Set, uniq, Object comparison
Ne, 14.7.2019 - 20:57
This is the first article of my small series of Node.js performance benchmark tinkering.
Have you ever wondered what is the fastest way to get Array with unique items?
What to keep in mind
I wanted to compare 3 ways to make Array with unique items/values. I've used Set(), lodash.uniq, and plain js Object. Array was filled by semi random strings Math.floor(Math.random() * 100) + 'asdf'.
I've tested this only on Node.js v12, and everything is just benchmark, so on production data it can look completely different. Only ops per second performance was tested, nothing else, no memory and so on.
How I tested this
I've used benchmark module to run test scenarios. The code snippets benchmarked look like this
// Set
const set = d => () => [ Set(d)]
// lodash.uniq
const lodash = d => () => uniq(d)
// Object
const object = d => () => {
 const n = {}
 for (const a of d) {
 if (!n[a]) {
 n[a] = true
 return Object.keys(n)
First I've tried to try this just with one length of an array, like array with 1000 items. Then I figured out, it might be interesting to run it on different lengths and see how performance changes. So in the end I've run everything in arrays of length 1 to ~200 000 items (see the gist).
And now, what I found
The graph shows performance comparison to Set as a baseline. How to read this? For 1 item uniq is 2x faster than Set, and for ~100 items in array, Set is 5x faster than uniq and more than 2x faster than Object.
Set, uniq, Object comparison
What strikes me as interesting is that drop in uniq and object performance somewhere between ~10 and ~1000 items. Any learnings from this? If you need to uniq array with primitive values, it's safe to use Set() and you don't need to care about the length of the array. When you want to optimize for the size of an array, for small ones [1;~10], use uniq, for middle [~10, ~500] size use Set, and for anything larger use Object.
Some Open questions:
 - How will this behave on different version of Node.js, is the performance comparison the same?
 - What is the impact on memory, what's the heap size of Set compared to Object?
 - Is there a difference if the array is presorted?
You can find full benchmark here on my gist. And raw results values in google spreadsheet (tab set uniq object).


text:
Background: Desirability of outcome ranking (DOOR) is an innovative approach in clinical trials to evaluate the global benefits and risks of an intervention. We developed and validated a DOOR endpoint for Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection (BSI) through a survey to infectious diseases clinicians and secondary analysis of trial data.
Methods: We administered a survey of 20 cases of S. aureus BSI, asking respondents to rank outcomes by global desirability. Correlations and percentage of pairwise agreement among rankings were estimated to inform development of a DOOR endpoint, which was applied to 2 prior S. aureus BSI trials. The probability that a patient randomly assigned to experimental treatment would have a better DOOR ranking than if assigned to control was estimated. Results were also analyzed using partial credit, which is analogous to scoring an academic test, assigning 100% to the most desirable outcome, 0% to the least, and "partial credit" to intermediate ranks.
Results: Forty-two recipients (97%) completed the survey. The DOOR endpoint fitting these rankings (r = 0.89; 95% confidence interval, 0.67 to 0.94) incorporated survival plus cumulative occurrence of adverse events, cure, infectious complications, and ongoing symptoms. Tailored versions of this endpoint were applied to 2 S. aureus BSI trials, and both demonstrated no benefit of the experimental treatment using DOOR and partial credit analysis.
Conclusions: Using S. aureus BSI as an exemplar, we developed a DOOR endpoint that can be used as a template for development of DOOR endpoints for other diseases. Future trials can incorporate DOOR to allow for global assessment of patient experience.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Background: Associations between levels of sedentary behavior and depressive symptoms independently and in combination with different levels of physical activity remain unclear. Purpose: This study aimed to examine independent and combined associations of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) with depressive symptoms among Japanese adults. Method: An Internet-based survey collected data on depression levels (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale), self-reported time spent in PA and SB (Japanese short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire), and sociodemographic variables from 2,914 adults in 2009. Binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the odds ratios (ORs) for being depressed (depression scores ≥16) according to independent PA levels (none, insufficient, sufficient), SB levels (low, moderate, high), and nine combinations of PA and SB categories. Results: After adjusting for potential confounders, sufficient PA level was found to be related to lower risk of depressive symptoms independently (OR = 0.61), whereas no significant associations were observed between SB levels and depression. In the combined associations, adults in the sufficient PA/high SB (OR = 0.44), sufficient PA/moderate SB (OR = 0.56), and sufficient PA/low SB (OR = 0.57) categories were significantly less likely to have depressive symptoms in comparison with the no PA/high SB category. Conclusion: Meeting physical activity recommendations is associated with a lower risk of depressive symptoms, regardless of time spent in total sedentary behavior. These results suggest that promoting physical activity may be an effective strategy against depressive symptoms among Japanese adults.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Applied Psychology


Fight Song
Get Fight Song essential facts below,, or join the Fight Song discussion. Add Fight Song to your PopFlock.com topic list for future reference or share this resource on social media.
Fight Song
In U.S. and Canadian sports, a fight song is a song associated with a team. In both professional and amateur sports, fight songs are a popular way for fans to cheer for their team, and are also laden with history; in singing a fight song, fans feel part of a large, time-honored tradition.[1] Although the term "fight song" is primarily used in the United States, the use of fight songs is commonplace around the world, but they may also be referred to as team anthems, team songs or games songs in other countries, even such as Australia, Mexico and New Zealand. Fight songs differ from stadium anthems, used for similar purposes, in that they are usually written specifically for the purposes of the team, whereas stadium anthems are not.
Hundreds of colleges have fight songs, some of which are over a century old. The oldest collegiate fight song in the United States is Boston College's "For Boston", composed by T.J. Hurley in 1885.[2]
One of the oldest games songs in Australia is Melbourne Grammar's 'Play Together, Dark Blue Twenty', which is sung to the tune of 'The March of the Men of Harlech'.[3][4] It was composed by Ambrose John Wilson who was principal of the school from _PHONE_.[5] This is not to be confused with the school hymn 'Ora et Labora' which is now sung to the tune of 'Jerusalem'.[6]
List of professional sports team fight songs
United States
List of college fight songs
See also
 1. ^ "High School Fight Songs | LoveToKnow". LoveToKnow. Retrieved.
 2. ^ "_USER_ » Feature Archive » Beyond "For Boston"". At.bc.edu. 2008-04-29. Retrieved.
 3. ^ The Melbourne Grammar games song comprises verses from the school's three main sports at the time, Australian rules football, cricket and rowing. For example the Australian rules verse is:
 'Play together, Dark Blue Twenty,
 Long and little marks in plenty;
 Get your kick, let none prevent ye,
 Make the leather roll.
 Mark your men, keen effort straining,
 On the ball and show your training;
 Still though short the time remaining,
 Get another goal.'
 The chorus between each verse is:
 'None our ranks shall sunder.
 Who will shirk or blunder?
 If all are true
 To our Dark Blue,
 Our foemen must go under.
 Honour ye the old School's story,
 Those who played and won before ye,
 Bear the Dark Blue flag to glory,
 Grammar to the fore.'
 The cricket verse:
 Bat with patience unremitting,
 Yorker, shooter, break outwitting,
 All the loose ones freely hitting,
 That's the game to play.
 Skill the bat and ball in wielding,
 Smartness, judgement in the fielding,
 Iron nerve and pluck unyielding,
 Scarce can lose the day.
 The rowing verse:
 Row the race, boys swing together,
 Sinews tough as cords of leather,
 Strong, yet light upon the feather,
 Lift her, make her go!
 Get the catch at the beginning,
 Churn the tide in eddies spinning,
 Now a spurt, you gain! you're winning!
 Melbourne Grammar, row!
 A fourth verse with its own chorus was added in the early 20th century with imperial connotations:
 'Some, in strife of sterner omen,
 Faced the Empire's stubborn foemen;
 Fought, as erst their sires - her yeomen;
 Won the deathless name.
 Praise ye these who stood for Britain,
 These by foreign marksmen smitten;
 Praise them, for their names are written
 High in storied fame.
 None their ranks could sunder;
 Who could shirk or blunder?
 So stood they true
 To the old Dark Blue,
 And all their foes went under.
 Honour ye the old School's story,
 Heroes who - her sons before ye -
 Died or lived, but fought for glory,
 Honoured evermore.'
 While it is not officially discontinued, this addition is no longer sung.
 4. ^ Eagle, Chester (1986). Play together, dark blue twenty. Melbourne: Trojan Press.
 5. ^ Senyard, June (May 2002). "From Gentleman to the Manly: A Large Step for the Amateur" (PDF). Sporting Traditions. 18. Retrieved 2016.
 6. ^ "The song book of the Church of England Grammar School, Melbourne". handle.slv.vic.gov.au. Retrieved.
 7. ^ a b c d e f Smith, Gordon P. (June 6, 2017). "A scientific breakdown of the best AFL team songs". The Roar. Retrieved 2020.
 8. ^ "The Baltimore Fight Song". Archived from the original on 21 March 2013. Retrieved 2013.
 9. ^ "Pantera - Puck Off (Dallas Stars Fight Song)" on YouTube
 10. ^ "Alumni Spirit Zone". Franklin College. Archived from the original on May 27, 2010. Retrieved 2010.
 11. ^ See Marching 97 Website
External links
Music Scenes


text:
PUSH is an abbreviation for:
Find a translation for PUSH in other languages:
Select another language:
What does PUSH mean?
- to press against (a thing) with force in order to move it away.
Use the citation below to add this abbreviation to your bibliography:
PUSH also stands for:
- People Understanding Severe Handicaps
- People Understanding The Severely Handicapped
- People Understanding The Severly Handicap
- People Understanding The Severly Handicapped
- People United To Save Healthcare
... and 13 more »

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Main Article Content
In translating hyperboles, the effect of exaggerating something from the source text when translated literally into the target text can cause a strange meaning and less acceptable because the terms are not in accordance with the rules of the target language. This study aimed to analyze the translation strategies used by the translator in translating type of hyperboles and its translation quality in The Shrunken Head Novel. The descriptive qualitative research approach is used as a research design. The results of the study showed that there are two types of hyperboles found in this novel, namely overstatement of numbers and quantity and impossible description. Then, there are three strategies that used by translator to translated types of hyperbole in this novel, namely the sense of the word may be translated non-figuratively, retaining the word in the original but to add the sense of the word and substituting a figurative expression from SL to TL. The analysis on translation quality showed that 212 data of hyperboles (88%) considered as accurate, 207 data (86%) belongs to acceptable and 164 data (68%) are considered as high readability.


