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City of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
The City of Saskatoon is located in western Canada, and has a population of approximately 200,000. The City continues to be anchored by a lush natural river valley as it was when it was founded in 1881.
As with most other North American towns and cities, Saskatoon faces many challenges in dealing with worn-out infrastructure. Prior to 1996, some reinvestment had occurred on high-volume collector and arterial roads, but virtually no major works had occurred on residential streets. Citizens had to wait for sewer and/or water system replacement projects before they could expect any major reconstruction of their street.
In 1995, City staff prepared a report for council that addressed the need for reinvestment in residential streets. The report, based on the findings of a comprehensive condition study and pavement management analysis, concluded that a significant investment was required in order to keep residential streets in a reasonable condition.
The report went on to discuss the potential for introducing micro-surfacing as a treatment for residential streets. Micro-surfacing is a mixture of emulsion, aggregate, water, and mineral filler which is cold-placed in a thin layer on the road surface, thus sealing surface irregularities and reducing moisture infiltration into the road structure. Micro-surfacing was invented in the 1930s in Germany, and has been used successfully by many agencies throughout the world as a pavement preservation treatment.
Based on a life-cycle cost analysis, the report concluded that should micro-surfacing be introduced as a treatment in Saskatoon, the five-year funding requirements for the network would be approximately $3.9 million.
If only "traditional" methods of treatment were used, the average annual investment required to keep streets in a similar overall condition would be $8.1 million. In Saskatoon, "traditional" meant to perform routine maintenance until the road failed; then reconstruct.
City council accepted the report, including administration's recommendation to introduce micro-surfacing as a treatment, and dedicated $1.25 million dollars for the 1996 construction season.
In 1996 and every year since, the City has tendered a yearly micro-surfacing program for residential streets. The objectives of the program are to repair road failures, ensure that there is positive drainage from the pavement surface, and resurface the pavement with micro-surfacing. Road repairs and leveling are performed by City crews using hot-mix asphalt for fills and road profilers for cuts. All micro-surfacing is carried out through publicly-tendered contracts.
One key to the success of the micro-surfacing program was convincing council, City staff, and the public that the City needed to spend money on roads that, from a driver's perspective, were performing fine. Preventive maintenance treatments, such as micro-surfacing, would prevent these roads from failing prematurely. The City could not dedicate sufficient funds at that time to both rehabilitate streets that had failed as well as perform micro-surfacing on streets requiring preventive maintenance.
City council accepted administration's recommendation to focus efforts on the preventive maintenance approach. Statements such as "an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure," or "think of it like changing oil in your carâ€"a small cost now will save you huge costs down the road" were often used to calm down taxpayers who didn't understand why we were fixing up other roads while their road was in need of reconstruction.
Council, administration, and the general public have raved about the program ever since its introduction. To date, approximately 24 percent of the City's residential streets have been micro-surfaced.
In 2000, City administration reviewed the condition of micro-surfaced streets in order to determine whether the treatment was meeting the desired intent. Failures were measured and categorized as either "delamination" failures (micro-surface had peeled off) or "thinness" failures (micro-surface had worn through).
Of the 461,886 square metres that were rated, only 1.1 percent (4,968) square metres had failed. Further analysis showed that, on average, micro-surfacing on residential streets was failing at a rate of 0.4 percent per year (4 square metres failed for every 1,000 square metres placed). This failure rate exceeded administration's expectations and confirmed observations that the treatment was performing extremely well. Success of the program is attributed to the skill and commitment of both the City crews who perform the preparatory work as well as the contractors who carry out the micro-surfacing itself.
The report also made two major recommendations for further work to be undertaken. The first recommendation was based on quantifying the overall cost effectiveness of the program. Although administration believes that the program is extremely cost effective, a comprehensive study, including life-cycle cost comparisons, needs to be done in order to ensure that the funding being dedicated to micro-surfacing is in fact the most appropriate way to preserve pavements.
The second recommendation is based on ensuring that life expectancy of the micro-surfacing treatment is maximized. "Influence factors," such as emulsion source, relative humidity during construction, mix design results, aggregate quality, application rate, and other factors will be tracked in detail during construction to help enable the City to develop correlations between these factors and actual performance. This type of analysis, combined with keeping on top of industry research and best practices, will help ensure that the City of Saskatoon is getting the maximum life out of our micro-surfacing treatment.
Due in large part to the success of the leveling/micro-surfacing initiative, the City of Saskatoon's residential streets are now in much better overall condition than they were in 1996. In 2000, council began phasing in an annual program of $1.5 million annually which is dedicated to the rehabilitation of residential streets that have failed completely.
The City is now reaping the benefits of a preventive maintenance approach. Had the City maintained our "fix it when it fails" approach rather than the micro-surfacing approach, we would be facing a much different residential street condition than we are now. The micro-surfacing program has allowed us to get the most out of our existing pavements, resulting in surplus funds that can now be used to rehabilitate roads that have reached the end of their service life.
To reach Jeff Jorgenson, call _PHONE_ or send a Fax to _PHONE_.


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Due to inclement weather conditions, Charles County Public Schools (CCPS) will operate on a Virtual Instruction, Code V tomorrow, Friday, Feb. 19, 2021. The following applies to students during a Virtual Instruction, Code V.
- Virtual instruction starts on time for all students.
- Learning support centers and internet cafes at schools are closed. This includes those students who are bused to internet cafes for technology access.
- All CCPS meal service is canceled. This includes both curbside meal distribution sites and the mobile meals program.
- Some students may be assigned asynchronous lessons from teachers.
- Students who do not have access to virtual instruction on a Code V day: parents must submit an absence note to the school for an excused absence. Students will have 72 hours to access recorded instruction and allowed to make up assignments.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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The addresses are in once column, and the only seperator between addresses is an empty row. I have 5000 addresses and each has approx 4 - 6 fields seperated by rows. The data is pre-formatted from another system.
Anyone know if this can be seperated out into columns per address? I was thinking a macro may do it, but I think the problem is too complex for text-to-columns or any other basic formula.
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You might be able to use RealCool Import Manager to do this. It lets you identify recurring fields in a text file (see this screenshot) as fields, then parse the file to extract them into separate Excel columns.
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Water + Mandarin Experiment
- A bucket of water
- A mandarin
Method: fill a bucket with water and put mandarin in and see what happens.
My experience: So first we put the mandarin in the water and it was struggling to float(it still did though). Next we peeled the mandarin and put it in. It sank to the bottom like a rock. Then we put the peels in and they floated. Then my friends put the piece onto the peel and put it in the water it floated. I found out that for mandarins the skin is what keeps the buoyant.


