The Benefits and Advantages of Frequency Response Simulation in PCB Design
November 19, 2019 Cadence PCB Solutions
Collection of types of signals and waveforms
I often hear the question, does frequency really matter? Whether it is in the context of car audio, home audio, or PCB design, yes, frequency matters. The frequency response of any device that requires a particular resonance is vital to the overall design and performance of the device in question.
For example, I recall redesigning a car audio system for someone a few years ago. The recipient of this redesign was currently suffering from shock-induced anger, after spending $2,000 on a pair of subwoofers and an enclosure. It was not the price that had him up in arms, but rather the fact that his car was still reeking of the smell of burnt coils from an improper install.
Even in car audio, simulation is the key to proper design. Well, in this case, it's apparent that simulation was not part of the plan. The end result was him being embarrassed while demonstrating his new stereo via an epic YouTube fail. These are the types of situations that simulation can and will effectively help you to avoid. Whether you are tuning a bandpass enclosure or designing circuits for a PCB, frequency simulation is the key.
The Importance of Frequency Response Simulations
As a science fiction fan myself, I have seen my share of time-travel related movies, and they always seem to end the same. However, after viewing these movies, I always find myself asking the proverbial question; what if? The ability to know the outcome before the event even happens is one of the critical advantages of simulation software.
In terms of frequency response, simulations provide you with the ability to accurately predict the response of your circuit before you build it. Another advantage to this is, of course, it saves time, lowers cost, and it perfects your design. Furthermore, it also fosters innovation and advances the design process by allowing you to examine various models and configurations.
The Benefits and Advantages of SPICE Simulation
Across multiple sectors, fields, and disciplines, simulation is having a profound positive effect. Ask any engineer, and they will tell you that simulation software is an invaluable design tool. In terms of PCB design, simulation as a whole is the choice between designing your PCB correctly, and a science experiment that has gone wrong.
One of the primary advantages of using simulation software is the fact that it enables you to obtain valuable feedback when designing real-world circuits. Furthermore, this feedback does not come with the time or expenditure typically required to procure this much-needed design insight. This, in turn, allows the designer to determine the efficiency and correctness of their designs without the need to build the circuit or device first.
As a result, simulation software also allows the designer to explore the worthiness of alternate designs without ever building the actual device or circuit. Moreover, examining the effects of your design decisions during the design phase rather than the construction phase, saves time, money, and increases design quality.
Green representation of digital waveform
Digital signals mixing with analog signals have unique properties.
SPICE Simulation Software and Frequency Response Simulations
When using SPICE, it allows you to place probes and generate waveform plots for further analysis. This is made possible by its ability to determine intricate branch currents and node voltages at each frequency across your entire design.
Some of the primary functions SPICE can perform are as follows:
 - DC Sweep: Allows for the changing of component values (resistor value, voltage, or current) and graphing the results.
 - AC Sweep: Performs an analysis of the frequency response of a circuit (phase and gain).
 - Transient Analysis: Affords you the ability to set a period of time and analyze the response of your circuit within this timeframe.
 - It is worth noting that PSpice can provide an even more in-depth analysis of your circuits and circuit designs. The previously mentioned functions are only a part of what PSpice can afford you. The following are the other more advance simulation functions PSpice provides.
 - Sensitivity: Variations in manufactured components are natural. Sensitivity analysis lets you test circuit performance across the minimum and maximum tolerances for different component values and identify which elements are critical to your design goals.
 - Monte Carlo: Perform statistical Monte Carlo analysis on multiple components varied across their tolerance ranges to help predict your production yield under different conditions. This can be used to identify which parts can have their tolerances widened, reducing cost without sacrificing performance.
 - Smoke (Stress): Identify increases in junction temperature, secondary break-downs, power dissipation stresses, and voltage/current violations throughout your design.
 - Optimizer: Automatically optimize analog circuits and systems to find the best component values for your performance goals and constraints.
 - Parametric Plotter: Analyze/sweep multiple design and model parameters at once in plot or tabular form.
So, what type of simulation do you typically use for frequency response simulations? Well, the short answer is, a time domain simulation is ideal.
Graphic frequency waveform representation
SPICE can help with many aspects of your circuit design
Using Time Domain Simulations to Simulate Frequency Response
In regards to simulation software, time domain is the standard method for examining the behavior of an output signal for a given input signal (response). There are several reasons for this. First of all, when using time domain, you can calculate the current and voltage numerically across the entire circuit.
Secondly, you can examine the transitory behavior of a circuit to either a step response, like an input voltage switching from off to on or an impulse, such as a delta function input signal.
Finally, it affords you the ability to examine the response of a signal to a random input signal. You also have the option of using any input signal you choose as well as have these signals be a (repeating) waveform such as a triangle wave, digital pulse, or sawtooth wave. Also, you have the option of overlaying the input and output voltages to assess how the circuit influences the input signal. Furthermore, you gain a greater understanding of how a circuit performs when you examine the effects of input signal changes.
Frequency response simulations, like all simulations, are a vital part of PCB design. The use of simulations provide lower costs, saves time, increases design decision accuracy, and improves overall design quality. Having the ability to accurately predict the performance of an electronic circuit or device is an option every designer should utilize.
Alternatively, there are also AC simulations like AC sweep analysis wherein you can measure voltage and current changes with frequency. An AC sweep will enable you to calculate voltage and currents across a range of frequencies. Typically you will use a voltage source with an amplitude of 1V and use probes to generate the plots you need.
What is PSpice Simulation?
If you are like me, you probably have a couple of breadboards lying around, and believe me; they were once an invaluable tool. In some cases, they still have their uses, but overall, when addressing frequency response, simulation is the way to go.
In PCB design, obtaining an accurate frequency response throughout your circuit design is critical to the overall functionality of the PCB. With that in mind, the advantages and benefits of simulation (PSpice) software is a crucial part of ensuring proper design outcome.
So, what is PSpice? PSpice is an acronym for Personal Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis. In a more generalized description, it is an electronic circuit simulation tool (Cadence). During operation, PSpice will typically utilize a netlist generated from an OrCAD Capture. However, there is an option to operate it from MATLAB/Simulink. In summary, PSpice allows you to analyze as well as simulate your mixed-signal and analog circuits within OrCAD.
Cadence's design and analysis tools, are sure to have your designers and production teams working together towards implementing frequency response simulation solutions for all of your PCB designs. OrCAD PSpice Simulator facilitates the implementation of frequency response simulations for all of your electronic circuit design needs, as well as many other types of simulation to ensure top design security.
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TARDIS Index File
Planet (The Face of Evil)
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Type: Planet
Natives: Horda
Appearance: The Face of Evil
An Earth-like planet had at least part of its surface covered in dense jungle. The Horda was one of the native life forms.
In the far future, the planet was colonised by the Mordee expedition. Shortly after they arrived, the Fourth Doctor visited and assisted them in repairing their computer, Xoanon. Centuries after his original visit, the Doctor returned to the planet, only to find that the Mordee had split into two groups, the Sevateem and the Tesh, both of whom worshipped Xoanon, who had gone mad from the Doctor's efforts to help. After restoring Xoanon's sanity and reuniting the two tribes, the Doctor left, accompanied by the Sevateem warrior Leela. (TV: The Face of Evil)
There were giant jungle birds on the planet. (AUDIO: The Time Vampire)
Leela once compared the Congo in Central Africa to her planet. (AUDIO: The Ghosts of Gralstead)
There were no seasons on the planet. (AUDIO: The Child)
The jungle planet Garros reminded Leela of her home planet. (AUDIO: Zygon Hunt)
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text:
Gelechioidea-Whole Body Mounts
The following method for dissecting whole bodies of pinned specimens has been developed by R. Brown for comparative studies of non-traditional morphological structures. Data labels are removed from a pinned specimen and placed on a second pin with an additional label providing a unique preparation number. The left pair of wings is removed from the pinned specimen and retained for dry mounting, and the right pair of wings is used for preparing a wing venation slide. The remainder of the specimen is placed in 10% KOH while still on the pin. After the body is cleared overnight, the head (with antennae, labial palpi, and proboscis detached), thoracic segments, abdomen, and genitalia are separated in 20% ETOH and denuded. The remainder of the procedure for staining and dehydrating is the same as that used for genitalia. Body parts are mounted in Euparal on two slides with matching numbers followed by "A" and "B." The "A" slide includes head capsule and appendages, prothorax and mesothorax under one coverslip and the metathorax, abdomen, and genitalia under a second coverslip of the same slide. The "B" slide includes the intact, scaled foreand hindwings under one coverslip that is glued at the margins with fingernail polish, and the denuded and stained set of wings in euparal under a second coverslip.
Examples of structures revealed with whole body mounts
Spinose setae of tarsi
Head and sitophore

