Scroll, Refraction and Shader Effects in Three.js and React
Discover how to use react-three-fiber and combine some common techniques to create a Three.js powered layout with shader effects.
Featured image for the tutorial Scroll, Refraction and Shader Effects with Three.js and React
In this tutorial I will show you how to take a couple of established techniques (like tying things to the scroll-offset), and cast them into re-usable components. Composition will be our primary focus.
In this tutorial we will:
 - build a declarative scroll rig
 - mix HTML and canvas
 - handle async assets and loading screens via React.Suspense
 - add shader effects and tie them to scroll
 - and as a bonus: add an instanced variant of Jesper Vos multiside refraction shader
Setting up
We are using React, hooks, Three.js and react-three-fiber. The latter is a renderer for Three.js which allows us to declare the scene graph by breaking up tasks into self-contained components. However, you still need to know a bit of Three.js. All there is to know about react-three-fiber you can find on the GitHub repo's readme. Check out the tutorial on, which goes into the why and how.
We don't emulate a scroll bar, which would take away browser semantics. A real scroll-area in front of the canvas with a set height and a listener is all we need.
I decided to divide the content into:
 - virtual content sections
 - and pages, each 100vh long, this defines how long the scroll area is
function App() {
 const scrollArea = useRef()
 const onScroll = e => ( =
 useEffect(() => void onScroll({ target: scrollArea.current }), [])
 return (
 {/* Contents... */}

scrollTop is written into a reference because it will be picked up by the render-loop, which is carrying out the animations. Re-rendering for often occurring state doesn't make sense.
A first-run effect synchronizes the local scrollTop with the actual one, which may not be zero.
Building a declarative scroll rig
There are many ways to go about it, but generally it would be nice if we could distribute content across the number of sections in a declarative way while the number of pages defines how long we have to scroll. Each content-block should have:
 - an offset, which is the section index, given 3 sections, 0 means start, 2 means end, 1 means in between
 - a factor, which gets added to the offset position and subtracted using scrollTop, it will control the blocks speed and direction
Blocks should also be nestable, so that sub-blocks know their parents' offset and can scroll along.
const offsetContext = createContext(0)
function Block({ children, offset, factor,...props }) {
 const ref = useRef()
 // Fetch parent offset and the height of a single section
 const { offset: parentOffset, sectionHeight } = useBlock()
 offset = offset!== undefined? offset : parentOffset
 // Runs every frame and lerps the inner block into its place
 useFrame(() => {
 const curY = ref.current.position.y
 const curTop =
 ref.current.position.y = lerp(curY, (curTop / state.zoom) * factor, 0.1)
 return (

 {children}
This is a block-component. Above all, it wraps the offset that it is given into a context provider so that nested blocks and components can read it out. Without an offset it falls back to the parent offset.
It defines two groups. The first is for the target position, which is the height of one section multiplied by the offset and the factor. The second, inner group is animated and cancels out the factor. When the user scrolls to the given section offset, the block will be centered.
We use that along with a custom hook which allows any component to access block-specific data. This is how any component gets to react to scroll.
function useBlock() {
 const { viewport } = useThree()
 const offset = useContext(offsetContext)
 const canvasWidth = viewport.width / zoom
 const canvasHeight = viewport.height / zoom
 const sectionHeight = canvasHeight * ((pages - 1) / (sections - 1))
 //...
 return { offset, canvasWidth, canvasHeight, sectionHeight }
We can now compose and nest blocks conveniently:

Anything can read from block-data and react to it (like that spinning cross):
function Cross() {
 const ref = useRef()
 const { viewportHeight } = useBlock()
 useFrame(() => {
 const curTop =
 const nextY = (curTop / ((state.pages - 1) * viewportHeight)) * Math.PI
 ref.current.rotation.z = lerp(ref.current.rotation.z, nextY, 0.1)
 return (

Mixing HTML and canvas, and dealing with assets
Keeping HTML in sync with the 3D world
We want to keep layout and text-related things in the DOM. However, keeping it in sync is a bit of a bummer in Three.js, messing with createElement and camera calculations is no fun.
In three-fiber all you need is the helper (_USER_ atm). Throw this into the canvas and add declarative HTML. This is all it takes for it to move along with its parents' world-matrix.
If we strictly divide between layout and visuals, supporting a11y is possible. Dom elements can be behind the canvas (via the prepend prop), or in front of it. Make sure to place them in front if you need them to be accessible.
Responsiveness, media-queries, etc.
While the DOM fragments can rely on CSS, their positioning overall relies on the scene graph. Canvas elements on the other hand know nothing of the sort, so making it all work on smaller screens can be a bit of a challenge.
Fortunately, three-fiber has auto-resize inbuilt. Any component requesting size data will be automatically informed of changes.
You get:
 - viewport, the size of the canvas in its own units, must be divided by camera.zoom for orthographic cameras
 - size, the size of the screen in pixels
const { viewport, size } = useThree()
Most of the relevant calculations for margins, maxWidth and so on have been made in useBlock.
Handling async assets and loading screens via React.Suspense
Concerning assets, Reacts Suspense allows us to control loading and caching, when components should show up, in what order, fallbacks, and how errors are handled. It makes something like a loading screen, or a start-up animation almost too easy.
The following will suspend all contents until each and every component, even nested ones, have their async data ready. Meanwhile it will show a fallback. When everything is there, the component will render along with everything else.
}>

In three-fiber you can suspend a component with the useLoader hook, which takes any Three.js loader, then loads (and caches) assets with it.
function Image() {
 const texture = useLoader(THREE.TextureLoader, "/texture.png")
 // It will only get here if the texture has been loaded
 return (

Adding shader effects and tying them to scroll
The custom shader in this demo is a Frankenstein based on the Three.js MeshBasicMaterial, plus:
The relevant portion of code in which we feed the shader block-specific scroll data is this one:
material.current.scale =
 lerp(material.current.scale, offsetFactor - top / ((pages - 1) * viewportHeight), 0.1)
material.current.shift =
 lerp(material.current.shift, (top - last) / 150, 0.1)
Adding Diamonds
The technique is explained in full detail in the article Real-time Multiside Refraction in Three Steps by Jesper Vos. I placed Jesper's code into a re-usable component, so that it can be mounted and unmounted, taking care of all the render logic. I also changed the shader slightly to enable instancing, which now allows us to draw dozens of these onto the screen without hitting a performance snag anytime soon.
The component reads out block-data like everything else. The diamonds are put into place according to the scroll offset by distributing the instanced meshes. This is a relatively new feature in Three.js.
Wrapping up
This tutorial may give you a general idea, but there are many things that are possible beyond the generic parallax; you can tie anything to scroll. Above all, being able to compose and re-use components goes a long way and is so much easier than dealing with a soup of code fragments whose implicit contracts span the codebase.
Tagged with:
Paul Henschel
My name is Paul Henschel, I am a frontend developer based in Germany and Switzerland. I am the founder of Luxundlaune, a photography platform in Germany, Paran


text:
1761 is valid Arabic numeral. Here we will explain how to read, write and convert the Arabic numeral 1761 into the correct Roman numeral format. Please have a look over the Roman numeral table given below for better understanding of Roman numeral system. As you can see, each letter is associated with specific value.
The Roman numeral representation of Arabic numeral 1761 is MDCCLXI.
If you are aware of Roman numeral system, then converting Arabic numeral 1761 to Roman numeral is very easy. Converting 1761 to Roman numeral representation involves breaking up the numeral into place values as shown below.
|1000 + 500 + 100 + 100 + 50 + 10 + 1|
|M + D + C + C + L + X + I|
We need to combine all converted roman numerals together. As per the rule highest numeral should always precede the lowest numeral to get correct representation. In modern world, the number 1761 should be used as it is until or unless it represents an ordinal value. In case of any ordinal value, you can use MDCCLXI instead of 1761. For any numeral conversion, you can also use our roman to number converter tool given above.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Spanish Ebro Delta acts as testing lab to make rice cultivation resistant to soil salinisation
Friday, 8 November, 2019
The future of the rice in the Spanish Ebro Delta is threatened by soil salinisation, caused by rising sea levels and erosion of the Delta. Besides, the apple snail, a tropical pest introduced in the area, is ravaging rice crops by eating and uprooting young plants. A local Operational Group is testing how rice dry seeding can reduce the apple snail population and how this affects soil salinity.
Please feel free to use this press article and the pictures to inform other colleagues or to use in your own publications. If you would like to receive EIP-AGRI press article directly, please fill in the subscription form to receive the EIP-AGRI press articles.


