The Kingdom of Kremland is a tree (a connected undirected graph without cycles) consisting of n vertices. Each vertex i has its own value a_i. All vertices are connected in series by edges. Formally, for every 1 ≤ i < n there is an edge between the vertices of i and i+1.

Denote the function f(l, r), which takes two integers l and r (l ≤ r):

  * We leave in the tree only vertices whose values ​​range from l to r. 
  * The value of the function will be the number of connected components in the new graph. 



Your task is to calculate the following sum: $$$∑_{l=1}^{n} ∑_{r=l}^{n} f(l, r) $$$

Input

The first line contains a single integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 10^5) — the number of vertices in the tree.

The second line contains n integers a_1, a_2, …, a_n (1 ≤ a_i ≤ n) — the values of the vertices.

Output

Print one number — the answer to the problem.

Examples

Input


3
2 1 3


Output


7

Input


4
2 1 1 3


Output


11

Input


10
1 5 2 5 5 3 10 6 5 1


Output


104

Note

In the first example, the function values ​​will be as follows: 

  * f(1, 1)=1 (there is only a vertex with the number 2, which forms one component) 
  * f(1, 2)=1 (there are vertices 1 and 2 that form one component) 
  * f(1, 3)=1 (all vertices remain, one component is obtained) 
  * f(2, 2)=1 (only vertex number 1) 
  * f(2, 3)=2 (there are vertices 1 and 3 that form two components) 
  * f(3, 3)=1 (only vertex 3) 

Totally out 7.

In the second example, the function values ​​will be as follows: 

  * f(1, 1)=1 
  * f(1, 2)=1 
  * f(1, 3)=1 
  * f(1, 4)=1 
  * f(2, 2)=1 
  * f(2, 3)=2 
  * f(2, 4)=2 
  * f(3, 3)=1 
  * f(3, 4)=1 
  * f(4, 4)=0 (there is no vertex left, so the number of components is 0) 

Totally out 11.


import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Random;

public class CFContest {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        boolean local = System.getProperty("ONLINE_JUDGE") == null;
        boolean async = false;

        Charset charset = Charset.forName("ascii");

        FastIO io = local ? new FastIO(new FileInputStream("D:\\DATABASE\\TESTCASE\\Code.in"), System.out, charset) : new FastIO(System.in, System.out, charset);
        Task task = new Task(io, new Debug(local));

        if (async) {
            Thread t = new Thread(null, task, "dalt", 1 << 27);
            t.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);
            t.start();
            t.join();
        } else {
            task.run();
        }

        if (local) {
            io.cache.append("\n\n--memory -- \n" + ((Runtime.getRuntime().totalMemory() - Runtime.getRuntime().freeMemory()) >> 20) + "M");
        }

        io.flush();
    }

    public static class Task implements Runnable {
        final FastIO io;
        final Debug debug;
        int inf = (int) 1e8;
        int mod = (int) 1e9 + 7;

        public int mod(int val) {
            val %= mod;
            if (val < 0) {
                val += mod;
            }
            return val;
        }

        public int mod(long val) {
            val %= mod;
            if (val < 0) {
                val += mod;
            }
            return (int) val;
        }

        int bitAt(int x, int i) {
            return (x >> i) & 1;
        }

        int bitAt(long x, int i) {
            return (int) ((x >> i) & 1);
        }

        public Task(FastIO io, Debug debug) {
            this.io = io;
            this.debug = debug;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            solve();
        }

        public void solve() {
            int n = io.readInt();

            int last = 0;
            long total = 0;
            for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
                int a = io.readInt();
                if (a >= last) {
                    total += (long) (a - last) * (n - a + 1);
                } else {
                    total += (long) a * (last - a);
                }
                last = a;
            }

            io.cache.append(total);
        }

    }

    public static class Segment implements Cloneable {
        Segment left;
        Segment right;
        int cnt;

        public static Segment build(int l, int r) {
            Segment segment = new Segment();
            segment.left = segment.right = segment;
            return segment;
        }

        public static boolean checkOutOfRange(int ll, int rr, int l, int r) {
            return ll > r || rr < l;
        }

        public static boolean checkCoverage(int ll, int rr, int l, int r) {
            return ll <= l && rr >= r;
        }

        public static void update(int ll, int rr, int l, int r, Segment segment) {
            if (checkOutOfRange(ll, rr, l, r)) {
                return;
            }
            if (checkCoverage(ll, rr, l, r)) {
                return;
            }
            int m = (l + r) >> 1;

            segment.pushDown();
            update(ll, rr, l, m, segment.left);
            update(ll, rr, m + 1, r, segment.right);
            segment.pushUp();
        }

