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 Understanding MidiBridge
This is a guide aimed at providing some understanding about MidiBridge (and CoreMIDI) and how to use that knowledge to your advantage to interconnect apps, hardware and network sessions. Once the basics are covered, some step-by-step recipes for connecting up less obvious situations are provided.
Don't forget to turn on the 'Run in Background' option in the MidiBridge Preferences panel. This is off by default (and purposefully as we want the user to consciously be aware that they are allowing MidiBridge to keep on runnin' in the background)
The above applies to MidiBridge 1.3 and earlier. As of version 1.4, background processing is on by default (with a 15 minute idle timeout). The idle timeout value can be changed in the Options tab of the Preferences page. Setting it to 0 minutes turns backgrounding off completely.
First a little about CoreMIDI - port advertising
When an app runs it can register virtual ports in CoreMIDI that can be seen by other apps and on which other apps can send or receive events. There are two types of virtual ports (also known as endpoints) - sources and destinations. An app doesn't have to advertise its own virtual ports. It may choose to use the virtual ports of other apps instead. Here's something to remember:
Just because an app doesn't advertise any ports of its own doesn't mean that it can't be controlled via MidiBridge!
It just won't show up in:
The Interface Tab - Sources to the left of you, destinations to the right
This is the main tab in MidiBridge and from where you create connections between sources (inputs) and destinations (outputs). These ports are usually (but not always) in pairs and are one of the following type:
 - A physical device port, like Midi Mobilizer I, SynthStation25...
 - A CoreMIDI physical device port, like Midi Mobilizer II, iRig MIDI...
 - The CoreMIDI network port (send/receive over wifi)
 - MidiBridge's own virtual input/output ports that it advertises
 - Virtual input/output ports advertised by other apps
MidiBridge can route events from any of these types to any other type, but the routing must be between a source and a destination from MidiBridge's point of view.
To connect source A to destinations B and C, you touch input/source port A on the left and then touch B and C on the right and green lines will be drawn between them to show they are connected. Touch port A again to tell MidiBridge you're done interconnecting to that port.
Here's a screenshot of MidiBridge with just about every type of port, connection and option set:
The above screenshot shows the following:
 - A CoreMIDI network session is active (CoreMIDI Net in is yellow and the badge '1' on the Interfaces tab button is shown)
 - Arctic Keys is up and running (Arctic Keys virtual ports shown)
 - Midi Mobilizer I is present and a filter on its input is active (Midi Mobilizer ports shown and 'On' badge over filter button displayed on input port)
 - MidiBridge's own virtual ports have been created and any events received from another app on the port MidiBridge will be passed to MidiBridge's own output (that other apps could be listening to) and the Midi Mobilizer's output. (Green lines going from MidiBridge to MidiBridge & Midi Mobilizer)
 - Both MidiBridge and Arctic Keys ports are virtual ports (V-Cable symbol in port)
 - Events received from the Midi Mobilizer's input will be sent to Arctic Keys and the Network session. (Grey lines running from Midi Mobilizer in to CoreMIDI net out and Arctic Keys out - they're grey, because currently the MidiBridge input port is selected for connection)
 - You can fast switch straight to Arctic Keys by double tapping either its input or output port (Green double arrow in port)
 - The Fast-switchable Applications Panel (As of version 1.4, this panel has been renamed from 'Compatible Applications') tells you that both Arctic Keys and MidiVision are installed on this device, but Loopy, NLog and ThumbJam are not (can't afford them). Touching Arctic Keys on the App Panel will fast-switch to Arctic Keys (since we know that is running). Touching MidiVision on the App Panel will launch MidiVision (not currently running, but installed). Touching any of the other apps in the App Panel (the unticked ones) will redirect you to the App Store to see if this app is of any interest to you. IMPORTANT: The Fast-switchable Applications panel is for fast-switching compatibility only. It is not an indicator of an app's MIDI connectivity.
 - The App Panel can be dragged around the screen using the top bar of the panel. It can be dismissed by either pressing the 'X' at the top of the panel or touching the 'Applications' tab that has a badge marked 'X'.
To summarise:
An input from MidiBridge's view is a source of MIDI events from other apps, physical devices or the CoreMIDI network.
An output from MidiBridge's view is a destination that MIDI events can be sent to and can be other apps, physical interfaces or the CoreMIDI network.
Connecting different kinds of apps
Apps can either generate MIDI events, receive MIDI events or do both.
Apps fall into one or more of the following categories:
 1. The app advertises its own virtual destination and accepts input from it. Examples: Animoog and Sunrizer.
 2. The app advertises its own virtual source and writes events to it. Examples: Genome
 3. The app doesn't advertise anything, but will read from all sources in the system, Example: Gadget, GarageBand
 4. The app doesn't advertise anything, but will write to all destinations in the system. Example: SoundPrism Pro
 5. The app only supports CoreMIDI networking (don't know of a current example, but early versions of Genome were like this and possibly NanoStudio)
 6. The app advertises both a source and destination and reads/writes to those. Examples: Arctic Keys, NLog
Categories 1,2 and 6 are easy. You just connect your desired source/destination to the app's virtual port in MidiBridge and away you go. You may need to tweak something in the other app to tell it you want it to accept/send MIDI on its virtual ports (and tell it to continue working in the background).
Category 3 apps will not show up as a separate port in MidiBridge, but will read from MidiBridge's virtual output. To control these types of apps, just connect your desired source to the MidiBridge destination.
Category 4 apps are the reverse of category 3. They don't show up in MidiBridge but to use them as sources, you connect MidiBridge's virtual source(input) to the destination you want the events to go to.
Finally, category 5 apps require a little trick to make them work. In MidiBridge prefs, enter the word 'localhost' (without quotes) in the CoreMIDI Network Destination field and press the Connect button. You can also choose 'Connect Automatically' to re-start the connection when MidiBridge launches. Essentially you are hi-jacking the CoreMIDI network to run like a virtual port. To send events to the app that supports CoreMIDI network, you connect a source to the CoreMIDI net destination. Vice-versa for receiving events into MidiBridge from a category 5 app.
Application start/connect order
Now you know how to interconnect different types of apps, what about the order in which you launch the apps? It all depends upon when each app refreshes its view of the CoreMIDI world.
MidiBridge for example refreshes its view when it starts, when it is returned from the background, when a physical device is connected/removed, when a virtual port appears/disappears and when a CoreMIDI network session starts/stops. Basically all the time. What's more is that it will automatically re-establish any prior connections that you had set for that port. So far, so good.
Other apps may not refresh their view so much (some just at launch or need the user to manually refresh), so these are the rules of thumb when setting up your connections:
 1. Launch MidiBridge first, so that its virtual ports are available if need be.
 2. Launch category 3 apps (SampleTank, Sunrizer XS) so that they add MidiBridge's virtual destination to the list of ports they'll receive events on.
 3. Launch category 4 apps (SoundPrism Pro) so that they add MidiBridge's virtual source to the list of ports they'll send events to.
 4. Launch any other apps that advertise their own inputs or outputs.
 5. Return to MidiBridge and make the connections (if you need to)
Unfortunately the world isn't perfect and sometimes even these rules are not enough. If it doesn't work, you may need to switch to certain apps as well to re-invogorate their engines. It's not exact and some trial and error may be involved.
Giving NanoStudio a virtual input
Sorry, as of Nanostudio 1.33, this trick no longer works. We have been in touch with Blip Interactive and hopefully will be able to work something out.
With a little trickery it is possible to use MidiBridge to give NanoStudio a virtual input so that it can be fed MIDI events from


text:
Activate your device with BlackBerry Enterprise Server for Microsoft Exchange Server
You can also activate your device with the BlackBerry Enterprise Server when you set up your device with the BlackBerry® Desktop Software. If you use the BlackBerry Desktop Software to switch to a new BlackBerry device, your activation settings are copied to your new device.
For more information about the following settings, contact your administrator.
- Connect your device to your computer that is part of your corporate network.
- In the BlackBerry Desktop Software, click Device > Device options.
- Click the Enterprise Email tab.
- In the Email system drop-down list, click Microsoft Exchange (Outlook Client).
- Do one of the following:
- Do any of the following optional steps:
- To add the name of your email account on your device, type the name in the Service name field.
- To include a signature in your outgoing email messages, type a signature in the Email signature field.
- To save copies of the email messages from your device to the Sent Items folder in your Microsoft Outlook email account, select the Save sent emails check box.
- Click OK.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Definition of Prebasal
1. situated in front of a base [adj]
Click the following link to bring up a new window with an automated collection of images related to the term: Prebasal Images
Lexicographical Neighbors of Prebasal
Literary usage of Prebasal
Below you will find example usage of this term as found in modern and/or classical literature:
1. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (1905)
"prebasal plate not exposed. a!.—Ventral pores not existing on segments beyond the... prebasal plate exposed at the middle, the basal plate being a little..."
2. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History by American Museum of Natural History (1914)
"The femora; with apreapical and the tibia; with a prebasal and apical fuscous band, with close set fine hairs underneath on the venter and on antenna? and..."
3. The Myology of the Raven (Corvus Corax Sinuatus.): A Guide to the Study of by Robert Wilson Shufeldt (1890)
"Here, in the subject before us, a special slip is thrown off for attachment from the deep flexor tendon as it passes over the prebasal joint in question,..."
4. The Myriapoda of North America by Charles Harvey Bollman (1893)
"Coxal pores one, concealed ; prebasal plate concealed ; coxa of... prebasal plate concealed; anterior coxal pore hidden by ventral plate;..."
5. Bulletin by United States National Museum, Smithsonian Institution (1893)
"Coxal pores one, concealed ; prebasal plate concealed ; coxa of... prebasal plate concealed: anterior coxal poro hidden by ventral plate;..."
6. The Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales by Linnean Society of New South Wales (1884)
"The prebasal ridge of d4 is developed on its outer two-thirds only, and is connected with the anterior lobe by a minute link. The anterior lobe, like all..."
7. The Butterflies of the Eastern United States and Canada: With Special by Samuel Hubbard Scudder, William Morris Davis, Charles William Woodworth, Leland Ossian Howard, Charles Valentine Riley, Samuel Wendell Williston (1889)
"... series of large silvery or buff spots ; there are also infra-mesial and prebasal series of similar spots, the latter usually smaller than the former...."
Other Resources Relating to: Prebasal