IHSS Provider Wait and Travel Times
IHSS Provider Wait and Travel Times
IHSS gives services to help you stay at home if you cannot take care of yourself because of your disability. This pub tells you about getting IHSS hours for help getting to the doctor. It also tells you if you can get IHSS hours for doctor trips for a child.
1. Can I receive IHSS hours for my provider to take me to doctors' appointments?
Yes, this is called "accompaniment to medical appointments." Medical accompaniment to "health care appointments" (e.g. medical appointment at a doctor's office, dentist and to other health practitioners) is an IHSS service certain IHSS recipients can receive. Medical accompaniment can be authorized when a recipient needs another IHSS service in order to get to and from a medical appointment or alternative resource, and/or at their destination.1 For example, if a recipient has been authorized for accompaniment to medical appointments, the provider can also be paid to help the IHSS recipient travel to and from medical appointments.
Examples of help with travel includes things like helping a recipient get in and out of a vehicle, getting properly seated, and using seat belts. To get authorized for medical accompaniment, you should tell your IHSS social worker that you have a medical appointment and that you need your IHSS provider's assistance to get to the medical appointment. The IHSS social worker will then assess your need for assistance in getting to and from medical appointments.2 IHSS care providers are not required to use their own vehicle to transport recipients to and from a medical appointment. However, an IHSS recipient can pay their care provider for the use of their vehicle to transport the recipient to and from the recipient's medical appointments.
2. Can an IHSS provider get paid for time spent waiting at an IHSS recipient's doctor's appointment?
Yes. As of February 1, 2016, providers can receive payment for time spent waiting at medical appointments. In order to be paid for waiting at a medical appointment, the provider has to show that while they are at a recipient's medical appointment, they cannot leave because they cannot predict how long the recipient's appointment will take. An example would be when a provider takes a recipient to a medical appointment and the provider has to wait at the medical office because, at any moment, they may have to take the recipient home. This means the provider is "engaged to wait" or "Wait Time —On Duty."
When a recipient is authorized for medical accompaniment, if all the following conditions are met, then the provider will be considered "Wait Time —Off Duty" (which means they will not be paid for any time spent waiting for the recipient):
 1. The amount of time the appointment will take is known in advance which would allow the provider plenty of notice that they will not be needed to provide services during that time and which can then be used for their own purposes;
 2. The appointment is scheduled to last enough time for the provider to conduct personal business; and
 3. The provider is not required to perform any other authorized service, e.g., food shopping, other shopping/errands, during the appointment time.
If all the above conditions are met, then the recipient must tell the provider that they do not have to work until a specified time when they must return to accompany the recipient home. The provider will not be paid for this time. If all the above conditions are NOT met, the provider is considered to have "Wait Time —On Duty," and they must be paid for the time they spend waiting for the recipient.
You can find more information on wait times in All County Letter No. 16-01. 3
3. What if I need my provider to take me to an alternative resource? Can they still get paid to wait for me?
Individuals can receive transportation to a site where alternative resources provide in-home supportive services to the recipient in lieu of IHSS. 4 In general, for individuals who receive time for medical accompaniment to an alternative resource, the time an IHSS provider is waiting would not to be compensable because recipients are usually dropped off and picked up at a certain time. Normally, a provider cannot be paid for the wait time associated with accompaniment to alternative resource sites because the provider can effectively use that time for their own purposes and it is considered Wait Time Off-Duty. 5 However, in order to determine whether wait time is paid, the social worker must determine whether or not a provider is using "Wait Time-On Duty" or if the provider is using "Wait Time-Off Duty." 6
4. Can a minor receive IHSS hours for accompaniment to doctors' appointments?
There are special requirements to get medical accompaniment authorized for minor recipients. Medical accompaniment for minors can only be authorized if the minor recipient has an "assessed extraordinary need," the appointment is for a specialist, and the minor recipient has a need for an authorized IHSS task to be performed during travel to or from the appointment.
To get medical accompaniment and associated wait times authorized for a minor recipient, each of the three following conditions must be met:
 1. The minor recipient must have an assessed extraordinary need. An extraordinary need is a need that is based on the functional impairment due to the minor's disability and the need is beyond what would normally be expected for a minor of the same age without the functional impairment.
 2. The appointment(s) must be with a physician or other licensed health care professional in a specialty care discipline and the appointment must be related to the minor's disability or functional impairment. Medical Accompaniment may not be authorized for routine appointments with the minor recipient's pediatrician or primary care physician, such as well-baby/child visits, annual check-ups, immunizations, visits related to common childhood illnesses/injuries, etc.
 3. The minor recipient must have a need for an authorized IHSS task(s) during travel to and/or from the appointment, or at the appointment.
The guidelines for authorizing wait time for adult recipients are not applied in minor recipient cases. This is because a parent is typically expected to be present during a child's medical appointment so that they can participate in a discussion with the medical professional about the child's health and make decisions about treatment and care. The social worker should include the wait time in the authorization of hours. You can find more information and examples in All County Letter No. 17-42.
5. Can an IHSS provider get paid for travel time between recipients?
Yes. IHSS providers can be paid for travel time. Travel time is the time it takes a provider to travel directly from the location where they care for a recipient to another location to provide services for a different recipient on the same day. However, a provider cannot get paid for the travel time to and from his or her home to any IHSS recipient's location. In addition, providers can only be reimbursed for 7 hours of travel time per week. 7
Providers who have multiple recipients should contact the county in order to complete form SOC 2255 and submit it to the IHSS office. This form must be completed in order for the provider to be compensated for their travel time.
1 See Welfare and Institutions Code § 12300(b), and Manual of Policies and Procedures (MPP) Section 30-780.1(b)(5)(A)-(B)).- (Return to Main Document)
2 See MPP Section 30-757.15.- (Return to Main Document)
3 All County Letter No. 16-01, dated January 7, 2016, is available online at this link for the PDF.- (Return to Main Document)
4 MPP Section 30-757.154.- (Return to Main Document)
5 See All County Letter No. 17-42, dated June 23, 2017, available online at this link; see also All County Letter No. 14-82, dated November 25, 2017, available online at this link for the PDF.- (Return to Main Document)
6 For more information, see ACL No. 17-42, available online at this link, and ACL No. 14-82, available online at this link for the PDF. - (Return to Main Document)
7 Information on travel time is here: link to the PDF on Travel Time for In-Home Supportive Services providers from the CA Department of Social Services website. - (Return to Main Document)
Click links below for a downloadable version.


7 Of The Most Common Mistakes People Make With Pasta
Who doesn't love a good bowl of pasta? Pasta is there for us in our times of need, like when we forget about dinner and people are starting to get hangry. Noodles, meet sauce—and dinner is served!
But here's the thing about our favorite quick and easy dinner: with a few low-effort changes to our cooking, we can all make pasta that is perfectly cooked and genuinely delicious! All it takes is avoiding a few key pasta mistakes.
So today I'll be sharing 7 of the most common mistakes that people make when it comes to pasta. By avoiding these behaviors, you can take your pasta dishes from a pile of noodles to a gourmet meal! :-)
7 Pasta Mistakes That Are Surprisingly Common
1. Using A Too-Small Pot
Sure, it can be a bit of pain to wash your big pasta pot, but it's no excuse to use a smaller pot! You'll always get better results cooking your pasta in a big pot with lots of water than a small pot with less water.
The extra space gives the pasta room to move around while it cooks. And the more it can move, the less likely it is you'll end up with sticky, unevenly cooked pasta globs.
2. Pouring Sauce On The Pasta
The final stages of the cooking process can make or break a pasta dish! The simple act of marrying your pasta and sauce together on your stovetop can make the difference between a delicious, gourmet pasta dish and a bowl of sauced noodles.
While the pasta is cooking, make or warm your sauce in a wide pan on your stovetop. When the pasta is 1-2 minutes shy of being done, move it over to the sauce and finish cooking it there.
It only takes a couple of extra minutes, and you'll love the difference it makes!
3. Not Using The Pasta Water
That salty, starchy pasta water can make a big difference in your finished dish! The starchiness will help add body to your sauce, and help the sauce stick to the noodles themselves.
You can either save a small amount of the pasta water to add to your sauce, or just make sure your noodles are still a bit wet when you transfer them over to your sauce.
4. Adding Oil To The Cooking Water
You don't need to add oil to your pasta water. Some people do this to prevent long noodles from sticking together, but noodles are supposed to be sticky and starchy! (If they aren't, the sauce won't really adhere to them.)
And if you finish your pasta in the sauce, you won't have to worry about the noodles sticking together anyway. So skip the oil!
5. Serving Pasta On A Plate
Even if you have a relatively thick pasta sauce, it's still a good idea to serve pasta in a bowl instead of on a plate. The curved bowl will keep your pasta warmer for longer than a plate, and it usually makes it a bit easier to eat.
6. Not Waiting For The Water To Boil
I realize that as an impatient person myself, it's a bit rich for me to be advocating for patience. But we should all be a bit more patient when it comes to bringing our pasta water to a boil!
If you add your noodles to the water before it starts boiling, it will take even longer to get it up to the boiling point. And until that happens, your noodles will just be steeping in warm water and their texture will likely suffer for it.
7. Putting Pasta In Your Garbage Disposal
Leftover pasta should go in your fridge, the trash can, or really anywhere other than your garbage disposal! Pasta expands considerably when wet, and anything that expands spells out bad news for a garbage disposal.
So avoid those potentially nasty clogs and expensive repairs by making your disposal a No Pasta Zone!
What's the best pasta dish you've ever eaten?
_TAG_ _TAG_ _TAG_ _TAG_ _TAG_
HowToCookPasta BrightIdeas PastaMistakes PastaTips PastaDishes
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Selenium Webdriver PageFactory Worked Example
I found that, while adequate, the standard selenium examples for PageFactory were not quite enough to smoothly get me started. After asking around I saw that, contrary to the example, the most common practice seems to be to use the PageFactory inside the PageObject's constructor rather than from the client class. I will illustrate this with code to test Blackboard Learn, my employer's product starting with a simple login test. It is my hope that through more examples people can help get started more easily.
So, first the client code that uses this PageFactory generated PageObject
public class LearnQA {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
 WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
 String url = "";
 LearnLoginPage loginPage = new LearnLoginPage(driver, url);
 // Creds set elsewhere
 LearnHomePage homePage = loginPage.loginAs(USERNAME, PASS);
Basically, with a nice neat PageObject all we need to do is instantiate the page, "LearnLoginPage" in this example, and then perform the requested test such as logging in as a particular user. This hides the complexity of the page from the user of the class and we can change things internally without impacting anyone.
As for the actual LearnLoginPage, this uses the convenience of the PageFactory to reduce boiler plate code. First the listing -
public class LearnLoginPage {
 _USER_(how = How.CLASS_NAME, using = "login-page")
 private WebElement loginPageClass;
 _USER_(how = How.ID, using = "user_id")
 private WebElement usernameBox;
 _USER_(how = How.ID, using = "password")
 private WebElement passwordBox;
 _USER_(how = How.NAME, using = "login")
 private WebElement loginButton;
 private WebDriver driver;
 private String url;
 protected LearnLoginPage(WebDriver driver, String url) {
 this.driver = driver;
 this.url = url;
 PageFactory.initElements(driver, this);
 By loginPageTag = By.tagName("body");
 if (! "login-page".equals(driver.findElement(loginPageTag).getAttribute("class"))) {
 throw new IllegalStateException("This is not the login page");
 public LearnLoginPage typeUsername(String username) {
 return this;
 public LearnLoginPage typePassword(String password) {
 return this;
 public LearnHomePage submitLogin() {
 return new LearnHomePage(driver);
 public LearnHomePage loginAs(String username, String password) {
 return submitLogin();
Instead of the tedious WebElement finding we can now use the "FindBy" annotations to pre-populate the various web elements we are going to use. Such as the username/password fields and the login button. I believe this results in much more readible code.
Finally we have a couple of methods to
 - Type the username - typeUsername
 - Type the password - typePassword
 - Submit the login - submitLogin
 - And, finally, a convenience method that combines all of the above into one operation called "loginAs".
Categories:,


