You are given n integers a_1, a_2, …, a_n and an integer k. Find the maximum value of i ⋅ j - k ⋅ (a_i | a_j) over all pairs (i, j) of integers with 1 ≤ i < j ≤ n. Here, | is the [bitwise OR operator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation#OR).

Input

The first line contains a single integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 10 000) — the number of test cases.

The first line of each test case contains two integers n (2 ≤ n ≤ 10^5) and k (1 ≤ k ≤ min(n, 100)).

The second line of each test case contains n integers a_1, a_2, …, a_n (0 ≤ a_i ≤ n).

It is guaranteed that the sum of n over all test cases doesn't exceed 3 ⋅ 10^5.

Output

For each test case, print a single integer — the maximum possible value of i ⋅ j - k ⋅ (a_i | a_j).

Example

Input


4
3 3
1 1 3
2 2
1 2
4 3
0 1 2 3
6 6
3 2 0 0 5 6


Output


-1
-4
3
12

Note

Let f(i, j) = i ⋅ j - k ⋅ (a_i | a_j).

In the first test case, 

  * f(1, 2) = 1 ⋅ 2 - k ⋅ (a_1 | a_2) = 2 - 3 ⋅ (1 | 1) = -1. 
  * f(1, 3) = 1 ⋅ 3 - k ⋅ (a_1 | a_3) = 3 - 3 ⋅ (1 | 3) = -6. 
  * f(2, 3) = 2 ⋅ 3 - k ⋅ (a_2 | a_3) = 6 - 3 ⋅ (1 | 3) = -3. 



So the maximum is f(1, 2) = -1.

In the fourth test case, the maximum is f(3, 4) = 12.

import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;

public class MainB {
    static class InputReader {
        public BufferedReader reader;
        public StringTokenizer tokenizer;
        public InputReader(InputStream stream) {
            reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(stream), 32768);
            tokenizer = null;
        }
        public String next() {
            while (tokenizer == null || !tokenizer.hasMoreTokens()) {
                try {
                    tokenizer = new StringTokenizer(reader.readLine());
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
            }
            return tokenizer.nextToken();
        }
        public int nextInt() {
            return Integer.parseInt(next());
        }
        public long nextLong() {
            return Long.parseLong(next());
        }
        public boolean hasNext() {
            try {
                String string = reader.readLine();
                if (string == null) {
                    return false;
                }
                tokenizer = new StringTokenizer(string);
                return tokenizer.hasMoreTokens();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                return false;
            }
        }
    }
    static InputReader in = new InputReader(System.in);
    static PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(System.out));

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int t = in.nextInt();
        while (t -- > 0) {
            solve();
        }
        out.close();
    }
    static void solve() {
        int n = in.nextInt();
        int k = in.nextInt();
        int[] arr = new int[n];
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            arr[i] = in.nextInt();
        }
        long answer = Long.MIN_VALUE;
        for (int i = Math.max(0, n-250); i < n; i++) {
            for (int j = Math.max(0, n-250); j < i; j++) {
                answer = Math.max(answer, (long) (i+1) * (j+1) - (long) k * (long)(arr[i] | arr[j]));
            }
        }
        out.println(answer);
    }
}
