = FindChild(parent, child.Id);
 if (attachedChild!= null)
 // Existing child - apply new values
 // New child
 // Don't insert original object. It will attach whole detached graph
// Now you must delete all entities present in parent.ChildItems but missing
// in modifiedParent.ChildItems
// ToList should make copy of the collection because we can't modify collection
// iterated by foreach
foreach(var child in parent.ChildItems.ToList())
 var detachedChild = FindChild(modifiedParent, child.Id);
 if (detachedChild == null)
share|improve this answer
But there is your interesting remark about using.Clone(). Do you have the case in mind that a ChildItem has other sub-child navigation properties? But in that case, wouldn't we want that the whole sub-graph is attached to the context since we would expect that all the sub-childs are new objects if the child itself is new? (Well, might be different from model to model, but let's assume the case that the sub-childs are "dependent" from the child like the childs are dependent from the parent.) – Slauma Apr 4 '11 at 20:35
It would probably require "smart" clone. – Ladislav Mrnka Apr 4 '11 at 20:39
What if you don't want to have a Child's collection in your context? _URL_ – kirsten g Nov 27 '13 at 4:55
I've no idea why the other two answers are so popular!
I believe you were right in assuming the ORM framework should handle it - after all, that is what it promises to deliver. Otherwise your domain model gets corrupted by persistence concerns. NHibernate manages this happily if you setup the cascade settings correctly. In Entity Framework it is also possible, they just expect you to follow better standards when setting up your database model, especially when they have to infer what cascading should be done:
You have to define the parent - child relationship correctly by using an "identifying relationship".
If you do this, Entity Framework knows the child object is identified by the parent, and therefore it must be a "cascade-delete-orphans" situation.
Other than the above, you might need to (from NHibernate experience)
instead of replacing the list entirely.
_USER_'s comment reminded me that detached entities are another part of the overall problem. To solve that, you can take the approach of using a custom model binder that constructs your models by attempting to load it from the context. This blog post shows an example of what I mean.
share|improve this answer
Setup as identifying relationship won't help here because the scenario in the question has to deal with detached entities ("my new list which comes from the MVC view"). You still have to load the original children from the DB, find the removed items in that collection based on the detached collection and then remove from the DB. The only difference is that with an identifying relationship you can call parent.ChildItems.Remove instead of _dbContext.ChildItems.Remove. There is still (EF <= 6) no built-in support from EF to avoid lengthy code like the one in the other answers. – Slauma May 7 '13 at 21:39
I understand your point. However, I believe with a custom model binder that loads the entity


text:
UPDATED (see below).
Thank goodness we have mathematics to solve the world's most pressing dilemmas, such as "What's the speed of light?" and "How do I make the world's tastiest pancakes?" Dr. Ruth Fairclough, a mathematics professor at Wolverhampton University, set out to solve the latter problem, and has now unveiled her formula for the perfect pancake—coincidentally, just in time for International Pancake Day.
So what's the secret to the choicest possible breakfast? With L representing the number of lumps in the batter, C the consistency, T the temperature, and a host of other variables, she calculated that perfect pancakes need only follow this simple equation:
100 – [10L - 7F + C(k - C) + T(m - T)]/(S – E).
The closer to 100 the result is, the better the pancake. The temperature of the pan (m), the consistency (C), and how long the batter sits (S) before cooking—to allow for absorption of the milk by the flour—are among the most crucial factors in making successful pancakes. The size of the pan is also important—too big and the pancakes will be hard to flip, of course.


text:
Open or Save PDF
files in Netscape
When a file in.PDF format ( the adobe acrobat format), is attached, it does not display
when the Netscape browser is used. (It will display using Internet Explorer). So, to
access a file in.PDF format when using Netscape do the following:
1. With the cursor over the file, right click on the mouse.
2. The menu shown here will appear. Select "Save Link As".
3. When "Save Link As" is selected, the "Save As" dialog box will
4. Select the path where the file should be saved (H: drive, C: drive, etc.) and click on
the "Save" button at the bottom right hand side of the box.
5. Using Windows Explorer or the "My Computer" function in windows, select
(double click) the file that was downloaded and it will launch in Adobe Acrobat.
TO AVOID THIS TROUBLE, USE Microsoft Internet Explorer to read PDF files.


text:
Hardness and Conductivity of Die Forged ZYK530 Magnesium Alloy
Keywords:heat treatment, die forged ZYK530 Mg alloy, hardness, conductivity
The relationship among the microstructure, hardness and electrical conductivity of the as-forged ZYK530 Mg alloy after heat treatment was analyzed and studied using a microscope, X-Ray Diffractometer, eddy current conductivity meter, and Vickers microhardness tester, to explore optimum heat treatment process of ZYK530 Mg alloy. The results show that: with the prolongation of holding time, the electrical conductivity and microhardness show the same change trend, both of which show an oscillatory upward trend, and then decrease in an oscillatory downward trend after reaching the peak value. There is a linear positive correlation between the conductivity and the hardness, and the fitting results of the conductivity and hardness are in good agreement with the measured results; combined with the actual production, when the heat-treatment is 480 ℃ × 8 h + 220 ℃ × 3 h, the highest hardness is 79.2 HV, the electroconductivity is 36.2%IACS, and the comprehensive performance is the best, which is the best heat treatment process.
The copyrights for articles in this journal are retained by the author(s), with first publication rights granted to the journal. By virtue of their appearance in this open-access journal, articles are free to use with proper attribution in educational and other non-commercial settings.


Manual uploads
When testing your preview feed, if you are using the push method for uploading your data, you can test various feed elements by manually uploading data files. This is particularly useful as you prepare to automate your data delivery.
To manually upload data files:
 1. Access the Transit Partner Dashboard.
 2. Select your feed.
 3. Click Realtime Feeds.
 4. Scroll down to Manual Feed Upload.
 5. Click Select File.
 6. Choose the file(s) you want to manually upload
 7. Click Upload.
Manual upload is a tool used during the review and testing phase. If you don't have the resources to create a realtime feed but want to provide us with service alerts, use our Service Alerts Editor.
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text: A model predictive control law is given by the solution to a parametric optimization problem that can be precomputed offline and provides an explicit map from state to control input. In this paper, an algorithm is introduced based on wavelet multiresolution analysis that returns a low complexity explicit model predictive control law built on a hierarchy of second order interpolets. The resulting interpolation is shown to be everywhere feasible and continuous. Further, tests to confirm stability and to compute a bound on the performance loss are introduced. Since the controller approximation is built on a grid hierarchy, convergence to a stabilizing control law is guaranteed and the evaluation of the control law in real-time systems is naturally fast and runs in a bounded logarithmic time. Two examples are provided; A two-dimensional example with an evaluation speed of 31 ns and a four-dimensional example with an evaluation speed of 119 ns.


text:
New Mexico State Flag
The State Flag of New Mexico has a modern interpretation of an ancient symbol of a sun design as seen on a late 19th century water jar from Zia Pueblo. This pueblo is thought to have been one of the Seven Golden Cities of Cibola, which explorer Vasquez de Coronado sought. The red sun symbol was then called a "Zia" and is shown on a field of gold. The red and gold are the colors of Queen Isabela of Castile that the Spanish Conquistadors brought to the New World.
The flags of Spain, the Republic of Mexico, the Confederate States of America, and the United States of America have all flown over the "Land of Enchantment" during the long history of the state.
Courtesy of State of New Mexico
Image by Art Explosion 600,000.