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Nitesh Chawla, David Cieslak
Decision trees, a popular choice for classification, have their limitation in providing good quality probability estimates. Typically, smoothing methods such as Laplace or m-estimate are applied at the decision tree leaves to overcome the systematic bias introduced by the frequency-based estimates. An ensemble of decision trees has also been shown to help in reducing the bias and variance in the leaf estimates, resulting in better calibrated probabilistic predictions. In this work, we evaluate the calibration or quality of these estimates using various loss measures. We also examine the relationship between the quality of such estimates and resulting rank-ordering of test instances. Our results quantify the impact of smoothing in terms of the loss measures, and the coupled relationship with the AUC measure.
Subjects: 12. Machine Learning and Discovery; 15.6 Decision Trees
Submitted: May 25, 2006


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If you have changed your Google account password, your Google apps like Gmail and Calendar will no longer be able to sync with your account. Follow these steps to change the Google password on your Android device.
- Open "Settings".
- Select "Accounts".
- Select "Google".
- Tap the "Menu" icon located at the upper-right corner of the screen.
- Choose "Sync now".
- You should receive a notification that says "Account Action Required". Swipe down the notification bar, then select that notification.
You will now be walked through entering your new password.
This tutorial applies to Android OS Lollipop.


the umpire. The back judge ensures that the defensive team has no more than 11 players on the field and determines whether catches are legal, whether field goal or extra point attempts are good, and whether a pass interference violation occurred. The back judge is also responsible for the play clock, the time between each play, when a visible play clock is not used.
 - The head linesman/down judge is positioned on one end of the line of scrimmage. The head linesman/down judge watches for any line-of-scrimmage and illegal use-of-hands violations and assists the line judge with illegal shift or illegal motion calls. The head linesman/down judge also rules on out-of-bounds calls that happen on their side of the field, oversees the chain crew and marks the forward progress of a runner when a play has been whistled dead.
 - The side judge is positioned twenty yards downfield of the head linesman. The side judge mainly duplicates the functions of the field judge. On field goal and extra point attempts, the side judge is positioned lateral to the umpire.
 - The line judge is positioned on the end of the line of scrimmage, opposite the head linesman. They supervise player substitutions, the line of scrimmage during punts, and game timing. The line judge notifies the referee when time has expired at the end of a quarter and notifies the head coach of the home team when five minutes remain for halftime. In the NFL, the line judge also alerts the referee when two minutes remain in the half. If the clock malfunctions or becomes inoperable, the line judge becomes the official timekeeper.
 - The field judge is positioned twenty yards downfield from the line judge. The field judge monitors and controls the play clock, counts the number of defensive players on the field and watches for offensive pass interference and illegal use-of-hands violations by offensive players. The field judge also makes decisions regarding catches, recoveries, the ball spot when a player goes out of bounds, and illegal touching of fumbled balls that have crossed the line of scrimmage. On field goal and extra point attempts, the field judge is stationed under the upright opposite the back judge.
 - The center judge is an eighth official used only in the top level of college football. The center judge stands lateral to the referee, the same way the umpire does in the NFL. The center judge is responsible for spotting the football after each play and has many of the same responsibilities as the referee, except announcing penalties.
Safety and brain health
Football is a full-contact sport, and injuries are relatively common. Most injuries occur during training sessions, particularly ones that involve contact between players.[113] To try to prevent injuries, players are required to wear a set of equipment. At a minimum players must wear a football helmet and a set of shoulder pads, but individual leagues may require additional padding such as thigh pads and guards, knee pads, chest protectors, and mouthguards.[114][115][116] Most injuries occur in the lower extremities, particularly in the knee, but a significant number also affect the upper extremities. The most common types of injuries are strains, sprains, bruises, fractures, dislocations, and concussions.[113]
Repeated concussions (and possibly sub-concussive head impacts[117]) can increase a person's risk in later life for CTE (chronic traumatic encephalopathy) and mental health issues such as dementia, Parkinson's disease, and depression.[118] Concussions are often caused by helmet-to-helmet or upper-body contact between opposing players, although helmets have prevented more serious injuries such as skull fractures.[119] Various programs are aiming to reduce concussions by reducing the frequency of helmet-to-helmet hits; USA Football's "Heads Up Football" program aims to reduce concussions in youth football by teaching coaches and players about the signs of a concussion, the proper way to wear football equipment and ensure it fits, and proper tackling methods that avoid helmet-to-helmet contact.[120] However, a study in the Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine found that Heads Up Football was ineffective; the same study noted that more extensive reforms implemented by Pop Warner Little Scholars and its member teams were effective in significantly reducing concussion rates.[121]
A 2018 study performed by the VA Boston Healthcare System and the Boston University School of Medicine found that tackle football before age 12 was correlated with earlier onset of symptoms of CTE, but not with symptom severity. More specifically, each year a player played tackle football under age 12 predicted earlier onset of cognitive, behavioral, and mood problems by an average of two and a half years.[122][123][124]
Leagues and tournaments
The National Football League (NFL) and the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) are the most popular football leagues in the United States.[125] The National Football League was founded in 1920[126] and has since become the largest and most popular sport in the United States.[127] The NFL has the highest average attendance of any sporting league in the world, with an average attendance of 66,960 during the 2011 NFL season.[128] The NFL championship game is called the Super Bowl, and is among the biggest events in club sports worldwide.[129] It is played between the champions of the National Football Conference (NFC) and the American Football Conference (AFC), and its winner is awarded the Vince Lombardi Trophy.[130]
A high school football game during the first quarter
College football is the third-most popular sport in the United States, behind professional baseball and professional football.[131] The NCAA, the largest collegiate organization, is divided into three Divisions: Division I, Division II and Division III.[132] Division I football is further divided into two subdivisions: the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) and the Football Championship Subdivision (FCS).[133] The champions of each level of play are determined through NCAA-sanctioned playoff systems; while the champion of Division I-FBS was historically determined by various polls and ranking systems, the subdivision adopted a four-team playoff system in 2014.[134]
Other professional leagues
Several professional football leagues have been formed outside the auspices of the NFL. One such league, the XFL, is currently operating as of 2020.[137]
Rival leagues
The most successful league to directly compete with the NFL was the American Football League (AFL), which existed from 1960 to 1969. The AFL became a significant rival in 1964 before signing a five-year, US$36 million television deal with NBC. AFL teams began signing NFL players to contracts, and the league's popularity grew to challenge that of the NFL. The two leagues merged in the 1970 season, and all the AFL teams joined the NFL. An earlier league, the All-America Football Conference (AAFC), was in play from 1946 to 1949. After it had dissolved, two AAFC teams, the Cleveland Browns and the San Francisco 49ers, became members of the NFL; another member, the Baltimore Colts joined the league, but folded after just a year in the NFL.[138]
Other attempts to start rival leagues since the AFL merged with the NFL in 1970 have been far less successful, as professional football salaries and the NFL's television contracts began to escalate out of the reach of competitors and the NFL covered more of the larger cities. The World Football League (WFL) played for two seasons, in 1974 and 1975, but faced such severe monetary issues it could not pay its players. In its second and final season the WFL attempted to establish a stable credit rating, but the league disbanded before the season could be completed.[139] The United States Football League (USFL) operated for three seasons from 1983 to 1985. Originally not intended as a rival league, the entry of owners who sought marquee talent and to challenge the NFL led to an escalation in salaries and ensuing financial losses. A subsequent US$1.5 billion antitrust lawsuit against the NFL was successful in court, but the league was awarded only $1 in damages, which was automatically tripled to $3 under antitrust law.[140]
Complementary national leagues
The original XFL was created in 2001 by Vince McMahon and lasted for only one season. Despite television contracts with NBC and UPN, and high expectations, the XFL suffered from low quality of play and poor reception for its use of tawdry professional wrestling gimmicks, which caused initially high ratings and attendance to collapse.[141] (The current XFL, also owned by McMahon, does not include those gimmicks.) The United Football League (UFL) began in 2009 but folded after suspending its 2012 season amid declining interest and lack of major television coverage.[142] The Alliance of American Football lasted less than one season, unable to keep investors.[143]
International play
American football leagues exist throughout the world, but the game has yet to achieve the international success and popularity of baseball and basketball.[144] It is not an Olympic sport, but it was a demonstration sport at the 1932 Summer Olympics.[1] At the international level, Canada, Mexico, and Japan are considered to be second-tier, while Austria, Germany, and France would rank among a third tier. These countries rank far below the United States, which is dominant at the international level.[145]
NFL Europa, the developmental league of the NFL, operated from 1991 to 1992 and then from 1995 to 2007. At the time of its closure, NFL Europa had five teams based in Germany and one in the Netherlands.[146] In Germany, the German Football League (GFL) has 16 teams