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Definition of Tumor registry
Tumor registry: Recorded information about the status of patients with tumors. Although a registry was originally the place where information was collected (in registers), the word registry has also come to mean the collection itself. A tumor registry is organized so that the data can be analyzed. For example, analysis of data in a tumor registry maintained at a hospital may show a rise in lung cancer among women.
Last Editorial Review: 3/19/2012
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Two ancient tea pots in the foreground positioned to the left and right, tea with steam in the centre of the page with two moons in the background
Tap Symbol In Tea Leaves
What does Tap symbol mean in tea leaves?
Uncover hidden tea leaf meanings
A Tap is used to gain access to liquid or gas from a container or a pipe and can be controlled.
As a symbol, a tap denotes your ability to control how much success you gain in life. If you happen to see a tap in your teacup, it means that the key to your success lies squarely with you; you can decide to become successful or poor at will.
Detailed meaning of the tap tea leaf symbol
Top of teacup: the tap at the top of the teacup means that you have managed to be where you are due to being able to control your life positively. Though there have been several issues that have arisen along the way, you are able to overcome them because of your strong will to succeed in life.
Help those who have a weak self-will and let them know that, you have to be strong to enable them to rise above the hurdles and come out victorious.
Middle of cup: a tap at the middle of the teacup denotes that, you need to up your game in order to be successful. It all depends on how hardworking you are because this is the only road to success. You need to double your efforts to get to the top in life - as soon as possible. Things happen to equal success. There are several hurdles which present themselves and, you have to be able to break and overcome these, to reach your destination in the goal for success. Make sure that you include your family and friends as they are a vital component of how one can be prosperous. Ask for help and find out how others have been a success. Ask about their strategy. Work out how people around you have achieved success as soon as possible.
Bottom of teacup: a tap at the bottom of the teacup denotes that you lack what it takes to become successful in life. Your personality defines a person who is worried about failure. If you are not comfortable with your own personality and approach to life, why not review things better. The key to success or failure squarely lies with you. You need to choose what you want. As of now, you are in the key to success, but you can turn it around and make sure that you are successful. All you need to do is start working hard, and success will follow you.
Scattered in the cup: scattered taps in your teacup is a good sign as it means that, you have several outlets where you are obtaining your success in life. Share your successes with others who find it hard to travel the path to success; get them to know the rough potholes that they will encounter and how they can go around it and make it to the top of their goals.
Conclusion: the power to succeed or fail in life squarely lies with you.
You have the power to make your life a success and become a shining example to everyone. You also have the power for failure and make sure you use your positive thinking power.
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text:
The code samples are from our headless and UI sample applications. They show you how to use the Push Service APIs of the BlackBerry 10 Native SDK to do the following:
- Create a PushService object so that your application can create a push session and perform push-related operations. The push session is required to establish communication with the PNS agent. The PNS agent is a software component that maintains a connection with the PPG, and forwards push notifications that it receives from the PPG to the appropriate application instance.
- Start running your headless application in the background if it isn't already running when a push message arrives.
- Create a push channel to the PPG and subscribe with the Push Initiator. The Push Initiator uses the push channel to send push notifications to our sample application.
- Receive a push message.
- Acknowledge the receipt of a push message.
- Handle notifications in the BlackBerry Hub.
- Destroy a push channel and unsubscribe from the Push Initiator.
- Automatically detect a changed SIM card and stop receiving push messages on the device.
- Handle a push transport error and a PPG server error.
- Handle a lost connection with the PNS agent.
Last modified: 2013-12-21

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
5.7. Scalar Coordinate Variables
When a variable has an associated coordinate which is
single-valued, that coordinate may be represented as a
scalar variable. Since there is no associated dimension
these scalar coordinate variables should be attached to
a data variable via the
Under COARDS the method of providing a single valued coordinate was to add a dimension of size one to the variable, and supply the corresponding coordinate variable. The new scalar coordinate variable is a convenience feature which avoids adding size one dimensions to variables. Scalar coordinate variables have the same information content and can be used in the same contexts as a size one coordinate variable. Note however that use of this feature with a latitude, longitude, vertical, or time coordinate will inhibit COARDS conforming applications from recognizing them.
Once a name is used for a scalar coordinate variable it can not be used for a 1D coordinate variable. For this reason we strongly recommend against using a name for a scalar coordinate variable that matches the name of any dimension in the file.
Example 5.11. Multiple forecasts from a single analysis
dimensions: lat = 180 ; lon = 360 ; time = UNLIMITED ; variables: double atime atime:standard_name = "forecast_reference_time" ; atime:units = "hours since 1999-01-01 00:00" ; double time(time); time:standard_name = "time" ; time:units = "hours since 1999-01-01 00:00" ; double lon(lon) ; lon:long_name = "station longitude"; lon:units = "degrees_east"; double lat(lat) ; lat:long_name = "station latitude" ; lat:units = "degrees_north" ; double p500 p500:long_name = "pressure" ; p500:units = "hPa" ; p500:positive = "down" ; float height(time,lat,lon); height:long_name = "geopotential height" ; height:standard_name = "geopotential_height" ; height:units = "m" ; height:coordinates = "atime p500" ; data: time = 6., 12., 18., 24. ; atime = 0. ; p500 = 500. ;
In this example both the analysis time and the single pressure level are represented using scalar coordinate variables. The analysis time is identified by the standard name "forecast_reference_time" while the valid time of the forecast is identified by the standard name "time".


text:
Exhibition space: Active seeing – a feast for the eyes
Liz Coats has devoted decades to researching the interaction of paint colours and how people perceive them. Simon Jenkins reports.
The work of Liz Coats mesmerises. Just like a kaleidoscope showing various prisms of light and colour that partially cross over each other and enhance those beneath, her abstract paintings draw the viewer ever deeper into their centre (almost intentionally as if to attract and capture their sight forever). At the same time, they treat the eye to a feast of colour that evokes visual insight in the present moment.


Letter from Africa: Why age is just a number in Ghana
By Lorlornyofm May 14, 2017 14:02
Letter from Africa: Why age is just a number in Ghana
In our series of letters from African journalists, veteran Ghanaian journalist Elizabeth Ohene reflects on why in Ghana a person's age is not etched in stone.
Ghanaians do not particularly love numbers. We tend to be quite lax, especially with figures that have to do with age.
Someone's date of birth or age is not considered important and very rarely features in any story about that person.
I know that in many parts of the world, once you are born and you acquire a date of birth, it stays with you. It is unchangeable and you die with it.
In Ghana, it is common to see notices in newspapers announcing a change in someone's date of birth. This often happens when a working person's date of retirement is approaching.
People then swear an affidavit to change their profiles from the 59-year-olds they are known to be, to the 55-year-olds that they want to be so they can carry on receiving a salary for a few extra years.
According to the constitution, the retirement age for most public officers is 60.
Seven years younger
Some people have been known to swear affidavits to change their date of birth that would put them in Primary Class One before they were born.
The most dramatic Notice of Change of Date of Birth I have seen was one that reduced an official's age by seven years.
An official of the Electoral Commission (EC) helps a voter to do biometric verification before casting his vote for the presidential election at Bole district in northern Ghana, on December 7, 2016.
Image copyright AFP: Image caption Incorrect birth records could undermine elections
I am writing about this subject because of a recent news item that I thought went way beyond the extraordinary, even for Ghana.
The news report said that about 800 teachers had applied to the Ghana Education Service to have their ages changed.
Some wanted their dates of birth changed to make them younger and a few wanted their dates changed to make them older than what was on their documentation.
The news story was greeted with a lot of outrage and I said to myself: This must mean Ghana is finally joining the rest of the world in paying respect to dates of birth.
"How can people want their dates of birth to be changed?" was the incredulous reaction to the story I heard from many young people.
But then the head of one of the teaching unions came out to make a spirited defence of his members.
The teachers wanted their dates of birth changed only because, according to him, mistakes had been made at the time of their employment by the payroll departments in entering the dates.
Why make a fuss about three years?
This phenomenon has been possible because very few births are recorded.
Once upon a time it was illiterate parents that did not bother to get the births of their children recorded and with time the date got lost in the mists of memory.
A birth certificate is supposed to be provided before a child can be enrolled in school but somehow or other, many people are able to get their children into school without birth certificates.
Elizabeth Ohene:
Elizabeth Ohene
Elizabeth Ohene
This total disregard for the sanctity of dates of birth manifests in other ways that sometimes undermines all official records in Ghana.
When in later life you require a birth certificate, you would go before a commissioner of oaths and offer a date that would be said to be based on the best "guessestimate" given you by your parents or family member.
In much later life, when you are approaching the compulsory retirement age of 60 and you desperately want to continue to work a few more years because you can't survive on your pension, you go back to the commissioner of oaths and swear that you have now discovered compelling evidence that the original date of your certificate was wrong.
For example, you were told that you were born in the year the chief of the village was enstooled (inaugurated) and you have discovered he was enstooled in 1968 and not 1965.
There probably does not exist any official record of the date of the enstoolment of this chief anyway, so why make a fuss about a difference of three years?
Ghana school class
Some school children might have voter cards
I have seen school children who cannot be more than 14 years old who have voters registration cards. The law says you have to be 18 to register to vote.
The consequences might follow you through life unless you are prepared to go on paying visits to the commissioner of oaths to acquire new dates of birth.
Police recruitment advertisements have a cut-off date of 25 years.
You are really 21 but have a voters' registration card that says you are 26 because you passed yourself off as 18 when you were 14.
Sometimes it has been football players who try to shave off a number of years from their ages so they can participate in age-restricted competitions.
Nana Akufo-Addo, the new president of Ghana,
Photo: President Nana Akufo-Addo, 73, wants citizens to have ID cards with unchangeable biometric data
These days technology is being deployed to ensure the integrity of such competitions, making it difficult for 20-somethings to participate in under-17 competitions.
A lot of attempts have been made to enforce the registration of births and deaths, and so far all these attempts have failed spectacularly.
There is already in existence a regulation issued by the head of the civil service some years ago which says public officials are not allowed to change their dates of birth during their time in government employment.
In other words, you are stuck with whatever date of birth you enter the service with, and you cannot get younger or older by swearing an affidavit.
It was always going to be difficult to enforce this directive because there are many people here who believe their ages are "confidential" and should not be advertised.
You could ask someone how old they were and get a reply: Is it my official or real age that you want?
One of the firm promises made by the new government is that within its first year in office, a national identification system will be in place.
In other words, all Ghanaians will have identification cards with their unchangeable biometric data and none of us will be able to swear an affidavit to acquire a new date of birth.
Stan Wawrinka of Switzerland plays a forehand in his semifinal match against Roger Federer of Switzerland on day 11 of the 2017 Australian Open at Melbourne Park on January 26, 2017 in Melbourne, Australia.
Switzerland's tennis star Stan Wawrinka has been described as "a mere 31"
We are all holding our breath.
And whilst I await this dramatic change, I have been wondering if there are any advantages in the current situation where a person's age is a changeable and confidential figure?
My mind went to a sentence I read in an online article in a British newspaper earlier this year.
Those who follow tennis would recognise that this was part of a report during the Australian Open:
"A few hours after Serena Williams, 35, joined her 36-year-old sister, Venus, in the women's final by trouncing the 34-year-old Mirjana Lucic-Baroni, Federer, 35, somehow conjured some more retro magic to beat Stan Wawrinka, a mere 31, for the 19th time in 22 matches," the article in The Guardian said.
I fear that faced with the possibility of such prose in our newspapers, many people in Ghana are going to opt to keep dates of birth a changeable and private event.
By Lorlornyofm May 14, 2017 14:02
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Take the 2-minute tour ×
Possible Duplicate:
Flatten a list using only the forms in "The Little Schemer"
I simply want to turn '(a b (c d) e) into '(a b c d e) (i.e., insert each member of the inner list into the outer list, while maintaining the order of the elements).
There has to be a simple way to do this, but it eludes me for some reason.
share|improve this question
marked as duplicate by Barmar, iMat, jonsca, Vikdor, Jason Sturges Sep 28 '12 at 3:16
Spoiler: _URL_. (If this is for homework, please don't read that thread until you've tried solving it first!) – Chris Jester-Young Sep 28 '12 at 0:50
1 Answer 1
You see that '(a b (c d) e) is a tree, don't you? Something like
In this representation, nodes are lists, and leafs are symbols. What you could do, it print all the leafs of the tree:
 1. if the tree is empty (= is the empty list), then stop
 2. If the tree is not empty, then
 1. If the tree's CAR is a symbol, print it, then process the CDR of the tree
 2. If the tree's CAR is a list, process the CAR of the tree, then process the CDR o the tree
Once you do that, you'll replace "print" by "put the value somewhere". Hopefully, that should lead you to what you want.
share|improve this answer


