text: [en] Bifidobacteria are normal intestinal flora in humans and animals. The genus Bifidobacterium includes 31 species of significant host specificity. Taking into account their properties, we proposed to use bifidobacteria as fecal contamination indicators. PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism on the 16S rDNA gene was used to distinguish the different Bifidobacterium species. Sixty-four strains belonging to 13 different species were differentiated from animal or human origin using one or two restriction enzymes. Moreover, the primers used were specifics of the Bifidobacterium genus. Therefore, this method made it possible to determine both the presence of bifidobacteria in a sample and its origin of contamination.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Classicly, for a spin Riemannian manifold $M$, the $\hat{A}(M)$ genus will be $0$, if the scalar curvature is positive.
The proof is to use the Lichnerowicz formula. we have the index of the Dirac operator will be $0$, i.e., $$Ind(D_+)=0.$$ On the other hand, by the index theorem of Atiyah and Singer, we have $$Ind(D_+)=\hat{A}(M).$$ So we get $$\hat{A}(M)=0.$$
My question is "Can we have a different method to proof this result? without using the Lichnerowicz formula or without using the index theorem" Maybe a formal proof or explanation.
share|improve this question
Do you mean without use of the Lichnerowicz formula and without use of the index theorem? Or do you mean without use of the Lichnerowicz formula but with use of the index theorem? – Kelly Davis Sep 28 '11 at 12:05
Schoen and Yau dealt with positive scalar curvature obstructions using variational methods, but I don't think they identified the $\hat{A}$-genus explicitly. The problem is, as far as I know, the $\hat{A}$-genus doesn't have a geometric interpretation other than that it is the index class for the Dirac operator. – Paul Siegel Sep 28 '11 at 13:34
Hi, Kelly Davis. I want to say "without using of the Lichnerowicz formula or without using of the index theorem". – shu Sep 28 '11 at 14:07
I'm agree with Paul Siegel. One of the motivation to pose this question is that I want to understand the $\hat{A}$ genus by some geometric methods – shu Sep 28 '11 at 14:11
I would guess the answer would go something like: write the $\hat{A}$ genus in terms of the curvature two-form, then use a diagonalization of the curvature two-form, positivity of the scalar curvature, and the fact that $\hat{A}$ is an integer, i.e. $M$ is spin, to prove that the only integer $\hat{A}(M)$ can be is $0$. Admittedly, I have not thought about the last steps in detail, but with all the factors of 1/24 and 1/5760 and...in the $\hat{A}$ genus I'd guess it'll work. – Kelly Davis Sep 28 '11 at 15:26
1 Answer 1
up vote 16 down vote accepted
After thinking about this question for two hours, my belief is strengthened that there cannot be a proof of the vanishing of the A-genus for spin manifolds with positive scalar curvature without using both the index theorem for the Dirac operator and the Lichnerowicz formula (or other analytic techniques). In the comments to the question, a proof using the integrality of the $\hat{A}$-genus and Chern-Weil theory has been suggested. I wish to argue that there is absolute no reason to believe such a proof might work out.
\textbf{Objections to the use of the integrality theorem.} The manifold $CP^2$ has positive scalar curvature and $\hat{A}$-genus $1 /16$. It is of course not spin. Take the connected sum of 16 copies of $CP^2$ and call it $M$. The $\hat{A}$-genus of $M$ is $1$; $M$ is still not spin. The famous surgery lemma by Gromov and Lawson implies that $M$ has a metric of positive scalar curvature, because $M$ is obtained from the manifold $\coprod_{16} CP^2$ by a sequence of surgeries of codimension $4 \geq 3$. So there are connected pscm manifolds with integral but nonzero $\hat{A}$-genus. More generally, it can be shown that any simply connected, high-dimensional, oriented and non-spin manifold admits a metric of positive scalar curvature. This also goes back to Gromov and Lawson, and Sven F\"uhring worked out the details in his thesis:
This result shows that the integrality of the $\hat{A}$-genus has nothing to do with positive scalar curvature and that the spin hypothesis has to be used in a more subtle way.
\textbf{Objections to the use of Chern-Weil theory:} At a first glance, it seems tempting to use Chern-Weil theory for such questions, because it expresses characteristic classes in terms of curvature. Moreover, a conceptual proof of the Gauss-Bonnet theorem can be given with help of this theory. But an examination of the argument quickly shows that this is a lucky accident. The first accident is that the Euler class has a direct geometric-topological meaning, which allows to relate it to another topological invariant (the Euler number), while the complicated rational polynomial in the Pontrjagin classes has no such meaning (Paul Siegel alluded to this point in his comment).
The second accident is that the integrand of the Gauss-Bonnet-Chern theorem only depends on the curvature tensor and not on the metric itself (though to define the integrand, one needs to know that the connection preserves \emph{some} metric).
The problem with scalar curvature is that it depends on both, the connection and the metric, while the Chern-Weil forms only depend on the connection and not on the metric.
Of course there is a universal formula for the $\hat{A}$-form of any Riemann manifold $(M,g)$ of the form $\hat{A} = f(jet^2 g) \cdot vol_g$, where $f$ is an algebraic function of the $2$-jet of the metric. I have not worked out the concrete formula for $f$; for $4$-dimensional manifolds, this should not be too complicated and might be a worthy exercise. I predict that you won't find a formula for $f$ that depends on the scalar curvature in a controllable way. Another remark is that if such a formula gives a result for positive scalar curvature, it should give a result for negative scalar curvature as well. On the other hand, any manifold of large dimension has a metric of negative scalar curvature (Lohkamp).
The conclusion I draw is that Chern-Weil theory is insensitive to the sign of scalar curvature. The next problem is that Chern-Weil theory is insensitive to the spin condition as well: the map $Sym^{\ast} (\mathfrak{so}_n)^{SO(n)}\to Sym^{\ast} (\mathfrak{spin}_n)^{Spin(n)}$ on the space of invariant polynomials is an isomorphism. In other words, the spin condition does not yield any relation between Chern-Weil classes. The integrality of the $\hat{A}$-genus cannot be obtained by a local consideration; this would equate it to another manifestly integral class, which is not the case.
The view that positivity should enter the proof in a more global way is furthermore supported by Gromov's h-principle, a special case of which states that any open manifold (no compact component) has a metric of positive scalar curvature. This implies that any obstruction to positive scalar curvature has to arise in an essential global way.
My conclusion of the above discussion is that the integrality result forgets the relevant information from the spin condition and that Chern-Weil theory is not the correct recipient for the information coming from the positivity of the curvature. Philosophically, integrality is too global to capture the spin condition and Chern-Weil theory is too local to capture the sign of the curvature.
It is a pity that Misha Gromov is not active on this site.....
EDIT: here is an example which shows that any hope to use Chern-Weil theory to obtain information on scalar curvature is in vain.
Fact 1: Let $\nabla_g$ be the Levi-civita connection of the Riemann manifold $(M,g)$, then for all $c>0$, $\nabla_{cg} = \nabla_g$. Fact 2: the scalar curvature of $(M,cg)$ is $c^{-1} scal_g$. Fact 3: the scalar curvature of a product is the sum of the scalar curvature.
Now take $S^2$, $g_0$ the standard metric with $scal_{g_0}=1$; $F$ a genus $\geq 2$ surface with metric $g_1$ and $scal_{g_1}=-1$. Then the product $M=S^2 \times F$ with product metric $(c_0 g_0 )\times (c_1 g_1)$ has scalar curvature $c_{0}^{-1} - c_{1}^{-1}$. Suitable choices of $c_i$ yield any real value for the scalar curvature. But by fact 1, the Levi-Civitta connection and hence the Chern-Weil invariants do not depend on $c_i$.
share|improve this answer
There are even more dramatic statements which demonstrate that the vanishing of the $\hat{A}$ genus due to positive scalar curvature could not possibly be explained locally. Suppose that $M$ is a manifold which is quasi-isometric to $\mathbb{R


What is DCDC?
DCDC stands for Dunlap Community Development Corporation. It was formed in 1991 as a 501(c)(6) organization with the purpose of enhancing the economic environment of Dunlap and improving the quality of life for its citizens. DCDC also works with local government and other institutions in DUnlap to support the development of the Dunlap community in order to sustain and expand business endeavors.
How does DCDC accomplish this?
By being actively involved in the development of Dunlap's current and historical aspects through the use of four committees: Design, Economic Restructuring, Organization, and Promotion.


text:
This reconstruction shows how the Ivory Bangle Lady may have looked
Archaeologists have revealed the remains of what they say was a "high status" woman of African origin who lived in York during Roman times.
Academics say the discovery goes against the common assumption that all Africans in Roman Britain were low status male slaves.
Remains of the Ivory Bangle Lady, as she has been named, were studied in Reading using forensic techniques.
She was first discovered in the Bootham area of York in August 1901.
Her remains were in a stone coffin near Sycamore Terrace in the city.
Her grave dates back to the second half of the 4th Century. She was buried with items including jet and elephant ivory bracelets, earrings, beads and a blue glass jug.
She also had a rectangular piece of bone, which is thought to have originally been mounted in a wooden box, which was carved to read, "Hail, sister, may you live in God'.
Bracelets of ivory and jet were among the woman's grave goods
The grave goods and skeletal remains of the Ivory Bangle Lady were studied by the archaeology department of the University of Reading.
The university's Dr Hella Eckardt said a study of the skull's size and facial features along with analysis of the chemical signature of the food and drink she had consumed led to their conclusion that she was of high status and of African origin.
Dr Eckardt said: "Multi-cultural Britain is not just a phenomenon of more modern times.
"Analysis of the 'Ivory Bangle Lady' and others like her, contradicts common popular assumptions about the make up of Roman-British populations as well as the view that African immigrants in Roman Britain were of low status, male and likely to have been slaves."
The Ivory Bangle Lady will feature in an exhibition about the diversity of the population of Roman York at the Yorkshire Museum in August.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