text:
Elsewhere on DAFF
The Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (DAFF) leads the Australian Government in minimising the impact of pests, diseases and contaminants on Australian agriculture, fisheries, forestry and the environment. These outcomes are achieved by working with stakeholders in peace time to develop and test emergency response plans. In actual, real-life pest and disease outbreaks, DAFF has a lead role in the response by coordinating resources, operational and technical support as well as public information.
DAFF coordinates national activities to ensure a comprehensive, consistent and informed approach to preparedness and response activities for agricultural critical incidents and participates in a number of high-level committees and taskforces.
Emergency Response Plans
DAFF assists in the development of sector specific response plans such as:
Information during a biosecurity incident
Communication plays a large part in the response to, and recovery from, a biosecurity incident. Read more about the national arrangements that are place to make sure industry and the public is kept informed during a biosecurity incident.
BioSIRT (Biosecurity Surveillance Incident Response and Tracing) is a spatial and textual, web based software application that has been developed to enable better management of information and resources in emergency responses across animal or plant diseases, pests and incursions.
DAFF also conducts and participates in training activities and simulation exercises which have included:
Also see the information on the Rapid Response Team (RRT).
DAFF works closely with many government agencies and industry groups to ensure a unified approach to animal, plant or food safety emergencies.
Some of our partners include:
- Australian Government agencies
- State and Territory agricultural departments
- Animal Health Australia
- Plant Health Australia
- Meat & Livestock Australia
- Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority
- Fisheries Research & Development Corporation
If you would like to know more about DAFF's role or our approach to pest and disease emergencies, email the Biosecurity Emergency Management Unit in DAFF.
21 Nov 2012


text:
Info on the web about Moko Mokai
April 7th, 2000
Aussie Museum To Return Maori Heads
WELLINGTON, New Zealand (AP) - An Australian museum
has agreed to return five tattooed and preserved Maori heads to New
Zealand, a spokesman said Thursday. The return of the heads from the
South Australian Museum in Adelaide later this month marks another
milestone in an ongoing campaign to repatriate all the tattooed heads
of Maori from museums and galleries round the world. Maori, the original
inhabitants of New Zealand, preserved the heads of their dead through
a drying process and often kept the heads of their loved ones around
the home. The South Australian Museum will hand over the heads - known
as ''moko mokai'' -on long-term loan at a ceremony on April 17. The
heads will be held by Te Papa, the Museum of New Zealand, in Wellington,
where dozens of other repatriated heads are stored. The largest collection
outside New Zealand, numbering 35 heads, is at New York's American
Museum of Natural History. Moko Mokai Education Trust spokesman Dalvanius
Prime said final negotiations were under way for the return of the
American Museum of Natural History's collection, and the heads should
be repatriated early next year. Prime also said the tattooed and preserved
head of a white New Zealander was secretly repatriated from Australia
in February and buried on land alongside the Whanganui River 160 miles
north of Wellington. Though Maori often kept the heads of their loved
ones, enemies or slaves were not so revered. Many Maori traded their
tattooed heads for European goods like muskets, meaning many heads
are now in museums around the world.
Preserved Maori heads traded by major-general
The first recorded sale of Maori mokomokai was in 1770,
says a history written by a chief trader and collector, British Army
Major-General Horatio Gordon Robley.
His book, published in 1896, Moko; or Maori Tattooing says Maori head
preservers steamed then carefully dried the body parts. Some heads
received further tattoos after death.
Robley said even dried Maori heads with few lines of moko were valuable,
as were "occasional specimens of dried European heads."
The trade ended "as far as possible" in the 1830s, with
most heads obtained in the last 20 years.
He said: "They are works of art; and it's value is subject to
all the vicissitudes that affect the value of other works of art.
"They are all very scarce and the number in private hands (as
distinct from Museum ownership) is very few."
The Major-General, who dedicated his book: "To those who have
served against the warriors of New Zealand",said among heads
in Museum collections were six at the Paris Museum d'Histoire Naturelle,
including a skin mounted on a plaster cast.
Two more were at the Berlin Konigliches Museum fur Volkekunde, one
fitted with glass eyes. This is pictured mounted on a metal pole with
a feather earring. Another four were in Plymouth, England.
He also mentions heads in Museums at Christchurch, Auckland, Sydney,
Gottingen, Germany and at the Royal College of Surgeons, London.
The Museum of New Zealand said last week it has mokomokai in it's
collection but they were not on display. It refused to supply Sunday
News with photographs of the heads because of the sensitivity of the
The many desperate tribes without the much-needed muskets to defend
themselves soon found a way of obtaining these weapons. The European
traders were more than willing to trade muskets for embalmed tattooed
heads. In war, the Maori custom was to take the heads of their victims,
embalm and preserve them, and then present the heads to the family
of the killed warrior. Because of the lucrative trade in dried heads,
with muskets as the end goal, Maori warriors began leading skirmishes
against other tribes uniquely to gain heads for ammunition. Muskets
were always available, but heads began to run short, and soon the
Maori found himself unable to continue supplying dried heads as previously.
News of the head for musket trade reached Britain, and caused an outcry.
As New Zealand was not yet a colony the British were unable to do
much to stop this trade. They were, however, able to pass a law against
the trading of heads to Australia in 1831, and after this date head
trading dwindled rapidly.Hongi Hika died in 1828, following a bullet
wound incurred during a battle in the Hokianga area.


A Comparison of Drivers for Azure Cosmos DB
The metrics in this article are from the most up-to-date drivers available as of July 2019.
In this article, we compare the performance of the CData ODBC Driver for Cosmos DB to the equivalent native driver, looking at two measures.
First, we compare read performance, measuring the amount of time it takes to query an Azure Cosmos DB instance for data and process the result set in some way. We find that the CData Driver is at least three times faster than the native driver.
Next, we compare the resource usage of each driver for read queries, focusing on CPU and network usage. This is used to explain the underlying cause of better performance from the CData Driver. We further extend this test to see how both drivers scale as more server resources are added to CosmosDB (by configuring Read Units (RUs) in Azure Cosmos DB settings).
The Data
In order to provide a reproducible comparison, we copied the sample restaurants dataset made publicly available by MongoDB, Inc, repeating the dataset until we built a database with 10 million records. The relevant details for the table queried are below:
Table Number of Rows
restaurants 10,000,000
ODBC Driver Read Performance
First, we tested the related performance of the drivers by running the same two queries for each driver:
 1. SELECT * FROM restaurants LIMIT 25000
 2. SELECT * FROM restaurants
To simulate actual processing of the data from Cosmos DB, we read the values of every field in each row. The times required for each product to process the results are in the table below.
ODBC Query Times by Company (in milliseconds)
Rows Queried CData Software Native
25,000 1,441 (+382%) 6,945
10,000,000 437,526 (+203%) 1,325,441
As you can see in the results, the CData ODBC Driver handled large result sets significantly faster than the native driver, processing the largest dataset three times faster.
ODBC Driver Resource Usage
After testing the read performance, we decided to run a separate test to measure and compare resource usage, looking specifically at network and CPU usage. The charts below were found by running a sample C program and using Windows Resource Monitor (we ran two instances of Resource Monitor so we could capture the CPU usage and network usage simultaneously). For the resource usage test, we looked at two separate use cases, based on allocated Read Units (RUs) in Azure Cosmos DB. We limited the results to 2.5 million rows.
1. Querying a Large Number of Rows with Minimum RUs
For the initial comparison, we ran a query for a large number of rows, with the minimum number of RUs (400) in Cosmos DB: SELECT * FROM restaurants LIMIT _PHONE_
CData Driver
Native Driver*
* Note the change in scale for the Network graph.
From the graphs above, we can see that when the RUs are set to the minimum, both drivers retrieve data and then pause in the retrieval, due to rate limiting based on the allocated RUs. However, the CData Driver appears to process the data while retrieving it, whereas the native driver appears to retrieve the data and then process it. Additionally, with the minimum RUs set, the CData Driver peaks at pulling data in between 30 and 40 Mbps, where the native driver peaks between six and seven Mbps (note the scale change for the native driver). The higher rate of data retrieval indicates that the CData Driver is making better use of the network bandwidth and results in faster query processing times for the CData Driver.
2. Querying a Large Number of Rows with High RUs
For the second comparison, we ran a query for a large number of rows, with high RUs in Cosmos DB: SELECT * FROM restaurants LIMIT 25000000
CData Driver
Native Driver*
* Note the change in scale for the Network graph.
When we set the RUs to a higher value (3500), the performance of the CData Driver improves dramatically and the differences in how each driver utilizes available resources become more pronounced. Based on the graph, the CData Driver maintains the pattern of retrieving and processing the data simultaneously but is retrieving much more data per second (around 70 Mbps), fully utilizing the allocated RUs. The native driver sees little-to-no improvement in performance with higher RUs, continuing the pattern of first retrieving the data and then processing the data separately. The native driver retrieves the data at the same rate (around 7 Mbps) as when the RUs were set to the minimum value, showing no indication of utilizing the allocated RUs.
The CData Software driver regularly proves to be faster than the native driver, particularly when dealing with large data sets and with a high RU allocation. Our developers have spent countless hours optimizing the performance in requesting data and processing the results returned by the Cosmos DB database, capitalizing on the RUs allocated to a system. This engineering means you get the best performance possible based on your allocated RUs. Download a free, 30-day trial of any of our Cosmos DB drivers and experience the CData difference for yourself.
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text:
PEI 4-H Fast Facts
- 4-H began in Canada in 1913 in Roland, Manitoba
- 4-H began on PEI in 1918
- 4-H was known as "Boys and Girls Clubs" until 1952
- The 4-H motto, "Learn to do by doing", was adopted in 1952
- 4-H PEI has a history book called, "Rural Roots".
- The first 4-H clubs on PEI were:
- Teach practical business methods, feeding, exhibiting, selling, and to instill a love for animals.
- Gave members a means of contributing to food production while earning money
- First clubs were in Central Lot 16, Tryon, Hillsborou, and Morell.
- Similar goals of inspiring young producers, increasing efficiency, and proper management.
- First clubs were in Charlottetown, Eldon, Hillsboro, Morell, Mt. Stewart, O'Leary, St. Georges, St. Peter's, St. Teresa, Tyne Valley, Tryon and Uigg.
- The Women's Institute developed projects in home economics in 1933
- The five 4-H Districts were established in 1970
- There have been four Presidents of the Canadian 4-H Council from PEI:
1942, 52 – Stewart Wright
1975 – Dale Dewar
1987 - Gwyneth Jones
2000 – John J. MacDonald
4-H Brand and Logo
- 4-H emblem is a four leaf clover with a capital "H" inscribed on each leaf and the word 'Canada' forming the base or banner.
- The official 4-H colors in Canada are green and white. Green is symbolic of agriculture and youth. White is symbolic of purity.
- The 4-H Mascot is Frisco the Fox
- The 4-H Pledge, recited at the beginning of most 4-H events, is:
I pledge:My head to clearer thinking,
My heart to greater loyalty,
My hands to larger service, and my
Health to better living,
For my club, my community, and my country.
4-H PEI Stats
- On Prince Edward Island there are currently:
- 570 members
- 250 leaders
- 23 clubs
- In 2012/13, the top 4-H project was dairy.
- One third of 4-H members identify as living on a farm.
- The longest continuous 4-H Club on PEI is the Freetown Harmony 4-H club: 85 years and counting!


