The grasshopper is located on the numeric axis at the point with coordinate x_0.

Having nothing else to do he starts jumping between integer points on the axis. Making a jump from a point with coordinate x with a distance d to the left moves the grasshopper to a point with a coordinate x - d, while jumping to the right moves him to a point with a coordinate x + d.

The grasshopper is very fond of positive integers, so for each integer i starting with 1 the following holds: exactly i minutes after the start he makes a jump with a distance of exactly i. So, in the first minutes he jumps by 1, then by 2, and so on.

The direction of a jump is determined as follows: if the point where the grasshopper was before the jump has an even coordinate, the grasshopper jumps to the left, otherwise he jumps to the right.

For example, if after 18 consecutive jumps he arrives at the point with a coordinate 7, he will jump by a distance of 19 to the right, since 7 is an odd number, and will end up at a point 7 + 19 = 26. Since 26 is an even number, the next jump the grasshopper will make to the left by a distance of 20, and it will move him to the point 26 - 20 = 6.

Find exactly which point the grasshopper will be at after exactly n jumps.

Input

The first line of input contains an integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 10^4) — the number of test cases.

Each of the following t lines contains two integers x_0 (-10^{14} ≤ x_0 ≤ 10^{14}) and n (0 ≤ n ≤ 10^{14}) — the coordinate of the grasshopper's initial position and the number of jumps.

Output

Print exactly t lines. On the i-th line print one integer — the answer to the i-th test case — the coordinate of the point the grasshopper will be at after making n jumps from the point x_0.

Example

Input


9
0 1
0 2
10 10
10 99
177 13
10000000000 987654321
-433494437 87178291199
1 0
-1 1


Output


-1
1
11
110
190
9012345679
-87611785637
1
0

Note

The first two test cases in the example correspond to the first two jumps from the point x_0 = 0. 

Since 0 is an even number, the first jump of length 1 is made to the left, and the grasshopper ends up at the point 0 - 1 = -1.

Then, since -1 is an odd number, a jump of length 2 is made to the right, bringing the grasshopper to the point with coordinate -1 + 2 = 1.
9
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;

public class Solution {

    // constants
    static final int MOD = (int) (1e9 + 7);
    static final int IMAX = 0x7fffffff;
    static final int IMIN = 0x80000000;
    static final long LMAX = 0x7fffffffffffffffL;
    static final long LMIN = -0x8000000000000000L;
    //debug
    private static final boolean oj = System.getProperty("ONLINE_JUDGE") != null;
    public static PrintWriter out;
    public static FastReader in;

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        long s = System.currentTimeMillis();
        in = new FastReader();
        out = new PrintWriter(System.out);
//        out = new PrintWriter(new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("whereami.out")));
        pre();
        int t = 1;
        t = ni();
        for (int i = 1; i <= t; i++) {
//            out.print("Case #" + i + ": ");
            solve();
        }
        out.flush();
        tr(System.currentTimeMillis() - s + "ms");
    }

    private static void pre() {
    }

    private static void solve() {
        long x = nl(), d = nl();
        ArrayList<Long> arrayList = new ArrayList<>();
        long cur = x;
        for (long i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            long min = i + 1;
            if ((cur & 1) == 1) {
                cur += min;
            } else {
                cur -= min;
            }
            arrayList.add(cur);
        }
        int temp = (int) (d % 4);

        if (temp == 2 || temp == 0) {
            if (temp == 0)
                temp += 4;
            out.println(arrayList.get(temp - 1));
        } else {
            d--;
            long dem = (long) (d / 4.0);
            if (temp == 1) {
                if (x % 2 == 1) {
                    out.println(arrayList.get(0) + dem * 4);
                } else {
                    out.println(arrayList.get(0) - dem * 4);
                }
            } else {
                if (x % 2 == 1) {
                    out.println(arrayList.get(temp - 1) - dem * 4);
                } else {
                    out.println(arrayList.get(temp - 1) + dem * 4);
                }
            }
        }
    }