How to Line a Pan
This time-saving trick comes in handy when you're making brownies or fudge.
Lining a Baking Pan with Foil
This method of keeping things from sticking to the pan is used most often for brownies, bar cookies, and fudge. The additional advantage of this method is that it allows you to easily lift the bars out of the pan before cutting them.
Lining pan with foil
 1. Tear a piece of foil that is larger than the pan. Shape the foil over the outside of the pan bottom. Cut slits at the corners to make it fit neatly.
 2. Gently lift the shaped foil off the pan.
 3. Turn the pan over and fit the shaped foil into it. Leave an inch or two of overhang to use as "handles" to lift the baked goods out of the pan.


text:
LABC Meaning - What does LABC mean?
LABC meaning is Lake Avenue Baptist Church and other full form of LABC definition take part in below table. There are 2 different meaning of LABC acronym in the table which are compilation of LABC abbreviation such as Religion, Breast etc. terminologies. Unless you can not find the meaning of LABC acronym which you look for in 2 different LABC meaning table, please search again as using question model like "What does LABC mean?, LABC meaning" or you can search by typing only LABC abbreviation in the search box.
Meaning of LABC acronyms are registered in different terminologies. Especially, if you wonder, all meanings belonging to LABC acronyms under a terminology, click related terminology button at the right side(bottom for mobile phones) and reach LABC meanings which recorded to only that terminology.
- Lake Avenue Baptist Church Religion
- Locally Advancing Breast Cancer Breast
Please also find LABC meaning in other sources.
What does LABC stand for?
We have compiled queries on search engines about LABC acronym and we gave place them in our website by selecting the most frequently asked questions. We think you asked a similar question to the search engine to find meaning of the LABC abbreviation and we are sure the following list will take your attention.
What does LABC meaning stand for?LABC meaning stands for Locally Advancing Breast Cancer.
What is the meaning of LABC abbreviation?The meaning of LABC abbreviation is "Lake Avenue Baptist Church".
What is LABC definition?LABC definition is "Locally Advancing Breast Cancer".
What does LABC mean?LABC mean that "Locally Advancing Breast Cancer".
What is LABC acronym?LABC acronym is "Lake Avenue Baptist Church".
What is shorthand of Locally Advancing Breast Cancer?The shorthand of "Locally Advancing Breast Cancer" is LABC.
What is the definition of LABC acronym?Definitions of LABC shorthand is "Locally Advancing Breast Cancer".
What is the full form of LABC abbreviation?Full form of LABC abbreviation is "Locally Advancing Breast Cancer".
What is the full meaning of LABC?Full meaning of LABC is "Lake Avenue Baptist Church".
What is the explanation for LABC?Explanation for LABC is "Locally Advancing Breast Cancer".
What is the meaning of LABC Abbreviation in Astrology?
We did not give any place only meanings of LABC definitions. Yes, we know that your main purpose is the explanation of LABC abbreviation. However, we thought, you can consider the astrological information of LABC acronym in Astrology. Therefore, astrologic description of each word are available at the bottom.
LABC Abbreviation in Astrology
- LABC (letter L)
The letter L people who keeps Venus's love, are sensitive and harmonious like an artist. They express themselves very well. It is important for them to socialize. They like presence in crowded places and also they like to show themselves.
Their humanitarian side always with them. They stand against injustice. They are romantic as they are in love with love. They can make clumsiness. Unforeseen accidents always find them.
- LABC (letter A)
- LABC (letter B)
Sensitive, fragile and withdrawn. When it is located as first letter in the name, it gives its all power to other letters. People whose their names start with B have strong intuition. Peace and consensus are only purpose for them. They want peace where they are stay on. These people are friendly, loving domestic life, sempatic and also laggard. However, what they do is reliable and robust.
People who has B as last letter in their names, finish their works late. But, they usually do the best. They are fond of beauties and being loved.
- LABC (letter C)
Have a finger in every pie, Low concentration, diffident, vivacious and cheerful people. People whose their names start with C are creative, amusing and have strong communication skills. Especially, their hand skills are improved.
C resembles semicircle and these people feel themselves deficient. Change is inevitable for them. Being impatient is their most insufficiency for them. People who has C as last letter in their names are slog on what they do since they get bored quickly. Not to finish a job is so common.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Something hard to break - Crossword Clue
Below are possible answers for the crossword clue Something hard to break.
5 letter answer(s) to something hard to break
 2. excessive use of drugs
 3. a distinctive attire worn by a member of a religious order
 4. put a habit on
 5. attire that is typically worn by a horseback rider (especially a woman's attire)
Other crossword clues with similar answers to 'Something hard to break'
Still struggling to solve the crossword clue 'Something hard to break'?
If you're still haven't solved the crossword clue Something hard to break then why not search our database by the letters you have already!


Sun Java System Messaging Server 6.3 Administration Guide To Set a Grace Period
The grace period specifies how long the mailbox can be over the quota (disk space or number of messages) before messages are bounced back to sender. The grace period is not how long the message is held in the message queue, it's how long the mailbox is over quota before all incoming messages, including those in the message queue, are bounced. (see 20.1 Overview for more details.) The grace period starts when the user has reached the quota threshold and been warned. See To Setup Quota Notification.
To specify a quota grace period at the command line:
configutil -o store.quotagraceperiod -v number
where number indicates number of hours.


text:
The California FreshWorks program, a $273M healthy food financing initiative launched by a coalition of public and private partners led by the California Endowment, engaged Pacific Community Ventures, the Sarah Samuels Center, and other researchers to evaluate the health, social, and economic impact of FreshWorks.
Pacific Community Ventures and the research team conducted interviews with FreshWorks investors, key partners, and other stakeholders to document the development and implementation of FreshWorks, identify the types of impact the program was seeking to support, and explore key challenges and opportunities to improve FreshWorks.
Pacific Community Ventures and the research team developed a comprehensive evaluation approach that included a robust set of metrics and processes for assessing FreshWorks' impact that provided insights into the extent to which FreshWorks was providing fresh food access and driving positive social and economic outcomes within underserved communities.
Pacific Community Ventures and the research team published three public reports documenting the impact of the FreshWorks program and its development and implementation. These Include:
- California FreshWorks: A Case Study Examining the Development and Implementation of FreshWorks
- The Social and Economic Impacts of FreshWorks
- California FreshWorks Food Access Report
The FreshWorks team has conducted a statewide market analysis and capital needs study to address the evaluation's recommendations for improving FreshWorks, and to develop a business plan that evolves FreshWorks into a statewide, multi-lender platform for investment in healthy food projects across California.


text:
INTRODUCTION: Borderline personality traits (BPT), which have a negative effect on the prognosis in substance use disorder (SUD), may increase the frequency of self-harming behavior (SHB) and suicidal behavior (SB). A determination of BPT may be a protective measure against SHB and SB. The objective of this study was to analyze the predictive role of BPT on SHB and SB in individuals diagnosed with SUD. The participants' sociodemographic data were also analyzed for contribution to the context.
METHODS: This cross-sectional research was conducted with inpatients at a single, private hospital psychiatric ward who had been diagnosed with SUD (n=122). The data were collected using the Borderline Personality Inventory, the Inventory of Statements About Self-Injury, and the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire.
RESULTS: The results demonstrated a predictive role of BPT and gender on SHB in individuals diagnosed with SUD. BPT, socioeconomic status, and education were found to be predictors of SB in individuals diagnosed with SUD.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The results of the research demonstrated that the risk evaluation of SHB and SB in SUD is highly significant. BPT must be handled independently from substance abuse with the appropriate psychological interventions. The findings also indicated that the education and socioeconomic level of the patient were significant factors and that psychosocial support is essential for this high-risk group. Additional research could provide valuable information that would enable more efficient, targeted treatment strategies.


Association of British Scrabble Players
Being Doing Feeling > Motion > Roaming
beachcomb to wander along a beach looking for useful objects.
bogtrotting the practice of wandering round bogs, ascribed to Irishmen.
divagate to wander or stray from a course or subject.
divagation a wandering about or going astray; digression.
errant wandering (noun) a knight errant, a person who is errant
errantly (Adv.) ERRANT, wandering.
errantry roaming around, looking for adventure.
evagation wandering; digression.
extravagate (Arch.) to wander; to exceed reasonable limits.
extravagation the act of extravagating, wandering.
fegary vagary, wandering.
forwander (Arch.) to wander away; to go astray.
gad to wander about idly.
galavant to roam about for pleasure without any definite plan.
galivant to roam about for pleasure without any definite plan.
gallivant to roam about for pleasure without any definite plan.
gander a male goose; (verb) to wander.
itineracy making journeys from place to place.
itinerancy making journeys from place to place.
itinerate to wander without a settled habitation; to travel from place or on a circuit, particularly for the purpose of preaching, lecturing, etc.
locomote to move from place to place.
locomotion an act or the power of moving from place to place.
locomotory relating to locomotion.
noctivagant wandering in the night; (noun) someone who wanders in the night.
noctivagation wandering around at night.
odyssean of or like an odyssey, a long wandering journey.
odyssey (Greek) a long wandering usually marked by many changes of fortune.
peregrinate to wander through.
peregrinator someone who travels about.
peregrinatory of or relating to a peregrinator; wandering.
ramble to wander.
rambler one that rambles.
ratch a ratchet; (verb) to wander, prowl.
raunge (Obs.) to range.
roam to move about without purpose or plan.
roamer one who roams; a wanderer.
rove to roam.
rover one that roves.
rovingly (Adv.) ROVING, wandering.
solivagant wandering alone; (noun) one who wanders alone.
stravage to wander about idly.
stravaig (Scots) to wander aimlessly.
stravaiger (Scots) a wanderer, idler.
strayve (Dial.) to wander aimlessly.
stroam to wander about idly and vacantly.
taiver (Scots) to wander, to rave.
taver (Scots) to wander, rave.
unwandering not wandering.
wander to move about with no destination or purpose.
wanderer one who wanders.
wanderingly (Adv.) WANDERING.


Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift, 2016
For zeotropic mixtures, the temperature varies during phase change, which is opposed to the isothermal phase change of pure fluids. The use of such mixtures as working fluids in organic Rankine cycle power plants enables a minimization of the mean temperature difference of the heat exchangers, which is beneficial for cycle performance. On the other hand, larger heat transfer surface areas are typically required for evaporation and condensation when zeotropic mixtures are used as working fluids. In order to assess the feasibility of using zeotropic mixtures, it is, therefore, important to consider the additional costs of the heat exchangers. In this study, we aim at evaluating the economic feasibility of zeotropic mixtures compared to pure fluids. We carry out a multi-objective optimization of the net power output and the component costs for organic Rankine cycle power plants using low-temperature heat at 90 ◦C to produce electrical power at around 500 kW. The primary outcomes of the study are Pareto fronts, illustrating the power/cost relations for R32, R134a and R32/R134a (0.65/0.35mole). The results indicate that R32/R134a is the best of these fluids, with 3.4 % higher net power than R32 at the same total cost of 1200 k$.
Jesper Graa Andreasen
Martin Ryhl Kærn
L. Pierobon
Ulrik Larsen
Chalmers, Sjöfart och marin teknik, Maritim miljövetenskap
Fredrik Haglind
_PHONE_ (ISSN)
Vol. 9 322
Hållbar utveckling
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verb blan·dish \ˈblan-dish\
Definition of blandish
 1. transitive verb
 2. : to coax with flattery : cajole
 3. intransitive verb
 4. : to act or speak in a flattering or coaxing manner
blandish was our Word of the Day on 07/19/2014. Hear the podcast!
Examples of blandish in a sentence
 1. blandished her into doing their work for them by complimenting her shamelessly
Did You Know?
The word blandish has been a part of the English language since at least the 14th century with virtually no change in its meaning. It ultimately derives from blandus, a Latin word meaning "mild" or "flattering." One of the earliest known uses of blandish can be found in the sacred writings of Richard Rolle de Hampole, an English hermit and mystic, who cautioned against "the dragon that blandishes with the head and smites with the tail." Although blandish might not exactly be suggestive of dullness, it was the "mild" sense of blandus that gave us our adjective bland, which has a lesser-known sense meaning "smooth and soothing in manner or quality."
Origin and Etymology of blandish
Middle English, from Anglo-French blandiss-, stem of blandir, from Latin blandiri, from blandus mild, flattering
First Known Use: 14th century
Synonym Discussion of blandish
cajole, coax, soft-soap, blandish, wheedle mean to influence or persuade by pleasing words or actions. cajole suggests the deliberate use of flattery to persuade in the face of reluctance or reasonable objections. cajoled him into cheating on the final exam coax implies gentle and persistent words or actions employed to produce a desired effect. coaxed the cat out of the tree soft-soap refers to using smooth and somewhat insincere talk usually for personal gain. politicians soft-soaping eligible voters blandish implies a more open desire to win a person over by effusive praise and affectionate actions. legislators blandished with promises of support wheedle suggests more strongly than cajole the use of seductive appeal or artful words in persuading. hucksters wheedling her life's savings out of her
Seen and Heard
What made you want to look up blandish? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible).
to cast off or become cast off
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text:
This article explains how to view the hardware serial number in EMC Elastic Cloud Search (ECS). There is a difference between the License Serial number and the Hardware Serial number.
OnCommand Insight (OCI) always displays the License Serial Number of ECS.
In EMC ECS, we have the following information:
PSNT = Hardware serial number
SWID = License serial number
ECS uses the SWID as the identifier on how storage nodes are identified. The SWID is also visible in OCI as the serial number; this is the License serial number.


text:
Given a binary tree, Find the Maximum Path Sum between Any Two Leaves
Objective: Given a binary tree, Find the maximum path sum from one leaf node to another.
Input: A binary tree.
- Now we will calculate the max path sum between two leaves node
- So our max path will be either on the left sub tree OR
- Our max path will be either on the right sub tree OR
- Our max path will have some part in left and some part in right and passes through through the root
- Take a variable say, "maxSoFar=0" this will our final result.
- Do postOrder traversal, This will give you result from left and right subtree
- Now at each node calcuate sumCurrent =Max of (result of leftSubtree,result of RightSubtree, result of leftSubtree+result of RightSubtree + Root data)
- if(maxSoFar


text:
Definition of pabulum :
The means of nutriment to animals or plants; food; nourishment; hence, that which feeds or sustains, as fuel for a fire; that upon which the mind or soul is nourished; as, intellectual pabulum.
victual, chow, aliment, eats, eatable, pap, provender, nutriment, diet, regimen, victuals, provisions, viands, comestible, meat, grub, sustenance, food, care for, provision, nutrition, alimentation, nurture, commissariat, feed, fare, ingestion, edible, foodstuff, nourishment, forage, bread, fodder, esculent
- Hence it is demonstrated that a large number of the spores of fungi are constantly present in the atmosphere, which is confirmed by the fact that whenever a suitable pabulum is exposed it is taken possession of by floating spores, and soon converted into a forest of fungoid vegetation. - "Fungi: Their Nature and Uses", Mordecai Cubitt Cooke.
- From the above it will be concluded that the habitats of fungi are exceedingly variable, that they may be regarded as almost universal wherever decaying vegetable matter is found, and that under some conditions animal substances, especially of vegetable feeders, such as insects, furnish a pabulum for their development. - "Fungi: Their Nature and Uses", Mordecai Cubitt Cooke.
- In doing this, the influence he had established over the eastern members, with the agency of Robert Morris with those of the middle States, effected his side of the engagement; and so the Assumption was passed, and twenty millions of stock divided among favored States, and thrown in as a pabulum to the stockjobbing herd. - "Memoir, Correspondence, And Miscellanies, From The Papers Of Thomas Jefferson", Thomas Jefferson.


Pearlescent honey
Thanks, Robert!
Iridescent honey. © Robert Lunsford.
It seems like magic. © Robert Lunsford.
Is my honey safe to eat?
Is it safe to eat honey from a hive with mites?
Is it safe to eat honey after my bees absconded?
Is the honey from a dead hive safe to eat?
I would shrug, trying to imagine something worse.
"Of course!" he said. "That's why were pressing them for cider!"
What lurks within?
Meadowfoam honey?
Stinky honey
"Help! My bees need a bath!"
"My honey stinks."
"There's a foul smell coming from my hive entrance."
"I have reeky bees."
"My bees are collecting rancid nectar."
"My hive smells like my husband's gym locker."
Every autumn a large number of beekeepers report stinky honey. The source of the smell is nectar, most probably from plants in the aster family, including goldenrod and small daisy-like flowers that grow in clusters.
When your bees start to dry this nectar into honey the smell can be overwhelming and somewhat startling. It's just not the odor you expect from your sweet bees.
Although goldenrod, dandelion, and aster honeys are often not favorites, they aren't terrible, and they taste nothing like the odor they give off. Nevertheless, many beekeepers prefer to let the bees keep the aster honey for themselves.
This actually works quite well since asters are largely fall-flowing plants. Beekeepers can harvest in early fall and then let the bees keep the fall honey for overwintering.
Some beekeepers fear AFB when they smell aster nectar, but the odors are quite different. Aster nectar has been described as musty, musky, funky, rank, moldy, sour, and rancid. AFB has more of a dead animal smell... think rotting meat or fly-riddled carcass on the side of the road.
If you are uncertain, look at your capped brood. If your brood is healthy-looking you are probably smelling aster honey. If you see shrunken brood caps, discoloration, holes in the caps, and the brood frames smell like death, then you need to test for AFB.
Asters by photofarmer
Many plants in the Asteraceae family produce odoriferous honey. Flickr photo by photofarmer.
How long does it take bees to change sugar syrup to honey?
A really, really long time. In fact, it ain't gonna happen. Not ever. Sugar syrup is made from table sugar, sucrose, which is a disaccharide of fructose and glucose. Honey is made from the nectar of flowers. Bees are clever, but not clever enough to make honey from plain old sucrose.
Honey has many things in it—all derived from the plants which produced the nectar. These components include other sugars as well as trace amounts of vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals, antioxidants, and flavorful compounds. It is all these optional extras that give honey its flavor, aroma, and color.
Bees will collect sugar syrup, dehydrate it, and store it as if it were nectar. What they end up with, however, is dehydrated and capped sugar syrup—not honey.


text:
Visualizing large trees with divide & conquer partition
- Publication Type:
- Conference Proceeding
- ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, 2013, pp. 79 - 87
- Issue Date:
- Recently Added
- In Progress
- Closed Access
This item is closed access and not available.
While prior works on enclosure approach, guarantees the space utilization of a single geometrical area, mostly rectangle, this paper proposes a flexible enclosure tree layout method for partitioning various polygonal shapes that break through the limitation of rectangular constraint. Similar to Treemap techniques, it uses enclosure to divide display space into smaller areas for its sub-hierarchies. The algorithm can partition a polygonal shape or even an arbitrary shape into smaller polygons, rotated rectangles or vertical-horizontal rectangles. The proposed method and implementation algorithms provide an effective interactive visualization tool for partitioning large hierarchical structures within a confined display area with different shapes for real-time applications. We demonstrated the effective of the new method with a case study, an automated evaluation and a usability study. © 2013 ACM.
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How To Hard Reset iPhone 7 or iPhone 7 Plus (Guide)
iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus have a different kind of home button. Even though the home button looks the same, it is actually not a mechanical button like the one found on previous models. Instead of having an actual click, it gives an illusion of a click when users presses the button with a vibration effect. Thanks to iPhone 7's Taptic engine the vibration 'almost' feels like a normal click. Because iPhone 7 does not have a traditional button Apple has changed the way we can hard reset iPhone 7 or iPhone 7 Plus. The new way is as simple as it was before and involves user pressing two buttons at the same time. In this post we will show you how you can hard reset an iPhone 7 or iPhone 7 Plus in case your device gets stuck etc.
Tutorial For iPhone 7 or iPhone 7 Plus Hard Reset
In order to hard reset your iPhone 7 or iPhone 7 Plus follow the simple steps below.
Step 1: Hold your iPhone 7 in such a way that you can press the power and volume down buttons at the same time.
Step 2: Once you are comfortable press and hold the Power button and the Volume down buttons at the same time.
Step 3: Keep the buttons pressed as the screen turns off.
Step 4: Let go of the buttons as soon as you see the Apple logo.
The turning off of the screen and appearance of the Apple logo means you have successfully hard resetted your iPhone 7 or iPhone 7 Plus. This new way of iPhone hard reset might take a while to get used, however this change is for the better. Since both the buttons you are supposed to press are on either sides of the device, this makes it easier for users to press them together with one hand only.
Let us know what you think of this new hard reset method in the comments section below.
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Sometimes, we find that the Microsoft Internet Explorer window is being opened off the visible portion of the screen, it is opened too small or too big etc. This happens because the Internet Explorer window placement settings have been changed. The window placement settings determine the location and the size of the Internet Explorer window when you open it. To fix this, you can reset the Internet Explorer window placement settings in the Registry. Here is how :
- Close all the open Internet Explorer windows.
- Press the keyboard combination Windows logo key + R to bring up the Run dialog.
- In the Run dialog, type regedit to open the Registry Editor.
- In the Registry Editor, navigate to the following key :
- On the right-side pane, you would find a value named Window_Placement. Select it by clicking on it and then press the Del key to delete it. You can also right-click on it and select Delete from the right-click menu.
- That's it. You have reset the Internet Explorer window placement settings. Now if you open the Internet Explorer, it should open in its default location and the Registry settings will be re-created.