text:
compute temp command
compute temp/kk command
compute ID group-ID temp
ID, group-ID are documented in compute command
temp = style name of this compute command
compute 1 all temp compute myTemp mobile temp
Define a computation that calculates the temperature of a group of atoms. A compute of this style can be used by any command that computes a temperature, e.g. thermo_modify, fix temp/rescale, fix npt, etc.
The temperature is calculated by the formula KE = dim/2 N k T, where KE = total kinetic energy of the group of atoms (sum of 1/2 m v^2), dim = 2 or 3 = dimensionality of the simulation, N = number of atoms in the group, k = Boltzmann constant, and T = temperature.
A kinetic energy tensor, stored as a 6-element vector, is also calculated by this compute for use in the computation of a pressure tensor. The formula for the components of the tensor is the same as the above formula, except that v^2 is replaced by vx*vy for the xy component, etc. The 6 components of the vector are ordered xx, yy, zz, xy, xz, yz.
The number of atoms contributing to the temperature is assumed to be constant for the duration of the run; use the dynamic option of the compute_modify command if this is not the case.
This compute subtracts out degrees-of-freedom due to fixes that constrain molecular motion, such as fix shake and fix rigid. This means the temperature of groups of atoms that include these constraints will be computed correctly. If needed, the subtracted degrees-of-freedom can be altered using the extra option of the compute_modify command.
A compute of this style with the ID of "thermo_temp" is created when LAMMPS starts up, as if this command were in the input script:
compute thermo_temp all temp
See the "thermo_style" command for more details.
See the Howto thermostat doc page for a discussion of different ways to compute temperature and perform thermostatting.
Styles with a gpu, intel, kk, omp, or opt suffix are functionally the same as the corresponding style without the suffix. They have been optimized to run faster, depending on your available hardware, as discussed on the Speed packages doc page. The accelerated styles take the same arguments and should produce the same results, except for round-off and precision issues.
These accelerated styles are part of the GPU, USER-INTEL, KOKKOS, USER-OMP and OPT packages, respectively. They are only enabled if LAMMPS was built with those packages. See the Build package doc page for more info.
You can specify the accelerated styles explicitly in your input script by including their suffix, or you can use the -suffix command-line switch when you invoke LAMMPS, or you can use the suffix command in your input script.
See the Speed packages doc page for more instructions on how to use the accelerated styles effectively.
This compute calculates a global scalar (the temperature) and a global vector of length 6 (KE tensor), which can be accessed by indices 1-6. These values can be used by any command that uses global scalar or vector values from a compute as input. See the Howto output doc page for an overview of LAMMPS output options.
The scalar value calculated by this compute is "intensive". The vector values are "extensive".


text: Purpose: The purpose of the study is to explore the existence of gender discrimination in the service delivery process of the poverty reduction programs in Bangladesh. Originality: This paper has developed a multidimensional scale to assess the efficiency of Government (GO) and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in the service delivery process of poverty reduction programs in rural Bangladesh as there is no such scale available in the literature. The scale then is utilized to find differences in opinion between male and female beneficiaries. Key literature / theoretical perspective: This study followed a process of scale development proposed in marketing, psychology and human resources management. Design/methodology/approach: The methodology is based on quantitative survey from 78 randomly chosen villages in Bangladesh. Confirmatory factor analysis and discriminant analysis were used to explore the differences in opinion of the beneficiaries. Findings: In most geographic areas, more improvement in efficiency determining items are demanded by female beneficiaries proves that they are not only deprived of better services compared to their male counterparts but also are carrying the hallmarks of gender discrimination. Research limitations/implications: Responses of the beneficiaries of the geographically disadvantageous areas like char (island), haor (water bodies) and hilly areas are not included. Practical and Social implications: It is hoped that region-wise findings will help the policy makers of both GO and NGOs to pin-point the areas of service delivery in which they require more attention.


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I'm wondering if any one knows a javascript formula which calculates the max number of tiles that would appear on the user's screen at any given time based on their screen size...
For example: If we say the screen size is 1200pixels by 600pixels and the tiles are 64 pixels by 32 pixels.
In a birds eye view this is easy to calculate but isometric kinda makes it all a bit more confusing for me to understand how to implement such a calculation in my code.
Does any one have any insight how to calculate it?
share|improve this question
What are the details of the plane? E.g. the distance and angle from the screen? – Phil H Apr 5 '12 at 14:09
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2 Answers
up vote 0 down vote accepted
Assuming you are counting only tiles that fit fully (without getting cut-off):
 var verticalCount = Math.floor(windowHeight / tileHeight);
 var horizontalCount = Math.floor(windowWidth / tileWidth);
 var totalCount = verticalCount * horizontalCount;
If you want to count also tiles that fit partially (getting cut off by the window), just change both instances of Math.floor to Math.ceil above.
share|improve this answer
This only works for birds eye view, in isometric you end up with empty spaces in all 4 corners. The maths is different because the tiles are essentially at an angle. I already tried you're approach :P – Dave Mar 9 '12 at 1:26
If this answer is not sufficient, I suggest you un-accept it. – Phil H Apr 5 '12 at 14:08
add comment
If you are wanting to fill the screen with isometric tiles, not a board, and not counting the half tiles that could be displayed, then the formula would be
var cols = Math.floor(windowWidth/tileWidth)
var rows = Math.floor(windowHeight/tileHeight)
var totalCount = (rows * cols) + ((rows-1)*cols)
this will give you the number of complete isometric tiles that can fit in that space.
share|improve this answer
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text:
Sports for Peace - Example: Sports for Peace Programme in Mindanao, Philippines
The concept of Sports for Peace was introduced to the Island of Mindanao, Philippines as an alternative approach to conflict transformation and peace building by the GTZ supported "Poverty Reduction and Conflict Transformation" (PRCT) Project team. It was tested in four regions in Mindanao.
After selecting the schools, the next step involved training the teachers for them to become effective trainers. The trainers/teachers were introduced to conflict sensitive approaches of dealing with the ongoing conflict. At the same time they were prepared for their assigned tasks in the Sports for Peace event. The whole team including the teachers/trainers involved in the preparation for the event embarked on developing peaceful and open atmosphere so that the students would feel comfortable and could concentrate on the programme. During the Sports for Peace programme, in preparation and for the actual sports event, the following steps were followed:
This step was the last one where the team got actively involved in. Here the students were able to show what they had learned during prior sessions and to act accordingly. The PRCT team had organized all materials required for the games including: different colored t-shirts as well as the awards for the various teams, which pictured the symbol of peace: a flying dove.
Figure 1: A step-by-step approach
Important for the success of the event is that all of the above steps depicted in figure 1 are needed for a successful Sports for Peace event. Each step builds upon each other.
Detailed activities for a Sports for Peace event
The activities which form part of each step were further sub-divided according to the age, mental and physical fitness as well as with a view to the expected outcome that should be reached by the activity. While the stepwise approach proved successful for the events organised by PRCT, they should not be treated as a value-print. The steps need to be adapted and modified according to the individual settings.
Photo 1 & 2: Adapting Sports for Peace for individual settings
Step I: Preparation, Administration and Management
Proper preparation, management and administration are important in ensuring the smooth implementation of the Sports for Peace event. If any rules are needed for managing the event these more often than not depend upon the persons responsible for the event as well as the general "management" or "organizational" culture of the community where the event is taking place.
Photo 3: There is no substitute for a good plan!
Step II: Looking Back to the Past to Find Peace
What also proved important was to present and discuss with the participants the the historical perspective of Mindanao and it various conflicts. This was necessary in order to enable participants to grasp the complexities and nature of the conflicts that have made peace so elusive. At the same time it was also necessary to discuss the different peace building and conflict transformation initiatives that had been undertaken, highlighting the success and lessons-learnt.
Activity 1: Description of the region in Mindanao where the Sports for Peace took place in
Photo 4: Learning about the history of Mindanao from each other
Step III: Peace Concept and Culture of Peace
Step III involved four modules. These were aimed at providing the participants with a broader orientation on peace concepts and pedagogical principles while developing positive values and attitudes necessary for both personal and societal transformation. The modules were developed using structured learning exercises (SLEs) and other participatory and creative activities that can be done either in classrooms or outdoor settings. The age bracket of participants was considered in developing the activities. Hence, the participants were grouped into three age brackets: 6-8, 9-11, and 12-15 years of age.
Module 1: Peace concept and activities
Activity 1: "Peace awareness"
Module 2: Personal peace
Personal Peace refers to the harmonious relationship with oneself, with others, with the natural environment, and with God, Allah or one Supreme Being. The issue of personal peace is very basic: unless a person is peaceful, nothing is peaceful to him or to her.
Module 3: Children's rights
The Convention on the Rights of a Child defines a child as a person under 18 years old, unless under the law applicable to the child the age of majority is attained earlier. While the Convention on the Rights of the Child recognizes 18 years as the upper age limit for children, it permits governments a degree of flexibility by adding the clause "age of majority".
At the end of the session or activity, the participants were able to:
Activity 1: "Picture identification"
Photo 5: Learning about their rights
Module 4: Cultural solidarity
Inter-cultural conflict and issues play a vital role in obstructing peace at the regional and national levels. It is important to realize that cultural solidarity is essential and highly desirable for peace. The cultural conflicts that are plaguing Mindanao must be resolved through non-violent strategies. The tasks of the concept were to have the people understand the different cultural values and traditions within Mindanao.
Activity 1: "Picture analysis I"
Step IV: Sports core values
The Sports for Peace programme in Mindanao aimed to inculcate sports three core values among children and youth through the process of playing:
"The marble/stone theory"
Step V: The actual sport events
The four sports chosen for the Sports for Peace programs in Mindanao — basketball, volleyball, baseball and football — were team sports that are based on popularity in the localities this concept was applied in. They are also played by both boys and girls and in mixed teams. However, other sports might be organized as long as they are intended at promoting peace and solidarity, teamwork and socialization while establishing the basic foundation of the core values of sports. The sports should likewise recognize individual talent and skills.
The sports event was the highlight of the Sports for Peace activity wherein the participating students were able to "live" the concepts and culture of peace they had learned. In the sports event, the concept, objectives and guidelines for Sports for Peace as well as the roles of all participants were discussed as these provided the bases of the evaluation and rating after the games have been played.
2. Preparatory discussions and workshops
As preparatory activities before the conduct of the games, discussions and workshops were organized to fully explain to all participants the concept and objectives of Sports for Peace.
3. The different team sports
In this section the sports requirements and rules for each sport were the main focus. Preparations before the Sports for Peace event provided exact information about e.g. the size of the field, the number of participants, the rules of the games and some simple examples on tactics. The descriptions used are those general procedures and rules known all over the world. While these general rules were applied, it was sometimes good to simplify the rules to make the sports more applicable to the students.
4. Roles of major stakeholders
There were different stakeholders involved in the Sports for Peace events and they had different roles. An important role is that of the resource person. The resource person is responsible for the overall programme and therefore needs to fully understand the whole process. The following roles proved important for the success of the Sports for Peace Events in Mindanao:
Photo 6: Involving different stakeholders and learning from the "wise-elders"
Throughout the whole process the sustainability of the different events was monitored by the PRCT team on a daily basis. Regular feedback sessions helped to continually improve the events and include the community and students in the set up of the Sports for Peace occasions. At the end of each event the team evaluated the entire process, and noted changes and improvements to be made for the next Sports for Peace event.
Photo 7: Regular feed-back sessions helped to improve the Sports for Peace events
Whether the concept of Sports for Peace proves to be a sustainable conflict transformation/peace building approach in the context of Mindanao cannot be assessed at this point in time as the number of events carried out (nine in total over two year period of time) is not sufficient as it takes a longer period to achieve a significant change of
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text:
How far is Denpasar from Nanga Pinoh-Borneo Island?
There are several ways to calculate distances between Nanga Pinoh-Borneo Island and Denpasar. Here are two common methods:Vincenty's formula (applied above)
- 623.357 miles
- 1003.195 kilometers
- 541.682 nautical miles
Vincenty's formula calculates the distance between latitude/longitude points on the earth's surface, using an ellipsoidal model of the earth.Haversine formula
- 626.213 miles
- 1007.792 kilometers
- 544.164 nautical miles
The haversine formula calculates the distance between latitude/longitude points assuming a spherical earth (great-circle distance – the shortest distance between two points).
Estimated flight time from Nanga Pinoh Airport (NPO) to Ngurah Rai International Airport (DPS) is 1 hour 40 minutes.
Time difference and current local times
The time difference between Nanga Pinoh-Borneo Island and Denpasar is 1 hour. Denpasar is 1 hour ahead of Nanga Pinoh-Borneo Island.
Nanga Pinoh-Borneo Island
Carbon dioxide emissions
Estimated CO2 emissions per passenger is 105 kg (231 pounds).
Nanga Pinoh-Borneo Island to Denpasar flight map.
Frequent Flyer Miles Calculator
Nanga Pinoh-Borneo Island (NPO) → Denpasar (DPS).


