The grasshopper is located on the numeric axis at the point with coordinate x_0.

Having nothing else to do he starts jumping between integer points on the axis. Making a jump from a point with coordinate x with a distance d to the left moves the grasshopper to a point with a coordinate x - d, while jumping to the right moves him to a point with a coordinate x + d.

The grasshopper is very fond of positive integers, so for each integer i starting with 1 the following holds: exactly i minutes after the start he makes a jump with a distance of exactly i. So, in the first minutes he jumps by 1, then by 2, and so on.

The direction of a jump is determined as follows: if the point where the grasshopper was before the jump has an even coordinate, the grasshopper jumps to the left, otherwise he jumps to the right.

For example, if after 18 consecutive jumps he arrives at the point with a coordinate 7, he will jump by a distance of 19 to the right, since 7 is an odd number, and will end up at a point 7 + 19 = 26. Since 26 is an even number, the next jump the grasshopper will make to the left by a distance of 20, and it will move him to the point 26 - 20 = 6.

Find exactly which point the grasshopper will be at after exactly n jumps.

Input

The first line of input contains an integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 10^4) — the number of test cases.

Each of the following t lines contains two integers x_0 (-10^{14} ≤ x_0 ≤ 10^{14}) and n (0 ≤ n ≤ 10^{14}) — the coordinate of the grasshopper's initial position and the number of jumps.

Output

Print exactly t lines. On the i-th line print one integer — the answer to the i-th test case — the coordinate of the point the grasshopper will be at after making n jumps from the point x_0.

Example

Input


9
0 1
0 2
10 10
10 99
177 13
10000000000 987654321
-433494437 87178291199
1 0
-1 1


Output


-1
1
11
110
190
9012345679
-87611785637
1
0

Note

The first two test cases in the example correspond to the first two jumps from the point x_0 = 0. 

Since 0 is an even number, the first jump of length 1 is made to the left, and the grasshopper ends up at the point 0 - 1 = -1.

Then, since -1 is an odd number, a jump of length 2 is made to the right, bringing the grasshopper to the point with coordinate -1 + 2 = 1.
9
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;


import java.math.*;
import java.math.BigInteger;


public final class A
{    
	static PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(System.out); 
	static StringBuilder ans=new StringBuilder();
	static FastReader in=new FastReader();
	static ArrayList<Integer> g[];
	static long mod=(long)998244353,INF=Long.MAX_VALUE;
	static boolean set[]; 
	static int par[],partial[];
	static int Days[],P[][];
	static int dp[][],sum=0,size[],D[];
	static int seg[],col[];
	static ArrayList<Long> A;
	//	static HashSet<Integer> visited,imposters;
	//	static HashSet<Integer> set;
	//	static node1 seg[];
	//static pair moves[]= {new pair(-1,0),new pair(1,0), new pair(0,-1), new pair(0,1)};
	public static void main(String args[])throws IOException
	{	
		/*
		 * star,rope
		 */
		int T=i();
		outer:while(T-->0)
		{
			long x=l(),K=l();
			long s=0;
			if(K%4==0)
			{ 
//				K+=1;
//				if(x%2==0)x-=K;
//				else x+=K;
				s=x;
			}
			else if(K%4==1)
			{
              if(x%2==0)s=x-K;
              else s=x+K;
			}
			else if(K%4==2)
			{
				if(x%2==0)s=x+1L;
				else s=x-1L;
//              s=x;
			}
			else if(K%4==3)
			{
				K+=1L;
              if(x%2==0)s=x+K;
              else s=x-K;
			}
			
				ans.append(s+"\n");
		}
		out.println(ans);
		out.close();
	}
	static long f(long a,long A[])
	{
		int l=-1,r=A.length;
		while(r-l>1)
		{
			int m=(l+r)/2;
			if(A[m]<=a)l=m;
			else r=m;
		}
		return A[l];
	}
	static void build(int v,int tl,int tr,int A[])
	{
		if(tl==tr)
		{
			seg[v]=A[tl];
			return;
		}
		int tm=(tl+tr)/2;
		build(v*2,tl,tm,A);
		build(v*2+1,tm+1,tr,A);
		seg[v]=Math.min(seg[v*2], seg[v*2+1]);
	}
	static void update(int v,int tl,int tr,int index,int x)
	{
		if(tl==tr && tl==index)
		{
			seg[v]=x;
			return;
		}		
		int tm=(tl+tr)/2;
		if(index<=tm)update(v*2,tl,tm,index,x);
		else update(v*2+1,tm+1,tr,index,x);
		seg[v]=Math.min(seg[v*2], seg[v*2+1]);
	}
	static int ask(int v,int tl,int tr,int l,int r)
	{
		//		System.out.println(v);
		//		if(v>100)return 0;
		if(l>r)return Integer.MAX_VALUE;
		if(tl==l && tr==r)return seg[v];
		int tm=(tl+tr)/2;
		int a=ask(v*2,tl,tm,l,Math.min(tm, r));
		//		System.out.println("for--> "+(v)+" tm--> "+(tm+1)+" tr--> "+tr+" l--> "+Math.max(l, tm+1)+" r--> "+r);
		int b=ask(v*2+1,tm+1,tr,Math.max(l, tm+1),r);
		return Math.min(a, b);
	}
	static int find(int a)
	{
		if(par[a]<0)return a;
		return par[a]=find(par[a]);
	}
	static void union(int a,int b)
	{
		a=find(a);
		b=find(b);
		if(a!=b)
		{
			par[a]+=par[b];
			par[b]=a;
		}
	}
	static int ask(int a,int b)
	{
		System.out.println("? "+a+" "+b);
		return i();
	}




