The grasshopper is located on the numeric axis at the point with coordinate x_0.

Having nothing else to do he starts jumping between integer points on the axis. Making a jump from a point with coordinate x with a distance d to the left moves the grasshopper to a point with a coordinate x - d, while jumping to the right moves him to a point with a coordinate x + d.

The grasshopper is very fond of positive integers, so for each integer i starting with 1 the following holds: exactly i minutes after the start he makes a jump with a distance of exactly i. So, in the first minutes he jumps by 1, then by 2, and so on.

The direction of a jump is determined as follows: if the point where the grasshopper was before the jump has an even coordinate, the grasshopper jumps to the left, otherwise he jumps to the right.

For example, if after 18 consecutive jumps he arrives at the point with a coordinate 7, he will jump by a distance of 19 to the right, since 7 is an odd number, and will end up at a point 7 + 19 = 26. Since 26 is an even number, the next jump the grasshopper will make to the left by a distance of 20, and it will move him to the point 26 - 20 = 6.

Find exactly which point the grasshopper will be at after exactly n jumps.

Input

The first line of input contains an integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 10^4) — the number of test cases.

Each of the following t lines contains two integers x_0 (-10^{14} ≤ x_0 ≤ 10^{14}) and n (0 ≤ n ≤ 10^{14}) — the coordinate of the grasshopper's initial position and the number of jumps.

Output

Print exactly t lines. On the i-th line print one integer — the answer to the i-th test case — the coordinate of the point the grasshopper will be at after making n jumps from the point x_0.

Example

Input


9
0 1
0 2
10 10
10 99
177 13
10000000000 987654321
-433494437 87178291199
1 0
-1 1


Output


-1
1
11
110
190
9012345679
-87611785637
1
0

Note

The first two test cases in the example correspond to the first two jumps from the point x_0 = 0. 

Since 0 is an even number, the first jump of length 1 is made to the left, and the grasshopper ends up at the point 0 - 1 = -1.

Then, since -1 is an odd number, a jump of length 2 is made to the right, bringing the grasshopper to the point with coordinate -1 + 2 = 1.
9
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

from __future__ import division, print_function

import os,sys
from io import BytesIO, IOBase

if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
    from __builtin__ import xrange as range
    from future_builtins import ascii, filter, hex, map, oct, zip

from bisect import bisect_left as lower_bound, bisect_right as upper_bound 
def so():  return int(input())
def st():  return input()
def mj():  return map(int,input().strip().split(" "))
def msj(): return map(str,input().strip().split(" "))
def le():  return list(map(int,input().split()))
def lebe():return list(map(int, input()))

def dmain():
    sys.setrecursionlimit(1000000)
    threading.stack_size(1024000)
    thread = threading.Thread(target=main)
    thread.start()
def joro(L):
    return(''.join(map(str, L)))


def decimalToBinary(n): return bin(n).replace("0b","")


def isprime(n):
    for i in range(2,int(n**0.5)+1):
        if n%i==0:
            return False
    return True
def npr(n, r):
    return factorial(n) // factorial(n - r) if n >= r else 0
 
 
def ncr(n, r):
    return factorial(n) // (factorial(r) * factorial(n - r)) if n >= r else 0
 
 
def lower_bound(li, num):
    answer = -1
    start = 0
    end = len(li) - 1
 
    while (start <= end):
        middle = (end + start) // 2
        if li[middle] >= num:
            answer = middle
            end = middle - 1
        else:
            start = middle + 1
    return answer  # min index where x is not less than num
 
 
def upper_bound(li, num):
    answer = -1
    start = 0
    end = len(li) - 1
 
    while (start <= end):
        middle = (end + start) // 2
 
        if li[middle] <= num:
            answer = middle
            start = middle + 1
 
        else:
            end = middle - 1
    return answer  # max index where x is not greater than num
def tir(a,b,c):
    if(0==c):
        return 1
    if(len(a)<=b):
        return 0
    
    if(c!=-1):
        return (tir(a,1+b,c+a[b]) or tir(a,b+1,c-a[b]) or tir(a,1+b,c)) 
        
        
    else:
        return (tir(a,1+b,a[b]) or tir(a,b+1,-a[b]) or tir(a,1+b,-1))
        
 
def abs(x):
    return x if x >= 0 else -x
 
 
def binary_search(li, val, lb, ub):
    # print(lb, ub, li)
    ans = -1
    while (lb <= ub):
        mid = (lb + ub) // 2
        # print('mid is',mid, li[mid])
        if li[mid] > val:
            ub = mid - 1
        elif val > li[mid]:
            lb = mid + 1
        else:
            ans = mid  # return index
            break
    return ans
 
 
def kadane(x):  # maximum sum contiguous subarray
    sum_so_far = 0
    current_sum = 0
    for i in x:
        current_sum += i
        if current_sum < 0:
            current_sum = 0
        else:
            sum_so_far = max(sum_so_far, current_sum)
    return sum_so_far
 
 
def pref(li):
    pref_sum = [0]
    for i in li:
        pref_sum.append(pref_sum[-1] + i)
    return pref_sum
 
