7 Steps to Repairing Rotting Trim
Shannon Lee
Rotted trim can happen to any home, no matter the age. All it takes is the proper balance of moisture and warmth trapped against wood, and even the sturdiest lumber can fall victim to the elements. Rot damage to trim should be repaired promptly, before the situation gets even worse.
Repairing Rot Damage the Easy Way
These seven easy step-by-step instructions can help you stop the water damage in its tracks:
 1. Find the rot. Inspect your house with a simple screwdriver in hand. Look at windowsills, joints, and end grain. Push your screwdriver against the wood--if it sinks in, you've got rot that needs to be removed. Cracked or blistering paint, discoloration, and the presence of algae are all other telltale signs of water damage.
 2. Pull it out. Using a sharp-edged tool, dig out the area that has rotted. Cut away a section of the old wood to prepare for the replacement. If you are using a Dutchman repair, make sure the cuts are smooth and straight, to allow for very tight joints.
 3. Prepare the piece. Choose a piece of wood that fits perfectly into the area you just removed. A very tight fit is important to prevent further water damage in the joint. Make sure the piece fits well by testing it several times.
 4. Prepare the glue. Because polyurethane glue reacts with water to form a tighter seal, dampen the clean surfaces before applying the glue. Always follow the directions on the label.
 5. Set the patch. Drill pilot holes into the piece of replacement wood, then attach it to the area with long screws that you have driven to just below the surface of the wood. Be careful not to disturb the glue as you do this! It can be very difficult to remove from tools or your skin.
 6. Sand down the glue. As the glue cures, it foams up, filling in all the cracks and joints. But it can also seep out around the repaired area. When it does, use sandpaper to sand it down level with the wood. For significant areas of glue foaming, use a chisel or block plane to remove the excess.
 7. Finish up. Cover the screw heads with putty for a uniform finish, and then repaint the wood to match the surrounding area. And that's it! If you take your time with the job, no one will ever notice the rot damage repair and you have the peace of mind of stopping water damage in its tracks.
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Bulanglang is a very healthy dish which is hugely popular in Philippines. More or less like a salad, the dish is prepared in different ways in different regions but in most places, the basic recipe and ingredients remain the same. There are both completely vegetarian and non-vegetarian versions of the preparation.
Origin of Bulanglang
Although somewhat disputed, the origin of the dish has been traced back to the Katagalungan Region of Philippines where fruits and vegetables have always been in abundance. The main ingredient of the non-vegetarian version of the dish, the Milkfish, is also easily found in the region. The preparation is a part of everyday cooking across most Batangas households.
Bulanglang RecipeIngredients
Main ingredients of the preparation are over-ripe guava, pechay leaves, onion, garlic, radish, salt, whole pepper, finger pepper and root ginger. For the non-vegetarian version, 2 large milkfish, locally known as Bangus, are sliced and added.
Ingredients of the dish are almost always consistent. However, some prefer to change the meat used and add pork or chicken instead of fish.
Bulanglang RecipePreparation
Making the dish is fairly easy and does not take more than a few minutes. All the vegetables and fruits are combined and boiled and the milkfish, pepper and salt are added. The mixture is cooked for sometime, pechay leaves are added and Bulanglang is ready to be served.
Eating and Serving Bulanglang
The dish is served and consumed hot, especially the non-vegetarian version. Depending on individual preferences, however, it can be eaten warm, at room temperature or chilled. Guava flavoring or tamarind flavoring can be added for more taste.
Although a salad, the dish is considered a wholesome meal in itself and consumed as one. Some, however, prefer to serve it alongside a bigger lunch or dinner meal or as an appetizer.
Health and Nutrition Facts of Bulanglang
Since the dish is made entirely from vegetables and fruits and there is no frying method involved, the preparation is very healthy and a perfect food for those looking to diet. Even the non-vegetarian Bulanglang is fairly healthy as it contains fish.


weight is more than 10. Please see the section on determining the weight of a edge for more information.
closed sets
A closed set is a list of designators surrounded by curly brackets. It can only appear on the right of a relation, for example (^ CASE) = {NOM ACC}, (^ CASE) $ {NOM ACC}, and (^ CASE) << {NOM ACC}. The constraint (^ CASE) = {NOM ACC} is similar to having NOM $ (^ CASE) and ACC $ (^ CASE), except that it also specifies that the set can have no other elements in it (hence the name "closed"). You can test whether an element is in a closed set using constraints like DAT $ (^ CASE). This will fail immediately if (^ CASE) is a closed set and DAT cannot be unified with any of its elements. If a set can be either open or closed, you can test for set membership using DAT $c (^ CASE). This will also fail immediately if (^ CASE) is a closed set and DAT cannot be unified with any of its elements. It will fail eventually from incompleteness if (^ CASE) is an open set and DAT is never added to it.
Closed sets have an implicit narrow-scope disjunction. For instance, if the verb tests the CLASS of the SUBJ using the following constraint:
(^ SUBJ CLASS) $ {CL1 CL2}
and CLASS is not a non-distributive attribute, then if the SUBJ is coordinated, the membership test gets distributed. In particular, the following constraints are consistent with the membership test:
%N1 $ (^ SUBJ)
%N2 $ (^ SUBJ)
(%N1 CLASS) = CL1
(%N2 CLASS) = CL2
This would not be true if the disjunction were explicit:
{(^ SUBJ CLASS) = CL1 | (^ SUBJ CLASS) = CL2}
d\a denotes a restricted version of the f-structure denoted by d (cf. Kaplan and Wedekind 1993). This restricted f-structure is identical to the original f-structure except that it doesn't have the attribute a. For instance, ^\CASE denotes an f-structure identical to ^ except that it cannot have the CASE attribute. ^\A\B denotes the same f-structure as ^\B\A.
If the attribute a is governable and a is in the list of governable attributes for d, then a will not be in the list of governable attributes for d\a. If a is governable and a is not in the list of governable attributes for d\a, then a will be in the list of governable attributes for d. This means that a constraint like!\SUBJ\OBJ = ^\SUBJ\OBL-AGT takes the governable attributes of!, subtracts SUBJ and OBJ from them to get the governable attributes for!\SUBJ\OBJ, and then adds SUBJ and OBL-AGT to them to get the governable attributes for ^. This can be useful as part of a syntactic rule for passivization, such as:
 (! OBJ) = (^ SUBJ)
 (! SUBJ) = (^ OBL-AGT)
 {(! SUBJ) = NULL}
 (^ PASSIVE)=+
 (! PASSIVE)=-;
This is similar in effect to the lexical rewrite rules:
(^ OBJ) --> (^ SUBJ)
{ (^ SUBJ) --> (^ OBL-AGT)
|(^ SUBJ) --> NULL}
except that!\SUBJ\OBJ = ^\SUBJ\OBL-AGT doesn't require there to be an OBL-AGT in ^ (it just allows it). Note that there are very few ways that the passivation rule can be written using restriction. If you mimic the structure of the lexical rule such that the disjunction includes (! SUBJ) = (^ OBL-AGT) then you get unexpected results. Also, using {(! PRED ARG1) = NULL} fails. The only variation that works is using {(^ OBJ) = NULL}.
Restriction can also be used to add governable attributes to an f-structure, although it is not possible to add arguments to an existing PRED semantic value. For instance, if you wanted a mono-clausal f-structure for a light verb construction, you would still need a bi-clausal semantic structure. This could be done using the following grammar fragment:
 VP -> {V "regular verb construction"
(NP: (^ OBJ)=!)
(NP: (^ OBJ2)=!)
(PPobl: (^ OBL-BY)=! (! PCASE)=by)
| LV "light verb construction"
VP: "^ equals! except for SUBJ and PRED"
"the SUBJ becomes an OBJ2"
"the PRED becomes an argument of the light verb"
(! SUBJ) = (^ OBJ2)
(! PRED) = (^ PRED ARG2);
(NP: (^ OBJ2)=!)
let LV * (^ PRED)='let<(^ SUBJ) %ARG2>'
"%ARG2 will be filled in with the lower predicate".
This grammar fragment will create a single f-structure where the SUBJ of the main verb becomes the OBJ2 of the light verb's f-structure. The PRED of the light verb has two arguments: the SUBJ and the PRED of the main verb.
In general, both variables involved in a restricted equality are included in the XLE output. However, if there is a restricted equality between ^ and!, then XLE will suppress the contents of!. Also, if a governable attribute is equal to NULL, then the governable attribute is not displayed.
Propositions are elementary formulas in the functional description language that assert properties of f-structures and other projections. These propositions are true or false of a model consisting of a structure and an assignment of the variables in the proposition to the elements of that structure. The formulas involve a fixed set of predicates and relations as detailed below. These predicates and relations are asserted of arbitrary designators d1, d2, and d.
truth value
These are the truth-value constants that provide a grounding for the logical system. They do not commonly appear in grammatical specifications, but they may arise in the course of grammatical analysis and show up in some of XLE's output displays. They may also be useful in the invocation of functional templates as described below.
d1 = d2
d1 =c d2
The equality predicates are true if d1 and d2 denote exactly the same entity. The difference between the defining equality and the constraining equality =c is that the latter is true only if the equality is implied by all the defining propositions in the functional description. Technically, this is a slightly stronger condition than the one given in Kaplan and Bresnan (1982) because it requires that the constraining equality be true of all extensions of the minimal model, whereas Kaplan and Bresnan only imposed the constraint on the minimal model alone. The letter c (which may be in upper or lower case) must appear immediately next to the =, with no intervening white-space. If d2 is a symbol designator, there must be white-space between it and the preceding c. Thus, (^ SPECIES)=COW is interpreted as a defining equation involving the symbol COW. The proposition must be written as (^ SPECIES)=C OW to obtain a constraining equality on the symbol OW.
set membership
d1 $ d2
The membership predicate is true if d2 denotes a set and d1 denotes one of its elements. This, for example, is used for assigning adjuncts to the adjunct set: ! $ (^ ADJUNCT). It is also used in coordination to make each conjunct a member of a set:! $ ^.
existential constraint
A designator standing by itself is true if the designator has a denotation in the minimal structure satisfying the defining propositions in the f-description. It makes no sense to assert an existential constraint of a symbol or semantic-form designator, since these always have a denotation. XLE therefore issues an error message when it encounters such a constraint. This is usually symptomatic either of a conceptual confusion or of a notational mistake elsewhere in the f-description. An example of an existential constrain would be to require all sentences to be tensed:
 VP: (^ TENSE).
functional and abstract category constraints
The CAT predicate specifies conditions on units of f-structure or other projections that hold by virtue of the nodes that those units correspond to. The CAT predicate is defined in terms of the inverses of structural correspondences, and a CAT proposition is satisfied if and only if the entity denoted by the designator d is a projection of at least one node whose category is in 'categories'. If d denotes an f-structure, then
@(CAT d categories) iff there is some n in phi-1(d) such that category(n) $ categories.
As with abstract precedence, if d involves a composition of other correspondences and thus denotes an element in some other abstract structure, that combination of correspondences is similarly inverted to produce a set of nodes whose categories can be tested.
The CAT predicate permits constraints to be imposed on the categories of the nodes that map to an f-structure without actually copying a category feature into the f-structure (or doing it surreptitiously as Kaplan and Bresnan (1982) did when they used grammatical-function names like VCOMP, ACOMP, and PCOMP). Asserting contraints by means of this correspondence-based predicate maintains the essential modularity of c-structure and f-structure properties while still allowing for limited and controlled interactions to be expressed.