text:
With hardwoods, the story is quite different. Hardwoods are sold by the board foot, which is a calculation of the cubic size of the board. A board foot is 12 inches by 12 inches by 1 inch, or one-twelfth of a cubic foot.
To begin, one must first understand the thicknesses of hardwoods. Typically, board thicknesses will be listed in fourths:
- 3/4 =.75 inch in thickness
- 4/4 = 1.00 inch
- 5/4 = 1.25 inches
- 6/4 = 1.50 inches
- 7/4 = 1.75 inches
- 8/4 = 2.00 inches and so on...
(length x width x thickness)/144
All of the dimensions in this formula are in inches. For instance, a 10-inch wide, 3/4 board that measures 96-inches in length would come out to five board feet: (96 x 10 x.75)/144 = 5
In another example, a 6/4 board that is 8 inches wide and 6-feet long (72 inches) would be six board feet: (72 x 8 x 1.50)/144 = 6
If you know the board feet measurement of each board and you know how much the lumberyard charges per board foot, you can determine the cost for that board. For instance, if the two boards above were oak, and you know that the lumberyard charges $18 per board foot for oak, in the first example above, the cost for the board would be $90 (5 BF x $18 per BF = $90).
In the second example, the price for that board would be $108 (6 BF x $18 = $108).
It's important to verify the price per board when you buy or sell lumber, because some yards like adjust to round numbers. In other words, if you try to buy three boards of oak that measure out to 6.72 BF, 5.69 BF and 7.71 BF, the lumberyard might try to round each board up to 7, 6 and 8 respectively. This seemingly minor adjustment would end up costing you an additional $15.84 over the actual BF prices for the three boards.
When going to buy hardwoods, don't be afraid to challenge their measurements. It doesn't hurt to keep a small calculator in your pocket and calculate the prices to check their figures. Most lumberyards will calculate it properly, but as you can see, just a small rounding can end up costing you quite a bit in the long run.


[20.92 MiB] Rig it Right! Maya Animation Rigging Concepts, 2nd edition books by Tina O'Hailey
Rig it Right! breaks down rigging so that you can achieve a fundamental understanding of the concept. The author will get you up and rigging with step-by-step tutorials covering multiple animation control types, connection methods, interactive skinning, BlendShapes, edgeloops, and joint placement, to name a few. The concept of a bi-ped is explored as a human compared to a bird character allowing you to see that a bi-ped is a bi-ped and how to problem solve for the limbs at hand. Rig it Right! will take you to a more advanced level where you will learn how to create stretchy rigs with invisible control systems and use that to create your own types of rigs.
Key Features Hone your skills every step of the way with short tutorials and editable rigs that accompany each chapter. (17+ rigs!!). Read "Tina's 10 Rules of Rigging" and build the foundational knowledge needed to successfully rig your characters. Visit the companion website and expand your newfound knowledge with editable rigs, exercises, and videos that elaborate on techniques covered in the book. Companion data filled with example files at AR(Augmented Reality) enabled images throughout the book! Coffee is not required – but encouraged.
Rig it Right! Maya Animation Rigging Concepts, 2nd edition
Title:Rig it Right! Maya Animation Rigging Concepts, 2nd edition
Format Type:eBook PDF / e-Pub
Date release:
Size:20.92 MiB
Category:Media Arts, Books, Arts & Entertainment


text:
History of Horse Boarding at WRSHP
History of Horse Boarding at WRSHP
For most of the last 50 years, privately owned horses could be boarded at the stables and pastures of WRSHP. Unfortunately, the demands of running a boarding stable sometimes conflicted with preserving the Park as a public memorial to Will Rogers. Horse boarding—for the explicit purpose of establishing a regular polo program—began in 1952. At first, there were 19 boarded horses, but by 1968 there were 85 horses. By 1974 the limit had been raised to 100 horses, but 114 were actually living at the Park. During Will Rogers' lifetime, only 20 to 30 horses were on the ranch. The growth in boarding accompanied increasing public complaints of exclusivity and monopoly, finally provoking an investigation by the State Auditor General in 1974. The Auditor General found that the concessionaire had constructed new facilities without approval, and that the number of horses maintained in the park consistently exceeded the allowable maximum. It also reported testimony that the public was effectively excluded from some parts of the unit.
The Department adopted a Horse Management Plan in September, 1979. The objective of the plan was to provide more access for the visiting public and complete interpretation of the grounds at the Park. It contained the following policies:
- Continue horse presence in the unit;
- Continue polo games;
- Limit horses stabled on the grounds to 32;
- Restore Hart and Mitt Canyons [which had been cluttered with pipe corrals]; and
- Maintenance of the Stable should be a Department responsibility.
This plan remained in effect as a Commission policy until superseded in 1992 by a General Plan for the Park. The General Plan raised the maximum number of boarded horses from 32 to 45. A series of concessionaires ran equestrian activities at the Park until 1997. Initially, the Department received no fees from the concessionaires, who were expected to maintain the Polo Field in exchange for use of the facilities.
Beginning in 1963, the Department began receiving payments as well as specifying maintenance obligations. By 1967 Park managers were beginning to look to these contracts as a source of revenue. Although the Department had separate contracts for polo, riding lessons, and trail riding, it decided to combine all equestrian operations into a single concession. The idea was that a single equestrian operation would "be allowed to generate sufficient income to maintain all facilities and to coordinate all horse activities." The goal of generating income to maintain all Park facilities seems to have driven subsequent concession contracts.
By the early 1960s, complaints were mounting about the concessions. Under the initial polo contract, there was a great deal of resentment at the so-called monopoly that the concessionaire enjoyed. Once other equestrian activities were added to the concession contract, there were complaints that the number of horses exceeded the contract limit, and that the horses caused erosion problems.
By the early 1980s, the Department received citizen complaints of irregularities in the polo operation, of failure to maintain the facilities, and of exclusion of non-boarder equestrians from the park. At about this time, Will Rogers' family began to express concerns over restricting public access to the Park and inadequate maintenance of the historic Stable. Other public comments received on the draft General Plan expressed concern that the equestrian activities offered did not reflect those of the historic era, when Will Rogers played polo and enjoyed roping on his ranch. To balance the concerns about the historic Stable and the need to generate revenue to maintain the Park, the General Plan allows only 10 horses to be boarded in the stable, while raising the total number in the park to 45.
In the early 1990s, the Will Rogers Cooperative Association ran the concession. The Association's goal was to use the funds generated by the equestrian operations to restore the historic facilities and support interpretive programs. Perhaps exacerbated by the immediate need to remove boarded horses from the Stable during the restoration of that structure, their tenure was involved from the beginning in controversy with the boarders and the polo club.
When the Cooperative Association's four-year tenure ended in 1997, the Department attempted to change its approach to the situation. It contracted with a manager to run the equestrian operations, while turning maintenance of the Stable over to Park staff. When criticism continued, a second management contract was tried. Finally, the Department established the equestrian operation as a lease in February, 2000.


text:
Honor,Courage & Commitment
Worn with pride and respectHONOR guides Marines to exemplify the ultimate in ethical and moral behavior as detailed in the following list:Obey the lawLead by exampleRespect yourself and othersMaintain a high standard of integritySupport and defend the constitutionUphold special trust and confidencePlace faith and honor above all elseHonor fellow Marines, the Corps, Country, and Family.The qualities of maturity, dedication, trust and dependability commit Marines to act responsibly; to be accountable for their actions; and to fulfill their obligations.COURAGE is the mental, moral and physical strength ingrained in Marines. Courage is the ability to do the right thing, in the right way, for the right reasons. It carries Marines through the challenges of combat and aids them in overcoming fear. It is the inner strength that enables a Marine to do what is right; to adhere to a higher standard of personal conduct; to lead by example; and to make tough decisions under stress and pressure.COMMITMENT is the spirit of determination and dedication found in Marines. It leads to the highest order of discipline for individuals and units. It is the ingredient that enables 24-hour-a-day dedication to the Corps and country. It inspires the unrelenting determination to achieve a standard of excellence in every endeavor.


text:
Decode QR codes (and other 1D/2D barcode formats)
QRcode generation is well served in the Ruby community, but decoding seems to be stuck in the Java world. This is an attempt to bridge the gap by wrapping the ZXing library with JRuby. ZXing conveniently decodes a plethora of barcodes. Their site has a complete list.
gem install zxing
JRuby (tested with 1.5.6), OR
MRI (1.8.7 and 1.9.2) with jruby-jars gem
require 'zxing' # Pass a path to a file, and it will return the characters encoded within # the barcode image. For example, if a QRCode image has the text "QRcode # string" embedded: ZXing.decode '/Users/ecin/qrcode.png' #=> "QRcode string" # ZXing#decode_all returns an array of encoded values. For example if an # image has a barcode encoded with the value "test123" and another barcode # encoded with the value "test456": ZXing.decode_all 'image_with_multiple_barcodes.png' #=> ["test456", "test123"] # You can also decode a URL... ZXing.decode '_URL_ # or an instance of File ZXing.decode File.new('qrcode.png') # or anything that returns a URL or file path when _TAG_ is called on it. class Image attr_reader :path def initialize(path); _USER_ = path end end # ZXing#decode returns nil if it can't decode the image. ZXing.decode 'image_without_a_code.png' #=> nil # ZXing#decode! will raise an error if it can't decode the image. ZXing.decode! 'image_without_a_code.png' #=> raises ZXing::UndecodableError
A Decodable module is included (pun intended) to ease using the library with objects that return the URL or file path to decode when _TAG_ or _TAG_ is called.
require 'zxing/decodable' class File include Decodable end file = File.open('qrcode.png') file.decode


