/* package codechef; // don't place package name! */

import java.util.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.math.*;

/* Name of the class has to be "Main" only if the class is public. */
public class Try
{
	
	public static void main (String[] args) throws IOException
	{
		  Reader s=new Reader();
		  BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
		  PrintWriter pt=new PrintWriter(System.out);
		  int T=s.nextInt();
		  while(T-->0)
		  {
			  int n=s.nextInt();
			  int m=s.nextInt();
			  int g=(n-m)/(m+1);
			  int ggp1=g==0?n-m:(n-m)%g;//no. of groups with size g+1
			  int ggp=m+1-ggp1;//no. of groups with size g
			  if(g==0)
				  pt.println(n*(n-1)/2+n-ggp1);
			  else
				  pt.println(n*(n-1)/2+n-(ggp*g*(g-1)/2+ggp1*g*(g+1)/2+(n-m)));
			  
			  
			  
			  
		  }
		pt.close();
	}
	static long maxabs(long[] arr)
	{
		long max=Integer.MIN_VALUE;
		for(int i=1;i<arr.length;i++)
		{
			max=Math.max(Math.abs(arr[i]-arr[i-1]), max);
		}
		return max;
	}
	static void replace(long arr[], long n)
	{
		for(int i=0;i<arr.length;i++)
			if(arr[i]==-1)
				arr[i]=n;
	}
	static boolean isPerfectSquare(long l)
	{
		return Math.pow((long)Math.sqrt(l),2)==l;
	}
	
	
	void merge(int arr[], int l, int m, int r) 
    { 
        // Find sizes of two subarrays to be merged 
        int n1 = m - l + 1; 
        int n2 = r - m; 
  
        /* Create temp arrays */
        int L[] = new int [n1]; 
        int R[] = new int [n2]; 
  
        /*Copy data to temp arrays*/
        for (int i=0; i<n1; ++i) 
            L[i] = arr[l + i]; 
        for (int j=0; j<n2; ++j) 
            R[j] = arr[m + 1+ j]; 
  
  
        /* Merge the temp arrays */
  
        // Initial indexes of first and second subarrays 
        int i = 0, j = 0; 
  
        // Initial index of merged subarry array 
        int k = l; 
        while (i < n1 && j < n2) 
        { 
            if (L[i] <= R[j]) 
            { 
                arr[k] = L[i]; 
                i++; 
            } 
            else
            { 
                arr[k] = R[j]; 
                j++; 
            } 
            k++; 
        } 
  
        /* Copy remaining elements of L[] if any */
        while (i < n1) 
        { 
            arr[k] = L[i]; 
            i++; 
            k++; 
        } 
  
        /* Copy remaining elements of R[] if any */
        while (j < n2) 
        { 
            arr[k] = R[j]; 
            j++; 
            k++; 
        } 
    } 
  
    // Main function that sorts arr[l..r] using 
    // merge() 
    void sort(int arr[], int l, int r) 
    { 
        if (l < r) 
        { 
            // Find the middle point 
            int m = (l+r)/2; 
  
            // Sort first and second halves 
            sort(arr, l, m); 
            sort(arr , m+1, r); 
  
            // Merge the sorted halves 
            merge(arr, l, m, r); 
        } 
    } 
    static class Pair implements Comparable<Pair>{
        int a;
        int b;
        Pair(int a,int b){
            this.a=a;
 
            this.b=b;
        }   
        public int compareTo(Pair p){
            if(a>p.a)
                return 1;
            if(a==p.a)
                return (b-p.b);
            return -1;
        }
    }
	static class Reader 
    { 
        final private int BUFFER_SIZE = 1 << 16; 
        private DataInputStream din; 
        private byte[] buffer; 
        private int bufferPointer, bytesRead; 
  
        public Reader() 
        { 
            din = new DataInputStream(System.in); 
            buffer = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE]; 
            bufferPointer = bytesRead = 0; 
        } 
  
        public Reader(String file_name) throws IOException 
        { 
            din = new DataInputStream(new FileInputStream(file_name)); 
            buffer = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE]; 
            bufferPointer = bytesRead = 0; 
        } 
  
        public String readLine() throws IOException 
        { 
            byte[] buf = new byte[64]; // line length 
            int cnt = 0, c; 
            while ((c = read()) != -1) 
            { 
                if (c == '\n') 
                    break; 
                buf[cnt++] = (byte) c; 
            } 
            return new String(buf, 0, cnt); 
        } 
  
        public int nextInt() throws IOException 
        { 
            int ret = 0; 
            byte c = read(); 
            while (c <= ' ') 
                c = read(); 
            boolean neg = (c == '-'); 
            if (neg) 
                c = read(); 
            do
            { 
                ret = ret * 10 + c - '0'; 
            }  while ((c = read()) >= '0' && c <= '9'); 
  
            if (neg) 
                return -ret; 
            return ret; 
        } 
  
        public long nextLong() throws IOException 
        { 
            long ret = 0; 
            byte c = read(); 
            while (c <= ' ') 
                c = read(); 
            boolean neg = (c == '-'); 
            if (neg) 
                c = read(); 
            do { 
                ret = ret * 10 + c - '0'; 
            } 
            while ((c = read()) >= '0' && c <= '9'); 
            if (neg) 
                return -ret; 
            return ret; 
        } 
  
        public double nextDouble() throws IOException 
        { 
            double ret = 0, div = 1; 
            byte c = read(); 
            while (c <= ' ') 
                c = read(); 
            boolean neg = (c == '-'); 
            if (neg) 
                c = read(); 
  
            do { 
                ret = ret * 10 + c - '0'; 
            } 
            while ((c = read()) >= '0' && c <= '9'); 
  
            if (c == '.') 
            { 
                while ((c = read()) >= '0' && c <= '9') 
                { 
                    ret += (c - '0') / (div *= 10); 
                } 
            } 
  
            if (neg) 
                return -ret; 
            return ret; 
        } 
  
        private void fillBuffer() throws IOException 
        { 
            bytesRead = din.read(buffer, bufferPointer = 0, BUFFER_SIZE); 
            if (bytesRead == -1) 
                buffer[0] = -1; 
        } 
  
        private byte read() throws IOException 
        { 
            if (bufferPointer == bytesRead) 
                fillBuffer(); 
            return buffer[bufferPointer++]; 
        } 
  
        public void close() throws IOException 
        { 
            if (din == null) 
                return; 
            din.close(); 
        } 
    } 
}