The grasshopper is located on the numeric axis at the point with coordinate x_0.

Having nothing else to do he starts jumping between integer points on the axis. Making a jump from a point with coordinate x with a distance d to the left moves the grasshopper to a point with a coordinate x - d, while jumping to the right moves him to a point with a coordinate x + d.

The grasshopper is very fond of positive integers, so for each integer i starting with 1 the following holds: exactly i minutes after the start he makes a jump with a distance of exactly i. So, in the first minutes he jumps by 1, then by 2, and so on.

The direction of a jump is determined as follows: if the point where the grasshopper was before the jump has an even coordinate, the grasshopper jumps to the left, otherwise he jumps to the right.

For example, if after 18 consecutive jumps he arrives at the point with a coordinate 7, he will jump by a distance of 19 to the right, since 7 is an odd number, and will end up at a point 7 + 19 = 26. Since 26 is an even number, the next jump the grasshopper will make to the left by a distance of 20, and it will move him to the point 26 - 20 = 6.

Find exactly which point the grasshopper will be at after exactly n jumps.

Input

The first line of input contains an integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 10^4) — the number of test cases.

Each of the following t lines contains two integers x_0 (-10^{14} ≤ x_0 ≤ 10^{14}) and n (0 ≤ n ≤ 10^{14}) — the coordinate of the grasshopper's initial position and the number of jumps.

Output

Print exactly t lines. On the i-th line print one integer — the answer to the i-th test case — the coordinate of the point the grasshopper will be at after making n jumps from the point x_0.

Example

Input


9
0 1
0 2
10 10
10 99
177 13
10000000000 987654321
-433494437 87178291199
1 0
-1 1


Output


-1
1
11
110
190
9012345679
-87611785637
1
0

Note

The first two test cases in the example correspond to the first two jumps from the point x_0 = 0. 

Since 0 is an even number, the first jump of length 1 is made to the left, and the grasshopper ends up at the point 0 - 1 = -1.

Then, since -1 is an odd number, a jump of length 2 is made to the right, bringing the grasshopper to the point with coordinate -1 + 2 = 1.
9
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

import static java.lang.Math.max;
import static java.lang.Math.min;
import static java.lang.Math.abs;
import java.util.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.math.*;

/**
 *
 * @Har_Har_Mahadev
 */

/**
 * Main , Solution , Remove Public
 */
public class B {

	public static void process() throws IOException {

		long x = sc.nextLong(),n = sc.nextLong();
		
		if(x%2 == 0) {
			long val = n%4;
			long ans = x;
			if(val == 0) {
				System.out.println(x);
				return;
			}
			if(val == 1) {
				ans-=n;
				System.out.println(ans);
				return;
			}
			if(val == 2) {
				ans++;
				System.out.println(ans);
				return;
			}
			ans+=1+n;
			System.out.println(ans);
		}
		else {
			long val = n%4;
			long ans = x;
			if(val == 0) {
				System.out.println(x);
				return;
			}
			if(val == 1) {
				ans+=n;
				System.out.println(ans);
				return;
			}
			if(val == 2) {
				ans--;
				System.out.println(ans);
				return;
			}
			ans-=(1+n);
			System.out.println(ans);
			
		}

	}

	//=============================================================================
	//--------------------------The End---------------------------------
	//=============================================================================
	private static long INF = 2000000000000000000L, M = 1000000007, MM = 998244353;
	private static int N = 0;

	private static void google(int tt) {
		System.out.print("Case #" + (tt) + ": ");
	}

	static FastScanner sc;
	static FastWriter out;

	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
		boolean oj = true;
		if (oj) {
			sc = new FastScanner();
			out = new FastWriter(System.out);
		} else {
			sc = new FastScanner("input.txt");
			out = new FastWriter("output.txt");
		}
		long s = System.currentTimeMillis();
		int t = 1;
		t = sc.nextInt();
		int TTT = 1;
		while (t-- > 0) {
			//			google(TTT++);
			process();
		}
		out.flush();
		//		tr(System.currentTimeMillis()-s+"ms");
	}

	private static boolean oj = System.getProperty("ONLINE_JUDGE") != null;

	private static void tr(Object... o) {
		if (!oj)
			System.err.println(Arrays.deepToString(o));
	}

	static class Pair implements Comparable<Pair> {
		int x, y;

		Pair(int x, int y) {
			this.x = x;
			this.y = y;
		}

		@Override
		public int compareTo(Pair o) {
			return Integer.compare(this.x, o.x);
		}

		/*
		 	@Override
		    public boolean equals(Object o) {
		        if (this == o) return true;
		        if (!(o instanceof Pair)) return false;
		        Pair key = (Pair) o;
		        return x == key.x && y == key.y;
		    }
		 
		    @Override
		    public int hashCode() {
		        int result = x;
		        result = 31 * result + y;
		        return result;
		    }
		*/
	}