Sell on Amazon Sign in
This article applies to selling in: United States
Condition guidelines: Personal Computers
In addition to the general condition guidelines, before selling a computer on Amazon, you must restore the computer's hard drive and any software on it to its original state in one of the following ways:
 - Use the Restore discs included with the computer.
 - Reformat the computer's hard drive and reinstall the original software.
Include in your shipment any documentation provided with the computer itself and any software installed on the computer.
You must comply with the terms of any software licenses or other agreements governing any software on the computer. This includes any restrictions on transferring software or retaining copies of any software.
Reach Hundreds of Millions of Customers
Start Selling On Amazon
© _PHONE_,, Inc. or its affiliates


text:
Investigating Motivations and Expectations of Asking a Question in Social Q&A
Social Q&A (SQA) has rapidly grown in popularity, impacting people's information seeking behaviors. Although previous research has examined how people seek and share information within SQA, fundamental questions of user motivations and expectations for information seeking remain. This paper applies the theoretical framework of uses and gratification theory to investigate the motivations for SQA use, and adapts relevance criteria from library and information science (LIS) literature to investigate expectations with regard to evaluation of content within SQA site Yahoo! Answers. A total of 75 Yahoo! Answers users participated in a survey that asked them about reasons, methods, and expectations relating to asking questions within the SQA site. Findings indicate the importance of motivations and expectations in fulfilling both cognitive and socio–affective needs based upon the type of task performed. These findings provide encouraging evidence that understanding the interrelationship between the motivations behind and expectations of asking a question can inform a more holistic framework to assess information.
Published in First Monday, Volume 19, Issue 3, Spring 2014.
© First Monday 2014, University of Illinois at Chicago Library
Choi, E., Kitzie, V., & Shah, C. (2014). Investigating motivations and expectations of asking a question in social Q and A. First Monday, 19(3).

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
There are two situations:
- Your document and XPage are in the same database;
- Your Xpages are in a different database to your documents.
2. The ability to separate the code from the data is a strength of XPages. But it is then no longer possible to set the property on a document's form when the XPage is not in the same database. We need to send a link using mime, as you would have done in earlier versions of Notes. Here is the SSJS version:
var body = memo.createMIMEEntity();
var stream = session.createStream();
var info = ;
body.setContentFromText(stream, "text/html; charset=iso-8859-1", 0);
In this case we simply want the email recipient to see a message about their role in the workflow, followed by a hotlink (Open Link) to open the appropriate document:
var info = msg + "Open Link";
Application scope variables define the url of the server where the XPage is located and another to define the common name of the server where the database that contains the document is located. You can see that the link is to the XPage, xProposal.xsp, with the parameter, databaseName, defining the server and database, then the documentId parameter defining the document's universal id. The action parameter determines whether to open in read mode or edit mode.
You do need to apply Fixpack 2 to your 8.5.2 Domino servers if you wish to store your XPages in a datatbase that is in a different directory to the databases containing your documents and then be able to access this from the Notes client.


text:
Implementation intention as a cognitive strategy in STEM education : assessing pre-algebraic performance in 8th grade math instruction.
Access rightsNo access - Contact _EMAIL_
Nguyen, Megan, 1991-
MetadataShow full item record
Conceptualization of STEM has been a challenge due to varying perspectives within schools, school districts, and instructors. Implementation intention refers to a memory encoding strategy in which individuals explicitly specify retrieval cues to help them remember to perform goal directed actions. This study's objective was to examine if the integration of implementation intention encoding would differ from STEM students to students in a traditional classroom. Moreover, comparing math performance between students trained and not trained in an implementation intention strategy. Results from a 2 X 2 ANOVA test and reported means indicate that participants in the treatment groups at both schools performed better than their control counterparts. Additionally, there is a significant main effect for the STEM school participants overall compared to the traditional school participants. Effectiveness of implementation intention encoding suggests that it would be beneficial for educators to incorporate the strategy into instruction to produce self-regulated mathematical learners.


Example: Enter the names of the places FROM Tver,Russia TO Bacau,Romania then press ENTER or DISTANCE button
What if they are more cities with similar names?
Exemplu: Tver,Russia
Directions. How to change route
distance between Tver,Russia - Bacau,Romania
Calculate-distance.com - condition to use:
However, it is posible some of the information (ie. city, calculate distance, route, distances, etc.) contained in this website to not be very precise.


text:
Traveling Luck for Ouen Dakoesse, New Caledonia (general), New Caledonia
Where is Ouen Dakoesse?What's around Ouen Dakoesse?
Wikipedia near Ouen Dakoesse
Where to stay near Ouen Dakoesse
The timezone in Ouen Dakoesse is Pacific/Noumea
Sunrise at 05:02 and Sunset at 18:20. It's Dark
Latitude. -21.8333°, Longitude. _PHONE_°
Satellite map around Ouen Dakoesse
Loading map of Ouen Dakoesse and it's surroudings
Geographic features & Photographs around Ouen Dakoesse, in New Caledonia (general), New Caledonia
- a body of running water moving to a lower level in a channel on land.
- a long narrow elevation with steep sides, and a more or less continuous crest.
- Kochéré (15.9km)
- tribal area;
- a tract of land used by nomadic or other tribes.
- Tribu de Koum (49.1km)
- an area where vessels may anchor.
- Mouillage de Ngoé (20.5km)
- a mountain range or a group of mountains or high ridges.
- Massif du Humboldt (36.9km)
- a coastal indentation between two capes or headlands, larger than a cove but smaller than a gulf.
- Baie de Kouakoué (52.2km)
- a break in a mountain range or other high obstruction, used for transportation from one side to the other [See also gap].
- Col de Ni (47.7km)
Airports close to Ouen Dakoesse
La tontouta(NOU), Noumea, New caledonia (117.4km)
Noumea magenta(GEA), Noumea, New caledonia (149.4km)


How to Find Upper & Lower Quintiles in Excel
by Shawn McClain, Demand Media
Quintiles are simply four numbers that break up numerical data sets into five equal parts. For example, if you took the number set of 1,2,3 and 4, the quintiles would be 1.6, 2.2, 2.8 and 3.4, as the five sections are all equal at 0.6. The upper and lower quintiles are simply the highest and lowest of the quintile numbers, which show the top and bottom 20 percent of the data set. Excel doesn't have a specific function to determine quintiles, but you can use the PERCENTILE function to get your desired result.
Step 1
Open a blank Excel 2010 spreadsheet.
Step 2
Click on cell "A1" and enter your numerical data down the spreadsheet's first column. Take note of the number of the last row where you enter data.
Step 3
Select cell "B1." Type the following formula into the cell, without quotes: "=PERCENTILE.INC(A1:AX,.2)". Change the "X" to whatever number corresponds to the last row where you entered data in the first column. Press "Enter" to complete the formula, and the lower quintile will appear in the cell.
Step 4
Select cell "B2" and enter the same formula, with one difference, altering the last number from ".2" to ".8." Press "Enter," and the number that corresponds to the upper quintile will appear in the cell.
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text:
To make an educated decision, you need to know what publishing does and what it does not.
Publishing is the process of copying content from one database to another. By default there is one source database -
master and one destination database
web database is the publishing target.
When you publish, Sitecore copies data from 3 tables
UnversionedField. Copy here is not just moving bytes. It is a sophisticated process that transforms data to the form that works best for delivery. From top of my head the following transformations are performed:
- Clones are merged
- Language fallback fields are materialized
- Old Item versions are removed so only recent one is kept
But Sitecore is not just
Fields. Other important artifacts are not moved when you publish content. What is not included:
- xDB data
- Sitecore modules, fixes, updates
- Users and Roles (although permissions are moved as they are stored in Item
- Application Files - configuration, CSS, JS, Razor views and others
- Application Code
After content is copied, target Server receives
publish:end:remote event. During this event pipeline Sitecore clears caches for affected items and pushes affected items to Search Indexes.
As you can see, publishing is an expensive process. It may be an overkill to use it if you want to have two always synchronized environments. Consider shared database or SQL Replication for that scenario.
Multiple Publishing Targets work best for scenarios when two conditions are met:
- Sitecore and your App versions are synchronized
- You need to control over how your content is traveling from one environment to another.
Steve Newstead already provided great sample when it make most sense in his answer


text:
Definition of garage
- garage Noun A building (or section of a building) used to store a car, tools and other miscellaneous items.
- garage Noun A place where cars are serviced and repaired.
- garage Noun A petrol filling station,
- garage Noun An independent automobile repair shop.
- garage Noun A type of guitar rock music, personified by amateur bands playing in the basement or garage.
- garage Noun A type of electronic dance music.
- garage Verb To store in a garage.