	static long and(int i,int j)
	{
		System.out.println("and "+i+" "+j);
		return l();
	}
	static long or(int i,int j)
	{
		System.out.println("or "+i+" "+j);
		return l();
	}
	static boolean is_Sorted(int A[])
	{
		int N=A.length;
		for(int i=1; i<=N; i++)if(A[i-1]!=i)return false;
		return true;
	}
	static boolean f(StringBuilder sb,String Y,String order)
	{
		StringBuilder res=new StringBuilder(sb.toString());
		HashSet<Character> set=new HashSet<>();
		for(char ch:order.toCharArray())
		{
			set.add(ch);
			for(int i=0; i<sb.length(); i++)
			{
				char x=sb.charAt(i);
				if(set.contains(x))continue;
				res.append(x);
			}
		}

		String str=res.toString();
		return str.equals(Y);
	}
	static boolean all_Zero(int f[])
	{
		for(int a:f)if(a!=0)return false;
		return true;
	}
	static long form(int a,int l)
	{
		long x=0;
		while(l-->0)
		{
			x*=10;
			x+=a;
		}
		return x;
	}
	static int count(String X)
	{
		HashSet<Integer> set=new HashSet<>();
		for(char x:X.toCharArray())set.add(x-'0');
		return set.size();
	}


	//	static void build(int v,int tl,int tr,long A[])
	//	{
	//		if(tl==tr)
	//		{
	//			seg[v]=A[tl];
	//		}
	//		else
	//		{
	//			int tm=(tl+tr)/2;
	//			build(v*2,tl,tm,A);
	//			build(v*2+1,tm+1,tr,A);
	//			seg[v]=Math.min(seg[v*2], seg[v*2+1]);
	//		}
	//	}

	static int [] sub(int A[],int B[])
	{
		int N=A.length;
		int f[]=new int[N];
		for(int i=N-1; i>=0; i--)
		{
			if(B[i]<A[i])
			{
				B[i]+=26;
				B[i-1]-=1;
			}
			f[i]=B[i]-A[i];
		}
		for(int i=0; i<N; i++)
		{
			if(f[i]%2!=0)f[i+1]+=26;
			f[i]/=2;
		}
		return f;
	}





	static int max(int a ,int b,int c,int d)
	{
		a=Math.max(a, b);
		c=Math.max(c,d);
		return Math.max(a, c);
	}
	static int min(int a ,int b,int c,int d)
	{
		a=Math.min(a, b);
		c=Math.min(c,d);
		return Math.min(a, c);
	}



	static HashMap<Integer,Integer> Hash(int A[])
	{
		HashMap<Integer,Integer> mp=new HashMap<>();
		for(int a:A)
		{
			int f=mp.getOrDefault(a,0)+1;
			mp.put(a, f);
		}
		return mp;
	}
	static long mul(long a, long b)
	{
		return ( a %mod * 1L * b%mod )%mod;
	}
	static void swap(int A[],int a,int b)
	{
		int t=A[a];
		A[a]=A[b];
		A[b]=t;
	}



	static boolean isSorted(int A[])
	{
		for(int i=1; i<A.length; i++)
		{
			if(A[i]<A[i-1])return false;
		}
		return true;
	}

	static boolean isDivisible(StringBuilder X,int i,long num)
	{
		long r=0;
		for(; i<X.length(); i++)
		{
			r=r*10+(X.charAt(i)-'0');
			r=r%num;
		}
		return r==0;
	}    



	static int lower_Bound(int A[],int low,int high, int x) 
	{ 
		if (low > high) 
			if (x >= A[high]) 
				return A[high]; 

		int mid = (low + high) / 2; 

		if (A[mid] == x) 
			return A[mid]; 

		if (mid > 0 && A[mid - 1] <= x && x < A[mid]) 
			return A[mid - 1]; 

		if (x < A[mid]) 
			return lower_Bound( A, low, mid - 1, x); 

		return lower_Bound(A, mid + 1, high, x); 
	} 

	static String f(String A)
	{
		String X="";
		for(int i=A.length()-1; i>=0; i--)
		{
			int c=A.charAt(i)-'0';
			X+=(c+1)%2;
		}
		return X;
	}

	static void sort(long[] a) //check for long
	{
		ArrayList<Long> l=new ArrayList<>();
		for (long i:a) l.add(i);
		Collections.sort(l);
		for (int i=0; i<a.length; i++) a[i]=l.get(i);
	}