        public static Segment updatePersistently(int ll, int rr, int l, int r, Segment segment) {
            if (checkOutOfRange(ll, rr, l, r)) {
                return segment;
            }
            segment = segment.clone();
            if (checkCoverage(ll, rr, l, r)) {
                segment.cnt++;
                return segment;
            }

            int m = (l + r) >> 1;

            segment.pushDown();
            segment.left = updatePersistently(ll, rr, l, m, segment.left);
            segment.right = updatePersistently(ll, rr, m + 1, r, segment.right);
            segment.pushUp();
            return segment;
        }

        public static void query(int ll, int rr, int l, int r, Segment segment) {
            if (checkOutOfRange(ll, rr, l, r)) {
                return;
            }
            if (checkCoverage(ll, rr, l, r)) {
                return;
            }
            int m = (l + r) >> 1;

            segment.pushDown();
            query(ll, rr, l, m, segment.left);
            query(ll, rr, m + 1, r, segment.right);
        }

        public static int floor(int l, int r, Segment old, Segment now, int v) {
            if (l > v || now.cnt <= old.cnt) {
                return -1;
            }
            if (l == r) {
                return l;
            }
            int m = (l + r) >> 1;
            int res = -1;
            if (now.right.cnt > old.right.cnt) {
                res = floor(m + 1, r, old.right, now.right, v);
            }

            if (res == -1) {
                res = floor(l, m, old.left, now.left, v);
            }
            return res;
        }

        public static int ceil(int l, int r, Segment old, Segment now, int v) {
            if (r < v || now.cnt <= old.cnt) {
                return -1;
            }
            if (l == r) {
                return l;
            }
            int m = (l + r) >> 1;
            int res = -1;
            if (now.left.cnt > old.left.cnt) {
                res = ceil(l, m, old.left, now.left, v);
            }
            if (res == -1) {
                res = ceil(m + 1, r, old.right, now.right, v);
            }
            return res;
        }

        public void pushDown() {
        }

        public void pushUp() {
            cnt = left.cnt + right.cnt;
        }

        @Override
        public Segment clone() {
            try {
                return (Segment) super.clone();
            } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        }
    }


    public static class FastIO {
        public final StringBuilder cache = new StringBuilder();
        private final InputStream is;
        private final OutputStream os;
        private final Charset charset;
        private StringBuilder defaultStringBuf = new StringBuilder(1 << 8);
        private byte[] buf = new byte[1 << 13];
        private int bufLen;
        private int bufOffset;
        private int next;

        public FastIO(InputStream is, OutputStream os, Charset charset) {
            this.is = is;
            this.os = os;
            this.charset = charset;
        }

        public FastIO(InputStream is, OutputStream os) {
            this(is, os, Charset.forName("ascii"));
        }

        private int read() {
            while (bufLen == bufOffset) {
                bufOffset = 0;
                try {
                    bufLen = is.read(buf);
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
                if (bufLen == -1) {
                    return -1;
                }
            }
            return buf[bufOffset++];
        }

        public void skipBlank() {
            while (next >= 0 && next <= 32) {
                next = read();
            }
        }

        public int readInt() {
            int sign = 1;

            skipBlank();
            if (next == '+' || next == '-') {
                sign = next == '+' ? 1 : -1;
                next = read();
            }

            int val = 0;
            if (sign == 1) {
                while (next >= '0' && next <= '9') {
                    val = val * 10 + next - '0';
                    next = read();
                }
            } else {
                while (next >= '0' && next <= '9') {
                    val = val * 10 - next + '0';
                    next = read();
                }
            }

            return val;
        }

        public long readLong() {
            int sign = 1;

            skipBlank();
            if (next == '+' || next == '-') {
                sign = next == '+' ? 1 : -1;
                next = read();
            }

            long val = 0;
            if (sign == 1) {
                while (next >= '0' && next <= '9') {
                    val = val * 10 + next - '0';
                    next = read();
                }
            } else {
                while (next >= '0' && next <= '9') {
                    val = val * 10 - next + '0';
                    next = read();
                }
            }

            return val;
        }

        public double readDouble() {
            boolean sign = true;
            skipBlank();
            if (next == '+' || next == '-') {
                sign = next == '+';
                next = read();
            }

            long val = 0;
            while (next >= '0' && next <= '9') {
                val = val * 10 + next - '0';
                next = read();
            }
            if (next != '.') {
                return sign ? val : -val;
            }
            next = read();
            long radix = 1;
            long point = 0;
            while (next >= '0' && next <= '9') {
                point = point * 10 + next - '0';
                radix = radix * 10;
                next = read();
            }
            double result = val + (double) point / radix;
            return sign ? result : -result;
        }

