Cengiz recently learned Fibonacci numbers and now he is studying different algorithms to find them. After getting bored of reading them, he came with his own new type of numbers that he named XORinacci numbers. He defined them as follows: 

  * f(0) = a; 
  * f(1) = b; 
  * f(n) = f(n-1) ⊕ f(n-2) when n > 1, where ⊕ denotes the [bitwise XOR operation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation#XOR). 



You are given three integers a, b, and n, calculate f(n).

You have to answer for T independent test cases.

Input

The input contains one or more independent test cases.

The first line of input contains a single integer T (1 ≤ T ≤ 10^3), the number of test cases.

Each of the T following lines contains three space-separated integers a, b, and n (0 ≤ a, b, n ≤ 10^9) respectively.

Output

For each test case, output f(n).

Example

Input


3
3 4 2
4 5 0
325 265 1231232


Output


7
4
76

Note

In the first example, f(2) = f(0) ⊕ f(1) = 3 ⊕ 4 = 7.
10
669924290 408119795 804030560
663737793 250734602 29671646
431160679 146708815 289491233
189259304 606497663 379372476
707829111 49504411 81710658
54555019 65618101 626948607
578351356 288589794 974275296
400531973 205638174 323247740
219131617 178762989 799964854
825160173 502080627 608216046
 10
0 0 1000000000
1002 2003 36523
233 5656 898989
0 2352 0
21132 23256 2323256
12313 454878 11000
1213 0 21
11 1 1
1 1 98532
1000000000 1000000000 1000000000
 2
168342 440469 517112
841620 806560 140538
 1
25369 85223 58963241
 1
1 2 3

1069371953
696139211
286024744
189259304
707829111
54555019
578351356
463366171
178762989
825160173
 0
2003
233
0
2132
442567
1213
1
1
1000000000
 272643
841620
 77822
 1

import java.io.*;
import java.math.*;
import java.util.*;

public class test {

	static int INF = 1000000007;

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		int test = fs.nextInt();
//		int test = 1;
		for (int cases = 0; cases < test; cases++) {
			long a = fs.nextLong();
			long b = fs.nextLong();
			long n = fs.nextLong();
			long c = a ^ b;
			if (n % 3 == 0) {
				System.out.println(a);
			} else if (n % 3 == 1) {
				System.out.println(b);
			} else {
				System.out.println(c);
			}
		}

	}

	static int countplz(HashMap<Character, Integer> hm1, HashMap<Character, Integer> hm2) {
		int count = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
		HashMap<Character, Integer> t = new HashMap<>(hm2);
		Set<Character> set = t.keySet();
		for (Character character : set) {
			if (hm1.get(character) == null) {
				count = 0;
				break;
			} else {
				count = Integer.min(count, hm1.get(character) / t.get(character));
			}
		}
		return count;
	}

	static class CPair {
		char x;
		int y;

		CPair(char x, int y) {
			this.x = x;
			this.y = y;
		}
	}

	static class LongPair {
		long first;
		long second;

		LongPair(long a, long b) {
			this.first = a;
			this.second = b;
		}

	}

	static long power(long x, long y, long p) {
		long res = 1;
		x = x % p;
		while (y > 0) {
			if (y % 2 == 1)
				res = (res * x) % p;
			y = y >> 1;
			x = (x * x) % p;
		}
		return res;
	}

	static long modInverse(long n, long p) {
		return power(n, p - 2, p);
	}

	static long nCrModPFermat(long n, long r, long p) {
		long ans1 = 1;
		long i = n;
		long k = r;
		while (k > 0) {
			ans1 = mul(ans1, i, p);
			i--;
			k--;
		}
		long ans2 = 1;
		while (r > 0) {
			ans2 = mul(ans2, r, p);
			r--;
		}
		r = modInverse(ans2, p);
		ans1 = mul(ans1, r, p);
		return ans1;
	}

	static long facCalc(long total) {
		long ans = 1;
		for (long i = 2; i <= total; i++) {
			ans = mul(ans, i, INF);
		}
		return ans;
	}

	static long mul(long a, long b, long p) {
		return ((a % p) * (b % p)) % p;
	}

	static void sieve() {
		boolean prime[] = new boolean[101];
		Arrays.fill(prime, true);
		prime[1] = false;
		for (int i = 2; i * i <= prime.length - 1; i++) {
			for (int j = i * i; j <= prime.length - 1; j += i) {
				prime[j] = false;
			}
		}
	}

	public static int[] radixSort(int[] f) {
		return radixSort(f, f.length);
	}

	public static int[] radixSort(int[] f, int n) {
		int[] to = new int[n];
		{
			int[] b = new int[65537];
			for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
				b[1 + (f[i] & 0xffff)]++;
			for (int i = 1; i <= 65536; i++)
				b[i] += b[i - 1];
			for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
				to[b[f[i] & 0xffff]++] = f[i];
			int[] d = f;
			f = to;
			to = d;
		}
		{
			int[] b = new int[65537];
			for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
				b[1 + (f[i] >>> 16)]++;
			for (int i = 1; i <= 65536; i++)
				b[i] += b[i - 1];
			for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
				to[b[f[i] >>> 16]++] = f[i];
			int[] d = f;
			f = to;
			to = d;
		}
		return f;
	}

	static void printArray(int ar[]) {
		System.out.println(Arrays.toString(ar));
	}

	static class Pair {
		int first, second;

		public Pair(int first, int second) {
			this.first = first;
			this.second = second;
		}