text:
Discrimination in housing markets occurs when equally qualified people are treated differently because of their membership in a particular group. This study focuses on racial and ethnic discrimination in qualitative actions by landlords, such as making an advertised housing unit available for inspection by a customer. The data come from the Housing Discrimination study, which conducted over 1500 rental housing audits in 25 metropolitan areas in 1989. Each audit consists of a visits to a landlord by a white person and either a black or Hispanic person with similar socio-economic characteristics. Using Chamberlain's fixed-effect logic estimation, we develop a nationally representative measure of the incidence of discrimination in landlord behavior and conduct hypothesis tests on the incidence and causes of discrimination. The results indicate widespread discrimination across several types of landlord behavior and support the hypotheses that landlords discriminate both out of personal prejudice and in response to the prejudice of present and future white clients.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Economics and Econometrics


text:
Prices of seafood have constantly been increasing over the years, making it one of the most expensive, if not the most costly, protein sources on the market.
Seafood is expensive due to many factors, including increasing demand, cost of transportation, cost of preservatives, difficulty in preparation, how difficult the resources are to obtain, etc.
It doesn't seem like the prices aren't going down anytime soon especially seeing as the possibility of the fish becoming rare is possible.
The seafood prices range widely, usually depending on the type of animals involved and whether they are raised on a fish farm or gotten from the wild. While seafood quality diminishes quickly, there are some steps to ensure that they are delivered and cooked in the top condition possible.
Check out some of the reasons why seafood is so expensive below.
Top 8 Reasons Seafood is So Expensive
1. Transport Logistics
You can deliver food from land sources by fast and cheap means of transportation such as trucks and rails, but this is not so with seafood. Since the high demand for seafood is because people want it fresh, there is difficulty transporting it from one location to another. Seafood doesn't last very long fresh, so this brings the need to transport it by air or with overnight buses for quick delivery.
Another factor that pushes the transport price up is preserving the product from source to destination. Many of these preservation methods aren't cheap, and all of these play a factor in the final price you purchase from restaurants.
The flavor of seafood changes within 24 hours, and stale products are usually not acceptable cause they are needed as fresh as possible from the ocean. Manual labor required for all these activities is another factor that increases the cost because it involves a lot of workforce, and you need to pay the laborers need to be paid.
2. Supply and Demand
Seafood has a very high demand, especially as a good source of proteins. The laws of demand and supply affect the prices of goods a lot. In the case of seafood, we have high demand and low supply, which makes the prices rise. Increased costs will balance the supply with demand and meet what is needed.
Since we can't increase seafood supply as quickly, we can do the same for meat; this problem will continue for a while. Also, due to water pollution and overfishing, we face a case where the resources (animals) are reducing and slowly becoming extinct. Meanwhile, the population of people keeps increasing exponentially, and as a result, the prices will keep growing.
3. High Mortality Rate (Difficult to maintain)
The two options for seafood are farm-raised and wild-caught. Even though catching seafood out in the wild is difficult, it doesn't mean farm-raised seafood isn't without its challenges. Fish farming needs a lot of resources and proper management for success.
Fish farming requires more skill than plant farming or livestock rearing, even under desirable weather and climate conditions. Aquaculturists need to place the fishes in specific places so that they do not die and have the right conditions for survival.
Also, this task requires a high level of skill, so the few fish farms available usually charge more for their products due to the quality service that isn't easily gotten elsewhere.
4. Difficult to Obtain
As we highlighted in the previous point, catching seafood in the wild is challenging and requires a high skill level. You will need big fishing setups (rigs) and costly equipment.
The laborers or fishers typically go out into the sea and cast the huge nets from their boats. After that, they have to wait till the trap has caught a considerable amount, usually at least half the net, before they can withdraw it and get the fish/animals.
Since the sea where they are going to fish has no medical facilities or any facility, they usually treat fishing as a massive exhibition that they plan correctly for a long time, so there are no hitches in execution. To prepare for any unforeseen circumstances, they also take medical supplies in case of any incident out at sea.
5. Health Food Sources
People have been becoming more and more aware of the consequences of eating meat in recent times, such as high cholesterol. This has caused people to look for other sources of nourishment, and seafood is the easy answer to that.
Seafood has high amounts of protein, Vitamin D, Phosphate, Calcium, Zinc, Vitamin B2, and Omega-3 fatty acids, amongst other healthy minerals. Seafood is the healthier choice for meals, and as people are increasingly more concerned for their health, the demand rises.
6. The Rarity of the Seafood
As we've previously explained, seafood is generally difficult to obtain, but some more than others. There is very rare seafood, and you can only find these in specific places. Some examples are caviar, oysters, lobsters, etc. These are examples of seafood that are usually more expensive than others because they aren't readily available.
It isn't uncommon for some people to wait for specific seasons for some seafood as that is the only time they are available in their locality. If you encounter these varieties of seafood off-season, the restaurants will charge a premium for it.
7. Cooking Difficulty
There are many different types of seafood categories, and there are some that require a lot of effort and resources to cook correctly. Some of the preparation techniques usually require expensive cooking lessons. It takes the highest level of skills and chefs to prepare seafood, so quality raises the price.
An example of a seafood dish that requires special skills is Japanese pufferfish. These are poisonous fishes, and chefs must have cooked for themselves or others multiple times before serving them at a restaurant. Another example of this is octopuses that need a lot of heat within a short time to cook properly without getting burnt.
8. No Subsidies for Fishermen
Fishers do not receive the same benefits farmers receive from the government. Farmers have access to loans to start their business, tax cuts in some places, or even sponsorship to begin farming. On the other hand, Fishermen don't have such luxury, and it doesn't seem like that will be changing anytime soon.
Government regulations also determine which fishes they can farm, the number of fishes that anglers can catch, and the processes used to get the fish. They need licenses for people to take part in fishing, and these licenses are usually expensive, costing a lot of money straight from their pockets.
Flouting any rules or refusing to get approvals can lead to sanctions. All these sanctions and limitations, including the risks involved, raise the cost of production, which increases the prices of seafood.
Why is Seafood So Expensive: FAQs
What seafood is the most expensive?
Blue-fin Tuna is the most expensive type of seafood right now. Blue-fin tuna is the crucial ingredient for making tuna; this makes it one of the seafood in highest demand. There is also a risk of this seafood going extinct because it is a rare commodity. This fish has a very exquisite and luxurious taste that you can't find anywhere else.
Why is shrimp so expensive?
Shrimp is expensive because of its very high demand. It is an excellent source of protein, but the supply is low primarily due to horrible farming activities and the type of shrimp. Some reasons why they are expensive are:
- The cost importation
- High demand
- High mortality rate
- Shrimps are good for Human health
- Prices vary according to the type and sizes
- Time-consuming to harvest
Why did crab get so expensive?
Crabs, like most other seafood, are expensive and also seen as food for the Elite "fine dining." Just shrimp, crabs rank high on the most demanded seafood. Some other reasons they are expensive are:
- Rules and regulations concerning catching them
- High cost of importation and exportation
- High demand
- Lower supply than demand
- Different variations of crabs make them have separate prices
Why are lobsters so expensive?
Lobsters are very expensive due to only being gotten from water or riverine areas. Their natural habitat is ocean water, making it difficult to rear them because creating a similar condition to a place for them to live and grow would be very expensive and impossible for most.
The average cost of lobster in 2021 was $10/pound, but in 2022, it is $20 – $150+/ pound, depending on the part and size. Lobsters also have a lot of uses, and as a result, they are high in demand. The increased demand coupled with the low supply contributes to the increasing price. In summary, Lobsters are expensive because:
- Cost of Transportation
- High demand
- Low supply
- Lobster being a meal for the elites
Is seafood more expensive than meat?
Seafood is usually more expensive than most types of meat because, unlike meat such as cow, turkey, goat, etc. is relatively easier to rear and transport.
How to Save Money on Seafood?
- Choose white, flaky fishes in the store; they are usually cheaper than other options.
- Buying frozen foods instead of fresh helps cut down cost
- Bulk buying also helps cut down costs.
- Can watch out for sales from stores to get them when they are cheaper
- Filling your stomach at all-you-can-eat seafood restaurants can save your money too.
There is a noticeable increase in the number of factory farms, and wild-caught seafood has been reducing. This helps close the gap between the supply and demand of seafood, increasing prices. Hopefully, this trend continues and effectively reduces the costs of seafood.


text:
Science Fair Project Encyclopedia
Starkad, Starkotter, Starkodder, Starkadhr (ice.), Störkudhr (ice.) or Starcatherus (Gesta Danorum) was a Scandinavian legendary hero and skald whose adventures are retold in Gesta Danorum and in Icelandic sagas.
He managed to survive a shipwreck after which he was received by the Danish king Fródi. Fródi gave him a longship and the task of patrolling the shores. No mortal man was his equal as he was endowed with superhuman strength and a noble disposition.
He was not only remarkable by his size and courage but also by his skaldic skills. Odin bestowed upon him the life of three men so that he would be able to commit as many atrocities.
He served many kings, such as Erik and Alrik.
The contents of this article is licensed from _URL_ under the GNU Free Documentation License. Click here to see the transparent copy and copyright details


text:
MAXINE HUNTE AND LEIGH-ANN WALDROPT BONAIR, UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST INDIES, TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
Abstract: Crime represents a substantial development challenge in the Caribbean region. In Trinidad and Tobago, crime is a high priority issue that consumes public and government attention. Consequently, the government is confronted with increasing pressure to implement effective policy to respond to the escalating crime. This paper attempts to explore the changing nature and trends in crime in Trinidad and Tobago. It particularly focuses on the upsurge in violent (serious) crimes, with special emphasis on homicides and its 'juvenisation'. The paper also discusses the implications of these demographic changes and proposes appropriate crime reduction strategies.
Keywords: Crime, homicide, youth, crime reduction strategies, Trinidad and Tobago