How to Install a Dual Fuel Range
Worker Removes Appliance Dolly from New Kitchen Range
What You'll Need
Electric outlet and wiring
Hose or pipes (for gas source)
Adjustable wrench
Dual fuel ranges have grown in reputation as the importance of proficient model home kitchens has increased. Installing dual fuel ranges can provide cooks with the benefits of more than one kind of fuel in preference to the restrictions of a solitary fuel range.
Dual fuel ranges, known as duel fuel stoves, have developed into a well-liked option for people whose budget and home design can contain them. Installing dual fuel ranges is easy provided you follow the proper steps and safety precautions.
Step 1 - Familiarize Yourself with Fundamentals of Dual Fuel Ranges
The dual fuel range is a stove which combines various fuels for cooking: electricity and gas. Gas is a clammy heat, and it provides enhanced temperature regulation for top-of-the-stove cooking. Great chefs tend to favor gas cooktops. Gas-fueled cooking has a lower operating cost compared to electric-fueled cooking, thus by using a gas-fueled cooktop one possibly saves on operating costs. The oven is typically operated by electricity.
Step 2 - Install Dual Fuel Range
pot heating on a gas burner
Clean and check the area where the old stove was placed. Ensure you have new electric lines for the oven. Inspect the quality of pipes for the gas source. Usually, dual-fuel ranges work with the existing 120 Volt outlet, so no need to have a specialized outlet for it. You need to ensure that the gas pipes from the source to the cooktops are firmly and safely fastened. Follow other reminders indicated in the owner's manual to ensure everything was set up correctly.
Step 3 - Install Gas Hose
If your home has no basement, the shutoff needs to be along the wall at an access panel's back. You need to take out the cap of the gas line using an adjustable wrench, if a gas range was never used before. Next, wrap the fitting on top of the stove while the gas pipe is coming up through the floor, using Teflon tape. Screw a flex hose end to the fitting along the gas stove, then tighten it using an adjustable wrench. After this, screw the other flex hose end onto the gas pipe coming up through the floor and tighten it using the wrench. Switch on the dual fuel range gas supply.
Step 4 - Take the Final Considerations
range with an open oven door
When it comes to selecting among various kinds of fuel for your range, always consider your safety while cooking. Also, in existing houses the kitchen design may limit your choice either to electricity alone or to gas alone as your cooking fuel. On the other hand, some existing houses do have the capability for dual-fueling of the preferred range. Budgeting also begs consideration: dual fuel ranges include higher purchase costs as well as higher maintenance costs than ranges which are either electric-fueled or gas-fueled only. Installation of the dual fuel range is a straight-forward job, which is normally guided by the manual provided by the manufacturer. Typically, the only concern of the dual fuel range purchaser is the piping for the gas source and the wiring for the electricity line.


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Xamarin.Forms Text Input Layout or Label Entry is a container control that allows you add a floating label, a password toggle icon to show or hide passwords, leading and trailing icons, and assistive labels such as error messages and help text on top of input controls.
Supported input controls
Enhance the appearance of the Syncfusion NumericUpDown, Numeric Entry, Masked Entry, Autocomplete and ComboBox controls; the Xamarin.Forms framework's Entry and Editor; and even the entry and editor controls in Xamarin.Forms for WPF. Add assistive labels and icons to those input views by just wrapping the entry and input views with the Text Input Layout control.
Container types
 - Filled: The background of the input view will be filled with the container color, and the baseline stroke and thickness will be changed based on the state of the input view.
 - Outlined: The container will be framed with a rounded border.
 - None: The container will have an empty background and space around it.
Shows the container type in Xamarin.Forms Entry with floating labels.
Indicate the focused, unfocused, error, and disabled states of the control.
Shows the Xamarin.Forms floating label states focused, unfocused, error, and disabled.
Password visibility toggling
Enable the password toggle icon to show or hide a password interactively.
Shows password visibility toggling icon in Xamarin.Forms Entry control.
Assistive labels
Assistive labels provide more information about the input text.
Shows hints or floating labels in Xamarin.Forms Entry, Masked Entry, Numeric Entry, and Editor controls.
Floating labels and hints
Avoid additional labels by adding hint text, giving the input view more space. The hint text moves from the middle to the top to show a floating label when the input becomes active.
Shows helper text in Xamarin.Forms Entry, Masked Entry, Numeric Entry, and Editor controls.
Helper text
The helper text provides additional information about the text to be entered.
Shows error text in Xamarin.Forms Entry, Masked Entry, Numeric Entry, and Editor controls.
Error text
Displaying error text can assist in solving validation errors.
Shows character count in Xamarin.Forms Entry, Masked Entry, Numeric Entry, and Editor controls.
Character count
The maximum number of characters that can be entered in the text field can be displayed.
Leading and trailing icons
Add a leading icon to indicate the input type, such as birth date, phone number, or password. Use a trailing icon to add a clear button, error icon, voice input icon, or drop-down icon.
Shows leading and trailing icons in Xamarin.Forms Entry, Masked Entry, Numeric Entry, and Editor controls.
Apply appealing colors to all the elements of the Text Input Layout control to match your app theme.
Customize the colors of the container, focused, unfocused, and error states.
Custom fonts
Customize the font family, font size, and font attributes for the hint text, error text, helper text, and counter label.
Customize the font for the Text Input Layout.
Customize the padding around the input view.
Customize the padding for input view.
Render the control in the right-to-left direction for the required languages.
RTL support for Text Input Layout.
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Swagger Codegen for Eiffel
by javier (modified: 2018 Jun 14)
Swagger Codegen for Eiffel
What's Swagger RESTful API Documentation Specification?
The Swagger specification (lately renamed as OpenAPI Specification) offers a language-agnostic approach for describing RESTful APIs.
In a few words it provides:
 - API Design: A simple and powerful representation for your APIs.
 - API Consumer: An automated way to generate API clients for third-party RESTful APIs using Swagger specification.
 - API Producer: An automated way to generate server stubs from an API specification.
What's Swagger code generator?
It's an Open-source project which allows generation of API client libraries (SDK generation), server stubs and documentation automatically given an OpenAPI Spec.At the moment we only have support for API client code generator.
Getting Started with Swagger code generator
First, check the following document to get started with Swagger code generator.
Generating Client Side Code
One of the main advantages of Swagger code generator to wrap API clients is that it reduces the time to write glue code and API documentation. Swagger code generator enables us to automate this process using a language agnostic approach.
Generating Eiffel API clients
To generate a client API in Eiffel, the command line tool swagger-codegen is used as follows: Here we will describe the options we are using to run the command.
-i | --input-spec -l | --lang -o | --output