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Z-Wave Shades – Zipato Micromodule Motor Controller with Vera Controls
Looking to control some shades with Z-Wave? Worthington Distribution has a solution using a Somfy standard, 4-wire, AC motor with Zipato's Micromodule Motor Controller. This article will walk you through the shade installation as well as how to add the shade to your Vera controller.
- Somfy-powered shade using a standard, 4-wire, AC motor
- Zipato Micromodule motor controller, SKU ZIPPHPAN08US
- Vera controller
Pre-wiring recommendations –
It's recommended that you have your electrician run an AC wire to the left side of the window. Although a bare wire with wire nuts can be used, to pass inspection, the electrician will likely need to terminate the AC line. If there's no room for a standard outlet, your electrician can install a Sillites self-contained receptacle, SILSCRW.
Install the shade per the fabricator's instructions. Be sure that the shade is level to avoid any issues with the fabric "telescoping."
Install the Zipato Micromodule Motor Controller, following the diagram below:
Please note: Z-Wave is an RF communication. If your shade has a metal fascia or a cassette, make sure that the antenna of the micromodule is outside of the metal to ensure optimal Z-Wave communication.
Perform the following steps to learn the micromodule into your Vera controller:
- Log in to your Vera using your web browser.
- Go to Devices.
- Click on "+ Add device."
- Scroll down and click on "Generic Z-wave device."
- Click "Next" and "Next" again.
- When you see "Add device now" at the top of the page and there is a countdown on the screen, apply power to the micromodule. It should learn into your Vera controller.1
- Name the device and click "Finish."
- Give the module approximately 60 seconds to complete provisioning before proceeding.
- Click on Open or Close to ensure that the shade moves in the correct direction.2 Also, make sure that the shade stops at the correct upper and lower limits.3
1 If the micromodule has already been powered or was part of a previous Z-Wave network, you will need to perform an exclusion with the Vera controller. When on the screen with the countdown timer, click on "Retry." The message at the top of the screen will change to "Remove device now." Quickly click the button on the micromodule three times. The message will change to "Node finished" and the Vera controller will go back to inclusion mode. Click the button three times again to learn the micromodule into the Vera controller.
2 If the shade runs in reverse, power down the micromodule and swap the red and black wires coming from the motor. Make sure to re-apply power once the wires have been swapped.
3 If the limits need to be adjusted, refer to the shade fabricator's or the motor manufacturer's instructions.
Once you're certain that the directions and limits are correct, you will need to calibrate the micromodule to the shade. To do so, press and hold the button on the micromodule for 3-5 seconds and then release it. The shade will move up and down several times so that the module can learn its upper and lower limits.
Repeat these steps for any additional shades and micromodules you would like to control.
You will now have full control of the shade with your Z-Wave controller. To confirm, press Open, Close, or move to % to verify that the treatment now moves to this position.


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Mining Publication: Technology News 453 - Navigation and Control of Continuous Mining Systems for Coal Mining
The primary focus of the U.S. Bureau of Mines (USBM) is to make mining safer and more healthful for mine workers. The USBM research program is developing technology that will allow computer-assisted operation of mechanized equipment normally used in underground room-and-pillar coal mining, while permitting workers to be located away from the hazardous coal extraction area (the face). Advanced navigation and control technologies are being developed for underground room-and-pillar and highwall coal mining that can be applied to commercially available mining equipment. The technology being developed uses off-the-shelf components, minimizing the effort required to adapt it to mining equipment. Because the new developments are completely modular, only the modules required in a particular application need be used on the system.


Why Are Words More Memorable Than Numbers?
Assuming that they are, I'm sure for some people it's actually the other way around.
Is it because numbers describe a relationship between entities rather than the entities themselves?
it's because like there's not much material difference between 1178 and 1179, they're too specific aren't they.
Like you could remember seeing a red car but could you remember what shade of red?
Numbers all mean the same thing, just different quantities of that thing
1 Like
It's only words
And words are all I have
To take your heart away
yeah they rely on something else to define them don't they.
So does that mean maths can't exist in a vacuum?
simply write numbers down as words and they become easier to remember
I guess until something has happened nothing can have any meaning,
Can someone give me the four one one on this thread please?
One of the only things that makes me remotely suitable for my job is that I find numbers very easy to remember.
1 Like
This is a good little memory trick
Say you had to remember this string of numbers
193 919 452 020
You'd probably forget after half hour if you were asked to repeat what they were because there's no context but if you put them together and they have a context it's easier so
193 919 452 020 becomes
_PHONE_ 2020 aka the start and end years of WW2 and the current year.
1 Like
yeah that is neat!
Can Discobot answer with word numbers?
Hey _USER_ roll 1d6
:game_die: 2
Human consciousness doesn't really work in numbers, thank heavens, it's another level of mathematical abstraction
1 Like


How To Fix iPhone Slow Charging After iOS 13.3 Update
Dealing with slow charging problems on your iPhone after the recent iOS 13.3 update? If that's so, then this post might be able to help you out. Keep scrolling and get help.
New iPhones are expected to get fully charged in about an hour or so from the moment it's plugged into the charger. Nonetheless, there are several factors that can slow down the charging process and you will just realize that your iPhone is charging very slowly. Read on to find out why this happens and how to fix the problem on your end.
Why is an iPhone charging very slow
Many cases of charging problems are attributed to a defective charger, charging port or charging cable in use. But contrary to the common thoughts, most charging problems on an iPhone are due to software-related factors including erratic apps and corrupt charging system on the phone. And these can be triggered when a new update is installed and that update contains some bug.
There are also other cases wherein slow charging is directly inflicted by a damaged battery on the phone. This is usually transpiring on earlier devices due to wear and tear.
Troubleshooting iPhone charging very slow from an iOS update
Before troubleshooting, check both ends of your charging cable to ensure that there's no damage. Also check the charging port on your iPhone and make sure that nothing is clogged or stuck inside. Also make sure that you're charging from an outlet (main power source).
Charging from portable sources like a computer's USB port, power banks, and car chargers takes longer than when charging from the main outlet because the output current from portable chargers is lower than that from the main source.
If you have complied with all these charging requisites and yet your iPhone is still charging very slow after the update, try these methods to rule out software-related culprits.
First solution: Reboot your iPhone (force restart)
There may be some rogue apps that are left running on your iPhone and they are slowing down the charging process. Apps that remained open during the software update installation are usually the ones that ended up in this state. And this is when you need to quit these apps. To get that done, simply force restart your iPhone.
On an iPhone 8, 8 Plus and later models, a force restart is carried out through these steps:
 1. Press and quickly release the Volume Up button.
 2. Then press and quickly release the Volume Down button.
 3. Finally, press and hold the Side/Power button until the Apple logo appears.
 4. Release the Side/Power button then.
On an iPhone 7 or 7 Plus, follow these steps to force restart:
 1. Press and hold both the Volume Down button and Power button for a few seconds.
 2. Release both buttons when the Apple logo appears.
On an iPhone 6s, 6s Plus and iPhone SE, a force restart is done this way:
 1. Press and hold both the Power button and Home button for a few seconds.
 2. Then release both buttons when the Apple logo appears.
Performing a force restart is only applicable if your iPhone still has sufficient battery life to power up. It abruptly ends all running apps and services that have gone rogue from the recent update. The entire process does not affect any saved data on the internal memory, hence creating backups beforehand won't be necessary.
Second solution: Force restart while charging
Another effective solution you can try is doing a force restart while your iPhone is charging. This is applicable if your iPhone doesn't have sufficient battery life to finish the reboot sequence. The positive effect is similar to that of a mere force restart. So here's what you should do then:
 1. Plug your iPhone into its charger.
 2. Give it several minutes to recharge and then perform a force restart.
 3. Just refer to the above steps on how to force restart your iPhone.
Any corrupted background apps and services should be cleared out in the process and the adverse symptoms they have inflicted are likewise remedied.
Third solution: Update all your apps
This is another way to address post-update slow charging problem on an iPhone that's attributed to glitching third-party apps. Apps that are ended up acting up from an update are those that aren't up to date. This usually happens because they're no longer able to meet the minimum system requirements and thus couldn't get to run as expected.
If your iPhone still has enough power and has a stable internet access, follow these steps to check and install pending app updates via App Store:
 1. From the Home screen, tap App Store. Doing so will launch the app.
 2. Scroll down to the bottom of the screen then tap on Today.
 3. Tap on the User Profile icon, on the upper-right corner of the screen to load up your account details.
 4. Scroll down to the Available Updates section to view any pending app updates.
 5. Tap Update All to simultaneously install all pending app updates on your device.
When all apps are finished updating, reboot your iPhone to save and apply the recent software changes.
Fourth solution: Reset all settings
Settings that aren't properly configured such as unused network or location features that are constantly enabled on the phone are also among the possible culprits. Thus, they must also be eliminated. To do so, just reset all settings on your iPhone to clear out any misconfigured system settings and then restore the default system preferences.
You don't need to back up critical data on your iPhone because this reset doesn't delete any of them. Just follow these steps to proceed:
 1. From the Home screen, tap Settings.
 2. Select General.
 3. Scroll down to and tap Reset.
 4. Select the option to Reset all settings.
 5. Enter your passcode if prompted to continue.
 6. Then tap Reset all settings again to confirm that you want to reset your iPhone's system settings to defaults.
When the reset is finished, your phone reboots automatically and then restores the default system preferences. By then you can start re-enabling only the features that you need to use on your device.
Fifth solution: Erase your iPhone and restore its factory default settings
In some cases, slow charging issues may persist because the underlying cause is too complex that none of the initial procedures can rectify. To deal with these types of problems, performing advanced solutions like a factory reset is usually needed. Just be sure to back up all important files you saved on your iPhone storage to prevent losing them permanently.
Note that a factory reset deletes all your iPhone data and then restores the factory defaults. Any complex system errors including post-update iOS bugs that caused slow charging problem will also be eliminated.
A faster way to factory reset a responsive iPhone is through settings. And here's how it's done:
 1. From the Home screen, tap Settings.
 2. Select General.
 3. Scroll down to and then tap Reset.
 4. Tap the option to Erase all content and settings.
 5. If prompted, enter your passcode to proceed.
 6. Then tap the option to confirm that you want to erase and restore factory default settings.
An alternative way to factory reset is using iTunes or Finder app on the computer. This is usually needed if the iPhone is frozen or not responding.
Last resort: Restore your iPhone in iTunes
If all else failed to fix the problem, restoring the iPhone from a previous iOS backup can be considered among the last options. This is often needed if the problem is caused by a stubborn iOS bug that requires a dedicated fix patch.
If possible, back up all important files from your iPhone to your computer beforehand because they will all be wiped out when restoring.
Once you're all set, open up the Finder or iTunes app on your computer then connect your iPhone using the original USB or Lightning cable. When your device is connected, refer these steps to enter recovery mode.
On iPhone 8 or later model:
 - Press and quickly release the Volume Up button.
 - Then press and quickly release the Volume Down button.
 - Finally, press and hold the Side/Power button until the Recovery Mode screen (Connect to iTunes) screen appears.
On iPhone 7 and 7 Plus:
 - Press and hold the Power/Top button and Volume Down buttons simultaneously.
 - Release both buttons when the Recovery Mode screen (Connect to iTunes) screen appears.
On iPhone 6s, 6s Plus, and iPhone SE:
 - Press and hold both the Home button and Power buttons for a few seconds.
After successfully entering recovery mode, select your iPhone by clicking on its icon that appears on the computer and then click Update or Restore when prompted.
To reinstall the software without erasing your iPhone data, select Update. Otherwise, click Restore to erase your iPhone data and restore from a previous iOS backup.
If your iPhone supports fast charging, try using an alternative fast charger that's compatible with your device and see if that speeds up charging.
ALSO READ: How To Fix Slow Charging Issue On iPhone XS