text:
I have a table called 'individuals'. It has 5 entities i.e. ID (int,) name (String), surname (String), Age (Int) and currencyBalance(double). These are stored in a mySql Database.
I would like to make a GUI that allows the user to enter a value (as currency). This value is then added to the currencyBalance in the database.
I was thinking of making 2 SQL queries. One that returns the balance as an integer and the other updates the Balance by adding the balance returned to the user input. However how do i enter the user data in the SQL query? The idea is to have a simple working application.
I think the SQL Query queries should read something like this am i right?
SELECT balance FROM individuals WHERE ID='1'
UPDATE individuals (SELECT balance FROM individuals WHERE ID='1') SET balance=USERDATAGOESHERE WHERE name='George'
Any better refinement on the logic? Is there a better and more effective way to do this?


text:
Some Aspects of Stock Plant Management
For a nursery to have a good stock of mother plants is like having money in the bank. An asset of guaranteed vegetative stock material gives assurance, for on-going production and continuity of supply to customers. A wide range of stock plants gives production a choice of diversity, flexibility, and peace of mind for planning ahead, and also allows the luxury of variety and change.
To yield high quality propagation material however, the mother plants have to be managed correctly to give best results, if mismanaged or neglected the mother plants can quickly become a valueless liability. At Duncan and Davies, depending on genera and species, our mother plants generally can be divided into four basic groups:
- In-ground, longer-term, permanent stock, planted out in stock bed rows.
- In-ground, short-term, nursery row, temporary stock.
- Containerised temporary stock:
- From saleable potted crops where conformation trimming can yield useful cutting material or
ISHS members & pay-per-view
(PDF 171708 bytes)
IPPS membership administration
ISHS membership administration

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Question: What Are Lava Stones Good For?
Do lava rocks help with anxiety?
It's an intense energy, but a calming one.
On a spiritual level, lava stones bring stability.
Are lava beads bad luck?
Lava Rock beads are, as their name suggests, a type of igneous rock. It's considered bad luck and illegal to take lava rocks from Hawaii's national parks because the volcano goddess, Pele, may place a curse on you.
Is lava stone toxic?
Lava rocks is a very broad term. If it is just a bubbly basalt, you should be fine. … The 'lava rocks' might be toxic because sometimes they are used as an industrial filter.
Is Tiger's Eye dangerous?
This stone is formed in part from the mineral crocidolite, which is a type of asbestos. During the formation of tiger's eye, crocidolite is completely replaced with quartz and iron ore, so if you ever wondered whether tiger's eye is dangerous – well, it isn't.
What does Tiger's Eye do?
Is lava rock good for fish tanks?
If you want the plants and fish in your aquarium to live in a healthy environment, lava rocks are a great idea. Lava rocks are covered by holes and pores that have beneficial bacteria, which is called denitrifying bacteria. These bacteria can help in keeping normal nitrogen cycles in your aquarium.
How can you tell if lava rock beads are fake?
Real lava beads should look spongy, ceramic ring-like, and with a rough texture. They should be lightweight and red, red, brown, or black in color. They also should not fade during the cleaning process. They should not burn, melt, shatter, or have an unusual odor.
Are lava rocks strong?
It was shiny, hard and heavy. Lava rock, for landscaping, is foamed obsidian. The gasses released in the volcanic eruption penetrated the lava, but did not escape before the lava cooled, leaving air pockets behind.
What side of your body do you wear crystals?
leftThe left side of your body deals with your internal self and controls stresses from your outside environment. Wear your Crystal Bracelet on the left side if you want to receive its healing energy and internal benefit.
Can lava rocks be cleaned?
Lava rocks are often used for gas barbeque grills and can become quite dirty with food and grease droppings. You cannot use a wire brush or wash them in water as you might ceramic briquettes found in other gas grills. Instead, you must burn them clean.
What rocks are bad for aquariums?
Rocks to avoid include:Shells or crushed coral (These are not ideal for most freshwater tanks, but may be used for African cichlid tanks, where higher pH and calcium hardness are desirable.)Limestone.Geodes.Marble.Dolomite.Dec 4, 2019
Can you shower with a lava stone bracelet?
Do not wear your Lava Stone Bracelet in the Bath or Shower they should be removed prior to bathing or showering.
Can lava stone get wet?
Answer: Hello, if it gets wet it will not effect the lava beads at all, the central bead you may want to pat dry once out of the water.
Is lava stone expensive?
How much do lava stone countertops cost? Lava stone's biggest deterrent is its price. At $250 to $350 per square foot, it's one of the most expensive countertop materials around, comparable to, or even exceeding, high-end marble.
Do lava stones really work?
Lava stones and the chakra Many users of lava stone believe it grounds and stabilizes the root chakra because of the stone's strong connection with the earth. When the root chakra is stabilized, the body and mind will feel positive, safe and anchored to the earth.
Does lava stone have healing properties?
Known for its grounding and calming healing properties, lava stone is great for stabilizing the root chakra. When the root chakra is stabilized, you feel safe, anchored and more positive.
How long do lava beads last?
2-3 daysThe lava beads are black or brown (if you ordered a bracelet with natural brown lava). They are porous with "craters" on them. You can drop one drop of oil on each bead (a little goes a long way, so you only have to put them on a couple of the beads) and it will last 2-3 days.
Do Chakra bracelets help anxiety?
Stone and Crystal Bracelet for Anxiety. Certain crystals and stones are seen as anxiety antidote since ancient times. They believed to offer a calming effect which assists in alleviating emotional disorders. Blue Agate is believed to be among the strongest crystal for stress and anxiety relief.
What do lava rocks do spiritually?
Will lava rock affect pH?
The lava rock is red due to the iron in it. It has no calcuim so it will have no affect on your ph.