	}

	static class Pair2 {
		int first;
		Pair second;

		public Pair2(int first, Pair second) {
			this.first = first;
			this.second = second;
		}

	}

	static long expmodulo(long a, long b, long c) {
		long x = 1;
		long y = a;
		while (b > 0) {
			if (b % 2 == 1) {
				x = (x * y) % c;
			}
			y = (y * y) % c; // squaring the base
			b /= 2;
		}
		return (long) x % c;
	}

	// static int modInverse(int a, int m) {
	// int m0 = m;
	// int y = 0, x = 1;
	//
	// if (m == 1)
	// return 0;
	//
	// while (a > 1) {
	// int q = a / m;
	// int t = m;
	// m = a % m;
	// a = t;
	// t = y;
	// y = x - q * y;
	// x = t;
	// }
	// if (x < 0)
	// x += m0;
	// return x;
	// }

	static int gcd(int a, int b) {
		if (b == 0)
			return a;
		return gcd(b, a % b);
	}

	static void sortMyMapusingValues(HashMap<Integer, Integer> hm) {

		List<Map.Entry<Integer, Integer>> capitalList = new LinkedList<>(hm.entrySet());

		Collections.sort(capitalList, new Comparator<Map.Entry<Integer, Integer>>() {
			public int compare(Map.Entry<Integer, Integer> o1, Map.Entry<Integer, Integer> o2) {
				return (o1.getValue()).compareTo(o2.getValue());
			}
		});
		HashMap<Integer, Integer> result = new HashMap<>();
		for (Map.Entry<Integer, Integer> entry : capitalList) {
			result.put(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
		}
	}

	static boolean ispowerof2(long num) {
		if ((num & (num - 1)) == 0)
			return true;
		return false;
	}

	static void primeFactors(int n) {
		while (n % 2 == 0) {
			System.out.print(2 + " ");
			n /= 2;
		}
		for (int i = 3; i <= Math.sqrt(n); i += 2) {
			while (n % i == 0) {
				System.out.print(i + " ");
				n /= i;
			}
		}
		if (n > 2)
			System.out.print(n);
	}

	static boolean isPrime(long n) {
		// Corner cases
		if (n <= 1)
			return false;
		if (n <= 3)
			return true;
		if (n % 2 == 0 || n % 3 == 0)
			return false;

		long sq = (long) Math.sqrt(n);
		for (int i = 5; i <= sq; i = i + 6)
			if (n % i == 0 || n % (i + 2) == 0)
				return false;

		return true;
	}

	static class Graph {
		HashMap<Integer, LinkedList<Integer>> hm = new HashMap<Integer, LinkedList<Integer>>();

		private void addVertex(int vertex) {
			hm.put(vertex, new LinkedList<>());
		}

		private void addEdge(int source, int dest, boolean bi) {
			if (!hm.containsKey(source))
				addVertex(source);
			if (!hm.containsKey(dest))
				addVertex(dest);
			hm.get(source).add(dest);
			if (bi) {
				hm.get(dest).add(source);
			}
		}

		private boolean uniCycle(int i, HashSet<Integer> visited, int parent) {
			visited.add(i);
			LinkedList<Integer> list = hm.get(i);
			Iterator<Integer> it = list.iterator();
			while (it.hasNext()) {
				Integer integer = (Integer) it.next();
				if (!visited.contains(integer)) {
					if (uniCycle(integer, visited, i))
						return true;
				} else if (integer != parent) {
					return true;
				}
			}
			return false;
		}

		private boolean uniCyclic() {
			HashSet<Integer> visited = new HashSet<Integer>();
			Set<Integer> set = hm.keySet();
			for (Integer integer : set) {
				if (!visited.contains(integer)) {
					if (uniCycle(integer, visited, -1)) {
						return true;
					}
				}
			}
			return false;
		}

		private boolean isbiCycle(int i, HashSet<Integer> visited, HashSet<Integer> countered) {
			if (countered.contains(i))
				return true;
			if (visited.contains(i))
				return false;
			visited.add(i);
			countered.add(i);
			LinkedList<Integer> list = hm.get(i);
			Iterator<Integer> it = list.iterator();
			while (it.hasNext()) {
				Integer integer = (Integer) it.next();
				if (isbiCycle(integer, visited, countered)) {
					return true;
				}
			}
			countered.remove(i);
			return false;
		}