Order of Calatrava
Order of Calatrava, in full Military Order of Calatrava, Spanish Orden Militar de Calatrava, major military and religious order in Spain. The order was originated in 1158 when King Sancho III of Castile ceded the fortress of Calatrava to Raymond, abbot of the Cistercian monastery of Fitero, with instructions to defend it against the Moors. The order of knights and monks who defended the fort was formally recognized by the pope in 1164, and it became closely affiliated with the Cistercian abbey of Morimond in 1187.


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Definition of Satureia montana
1. Noun. Erect perennial subshrub having pink or white flowers and leathery leaves with a flavor of thyme; southern Europe.
Terms within: Winter Savory, Winter Savoury
Generic synonyms: Savory
Satureia Montana Pictures
Click the following link to bring up a new window with an automated collection of images related to the term: Satureia Montana Images
Lexicographical Neighbors of Satureia Montana
Literary usage of Satureia montana
Below you will find example usage of this term as found in modern and/or classical literature:
1. The New International Encyclopædia edited by Daniel Coit Gilman, Harry Thurston Peck, Frank Moore Colby (1904)
"Winter savory (Satureia montana), a sub-shrub with prickly pointed leaves and larger flowers, is used in the same way. Summer savory is propagated by seed..."
2. The Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture: A Discussion for the Amateur, and by Liberty Hyde Bailey (1914)
"Savory* Winter (Satureia montana). Labiate. Perennial. Uses: Seasoning. Propagated by seeds, cuttings, layers and division...."
3. Old-fashioned Gardening: A History and a Reconstruction by Grace Tabor (1913)
"... officinalis Marjoram Origanum vulgare (perennial) Origanum Majorana (annual) Savory Satureia montana (winter; perennial) Satureia hortensis (summer;..."


text: This study investigates the relationship between gender and participation in mathematics and engineering undergraduate degree programmes in Iran. The number of female students enrolling in Iranian Higher Education (HE) is relatively high and this remains the case in mathematics and most engineering programmes. However, the number of female graduates gaining employment in engineering and STEM-[science, technology, engineering and mathematics] related jobs in Iran remains relatively low, with gender discrimination in recruitment practices identified as a key barrier. This presents a contradiction which makes Iran a particularly interesting context to study gender in mathematics and engineering in HE. This study adopts a narrative inquiry approach to investigate how Iranian female students studying mathematics and engineering describe their choice of subject, experience of studying at university, and their future aspirations. It seeks to investigate how the social, cultural and historical structures of Iranian society shape the way these students narrate their identity as a mathematics or engineering student. In-depth analysis highlights how they position their degree as offering more or less âcapitalâ (Bourdieu) which resources their future identities of becoming successful career women in STEM-related professions. In doing so, these women feel able to navigate barriers to success by using their capital to improvise and exert agency over their future trajectories. In sum, I suggest the predominance of âmoving abroadâ as a theme across the interviews is a consequence of the aforementioned contradiction between their desire to become successful career women whilst facing gendered discrimination in the labour market.


YF S201 Arduino Water Flow Sensor Water Measurement Sensor in Pakistan
Condition: New
Availability: In Stock
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SKU: B 86,IMP50,Th20,KRT115+525
Rs.300 Rs. 375
This YF-S201 sensor sits in line with your water line and contains a pinwheel sensor to measure how much liquid has moved through it. There's an integrated magnetic hall effect sensor that outputs an electrical pulse with every revolution. The hall effect sensor is sealed from the water pipe and allows the sensor to stay safe and dry.
The sensor comes with three wires: red (5-24VDC power), black (ground) and yellow (Hall effect pulse output). By counting the pulses from the output of the sensor, you can easily calculate water flow. Each pulse is approximately 2.25 milliliters. Note this isn't a precision sensor, and the pulse rate does vary a bit depending on the flow rate, fluid pressure and sensor orientation. It will need careful calibration if better than 10% precision is required. However, YF-S201 is great for basic measurement tasks!
We have as example Arduino sketch that can be used to quickly test the sensor, it will calculate the approximate flow of water in liters/hour. The pulse signal is a simple square wave so its quite easy to log and convert into liters per minute using the following formula. Pulse frequency (Hz) / 7.5 = flow rate in L/min.
 1. Model: YF-S201
 2. Sensor Type: Hall effect
 3. Working Voltage: 5 to 18V DC (min tested working voltage 4.5V)
 4. Max current draw: 15mA @ 5V
 5. Output Type: 5V TTL
 6. Working Flow Rate: 1 to 30 Liters/Minute
 7. Working Temperature range: -25 to +80℃
 8. Working Humidity Range: 35%-80% RH
 9. Accuracy: ±10%
 10. Maximum water pressure: 2.0 MPa
 11. Output duty cycle: 50% +-10%
 12. Output rise time: 0.04us
 13. Output fall time: 0.18us
 14. Flow rate pulse characteristics: Frequency (Hz) = 7.5 * Flow rate (L/min)
 15. Pulses per Liter: 450
 16. Durability: minimum 300,000 cycles
 17. Cable length: 15cm
 18. 1/2″ nominal pipe connections, 0.78″ outer diameter, 1/2″ of thread
 19. Size: 2.5″ x 1.4″ x 1.4″
Connection details:
 1. Red wire : +5V
 2. Black wire : GND
 3. Yellow wire : PWM output.
 1. YF-S201 Datasheet
 2. Example Code
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Khurshid Alam - March 26, 2021


FSDU Dictionary
FSDU Glossary of Terms
FSDU glossary of terms
The world of free-standing display units is full of unique words and acronyms. Most of these mean very little to the new or occasional visitor!
See below for definitions of the most common (and most confusing!) terms:
What does FSDU stand for?
Foamex and Cardboard FSDU POS Display Unit
FSDU stands for Free Standing Display Unit or Floor Standing Display Unit. The terms' usage is fairly equal; however, FREE standing display units is a slightly more common interpretation than FLOOR standing display units. Typically FSDU refers to customised cardboard display units. Occasionally, however, this term is used to refer to display stands made of other materials. Other materials used include Foamex stands, and general point of sale stand displays, as long as they are free-standing displays.
What does CDU stand for?Premium CDU with spot UV
When talking about retail displays, CDU stands for Countertop Display Unit. The acronym CDU normally refers to cardboard countertop display units. Occasionally, however, the term is also used for other tabletop or counter display units such as Perspex display units. Beware of other interpretations outside the world of cardboard display stands – _URL_ lists no less than 38 definitions for CDU, the most common being the Christian Democrats Union party in Germany! But to us, a CDU is always a countertop display unit.
What is a Pallet Wrap Display Stand?Pallet Wrap Display Stand
This is a very misleading term to someone not familiar with the point of sale industry. It is nothing to do with the plastic shrink-wrap sold by the packaging industry! Instead, it refers to a cardboard or Correx FSDU display that fits onto a standard pallet. This gives a highly mobile point-of-sale solution that is sometimes sent to the retailer fully-stocked and ready-to-go. Also, these are a great option if you need a mobile display and your budget doesn't allow display stands with wheels.
What is an Off-Fixture Display Unit?Off Fixture Display Unit
An off-fixture display is simply an FSDU or point of sale stand that stands alone apart from the permanent display fixtures in the retail outlet, e.g. isle end stands, fill-in stands, or stand-alone foyer displays and lobby displays. These are a great way to get access for your goods into major retailers, as competition for existing shelf space is high, but major retailers like Tesco, Asda, Boots, and Debenhams welcome any extra selling space you can offer them! Of course your brand enjoys more exposure as well.
What is a Dump Bin?Cardboard Catalogue Dump Bin
The rather unglamorous term 'Dumpbin' is widely used to refer to an FSDU display stand that holds brochures or catalogues or products. It is certainly nothing to do with a conventional bin! Catalogue dump-bins are typically a high-capacity unit displaying a stack of promotional literature. Catalogue dump-bins are not the same as literature display units, where smaller quantities of brochures are displayed in a more upright position. Catalogue dump bins are commonly used at exhibitions and trade counters.
Product dumpbins are typically a large fully-printed display box containing the product for sale. Product dump bins are commonly found in large retailers.
What are POP Displays and POS (Point of Sales) Display Stands?
POS Cardboard Cubes Display
Point of Sales Display Stands and Point of Purchase Display Stands
These terms tend to refer to FSDU displays that hold products for sale and are usually positioned near the checkout areas.
What is a Mop Tray?
mop tray
A mop-tray is a clear plastic tray that fits underneath an FSDU or floor-standing point of sale item to protect it from rising damp (and the cleaner's mops)! Normally only around 5cm high, occasionally higher mop-trays are recommended, particularly in environments where there are animals, such as vets waiting rooms or pet shops, to protect from other fluids!
Euro Hook ProngWhat is a Euro-hook?
A euro-hook is a standard-sized 2-prong hook that loops around at the end, designed to take products with the standard 'Euro-slot' hole. The term sometimes refers to any kind of display prong that products hang from. These work well on FSDUs. These are also widely used in general display fixtures in retail environments.
What are Shelf Edge Pricing Strips?Shelf Edge Pricing Strip
Typically a clear plastic strip designed to contain SEL (shelf edge labels) displaying pricing and product details. The labels can easily be removed and replaced to allow short term promotions and 'Promotional SEL' (Promotional Shelf Edge Labels). Fixed retail shelves often have these, as well as FSDUs. You can see a video of an FSDU for BASF below:
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text: The research paper aims to determine the relationship between organizational justice and constructive deviant behavior. Analytical and descriptive design has been adopted to determine the relationship between organizational justice and the various dimensions of deviant behaviours. The sample of the study consisted of 109 employees from the manufacturing firms. The results indicate that the attributes of organizational justice, that is, procedural, informational, and distributive justice significantly differ from the challenging constructive deviant behavior. One of the dimensions of constructive deviant behavior and interpersonal and informational justice significantly differ from the dimension of innovative and interpersonal constructive deviant behavior. The study also reveals that the experience of the employees with respect to their age, number of dependents, marital status, and designation had significant differences with both organizational justice and constructive deviant behavior, and it was also revealed that gender had significant differences with constructive deviant behavior.


