Will Chickens Die Without a Heat Lamp
Will Chickens Die Without a Heat Lamp? (Ideal Temperatures Explained)
Generally speaking, adult chickens are incredibly hardy and well-prepared to survive in sub-zero temperatures without the need for heat. Baby chicks, on the other hand, are fragile when born and usually require a heat lamp for the first few weeks.
Whether or not you'll need a heat lamp for your chicks depends on how consistently you can keep the temperature within the ideal range for them. It typically makes raising chicks a lot easier for those first few weeks in most cases.
Should You Use a Heat Lamp in a Chicken Coop?
If you browse Amazon you'll see all kinds of heat lamps and heaters designed for chicken coops to help keep your chooks nice and warm.
Personally, I've never known someone to use a heater in their coop. I've known people that have raised chickens in some pretty cold places, too, like Alaska and northern Canada.
Whenever the topic of heating a coop comes up within the backyard chicken community, there are always raised eyebrows due to the potential risks.
Assuming you're going to have the heater on overnight, there is always the risk of an electrical fault or something else causing a fire while you're sleeping.
I'm not suggesting any of these products are anything less than safe! I'm just repeating what I hear when I speak with other chicken owners.
Chickens (most breeds) are well equipped to deal with sub-zero temperatures. Their plumage traps air in between their feathers, and they will cozy up together when roosting to stay warm.
There is rarely the need to insulate a coop at all, let alone heat it.
The key things that you should always keep in mind in regards to keeping your chickens warm enough are moisture and wind chill. Those are the two things that will lower that core temperature to dangerous levels.
Coops need good ventilation to remove the ammonia and keep fresh air flowing through. But your chicken's roosting bar, nesting boxes, and some other areas should be free from wind blowing through.
If your chickens get wet during the day, you shouldn't leave them all soggy in a cold coop. Just think how you'd feel!
RelatedCan chickens really drown in the rain?
Do Chicks Need a Heat Lamp?
Chicks need to be kept warm when they first hatch. They don't have any feathers yet and aren't able to regulate their own temperature at a safe level.
In the wild, this would be mother hen's job. She will have sat on those eggs for around 21 days to hatch them and will continue to allow her baby chicks to bury themselves in her plumage to keep warm.
When hatching chicks at home, however, you'll use an incubator to mimic those 21 days. Incubators keep eggs within the optimal temperature range of 35 to 40.5°C (84.5 – 104.9°F).
When chicks hatch, they can be moved into a brooder. A brooder is essentially a safe place where baby chicks can be kept warm, fed, and looked after.
Most brooders either come with a lamp, or it's recommended you use one. This is because you need to keep the temperature between 35 to 37.8°C (95 – 100°F) for the first couple of weeks of baby chicks' lives.
You can then start to lower the temperature by 5 degrees a week for around 6 weeks until you've lowered the temperature to around 80-75 degrees.
By then, chicks are usually ready to survive the outdoors. It depends on how developed their feathers are and what the weather is like. Different breeds will be fully feathered at different ages, always act on the side of caution.
Here's an overview of the recommended temperature ranges to keep baby chicks at:
Age of Chick (weeks)Temperature (F)
So, the answer as to whether or not you need a heat lamp for chicks is whether or not you can keep them at or around those temperatures.
There are other ways you can provide warmth. I've heard of people using hot water bottles and keeping a brooder in a warm place and their chicks grew up just fine.
However, if you're new to raising chicks, using a heat lamp is by far the easiest way to ensure they're going to be kept nice and warm around the clock.
RelatedWondering if you can hatch supermarket eggs? Read this!
What Temperature Is Too Cold for Chickens?
This is also a tough question to answer with a one-size-fits-all answer, because, again it depends on what breed of chicken we're talking about.
Some chickens are much more equipped to deal with cold temperatures than others. As you can probably guess, generally speaking, bigger hens with a thicker plumage are considered more cold-weather hardy.
This would include breeds like the Brahma, Wyandotte, Sussex, and Cochin. All large, well-feathered birds with plenty of insulation.
You do have to be mindful of frostbite though. Chicken's combs, in particular, are prone to frostbite in extreme conditions. The first sign of frostbite is usually blackening at the tips of the comb.
On the other hand, small chickens like bantams, and some breeds like the Polish, Old Game Fowl, and Fayoumi are not cold weather chickens.
They are lacking the body mass and thick coats to deal with sub-zero temperatures!
RelatedRead more about chicks and what temperatures they need here.
In Summary
If you've been worried about your chickens freezing out there in the cold while you're tucked up all nice and warm in your bed, hopefully, I've reassured you that they'll be just fine.
Using heat lamps for baby chicks to ensure they're warm during their first few weeks it's important. After that, most chickens are fine to be outside in all temperatures and weather conditions and will do just fine.
As long as you're keeping all their basic needs met; adequate housing, plenty of food, and fresh drinking water, you'll be pleasantly surprised how hardy chickens are.
Image credits – Header photo by Sarah Halliday on Unsplash


text:
Trailers may be attached insofar as
- the permitted total mass of the trailer does not exceed 750 kg or
- the permitted total mass of the combination amounts to no more than 3,500 kg.
The minimum age for obtaining a Class B driving license is 18 or, in the case of accompanied driving, 17. Possession of a different class is not required. The driving license is valid for 15 years, whereas the permission to drive is unlimited. Every new driving license-holder receives this for a two-year trial period..
Training may commence six months before reaching the minimum age. The theoretical test may be taken at the earliest three months before the respective birthday, the practical test at the earliest one month before the respective birthday.
Legally prescribed minimum extent of theoretical instruction:
- 14 double lessons, each of 90 minutes; 12 units of basic instruction + two units of class-specific instruction.
Legally prescribed minimum extent of practical special driving units:
- 5 lessons each lasting at least 45 minutes on primary or country roads and
- 4 lessons each lasting at least 45 minutes on motorways or similar roads and
- 3 lessons each lasting at least 45 minutes in twilight or at night.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


- Origin of Name
 - Facts & Statistics
 - National Anthem
 - Flags
 - Geography
abstract composition of Libya
hieroglyphic name Rebu
The Berber name Rebu in ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics.
The Origin of The Name Libya:
There are several theories attempting to explain the origin of the name, but it is almost certain that it comes from the ancient Berber tribe known to the ancient Egyptians as Rebu or Ribu; from which the Greeks derived "Libya", and which the Arabs of today's Egypt know as Lubia, whence Lubians, in line with their relatives and neighbours the Nubians. The name "Libia", as found in the archaeological site of "Qaser Libia", in Cyrenaica, is widely thought to have been derived from the ancient village of Olbia. Some sources also derive the names "Libya" and "Lubda" (Leptis Magna) from Lewwa, one of the Berber ancestors given by Ibn Khaldun. However, the Greek form Leptis itself was derived from the Berber and Punic Libqi, which Bates linked to the Berber Ribu.
According to the Berber Leo Africanus (1600, p.13), it was called "Libya" by the Greeks, "Because it was in old time conquered by Libs the king of Mauritania. In the holie scriptures it is called Chamesis, by the Arabians and Ethiopians Alkebulam, and by the Indians Besecath." In the Bible the Libyans appeared as the Lubim, or Lebahim, the son of Mizraim; which Oric Bates was the first to identify with the modern variant Ta-Mazigh-t -- an appellation widely applied to the proud Berbers of North Africa.
The proposed etymology of 'Libya' being moisture has no support other than the "Libyan wind" which brought rain to Greek mainland; and as it is obvious that Greek Libu is the same as Egyptian Ribu one does not need to propose a Greek etymology for a name that is not Greek. The proper etymology must be sought in the mother language of the given word - the ancient Libyan language: Tamazight, others know as 'Berber'. Egyptian and Berber languages are both members of the Hamitic branch of the Hamito-Samitic linguistic family, and many of the ancient Egyptian and Berber mythical gods and goddesses are still represented on the rock art of the great Mother Sahara, in what is known as the largest collection of prehistoric art in the world: well over one hundred thousand sites.
ancient Libyans in Egyptian drawings
Ancient Libyans, as pictured by the ancient Egyptians.
The Mythology of The Name Libya:
Libya was also the name of the Goddess known to the Greeks as the Goddess Libya, and also of the whole continent before the Romans named it Africa after the Berber Goddess Afri. In mythology, the "Goddess Libya" had three sons by the Libyan Sea-God Poseidon: Belus, Agenor and Lelex. King Belus ruled at Chemmis or Chamesis of Leo Africanus, Agenor migrated to Cana'an (the Middle East), and Lelex became king of Megara. The wife of Belus Anchinoe, daughter of the Nile-god Nilus, bore him three sons: Aegyptus, Danaus and Cepheus, and one daughter: Lamia, the Libyan Snake-goddess. The myth relates an interesting "deception tale" in which Danaus was sent to rule Libya where he had fifty daughters, and Aegyptus, who had fifty sons, ruled over Egypt.
The Political Name of Libya:
The following map shows how the country looked like during the colonial periods. A look at the map of Egypt (bordered red) shows traces of the ancient Libya, as in the "Libyan Desert", the site of the Libyan Desert Glass, and the "Libyan Plateau". No much was left of Libya then; just an Italian-occupied regency called TRIPOLI.
Map of Libya
Map of Libya & North Africa in 1914, showing The Country Tripoli (in green).
From: Harmsworth's Atlas of The World And Pictorial Gazetteer With An Atlas of The Great War,
Edited by J. A. Hammerton, The Amalgamated Press, LTD., London, pp. 284-285.
In 1912 the Ottoman Turks surrendered control of Tripoli to Italy in accordance with the Treaty of Lausanne. In 1918 the Tripolitanian Republic was created to become the first ever republic in North Africa & the Middle East; only to be destroyed by the Italians a few years later. Following the Benyadem Peace Accord the constitution (known as The Primary Law) was created for the republic on May 1919, and an 8-member government was appointed for the Republic. Unfortunately the Tripolitanian Republic never gained the full support in the 1919 Paris Peace Conference, and subsequently it disappeared from the pages of history.
libya map during imperial military geography
1920's Italian Tripoli, from:
"Imperial Military Geography", by D. H. Cole, London, 1928, p. 78.
This map shows how Tripoli was enlarged by the colonial powers in 1919 to arrive at the current map of Libya: the area between the dotted lines and the actual borders (on the left) was given to Italy by France in accordance with the secret treaty of London; while the area between the dotted lines and the actual borders (on the right) was given to Italy by Britain. Note how the borders with Sudan were before 1935, when Italy received the "Aouzou Strip" as a result of the Mussolini-Laval agreement. The Libyans fiercely resisted the Italian takeover (from the Turks) and continued to fight the Italians until 1931, when the fascists hanged the leader of the resistance Omar Almukhtar, in humiliation before his conquered people.
libya map under Italian occupation in 1934
Libya under Italian occupation, 1934.
Image based on the image from: Administrative subdivision of Italian Libya, from "Atlantino storico" (1938),
by professor Arcangelo Ghisleri (_PHONE_),
via _URL_
The actual name "LIBYA" as a state (or a country) came into effect for the first time around 1934 when the provinces of Tripolitania and Cyrenaica were united during the Italian occupation; initially Fezzan was not included. In 1943 Italian Tripoli came under the control of the Allied forces: the British took Tripolitania and Cyrenaica (the British Military Administration of Libya), while France took Fezzan (the Military Territory of Fezzan-Ghadames). However, all the three provinces were united into one country (namely Libya) on the 24th of December 1951, when Libya was granted its (so-called) independence to become the United Kingdom of Libya.
Shortly after the installation of Colonel Mua'mmar al-Qaddafi (Gaddafi) in 1969, Libya became known as the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, where the last word became synonymous with Libya. Many Libyans feel the introduction of the term "Arab" by the government into the name of Libya does not democratically represent all the true populations of Libya, originally inhabited by the Berbers ('Imazighen'), and still is inhabited by the Berbers in various parts of the country, including most of Nafousa Mountain, Zuwarah, Ghadames, Jalo, Awjlah, and most of the Sahara, the home of the Berber Tuareg confederacies.
However, "Libya" is back as the official name of the country after the installation of the National Transitional Council (NTC) in 2011; only to be changed once more on the 8th of January 2013 by the GNC to: "The Country Libya", or "The State of Libya" (دولة ليبيا); until the final name is decided by the forthcoming constitution. No one knows why the word "state" was added to the official name - maybe to distinguish it from "The Goddess Libya"!
map of ancient Libya during the Egyptian empire
Map of Ancient Libya, showing the locations of the native Berber tribes of Ancient Egypt.
The above ancient map, which is over 2000 years older than the colonial map, shows there was no Egypt, just a huge expanse of land known to classical geographers and historians as Libya, to the extent that the name Libya also came to designate the whole continent of Africa. When the Romans arrived through the western gates (Tripolitania and Tunisia), they adopted the name Aprica or Africa, originally from the Berber name of the local tribes who inhabited the region, as in Yefren today, and thereafter Libya became known as Africa. This means that the names "Libya" and "Africa" are both Berber in origin.
Facts & Statistics
 - Name: Libya (ليبيا).
 - Nationality: Libyan (لیبی, ليبيية).
 - Capital: Tripoli.
 - Area: 1.759.540 sq. km.
 - Coastline: 1,770 km.
 -