    //input
    private static int ni() {
        return in.nextInt();
    }

    private static String ns() {
        return in.next();
    }

    private static int[] na(int n) {
        int[] a = new int[n];
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) a[i] = ni();
        return a;
    }

    private static long[] nal(int n) {
        long[] a = new long[n];
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) a[i] = nl();
        return a;
    }

    private static long nl() {
        return in.nextLong();
    }

    private static double nd() {
        return in.nextDouble();
    }

    private static void print(char[] a) {
        for (char x : a) out.print(x + " ");
        out.println();
    }

    private static void print(int[] a) {
        for (int x : a) System.out.print(x + " ");
        System.out.println();
    }

    private static void print(long[] a) {
        for (long x : a) out.print(x + " ");
        out.println();
    }

    // array util

    private int[][] preFixSum(int[][] a) {
        int R = a.length;
        int C = a[0].length;
        int[][] psa = new int[R][C];
        psa[0][0] = a[0][0];
        for (int i = 1; i < C; i++)
            psa[0][i] = psa[0][i - 1] + a[0][i];
        for (int i = 1; i < R; i++)
            psa[i][0] = psa[i - 1][0] + a[i][0];
        for (int i = 1; i < R; i++)
            for (int j = 1; j < C; j++)
                psa[i][j] = psa[i - 1][j] + psa[i][j - 1] - psa[i - 1][j - 1] + a[i][j];
        return psa;
    }

    public static int getSum(int r1, int c1, int r2, int c2, int[][] sum) {
        r1++;
        c1++;
        r2++;
        c2++;
        return sum[r2][c2] - sum[r2][c1 - 1] - sum[r1 - 1][c2] + sum[r1 - 1][c1 - 1];
    }

    static void reverse(int[] a) {
        for (int i = 0, n = a.length, half = n / 2; i < half; ++i) {
            int swap = a[i];
            a[i] = a[n - i - 1];
            a[n - i - 1] = swap;
        }
    }

    static void reverse(long[] a) {
        for (int i = 0, n = a.length, half = n / 2; i < half; ++i) {
            long swap = a[i];
            a[i] = a[n - i - 1];
            a[n - i - 1] = swap;
        }
    }

    static void reverse(char[] a) {
        for (int i = 0, n = a.length, half = n / 2; i < half; ++i) {
            char swap = a[i];
            a[i] = a[n - i - 1];
            a[n - i - 1] = swap;
        }
    }

    static int[] copy(int[] a) {
        int[] ans = new int[a.length];
        for (int i = 0; i < a.length; ++i) ans[i] = a[i];
        return ans;
    }

    static long[] copy(long[] a) {
        long[] ans = new long[a.length];
        for (int i = 0; i < a.length; ++i) ans[i] = a[i];
        return ans;
    }

    static char[] copy(char[] a) {
        char[] ans = new char[a.length];
        for (int i = 0; i < a.length; ++i) ans[i] = a[i];
        return ans;
    }

    static int min(int... x) {
        if (x.length == 1) return x[0];
        if (x.length == 2) return Math.min(x[0], x[1]);
        if (x.length == 3) return Math.min(x[0], Math.min(x[1], x[2]));
        int min = x[0];
        for (int i = 1; i < x.length; ++i) if (x[i] < min) min = x[i];
        return min;
    }

    static long min(long... x) {
        if (x.length == 1) return x[0];
        if (x.length == 2) return Math.min(x[0], x[1]);
        if (x.length == 3) return Math.min(x[0], Math.min(x[1], x[2]));
        long min = x[0];
        for (int i = 1; i < x.length; ++i) if (x[i] < min) min = x[i];
        return min;
    }

    // math util
    static int max(int... x) {
        if (x.length == 1) return x[0];
        if (x.length == 2) return Math.max(x[0], x[1]);
        if (x.length == 3) return Math.max(x[0], Math.max(x[1], x[2]));
        return Arrays.stream(x).max().getAsInt();
    }

    static long max(long... x) {
        if (x.length == 1) return x[0];
        if (x.length == 2) return Math.max(x[0], x[1]);
        if (x.length == 3) return Math.max(x[0], Math.max(x[1], x[2]));
        long max = x[0];
        for (int i = 1; i < x.length; ++i) if (x[i] > max) max = x[i];
        return max;
    }

    static int pow(int a, int b) {
        if (a == 0) return 0;
        int ans = 1;
        while (b > 0) {
            if ((b & 1) > 0) ans *= a;
            a *= a;
            b >>= 1;
        }
        return ans;
    }