How to build a Windows PE [Vista] CD/DVD that contains Ghost32.exe and then join a client machine to a Ghost Cast Server session to create or restore an image file.
Article:TECH109718 | Created: 2007-01-06 | Updated: 2013-10-22 | Article URL
Article Type
Technical Solution
It's been explained to you that imaging operations on server operating systems and computers that use a hardware RAID array must occur from a 32-bit Windows PE environment where the network interface card (NIC) drivers and mass storage controller drivers are included in that environment. You need to know how to build this Windows PE disk so that you can complete your imaging with the Ghost Cast Server.
The default 16-bit DOS environment that is used on regular Ghost Boot Disks does not correctly interpret hardware RAID arrays or server operating systems.
Symantec Technical Support for Windows PE is limited to the use and troubleshooting of Ghost. Support is not offered for configuring or troubleshooting Windows PE operations outside
the functionality of Ghost. The information below is provided "as is" and questions about Windows PE or the process used to create a Windows PE disk should be directed to Microsoft.
1. Download the Windows Automated Installation Kit (WAIK) located at the following URL:
2. Once you have WAIK download, burn the image file to DVD using 3rd party burning software or extract the contents of the image file to a folder.
3. The following components should be installed on a Windows XPSP2, Windows 2003 SP1, or Windows Vista computer. These components are all available on the WAIK DVD burned in step 2.
a..NET Framework Setup
b. MSXML 6.0 Setup
c. Windows AIK Setup (install last).
4. Click Start > All Programs > Microsoft Windows AIK > Windows PE Tools Command Prompt
5. Type the following commands at the command prompt:
a. copype.cmd x86 c:\winpe_x86
b. imagex /mountrw c:\winpe_x86\winpe.wim 1 c:\winpe_x86\mount
Next, you'll want to copy ghost32.exe, NIC drivers, and Mass Storage Controller Drivers to the PE disk. The NIC drivers and Mass Storage Controller drivers need to be Vista drivers.
c. copy "C:\Program Files\Symantec\Ghost\Ghost32.exe" c:\winpe_x86\mount\windows
d. copy "[NIC driver location]" c:\winpe_x86\mount\windows (Vista Drivers only)
e. copy "[Mass Storage Driver Location]" c:\winpe_x86\mount\windows (Vista Drivers only)
f. peimg /prep c:\winpe_x86\mount\windows
Type Yes to continue
g. imagex /unmount c:\winpe_x86\mount /commit
h. copy c:\winpe_x86\winpe.wim c:\winpe_x86\ISO\sources\boot.wim
Type Yes to overwrite
j. Burn the ISO located at c:\winpe_x86 to CD/DVD.
6. Boot your client machine with the new PE disk you built
7. When the PE environment is fully loaded, you'll see a command prompt. At the command prompt, type ghost32.exe and press [enter]
8. At this point, Ghost will open and you can perform imaging as you normally would:
a. Click GhostCast
b. Select Unicast/Multicast/Directed Broadcast
c. Type the name of the GhostCast Session to join
d. Click OK
e. Select the source/destination drive and Click OK
f. If you're creating an image, choose the level of compression to use. If you're restoring an image, you won't see compression options.
g. Click Yes when asked, "Proceed with Image File Creation?"
Note: To automate the opening of Ghost32.exe when you boot into the Windows PE environment, modify the startnet.cmd file prior to taking step 5E. You can find the startnet.bat file in c:\winpe_x86\mount\windows\system32\startnet.cmd. Underneath the winpeinit entry, enter the following command line and resave the file:
Walkthrough: Create a Custom Windows PE Image
Legacy ID
Article URL
Terms of use for this information are found in Legal Notices


Angrily in a sentence
use Angrily in a sentence
The woman shouted angrily at the children to stop teasing the dog.
The teacher shouted angrily at the children to stop throwing rocks at the school.
The boss flung the report at his secretary, and angrily told her to re-type it.
The young boy angrily threw his books on the floor in a gesture of defiance.
The little boy jammed his hands in his pockets, and walked away angrily.
He jerked his head around when he heard his father angrily shouting at him.
The young boy muttered angrily to himself when the teacher told him he had to stay after school.
The old man muttered something under his breath as his wife stomped angrily out of the room.
The woman walked angrily from the room, slamming the door behind her.
The girl slammed the phone down angrily.
The teacher angrily smacked her books on the desk and shouted to the children to sit down.


text:
The Loyal Order of Ancient Shepherds (Ashton Unity) was founded in Ashton-Under-Lyne, England, in 1826 as a "sick and burial club". It's popularity grew swiftly and the movement crossed the border into Scotland in 1868. The first lodge, the "Pride of Leven Lodge No1335" was founded in Dumbarton in 1868, in Glasgow in 1870 and in Edinburgh in 1876. In the 1990s, the society changed its name from the Loyal Order of Ancient Shepherds (Ashton Unity) to The Shepherds' Friendly Society and the society is still trading under this name.
You can click on most images to see larger images or more information.
We wish to buy Stevengraphs. One at a time or collections. We also seek photos, brochures or any
item of related history.
- Malcolm J Roebuck,
- Copyright © _PHONE_ Stevengraphs Bookmarks & Postcards Etc.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
In the answer to bibtex vs. biber and biblatex vs. natbib the advantages and disadvantages of Biber vs. BibTeX (and of natbib vs. biblatex) were explained. However, one point was omitted: The question of compatibility of bibliographies between BibTeX and biblatex.
After using BibTeX for a while, you get a collection of bibliographies in BibTeX style. Furthermore, many journals give BibTeX entries for citations on their home page. A lot of bibliography management programs either support BibTeX export, or even manage BibTeX files directly. Also, advanced editors like Emacs have special support for BibTeX bibliographies.
In short, there's a massive infrastructure for creating and managing BibTeX bibliographies and a big stock of existing ones. Moreover, as was noted in the other question, you cannot use Biber together with natbib, which is used by quite a few journals.
Therefore the following question arises: Is the bibliography format of Biber compatible with the bibliography format by BibTeX? Or if not, it there at least an automatic conversion tool?
Note that both directions are interesting: If Biber cannot use existing BibTeX bibliographies, this means that you have to convert every existing BibTeX bibliography, and do so also for BibTeX entries from journals (unless they also offer Biber, but often it's just BibTeX and EndNote) and bibliographies exported from bibliography management programs. On the other hand, if Biber files cannot be used for BibTeX and no conversion exists, it means that any Biber bibliography is useless for journals using natbib, and any programs interpreting directly BibTeX bibliography files cannot be used any more (including editor support).
Also, in case that Biber can read BibTeX files, but not vice versa: Does Biber still have advantages over BibTeX if the files are restricted to BibTeX-compatible ones?
share|improve this question
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3 Answers
up vote 24 down vote accepted
To parse BibTeX format files, Biber uses a C library called "btparse" which is, for all intents and purposes, 99.9% compatible with BibTeX. So, You should rarely have problem using Biber as a drop-in replacement for BibTeX. As mentioned by others, the issue is rather the slightly different data model which biblatex has compared with the data model in BibTeX.
So, your question really relates to the difference in data models between plain BibTeX and BibLaTeX, regardless of whether you are using Biber as the biblatex backend. Be aware that in the future, around BibLaTeX 2.x, BibTeX will no longer be supported as a biblatex backend as it has too many limitations. Of course BibTeX format data files will always be supported.
The more important question is, as you mention, what the advantages of Biber might be even if you are not using any of the biblatex data model specifics. Here are some advantages of Biber in this respect (you can get an idea by searching for the string "Biber only" in the biblatex manual), omitting the features which require data source changes:
 - Support of data sources other than.bib (currently, RIS, Endnote XML, Zoter RDFXML)
 - Support for remote data sources (.bib files available via ftp or http)
 - Support of other output formats (in 0.9.8 it will support GraphViz.dot output for data visualisation and conversion to the planned biblateXML format)
 - Full Unicode 6.0 support (including file names and citation keys)
 - A sorting mechanism which I think is probably as good or better than any commercial product - full Unicode, multi-field, per-field case and direction, CLDR aware and completely user configurable. BibTeX doesn't come close in this regard.
 - Automatic name and name list disambiguation. I think this is quite an impressive feature. See section 4.11.4 of the biblatex manual for a very good explanation of this with examples.
 - Completely customisable crossref inheritance rules. BibTeX has a very basic static rule only.
 - Automatic encoding and decoding, including UTF-8 <-> LaTeX macros
 - Very flexible configuration file "sourcemap" option which can be used to change the
 .bib data as it is read by Biber, without changing the actual data source itself. You
 can use this to do all sorts of things like drop certain fields, add fields, conditionally drop/add fields, change fields using full Perl 5.14 regular expressions (see Biber manual section 3.1.2).
This last feature is particularly interesting for you as you can potentially map your pure BibTeX.bib files into the biblatex model on the fly as Biber reads them but without altering the files. It's also very useful for dropping fields like abstract which often cause trouble due to LaTeX reserved characters.
There are also some other features implemented in Biber which are available in BibLaTeX 2.x:
 - Customisable labels
 - Multiple bibliographies in the same refsection with their own sorting/filtering
 - "Related" entries - a general solution to the issue of all these "reprinted as", "translated as" etc. requirements.
I forgot to mention that Biber automatically applies the BibLaTeX field and entrytype mappings (address -> location etc.) mentioned in the documentation. It does this by implementing some driver-level source mappings (see \DeclareSourcemap and its variants in the biblatex documentation).
share|improve this answer
Thank you for this answer. So if I understand you correctly, I can use standard bibtex.bib file and augment them with a file of transformation rules for biber/biblatex. So I can still use bibtex in cases where is is required, but yet use all biblatex features through transformation rules. Is that right? In that case, I think I'll revise my previous conclusion. – celtschk Dec 5 '11 at 11:43
Yes, that should be largely possible. – PLK Dec 5 '11 at 12:07
Maybe I'm missing something here, but I don't think that mapping really helps. Take the example I already mentioned, the bookauthor field. It doesn't exist in bibtex; now if I want to make use of this field in biblatex I have to actually write it in the.bib file. There is no way, to automatically map an author or editor field (which are the only ones traditionally supported by bibtex) into a bookauthor field, biber itself can't decide which editor is actually a bookauthor and which one has to remain an editor in biblatex. Mapping is only possible if a clear equivalent exist. – Simifilm Dec 5 '11 at 12:56
You're quite right - the mapping can only help when adding information if it is static and predictable from the information already in the data. It can't help you with completely new information. But in that case, you can add the new fields anyway and bibtex will ignore them if it doesn't know about them. – PLK Dec 5 '11 at 13:23
Thank you. I've now switched the accepted answer to yours because it contains the most relevant information. – celtschk Dec 5 '11 at 20:24
add comment
As a principle: the more you make use of biblatex/Biber's strengths, the harder it gets to go back to a traditional BibTeX workflow.
If you come with your BibTeX database and want to use it with biblatex/Biber there are only few areas you have to tweak: chapter 2.3 of the biblatex manual lists the following points:
 - The entry type _USER_. See §§ 2.1.1 and 2.3.1 for details.
 - The fields institution, organization, and publisher as well as the aliases address and school. See §§ 2.2.2, 2.2.5, 2.3.4 for details.
 - The handling of certain types of titles. See § 2.3.5 for details.
 - The field series. See §§ 2.2.2 and 2.3.7 for details.
 - The fields year and month. See §§ 2.2.2, 2.3.8, 2.3.9 for details.
 - The field edition. See § 2.2.2 for details.
 - The field key. See § 2.3.2 for details.
Not all of the changes will probably concern you and not all really result in incompatibilities.
The more you delve into biblatex and the more you make use of its unique types, fields and features, the more difficult it gets to go back, of course. The whole question of conversion between between the two actually becomes moot, since it's not really a question of different formats but of biblatex simply offering many things BibTeX has no equivalent for.
Just one example which was important for me: Traditional BibTeX doesn't have a bookauthor field which is a kind of deal breaker in certain areas of humanities. The fact that biblatex has this field was one of the main reasons I originally switched to biblatex. Now since BibTeX doesn't know about this field there's no sensible way to have a useful conversion between the two. The same is true for many other fields. So going to biblatex is a kind of a one way street after you crossed a certain point.