Skip to definition.
Noun: fig leaf fig leef
 1. A leaf from a fig tree
 2. A covering consisting of anything intended to conceal something regarded as shameful
Type of: covering, foliage, leaf, leafage
Encyclopedia: Fig leaf


text:
Definition of electrically
adv. - In the manner of electricity, or by means of it; thrillingly. 2
The word "electrically" uses 12 letters: A C C E E I L L L R T Y.
No direct anagrams for electrically found in this word list.
Adding one letter to electrically does not form any other word in this word list.Words within electrically not shown as it has more than seven letters.
All words formed from electrically by changing one letter
Browse words starting with electrically by next letter


Ask Mr. Smarty Plants
Smoking mint instead of tobacco from Fairfield CA
Author: Barbara Medford
Date: Saturday - March 23, 2013
From: Fairfield, CA
QUESTION: I realize this is a stupid question, but i am a little curious about this. Anyway I heard more people are smoking mint leaves to help cure their addiction to tobacco and i was wondering if it is safe? I know that smoking in general is bad, but i want to know if there is anything specific in mint that can harm the lungs.
There are several reasons why this question falls out of Mr. Smarty Plant's expertise. Our focus is on the growth, propagation and protection of plants native not only to North America but to the area in which those plants grow naturally. There are170 plants in the Lamiaceae (mint) family native to North America, but you are probably asking about the mints native to the Meditteranean area of Europe, widely used for fragrance and food flavoring. So that's the first reason we wouldn't be able to answer questions about smoking it. The second reason is that our first name is "Smarty," which precludes our making any comment at all on the wisdom of sticking any burning plant in our mouth and inhaling the fumes.
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Beam Emission Spectroscopy, BES
Beam Emission Spectroscopy measures plasma turbulence. It registers the light emitted from the neutral particle beams which are injected into the plasma for heating or diagnostic. These particles collide with plasma particles, get excited and emit light. The intensity variations of these emissions reflect the local density fluctuations, from which plasma turbulence can be measured.
Synonyms: BES


Last Updated: October 8, 2019
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Definition - What does Acomoclitic mean?
Acomoclitic is a term for a person who prefers bare or hairless genitals. Acomoclitics may look for hairless genitals in a partner, remove the hair from their own genitals, or both.
Acomocliticism is the opposite of pubephilia where people become aroused by the feel or sight of human public hair.
In the naturist community, where acomocliticism is common, an acomoclitic may be known as a smoothie.
Kinkly explains Acomoclitic
Acomoclitics may spend an excessive amount of time thinking about hairless genitals and have recurring fantasies surrounding this part of the anatomy. They may also exclusively choose partners who remove their genital hair. Acomoclitics typically enjoy both the look and feel of hairless genitals. Many acomoclitics also feel that hairless genitals are more hygienic.
Acomoclitics may remove their pubic hair using razors, hot waxes, or sugaring methods. Some acomoclitic couples find hair removal arousing and make this part of their foreplay.
While hairless genitals are often associated with prepubescent individuals, most acomoclitics insist they do not have a preference for very young partners. Instead, many feel that adults who remove their public hair appear more confident after taking control of their own bodies.
Acomocliticism may be simply defined as a preference like that for curvy women or tattooed men. In other cases, it is a clear fetish. Acomocliticism does not generally require treatment unless it begins to interfere with an individual's day-to-day life. Psychoanalysis, hypnosis, and behavioral and cognitive therapies are some methods for effectively treating acomocliticism.
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text:
- class docarray.array.mixins.evaluation.EvaluationMixin#
A mixin that provides ranking evaluation functionality to DocumentArrayLike objects
- evaluate(other, metric, hash_fn=None, metric_name=None, strict=True, **kwargs)#
Compute ranking evaluation metrics for a given DocumentArray when compared with a groundtruth.
This implementation expects to provide a groundtruth DocumentArray that is structurally identical to self. It is based on comparing the matches of documents inside the 'DocumentArray.
This method will fill the evaluations field of Documents inside this DocumentArray and will return the average of the computations
other (DocumentArray) – The groundtruth DocumentArray' that the DocumentArray compares to.
float]]) – The name of the metric, or multiple metrics to be computed
str]]) – The function used for identifying the uniqueness of Documents. If not given, then
str]) – If provided, the results of the metrics computation will be stored in the evaluations field of each Document. If not provided, the name will be computed based on the metrics name.
bool) – If set, then left and right sides are required to be fully aligned: on the length, and on the semantic of length. These are preventing you to evaluate on irrelevant matches accidentally.
kwargs – Additional keyword arguments to be passed to metric_fn
- Return type
The average evaluation computed or a list of them if multiple metrics are required


jective, this means that
for every vector
Non-commutative case: a caveat
Proposition. Let Template:Mvar be the ring of non-commutative real polynomials in Template:Mvar and Template:Mvar. Let Template:Mvar be the principal two-sided ideal generated by Template:Mvar and Template:Mvar the principal two-sided ideal generated by xy + 1. Then I + J = R but IJIJ.
Proof. Observe that Template:Mvar is formed by all polynomials with an Template:Mvar in every term and that every polynomial in Template:Mvar vanishes under the substitution y = − {{ safesubst:_TAG_:Unsubst||$B=1/x}}. Then clearly p = (xy + 1)xIJ. Define a "term in Template:Mvar", as an element of the multiplicative monoid of Template:Mvar generated by Template:Mvar and Template:Mvar, and its degree as the usual degree of the term after the substitution y = x. On the other hand, suppose qJ. Observe that a term in Template:Mvar of maximum degree depends on Template:Mvar otherwise Template:Mvar under the substitution y = − {{ safesubst:_TAG_:Unsubst||$B=1/x}} can not vanish. The same happens then for an element qIJ. Note that the last Template:Mvar, from left to right, in a term of maximum degree in an element of Template:Mvar is preceded by more than one Template:Mvar. (We are counting here all the preceding Template:Mvars. E.g., in x2yxyx5 the last Template:Mvar is preceded by three Template:Mvars.) This proves that p = (xy + 1)xIJ since the last Template:Mvar in the term of maximum degree in Template:Mvar (Template:Mvar) is preceded by only one Template:Mvar. Hence IJIJ.
See also
 - {{_TAG_:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=citation }}. See Section 31.5: The Chinese remainder theorem, pp. 873–876.
 - {{_TAG_:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=citation }}
 - {{_TAG_:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=citation }}. See in particular Section 2.5, "Helly Property", pp. 393–394.
 - {{_TAG_:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=citation }}
 - {{_TAG_:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=citation }}
 - {{_TAG_:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=citation }}
 - {{_TAG_:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=citation }}. See Section 4.3.2 (pp. 286–291), exercise 4.6.2–3 (page 456).
 - {{_TAG_:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=citation }}
External links
 - {{_TAG_:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=citation }}


text:
Rating with Confidence: How Rating Scales Affect Future WOM Behavior
42 Pages Posted: 18 Sep 2013
Date Written: September 17, 2013
Firms collecting product ratings are able to choose the scale design (e.g., 2-pt vs. 5-pt scales) for consumers to provide rating scores. While previous research on survey methodology has studied the impact of scale design on measurement reliability and validity, there has been little work documenting the potential impact of this choice following the rating event. The present research argues that the rating scale may affect a rater's likelihood of engaging in subsequent word-of-mouth (WOM) behavior. Specifically, conducting four experiments, we show that participants' WOM intentions are higher after evaluating their consumption experience on a 5-point rating scale than on a 2-point rating scale. We introduce a new construct – "rating certainty" – which reflects a rater's certainty belief regarding her chosen rating score and which mediates the relationship between rating scale and WOM intentions.
Keywords: word-of-mouth, product ratings, scale design
Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation


How much electricity do LED street lights use?
A high-pressure sodium street light can draw up to 1000 watts, and an incandescent light used in the 1900s needed 320 watts. Some LED street lights require only 73 watts and, according to the U. S. Department of Energy, produce a higher quality of light.
Do LED lights take up electricity?
LEDs consume far less electricity than incandescent bulbs, and decorative LED light strings such as Christmas tree lights are no different. … Safer: LEDs are much cooler than incandescent lights, reducing the risk of combustion or burnt fingers.
How much does it cost to run street lights?
Keeping this in mind, the running cost of the street light would be 40 x 100 x 0.12/1,000 = $0.48 an hour. On the other hand, if you use high-pressure sodium street lamps, halogen lamps, and metal halide lamps, the cost of running the street lights would be $1 an hour.
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How much does a street light cost to run UK?
How much energy does a street light use? Typically, lights on residential roads contain a 35 watt lamp, while those on main roads contain a 150 watt lamp. In simple terms, the electricity consumed by an 'average' light will cost between £25 and £65 a year.
Who pays for the electricity for street lights?
Essential Energy is responsible for the maintenance and billing of around 160,000 streetlights for 85 Councils across NSW and southern Queensland, from Bega Valley in the south to Tweed Heads in the north and Broken Hill in the west.
How much does it cost to run a 1000w LED light?
You need to divide your wattage by 1,000 (1,000 kilowats in 1 watt). So, if we were to run a 1000 watt grow light 18 hours a day with the kWh rate we gave earlier, our formula would be: 1 x $0.1559 x 18 x 30 = $84.186/month.
Can you leave LED strip lights on all night?
How long does it take to install a street light?
On contrary, if you're going to do it by hand, this will take around 15-20 minutes. Beside this, you will also need at least four to five men to help you out in installing it properly. In short, the complete installation will not take longer than 2 hours if done properly and stepwise.
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How long do street light bulbs last?
With proper maintenance and renewal, most street lights will last 20 years or longer. The pole that supports a decorative street light can last 90 years with proper maintenance.
How do you calculate lighting consumption?
To find the total wattage of a fixture, add the wattage of each light bulb together.
 1. fixture watts = bulb watts × bulb quantity.
 2. kWh = Power(W) × Time(hrs) ÷ 1,000.
 3. monthly kWh = kWh per day × 30.
 4. price = kWh × cost per kWh.
How many kilowatts does a street light use?
2004. "The lamps used in streetlights vary in both size and consumption (typically between 35 and 250 Watts) depending upon whether they are lighting a residential area, main road or a town centre." "It is generally assumed that the average wattage of a streetlight is about 80 watts." Outdoor Lighting Handbook.
How many street lights are in the UK?
In that case, we will have approximately 2.8 million street lights. Final answer: 2.8 million street lights are there in London.
How many street lights are there in the world?
There are currently 304 million total streetlights in the world. This number will grow to 352 million total streetlights by 2025.
Why do we pay for electricity?
How do street lights turn on?
The most commonly used component in streetlights is called a cadmium sulphide photoresistor, or a CdS cell for short. … When it gets dark, then not much current can flow to the electromagnet so the switch closes and allows electricity to flow to the streetlight, turning it on.
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Does the government pay for electricity?
Renewable generation is supported by direct subsidies (money for electricity) while generation from fossil fuels is supported via indirect subsidies (tax preferences on fuel production). … Renewables-focused subsidies like the Production Tax Credit and the Investment Tax Credit offer clear benefit to wind and solar.
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I have modified the value of net.core.rmem_max with sysctl, and now I would like to set it back to its default value.
If I reboot, net.core.rmem_max will go back to its default value (because it is not overridden in /etc/sysctl.conf), but can I know this value without rebooting?
Ideally I should have run sysctl net.core.rmem_max to read the value before modifying it, but I forgot...
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2 Answers 2
This is not possible in general: the kernel does not retain the original values (at least under Linux it doesn't, and this is probably true of other unix variants). The value of the setting is stored in a variable; when you change the setting, the memory containing the variable is irreversibly updated.
For most settings, the initial value of the variable is a constant that is determined at compile time and stored in the kernel binary. So you could, in principle, inspect your kernel binary to find the default value. You would have to locate the symbol corresponding to the setting you're interested in, and follow the address of that symbol in the kernel binary. Booting your kernel in a virtual machine would be less work.
For most settings, you can look in the kernel source — kernel/sysctl.c and other files. You'll see definitions like
 .procname = "rmem_max",
 .data = &sysctl_rmem_max,
(in net/core/sysctl_net_core.c), from which you can trace the initialization of the sysctl_rmem_max variable. While this one is initialized from a constant, it takes quite a bit of reading C code to expand.
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On my OpenBSD machine, /etc/sysctl.conf lists a bunch of default sysctl values, but this list is not exhaustive.
Probably the best way is to read the sysctl code or ask a friend who is running the same OS for his values :)
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Siblings)
Types of siblings[change | change source]
There are several different types of siblings.
- Full siblings (brother, sister): These siblings have the same father and mother.
- Half siblings (half-brother, half-sister): These siblings have one parent that is the same. They either have the same father or the same mother.
- Step siblings (stepbrother, stepsister): These sibling have different fathers and mothers but one of their parents is married to a parent of the other one.
- example: John and Tom are step brothers because John's father is married to Tom's mother.
- Siblings by breastfeeding: In Islam someone who is breastfed by a woman who is not their birth mother become siblings to the children of that woman if they are less than 2 years old and have been breastfed five times or more by that woman.