NavMesh building components API
Creating a NavMesh Agent
Advanced NavMesh Bake Settings
Min Region Area
The Min Region Area advanced build settings allows you to cull away small non-connected NavMesh regions. NavMesh regions whose surface area is smaller than the specified value, will be removed.
Please note that some areas may not get removed despite the Min Region Area setting. The NavMesh is built in parallel as a grid of tiles. If an area straddles a tile boundary, the area is not removed. The reason for this is that the area pruning happens at a stage in the build process where surrounding tiles are not accessible.
Voxel Size
Manual voxel size allows you to change the accuracy at which the bake process operates.
The NavMesh bake process uses voxelization to build the NavMesh from arbitrary level geometry. In the first pass of the algorithm, the scene is rasterized into voxels, then the walkable surfaces are extracted, and finally the walkable surfaces are turned into a navigation mesh. The voxel size describes how accurately the resulting NavMesh represents the scene geometry.
The default accuracy is set so that there are 3 voxels per agent radius, that is, the whole agent width is 6 voxels. This is a good trade off between accuracy and bake speed. Halving the voxel size will increase the memory usage by 4x and it will take 4x longer to build the scene.
Generally you should not need to adjust the voxel size, there are two scenarios where this might be necessary: building a smaller agent radius, or more accurate NavMesh.
Smaller Agent Radius
When you bake for an artificially smaller agent radius, the NavMesh bake system will also reduce the voxel size. If your other agent dimensions stays the same, it may not be necessary to increase the NavMesh build resolution.
The easiest way to do that is as follows:
 1. Set the Agent Radius to the real agent radius.
 2. Turn on the Manual Voxel Size, this will take the current voxel size and "freeze it".
 3. Set the artificially smaller Agent Radius, since you have checked on the Manual Voxel Size the voxel size will not change.
More Accurate NavMesh
If your level has a lot of tight spots, you may want to increase the accuracy by making the voxel smaller. The label under the Voxel Size shows the relation between the voxel size and Agent Radius. A good range is something between 2–8, going further than that generally results really long build times.
When you intentionally build tight corridors in your game, please note that you should leave at least 4 * voxelSize clearance in addition to the agent radius, especially if the corridors are at angles.
If you need smaller corridors than the NavMesh baking can support, please consider using Off-Mesh Links. These have the additional benefit that you can detect when they are being used and can, for example, play a specific animation.
Further reading
NavMesh building components API
Creating a NavMesh Agent


text:
The Aberfoyle Park Primary School Campus is located in the Adelaide hills 18 kilometres south of the city. The concept of the Campus with State School (Thiele), Catholic Education Office (Nativity) and the Uniting Church System (Pilgrim) sharing facilities was new to South Australia and probably Australia when it was first developed.
After years of preliminary planning the joint project came to fruition at the beginning of the 1982 school year when the schools admitted their first students. The Shared facilities include an activity hall, resource centre, gymnasium and Campus staff room. Shared programs include Physical Education, Music, and Resource Based Learning. In 2001 the Aberfoyle Park Campus Preschool was opened by the Minister of Education and Children's Services. This relocated facility has a capacity of 45 children per session and is located in the grounds of the Campus. There is a strong vision and spirit of cooperation and collaboration between the four schools. Having the three schools on one site provides the following educational advantages:
- A degreeof choice for parents when deciding what kind of school they want their children to attend.
- Resources available for all three schools that could not be financed by three separate schools.
- Sharing staff expertise between the three schools
- Promoting tolerance and cooperation between the school community of children, parents and staff
The shared schools resources of the Campus community includes:
- the Central Administration
- an excellent gymnasium
- a large staff and community meeting room
- central resource area
- activity hall and canteen
- two ovals
- hard play areas
- a large central courtyard
Parents sharing on the Campus is at many levels
The parents cooperate and work together in these areas:
- Campus Conference
- Sports Teams
- Resource Centre
Parents are encouraged to be involved in decision making in the individual schools and to work with the teachers in the classroom situation. The children are encouraged to develop a sense of belonging to the Campus.
This is achieved by:
|• Wearing the same uniform
(Varied in the State Schools)
- Playing together in the playground
- Participating in Campus sports Teams
- Sharing organised activities such as Book Week,
an Arts Festival and a Science Exposition.
- Across Campus Educational Programs:
- Language other than English (LOTE)
There are many activities of an informal nature across schools:
- Going on excursions together
- School camps
- Classes working together on a shared project


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I am thinking about smooth vector fields on some (open set of an) euclidean space $\mathbb{R}^n$.
I know that the integral curves of a general vector field $X$ are not defined for every time $t\in \mathbb{R}$. A simple example is given by $X=x^2 \partial _x$ on $\mathbb{R}$, whose integral curve emanating at $t=0$ from some $x_0 >0$ is given by $\gamma(t) = \frac{x_0}{1-tx_0}$. This curve is defined only on $]-\infty, \frac{1}{x_0}[$; moreover as $t$ ranges in that set we have $\gamma (t)\in ]0,+\infty[$.
I would like to see an example of a vector field $X \in \mathfrak{X}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ such that the integral curve emanating at $t=0$ from some point $p$ is defined only for bounded times $t\in]-T,T[$ $ \ $ (with $T<+\infty$) and also remains bounded "in space", i.e. there exist a compact $K\subset \mathbb{R}^n$ such that $\gamma (t) \in K, \ \ \forall t \in ]-T,T[$. Can anyone provide some example or hint to build one?
Edit from comments: it has been pointed out that, by the Escape Lemma, such a vector field cannot exist, because if the maximal domain is not the whole $\mathbb{R}$, then the curves are forced to "escape" any compact set.
So let me slightly modify my question: in the above notations, let $T=+\infty$, so that the maximal domain is $\mathbb{R}$ and the integral curves can a priori be bounded. The first example I can think of is the following:
consider $X=x\partial _y -y\partial _x \in \mathfrak{X}(\mathbb{R}^2)$ and $p=(1,0)$. Then the integral curve starting at $p$ is just $S^1$ and $X$ can be pictured as its tangent counter-clockwise unit vector field.
This would answer my question, but this is not what I was really looking for, because this curve is not simple (it's periodic indeed), so it's defined for every time and bounded, but let me say in a quite trivial way.
So what I'm actually looking for is this: a vector field $X$ that at some point has a simple integral curve (i.e. injective as a map $\gamma : \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}^n$) which is bounded in a compact set $K$ (and so globally defined, by the Escape Lemma). Is this possible? (maybe there is another result I don't know which proves this cannot be the case).
share|improve this question
Maybe I'm forgetting (it's been years since I took manifolds), but isn't this exactly what the Escape Lemma says cannot happen? Concretely, that if the maximal domain of an integral curve is not all of $\mathbb{R}$, then it must escape to infinity (i.e. it cannot lie in any compact set). – Matt Jan 23 '13 at 17:30
_USER_ : you are right! I didn't know this lemma, thank you. I've edited my question accordingly. – Lor Jan 23 '13 at 19:13
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2 Answers
up vote 2 down vote accepted
How about a vector field in the plane with a stable limit cycle?
$$ \frac{dr}{dt} = r(1-r) \\ \frac{d \theta}{dt} = r $$ If I'm not mistaken, this is a continuous vector field with an unstable singularity at the origin such that any initial condition in the punctured disk $\{1 > r > 0\}$ tends toward the periodic orbit $\{r = 1\}$.
share|improve this answer
This is what I was looking for, so I tried to carry out the computations. It turns out (if I'm still able to solve ODEs) that the integral curve starting from $(r_0,\theta _0)$ is given by $r(t)=\frac{r_0 e^t }{1-r_0 +r_0 e^t }$ and $\theta (t)= \theta _0 + ln (1-r_0 +r_0 e^t)$. So this is a complete vector field with integral curves bounded in the unit ball and tending towards the special orbits in $0$ and $S^1$ as $t \to -\infty$ or $+\infty$. Thank you very much! – Lor Jan 31 '13 at 11:58
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How about this flow in $\mathbb{R}^3$: $$\begin{align} \dot{x} &= -\beta y + 2zx\\ \dot{y} &= \beta x + 2zy\\ \dot{z} &= 4 - x^2 - y^2 + z^2 \end{align} $$ If one embed $\mathbb{R}^3$ into $S^3 \subset \mathbb{R}^4 \sim \mathbb{C}^2$ through the mapping: $$\begin{align} (x,y,z) &\to (X,Y,Z,W) = (\frac{x}{1+r^2/4},\frac{y}{1+r^4/4},\frac{z}{1+r^2/4},\frac{1-r^2/4}{1+r^2/4})\\ &\to (U,V) = (X+iY, Z+iW) \end{align} $$ the above flow can be rewritten as: $$\begin{align} \dot{U} &= i\beta U\\ \dot{V} &= -4 i V \end{align} $$ This flow is a rotation in $U$ direction with speed $\beta$ and $V$ direction with speed $-4$. If $\beta$ is irrational and $|U|, |V| \ne 0$, the flow line will not repeat and fill the surface of a torus.
This flow in $\mathbb{R}^3$ is possible because of the famous Hopf fibration of $S^3$ by $S^2$. If you want to have a feeling how the torus are nested, the wiki page of Hopf fibration is a possible start.
share|improve this answer
This example is really nice, thank you! Let me see if I get the geometry of this. The integral curves starting from $(U_0,V_0)$ are given by $(U(t),V(t))=(U_0 e^{i\beta t},V_0 e^{-i4t})$, so they live on a torus in $S^3$. If I take $|U|=|V|=1$, isn't this the canonical Heegaard surface of genus 1 for $S^3$? – Lor Jan 31 '13 at 12:53
Do you mean $|U| = |V| = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$? It is clearly a torus and acted as a Heegaard surface of genius 1. I don't know whether it is the canonical one you referred to. I've only heard of their names but never studied them. – achille hui Jan 31 '13 at 13:26
sure, I was thinking about unit vectors, but I haven't written it properly. Anyway this is what I mean with "canonical Heegaard surface of genus 1 for $S^3$", so I'm really happy with this example, thanks again! – Lor Jan 31 '13 at 14:07
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Crown Lengthening Procedure for Short Crowns
Home > Periodontics > Crown Lengthening procedure for short crowns
FAQ's :
1. How long does it take for a crown lengthening to heal?
It usually takes 7 to 10 days. If bone trimming is done then Your gums should heal for aboutone to three months before the tooth is prepared for the final crown.
2. What is the procedure for crown lengthening?
3. Is a crown lengthening necessary?
A crown lengthening can reduce the bone level and gum tissue in order to gain better access to your tooth. When a tooth breaks, or if there is severe decay, the remaining healthy tooth area is reduced and this can affect the potential for a successful tooth restoration.
4. Does a crown lengthening hurt?
The dentist removes a small amount of gum and bone around the tooth, and several weeks are needed for healing. The new "taller" tooth is then prepared for the crown. The crown lengthening procedure starts with anesthesia, and then the periodontist removes excess gum tissue to expose more of your teeth.
Book Your Appoinment
 Patient's Reviews