text:
October 16, 2011
- arrears (noun)
- What does it mean?
- 1 : the state of being behind in the paying of debts2 : unpaid or overdue debts
- How do you use it?
- After a couple months of being in arrears with the rent, the roommates finally got caught up and started paying rent on time again.
- Are you a word wiz?
Don't get behind on answering this one; start right away! Which of the following words do you think shares a common ancestor with "arrears"?We won't hold back the answer! It's B, "retroactive." Both "arrears" and "retroactive" have as a Latin ancestor the word "retro," meaning "back." "Arrears" traces back through French to the Latin phrase "ad retro," meaning "backward." "Retroactive," which means "intended to apply or take effect at a date in the past," also traces back through French to its Latin ancestor. It derives from the Latin word "retroagere," meaning "to drive back, reverse," a combination of "retro" and "agere," meaning "drive."


text:
Dancer::Serializer::JSON - serializer for handling JSON data
This class is an interface between Dancer's serializer engine abstraction layer and the JSON module.
In order to use this engine, use the template setting:
This can be done in your config.yml file or directly in your app code with the set keyword. This serializer will also be used when the serializer is set to mutable and the correct Accept headers are supplied.
The JSON module will pass configuration variables straight through. Some of these can be useful when debugging/developing your app: pretty and canonical, and others useful with ORMs like DBIx::Class: allow_blessed and convert_blessed. Please consult the JSON documentation for more information and a full list of configuration settings. You can add extra settings to the engines configuration to turn these on. For example:
engines: JSON: allow_blessed: '1' canonical: '1' convert_blessed: '1'
Serialize a data structure to a JSON structure.
Deserialize a JSON structure to a data structure


text:
In this submission PwC acknowledges that the proposed functional currency reporting rules are an important and welcome initiative that can have significant benefits for Canadian corporations. However, we also stress the need for corporations to carefully consider the rules' implications before applying them.
The primary objective of our submission is to provide more certainty when applying the rules and to increase the tax system's efficiency and effectiveness. These modifications would provide a more symmetrical measurement of foreign exchange gains and losses under the proposed rules and increase the fairness in respect of the application of these rules via the foreign exchange provisions of the Income Tax Act.
In this submission, PwC makes recommendations in respect of the following matters:
This submission reiterates taxpayers' needs for clarity and certainty when applying the tax rules and that without such certainty, the rules would fail to serve the people they were meant to serve. PwC maintains that our comments and recommendations aim to improve the legislation and allow the government to meet its goal of increasing the effectiveness and fairness of the tax system.
|Comments and requested modifications to Proposed Section 261 – Rules relating to Functional Currency Reporting (780 KB)
Download the full submission.


text:
Property Registration System in China: Theory, Practice and Future Challenges
27 Pages Posted: 14 Oct 2013
Date Written: October 14, 2013
This article aims to provide a general understanding of Chinese property registration system combining an institutional analysis with a selected case study. By conducting a case study, it attempts to assess the extent to which the property registration system is considered appropriate and effective by the market users and legal actors responsible for enforcing it. However, this article is not a quantitative study in the sense that collecting empirical data to examine black-letter provisions' application relative to objective performance indicators. It attempts to depict a general picture of the system by answering the following questions: whether Chinese property registration system is a mandatory registration system or voluntary recordation system? What is its property transfer theory underpinning the system of land registration? How close it is related to Torrens system? The answers will be provided in Part B and C of this paper. In the remaining sections, a survey carried out in Qingdao on Qingdao's registration system will be presented with the aim to illustrate the functionality of the property registration system in China.
Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation


text:
Enhanced Observed Time Difference
A position-location method for GSM networks in which the phone measures the difference in the time of arrival signals from different towers. Essentially, the phone triangulates its position using signals from the towers, the reports the position back to the network.
E-OTD is one of several technologies that carriers can deploy to meet E-911 requirements.
Unlike competing U-TDOA technology, the phone actively participates in the location process. Therefore, E-OTD only works with phones that specifically include E-OTD technology.
Most major U.S. carriers that tested E-OTD for E-911 compliance decided against it and opted for U-TDOA technology instead.
The main proponent and provider of E-OTD technology is a company called Cambridge Positioning Systems (CPS).


