You are given n integers a_1, a_2, …, a_n and an integer k. Find the maximum value of i ⋅ j - k ⋅ (a_i | a_j) over all pairs (i, j) of integers with 1 ≤ i < j ≤ n. Here, | is the [bitwise OR operator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation#OR).

Input

The first line contains a single integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 10 000) — the number of test cases.

The first line of each test case contains two integers n (2 ≤ n ≤ 10^5) and k (1 ≤ k ≤ min(n, 100)).

The second line of each test case contains n integers a_1, a_2, …, a_n (0 ≤ a_i ≤ n).

It is guaranteed that the sum of n over all test cases doesn't exceed 3 ⋅ 10^5.

Output

For each test case, print a single integer — the maximum possible value of i ⋅ j - k ⋅ (a_i | a_j).

Example

Input


4
3 3
1 1 3
2 2
1 2
4 3
0 1 2 3
6 6
3 2 0 0 5 6


Output


-1
-4
3
12

Note

Let f(i, j) = i ⋅ j - k ⋅ (a_i | a_j).

In the first test case, 

  * f(1, 2) = 1 ⋅ 2 - k ⋅ (a_1 | a_2) = 2 - 3 ⋅ (1 | 1) = -1. 
  * f(1, 3) = 1 ⋅ 3 - k ⋅ (a_1 | a_3) = 3 - 3 ⋅ (1 | 3) = -6. 
  * f(2, 3) = 2 ⋅ 3 - k ⋅ (a_2 | a_3) = 6 - 3 ⋅ (1 | 3) = -3. 



So the maximum is f(1, 2) = -1.

In the fourth test case, the maximum is f(3, 4) = 12.
#!/usr/bin/env python
#from __future__ import division, print_function
import math
import os
import sys
from io import BytesIO, IOBase
M = 10 ** 9 + 7
import heapq
import bisect
from functools import lru_cache
from collections import *
if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
    from __builtin__ import xrange as range
    from future_builtins import ascii, filter, hex, map, oct, zip
# sys.setrecursionlimit(10**6)
# region fastio
BUFSIZE = 8192
class FastIO(IOBase):
    newlines = 0
    def __init__(self, file):
        self._fd = file.fileno()
        self.buffer = BytesIO()
        self.writable = "x" in file.mode or "r" not in file.mode
        self.write = self.buffer.write if self.writable else None
    def read(self):
        while True:
            b = os.read(self._fd, max(os.fstat(self._fd).st_size, BUFSIZE))
            if not b:
                break
            ptr = self.buffer.tell()
            self.buffer.seek(0, 2), self.buffer.write(b), self.buffer.seek(ptr)
        self.newlines = 0
        return self.buffer.read()
    def readline(self):
        while self.newlines == 0:
            b = os.read(self._fd, max(os.fstat(self._fd).st_size, BUFSIZE))
            self.newlines = b.count(b"\n") + (not b)
            ptr = self.buffer.tell()
            self.buffer.seek(0, 2), self.buffer.write(b), self.buffer.seek(ptr)
        self.newlines -= 1
        return self.buffer.readline()
    def flush(self):
        if self.writable:
            os.write(self._fd, self.buffer.getvalue())
            self.buffer.truncate(0), self.buffer.seek(0)
class IOWrapper(IOBase):
    def __init__(self, file):
        self.buffer = FastIO(file)
        self.flush = self.buffer.flush
        self.writable = self.buffer.writable
        self.write = lambda s: self.buffer.write(s.encode("ascii"))
        self.read = lambda: self.buffer.read().decode("ascii")
        self.readline = lambda: self.buffer.readline().decode("ascii")
def print(*args, **kwargs):
    """Prints the values to a stream, or to sys.stdout by default."""
    sep, file = kwargs.pop("sep", " "), kwargs.pop("file", sys.stdout)
    at_start = True
    for x in args:
        if not at_start:
            file.write(sep)
        file.write(str(x))
        at_start = False
    file.write(kwargs.pop("end", "\n"))
    if kwargs.pop("flush", False):
        file.flush()
if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
    sys.stdin, sys.stdout = FastIO(sys.stdin), FastIO(sys.stdout)
else:
    sys.stdin, sys.stdout = IOWrapper(sys.stdin), IOWrapper(sys.stdout)
input = lambda: sys.stdin.readline().rstrip("\r\n")
def inp(): return sys.stdin.readline().rstrip("\r\n")  # for fast input
def out(var): sys.stdout.write(str(var))  # for fast output, always take string
def lis(): return list(map(int, inp().split()))
def stringlis(): return list(map(str, inp().split()))
def sep(): return map(int, inp().split())
def strsep(): return map(str, inp().split())
def fsep(): return map(float, inp().split())
def inpu(): return int(inp())
def valid(arr,n,c,mid):
    s=0
    p=arr[0]
    for i in range(1,n):
        temp=arr[i]-p
        if temp>=mid:
            s+=1
            p=arr[i]
    #print(s)
    if s>=c-1:
        return True
    return False
def fun(n):
    s=str(n)
    ans=0
    for i in range(len(s)):
        p=int(s[i])
        ans+=math.factorial(p)
    ans=str(ans)
    res=0
    for  i in range(len(ans)):
        res+=int(ans[i])
    return res
def fun4(n):
        m=1
        while(n&m):
            n^=m
            m<<=1
        n=n^m
        return n
def main():
    # is it O(k**2)??????????????????????
    t = inpu()
    for _ in range(t):
        n, k = sep()
        a = lis()
        l = max(0, n - 2 * k - 1)
        ans = -10**12
        for i in range(l, n):
            for j in range(i + 1, n):
                ans = max(ans, (i + 1) * (j + 1) - k * (a[i] | a[j]))
        print(ans)
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()