	static String swap(String X,int i,int j)
	{
		char ch[]=X.toCharArray();
		char a=ch[i];
		ch[i]=ch[j];
		ch[j]=a;
		return new String(ch);
	}

	static int sD(long n)  
	{  

		if (n % 2 == 0 )  
			return 2;  

		for (int i = 3; i * i <= n; i += 2) {  
			if (n % i == 0 )  
				return i;  
		}  

		return (int)n;  
	}  

	static void setGraph(int N)
	{
		//		tot=new int[N+1];
		partial=new int[N+1];
		Days=new int[N+1];
		P=new int[N+1][(int)(Math.log(N)+10)];
		set=new boolean[N+1];
		g=new ArrayList[N+1];
		D=new int[N+1];
		for(int i=0; i<=N; i++)
		{

			g[i]=new ArrayList<>();		
			Days[i]=-1;
			D[i]=Integer.MAX_VALUE;
			//D2[i]=INF;
		}
	}



	static  long pow(long a,long b)
	{
		//long mod=1000000007;
		long pow=1;
		long x=a;
		while(b!=0)
		{
			if((b&1)!=0)pow=(pow*x)%mod;
			x=(x*x)%mod;
			b/=2;
		}
		return pow;
	}

	static long toggleBits(long x)//one's complement || Toggle bits
	{
		int n=(int)(Math.floor(Math.log(x)/Math.log(2)))+1;

		return ((1<<n)-1)^x;
	}

	static int countBits(long a)
	{
		return (int)(Math.log(a)/Math.log(2)+1);
	}

	static long fact(long N)
	{ 
		long n=2; 
		if(N<=1)return 1;
		else
		{
			for(int i=3; i<=N; i++)n=(n*i)%mod;
		}
		return n;
	}

	static int kadane(int A[])
	{
		int lsum=A[0],gsum=A[0];
		for(int i=1; i<A.length; i++)
		{
			lsum=Math.max(lsum+A[i],A[i]);
			gsum=Math.max(gsum,lsum);
		}
		return gsum;
	}

	static void sort(int[] a) {
		ArrayList<Integer> l=new ArrayList<>();
		for (int i:a) l.add(i);
		Collections.sort(l);
		for (int i=0; i<a.length; i++) a[i]=l.get(i);
	}

	static boolean isPrime(long N)
	{
		if (N<=1)  return false; 
		if (N<=3)  return true; 
		if (N%2 == 0 || N%3 == 0) return false; 
		for (int i=5; i*i<=N; i=i+6) 
			if (N%i == 0 || N%(i+2) == 0) 
				return false; 
		return true; 
	}
	static void print(char A[])
	{
		for(char c:A)System.out.print(c+" ");
		System.out.println();
	}
	static void print(boolean A[])
	{
		for(boolean c:A)System.out.print(c+" ");
		System.out.println();
	}
	static void print(int A[])
	{
		for(int a:A)System.out.print(a+" ");
		System.out.println();	
	}
	static void print(long A[])
	{
		for(long i:A)System.out.print(i+ " ");
		System.out.println();

	}
	static void print(boolean A[][])
	{
		for(boolean a[]:A)print(a);
	}
	static void print(long A[][])
	{
		for(long a[]:A)print(a);
	}
	static void print(int A[][])
	{
		for(int a[]:A)print(a);
	}
	static void print(ArrayList<Integer> A)
	{
		for(int a:A)System.out.print(a+" ");
		System.out.println();
	}

	static int i()
	{
		return in.nextInt();
	}

	static long l()
	{
		return in.nextLong();
	}

	static int[] input(int N){
		int A[]=new int[N];
		for(int i=0; i<N; i++)
		{
			A[i]=in.nextInt();
		}
		return A;
	}

	static long[] inputLong(int N)     {
		long A[]=new long[N];
		for(int i=0; i<A.length; i++)A[i]=in.nextLong();
		return A;
	}

	static long GCD(long a,long b) 
	{
		if(b==0)
		{
			return a;
		}
		else return GCD(b,a%b );
	}

}
class Edge
{
	int a,cnt;
	//	boolean said;
	Edge(int a,int cnt)
	{
		this.a=a;
		//		this.said=said;
		this.cnt=cnt;
	}

}


//Code For FastReader
//Code For FastReader
//Code For FastReader
//Code For FastReader
class FastReader
{
	BufferedReader br;
	StringTokenizer st;
	public FastReader()
	{
		br=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
	}

	String next()
	{
		while(st==null || !st.hasMoreElements())
		{
			try
			{
				st=new StringTokenizer(br.readLine());
			}
			catch(IOException e)
			{
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
		return st.nextToken();
	}

	int nextInt()
	{
		return Integer.parseInt(next());
	}

	long nextLong()
	{
		return Long.parseLong(next());
	}

	double nextDouble()
	{
		return Double.parseDouble(next());
	}

	String nextLine()
	{
		String str="";
		try
		{
			str=br.readLine();
		}
		catch (IOException e)
		{
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return str;
	}

}