text:
Thermodynamics of Dimers on a Rectangular LxMxN Lattice.
The exact closed-form analytic solution of the problem of dimers on infinite two-dimensional and three-dimensional lattices is obtained. Entropy, isothermal compressibility, and constant pressure heat capacity of the system are given in terms of the normalized number density of dimers. The absolute activity of dimers is also given in terms of the normalized number density; it exhibits a behavior near close packing with a critical exponent exactly equal to 2, and with an amplitude 1/(4), where is the molecular freedom per dimer at close packing.
|Main Author:||Phares, Alain J.|
|Other Authors:||Wunderlich, Francis J.|


text:
You can achieve the requirement of using max() function in the data mapping having XSL transformer: "XALAN".
Following are the high-level steps that need to follow to use max() function in Data mapping:
1. Go to the Add Namespace option, under Namespace in Actions Menu in Data Mapper applet.
2. Now, simply copy the below-mentioned namespace in the text input area and click Ok button to add the namespace to XSL permanently.
' xmlns:math="_URL_ '
3. After adding the namespace, you can use the Max function by writing the below statement in the textual rule ( or wherever you want to use ).
' math:max(XPath of element) '
For example: If you want to find out the maximum age from records then simply write it as, math:max(/Root/Record/Age).
Note: The Max function is used for a node having the data type of number or string. The maximum is the result of converting the string value of the first node in this sorted list to a number using the number function
If the node-set is empty, or if the result of converting the string values of any of the nodes to a number is NaN, then NaN is returned.


text:
The IRATA Level 1 rope access training course is the entry-level operator qualification level. It's aimed at individuals with little or zero previous experience in environments in which ropes and associated equipment are used to gain access to hard-to-reach or at-height locations in order to carry out work. Click here for pricing information on an IRATA certification.
In this course, students will learn to operate the following rope access methods in a safe and efficient manner under direct supervision of an IRATA Level 3 technician:
Students complete the above coursework over a five-day period under supervision of an IRATA Level 3 technician, with four days of training followed by a one-day assessment. The course is designed to educate students about the following on-the-job situations:


text:
Aeromedical Causes of Accident Errors among Pilots and Aircraft Engineers in Nigeria
rrors in the aviation industry are considered among experts as major factors that cause accidents and incidents. This paper examines the aeromedical factors that account for incident or accident errors among pilots and aircraft engineers in Nigeria. The paper made use of data collected by administering questionnaires to randomly sampled respondents. A total of 300 questionnaires were administered to both pilots and aircraft engineers. Data were analysed using a combination of factor and multiple regression analyses. The extracted variables after factor rotation show that general health (78.20%) is the most significant cause of errors among air craft engineers. As regards pilots, disorientation (79.20%) was found as the most critical aeromedical cause of errors. The results of the multiple regression analysis show R = 0.651 for aircraft engineers and R = 0.607 for pilots. These findings reveal that aviation accidents and incidents arising from errors could be traceable to these aeromedical factors. The paper recommends that stringent enforcement of aeromedical conditions should be added to the licensing and recertification guidelines for aviation professionals so that accidents and incidents traceable to errors can be reduced to the barest minimum in the Nigeria aviation industry.


Statement of a problem № 41078
The surface tension of a liquid can be determined by measuring the force F needed to just lift a circular platinum ring of radius r from the surface of the liquid. (a) Find a formula for y in terms of F and r. (b) At 30o C, if F = 8.40 x 10-3N and r = 2.8 cm. calculate y for the tested liquid.
New search. (Also 5349 free access solutions)


text:
National Assocation of Teachers of Singing (NATS) Archives
The National Association of Teachers of Singing was established in 1944 as an educational and collaborative resource for the profession. Through workshops, conferences, events, and publications such as the Journal of Singing, NATS supports the teaching of singing worldwide. The NATS Archives contains documents, publications, recordings and memorabilia representing the history of the Association since the idea for the organization came into being in 1943.
Important Information for Users of the Collection
There are no restricted files in this collection.
National Assocation of Teachers of Singing (NATS) Archives, Special Collections, University of Maryland Libraries.
This collection is PROCESSED.A full finding aid is available.


Difference Between Trade or Non-Trade Cement
What is Cement?
Cement is a binding material called binding agent. We know cement is a main ingredient of building materials.
Cement is a commonly used binding material in the construction. The cement is obtained by burning a mixture of calcarious (calcium) and argillaceous (clay) material at a very high temperature and then grinding the clinker so produced to a fine powder. It was first produced by a mason Joseph Aspdin in England in 1924. He patented it as Portland cement.
Cement Marketing are two types
 1. Trade Cement marketing
 2. Non-Trade Cement Marketing
What is Trade Cement?
Trade cement is sold by the manufacture to the dealers and distributors, who in turn sell to the consumers.
 - Cement dealer, buy directly from cement company and sell also do retail sale from his shop.The dealer is incentive's to sell the product.
 - Trade cement are costly than non trade cement. All taxes to be paid at the time of delivery while in non trade cement taxes can paid in any month of financial year.
 - Selling Price involves share of dealers, retailers etc.
trade cement tutorials tips civil
Trade Cement BAG
What is Non-trade Cement?
Cement sold to direct customer like a construction company for self consumption (their project use), not to be resold to a third party falls under NonTrade Category.
non-trade cement
on Non-Trade cement bag written (Not for retail sale)Its Mean this type of cement bags is coming direct from plant.
 - Non-trade cement is that which sell by the manufacturer directly to the consumer (Builder, Contractor or and Institution involve in any project, NGO or Government). The dealer bypass.
 - Non-trade cements do not have heavy overheads and are cheaper as compared to trade cements. Consumers such as realtors, contractors, etc., purchase in bulk from the manufacturer.
 - In non trade the company can directly dispatch material from its factory to the destination of buyer without any doubt of middle men meddling with the product.
What is Water cement ratio?
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2 Responses
 1. kasimvali says:
 i want to do NON Trade Businesss how to apply for GST number and what are the rules
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text:
National Aviation Day Recipe Ideas
Celebrate National Aviation Day with a recipe! A recipe? That's right. When you think of this aircraft themed holiday, food probably isn't the first thing that pops into your mind. Making paper airplanes, visiting an airport or taking a tour of a historic airfield museum might all seem like activities that are more connected to this day than cooking. But, that doesn't mean you can't get into the kitchen (with your kids!) and create a few National Aviation Day themed treats.
Create a bento box style mini meal that looks like what you'd get on a plain. Pick a few fun finger foods, such as double-stacked sandwiches (cut into bite-sized pieces), carrots and celery or crackers and cheese. Place the food into a compartment-style lunch container or make your own out of a shallow cardboard box (use extra pieces of cardboard as dividers).
Rice Cereal Treats
Mix up a batch of rice cereal treats (you'll need the cereal, butter and marshmallows). While the mix is still warm, spoon it into airplane-shaped cookie cutters. Let the treats cool, and then use icing to decorate them.
Turn a few crackers, some fruit and cheese into a creative airplane snack. Make the body of the plain from a block of cheese. Add crackers underneath as wings. Cut another cracker in in half diagonally to make a tale and use grapes to make wheels.


$ realizing $\delta$, the following holds: $0\in H$ if and only if there exists $x_k$ with $\langle P, P-x_k\rangle >0$. (Very compact proof: If one of those exists, one can reduce $\delta$ by using the method of 3. As the new minimum may not lie on the boundary as it has not been found in the first run, $0\in H$ has to hold. Otherwise assume $0\in H$ and no scalar product fulfills the given condition. Then one can write $0$ as convex combination of the $x_i$ and express $0<||P||_2^2=\langle{P,P-0}\rangle$ and, using linearity of the scalar product, show that this is $\leq 0$ and thus getting a contradiction).
Putting all of this together one yields the following algorithm:
 1. Init $d_\min = \infty$.
 2. For $i\in\{0,\ldots, n-1\}$ do:
 1. Compute $n_i$ = $||x_i||_2^2$
 2. For ($j \in \{i+1,\ldots, n-1\}$ do
 1. Compute $s_{i,j}=\langle x_i, x_j\rangle$.
 2. Compute $n_j=||x_j||_2^2$.
 3. Decide:
 - If $s_{i,j}\geq n_i$ set $d=n_i, c=1$.
 - If $s_{i,j}\geq n_j$ set $d=n_j, c = 0$.
 - Else set $c = (n_i-s_{i,j})/(n_i+n_j-2s_{i,j})$ and $d=n_i- (n_i-s_{i,j})\cdot c$.
 4. If $d (1-c)s_{i,k}+c s_{j,k}$ return 0.
 4. Return $d_\min$.
This algorithm is based on the rules 1-5 above, however, the conditions are formulated a bit more efficient. Please apologize the incomplete reasoning. I found this solution appealing as it allows a lot of optimization in my special scenario. I already computed all norms of the $x_i$ somewhere else, so this is no further effort. Furthermore, the parent algorithm scans a set of values, successively replacing one $x_i$ with another $x_i'$ and then again computing the distance to the convex hull. This means that most of the distances can be saved and used later and for each iteration I only have to do very little work in updating and computing very few (as for my main problem, where $n=4$ it is 3) scalar products.
Thank you for your support and the in fact very valuable input.
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Your Answer


text:
How do you compute the volume of a cat?
Dunking it in water doesn't work– you only get the volume of the rat-like creature that lives inside the cat; much like the feeble alien within a Dalek. (And, if your answer had anything to do with contour integrals, get real.)
Here is a low-tech method that works: Using successive approximation, determine the smallest box that the cat will fully enclose itself in, and measure the size of that box. Cats tend to leave a few appendages hanging out of the corners– you may need to assist with folding the cat into the box for the final stages of approximation.
This cat is approximately 648 cubic inches in volume.