There are two sets of credentials you might need when renaming a scheduled task using Rename-ScheduledTask.ps1:
 - The -ConnectionCredential parameter specifies the credentials to use to connect to the schedule service on the computer where the task is stored (either the local computer or a remote computer). If you aren't a member of the Administrators group on the computer hosting the task, you can connect to the schedule service using administrator credentials.
 - The -TaskCredential parameter specifies the credentials for the task itself, if needed. Task credentials are needed only when the task's Run whether user is logged on or not option is selected and the Do not store password option is not selected. If credentials are required and you don't specify the
 -TaskCredential parameter, the script will prompt you for credentials.
Both the -ConnectionCredential and -TaskCredential parameters require a PSCredential object as their argument. A PSCredential object securely stores a username and password for use in security operations. However, there is an important caveat you need to know about: Rename-ScheduledTask.ps1 converts the secure passwords in PSCredential objects to plain text because the scripting object model doesn't support PSCredential objects.
You can easily create PSCredential objects by using the Get-Credential cmdlet. Run the command
Get-Help Get-Credential
at a PowerShell prompt for more information about PSCredential objects.
Back to main article.


text:
College Internships and Fellowships
The Schiele Museum's college internship and fellowship program is designed to provide an educational opportunity for students in the area of museum practice, research and programming through guided work/research experiences using the resources of the museum. An internship at The Schiele Museum is a prearranged, structured learning experience scheduled within a specific time frame under the direct supervision of Schiele staff and may apply toward academic credit.
Opportunities for Research and Study
Click the links below to learn about specific opportunities, as well as deadlines, addresses and other specific information regarding various internship programs.
Projects vary by department and past projects include:
- Archaeology: fieldwork on prehistoric sites and artifact analysis
- Education: assist with developing, presenting and evaluating public programs and workshops
- 18th Century History and Backcountry Lifeways: researching and presenting living history programs
- Aboriginal Studies and Primitive Skills: learning primitive skills and assisting with programs and workshops
- Exhibits: fabricating and installing exhibits, developing databases for exhibitions, developing press kits and editing label text
- Visitor Services: developing and evaluating visitor guides and giving tours
- Collections: organizing and cataloging photos, monitoring museum environmental conditions and assisting with upgrading collections storage
Most interns work 15 to 25 hours a week. Some interns choose to find a part-time job to help support their stay.


text:
Billy Biggs
Tue Jun 17 21:50:21 EDT 2003
Alexander Kellett, a KDE developer, was looking for a way to dynamically change the colours in a desktop theme, but still keep the set of colours consistent. Imagine taking a theme where the icons are predominantly blue and changing it to a red-based colour scheme.
My suggestion was to rotate the colours using the hue angle from a perceptual colour space like CIELAB. This keeps the lightness (perceptual brightness) and amount of colour unchanged while rotating the hue.
The following is an example of a colourful image rotated by its hue, and then an example of a set of ten KDE icons. The icons show how each new colour scheme is relatively consistent in appearance, and our transition around the hue axis results in a reasonably even walk around the available colours. Finally, we show a saturated chromaticity diagram rotated by its hue to better show how these colours are mapped.
The source code for performing this rotation has been made available under the MIT license.
For a better idea of where colours get rotated to, click here for some renderings and a visual description of the CIELAB hue circle.


text:
How do macrophyte distribution patterns affect hydraulic resistances?
In eutrophic river systems, macrophytes attain high biomass with reduced drainage and increased flooding risk. To avoid these problems, water managers remove vegetation. Total removal, however, increases wash out of macro-invertebrate communities reducing the ecological value of rivers. Partial vegetation removal reduces this washout and prevents an increase in hydraulic resistance. In this, study the hydraulic performance of three partial vegetation removal patterns was tested. From the results it was seen that hydraulic resistance, expressed as Manning's n, was varying between 0.025 m−1/3 s and 0.050 m−1/3 s. Compared with the empty situation, the different distribution patterns increased resistance between 14 and 23%. Hydraulic resistance of these patterns was also significantly influenced by the species present in the vegetation patches. Three groups of macrophyte plants (emerged, floating leaved and submerged) with significantly different hydraulic resistances were determined. The emerged species Sparganium erectum generated the least resistance with an average friction of 0.03 m−1/3 s. Stuckenia pectinata and Potamogeton natans had slightly higher friction values around 0.4 m−1/3 s. Ranunculus penicillatus and Callitriche platycarpa had average friction values around 0.05 m−1/3 s. The proposed vegetation removal patterns are good alternatives to create a management system, which minimally increases hydraulic resistance but still guarantees the ecological functions.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Women's figure skating is the most popular figure skating event at the Winter Olympics. There are "queens and princesses of the ice" who have left their mark on the figure skating world. There are also many famous people who have been a part of ice skating history.
Do you want to get an idea of what's involved in becoming a figure skater? Before you begin to skate, there are things you should know.
- Ice Skating Is Fun!
- Step-by-Step Beginning Ice Skating Lesson
- Register for Ice Skating Lessons
- Learn to Figure Skate
- Dress Like a Figure Skater
- Buy Skates
- How to Lace Figure Skates
- Take Some Private Figure Skating Lessons
- Set a Practice, Lesson, and Training Schedule
- Join a Figure Skating Club
- Take Figure Skating Tests
- Compete in Figure Skating Competitions
Understanding the Steps, Turns, and Footwork That Olympic Figure Skaters Perform
Every step or turn a figure skater does has a name. Can you identify the figure skating turns that are done on one foot? Next time you watch an elite ice skater do a step sequence, try to recognize at least one three turn, one bracket, one counter, and one rocker.
A new kind of scoring replaced the old 6.0 figure skating judging system and was created in response to the 2002 Olympic figure skating scandal. The idea was to attempt to make figure skating competitions more objective and fair.
Competitors are given two scores: a technical score and a program component score. The technical score is added together to the program component score and the result is the segment score. The sum of all the segment scores (the short program and the free skate) becomes the total competition score. The skater with the highest score wins.
- How to Understand Figure Skating Scores
- Why Does a Triple Jump Get Scored Only As a Double?
- Why Do Figure Skaters Fall Down and Still Place High?
- Ladies singles
- Men's singles
- Pair skating
- Ice Dance
- Team Trophy Event
At the Olympic Games, at least two different phases of a competition take place. This means that Olympic figure skaters do more than one performance before a champion is crowned. The winner of the first phase of an Olympic event may win an Olympic title, but there is a chance that someone else can "pull up" and become the Olympic Figure Skating Champion. In the final phase of Olympic figure skating competition, the skaters who place in the top four after the initial phase, compete last, so the last part of an Olympic figure skating event is the most exciting to watch!


We know what causes the scent of spring, but what's it actually for?
Daniel Martins
·2 min read
We know what causes the scent of spring, but what's it actually for?
Spring is in the air – specifically, that long-awaited, earthy scent that comes from soil that's been turned or disturbed by rain, in this case for the first time in months.
It's long had a name: 'petrichor,' a Greek portmanteau very roughly meaning something like 'essence of rock.' And scientists are well aware of what causes it.
Soil is the home of numerous kinds of bacteria, one of which, Streptomyces, is the source of the chemical compound geosmin, which finds its way into your nostrils when something happens to release it from the soil, like falling raindrops or someone getting some gardening in. It's likely most associated with spring because it reemerges around that time of year after months of people being without it during winter.
If you feel revived and rejuvenated at the scent of it, science discovered there's something to that, too. The Streptomyces bacterium can be used in the production of antibiotics. And the geosmin they produce has been used in marketable scents and perfumes, according to the BBC.
Pexels Soil plant shoot
Pexels Soil plant shoot
Image credit: Pexels
Humans are super-sensitive to it as well. In fact, according to plant scientists at the U.K.'s John Innes Centre, we can detect it in as few as 100 parts per trillion – that's "trillion" with a "T" – which, as they vividly put it, means we're better at smelling it than sharks are at smelling blood.
That's what geosmin is, and that's what it does, but there's still the question of what it's actually for. And that question wasn't answered until very recently, in 2020.
That year, the researchers at the John Innes Centre linked the geosmin molecule with a group of organisms called "springtails", six-legged, insect-like creatures of varying sizes.
Unlike other creatures such as flies and nematodes, which are repelled by geosmin, springtails are actually attracted to it, and the bacteria that produce it. The John Innes research found these springtails had a role in the bacteria's life cycle, spreading its spores either through external covering, like burrs, or excretion through their gut.
It's a very, very old relationship, too. Springtails are relatively primitive creatures, and this symbiotic give-and-take may have been going on for as much as 450 million years.
So the next time you're taking it all in, remember that the scent of spring has a LOT going on behind it than just smelling nice.


text:
Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Abaza terms that indicate people, beings, things, places, phenomena, qualities or ideas.
- Category:Abaza proper nouns: Abaza nouns that indicate individual entities, such as names of persons, places or organizations.
This category has only the following subcategory.
- ► Abaza proper nouns (0 c, 1 e)
Pages in category "Abaza nouns"
The following 29 pages are in this category, out of 29 total.