Definition of:edge connector
edge connector
The protruding part of an expansion board that is inserted into an expansion slot. It contains a series of printed lines that go to and come from the circuits on the board. The number of lines (pins) and the width and depth of the lines are different on the various interfaces (ISA, EISA, PCI, Micro Channel, etc.).
Edge Connector
Edge connectors are very popular because they are "printed" onto the outer layers of the board in the same process that creates the circuit lines.
Plug In Cartridges
Edge connectors provide a simple connection mechanism for cartridges such as these educational programs for preschoolers.


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The big male nose
Source - _URL_
Male noses grow disproportionately larger than female noses beginning at puberty, a University of Iowa study has found. The reason: males need to breathe in more oxygen to feed muscle mass than females. - College of Dentistry, University of Iowa
Human noses come in all shapes and sizes. But one feature seems to hold true: Men's noses are bigger than women's.
A new study from the University of Iowa concludes that men's noses are about 10 percent larger than female noses, on average, in populations of European descent. The size difference, the researchers believe, comes from the sexes' different builds and energy demands: Males in general have more lean muscle mass, which requires more oxygen for muscle tissue growth and maintenance. Larger noses mean more oxygen can be breathed in and transported in the blood to supply the muscle.
The researchers also note that males and females begin to show differences in nose size at around age 11, generally, when puberty starts. Physiologically speaking, males begin to grow more lean muscle mass from that time, while females grow more fat mass. Prior research has shown that, during puberty, approximately 95 percent of body weight gain in males comes from fat-free mass, compared to 85 percent in females.
"This relationship has been discussed in the literature, but this is the first study to examine how the size of the nose relates to body size in males and females in a longitudinal study," says Nathan Holton, assistant professor in the UI College of Dentistry and lead author of the paper, published in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology. "We have shown that as body size increases in males and females during growth, males exhibit a disproportionate increase in nasal size. This follows the same pattern as energetic variables such as oxygenate consumption, basal metabolic rate and daily energy requirements during growth."
It also explains why our noses are smaller than those of our ancestors, such as the Neanderthals. The reason, the researchers believe, is because our distant lineages had more muscle mass, and so needed larger noses to maintain that muscle. Modern humans have less lean muscle mass, meaning we can get away with smaller noses.
"So, in humans, the nose can become small, because our bodies have smaller oxygen requirements than we see in archaic humans," Holton says, noting also that the rib cages and lungs are smaller in modern humans, reinforcing the idea that we don't need as much oxygen to feed our frames as our ancestors. "This all tells us physiologically how modern humans have changed from their ancestors."
Holton and his team tracked nose size and growth of 38 individuals of European descent enrolled in the Iowa Facial Growth Study from three years of age until the mid-twenties, taking external and internal measurements at regular intervals for each individual. The researchers found that boys and girls have the same nose size, generally speaking, from birth until puberty percolated, around age 11. From that point onward, the size difference grew more pronounced, the measurements showed.
"Even if the body size is the same," Holton says, "males have larger noses, because more of the body is made up of that expensive tissue. And, it's at puberty that these differences really take off."
Holton says the findings should hold true for other populations, as differences in male and female physiology cut across cultures and races, although further studies would need to confirm that.
Prior research appears to support Holton's findings. In a 1999 study published in the European Journal of Nutrition, researchers documented that males' energy needs doubles that of females post-puberty, "indicating a disproportional increase in energy expenditure in males during this developmental period," Holton and his colleagues write.
Another interesting aspect of the research is what it all means for how we think of the nose. It's not just a centrally located adornment on our face; it's more a valuable extension of our lungs.
"So, in that sense, we can think of it as being independent of the skull, and more closely tied with non-cranial aspects of anatomy," Holton says.
Thomas Southard, professor and chair of orthodontics in the UI College of Dentistry, is a contributing author on the paper. Other authors are Todd Yokley, from Metropolitan State University in Denver, and Andrew Froehle, from Wright State University, in Dayton, Ohio. The Department of Orthodontics in the UI College of Dentistry funded the research.
Note: This story has been adapted from a news release issued by the University of Iowa


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About the Norwegian Garnes name and the pronunciation:
Here in Norway we have at least two places called Garnes. They are not cities, but small places by the coastline. One close to the Bergen, and another close Ålesund. My family name origins from the latter. In Norwegian the name Garnes actually means something. "Gar" os "gard" means farm, and "nes" means headland. So it was as simple as a farm on some headland in the beginning. And since this is not so uncommon here, several places got the same name.
Now to the other spelling - "garnaas". This is actually another name, with another meaning and origin. "Garn" means "net", like in fishing net, but may also mean "yarn, thread, (knitting) wool, cotton (yarn)". "Aas" or "ås" means "hill" or "ridge", but may also mean "God" - the old norse gods that is.
There are around 4-5 places in Norway called "Garnaas" or "Garnås", and these are mainly located inland - not by the coast like the "garnes" farms. This may point in the direction of knitting wool and not fishing net, but this is only guessing. Maybe some norwegian called Garnaas can help?
The letter å (an a with a ring on top) is sometimes written as "aa", and I _think_ americans could say "aww" or "awe" to get the pronunciation correct.
426 norwegians are called Garnes 68 norwegians are called Garnås 43 norwegians are called Garnaas


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Graduate Academic Services (GAS)
Graduate Studies Home
What is A Human Service Professional?
human service practitioner is a professional who acts as an agent to
assist and or empower individuals, groups, families and communities to
prevent, alleviate or better cope with crisis, change and stress to
enable them to function more effectively in all areas of life and
Goal of the Human Service Practitioner
goal of the human service Practitioner is to enable people to live more
satisfying, more autonomous, and more productive lives, through the
utilization of society's knowledge, resources, and technical
The Human Service Practice Model
Human Service Professional is one who uses the human services practice
model to assess and deliver services. This model views people,
service and the social environment as integrated entities. This
perspective helps individuals, families and communities address and
overcome issues and barriers that arise from a variety of social
problems and adverse societal conditions.
The Role of the Human Service Professional
Human Service Professional is a generalist who works side-by-side with
various professionals and assumes a wide range of roles to assist
individuals, groups, organizations and communities. The human
service professional does not necessarily do in-depth and
psychotherapy, but is well-equipped to facilitate client change and
growth typically by working directly or indirectly with
clients/consumers around concrete tasks, objectives and goals.
Typically the work of the human service professional focuses on one or
more of the following roles.
- Counselor works
with individuals and groups to help identify and solve problems of
everyday living using behavioral and social science theory.
- Outreach Worker provides information to communities and carries out liaison activities in surrounding communities.
- Broker helps clients define needs and utilize new services
- Advocate champions and defends clients' causes and rights
- Research/Evaluator assesses
client programs and shows that agencies are accountable for services
provided. Collects and interprets data through a variety of
research methods to carry out needs assessment, implement programs and
- Teacher/Educator models new behaviors for clients, and conveys new skills
- Behavior Specialist
carries out a range of activities planned primarily to change behavior,
including coaching, problem solving, counseling and behavioral
- Mobilizer organizes client and community to obtain new community services and resources
uses specialized knowledge to work with other professionals and health
and human service agencies regarding their handling of problems, needs
- Community Planner designs,
implements and organizes new programs to serve consumer needs.
This includes work with community boards and committees and grass root
groups to minimize emotional stress and remove social and economic
- Care Manager/ Case Manager
assesses individual consumers, assists in the development of a care
plan/treatment plan, arranges for service delivery, performs a
monitoring function and completes a reassessment to determine service
outcomes, and might also facilitate discharge planning and provide
follow up services.
carries out management and/or supervisory activities that are oriented
to the organization/agency as a total system. This includes
program management, budgeting, human resources management, strategic
resources management, marketing management and so forth.
Occupations which have the following types of responsibilities and functions ARE considered legitimate human service professions.
- Counselors in substance abuse, mental health, mental retardation, corrections, juvenile justice and health care
managers and supervisors of community based grass root agencies,
prevention and intervention programs and other human service and health
- Practitioners and managers in law enforcement, criminal justice and public safety
- Practitioners and managers in child care, child advocacy, and child welfare, including programs for adolescents
and managers for residential facilities in the areas of developmental
disabilities, mental health, mental retardation
and managers in programs and facilities serving the older population,
such as nursing homes, adult day care centers, senior centers,
independent living facilities and other community services.
- Case workers or managers in the Department of Public Welfare
ministry and other full time church related practitioners engaged in
pastoral counseling, community outreach and other forms of faith based
- Practitioners and managers
in human services agencies, universities and public or private
organizations working in human resource management, training and
development, employee assistance, affirmative action or community
Occupations which have the following types of responsibilities and functions ARE NOT considered legitimate human service professions.
- Administrative Assistant
- Agency Receptionists
- Book Keeper
- Purchasing Agent
- Service Representatives/Consumer Services Representatives/Sales Representative
- Maintenance and Housekeeping
- Transportation Services Provider
- Medical Technicians such as phlebotomist, respiratory technician.
- Clerical positions even when they occur in human service agencies.
Center for Graduate and Continuing Education Programs
3020 Market St., Philadelphia PA 19104