text:
word for neighbourhood), and the absolute maximum was 44 °C (111 °F) in February. The lowest temperature ever registered in the 21st century was 10 °C (50 °F) in Vila Militar, July 2011. Temperatures below 10 °C (50 °F) are very rare in the city. The temperature varies according to elevation, distance from the coast, and type of vegetation. Winter brings mild temperatures and less rain than in the summer.
Average annual temperature of the sea is 23–24 °C (73–75 °F), from 22 °C (72 °F) in the period July–October to 26 °C (79 °F) in February and March. The wettest and driest months tend to be December and August respectively.
|Climate data for Rio de Janeiro|
|Record high °C (°F)||43
|Average high °C (°F)||29.4
|Daily mean °C (°F)||26.2
|Average low °C (°F)||23.3
|Record low °C (°F)||18
|Rainfall mm (inches)||114.1
|Avg. rainy days (≥ 0.1 mm)||12||9||12||10||8||6||6||6||9||10||11||13||112|
|Mean monthly sunshine hours||195.3||209.1||195.3||165.0||170.5||156.0||182.9||179.8||138.0||158.1||168.0||161.2||2,079.2|
|Source #1: World Meteorological Organization (UN),Hong Kong Observatory|
|Source #2: Weatherbase (record highs and lows, humidity)|
|25 °C (77 °F)||26 °C (79 °F)||26 °C (79 °F)||25 °C (77 °F)||24 °C (75 °F)||23 °C (73 °F)||22 °C (72 °F)||22 °C (72 °F)||22 °C (72 °F)||22 °C (72 °F)||23 °C (73 °F)||25 °C (77 °F)||24 °C (75 °F)|
Europeans first encountered Guanabara Bay on January 1, 1502 (hence Rio de Janeiro, "January River"), by a Portuguese expedition under explorer Gaspar de Lemos captain of a ship in Pedro Álvares Cabral's fleet, or under Gonçalo Coelho. Allegedly the Florentine explorer Amerigo Vespucci participated as observer at the invitation of King Manuel I in the same expedition. The region of Rio was inhabited by the Tupi, Puri, Botocudo and Maxakalí peoples.
In 1555, one of the islands of Guanabara Bay, now called Villegagnon Island, was occupied by 500 French colonists under the French admiral Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon. Consequently, Villegagnon built Fort Coligny on the island when attempting to establish the France Antarctique colony.
The city of Rio de Janeiro proper was founded by the Portuguese on March 1, 1565 and was named São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro, in honor of St. Sebastian, the saint who was the namesake and patron of the then Portuguese Monarch D. Sebastião. Rio de Janeiro was the name of Guanabara Bay. Until early in the 18th century, the city was threatened or invaded by several, mostly French, pirates and buccaneers, such as Jean-François Duclerc and René Duguay-Trouin.
In the late 17th century, still during the Sugar Era, the Bandeirantes found gold and diamonds in the neighboring captaincy of Minas Gerais, thus Rio de Janeiro became a much more practical port for exporting wealth (gold, precious stones, besides the sugar) than Salvador, Bahia, which is much farther to the northeast. And so in 1763, the colonial administration in Portuguese America was moved from Salvador to Rio de Janeiro. The city remained primarily a colonial capital until 1808, when the Portuguese royal family and most of the associated Lisbon nobles, fleeing from Napoleon's invasion of Portugal, moved to Rio de Janeiro. The kingdom's capital was transferred to the city, which, thus, became the only European capital outside of Europe. As there was no physical space or urban structure to accommodate hundreds of noblemen who arrived suddenly, many inhabitants were simply evicted from their homes. There was a large influx of African slaves to Rio de Janeiro: in 1819, there were 145,000 slaves in the captaincy. In 1840, the number of slaves reached 220,000 people.
When Prince Pedro I proclaimed the independence of Brazil in 1822, he decided to keep Rio de Janeiro as the capital of his new empire. Rio continued as the capital of Brazil after 1889, when the monarchy was replaced by a republic. Until the early years of the 20th century, the city was largely limited to the neighborhood now known as the historic Downtown business district (see below), on the mouth of Guanabara Bay. The city's center of gravity began to shift south and west to the so-called Zona Sul (South Zone) in the early part of the 20th century, when the first tunnel was built under the mountains located between Botafogo and the neighborhood now known as Copacabana. Expansion of the city to the north and south was facilitated by the consolidation and electrification of Rio's streetcar transit system after 1905. Botafogo's natural beauty, combined with the fame of the Copacabana Palace Hotel, the luxury hotel of the Americas in the 1930s, helped Rio to gain the reputation it still holds today as a beach party town (though, this reputation has been somewhat tarnished in recent years by favela violence resulting from the narcotics trade). Plans for moving the nation's capital city to the territorial centre had been occasionally discussed, and when Juscelino Kubitschek was elected president in 1955, it was partially on the strength of promises to build a new capital. Though many thought that it was just campaign rhetoric, Kubitschek managed to have Brasília built, at great cost, by 1960. On April 21 that year the capital of Brazil was officially moved from Rio de Janeiro to Brasília.
Between 1960 and 1975 Rio was a city-state under the name Guanabara State (after the bay it borders). However, for administrative and political reasons, a presidential decree known as "The Fusion" removed the city's federative status and merged it with the State of Rio de Janeiro, the territory surrounding the city whose capital was Niterói, in 1975. Even today, some Cariocas advocate the return of municipal autonomy.
The city hosted the 2007 Pan American Games and will host the 2014 FIFA World Cup final. It was announced on October 2, 2009, that Rio will host the 2016 Olympic Games, beating the finalist competitors Chicago, Tokyo, and Madrid. The city will become the first South American city to host the event and the second Latin American city (after Mexico City in 1968) to host the Games. The city will host the World Youth Day in 2013, the second World Youth Day in South America and first in Brazil.
City districts
The city is commonly divided into the historic center (Centro); the tourist-friendly wealthier South Zone (Zona Sul); the residential less wealthy North Zone (Zona Norte); peripheries in the West Zone (Zona Oeste), Santa Cruz and Campo Grande and the wealthy newer American-style Barra da Tijuca district.
Centro is the historic core of the city, as well as its financial centre. Sites of interest include the Paço Imperial, built during colonial times to serve as a residence for the Portuguese governors of Brazil; many historic churches, such as the Candelária Church, (the former cathedral), Sao Jose, Santa Lucia, Nossa Senhora do Carmo, Santa Rita, San Francisco de Paula, and the monasteries of Santo Antonio and Sao Bento. The Centro also houses the modern concrete Rio de Janeiro Cathedral. Around the Cinelândia square, there are several landmarks of the Belle Époque of Rio, such as the Municipal Theatre and the National Library building. Among its several museums, the Museu Nacional de Belas Artes (National Museum of Fine Arts) and the Museu Histórico Nacional (National Historical Museum) are the most important. Other important historical attractions in central Rio include its Passeio Público, an 18th-century public garden. Major streets include Avenida Rio Branco and Avenida Vargas, both constructed, in 1906 and 1942 respectively, by destroying large swaths of the colonial city. A number of colonial streets, such as Rua do Ouvidor and Uruguayana, have long been pedestrian spaces, and the popular Saara shopping district has been pedestrianized more recently.
South Zone
(Portuguese: Zona Sul) is composed of several districts, among which are São Conrado, Leblon, Ipanema, Arpoador, Copacabana, and Leme, which compose Rio's famous Atlantic beach coastline. Other districts in the South Zone are Glória, Catete, Flamengo, Botafogo,


From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Ö or ö is not a letter used in English, but is used in some other languages, such as German, Finnish, Estonian, Hungarian and Swedish.
German[change | change source]
Germany and Austria[change | change source]
Ö or ö is one of the 4 extra letters used in German. It can be replaced by using the letters Oe or oe. In English language newspapers it is often written as O or o but this is not correct.
Internet addresses are written as "oe" because the internet address system can only understand ordinary English letters.
Switzerland[change | change source]
German is one of the official languages of Switzerland. It has its own dialect (Swiss-German or Schweizerdeutsch). The Ö or ö is used in the Swiss dialect as well.