Inserting Contour Data Into a Drawing
Bottom of the Page
Insert contour data into the drawing as AutoCAD polylines using the Insert to Drawing command.
In some situations, the surface keeps breakline or contour data (a list of their point coordinates), but does not associate them with an object. This may happen, for example, when you deleted an entity that the surface depends on, but the Copy Deleted Dependent Objects option on the Definition Tab (Surface Properties Dialog Box) page of the Surface Properties dialog box is set to Yes. In this case, the surface simply converts its reference from a drawing entity to a list of points defining the object's geometry.
To restore the reference to the object entity, you can insert the data associated with the deleted contour.
Inserting Contour Data Into a Drawing
Quick Reference
Toolspace Shortcut Menu
Prospector tab: Surfaces DefinitionContours right-click Insert To Drawing
Prospector tab: Surfaces DefinitionContoursright-click in list view Insert To Drawing


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OBJECTIVES: The Transtheoretical Model of behavior change (TTM) postulates that behavior change is a process involving progress through five distinct stages of change (SOC). One of the key components for progress to a later stage is decisional balance (pros and cons of changing to the target behavior). The goal of the present study is to test the two dimensions of decisional balance as postulated in the TTM in the context of exercising behavior.
METHODS: The analyses are based on data from an online survey of 266 freshman students at the University of Zurich; participants self-reported their frequency of exercising and their weighing of the importance of 49 pros and cons of exercising.
RESULTS: The results indicate that a two-dimensional solution of decisional balance is insufficient. The analysis of pros and cons of exercising yielded a seven-factor solution with in part different progressions through the SOC.
CONCLUSIONS: With the subdivision into different pros and cons, intervention programs can be developed that better match the needs of participants in terms of fostering and decreasing the most important pros and cons of exercising.


Dividing songs
 You can divide one song into two songs.
 2. Click [] for a song that you want to divide in the content list, and then select [Edit song] – [Divide…].
 The [Divide] screen will be displayed and playback of the selected song will start.
 3. Decide the position from which divide the song by moving the [Step 1] slider, and click [Division points].
 Rehearsal playback will repeat from the position where you selected [Division points].
 If you want to reset the dividing position, click [Retry].
 4. Make fine adjustments to the dividing position by moving the [Step 2] slider.
 To adjust the dividing position, drag the playback position slider to the left or right, or click [-] or [+].
 - The actual dividing position may shift slightly from the set dividing position.
 5. Click [Divide].
 The song will be divided.
 "_1" will be added to the end of the title for the first half of the divided song. "_2" will be added to the end of the title for the second half of the divided song. Change the song title if necessary.


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And become a Defender of Wildlife
Animal Planet Mountain Goat Fact Sheet
Height: Males up to 3.5 feet; females are smaller.Length: Males up to 5.5 feet; females are smaller.Weight: 100-300 pounds; females are lighter.Lifespan: 12-15 years
Defenders of Wildlife has been working to protect our nation's wildlife since 1947.
Understand the threats facing our treasured wildlife and what Defenders is doing to help.
Learn more about the amazing animals that make up our nation's wild heritage.
Your contribution will help us save something wild.
Learn what you can do to make a difference for our wildlife and wild places.


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This handy instructable will teach you the way to make Bacon and Tatos; a healthy breakfast for one or a side dish for two. This can also be made without the bacon, using olive oil rather than the grease.
Step 1: Materials Needed
For this meal you will need:
5 strips of bacon
2 potatoes of small size
2 cutting boards
Step 2: Preparation of Ingrediants
Preheat the pan to a medium temperature. This was about 6 on my stove. Cut up the bacon and the potatoes (After washing them), making sure to use the separate knifes and cutting boards for health reasons.
Step 3: Cooking the Bacon
After making sure all the bacon is cut up, separate the pieces and throw them in the pan. When they begin to shrivle up and brown, flip or stir around the pieces. Let them cook until they are at the consistency you want, then move them to a plate and put the grease aside if you need to cook a second batch.
Step 4: Cooking the Tatos
Throw the potatoes in with any grease from the bacon. Toss, turn, and flip the tatos until they are soft and slightly browned. Season occasionally with the dash and garlic powder.
Step 5: Plate and Eat!!
After the potatoes are sufficiently cooked, add the bacon back into the pan to heat them up a bit. Lastly, Plate the meal and dig in!! I hope this instructable was helpful and delicious! Feedback is greatly appreciated, as this is my first instructable and I hope to make more in the future.


227 - 1/02 - Heavy Weather Alongside - El Dekheila
One of our Member's bulk carriers twice recently visited the port of El Dekheila, near Alexandria, Egypt. On both occasions, the vessel experienced heavy swell whilst alongside, resulting in the vessel surging along the quay. On the second occasion, she parted a total of eleven mooring lines and required the assistance of a tug, pilot and mooring crew to resecure the vessel. Two ship's staff were injured during this operation.
Obtaining assistance unfortunately, takes a long time in El Dekheila - the port is likely to be closed once the wind reaches Force 6 or there is a heavy swell running, although a tug is always on standby for emergencies. Once the port is closed, except under special circumstances, no vessel is allowed to enter or leave.
The prevailing wind is from the north and northwest and can reach Force 8/9 - the berths are largely unprotected when the wind is from the north. The Port Authority are aware of the situation - there are, it is reported, studies to increase the length of the breakwater to afford more shelter.
Staff Author


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Tensile Fabric Structures in UAE
Results 1 - 19 of 19
About Tensile Fabric Structures
Designing of interesting roof forms have become possible with the use of tensile fabric structures in UAE. These structures have been used in buildings since 1970s. Today they are used to give dramatic forms to architectural works. They offer variety to roofing forms in terms of translucency, colour, clear span and softness. Tensile fabric structures are lightweight and can be created into three dimensional forms by applying tension. Tensile structures are usually supported by as masts, rings or beams which work as compression or bending elements. These structures are resistant to fire, rain, sun and wind. They are also resistant to damage caused by blunt objects, but not to sharp ones.


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LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH A REFRAECTOMETRIC DETECTOR
A refractometric detector or a refractive index (RI or RID) detector measures the refractive index of an analyte with respect to the solvent. It is a universal detector but has low sensitivity. Often used as detectors used in GPC (size exclusion chromatography).
The refractometer contains a flow cell with two parts: one for the sample and the other for the reference solvent. The detector measures the refractive index of both components. As soon as the solvent flows through a sample component, the measured refractive index of both components is the same, but as the analyte passes through the flow cell, the two measured refractive indices are different. The difference appears as a peak in the chromatogram. The detector is not suitable for applications where gradient analysis is necessary. Usually, these types of detectors are characterized by low sensitivity, but Wyatt has launched the Optilab series.
In our laboratory, RI detectors are used mainly for the analysis of polymers and volatile substances, which cannot be analyzed using ELSD or MSxMS.


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Abstract: The following study attempts to analyse an almost unknown aspect of Czechoslovakian-German relations during the so called "Second Republic" (October 1938 – March 1939), namely the railway traffic between the two countries. It is necessary to realize that railway traffic was the most common means of transport for both people and goods at this time and that it was in both countries' interests to keep it functioning. This paper focuses on the situations and problems that everyday passengers faced. Their experiences were the main factor on which public opinion of the railways was based. The contributory role of freight transport is also analysed in short because of its importance to the functioning of the economy. An important question, which this study attempts to answer as well, is the nature of relations between Czechoslovakian railway employees and their German counterparts. Did these relations copy those in "high politics" at the time? Or, could the professionals on both sides of the new borders cooperate to keep the traffic flowing? With the use of several examples, descriptions are given of experiences with colleagues on the other side of the border that were often positive and whereby both sides understood that it was necessary to keep the traffic flowing. Unfortunately, these efforts were on occasion disrupted by the decisions of political or military leaders.
Authors: Martin Liška
Keywords: railway traffic, Munich Agreement, Second Czechoslovak Republic, CzechGerman relations


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Vermiculation is decoration of a surface by means of random channels resembling worm-tracks or honeycomb. In masonry this is typically a process of carving or finishing of building stones with irregular grooves.
In Australian terrace houses, it is often done using the same process with stucco render. Vermiculation is typically found on projecting sections of party walls, where the roof and floors meet with the party walls. It is sometimes also found as a frieze below the cornice or above it on the parapet. Rarely it is found on the facade itself or other stuccoed architectural elements made to resemble stone such as gates.