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Definitions of clack
n. - To make a sudden, sharp noise, or a succesion of such noises, as by striking an object, or by collision of parts; to rattle; to click. 2
n. - To utter words rapidly and continually, or with abruptness; to let the tongue run. 2
v. t. - To cause to make a sudden, sharp noise, or succession of noises; to click. 2
v. t. - To utter rapidly and inconsiderately. 2
v. t. - A sharp, abrupt noise, or succession of noises, made by striking an object. 2
v. t. - Anything that causes a clacking noise, as the clapper of a mill, or a clack valve. 2
v. t. - Continual or importunate talk; prattle; prating. 2
The word "clack" uses 5 letters: A C C K L.
No direct anagrams for clack found in this word list.
List shorter words within clack, sorted by length
All words formed from clack by changing one letter
Browse words starting with clack by next letter


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| Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Anxiety, Advice, and the Ability to Discern: Feeling Anxious Motivates Individuals to Seek and Use Advice
Across eight experiments, we describe the influence of anxiety on advice seeking and advice taking. We find that anxious individuals are more likely to seek and rely on advice than are those in a neutral emotional state (Experiment 1), but this pattern of results does not generalize to other negatively-valenced emotions (Experiment 2). The relationships between anxiety and advice seeking and anxiety and advice taking are mediated by self-confidence; anxiety lowers self-confidence, which increases advice seeking and reliance upon advice (Experiment 3). Though anxiety also impairs information processing, impaired information processing does not mediate the relationship between anxiety and advice taking (Experiment 4). Finally, we find that anxious individuals fail to discriminate between good and bad advice (Experiment 5a-c), and between advice from advisors with and without a conflict of interest (Experiment 6).
Keywords: Motivation and Incentives;


Accents and job prospects in Ireland: Check out the RTE website on how accents may affect job prospects in Irish society. The piece comes in the context of a new bill aiming to ensure that employers do not discriminate against job applicants or employees because of their accent.
In the piece it reads that "In Ireland, it would appear that we are somewhat behind the UK when it comes to accepting that this is an issue. There, received pronunciation refers to the form of dialect adopted typically by those viewed as being from a middle-and upper-class, or southern region upbringing."


CUSIP is a 9 character long identifier. The last digit is a check sum checking the first 8 previous characters. This seems to me that it is not possible for two securities to have the same 8 characters and different check sum. I know this is not exactly quantitative, but I haven't found a forum where I could ask.
Source: _URL_
 - 2
 $\begingroup$ No, for exactly the reasons you state, two CUSIPs cannot differ in inly the last digit. The last digit is a function of the first 8 digits, and any ordered set of 8 digits has only one proper checksum. If two CUSIPs are the same except for rhe last digit, one of them is not a CUSIP, and in fact making that determination is the very purpose of the checksum digit $\endgroup$ – Dan Bron Nov 21 '14 at 12:16
No, 9th character is computed using deterministic algorithm described here: _URL_
Your Answer


All Policies Include Enhanced COVID-19 Cover
Coronavirus FAQs
Animal therapy used to treat mental health inpatients
10 October 2017 13:05
Stroking rats provokes curiosity and questions
Stroking rats provokes curiosity and questions
Animals are successfully being used to treat Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder at a Manchester hospital.
A seven-week "animal magic" course of therapy uses dogs, rabbits and rats to treat patients with severe and long-term mental health conditions at North Manchester General Hospital.
Noah's ART (Animal Rescue Therapy) assists people in opening up about their problems.
Anyone with long-term mental health issues is reminded of the importance of pre-existing medical travel insurance.
Novel and engaging
Sharon Hall, 54, who set up the scheme, says: "A lot of the time the animals can be a real comfort - and the simple physical connection of holding or cuddling an animal can bring profound relaxation even at a time of major mental or emotional anguish."
Noah's Art is one of 35 mental health and well-being initiatives funded by £330,000 in grants from Manchester Health and Care Commissioning.
Ms Hall, a former mental health nurse, says the project helps patients break down barriers and start conversations.
"A lot of the session is non-verbal - and people can just sit and spend time with the animals enjoying a quiet bond," she says, adding that the feedback so far has been "quite magical".
The novel therapy even appeals to disengaged patients.
Occupational therapists at the hospital say the sessions are attracting men who wouldn't normally get involved in group activities.
'A ray of light'
Playing with Moose - a King Charles Cavalier Spaniel puppy - helped Ms Hall cope with the grief of losing her parents, prompting her to set up Noah's ART.
Moose is now used in the sessions along with Maggie - a Jack Russell - rabbits, guinea pigs, rats and even a mouse.
"When people can enjoy animals it can be that small ray of light that gives hope for enjoying other things in life too," Ms Hall added.


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I need help on a math question.
Carly makes a rectangular pepperoni pizza using a 12-inch by 16-inch rectangular pan. If Kyle wants to make a circular pepperoni pizza that is approximately the same thickness as Carly's pizza using the same amount of dough, what should be the diameter of Kyle's circular pan? Please round your answer to the nearest tenth of an inch.
Thanks for helping!
3 Answers | Add Yours
For this question, you need to find the area of the rectangular pan of pizza first. As you know, you find the area of a rectangle by multiplying the two sides by one another. In this case, that is 12*16 = 192.
Then you have to figure the area of a circle. The equation for that is area = pi*r^2 where r is the radius of the circle.
So we know the area and we know pi so our equation is
192 = 3.14(r^2).
We divide both sides by 3.14 and we get
61.14 = r^2
Take the square root of 61.14, which is 7.8.
So the circular pan needs to be 7.8 inches in radius or 15.6 inches in diameter.
Here the volume of material of the dough is same and the thickness of the pizza is same but only the shape and area are different.The first one is rectangular and the second one is flat cylinderical.
Let the thicknes of the pizza be h inch
The volume of the rectangular shape = length*breadth*h =16*12*h...........(1)
The volume of the circular pizza = pi*radius^2*thickness=pi*(diamete/2)^2*thicknes.
Since the volume represented at (1) and (2) are same,
(pi*d^2/4)h = 16*12*h) The h gets cancelled. So solving for, d,
d = sqrt(16*12*4/pi) = 15.63528 inch =15.6 inch
When the thickness of the pizza as well as the amount of dough used for the rectangular and the circular pizzas are same, the areas of the pizza will also be same.
The area of rectangular pizza of 12" x 16" is given by the formula:
Area of rectangle = A = Width x Length = 12 x 16 = 192 sq.inch
The area of a circle is given by:
Area of circle = A = (pi/4) x d^2
Where: d = diameter of circle
Therefore diameter of circular pizza with area = A is given by:
d = [A/(pi/4)]^1/2 = 2 x (A/pi)^1/2
Value of A = 192 and pi is a constant with value 3.141
d = = 2 x (192/3.141)^1/2 = 2 x 7.818 = 15.636 = 15.6"
Diameter of circular pan = 15.6"
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Meta Battle Subway PokeBase - Pokemon Q&A
What is the origin of Arceus' name?
2 votes
I know arc as in High
asked Apr 21, 2011 by Ike,Lloyd Irving
good question
1 Answer
1 vote
Best answer
Arceus's name may come from the words arch (highest) and deus, which is Latin for god. It may also have a root in the Latin word arcanus, which means secret; sacred mystery. Arceus's name may also come from the word archaic (ancient), which comes from the Greek arkhaios, and is derived from the ancient Greek word for "beginning", arkhē. It could have also come from the Latin word archetypus (original). Alternatively, Arceus's name can be seen as a portmanteau of Zeus, the most powerful of Greek gods and arch (highest). Another theory may be the combination of Zeus and Ra spelled backwards (Zeus being the king of gods and Ra being the solar god and creator, albeit in different pantheons). Those two qualities are shared by the Pokémon. Also, Arceus can also be derived from aureus (golden), possibly referring to its hooves and wheel. Nevertheless, Arceus's name origin and possible theories have led fans to believe that Arceus may be in fact a creator deity in Pokémon form. Arceus's name is pronounced with a soft "c" (or "s" sound) by the announcer in Pokémon Battle Revolution; in keeping with its probable name origin, it is pronounced with a hard "c" (or "k" sound) in television commercials and in Arceus and the Jewel of Life. Its name could also come from arc, as in round/ring, since it's surrounded by one.
-From Bulbapedia
answered Apr 21, 2011 by trachy
Thanks for not plagurizing trachy amessage from the foundation for a beter life pass it on
Proper grammar makes for a better life too. ;)
Wrong Arceus is the false japanese god of pokemon
In alchemy, Archeus, or archaeus, is a term used generally to refer to the lowest and most dense aspect of the astral plane which presides over the growth and continuation of all living beings. I'm guessing that they just used a bit of Latin, changed it up, and tied it in a bit more. It's an etyomology SF, so there's no way to tell which one is absolutely right. Besides, it's just a game.
it also may have something to do with the greek word αρχαίο(archeo) which mean ancient.