11th November 2010 under PHP
Generating Even and Odd PostgreSQL Databases for Replication
I was recently faced with a problem of replicating two PostgreSQL databases with bucardo. The replication was to be in a master-master fashion so that the databases could be updated on both ends. Although this task can easily be handled by bucardo it requires that the two different systems generate completely different sets of primary keys. According to the Bucardo website (_URL_ there are three ways of achieving this difference. Their approaches were:
If you are using a swap sync, the best practice is to not replicate sequences, but to make sure that they are different on both sides, such that an insert on database A will never conflict with an insert on database B. There are three general ways to do this:
 1. Use interleaving sequences. On database A, define the sequence as START WITH 1 INCREMENT BY 2. On database B, define the sequence as START WITH 2 INCREMENT BY 2. Thus, the two sequences will never have the same value.
 2. Use different ranges. For example, database A would use a sequence of START WITH 1, while database B uses START WITH 100000000. This is not foolproof, as A can eventually catch up with B, although you can define A as MAXVALUE 99999999.
 3. Use a common sequence. This relies on one or both of the databases using a function that makes a call to an external sequence
After reading this I decided to go by the first approach so I wrote a script to alter the sequences.
// Add the sequences you dont want affected here. The schema doesn't
// really matter.
$exclude = array(
for ($i = 1; $i < $argc; $i++)
 if(substr($argv[$i], 0, 2) == "--")
 $parameter = substr($argv[$i], 2, strlen($argv[$i]) - 2);
 $$parameter = $argv[$i];
 $tables[] = $argv[$i];
$conn = pg_connect("host=$host port=5432 dbname=$db user=$user
$sequences_result = pg_query($conn, "SELECT * FROM
$sequences = array();
while($sequence = pg_fetch_assoc($sequences_result))
 if(array_search($sequence['sequence_name'], $exclude)!== false)
 echo "Skipping ". $sequence['sequence_schema']. '.'.$sequence['sequence_name']. "\n";
 $sequence = $sequence['sequence_schema']. '.'. $sequence['sequence_name'];
 $value = pg_query($conn, "SELECT last_value from $sequence");
 $value = pg_fetch_assoc($value);
 pg_query($conn, "ALTER SEQUENCE $sequence INCREMENT BY 2");
 if($value["last_value"] % 2 == 0 && $mode == 'odd')
 pg_query($conn, "ALTER SEQUENCE $sequence RESTART WITH ".($value['last_value'] + 1));
 elseif(($value["last_value"] % 2 == 1 || $value["last_value"] == 1) && $mode == 'even')
This script takes five required parameters. The parameters are not validated so if it is wrongly specified the consequences are unknown. PLEASE BE CAREFUL! The parameters are:
 1. The hostname
 2. The username
 3. The password
 4. The database name
 5. The mode of the change (even or odd)
An example usage could be
php update_sequences.php --host db1.accra.srv --user postgres --password somepass --db appcore --mode even
Hope that helps. Happy Programming!


text:
Badgeyay project is now divided into two parts i.e front-end of Ember JS and back-end with REST-API programmed in Python. One of the challenging job is that, it should support the uncoupled architecture. Now, we have to integrate Heroku deployed API with Github which should auto deploy every Pull Request made to the Development Branch and help in easing the Pull Request review process.
In this blog, I'll be discussing how I have configured Heroku Pipeline to auto deploy every Pull request made to the Development Branch and help in easing the Pull Request review process in Badgeyay in my Pull Request.
First, Let's understand Heroku Pipeline and its features. Then we will move onto configuring the Pipeline file to run auto deploy PR.. Let's get started and understand it step by step.
What is Heroku Pipeline?
A pipeline is a group of Heroku apps that share the same codebase. Each app in a pipeline represents one of the following steps in a continuous delivery workflow:
A common Heroku continuous delivery workflow has the following steps:
- A developer creates a pull request to make a change to the codebase.
- Heroku automatically creates a review app for the pull request, allowing developers to test the change.
- When the change is ready, it's merged into the codebase Default branch.
- The Default branch is automatically deployed to staging for further testing.
- When it's ready, the staging app is promoted to production, where the change is available to end users of the app.
In badgeyay, I have used Review App and Development App steps for auto deployment of Pull Request.
Pre – requisites:
- You should have admin rights of the Github Repository.
- You should be the owner of the Heroku deployed app.
- For creating a Review App, Below mentioned files are needed to be in the root of the project repository to trigger the Heroku Build.
Now, I have fulfilled all the prerequisites needed for integrating Github repository to Heroku Deployed Badgeyay API. Let's move to Heroku Dashboard of the Badgeyay API and implement auto deployment of every Pull Request.
Step 1 :
Open the heroku Deployed App on the dashboard. Yow will see following tabs in top of the dashboard.
Step 2 :
Click on Deploy and first create a new pipeline by giving a name to it and choose a stage for the pipeline.
Step 3 :
- Choose a Deployment Method. For the badgeyay project, I have integrated Github for auto deployment of PR.
- Select the repository and connect with it.
- You will receive a pop-up which will ensure that repository is connected to Heroku.
Step 4 :
Enable automatic deploys for the Github repository.
Step 5 :
Now after adding the pipeline, present app get nested under the pipeline. Click on the pipeline name on the top and now we have a pipeline dashboard like this :
Now for auto deployment of PR, enable Review Apps by filling the required information like this :
Verify by creating a test PR after following every above mentioned steps.
Now we are all done with setting up auto deployment of every pull request to badgeyay repository.
This is how I have configured Heroku Pipeline to auto deploy every Pull request made to the Development Branch and help in easing the Pull Request review process.
About Author :
I have been contributing in open source organization FOSSASIA, where I'm working on a project called BadgeYaY. It is a badge generator with a simple web UI to add data and generate printable badges in PDF.
- Heroku Pipelines Article – Link


text:
Variant of scrag
- a lean, scrawny person or animal
- a thin, stunted tree or plant
- the neck, or back of the neck, of mutton, veal, etc.
- Slang the human neck
Origin of scragprobably ; from Old Norse as in Norwegian skragg, feeble, stunted person, Danish skrog, Old Norse skröggr, fox (nickname) ; from Indo-European base an unverified form (s)ker-, to shrivel, shrink


text:
- You can find a lost Android device by using Google's Find My Device service from its app or a browser.
- On the Find My Device app or website, you can see the phone's location on a map, play a sound to locate it, or remotely erase the phone and reset it to factory conditions.
- Visit Business Insider's Tech Reference library for more stories.
Losing your phone can be a catastrophe, which is why both Apple and Google provide similar tools for tracking, finding, and even remotely erasing a lost phone. If you have an iPhone, read our article on tracking its location. Google's Find My Device works pretty much the same way for Android phones. Here's how to use it to locate your misplaced or lost Android.
How to find your Android by using Find My Device
You can find your Android device using the Find My Device website or via Google's Find My Device app (installed from the Google Play store) on a different Android device that's logged into the same Google account.
One word of caution: If you log into your Google account on a public computer or someone else's PC to find your phone, remember to use a browser in private or incognito mode and log out when you are done.
1. Start the app or go to Google Find My Device in a web browser.
2. If you have one device, Find My Device should immediately zero in on that device (or to its last known location when it was last powered on and connected to the internet). If you have multiple devices, you can select the one you're looking for using the device icons at the top of the page.
3. In addition to seeing the phone on the map, you have three options:
- Select "Play Sound" to remotely command the phone to play a ringtone sound. If the phone is turned on and connected to the internet, it will play the sound regardless of the phone's volume settings.
- Select "Secure Device" to prevent someone from accessing your phone's data. You can also display a message or phone number on the lock screen to help retrieve the device.
- Select "Erase Device" if the phone has been lost or stolen and you don't expect to get it back. This will wipe the phone and reset it to factory conditions.
How to make sure Find My Device is enabled on Android
Even if you don't recall turning on Google's Find My Device service, the good news is that it's probably already on – Google turns it on by default when you connect an Android phone to a Google account, so it should already be running from when you first set up your phone. If you have access to your phone, here's how to verify it's enabled:
1. Start the Settings app.
2. Tap "Google."
3. On Google's settings page, tap "Security."
4. Tap "Find My Device."
5. On the Find My Device page, make sure the feature is turned – the button should be swiped to the right.