text:
The i-Pro's Radial Consistency
Radial consistency is the shaft's ability to reproduce the same results, regardless of its orientation. This means the shaft will perform more predictably from shot to shot. The i-Pro's Octadic Laminated Shaft Construction, combined with its Triple-Layer Carbon Fiber Core, makes it the most radial consistent shaft we've ever made.
Octadic Laminated Shaft Construction
The Octadic Laminated Shaft Construction features eight spliced pieces of premium maple that are bonded together to form our most radial consistent shaft yet. This construction method drastically reduces the performance inconsistencies caused by natural wood grain. This technology maximizes energy transfer from the shaft into the cue ball at impact, allowing you to generate a higher spin rate while hitting closer to center cue ball.
Triple-Layer Carbon Fiber Core
The i-Pro's Triple-Layer Carbon Fiber Core extends the full-length of the shaft (from ferrule to joint), stabilizing the entire shaft for absolute control and predictability. This technology increases radial consistency, reduces vibration and virtually eliminates the inconsistencies found in a traditional maple shaft.


Socket.Connected Property
Gets a value that indicates whether a Socket is connected to a remote host as of the last Send or Receive operation.
Namespace: System.Net.Sockets
Assembly: System (in System.dll)
public bool Connected { get; }
Property Value
Type: System.Boolean
true if the Socket was connected to a remote resource as of the most recent operation; otherwise, false.
The Connected property gets the connection state of the Socket as of the last I/O operation. When it returns false, the Socket was either never connected, or is no longer connected.
The value of the Connected property reflects the state of the connection as of the most recent operation. If you need to determine the current state of the connection, make a nonblocking, zero-byte Send call. If the call returns successfully or throws a WAEWOULDBLOCK error code (10035), then the socket is still connected; otherwise, the socket is no longer connected.
If you call Connect on a User Datagram Protocol (UDP) socket, the Connected property always returns true; however, this action does not change the inherent connectionless nature of UDP.
The following code example connects to a remote endpoint, checks the Connected property, and checks the current state of the connection.
//.Connect throws an exception if unsuccessful
// This is how you can determine whether a socket is still connected.
bool blockingState = client.Blocking;
 byte [] tmp = new byte[1];
 client.Blocking = false;
 client.Send(tmp, 0, 0);
catch (SocketException e)
 // 10035 == WSAEWOULDBLOCK
 if (e.NativeErrorCode.Equals(10035))
 Console.WriteLine("Still Connected, but the Send would block");
 Console.WriteLine("Disconnected: error code {0}!", e.NativeErrorCode);
 client.Blocking = blockingState;
 Console.WriteLine("Connected: {0}", client.Connected);
.NET Framework
.NET Framework Client Profile
Supported in: 4, 3.5 SP1
Supported in: Windows Phone 8.1
Supported in: Windows Phone Silverlight 8.1
Supported in: Windows Phone Silverlight 8
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© 2014 Microsoft


text:
Course Design for Well-Being: A Students' Bill of Rights
Judith Pintar (School of Information Science)
The Art of Teaching Lunchtime Seminar Series is back with a new slate of inspiring faculty from across the disciplines sharing their ideas and experiences on teaching and learning. On Thursday September 1, Judith Pintar will present Course Design for Well-Being: A Students' Bill of Rights. Professor Pintar worked with undergraduate students to identify course design elements that they experience as inclusive (or excluding), fair (or unfair), effective (or frustrating), as well as those which produce feelings of confidence (or anxiety), agency (or powerlessness), engagement (or boredom), and resilience (or failure). The resulting Students' Bill of Rights is a meta-rubric intended to increase awareness of the connection between course design and student well-being, and to begin to outline a UX framework for designing fair and inclusive courses. Register here for this online presentation from 12-1pm on Zoom.


Some Ruggedness (DRS) Comparisons for Mountain Ranges
A natural question to ask is "is Mountain Range X more rugged than Mountain Range Y?" This is a bit of a slippery question, but ORS gives one way of answering such questions, by quantifying a certain measure of the ruggedness of a region.
We do this essentially by taking the average ORS value of each point in the region. This results in a measure of ruggedness, which we call domain relief and steepness (DRS), which rewards both relief and steepness. Click here for an old, but still valid, explanation of DRS. See the bottom of this page for acknowledgements.
NEW: Technical rough draft paper on RORS and DRS (ruggedness)
However, there is still the question of how large a region to select to represent the range in question, since ranges do not have precisely delineated boundaries. I have decided not to decide; rather, I present the data in graphical format, with ruggedness values calculated for various different versions of each range. (I also present tables below with the same data.) See below the first graph for a more detailed explanation of what these graphs mean.
NOTE: Most of these calculations use an old version of DRS (which we used to call simply "ruggedness", or "Rug"), which in turn used an old normalization of ORS (spire measure). The old version differs from the most recent version by up to 25%, in a way that depends on the steepness of the terrain. These DRS calculations remain qualitatively correct, but direct comparisons between these numbers and the ORS values for individual peaks are suspect. I plan to eventually update these DRS calculations to the new version of ORS.
NEW: A detailed workup of the Wasatch Range in Utah (using the most recent version of DRS)
A preliminary workup of Zion National Park in Utah (also using the most recent version of DRS)
Here is a comparison of some of the world's most rugged ranges.
Nepal Karakoram Pamir Alps SW BC Coast
Click on the name of a range in the legend box to see pictures of some of the regions displayed on this graph.
Here is how to read this graph and the others like it on this page. For example, let's look at the Nepal Himalaya. The data point at Area = 99200 km^2, Rug = 261m, indicates that if we look at all the possible subregions of Nepal with area 99200 km^2, the most rugged such region has a ruggedness (roughly, average spire measure) of 261m. This is a rather large interpretation of "The Nepal Himalaya," as you can see by the picture here.
If we focus down to a smaller size, and still look for the most rugged region, the average ruggedness will increase, since we are picking the best parts of the larger region. So for example, the data point at Area = 50300 km^2, Rug = 307m, indicates a fairly restrictive interpretation of "The Nepal Himalaya," which excludes much lowland and plateau terrain. And the data point at Area = 7500 km^2, Rug = 421m, just selects parts of the Dhaulagiri, Annapurna, Mansiri, and Ganesh Himals, the very ruggedest parts of the Nepal Himalaya. At the left-hand extreme of the Nepal curve, the data point at Area = 1200 km^2, Rug = 471m represents just the Annapurna Himal, which turns out to be the ruggedest massif within the Nepal Himalaya, and probably the ruggedest massif in the world.
A similar story is true for all of the ranges on this graph and on all the graphs on this page: one can look at a large version of the range, encompassing everything one could define as being in that range, including much foothill terrain, but this will lead to a relatively low average ruggedness. Or one can look at smaller and smaller versions of the range, or subranges/massifs within the range, always selecting the most rugged region with a given size. These will have higher and higher average ruggedness as the size decreases, but they will be less representative of the range as a whole.
Further notes:
 1. Note that the area (x) axis uses a logarithmic scale.
 2. When the graph of one range (say the Karakoram) is always above that of another range (say the Pamir) then we can confidently say that the first range is more rugged. If the curves are close (e.g the Karakoram and the Nepal Himalaya) or cross each other, we can't judge one or the other as the clear winner.
 3. Some ranges are bigger in area than others; e.g. the curve for the Pamir stops around 30,000 km^2 since the range is simply smaller than some of the others. Also, for some ranges I have not calculated ruggedness values for all possible areas. Here, the calculations for A < 10000 km^2 focus on the best part of a range, or even the single most rugged massif.
 4. Although I have not put explicit error bars on the plotted points, a difference of less than 5% is never significant. Also, the lines between the data points are simple linear interpolation, so they are not very precise.
The next graph focuses on North America's best ranges.
So-BC-Coast Canadian Rockies Alaska North Cascades West Chugach Wrangell-St. Elias
Now we turn to the contiguous US---just a few selected ranges.
North Cascades Sierra Nevada Colorado White Mtns (NH)
Click on the name of a range in the legend box to see pictures of some of the regions displayed on this graph. (Not all data points have corresponding pictures.)
Here are another few selected world ranges.
New Zealand Norway Norway
One convenient way to see these comparisons is to choose some (arbitrary) sizes and compare at those fixed sizes.
Alps-size ranges, compared at 100,000 km^2
Range Ruggedness (m)
Nepal Himalaya 261
Southern BC Coast 178
Alps 177
Southern Canadian Rockies/Columbia 146
Scandinavia 92
Colorado-size ranges, compared at 50,000 km^2
Range Ruggedness (m)
Nepal Himalaya (Small) 307
Karakoram (Small) 297
Southern BC Coast (Small) 200
Alps (Small) 200
Southern Canadaian Rockies/Columbia (Small) 165
Alaska (Big) 120
Scandinavia (Small) 110
Southern Norway 110
Sierra Nevada (Big) 94
Colorado 72
North Cascades-size ranges, compared at 25,000 km^2
Range Ruggedness (m)
Nepal Himalaya (Very small) 345
Karakoram (Very small) 335 (rough)
Southern BC Coast (Very small) 225 (rough)
Alps (Very small) 216
Southern Canadian Rockies/Columbia (very small) 175 (rough)
Alaska 150
North Cascades 140
Southern Norway 135
Chugach 140
Sierra Nevada 125
Colorado 84
Western Chugach-size ranges, compared at 12,500 km^2
Range Ruggedness (m)
Karakoram (Hunza Valley plus some extra) 380 (rough)
Alaska (Small) 190
North Cascades 164
Southern Norway (Small) 156
Western Chugach 152
Sierra Nevada 142
Colorado 95
Acknowledgements: Ruggedness is based on spire measure; see the main spire measure page for the relevant acknowledgements. Ruggedness itself was developed by David Metzler and Edward Earl. All ruggedness calculations on these pages are by David Metzler.
Questions and comments welcome:
metzler (at) aa (dot) edu