text:
Background: Decision-making processes in a medical setting are complex, dynamic and under time pressure, often with serious consequences for a patient's condition.
Objective: The principal aim of the present study was to trace and map the individual diagnostic process of real medical cases using a Decision Process Matrix [DPM]).
Methods: The naturalistic decision-making process of 11 residents and a total of 55 medical cases were recorded in an emergency department, and a DPM was drawn up according to a semi-structured technique following four steps: 1) observing and recording relevant information throughout the entire diagnostic process, 2) assessing options in terms of suspected diagnoses, 3) drawing up an initial version of the DPM, and 4) verifying the DPM, while adding the confidence ratings.
Results: The DPM comprised an average of 3.2 suspected diagnoses and 7.9 information units (cues). The following three-phase pattern could be observed: option generation, option verification, and final diagnosis determination. Residents strove for the highest possible level of confidence before making the final diagnoses (in two-thirds of the medical cases with a rating of practically certain) or excluding suspected diagnoses (with practically impossible in half of the cases).
Discussion: The following challenges have to be addressed in the future: real-time capturing of emerging suspected diagnoses in the memory of the physician, definition of meaningful information units, and a more contemporary measurement of confidence.
Conclusions: DPM is a useful tool for tracing real and individual diagnostic processes. The methodological approach with DPM allows further investigations into the underlying cognitive diagnostic processes on a theoretical level and improvement of individual clinical reasoning skills in practice.


text:
Parks in this Network
Southwest Alaska Network
The SWAN I&M Program is one of 32 National Park Service I&M Networks across the country established to facilitate collaboration, information sharing, and economies of scale in natural resource monitoring. It is comprised of five national park units, each of which contain a rich and varied array of natural and cultural resources. These parks and their partners are dedicated to understanding and preserving the region's unique resources through science and education.
A summary of projects, observations, and new methods used by SWAN during the 2012 summer field season
A listing of published reports concerning natural resources that are monitored and managed at Southwest Alaska Network parks.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Grammar 101: Discrete and DiscreetApril 10th, 2009 by Michael Kwan
For many of these Grammar 101 posts, I've focused on the confusion between a pair of seemingly similar words, like compliment and complement. Today, we're doing that again by discussing the difference between discrete and discreet. In terms of spelling, the only difference is that the final two letters are transposed. In terms of meaning, the words are worlds apart.
Discrete is defined as being a separate entity or part. A discrete element is distinctly separated from the other elements. The American flag is composed of three discrete colors: red, white, and blue. These three colors are completely separate and independent. The colors of the rainbow, by contrast, are not quite discrete, because they blend into one another. They are not distinctly independent and separated from one another.
Discreet, by contrast, refers to a respect for privacy or secrecy. Some definitions will say that it also refers to modesty or prudence, but more widespread usage refers to keeping something private. If you are telling your friend to keep a secret, you are telling him to keep that piece of information discreet. Alternatively, you could think of something as being "discreet" if it is meant to not draw too much attention. It lurks in the shadows or blends into the background. Dennis Rodman, for instance, is anything but discreet.
A great way to remember the difference between discrete and discreet? With the former, the two Es are separated from one another by the T. The two Es are discrete and distinctly separate from one another. With discreet, the T is pushed to the end of the word, as if it is a secret lurking in the shadows.
Don't be discreet with your good grammar. Be discretely better.
Filed under Freelance Writing.


text:
What are the negative effects of collagen in the ankle and how does it affect healing?What does a baroreceptor detect? Select one: O A. oxygen O B. pressure 0 C. pH OD. water content
The post What Are The Negative Effects Of Collagen In The Ankle And How Does It Affect Healing first appeared on homeworkcrew.
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What is a standard implicature?
A standard implicature is a conversational implicature based on an addressee's assumption that the speaker is being cooperative by directly observing the conversational maxims.
Example (English)
 - In the following exchange, A assumes that B is being cooperative, truthful, adequately informative, relevant, and clear. Thus, A can infer that B thinks A can get fuel at the garage:
 - A: I've just run out of petrol.
 - B: Oh; there's a garage just around the corner.
 - Generic
 A standard implicature is a kind of
 Levinson 1983 104
 Context for this page:
 Page content last modified: 5 January 2004
 © 2004 SIL International


text:
Uses and benefits of electric fencing
Animal control is perhaps the most widely recognized reason for power fencing. Not only does power fencing keep domestic animals and livestock contained, it has various other important uses, including:
- Keeping wild animals out
- Separating different groups of animals
- Allowing rationing of crops and pasture
- Fencing animals off from eroding areas, trees, rivers and roads
Power fencing has revolutionized pasture management techniques and better pasture management means better profitability for farmers. Permanent or portable power fences are used to subdivide pasture to ensure even distribution of manure over grazing areas. In this way, pastures are kept fresh, short and palatable which ultimately leads to increased milk and meat production. If you are interested in finding out more about pasture management techniques.
Other key benefits of power fencing:
- Easily constructed and maintained
- Durable, because of low physical contact
- Light weight and easily transported
- Easily modified
- Less animal hide and pelt damage
- Deterrent to trespassers and predators
For convenient, economical animal control, improved pasture management and more profitable farming, a Gallagher Power Fence System is the trusted solution.


