You are given n integers a_1, a_2, …, a_n and an integer k. Find the maximum value of i ⋅ j - k ⋅ (a_i | a_j) over all pairs (i, j) of integers with 1 ≤ i < j ≤ n. Here, | is the [bitwise OR operator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation#OR).

Input

The first line contains a single integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 10 000) — the number of test cases.

The first line of each test case contains two integers n (2 ≤ n ≤ 10^5) and k (1 ≤ k ≤ min(n, 100)).

The second line of each test case contains n integers a_1, a_2, …, a_n (0 ≤ a_i ≤ n).

It is guaranteed that the sum of n over all test cases doesn't exceed 3 ⋅ 10^5.

Output

For each test case, print a single integer — the maximum possible value of i ⋅ j - k ⋅ (a_i | a_j).

Example

Input


4
3 3
1 1 3
2 2
1 2
4 3
0 1 2 3
6 6
3 2 0 0 5 6


Output


-1
-4
3
12

Note

Let f(i, j) = i ⋅ j - k ⋅ (a_i | a_j).

In the first test case, 

  * f(1, 2) = 1 ⋅ 2 - k ⋅ (a_1 | a_2) = 2 - 3 ⋅ (1 | 1) = -1. 
  * f(1, 3) = 1 ⋅ 3 - k ⋅ (a_1 | a_3) = 3 - 3 ⋅ (1 | 3) = -6. 
  * f(2, 3) = 2 ⋅ 3 - k ⋅ (a_2 | a_3) = 6 - 3 ⋅ (1 | 3) = -3. 



So the maximum is f(1, 2) = -1.

In the fourth test case, the maximum is f(3, 4) = 12.
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;

public class Main {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		InputStream inputStream = System.in;
		OutputStream outputStream = System.out;
		InputReader in = new InputReader(inputStream);
		PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(outputStream);
		Task solver = new Task();
		int tcCnt = in.nextInt();
		for (int tc = 1; tc <= tcCnt; tc++)
			solver.solve(tc, in, out);
		out.close();
	}

	static class Task {
		public void solve(int testNumber, InputReader in, PrintWriter out) {
			int n = in.nextInt();
			int k = in.nextInt();
			int[] a = new int[n];
			for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
				a[i] = in.nextInt();
			}
			long ans = Long.MIN_VALUE;
			for (int i = n; i >= Math.max(1, n - 2*k); i--) {
				for (int j = i-1; j >= Math.max(1, n - 2*k); j--) {
					ans = Math.max(ans, 1l * i * j - 1l * k * (a[i-1] | a[j-1]));
				}
			}
			out.println(ans);
		}

	}

	static class InputReader {
		public BufferedReader reader;
		public StringTokenizer tokenizer;

		public InputReader(InputStream stream) {
			reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(stream), 32768);
			tokenizer = null;
		}

		public String nextLine() {
			try {
				return reader.readLine();
			} catch (IOException e) {
				throw new RuntimeException(e);
			}
		}

		public String nextToken() {
			while (tokenizer == null || !tokenizer.hasMoreTokens()) {
				tokenizer = new StringTokenizer(nextLine());
			}
			return tokenizer.nextToken();
		}

		public int nextInt() {
			return Integer.parseInt(nextToken());
		}

		public double nextDouble() {
			return Double.parseDouble(nextToken());
		}

		public long nextLong() {
			return Long.parseLong(nextToken());
		}

		public int[] nextIntArray(int size) {
			int[] arr = new int[size];
			for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
				arr[i] = nextInt();
			}
			return arr;
		}

	}
}