text:
Instructions for Curing Your Pizza Oven
Follow these instructions for curing your pizza oven. Curing wood fired ovens is critical to your pizza oven's performance. Failure to follow these instructions can result in damage up to and including cracking the dome, severely impacting heat retention.
NOTE: If you have a gas assist commercial oven, there are shortcuts to the curing process you can find in the Installation Manual. A Forno Bravo technician can be made available through our contact form to help walk you through some tricks to make this easier.
1-Why is proper curing so important?
When cast, your oven contains a high ratio of water to concrete that has to be baked out of the oven. This curing process actually strengthens the dome when done properly. However, if the oven gets too hot too fast, that water seeks to escape the entire dome's thickness simultaneously and can result in cracking the dome.
Also, after you have installed your oven, there is still a great deal of moisture in the mortars, hearth concrete, vermiculite, and the oven chamber and vent. Each of these oven components was recently produced using an air-drying, water-based process. Simply letting the oven stand for a week does not "cure" the moisture out of the oven.
2-Can I cure the oven dome without installing the insulation and decorative facade?
Technically you can, but it isn't recommended for a few reasons:
- Without insulation, you will experience heat loss making it more difficult to manage to proper temperatures;
- Without insulation, it can present a fire and safety hazard;
- After cure, your oven can reach temperatures in excess of 1000 deg F, so if you cure it, then do your stucco facade, the first time you cook pizza the stucco will also have water that tries to dry and cure causing it crack and possibly ruin your seal on the oven.
3-When can I start my curing process?
Before you start the curing process, let the complete oven sit for one week. It doesn't matter if it rained during that week, moisture often helps the natural strengthening of the refractory material.
If you purchased a fully assembled pizza oven from Forno Bravo, this doesn't apply as the assembly time in our facility is sufficient.
4-How do we cure the oven?
While it is difficult to maintain consistent, low-temperature fires, it is critical for proper curing that you do not go above these temperatures during the first two days.
It is important that you cure your pizza oven slowly over a 5 day period. You build a series of five increasingly larger fires, starting with a low temperature (see below). The first-day fire is no more than kindling and thin strips of wood.
Day 1: 300ºF for 6 hours (longer is better)
Start and maintain the fire in the center of the interior dome wall, not on either side or back of the oven. You don't want the fire to get too high and touch the dome as direct contact with the fire will spike temperatures.
You won't put the door all the way in the oven, but rather use it as a windbreak allowing about a 1-inch gap once the fire is lit. Lean the door back on its handle allowing the temperature gauge to get an accurate temperature. Also, this will help direct the smoke up the vent because at lower temperatures the wood will not burn off the impurities as fast.
Using the analog temperature gauge provided in the oven door/frame. The temperature gauge reads the oven's air temperature. For a more accurate temperature reading of the oven refractory surfaces, which can be use for many types of cooking, you can use the optional Digital Infrared Thermometer, which can be purchased in the Forno Bravo Store.
You want to measure the temperature at the dome of the oven, not the side wall or floor. This will be the hottest point of the oven. The temperature can vary slightly, but try not to exceed the temperature for that day's cure schedule by more than a few degrees, better to be 20 degrees cooler than hotter. Especially on day one and two.
Close the oven door every evening to preserve dryness and heat.
Day 2: Repeat process at 350ºF
Day 3. Repeat at 400ºF
Day 4. Repeat at 450ºF
Day 5. Repeat at 500ºF
- Use solid wood fuels only.
- DO NOT use charcoal, pressure treated lumber, chipped wood products, sappy wood such as pine, laminated wood or any material other than dry medium or hard firewood.
- DO NOT USE liquid fuel (firelighter fluid, gasoline, lantern oil, kerosene or similar liquids) to start or maintain a fire.
- You can start the fire with an acetylene torch if you have one handy.
- Food grade fire starters are considered acceptable aids when starting a fire.
- Do not use products not specified for use with this oven.
- Never use water to lower the temperature inside the oven, or to extinguish the fire. This will increase wear and tear on your oven and can lead to "spalling" pitting and cracking your floor tiles.
- There must be a period of time between completing the masonry work and beginning the actual firing cure.
- Longer is better than shorter, particularly for the actual dome cement.
- The cement and mortar must cure first and this process is actually improved by keeping the cement moist and not letting it dry out.
- Space heaters should not be used to cure an oven. It will produce a high amount of steam in the oven and can become a safety hazard so it is not recommended.
- If you notice a black smoke coming from the oven, don't panic, that is food grade grease which is used in the de-molding process. The smoke will be a little heavy for the first 2 days and will dissipate through the rest of the curing process.
Congratulations. Your oven is complete and ready for Cooking.


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Definition of vorticose
a. - Vortical; whirling; as, a vorticose motion. 2
The word "vorticose" uses 9 letters: C E I O O R S T V.
No direct anagrams for vorticose found in this word list.
Words formed by adding one letter before or after vorticose (in bold), or to ceioorstv in any order:
n - coinvestor
All words formed from vorticose by changing one letter
Browse words starting with vorticose by next letter


Angular2 is providing [attr.] to bind attribute values. Here it is
Markup :
Observe below code, role attribute was bound to roleVal
 This text color can be changed by class
Angular Component Code
Observe below functions addAttr, removeAttr, checkAttr
(function(app) {
 app.AppComponent = ng.core
 selector:'my-app',
 templateUrl: 'attr1_template.html'
 constructor: function() {
 this.roleVal = '';
 addAttr:function() {
 this.roleVal = 'admin';
 removeAttr:function() {
 this.roleVal = '';
 checkAttr:function() {
 document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
})( || ( = {}));
 2. I just tried to set and remove attributes with Assignment Writing Services and Angular2, and the result was exactly as you said. Thank you very much for writing this amazing post here.
 3. A systematic review aims to provide an in-depth prospectus of the applicable literature resources ( ) on your research topic. Find relevant studies, papers, and publications in the field, broaden the knowledge on your subject, get useful insights.
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TF Adaptive™ SystemEndodontic Shaping
NiTi Endo File System
TF Adaptive is the innovative endodontic file system brought to you by the inventor of the K-File, combining the intelligence of the Elements Motor with the flexibility of the NiTi Twisted Files.
- Better resistance to cyclic fatigue
- No need to switch between programmes
NiTi Twisted Files
- Better stress absorption
- Greater range of elasticity
- Reduced risk of file breakages
- Superior strength and higher durability
The elements 8:1 Handpiece
An elegant, 100% German made handpiece, featuring the reliability you expect, and the performance you demand.
- Operating speed up to 40,000 RPM
- Rust resistant stainless steel
- Smooth surface for easy cleaning
- Ball bearing design for maximum efficiency
- Smaller head for better visibility and posterior access
How does it work
Increase success with Endo, TF Adaptive canal shaping
- Slowly advance the GREEN file
- Apply single controlled motion
- Wait until the file engages with dentine
- Withdraw the file from the canal
- Repeat until the file reaches working length
Repeat the process with the YELLOW file and finally with the RED one.
How does it work
Improved debris removal
Less apical debris extruded with TF Adaptive vs wave one
Manual step-back technique extruded 207% more debris from the apex than TF Adaptive.
Wave One technique extruded 59% more debris from the apex than TF Adaptive.
*Jaramillo, D and Raydolfo, A (2013) Comparison of the Extrusion of Dentine Debris Using a New Instrumentation. Publication pending.
Fewer File Breakages
Successful endo through progressive canal negotiation
TF Adaptive helps clinicians avoid the risk of file fracture:
- Adaptive motion results in resistance to cyclic fatigue.
- Adaptive motion lessens the twisting stress on the file as well.
- TF Files' crystalline structure provide a greater range of elasticity.
- More resistance to fracture.
- Superior strength provides high durability.
Adaptation in Motion
Rotary when you want it. Reciprocation when you need it.
Start with green and stop with red
Intuitive colour-coded file identification. Colour-coded system designed for efficiency and ease of use.
Just like a traffic light...
TF Adaptive Technique
Leveraging the success of our clinically-proven Twisted File design: Rotary when you want it, Reciprocation when you need it.
Use the hand file to establish glide path and determine correct TFA file working sequence.
Why does it simplify the dental procedure?
The unique combination of NiTi Twisted Files and the Elements Motor's exclusive algorithm assures:
- Exceptional file control by switching between rotation and reciprocation as needed.
- Minimised risk of file fracture owing to a smooth
and continuous file surface.
- Using the system is as intuitive as driving!
How does it do this?
The Elements Motor Adaptive Motion Technology automatically adjusts its movement, reducing intracanal torsional forces depending on the amount of stress placed on the file.
The intuitive file identification works like a traffic light in determining the correct file working sequence: start with green and finish with red.


