// Author: Tyler Wang

#include <algorithm>
#include <array>
#include <bitset>
#include <cassert>
#include <cctype>
#include <chrono>
#include <cmath>
#include <complex>
#include <cstdint>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <deque>
#include <functional>
#include <initializer_list>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <iterator>
#include <limits>
#include <map>
#include <memory>
#include <numeric>
#include <optional>
#include <queue>
#include <random>
#include <set>
#include <stack>
#include <string>
#include <string_view>
#include <tuple>
#include <type_traits>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

template <class C>
constexpr auto ssize(const C& c)
    -> std::common_type_t<std::ptrdiff_t,
                          std::make_signed_t<decltype(c.size())>> {
  using R = std::common_type_t<std::ptrdiff_t,
                               std::make_signed_t<decltype(c.size())>>;
  return (R)c.size();
}

template <class T, std::ptrdiff_t N>
constexpr std::ptrdiff_t ssize(const T (&)[N]) noexcept {
  return N;
}

template <typename T>
constexpr std::enable_if_t<std::is_unsigned_v<T>, bool> has_single_bit(
    T x) noexcept {
  return x != 0 && (x & (x - 1)) == 0;
}

template <typename T>
constexpr std::enable_if_t<std::is_unsigned_v<T>, int> countl_zero(
    T x) noexcept {
  if constexpr (sizeof(T) <= sizeof(unsigned)) {
    return __builtin_clz(x) - (std::numeric_limits<unsigned>::digits -
                               std::numeric_limits<T>::digits);
  } else if constexpr (sizeof(T) <= sizeof(unsigned long)) {
    return __builtin_clzl(x) - (std::numeric_limits<unsigned long>::digits -
                                std::numeric_limits<T>::digits);
  } else {
    static_assert(sizeof(T) <= sizeof(unsigned long long));
    return __builtin_clzll(x) -
           (std::numeric_limits<unsigned long long>::digits -
            std::numeric_limits<T>::digits);
  }
}

template <typename T>
constexpr std::enable_if_t<std::is_unsigned_v<T>, int> countr_zero(
    T x) noexcept {
  if constexpr (sizeof(T) <= sizeof(unsigned)) {
    return __builtin_ctz(x);
  } else if constexpr (sizeof(T) <= sizeof(unsigned long)) {
    return __builtin_ctzl(x);
  } else {
    static_assert(sizeof(T) <= sizeof(unsigned long long));
    return __builtin_ctzll(x);
  }
}

template <typename T>
constexpr std::enable_if_t<std::is_unsigned_v<T>, int> popcount(T x) noexcept {
  if constexpr (sizeof(T) <= sizeof(unsigned)) {
    return __builtin_popcount(x);
  } else if constexpr (sizeof(T) <= sizeof(unsigned long long)) {
    return __builtin_popcountl(x);
  } else {
    static_assert(sizeof(T) <= sizeof(unsigned long long));
    return __builtin_popcountll(x);
  }
}

template <typename T>
constexpr std::enable_if_t<std::is_unsigned_v<T>, T> bit_width(T x) noexcept {
  return (T)(std::numeric_limits<T>::digits - countl_zero(x));
}

template <typename T>
constexpr std::enable_if_t<std::is_unsigned_v<T>, T> bit_ceil(T x) noexcept {
  return (T)(x <= 1 ? 1 : (T)1 << bit_width((T)(x - 1)));
}

template <typename T>
constexpr std::enable_if_t<std::is_unsigned_v<T>, T> bit_floor(T x) noexcept {
  return (T)(x == 0 ? 0 : (T)1 << (bit_width(x) - 1));
}

template <class Fun>
class y_combinator_result {
 public:
  template <class T>
  explicit y_combinator_result(T&& fun) : fun_(std::forward<T>(fun)) {}

  template <class... Args>
  decltype(auto) operator()(Args&&... args) {
    return fun_(std::ref(*this), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
  }

 private:
  Fun fun_;
};

template <class Fun>
decltype(auto) y_combinator(Fun&& fun) {
  return y_combinator_result<std::decay_t<Fun>>(std::forward<Fun>(fun));
}