Ohio Debt Limitations, Issue 4 (1977)
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The Ohio Debt Limitations Amendment, also known as Issue 4, appeared on the November 8, 1977 ballot in Ohio as a legislatively-referred constitutional amendment, where it was defeated.[1] This amendment revises limitations on state government indebtedness.
Election results
Ohio Issue 4 (1977)
Defeatedd No1,999,79172.48%
Yes 759,327 27.52%
Election results via Ohio Secretary of State.[2]
Text of measure
The language appeared on the ballot as:[3]
Proposed Constitutional Amendment
To adopt Section 1 of Article VIII and repeal Sections 1, 2, 2b, 2d, 2e, 2f, 2g, 2h, 3, 7, 9, and 10 of Article VIII and Section 6 of Article XII of the Constitution of Ohio
 1. To repeal the general state constitutional debt limit of $750,000 and replace it with authority to incur debt from capital improvements by a two thirds majority vote of each house of the general assembly within specified limitations directly related to state revenues.
 2. To permit the state to contract debt without limitation on amount of purpose, in addition to the authority specified above, if that debt is submitted to a vote of the electors by a 3/5 majority vote of each house of the general assembly and approved by a majority of the electors voting on the question.
 3. To require the general assembly to retire at least 4% of the state's indebtedness each year.
 4. To permit the state to borrow funds to meet a current year's appropriations if any such loan is repaid out of that year's revenues.
 5. To repeal part of the constitutional requirements relating to a sinking fund and to require that the general assembly provide for the repayment of state debt.
 6. To enumerate purposes and amounts for which the first $640 million of capital improvement that would have to be appropriated.
Shall the proposed amendment be adopted?
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Serbia: Value of the transmission capacity available for transactions30. June 2016. / News Serbia Energy
Comparison of methods for calculating the value of available transmission capacity of bilateral and multilateral transactions by applying metaheuristic methods was analysed in the paper by Darko Sosic and Ivan Skoljev, from the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade. Given that a universal metaheuristic method has not been made so far providing best solutions for each given problem, the authors compared the results obtained by applying the three methods: Genetic Algorithm (GA), Black Hole Algorithm (BH) and the Gray Wolf Optimizer Algorithm (GWO). In their paper Determination of the Transmission Capacity Value Available for Transactions by Applying New Optimization Methods, the authors present the results on a standard test network, IEEE 30 busbar system, mostly used in professional literature to resolve such problems. This paper was presented at the CIGRE Serbia Conference, organised for the 32nd time by the Serbian National Committee of CIGRE on Zlatibor in May 2015.
One of the basic divisions of metaheuristic optimization methods is based on the idea of genetics, evolution, principles of physics and animal behaviour. Sosic and Skokljev describe one method from each group: Genetic Algorithm, Black Hole Algorithm and the Grey Wolf Optimizer Algorithm. After analysing the available transmission capacity, which is a measure of the remaining transmission capacity for further trade besides the already established and reserved capacity, the paper presents the results of research.
Comparison of optimization methods was performed using the results obtained by applying the method of recurring power flows. By using the AC coefficients of sensitivity, the upper limit of the independent variables in the optimization process was determined. When calculating the value of the ATC, individual outages of all transmission system branches were respected. Each of the optimization algorithms incorporates the possibility of automatic correction of the independent variables upper limit.
Although the calculation of individual transactions optimization methods require more time than using the RPF method, this method can be easily upgraded in order to calculate the optimal allocation of generation and consumption of multilateral transactions in order to transfer large quantities of electricity, as well as for troubleshooting transmission network congestions, transmits Serbia-energy.eu
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Dolphin Pregnancy Is a Drag, Literally
A bottlenose dolphin.
CREDIT: Chris Johnson – earthOCEAN
The extreme physical changes that come during pregnancy may be most evident in humans, but they plague other animals as well. New research shows that pregnant dolphins are so hefty the increased drag on the body makes them swim slower.
"They have this huge body and that creates a large frontal surface area and that drag is going to pull at them," study researcher Shawn Noren, of the University of California, at Santa Cruz, told LiveScience. "Swim performance is lower as well."
It's possible that this extra effort to swim fast could have an impact on the species' survival. If the pregnant dolphins can't escape predators or keep up with their group when chased by tuna fishermen, it could explain why the population isn't rebounding as quickly as expected, Noren said. (Groups of dolphins and groups of tuna tend to live in close proximity, so tuna fishermen chase down dolphins to get to the tuna that usually live below them.)
Dolphins in action
Noren filmed two pregnant dolphins at Dolphin Quest in Hawaii. They were nearly full term. She compared these videos with video taken two years after the pregnancy and found that not only did the larger fully pregnant females produce more drag as they swam through the water, their swimming technique was also altered.
An analysis showed that by having a greater surface area due to their pregnant bellies, which meant more water for the dolphins to push out of their way as they swam, the drag on their bodies increased by about 50 percent compared with their svelte, non-pregnant state.
"When this animal is not pregnant it can swim exactly twice as fast and get the same drag," Noren said.
Because of where the baby dolphin sits (near the mama's tail) during development, the mothers also didn't have as much flexibility at near full-term. They couldn't flip their tails up and down as far as they could after giving birth, so they compensated by flipping their tails about 14 percent more often. [Infographic: How Long Are Animals Pregnant?]
"That whole second half of the animal's body is what the dolphins use to swim, and that fetus is sitting back there toward the back part of the tail," Noren said. "We measured the same animals after birth [of their baby], and they were moving their tail flukes higher when they weren't pregnant than when they were."
These weighed-down mamas might have more trouble outrunning predators (or tuna fishermen) in the wild. Noren notes that their wild predators, which include sharks and some whales, can reach speeds faster than these pregnant dolphins and so might be able to overtake them in a chase.
During these chases, fleeing either aquatic or human predators, young, sick or pregnant dolphins may lose their group, which, Noren said, "could explain why the population isn't recoveringat the expected rate."
This kind of pregnancy drag is likely present in every animal. Birds and land animals (and even insects) need to fight against gravity to keep moving, and as they grow larger this gets more difficult.
"Every animal has shown reduced performance [during pregnancy] and becomes quite sedentary," Noren said. Not many studies have been able to show exactly how much of a drag pregnancy can be.
The study was published Nov. 24 in the Journal of Experimental Biology.
MORE FROM LiveScience.com


Guide On Running A Generator Continuously
When it comes to owning a generator, there are a few key details to understand including how long it can run. Each generator is unique and will have its own metrics that need to be accounted for.
However, by understanding how long a generator can run continuously, you will have a better understanding of what works for your situation. Here is a look at what it means to buy a new generator and how it can change the dynamics of your setup.
Using a Generator 24/7
Let's assume it's time to set up the generator and run it around the clock even when you're sleeping. Is it possible to do this or are you going to end up dealing with unwanted issues along the way?
In general, most generators are going to settle somewhere between 8-12 hours of performance before the fuel tank empties.
As a result, you have to account for this or the generator will simply stutter to a stop in the middle of the day.
It's also important to think about other details such as whether or not it is producing too much CO, noise, or becoming prone to external access leading to a robbery.
Can You Run a Generator Continuously?
Yes, you can run it continuously and each generator is going to have a separate time limit on how long it lasts. In some cases, you can end up going with a high-value generator that is designed to run for 3000+ hours. Of course, this is assuming you are taking care of the generator and not overextending it during its lifespan.
There are also other details to account for such as how the generator is running. Some are going to run using natural gas while others may involve the use of propane or diesel.
With natural gas, you can end up running it for a long time because the gas line will continue to provide enough fuel for the generator to run. It is not going to die out on you. However, the same cannot be said for something like propane as it may run out. In this case, you would only have the generator run for a few hours.
How Long Can a Generator Last?
Most generators are built to last for years but it's still important to understand how to maintain them correctly.
This means taking the time to understand when the oil needs to be changed, how to replace air filters, and look through the electric plugs. You may also have to toggle the valve to see whether or not it's clear. On the other hand, a portable generator isn't going to be as efficient and may not long for a while.
With a good generator, you are going to want to see what type of power source is being used. When it comes to diesel engines, it is going to last much longer and isn't going to break down easily. This means you will only have to make oil changes here and there rather than having to check it all the time.
Remember, maintenance is essential and has to be done the right way to see good results. By doing this, you are going to end up making sure the generator doesn't fall apart on you.
How Long Can One Gallon of Gas Last with Modern Generators?
Gas is often used as a way to power contemporary generators. While they are not as safe as other options, they do provide benefits for those who want to gain access to a functioning generator.
When you are running a portable generator, it is going to end up giving you a reduced amount of time. For example, with one gallon of gas, you could end up running a traditional 5,000-watt portable generator for at least 1.33 hours. On the other hand, a regular generator is going to give you almost 8-10 hours on the same amount of gas.
It's this benefit that leads people to stick to traditional generators since they work well.
People enjoy being able to go with something that is economically efficient, which is why more and more venture towards a solution such as this in the first place.
How Many Hours Does a 500-Gallon Propane Tank Offer?
If you are going to be utilizing a propane generator at home then it is time to take a look at how long it will last. In most situations, you are going to have to understand how much it is going to cost as well.
With propane generators, you are getting something that is not as efficient as its counterparts. This means you are going to end up investing quite a bit to get the same amount of energy per gallon. However, you are going to get a good amount of hours from this type of fuel source. It will come out to being about 1.84 hours per gallon.
Can Generators Run On Gas?
The first thing people will ask is whether or not they can go with a gas-based generator for their home.
In general, there are multiple types of generators available on the open market, which can include the use of hydrogen, propane, diesel, biodiesel, natural gas, and more.
A lot of people like going with natural gas generators because they are eco-friendly and offer good performance metrics at the same time.
Natural Gas Generators
With natural gas generators, you are getting an efficient source of energy that isn't going to make a tremendous amount of noise. You can also set up the natural gas line to have it running in the background without a delay in performance. While it does have a higher upfront cost, you are going to retain real value over the long-term due to how it functions.
One thing to worry about has to do with longevity. It is not going to last as long and you are going to have to make sure the natural gas doesn't leak once turned on.
For the average person, a natural gas generator is going to come out to being approximately $1,000-$5,000.
How Long Can a Natural Gas Generator Run Continuously?
When you take the time to buy a natural gas generator, it is time to learn how it works. The generator is going to function as air and fuel comes in and pushes the motor to work as intended. This means the power production continues to perform as needed and allows you to power the house as required.
Since it is directly connected to the natural gas line, it is able to last for a long time.
This is often a solution that is used by people that want to make sure their home is powered in all situations. However, you are going to have to make sure they are well-maintained throughout the year and the gas supply is consistent.
How Many Hours Does a Diesel Generator Last?
With a diesel generator, you are going to have something that is budget-friendly and efficient at the same time. You can end up having it run for a long time and make sure it is pushing through for at least 24 hours before you have to check up on the setup.
The routine maintenance can be time-consuming since you have to check it all the time. This includes taking a look at all of the underlying parts such as the pistons.
In most cases, you are going to have a small shutdown period of 15 minutes when the generator has to be checked. However, you can make sure this is limited by going with the best diesel generator on the market right now.
How Many Hours Can a Backup Generator Run?
With a backup generator, you are going to have something that is able to run for a while without shutting down or breaking. Of course, this means you are taking care of it and ensuring it is being serviced as you want it to be. Look into this as you make sure to see serious results with what you are doing at home.
With this type of machine, you are going to get at least 11-18 hours per day. This is also going to depend on the fuel source that is being used and how well-maintained it is from day one.
When you start using a propane generator, you are also able to get it to run longer with some going up a week without breaking down.
How Many Hours Can a Standby Generator Run?
With a standby generator, you can have it running for as long as you want when the fuel source is consistent. These generators tend to run using a natural gas line, which is why they can run for days without breaking down or slowing up.
You will want to make sure the natural gas line is working as intended and you are going to be good to go. This is why a lot of people lean towards these solutions when they are hoping to invest in the right type of standby generator. It is simply going to give you more value in comparison to alternatives that are seen on the open market. On the other hand, a diesel generator is only going to last for 24 hours at a time. They also tend to shut down, which is something you are not going to want at home.
How Many Hours Can An RV Generator Run?
When you are trying to power an RV, it's important to think about the fuel source.
If you are going to be using a diesel source, you have to make sure it is in sync with the rest of the RV. It is also going to generate more power in comparison to something that is powered with propane.
In most cases, you are going to have a generator that is able to last 24 hours per 18 gallons of fuel. This means you are going to get a good amount of power if the fuel source is at 100%.
How Many Hours Can A Generator Run On 5 Gallons of Gas?
If you are taking the time to go with a quality generator, you want to understand how much power is being generated. These metrics are key in pinpoint how long the generator is going to run per gallon of gas.
In general, a generator can run for almost 8 hours on 5 gallons of gas, while some of the more efficient ones can even last up to a day.
How Many Hours Does a