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If I keep a plastic mineral-water bottle topped up with tap water and regularly drink directly from it, the neck smells vile after a couple of weeks. Why is this and why is it always exactly the same smell?
- Our mouths are home to around 700 types of bacteria. As well as harmful organisms, which can cause tooth decay, gum disease and permanent bad breath, there are "good" bacteria, which promote oral health by stopping the harmful ones proliferating.
When you drink directly from a bottle, you leave some of your oral bacteria and saliva on its neck. The saliva contains food debris and dead cells on which oral bacteria can thrive. If you don't wash the neck after you have drunk from the bottle, the bacteria left on the plastic will break down nutrients in the debris and release the unpleasant stale smell your correspondent noticed. The smell...
To continue reading this article, subscribe to receive access to all of newscientist.com, including 20 years of archive content.


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Films > Empowerment
12 Cameras: Haitian Women Share their LivesAlessandra Villaamil
Filmmaker's website: _URL_
Film DescriptionThere are an estimated 80,000 Haitian migrants, mostly women and mostly undocumented, living and working in the Dominican Republic. These women are easy targets for trafficking and exploitation. They face the constant fear of arbitrary deportation. Their Dominican-born children are denied citizenship, legal identity, valid passports and are largely denigrated by Dominican society. The Haitian migrant women featured in the documentary were taught by industry professionals to use digital cameras and audio recorders to become efficient storytellers in their communities. The women produced 12 stories of hope and struggle, discrimination and poverty as they claim their children's rights to civil existence.
More in this Category


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DKIM "i=" vs "d=" and Reputation
This really should be part seven of a twelve part series or some such as it deals with an aspect of DKIM that's really important, but is way down in the details of implementation. (dkim.org is a reasonable place to start for a general overview of DKIM).
There's an apparently endless thread on the DKIM-SSP spec development mailing list at the moment about the differences between two fields in a DKIM signature that could be used to tie a senders reputation to. Several ESP delivery folks asked me to explain what everyone was talking about, and this post is a first cut at that.
"i=" vs "d="
There are two possible fields in a DKIM signature that could be used to identify the sender of a message, and so to tie a sender history and reputation record to. They are the so-called "i=" and "d=" field, from the syntax used to include them in the signature.
d= is the domain of the entity signing the message. It's the unique identifier for that signer.
As DKIM is domain based, it tells you only that the message was authorized by a given domain, it doesn't tell you who within that domain sent it. One obvious way of passing that information is to use subdomains (billing.example.com vs aardvark.example.com). Another would be to use something like a MySender header – say MySender: _EMAIL_ and have the DKIM signature authenticate that header. That way when you look at the email you see that it is signed by or on behalf of example.com, and that the sender (who is either example.com or somebody they have authorized to send mail on their behalf) is asserting that the author of the message is actually "_EMAIL_" rather than just somebody related to example.com.
The email address in that signed MySender header needn't be the same as any other header, so it may be different to the From, the Reply-To and everything else. It may not be visible to the final recipient at all.
The i= field is almost the same as that MySender header. It's an additional bit of data that the signer of the message (the domain in the d= tag) is asserting to be the identity of the sender of that message. There are a few trivial differences, but that's the gist of it.
Those trivial differences are…
- The domain part of the email address in the i= tag must be the same as or a subdomain of the domain in the d= tag.
- The DKIM public key record associated with a particular domain and selector may (and in practice, probably will if the sender uses i= at all) assert that the domain part of the email address in the i= field must exactly match the domain in the d= field. The value of this is unclear, but it might allow a DKIM verifier to avoid a fair bit of DNS work in some cases.
- The DKIM public key record associated with a particular domain and selector may (but in practice likely never will) assert that you should not consider the signature valid unless the local part of the i= field matches the (wildcarded) string in the g= field of the public key record. In practice I expect this to never be used.
So, summarized, if the d= field is d=example.com and the mail was sent by _EMAIL_ you'd expect the i= field to be one of two things "_EMAIL_" or "_EMAIL_".
"_USER_.com" just means that the person who sent the message is at example.com – in other words it says nothing that's not already said by the "d=example.com" field. In fact, if i= is omitted altogether, this is what you assume it's value is.
"_EMAIL_" means that example.com (or someone they've shared one of their private keys with) is asserting that the sender of the message is "_EMAIL_".
What are they for?
The intended use of i= is the corporate or ISP environment where you may want to DKIM sign mail from users, or allow users (or entire divisions or offices) to DKIM sign mail, but also provide some basic level of enforcement that marketing can't sign mails claiming to be from sales and vice-versa in a corporate environment.
In a consumer ISP environment, it would be possible for earthlink.net to create a DKIM private/public key pair and give the private key to _EMAIL_, to allow him to sign his own email with the d=earthlink.net domain, but require him to put "_EMAIL_" in each message, and have DKIM verifiers refuse to verify the message if he omits the i= field, or puts _EMAIL_ there instead.
I don't expect anyone to use i= much at all, and there's no obvious, sensible use case for it in the context of ESPs or other bulk senders at all. That doesn't mean that ESPs may not use it (to stash a unique customer identifier in, say) but there's no clear use case for recipients to pay much attention to it in reputation terms, so not much drives the ESP to make serious use of it.
If the message is signed by the ESP (d=esp.com) then the ESPs reputation is the one that'll be used to judge the message. If the message is signed by (or, more likely, on behalf of) the customer (d=bricknmortar.com) then the reputation of the customer is the one that'll be used. Even if, in the former case, the message is signed with "_EMAIL_ d=esp.com" I'd be amazed if any mechanical reputation system treated that particularly differently to just "d=esp.com". That all may change as DKIM gets more widely deployed and people get more comfortable with the semantics, but I think it can safely be ignored for the next year or two.
I expect most smarter ESP customers to push for using their own domain for signing, probably by delegating a subdomain to the ESP, rather than signing with the ESPs domain. This gives them the advantage of their own reputation, mostly unaffected by the reputations of other customers of the ESP and which can be transferred from one ESP to another.
I'm not sure which approach the ESPs will push their customers to use, as there are conflicting business pressures. A reputation tied to the customer rather than the ESP reduces the impact of customers reputations on each other – similar to the advantages of one IP to a customer, but more so. But it also makes it easier for a customer to take their business elsewhere without sacrificing the reputation they've built.


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have on(redirected from have someone on)
1. have something on. See have nothing on, def. 3.
2. have someone on; put someone on. Deceive or fool someone, as in There was no answer when I called; someone must be having me on, or You can't mean you're taking up ballet-you're putting me on! [Colloquial; mid-1800s]
1. To be wearing something: The dancers had on red shoes. The snowman had a scarf on.
2. To carry something on one's person: Do you have a toothpick on you?
3. To have something scheduled: We have a dinner party on for Friday. Do you have anything on for next weekend?
4. To possess information, usually damaging, about someone or something: Don't worry—the investigators have nothing on you. Anything they have on us won't hold up in court.
5. To tease or mislead by suggesting something is true: Did you really have dinner with the president, or are you just having me on?


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An invisible wall of force appears at a point you specify within casting distance. The direction of this wall of force is up to you: you can make the wall horizontally or vertically bounded, or you can make it incline at an angle. It can float in the air or stand on the ground.
Wall of Force 5e
Casting Time: 1 Action
Range: 120 feet
Components: V, S, M
Duration: Concentration, up to 10 minutes
It can be shaped as a hemisphere or a sphere (with a radius of up to 10 feet), or as a plane of ten 10 ft x 10 ft square plates, each of which must be connected to at least one other plate.
Regardless of the shape, the force field wall is always ¼ inch thick. The force field wall will persist until the spell ends. If the force wall forms through a space occupied by a creature, that creature is pushed to one side of the force wall (it is up to you to decide which side to push to).
Nothing can physically pass through a wall of force. A Wall of Force is immune to all damage and cannot be undone by dispel magic, but the spell disintegrate can cause it to be destroyed immediately. Walls of force can extend into the Etheric plane, and thus can block travel into the Etheric plane through walls.


Responsive and productive
Besides gestures and smart tools, MyScript Interactive Ink proposes you responsive and productive tools.
MyScript Interactive Ink enables interactive content, either handwritten or typeset, to reflow and tune to the view size.
Changing your device orientation or switching device triggers this reflow. MyScript Interactive Ink might modify block dimensions or update ink size and arrangement when necessary.
Digital content ready to use in your digital workflow
In addition, you can create a full ready-to-use digital document from your ink, empowering your productivity. MyScript Interactive Ink lets you structure your content in several areas. Each one has a specific and dedicated purpose: Text, Math, Diagram, Raw content or Drawing.
So, MyScript Interactive Ink offers you a container hosting a collection of items as a dynamic and responsive stream of contents.
Furthermore, you can manipulate each of them using touch gestures. You can move and resize blocks, making the formating an easy task.
Once you have finished your editing, you can export your content in a format compatible with your digital workflow such as docx or html. MyScript Interactive Ink thus makes your ink immediatly available for reuse into your digital workflow.


