The grasshopper is located on the numeric axis at the point with coordinate x_0.

Having nothing else to do he starts jumping between integer points on the axis. Making a jump from a point with coordinate x with a distance d to the left moves the grasshopper to a point with a coordinate x - d, while jumping to the right moves him to a point with a coordinate x + d.

The grasshopper is very fond of positive integers, so for each integer i starting with 1 the following holds: exactly i minutes after the start he makes a jump with a distance of exactly i. So, in the first minutes he jumps by 1, then by 2, and so on.

The direction of a jump is determined as follows: if the point where the grasshopper was before the jump has an even coordinate, the grasshopper jumps to the left, otherwise he jumps to the right.

For example, if after 18 consecutive jumps he arrives at the point with a coordinate 7, he will jump by a distance of 19 to the right, since 7 is an odd number, and will end up at a point 7 + 19 = 26. Since 26 is an even number, the next jump the grasshopper will make to the left by a distance of 20, and it will move him to the point 26 - 20 = 6.

Find exactly which point the grasshopper will be at after exactly n jumps.

Input

The first line of input contains an integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 10^4) — the number of test cases.

Each of the following t lines contains two integers x_0 (-10^{14} ≤ x_0 ≤ 10^{14}) and n (0 ≤ n ≤ 10^{14}) — the coordinate of the grasshopper's initial position and the number of jumps.

Output

Print exactly t lines. On the i-th line print one integer — the answer to the i-th test case — the coordinate of the point the grasshopper will be at after making n jumps from the point x_0.

Example

Input


9
0 1
0 2
10 10
10 99
177 13
10000000000 987654321
-433494437 87178291199
1 0
-1 1


Output


-1
1
11
110
190
9012345679
-87611785637
1
0

Note

The first two test cases in the example correspond to the first two jumps from the point x_0 = 0. 

Since 0 is an even number, the first jump of length 1 is made to the left, and the grasshopper ends up at the point 0 - 1 = -1.

Then, since -1 is an odd number, a jump of length 2 is made to the right, bringing the grasshopper to the point with coordinate -1 + 2 = 1.
9
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter; // System.out is a PrintStream
import java.util.InputMismatchException;


public class B {
    private static int MOD = (int)1e9 + 7, mod = 99_82_44_353;
    private static double PI = 3.14159265358979323846;

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        FasterScanner scn = new FasterScanner();
        PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(System.out);
        for (int tc = scn.nextInt(); tc > 0; tc--) {
            long X = scn.nextLong(), N = scn.nextLong();
            if (N == 0) {
                out.println(X);
            } else {
                if ((X & 1) == 0) X--;
                else X++;
                if (N == 1) out.println(X);
                else {
                    N--;
                    long quat = N >> 2;
                    if ((X & 1) == 0) {
                       long temp = X;
                       temp += (quat / 2) * (-4 - (quat - 1) * 4);
                       temp += (quat / 2) * (-6 - (quat - 1) * 4);
                       temp += (quat / 2) * (8 + (quat - 1) * 4);
                       temp += (quat / 2) * (10 + (quat - 1) * 4);
                       if (N % 4 >= 1) {
                            temp += -2 - quat * 4;
                       }
                       if (N % 4 >= 2) {
                            temp += -3 - quat * 4;
                       }
                       if (N % 4 >= 3) {
                            temp += 4 + quat * 4;
                       }
                       X = temp;
                    } else {
                       long temp = X;
                       temp += (quat / 2) * (4 + (quat - 1) * 4);
                       temp += (quat / 2) * (6 + (quat - 1) * 4);
                       temp += (quat / 2) * (-8 - (quat - 1) * 4);
                       temp += (quat / 2) * (-10 - (quat - 1) * 4);
                       if (N % 4 >= 1) {
                            temp += 2 + quat * 4;
                       }
                       if (N % 4 >= 2) {
                            temp += 3 + quat * 4;
                       }
                       if (N % 4 >= 3) {
                            temp += -4 - quat * 4;
                       }
                       X = temp;
                    }
                    out.println(X);
                }
            }
        }
        out.close();
    }