California Tort Claims Act 2017
California's Tort Claims Act (CTCA) includes the rules and regulations that govern how claims are filed against a government entity. If the government is to be named in a lawsuit, the claim must fall within the guidelines of the California Tort Claims Act.
Situations wherein your claim will fall under the Act include:
 - You trip and fall in a government building
 - A county vehicle is involved in a motor vehicle accident with you
If a government employee or agency was negligent in some way, you'll need to follow the guidelines of the California Tort Claims Act. But if the government was not involved in any way leading up to your injury, a personal injury lawsuit can be filed.
Timely Written Claims: 6 Months to File
A public entity can only be sued if the plaintiff:
 - Provides a written claim for damages
 - Provides the written claim within 6 months of the incident
Unlike personal injury claims which have a two-year period to file a lawsuit, you must file a lawsuit against a governmental entity, or public entity, within a six-month period. Failure to make your claim within this time, which will be presented to the entity in question, will void your ability to file a claim.
The time starts to tick once the incident occurs – when you're filled with medical urgencies, financial issues and life-changing events.
If you've made your claim in accordance to the government code, you'll need to wait.
Public Entity Responsibility
If you've provided your written claim, the public entity must respond in a 45-day period after being served. The public entity will respond with the entity's action on the claim. The entity has four main options at this point in the claim process:
 1. Reject the claim
 2. Accept the claim
 3. Reject in part
 4. Compromise
Reject in part and compromise are the two options that provide the most concern. An entity has the legal right to reject in part, but accept the balance of the claim. A compromise will be a negotiation wherein you'll need to go back and forth with the entity.
What happens if you don't receive a response?
 1. If no response is given to your claim, the court will view this as a rejection. A rejected claim can be beneficial because a claim that's rejected provides a 2-year period from the date of the injury to file suit.
 2. If a proper response is given, you as the claimant, have just six months to file suit.
You have just six months to file suit, so it's imperative to file within the statute of limitations or lose your right to file. Government agencies and employees often respond to written notices. It's very unlikely that the notice will go unanswered, although it can and does occur.
Limitations and Expectations Under the California Tort Claims Act
CTCA encompasses all civil liability for money and damages. You can follow the Act when you're in a car accident with a government employee or you fall in a government building due to a negligent act that failed to make an essential repair.
Negligence of a government employee must fall within:
 - The scope of employment
 - In the course of a government function
For example, if a government employee was out on the weekend, enjoying a day off and was in a car accident, they cannot be sued as a government employee. A personal injury claim would need to be filed instead.
And if the employee decided to go to the bar when they were in the middle of work, the government agency can argue that the accident was caused by actions not within the scope of the employee's job.
Under the CTCA, you cannot file a claim against the negligent person directly.
So, if you can file a claim against the local government, you cannot target the employee directly in a separate case. This provides protection for employees and ensures that multiple cases for the same circumstance are not filed.
Public entitles are liable for injuries that are a result of the entity's failure to carry out their duty.
In essence, this means that if a public entity is tasked with protecting the public in some way and doesn't carry out their duty, they may face legal action. A fire department is a great example of a public entity that has a duty to the public.
If the fire department failed to respond to a call, the person injured in the fire can seek damages against the fire department.
But there are some exceptions to the law, too, such as:
 - Injuries related to failed or passed legislation
 - Injuries sustained by the National Guard
 - Injuries due to the issuing of a permit, license or order
 - Injuries due to failing to enforce the law
 - Injuries due to misrepresentation
You cannot sue the government for their failure to pass a legislation. You can also not sue the government because they supplied a driver with a license and said driver caused a motor vehicle accident.
The CTCA requires that the government or the employee had to act in some negligent manner to be held responsible under the CTCA.
Filing a Claim
If you plan to file a claim against a county, state or government entity or agency in California, you must provide a written notice with the following information:
 - Name and mailing address of the claimant
 - Mailing address where notices are to be mailed
 - Date of the incident
 - Location of the incident
 - Detailed description of the incident
 - Name of government entity or employees that caused the injury (when possible)
You'll also need to claim losses. If the losses are under $10,000, you must list the claim and note how the figure was calculated. If the claim of losses is more than $10,000, you'll need to determine if the case is a limited civil case, or a case where you're seeking less than $25,000 in damages.
Many municipalities in California offer a free form that will act as a written notice. I recommend searching for and using one of these forms when available. The forms streamline the notice process and ensure that you provide all necessary information to move forward with your claim.
If you or a loved one has been injured and it was not your fault you shouldn't hesitate to contact Hamparyan Injury Lawyers to arrange a free consultation to assess whether you are eligible to file a personal injury claim.
I'm with you every step of the way.
Schedule Your Free Case Consultation
We'll Come To You
Call Us Anytime
Completely Free Consultation
 - Date Format: MM slash DD slash YYYY


text:
Computer Engineering Institute, The Technological University of the Mixteca (UTM), Carretera Huajuapan-Acatlima Km. 2.5, Huajuapan de León, 69000 Oaxaca, Mexico
Copyright © 2010 Ricardo Pérez-Aguila. This is an open access article distributed under the
Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
This work is devoted to present a methodology for the computation of Discrete Compactness in -dimensional orthogonal pseudo-polytopes. The proposed procedures take in account compactness' definitions originally presented for the 2D and 3D cases and extend them directly for considering the D case. There are introduced efficient algorithms for computing discrete compactness which are based on an orthogonal polytopes representation scheme known as the Extreme Vertices Model in the -Dimensional Space (D-EVM). It will be shown the potential of the application of Discrete Compactness in higher-dimensional contexts by applying it, through EVM-based algorithms, in the classification of video sequences, associated to the monitoring of a volcano's activity, which are expressed as 4D orthogonal polytopes in the space-color-time geometry.


text:
The United States Department of Defense ran a project to analyse the current and historical use of marksmanship training. The analysis compared costs of using traditional live-fire training alone versus using simulator training. Research on the effectiveness of using the simulator training, conducted previously is used as a basis for the effectiveness analysis. The questions researched are:
"Can using the simulator training reduce training costs compared to using live-fire ranges alone?"
"Will continued use of the simulator training be as effective as using live fire alone?"
The project identifies current virtual training systems and analyses potential opportunities for cost savings. The data supported the hypothesis that the simulator training system will reduce costs over the years that it is used to supplement live-fire ranges. A cost analysis was conducted, and a sensitivity report generated. Results provided an estimate of the per-person cost of training, logistics savings, and virtual system benefits. The analysis concludes that a well-sequenced mix of simulator training and live-fire training would maximise cost savings — and is as good for overall marksmanship quality as live-fire alone.


Clearing cookies from a QML WebView
From Nokia Developer Wiki
Jump to: navigation, search
This article shows how to clear cookies from a QML WebView
Article Metadata
Code ExampleCompatibility
Platform Security
Signing Required: Self-Signed
Capabilities: NetworkServices
Keywords: WebView, QNetworkAccessManager, QNetworkCookieJar, QmlApplicationViewer
Created: ajakl (19 Jan 2012)
Last edited: hamishwillee (31 May 2013)
In some cases, you need to clear the cookies (or the cache) from a (QML) WebView. In general, the WebView doesn't have persistent storage for cookies after the session ended, that is when you quit the application (a solution to implement persistent cookies is described in QTBUG-16449). However, it can be useful to clear cookies while the application is running, for example if you need to do Facebook authentication in a WebView.
In Qt C++, cookies and the cache are controlled by the QNetworkAccessManager used by the QWebView. This network access manager doesn't have its direct representation in QML; however, it's possible to get a pointer to the instance of the access manager that QML is using to access the Internet. Through this instance, you can then replace the cookie jar of the access manager with a newly constructed (= empty) object, which essentially cleans out all the cookies. If you want to have more control and only delete specific cookies, you would need to provide your own QNetworkCookieJar subclass; but this is not the focus of this article.
To trigger the replacement of the cookie jar from QML, you need to glue it to C++. This can be done in the standard way how to call a C++ method from QML. In short: create a QObject instance, mark the C++ method as Q_INVOKABLE and set your class instance as a context property to the declarative engine. Then, you can directly call your cookie-jar-replacement-method from within QML.
Example Application
The small example app is based on the standard Qt Quick Application wizard template from Qt Creator and demonstrates the whole process:
 - Start the app and wait for the web page to load (by default a 3rd party cookie test page).
 - In the web page, click the "Set Test Cookie" button and wait for the page to reload, listing the cookie as set.
 - Now, click the red banner at the top of the page to clear the cookies and to reload the page.
 - Note that the cookie is gone.
Download the example app: File:WebviewCookies.zip
This class is set up in a way so that it can be triggered from QML, and has a method called clearCookies() that replaces the cookie jar from the network access manager used by the web view with a new and empty one, essentially clearing all cookies. The ownership of the new QNetworkCookieJar is transferred to the QNetworkAccessManager.
Header file:
class NetworkAccessManagerInteractor : public QObject
explicit NetworkAccessManagerInteractor(QDeclarativeEngine *declarativeEngine, QObject *parent = 0);
public slots:
Q_INVOKABLE void clearCookies();
QDeclarativeEngine* m_declarativeEngine;
NetworkAccessManagerInteractor::NetworkAccessManagerInteractor(QDeclarativeEngine *declarativeEngine, QObject *parent) :
void NetworkAccessManagerInteractor::clearCookies()
QNetworkAccessManager * nam = m_declarativeEngine->networkAccessManager();
if (nam) {
QNetworkCookieJar * emptyCookieJar = new QNetworkCookieJar();
// QNetworkAccessManager takes ownership of the cookieJar object.
qDebug() << "Replaced cookie jar";
} else {
qDebug() << "Unable to retrieve Network Access Manager from declarative engine";
Registering the class with the declarative engine
The new class needs to be registered with the declarative engine at application startup, so that the clearCookies() method can be called from the QML environment.
QmlApplicationViewer viewer;
NetworkAccessManagerInteractor* nami = new NetworkAccessManagerInteractor(viewer.engine(), &viewer);
viewer.rootContext()->setContextProperty("nami", nami);
return app->exec();
Triggering the clear cookies method from QML
The simple QML file contains a webview and a self-made red button; when clicked, it triggers the C++ method to clear the cookies and reloads the page in the webview.
import QtQuick 1.1
import QtWebKit 1.0
Rectangle {
id: rectangle2
width: 360
height: 360
Rectangle {
id: myButton
height: 60
color: "_TAG_"
anchors.right: parent.right
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text:
A two-minute warning stoppage in American Football occurs twice during a four-quarter game. The pause occurs in the second and fourth quarters of every game. The clock stops at the conclusion of the two-minute mark, and it acts as a mini timeout for teams to strategize on what to do next. So what is the history of the two-minute warning, why it began, and why does it still exist today? Here is the entire breakdown of the two-minute warning in American Football.
When Did the Two-Minute-Warning Begin in American Football?
The two minute-warning began in the NFL in 1942. During this time, no official game clock was present for fans and players to see. Since no stadium clock counted down the time left in the match, the refs had a two-minute warning to alert the players and fans how much time was left.
Clock Change at NFL Stadiums
While more NFL stadiums began adding official game clocks for everyone to see, the two-minute warning was still part of NFL games. Even though the original purpose of the two-minute notification was to let everyone know how much time remained in the contest, the league saw it as an essential and strategic part of the game. The break-in action allows teams to huddle up and strategize what they will do next, even without a timeout.
What Happens at the 2 Minute Warning During Football Games?
During the 2-minute warning in American Football, both teams can regroup on the field or sidelines and discuss strategy during the stoppage in action. Also, since this is a pause in the act, you typically see commercial breaks on TV. The two-minute warning lasts two minutes, allowing TV and radio advertisers to squeeze in a few ads before the action resumes.
How Many Two Minute Warnings are there in Football?
There are only 2 two minute-warnings during a four-quarter football game. If the game goes into overtime, there is another two-minute warning if it gets to that stage. During the playoffs in overtime, there is no 2 -minute overtime in the first overtime period. However, if the game continues into the second overtime and beyond, there is one 2 minute overtime per period.
Does the 2:00 Minute Mark Stop the Action No Matter What?
The two-minute warning only occurs when the play clock reaches 2:00, and the completion of the play concludes. For example, a team might run the ball with 2:10 left on the clock, but they fumble it. The defending team recovers the ball and runs it until tackled with the fumble recovery. The game clock is now at 1:47 after this tackle, and the two-minute warning starts. Even though the game clock is 1:47, both teams enter a two-minute break and then resume action with 1:47 left in the game.
How Do Teams Use the Two-Minute Warning to their Advantage?
If the offense is down in the score, they might try and preserve their timeouts, so they will run or throw the ball and run out of bounds to stop the clock. With the 2-minute warning approaching, teams can run a play in the middle of the field and then have the 2-minute warning stop the action, which doesn't cost them a timeout.
What is the Two-Minute Drill?
Teams practice a first and second half two-minute drill in practices before games. These two-minute drills simulate scenarios when a team only has two minutes to march down the field and score a touchdown. Sometimes they will have no timeouts, while others will have a few. Teams practice this two-minute drill to simulate what will happen if they are in the same scenario.
What is the 10-Second Runoff?
After the two-minute warning during an American Football game, there is a 10-second runoff that occurs only for the offense. The 10-second runoff prevents an offense from getting an unfair late advantage, especially when they are out of timeouts. Common reasons for the penalty include
- Intentional grounding.
- Creating a false start on purpose to stop the clock.
- QB throws a backward pass out of bounds.
An Example of Why the 10-Second Runoff Exists
For example, let's say that a team has the ball with 15 seconds left on the clock. They are trying to get their players back to the line of scrimmage to spike the ball to stop the clock, but it is taking too long. To stop the clock, the center moves early and interacts with a defender to create a false start, which stops the clock.
The referee in this situation above will call a 10-second runoff violation because the play was only run to stop the action. With that being the case, the new play begins with 10 seconds taken off the clock, which means that the offense only has 5 seconds left on the game clock. If less than 10 seconds are on the game clock, the game officially ends on this call.
Finally, an injured player on the field when the team has no timeouts can result in a 10-second runoff. The other team can choose to have 10 seconds taken off the clock when there is an injury.
Does College Football or High School Football Have a 2 Minute Warning?
NCAA Football and High School Football does not have any two-minute warnings during their game day matchups.
Does Canadian Football or Arena Football Have Something Similar?
Does Hockey or Basketball Have Something Similar?
Professional hockey and basketball don't have anything like the two-minute warning like the National Football League has. The only similar thing is the seventh inning stretch in Major League Baseball, which is a brief pause in action towards the end of a game.
Conclusion: What is the Two Minute Warning in Football?
In summary, the two-minute warning began to alert both teams on how much time remained during a game. Today, the two-minute warning is a time to regroup as a team and strategize on what to do next. Not only is the pause in action a way for teams to strategize, but the delay builds up the excitement for the final moments of a football game, which is great for players and fans.