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How to warm up your singing voice
9 Best Vocal Warm-Ups for Singers
Professional singers know how physically demanding singing can be. It takes a lot of stamina and energy to sing onstage and bring the venue to life. That's why singing, like any other physical activity, should involve a warm-up, as well as a vocal cool-down. At School of Rock, we make these vocal warm-ups a ritual, whether it's to prepare for a singing lesson or a show rehearsal. These quick singing warm-ups can be done in just 10 to 20 minutes, and they should become an integral part of any successful practice routine.
Why do you need to warm up your voice?
We warm up our voices so we can keep them healthy, sound our best and protect against damage. Warming up your voice will allow you to sing better and extend your range comfortably. It is absolutely necessary to always warm up before singing.
9 best vocal warm-ups for singers
There are many simple vocal exercises you can use to warm up your voice, so you have a lot of options when it comes to deciding how to warm up your voice. Fortunately, School of Rock can help you narrow them down. Here are nine of the best vocal warm-ups used by our vocal instructors.
9 best vocal warm ups from School of Rock
1. Yawn-sigh Technique
For this quick vocal exercise, simply yawn (take in air) with your mouth closed. Then, exhale through your nose as if you are sighing. This will help relax your voice and improve its range.
2. Humming warm-upS
Humming is one of the best vocal warm-ups because it doesn't put a lot of strain on your vocal cords. Place the tip of your tongue behind your bottom front teeth and hum up and down the major scale while keeping your mouth closed. Each note should sound like "hmmm" — including the "h" sound is less taxing on your voice.
3. Vocal Straw Exercise
To perform the vocal straw exercise (also known as straw phonation), take a straw and hum through it. Start at the bottom of your range and slide up to the top slowly and evenly. Then, hum your favorite song through the straw. You can also place the straw in a partially full glass of liquid and blow controlled bubbles in the glass.
4. Lip buzz Vocal warm-up
As far as vocal warm-ups go, lip buzz (or lip trill, as it is sometimes called) is very simple. The goal is to make a motorboat sound by making your lips vibrate as you blow air through your mouth and nose. You can incorporate pitch slides as well.
5. Tongue trill exercise
The tongue trill vocal exercise is difficult for some singers. It involves curling your tongue and rolling your R's as you go through your range from low to high.
6. Jaw Loosening ExerciseS
When singing, you want to drop your jaw lower than when you are just talking. With your finger, trace back along your jawline from your chin to your ear. That curved space between your jaw and your ear is where you want to drop your jaw.
Pretend you are yawning with your mouth closed and feel where your jaw drops. Avoid just dropping your chin.
7. Two-octave pitch glide Warm-Up
For this easy vocal warm-up, make an "eeee" or "ohhhh" sound and gradually glide through the chromatic notes of a two-octave range. Glide up and then back down. This will transition from your chest voice to your head voice.
8. Vocal Sirens Exercise
Much like the pitch glide, the siren exercise takes an "oooo" sound and gradually goes from the lowest note of your range to the highest and back down, like a siren for an emergency vehicle. The sound is continuous and covers the tones between the notes.
9. Vocal Slides Technique
This technique is also known as a portamento, which is Italian for "the act of carrying." Much like the siren exercise, you slide from one note to the next in your range, but you don't sing the in-between notes.
Now that you've mastered a few vocal warm-ups and exercises, always remember to maintain good posture and use proper breathing techniques. Two common breathing techniques are singing from your diaphragm and exhaling on a hiss. Keep reading to learn how you can perform these to improve your singing.
1. Sing from Your Diaphragm
When singing, it is vitally important to use proper breathing techniques to avoid hurting your voice. It is most common to breathe from the chest during everyday activities, including speaking, but singing requires breathing from the diaphragm. Proper breathing gives your voice more power, more control and a fuller, more expressive tone. Sing from your diaphragm to avoid straining your voice. Your body should be relaxed and balanced, with your weight slightly forward.
What is your diaphragm?
The diaphragm is a muscle between your chest and your belly that governs how much air you inhale and exhale when you breathe. "Singing from your diaphragm" is a phrase for this important breathing technique, which describes the proper way to breathe in and out while singing.
How to sing with your diaphragm
The sound of your voice doesn't actually come from your diaphragm, of course — sound is generated by vibrations of your vocal cords. The vibrations are caused by air being pushed out of your lungs. Your diaphragm is what controls the pushing and is responsible for putting power behind your voice.
2. Exhale on a hiss
A hissing breath exercise is a great way to start when learning how to warm up your voice before singing. This technique forces vocalists to sing from their diaphragms and improves breath control.
To master the exhale on a hiss breathing technique, it's important to:
 1. Stand up straight and relax your body. This will also relax your diaphragm and release any tension that could prevent you from singing incorrectly.
 2. Breathe in through your mouth and count to five. As you breathe, bring the air deep into your lungs. A "singer's breath" should not make your chest puff out or your shoulders rise — instead, your belly should expand outward.
 3. Exhale and count to nine. While exhaling, make a hissing noise that sounds like the first letter of the word "sizzle." By the time you are done counting, all the air should be expelled from your lungs.
Once you build more lung capacity and get comfortable with this exercise, you can breathe in for a seven count and exhale for a 12 count.
Now that you've warmed up your voice and know how to breathe from your diaphragm and exhale on a hiss, you're ready to sing.
How to cool down your voice after singing
After vocal warm-ups and singing, it is essential that you also cool down your voice. You can use the same vocal exercises you used during your warm-up, starting with the most intense and working down to the least intense. Simply using the humming vocal exercise will also allow your voice to cool down and relax. Following these tips will keep your voice strong and allow you to perform at your best.
Vocal warm-ups are a critical part of any singer's practice and performance routine. These quick and easy vocal warm-ups will refine your technique, build your vocal power and control, and help expand your vocal range.
At School of Rock, our trained vocal instructors teach students all aspects of singing, including warm-ups and other vocal techniques that thousands of professional singers use every day to keep their voices in shape and sounding their best. Ready to start singing? Sign up for a singing lesson now, or read more about our perforamnce-based music programs.
Check out other School of Rock Resources


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On this page:
Definition of the noun Aesopus xenicus
What does Aesopus xenicus mean as a name of something?
Aesopus xenicus is a species of Aesopus, described by Pilsbry & Lowe in 1932.
- synonym: species Aesopus xenicus
- kingdom: Animalia
- phylum: Mollusca
- class: Gastropoda
- order: Neogastropoda
- family: Columbellidae
- genus: Aesopus
Online dictionaries and encyclopedias with entries for Aesopus xenicus
Click on a label to prioritize search results according to that topic:
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Go to the thesaurus of Aesopus xenicus to find many related words and phrases!


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Weakly non-linear waves in a tapered elastic tube filled with an inviscid fluid
MetadataShow full item record
In the present work, treating the artery as a tapered, thin walled, long and circularly conical prestressed elastic tube and using the longwave approximation, we have studied the propagation of weakly non-linear waves in such a fluid-filled elastic tube by employing the reductive perturbation method. By considering the blood as an incompressible inviscid fluid, the evolution equation is obtained as the Korteweg-de Vries equation with a variable coefficient. It is shown that this type of equation admits a solitary wave-type solution with variable wave speed. It is observed that, the wave speed decreases with distance for positive tapering while it increases for negative tapering. It is further observed that, the progressive wave profile for expanding tubes (a > 0) becomes more steepened whereas for narrowing tubes (a < 0) it becomes more flattened.


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Error when Instantiating Phase in Unit
I'm trying to add a phase to a batch unit. The phase was copied from an existing phase which has already been instantiated and downloaded without any issues. I changed the name of the new phase and the short name. However when I try to instantiate the phase in the Unit I get the following error:
"Only formal instance objects are allowed as children".
I have checked the phase for errors and consistency without any issues being highlighted.
Any help would be much appreciated.
System 800xA SV5.1 FP4 RevD
Voted best answer
As a general principle, if the phase you "copied" is the same as the original, then you really should be using the original, not a copy. If the phases are very similar, then it may be worth writing the phase in such a way it can be used in both units.
Anyway, I assume you've modified the code. It sounds like something odd happened when you originally copied the phase. The "formal instance" implies an issue with the way your phase has been created in the object type structure. ( formal instance definitions are used by the 800xA system to describe how library objects should be instatiated in other structures) Did you paste the copy into the same library or a new library? Where is the unit that are you trying to instantiate the phase into - Object Type structure or Control structure? (The short name is related to how OPC paths are set up by the batch server and should not be related to instantiating the phase )
Can you post some screen shots of your object type structure and control structure as well as the exact message you are getting?


American English
Definition of pull-down adjective from the Oxford Advanced American Dictionary
 jump to other results
 1. 1designed to be used by being pulled down a pull-down bed
 2. 2 pull-down menu (computing) a list of possible choices that appears on a computer screen below a menu title
See the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary entry: pull-down


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Home / Kid's Yoga Lesson Plans / Outer Space Adventure Based Yoga Lesson Plan Outer Space Adventure Based Yoga Lesson Plan$7.00 Kids Yoga Adventure Story lesson plan for an Outer Space exploration! Pretend to go on an adventure that is outof- thisworld and filled with movement and fun. A fully scripted yoga lesson plan in digital PDF format for kids that includes: 20 full-sized yoga poses and descriptions Introduction Warm-up activity Breathing/mindfulness activity Opening questions and facts Fully scripted adventure story with how to do each pose Visual sequence of the poses in order Guided meditation Art activity Teaching tips Everything you need to teach a 30-60 min kids yoga lesson to children ages 5-13! A fun way to learn about or expand your knowledge on outer space and the solar system through movement, mindfulness, and fun! Outer Space Adventure Based Yoga Lesson Plan quantity — OR — Add to cart Category: Kid's Yoga Lesson Plans Description Reviews (0) Description Are you teaching your students about the solar system or outer space? Would you like to learn a little about outer space with your kiddos while practicing movement, yoga, and mindfulness? Check out this fun adventure story lesson plan that goes out of this world to learn about the solar system! Use this lesson plan at a school, library, studio, at home, or in any setting where you work with kids. This is a full kids yoga lesson plan, recommended for ages 5-13. It is good for such a wide range of kids because there are lots of question prompts of varying levels and tons of material that you can add or omit depending on the age of kids. The lesson can last from 20-60 minutes, or more, depending on how much you choose to include. The Outer Space Adventure themed kids yoga lesson has a greeting, introduction, breathing/mindfulness activity, warm-up activity, game, scripted story of the adventure with yoga poses woven in, images of the kids yoga poses, guided meditation in resting pose, plus an optional craft activities at the end! Everything is written out in easy-to-read language for teaching kids of any age. Your downloadable lesson comes with 20 yoga poses within the lesson plan, AND in full-size printable format, plus pose descriptions. The entire document is 40 printable pages. This is a digital download in PDF format; please make sure you have the software to use this product. You will NOT receive a physical copy in the mail. Reviews There are no reviews yet. Be the first to review "Outer Space Adventure Based Yoga Lesson Plan" Cancel replyYour rating * Rate… Perfect Good Average Not that bad Very poor Your review *Name * Email * Δ This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed. Related products Kids Yoga Lesson Plan – My Many Colored Days0 out of 5 $7.00 Add to cart Kids Yoga Lesson Plan – The Giving Tree0 out of 5 $7.00 Add to cart Kids Yoga Lesson Plan – The Great Kapok Tree0 out of 5 $7.00 Add to cart Kids Yoga Lesson Plan–Journey by Aaron Becker0 out of 5 $7.00 Add to cart
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