News from Europe
Statue of the Virgin Mary to be moved behind a school in France
A statue of the Virgin Mary, that is in the yard of a primary school in the department of Isere, France, will now be placed behind the building so that the children will no longer see it. According to the leaders, this move is necessary to respect the laicity law of 1905.
The statue was erected in the middle of the twentieth century, before the building of the school. The then owner of the property commissioned the statue after he was convinced that he saw the virgin appear at the river of the town.
After his death, a public school was built on the property, but the statue stayed in its place. Later, in the 1990s, the school leaders decided to move the statue to a less frequented spot, next to the building. They used the laicity law of 1905 to justify their actions. According to them, the statue's presence would be justified in a private school, whereas it violates religion's liberty in a public school.
And now, thirty years later, the statue is to be transferred again, to a still less frequented place, behind the school building, so that the children cannot see it, thus respecting their liberty of conscience.
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Classic Car Appraisal Services in Highlands, Texas
Serving Highlands
Highlands United States
 - Thu forecast
 82 °F
Facts about Highlands
The community was named Highlands because the east bank of the San Jacinto River, where Highlands is located, has a higher elevation than the west bank of the river. By 1908 Highlands became a station on the Beaumont, Sour Lake and Western Railway. A post office opened in 1929. Highlands incorporated in 1930, but its charter was voided, leaving Highlands as unincorporated again. In the 1930s Highlands had 20 businesses and its population decreased from 350 to 200. The 1936 Harris County highway map indicated two churches, a factory, a school, and a sawmill in Highlands. Highlands housed military members and war plant personnel during World War II. By 1948 Highlands had 3,000 residents and 75 businesses. In the 1950s local business decreased and the population decreased to 2,723. A 1956 attempt for Highlands to incorporate did not pass. In the 1960s Highlands had a canning sales company and an industrial chemical company. In the early 1960s Highlands had 4,336 residents and 82 businesses. In 1965 W. O. Hutson built the Double Trouble Youth Rodeo Arena. In the early 1970s Highlands had 3,462 residents and 66 businesses. By 1977 Highlands had 5,000 residents; in 1989 Highlands reported the same population. In 1990 Highlands had an estimated population of 6,632.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 6.5 square miles (16.9 km2), of which 4.9 square miles (12.6 km2) is land and 1.7 square miles (4.3 km2), or 25.18%, is water. Highlands is located on the banks of the San Jacinto River and the Houston Ship Channel. The majority of the land in Highlands is on a high river bank. The historic Lynchburg Ferry is nearby.
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Is Facetime Secure, Safe and Private for Audio/Video Calling?
How Safe is Facetime App?
Facetime is safe and secure to use because the app end to end encryption so that nobody from outside can join or listen in on your call audio/video conversation. Which means hacker can't hack your facetime call.
Is Facetime Private and Secure?
i. Is Facetime is Private?
yes, Facetime is private because your calls are always protected by apply facetime end to end encryption. Only you and the person you call can connect the call and there is no way hackers to access your call.
ii. Is Facetime Secure?
Facetime is secure to use because all calls are protected using end to end encryption. so answers for "IS Facetime Secure?" is Yes.
Can Facetime be Recorded?
No, Facetime calls are completely encrypted or protected by end to end encryption, can't record the facetime calls.
Can Facetime be Hacked?
Facetime using end to end encryption, so the data is encrypted on the sending device and decrypted by receiving device. So hacking the data is very difficult.
To keep your facetime safe and secure, please check the facetime and OS updates and install the current release on your devices. It will help to fix the bug (if has) and keep your facetime private and secure.
Is Facetime Encrypted?
Yes, Facetime protected with encrypted and routed over Apple server. It's encryption to protect your conversation across all your devices. You can choose the automatically delete your messages option after 30 days, a year, or keep on your device indefinitely.
Is FaceTime HIPAA compliant?
Yes, due to the fact it is encrypted, FaceTime can be compatible with HIPAA, and messages can not be intercepted. Nevertheless, FaceTime's human aspect affects its compliance level, as those involved in the call that breach enforcement, and there is software that can record FaceTime calls.
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text:
Definition of Rebidden
1. rebid [v] - See also: rebid
Click the following link to bring up a new window with an automated collection of images related to the term: Rebidden Images
Lexicographical Neighbors of Rebidden
Literary usage of Rebidden
Below you will find example usage of this term as found in modern and/or classical literature:
1. Northern Antiquities: Or, An Historical Account of the Manners, Customs by Paul Henri Mallet, Walter Scott (1847)
"Fraternities ceived in the north, but by degrees the object was changed. of this sort still subsisted after the Christian religion was rebidden at them,..."


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In this paper, we propose a probabilistic model for minimizing the anticipated regret in combinatorial optimization problems with distributional uncertainty in the objective coefficients. The interval uncertainty representation of data is supplemented with information on the marginal distributions. As a decision criterion, we minimize the worst-case conditional value-at-risk of regret. The proposed model includes the standard interval data minmax regret as a special case. For the class of combinatorial optimization problems with a compact convex hull representation, a polynomial sized mixed integer linear program (MILP) is formulated when (a) the range and mean are known, and (b) the range, mean and mean absolute deviation are known while a mixed integer second order cone program (MISOCP) is formulated when (c) the range, mean and standard deviation are known. For the subset selection problem of choosing $K$ elements of maximum total weight out of a set of $N$ elements, the probabilistic regret model is shown to be solvable in polynomial time in the instances (a) and (b) above. This extends the current known polynomial complexity result for minmax regret subset selection with range information only.
View A Probabilistic Model for Minmax Regret in Combinatorial Optimization


text:
Definition of jar :
1. A deep, broadmouthed vessel of earthenware or glass, for holding fruit, preserves, etc., or for ornamental purposes; as, a jar of honey; a rose jar.
2. A rattling, tremulous vibration or shock; a shake; a harsh sound; a discord; as, the jar of a train; the jar of harsh sounds.
3. A regular vibration, as of a pendulum.
4. A turn. [ Only in phrase.]
5. Clash of interest or opinions; collision; discord; debate; slight disagreement.
6. In deep well boring, a device resembling two long chain links, for connecting a percussion drill to the rod or rope which works it, so that the drill is driven down by impact and is jerked loose when jammed.
7. The measure of what is contained in a jar; as, a jar of oil; a jar of preserves.
8. To act in opposition or disagreement; to clash; to interfere; to quarrel; to dispute.
9. To cause a short, tremulous motion of, to cause to tremble, as by a sudden shock or blow; to shake; to shock; as, to jar the earth; to jar one's faith.
10. To give forth a rudely quivering or tremulous sound; to sound harshly or discordantly; as, the notes jarred on my ears.
11. To tick; to beat; to mark or tell off.
reorganize, quart, excite, clash, swing, fluff up, electrical shock, joggle, impact, collide, flutter, plump up, vibrate, thrill, jerking, reel, jounce, saccade, conflict, bump, blow, electric shock, agree, shock absorber, pitcher, sway, ewer, wave, stupor, waver, disaccord, rock, fluctuate, cushion, vase, bump around, flap, beaker, chalice, tremble, raise up, seismic disturbance, basin, stir up, jarful, reorganise, discord, contradict, thud, oscillate, succuss, daze, vessel, totter, crock, stimulate, brandish, shake up, contents, vex, jerk, mug, commove, urn
agitate (part of speech: verb)
container (part of speech: noun)
suitcase, container, bladder, purse, locker, pocket, drum, bottle, bucket, tray, holder, shelf, crate, bowl, stomach, vault, box, trunk, wallet, repository, cup, receptacle, bin, tank, can, cabinet, chest, storage, flask, belly, jug, reservoir, sack, pouch, pot, cupboard, drawer, decanter, bag, closet, barrel, case, ladle, vat, basket, cask
displease (part of speech: verb)
bottle (part of speech: noun)
- This was what made the jar and crash. - "The Young Forester", Zane Grey.
- As soon as it is nicely picked, put it into a jar, and cover it down very close. - "A Poetical Cook-Book", Maria J. Moss.
- He peered through this at the lamp and put the jar back. - "O. Henry Memorial Award Prize Stories of 1921", Various.