    static long pow(long a, int b) {
        if (a == 0) return 0;
        long ans = 1;
        while (b > 0) {
            if ((b & 1) > 0) ans *= a;
            a *= a;
            b >>= 1;
        }
        return ans;
    }

    static long power(long x, int y, int p) {
        long res = 1;
        x = x % p;
        if (x == 0) return 0;
        while (y > 0) {
            if ((y & 1) != 0)
                res = (res * x) % p;
            y = y >> 1;
            x = (x * x) % p;
        }
        return res;
    }

    static long modInverse(long n, int p) {
        return power(n, p - 2, p);
    }

    static long modInverse(int n, int p) {
        return power(n, p - 2, p);
    }

    static long nCrModPFermat(int n, int r, int p) {
        if (n < r)
            return 0;
        if (r == 0)
            return 1;
        int[] fac = new int[n + 1];
        fac[0] = 1;
        for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
            fac[i] = fac[i - 1] * i % p;
        return (fac[n] * modInverse(fac[r], p) % p * modInverse(fac[n - r], p) % p) % p;
    }

    static boolean isPrime(long n) {
        for (long i = 2; i * i <= n; i++) if (n % i == 0) return false;
        return true;
    }

    public static long gcd(long a, long b) {
        while (b != 0) {
            a %= b;
            long t = a;
            a = b;
            b = t;
        }
        return a;
    }

    private static boolean sorted(int[] a) {
        for (int i = 0; i < a.length - 1; i++) {
            if (a[i] > a[i + 1]) return false;
        }
        return true;
    }

    private static boolean sorted(long[] a) {
        for (int i = 0; i < a.length - 1; i++) {
            if (a[i] > a[i + 1]) return false;
        }
        return true;
    }

    private static boolean sorted(char[] a) {
        for (int i = 0; i < a.length - 1; i++) {
            if (a[i] > a[i + 1]) return false;
        }
        return true;
    }

    public static int lowerBound(int[] a, int element) {
        int low = -1, high = a.length;
        while (low < high) {
            int middle = low + (high - low) / 2;
            if (element > a[middle]) {
                low = middle + 1;
            } else {
                high = middle;
            }
        }
        return low;
    }

    static int upperBound(int[] a, int element) {
        int low = -1, high = a.length;
        while (low < high) {
            int middle = low + (high - low) / 2;
            if (a[middle] > element) {
                high = middle;
            } else {
                low = middle + 1;
            }
        }
        return low;
    }

    public static int[] facs(int n, int[] primes) {
        int[] ret = new int[9];
        int rp = 0;
        for (int p : primes) {
            if (p * p > n) break;
            int i;
            i = 0;
            while (n % p == 0) {
                n /= p;
                i++;
            }
            if (i > 0) ret[rp++] = p;
        }
        if (n != 1) ret[rp++] = n;
        return Arrays.copyOf(ret, rp);
    }

    public static int[] sieveEratosthenes(int n) {
        if (n <= 32) {
            int[] primes = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31};
            for (int i = 0; i < primes.length; i++) {
                if (n < primes[i]) {
                    return Arrays.copyOf(primes, i);
                }
            }
            return primes;
        }

        int u = n + 32;
        double lu = Math.log(u);
        int[] ret = new int[(int) (u / lu + u / lu / lu * 1.5)];
        ret[0] = 2;
        int pos = 1;

        int[] isnp = new int[(n + 1) / 32 / 2 + 1];
        int sup = (n + 1) / 32 / 2 + 1;

        int[] tprimes = {3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31};
        for (int tp : tprimes) {
            ret[pos++] = tp;
            int[] ptn = new int[tp];
            for (int i = (tp - 3) / 2; i < tp << 5; i += tp) ptn[i >> 5] |= 1 << (i & 31);
            for (int j = 0; j < sup; j += tp) {
                for (int i = 0; i < tp && i + j < sup; i++) {
                    isnp[j + i] |= ptn[i];
                }
            }
        }

