The grasshopper is located on the numeric axis at the point with coordinate x_0.

Having nothing else to do he starts jumping between integer points on the axis. Making a jump from a point with coordinate x with a distance d to the left moves the grasshopper to a point with a coordinate x - d, while jumping to the right moves him to a point with a coordinate x + d.

The grasshopper is very fond of positive integers, so for each integer i starting with 1 the following holds: exactly i minutes after the start he makes a jump with a distance of exactly i. So, in the first minutes he jumps by 1, then by 2, and so on.

The direction of a jump is determined as follows: if the point where the grasshopper was before the jump has an even coordinate, the grasshopper jumps to the left, otherwise he jumps to the right.

For example, if after 18 consecutive jumps he arrives at the point with a coordinate 7, he will jump by a distance of 19 to the right, since 7 is an odd number, and will end up at a point 7 + 19 = 26. Since 26 is an even number, the next jump the grasshopper will make to the left by a distance of 20, and it will move him to the point 26 - 20 = 6.

Find exactly which point the grasshopper will be at after exactly n jumps.

Input

The first line of input contains an integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 10^4) — the number of test cases.

Each of the following t lines contains two integers x_0 (-10^{14} ≤ x_0 ≤ 10^{14}) and n (0 ≤ n ≤ 10^{14}) — the coordinate of the grasshopper's initial position and the number of jumps.

Output

Print exactly t lines. On the i-th line print one integer — the answer to the i-th test case — the coordinate of the point the grasshopper will be at after making n jumps from the point x_0.

Example

Input


9
0 1
0 2
10 10
10 99
177 13
10000000000 987654321
-433494437 87178291199
1 0
-1 1


Output


-1
1
11
110
190
9012345679
-87611785637
1
0

Note

The first two test cases in the example correspond to the first two jumps from the point x_0 = 0. 

Since 0 is an even number, the first jump of length 1 is made to the left, and the grasshopper ends up at the point 0 - 1 = -1.

Then, since -1 is an odd number, a jump of length 2 is made to the right, bringing the grasshopper to the point with coordinate -1 + 2 = 1.
9
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.*;

import static java.lang.Math.log;
import static java.lang.Math.min;

public class Main {

    //------------------------------------------CONSTANTS---------------------------------------------------------------
    public static final int MOD = (int) (1e9 + 7);

    //---------------------------------------------I/0------------------------------------------------------------------

    static class FastReader {
        BufferedReader br;
        StringTokenizer st;

        public FastReader()
        {
            br = new BufferedReader(
                    new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        }

        String next()
        {
            while (st == null || !st.hasMoreElements()) {
                try {
                    st = new StringTokenizer(br.readLine());
                }
                catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            return st.nextToken();
        }

        int nextInt() { return Integer.parseInt(next()); }

        long nextLong() { return Long.parseLong(next()); }

        double nextDouble()
        {
            return Double.parseDouble(next());
        }

        String nextLine()
        {
            String str = "";
            try {
                str = br.readLine();
            }
            catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return str;
        }
    }

    public static void print(String s) {
        System.out.println(s);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        FastReader sc = new FastReader();

        int t = 1;
        t = sc.nextInt();

        for(int i = 0; i<t; i++) {
            System.out.println(solve(sc));
        }
    }

    //------------------------------------------------SOLVE-------------------------------------------------------------

    public static long solve(FastReader sc) {
        long x0 = sc.nextLong(); long n = sc.nextLong();
        long rest = n%4;
        long nn = n - rest;
        long sum = nn*(nn+1)/2;
        long side1 = sum/2;
        long side2 = sum/2;
        boolean s2 = true;
        while (rest > 0) {
            if (s2)
                side2 += n - rest;
            else side1 += n - rest;
            rest--;
            s2 = !s2;
        }

        if (x0%2==0) {
            x0 -= side2;
            x0 += side1;
        } else {
            x0 -= side1;
            x0 += side2;
        }

        return x0;
    }

    public static int firstNotDivisor(int n, int z) {
        for (int i = z; i>=1; i--) {
            if (n%i!=0)
                return i;
        }
        return -1;
    }

    public static int factorial(int n) {
        if (n == 0)
            return 1;
        int fact = 1;
        for (int i = 2; i<=n; i++) {
            fact *= i;
        }
        return fact;
    }

    public static int maxFactorial(int n) {
        int k = 1;
        int fact = 1;
        while ((k+1)*fact < n) {
            k++;
            fact *= k;
        }
        return k;
    }

    public static boolean isPalindrome(String s) {
        for (int i = 0; i<s.length()/2; i++) {
            if (s.charAt(i) != s.charAt(s.length()-1-i))
                return false;
        }
        return true;
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------FUNCTIONS----------------------------------------------------------

    public static String printArray(int[] a) {
        StringBuilder r = new StringBuilder("");

        for(int i = 0; i<a.length; i++) {
            r.append(a[i] + " ");
        }
        return r.toString();
    }

    public static <T> String printList(List<T> a) {
        StringBuilder r = new StringBuilder("");

        for (T x: a) {
            r.append(x.toString() + " ");
        }
        return r.toString();
    }

