Alice gave Bob two integers a and b (a > 0 and b ≥ 0). Being a curious boy, Bob wrote down an array of non-negative integers with \operatorname{MEX} value of all elements equal to a and \operatorname{XOR} value of all elements equal to b.

What is the shortest possible length of the array Bob wrote?

Recall that the \operatorname{MEX} (Minimum EXcluded) of an array is the minimum non-negative integer that does not belong to the array and the \operatorname{XOR} of an array is the [bitwise XOR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation#XOR) of all the elements of the array.

Input

The input consists of multiple test cases. The first line contains an integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 5 ⋅ 10^4) — the number of test cases. The description of the test cases follows.

The only line of each test case contains two integers a and b (1 ≤ a ≤ 3 ⋅ 10^5; 0 ≤ b ≤ 3 ⋅ 10^5) — the \operatorname{MEX} and \operatorname{XOR} of the array, respectively.

Output

For each test case, output one (positive) integer — the length of the shortest array with \operatorname{MEX} a and \operatorname{XOR} b. We can show that such an array always exists.

Example

Input


5
1 1
2 1
2 0
1 10000
2 10000


Output


3
2
3
2
3

Note

In the first test case, one of the shortest arrays with \operatorname{MEX} 1 and \operatorname{XOR} 1 is [0, 2020, 2021].

In the second test case, one of the shortest arrays with \operatorname{MEX} 2 and \operatorname{XOR} 1 is [0, 1].

It can be shown that these arrays are the shortest arrays possible.
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main {
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        
        var sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        var pw = new PrintWriter(System.out);
        
        int T = Integer.parseInt(sc.next());
        for(int t = 0; t < T; t++){
            int a = Integer.parseInt(sc.next());
            int b = Integer.parseInt(sc.next());
            
            int xor = 0;
            switch((a-1) % 4){
                case 0:
                    xor = a-1;
                    break;
                case 1:
                    xor = 1;
                    break;
                case 2:
                    xor = a;
                    break;
                case 3:
                    xor = 0;
                    break;
            }
            if(xor == b){
                pw.println(a);
            }else if((xor ^ b) == a){
                pw.println(a+2);
            }else{
                pw.println(a+1);
            }
        }
        pw.flush();
    }
}