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Translate mulberry | into Italian | into Spanish
Definition of mulberry
noun (plural mulberries)
- 1 (also mulberry tree or bush) a small deciduous tree with broad leaves, native to East Asia and long cultivated elsewhere.
- Genus Morus, family Moraceae, in particular the white mulberry (M. alba), originally grown for feeding silkworms, and the black (or common) mulberry (M. nigra), grown for its fruit. See also paper mulberry
Old English mōrberie, from Latin morum + berry; related to Dutch moerbezie and German Maulbeere


59,912,044 programs installed
Should I remove AnswerWorks Runtime - English?
What percent of users and experts removed it?
4% remove it96% keep it
Overall Sentiment
What do people think about it?
Be the first to rate (click star to rate)
How common is it?
Global Rank #5,987
United States Rank #2,550
Reach 0.0925%
(Not enough data to show 30 day installation trends)
Uninstallation trends (last 30 days)
Lifespan of installation (until removal)
< 23.83 days
702.85 days >
Average installed length: 369.30 days
4.0.101 100.00%
AnswerWorks 4.0 Runtime - English
What is AnswerWorks Runtime - English? (from Vantage Linguistics)
iSEEK AnswerWorks™ is a search application developed by Vantage Linguistics (formerly distributed by Wextech product). The Answerworks™ product allows product development teams and help system authors to enrich their existing help systems with linguistic and natural language based search. When embedded in a local or on... Read more
AnswerWorks 4.0 Runtime - English is a program developed by Vantage Linguistics. In comparison to the total number of users, most PCs are running the OS Windows 7 (SP1) as well as Windows Vista (SP2). While about 99% of users of AnswerWorks Runtime - English come from the United States, it is also popular in Canada and Spain.
Program detailsProgram details
URL: _URL_
Installation folder: C:\Program Files\Vantage Software Technologies\AnswerWorks 4.0 Runtime - English
Language: English
How do I remove AnswerWorks Runtime - English?
Quickly and completely remove AnswerWorks 4.0 Runtime - English from your computer by downloading "Should I Remove It?", its 100% FREE and installs in seconds (click the button below).
Or, you can uninstall AnswerWorks Runtime - English from your computer by using the Add/Remove Program feature in the Window's Control Panel.
 - Windows XP: Click Add or Remove Programs.
 2. When you find the program AnswerWorks 4.0 Runtime - English, click it, and then do one of the following:
 - Windows Vista/7/8: Click Uninstall.
 3. Follow the prompts. A progress bar shows you how long it will take to remove AnswerWorks Runtime - English.
Win 7 (SP1) 35%
Win Server 2003 0%
Uninstall it 4%
Keep it 96%
Windows OS versionsWindows
Which Windows OS versions does it run on?
Windows 7 35.81%
Windows Vista 35.09%
Windows XP 22.67%
Windows 8 6.35%
Windows Server 2003 0.09%
Which OS releases does it run on?
Windows Vista Home Premiu... 29.15%
Microsoft Windows XP 22.14%
Windows 7 Home Premium 21.96%
Windows 7 Professional 9.87%
Windows 7 Ultimate 3.87%
Windows 8.1 3.69%
Distribution by countryGeography
98.89% of installs come from the United States
Which countries install it?
 United States 98.89%
 Canada 0.21%
 Spain 0.11%
 Hong Kong 0.05%
 Brazil 0.05%
 Colombia 0.05%
 Switzerland 0.05%
 Sweden 0.05%
 India 0.05%
 Greece 0.05%
 Austria 0.05%
 New Zealand 0.05%
 Japan 0.05%
 Israel 0.05%
OEM distributionPC manufacturers
What PC manufacturers (OEMs) have it installed?
Dell 41.80%
Hewlett-Packard 29.37%
Toshiba 6.61%
Intel 5.29%
Acer 4.76%
American Megatrends 2.51%
Gateway 2.51%
ASUS 1.72%
Sahara 1.32%
Lenovo 0.93%
Common models
Dell Inspiron 530 4.74%
Dell Inspiron 531 4.24%
Dell Dell DXP061 3.99%
Dell Dimension E521 3.24%
Dell Dell XPS420 2.99%
TOSHIBA Satellite A135 2.49%
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Home / Blogs / How Onsite LGV Assessors are Bringing Mental Health Benefits to LGV Drivers
How Onsite LGV Assessors are Bringing Mental Health Benefits to LGV Drivers
Blogs | 2nd Apr 2019
How Onsite LGV Assessors are Bringing Mental Health Benefits to LGV Drivers
Regular driver assessments are an important part of the safety and efficiency of any transport operation, but have you considered that having an RTITB LGV Driver Assessor onsite can help provide much more, including improved mental health for drivers?
An LGV Driver assessment is a one-on-one session between a driver and an LGV Assessor that takes about one hour. Safety, driving ability and minimising fuel consumption or component wear through driving style are some of the typical focusses for most periodic LGV Driver assessments (annually or sooner).
However, while these are all important factors, employers should be aware that these regular one-on-one sessions also provide a valuable opportunity for LGV Drivers to connect with a trusted colleague, in a safe environment, for open discussion and conversation. This is one of the many benefits of having onsite LGV Driver Assessors.
Why are these one-on-one assessments important for mental health?
With limited human interaction, the role of a professional LGV driver can often be a solitary one. During a four-and-a-half-hour drive, or indeed a full ten-hour shift, any minor concerns playing on a driver's mind can easily escalate to feel like major problems. Left untreated, stress and other mental health conditions, such as depression, are likely to worsen, which can lead to lost man hours with drivers calling in sick.
Having an LGV Assessor onsite provides the opportunity for LGV Drivers to regularly share their concerns, and for the LGV Assessor to respond appropriately, either to help alleviate anxiety or, in more serious cases, to highlight concerns to relevant colleagues with a view to offering more suitable support. This can hugely benefit your drivers and your business which may not be so easy if assessments are outsourced.
The benefits of inhouse LGV Assessors
Whether they're employed full-time in the role, or they are a skilled driver with additional responsibility, an LGV Driver Assessor can add significant value to transport and logistics operations.
For example, they can support the recruitment of good driverswith pre-employment driving assessments to ensure potential employees' skills are up to standard. Their valuable skills can help businesses avoid disruption, particularly during peak recruitment times.
For regular drivers they can identify areas where intervention is needed and even assess job specific functions such as company delivery paperwork, loading, unloading or specific vehicle characteristics. It is important to note that the LGV Assessor should not provide remedial instruction, which is the job of LGV Instructors.
Acting as a valuable link between drivers and the transport management team, LGV Assessors may also provide information for compliance or help to plan training schemes. Furthermore, following an incident, Assessors can evaluate drivers which may be exposed to similar risk criteria. Through this analysis, accident causes can be identified, and negated.
How to train onsite LGV Driver Assessors
Available at the RTITB Instructor Academy or delivered on your premises, the RTITB LGV Assessor Training course is designed for very experienced LGV Drivers who want to progress in their careers to assess other LGV Drivers. It is also a useful step for someone interested in becoming an LGV Instructor, as training candidates benefit from an enhanced technical understanding of LGV driving.
What's involved in the LGV Assessor training?
Courses typically cover driver licensing and eyesight checks, the assessment procedure, assessment route selection and directions to drivers. Driver marking sheets are covered along with report writing and accident, vehicle defect and periodical driving assessments.
To pass the LGV Assessor course drivers are usually required to pass an examination consisting of three elements. The first is a personal driving assessment followed by an associated knowledge multiple choice theory paper. They must then conduct a practical assessment of driving ability.
Training from RTITB should always be considered an investment and while mental health is not a specific topic within the LGV Assessor Training, well trained Assessors will possess outstanding communication skills, which are vital in supporting your drivers. In the male dominated logistics and transport industry, mental health is still very much a taboo subject so open communication is important.
For more information about LGV Driver Assessor Training, or to learn more about how an onsite LGV Assessor can benefit your business, please contact us.