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i have this exercice Let the problem $$y'=f(y) g(x), y(x_0)=y_0$$ if $f(y_0)=0$ what are the conditions on $f$ for the probleme admits a unique solution thank's
share|improve this question
Use the Picard-Lindeloef's Theorem to give a sufficient condition... – Alex Apr 19 '13 at 22:24
$f(y)$ has to be Lipschetz continuous by Picard-Lindeloef's theorem. – Mhenni Benghorbal Apr 19 '13 at 22:45
We use Picard theorem to $f(y) g(x)$ not just to $f(y).$ or not? – lili Apr 19 '13 at 22:48
_USER_: Read the theorem carefully, if $y'=G(x,y)$, then we require $G$ to be Lipschitz continuous in $y$ and continuous in $x$. – Mhenni Benghorbal Apr 19 '13 at 23:12
ok! $f(y)$ must be lipschitz. But why lipschitz continuous? if $f$ is lipschiz, so she is continuous! – lili Apr 20 '13 at 9:30
1 Answer 1
$$f(y)g(x)=h(x,y) $$
If both $h(x,y)$ and $\displaystyle\frac{\partial h}{\partial y}(x,y) $ are continuous over some rectangle $R$ then for $(x_{0},y_{0})\in R$ the solution exists and it is unique
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Your Answer


text:
This rainbow playsilk display is a beautiful way to organize your silks.
Simply hang on a wall and slip your playsilks through.
It's easy enough for children to do independently and encourages young ones to keep their playrooms tidy.
Cleaning instructions: Wipe down and clean using a drop of soap and lukewarm water.
Sarah's Silks is devoted to sustainability and ethics, utilizing natural materials, minimizing their ecological footprint and supporting communities. They make sure everything they do contributes to improving working conditions in communities, both locally and abroad, and the environment. Silk is a naturally biodegradable fiber and when treated with nontoxic dyes, it can go on to provide nutrition for soil instead of landing in a trashcan. Sarah's Silks are free from harmful chemicals, including toxins and irritants, and are 100% safe and healthy, even for babies. Sarah's Silks uses minimal environmentally friendly packaging.


Families > Fall >
Christiana Fahl Gravestone
posted May 18, 2010, 6:35 AM by James Wise [ updated Aug 29, 2010, 10:32 PM by Travis Wise ]
Gravestone of Christiana Fahl found through "FindAGrave" at Beavertown Cemetery, Beavertown, Snyder Co, PA. According to the gravestone she was born around Jan 16, 1777 and died Feb 7, 1861. She was 84 years and 22 days old. Other Falls found using "FindAGrave" in the Beavertown Cemetery were Samuel Fall and Cora Fall.
Could Christiana Fahl and Christena Falls be the same person. It is possible, since consistent spelling of names was hit or miss. As far as ages, according to Christiana's gravestone in 1861 when she died she was 84 years old. Her approximate birth date would have been 1877. On the 1860 Census, Christena's age was indicated at 75, giving her a possible birth date around 1885.
Neither the differences in names or age preclude them from being the same person, but more information is needed to know either way.


Wonnangatta Station
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All that remains today of the Wonnangatta Station homestead. The stones outline the original floorplan.
Wonnangatta Station is located in Victoria
Wonnangatta Station
Wonnangatta Station
Wonnangatta Station location
The Wonnangatta Station was a cattle station located in a remote valley of the Victorian Alps, Australia. According to writer Harry Stephenson the station, while it operated, was "the most isolated homestead in Victoria." [1][2]
The nearest population centres were the goldfield towns of Talbotville, about 20 miles (32 km) away, Grant and Dargo to the south-east, and the larger town of Mansfield, about 80 miles (130 km) away over the Great Dividing Range.
The Wonnangatta Station homestead was accidentally burnt down by bushwalkers in 1957. Some stockyards and the old cemetery, which has been restored to something resembling its original form, survive. Today the area is part of the Alpine National Park, and is only accessible by Four-wheel drive, dirt bike, horse or on foot. The station remains a popular offroad destination and has numerous facilities for campers, including septic toilets and concrete fire pits.
The station had been established in the 1860s by Oliver Smith, a North American who came across the valley while prospecting for gold. Smith's common law wife Ellen or "Nancy"[3] and her son Harry joined him and a homestead was built near the junction of the Wonnangatta River and Conglomerate Creek.[4]
Some time later Ellen died in childbirth,[5] and soon after Smith sold out to William Bryce before eventually returning to the United States.
The Bryce family then occupied the station while Ellen's son Harry Smith moved down the valley and established himself at Eaglevale. The Bryce family remained a presence at Wonnangatta until Mrs Bryce died in 1914 at the age of 78. Ten Bryce children were brought up at Wonnangatta. As the children grew up they moved away and after Mrs Bryce's death the property was sold to Mansfield owners in 1916, who installed a manager to run the station.
The Wonnangatta Murders[edit]
The station and surrounding area are the site of the still-unsolved Wonnangatta murders which occurred in late 1917 and 1918.
See also[edit]
 1. ^ Stephenson, Harry (1980) Cattlemen and Huts of the High Plains. p. 69. Graphic Books, Armidale, Victoria, Australia ISBN 0-949847-00-3
 2. ^ Homestead location 37°12′29″S 146°49′50″E / 37.207950°S 146.830665°E / -37.207950; 146.830665.
 3. ^ Mortimer, Wallace. (1980) The History of Wonnangatta Station. p.10-11, Spectrum Publications, Richmond, Australia ISBN 0-909837-90-2.
 4. ^ Stephenson, Harry (1980) p.57
 5. ^ Stephenson dates this event as 1866, Mortimer as 1873. Her headstone at the station cemetery is apparently indecipherable
External links[edit]
Coordinates: 37°12′30″S 146°49′52″E / 37.20833°S 146.83111°E / -37.20833; 146.83111