    // first element that is not less than target
    public static int lowerBound(int[] arr, int begin, int end, int target) {
        while(begin < end) {
            int mid = begin + (end - begin) / 2;
            // When the element is less than the mid target
            if(arr[mid] < target)
                // begin to mid + 1, arr [begin] value is less than or equal target
                begin = mid + 1;
                // When the mid target element when greater than or equal
            else if(arr[mid] >= target)
                end = mid;
        }
        return begin;
    }

    // first element that is greater than target
    public static int upperBound(int[] arr, int begin, int end, int target) {
        while(begin < end) {
            int mid = begin + (end - begin) / 2;
            if(arr[mid] <= target)
                begin = mid + 1;
            else
                end = mid;
        }
        return begin;
    }

    // generate permutations (call search and access through permutations)
    public static class Permutations {
        List<List<Integer>> permutations = new ArrayList<>();
        List<Integer> permutation = new ArrayList<>();
        boolean[] taken;
        int[] a;

        public Permutations(int[] a) {
            this.a = a;
            taken = new boolean[a.length];
        }

        void search() {
            if (permutation.size()==a.length) {
                permutations.add(new ArrayList<>(permutation));
            } else {
                for (int i = 0; i<a.length; i++) {
                    if (taken[i]) {
                        continue;
                    }
                    taken[i] = true;
                    permutation.add(a[i]);
                    search();
                    taken[i] = false;
                    permutation.remove(permutation.size()-1);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // generate subsets (call search and access subsets)
    public static class Subsets {
        List<List<Integer>> subsets = new ArrayList<>();
        List<Integer> subset = new ArrayList<>();

        void search(int[] a, int x) {
            if (x == a.length) {
                subsets.add(new ArrayList<>(subset));
            } else {
                subset.add(a[x]);
                search(a, x+1);
                subset.remove(subset.size() - 1);
                search(a, x+1);
            }
        }
    }

    public static int gcd(int a, int b) {
        while (b != 0) {
            int t = b;
            b = a % b;
            a = t;
        }
        return a;
    }

    public static int lcm(int a, int b) {
        return (a*b)/gcd(a, b);
    }

    public static int[] prefixSum(int[] a) {
        int n = a.length;
        int[] ps = new int[n];
        ps[0] = a[0];

        for (int i = 1; i<n; i++) {
            ps[i] = ps[i-1] + a[i];
        }

        return ps;
    }

    public static int[][] prefixSum2D(int[][] a) {
        int n = a.length;
        int m = a[0].length;
        int[][] ps = new int[n][m];
        ps[0][0] = a[0][0];

        for (int j = 1; j<m; j++) {
            ps[0][j] = ps[0][j-1] + a[0][j];
        }
        for (int i = 1; i<n; i++) {
            ps[i][0] = ps[i-1][0] + a[i][0];
        }

        for (int i = 1; i<n; i++) {
            for (int j = 1; j<m; j++) {
                ps[i][j] = ps[i-1][j] + ps[i][j-1] - ps[i-1][j-1] + a[i][j];
            }
        }

        return ps;
    }

    public static double log2(double a) {
        return log(a)/log(2);
    }

    //----------------------------------------DATA-STRUCTURES-----------------------------------------------------------

    // Range queries (i.e. RMQ) in O(1), others with functions in O(log n)
    public static class SparseTable {
        int[][] st;
        int n;
        int k;

        public SparseTable(int[] a) {
            n = a.length;
            k = (int) log2(n);
            st = new int[n][k+1];

            for (int i = 0; i<n; i++) {
                st[i][0] = a[i];
            }

            // 1<<j == 2^j
            for (int j = 1; j<=k; j++) {
                for (int i = 0; i + (1 << j) <= n; i++) {
                    st[i][j] = min(st[i][j-1], st[i + (1 << (j - 1))][j - 1]);
                }
            }
        }

        //not always available O(log n) -- change the constructor to use it
        public long sumQuery(int l, int r) {
            long sum = 0;
            for (int j = k; j>=0; j--) {
                if ((1 << j) <= r - l + 1) {
                    sum += st[l][j];
                    l += 1 << j;
                }
            }

            return sum;
        }

        //always available O(1) -- change this and the constructor for rangeMaxQuery
        public int rangeMinQuery(int l, int r) {
            int j = (int) log2(r - l + 1);
            int min = min(st[l][j], st[r - (1 << j) + 1][j]);
            return min;
        }

    }

    //Range Sum Dynamic Queries O(log n)
    public static class BinaryIndexedTree {

        int[] bit;

        public BinaryIndexedTree(int[] a) {
            int n = a.length;
            bit = new int[n+1];
            // Store the actual values in BITree[]
            // using update()
            for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
                updateBit(i, a[i]);
        }