Lighting Regulations
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Lighting regulations for pedal cycles
Lighting regulations for pedal cycles
The current version of the RVLR was published in 1989, then amended in 1994, 1996, 2001, 2005, again in 2005 and most recently in 2009. So it can be a bit of a puzzle to work out exactly what applies here and now!
It has to be said that the fine details of RVLR are seldom enforced, and provided you show some kind of white light in front and red behind, you are unlikely to be challenged. If you are involved in a night-time accident however, any slight illegality with respect to your lights or reflectors may be regarded as contributory negligence.
The main points of RVLR are as follows:
 - Lights (and reflectors) are required on a pedal cycle only between sunset and sunrise.
 - Lights (and reflectors) are not required when the cycle is stationary or being pushed along the roadside.
 - When they are required, the lights and reflectors listed below must be clean and working properly.
The following items are the minimum required, on a bicycle or tricycle, in order to ride it legally at night:
Front Lamp
One is required, showing a white light, positioned centrally or offside, up to 1500mm from the ground, aligned towards and visible from the front. If capable of emitting a steady light, it must be marked as conforming to BS6102/3 or an equivalent EC standard.
If capable of emitting only a flashing light, it must emit at least 4 candela.
Rear Lamp
One is required, to show a red light, positioned centrally or offside, between 350mm and 1500mm from the ground, at or near the rear, aligned towards and visible from behind. If capable of emitting a steady light it must be marked as conforming to BS3648, or BS6102/3, or an equivalent EC standard.
Rear Reflector
One is required, coloured red, marked BS6102/2 (or equivalent), positioned centrally or offside, between 250mm and 900mm from the ground, at or near the rear, aligned towards and visible from behind.
Pedal Reflectors
Four are required, coloured amber and marked BS6102/2 (or equivalent), positioned so that one is plainly visible to the front and another to the rear of each pedal.
Exceptions and explanations
Age brings privileges. To name but two: cycles manufactured before October 1990 can have any kind of white front lamp that is visible from a reasonable distance, and pre-October 1985 cycles don't need pedal reflectors.
Cycle trailers need a rear lamp as above and a triangular rear reflector with an ECE mark III or IIIA. (Trailer manufacturers appear blissfully unaware of this however, and generally fit cycle-type reflectors whilst making no provision for a rear lamp.)
In the absence of any more specific requirement, a cycle-type rear reflector can be presumed okay on a sidecar, which also needs its own front and rear lamps.
Seriously reduced visibility
Unlike other vehicles, pedal cycles are not required to light up when conditions of seriously reduced visibility occur in daytime. That's because this clause applies only to lights that are required to be fitted, and lights are not required to be fitted to a pedal cycle between sunrise and sunset. So even if the cycle has lights fitted and is ridden into a bank of fog for example, they do not have to be switched on. It would nevertheless be wise to do so!
'Lighting-up time' and the 'Hours of Darkness'
These commonplace phrases have meant many different things in the past and continue to cause confusion. Remember: for a cyclist the only thing that matters is the sun, the moment it dips below the horizon, our lights must go on, even though there may be plenty of light to see by for another half hour or so on a clear evening.
Sunset to sunrise: that's lighting-up time, when drivers must also switch on their sidelights at least. They can leave off the headlights for another 30 minutes, until - you guessed it - the 'Hours of Darkness', which nowadays endure from half an hour after sunset until half an hour before sunrise.
Prior to 1989, cyclists could also wait until then before switching on their lights, and if you go back further, the 'hours of darkness' were 60 minutes shorter, starting a whole hour after sunset and ending an hour before sunrise. Go back further still, to before the roads were nationalised, and some counties didn't require lights at all during full moon! It wasn't any lighter back then, but when things moved more slowly I guess we didn't need to see them coming so far off.
Beware that some publishers of 'lighting-up times' are a bit careless and give the 'hours of darkness' instead. Don't trust any such data unless it clearly states the times of sunset and sunrise.
The Euro-friendly clause
Thanks to a European Directive of a few years ago, wherever a British Standard (BS) is referred to, equivalent standards from other EC countries must now also be recognised - but only if they provide an equivalent level of safety. It's not exactly clear which do. However Germany has arguably the strictest cycle lighting laws in Europe so we consider it safe to use equipment that is marked accordingly, with a "K~number".
It should also be noted that wherever a British Standard is referred to, that reference applies to a specific edition. In the case of BS6102/3, that is the 1986 edition, as amended on 15th April 1995 and again on 1st September 2003. These amendments (in conjunction with the 1994 amendment of RVLR) removed the filament bulb design restrictions, so that lamps may now get their light from LEDs, HIDs – or whatever comes next!
Dynamo powered lights are legal even though they go out when you stop. That's allowed so long as you stop on the left. Usually it's much safer to stay where you are (e.g. in a stationary queue with left-turning traffic filtering up your inside), since most cars do stop for red traffic lights and those that don't are unlikely to pay more heed to a bike lamp!
Nevertheless, dynamos and lamps are now available with reliable back-up (standlight) features that either keep them on or light up a diode instead of the bulb.
Additional lamps and reflectors
Some cyclists like to fit extra lamps and reflectors, in addition to the approved ones specified above. This is perfectly legal provided they are the correct colour and in an appropriate position.
These optional lamps and reflectors do not have to comply with any standards, but it's illegal to use some designs of lamp or reflector that have specific other uses. You must not, for instance, show a red light at the front, or a white light to the rear, or fit triangular-shaped rear reflectors on anything other than trailer.
The suggestion that any lamp on a bicycle might cause undue dazzle or discomfort to other users of the road would have been laughable a few years ago, but not any more. It is not only illegal but doesn't actually improve your safety, should the person driving a heavy motor vehicle towards you be temporarily blinded by your headlamp! So please don't let it do that.
The Pedal Cycles (Safety) Regulations (PCSR) ensure that every new bicycle is sold with several extra reflectors, not required by RVLR, but (strangely) does nothing at all to facilitate the fitment of front and rear lamps.
These additional reflectors are found on the sides of the wheels, clear white or coloured yellow, and there's also a "white" reflector on the front of the bike. You are at liberty to remove the front and side reflectors, but beware that there are some situations (albeit most unusual) where a front reflector might improve your safety, and be sure to fit the necessary front and rear lamps.
Thanks to the 2005 RVLR amendment on 23 October of that year it finally became legal to have a flashing light on a pedal cycle, provided it flashes between 60 and 240 times per minute (1 – 4Hz).
Even better: it became possible for a flashing light to be approved, meaning no other light would be needed in that position. And since BS6102/3 does not cater for flashing, approval is granted simply on the basis of brightness (as specified above).
Because DfT very much prefer things to be evaluated against a proper technical standard wherever possible: any flashing lamp that is also capable of emitting a steady light is approved only if it conforms with BS6102/3 when switched to steady mode. Since most flashing lights do also have a steady mode, they're legal but not approved, so you'll probably need another lamp that is.
Unfortunately Britain is not the force it once was in the world cycle market, with the result that very few manufacturers can nowadays be bothered to test and mark their products to our standards. So it can be really hard nowadays, to find any approved lamp for sale these days, flashing or not!
Fortunately our Police seem hardly more concerned by legal niceties than lamp manufacturers. Since it became theoretically legal to ride a bike with just flashing lights on it, they're nowadays no more likely to quibble its legal status than one equipped with steady lights – unless they're rather dim (the lights that is) or involved in an accident. Then it's


Question: Does Bleach Dissolve Toilet Paper?
What will dissolve feces?
Wait until it dissolves the poop, and then flush the toilet a few times..
What enzyme breaks down poop?
RID-X is made of four natural enzymes that each break down a certain element of solid waste. Cellulase breaks down toilet paper and some food matter, lipase breaks down fats, protease breaks down proteins and amylase breaks down starches.
How long does it take for paper towel to dissolve in water?
In fact, they can take up to eight days to dissolve, which makes their flushability claim useless, because we can't wait eight days to remove wastewater from Castro Valley!
What chemical will dissolve toilet paper?
Try placing two tablespoons of lye in toilet tissue, tightly wrapping the tissue so that it does not release the lye until flushed down, then drop in the toilet and flush immediately, using a full bucket of water to force it down if necessary.
What dissolves paper fast?
With a little heat and some acidic liquid, you can dissolve paper quickly and efficiently. Pour five cups of lemon juice into a cooking pot. Heat the lemon juice to a boil. While the lemon juice is heating, cut the paper by hand or with scissors into half-inch pieces.
Does vinegar dissolve poop?
Pour vinegar into the toilet – Use equal parts of vinegar and baking soda. This means that for one cup of baking soda, use one cup of vinegar. Once you pour the vinegar into the toilet, it will combine with the baking soda and begin fizzing immediately. The fizzing will build up quickly but also subside quickly.
Does hot water dissolve toilet paper?
Step 2: Return and See Your Handy Work. (Hot water helps break up toilet paper quicker and the soap lubricates the passage of solid material).
How long does it take for toilet paper to decompose?
one to three yearsIn this article, Backpacker reports it can take toilet paper anywhere from one to three years to decompose. Not quite as quick as you might think. Besides, regardless of whether toilet paper decomposes quickly or not, leaving it around is just plain gross.
Does acetone dissolve paper?
Acetone. Acetone is a powerful organic solvent that can be used to easily and quickly remove ink from paper. … It will remove most ink without causing any damage to the paper. Acetone is the major ingredient in nail polish remover.
Does bleach dissolve paper towel?
Does bleach dissolve paper towels? There are wipes but Inthink biggest clog was prom kitchen paper towels. … Bleach isn't a solvent and won't do much more than the water will. Bleach won't do it.
What toilet paper does not clog toilets?
Charmin Ultra Soft looked like a standard premium toilet paper. Its packaging claimed that it's a "no plunger" toilet paper. Meaning it won't clog your pipes.
Why is poop coming back into toilet?
How to fix a poop coming back up toilet problem – Quora. This means a blockage or flooding somewhere. If you have an inspection cover near where your sewage pipe joins the main pipe, check to see if it is also backed up; if yes, try clearing the blockage with drain rods (or pay someone else to do it).
What liquid can dissolve paper?
The secret lies in the fact that the paper is made of Sodium Carboxyl Methyl Cellulose (no, really, we didn't make that up.) It dissolves in cold water, hot water, steam, and most aqueous solutions.


text:
Lumpkin Family History
Lumpkin Surname History
This Lumpkin origins and history page contains the contributed history of the Lumpkin last name made up of user-uploaded content from other AncientFaces users. The last name Lumpkin is an old family line that has migrated all across the world over the centuries, and as the Lumpkin family has migrated, it has evolved making its origin tricky to unearth. Lumpkin family history has a complex evolution whose details have been accumulated over the years by Lumpkin family researchers.
No content has been submitted here about Lumpkin. The following is speculative information about Lumpkin. You can submit your information by clicking Edit.
The evolution of Lumpkin begins with it's early ancestors. Even in the earliest days of a name there are changes in that name simply because family names were infrequently written down at that stage in history.
It was commonplace for a surname to change as it enters a new country or language. Lumpkin ancestors have emigrated around the world all throughout history. As Lumpkin families emigrated between countries and languages, the Lumpkin name may have changed with them.
Lumpkin country of origin
No content has been submitted about the Lumpkin country of origin. The following is speculative information about Lumpkin. You can submit your information by clicking Edit.
The nationality of Lumpkin is often complicated to determine because regional boundaries change over time, leaving the nation of origin indeterminate. The original ethnicity of Lumpkin may be difficult to determine depending on whether the surname came about organically and independently in different locales; e.g. in the case of family names that come from a craft, which can appear in multiple countries independently (such as the surname "Brewster" which refers to a female brewer).
Meaning of the last name Lumpkin
No content has been submitted about the meaning of Lumpkin. The following is speculative information about Lumpkin. You can submit your information by clicking Edit.
The meaning of Lumpkin come may come from a craft, such as the name "Gardener" which was given to people of that profession. Many of these profession-based surnames might be a profession in some other language. This is why it is important to know the country of origin of a name, and the languages spoken by its progenitors. Many names like Lumpkin originate from religious texts such as the Bhagavadgītā, the Bible, the Quran, and so on. Commonly these names relate to a religious expression such as "Worthy of praise".
- Emily Bookout Lumpkin 1839 -?
- Sarah Lumpkin 1796 - 1872
- Evelyine Lumpkin 1814 -?
- Sarah Ann Lumpkin 1815 -?
- James L. Lumpkin 1791 - 1870
- Hope J Lumpkin 2003 -?
- Robert Lumpkin 1830 -?
- Elizabeth Lumpkin
- Chicora Lumpkin
- Rebecca D Elliott/ Lumpkin 1980 -?
- Thomasine Tamzen Lumpkin Mayo 1626 - 1709
- Bryan W Lumpkin 1979 -?
- William Lumpkin 1574 - 1670
- Richard Lumpkin
- Grace D Lumpkin 2004 -?
- Theodore G. Lumpkin, Jr
- William Lumpkin 1830 -?
- Anne Lumpkin 1631 - 1676
- William Lumpkin 1800 - 1869
Lumpkin Family Tree
Famous people named Lumpkin
No famous people named Lumpkin have been submitted. You can submit your information by clicking Edit.
Nationality and Ethnicity of Lumpkin
No content has been submitted about the ethnicity of Lumpkin. The following is speculative information about Lumpkin. You can submit your information by clicking Edit.
We do not have a record of the primary ethnicity of the name Lumpkin. Many surnames travel around the world throughout the ages, making their original nationality and ethnicity difficult to trace.
More about the name Lumpkin
Fun facts about the Lumpkin family
We have no fun facts about Lumpkin. You can submit your information by clicking Edit.
Lumpkin spelling variations
No content has been submitted about alternate spellings of Lumpkin. The following is speculative information about Lumpkin. You can submit your information by clicking Edit.
In times when literacy was uncommon, names such as Lumpkin were transcribed based on how they were heard by a scribe when people's names were written in public records. This could have led to misspellings of Lumpkin. Surnames like Lumpkin vary in spelling and pronunciation as they travel across tribes, family unions, and languages over the years. Researching misspellings and spelling variations of the Lumpkin last name are important to understanding the possible origins of the name.