		Boolean isReachable(int s, int d, int k) {
			if (hm.isEmpty()) {
				return false;
			}
			LinkedList<Integer> temp;
			boolean visited[] = new boolean[k];
			LinkedList<Integer> queue = new LinkedList<Integer>();
			visited[s] = true;
			queue.add(s);
			Iterator<Integer> i;
			while (queue.size() != 0) {
				s = queue.poll();
				int n;
				i = hm.get(s).listIterator();

				// Get all adjacent vertices of the dequeued vertex s
				// If a adjacent has not been visited, then mark it
				// visited and enqueue it
				while (i.hasNext()) {
					n = i.next();

					// If this adjacent node is the destination node,
					// then return true
					if (n == d)
						return true;

					// Else, continue to do BFS
					if (!visited[n]) {
						visited[n] = true;
						queue.add(n);
					}
				}
			}

			// If BFS is complete without visited d
			return false;
		}

		private boolean isbiCyclic() {
			HashSet<Integer> visited = new HashSet<Integer>();
			HashSet<Integer> countered = new HashSet<Integer>();
			Set<Integer> set = hm.keySet();
			for (Integer integer : set) {
				if (isbiCycle(integer, visited, countered)) {
					return true;
				}
			}
			return false;
		}
	}

	static class Node {
		Node left, right;
		int data;

		public Node(int data) {
			this.data = data;
		}

		public void insert(int val) {
			if (val <= data) {
				if (left == null) {
					left = new Node(val);
				} else {
					left.insert(val);
				}
			} else {
				if (right == null) {
					right = new Node(val);
				} else {
					right.insert(val);
				}
			}
		}

		public boolean contains(int val) {
			if (data == val) {
				return true;
			} else if (val < data) {
				if (left == null) {
					return false;
				} else {
					return left.contains(val);
				}
			} else {
				if (right == null) {
					return false;
				} else {
					return right.contains(val);
				}
			}
		}

		public void inorder() {
			if (left != null) {
				left.inorder();
			}
			System.out.print(data + " ");
			if (right != null) {
				right.inorder();
			}
		}

		public int maxDepth() {
			if (left == null)
				return 0;
			if (right == null)
				return 0;
			else {
				int ll = left.maxDepth();
				int rr = right.maxDepth();
				if (ll > rr)
					return (ll + 1);
				else
					return (rr + 1);
			}
		}

		public int countNodes() {
			if (left == null)
				return 1;
			if (right == null)
				return 1;
			else {
				return left.countNodes() + right.countNodes() + 1;
			}
		}

		public void preorder() {
			System.out.print(data + " ");
			if (left != null) {
				left.inorder();
			}

			if (right != null) {
				right.inorder();
			}

		}

		public void postorder() {
			if (left != null) {
				left.inorder();
			}

			if (right != null) {
				right.inorder();
			}
			System.out.print(data + " ");

		}

		public void levelorder(Node node) {
			LinkedList<Node> ll = new LinkedList<Node>();
			ll.add(node);
			getorder(ll);

		}

		public void getorder(LinkedList<Node> ll) {
			while (!ll.isEmpty()) {
				Node node = ll.poll();
				System.out.print(node.data + " ");
				if (node.left != null)
					ll.add(node.left);
				if (node.right != null)
					ll.add(node.right);
			}
		}
	}

	static class FastReader {
		BufferedReader br;
		StringTokenizer st;

		public FastReader() {
			br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
		}

		String next() {
			while (st == null || !st.hasMoreElements()) {
				try {
					st = new StringTokenizer(br.readLine());
				} catch (IOException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
			return st.nextToken();
		}

		int nextInt() {
			return Integer.parseInt(next());
		}

		long nextLong() {
			return Long.parseLong(next());
		}

		double nextDouble() {
			return Double.parseDouble(next());
		}

		String nextLine() {
			String str = "";
			try {
				str = br.readLine();
			} catch (IOException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			return str;
		}
	}

	static class OutputWriter {
		private final PrintWriter writer;

		public OutputWriter(OutputStream outputStream) {
			writer = new PrintWriter(new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(outputStream)));
		}

		public OutputWriter(Writer writer) {
			this.writer = new PrintWriter(writer);
		}

		public void print(Object... objects) {
			for (int i = 0; i < objects.length; i++) {
				if (i != 0)
					writer.print(' ');
				writer.print(objects[i]);
			}
		}

		public void printLine(Object... objects) {
			print(objects);
			writer.println();
		}

		public void close() {
			writer.close();
		}

		public void flush() {
			writer.flush();
		}

	}

	private static final FastReader fs = new FastReader();
	private static final OutputWriter op = new OutputWriter(System.out);
}