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Achieving Competitive Employment
The ACE (Achieving Competitive Employment) program helps individuals with disabilities to get and keep jobs. Our aim is to provide resources to identify, develop, and utilize employable skills and abilities.
ACE Staff Can Provide:
- Job search assistance: how to help employers see past a disability and understand the assets you bring to their business
- Job development: direct contact with employers to generate leads and facilitate paid placements
- Job coaching: one-to-one support to adapt to a new workplace and be successful there
Who Can Use ACE?
- You must be 16 years of age or older
- You must also have an identified disability (this can mean a lot of things – if you're not sure, ask us!)
- Resident of Guelph or Wellington County
- Ready to prepare and achieve employment
A.C.E. is funded by Ontario Disabilities Support Program Employment Supports


Skip to main content
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Quota costs, billing, and limits usage is billed by org memory quota.
The cost is $130 per GB of memory reserved per month, with no limit except the quota you set.
You set your memory quota in advance. This helps you control the maximum amount that your team will spend, and helps us avoid over-provisioning resources that won't be used.
(Sandboxes offer resource usage for free, but it is capped at 1 GB of RAM.)
Quotas are associated with and billed to a project IAA number or equivalent billing tag. Quotas are billed by the amount of memory reserved and tallied monthly.
What quotas limit
Quotas provide a not-to-exceed reservation of memory, which you set at the amount appropriate to your usage. In the underlying technical system, quotas also limit number of application routes and service instances, but you can request an expansion of those limits at any time.
Quotas limit the following resources:
If a new application push would exceed your organization's quota, the request will fail with status code 400 and a message that describes the limit that would be exceeded.
Creating app APPLICATION in org ORG / space SPACE as USER… FAILED Server error, status code: 400, error code: 100007, message: You have exceeded the instance memory limit for your organization's quota.
In this situation you have three options:
 1. Delete existing resources with cf delete, delete-service, delete-route or similar.
 2. Reconfigure individual existing application quotas and redeploy.
 3. Request a quota change by asking support. You can request an increase in number of routes or service instances with no cost impact. Increasing memory quota changes your costs (as described above).


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Comparison of prevalence of schizophrenia among residents of hostels for homeless people in 1966 and 1992.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the prevalence of schizophrenia among the homeless population of Edinburgh resident in hostels has changed between 1966 and 1992. DESIGN: Comparison of two cross sectional surveys. SETTINGS: Hostels for homeless people in Edinburgh. SUBJECTS: In 1966 a random sample of 98 residents of three common lodging houses. In 1992 a random sample of 198 residents of nine hostels. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Prevalence of schizophrenia. RESULTS: The prevalence of schizophrenia...Expand abstract
- Publication status:
- Publisher copy:
- Copyright date:


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Large-scale design optimization lab
The large-scale design optimization laboratory (LSDO lab) is part of the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at the University of California San Diego.
Our research lab develops efficient optimization methods for the design and operation of engineering vehicles. We specialize in methods that solve large-scale optimization problems involving up to tens of thousands of design variables.
The Background page provides an introduction to large-scale optimization, reviews the state of the art, and highlights some of our previous work in this field. The Research page presents a more comprehensive description of our past and ongoing research topics.
Our vision for the future is optimization-based design of engineering systems. In many engineering applications (e.g., the design of commercial airliners), the computing age has enabled the gradual replacement or augmentation of physical experiments with simulations using computational models. Today, tools such as computational fluid dynamics and finite element analysis have become sufficiently robust and efficient that they are tightly integrated into the workflow of an industrial engineer. In the future, we envision large-scale numerical optimization having a similarly large role in practical engineering design. This would come with much larger potential benefits since optimization algorithms can automate certain parts of design, freeing the engineer's time and attention on higher level and more significant aspects of the design. The LSDO lab's past and future research is directed towards the improvements in efficiency, robustness, and simplicity of optimization methods, that are necessary to make this vision a reality.


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Garbage Collection and TRIM in SSDs Explained – An SSD Primer
'Garbage Collection in SSDs' is a contributed article that was submitted by LSI and authored by Kent Smith, Senior Director of Product Marketing, Flash Components Division, LSI Corporation. It's importance cannot be understated for anyone venturing into today's world of SSDs.
Garbage collection (GC) is a fundamental process with all solid state drives (SSDs), but it can be implemented in different ways that can impact the overall SSD performance and endurance. In this article, we'll look at how GC works, how it can be implemented, and how it relates to the TRIM command and over provisioning.
Unlike hard disk drives (HDDs), NAND flash memory cannot overwrite existing data they must first erase old data before writing new data to the same location. With SSDs, GC is the name for the process of relocating existing data to new locations and allowing the surrounding invalid data to be erased. Flash memory is divided into blocks, which is further divided in pages. Data can be written directly into an empty page, but only whole blocks can be erased. Therefore, to reclaim the space taken up by invalid data, all the valid data from one block must be first copied and written into the empty pages of a new block. Only then can the invalid data in the original block be erased, making it ready for new valid data to be written.
The process is illustrated in Figure 1. Column one shows pages A-D are written to block X. Sometime later that data is changed, so pages A-D are written and the original pages A-D are marked invalid (shown in column two). At the same time, additional data is written to pages E-H. Column two shows these changes and now block X is full, but is holding space for now invalid data (A-D) which cannot be reclaimed until the whole block is erased.
To achieve this objective, the valid data in block X must be moved to a new block so that the original block can be erased to start over. Column three shows the data from pages A-D as well as E-H being written to a new block (Y), so the space from block X can be reclaimed by erasing it. The writes from this step are not from the host system and are the source for increased write amplification in an SSD, meaning the flash in the SSD is being written more than what came from the host originally. Since flash memory has a limited number of erase and write cycles this operation should be minimized when possible, but it is still a necessary part of an SSD's operation.
Figure 1: The garbage collection process. Source: Wikipedia
Note that wear leveling typically occurs during GC, as data is written to a variety of new blocks in order to spread wear around over the breadth of the SSD. Since there are a limited number of writes the flash can sustain over its lifetime, if data was always written to the same block, its life of write cycles would be exhausted prematurely compared to all other blocks. This continued early block retirement would eventually reduce the available capacity of the drive and prevent it from performing at its full capability. Ideally, all of the blocks of the SSD need to be worn at the same rate throughout the life of the drive.
OS AWARENESS VS DRIVE AWARENESS
In an HDD system, the Operating System (OS) can simply request that new data be written to the same location where the older, now invalid data, is stored, and the HDD will directly overwrite the old data. In an SSD, however, the page must first be erased before it can be written to locations previously holding data the SSD cannot directly overwrite existing data as stated earlier.
The OS understands the files, their structure, and the logical locations where they are stored, but does not understand the physical storage structure of the storage device. In any storage system, the storage device doesn't know the file structure it simply knows that there are bytes of data written in specific sectors. The storage system, whether SSD or HDD, returns the data from physical locations when the OS asks for data in the corresponding logical locations.
When the OS deletes the file, it simply marks the space used for that data as free in its logical data table. With HDDs, the OS does not need to tell the storage device anything about the deletion because it would simply write something new into that same physical location in the future. In the case of an SSD, it only becomes aware that the data is deleted (or invalid) when the OS tries to write to that location again. At that time the SSD marks the old data as invalid and it writes the new data to a new physical location. It may also perform GC at that same time, but that varies between SSD architectures and other conditions at that moment.


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We use behavioural insights to design nudges leveraging social comparison and assignment of responsibility aimed at reducing electricity consumption in a large provincial government office building with 24 floors. Results from a randomized control trial show that floors participating in a treatment with inter-floor competitions and tips reduced energy consumption by 9%, while those that also included floor-wise 'energy advocates" reduced energy consumption by 14% over a period of 5 months.
Behavioral Economics: Underlying Principles
This paper analyses the impact of income inequality on public good provision in an experimental setting. A sample of secondary school students were recruited to participate in a simple linear public goods game where income heterogeneity was introduced by providing participants with unequal token endowments. The results show that endowment heterogeneity does not have any significant impact on contributions to the public good, and that consistent with models of reciprocity, low and high endowment players contribute the same fraction of their endowment to the public pool.


Uff da! | what does the expression mean? | Norway
Uff da! is a Norwegian interjection, often used to express sympathy. For example when a child falls over: Uff da! Slo du deg? - meaning Poor you! Did you hurt yourself?
LA Dahlmann | talk NORWAY
«Uff da!» - what does it actually mean? | Illustration: LA Dahlmann cc pdm.
«Uff da! Slo du deg nå, lille venn?»
Uff da!
Uff da! is usually said in a deep voice, and in a drawn-out and comforting way. But the response can also be quick and upbeat, if the damage done or the message received is not too bad. Then it works more as an encouragement. Below, see some examples of how the expression is used. There are several phrase-variations, mostly with a fairly similar meaning:
 - Uff a meg!
 - Uff a meg'en!
 - Au da!
 - Oi da!
 - Uff og uff!
 - Uff det var leit å høre!
 - Or simply just – Uff!
The expressions are informal, and usually only used when speaking to someone you know well – both grown-ups and children. However, it can also be used if a stranger tells you something that requires an immediate show of sympathy.
Example 1
The expression used in a conversation with a friend:
Person A | My father just called; he has been in a car accident!
Person B | Uff da! Is he OK?
Person A | He broke his arm.
Person B | Uff a meg! How terrible!
Example 2
The quick, encouraging and upbeat tone would be used if for example a child falls over but turns to you smiling: Uff da! Up you go!
Example 3
The expression can also be used in a more sarcastic context and tone. For example, in a conversation with a friend who earns twice as much as you do:
Person A | I am furious! I only got a 3% pay rise this year!
Person B | Uff da! How terrible for you.
Many descendants of Norwegian emigrants to North America, several generations down the line, still hold on to this somewhat peculiar expression.
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Vintage photos | the stave churches | Norway
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My Norwegian heritage
Here is a collection of some wonderful vintage photos, showing a handful of Norwegians and their lives.
In the old farming society, nature dictated the flow of the working year. And farmworkers could only leave their jobs on 2 specific days during the year.
For many, it may come as a surprise that the history of rose painting and its place in Norwegian folk art is not as old as one might think.
Uekte and ekte are Norwegian adjectives that in one context means illegitimate and legitimate - as in a child born outside or inside a marriage.
To make sure he could tide the animals over the long and cold winter, the historical Norwegian farmer utilised all available resources.
The Heddal stave church - stavkirke - is Norway's largest remaining building of its kind. It is a woodwork masterpiece, with a history that stretches back more than 800 years.
Per O. Rød wrote the history of the Stornæve farm and its inhabitants back in 1968. Decades earlier, several children of Stornæve had emigrated to the US.
The old Norwegian farming society was a self-sufficient and balanced world. Coins and notes were all but an alien concept.
In 1942, Hans Hyldbakk wrote the history of the local cotter's holdings in Surnadal, Nordmøre, Norway. The book was updated in 1966.
The Fjord horse is one of today's oldest and purest horse breeds. Its historical habitat is Norway's western coast, with its deep fjords and steep mountainsides.
The Norwegian landscape is wild and beautiful. And it is a lot more than just fjords and mountains.
The old Norwegian farm needed hundreds of litres of water every single day: for food-making, cleaning, and human and animal consumption.
Myrmelk is a Norwegian noun that means milk conserved in a container buried in a mountain peat bog, left there for herders or others to drink at a later stage.
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How to Change the Admin Password in Asset Manager
To change the Admin password, perform the following steps:
- Go to the Admin Console.
- Click on the Security tab in the left column and then click on Users.
- In the column to the right of the Security tab, click on the user named, "admin".
- In the "User Information" field, type the new password in the Password and Confirm Password fields. (**Remember the new password!!**)
- Click the Save Changes button.