        public String readString(StringBuilder builder) {
            skipBlank();

            while (next > 32) {
                builder.append((char) next);
                next = read();
            }

            return builder.toString();
        }

        public String readString() {
            defaultStringBuf.setLength(0);
            return readString(defaultStringBuf);
        }

        public int readLine(char[] data, int offset) {
            int originalOffset = offset;
            while (next != -1 && next != '\n') {
                data[offset++] = (char) next;
                next = read();
            }
            return offset - originalOffset;
        }

        public int readString(char[] data, int offset) {
            skipBlank();

            int originalOffset = offset;
            while (next > 32) {
                data[offset++] = (char) next;
                next = read();
            }

            return offset - originalOffset;
        }

        public int readString(byte[] data, int offset) {
            skipBlank();

            int originalOffset = offset;
            while (next > 32) {
                data[offset++] = (byte) next;
                next = read();
            }

            return offset - originalOffset;
        }

        public char readChar() {
            skipBlank();
            char c = (char) next;
            next = read();
            return c;
        }

        public void flush() {
            try {
                os.write(cache.toString().getBytes(charset));
                os.flush();
                cache.setLength(0);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        }

        public boolean hasMore() {
            skipBlank();
            return next != -1;
        }
    }

    public static class Debug {
        private boolean allowDebug;

        public Debug(boolean allowDebug) {
            this.allowDebug = allowDebug;
        }

        public void assertTrue(boolean flag) {
            if (!allowDebug) {
                return;
            }
            if (!flag) {
                fail();
            }
        }

        public void fail() {
            throw new RuntimeException();
        }

        public void assertFalse(boolean flag) {
            if (!allowDebug) {
                return;
            }
            if (flag) {
                fail();
            }
        }

        private void outputName(String name) {
            System.out.print(name + " = ");
        }

        public void debug(String name, int x) {
            if (!allowDebug) {
                return;
            }

            outputName(name);
            System.out.println("" + x);
        }

        public void debug(String name, long x) {
            if (!allowDebug) {
                return;
            }
            outputName(name);
            System.out.println("" + x);
        }

        public void debug(String name, double x) {
            if (!allowDebug) {
                return;
            }
            outputName(name);
            System.out.println("" + x);
        }

        public void debug(String name, int[] x) {
            if (!allowDebug) {
                return;
            }
            outputName(name);
            System.out.println(Arrays.toString(x));
        }

        public void debug(String name, long[] x) {
            if (!allowDebug) {
                return;
            }
            outputName(name);
            System.out.println(Arrays.toString(x));
        }

        public void debug(String name, double[] x) {
            if (!allowDebug) {
                return;
            }
            outputName(name);
            System.out.println(Arrays.toString(x));
        }

        public void debug(String name, Object x) {
            if (!allowDebug) {
                return;
            }
            outputName(name);
            System.out.println("" + x);
        }

        public void debug(String name, Object... x) {
            if (!allowDebug) {
                return;
            }
            outputName(name);
            System.out.println(Arrays.deepToString(x));
        }
    }

    public static class Randomized {
        static Random random = new Random(12345678);

        public static double nextDouble(double min, double max) {
            return random.nextDouble() * (max - min) + min;
        }

        public static void randomizedArray(int[] data, int from, int to) {
            to--;
            for (int i = from; i <= to; i++) {
                int s = nextInt(i, to);
                int tmp = data[i];
                data[i] = data[s];
                data[s] = tmp;
            }
        }

        public static void randomizedArray(long[] data, int from, int to) {
            to--;
            for (int i = from; i <= to; i++) {
                int s = nextInt(i, to);
                long tmp = data[i];
                data[i] = data[s];
                data[s] = tmp;
            }
        }

        public static void randomizedArray(double[] data, int from, int to) {
            to--;
            for (int i = from; i <= to; i++) {
                int s = nextInt(i, to);
                double tmp = data[i];
                data[i] = data[s];
                data[s] = tmp;
            }
        }

        public static void randomizedArray(float[] data, int from, int to) {
            to--;
            for (int i = from; i <= to; i++) {
                int s = nextInt(i, to);
                float tmp = data[i];
                data[i] = data[s];
                data[s] = tmp;
            }
        }

        public static <T> void randomizedArray(T[] data, int from, int to) {
            to--;
            for (int i = from; i <= to; i++) {
                int s = nextInt(i, to);
                T tmp = data[i];
                data[i] = data[s];
                data[s] = tmp;
            }
        }

        public static int nextInt(int l, int r) {
            return random.nextInt(r - l + 1) + l;
        }
    }

    public static class Mathematics {

        public static int ceilPowerOf2(int x) {
            return 32 - Integer.numberOfLeadingZeros(x - 1);
        }

        public static int floorPowerOf2(int x) {
            return 31 - Integer.numberOfLeadingZeros(x);
        }

        public static long modmul(long a, long b, long mod) {
            return b == 0 ? 0 : ((modmul(a, b >> 1, mod) << 1) % mod + a * (b & 1)) % mod;
        }