CONES – Bar Cones
Pyrometric Cones are used as witness cones to monitor ceramic firing in all types and sizes of kilns for consistent, repeatable firing temperature. They are made of specifically formulated compositions, including many of the same ingredients as ceramic products. Each cone is designated a number (for example, cone 04), and each cone number measures a fairly small range of firing temperature.
How do they work?
When the kiln temperature reaches the range a cone number is designed to melt in, the tip of the cone begins to bend. The final degree of cone bending depends on the last 100°C (180°F) of the firing profile and temperature, but this significant bending may represent a change over only a few degrees of temperature. Pyrometric cones are therefore valuable for verifying that your kiln is delivering the expected amount of heat work within the kiln ware load at specific temperature and profile settings.
Moreover, while kiln shut-off devices and electronic controllers can drift from their set point over time even though everything appears to be normal, pyrometric cones do not. They will indicate whether kiln firing is under control or subtle changes are occurring, thereby giving you time to take corrective action before these changes impact your ceramic ware.
To select the proper cones: visit
Click to view Temperature Equivalent of Orton Cones.
20% off 12 Boxes of Any (Single) Type of Cones
Large Cones, Small Cones, Self-Supporting Cones, OR Bar Cones
Discounts will be entered manually when your order is processed.


Every Finger is Connected With 2 Organs: Japanese Methods For Curing About a 5 Minutes!
Did you know every finger on your hands can trigger recovery of two organs of your body? This is a technique used in a Japanese healing art called Jin shin Jitsu. In reality, this can likewise assist in supporting or balancing your emotions just by pressings a particular point on the finger which is the stimulant for that emotion.
These considerable points on your fingers control the energy circulation in your body, thus identifying the physical and psychological health of your body. It's a basic and easily manageable alternative treatment to keep health and ward of illness.
Guidelines Choose the finger to the matching organ requiring treatment. Hold it tightly with your other hand for a minimum of 3 to 5 minutes. Breathe deeply as you press and massage the finger related to the organ. Repeat this with the other hand. Doing this for about 3 minutes on every finger is motivated to keep all your organs healthy.
Let's look at the organs related to each finger.
1. Middle finger
Organ: it represents the liver and yolky bitter.
Physical: Migraine, Fatigue, Forehead pains, menstrual discomfort and circulatory problems.
Emotional: Anger, aggravation, absence of focus and concentration.
2. Ring finger
Organs: Large intestinal tract and lungs.
Physical: Asthma, skin problems, digestion issue and respiratory illness. Psychological: Negative thoughts, unhappiness and fear.
3. Thumb
Organs: Spleenwort and stomach.
Physical: Stomach ache, skin concerns, nervousness and headache Emotional: Concern and depression problems
4. Forefinger
Organs: Urinary bladder and kidney
Physical: Muscle and back discomfort, tooth ache and digestion issues Psychological: Worry, confusion, dissatisfaction
5. Little finger
Organs: small intestinal tract and heart
Physical: bone trouble, heart concerns and throat pain Emotional: Stress and anxiety and self confidence problem
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The Director-General of UNESCO, Koïchiro Matsuura, today expressed his deep regret at the destruction of Québec's ancient drill hall, a landmark adjacent to the Historic District of Old Québec, which was inscribed on UNESCO's World Heritage List in 1985.
"I deeply regret the destruction of this important landmark," said the Director-General. "It is particularly sad that this proud testimony of Québec's history was so severely damaged on the eve of the celebration of the 400th anniversary of the founding of Québec City."
"It is doubly poignant that this loss should occur at a time when Canada is showing great and generous commitment to heritage preservation with its preparations to host the next session of the World Heritage Committee in July," the Director-General declared. "I hope that it will be possible to rebuild the ancient drill hall using existing plans and photographs," he concluded.
Built of brick and timber in 1887, the landmark burnt down on 4 April. Only one brick wall, the main entrance and two towers remained after the blaze whose cause has yet to be determined.


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Have you already re-assigned your sub attribute names to better describe what is physically happening in your facility but you would like to run the new cannabis cultivation tracking functionality?
The New Cultivation Tracking requires several plant categories and sub inventory attributes to be in place in order to track each step of the cultivation process. Without them, it won't know where you want your information to show up. Maybe you have never assigned any sub attributes or categories? Maybe you have and the functions and names of those sub attribute don't match what is needed by Adilas's new Cultivation Tracking? Or maybe you like the names and functionality of the sub attributes you have in place and don't want them to change?
No Problem, we have you covered:
Our new Cultivation Settings Page can help!
Here's how you do it:
- From the Cultivation Homepage, Click the Start Button.
- Click the gear at the top left of the Plant Batch form.
- Here is the tool that will let you MAP your attributes.
- You will need a category for Vendors, Phases, and Harvests.
- You will also need Sub Inventory Attributes for Mother Id, Plant Origin, Plant Batch Number, Wet Weight, Bud/Flower Batch Number, and Leaf/Trim Batch Number. This tool will help you get them.
- If you have never mapped any attributes, click the "Start" Button.
- The software will now take you through each piece one by one.
- First assign the Vendor Category you want assigned from the pulldown menu. Once you have selected one, it will show your selection in green at the top of the page.
- Next Select Phase Categories and Harvest Categories from the menus when prompted. Your selections for each of those categories will be displayed as well.
- Now pick a category from the Plant Category menu. When a category is selected, the corresponding Sub Inventory Attributes will be displayed to the right if you have created any. If you have not, a link to the "Sub Inventory Template Homepage" with be displayed. You may select a different category, or create some new attributes for the selected category by noting if it requires a Numeric or Text Based Sub-Attribute and then clicking on the link to the "Sub Inventory Template Homepage" to create a new sub inventory attribute.
- A new tab will open so you won't lose your place. Next, select the category you would like to
assign new attributes to and click the edit button.
- Write in the name for your new attribute, pick the attribute type if it is a "Text" type attribute or enter a default value (usually zero) if it is a "Numeric" type, then click the "Update Template Settings" Button. NOTE: You will want at least two "Text" type attributes and two "Numeric" type attributes for the "Plant Category"
- Click the "Cannabis Defaults" Tab at the top of the screen to view the Mapping page and re-select the desired category. Now your new attributes will show up to be selected.
- The available sub attributes will be displayed one at a time to assign to the "Plant Mother Id", "Plant Origin", "Plant Batch Number" and "Plant Wet Weight".
- Once assigned, you will be prompted to choose a Bud/Flower Category and sub attribute, and lastly a Leaf/Trim Category and sub attribute.
Finally, click the "Submit" button to map your attributes. You will then be automatically directed back to the plant batch page to start using the new cultivation functionality.
If you have previously mapped sub inventory attributes but would like to swap them out:
- From the "Cannabis Defaults page", click the "Revise" button.
- All of your category and sub inventory attribute assignments will be displayed at the top of the page along with all of the available categories, and the sub inventory attributes will be displayed below. Select each category or sub attribute you would like to swap out and then click the "Submit button" when done.
At the end of the post there are a couple short videos that also explain how to set or edit the cultivation homepage settings.