Webinar: Air Technical Modeling predicting System Performance.
Using Air Technical Simulations for Better Balanced dust and vapor extraction Systems. Data-driven air technical modeling, lab results and factory measurements contribute to building economical dust & vapor extraction systems that are reliable over the long term with a truly meaningful process guarantee.
Why air technical (GCM) Modeling?
Industrial dust collection and ventilation systems are relatively easy to build but very hard to operate in a stable, reliable, and efficient manner. That is, if the system has not been modeled beforehand and pressure drop measurements and optimal extraction velocities/ piping diameters are not calculated or simulated properly.
Read more on JOA GCM-Modeling here.
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Map of flight path and driving directions from Learmonth to Badu Island.
Shortest flight path between RAAF Base Learmonth (LEA) and Badu Island Airport (BDD).
How far is Badu Island from Learmonth?
There are several ways to calculate distances between Learmonth and Badu Island. Here are two common methods:Vincenty's formula (applied above)
- 2037.394 miles
- 3278.868 kilometers
- 1770.447 nautical miles
Vincenty's formula calculates the distance between latitude/longitude points on the earth's surface, using an ellipsoidal model of the earth.Haversine formula
- 2036.672 miles
- 3277.705 kilometers
- 1769.819 nautical miles
The haversine formula calculates the distance between latitude/longitude points assuming a spherical earth (great-circle distance – the shortest distance between two points).
Time difference and current local times
The time difference between Learmonth and Badu Island is 2 hours. Badu Island is 2 hours ahead of Learmonth.
Carbon dioxide emissions
Estimated CO2 emissions per passenger is 222 kg (489 pounds).
Frequent Flyer Miles Calculator
Learmonth (LEA) → Badu Island (BDD).


text: The aim of this research was to explore why workers in health and social services embarked on a Certificate in Community Care Practice and the extent to which they felt knowledge learnt related to their every‐day work practice. The objective was to indicate how useful more academic courses are for health and social care staff, and to find out the kinds of barriers to practicing theory learnt in the classroom students face in their 'real world' of work. Data was collected from 25 mature students (over half were between the ages of 41–50 years), 3 of whom were men from a range of professional backgrounds including; support staff working in residential and domiciliary services and informal (unpaid) carers for people with learning disabilities, mental health difficulties as well as older people. Quantitative (an adapted questionnaire) and qualitative (focus group session which was an integral part of classroom learning about research methodology) methods were employed. Data was analysed using SPSS and thematic analysis. Findings indicated that the main motivators for study was to gain a qualification and for personal development. Students reported their increased desire to link theory learnt which they found highly relevant to their everyday practice, but organisational barriers sometimes precluded them from doing so. The paper ends with policy and practice recommendations.


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Azure Form Recognizer documentation
Azure Form Recognizer is a cloud-based Azure Applied AI Service that uses machine-learning models to extract and analyze form fields, text, and tables from your documents. Form Recognizer analyzes your forms and documents, extracts text and data, maps field relationships as key-value pairs, and returns a structured JSON output. You quickly get accurate results that are tailored to your specific content without excessive manual intervention or extensive data science expertise. Use Form Recognizer to automate your data processing in applications and workflows, enhance data-driven strategies, and enrich document search capabilities.


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- Step 1: Watch before trying Watch another player attempt to control the crane to judge the power and movement of the claw and which prizes are easiest to grab.
- TIP: Save your money for another day if it appears the prizes are packed in tightly, it's almost impossible to win.
- Step 2: Take your time Take your time in deciding which prize to attempt before putting your money in the machine to avoid panicking as the clock ticks down.
- Step 3: Budget your money Set up a budget to avoid pumping in too much cash for a prize that may not be worth it.
- Step 4: Aim for neck or chest Aim for the neck or chest of the stuffed animal to try to get the claw all the around the prize and don't waste time with legs or arms.
- TIP: Round prizes such as balls must be hit dead center or the claw will cause them to pop out.
- Step 5: Time the payouts Time the payouts as most machines have a microchip that will give out a prize after a certain number of turns so your patience will be rewarded.
- FACT: The crane arm on the International Space Station is 57 feet long and has seven separate joints to help maneuver the large capsules into place.
You Will Need
- Good aim
- Steady hand


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In order to enable API Access to TradeGecko, the following credentials must be gathered:
Privileged Access Token
- Log in to your TradeGecko account.
- Go to _URL_
- Click New Application.
- Enter the details as shown below:
- On the Application Details page, click Create Privileged Access Token.
- Retain the generated API Token. This is your Privileged Access Token.
Inventory Location Name
The Inventory Location Name is required to enable inventory adjustments.
- Log into your TradeGecko account.
- Go to Settings > Locations.
- Under the Label heading, retain the displayed Location Name.
Next: Enable API Access


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In the X-Men comics, Sentinels are a type of advanced robots created to hunt and capture mutants. They were designed by Bolivar Trask, a scientist who believed that the existence of mutants posed a threat to humanity.
The Sentinels are programmed to identify mutants and capture or eliminate them. They have a wide range of capabilities, including advanced weaponry, flight, and shape-shifting abilities. Some versions of the Sentinels are even capable of adapting to the powers of the mutants they are fighting, making them a formidable opponent.


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Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Endowed (visiting) professorships
Endowed professorships are established using funding provided by foundations and/or patrons. Endowed professors are usually appointed for a period of five or ten years. After the funding ends, Humboldt-Universität maintains the endowed professorships without external funding. Endowed professors have the same rights and duties as other professors at Humboldt-Universität and do not take orders from the organisations or individuals that fund the professorship.
There are also endowed professorships for visiting professors, who spend a limited period of time at the University.