        /**
         * Get the greatest common divisor of a and b
         */
        public static int gcd(int a, int b) {
            return a >= b ? gcd0(a, b) : gcd0(b, a);
        }

        private static int gcd0(int a, int b) {
            return b == 0 ? a : gcd0(b, a % b);
        }

        public static int extgcd(int a, int b, int[] coe) {
            if (a >= b) {
                return extgcd0(a, b, coe);
            } else {
                int g = extgcd0(b, a, coe);
                int tmp = coe[0];
                coe[0] = coe[1];
                coe[1] = tmp;
                return g;
            }
        }

        private static int extgcd0(int a, int b, int[] coe) {
            if (b == 0) {
                coe[0] = 1;
                coe[1] = 0;
                return a;
            }
            int g = extgcd0(b, a % b, coe);
            int n = coe[0];
            int m = coe[1];
            coe[0] = m;
            coe[1] = n - m * (a / b);
            return g;
        }

        /**
         * Get the greatest common divisor of a and b
         */
        public static long gcd(long a, long b) {
            return a >= b ? gcd0(a, b) : gcd0(b, a);
        }

        private static long gcd0(long a, long b) {
            return b == 0 ? a : gcd0(b, a % b);
        }

        public static long extgcd(long a, long b, long[] coe) {
            if (a >= b) {
                return extgcd0(a, b, coe);
            } else {
                long g = extgcd0(b, a, coe);
                long tmp = coe[0];
                coe[0] = coe[1];
                coe[1] = tmp;
                return g;
            }
        }

        private static long extgcd0(long a, long b, long[] coe) {
            if (b == 0) {
                coe[0] = 1;
                coe[1] = 0;
                return a;
            }
            long g = extgcd0(b, a % b, coe);
            long n = coe[0];
            long m = coe[1];
            coe[0] = m;
            coe[1] = n - m * (a / b);
            return g;
        }

        /**
         * Get y where x * y = 1 (% mod)
         */
        public static int inverse(int x, int mod) {
            return pow(x, mod - 2, mod);
        }

        /**
         * Get x^n(% mod)
         */
        public static int pow(int x, int n, int mod) {
            int bit = 31 - Integer.numberOfLeadingZeros(n);
            long product = 1;
            for (; bit >= 0; bit--) {
                product = product * product % mod;
                if (((1 << bit) & n) != 0) {
                    product = product * x % mod;
                }
            }
            return (int) product;
        }

        public static long longpow(long x, long n, long mod) {
            if (n == 0) {
                return 1;
            }
            long prod = longpow(x, n >> 1, mod);
            prod = modmul(prod, prod, mod);
            if ((n & 1) == 1) {
                prod = modmul(prod, x, mod);
            }
            return prod;
        }

        /**
         * Get x % mod
         */
        public static int mod(int x, int mod) {
            x %= mod;
            if (x < 0) {
                x += mod;
            }
            return x;
        }

        public static int mod(long x, int mod) {
            x %= mod;
            if (x < 0) {
                x += mod;
            }
            return (int) x;
        }

        /**
         * Get n!/(n-m)!
         */
        public static long permute(int n, int m) {
            return m == 0 ? 1 : n * permute(n - 1, m - 1);
        }

        /**
         * Put all primes less or equal to limit into primes after offset
         */
        public static int eulerSieve(int limit, int[] primes, int offset) {
            boolean[] isComp = new boolean[limit + 1];
            int wpos = offset;
            for (int i = 2; i <= limit; i++) {
                if (!isComp[i]) {
                    primes[wpos++] = i;
                }
                for (int j = offset, until = limit / i; j < wpos && primes[j] <= until; j++) {
                    int pi = primes[j] * i;
                    isComp[pi] = true;
                    if (i % primes[j] == 0) {
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
            return wpos - offset;
        }

        /**
         * Round x into integer
         */
        public static int intRound(double x) {
            if (x < 0) {
                return -(int) (-x + 0.5);
            }
            return (int) (x + 0.5);
        }

        /**
         * Round x into long
         */
        public static long longRound(double x) {
            if (x < 0) {
                return -(long) (-x + 0.5);
            }
            return (long) (x + 0.5);
        }
    }
}