 
def SieveOfEratosthenes(n):
    prime = [True for i in range(n + 1)]
    p = 2
    li = []
    while (p * p <= n):
        if (prime[p] == True):
            for i in range(p * p, n + 1, p):
                prime[i] = False
        p += 1
 
    for p in range(2, len(prime)):
        if prime[p]:
            li.append(p)
    return li
 
 
def primefactors(n):
    from math import sqrt
    factors = []
    while (n % 2 == 0):
        factors.append(2)
        n //= 2
    for i in range(3, int(sqrt(n)) + 1, 2):  # only odd factors left
        while n % i == 0:
            factors.append(i)
            n //= i
    if n > 2:  # incase of prime
        factors.append(n)
    return factors
         
    
def read():
    sys.stdin  = open('input.txt', 'r')  
    sys.stdout = open('output.txt', 'w') 
def tr(n):
    return n*(n+1)//2
def ti(x):
    import math
    if(x>=0):
        s=(math.sqrt(x))
    if(s*s==x):
        return 1
    return 0
doi=int(1e9+7)
boi=int(1e9-7)
def ryu(a,b):
    re=1
    while(b!=0):
        if(b%2!=0):
            re*=a
            re%=boi
        b=b//2
        a*=a
        a%=boi
    return re
fa=[0]*(100007)

def mi(n,p):
    return pow(n,p-2,p)
def ncr(n,r,p):
    if(n<r):
        return 0
    if(r==0):
        return 1
    return(fa[n]*mi(fa[r],p)%p *mi(fa[n-r],p)%p)%p


def iu():
    import re
    import sys
    input =sys.stdin.readline
    import math as my
    a,b=mj()
    L=[]
    c=a
    for i in range(4):
        m=i+1
        if(c%2==1):
            c+=m
        else:
            c-=m
        L.append(c)
    t=b%4
    if(t==0 or t==2):
        if(0==t):
            t+=4
        print(L[t-1])
    else:
        if(t==1):
            b-=1
            fr=b//4.0
            if(a%2==1):
                print(int(L[t-1]+4*fr))
            else:
                print(int(L[t-1]-4*fr))
        else:
            b-=1
            fr=b//4.0
            if(a%2==1):
                print(int(L[t-1]-4*fr))
            else:
                print(int(L[t-1]+4*fr))
                
                    

        
            
    
    
    
        
    
        
def main():
    for i in range(so()):
        iu()
                

    
            
    

        
    

            
                
                
                
                
            
    
            
            
    
    
    
    
        
            
    
            
            
            
        
    
        
    
    
        
        
        

            
                    
                
                    
                    
                    
                    
                    
                    
        
                
        
        
       
    
           
          
          
                
            
        
                
    
        
        
        
       
            
                
        




# region fastio
# template taken from https://github.com/cheran-senthil/PyRival/blob/master/templates/template.py

BUFSIZE = 8192


class FastIO(IOBase):
    newlines = 0

    def __init__(self, file):
        self._fd = file.fileno()
        self.buffer = BytesIO()
        self.writable = "x" in file.mode or "r" not in file.mode
        self.write = self.buffer.write if self.writable else None

    def read(self):
        while True:
            b = os.read(self._fd, max(os.fstat(self._fd).st_size, BUFSIZE))
            if not b:
                break
            ptr = self.buffer.tell()
            self.buffer.seek(0, 2), self.buffer.write(b), self.buffer.seek(ptr)
        self.newlines = 0
        return self.buffer.read()

    def readline(self):
        while self.newlines == 0:
            b = os.read(self._fd, max(os.fstat(self._fd).st_size, BUFSIZE))
            self.newlines = b.count(b"\n") + (not b)
            ptr = self.buffer.tell()
            self.buffer.seek(0, 2), self.buffer.write(b), self.buffer.seek(ptr)
        self.newlines -= 1
        return self.buffer.readline()

    def flush(self):
        if self.writable:
            os.write(self._fd, self.buffer.getvalue())
            self.buffer.truncate(0), self.buffer.seek(0)


class IOWrapper(IOBase):
    def __init__(self, file):
        self.buffer = FastIO(file)
        self.flush = self.buffer.flush
        self.writable = self.buffer.writable
        self.write = lambda s: self.buffer.write(s.encode("ascii"))
        self.read = lambda: self.buffer.read().decode("ascii")
        self.readline = lambda: self.buffer.readline().decode("ascii")


def print(*args, **kwargs):
    """Prints the values to a stream, or to sys.stdout by default."""
    sep, file = kwargs.pop("sep", " "), kwargs.pop("file", sys.stdout)
    at_start = True
    for x in args:
        if not at_start:
            file.write(sep)
        file.write(str(x))
        at_start = False
    file.write(kwargs.pop("end", "\n"))
    if kwargs.pop("flush", False):
        file.flush()


if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
    sys.stdin, sys.stdout = FastIO(sys.stdin), FastIO(sys.stdout)
else:
    sys.stdin, sys.stdout = IOWrapper(sys.stdin), IOWrapper(sys.stdout)

input = lambda: sys.stdin.readline().rstrip("\r\n")

# endregion


if __name__ == "__main__":
    #read()
    main()
    #dmain()

# Comment Read()