text:
A dental clinical examination form is a detailed medical report prepared by a dentist or clinic for an individual. This type of form focuses on all aspects of oral health right from health condition of teeth to jaw movements, muscles, and gums. A clinical examination form also contains results of different types of tests along with the proper diagnosis of the tests. This enables a dentist to arrive at a conclusion regarding the overall dental health of their patient and thus be able to provide the right treatment or prescribe the right medication.
You can Download the Dental Clinical Examination Form, customize it according to your needs and Print. Dental Clinical Examination Form Template is either in MS Word and in Editable PDF.
Sample Dental Clinical Examination Form
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Definition of: 486
The fourth generation of the Intel x86 family of CPU chips. The term may refer to the chip or to a PC that used it. Introduced in 1989, it was the successor to the 386 and the first chip in the line to include a built-in math coprocessor. Providing acceptable performance for DOS, it was bare minimum for Windows. Later versions of the chip doubled and tripled internal speeds (see DX2 and DX4). See OverDrive CPU, PC and x86.
Technical Specs
Type: 32-bit multitasking microprocessor
Transistors: 1,100,000 to 1,200,000 (1.0 micron)
Package: 168 or 169-pin PGA
Registers: 32 32-bit


Category:Lonar crater lake
Lonar Lake, which was created by a meteor hitting the Earth, is a saltwater lake in Buldhana district, Maharashtra, India. The crater thereby formed is the only en:hypervelocity meteoritic impact crater on basalt rock. A lake that evolved in the resulting basaltic rock formation, is both saline and alkaline in nature. Geologists, ecologists, archaeologists, naturalists and astronomers have reported several studies on the various aspects of this crater lake ecosystem. The crater's age is estimated to be 52,000 ± 6,000 years (Pleistocene). It is the second largest impact crater in basaltic rock and is partially filled by a salt water lake. 19°58′36″N 76°30′30″E / 19.97667°N 76.50833°E / 19.97667; 76.50833
This category has only the following subcategory.
Read in another language


text:
Like it or lump it
Said of an unpleasant outcome that one has no choice but to accept - one can either endure it willingly or endure it with suffering.
When we are given a fait accompli in a situation in which we would normally expect some sort of choice, we might not be too pleased about it. We may then be told to 'like it or lump it'. Had the expression been coined in the 16th century this is no doubt what Thomas Hobson would have said to his prospective customers when he offered them 'Hobson's choice'.
But how exactly do we 'lump' something? Although 'lump' is almost always used as a noun rather than a verb, there are many meanings of the verb form of 'lump' to choose from:
- To bet all of one's money on a single wager (first recorded in the 19th century)
- To make something into a lump (18th century)
- To classify various things as a group, i.e. lump them together (17th century)
- To slouch along lazily (17th century)
- To look sulky or disagreeable (16th century)
Of course, it is the last of these lumps that is the alternative to 'like it'.
'Lumping' in the sense of mooching about grumpily may well be of Irish origin and is first recorded in Richard Stanyhurst's Treatise Describing Irelande, 1577. The Dublin born Stanyhurst risked the wrath of his contemporaries by suggesting that the English rule in Ireland wasn't the source of all their troubles:
Here percase some snappish carper will snuffinglie snib me for debasing the Irish language: because that by proofe and experience we see, that the pale was neuer in more florishing estate than when it was wholie English, and neuer in woorsse plight than since it hath infranchised the Irish. But some will saie, that I shew my selfe herein as friuolous... They stand lumping and lowring, fretting and fuming.
[Note: Stanyhurst's expressive phrase'snuffingly snib' means'rebuke in a snorting manner'.]
[Note: see also 'Beyond the pale'.]
Soon afterwards, in 1581, Barnaby Rich used the term in Farewell to Military Profession:
She beganne to froune, lumpe, and lowre at her housebande.
Rich was a naval captain and undoubtedly English, but most of his writing related to Ireland and he moved to Dublin to write on his retirement from the Navy.
People had been lumping it for a few hundred years before anyone thought of the phrase 'like it or lump it'. A play on words between the noun and verb usages of the word lump was what brought it about. The early uses of the expression refer to things that have lumps in them, as in this example from the London magazine The Monthly Mirror, 1807, in a piece titled Rules For Punning:
Mrs....purposely sends a dish of tea to a lady, without sugar, of which she complains.
Mr....(Handing the sugar basin) - Well, ma'am, if you don't like it, you may lump it.
The English love of wordplay is long lasting, some might say chronic, and Zadie Smith made the same little joke in her novel White Teeth, 2000:
We're all English now, mate. Like it or lump it, as the rhubarb said to the custard.
The first example that I can find of the precise 'like it or lump it' wording of the expression is in Specimens, 1841, Josiah Shippey's book of morally uplifting essays, which were delivered in the form of tortured rhyming couplets, worthy of William McGonagall:
Yet his merit, though some may be ignorant of it,
And as he by it wishes each one may profit;
Imperiously forces, or like it or lump it,
Himself, honest fellow, to blow his own trumpet.


Why are these the Softest Blankets Ever?
Mink blankets, commonly referred to as "faux mink" blankets or "faux fur" blankets, are not what their name implies. They have nothing to do with real mink fur, or any other fur for that matter. Instead, every mink blanket or mink throw, is made out of some sort of synthetic material, primarily acrylic. The typical make-up of a mink blanket or throw is 85% acrylic and l5% polyester. The acrylic supplies the "softness" while the polyester keeps the mink blanket or throw blanket from wrinkling.


Emily Cox
. She is also Choir Director at St Mary's Anglican Church, Kangaroo Point where she and organist Christopher Wrench oversee a vibrant music programme. As a conductor and chorus master with a broad repertoire, Emily's work is in demand with professional performing arts companies and major arts festivals. Through the repertoire that she explores with her ensembles, she has introduced Australian audiences to many unusual and beautiful works. A graduate of Dartmouth College (USA) and the Queensland Conservatorium of Music, Emily has had further training overseas with noted choral specialists and is known for her work as a festival and workshop director, adjudicator and educator for all age groups.
Emily Cox is featured on the following titles
Joy To The World
Performer: conductor
Light is integral to colour, and musical integrity is often described in terms of its colour or luminescence. Celebrating Canticum's 21st birthday year, composers were sought whose music reflects a particular sensitivity to the versatility of the choral instrument and which celebrates beautiful text.


text: This paper will report on findings from an experimental study, commissioned by the Independent Television Commission (ITC), which explored a number of techniques for assessing audience satisfaction with television in terms of the perceived quality and enjoyment of programmes watched. The study formed part of an ongoing programme of research to design a cost effective measure of audience satisfaction. The paper also examines relationships among four different diary measures of audience reaction (quality, enjoyment, memorability of programme seen and amount of programmes watched), between the aggregated programme genre measures derived from the diary and global programme genre measures derived from the questionnaires, variations among viewers in their atomic and global qualitative ratings and relationships between audience reaction indices and viewing behaviour. The paper will report on the detailed programmes findings in terms of how quality and enjoyment perceptions in the UK vary by programme genre, and by actual programme within programme genre. These findings will also be related to respondent type defined in both demographic and psychographic terms. Finally, relationships between audience reaction indices and aspects of viewing behaviour will be explored, in particular audience size and programme choice.


Quick, clean, and to the point
Position of max value in list
Excel formula: Position of max value in list
Generic formula
To get the position of the maximum value in a range (i.e. a list, table, or row), you can use the MAX function together with the MATCH function.
In the example shown, the formula in I5 is:
Which returns the number 4, representing the position in this list of the the most expensive property.
In this case, that value is 849900.
With those arguments, MATCH locates finds the maximum value inside the range and returns the relative position of the value in that range.
In this case, the position corresponds to a relative row number, but in a horizontal range, the position would correspond to a relative column number.
Note: in case of duplicates (i.e. two or more max values that are the same) this formula will return the position of the first match, the default behavior of the MATCH function.
Dave Bruns
Excel Formula Training
Download 100+ Important Excel Functions


text:
What is River to River CWMA?
The River to River Cooperative Weed Management Area (CWMA) is a partnership between 12 federal and state agencies, organizations, and universities aimed at coordinating efforts and programs for addressing the threat of invasive plants in Southern Illinois. The CWMA was formally established in 2006 (view our MOU) and addresses both terrestrial and aquatic invasive plant species through collaborative projects and activities focused in the following areas:
The CWMA is grant funded and projects-based. Our goal is to cooperatively address the short and long-term effects of non-native invasive plants across jurisdictional boundaries within the 11 southern counties of Illinois.
Thank you for your support!
The River to River Cooperative Weed Management Area would like to acknowledge the following funding sources:
Help Protect Wildlife Habitat by Reducing the Spread of Exotic Invasive Species