If the airflow section of your tank is out of alignment, it can throw up some connection issues causing the coil to fail to read on your battery or device. Often this related to the device being dropped or knocked, but it's normally a straightforward process to put right.
The tank should appear straight and in alignment when you look at it head on. If you notice a slant, or sizeable gaps between sections of the airflow as pictured below, it's very likely that this is what's causing the issue.
It's an easy fix though:
 - Take the airflow off of your tank
 - Take the coil out of the airflow
 - Place the airflow on a solid surface
 - Push down on the airflow with plenty of force (easier to do by placing a heavy book on top). It might 'pop' as it slots back into position
That should be enough to realign the airflow, allowing for a solid connection between the tank/coil and battery, and resolve the issue.


Gorm Salomonsen
Learn More
We describe the theory behind a practical voting scheme based on homomorphic encryption. We give an example of an ElGamal-style encryption scheme, which can be used as the underlying cryptosystem. Then, we present efficient honest verifier zero-knowledge proofs that make the messages in the voting scheme shorter and easier to compute and verify, for voters(More)
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correct order with the preposition "on" between them.
 Example 6.3.1: Calculating Force
 What force is exerted on the tooth in Figure if the tension in the wire is 25.0 N? Note that the force applied to the tooth is smaller than the tension in the wire, but this is necessitated by practical considerations of how force can be applied in the mouth. Explicitly show how you follow steps in the Problem-Solving Strategy for Newton's laws of motion.
 Figure 6.3.1 Braces are used to apply forces to teeth to realign them. Shown in this figure are the tensions applied by the wire to the protruding tooth. The total force applied to the tooth by the wire, \(F_{app} \), points straight toward the back of the mouth.
 1. Use Newton's laws since we are looking for forces.
 2. Draw a free-body diagram:
 Figure 6.3.2.
 3. The tension is given as \( T = 25.0 \space N. \) Fond \(F_{app}.\) Using Newton's laws gives: \( \sum{F_y} = 0 \), so that applied force is due to the y-components of the two tensions: \(F_{app} = 2T \space sin \space \theta = 2(25.0 \space N) \space sin (15^o) = 12.9 \space N. \) The x-components of the tension cancel. \( \sum{F_x} = 0 \).
 4. This seems reasonable, since the applied tensions should be greater than the force applied to the tooth.
 Contact and Long Range Forces
 An interaction and the accompanying agent of interaction—the force—can occur between objects that are in contact as well as between objects that are widely separated in space. An example of the former is the force you apply on an object when you push it, or the force your bat exerts on a ball as you hit it into left field. An example of the latter is the force of gravity the Earth exerts on an orbiting satellite 200 miles above the surface of the Earth. The gravitational interaction between the Earth and other objects which may or may not be touching the Earth is said to be long range. The interaction and the force, the agent of the interaction, continue to exist, even when there is no direct contact. This is distinctly different from the example of the bat and ball. The force of the bat on the ball is often referred to as a contact force, since there is no interaction or force if the bat and ball are not in actual contact (in a macroscopic sense).


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Two-thirds of beneficiaries of the Group's Solidarity Sourcing programme are women. A total of 48,061 beneficiaries come from 66 projects specifically related to the emancipation of women in 30 countries, with the support of 17 associations and NGO partners. These Solidarity Sourcing projects support the following women:
- producers of raw materials such as shea, argan or galanga grown and harvested in accordance with fair trade principles;
- hailing from various vulnerable local communities, or who have assumed positions usually reserved for men;
- beneficiaries through support for Women-Owned Businesses (suppliers owned, controlled and led by 51% or more women);
In 2021, the Group continued to accelerate its strategy to support female entrepreneurship, reconfirming its involvement in WEConnect International and multiplying by 3.8 the number of suppliers led by women supported in 16 countries.


Voice over BLE
Bluetooth SDK version 2.6.0 introduces a new software example for Thunderboard Sense (TB Sense) boards, called SoC – Voice over Bluetooth Low Energy (VoBLE). The example can be created directly from Simplicity Studio's Launcher after a Thunderboard Sense is connected to the PC.
The application samples data from the microphone on TB Sense, runs it through a filter and codec, and sends it over the Bluetooth link to a GATT client.
The GATT client application, which can receive the samples from the Thunderboard, is made available as an NCP host code. It can be run on a PC connected to an EFR32 device programmed with NCP - target image. The default location of the VoBLE NCP host app is:
How it Works
The block diagram below summarizes the data flow from the microphone into the Bluetooth link.
Block Diagram
The EFR32 on the TB Sense samples the microphone using the ADC with the sampling rate and resolution configured by the GATT client. The sampled data is then run through a digital filter (if the filter usage is enabled) and coded using ADPCM codec before being sent via the Bluetooth link to the GATT client using notifications.
By default, the high pass filter (HPF) is set as the preferred digital filter. To change the filter type, configure it in the Thunderboard Sense software before compiling. The supported filter types are listed in filter_type_t in filter.h.
/** Filter types */
typedef enum {
 LPF, /**< Low Pass Filter */
 HPF, /**< High Pass Filter */
 BPF, /**< Band Pass Filter */
 NOTCH, /**< Notch Filter */
 PEQ, /**< Peaking Band EQ Filter */
 LSH, /**< Low Shelf Filter */
 HSH /**< High Shelf Filter */
To change the filter and filtering parameters, choose one of the filters listed above and configure the DEFAULT_FILTER -macro.
/** Default filter */
_TAG_ DEFAULT_FILTER \
 { \
 HPF, /** Default filter type */ \
 0, /** Default gain */ \
 100, /** Default frequency */ \
 8000, /** Default sampling rate */ \
 2, /** Default bandwidth in octaves*/ \
On the GATT client side, the application starts by sending the configurations to the TB Sense and idles until audio data is received over notifications. Finally, the received data is saved into a file.
Setting up
To test this solution, you need one TB Sense and one WSTK with any of our EFR32BG/MG or BGM radio boards.
Thunderboard Sense (GATT Server)
 1. Attach the Thunderboard Sense to your PC.
 2. Open Simplicity Studio and select your board (Thunderboard Sense).
 3. Click on the SoC – Voice over Bluetooth Low Energy tile in the Software Examples column to create a new project.
 4. Optionally change the filter type as described earlier.
 5. Build and flash the project to the Thunderboard Sense.
WSTK (GATT Client)
 1. Attach the WSTK (with any radio board) to your PC.
 2. Open Simplicity Studio and select your board (WSTK with any radio board).
 3. Click on the NCP target - Empty tile in the Demos column to run the NCP target code on the board.
 4. Open a command prompt and navigate to.
 5. Run make-command (it is recommended to use mingw32, but cygwin can also work).
 This will create four new folders: build, exe, lst and scripts.
 6. Navigate to the exe-subdirectory. If the compiling was successful, you will see the executable application called voice_over_bluetooth_low_energy_app.exe.
Running voice_over_bluetooth_low_energy_app.exe, you should be greeted by the following help message.
Help message
The program can be configured using the flags shown in the above image. When giving the parameters to the program, all units must be omitted.
Few notes about the parameters:
Saving the Audio into a File
To record audio into an audio file using this ncp-host-application, you will have to provide at least the following parameters (examples in parenthesis):
In the example below, the verbose mode is used with the default settings for both sampling rate and resolution (16 kHz and 12 bits respectively) and saving the audio data in a file called my_audio_file.
Command output
If you have activated the verbose mode, as in the above image, you will get status messages from the GATT client application. The application will stop printing status messages after is has written all the configurations, which in the above image happens after transfer status has successfully been enabled. When the initialization is done, the GATT client (ncp-host) is ready to receive data from the TB Sense.
To start recording and streaming audio data over the BLE link, press and hold TB Sense BTN0 (left button). After the button is pressed, you should see activity on the terminal window, summarizing the transmission progress. All audio data will be saved to a file defined by the output filename -parameter ( my_audio_file.ima in this example ). If a file with a same name already exists, the audio data is appended to the end of that file.
To end the transmission in progress, send a interrupt signal to the application. On Windows OS, a keyboard interrupt signal can be sent with CTRL+C key combination.
Importing to Audacity
(Conversion with SoX explained in the next chapter)
To listen to the audio, you can use a freeware tool such as Audacity to import and decode the data. In Audacity, select File -> Import -> Raw Data and select the audio file you have created. The select VOX ADPCM encoding and write down the sample rate that you used, either 8000 or 16000 Hz. In this example 16000 Hz was used.
Audacity Raw Conversion
After the file is imported, you can listen to it by pressing the Play button on the top left corner. Then, you can export the file to wav format through File -> Export Audio.
Optionally, you can also upload it to Watson's Speech to Text to get a speech transcription of the audio recording.
Watson Speech to Text
Using the Provided Scripts
There are few scripts provided to streamline the process, by using a command line audio editing software called SoX. To use the scripts, install the SoX 14.4.1 on your machine (SoX 14.4.2 has issues when capturing standard output, for that reason it is required to use the previous version). Windows scripts can be found from …\scripts\win -directory.
Executes the voice_over_bluetooth_low_energy_app.exe using the parameters given in the config -file.
A helper script that is used to define settings.
_USER_ off
set CURRENT_DIR=%~dp0
set VOBLE_APP=voice_over_bluetooth_low_energy_app.exe
set VOBLE_APP_PARAM=-p COM8 -b 115200 -o audio_data.ima -t 1
set SOX_APP="C:\Program Files (x86)\sox-14-4-1\sox.exe"
Configuration options:
Searches the exe-folder for all files of a specified format and converts them to wav-format using SoX. Works for.ima or.s16 files.
Usage: convert.bat ima --OR-- convert.bat s16
The source code of this project can be found in the Bluetooth SDK, as explained in the Description section.


Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English homepage
Topic: SPORT
run‧ner [countable]
1DSO someone who runs for sport or pleasure [↪ jogger]:
a long-distance runner
a marathon runner
2 a horse that runs in a race:
The runners and riders appear in Friday's Racing Post.
do a runner
British English informal to leave somewhere quickly in order to avoid paying for something or having to meet someone:
By the time the police got there, the boys had done a runner.
4DSODLO one of the two thin pieces of metal under a sledge, or the single piece of metal under a skate
5DHH the bar of wood or metal that a drawer or curtain slides along
6 technicalHBP a stem on a plant that grows along the ground and then puts down roots to form a new plant
7DHH a long narrow piece of cloth or carpet
Word of the Day
Word of the Day is:
Other related topics


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Texas drought killed 301 million trees
By Kathy Huber | September 25, 2012 | Updated: September 26, 2012 7:52am
The numbers are ugly. A whopping 301 million trees have died across state forestlands as a result of the 2011 drought, the Texas A&M Forest Service reported Tuesday.
The latest count was determined after a three-month, on-the-ground study of hundreds of forested plots, as well as satellite imagery from before and after the drought. It includes trees killed directly by the drought and those so weakened that they succumbed to insects and disease.
The Brazos Valley region took the heaviest hit, losing nearly 10 percent of its trees on forested land. North Texas and western northeast Texas lost 8.3 percent and 8.2 percent, respectively.
Harris County is included in the 6.5 percent loss in the western section of southeast Texas. That's nearly 19 million fewer trees than the near 290 million live tree count before the drought. Far east stretches of southeast Texas got better news: a 1.3 percent loss, down 7.5 million trees from pre-drought 597.1 million live trees.
The 301 million count falls about midway of the forest service's previous estimates of 100 to 500 million drought-related tree deaths.
Although still a huge toll, the good news is the forest is resilient, says Burl Carraway, department head for the Texas A&M Forest Service Sustainable Forestry department. Young, new trees eventually grow in the place of fallen dead trees.
"Tree death is a natural forest process," he said in a news release. "We just had more last year than previous years."
Most of the dead trees will stand until they fall, says Forest Service analyst Chris Edgar. This benefits wildlife and helps prevent soil erosion.
The dead trees, however, could become hazards in fire conditions.
The 301 million does not include trees that shade our home gardens, city parks and streets. Another 5.6 million urban trees have died from the drought, according to an earlier study done by the service's Urban Forest program.
Houstonians have been shaken by the drought-related gaps in our urban forest.
Forester Mickey Merritt roughly estimates the drought has taken 50 percent of the trees in the city's Memorial Park.
Nature will also gradually help re-green urban canopies. More help will come from those that residents are eager to replant.


Making Brown Bags a Hoot
Making Brown Bags a Hoot
You may have noticed that owls have quickly become the "it" animal on everything from bedding to backpacks for our little ones. Catch owl fever by bringing your kids' favorite animal into their lunch routine. Here's how you do it!
 1. Gather your materials. All you need is a sheet each of brown, orange, and white construction paper; a brown paper bag; scissors (of the childproof variety if your kids are helping); tape; and a black marker.
 1. Lay your lunch bag with the fold facing up. Make sure the side of the bag with the opening is closest to you. Then, cut all the parts you will need from the construction paper.
 1. This includes two wings and a triangular face from the brown paper, an oval tummy and beak from the orange, and two eyeballs from the white. Make sure the face fits into the square fold of the lunch bag.
 1. Attach each part by folding each piece of tape from end-to-end, creating a double-sided adhesive. Once every part is securely attached, draw eyes using your marker. Feel free to add cute flourishes like eyelashes.
Picture of brown paper bag and construction paper cutouts
5. Voila! Now the owl is ready for a day of play.
Owl puppet craft
Making Brown Bags a Hoot
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Treehouse Software TREETIP: Data Replication for a Mainframe Database that has no Primary Key, using tcVISION
by Joseph Brady, Director of Business Development / AWS and Cloud Alliance Lead at Treehouse Software, Inc. and Chris Rudolph, Senior Technical Representative at Treehouse Software, Inc.
This blog takes a look at tcVISION's support for a mainframe database that has no primary key at the source (a mainframe primary key is a column, or set of columns that uniquely identifies one row of a table).
In situations where the source database does not contain any unique values, Treehouse technicians discuss with the customer how the application currently works and their expectations for how the data should be treated when planning replication/migration to a new target environment. Depending on the application, Journal Replication or Data Warehouse Replication may be a better fit than a "normal" RDBMS table definition.
tcVISION's Key ID management can be used to create a column to use as the key on the target table. Another option would be to use a SQL Lookup to query another table. Either way, target column(s) that contain unique values will need to be identified. Once these columns are identified, they can be marked with the key identifier, using the tcVISION repository editor, or Key ID Management can be used to create a new unique column, then those columns are used within the wizard.
For example, this source table does not contain a primary key:
Analysis of the target data shows the columns FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME and MIDDLE_NAME together will provide a unique value. These fields can be marked in the tcVISION repository as being members of a key:
As mentioned earlier, the tcVISION Key ID Management wizard can also be used to create a new unique target column:
Specify the key name:
Specify the key value creation:
Various options are available:
Contact Treehouse Software for a Demo Today…
Further reading: tcVISION Mainframe data replication is featured on the AWS Partner Network Blog…
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You can use your computer to calculate data for your business reports, expenses and other needs. The Windows operating system includes a native Calculator app that offers more than just basic functionality. You can use the app to track history and copy that information into a text document in Notepad. You'll have to manually copy and paste the history to the text file, but it provides a handy way to keep track of long calculations for later reference.
1. Turn on your computer and wait for Windows to fully boot.
2. Click the "Start" menu. Type "Calculator" in the search box and click the application when it appears in the search results.
3. Click "View" and select "History." Alternatively, press the "Ctrl" + "H" keys simultaneously to enable history tracking.
4. Use the calculator in the customary manner, typing in numbers and expressions on your computer's numeric keypad. The history tracking for your calculations appears near the top of the calculator window.
5. Click "Edit" on the Calculator toolbar. Select "History" and then click "Copy History."
6. Click the Windows "Start" menu and type "notepad" in the search box. Click "Notepad" when it appears in the search results.
7. Press "Ctrl" + "V" to paste the calculation history into the text file. Click "File" and "Save As." Specify a name for the file and click the "Save" button. Your calculations are saved.
8. Click "File" and select "Print." On the pop-up dialogue box, choose a printer and click the "Print" button. The calculations print onto paper, similar to the way a receipt prints on a business calculator.
- Thinkstock/Comstock/Getty Images


,,,,
In 1880, Gustave Lundberg and Christian Carff, planing mill operators, set up a direct current electric light plant, probably the first in Utah. It was a small Thompson-Houston machine with a capacity of fifty arcs, providing five lights for Logan City at $15.00 per month per light. January, 1886, the Logan Electric Light and Power Company was organized, capital stock $5000, one-half subscribed by Lundberg and Garff and the balance by Logan City Commissioners. In 1888, the city acquired complete ownership and it became Utah's first municipal electric light plant.


Test Pit Investigation
Test pits are a common way to investigate the subsurface soils and collect soil samples if needed. This is done for purposes of delineating contamination in order to determine the location and size of a plume.Test pits are often requested over soil borings in landscapes where terrain is more extreme and to visibly see at what depth groundwater is at.
ENRC has the necessary equipment and experience in safety performing test pits with accuracy. If test pits aren't what you are looking for and you would need something with less ground disturbance, we can also perform soil borings up to 100 feet.


text: Early research examined the direct effect of perceived connectivity (PC) on intention to adopt information systems. In this study, we extend that research stream by examining the mediating effects of perceived enjoyment (PE) and perceived playfulness (PP) on the relationship between PC and the intention to use social media within the workplace. To test our proposed model, we collected data from 2,556 social media users from Australia, Canada, India, the UK, and the US. We applied the REBUS-PLS algorithm, a response-based method for detecting unit segments in PLS path modelling and assessing the unobserved heterogeneity in the data sample. Based on the strength of effects, the algorithm automatically detected two groups of users sharing the same intentions to use social media. A post hoc analysis of each group was done using contextual and demographic variables including geographic location, country, age, education and gender. Implications for practice and research are discussed.