adjective, warmer, warmest.
having or giving out a moderate degree of heat, as perceived by the senses: a warm bath.
of or at a moderately high temperature; characterized by comparatively high temperature: a warm oven; a warm climate; a warm summer.
having a sensation of bodily heat: to be warm from fast walking.
conserving or maintaining warmth or heat: warm clothes.
(of colors) suggestive of warmth; inclining toward red or orange rather than toward green or blue.
characterized by or showing lively feelings, passions, emotions, sympathies, etc.: a warm heart; warm interest.
strongly attached; intimate: warm friends.
cordial or hearty: a warm welcome.
heated, irritated, or angry: to become warm when contradicted.
animated, lively, brisk, or vigorous: a warm debate.
strong or fresh: a warm scent.
close to something sought, as in a game.
uncomfortable or unpleasant: His opponents made things so warm that he decided to quit.
British Informal. well off; in easy circumstances.
verb (used with object)
to make warm; heat (often followed by up ): to warm one's hands; to warm up a room.
to heat or cook (something) for reuse, as leftovers (usually followed by over or up ): to warm up yesterday's stew.
to excite enthusiasm, ardor, cheerfulness, or vitality in (someone): The wine soon warmed the company.
to inspire with kindly feeling; affect with lively pleasure: It warms my soul to hear you say that.
to fill (a person, crowd, etc.) with strong feelings, as hatred, anger, or zeal: Restrictions had warmed the crew to the point of mutiny.
verb (used without object)
to become warm or warmer (often followed by up ): The room will warm up when the fire gets going.
to become ardent, enthusiastic, animated, etc. (often followed by up or to ): The speaker quickly warmed to her subject.
to grow kindly, friendly, or sympathetically disposed (often followed by to or toward ): My heart warms toward him.
Informal. a warming: Sit by the fire and have a nice warm.
Verb phrases
warm down, to conclude or follow a period of strenuous physical exercise by walking or gentle stretching.
warm up,
to prepare for a game, sports contest, dance, etc., by moderate exercise or practice beforehand.
to increase in excitement, intensity, violence, etc.: The racial situation was warming up.
to become friendlier or more receptive: No matter how hard I tried, I just couldn't warm up to that proposal.
Radio and Television. to entertain (an audience) prior to a broadcast to increase receptiveness.
warm the bench, Sports. to serve as a substitute who rarely plays in a game: The young outfielder warmed the bench for the Yankees last season.
before 900; (adj.) Middle English werm, warm, Old English wearm; cognate with German warm, Old Norse varmr; (v.) Middle English warmen, wermen, Old English werman, wirman (transitive), wearmian (intransitive), both akin to the adj.; (noun) derivative of the v.
warmer, noun
warmish, adjective
warmly, adverb
warmness, noun
overwarmed, adjective
prewarm, verb (used with object)
rewarm, verb
unwarmed, adjective
unwarming, adjective
well-warmed, adjective
1. lukewarm, tepid, heated. 6. hearty, enthusiastic, fervent, fervid, emotional, ardent. 7. friendly, close. 8. fervent. 9. annoyed, vexed, irate, furious. 10. vehement. 17. animate, excite, waken, stir, rouse, arouse.
1–3, 5, 8. cool.
Dictionary.com Unabridged
Cite This Source Link To warming
World English Dictionary
warm (wɔːm)
1. characterized by or having a moderate degree of heat; moderately hot
2. maintaining or imparting heat: a warm coat
3. having or showing ready affection, kindliness, etc: a warm personality
4. lively, vigorous, or passionate: a warm debate
5. cordial or enthusiastic; ardent: warm support
6. quickly or easily aroused: a warm temper
7. (of colours) predominantly red or yellow in tone
8. (of a scent, trail, etc) recently made; strong
9. near to finding a hidden object or discovering or guessing facts, as in children's games
10. informal uncomfortable or disagreeable, esp because of the proximity of danger
vb (when intr, often foll by to) (often foll by to)
11. (sometimes foll by up) to raise or be raised in temperature; make or become warm or warmer
12. to make or become excited, enthusiastic, etc (about): he warmed to the idea of buying a new car
13. to feel affection, kindness, etc (for someone): I warmed to her mother from the start
14. (Brit) (tr) to give a caning to: I'll warm you in a minute
15. informal a warm place or area: come into the warm
16. informal the act or an instance of warming or being warmed
[Old English wearm; related to Old Frisian, Old Saxon warm, Old Norse varmr]
Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 10th Edition
Cite This Source
Word Origin & History
O.E. wearm, from P.Gmc. *warmaz (cf. O.S., O.Fris., M.Du., O.H.G., Ger. warm, O.N. varmr, Goth. warmjan "to warm"), from PIE *gwher- (cf. Skt. gharmah "heat;" O.Pers. Garmapada-, name of the fourth month, corresponding to June/July, from garma- "heat;" Arm. jerm "warm;" Gk. thermos "warm;" L. formus
"warm," fornax "oven;" O.Ir. fogeir "heated;" Hitt. war- "to burn"). The root also may be connected to that of O.C.S. goriti "to burn," varu "heat," variti "to cook, boil;" and Lith. verdu "to seethe." The distinction, based on degree of heat, between "warm" and "hot" is general in Balto-Slavic and Gmc., but in other languages one word often covers both (cf. L. calidus, Gk. thermos, Fr. chaud, Sp. caliente). In reference to feelings, etc., attested from c.1480. Sense in guessing games first recorded 1860, from earlier hunting use in reference to scent or trail (1713). Warm-blooded in ref. to mammals is recorded from 1793. Warm-hearted first recorded c.1500.
O.E. wyrman "make warm" and wearmian "become warm;" from the root of warm (adj.). Phrase warm the bench is sports jargon first recorded 1907. Warm up (v.) "exercise before an activity" is attested from 1868. In ref. to appliances, motors, etc., attested from 1947. Noun phrase
warm-up "act or practice of warming up" is recorded from 1915.
Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper
Cite This Source
Example sentences for warming
Clouds clouds are another source of albedo that play into the global warming equation.
At times it seems he is warming to bec however his sister always talks him round.
A severe threat to the tundras, specifically to the permafrost, is global warming.
The underlying motivation for funding both companies is to help combat global warming.
Copyright © 2014 Dictionary.com, LLC. All rights reserved.
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How do you really pronounce Audi?
How is Porsche pronounced?
How is BMW pronounced?
Since 'BMW' is just a three-letter word, people tend to pronounce it in the English version – 'bee em double yoo'. However, being a German brand, the English pronunciation isn't valid for the brand name. Thus, the absolutely authentic pronunciation is 'bee em vee'.
What is the spelling of Audi car?
Audi. One of the most renowned luxury car manufacturer across the globe, Audi is a German car manufacturer, hence its name has a certain German touch to it. While we try to speak it in English as 'aw-di', it's actually pronounced as 'oww-dee'. Confused, well say it as if you are hurt – 'oww-dee'.