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We are developing a Java web application using Spring, Hibernate and MySQL.
I want our application to automatically backup the MySQL database daily; is there any way to accomplish that with Java code?
share|improve this question
u may use one facility of mysql that can be rollback the data of your database – Dhaiwat budh Sep 9 '12 at 17:44
2 Answers 2
This is easy to do.
 1. Write a script to create the backup using the "mysqldump" tool available at _URL_ - Google "mysql backup unix/windows script" to find some examples.
 2. Use a task scheduler to run this script. On UNIX this could be "cron", Windows as a "task scheduler". Best to do so at times when the app is under low-usage.
It is worth while putting some backup file cycling into the script so that you keep, say, every backup from the last week and delete the rest.
Also remember to backup to a physically different disk from the database itself so you have a backup if the disk dies.
share|improve this answer
You can user Quartz-scheduler to schedule the backup, take a look here on how to schedule an automatic Hibernate backup.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text:
State law requires the Department of Early Learning (DEL) to conduct
background checks on anyone who is authorized to care for or have
unsupervised access to children in licensed child care facilities.
DEL issues portable background checks, valid for three years, which can
be submitted through the
Managed Education and Registry Information Tool (MERIT).
Individuals associated with a licensed facility must register in MERIT and have a STARS ID. This includes:
- The licensed provider.
- Anyone who cares for or has unsupervised access to children in licensed child care.
- Anyone age 13 or older who live in the licensed family child care home.
Visit MERIT online:
- Sign in if you already have a STARS ID.
- Apply for a STARS ID if you do not have one.
- Click on the "application" tab.
- Click "Portable Background Check Application." Follow all the instructions.
Send payment as instructed. The processing costs are:
- $12 for online submission through MERIT $24 when a background check paper application is submitted.
First-time applicants must complete the fingerprint process. Individuals must submit a new application prior to the expiration date of the active
background check application. If this is not done then the individual must complete the fingerprint check process. Licensed providers can track the
background check clearances for employees and applicable household members through the MERIT facility registration process.
Background check forms:
People who are unable to submit their application electronically through
MERIT may submit a paper application.
Fingerprint-based background checks:
DEL contracts with Safran/MorphoTrust to conduct the fingerprint process. This website has a list of locations where
the fingerprint process is conducted. When the fingerprint process is required, an individual will receive a fingerprint appointment
form via email. Use the form to schedule an appointment.
The fee for fingerprinting is:
- $43.50 for applicants working in a licensed child care facility
- $42.50 for applicants volunteering in a licensed child care facility.
Additional fingerprint instructions
Request a copy of results:
Individuals may request a copy of their completed background check
application including any supporting documents. To make the request submit
the Request for Background Check form.
Requirements for individuals wishing to share their background check results with OSPI can be found
Contact your local


WAG (estimate)
Because WAGS are simply guesses, they can be very difficult to substantiate. A scientific wild-ass guess (SWAG) is a WAG that is explained in terms of assumptions and informal calculations made to arrive at the estimate. For example, coming up with a WAG for a project completion date, a project manager could explain that a similar completed project took six months but also that there are fewer developers available currently, so the project might take an extra month. The scientific part of the SWAG is the additional explanation and calculation.
Planning poker, a team building activity for achieving group consensus, is a popular tool for creating WAGs that are more likely to be realistic.
This was last updated in March 2012
Continue Reading About WAG (estimate)
Dig Deeper on Agile, DevOps and software development methodologies


Set it to None if you don't want
# this feature. Overridden by command line option "-s" / "--stub-track".
USE_STUB_TRACK = u'00 Stub Track'
# Number of playlists processed between basic processing reports. (Use "-q"
# / "--quiet" option to inhibit these reports.)
# Character to commonly use between song-name path elements. Ommitted when
# the MAGIC_LEADING_DELIMITER, which see, is at the front of a path element.
# = False - create/sync m3u playlist files to target folder
# = True - skip creating m3u playlist files, eg if you're using Google
# Music to sync your playlists, and use this script just to keep a
# fallback stash of music files.
# = False - use the subject playlist names for the target
# = True - synthesize target playlist names based on subject names,
# transforming leading characters according to MAGIC_LEADING_DELIMITER.
# The names of the subject playlists, themselves, are not altered.
# If not empty and COMPOSE_PLAYLIST_NAMES is True, playlist names
# that start with MAGIC_LEADING_DELIMITER's first character are handled
# specially. Here are the alternatives:
# - Empty string: always prepend PLAIN_SEPARATOR to the playlist name when
# creating the full playlist folder path name.
# - One character: when a playlist name's leading character matches
# MAGIC_LEADING_DELIMITER's first (and, in this case, only) character,
# then that character is removed from the playlist name when constructing
# the playlist folder path name, and no additional delimiter is prepended.
# (Thus the playlist name's second character serves as the delimiter.)
# - Two or more characters: like the one-character case, but the
# MAGIC_LEADING_DELIMITER's second character is prepended to matching
# playlist names, to serve as the delimiter when constructing the playlist
# folder path name.
# Lexical precedence in Google Music player: _-,.+=[A-Za-z]
# Lexical precedence in old android Music player: +,-.[A-Za-z]_~
## Value that sorts higher for the old, standard android player:
# Value that sorts higher for the new google-music player ("_," works, too):
## Value that uses characters after the leading magic char, on the playlist
## names, themselves:
# When True, marginal blather() activity messages will be emitted. Can be
# set using the --verbose command line option, and is overridden by QUIET.
# Inhibit all blather() informational messages, even when VERBOSE is set.
# Error messages are still emitted via whoops().
QUIET = False
# Inhibit actually changing any state/filesystem/etc if True. Progress
# report lines will be prefixed with '# '.
DRYRUN = False
 # ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Customization above ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ #
 # vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv Operational config below vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv #
 # (and/or some obscure customization options - caveat emptor) #
# These things can be changed, but you less likely need to, and can more easily
# break things than the common user customizations, above.
# Sequences of extensiosn of filename to be removed from the target
# directory hierarchy if the files have no corresponding playlist or
# playlist track. Other files will be left alone, but directories left
# empty after tracked file deletions will be removed.
# The first PLAYLIST_EXTENSIONS entry will be appended after a '.' to the
# playlist names as part of forming the playlist filename.
PLAYLIST_EXTENSIONS = ('m3u', 'M3u', 'M3U')
TRACK_EXTENSIONS = ('mp3', 'MP3','m4p', 'M4P','m4a', 'M4A')
# Adjust this regular expression to specify characters to to be replaced in
# playlist names for their filesystem file name. (By default we specify the
# negation of the set of allowed characters.) The elided characters are
# replaced by the value of SUBSTITUTION_CHARACTER.
PLAYLIST_FILE_NAMES_REGEXP = '[^- _A-Za-z0-9:%,.'~!@^=*+%()]'
# Used for the mathematical fingerprint (python hash) of track files used
# to detect non-size-changing track audio and metadata edits.
# The logarithmic base for biasing the play density so continued plays as a
# track ages have more importance, or conversely, so the earlier rush to
# play a new track doesn't obscure the staying power of older favorites.
# The tuning of this setting is by feel, but in my (very slight) exploration
# doesn't seem to make a lot of difference except maybe in the low "play
# densities" (see Track.get_play_density()).
 # ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Operational config above ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ #
import appscript
import sys, os, time, shutil, re, optparse, datetime, math
re_playlist_file_names = re.compile(PLAYLIST_FILE_NAMES_REGEXP)
# SingletonByLabelAndClass belongs in a separate module, but by including it
# here we can deliver this application as a single script, so for now:
class SingletonByLabelAndClass(object):
 """Inherit for classes that have distinctly labelled unique instances.
 The distinguishing label is taken from a keyword argument named 'label'.
 >>> class DistinctService(SingletonByLabelAndClass):
 ... counter = 0
 ... def __init__(self, label='default'):
 ... self.counter += 1
 >>> first = DistinctService(label='first')
 >>> first_too = DistinctService(label='first')
 >>> second = DistinctService(label='second')
 >>> first.counter == first_too.counter
 >>> first.counter!= second.counter
 >>> id(first) == id(first_too)
 >>> id(first)!= id(second)
 >>> class DifferentDistinctService(SingletonByLabelAndClass):
 ... counter = 0
 ... self.counter -= 1
 >>> other_first = DifferentDistinctService(label='first')
 >>> id(other_first)!= id(first)
 >>> first._SingletonReset()
 __instances = {}
 # avoid classes colliding by using class-name/specified-name combo:
 name = (cls.__name__, kwargs['label'])
 got = cls.__instances.get(name, None)
 if got == None:
 got = cls.__instances[name] = object.__new__(cls)
 return got
 def _SingletonReset(cls):
 """Development-mode - clear the established instances.
 Use for fresh instances during incremental development of
 singleton-based classes."""
 for i in cls.__instances.values():
 del i
 cls.__instances = {}
class Playlist(SingletonByLabelAndClass):
 """Encapsulation of an iTunes playlist object.
 Playlists within the sync subject playlist must be initted with their
 dotted name, reflecting the containment.
 >>> library = Playlist(label='Library')
 >>> subject = Playlist(label=SUBJECT_PLAYLIST)
 label = None
 # Short-circuit redundant visits and accounting distortion after
 # appscript-timeout restarts:
 _already_done = None
 _is_terminal = None
 _pedigree = None
 _contained_tracks = None
 _children_playlists = None
 _playlist_file_string = None
 _playlist_file_name = None
 def __init__(self, label=None, ref=None):
 """Realize playlist for string LABEL, passed in as a keyword argument.
 To disambiguate playlists with the same terminal names, LABEL must be
 the dotted playlist containment path from the subject playlist.
 REF is for internal use on contained playlists, to disambiguate."""
 if self.label is not None:
 # we're a singleton that's already been initted.
 self.label = label
 self._mgr = mgr = PlaylistSyncManager(label=SUBJECT_PLAYLIST)
 if not ref:
 ref = mgr.get_playlist_refs(label)
 if not ref:
 raise ValueError, ("No playlists labelled '%s' found" % label)
 elif type(ref) == appscript.reference.Reference:
 self._ref = ref
 if len(ref) > 1:
 raise ValueError, ("%s ambiguous - mutiple found" % label)
 self._ref = ref[0]
 def __repr__(self):
 return "<%s.%s instance '%s'>" % (self.__module__,
 def is_terminal_playlist(self):
 if self._is_terminal is None:
 self._is_terminal = (self._ref.special_kind.get()
 == appscript.k.none)
 return self._is_terminal
 def sync_to_directory(self, target_dir_path):
 """Sync our playlist constituents to TARGET_DIRECTORY_PATH.
 A playlist file will not be created for this encompassing playlist,
 itself, but will be created for its constituents."""
 # Employ helpers, including._sync_to_directory(), to do actual work.
 fldr_mgr = PlayfolderManager(label=target_dir_path)
 self._sync_to_directory(fldr_mgr, save_playlist=False)
 def _sync_to


