You are given n integers a_1, a_2, …, a_n and an integer k. Find the maximum value of i ⋅ j - k ⋅ (a_i | a_j) over all pairs (i, j) of integers with 1 ≤ i < j ≤ n. Here, | is the [bitwise OR operator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation#OR).

Input

The first line contains a single integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 10 000) — the number of test cases.

The first line of each test case contains two integers n (2 ≤ n ≤ 10^5) and k (1 ≤ k ≤ min(n, 100)).

The second line of each test case contains n integers a_1, a_2, …, a_n (0 ≤ a_i ≤ n).

It is guaranteed that the sum of n over all test cases doesn't exceed 3 ⋅ 10^5.

Output

For each test case, print a single integer — the maximum possible value of i ⋅ j - k ⋅ (a_i | a_j).

Example

Input


4
3 3
1 1 3
2 2
1 2
4 3
0 1 2 3
6 6
3 2 0 0 5 6


Output


-1
-4
3
12

Note

Let f(i, j) = i ⋅ j - k ⋅ (a_i | a_j).

In the first test case, 

  * f(1, 2) = 1 ⋅ 2 - k ⋅ (a_1 | a_2) = 2 - 3 ⋅ (1 | 1) = -1. 
  * f(1, 3) = 1 ⋅ 3 - k ⋅ (a_1 | a_3) = 3 - 3 ⋅ (1 | 3) = -6. 
  * f(2, 3) = 2 ⋅ 3 - k ⋅ (a_2 | a_3) = 6 - 3 ⋅ (1 | 3) = -3. 



So the maximum is f(1, 2) = -1.

In the fourth test case, the maximum is f(3, 4) = 12.
import java.util.*;
import java.io.*;

public class Div735 {
    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
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////////                                                                                                               /////////
////////                                                                                                               /////////
////////   HHHH        HHHH  EEEEEEEEEEEEE   MMMM          MMMM         OOOOOO             SSSSSSS      EEEEEEEEEEEEE  /////////
////////   HHHH        HHHH  EEEEEEEEEEEEE   MMMMMM      MMMMMM      OOO      OOO        SSSS   SSS     EEEEEEEEEEEEE  /////////
////////   HHHH        HHHH  EEEEE           MMMM MMM  MMM MMMM    OOO          OOO    SSSS       SSS   EEEEE          /////////
////////   HHHH        HHHH  EEEEE           MMMM  MMMMMM  MMMM   OOO            OOO   SSSS             EEEEE          /////////
////////   HHHH        HHHH  EEEEE           MMMM          MMMM  OOO              OOO   SSSSSSS         EEEEE          /////////
////////   HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH  EEEEEEEEEEE     MMMM          MMMM  OOO              OOO      SSSSSS       EEEEEEEEEEE    /////////
////////   HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH  EEEEEEEEEEE     MMMM          MMMM  OOO              OOO         SSSSSSS   EEEEEEEEEEE    /////////
////////   HHHH        HHHH  EEEEE           MMMM          MMMM   OOO            OOO              SSSS  EEEEE          /////////
////////   HHHH        HHHH  EEEEE           MMMM          MMMM    OOO          OOO     SSS       SSSS  EEEEE          /////////
////////   HHHH        HHHH  EEEEEEEEEEEEE   MMMM          MMMM      OOO      OOO        SSS    SSSS    EEEEEEEEEEEEE  /////////
////////   HHHH        HHHH  EEEEEEEEEEEEE   MMMM          MMMM         OOOOOO             SSSSSSS      EEEEEEEEEEEEE  /////////
////////                                                                                                               /////////
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////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
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////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    static long getbit(int p) {
        return 1l << p;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(System.out);
        int t = sc.nextInt();
        while (t-- > 0) {
            int n = sc.nextInt();
            int k = sc.nextInt();
            int[] a = sc.nextIntArr(n);
            long ans = (long) -1e18;
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                for (int j = i + 1; j < n && j - i <= 120; j++)
                    ans = Math.max(ans, 1l * (i + 1) * (j + 1) - k * (a[i] | a[j]));
            }
            pw.println(ans);
        }
        pw.flush();
    }

    static class Scanner {
        StringTokenizer st;
        BufferedReader br;

        public Scanner(FileReader r) {
            br = new BufferedReader(r);
        }

        public Scanner(InputStream s) {
            br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(s));
        }

        public String next() throws IOException {
            while (st == null || !st.hasMoreTokens())
                st = new StringTokenizer(br.readLine());
            return st.nextToken();
        }

        public int[] nextIntArr(int n) throws IOException {
            int[] a = new int[n];
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                a[i] = nextInt();
            }
            return a;
        }

        public int nextInt() throws IOException {
            return Integer.parseInt(next());
        }

        public long nextLong() throws IOException {
            return Long.parseLong(next());
        }

        public String nextLine() throws IOException {
            return br.readLine();
        }

        public double nextDouble() throws IOException {
            String x = next();
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("0");
            double res = 0, f = 1;
            boolean dec = false, neg = false;
            int start = 0;
            if (x.charAt(0) == '-') {
                neg = true;
                start++;
            }
            for (int i = start; i < x.length(); i++)
                if (x.charAt(i) == '.') {
                    res = Long.parseLong(sb.toString());
                    sb = new StringBuilder("0");
                    dec = true;
                } else {
                    sb.append(x.charAt(i));
                    if (dec)
                        f *= 10;
                }
            res += Long.parseLong(sb.toString()) / f;
            return res * (neg ? -1 : 1);
        }

        public boolean ready() throws IOException {
            return br.ready();
        }
    }

}