text:
6.4 Forecasting by analogy
A useful judgmental approach which is often implemented in practice is forecasting by analogy. A common example is the pricing of a house through an appraisal process. An appraiser estimates the market value of a house by comparing it to similar properties that have sold in the area. The degree of similarity depends on the attributes considered. With house appraisals, attributes such as land size, dwelling size, numbers of bedrooms and bathrooms, and garage space are usually considered.
Even thinking and discussing analogous products or situations can generate useful (and sometimes crucial) information. We illustrate this point with the following example.8
Example: Designing a high school curriculum
A small group of academics and teachers were assigned the task of developing a curriculum for teaching judgement and decision making under uncertainty for high schools in Israel. Each group member was asked to forecast how long it would take for the curriculum to be completed. Responses ranged between 18 and 30 months. One of the group members who was an expert in curriculum design was asked to consider analogous curricula developments around the world. He concluded that 40% of analogous groups he considered never completed the task. The rest took between 7 to 10 years. The Israel project was completed in 8 years.
Obviously, forecasting by analogy comes with challenges. We should aspire to base forecasts on multiple analogies rather than a single analogy, which may create biases. However, these may be challenging to identify. Similarly, we should aspire to consider multiple attributes. Identifying or even comparing these may not always be straightforward. As always, we suggest performing these comparisons and the forecasting process using a systematic approach. Developing a detailed scoring mechanism to rank attributes and record the process of ranking will always be useful.
A structured analogy
Alternatively, a structured approach comprising a panel of experts can be implemented, as was proposed by Green & Armstrong (2007). The concept is similar to that of a Delphi; however, the forecasting task is completed by considering analogies. First, a facilitator is appointed. Then the structured approach involves the following steps.
- A panel of experts who are likely to have experience with analogous situations is assembled.
- Tasks/challenges are set and distributed to the experts.
- Experts identify and describe as many analogies as they can, and generate forecasts based on each analogy.
- Experts list similarities and differences of each analogy to the target situation, then rate the similarity of each analogy to the target situation on a scale.
- Forecasts are derived by the facilitator using a set rule. This can be a weighted average, where the weights can be guided by the ranking scores of each analogy by the experts.
As with the Delphi approach, anonymity of the experts may be an advantage in not suppressing creativity, but could hinder collaboration. Green and Armstrong found no gain in collaboration between the experts in their results. A key finding was that experts with multiple analogies (more than two), and who had direct experience with the analogies, generated the most accurate forecasts.
Green, K. C., & Armstrong, J. S. (2007). Structured analogies for forecasting. International Journal of Forecasting, 23(3), 365–376. _URL_


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This is the problem: Find non-trivial example of (linaer connected) space X so that cone over X is homeomorphic to cylinder over X. Trivial examples are one point set and empty set. I have absolutely no idea.My friend says it's an interval, then cone is triangle and cylinder is a rectangle, but I don't agree that they are homeomorphic. Am I wrong?
share|improve this question
So the cylinder is $X \times I$ while the cone is $(X \times I )/ (X \times \{0\})$. – john mangual Oct 9 '12 at 15:10
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1 Answer
For a closed interval, the cone and cylinders are a closed triangle and rectangle, and those are homeomorphic because either is homeomorphic to a closed disk.
For an open interval, however, you get into trouble. Then then the cone contains an isolated boundary point but the cylinder doesn't.
For a half-open interval there's still trouble, because the boundary of the cone is a half-open interval but the boundary of the cylinder is a closed interval.
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Illustration for article titled How to Find a Stud Without a Stud Finder
We've all been there at some point: anxiously trying to find a wall stud while you're in the process of hanging a picture, shelf or TV mount. Most stud finders are inconsistent at best, and I've found the more I learn about how houses are built, the easier it is to find a stud through logic instead of equipment. In lieu of buying yet another tool, here are a few tips for finding a stud without any fancy equipment.
1. Understand wall construction
Photo: Construction Projects ( (Flickr)
Every house is different, but there are a few things you can count on. More modern stick-framed houses (anything built after 1920 or so) is likely built with 2×4 or 2×6 studs. Here are some things you should know about how walls are framed.
 - Studs are generally spaced between 16″- 24″ on center (which means from the middle of one stud, to the middle of one next to it.) 16″ is the most common dimension though.
 - You will also find studs on either side of a window or door, but their placement is determined by the floor plans so they won't typically have the 16″ spacing
 - Most electrical boxes (switches or outlets) are attached to a stud on one side.
 - The actual dimensions of a 2×4 lumber vary based on the date the house (or the particular wall of the house in question) was built. For example, between _PHONE_ rough cut 2×4's were most common and were actually 2″ by 4″, for the most part. Houses built between _PHONE_ might have 2x4s that are 1-⅝" by 3-⅝", more modern 2x4s are actually 1-½ by 3-½ (all of which matters if you're trying to measure from the center of one stud to the next.)
 - Trim (crown molding, baseboard, and shoe molding) is generally nailed to a stud.
2. Look at the trim
Since the baseboard should be attached to the studs, look to see if you can spot where it might have been nailed. These holes—dimples—are generally filled with caulk and painted, but you may be able to spot one to identify the location of a stud. If you find one, try measuring in 16″ increments to locate the additional studs.
3. Use the switch
Photo: Rebecca Landis ( (Flickr)
If you don't have any luck checking out the trim, look for switches or outlets, knowing that at least one side of an electrical box will be mounted on a stud. Personally I'm not great at doing the "knock test" on the wall, but I can usually detect from tapping which side of the outlet is attached to the stud. Then you can measure about 3/4″ away from the outlet on the stud side and use that as the starting point to determine the 16″ intervals.
4. Measure from the corner
Photo: garann ( (Flickr)
With studs generally 16″ on center, you can also do calculations from a corner of the room. This method can be a little iffy, because all rooms aren't built in numbers divisible by 16″ so you are likely to have a stud that is less than 16″ from one corner. Try the "knock test" near the corner to see if you can determine where the shorter stud-spacing might have been added. This only really works if you're measuring a corner off the exterior of the house, but there may be a situation where this helps (and it's certainly better than blindly drilling a dozen holes in your wall, hoping to hit a stud.)
Also, one of the very best ideas I had when building the addition on my last house was to take pictures of every wall in every room after they were framed in but before we hung the drywall. Those reference photos came in handy more times than I can count after the drywall was up.
This story was originally published on 9/18/14 and was updated on 6/6/19.
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Rmxprt to Maxwell creation
Whenever I convert Generator (Rmxprt Design ) to Generator (Maxwell-2D) it shows give me the different result of power and torque calculation of permanent magnet synchronous generator. can anyone help how these results are different in Rmxprt and Maxwell-2D? and one more thing how the Moving torque calculated in Simulation.
Rajesh Sirvi
IIT Kanpur
 - nchodenchode Forum Coordinator
 RMxprt result depends on the load type selected during the solution setup.
 For example, if you selected a constant power operation and defined the rated output power and rated speed. Rmxprt will output the proportional torque that will satisfy this condition, provided if it is achievable as per your configuration.
 So, the power output will be the rated output power you defined in the solution setup and torque will be such that it satisfies the power and speed condition.
 Coming to maxwell, It will calculate the max power that can be developed at the specified motion setup(angular velocity). thus the torque and output power may be different.
 Best Regards
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