text: The distribution of archaeomagnetic data in eastern Europe and the Near and Middle East shows a remarkable gap in Turkey. This study presents the first archaeomagnetic results from five different mounds in southeast Turkey, the northern part of Mesopotamia. The rock magnetic experiments indicate that in the majority of the samples the dominant magnetic carrier is magnetite, which is stable to heating to temperatures of 700 degrees C. In general, the demagnetization diagrams are single component and all five sets display well-defined characteristic magnetizations and clustered directions. For the period between 2500 and 700 BCE, the declinations are between 350 degrees and 20 degrees while inclinations are in the range of 49-64 degrees. The directional results are compared with the global geomagnetic field models (CALS7k.2, ARCH3k_cst.1 and CALS3k.4) and the data from the archaeomagnetic database GEOMAGIA50v2. The results are coherent with both the data and the models except for two near-contemporaneous sets dating similar to 2000 BCE, which are offset to the east by more than 20 degrees with respect to CALS7k.2. Archaeointensity measurements were made using the microwave and conventional thermal Thellier methods applied to five sets of samples (four furnaces and a mud-brick wall). These yielded comparable and intriguing results. While those from the furnaces are slightly higher than the CALS7k.2 model and in agreement with the GEOMAGIA50v2 and the Middle East data, the results from the mud-brick wall suggest a high intensity of 100.8 mu T (17.7 x 10(22) Am-2) at similar to 1000 BCE. This result is in excellent agreement with recent claims of extremely high intensity measured in other regions of the Middle East for this time period though less consistent with these being associated with extremely short-lived events. Finally, we discuss our new and other recently published archaeointensity results in terms of geomagnetic intensity versus climate. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


text:
Jump to navigation Jump to search
|Look up switching in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.|
Switching may refer to:
Computing and technology
- Switching, functions performed by a switch:
- Switching, a synonym for shunting in rail transport
- Switching (ecology), a pattern of predation describing predators's selection of food based on its abundance
- Switching (film), a 2003 Danish interactive film
- Code-switching, of languages
- Immunoglobulin class switching, an immunological mechanism that changes the type of antibody produced by B cells
- Task switching (psychology), an experimental research paradigm used in cognitive psychology
| disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Switching.
If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.


Abbse airport (Abbse)
Country: Yemen
ISO country code: YE
City: Abbse
Airport name: Abbse
IATA code: EAB
Time zone: +3.0 GMT
Height above sea level: 198 meters
The length of the runway: 2067 meters
Cheap tickets to Abbse
Contacts Abbse airport
Latitude: 15.300000000000
Longitude: 43.967000000000
Hotels near Abbse airport
To find hotels near Abbse airport, paste in search form the name of the city of (Abbse), then select the dates of Check In and Check Out, select the number of guests and click Search.
EAB airport Abbse transcript or EAB which airport?
The name of the airport: Abbse. The airport is located in the country: Yemen. The city location of the airport in Abbse. IATA airport code Abbse: EAB. The IATA airport code is a 3 letter unique identifier, assigned airports world International air transport Association (IATA). ICAO airport code Abbse: OYAB. The ICAO airport code is a 4 letter unique identifier that is assigned to the airports by the International civil aviation organization (ICAO).
The geographic coordinates of the airport Abbse.
The latitude at which the airport is located: 15.300000000000, the longitude of airport: 43.967000000000. Geographic coordinates of latitude and longitude define the position of the airport on the earth's surface. To fully define the position of the airport in three-dimensional space, we should also know the third coordinate is the height. The height of the airport above sea level is 198 meters. The airport is located in the time zone: +3.0 GMT. The airline always indicates local time of departure and arrival airport according to the time zones.


text: The American Board of Family Practice (ABFP) In-training Examination (ITE) is the most frequently used method of evaluation among accredited family practice programs. Despite its common use, there are still misunderstandings regarding the proper interpretation of the ABFP ITE results. The ABFP ITE is a norm-referenced test that allows for comparison of a resident's performance relative to other residents in the same year of training; it does not measure absolute performance. There is a paucity of evidence supporting the validity of the ABFP ITE. The eight specialty areas and clinical set problems lack sufficient reliability to be interpreted per individual resident. The composite score of the ABFP ITE has sufficient reliability to be used as part of a formal and comprehensive evaluation system. Group comparisons using the 10 ABFP ITE measures are appropriate.


text:
In this section you'll find links to many of the latest Scottish Government statistical releases on the Economy.
Monthly Economic Brief
A monthly summary of the most recent official data on output, the labour market, inflation, retail, and manufactured exports, plus a review of surveys on and forecasts of the Scottish economy.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Scottish quarterly GDP figures are produced in basic prices, also known as Gross Value Added (GVA).
Statistics on the labour market in Scotland provide the latest information on unemployment, employment, economic inactivity, earnings, and public sector employment.
Business and Enterprise
Analysis and research on the Scottish business stock and business financial performance.
Statistics from the Global Connections Survey and the Index of Manufactured Exports.
Information on Scotland's estimated net fiscal balance and current budget balance.
Information on estimated household expenditure in Scotland.
Income and Poverty
Information about income and poverty statistics for Scotland.
Structure of the Economy
Input-Output tables provide a complete picture of the flows of goods and services in the economy for a given year. They detail the relationship between producers and consumers and the interdependencies of industries.
Economic Pocket Databank
Summary of the key statistics on Scotland's economy including information on the Scottish Labour Market, GDP, and other main economic indicators.


text: Our sand calculator will help you estimate how many Cubic Yards of Sand you need for your desired coverage area. Sand Calculator How much sand do I need? The sand calculator offers 4 "Box" area fields and 2 "Circular" area fields for you to calculate multiple areas simultaneously (back yard, front yard, driveway, garden, etc.). Rectangular, Square and Box Areas Enter the width and length of of up to four areas measured in feet and the materials coverage depth for each area in inches Area 2 Square FeetArea 3 Square FeetArea 4 Square FeetArea 1 cubic yardsArea 2 cubic yardsArea 3 cubic yardsArea 4 cubic yards Circular Areas Enter the distance across each circular area measured in feet and the materials coverage depth for each area in inches Circle 1 Square feetCircle 2 Square FeetCircle 1 cubic yardsCircle 2 cubic yardsTotal coverage area in square feet Estimated Cubic Yards RequiredTotal cubic yards of all areas and depths Enter Your Email Address for a Copy of the Calculations NameThis field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. This iframe contains the logic required to handle Ajax powered Gravity Forms.


Tank Math: Full or Empty?
In the "Know-How" section of the March issue, Steven J. Henkind wrote about how fuel gauges operate and how you can prevent fuel-gauge errors. Here's the mathematical formula he discussed in the story.
You can also calculate the amount of fuel in a tank mathematically. For a rectangular tank, the calculation is easy: the overall volume of the tank = Length x Width x Height; if the measured height of the fuel is M% of the height of the tank, then the fuel contained = M% x Overall Volume.
The calculation is more complicated for more complex shapes. The tank shown here is an isosceles-triangular right prism, where L is the length, W is the width, H is the height, and the two (equal) sides are both S. If h is the height of the fuel, the ratio h/H is what a fuel gauge that measures height, not volume, will display. To determine the actual volume for this example, use the following formula:
Volume = (h/H)2 x ((L x W x H)/2).
For example, if L = 4 feet, W = 3 feet, and H = 3 feet, the formula holds that when the tank is full (h=H), Volume = (1)2 x (4x3x3)/2 = 18 cubic feet. But, when the fuel gauge reads 1/2, the actual volume in the tank is (1/2)2 x (4x3x3)/2 = (1/4) x 18 = 4.5 cubic feet. In other words, although the fuel gauge reads 1/2 full (because of the (h/H) ratio), the tank in the illustration is actually only full. To convert from cubic feet to gallons, use the conversion factor 1 cubic foot = 7.48 U.S. gallons. Note also that this formula applies only to this particular shape, and different formulas are required for other shapes.
Posted: February 21, 2008
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plough into
Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to: navigation, search
See also: plow into
plough into (third-person singular simple present ploughs into, present participle ploughing into, simple past and past participle ploughed into)
 1. To crash into something.
 The lorry ploughed into the line of stationary cars.
 2. To engage in some activity with vigor
 - 2011, The Economist, Samsung: The next big bet
 In a bid to escape the vagaries of consumer electronics, Samsung may be ploughing headlong into the areas most ripe for invasion by a new breed of emerging-market titans.
 3. (transitive) To invest a resource (money, material, energy) into something
 - 2012, The Economist, Marketing start-ups: Geeks aren't known for their social skills
 Young start-ups usually have had two financing options: hands-off venture capitalists that are willing to plough money into a company without rolling up their sleeves, or business incubators that are short on funds but wealthy in enthusiasm and knowledge.