text:
To determine the year and month when a spice was packaged, look for a series of black numbers and letters printed on the bottom or side of the spice container. This is not the UPC code and it is usually printed directly on the container, not the label.
On dry packet mixes, the numbers and letters are pressed or indented into the edge of the package. The first number indicates the year of the decade. For example, if the first number is 9, this means the product was packaged in 2009. The second letter refers to the month. "A" stands for January, "B" stands for February, "C" is for March, and so on. So, if an item was packaged in March of 2009, the code would begin with 9C. (Other numbers and letters will follow, but the first two digits indicate when the product was packaged).
back to top


text:
We hope you enjoy your time in Pokémon Violet's fascinating universe. We're here to spill the beans on the mysterious Shiny Charcadet and explain how the Picnic Outbreak Method can improve your chances of stumbling onto one. The mechanics of Pokémon reproduction have been studied extensively, and we are pleased to present our findings. Come with me as we set out to discover the fascinating world of Shiny Pokémon.
Understanding Shiny Pokémon: A Glimpse into Rarity
Trainers of all ages have been enamoured with Pokémon that shine. Collectors and competitors alike covet them because of the attention to detail that went into designing their one-of-a-kind colour schemes. The Shiny Charcadet is no different; it, too, has iridescent undertones. But why do Shiny Pokémon seem to be so scarce? Probabilities are the deciding factor.
The chances of finding a Shiny Pokémon in the wild are extremely low, with most sources putting the number at somewhere between 1 in 4,096 and 10 million. Shiny Pokémon are highly sought after by their trainers due to their extreme rarity. However, we will share a method that may help you improve your chances of success.
The Picnic Outbreak Method: Unveiling the Technique
Trainers in the know use a technique called the "Picnic Outbreak Method." By tweaking certain game parameters, players can increase their chances of running into a Shiny Pokémon. The procedure is as follows:
Step 1: Choosing the Right Location
Choose a region in Pokémon Violet where your target Pokémon frequently appears. The Charcadet environment is ideal for our purposes.
Step 2: Repel Strategy
Keep low-level wild Pokémon at bay with the help of a Repel. This improves your chances of running into the Shiny Charcadet you've been looking for.
Step 3: Patience is Key
If you want to avoid encounters with weaker wild Pokémon, use a Repel. The chances of finding the Shiny Charcadet, our goal Pokémon, improve as a result.
Mastering the Art: Tips for Success
Success with the Picnic Outbreak Method takes hard work and a commitment to the following guidelines:
Tip 1: Time of Day Matters
When it's a certain time of day, there's a higher chance of seeing a certain Pokémon. Learn how active a Charcadet typically is, and plan your strategy accordingly.
Tip 2: Chain Encounters
If you can, make a series of consecutive encounters with the same Pokémon. Your chances of running into a Shiny Pokémon increase in proportion to the length of your chain.
Tip 3: Equip Shiny Charms
You should work Shiny Charms into your plan. The chances of running into a Shiny Pokémon are increased by using these in-game items.
The Thrill of the Hunt: Encountering a Shiny Charcadet
Envision the thrill of discovering a Shiny Charcadet with the Picnic Outbreak Technique. The sight of its shimmering scales and distinct character is remarkable. Getting a Shiny Pokémon is a testament to your perseverance and planning skills, not only to its rarity.
Conclusion: Your Path to Shiny Success
The search for Shiny Pokémon is an exciting journey in Pokémon Violet's vibrant universe. The Picnic Outbreak Strategy is a well-thought-out plan for meeting the beautiful Shiny Charcadet. Keep in mind that the Pokémon you want can only be found with persistence, an understanding of its behaviours, and some good fortune.
Get yourself some Repels, learn the ropes of chain encounters, and get out there and catch some Shinys! Those that are ready to take their Pokémon journey to the next level will be rewarded with a Shiny Charcadet.
What is a Shiny Charcadet?
Rarer than the common Charcadet, a Shiny Charcadet stands out thanks to its eye-catching metallic sheen. Any Pokémon trainer would be thrilled at the chance to meet one.
What is the Picnic Outbreak Method?
Some trainers utilise a tactic called the "Picnic Outbreak Method" to boost their chances of running into a Shiny Pokémon, such the Shiny Charcadet. In order to increase the possibility of identifying these evasive animals, the technique manipulates elements including location and encounter chains.
How does the Repel strategy work?
Using a Repel item is key to the Repel strategy, which entails avoiding encounters with weaker wild Pokémon. By narrowing your focus, you can increase the chances of running into a Shiny Charcadet while employing the Picnic Outbreak Technique.
Why is patience important in using this method?
The Picnic Outbreak Method requires a patient approach. The chances of running into a Shiny Pokémon are low, but can be improved upon by spending a significant amount of time in the area and having frequent encounters with Pokémon there.
Are there any additional tips for success?
Obtaining a Shiny Pokémon is possible, and there are a few ways to increase your odds. The chances of catching a Shiny Charcadet can be improved by taking advantage of things like the time of day, chaining encounters, and donning Shiny Charms. Keep in mind that you'll need knowledge, strategy, and perseverance to master the Picnic Outbreak Method and meet a Shiny Charcadet.


text:
Experimental Study on Matching Characteristics of Wave and Flame in Detonation
A series of single-shot detonation experiments was performed to understand the matching characteristics of wave and flame in DDT for H2/air mixures in a 60mm square tube that was 2m in length. The ion-probes and pressure transducers were respectively utilized to get the signal of flame and wave, and high-speed digital imaging was used to track flame propagation of DDT area. The matching rule of shock-flame was achieved by analyzing the intensity、velocity and position characteristics of wave and flame in different time along the tube. The results indicate that intensity of wave and flame is positive feedback characteristic and the velocity of wave and flame is alternant change process. The speed amplitude of flame is rapid than that of wave in deflagration phase. This result in the overdrivern detonation wave form and flame is temporarily in front of flame when flame catch up wave. Shock is in front of flame in phase which the overdrivern detonation evolve into steady detonation wave.
P. G. Zhang et al., "Experimental Study on Matching Characteristics of Wave and Flame in Detonation", Advanced Materials Research, Vols. 343-344, pp. 124-129, 2012


Product Administration Guide > Technical Reference >
Revising the System Default Cardinalities
When a you create a relationship in a customizable product, you can specify a minimum, maximum, and default cardinality. If you do not specify cardinalities, the system uses the following defaults:
 - Minimum cardinality = 0
 - Default cardinality = 0
 - Maximum cardinality = 999
If you do not specify cardinalities this means that users are not required to select any items from the relationship and are limited to selecting a maximum of 999 items.
You can change these defaults as needed. For example, you can set the maximum system default cardinality to a number larger than 999.
To revise the system default cardinalities
 1. In Siebel Tools, locate the Complex Product Structure BusComp.
 2. Within the business component, locate the desired field: Default Cardinality, Max Cardinality, or Min Cardinality.
 3. Display the user properties for the field.
 4. Set the Pre Default Value user property to the desired amount.
 The amount should be an integer that is greater than or equal to 0.
Product Administration Guide


text:
Chapter Effectiveness Award
The Chapter Effectiveness Award recognizes an individual chapter for its outstanding achievements in advocacy to influence action and support for the credit union movement. This chapter illustrates the importance of advocacy, collaboration and teamwork. They are removing barriers, not only for their chapter, but also on a statewide and national level. This chapter reflects the importance of grassroots organization and the goals achieved by working together.
This chapter has demonstrated a yearlong effort to affect positive change for their region, their state and the credit union movement.
(One award winner per year)
The Chapter Effectiveness Award is presented for achievement in leadership, mentoring, advocacy and collaboration. Distinction in these categories can be demonstrated through:
- Supporting the next generation of credit union leaders through education, training and mentoring activities, as well as encouraging participation on the chapter executive committee
- Measurable impact to the chapter and movement as a whole
- Supporting key legislative initiatives such as: PAC fundraising, legislative events, etc.
- Supports Michigan Credit Union Foundation
- Supporting key cooperative initiatives such as: CU Link, CMS support, etc.
- Consistent record of teamwork through multi-chapter functions
- Nomination letter and letters of recommendation
- NOMINATION LETTER: A nomination letter must describe and elaborate in detail upon how the award criteria were met
- LETTERS OF SUPPORT: A minimum of 2, maximum of 5, letters of support must be sent and are expected to address the author's first-hand knowledge of the nominee with relation to all of the award criteria


text:
Lake Erie Microcystis: relationship between microcystin production, dynamics of genotypes and environmental parameters in a large lake
Cyanobacteria of genus Microcystis sp. have been commonly found in Lake Erie waters during recent summer seasons. In an effort to elucidate relationships between microcystin production, genotypic composition of Microcystis community and environmental parameters in a large lake ecosystem, we collected DNA samples and environmental data during a three-year (2003–2005) survey within Lake Erie and used the data to perform a series of correlation analyses. Cyanobacteria and Microcystis genotypes were quantified using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Our data show that Microcystis in Lake Erie forms up to 42% of all cyanobacteria, and that Microcystis exists as a mixed population of potentially toxic and (primarily) non-toxic genotypes. In the entire lake, the total abundance of Microcystis as well as the abundance of microcystin-producing Microcystis is strongly correlated with the abundance of cyanobacteria suggesting that Microcystis is a significant component of the cyanobacterial community in Lake Erie during summer seasons. The proportion of total Microcystis of all cyanobacteria was strongly linked to the microcystin concentrations, while the percentage of microcystin-producing genotypes within Microcystis population showed no correlation with microcystin concentrations. Correlation analysis indicated that increasing total phosphorus concentrations correlate strongly with increasing microcystin concentrations as well as with the total abundance of Microcystis and microcystin-producing Microcystis.
Rinta-Kanto, J.M.; DeBruyn, J.M.; Konopko, E.A.; Bourbonniere, R.A.; Boyer, G.L.; and Wilhelm, S.W., "Lake Erie Microcystis: relationship between microcystin production, dynamics of genotypes and environmental parameters in a large lake" (2009). Microbiology Publications and Other Works.