        // O(log n) update delta at index in the array (do it on the array and then call this function)
        public void updateBit(int index, int delta) {
            index += 1;

            while (index <= bit.length) {
                bit[index] += delta;

                index += index & (-index);
            }
        }

        // Computes sum a[0...index] in O(log n)
        public int getSum(int index) {
            int sum = 0;

            index += 1;

            while (index > 0) {
                sum += bit[index];

                index -= index & (-index);
            }

            return sum;
        }
    }

    public static class UnionFind {

        int[] link;
        int[] size;

        UnionFind(int n) {
            link = new int[n];
            size = new int[n];
            for (int i = 0; i<n; i++) {
                link[i] = i;
                size[i] = 1;
            }
        }

        int find(int x) {
            while (x != link[x]) x = link[x];
            return x;
        }

        boolean same(int a, int b) {
            return find(a) == find(b);
        }

        void unite(int a, int b) {
            a = find(a);
            b = find(b);

            if (size[a] < size[b]) {
                int temp = a;
                a = b;
                b = temp;
            }

            size[a] += size[b];
            link[b] = a;
        }
    }

    public static class SegmentTree {

        int st[];

        public SegmentTree(int arr[]) {
            int n = arr.length;

            int x = (int) (Math.ceil(log2(n)));

            int maxSize = 2 * (int) Math.pow(2, x) - 1;

            st = new int[maxSize];

            build(arr, 0, n-1, 0);
        }

        int build(int arr[], int ss, int se, int si) {
            if (ss == se) {
                st[si] = arr[ss];
                return arr[ss];
            }

            int mid = ss + (se - ss) / 2; //ss+se/2

            st[si] = build(arr, ss, mid, si * 2 + 1) +
                    build(arr, mid + 1, se, si * 2 + 2);
            return st[si];
        }

        private int getSumUtil(int ss, int se, int l, int r, int si) {
            if (l <= ss && r >= se) {
                return st[si];
            }

            if (se < l || ss > r) {
                return 0;
            }

            int mid = ss + (se - ss) / 2;
            return getSumUtil(ss, mid, l, r, 2 * si + 1) +
                    getSumUtil(mid + 1, se, l, r, 2 * si + 2);
        }

        void updateValueUtil(int ss, int se, int i, int diff, int si) {
            if (i < ss || i > se) {
                return;
            }

            st[si] = st[si] + diff;
            if (se != ss) {
                int mid = ss + (se - ss) / 2;
                updateValueUtil(ss, mid, i, diff, 2 * si + 1);
                updateValueUtil(mid + 1, se, i, diff, 2 * si + 2);
            }
        }

        int getSum(int n, int l, int r) {
            if (l < 0 || r > n - 1 || l > r) {
                return -1;
            }

            return getSumUtil(0, n-1, l, r, 0);
        }

        // don't do it directly on the array but use this function that will
        // do everything for you
        void updateValue(int arr[], int n, int i, int newValue) {
            if (i < 0 || i > n - 1) {
                return;
            }

            int diff = newValue - arr[i];

            arr[i] = newValue;

            updateValueUtil(0, n - 1, i, diff, 0);
        }
    }

    // Similar to Pair in c++, non-null objects as parameters
    public static class Pair<T extends Comparable<T>, Q extends Comparable<Q>> implements Comparable<Pair<T, Q>>{
        T a;
        Q b;

        public Pair(T a, Q b) {
            this.a = a;
            this.b = b;
        }

        @Override
        public boolean equals(Object o) {
            if (this == o) return true;
            if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
            Pair<?, ?> pair = (Pair<?, ?>) o;
            return a.equals(pair.a) && b.equals(pair.b);
        }

        @Override
        public int hashCode() {
            return Objects.hash(a, b);
        }


        @Override
        public int compareTo(Pair<T, Q> tqPair) {
            int compareA = this.a.compareTo(tqPair.a);

            if (compareA == 0) {
                return this.b.compareTo(tqPair.b);
            } else {
                return compareA;
            }
        }
    }

    // Uses Map + TreeSet to get the structure
    public static class OrderedMultiSet<T extends Comparable<T>> {
        private final TreeSet<T> set = new TreeSet<>();
        private final Map<T, Integer> frequencies = new HashMap<>();
        private int size = 0;

        public OrderedMultiSet() {}

        public OrderedMultiSet(List<T> a) {
            for (T x: a) {
                this.add(x);
                size++;
            }
        }

        public void add(T element) {
            set.add(element);
            if (!frequencies.containsKey(element)) {
                frequencies.put(element, 0);
            }
            frequencies.put(element, frequencies.get(element) + 1);
            size++;
        }

        public boolean remove(T element) {
            if (frequencies.containsKey(element)) {
                int x = frequencies.get(element);
                x--;
                if (x == 0) {
                    frequencies.remove(element);
                    set.remove(element);
                } else {
                    frequencies.put(element, frequencies.get(element) - 1);
                }
                size--;
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }

        public int size() {
            return size;
        }

        public T first() {
            return set.first();
        }

        public T last() {
            return set.last();
        }

        public T pollFirst() {
            T t = set.first();
            remove(t);
            return t;
        }

        public T pollLast() {
            T t = set.last();
            set.
            remove(t);
            return t;
        }
    }
}