text:
Waterfield Family History
14-Day Free Trial
Waterfield Name Meaning
English (of Norman origin): habitational name from Vatierville in Seine-Maritime, France, so named from the personal name Walter + Old French ville 'settlement'.
Source: Dictionary of American Family Names ©2013, Oxford University Press
Similar surnames: Dangerfield, Wakefield, Canfield, Haverfield, Battenfield, Sherfield


Create a Waterfall Chart in Engage
Video not loading? Try it on Youtube
What is a Waterfall Chart?
The waterfall chart shows how an initial value is affected by a series of intermediate positive or negative values to arrive at a final value.
Imagine that you're trying to show the different positive and negative components which result in company profit like in the table below.
The waterfall chart makes it easy for your audience to visualize and interpret the different components and their effect on the total value.
With the waterfall chart above, people can see both the breakdown and impact that product revenue, service revenue, fixed costs and variable costs have on profit.
We can also add additional details by adding columns or stacks like in the example below where we show the breakdown of variable costs.
 Still can't find your answer? Email us


text:
State Assessed Property Appeals
In accordance with Article XIII, section 19 of the California Constitution, the Board of Equalization assesses certain public utility and other properties, specified below, and allocates the assessed values among the counties where the properties are physically located. Each county taxes the allocated value of state-assessed properties at the same rate as locally assessed properties.
State-assessed properties include:
- Pipelines, flumes, canals, ditches, and aqueducts lying within two or more counties and
- Property (except franchises) owned or used by regulated railway, telegraph, or telephone companies; railroad car companies operating on railways in the state; and companies transmitting or selling gas or electricity.


text:
I am a newbie to AX, and have some questions regarding to AX4.0 data decimal places storage.
As I know my company has the following AX4.0 decimal places setting:
- Amount: 2 decimal places
- Quantity: 4 decimal places
Here are my questions:
1) How many decimal places are exactly stored in AX4.0 DB in our case?
2) Why >2 decimal places values found in Excel (ver 2003) sum up ledger amount (expect to be "$0"), which exported from General Ledger Module, Ledger Transaction List" text report"? Total details as follow:
- Foreign Ledger Amount -$0.0000000314298063130
- Local Ledger Amount -$0.00000001198613517814
AX2012 R2 Newbie,Arqxlep
1) u can provide no of decimals in EDT property > NoOfDecimals, same is stored in DB too.
2) Question nt clear.... U r having 18decimal places in AX? Excel?
1) Will let u know tmr
2) We export a text file from AX40 transaction ledger list, and found 2 decimal places only in each ledger. But when opening the file in excel and sum up all the ledgers amount, the sum amount have > 2 decimal place come out.
That is what we not understand... Our setting of AX & Excel are as follow:
- AX: 2 dec places in Amount
- Excel: General


text:
Consistency of 3D femoral torsion measurement from MRI compared to CT gold standard
Wissenschaftlicher Artikel/Review - 28.08.2021
Häller Thomas Vincent, Schenk Pascal, Jud Lukas, Hoch Armando, Götschi Tobias, Zingg Patrick Oliver
Several hip and knee pathologies are associated with aberrant femoral torsion. Diagnostic workup includes computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). For three-dimensional (3D) analysis of complex deformities it would be desirable to measure femoral torsion from MRI data to avoid ionizing radiation of CT in a young patient population. 3D measurement of femoral torsion from MRI has not yet been compared to measurements from CT images. We hypothesize that agreement will exist between MRI and CT 3D measurements of femoral torsion.
CT and MRI data from 29 hips of 15 patients with routine diagnostic workup for suspected femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) were used to generate 3D bone models. 3D measurement of femoral torsion was performed by two independent readers using the method of Kim et al. which is validated for CT. Inter-modalitiy and inter-reader intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated.
Between MRI and CT 3D measurements an ICC of 0.950 (0.898; 0.976) (reader 1) respectively 0.950 (0.897; 0.976) (Reader 2) was found. The ICC (95% CI) expressing the inter-reader reliability for both modalities was 0.945 (0.886; 0.973) for MRI and 0.957 (0.910; 0.979) for CT, respectively. Mean difference between CT and MRI measurement was 0.42° (MRI - CT, SD: 2.77°, p = 0.253).
There was consistency between 3D measurements of femoral torsion between computer rendered MRI images compared to measurements with the "gold standard" of CT images. ICC for inter-modality and inter-reader consistency indicate excellent reliability. Accurate, reliable and reproducible 3D measurement of femoral torsion is possible from MRI images.


text: Stream Peak's Oxygen Absorber, O Sorb, is made from safe, non-toxic material. Oxygen Absorbers can be used to prolong the shelf life of food products. O Sorb is also known as Oxygen Scavengers or Oxygen Absorbent. Commonly used in food packagings such as pastries and snacks, Oxygen Absorbers are capable of reducing the aerobic environment to 0% oxygen. They prevent changes in the colour of food, prevent oils in food from becoming rancid, and retards the growth of oxygen-using aerobic microorganisms such as fungi. Without any aerobic bacteria and fungi growth, the shelf life of a food product will extend from 1 week to several months.


In line with the announcement of the start of Ramadan, our offices opening hours will remain the same. However, please note that reduced government office opening times may have an impact on order timings. Please get in touch for more information.
Attesting Russian Documents For The UAE
The attestation of Russian Documents can be quite a complicated process and varies depending on the type of document you wish to attest. The general process for all documents is detailed below.
How It Works
 - Send us your documents or have them collected by our specially allocated couriers.
 - We'll have them sent safely to Moscow, Russia, where four things will happen:
 1. The document will be sent to the Ministry of Justice where a stamp of authentication will be applied.
 2. Then, your document will be sent to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, where another stamp will be applied.
 3. Thirdly, your document will be sent to the UAE Embassy in Moscow, where a Certificate of Legalisation will be added to the front page.
 4. Fourth, your document will be translated from Russian into Arabic, and subsequently notarised for acceptance in the UAE.
 - Finally, your document will be returned to the UAE and attested at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA), before being sent back to you (or anywhere else you might need), safe and sound.
This process is the same across the board, though there can be some differences depending on the type of document you're trying to attest. For example, in the case of a Degree Diploma, it is often necessary to send the original copy of the completed degree to us before it can be attested. If it isn't possible for you to get the original copy though, it isn't a problem. We can help you legalise the copy of the Diploma, though there will be an extra charge.
In terms of the translation, costs will vary depending on the number of characters needing to be translated on your document. Please contact us for more information.
Request a Quote
Click the "Request a Quote" button above, or click here to be taken to our quote page. We aim to get back to you as soon as possible.
Why Vital Certificates?
As you can see, attesting a document can be quite complicated! Not to worry. Vital Certificates can handle the attestation process from end-to-end, regardless of the type of document you're trying to attest, which means you can sit back, relax and let us do the work.
We've helped thousands of clients have their documents attested, and haven't once had a document rejected in the UAE. Using our UAE attestation service gives you complete peace of mind and ensures that you get what you require in a timescale to suit your needs. Our staff are in constant contact with our legalisation partners in Russia, and as such are fully aware of the steps required to make sure your attestation goes smoothly.
Client Feedback
"This morning I received my attested documents back from you. They arrived by courier.
Firstly, I was very cautious about sending both my Russian wedding certificate and son's Kazakh birth certificate to you for UAE attestation services. The absolute difficulties and expense that could occur from trying to obtain replacement certificates should they have been lost is just simply incalculable. Anybody who has lived within these former CIS states will absolutely understand the challenges faced by anyone trying to obtain copies of original certification, let alone someone living outside these nation states. My fears were unfounded. You delivered prompt, efficient service and from start to finish the process took 29 days. This includes the courier time from when I sent the documents to your office in UAE from Thailand to me receiving the attested documents back in my hands.
Thank you again for your prompt, efficient service."
Jonathan Lettington - Dubai, UAE


