import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class Main {
	private static final int MOD = 1000000007;

	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
		char[] s = sc.next().toCharArray();

		Map<Character, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();
		for (char c = 'a'; c <= 'z'; c++) {
			map.put(c, 0);
		}
		for (char c : s) {
			map.computeIfPresent(c, (x, value) -> value + 1);
		}
		debug(map);
		int count = 0;
		for (char c : s) {
			if (map.get(c) % 2 == 1) {
				map.computeIfPresent(c, (x, value) -> value - 1);
				count++;
			}
		}
		System.out.println(Math.max(count, 1));
	}

	private static boolean isDebug = System.getProperty("sun.desktop") != null;

	private static void debug(Object... o) {
		if (isDebug) {
			System.err.println(Arrays.deepToString(o));
		}
	}

	public static class Scanner {
		private BufferedInputStream inputStream;

		public Scanner(InputStream in) {
			inputStream = new BufferedInputStream(in);
		}

		public int nextInt() throws IOException {
			int num = 0;

			int read = skip();
			do {
				num = num * 10 + (read - 0x30);
			} while ((read = inputStream.read()) > 0x20);

			return num;
		}

		public void fill(int[] a) throws IOException {
			for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
				a[i] = nextInt();
			}
		}

		public void fill(int[] a, int[] b) throws IOException {
			if (a.length != b.length) {
				throw new IllegalArgumentException();
			}

			for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
				a[i] = nextInt();
				b[i] = nextInt();
			}
		}

		public long nextLong() throws IOException {
			long num = 0;

			int read = skip();
			do {
				num = num * 10 + (read - 0x30);
			} while ((read = inputStream.read()) > 0x20);

			return num;
		}

		public void fill(long[] a) throws IOException {
			for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
				a[i] = nextLong();
			}
		}

		public void fill(long[] a, long[] b) throws IOException {
			if (a.length != b.length) {
				throw new IllegalArgumentException();
			}

			for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
				a[i] = nextLong();
				b[i] = nextLong();
			}
		}

		public long[] nextLong(int n) throws IOException {
			long[] array = new long[n];
			for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
				array[i] = nextLong();
			}

			return array;
		}

		public String next() throws IOException {
			StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();

			int read = skip();
			do {
				builder.append((char) read);
			} while ((read = inputStream.read()) > 0x20);

			return builder.toString();
		}

		private int skip() throws IOException {
			int read;
			while ((read = inputStream.read()) <= 0x20)
				;

			return read;
		}
	}
}