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Field experience has shown that inefficient transport of small cuttings is a main factor for excessive drag and torque during extended-reach drilling; however, very little is known about the transport behavior of small cuttings. In this study, extensive experiments with three sizes of cuttings (0.45 to 3.3 mm) were conducted in a field-scale flow loop (8 in.×4.5 in., 100-ft long) to identify the main factors affecting small cuttings transport. The effects of cuttings size, drillpipe rotation, fluid rheology, flow rate, and hole inclination were investigated.
The results show significant differences in cuttings transport based on cuttings size. Smaller cuttings result in a higher cuttings concentration than larger cuttings in a horizontal annulus when tested with water. However, a lower concentration was achieved for smaller cuttings when 0.25-ppb polyanionic cellulose (PAC) solutions were used. Unlike the transport of large cuttings, which is mainly dominated by fluid flow rate, the key factors controlling small cuttings transport were found to be pipe rotation and fluid rheology. Improvement by pipe rotation in the transport efficiency of small cuttings is up to twice as large as the improvement in large cuttings transport. Compared with water, PAC solutions significantly improve smaller cuttings transport, while the transport of larger cuttings is only slightly enhanced.
Mathematical modeling was performed to develop correlations for cuttings concentration and bed height in an annulus for field applications. Predictions from a three-layer model previously developed for larger cuttings were also compared with experimental results. Differences (up to 80%) indicate the need for improving the frequently used three-layer model by including correlations specifically developed for small cuttings to get a better design of extended-reach drilling. This study is also useful for horizontal or high-angle well drilling and completion through sand reservoirs.
Efficient cuttings transport is a major challenge when a long extended-reach well with a horizontal and highly inclined section of more than 20 thousand feet is drilled (Guild et al. 1995; Gao and Young 1995; Schamp et al. 2006). Cuttings can be ground to finer sand while being transported out of the hole, especially when rotary drilling is used. Drilling may not be able to proceed if cuttings transport remains a problem in such a hole. Because of excessive drag and torque caused by small cuttings settled at the lower side of the horizontal or inclined section, it may not be possible to run casing in place even if drilling to the target depth can be achieved. Similar problems exist in horizontal and highly inclined wells drilled through unconsolidated sand reservoirs.
Field practice and experimental observations (Parker 1987; Larsen 1990; Gavignet and Sobey 1989; Ahmed 2001; Bassal 1995) show that smaller cuttings are more difficult to transport under certain conditions. Moreover, smaller particles tend to more easily stick a drillpipe because of their cohesive effects (Ahmed 2001; Gailani et al. 2001). It is even more difficult to release the pipe once it is stuck by small, sand-sized cuttings.
An investigation into previous studies in the area of hole cleaning and sand transport shows that very limited information is available for small cuttings transport under drilling conditions. Though different cuttings have been tested by several investigators (Parker 1987; Larsen 1990; Ahmed 2001; Bassal 1995; Ford et al. 1990; Peden et al. 1990; Martins et al. 1996), no study has been conducted on small cuttings transport in horizontal or high-angle annuli involving drillpipe rotation. Previous conclusions about the cuttings size effects on cuttings transport are quite diverse, and even contradictory in some cases (Parker 1987; Larsen 1990; Gavignet and Sobey 1989; Ahmed 2001; Ford et al. 1990; Peden et al. 1990; Martins et al. 1996). Their experiments, upon which these conclusions are based, were conducted under incomparable conditions. It may not be correct, or at least not safe, to state explicitly that smaller cuttings are harder or easier to transport. The result may depend on various combinations of drilling parameters. This study was undertaken to understand why and under what conditions they are harder or easier to transport.


Button group
Group a series of buttons together on a single line with the button group, and super-power them with javascript. Read the Official Bootstrap Documentation for a full list of instructions and other options.
Basic example
Wrap a series of buttons with.btn in.btn-group.
Button toolbar
Combine sets of button groups into button toolbars for more complex components. Use utility classes as needed to space out groups, buttons, and more.
Feel free to mix input groups with button groups in your toolbars. Similar to the example above, you'll likely need some utilities though to space things properly.
Instead of applying button sizing classes to every button in a group, just add.btn-group-* to each.btn-group, including each one when nesting multiple groups.
Vertical variation


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Safe Landing is a 3-year policy and program development initiative that focuses in on the issues of long-term housing and aftercare for those who are exiting the sex trade, informed by those with lived experience. Safe Landing has been funded by Public Safety Canada, with support from the Nova Scotia Department of Justice. Specifically, Safe Landing seeks to:
The goals of Safe Landing are:
- To consult with marginalized communities and persons with lived experience of the sex trade to inform policies and practice.
- To faciliate housing opportunities that provide safe, supportive housing for victims of trafficking which meet their particular needs and address complex trauma.
- To develop resource materials, share knowledge through training and build capacity regionally and nationally to replicate similar programs.
Educational and Awareness Materials
All content was created through academic and grey literature reviews, as well as national and international scoping reviews, identity-community consultations and speaking with individuals with lived experience. These materials explain the indicators of sexual exploitation, a glossary of terminology used within the sex trade, and practice principles for supporting trafficked and exploited persons.


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Today we are publishing the answers of NYT Spelling Bee December 2 2021 puzzle.
This Thursday's spelling bee puzzle was built by Sam Ezersky. As always there are 7 letters and here the center letter is the letter N.
A H M are the letters on the bottom and O P T are the letters on the top which form the honeycomb shape. There are a total of 25 possible answers and we have listed them below sorted from the shortest (4 letters) length to the longest (9 letters):
All Spelling Bee Words you can form:
For more Spelling Bee Answers open the prev link, as we publish answers each day.


Business, Finance & Economics
$2750 a month for every adult, guaranteed? Switzerland's considering it
Five cent coins are pictured in the air in front of the Federal Palace in Bern, Switzerland, during an event organized by the committee proposing a minimum monthly household income of 2,500 Swiss francs for every adult citizen living in Switzerland.
Denis Balibouse/Reuters
Here's a deal: Each month the Swiss government will send every adult a check for about 2,500 swiss francs (roughly $2,750) — no matter their need or income.
Player utilities
At least, that's the proposal before the Swiss people.
In response to growing economic inequality, a grassroots movement in Switzerland collected the 100,000 signatures needed to secure a national referendum on their basic income proposal. Swiss law states any petition that receives at least 100,000 signatures will be voted on nationally.
"It is not as kooky as it sounds," says Karl Widerquist, a Georgetown University professor who has researched basic income policy for a decade. "It's the idea of putting a floor under people's income, the idea that income doesn't have to start at zero."
Basic income is a social security system in which the government regularly gives each citizen a sum of money — with no conditions.
Widerquist points to one example of a similar system here in the United States. With Alaska's Permanent Fund Dividend, the government divides up some of the state's yearly oil revenue and gives a portion to each resident. The amount fluctuates year to year, from a few hundred dollars to a few thousand.
But the proposed measure in Switzerland would be much greater, adding up to more than $30,000 in guaranteed annual income for each adult.
In recent studies in Africa and India, Widerquist said giving people unconditional monetary gifts often increases labor.
"A basic income, in a way, frees you to improve your skills and your efforts and do something that actually makes a bigger contribution to economy," he says.
No date has been set for the national referendum on Switzerland's guaranteed income proposal.


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Striped lawn and ivy
In this tutorial we will create a lawn with the characteristic stripes often seen when a mower with a heavy roller is used. This is caused by alternately bending the blades of grass in two opposing directions and affecting the way they reflect light. We will create this effect using a tiling gradient map to control the rotation of the grass geometry. By the end of this tutorial you should be able to:
- Use maps to control scale and rotation
The image below shows the effect a little clearer
- Create a new forest object using "spline_mowedGrass" as a distribution area and "wild grass" as a Custom Geometry object.
- Add the "large_barn" and "spline_road" as exclude areas.
- Set the Distribution Map to dense and Density to 5000mm. To increase the grass instances change the threshold to 10%
- Add "ground" as a Surface.
In order to use mapping to control transforms a surface is required. The UVW coordinates of the surface determine how the map is applied to the Forest object.
- This effect is easier to preview if we change the way the items display in the viewport. Go to the Display rollout, under the viewport settings choose proxy and pick pyramid from the drop down.
- To create the stripes go to the transform rollout and set the following settings:
X minimum: -70 | X Maximum: 70
y minimum: -5 | y Maximum: 5
Z minimum: 0 | Z Maximum: 359
X minimum: 80 | X Maximum: 120
In the settings above the high percentage in the X translation setting is to break up the straight edges of the stripes.
- To create the map open the material editor and create a new gradient ramp like the one show left.
- Drag this to the map Slot in the Rotation section of the Transform rollout.
- The Ground plane already has a separate map channel to control the tiling for the grass. To use it change the map channel to 2.
- To use the map to control the X Rotation tick the Use Map radio button.
- Render to test the effect.
When you are using greyscale maps to control transforms the black pixels represent the minimum value and black the maximum. If you wish to use a separate map for each axis then the red channel controls the X, green the Y, and blue the Z axis. You can find a handy tip for combining multiple black and white maps into a single RGB map using a composite texture in the Forest Pack Reference
Creating the ivy
In this section we will paint some ivy onto the side of the barn. This tutorial uses techniques we have already covered but demonstrates that forest pack is not restricted to scattering on a horizontal surface. This demonstration is very simple, but using forest in a vertical mode could be very useful for visualising dense walls of climbing plants and lush living or green walls.
- To get started create a new forest object using "ivy plane 1" as a surface. Add "ivy 1", "ivy 2", and "ivy 3" as custom objects.
When you create a forest object in generate mode, it aligns its axis to the local coordinate system of the first area selected. If you are in create mode it takes its axis from the active viewport.
We have readhed the end of the forest creation parts of this tutorial. In the final section we will adjust some materials using Forest Color.
- The leaves are too large. Set the Global Scale to 35%
- Set the Distribution Map to "dense" and the density to 4000mm. The threshold should be on about 10% - 15%.
- Enter the Transfrom settings as follows:
X minimum: -20 | X Maximum: 20
y minimum: -44 | y Maximum: 10
Z minimum: -65 | Z Maximum: -120
X minimum: 80 | X Maximum: 120
- In the Areas rollout turn off the surface.
- Create a new paint area.
- Turn on paint and start brushing ivy around the windows. If you have a tablet you can use the pen pressure to vary the size of your paint brush for a more naturalistic effect.
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by iToosoft. You are free to link to our tutorials, but if you would like to reproduce content, in whole or in part, please contact