How it works - Basic
~ Single Pinhole ~
Fundamental Law: Light travels in a straight line
A candle emitting light behaves in this way:
Tracing out some of the light rays illustrates this point
Adding a light tight box blocks light from entering box
If we add a small hole at the center, some light can enter
We can trace light reflecting off of the rest of the candle in the same way
And form an image of the candle upsided down at the back of the box
If we now add film at the back of the box, a cap at the hole to control when light enters the box and exposes the light sensitive film, we have a camera.
That's it. This is a basic pinhole camera and all that is needed to make images.
The rest is refinement to a specific end.


Skip to definition.
Noun: ringlet ring-lut
 - coil, whorl, roll, curl, curlicue, gyre, scroll
 2. A strand or cluster of hair
 - lock, curl, whorl
 3. A small ring
 4. Any of various butterflies belonging to the family Satyridae
 - ringlet butterfly
Derived forms: ringlets
Type of: band, butterfly, hair, ring, round shape
Part of: coif, coiffure, family Satyridae, hair style, hairdo, hairstyle, Satyridae
Encyclopedia: Ringlet, Malaysia


text:
Mining Programs at Ontario Colleges
What to expect from a Mining Career
The mining industry is always looking for skilled professionals. Whether it's filling specialized roles in geological management or heading into the mines, there are plenty of career opportunities available. Mining programs at Ontario colleges prepare students with both mining techniques and widespread knowledge of geology and earth resources, so they can enter the mining career of their choice.
If you're interested in starting an in-demand career in the mining and geology industry, here's what you need to know. More
There are a few types of mining programs available, each with different focuses or different levels of training. These include:
- Mining Techniques. Mining techniques programs are introductory one-year certificate programs that prepare students for entry-level work in the mining industry or for continued mining education. Students learn basic geology, surveying and drafting skills along with a variety of mining methods that will prepare them for both underground and office work in core sampling, mapping, prospecting and more.
- Mining Engineering Technician / Technology. Mining engineering technician and technology programs are more advanced than the techniques programs. Both technician and technologist programs give students a broader and deeper understanding of geology and resources and may offer training on a larger variety of mining equipment. Mining-related skills, such as drilling and blasting, may also be introduced. Technician programs are typically two-year diploma programs while technology programs (offering the most comprehensive training) are generally three-year advanced diploma programs.
Some mining-related programs have specific focuses, like earth sciences and natural resources. These programs have a geotechnical focus and are made up of courses including (but not limited to) mineral studies, geophysics, soil studies and other earth science topics. Students learn to operate geological equipment that can be used in some mining and geological industry practices, such as geotechnical and environmental assessment.
General Mining Program Requirements
Ontario college mining programs typically require an Ontario Secondary School Diploma (OSSD) or equivalent. Academic requirements will vary depending on the program, but generally include senior math and chemistry or physics courses. A grade 12 English credit is often required for technician and technology programs.
Mining Jobs and Salaries
Depending on your chosen program, jobs in the mining industry range from entry-level to more advanced positions, and will include roles such as:
- Mine Manager or Production Supervisor
- Underground Mining Worker
- Surveyor, Project Manager / Engineer
- Geologist Assistant
- Mining Administration
The average starting salary for graduates of mining programs at Ontario colleges is $36,000 a year, with the potential to earn much more. Experienced mine managers and mine workers typically have salaries between $60,000 and $90,000 a year, or even higher depending on the location and type of mining.
Ontario Colleges Offering Mining Programs
Use the left-column navigation to refine your search by College, Program Availability, Program Start Date and more, or see the table below for a complete list of mining programs at Ontario colleges. Less
|Program Title||College||Campus||Availability||Program Length||Start Date||Website|


Quick Answer: What Is _USER_ In Spring Boot?
What is _USER_ in spring?
This is called Spring Java Config feature (using _USER_ annotation)..
What is _USER_ in spring boot?
Spring Boot _USER_ annotation is used to mark a configuration class that declares one or more _USER_ methods and also triggers auto-configuration and component scanning. It's same as declaring a class with _USER_, _USER_ and _USER_ annotations.
What is the difference between _USER_ and _USER_?
The _USER_ annotation is used for auto-wiring in Spring framework. … The _USER_ annotation also serves the same purpose, but the main difference between them is that _USER_ is a standard annotation for dependency injection and _USER_ is spring specific.
What is difference between _USER_ and _USER_?
What's the difference between _USER_ _USER_ _USER_ & _USER_ annotations in spring?
The difference between them is, _USER_ is used to annotate compound classes, _USER_ is a marker for automatic exception translation in the persistence layer, for service layer we need to use _USER_. You can refer Spring Documentation to know more.
What is the difference between _USER_ and _USER_?
What is the difference between _USER_ and _USER_?
Using the annotation _USER_, you can tell Spring where do your Spring-managed components lie. … On the other hand, _USER_ is a generic annotation for any Spring-Managed component. For example – If you create a class called Testing inside the package com. example.
What is a bean class in spring?
Why _USER_ is used in spring?
Spring Component annotation is used to denote a class as Component. It means that Spring framework will autodetect these classes for dependency injection when annotation-based configuration and classpath scanning is used.
What is the use of _USER_ in spring boot?
_USER_ is the most generic Spring annotation. A Java class decorated with _USER_ is found during classpath scanning and registered in the context as a Spring bean. _USER_, _USER_, and _USER_ are specializations of _USER_, which are used for more specific cases.
What is Yaml used for?
_USER_ Indicates that an annotated class is a "component". Such classes are considered as candidates for auto-detection when using annotation-based configuration and classpath scanning. A _USER_ is also a _USER_, but a _USER_ cannot act like a _USER_.
What is use of _USER_?
In computing, configuration files (commonly known simply as config files) are files used to configure the parameters and initial settings for some computer programs. They are used for user applications, server processes and operating system settings.
What is the difference between _USER_ and _USER_?
_USER_ auto detects and configures the beans using classpath scanning whereas _USER_ explicitly declares a single bean, rather than letting Spring do it automatically.
What is _USER_?
The _USER_ annotation is used with the _USER_ annotation to tell Spring the packages to scan for annotated components. _USER_ also used to specify base packages and base package classes using thebasePackageClasses or basePackages attributes of _USER_.
What is bean life cycle in spring?
Bean life cycle is managed by the spring container. When we run the program then, first of all, the spring container gets started. After that, the container creates the instance of a bean as per the request and then dependencies are injected. And finally, the bean is destroyed when the spring container is closed.
Is _USER_ a singleton?
2 Answers. Yes, that is correct, _USER_ is a Spring bean and a Singleton. About singletons – spring beans are all in singleton scope by default. The only thing you have to have in mind is that you should not store state in field variables (they should only hold dependencies).
What are examples of configuration items?
What does _USER_ do in spring?
What is _USER_ used for?
_USER_ is used to mark a method as one that creates a bean and Spring will then add it to the context for us. The return type of the method defines the type of bean that is created, so both of the beans created in this example will be referred to by the type MyBean rather than their implementations.
What's a configuration?
In communications or computer systems, a configuration of a system refers to the arrangement of each of its functional units, according to their nature, number and chief characteristics. Often, configuration pertains to the choice of hardware, software, firmware, and documentation.