CHP cuts emissions at Jaguar Halewood
BP Energy has gained consent from Energy Minister Peter Hain to build a 70MW gas-fired combined heat and power station at the Jaguar's Halewood site. The proposed stations will supply the heat and electricity needs of the Halewood works where Jaguar will build a range of models including its new X-type.
In a written answer to a Parliamentary Question from Maria Eagle (Liverpool, Garston), Hain said: 'Combined heat and power plants are designed to produce both electricity and usable heat. They have environmental benefits due to their high levels of energy efficiency.
'The decision shows the commitment of Ford to Merseyside as the power station will supply the current and future needs of the Jaguar works which will shortly be producing a new range.
The Energy Minister has also given the green light to Great Yarmouth Power to extend the South Denes combined cycle gas turbine power station by an increase in capacity from 350 to 400 MW.
In another written answer Hain commented: 'It is important that developers considering new proposals explore the opportunities to use combined heat and power.'
Combined heat and power stations release 50% less emission of such gases to the atmosphere than conventional fossil fuelled stations.
On the web


Worms in a Drainfie...
Clear all
Worms in a Drainfield
New Member
Joined: 2 years ago
Posts: 1
Topic starter
Can worms be used for a secondary filtration system. If the runoff from a septic tank led to a vermicomposting bin, would the secondary wastewater provide enough nutrient for the worms to feed? If so, what would be the ideal mix for it to be in?
Thanks and apologies for my lack of understanding. Just trying (and struggling) to get my head around everything
Eminent Member Admin
Joined: 4 years ago
Posts: 42
Hi Nico
Yes you can use a worm ecosystem to clean septic tank effluent. If it's in an uncontained filter bed, then the worm population will adjust itself, along with the microbial population, to be the optimum balance for the amount of nutrient available in your unique situation. That's the advantage of working with natural systems. They're self-maintaining and self-correcting. So provided the conditions remain within what's tolerable for the health of the ecosystem as a whole, it will regulate itself. (Just as the Earth has done for billions of years until humans thought they knew better...) So if you set up a greenfilter bed as per the Design & construction page and just add worms, the ecosystem will start to establish and then do what it does best.
Worms have been used in many bioremediation projects to clean up all manner of pollutants. Most of these projects have been based on an inorganic substrate (see the scientific studies linked on the Why worms? page) but work so much better with organic material which is the ecosystem's natural habitat.


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CultureUnited Arab Emirates
Sometimes a city's biggest secret is hidden in its name. But take a closer look at the names of these famous metropoles and all will be revealed!
In Arabic, the name of the capital of the United Arab Emirates means 'Father of the Gazelle', most likely in reference to the animals that populate the emirate.
You don't need to dig too deep to find the meaning behind the name Amsterdam. It refers to the 'dam' on which the city was constructed along the River Amstel. So literally translated, Amsterdam means 'the dam of the Amstel'.
It only takes a basic knowledge of Greek mythology to find the origin of the name of Greece's capital city. The goddess of wisdom, war and craft was called Athena.
The old name for this French city was Burdigala. By chopping the word up, we find the words 'burd' (muddy) and 'gala' (creek). So the name Bordeaux would originally have meant 'the creek in the marshes or wetlands'.
Dubai was named for a type of grasshopper, or locust, which thrives in this desert region. Its Arabic name is 'dibba'.


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Making an Informed Choice--Part 2
8/31/2011 8:58 AM
Part One listed factors to consider in order to make an informed decision about which building will provide you with the best long-term value and performance. This week we will look at steel strength and what it means as you evaluate your options.
Quality, thickness (gauge) and total amount of steel are a significant influence on the safety and longevity of a building. Some manufacturers will use a thin, 14 gauge steel for their trusses which allows excessive flexing and buckling under relatively low forces.
When comparing manufacturers, ask for the following information:
- Diameter of each of the chords in the truss
- Diameter of the webs in the truss
- Gauge of steel used in each
- Total weight of structural steel in the building
This data will allow you to accurately compare the facts affecting steel strength.
In the next post I will explain how snow shedding qualities affect the design and strength of a building.


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Vocabulary Word
Word: rightful
Definition: legally correct; Ex. rightful owner
Sentences Containing 'rightful'
After the assassination of Francisco Pizarro, in retaliation for his father's execution in 1538, Diego de Almagro II, "El Mozo", continued to press claims as the rightful ruler of Peru and as leader of his father's supporters.
Although later Carolingian historians cast her as a concubine, she was during her time the rightful wife of Charles.
As a result, he opposes his enemies not only because he finds their actions evil, but also because they have usurped the rightful authority of the crown.
At the age of twelve, their eldest son, Andrew, became the rightful heir to the family title, Baron Castle Stewart, passed down from Andrew's uncle.
Because list MPs gain their positions by virtue of being on a party list, rather than by winning votes personally, some contend that the party, not the MP, is the rightful "owner" of the seat.
By 1938, the only use the Germans had for the A.G.N.A. was to threaten to renounce the treaty as a way of pressuring London to accept continental Europe as Germany's rightful sphere of influence.
Dawoodi Bohra believe that after Muhammad, Ali had been the rightful "wasi", Imam and caliph, but the actual Caliphate was usurped by Ẓāhirī ("literalist") caliphs.
Furthermore he noted that as Kazembe was the rightful owner of Msiri's country, the Kazembe treaty effectively gave them all the 'Lunda country' (by which he included Msiri's territory comprising the south-east of present-day Katanga).
George Sinclair of Keiss, who was considered the rightful heir, stormed the castle in 1679, an action which led to the Battle of Altimarlech in 1680, in which the Campbells were victorious.
He is compelled to send a telepathic message to his twin C'tair (who is hiding on Tleilaxu-conquered Ix) that his own heighliner carries rightful Ixian ruler Rhombur Vernius, on his way to free the planet.
Her home also became a focal point for young society women, though she was never able to take her rightful place in society due to the scandals surrounding her husband.
His eldest son and rightful heir was Koretsune.
If police agencies are not able to return the stolen merchandise to the rightful owners, by law they must sell seized, recovered, found, and unclaimed personal property at public auction.
In 1949, the museum was among the first to return a work that had been looted by the Nazis, when it returned Claude Monet's "The Seine at Asnières" to its rightful owner.
In 1973, several episodes of the series were compiled together as an overseas theatrical release entitled "Call Me By My Rightful Name".
In 1996, Rodney King sued Burris and two other attorneys, accusing them of trying to defraud King out of his rightful share of recovery from a multi-million-dollar jury verdict against Los Angeles; a court ruled that King's suit was not brought within the statute of limitations.
In March 2011, when asked if he was the rightful heir, Idris said a family council would decide who would be king, not an heir.
Isis could not stand by and let this happen because her son was the rightful ruler.
Later, Vortigern is deposed by the rightful King of the Britons, Aurelius Ambrosius (the historical Ambrosius Aurelianus) and Hengist is captured and later executed.
Like the Provisional IRA before it, the RIRA sees itself as the only rightful successor to the original Irish Republican Army and styles itself as simply "the Irish Republican Army" in English or "Óglaigh na hÉireann" (Volunteers of Ireland) in Irish.
Mediaeval sources describe the Rhinegrave as the village's and municipal area's highest "Vogt" and rightful chief justice.
Paul's Cathedral declaring Edward's children bastards and Richard the rightful king.
Princess Alexa enters, and wonders why the marriage must take place at all, since Melissa is the rightful heir.
Since then the two sons and their respective followers have been feuding over who is the rightful successor of Moshe, with the followers of Aaron attempting to gain control of approximately $372 million worth of Satmar buildings and land (including its synagogues) in Williamsburg and elsewhere.
The Amboy Conference was the setting of the official "re-organization" of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints into the Latter Day Saint denomination now known as the Community of Christ. Held on April 6, 1860, this conference recognized movement founder, Joseph Smith, Jr's eldest son, Joseph Smith III as his rightful successor and sustained the young Joseph as President of the Church.
The Golden Gate Yacht Club (GGYC) filed its own challenge for the Cup and then filed a court case asking that CNEV be removed as Challenger of Record as being unqualified under the Deed of Gift. GGYC also asked that it be named as the rightful Challenger of Record, being the first club to file a conforming challenge.
The merchandise is only auction after the police has attempted to return the items to the rightful owner and the merchandise is no longer needed in any police investigation.
The rightful heir was believed to be Edward Berkeley Philipps (later Mansel), son of Courtenay Philipps, son of Richard Mansel, younger brother of the tenth Baronet.
The story is mainly about the sorceress Gudrun, who rules the Jarl's people through fear; the power struggle between her and her son, her very reflection and one weakness; and the small, motley band of outlaws who join him in the fight to restore the land to its rightful leader.
The younger one initially claims to be the true heir of the Duke of Bilgewater, and the older one the lost son of Louis the XVI and the rightful king of France.
There followed a long and acrimonious legal battle, with the New York Court of Appeals finally deciding on April 2, 2009, that CNEV did not qualify as valid challenger, and that the GGYC was thus the rightful Challenger of Record. Dispute.
When Dom Miguel returned and seized power from the rightful heir, his niece Maria II, and proclaimed himself 'Absolute King', Travassos Valdez held out in Madeira until his defence of the island was overwhelmed by an expeditionary force despatched from Portugal. As Miguel had given orders that Travassos Valdez should be hanged if captured, he was forced to flee the Portuguese realms and, with his wife, brother, and six children, sailed to England under the protection of the British Royal Navy in September 1828.
Yahya believed that as the next oldest son, he was next in line to be Ottoman Sultan and felt cheated out of his rightful destiny.
More Vocab Words
::: cantankerous - ill-humored; irritable
::: disclose - reveal; N. disclosure
::: obsequy - funeral ceremony


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We need your help now to make a difference to a child's education.
The British Science Association is a charity that is committed to inspiring the UK's future scientists and engineers. One of the ways we do this is through our CREST Star Investigators scheme.
CREST Star Investigators is a UK wide awards scheme designed to enable children aged five to eleven to solve science, technology, engineering and maths problems through practical investigation. We currently reach 10% of UK primary schools, and an estimated 60,000 young people complete a CREST Star award every year. An external evaluation demonstrated that CREST Star not only increased enthusiasm for science among children, but also improved thinking, talking and listening skills.
We are launching a major redevelopment of CREST Star Investigators to expand the reach and accessibility of the scheme and ensure its future, however we still have a £26,000 shortfall. Your contribution will help us achieve our aim to reach 500 new primary schools a year and to ensure that ALL primary school children have access to the scheme whatever their background and wherever in the UK they are.
The primary school years are crucial in developing a pupil's long-term interest in science. It is during the primary years that children's attitudes to science are nurtured, and later carried over into secondary school and adulthood. With your support the CREST Star Investigators scheme will reach thousands more children.
- Make a one-off donation or set up a regular donation through justgiving.
- Donate by post. Download a British Science Association donation form.