Skip to definition.
Adjective: paid peyd
 1. Marked by the reception of pay
 2. Involving gainful employment in something often done as a hobby
 - nonrecreational
 3. Yielding a fair profit
 "This country has been recently concerned with the increase in paid employment among women";
 - gainful, paying
Verb: pay (paid) pey
 1. Give money, usually in exchange for goods or services
 - give
 3. Cancel or discharge a debt
 "pay up, please!";
 - pay up, ante up
 4. (investment) bring in
 "How much does this savings certificate pay annually?";
 - yield, bear
 5. Do or give something to somebody in return
 - pay off, make up, compensate
 6. Dedicate
 "pay attention to";
 - give, devote
 7. Be worth it
 "It pays to go through the trouble"
 8. Render
 "pay a visit"; "pay a call"
 10. Make a compensation for
 "a favour that cannot be paid back"
 11. Discharge or settle
 "pay a debt"; "pay an obligation"
See also: cashed, compensable, compensated, freelance, free-lance, fund, mercenary, paid-up, pay back, pay off, pay out, paying, post-free [Brit], postpaid, prepaid, professional, profitable, remunerated, remunerative, reply-paid, salaried, square, stipendiary
Antonym: unpaid
Encyclopedia: Paid


text:
Definition of blossom :
1. A blooming period or stage of development; something lovely that gives rich promise.
2. The color of a horse that has white hairs intermixed with sorrel and bay hairs; - otherwise called peach color.
3. The flower of a plant, or the essential organs of reproduction, with their appendages; florescence; bloom; the flowers of a plant, collectively; as, the blossoms and fruit of a tree; an apple tree in blossom.
4. To flourish and prosper.
5. To put forth blossoms or flowers; to bloom; to blow; to flower.
hot flash, flower, blossoming, stretch out, rash, charge, blooming, extremum, crown, summit, crest, florescence, skin rash, roseola, extend, gush, thrill, kick, prime, flush, acme, bloom of youth, peak, open, floweret, prime quantity, vizor, spread, point, spread out, better, inflorescence, boot, bang, blossom forth, stretch, blush, top, vertex, rush, flowering, meridian, tiptop, pinnacle, superlative, height, floret, unfold, heyday, eyeshade, prime of life, bill, blossom out, rosiness, visor, outpouring, anthesis, tip, efflorescence, salad days, elevation, bud, apex, bloom
- Yet many, many flowers blossom there. - "The Missourian", Eugene P. (Eugene Percy) Lyle.
- " I'm very sure I shouldn't, but Blossom--" " What, Mr. Jonathan?" - "The Miller Of Old Church", Ellen Glasgow.
- I no longer wish to know any other, nor if the fields are in blossom, nor what will become of the human spirit.... - "Atlantida", Pierre Benoit.


Sugaring Waxing
Does Sugaring waxing gets rid of all unwanted body hair?
Realy and truly you can apply sugaring waxing to all your body from your brows to your toes and everything in between.
The next hair removal trend is without a doubt Sugaring waxing, this treatment will captivate you because of its natural properties.
If you have not heard of sugaring waxing before, the method consists in applying a mixture of sugar, lemon juice and water to the skin and then stripping it off together with the hair.
The ancient Egyptians believed that a hairless body was a characteristic of status, success and power. They used the sugaring technique as the formula components were easy to obtain and the powerful method was proved to be very effective.
Does Sugaring waxing hurts less than normal waxing?
The sugaring waxing technique applied by our beauticians extracts the hair in the same direction of hair growth.
In other words, this technique implies less trauma on the skin and to the root of the hair, much less risk of breaking the hair instead of pulling it off and consequently reducing the prospect of ingrown hairs.
Sugaring waxing is clean and beneficial to your skin!
The sugaring wax is incredibly healthful, it's hypoallergenic and non-comedogenic meaning that it does not obstruct your skin pores!
The formula used by Beauty Dream beauticians creates a paste that has a very high concentration of sugar, creating an environment where bacteria cannot breed in the jar!
Beauty Dream sugaring paste formula gets rid of all undesired body hair and at the same time peels your skin smoothly.
Peeling means removing dead skin cells. Our sugar paste formula, differently than wax, will not stick to your live/active skin cells, because active skin cells are wet. Consequently improving the health of your skin.
Can Sugaring waxing lead to hair reduction?
Can Sugaring waxing lead to hair reduction?
Again, really and truly it depends on a series of factors, your skin, hormones, etc. Our experience has shown that after certain sugaring waxing treatments, the hair follicle begins to get weaker and more fragile. The hair starts to have a more shallow root and the growth becomes easier to be removed and much less pain are involved in each treatment. As sugaring wax can remove the smallest bits of hair in the skin layer called the anagen, it can lead to permanency with the time.
Book the sugaring waxing
The Sugaring wax provides softer skin and longer-lasting results by removing the hair deep from the root.
How can we compare Sugaring Wax to other waxing products and techniques?
Bikini Sugaring wax VS. normal Waxing
Sugaring promotes better skin health, lasts longer, it also can be less uncomfortable if done periodically.
Sugaring waxing doesn't cause ingrown hairs, the other way around, it can actually correct them!
In addition, sugaring wax is a natural exfoliating treatment for the skin and can lead to a constant reduction of hair growth.
Sugaring waxing VS. Shaving
In another hand shaving cuts the hair right at the skin's surface, producing a sharp end to the hair, that can be felt a few days after shaving.
Again sugaring wax is also better because it produces a natural peeling, eliminating dead skin cells. That peeling process through the sugaring technique means that you will get a smoothest and healthiest skin and the most delicious experience.
Sugaring waxing VS. Laser hair removal
The laser hair removal is much more expensive and it might not provide the expected results. The laser hair removal may or may not produce everlasting hair elimination if that is your intention in the first place.
The outcomes differ due to the person varying skin conditions and hair types.
While sugaring provides smooth results for three to four weeks and is very cost-effective.
Would like to give it a try?
Are you looking for an outstanding waxing experience in east London?
Book now your Sugaring wax treatment!
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ReZeitKon (German acronym for Time Rebound, Time Wealth and Sustainable Consumption) is an interand transdisciplinary research project funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF).
ReZeitKon is a joint project between TU Berlin (Division of Economic Education and Sustainable Consumption), Leuphana University Lüneburg (Institute for Environmental Communication) and the Fraunhofer Institute for System and Innovation Research ISI, Karlsruhe.
The project is accompanied by an advisory board including prominent representatives of relevant civil society institutions who have a longstanding expertise regarding the relationship between time and resource use with regard to work, education and consumption.
The concept of time wealth is explored in a variety of academic disciplines since the 1990s. Also in society, we can observe an increasing awareness towards the importance of time and time use for quality of life.
The way people deal with time has manifold consequences for society and environment. Time wealth and sufficiency are closely interrelated and can reinforce each other, whereas a lack of time might induce negative environmental implications, for example compensatory consumption.
So far, the literature defines time-rebound effects as additional use of natural resources due to free time, which result from the application of efficient technology and practices or the reduction of working hours. In parallel to such additional environmental effects, a more intensive use of time often also increases subjective perceptions of time pressure.
The objective of the ReZeitKon project is to empirically analyse the importance of time-rebound effects for sustainable consumption. In addition, we develop and evaluate measures that increase time wealth and at the same time reduce time-rebound effects.
Funded by:


Jesus emerged in the sky: Rome Italy
Thousand of Europeans observed glowing and bright shine of Jesus emerging clouds out of the sky in Rome Italy. Moment strengthened the faith of Jesus in their Hearts like never before. many Europeans cried and put the list of wishes, desires, and problems to Jesus and asked for forgiveness. Many people claimed this as unicorn moment in their life and believed them as extremely lucky souls. They hoped Jesus noted there demands and wishes and they expect their life would be better in the future.
Roughly it happened 4 decades back in France Europe that time and people who witnessed had same reaction. They believe the generation who got a chance to witness this moment or in any other way considered as special people. This time in Italy hundreds of witnesses claims to have a better future after Jesus assure them to be blessed.
jesus 22.jpg
Dramatic pictures have emerged showing what looks like a glowing image of Jesus above an Italian town as sunlight broke through the clouds. Alfredo Lo Brutto, from Agropoli, Italy, captured the figure bursting through grey skies above the sea while at his home. The shape created by the spectacular light show, at sunset on Friday, seemed to resemble the renowned Christ the Redeemer statue in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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text:
[Sca-cooks] Beehives from 900BC
gordonse at one.net
Wed Sep 5 05:33:06 PDT 2007
>JERUSALEM --Archaeologists digging in northern Israel have discovered evidence of a 3,000-year-old beekeeping industry, including remnants of ancient honeycombs, beeswax and what they believe are the oldest intact beehives ever found.
>The findings in the ruins of the city of Rehov this summer include 30 intact hives dating to around 900 B.C., archaeologist Amihai Mazar of Jerusalem's Hebrew University told The Associated Press.
>The beehives, made of straw and unbaked clay, have a hole at one end to allow the bees in and out and a lid on the other end to allow beekeepers access to the honeycombs inside. They were found in orderly rows, three high, in a room that could have accommodated around 100 hives, Mazar said.
More info at
More information about the Sca-cooks