Convert a Shard Standalone to a Shard Replica Set
Starting in MongoDB 3.6, all shards must be replica sets. Before you can upgrade your 3.4 sharded cluster to version 3.6, you must convert any shards that are running as standalone mongod instances to replica set shards.
This tutorial describes the process for converting a shard standalone into a shard replica set. The procedure is specific to a shard standalone. To convert just a standalone to a replica set (i.e. not a part of any sharded cluster), see Convert a Standalone to a Replica Set instead.
The following procedure converts a standalone shard to a single-member replica set shard. The procedure assumes that the single member runs on the same host and port as before.
 1. Shut down the shard standalone mongod instance.
 2. Restart the shard instance with the --replSet option to specify the name of the new replica set. Ensure that the name is distinct (for instance, you could use the shard name as the replica set name); in particular, shard replica sets must not use the same name as the config server replica set.
 The other options can remain the same.
 For example, the following command starts a standalone instance as a member of a new replica set named shardA. The other options stay the same as before; e.g. --dbpath uses the standalone's existing database path of /srv/mongodb/db0 and --port is the same as before:
 mongod --port 27018 --dbpath /srv/mongodb/db0 --shardsvr --replSet shardA --bind_ip localhost,
 For more information on configuration options, see Configuration File Options and the mongod manual page.
 3. Connect mongosh to the shard mongod instance.
 4. Use rs.initiate() to initiate the new replica set:
 The replica set is now operational. To view the replica set configuration, use rs.conf(). To check the status of the replica set, use rs.status().
 5. Disconnect from the instance.
 6. Connect mongosh to one of the sharded cluster's mongos instances and retrieve the shard information:
 var myShard = db.getSiblingDB("config").shards.findOne( { _id: ""} )
 Replace with the name of the shard. The of the shard is separate from the shard replica set name (unless you are using the shard name as the replica set name). To retrieve the name of the shard, see the shards section in the results from the sh.status() method. For example, if the result of sh.status() includes the following shards section, the name of the two shards are "shard0000" and "shard0001" respectively:
 { "_id" : "shard0000", "host" : "", "state" : 1 }
 { "_id" : "shard0001", "host" : "", "state" : 1 }
 7. Update the host information with the replica set information: = "/"
 Replace with the name of the replica set. Replace with the replica set member. For example shardA/
 8. Save the information.
 db.getSiblingDB("config"), { writeConcern: { w: "majority" } } )
 9. Repeat for the next standalone shard in the sharded cluster. Ensure that you use a distinct name for each shard replica set.
 10. Once you have finished converting shard standalone instances to shard replica sets, force the members of sharded cluster to update their knowledge of other shards' connection strings by restarting all members of the sharded cluster:
To add members to this replica set, use the rs.add() method. For more information on adding members to a replica set, see Add Members to a Replica Set.
To convert a non-shard standalone to a non-shard replica set, see Convert a Standalone to a Replica Set instead.
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Introduction: The Mysterious Breed of Hagrid's Dog
Hagrid's loyal and formidable companion, Fang, has been a constant presence throughout the Harry Potter series. With his enormous size and intimidating appearance, many fans have wondered about the breed of this enigmatic dog. Despite being one of the most recognizable characters in the wizarding world, the true origins of Fang's breed remain shrouded in mystery. In this article, we will delve into the fascinating world of Fang and attempt to uncover the secrets behind his breed.
Fang: A Loyal Companion to Hagrid
Fang, a boarhound, has been by Hagrid's side since he was just a puppy. Despite his intimidating size and appearance, Fang is known for his gentle and loyal nature. Throughout the series, he is often seen accompanying Hagrid on various adventures, proving his unwavering loyalty and dedication to his owner. Fang's presence provides both comfort and protection to Hagrid, making him an invaluable companion.
Unveiling the Origins of Fang's Breed
The boarhound, also known as the Great Dane, is the breed that best aligns with Fang's physical characteristics. Great Danes are known for their large size, muscular build, and imposing appearance. While the specific origins of Fang's breed within the wizarding world remain unknown, it is likely that Hagrid acquired him from a magical source, given the extraordinary nature of the creatures in Hagrid's care.
The Physical Characteristics of Fang
Fang's physical appearance is a defining aspect of his character. Known for his massive size, Fang towers over most other dogs, standing at least six feet tall on his hind legs. His body is muscular and well-built, with a broad chest and powerful limbs. His coat is short and bristly, usually black or dark grey in color. Fang's expressive eyes and droopy jowls contribute to his gentle and somewhat comical appearance.
Temperament and Personality Traits of Fang
Despite his intimidating appearance, Fang possesses a gentle and affectionate temperament. He is known for his friendly and patient nature, always eager to please and interact with those around him. Fang's loyalty to Hagrid is unwavering, and he has shown great bravery in protecting his owner and his friends when danger arises. Fang's calm and steady demeanor make him an ideal companion for Hagrid and a beloved character in the series.
Historical Context: Hagrid's Choice of Breed
Given Hagrid's love for magical creatures and his natural affinity for larger and more unconventional animals, Fang's breed choice aligns with Hagrid's character. The boarhound's imposing size and protective instincts make them well-suited for Hagrid's lifestyle and the dangerous situations that often arise in the wizarding world. Hagrid's choice of Fang as his loyal companion reflects his own personality and the need for a trustworthy and formidable companion.
Theories and Speculations Surrounding Fang's Breed
Over the years, numerous theories and speculations have emerged regarding Fang's breed. Some fans believe that Fang may be a crossbreed, while others suggest that he might belong to a rare magical breed. However, without concrete evidence from the books or author J.K. Rowling herself, these theories remain purely speculative, adding to the allure and mystery surrounding Fang's breed.
Expert Opinions: Identifying Fang's Canine Heritage
While there may not be any definitive statements about Fang's breed within the Harry Potter series, dog experts and enthusiasts have offered their insights. Many agree that Fang's physical characteristics align closely with those of a Great Dane. The breed's size, build, and appearance make it the most likely candidate for Fang's breed. However, without official confirmation, these opinions remain educated guesses.
Comparing Fang to Popular Dog Breeds
When comparing Fang to popular dog breeds, the Great Dane stands out as the most obvious resemblance. Other breeds, such as the Neapolitan Mastiff and the Bullmastiff, share some physical similarities with Fang but do not quite capture his distinctive appearance. Fang's size, coupled with his gentle personality, sets him apart from most other breeds, making him a truly unique character in the wizarding world.
The Impact of Fang's Breed on the Harry Potter Series
Fang's breed plays a significant role in the Harry Potter series. His imposing size and intimidating appearance add an element of danger and excitement to the story. Fang's presence also serves as a reminder of Hagrid's love for extraordinary creatures and his ability to form deep and meaningful bonds with animals. The inclusion of Fang's breed helps create a rich and diverse world within the Harry Potter universe.
Fang's Role in Hagrid's Life and the Wizarding World
Fang's role in Hagrid's life and the wizarding world cannot be overstated. As Hagrid's loyal companion, Fang provides both emotional support and physical protection. His presence serves as a symbol of Hagrid's nurturing nature and his deep connection with magical creatures. Fang's unwavering loyalty and bravery make him an integral part of Hagrid's life and a beloved character among fans.
Conclusion: The Enigma of Fang's Breed Unraveled
While the true breed of Fang may remain a mystery within the Harry Potter series, the evidence points towards him being a boarhound or a Great Dane. Fang's physical characteristics, temperament, and his compatibility with Hagrid's lifestyle all align with this breed. However, the absence of official confirmation allows fans to continue speculating and adding to the allure and enigma surrounding Fang's breed, making him one of the most intriguing characters in the wizarding world.


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Bd. V. Pârvan, Nr. 4, 300223 Timişoara, România
Departamentul de Matematica, Universitatea de Vest din Timişoara
Symmetries of the Maxwell–Bloch Equations with the Rotating Wave Approximation
2014, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 548-555
In this paper a symplectic realization for the Maxwell–Bloch equations with the rotating wave approximation is given, which also leads to a Lagrangian formulation. We show how Lie point symmetries generate a third constant of motion for the dynamical system considered.


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Vertex Map OperatorBasic Parameter
Vertex Map Operator
Weight maps store a value between 0.0 to 1.0 for each point in an object. These values affect how strongly each point is influenced when deformers are applied to the object. With the Weightmap node, not only can you read these weight values, you can change them also.