    /* ------------------- Sorting ------------------- */
    private static void ruffleSort(int[] arr) {
        // int N = arr.length;
        // Random rand = new Random();
        // for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
        //     int oi = rand.nextInt(N), temp = arr[i];
        //     arr[i] = arr[oi];
        //     arr[oi] = temp;
        // }
        // Arrays.sort(arr);
    }
        
    /* ------------------- Sorting ------------------- */
    
    private static boolean isPalindrome(String str) {
        for (int i = 0, j = str.length() - 1; i < j; i++, j--) {
            if (str.charAt(i) != str.charAt(j)) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }
    
    private static boolean isPalindrome(char[] str) {
        for (int i = 0, j = str.length - 1; i < j; i++, j--) {
            if (str[i] != str[j]) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }
    
    /* ------------------- Pair class ------------------- */
    private static class Pair implements Comparable<Pair> {
		int x, y;
		Pair(int x, int y) {
			this.x = x;
			this.y = y;
		}
		public int compareTo(Pair o) {
			return this.x == o.x ? this.y - o.y : this.x - o.x;
		}
	}

    /* ------------------- HCF and LCM ------------------- */
    private static int gcd(int num1, int num2) {
        int temp = 0;
        while (num2 != 0) {
            temp = num1;
            num1 = num2;
            num2 = temp % num2;
        }
        return num1;
    }
    
    private static int lcm(int num1, int num2) {
        return (int)((1L * num1 * num2) / gcd(num1, num2));
    }
    
    /* ------------------- primes and prime factorization ------------------- */
    private static boolean[] seive(int N) {
        // true means not prime, false means is a prime number :)
        boolean[] notPrimes = new boolean[N + 1];
        notPrimes[0] = notPrimes[1] = true;
        for (int i = 2; i * i <= N; i++) {
            if (notPrimes[i]) continue;
            for (int j = i * i; j <= N; j += i) {
                notPrimes[j] = true;
            }
        }
        return notPrimes;
    }

	/*
    private static TreeMap<Integer, Integer> primeFactors(long N) {
		TreeMap<Integer, Integer> primeFact = new TreeMap<>();
		for (int i = 2; i <= Math.sqrt(N); i++) {
            int count = 0;
            while (N % i == 0) {
                N /= i;
                count++;
            }
            if (count != 0) {
                primeFact.put(i, count);
            }
		}
		if (N != 1) {
            primeFact.put((int)N, 1);
        }
		return primeFact;
	}
    */

    /* ------------------- Binary Search ------------------- */
    private static long factorial(int N) {
        long ans = 1L;
        for (int i = 2; i <= N; i++) {
            ans *= i;
        }
        return ans;
    }

    private static long[] factorialDP(int N) {
        long[] factDP = new long[N + 1];
        factDP[0] = factDP[1] = 1;
        for (int i = 2; i <= N; i++) {
            factDP[i] = factDP[i - 1] * i;
        }
        return factDP;
    }

    private static long factorialMod(int N, int mod) {
        long ans = 1L;
        for (int i = 2; i <= N; i++) {
            ans = ((ans % mod) * (i % mod)) % mod;
        }
        return ans;
    }

    /* ------------------- Binary Search ------------------- */
    private static int floorSearch(int[] arr, int st, int ed, int tar) {
        int ans = -1;
        while (st <= ed) {
            int mid = ((ed - st) >> 1) + st;
            if (arr[mid] <= tar) {
                ans = mid;
                st = mid + 1;
            } else {
                ed = mid - 1;
            }
        }
        return ans;
    }
    
    private static int ceilingSearch(int[] arr, int st, int ed, int tar) {
        int ans = -1;
        while (st <= ed) {
            int mid = ((ed - st) >> 1) + st;
            if (arr[mid] < tar) {
                st = mid + 1;
            } else {
                ans = mid;
                ed = mid - 1;
            }
        }
        return ans;
    }
    
    /* ------------------- Power Function ------------------- */
    public static long pow(long x, long y) {
        long res = 1;
		while (y > 0) {
            if ((y & 1) != 0) {
                res = (res * x);
				y--;
			}
			x = (x * x);
			y >>= 1;
		}
		return res;
	}
    
	public static long powMod(long x, long y, int mod) {
        long res = 1;
		while (y > 0) {
            if ((y & 1) != 0) {
                res = (res * x) % mod;
				y--;
			}
			x = (x * x) % mod;
			y >>= 1;
		}
		return res % mod;
	}