What Does Co Mean Legally?
Is a CEO an owner?
What does.org stand for?
What does C O mean on property taxes?
Common Abbreviations/Acronyms On Property Tax BillsAbbreviationDescriptionAKAAlso known asATFAs trustee forC/OCare ofCUSTCustodian15 more rows
What is Co in a company?
Co. is an abbreviation for company, a catchall phrase for an association of people working together in a commercial or industrial enterprise, such as in a sole proprietorship, limited liability company or corporation.
What is a co CEO called?
abbreviation for co-chief executive officer: the title given to each of two people who share the job of chief executive in a company: Mr Michaelsen will be chairman and co-CEO in charge of the offshore oil production business.
What is an example of co?
An example of co is cofounder, which a person who partnered with another person to found a company or organization. An example of co is cochair, which is a person who is jointly in charge of something with another.
What US state abbreviation is MI?
What does co mean in states?
US STATEABBREVIATIONColoradoCOConnecticutCTDelawareDEFloridaFL46 more rows
What is C O used for?
When writing a letter, c/o simply means "in care of." It is used when a person receiving a letter does not normally get mail at that address. People commonly use it to send mail to themselves at a different address than usual or to get in touch with someone they do not have an address for.
Does co stand for collection?
is now available in paperback and eBook formats. Make it yours today!…AcronymDefinitionCOCollection OfficerCOClothes OptionalCOChampions Online (game)COConstant Observation (medical care)96 more rows
What are the 50 US states?
The 50 U.S. states, in alphabetical order, along with each state's flag:Alabama.Alaska.Arizona.Arkansas.California.Colorado.Connecticut.Delaware.More items…
Are.CO domains good?
Good for SEO. Perhaps the biggest deterrent for people when it comes to choosing a. CO domain name is the worry it won't rank as well as other TLDs. … co domain has the same potential as TLDs to rank well within search engines and actually offers some additional unique advantages.
What is full form of C O in address?
Using "care of" calls attention to the recipient. When the post office receives an envelope that uses "care of" or C/O, it lets them know the envelope's recipient isn't the typical recipient for the street address the envelope was mailed to.
What does Pub mean in real estate?
public houseA pub, or public house, is an establishment licensed to serve alcoholic drinks for consumption on the premises. The term public house first appeared in the late 17th century, and was used to differentiate private houses from those which were, quite literally, open to the public as 'alehouses', 'taverns' and 'inns'.
Whats does CO mean?
care ofOften abbreviated as c/o, "care of" means through someone or by way of someone. This phrase indicates that something is to be delivered to an addressee where they don't normally receive correspondence. In practice, it lets the post office know the recipient is not the normal recipient at that street address.
What does 1br mean?
1BROne Bedroom Community » Housing & AmenitiesRate it:1BR1 Business Radio Community » News & MediaRate it:
What does C O stand for in real estate?
in care of"C/O" means "in care of".


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I have to read and write binary data, where each element of data:
 - size = 2 bytes (16 bit)
 - encoding = signed 2's complement
 - endiannes = big or little (must be selectable)
Is it possible without using any external module? If yes,
 1. How to read such data from a binary file using read() into an array L of integers?
 2. How to write array of integers L into a binary file using write()?
share|improve this question
Have you looked at Python's struct module? – Kai Feb 17 '11 at 15:30
I'd say the struct module would be the best place to start – Exelian Feb 17 '11 at 15:31
Using struct would be quite inefficient, though, because you would have to unpack the values one by one. – Sven Marnach Feb 17 '11 at 15:34
_USER_ Marnach: Have you measured that? – S.Lott Feb 17 '11 at 15:47
_USER_.Lott: Yes, while answering this question last year. I don't remember the exact figures. – Sven Marnach Feb 17 '11 at 15:52
3 Answers 3
up vote 8 down vote accepted
I think you are best off using the array module. It stores data in system byte order by default, but you can use array.byteswap() to convert between byte orders, and you can use sys.byteorder to query the system byte order. Example:
# Create an array of 16-bit signed integers
a = array.array("h", range(10))
# Write to file in big endian order
if sys.byteorder == "little":
with open("data", "wb") as f:
# Read from file again
b = array.array("h")
with open("data", "rb") as f:
 b.fromfile(f, 10)
if sys.byteorder == "little":
share|improve this answer
More generally, seeing that the OP in effect wants a file_byteorder arg, use if sys.byteorder!= file_byteorder: b.byteswap() in both input and output. – John Machin Feb 17 '11 at 20:54
_USER_: That's why I wrote "example" above :) – Sven Marnach Feb 17 '11 at 21:04
Consider using
struct.unpack(byteorder + str(len(rawbytes) // 2) + "h", rawbytes)
where byteorder is '<' or '>' as desired, and similarly for packing. Note: I'm not claiming that this is faster than the array way, but I do note that the array way sometimes needs an additional byteswap step.
share|improve this answer
The struct way always needs an additional unpack() step. The main difference is that you will end up with a Python list, while you get an array when using array.fromfile(). – Sven Marnach Feb 20 '11 at 11:12
from array import array
# Edit:
from sys import byteorder as system_endian # thanks, Sven!
# Sigh...
from os import stat
def read_file(filename, endian):
 count = stat(filename).st_size / 2
 with file(filename, 'rb') as f:
 result = array('h')
 result.fromfile(f, count)
 if endian!= system_endian: result.byteswap()
 return result
share|improve this answer
array.fromfile() always takes two parameters. – Sven Marnach Feb 17 '11 at 15:55
Ugh. That's utterly inconvenient. :( – Karl Knechtel Feb 17 '11 at 16:01
Your Answer


Printout Header
LEX Online Manual Content
Container Class Evaluation
Lex shows the hierarchy of the current connected LDAP directory in the tree view panel on the left side in the LEX main window, so that a fast and easy navigation is possible. To show this hierarchy, LEX reads all the container objects from the server, so that these objects can be used to build up the navigation tree.
The probem is: LDAP allows all types of objects to have child objects. So if you want to build up the current LDAP tree, normall you have to check literally all LDAP objects for children. This would lead to a sluggish application performance when you want to browse through a large tree hierarchy. Or if you would first pre-cache the tree structure, it would last very long to achieve this.
Therefore LEX has a list for each type of directory server with the names of the typical container object classes. There are different lists for the following environments:
 - OpenLDAP
 - Microsoft Active Directory (this includes AD LDS and ADAM)
 - Novell eDirectory
 - Sun iPlanet (this includes SUN Directory Servers and NetScape Directory Servers)
 - Siemens DirX
 - Generic LDAP (all other LDAP servers)
This classification was made to reflect the fact that all types of directories tend to have their typical structural elements. In all these lists, the object class 'organizationalUnit' will be in the list for sure. Other classes are not so obvious to be potential container classes with child objects.
If LEX loads the directory tree hierarchy, the list of container classes will be converted to the appropriate LDAP filter. This filter is used then to retrieve all the object from the server which are needed to built up the tree view.
The list of the container classes can be configured with the menu option Tools - Options - Container Classes. You see here different buttons for the regarding LDAP server environments where you can configure the appropriate list of container classes:
Configuring the container classes
Normally you do not have to work hard on these lists because a lot of the classes usually used as container classes are predefined as default values here.
Maybe you have to configure new classes to this lists if you encounter the following problem: You don't see an object in the tree view hierarchy as a container, even if it is shown in the object list when you look at the parent container:
Domain Controllers don't appaear in the tree
If you change the object list scope to 'deeptree', so that you see the entire subtree under the parent object, you may notice that this object have child objects - although it was not shown as a container.
Child objects visible in deeptree scope
Then you have to check what object class the regarding object has. Add this object class to the appropriate container class list under Tools - Options - Container Classes. If you don't know to which type of directory your current LDAP server belongs, you can check this in the option Connection - Connection Info.
Pseudo Container Classes
There might be object classes in a directory environment which have a large number of real objects existing for this class, whereas these objects have very seldom child objects below them. An example of such an object class are the 'computer' objects in an Active Directory environment.
In order to be able to show all hierarchical structures in the tree view panel in a very fast way, LEX works with so-called Pseudo Container Classes. These container classes are handles as follows:
 - Container Class objects are shown in the tree view panel ONLY if they have actually child objects:
 Pseudo Container Classes
 - If the entire tree hierarchy has to be cached (first connection or reload operation on the entire tree), LEX does not search for Pseudo Container Class objects. This is because there may be a huge count of these objects in the current directory - so this would last far too long for building up a tree with these information included. Even if we would search for all these - this would result potentially in a very large number of container objects in the tree view - although most of such objects doesn't have child objects.
 So for the caching of the entire tree hierarchy, no Pseudo Container Classes are used. Only the normal container class objects are evaluated.
 - If you just reload the 'tree environment' of the currently selected node, then only the node's parent, siblings and child nodes are refeshed. This is done by just pressing F5 or using the ViewRefresh option. Because this is probably a smaller amount of container objects to read from the server, LEX requests the normal container classes together with the Pseudo Container Classes.
The list of the pseudo container classes can be configured with the menu option Tools - Options - Container Classes. You see here different buttons for te regarding LDAP server environments where you can configure the approprate list of pseudo container classes:
Configuring the container classes


text:
How do I transfer a ticket to someone else?
If a guest requests that a purchased ticket be transferred to someone else, just follow these simple steps below:
1. Open the RSVPs tab in the toolbar to the left of your event page.
2. Find the attendee to edit.
3. Click the pencil icon, which will appear towards the right side of the purchase information.
4. Within that pop-up, enter the Edit Attendee tab.
5. Update the First Name, Last Name, and Email Address.
Pro-tip: If you would like an email notification (with ticket) to be sent to the guest, select the checkbox for "Send email with ticket to user upon save."
6. Click Save.


What The Heck Is Nergi Fruit?
The latest superfood has lots of nutrients. But find out how you can serve, eat and snack on delicious Nergi fruit berries.
What are Nergi berries?
It is small, green and tasty. Nergi fruit look like grapes on the outside. On the inside, it's more like kiwi. And the taste is kind of a mix of both.
So, why haven't we seen these in stores until recently? Well, because Nergi fruit aren't native to Canada (surprise, surprise!).
The berries, a.k.a. kiwi berries, are grown in France, Spain, Portugal, Italy and Ukraine, but they originate and are produced in Asia. And they are harvested in August and September, which is why the fall is the best time to buy them.
They're like strawberries, in that you should buy them when they are soft to touch. And, like most berries, you can eat the peel.
Here's how to eat Nergi
You can wash them and snack on them as you like. But they last three days at room temperature and a week when you keep them in the fridge or drawer. You can also add them to smoothies, salads and pretty much any dish you would add fruit to.
What are the nutritional benefits of Nergi?
Well, as a fruit, they're low in calories – 52 calories for about 10 berries. (One is about the size of a small plum.) And it's a good source of fibre, vitamin C and vitamin E. It does have sugar, as most fruits do, and are being touted for their energizing properties.
Ready to try some?
Like we said, you can just snack on them or add them to your favourite fruit recipes for a bit of sweetness. But, we also have these recipes so you can test them out. And they are totally instagrammable, too.