text:
MOTORCYCLE TYRE LOAD & SPEED MARKINGS
Radial, bias belted, and diagonal cross-ply tyres have markings to indicate their load and speed capabilities.
It is important that tyres are suitable for the maximum speed capability of the motorcycle. In some overseas countries this is a legal requirement.
Tyre speeds are shown in accordance with an alphabetical list of symbols indicating speeds at 10 km/h increments.
The relevant speed symbol is positioned near the size designation in conjunction with a load index: e.g. 120/90-18 65S, where '65' is the load index and 'S' the speed symbol. In the case of speed symbols 'V' and 'ZR', these are shown within the size designation, e.g. 120/90-V18. The size designation for 'V' and 'ZR' normally omits the load index. Details of speed symbols and load indices are shown in tables 1 and 2.
TABLE 1: TYRE SPEED MARKINGS
TABLE 2: TYRE LOADING INDICES AND RELATING MAXIMUM LOADS


text:
Some of you may remember Dr. Mason at BYU, and some of you may have had him for a class or two (I had him for three classes...). There was one problem in particular that I remember solving in his quantum mechanics class. It went something like this:
Q: Figure out how slow a 75 kg pig needs to be going in order for it to diffract by a minimum of 1 meter through a door way 1 meter wide into a 10 meter wide room.
I will now solve this problem and demonstrate why pigs do not diffract through doorways.
First we have to find the de Broglie wavelength (Note: de Broglie is pronounced "duh Broy" not "Dee Brog-lee-ay" as I learned from a certain Belgian professor). Knowing the width of the slit (the door) and the distance the pig travels (10 m) before it is observed (hits the opposite wall), we can solve for the wavelength of the pig as it diffracts into the room. First we use simple trigonometry to find the angle of diffraction:


Understanding the Predecessor Tab
Predecessors (and their counterparts, successors) are how you as the project manager tell Project what the logical flow of tasks should be throughout your project. This tab of the Task Information dialog allows you to see all the tasks that are predecessors for the task currently being edited in the dialog. This section shows you how to create a new predecessor.
graphics/one_icon.jpg As in all tabs in this dialog, you can edit the task Name and Duration fields.
graphics/two_icon.jpg The grid on this tab lists all the tasks that are predecessors to the task named in the Name field.
graphics/three_icon.jpg The type of link is shown in the Type field. In this case, Define Requirements has a Finish-to-Start link to this task, meaning that the Define Requirements task must finish before the Write Specifications task can start.
graphics/four_icon.jpg The Lag field lets you define a span of days between the predecessor side of the link and the successor side of the link. This means that if you add a one-day lag on the link shown, Write Specifications cannot start until one full day after Define Requirements finishes.
Show Me. Microsoft Office Project 2003
Show Me Microsoft Office Project 2003
ISBN: _PHONE_
EAN: _PHONE_
Year: 2003
Pages: 204
flylib.com © 2008-2017.
If you may any questions please contact us: _EMAIL_


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Porites and 'Christmas Tree Worms'
By Rob Toonen. Posted to Reefkeepers emailing list, Sunday the 12th of December 1999.
I'm not sure where the idea that Spirobranchus worms feed on the mucus from Porites first originated, but I see it quite often. As far as I know there is absolutely no research that supports that claim (although if someone knows of some references to the contrary, I would appreciate knowing about them!). The worms are feeders on plankton and although they are obligate associates of live corals, they are found in a variety of species, and Porites is actually one of the species that they do *worst* in (I'll explain this more below). It's sort of a complicated system, and no one has really figured out exactly what is going on yet, other than the fact that Spirobranchus "giganteus" is an entire species complex rather than a single species, and several "morphs" of the species have turned out to be completely infertile when crossed.
The reason that the worms are found on specific corals seems to be a result of larvae showing a strong settlement preference for corals such as Porites asteroides and Millepora complanata and ignoring corals such as Siderastrea, Dendrogyra and Agaricia. However, when researchers examined the growth and survival rates of worms on different coral species, worms that settled on Diploria strigosa did the best, followed by those living in Montastrea annularis, M. cavernosa, and Porites porites came in dead last in every measure of growth for the worms! Just to make things more complicated, different researchers find different results in different regions (such as larval preferences for specific corals), suggesting that there is a lot of variation among the worms throughout their range, or that there are a lot of similar but unidentified species that are mistakenly being tested as the same animal. Until these issues are properly addressed, it is difficult to make accurate generalizations.
As far as I can tell from the research done on these worms, the primary reason that they are found almost entirely in association with live corals has nothing to do with nutrition. In fact, researchers have examined the boring invertebrate communities in corals that are live, to those in which 50%, or 100% of the colony was dead, and they found big differences. In living corals, only 3 species were commonly found (a bivalve, a vermetid snail and the Xmas tree worms). The number of species boring through the colony and the amount of carbonate skeleton lost to that activity increases with the proportion of the colony that is dead. Completely dead colonies were rapidly colonized by 17-18 species of boring invertebrates (the most significant of which are the sipunculans, or peanut worms) which remove an average of 14.2 kg of carbonate skeleton per m^3. In addition, parrotfishes and grazing echinoderms (including urchins, brittle & serpent stars) removed an additional 5.25 kg per m^3 and together these boring activities are pretty likely to ensure that the worms don't survive for long once the coral dies. It also seems likely that the boring invertebrates would not differentiate between the calcareous tube of Spirobranchus and that of the dead coral, exposing the worm to attack from predators, pathogens and other additional stresses not experienced when the worms inhabit a healthy live coral. Hence, it is not surprising that the worms aren't found in many dead coral skeletons, but it doesn't mean that the worms are eating coral snot ;)
Unlike many worms that only live for relatively short times (a few years), Spirobranchus are a relatively slow growing worm that lives for a long time in the wild. Researchers used X-rays to determine the age of the worm by counting the annual growth rings of the corals in which they were embedded, and found that most animals were over 10 years old and some were more than 40! On average a healthy worm grows about 0.2mm in the diameter of the tube opening each year, but under ideal conditions the maximum growth rates are up to 1.0 mm increase in orfice diameter per year. In any case, these worms should easily outlive the average reef tank, and you cannot delude yourself into thinking that the animals died of old age if they fade in your aquarium.
As I mentioned above, there is no indication that these worms feed on anything different than other tube-dwelling serpulid polychaetes (a mixture of primarily phytoplankton with some small zooplankters thrown in as the worm grows to maturity), but I am not familiar with any specific studies of prey preference or gut content analyses of Spirobranchus in the wild (as I said above if anyone knows of any such studies that I have missed, please let me know!). The fact that Spirobranchus are generally imported with pieces of Porites does not mean that they are obligate associates of this coral, nor does it mean that they are feeding off the mucus of the coral. In fact, depending on the source you check, the most likely associate for Spirobranchus is likely to be P. lutea, P. lobata, P.lichen or even Montipora informis. In any case, until I see a study demonstrating that Spirobranchus is physically dependant on the living coral for anything other than protection (as outlined above), the assumption that this worm feeds in a substantially different manner than the other serpulids inhabiting live corals seems utterly unfounded to me...
Created by liquid
Last modified 2006-11-24 18:42


text:
Promoting Fruit and Vegetable Consumption: Are Coupons More Effective than Pure Price Discounts?
by Diansheng Dong
and Ephraim Leibtag
Economic Research Report No. (ERR-96) 31 pp, June 2010
The U.S. Department of Agriculture administers food and nutrition assistance programs that promote fruit and vegetable consumption. But consumption remains relatively low, with price cited as the main deterrent.
What Is the Issue?
A price-discount strategy in conjunction with existing programs might encourage participants in food and nutrition assistance programs to consume more fruits and vegetables. This study looks at coupons and price discounts, two methods of lowering the cost of fruits and vegetables, and uses household purchase data and a consumer demand model to determine which method may be more successful in encouraging produce consumption.
What Did the Study Find?
Coupons influence consumer behavior through a dual effect-a price-discount effect and an informational advertising effect. Because of this dual effect, the use of a coupon to increase fruit and vegetable purchases may be more effective than a pure price-discount policy or other noncoupon promotion.
- For a 10-percent coupon usage rate, lowering prices by 10 percent with a coupon would increase average weekly quantity purchases by 2 percent for fruits and 2.1 percent for vegetables. (A"coupon usage" rate is defined as the percentage of purchases in which households use the coupon when buying fruits and vegetables in a given time period.) A 30-percent usage rate simulation shows a larger effect-over 6 percent for fruits and over 6.5 percent for vegetables-while a 50-percent usage rate shows just over a 10-percent effect for both fruits and vegetables.
- By comparison, a pure price discount of 10 percent would likely have about a 6-percent effect for both fruits and vegetables.
- If coupon usage turned out to be less than 30 percent, then the overall effect of coupons would be lower than a pure price discount policy because the price discount applies to everybody (it has a 100-percent usage rate).
- The informational effect of coupons might decline as coupon use became more common or if coupons were distributed electronically instead of in paper form.
- Even a 10-percent increase in purchases of fruits and vegetables-the result assuming the highest coupon usage rate-would still leave consumption at about 65 percent of the recommended level of 5 or more servings a day.
The success of attempts to use coupons to increase consumption of fruits and vegetable by low-income households would depend on the distribution method (paper or electronic), on the number of households that actually use the coupons, on the size of the discount offered by the coupon, and on the coupon's ease of use.
How Was the Study Conducted?
This analysis relies on data from the 2004 Nielsen Homescan panel. The data include household purchase information for fruits and vegetables, coupon usage information, and households' demographic characteristics. The 2004 panel was made up of 8,482 households that reported purchases of products marked with bar codes as well as other purchases.
To estimate the dual effect of coupons on fruit and vegetable demand, the marked purchase renewal model was used, including three variables that may affect purchase quantity and/or frequency: (1) the gross price paid, (2) an indicator variable that tracks whether a coupon was used, and (3) the value of a redeemed coupon used during a given shopping trip. Elasticity estimates from the analysis then were used to conduct a simulation to compare the effect of coupons as compared with a pure price discount on fruit and vegetable purchase behavior.