How to execute multiple commands through a text file with a Domino server
Technote (FAQ)
Is it possible to execute scripts or a list of commands through a text file on a Domino server?
You can create a text file that lists the commands you would like to execute on the Domino server. The commands which you can include can be anything that can be typed at the server's console. To load the script you must use the < command (less-than symbol), followed by a blank space, and then the name of the text file you created. For example, if you need to execute these commands:
you can create a file called F:\MYFILE.TXT, and within this text file, enter the commands that are to be executed. After you save the.TXT file, enter the following at the Domino server console:
If there is more than one command in the.TXT file, they will be executed in the order in which they appear in the.TXT file.
All commands in the.TXT file could be encapsulated with
start consolelog
in the first line and in the last line
stop consolelog
to write the output into the console.log file.
Note: "stop consolelog" will close any logging launched manually or by CONSOLE_LOG_ENABLED=1 in notes.ini.
These type of batch files are not supported by Lotus.
Document information
More support for:
IBM Domino
Software version:
5.0, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 8.0, 8.5
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method and path. Let assume we would like vary middleware key by HTTP scheme:: options = {... 'http_cache_middleware_vary': RequestVary( environ=['wsgi.url_scheme']) } Request Vary ~~~~~~~~~~~~ :py:class:'~wheezy.http.cacheprofile.RequestVary' is designed to compose a key depending on number of values, including: headers, query, form and environ. It always varies by request method and path. Here is a list of arguments that can be passed during initialization: * ''query'' - a list of request url query items. * ''form'' - a list of form items submitted via http POST method. * ''environ'' - a list of items from environ. The following example will vary incoming request by request url query parameter 'q':: request_vary = RequestVary(query=['q']) Note that you can vary by HTTP headers via environ names. A missing value is distinguished from an empty one. :py:class:'~wheezy.http.cacheprofile.RequestVary' is used by ''CacheProfile'' and ''HTTPCacheMiddleware'' internally. WSGI Adapters ------------- :ref:'wheezy.http' providers middleware adapters to be used for integration with other WSGI applications: * :py:class:'~wheezy.http.middleware.WSGIAdapterMiddleware' - adapts WSGI application response (initialization requires ''wsgi_app'' argument to be passed). * :py:class:'~wheezy.http.middleware.EnvironCacheAdapterMiddleware' - adapts WSGI environ variables: ''wheezy.http.cache_policy'', ''wheezy.http.cache_profile'', ''wheezy.http.cache_dependency'' for http content caching middleware. See the demo example in the 'wsgi_adapter'_ application... _'WSGI':.. _'rfc2616':.. _'rfc2109':.. _'wheezy.core':.. _'':.. _'wheezy.caching':.. _'wheezy.validation':.. _'wheezy.web':.. _'wsgi_adapter':


The 13th technology on the manual reads:
After resolving one or more powerups gained from performing a Main action, you may pay 1 cocoa to gain an additional power-up (same Action Board)
While the main action part on the manual reads:
Pay the cost in gold as shown on the selected tile and place one of your Technology markers (wooden discs) on it to mark that you have acquired this Technology. Refer to the Appendix for an explanation of the ongoing benefit of each Technology tile.
After placing the Technology marker, advance once on one temple, depending on which column the selected Technology belongs to: for the left column, for the centre column, for the right column
Afterwards, power up one of your workers on the Alchemy (5) Action Board, unless you used the 3rd option when selecting the tile (you used a single power 4 or 5 worker to place your marker on a second-row Technology).
Therefore, you get the power-up after you have already received the technology, and advanced on a temple. Does this mean that when powering-up your die, can you immediately pay one cocoa to gain an additional power-up?
TLDR: Can you use the technology 13 power on the same die power-up you get from purchasing the technology?
No you can not.
From the FAQ file on BGG here the following Q and A is included.
Q: When do Technology benefits trigger? A: Each Technology triggers at most once during your turn. Most Technologies trigger after performing the Main action on the board (or boards) listed at the bottom of each Technology tile. No Technology will trigger during the turn when it was acquired.
I've tried to find evidence to back this up in the rules printed though and could not.
Your Answer


text:
How to draw a dashed line in autocad?
Get Access to:
Lost your password? Please enter your email address. You will receive a link and will create a new password via email.
Please briefly explain why you feel this question should be reported.
Please briefly explain why you feel this answer should be reported.
Please briefly explain why you feel this user should be reported.
1. In AutoCAD, activate the Line command.
2. Select the style of the dashed line from the drop down menu in the Command Line window or by entering "-L " into the Command Line window.
3. Pick two points on the screen to specify the starting and ending point of the dashed line.
4. Press Enter and the dashed line will be drawn according to the selected style.


text:
What is the Grade 3 department?
It is the academic department responsible for teaching third grade in the school.
How can I contact a Grade 3 department member?
A member of the department can be contacted by:
- Telephone extension with option to leave a voice mail message.
- Sending a message to their school email address.
- Sending postal mail by addressing their name at the school's address.
- Leaving a message with the main office receptionist.


text:
Position weight matrix
A position weight matrix (PWM), also known as a position-specific weight matrix (PSWM) or position-specific scoring matrix (PSSM), is a commonly used representation of motifs (patterns) in biological sequences.
PWMs are often derived from a set of aligned sequences that are thought to be functionally related and have become an important part of many software tools for computational motif discovery.
The position weight matrix was introduced by American geneticist Gary Stormo and colleagues in 1982 as an alternative to consensus sequences. Consensus sequences had previously been used to represent patterns in biological sequences, but had difficulties in the prediction of new occurrences of these patterns. The first use of PWMs was in the discovery of RNA sites that function as translation initiation sites. The perceptron algorithm was suggested by Polish American mathematician Andrzej Ehrenfeucht in order to create a matrix of weights which could distinguish true binding sites from other non-functional sites with similar sequences. Training the perceptron on both sets of sites resulted in a matrix and a threshold to distinguish between the two sets. Using the matrix to scan new sequences not included in the training set showed that this method was both more sensitive and precise than the best consensus sequence.
The advantages of PWMs over consensus sequences have made PWMs a popular method for representing patterns in biological sequences and an essential component in modern algorithms for motif discovery.
From Sequences to PWM
A PWM has one row for each symbol of the alphabet: 4 rows for nucleotides in DNA sequences or 20 rows for amino acids in protein sequences. It also has one column for each position in the pattern. In the first step in constructing a PWM, A basic position frequency matrix (PFM) is created by counting the occurrences of each nucleotide at each position. From the PFM, a position probability matrix (PPM) can be created by dividing the nucleotide count at each position by the number of sequences, and then normalising. Formally, given a set X of N aligned sequences of length l, the elements of the PPM M are calculated:
where i (1,...,N), j (1,...,l), k is the set of symbols in the alphabet and I(a=k) is an indicator function where I(a=k) is 1 if a=k and 0 otherwise.
For example, given the following DNA sequences:
the corresponding PFM is:
and therefore the resulting PPM is:
Both PPMs and PWMs assume statistical independence between positions in the pattern, as the probabilities for each position are calculated independently of other positions. From the definition above, it follows that the sum of values for a particular position (that is, summing over all symbols) is 1. Each column can therefore be regarded as an independent multinomial distribution. This makes it easy to calculate the probability of a sequence given a PPM, by multiplying the relevant probabilities at each position. For example, the probability of the sequence S = GAGGTAAAC given the above PPM M can be calculated:
Pseudocounts (or Laplace estimators) are often applied when calculating PPMs if based on a small dataset, in order to avoid matrix entries having a value of 0. This is equivalent to multiplying each column of the PPM by a Dirichlet distribution and allows the probability to be calculated for new sequences (that is, sequences which were not part of the original dataset). In the example above, without pseudocounts, any sequence which did not have a G in the 4th position or a T in the 5th position would have a probability of 0, regardless of the other positions.
Creating the PWM
Most often the elements in PWMs are calculated as log likelihoods. That is, the elements of the PWM are transformed using a background model so that:
The simplest background model assumes that each letter appears equally frequently in the dataset. That is, the value of for all symbols in the alphabet (0.25 for nucleotides and 0.05 for amino acids). Applying this transformation to the PPM M from above (with no pseudocounts added) gives:
The entries in the matrix make clear the advantage of adding pseudocounts, especially when using small datasets to construct M. The background model need not have equal values for each symbol: for example, when studying organisms with a high GC-content, the values for C and G may be increased with a corresponding decrease for the A and T values.
When the PWM elements are calculated using log likelihoods, the score of a sequence can be calculated by adding (rather than multiplying) the relevant values at each position in the PWM. The sequence score gives an indication of how different the sequence is from a random sequence. The score is 0 if the sequence has the same probability of being a functional site and of being a random site. The score is greater than 0 if it is more likely to be a functional site than a random site, and less than 0 if it is more likely to be a random site than a functional site. The sequence score can also be interpreted in a physical framework as the binding energy for that sequence.
Information content of a PWM
The self-information of observing a particular symbol at a particular position of the motif is:
The expected (average) self-information of a particular element in the PWM is then:
Finally, the IC of the PWM is then the sum of the expected self-information of every element:
Often, it is more useful to calculate the information content with the background letter frequencies of the sequences you are studying rather than assuming equal probabilities of each letter (e.g., the GC-content of DNA of thermophilic bacteria range from 65.3 to 70.8, thus a motif of ATAT would contain much more information than a motif of CCGG). The equation for information content thus becomes
where is the background frequency for that letter. This corresponds to the Kullback–Leibler divergence or relative entropy. However, it has been shown that when using PSSM to search genomic sequences (see below) this uniform correction can lead to overestimation of the importance of the different bases in a motif, due to the uneven distribution of n-mers in real genomes, leading to a significantly larger number of false positives.
There are various algorithms to scan for hits of PWMs in sequences. One example is the MATCH algorithm which has been implemented in the ModuleMaster. More sophisticated algorithms for fast database searching with nucleotide as well as amino acid PWMs/PSSMs are implemented in the possumsearch software and are described by Beckstette, et al. (2006).
- Stormo, Gary D.; Schneider, Thomas D.; Gold, Larry; Ehrenfeucht, Andrzej (1982). "Use of the 'Perceptron' algorithm to distinguish translational initiation sites in E. coli". Nucleic Acids Research 10 (9): 2997–3011. doi:10.1093/nar/10.9.2997.
- Stormo, G. D. (1 January 2000). "DNA binding sites: representation and discovery". Bioinformatics 16 (1): 16–23. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/16.1.16. PMID _PHONE_.
- Sinha, S. (27 July 2006). "On counting position weight matrix matches in a sequence, with application to discriminative motif finding". Bioinformatics 22 (14): e454–e463. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btl227.
- Xia, Xuhua (2012). "Position Weight Matrix, Gibbs Sampler, and the Associated Significance Tests in Motif Characterization and Prediction". Scientifica 2012: 1–15. doi:10.6064/2012/917540.
- Guigo, Roderic. "An Introduction to Position Specific Scoring Matrices". _URL_. Retrieved 12 November 2013.
- Nishida, K.; Frith, M. C.; Nakai, K. (23 December 2008). "Pseudocounts for transcription factor binding sites". Nucleic Acids Research 37 (3): 939–944. doi:10.1093/nar/gkn1019.
- Aleksandrushkina NI, Egorova LA (1978). "Nucleotide makeup of the DNA of thermophilic bacteria of the genus Thermus". Mikrobiologiia 47 (2): 250–2. PMID 661633.
- Erill I, O'Neill MC (2009). "A reexamination of information theory-based methods for DNA-binding site identification". BMC Bioinformatics 10: 57. doi:10.1186/_PHONE_-57. PMC _PHONE_. PMID _PHONE_.
- Kel AE, et al. (2003). "MATCHTM: a tool for searching transcription factor binding sites in DNA sequences". Nucleic Acids Research 31 (13): 3576–3579. doi:10.1093/nar/gkg585. PMC 169193. PMID _PHONE_.
- Wrzodek, Clemens; Schröder, Adrian; Dräger, Andreas; Wanke, Dierk; Berendzen, Kenneth W.; Kronfeld, Marcel; Harter, Klaus; Zell, Andreas (9 October 2009). "ModuleMaster: A new tool to decipher transcriptional regulatory networks". Biosystems (Ireland: Elsevier) 99 (1): 79–81. doi:10.1016/j.bios


text:
Highest concentration of Eocene whales
- Wadi Al-Hitan
- 20015 hectare(s)
Wadi Al-Hitan (Valley of the Whales), is a protected area of some 20,015 ha in the Western Desert of Egypt. Fossil whales were first discovered here in 1905 and, since then, some 379 have been discovered, dating from the Eocene period, 56 to 34 million years ago. These whales cover an evolutionary period of 4 million years, from when the valley was beneath the Tethys Sea. Many of these fossils reveal that, during this period, ancient whales were in the process of losing their hind limbs, and making the final transition from land-based to purely sea-based creatures.