text:
Declaratively add buttons to lightning flows, screens or communities
We created the Advanced Navigation button to fill a need in the user base. Salesforce is fantastic out of the box but there are limitations in particular with buttons. This managed package looks to meet some of those needs using clicks and not code.
The Advanced Navigation button, dubbed the "Magic button" by some, can be used for a variety of uses:
- Add bespoke navigation options in a flow. For example, replace the "Next" button with a "Save and View" button.
- Launch new record or edit page. For example, launch the create new account page with a specific record type.
- Auto launch a quick action. For example, automatically launch the new opportunity quick action when an account with the type "prospect" is created.
- Navigate to another page. For example, auto navigate to another record page when a certain status is reached.
The Advanced Navigation button allows the user to change the appearance and text on the button.
Choose what text should appear in the button itself. Text choices on buttons have traditionally been limited in Salesforce, and this removes that limitation to an extent. You can choose to have "Save", "Apply", "Click this here", "You are wonderful", whatever text you deem suitable.
"Button CSS style"
Specify the style using CSS if using "text". If text is not used i specifieds the style of the div containing the button. At present it is not yet possible to add styles directly to the button.
"Auto Start without button press"
Exactly as the name states. It will auto-launch your chosen functionality, eg: flow or redirect without any user interaction. You can have this on a page where you want an action to kick off as soon as the page launches to streamline processes.
"Navigate to URL"
This nifty action will guide the user to the specified URL/page when they click on the button. Say you want the finish action to take them to a specific website or another record page, this is a really easy way to do it.
"Launch a quick action"
This is an extremely useful functionality where you can use the button to launch a quick action: For example: add a task on a new opportunity, or create an invoice on a won opportunity. The quick action does need to be on the page layout for this to work, and this needs to be populated with the API name of the quick action
Expands your choices beyond the standard Flow buttons. You can turn them off and use the Navigation Button to set the flow action to either: next, pause, or finish.
"Output: Button Clicked?"
Use this to ascertain if a button is clicked in a flow. When the button is clicked it will set the variable here to true. This is useful if you have multiple buttons on the page to see which button was clicked on the flow screen.
"New Record:Object Name"
If you want to launch the create a record screen enter the object name here.
"New Record:Recordtype ID"
Only populate if you want to create a record. Enter the record ID to use. This alters picklist values and page layout choices.
"New Record:Predefined Variables"
You can prefill fields on the page. To do so add in the values in a JSON style format. Field:Value. "APiFieldName:Value,APiFieldName:Value"
For example, "FirstName:Ben" or "FirstName,Ben,LastName:Smith"
"Edit: Specific record Id to edit"
If you want to edit you can pass a specific record ID through to edit that record. For example a related record.
If blank it uses the recordId from the page it is on
"Edit:Do you want to edit a record?"
Mark as true if you want to launch the edit record page.


text:
What is the Practicum Administration System (PAS)?
The PAS is an online database which uses an algorithm to match students with interviews and practicums based on student selections from the available opportunities. Each student has a profile on the PAS. Students use the PAS to view descriptions of available practicums, make their interview selections, view finalized practicum assignments and submit their self-evaluation. Field instructors use the PAS to provide information about their practicum, view assigned student names, and submit evaluations.


text:
KUWAIT CITY, Sept 28: Ministry of Education and Higher Education became the gateway for fake certificates due to lack of scrutiny about the sources of certificates, reports Al-Shahed daily.
The daily quoting sources said the Ministry of Higher Education depends on the Cultural Office to endorse certificates, although the latter's routine task does not allow for scrutinizing the content of certificates.
They added the Ministry of Education and Higher Education endorses Medicine and Engineering certificates issued by universities in countries that have no cultural offices in Kuwait, leading to infiltration of the job market with fake certificates. Sources pointed to expatriate teachers flooding the Ministry of Education without necessary approval due to widespread influence (wasta) and favoritism. They stated many reasons for appointing such teachers, including low salaries.
They reiterated the committee formed by the Minister of Education and Higher Education Dr Bader Al-Essa to investigate fake certificates was merely a routine procedure, indicating no positive result came out of its activities due to the interference of some politicians and influence.


text:
The surname Spink in my family tree is from my paternal line. At the moment I have 27 people with this surname. The earliest person is my 4x great grandfather William Spink who was born about 1764, probably in the Linton area of the Yorkshire Dales.
According to surnamedb the name Spink is of Anglo-Saxon origin. It is said to derive from a nickname given in the first instance to someone thought to resemble a finch in some way. Possibly with reference to its brightly coloured plumage or sweet singing voice.
A large number of early medieval surnames were gradually created from the habitual use of nicknames, given with reference to a variety of characteristics, such as
- a person's physical attributes or peculiarities
- mental or moral qualities
- a fancied resemblance to an animal's or bird's appearance or disposition
- habits of dress, or
The first recorded spelling of the family name is believed to be that of Roger Spinc dated 1133 in the "Chartulary of Ramsey Monastery", Bedforshire. Other early recordings are :-
Thomas Spink listed in the Assize Rolls of Northumberland in 1256; the marriage of Edmonde Spincke and Alice Madison in Stepney, London on 5th September 1604; and the marriage of Stephen Spink and Ann Ring on 29th October 1696.


text:
Have you ever faced that awkward moment, when you sent an SMS to a wrong person and felt ashamed? I wish you have not! Be proactive and save yourself from such an embarrassing situation. We have an option available for you to get control over a sent message. You can still cancel the delivery of an SMS even when you have sent it. This thing happens on smartphones usually when you have installed message apps more than one, and they get conflicted.
No doubt, you can't cancel a sent message with an android system. So you need another system or more advance app to help you operate even when you have sent an SMS wrongly. And with the help of TigerText app you can make it happen! TigerText is an SMS app, which can be used in place of default SMS app of an android system. This is not like Whatsapp, so if your contacts can't have it they will still receive your text messages. So, stay relaxed when you are texting or doing some work, TigerText will help you in number of ways.
TigerText can help you protecting your messages as well as canceling of the sent SMS. Doesn't it sound like you are reading a dream come true type post? Do you want to know how does it work? Let's figure out:-
- Type your text after selecting new message.
- Now, send the message and long press when sending message
- You can now select the Recall option. This should be done before the opening and reading of the message by the recipient.
- This is the time you will see that green icon does not exist anymore, so the message was sent successfully.
So, tell us how you found TigerText. Did it work for you? Share you good or bad experiences in the comment section below.


Alexandru Solomon To Investigate TARZAN'S TESTICLES
Todd Brown, Founder and Editor
Half the battle in making a compelling documentary is selecting a compelling topic and Romanian producer / director Alexandru Solomon has got himself a doozy in Tarzan's Testicles. Solomon will be exploring actual research done by the Abkhazian Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Pathology and Therapy throughout the Soviet era which attempted to cross breed humans with monkeys. Says FNE about the project:
Once a part of the Soviet Union, Abkhazia is now a disputed territory, with a handful of nations - Russia among them - recognizing it as independent while most of the world considers its territory to be a part of the Republic of Georgia. Georgia officially considers it an autonomous republic with its government sitting in exile in the Georgian capital of Tblisi, while officially listing it as a Russian occupied territory. Let's just say the local politics are thorny.
Tarzan's Testicles is in planning now with a release planned for 2014.
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Home Heritage Useful Scots words Useful Scots word: peelie-wally
Useful Scots word: peelie-wally
by Betty Kirkpatrick
Picture: paukrus
Picture: paukrus
Many of us who have a Celtic genetic inheritance have very fair skins. Usually this creates no problems and a fair skin can be a decided beauty asset. Pale skin looks fine against a background of its native heath, but transfer it to a sun-baked foreign beach and things change dramatically. Pale skin can stand out like an unfortunate sore thumb when surrounded by a sea of bronzed bodies. The Scots word peelie-wally springs to mind.
Peelie-wally, also spelt peelie-wallie and with wally pronounced to rhyme with sally, can mean pale, but in this sense it is far from being a compliment. You might describe a flawless porcelain complexion as pale, but you are very unlikely to describe it as peelie-wally. Rather, peelie-wally means pallid or washed-out looking, like the odd pale body among a multitude of sun-tanned ones.
Peelie-wally is often used to refer to the kind of paleness that accompanies ill health. If a child is looking peelie-wally it is often a sign of impending sickness of some kind. In fact, peelie-wally can mean ill-looking or sickly or, by extension, thin or feeble.
Things as well as people can be described as peelie-wally when something colourless or insipid is being referred to. For example, you might refer to the beige décor of someone's house as peelie-wally if you are the sort of person who prefers strong colours. Or you might criticize the pastel colours of someone's dress as being too peelie-wally. If you like a strong cup of tea you might describe a weaker form of the beverage as peelie-wally.
An activity or performance of some kind can also be referred to as peelie-wally when it lacks vigour or vitality. Not surprisingly, this use usually occurs in connection with Scotland's obsession with football. Apparently there are many instances of peelie-wally performances on the pitch.
The expression peelie-wally started life out simply as peelie. This is likely to have a connection with the Scots word palie meaning sickly, listless, delicate or stunted in growth and palie is, in turn, likely to be connected with English pale.
However, it has been suggested that the origin of the peelie of peelie-wally may be imitative of a kind of whining, feeble noise made by people who are ill. As for the wally, it may just have been added for effect and may have been influenced by the Scots word paewae meaning pallid, sickly or insipid. The suggestion that there is a connection with the whiteness of wallie, meaning china or porcelain, seems less likely.
But back to our sun-baked beach. There is good news for the peelie-wally. Now that over-exposure to the sun is known to cause major skin problems, official health advice is to cover up in the sun. There is now no need to reveal yourself in all your peelie-wally glory on the beach. In any case, the peelie-wally skin does not bronze. It just goes an unattractive shade of red.
 - Anither Rab
 A've heard tell that in India "peelah wallah" (no shair aboot the spellin) means "pale man" an wis yaised tae descrive a body that wis no weel an the expression wis brocht hame bi Scottish sodgers as "peelie-wally".
 - Ostrakon
 You may be on to something…the expression is Pilau Wallah, used by Indians for a white or yellow coloured man.
 I suppose it would all come down to the first recorded usage of the expression Peely-Wally and whether it preceded the addition of the Indian subcontinent to the British Empire
 - _URL_ theresa mccardle
 Thank you Betty Kirkpatrick for a consistently informative and witty column on Scots words. As one educated in Scottish schools that frowned on the use of the "mither tongue" as coarse, I am delighted to savour the flavour of Scots as it is still spoken. The column on "peely-wally" filled me with the glow of approval. Theresa McCardle