Quick Answer: What Do You Mean By Non Statutory Body?
Which of the following is a non statutory body?
Definition of Non-Constitutional Bodies: Non Constitutional or Extra Constitutional bodies are the same.
These bodies aren't defined in the Constitution of the country….Hemant Singh.Name of the NonConstitutional BodyCurrent Chairman4.
State Human Right CommissionDifferent in each state8 more rows•Jun 19, 2020.
Which of the following is a statutory body?
What is another word for statutory?
In this page you can discover 16 synonyms, antonyms, idiomatic expressions, and related words for statutory, like: legal, lawful, rightful,, contractual, regulation, legislative, regulatory, enforcement, provision and discretionary.
Is RBI a statutory body?
Though considered a body with considerable institutional independence, the RBI is not a constitutional body. It was established under the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934. … However, to reiterate, the independence of the RBI is not constitutional. At the most, it is only statutory, a major difference in law.
Which is non constitutional body?
Non Constitutional or Extra Constitutional bodies are those bodies which are established after passing an act of Parliament. It means these institutions are not mentioned in our constitution.
What is meant by a statutory body?
Statutory bodies are established by acts which Parliament and State Legislatures can pass. These bodies are entities shaped by an Act of Parliament or state legislatures and set up by the government to consider the data and make judgments in some area of activity.
What's the difference between constitutional and statutory?
In the United States: Constitutional Law is the law of the land and is made up from all three branches of government. Statutory Law is created via the legislative branch and will not be greater than constitutional. … Constitutional governs the law making body of the nation.
What is statutory meeting?
(1) Every public company that is a limited company and has a share capital shall, within a period of not less than one month and not more than three months after the date at which it is entitled to commence business, hold a general meeting of the members of the company to be called the "statutory meeting".
What is the difference between statutory and non statutory?
Statutory refers to something that is related toa formal law or a statute, and non-statutory isessentially another term for common law. If something isstatutory, it is based on laws or statutes. Ifsomething is non-statutory, it is based on customs,precedents or previous court decisions.
What do you mean by statutory companies?
What is the definition for statutory?
1 : of or relating to statutes. 2 : enacted, created, or regulated by statute a statutory age limit.
Who gave idea of constitution?
M.N RoyM.N Roy, a pioneer of the communist movement in India and an advocate of radical Democracy was the person who for the first time in 1934 put forth the Idea an Indian Constituent Assembly for framing of Constitution of India for and according to Indians.
What is difference between autonomous and statutory body?
Which are government companies?
These are many government companies, few of them are, Steel Authority of India Limited, Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited, Coal India Limited, State Trading Corporation of India, etc.


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In this section, you will learn to hide the root node of a JTree.
Description of the Program:
The following program helps to hide the root node of the Jtree component. This program creates a tree that contains multiple nodes where the root node is kept hidden. The getProperty() method determines the current system properties. This method returns the multiple data of system that will be displayed in a node. For hiding root node we set the setRootVisible is 'false'.
Here is the code of this program:
Output this program:
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Use of Management Accounting Practices in Carbon Emission Management: Evidence from Australian Companies
Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government,
2015, Volume 21, Issue 1, Pages 5-22
AbstractThis study examines the use of management accounting practices by companies in managing carbon emission issues. The sample consists of 69 Australian companies that participated in the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) 2009 survey. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses of survey responses are conducted. In this investigation, relative absence of the use of accounting practices was uncovered. Given that the companies examined were large companies and the majority of them operated in carbon intensive or climate change exposed sectors, it is likely that this under-utilisation of accounting practices translates into a corresponding under-performance in carbon emission management. Acknowledgement: This paper is drawn from Kumarasiri' s (2015) unpublished PhD thesis.
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Hush Puppies Recipe
A fish fry and barbecue staple, hush puppies are made from a six-ingredient batter, which is dropped by spoonfuls into hot oil to cook. You can make them yourself—we walk you through the steps.
History of Hush Puppies
So, how did hush puppies get their name? They were perhaps the original treat (aka bribe) for Fido. Legends tell how Southern fishermen and Civil War soldiers first made the golden nuggets from scraps just to toss to barking and begging dogs with the command to "Hush, puppy."
1. The Batter: Stire 10 times around the bowl—just until the dry and liquid ingredients are barely combined together. Overmixing causes a tough texture.
2. The Pot: Use a pot that is at least 6 inches deep and fits the largest element on your cooktop. Our Test Kitchen had excellent results frying this hush puppy recipe in both a 6-qt. Dutch oven and in a deep cast-iron skillet. We also tried an electric deep-fat fryer with a temperature control dial and found that the batter stuck to the basket, and the temperature did not get hot enough to properly fry the hush puppies. So stick with the old-fashioned pot-on-a-stove method.
3. The Oil: A clean ruler placed in the pot can help you determine the line for a 2- to 3-inch depth of oil. Don't skimp; the batter needs to submerge in the oil. For great results, the oil needs to maintain 375°. Too low and the hush puppies absorb oil; too high and the outside burns before the inside is done. Plan to adjust the temperature dial on your range slightly up or down throughout the frying to keep the temperature at 375°. A candy/deep-fat fry thermometer is a must.
4. The Drop: You can drop the hush puppy batter using two soup-size spoons sprayed with vegetable cooking spray or a 1 tablespoon-measure ice-cream scoop.
5. The Flip: Sometimes hush puppies will flip themselves over. Use a slotted spoon or frying utensil to turn the rest so they cook evenly.
6. The Finish: Hush puppies are usually done at the point you think they might need to cook longer—when the rough bumps or high spots are rich golden brown. Oil may be used for one more fry job if stored properly. After all the hush puppies are cooked, let the oil cool thoroughly. To remove cooked particles, strain the oil through a fine wire-mesh strained lined with cheesecloth or a coffee filter. Use a funnel to pour the oil into an empty vegetable oil bottle or a disposable plastic container with a lid. Label, date, and store in the fridge; use within one month.
Browse our How to Cook category for a full collection of recipes for all meal types and from all locations around the world!


Sea Monkeys Add Water
The water purifier contains salt which is essential for your sea monkeys since it allows them to hatch and thrive. Once you put the packet in the water, stir a little and allow the water to sit in room temperature for a day or up to 36 hours before adding the sea monkeys to the tank. That means the Sea Monkeys can survive years and even decades of drought, but to the naked human eye the eggs just look like sand. Just add water and "instant life!" Photos used under Creative Commons from Genista rogerajohnson. What are Sea Monkeys? Sea Monkeys in History
Basically unchanged for 300 million years (!), triops are
Next add package#2, the meteor bits(the instant live eggs)into the water.These space rock fragments actually have prehistoric sea monkeys enclosed from the precambrian, the time when the first.
Sea monkeys add water. Sea-Monkeys adapt well to the gradual process of their water world becoming more salty as the water level drops. However, replenishing the water can be a shock to their system as the salt concentration quickly changes when fresh water is added back to their tank. The more water that has evaporated from the tank, the greater the shock to their. Sea-Monkeys are a hybrid breed of brine shrimp called Artemia NYOS invented in 1957 by Harold von Braunhut. Initially marketed as "Instant Life," Sea-Monkeys are sold in hatching kits as novelty. Adult Sea-Monkeys: As your Sea-Monkeys grow larger, use the large end of the Aqua-Measure Spoon and feed once a week.Cloudy water: If the water gets cloudy, you're over-feeding and should stop adding food until the water clears. Common sense: Employ common sense. Obviously, you would feed 5 dogs MORE food than you would feed just 1.
CHECK THE WATER LEVEL: Eventually, some water will evaporate. When down by 1.5 inches, add fresh water to within 1/2″ from the top. Why Can't I Grow My Sea-Monkeys®? Sea-Monkeys® really aren't hard to raise at all. First, you have to prepare the water. Most people mix everything together at once and expect the Sea-Monkeys® to be born. 24 hours later, cut open packet #2 "Instant Live Eggs", add contents to water and stir for one minute. Keep the aquarium in shaded area away from direct sunlight. Step 3. Five days later, use a Sea-Monkey® Feeding Spoon to add one small scoop of powder from packet #3 "Growth Food". Do not stir. Sea-Monkeys WILL NOT HATCH if you measured the WRONG AMOUNT OF WATER that should be used. You must use EXACTLY 12 ounces of water to get Sea-Monkeys to hatch "on the button." Failure to use the RIGHT QUANTITY of water will NOT ruin the experiment. It WILL however cause a DELAY. Too little water: If YOU used too LITTLE water, simply add MORE to.
When down by 1.5 inches, add fresh water to within 1/2" from the top. Why Can't I Grow My Sea-Monkeys? Sea-Monkeys® really aren't hard to raise at all. First, you have to prepare the water. Most people mix everything together at once and expect the Sea-Monkeys® to be born. Well, you don't get anything but a jar of dirty water if you do that. Sea-Monkeys are fun lovable little creatures, relatives of brine shrimps, that are too small to hug, but are highly enjoyable! The great thing is that they are virtually maintenance-free pets; these little creatures are probably one of the easiest pets to raise, and come in a package. Just add water! Pour water into this special tank using a purifier that removes all the harmful chemicals. Add the Sea Monkey Eggs and these unique laboratory created hybrid brine shrimp seem to hatch instantly! As the weeks go by the Brine Shrimp will grow up to 20mm long, a special growth food is included – simply feed the Sea Monkeys every.
Add your water purifier. Open the pack of water purifier and pour its contents into the water. The water purifier is intended to balance the chemical makeup of the water and help create an appropriate environment for your sea monkeys. Stir the water so the purifier can more easily spread throughout the tank. With the help of this trait, sea monkeys possess a unique distinction compared from other sea creatures. Once you purchase a packet of sea monkey eggs, they appear as lifeless dust. When you pour this dust (brine shrimp eggs) in a tank or aquarium with purified water, the sea monkeys will spring to life in a jiffy. Sea-Monkeys might be hardy little animals but they still require basic care. As well as feeding your brine shrimp, you may need to keep the habitat clean, which involves changing some of the water. This doesn't mean scooping out some water and filling up the tank or container from the faucet, which would almost.
Directed by Penny Lane. With Sam Mercurio, Rich Pell. For decades, Sea-Monkeys won the hearts of children everywhere and quickly transformed into cultural phenomena thanks to inventor, marketing genius, and complicated eccentric Harold von Braunhut. What Are Sea Monkeys? Despite their name, a sea monkey isn't an amazing underwater primate. Instead, they're a species of brine shrimp. This species, known as Artemia NYOS, is a hybrid of several types of naturally occurring brine shrimp.The creators wanted to create a hardy breed that was large enough for children to see since most brine shrimp are nearly microscopic. The sea monkeys or sea pets will adapt to the water, but don't throw in salt unless you have thrown in a lot of fresh water. In this case it will be a shock on them. Use the salt from our salt rocks only to break of a pinch to add to the water. Only add small amounts of distilled water or bottled water as a general rule so that they can adapt.
Get set for sea monkeys at Argos. Same Day delivery 7 days a week £3.95, or fast store collection. Sea-Monkeys are a novelty aquarium pet, a type of brine shrimp that undergoes cryptobiosis.Developed in the United States in 1957, by Harold von Braunhut, the shrimp are intended to be added to water, and almost always come bundled in a 3-pouch kit with other required pouches and instructions.Sometimes a small tank and/or supplementary pouches may also be included with the product. Add tap water until the total mass of the solution inside the beaker is 1,000 grams, stirring until the salt is completely dissolved (remember to take the weight of the beaker itself into account). Rock salt, sea salt, kosher salt and table salt can all be used to make seawater at home.
Smell the tank water to check that it no longer smells foul. Then, put the water back in the tank, followed by the sea monkeys. Top up the tank water with purified, room temperature water. Feed your sea monkeys and aerate the tank several times throughout the day. Then, feed them again five days later, per their usual feeding schedule.
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Combat Water Survival Training
The combat water survival training (CWST) is a requirement of all ROTC cadets. Cadets are required to conduct a 3-meter drop into water, blind folded and carrying a mock M-16 rifle. They are also required to swim 15 meters in uniform with gear while keeping a mock M-16 rifle out of the water. Additionally, cadets must demonstrate removal techniques of their equipment while submerged. For this requirement, cadets must jump into deep water wearing load bearing equipment. While underwater, they must release the equipment, swim to the surface and reach the edge. The last task cadets must perform is creating a floatation device with their BDU or ACU trousers.