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Error rows have been briefly touched upon in several Topics, including The Data Flow Topic, Accessing Heterogeneous Data Topic and Understanding and Tuning the Data Flow Engine Topic. However, this Topic on SSIS error and event handling would be only partially complete without a further discussion on handling errors.
Error rows are handled in the Data Flow through the use of the Error Row Configuration properties. These properties tell the Data Flow Components what to do when a row fails an operation, such as a data conversion, a missing lookup, or a truncation. The properties are found in sources, transformations, and destinations, depending on whether an error can occur or not.
The basic error properties window allows errors to be handled in one of three ways: failure of the Data Flow Task, ignoring the failure, or redirecting the row. Furthermore, truncation errors can be handled separately from conversion errors. below screen shot shows the Error Output property page of an OLE DB Source.
Below screen shot also shows the dropdown selection of the ProductNumber column that defines how the SSIS Data Flow engine should handle an error row for the selected column. The following table clarifies the implications of the error handling section. The following table clarifies the implications of the error handling section.
To demonstrate how to use the error row handling, create a new package in SQL Server Data Tools (SSDT) with an OLE DB connection to the AdventureWorks database. In a new Data Flow Task, follow these steps:
1. Begin by running the following script (ProSSISScriptsCh18_ProSSISScripts.sql) against the AdventureWorks database to create the tables used later by this package:
2. Drag an OLE DB Source to the Data Flow and configure it to use the AdventureWorks connection for the OLE DB Connection Manager. Keep the default Data access mode option of "Table or view"; in the "Name of the table or the view" dropdown, choose the [Production].[Product] table from the list.
3. Drag a Data Conversion Component onto the Data Flow region, and then connect the OLE DB Source to the Data Conversion.
4. Edit the Data Conversion Component and add a new row based on the input column Size. Name the output alias Size_Numeric and configure the new data type to be numeric [DT_NUMERIC], as shown in below screen shot.
The Data Conversion Component will create a new column in the Data Flow called Size_Numeric with a numeric data type, but the original Size column will remain, with the Unicode String data type with a length of 5.
5. Within the Data Conversion Component, click the Configure Error Output button in the bottom-left corner of the transformation, which will bring up the Configure Error Output window. Because only one column is defined in the Data Conversion Transformation, only one column is displayed for changing the error settings.
6. Change the Error value to Redirect Row for the Size_Numeric column, as shown in figure below demonstrates
7. Return to the Data Flow by selecting OK in both the Configure Error Output and the Data Conversion Transformation Editor.
The Data Conversion Component now has a yellow exclamation mark on it, indicating that an error row was configured to be redirected, but the red error path has not yet been used.
8. To fix this warning, you will set up an alternative path to direct those rows. Drag a Derived Column Transformation to the Data Flow and then connect the red error path from the Data Conversion to the new Derived Column Transformation. When you do this, the Configure Error Output window will automatically pop up for the Data Conversion Transformation. This is an alternate method to set the error handling for a failure. Click OK to return to the Data Flow.
9. Edit the Derived Column Transformation and add a new column named Size_Numeric. For the Expression field, type in the following code to add a 0 value to the records that failed the conversion in the prior transformation:(DT_NUMERIC,18,0)0
10. After saving the Derived Column Transformation, drag a Union All Transformation to the Data Flow and then connect both the blue data path output from the Data Conversion Transformation and the blue data path output from the Derived Column Transformation to the Union All Transformation.
11. Double-click the Union All Transformation to bring up its editor, and scroll down to the bottom of the column list. Multi-select both the ErrorCode and the ErrorColumn columns if they exist in the list, and then press Delete on your keyboard. Click OK to save the changes.
12. A useful tool in testing your package is the Multicast Transformation, which can be used as a placeholder destination as you are developing and testing your package. Before testing your package, add a Multicast Transformation to the Data Flow connected to the output of the Union All.
13. Run your package and observe the results. Your Data Flow execution will look similar to below screen shot.
Note that some of the rows are sent to the Derived Column Transformation but are brought back together with the main Data Flow rows through the Union All Transformation. At this point you have not added a destination, so the next step in this example is to land the data to a new destination table, where you can also handle errors.
14. Stop the package execution and replace the Multicast Transformation with an OLE DB Destination. In the editor, confirm that the AdventureWorks connection is listed in the OLE DB Connection Manager dropdown and change the data access mode to "Table or view." Assign the data to load into the table UpdatedProducts that you created at the beginning of this exercise. On the Mappings property page, ensure that the default map of all the input columns from the Data Flow to the destination table columns based on name and data type looks accurate. Click OK to save the changes.
In the Data Flow designer, notice that the OLE DB Destination has a yellow exclamation point on it, and when you hover the mouse over it (or display the error window), it indicates that there may be a truncation error for the Name column going from a length of 50 to a length of 21. To finish this example, you will now redirect the error rows to a flat file.
15. Drag a Flat File Destination onto the Data Flow and connect the red error path output from the OLE DB Destination onto the Flat File Destination. When the Configure Error Output window pops up, change the Error handling dropdown to Redirect Row and click OK to save your changes.
16. Edit the Flat File Destination and click the New button next to the Flat File Connection Manager dropdown. When prompted, leave the Flat File Format selected on Delimited and click OK, which will bring up the Flat File Connection Manager Editor.
17. Type C:ProSSISFilesTruncated_Names.txt in the File name text box and then click OK to save the connection properties. You will be returned to the Flat File Destination Editor.
18. To finish, click the Mappings page in the Flat File Destination Editor, which will automatically map the columns from the error path to the flat file. Click OK to close the Destination Editor.
When you run your package, your results should look like what is shown in below screen shot.
The rows with the Name column truncation were sent to the flat file. You can check your results by opening the flat file in your C:ProSSISFiles folder, which will show that the full names were added to the flat file. As noted earlier, if you had set the OLE DB Destination error to Ignore Failure, the entire error row would be ignored, not just the column value.
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"Extreme risk" level: What it means for SPS
How might Lane County's "extreme risk" designation affect SPS teaching and learning?
Overview + what it means for SPS
Lane County is set to move back to the "extreme risk" category on Friday, April 30, after positive Covid-19 cases have been on the rise for the past few weeks. The change in county risk designation does not directly affect schools or school schedules.
Public school districts in Oregon are required to follow positive case-based guidance defined by the Oregon Department of Education developed in conjunction with the Oregon Health Authority. As part of the state guidance, school districts are encouraged to maintain current in-person learning if it's already in place stating that schools "should not reduce in-person instruction or revert to comprehensive distance learning based on county metrics if the school can demonstrate the ability to limit transmission in the school environment."
Metrics breakdown
Public elementary schools have the option to limit in-person learning if positive case levels reach more than 350 positive cases per 100,000 people over the course of 14 days. However, when cases are below that threshold, public elementary schools are required to offer either on-site or hybrid learning options.
The guidance for middle and high schools is slightly different and provides schools with the option to switch to comprehensive distance learning to limit transmission, if necessary, when county case levels reach more than 200 cases per 100,000 people over 14 days (a slightly lower threshold).
Schools are not required to switch to comprehensive distance learning at any point except potentially on an isolated school-to-school basis to curb transmission. This decision would be made by district staff as recommended by district health professionals. Under current guidance, SPS likely would not return to district-wide remote learning.
As of April 28, Lane County Covid-19 case rates had reached 214 cases per 100,000 and a 3.5 percent test positivity rate.
To learn more about the specific metrics or view the metric guidance, visit


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The inter-agency* Building Innovation Panel (BIP) assists firms in expediting evaluations and obtaining regulatory clearance to use innovative methods, processes, technologies and materials in their construction projects. Beyond raising productivity, these innovative solutions should improve Singapore's built environment to meet our Construction Industry Transformation Map objectives.
* Agencies include BCA, LTA, MOM, NEA, PUB, SCDF, and URA. In addition, non-regulatory agencies, HDB and JTC, are included to provide user perspective during evaluation.
The BIP aims to:
- Identify innovative technologies – This includes tracking new innovations, and conducting focus group discussions with the construction industry to identify trends and promote adoption of innovations.
- Support innovative technologies – Support will be rendered across the value chain, from upstream research to technology deployment. For example, BIP can help match inventors of promising new construction innovation with a progressive builder/developer, so that it can be implemented in an actual project and eventually, across the industry.
- Be a platform for multi-agency regulatory approval – Enables multiple agencies' evaluation and approval of innovative solutions to be expedited. These solutions should lead to at least 20% improvement in productivity/sustainability and/or demonstrate good potential to significantly improve the built environment.
Steering committee and work streams
The Steering Committee, comprising of representatives from the Trade Associations and Chambers (TACs), will give broad strategic directions for innovation in construction and align construction technology development to the objectives of the Construction Industry Transformation Map (ITM)
It will be supported by 3 work streams:
- Technology Assessment Committee – Focuses on innovations that are ready for implementation in projects and their regulatory approval. Assist firms in expediting multi-agency evaluation of innovative methods, sustainable materials and technologies.
- Research & Innovation Committee – Focuses on innovations requiring further research and development. Conducts proactive scanning and identification of construction innovations, oversees research of construction innovations, and develops new or enhanced regulatory codes to enable adoption of innovations.
- Inter-Agency Coordinating Committee – Helps to resolve any regulatory conflicts among government agencies that may arise from the use of innovative solutions in a project.
Submissions are evaluated based on:
- Level of innovation
- Impact on construction productivity of the materials, methods or processes
- Sustainable materials or technologies leading to environmentally friendly construction
Once the submission has been accepted, the BIP Secretariat will expedite resolution of outstanding issues between the applicant and respective authorities and agencies.
In Principle Acceptance (IPA) certificates
A certificate of In Principle Acceptances (IPA) will be granted to the innovative solutions (design, products, materials or processes) which have been accepted by the relevant authorities and agencies. The certificate also accords fast track status to subsequent regulatory submissions involving the use of the accepted innovative solutions.
List of innovative solutions have been granted In Principle Acceptance for use in Singapore projects:
- Prefabricated Prefinished Volumetric Construction (PPVC) System
- Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) / Glued Laminated Timber (Glulam)
- Prefabricated Bathroom Units (PBU)
How to apply
To request assistance, submit the following to BIP:
- A set of completed application form
- Documentary evidence of compliance with codes of practice (Singapore or overseas)
- Track record of overseas implementation
- Material or product specifications
- Quality certifications or test reports by accredited laboratories
- Calculation of natural aggregates savings (in tonnes) based on proposed % replacement (only applicable for sustainable construction materials)
- Any other relevant information.
Please refer to the checklist for the specific documentation required by individual government agencies for the above-mentioned item (b) to (f).


Synonyms for program
Synonyms for (noun) program
Synonyms: program, programme
Definition: a performance (or series of performances) at a public presentation
Usage: the program lasted more than two hours
Similar words: performance
Definition: the act of presenting a play or a piece of music or other entertainment
Usage: we congratulated him on his performance at the rehearsal; an inspired performance of Mozart's C minor concerto
Synonyms: program, programme, plan
Definition: a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished
Usage: they drew up a six-step plan; they discussed plans for a new bond issue
Similar words: idea, thought
Definition: the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about
Usage: it was not a good idea; the thought never entered my mind
Synonyms: program, programme
Definition: a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need
Usage: he proposed an elaborate program of public works; working mothers rely on the day care program
Similar words: system, system of rules
Definition: a complex of methods or rules governing behavior
Usage: they have to operate under a system they oppose; that language has a complex system for indicating gender
Synonyms: platform, political platform, political program, program
Definition: a document stating the aims and principles of a political party
Usage: their candidate simply ignored the party platform; they won the election even though they offered no positive program
Similar words: papers, written document, document
Definition: writing that provides information (especially information of an official nature)
Synonyms: computer program, computer programme, program, programme
Definition: (computer science) a sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute
Usage: the program required several hundred lines of code
Similar words: software, software package, software program, software system, package, computer software
Usage: the market for software is expected to expand
Synonyms: program, programme, broadcast
Definition: a radio or television show
Usage: did you see his program last night?
Similar words: show
Definition: a social event involving a public performance or entertainment
Usage: they wanted to see some of the shows on Broadway
Synonyms: syllabus, curriculum, course of study, program, programme
Definition: an integrated course of academic studies
Usage: he was admitted to a new program at the university
Similar words: info, information
Definition: a message received and understood
Synonyms: program, programme
Definition: an announcement of the events that will occur as part of a theatrical or sporting event
Usage: you can't tell the players without a program
Similar words: promulgation, announcement
Synonyms for (verb) program
Synonyms: program, programme
Definition: arrange a program of or for
Usage: program the 80th birthday party
Similar words: schedule
Definition: make a schedule; plan the time and place for events
Usage: I scheduled an exam for this afternoon
Synonyms: program, programme
Definition: write a computer program
Similar words: create by mental act, create mentally
Definition: create mentally and abstractly rather than with one's hands
Visual thesaurus for program