        // 3,5,7
        // 2x+3=n
        int[] magic = {
                0, 1, 23, 2, 29, 24, 19, 3, 30, 27, 25, 11, 20, 8, 4, 13, 31, 22, 28, 18, 26, 10, 7, 12, 21,
                17, 9, 6, 16, 5, 15, 14
        };
        int h = n / 2;
        for (int i = 0; i < sup; i++) {
            for (int j = ~isnp[i]; j != 0; j &= j - 1) {
                int pp = i << 5 | magic[(j & -j) * 0x076be629 >>> 27];
                int p = 2 * pp + 3;
                if (p > n) break;
                ret[pos++] = p;
                if ((long) p * p > n) continue;
                for (int q = (p * p - 3) / 2; q <= h; q += p) isnp[q >> 5] |= 1 << q;
            }
        }

        return Arrays.copyOf(ret, pos);
    }

    private static int[][] uniqCount(int[] a) {
        int n = a.length;
        int p = 0;
        int[][] b = new int[n][];
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            if (i == 0 || a[i] != a[i - 1]) b[p++] = new int[]{a[i], 0};
            b[p - 1][1]++;
        }
        return Arrays.copyOf(b, p);
    }

    private static long lcm(long a, long b) {
        return a * b / gcd(a, b);
    }

    public static int[][] enumPrimesAndLPF(int n) {
        int[] lpf = new int[n + 1];
        double lu = Math.log(n + 32);

        int tot = 0;
        int[] primes = new int[(int) ((n + 32) / lu + (n + 32) / lu / lu * 1.5)];

        for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++) {
            lpf[i] = i;
        }

        for (int p = 2, tmp; p <= n; p++) {
            if (lpf[p] == p) {
                primes[tot++] = p;
            }
            for (int i = 0; i < tot && primes[i] <= lpf[p] && (tmp = primes[i] * p) <= n; i++) {
                lpf[tmp] = primes[i];
            }
        }

        return new int[][]{Arrays.copyOf(primes, tot), lpf};
    }

    public static int[] enumPrimes(int n) {
        int[] lpf = new int[n + 1];
        double lu = Math.log(n + 32);

        int tot = 0;
        int[] primes = new int[(int) ((n + 32) / lu + (n + 32) / lu / lu * 1.5)];

        for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++) {
            lpf[i] = i;
        }

        for (int p = 2, tmp; p <= n; p++) {
            if (lpf[p] == p) {
                primes[tot++] = p;
            }
            for (int i = 0; i < tot && primes[i] <= lpf[p] && (tmp = primes[i] * p) <= n; i++) {
                lpf[tmp] = primes[i];
            }
        }

        return Arrays.copyOf(primes, tot);
    }

    static boolean isPrime(int n) {
        for (int i = 2; i * i <= n; i++) if (n % i == 0) return false;
        return true;
    }

    private static void tr(Object... o) {
        if (!oj) System.out.println(Arrays.deepToString(o));
    }

    public String isSubset(long[] a1, long[] a2, long n, long m) {
        HashMap<Long, Integer> a1Map = new HashMap<>();
        HashMap<Long, Integer> a2Map = new HashMap<>();
        for (long x : a1) {
            a1Map.putIfAbsent(x, 0);
            a1Map.put(x, 1 + a1Map.get(x));
        }
        for (long x : a2) {
            a2Map.putIfAbsent(x, 0);
            a2Map.put(x, 1 + a2Map.get(x));
        }
        for (Map.Entry<Long, Integer> entry : a2Map.entrySet()) {
            if (!a1Map.containsKey(entry.getKey()) || entry.getValue() > a1Map.get(entry.getKey())) {
                return "No";
            }
        }
        return "Yes";
    }

    public int countOccurence(int[] arr, int n, int k) {
        HashMap<Integer, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();
        for (int x : arr) {
            map.putIfAbsent(x, 0);
            map.put(x, 1 + map.get(x));
        }
        int cnt = 0;
        for (int x : map.values()) {
            if (x >= n / k) cnt++;
        }
        return cnt;
    }

    private float nf() {
        return (float) in.nextDouble();
    }

    //reader
    static class FastReader {
        BufferedReader br;
        StringTokenizer st;

        public FastReader() throws FileNotFoundException {
            br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
//            br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("whereami.in"));
        }

        String next() {
            while (st == null || !st.hasMoreElements()) {
                try {
                    st = new StringTokenizer(br.readLine());
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            return st.nextToken();
        }

        int nextInt() {
            return Integer.parseInt(next());
        }

        long nextLong() {
            return Long.parseLong(next());
        }

        double nextDouble() {
            return Double.parseDouble(next());
        }
    }
}