The EFPR Group of Companies
Donor-Advised Funds: Save on Taxes and Make a Difference
For individuals who seek to save on their taxes while still being charitable and making a difference in their communities, donor-advised funds (DAFs) are a strong possibility to consider.
Understanding donor-advised funds
Simply put, a DAF is a charitable investment account. DAF accounts can be funded with liquid and/or illiquid assets such as cash, publicly traded securities, patents/royalties, C-corp stock or even artwork and life insurance policies. Once made, the donor contribution is irrevocable. In other words, the donor is no longer the legal title holder of the assets transferred into the account.
 - What are some notable advantages of donor-advised funds?
 - The donor receives an immediate charitable contribution deduction for the fair market value of the assets transferred into the account, the deductibility of which depends on the nature of the assets transferred and the taxpayer's specific tax situation.
 - The donor can grow their account by making additional contributions, and they can choose from a variety of investment options, including alternative investments, to grow their donation tax-free.
 - When a DAF is funded with appreciated illiquid assets, such as stock market securities, the account administrator is responsible for cashing out enough of the assets to fund the donor's charitable giving directives. Since the donor is no longer the legal title holder of the assets, the gain on the sale of the assets is not taxable to the taxpayer, allowing the charitable giving to go farther.
 - The donor retains the ability to recommend donations to IRS-approved 501(c)(3) organizations. They also control the frequency and the amounts of the charitable disbursements.
 - The account administrator is responsible for mailing checks to charities, keeping track of charitable giving, account values and earnings, and compiling annual donation reports. This eases the administrative burden on the donor.
 - Unlike private foundations, DAFs do not have reporting/compliance requirements at the account level and do not pay excise taxes on their investment income. Again, this eases the administrative burden.
 - Donors have the ability to create a legacy and extend their philanthropy beyond their lifetime by naming successors and beneficiaries to their account.
 - DAFs typically incur administrative/management fees in the vicinity of one percent of the fair market value of the assets held in the account.
To summarize, if you're looking to apply your assets toward charitable causes you hold dear, and do so in ways that are advantageous from a tax standpoint, DAFs are a tactic you should consider.
Do you have questions about donor-advised funds, or other tax strategies? Contact us today!
For more information call


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The Songs from Long Road
Book Description HTML | Report this book
The Songs from Long Road is a loose mosaic of 34 songs and four chapters of prose that deal with the Hopi Indian legend of Pahana. The story assumes that Pahana is/was a real figure, and attempts to place him in the historical context. As such, Long Road selects important historical and religious events in Western, American, and Mesoamerican history, add tales from American Indian mythology, and blends them into a narrative. With a blend of prose and poetry, The Songs from Long Road gives the reader a colorful and distinctly different viewpoint.


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Build excitement with marchingorder Name Display. Highlight that special moment in time when the individual is recognized for all their hard earned achievements by personalizing the on-stage moment for each graduate. It is designed to be versatile, easy-to-use, and cost-effective.
marchingorder creates a card for each graduate; it has the student's information and a barcode. As graduates approach the stage that card is scanned, which adds the student's name to a queue in the marchingorder software. A staff member backstage controls exactly when the name goes on screen.
What is Displayed?
The on-screen graphic is 100% customizable for both style and content:
- Lower Third Graphic: contains 1-3 lines of text. It is combined with a live video shot of the graduate on-stage. It often includes the school logo and basic information about the graduate (name, hometown, degree, honors, etc).
- Full Screen Slide: fills the entire screen; it often includes longer text (thesis title, personal quote, etc) and/or photos.
- Video/Audio: play name recordings (see "ProNounce") or videos as the students cross the stage.


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water testing and maintenance can help prevent this condition.
These are just a few examples of diseases and health issues that Koi Carp can encounter. Regularly monitoring the health of your Koi, maintaining optimal water conditions, and seeking veterinary advice when needed will help ensure the longevity and well-being of your prized fish.
How long do koi carp usually live?
Koi carp usually live for an average of 20-30 years.
Is it possible for koi carp to live longer than 30 years?
Yes, it is possible for koi carp to live longer than 30 years. Some koi carp have been known to live up to 50-70 years with proper care.
What factors can affect the lifespan of koi carp?
Several factors can affect the lifespan of koi carp. These include genetics, water quality, nutrition, and the overall care they receive.
How can I ensure a longer lifespan for my koi carp?
To ensure a longer lifespan for your koi carp, you should provide them with a clean and well-maintained pond, proper nutrition, regular water testing and maintenance, and a stress-free environment. It is also important to avoid overstocking the pond and to provide appropriate filtration and aeration.
What are some signs of a healthy koi carp?
Some signs of a healthy koi carp include vibrant colors, active swimming behavior, clear eyes, smooth skin, and a good appetite. It is also important to monitor their growth rate and look for any signs of illness or abnormalities.
The World's Oldest Koi – Hanako (226 Years Old)
Man Makes 100k/Month passively, leveraging KOI FISH business | While Working a 9 to 5
From Birth to Jumbo Koi **The life cycle of a Fish**
I recently came across this fascinating article about the lifespan of koi carp, and I must say, I was quite intrigued. As a fish enthusiast myself, I have always been curious about the longevity of these beautiful creatures. The article provided a detailed insight into the factors that affect a koi carp's lifespan, such as genetics, water quality, and diet. I was astonished to learn that with proper care, some koi carps can live up to 40-60 years! This really emphasizes the importance of creating the perfect environment for them. Maintaining a clean and well-filtered pond, as well as feeding them a balanced diet, seems to significantly enhance their lifespan. What also caught my attention was the mention of how genetics can play a role in a koi carp's lifespan. Selective breeding can produce koi carps with specific traits, including longevity. This is something I would definitely consider when looking to add more koi carps to my pond. Overall, this article has not only expanded my knowledge about koi carps but has also motivated me to take better care of my own fish. I now understand the significance of providing them with a suitable habitat and paying attention to their genetic background. This newfound information will undoubtedly improve the quality of life for my koi carps, and I am grateful to have come across such an informative article.
I've always been fascinated by koi carp and their vibrant colors. I recently got into koi keeping and wanted to learn more about their lifespan. After reading this article, I now have a clear understanding of how long these beautiful fish can live. It's surprising to know that with proper care and a healthy environment, koi carp can live up to 30 years or even more! This is really impressive, considering the average lifespan of most fish is much shorter. I can't wait to see my koi carp grow and thrive in their new home. This article has definitely given me a better appreciation for these amazing creatures and has motivated me to provide the best care for my koi.
As a female reader who has always been fascinated by koi carp, I found this article on the lifespan of koi to be incredibly informative. It answered all of my burning questions about how long these beautiful fish can live. The article explained that, on average, koi can live for about 25-35 years, but with proper care, they can even reach 50-70 years! I was amazed to learn that some koi have even been known to live for over 100 years. The article also mentioned that the lifespan of koi can vary depending on factors such as genetics, water quality, and diet. This made me realize that taking good care of my koi is essential if I want them to live a long and healthy life. Overall, this article has given me a new appreciation for koi carp and has motivated me to provide the best care possible for my own fish.
As a male reader, I've always been fascinated by koi carp and their graceful beauty. When it comes to their lifespan, it's incredible to think that these remarkable creatures can live for so long. On average, koi can live for 20 to 30 years, but they have been known to live for over 50 years in certain conditions. It's amazing to think that a koi fish could potentially be a lifelong companion. To ensure their longevity, providing them with a healthy diet, clean water, and a suitable environment is crucial. With proper care and attention, these majestic fish can bring joy and tranquility to a pond for many years. It's truly remarkable to witness the beauty and longevity of these magnificent creatures.
As a male fish enthusiast, I find the article "How Long Do Koi Carp Live? (The Lifespan of Koi)" quite informative. Koi carp are fascinating creatures known for their vibrant colors and graceful movements. The article explains that the lifespan of Koi can vary depending on various factors, including genetics, water quality, and diet. It highlights that with proper care and a suitable environment, Koi can live for more than 20 years, while some have been known to live for over 40 years. I personally find it fascinating how Koi can live for such a long time, almost like companions for a significant part of one's life. The article emphasizes the importance of providing a spacious pond and ensuring adequate filtration for the fish's wellbeing. I appreciate how the article educates readers on the specific care requirements and potential challenges that come with keeping Koi as pets. Overall, the article effectively delivers the information I was seeking regarding the lifespan of Koi carp. It has enhanced my understanding of these beautiful fish and has given me valuable insights into how to provide the best care for them. I look forward to implementing the tips and recommendations provided in the article to ensure the longevity and well-being of my future Koi companions.


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Why is the air conditioning not always on? At what temperatures is it turned on?
In response to a Taipei City Government directive aimed at saving energy, the Library maintains a temperature of 26-28 degrees centigrade. The temperature is adjusted depending on the number of visitors and temperature changes. If you feel hot in the Library, you are welcome to inform one of our clerks.
 - Hit: 7112
 - Updated: 2011/4/20 16:55
 - Reviewed: 2015/7/16 10:07
 - Source: Taipei Public Library


6 Replies Latest reply: Feb 24, 2012 10:52 PM by VladimirN. RSS
 Mathcad 15 - Opening and Closing Areas Causes Other Fields to Move
 seetheforest Copper
 I feel like this is a bug in Mathcad, but I would love it if someone had a solution for this.
 I'm using a worksheet with multiple areas in Mathcad and I have noticed that after using the worksheet for some time, the text fields above the areas will "creep" upward or downward. Additionally if I move the text fields, the first motion they make is subtle, as if they had been placed inbetween a grid space and were put back on the nearest grid.
 I hope I am explaining this in a way that you all can understand. It's really annoying to set up a worksheet and constantly have to realign everything as you use it.
 I've made a sample worksheet for you to try. If you note the difference in the spacing between the title and the area before you open it and after you open it, you can see the difference. It is really small at first, but over time it creeps farther apart depending on what you are doing in the worksheet.


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27. Evaluation of E-commerce in B2B in China.
the subject of the dissertation is Evaluation of E-commerce in B2B in China.
1. Discuss the importance of e-commerce in the B2B context in china
2.state of knowledge in b2b website
3. talk about e-commerce in general, especially in B2B, implication in China, culture context, culture scale.
4.need to find the gap that existing reading research do not have
5. critical analysis