    /* ------------------- Disjoint Set(Union and Find) ------------------- */
    private static class DSU {
		public int[] parent, rank;
		DSU(int N) {
			parent = new int[N];
			rank = new int[N];
			for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
				parent[i] = i;
                rank[i] = 1;
            }
		}
		public int find(int a) {
			if (parent[a] == a) {
				return a;
            }
            return parent[a] = find(parent[a]);
		}
		public boolean union(int a, int b) {
			int parA = find(a), parB = find(b);
			if (parA == parB) return false;
			if (rank[parA] > rank[parB]) {
                parent[parB] = parA;
            } else if (rank[parA] < rank[parB]) {
                parent[parA] = parB;
            } else {
                parent[parA] = parB;
                rank[parB]++;
            }
            return true;
		}
	}
    
    /* ------------------- Scanner class for input ------------------- */
    
    private static class FasterScanner {
		private InputStream stream;
		private byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
		private int curChar, numChars;
		private SpaceCharFilter filter;

		public FasterScanner() {
            // default
			this.stream = System.in;
		}

		public FasterScanner(InputStream stream) {
			this.stream = stream;
		}

		private int readChar() {
			if (numChars == -1) {
				throw new InputMismatchException();
            }
			if (curChar >= numChars) {
				curChar = 0;
				try {
					numChars = stream.read(buffer);
				} catch (IOException e) {
					throw new InputMismatchException(e.getMessage());
				}
				if (numChars <= 0) {
					return -1;
                }
			}
			return buffer[curChar++];
		}

		private boolean isWhiteSpace(int c) {
			if (filter != null) {
				return filter.isWhiteSpace(c);
            }
			return c == ' ' || c == '\n' || c == '\r' || c == '\t' || c == -1;
		}

		private boolean isNewLine(int ch) {
			if (filter != null) {
				return filter.isNewLine(ch);
            }
			return ch == '\r' || ch == '\n' || ch == -1;
		}

        public char nextChar() {
            int ch = readChar();
            char res = '\0';
            while (isWhiteSpace(ch)) {
                ch = readChar();
            }
            do {
                res = (char)ch;
                ch = readChar();
            } while (!isWhiteSpace(ch));
            return res;
        }

		public String next() {
			int ch = readChar();
            StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
			while (isWhiteSpace(ch)) {
				ch = readChar();
            }
			do {
				res.appendCodePoint(ch);
				ch = readChar();
			} while (!isWhiteSpace(ch));
			return res.toString();
		}

		public String nextLine() {
			int ch = readChar();
            StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
			do {
				res.appendCodePoint(ch);
				ch = readChar();
			} while (!isNewLine(ch));
			return res.toString();
		}

		public int nextInt() {
			int ch = -1, sgn = 1, res = 0;
            do {
                ch = readChar();
            } while (isWhiteSpace(ch));
			if (ch == '-') {
				sgn = -1;
				ch = readChar();
			}
			do {
				if (ch < '0' || ch > '9') {
					throw new InputMismatchException("not a number");
                }
				res = (res * 10) + (ch - '0');
				ch = readChar();
			} while (!isWhiteSpace(ch));
            
			return res * sgn;
		}

		public long nextLong() {
			int ch = -1, sgn = 1;
            long res = 0L;
            do {
                ch = readChar();
            } while (isWhiteSpace(ch));
			if (ch == '-') {
				sgn = -1;
				ch = readChar();
			}
			do {
				if (ch < '0' || ch > '9') {
					throw new InputMismatchException("not a number");
                }
				res = (10L * res) + (ch - '0');
				ch = readChar();
			} while (!isWhiteSpace(ch));

			return 1L * res * sgn;
		}

        public double nextDouble() {
            return Double.parseDouble(next());
        }

        /* for custom delimiters */
		public interface SpaceCharFilter {
			public boolean isWhiteSpace(int ch);
			public boolean isNewLine(int ch);
		}
	}
}