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To use FILESTREAM feature both Windows administrator and SQL Server administrator have to enable it. While enabling from Windows there are three options to choose from:
- Enable FILESTREAM for Transact-SQL Access check box.
- Enable FILESTREAM for file I/O streaming access. This is to read and write FILESTREAM data from Windows. Enter the name of the Windows share in the Windows Share Name box.
- Select Allow remote clients to have streaming access to FILESTREAM data. This is to let remote clients access the FILESTREAM data stored on this share.
For SQL Server instance there are three options to choose from:
- 0 – Disable FILESTREAM support for this instance
- 1 – enable FILESTREAM for Transact-SQL access only
- 2 – enable FILESTREAM for Transact-SQL and Win32 streaming access
Note that FILESTREAM would perform worse for 1MB+ size files for full read/write if Transact-SQL is chosen (and Win32 streaming is not chosen) than no FILESTREAM BLOB.
Now that FILESTREAM is enabled, we can go ahead to do the rest of the setups.
First, create a file group to keep the FILESTREAM data. There is a 1:1 mapping between data containers and file groups.
ALTER DATABASE MyDatabase ADD FILEGROUP MyFileStreamGroup1 CONTAINS FILESTREAM;
Second, define data container. In the below example, "D:\Production" must exist already. "D:\Production\FileStreamDataContainerRoot" is going to be the root of the data container.
ALTER DATABASE MyDatabase ADD FILE ( NAME = FileStreamGroup1File, FILENAME = 'D:\Production\FileStreamDataContainerRoot') TO FILEGROUP MyFileStreamGroup1 ;
Third, create a table with a FILESTREAM column. All FILESTREAM columns of a table must go to a single FILESTREAM group that can be specified, defaulting to default FILESTREAM filegroup. Table must have a column of the non-null uniqueidentifier data type with ROWGUIDCOL attribute and either a UNIQUE or PRIMARY KEY single-column constraint. FILESTREAM data container will have a directory for a table with subdirectory corresponding to the FILESTREAM column of the table.
USE MyDatabase ; GO CREATE TABLE TableWithFileStreamColumn ( DocumentID INT IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY, Document VARBINARY (MAX) FILESTREAM NULL, DocGUID UNIQUEIDENTIFIER NOT NULL ROWGUIDCOL UNIQUE DEFAULT NEWID ()) FILESTREAM_ON MyFileStreamGroup1;


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We investigate microscopic structures of octupole correlations at high spin in superdeformed open-shell nuclei in the Gd-Dy region, using the random-phase approximation (RPA) based on the cranked shell model. The result of our calculation indicates that constructive interplay between rotation-aligned particle-hole (or two-quasiparticle) excitations and octupole vibra-tions is very important in determining octupole softness of superdeformed bands.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
- Mathematical Physics
- Condensed Matter Physics


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Unique pilot for future travel surveys
In the autumn of 2017, a unique pilot for future travel survey data collection methods is being conducted in Gothenburg. The pilot is running concurrently to a traditional travel survey. The aim of the pilot is to obtain a better understanding of how future travel surveys can be performed, by comparing different data collection methods that run in parallel.
Why travel surveys?
In order to plan for more sustainable transport systems, we need to understand how people use them. Today almost all decisions on transport investments and policy priorities are based on travel survey data, even though today's travel survey methods deliver data that is far from optimal.
Today most people use smartphones and have internet access 24 hours a day. This has the potential to give us much better information about how the transport system is used – which in the long run leads us to design a more efficient and human-centred system.
Demonstrating new innovative data collection methods
Traditional travel surveys ask respondents to complete details of their travel in paper-based questionnaires (and sometime by phone). The respondent should remember all trips made usually over a 24-hour period, how they travelled (bus, car, walk, etc) and the distance and time of each trip. This is a major weakness: the exact distances and times are hard for people to include in their responses, and shorter trips, as well as connecting trips (for example walking to a bus stop) are often forgotten. Completing such surveys can be a burden, and many who receive questionnaires do not complete them. Additionally, due to the high cost of performing these surveys, they are often only performed every 5 years or less frequently.
– "We are testing two new tools for data collection, an online questionnaire and a travel survey app called TRavelVU that helps to collect data", says Emeli Adell at Trivector.
The two new data collection methods will be compared with the traditional travel survey (paper-based) to improve our knowledge of data quality, comparability and representativeness.
Looking at different ways of recruiting respondents
– "But it's not just new tools we're testing," Emeli continues. We also want to understand how we can recruit respondents in a different way in the future. In the pilot, we are using three different recruitment methods for the online questionnaire and the travel survey app:
- random selection of postal addresses,
- web panel, and
– We will compare which groups are represented based on the different recruitment techniques as well as response types. We want to understand which sections of the population respond to different sections as a way to understand who is represented in the data, and how this should be considered when representing a representative picture of travel.
The pilot project is a joint effort between Transport Analysis, VTI (Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute) and Trivector. The project is co-financed by the Swedish Transport Administration. It is a part of a larger project called "New solutions for future travel surveys" led by Transport Analysis.


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A Brief History of Robot Birds
Our recent post on the history of the cuckoo clock inspired some research into other examples of early, non-timekeeping robot birds. For centuries, birds–pigeons and canaries in particular–have been a popular subject for inventors and engineers experimenting with early mechanical systems and robotics. Take, for example, Bubo, the ancient clockwork owl seen in the 1981 film Clash of The Titans. Bubo was forged by Hephaestus to aid Perseus in his quest and Bubo was, of course, purely fictional. There were however, actual avian automatons in actual ancient Greece.
The earliest example dates to 350 B.C.E. when the mathematician Archytas of Tarentum, who some credit with inventing the science of mechanics, is said to have created a mechanical wooden dove capable of flapping its wings and flying up to 200 meters, powered by some sort of compressed air or internal steam engine. Archytas' invention is often cited as the first robot, and, in light of recent technological advancements, perhaps we could even consider it to be the first drone; the very first machine capable of autonomous flight. Very few details are actually known about the ancient mechanical dove, but it seems likely that it was connected to a cable and flew with the help of a pulley and counterweight. This early wind-up bird was chronicled a few hundred years later in the pages of a scientific text by a mathematician, Hero of Alexandria. - Continue reading at Smithsonian.com.
Image: Bubo the robotic owl from the 1981 film Clash of the Titans.


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What is a Tree Protection Zone
The Tree Protection Zone (TPZ) is the means by which we protect trees on development sites and should protect both roots and crown spread simultaneously. The TPZ should be considered as sacrosanct, that is it should be isolated from any construction disturbance unless previously agreed with the Project Arborist. The dimensions of the TPZ are determined from the Diameter of the Tree at Breast Height (DBH)
What is the Structural Root Zone
The Structural Root Zone (SRZ) is an area considered essential for tree stability: loss of roots in this area are likely to cause the tree to become unstable in the ground. The SRZ should only be calculated if major disturbance of the TPZ is being considered. The dimensions of the SRZ are determined from the Diameter of the Tree taken above the root flare.


and background-color to the style.
function updateStyle(elem) {
 const shadow = elem.shadowRoot;
 shadow.querySelector('style').textContent = '
 div {
 width: ${elem.getAttribute('l')}px;
 height: ${elem.getAttribute('l')}px;
 background-color: ${elem.getAttribute('c')};
The actual updates are all handled by the life cycle callbacks, which are placed inside the class definition as methods. The connectedCallback() runs each time the element is added to the DOM — here we run the updateStyle() function to make sure the square is styled as defined in its attributes:
connectedCallback() {
 console.log('Custom square element added to page.');
The disconnectedCallback() and adoptedCallback() callbacks log simple messages to the console to inform us when the element is either removed from the DOM, or moved to a different page:
disconnectedCallback() {
 console.log('Custom square element removed from page.');
adoptedCallback() {
 console.log('Custom square element moved to new page.');
The attributeChangedCallback() callback is run whenever one of the element's attributes is changed in some way. As you can see from its properties, it is possible to act on attributes individually, looking at their name, and old and new attribute values. In this case however, we are just running the updateStyle() function again to make sure that the square's style is updated as per the new values:
attributeChangedCallback(name, oldValue, newValue) {
 console.log('Custom square element attributes changed.');
Note that to get the attributeChangedCallback() callback to fire when an attribute changes, you have to observe the attributes. This is done by specifying a static get observedAttributes() method inside custom element class - this should return an array containing the names of the attributes you want to observe:
static get observedAttributes() { return ['c', 'l']; }
This is placed right at the top of the constructor, in our example.
Note: Find the full JavaScript source here.
Transpilers vs. classes
Please note that ES2015 classes cannot reliably be transpiled in Babel 6 or TypeScript targeting legacy browsers. You can either use Babel 7 or the babel-plugin-transform-builtin-classes for Babel 6, and target ES2015 in TypeScript instead of legacy.
There are several libraries that are built on Web Components with the aim of increasing the level of abstraction when creating custom elements. Some of these libraries are FASTElement, snuggsi, X-Tag, Slim.js, Lit, Smart, Stencil, hyperHTML-Element, and DataFormsJS.