text:
|FHWA > Policy Information > NHCCI > The Mathematics of the National Highway Construction Cost Index|
The Mathematics of the National Highway Construction Cost Index
This document specifies the methodology which serves as the basis for the development of the National Highway Construction Cost Index, (NHCCI).
General Methodology for Calculating the NHCCI
The Fisher Ideal Index formula is applied using a chain-type indexing methodology to produce the NHCCI. The specific implementation and reasons for choosing this specification are given in this section.
Step 1. Definition of price index
The price index, It, of a specific cost item of highway construction (such as cement) gives the price of that item in period t, (pt), relative term to its price in reference period 0, (p0). The mathematical expression of It is:
Where, c represents the cost of the item and q represents the quantity of the item.
Step 2. Aggregating individual cost items into a total construction cost index
For highway construction as a whole, however, the direct price (p) does not exist because the price is the product of cost divided by quantity and the quantities of highway construction cost items are measured in different units which are not directly comparable and not additive. Therefore, we cannot calculate the price index of highway construction as a whole by directly implementing equation (1).
One natural way to derive the price index of highway construction as a whole is to calculate it as the weighted average of price indexes of individual cost items.
Where, superscript n represent the nth cost item and wn represents the weight assigned to the nth cost item.
Step 3. Choice of index formula
As equation (2) shows, the aggregate price index for highway construction as a whole not only depends on the price indexes of the individual cost items of highway construction, but also depends on the weights assigned to the individual price indexes. Therefore, how to weight the individual price indexes is essential in calculating an aggregate price index, such as the NHCCI. The choice of weights also leads to the choice of index formula.
In the economic index literature, there are three well known index formulas. They are the Laspeyres Index, the Paasche Index and the Fisher Ideal Index. In equation form, they are:
(3) (Laspeyres price index)
(4) (Paasche price index)
(5) (Fisher price index)
All three price index formulas use quantities of individual cost items as weights to their respective prices in calculating the aggregate price index. However, the Laspeyres price index formula uses quantities of the base period (0) as weights, while the Paasche price index formula uses quantities of the current period (t) as weights. The Fisher price index is a geometric mean of the Laspeyres price index and the Paasche price index.
Despite its many obvious advantages, the Laspeyres price index has its limitations. One of the limitations is that it usually overstates the impact of price increases and understates the impact of price decreases as the current period moves further away from the base period. This occurs because of the substitution effect when prices change in relative terms. Agents substitute away from goods whose relative prices increase so that the base year weights overstate the relative importance of these goods in the budget. As a result, the use of quantities from an earlier period as weights systematically biases the aggregate price index upward from the real change in aggregate price. In contrast, an aggregate price index derived from the Paasche price index formula is usually biased downward due to the substitution effect.
A second limitation of the Laspeyres index as it is often implemented is that as time goes on the fixed base year become less relevant to the current year or the year(s) of concern. However, if the base year is shifted forward in time, the entire index series will be changed. In other words, history will be rewritten every time the base year is changed.
The Fisher Ideal index, proposed by Irving Fisher in 1922, is one of the superlative indexes that give good approximations to the theoretical or "exact" cost-of-living index and yet are relatively simple to compute and use. Compared to fixed-weighted Laspeyres or Paasche Indexes, Fisher Ideal index takes the weights of both the base period and the current period into account. By doing so, Fisher Ideal index has the ability to accommodate the effects of substitutions, something the Laspeyres and Paasche indexes do not do. A major advantage of Fisher Ideal index over other superlative indexes, such as the Tornquvist index, is its "dual" property, i.e. a Fisher Ideal price index implies a Fisher Ideal quantity index, and vice versa. In other words, the product of a Fisher Ideal price index between two periods and a Fisher Ideal quantity index between the same two periods is equal to the total change in value (measured in current dollars) between those two periods.
All these advantages strongly suggest that the Fisher Ideal index formula is an excellent choice for building the NHCCI.
Step 4. Calculating aggregate price index for two adjacent periods
Since the OSI Bid-Tabs database provides data on bid value and bid quantity and estimated bid price data for each cost item of highway constructions in the United States, we can apply the Fisher Ideal Index formula to the bid quantity and estimated bid price data from Bid-Tabs data at the cost item (or Pay Item) level to calculate the NHCCI.
However, each time when the Fisher Ideal Index formula is applied to the price and quantity data, one and only one index number will be generated for the two time periods the data represent. In other words, the formula will not generate a price index series at once. The time period can be a month, a quarter, or a year and is usually determined by the data availability. An index number can be generated between any two periods in time. The two periods can be adjacent to each other. They also can be far away from each other with many periods between them. However, in order to build an index that accurately track price changes from one period to the next over time, it will be necessary to generate an index number for every pair of adjacent periods of the entire time period for which an index is build.
Step 5. Chain index numbers of adjacent periods into a time series of indexes
From the equations, we can see that the R1 is the index number of period (1) relative to period (0); R2 is the index number of period (2) relative to period (1); and Rt is the index number of period (t) relative to period (t-1); and that each index number presents the aggregate price of the current period in relative term to the aggregate price of the previous period. Mathematicians call this kind of indexing relative indexing. In relative indexing, an index number highlights the change in price from the adjacent previous period.
However, to show price changes over time, it will be more effective to compare the price of each period to the price of the base period. When an index is calculated by comparing the concerned period directly to the base period, it is called "direct indexing". The procedure of direct indexing is a dual process. That is, while the price of the concerned period is indexed in terms relative to the price of the base period, the price of the base period is also indexed to 1 and only 1. Therefore, the value of a direct index is always in terms relative to 1 and equal to the change between the two periods. This property provides the mathematical underpinning for the "chain" index procedure.
When the price of the base period (0) is indexed to 1, the chained index numbers, I1 for period (1), I2 for period (2), …, and It for period (t), can be calculated as:
In words, the chained index number of any period (to the base period) can be calculated as the product of the consecutive multiplication of the changes of the adjacent periods between the base period and that period. For example, with the chain-type procedure and annual rates of changes (Rt), the index of year 1995 to year 1990 (I90,95) can be calculated as:
In summary, the Chained Fisher Ideal Index method for building the NHCCI contains two steps. In the first step, Fisher Ideal Index formula is used to calculate changes in aggregate price between adjacent periods with bid quantity and estimated bid price data at the cost item (or Pay Item) level from Oman Bid-Tabs database as inputs. This step is also an aggregation process. Changes in aggregate price of highway construction as a whole calculated in this way are essentially the averages of quantity weighted changes in the prices of the cost items of highway construction. In the second step, changes in aggregate price between adjacent periods are chained together through consecutive multiplication to form a time series of aggregate price index for highway construction as a whole.
The Chained Fisher Ideal Index method recognizes the need for estimating changes in the aggregate price of highway construction as a whole to use weights that are relevant and appropriate for the specific periods being measured. The Chained Fisher Ideal Index method has three important advantages over Fixed-Weighted Indexes. First, while it makes aggregation of price changes in many and different cost items into one measure through weighting, it captures the effects of changes in the relative importance of different cost items in highway construction over time. Second, it minimizes substitution bias and, at the same time, provides a more accurate track of price changes in highway construction cost items as a whole. Third, it eliminates the inconvenience and confusion associated with Fixed-Weighted Indexes of updating the weights and base periods, and thus rewriting economic history, as base periods move further and further into the past and become more and more irrelevant


IOM (ESM) removed
An IOM has either been removed from the drive shelf or is present but is being reported as removed because it is not seated correctly.
 - Although the drive shelf is still operational, you should correct this failure as soon as possible. If the other IOM or its communication path fails, all I/O to that drive shelf will fail.
 - Both IOMs in the same drive shelf must have the same firmware version and be of the same hardware type.
Risk of data loss
Make sure you correctly identify the affected IOM. Removing the remaining optimal IOM or disconnecting drive shelf cables to it while I/O is in progress can cause data loss.
Possible loss of data accessibility
Before proceeding, ensure that the OK to remove field in the Details area indicates Yes. If No is displayed, it indicates that there is another component that must be serviced first. Always select Recheck prior to and after servicing a component to ensure that there aren't any new problems that may affect the component you plan to service.
Electrostatic discharge can damage sensitive components
Always use proper anti-static protection when handling components. Touching components without using a grounding wrist strap may damage equipment.
Recovery Steps
 1. Is the affected IOM shown in the Location field in the Details area still in the drive shelf or has it been removed?
 - If the IOM is still in the drive shelf, go to step 2.
 - If the IOM has been removed, go to step 5.
 2. Without removing the cables, remove the IOM.
 3. Check the connectors on both the IOM and inside the shelf that housed the IOM for any problems such as bent or dirty pins and fix if necessary.
 4. Reinsert the IOM, and then go to step 6.
 5. Reinsert the IOM or, if necessary, replace it with a new one.
 6. Wait 40 seconds, then select Recheck to ensure the problem has been resolved.