Technically Strong Market
Definition of 'Technically Strong Market'
A market in which both open interest and prices are increasing or in which both open interest and prices are decreasing. A market in which trading volume corresponds to price change where increasing volume accompanies increasing prices, and decreasing volume accompanies decreasing prices is considered technically strong.
Investopedia explains 'Technically Strong Market'
Technical analysts try to profit from trends in the prices of securities. They believe that historical pricing trends tend to repeat themselves, and by using price charts to identify these trends they can determine the best times to buy or sell to make a profit. Technical analysts are not concerned with fundamentals like the quality of a company's product or service, or its management.
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Hot Definitions
 1. Joint Venture - JV
 2. Aggregate Risk
 3. Organic Growth
 4. Family Limited Partnership - FLP
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 6. Marginal Analysis
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Nitrogen split applications
The efficiency of nitrogen (N) fertilizer use can be improved by monitoring leaf color at 7- to 10-day intervals with the leaf color chart (LCC) and only applying N fertilizer as needed by the crop (see LCC fact sheet).
An alternative approach to N fertilizer timing and management is presented here for cases when it is not feasible for farmers to visit their fields on 7- to 10-day intervals.
What is the N splitting pattern approach
The splitting pattern approach provides a recommendation for the total N fertilizer requirement (kg/ha) and a plan for the splitting and timing of applications in accordance with crop growth stage, cropping season, variety used, and crop establishment method. LCC can be used to adjust individual topdressings. Estimate the required total amount of fertilizer N and develop a splitting pattern. Use the LCC at critical growth stages to adjust predetermined fertilizer N rates.
How to estimate the total fertilizer N requirement
Establish minus fertilizer (–F) plots in farmers' fields (see Fact Sheet Nutrient Omission Plots). Compare yield from the –F plot, which represents the N-limited yield, to a target yield for the site, based on knowledge of attainable yield with the anticipated crop and fertilizer management. The difference between the target yield and N-limited yield represents the anticipated response of rice to N fertilizer.
Determine the total fertilizer N requirement based on a need of 40 to 50 kg N/ha per ton of anticipated response to N. As a general principle 40 kg N per ton N response is appropriate in high yielding seasons, and 50 kg N per ton response is appropriate in lower yielding seasons. A high N requirement of 60 kg N per ton response is observed at sub-optimal N management or when target yield is near potential yield providing a low N response (< 2 t/ha).
How to use the LCC in the splitting pattern approach
Use the critical LCC values given in the Fact Sheet Leaf Color Chart to adjust the amount of split N rates based on crop demand and plant N status. For example, if 30±10 kg N per ha is recommended for a certain growth stage,
- apply 40 kg N/ha, if the leaf color is below the critical value
- apply the standard rate of 30 kg N/ha if the leaf color is equal to the critical value
- postpone the fertilizer application and apply a lower rate of 20 kg N/ha if the leaf color is above the critical LCC value.
How to develop a splitting pattern
Use the tables on the right to look up splitting patterns for fertilizer N for the recommendation domain. Further adaptation to local conditions with farmers' participation may be required.


Advantco KAFKA adapter for SAP HANA Smart Data Integration (SDI)
SAP HANA smart data integration and SAP HANA smart data quality load data, in batch or real-time, into HANA (on premise or in the cloud) from a variety of sources using pre-built and custom adapters. The Kafka adapter is an example of a custom adapter made available by Advantco.
Apache Kafka is an open-source distributed event streaming platform for high-performance data pipelines, streaming analytics, data integration, and mission-critical applications.
In this blog, we discuss a solution to consume data from a KAFKA topic and to publish data to a KAFKA topic.
KAFKA topic setup
We create a topic on the KAFKA broker with two partitions. We publish a simplified DEBMAS to this topic. This topic has two partitions.
An Avro schema, defining the structure of the data, is associated for the topic value. This schema will define the table schema in HANA.
The Kafka adapter installation.
The Kafka adapter is deployed in the hosting environment where the Provision Agent was installed. After the deployment, we register the Kafka adapter to the HANA server which can be on premise or in the cloud. Note that each agent has an Agent Name.
HANA Development Workbench.
In this blog, we use the HANA Cloud instance. We use the HANA Workbench to define the connection to KAFKA broker by creating a Remote Source. We will also use the Workbench to create a replication task to consume data from a KAFKA topic into a real HANA table.
KAFKA Remote Source.
The Remote Source uses the registered KAFKA adapter that we deployed on the Provision Agent to create a connection to the KAFKA broker. To create the Remote Source, select the KAFKA adapter and the Agent Name. Specify the KAFKA broker hosts and ports, configure the parameters and do the connection test.
Virtual Table
Once the Remote Source is created, you should see the topics that were defined on the KAFKA broker. You can create a Virtual Table by right-clicking on a topic.
The Virtual Table schema is based on the Avro schema defined for the topic on the KAFKA broker side.
The Virtual Table is a direct connection to a topic, when querying the Virtual Table, you act like a KAFKA consumer. When inserting into the Virtual Table, you act like a producer.
Replication Task
In this step, we will create a task to replicate data from the KAFKA topic into a Real Table in HANA. This is done in the Editor section of the HANA workbench.
We select the Remote Source we defined above, specify the Target Schema and click on Add Objects to choose one or more topics that we want to replicate.
Once the topic is added, you can edit the column properties if needed.
Executing the task to start the replication task. You can monitor the progress with the Data Provisioning Design Time Object Monitor.
On the KAFKA broker side, you can see that the messages are being consumed.
The KAFKA adapter for SAP HANA SDI (Smart Data Integration) provides a very convenient way to replicate data from a KAFKA topic to a HANA table. The KAFKA adapter also supports publishing data from HANA to a KAFKA broker.


text: To accurately calculate light fluence rate distribution in prostate photodynamic therapy (PDT), optical heterogeneity has to be taken into account. Previous study has shown that a kernel based on analytic solution of the diffusion equation can perform the calculation with accuracy comparable to Finite-element method. An assumption is made that light fluence rate detected at a point in the medium is affected primarily by the optical properties of points (or elements) on the line between the source and the point. The exponential decay term of the light fluence rate is expressed as an integral of effective attenuation coefficient of each point along the line. The kernel method is first developed for a point source and then extended for a linear source. A linear source is considered being composed of multiple point sources and light fluence rate is summation of the fluence rates generated by the point sources. In this study, we have implemented a fast ray-trace algorithm to substantially speed up the calculation. The kernel calculation is compared with FEM calculation and is examined with light fluence rate measurements. The examination with clinical measurement data shows that calculated fluence rates present similar features in distribution as the measurement, with errors of 30%-70% for the peak fluence rates. We concluded that our heterogeneous algorithm is potentially valuable for light fluence rate optimization during interstitial PDT.


Twoey Glo
Twoey Glo is a unique range of products that encourage early mark making, letter formation, number recognition and counting whilst also developing co-ordination skills and important fine motor skills.
The rewarding nature of using a glow in the dark product gives it an additional sensory element which is both exciting and engaging for children across a range of ages. The calming sensory properties of the Glo range can transform mood and take children's imaginations to a magical space. The sensory features of these products make them ideal for children with special educational needs and the range is particularly accessible across a wide range of ages and abilities.
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