template <typename T>
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const std::optional<T>& opt) {
  return opt ? os << *opt : os << "nullopt";
}

template <typename T1, typename T2>
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const std::pair<T1, T2>& p) {
  return os << '{' << p.first << ", " << p.second << '}';
}

template <typename Container,
          std::enable_if_t<!std::is_convertible_v<Container, std::string_view>,
                           typename Container::const_iterator>* = nullptr>
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Container& c) {
  os << '{';
  for (auto it = c.begin(); it != c.end(); ++it) {
    if (it != c.begin()) {
      os << ", ";
    }
    os << *it;
  }
  return os << '}';
}

template <typename ContainerAdaptor,
          typename ContainerAdaptor::container_type* = nullptr>
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const ContainerAdaptor& a) {
  class subadaptor : public ContainerAdaptor {
   public:
    const auto& c() const { return ContainerAdaptor::c; }
  };
  return os << static_cast<const subadaptor&>(a).c();
}

namespace detail {

template <int I, typename... Ts>
void tuple_print(std::ostream& os, const std::tuple<Ts...>& t) {
  static_assert(0 <= I && I <= sizeof...(Ts));
  if constexpr (I != sizeof...(Ts)) {
    if constexpr (I != 0) {
      os << ", ";
    }
    os << std::get<I>(t);
    tuple_print<I + 1>(os, t);
  }
}

}  // namespace detail

template <typename... Ts>
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const std::tuple<Ts...>& t) {
  os << '{';
  detail::tuple_print<0>(os, t);
  return os << '}';
}

namespace detail {

template <typename T1, typename... Ts>
void debug_print(std::string_view keys, const T1& val1, const Ts&... vals) {
  if constexpr (sizeof...(Ts) == 0) {
    std::cerr << keys << " = " << val1 << std::endl;
  } else {
    for (int i = 0, paren = 0; i < (int)keys.size(); ++i) {
      if (keys[i] == '(' || keys[i] == '{') {
        ++paren;
      } else if (keys[i] == ')' || keys[i] == '}') {
        --paren;
      } else if (keys[i] == ',' && paren == 0) {
        std::cerr << keys.substr(0, i) << " = " << val1 << ',';
        return debug_print(keys.substr(i + 1), vals...);
      }
    }
  }
}

template <typename... Ts>
void debug_print(int line, const Ts&... keyvals) {
  if constexpr (sizeof...(Ts) <= 1) {
    std::cerr << "  " << line << " |" << std::endl;
  } else {
    std::cerr << "  " << line << " | ";
    debug_print(keyvals...);
  }
}

}  // namespace detail

#if defined(TYLER) && defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ >= 8
#define debug(...) \
  detail::debug_print(__LINE__, #__VA_ARGS__ __VA_OPT__(, ) __VA_ARGS__)
#elif defined(TYLER)
#define debug(...) detail::debug_print(__LINE__, #__VA_ARGS__, __VA_ARGS__)
#else
#define debug(...) ((void)0)
#endif

int main() {
  std::ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
  std::cin.tie(nullptr);
  std::cout.precision(12);
  std::cerr.precision(12);
  std::mt19937 rng((std::uint_fast32_t)std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now()
                       .time_since_epoch()
                       .count());
  string s;
  cin >> s;
  int n = (int)s.size();
  auto check = [&](int x) {
    for (int low : {0, 1}) {
      int high = x;
      if (low % 2 != high % 2) {
        --high;
      }
      bool ok = true;
      for (char c : s) {
        if (c == '0') {
          --low, --high;
        } else if (c == '1') {
          ++low, ++high;
        } else {
          --low, ++high;
        }
        if (low < 0) {
          low += 2;
        }
        if (high > x) {
          high -= 2;
        }
        if (low > high) {
          ok = false;
          break;
        }
      }
      if (ok) {
        return true;
      }
    }
    return false;
  };
  int low = 0, high = n;
  while (low < high) {
    int mid = (low + high) >> 1;
    if (check(mid)) {
      high = mid;
    } else {
      low = mid + 1;
    }
  }
  cout << low << '\n';
  return 0;
}