	/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

	static int ceil(int x, int y) {
		return (x % y == 0 ? x / y : (x / y + 1));
	}

	static long ceil(long x, long y) {
		return (x % y == 0 ? x / y : (x / y + 1));
	}

	static long sqrt(long z) {
		long sqz = (long) Math.sqrt(z);
		while (sqz * 1L * sqz < z) {
			sqz++;
		}
		while (sqz * 1L * sqz > z) {
			sqz--;
		}
		return sqz;
	}

	static int log2(int N) {
		int result = (int) (Math.log(N) / Math.log(2));
		return result;
	}

	public static long gcd(long a, long b) {
		if (a > b)
			a = (a + b) - (b = a);
		if (a == 0L)
			return b;
		return gcd(b % a, a);
	}

	public static long lcm(long a, long b) {
		return (a * b) / gcd(a, b);
	}

	public static int lower_bound(int[] arr, int x) {
		int low = 0, high = arr.length - 1, mid = -1;
		int ans = -1;
		while (low <= high) {
			mid = (low + high) / 2;

			if (arr[mid] > x) {
				high = mid - 1;
			} else {
				ans = mid;
				low = mid + 1;
			}
		}

		return ans;
	}

	public static int upper_bound(int[] arr, int x) {
		int low = 0, high = arr.length - 1, mid = -1;
		int ans = arr.length;
		while (low < high) {
			mid = (low + high) / 2;

			if (arr[mid] >= x) {
				ans = mid;
				high = mid - 1;
			} else {
				low = mid + 1;
			}
		}

		return ans;
	}

	static void ruffleSort(int[] a) {
		Random get = new Random();
		for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
			int r = get.nextInt(a.length);
			int temp = a[i];
			a[i] = a[r];
			a[r] = temp;
		}
		Arrays.sort(a);
	}

	static void ruffleSort(long[] a) {
		Random get = new Random();
		for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
			int r = get.nextInt(a.length);
			long temp = a[i];
			a[i] = a[r];
			a[r] = temp;
		}
		Arrays.sort(a);
	}

	static void reverseArray(int[] a) {
		int n = a.length;
		int arr[] = new int[n];
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
			arr[i] = a[n - i - 1];
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
			a[i] = arr[i];
	}

	static void reverseArray(long[] a) {
		int n = a.length;
		long arr[] = new long[n];
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
			arr[i] = a[n - i - 1];
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
			a[i] = arr[i];
	}

	//custom multiset (replace with HashMap if needed)
	public static void push(TreeMap<Integer, Integer> map, int k, int v) {
		//map[k] += v;
		if (!map.containsKey(k))
			map.put(k, v);
		else
			map.put(k, map.get(k) + v);
	}

	public static void pull(TreeMap<Integer, Integer> map, int k, int v) {
		//assumes map[k] >= v
		//map[k] -= v
		int lol = map.get(k);
		if (lol == v)
			map.remove(k);
		else
			map.put(k, lol - v);
	}

	// compress Big value to Time Limit
	public static int[] compress(int[] arr) {
		ArrayList<Integer> ls = new ArrayList<Integer>();
		for (int x : arr)
			ls.add(x);
		Collections.sort(ls);
		HashMap<Integer, Integer> map = new HashMap<Integer, Integer>();
		int boof = 1; //min value
		for (int x : ls)
			if (!map.containsKey(x))
				map.put(x, boof++);
		int[] brr = new int[arr.length];
		for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++)
			brr[i] = map.get(arr[i]);
		return brr;
	}

	// Fast Writer 

	public static class FastWriter {
		private static final int BUF_SIZE = 1 << 13;
		private final byte[] buf = new byte[BUF_SIZE];
		private final OutputStream out;
		private int ptr = 0;

		private FastWriter() {
			out = null;
		}

		public FastWriter(OutputStream os) {
			this.out = os;
		}

		public FastWriter(String path) {
			try {
				this.out = new FileOutputStream(path);
			} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
				throw new RuntimeException("FastWriter");
			}
		}

		public FastWriter write(byte b) {
			buf[ptr++] = b;
			if (ptr == BUF_SIZE)
				innerflush();
			return this;
		}

		public FastWriter write(char c) {
			return write((byte) c);
		}

		public FastWriter write(char[] s) {
			for (char c : s) {
				buf[ptr++] = (byte) c;
				if (ptr == BUF_SIZE)
					innerflush();
			}
			return this;
		}

		public FastWriter write(String s) {
			s.chars().forEach(c -> {
				buf[ptr++] = (byte) c;
				if (ptr == BUF_SIZE)
					innerflush();
			});
			return this;
		}

		private static int countDigits(int l) {
			if (l >= 1000000000)
				return 10;
			if (l >= 100000000)
				return 9;
			if (l >= 10000000)
				return 8;
			if (l >= 1000000)
				return 7;
			if (l >= 100000)
				return 6;
			if (l >= 10000)
				return 5;
			if (l >= 1000)
				return 4;
			if (l >= 100)
				return 3;
			if (l >= 10)
				return 2;
			return 1;
		}

		public FastWriter write(int x) {
			if (x == Integer.MIN_VALUE) {
				return write((long) x);
			}
			if (ptr + 12 >= BUF_SIZE)
				innerflush();
			if (x < 0) {
				write((byte) '-');
				x = -x;
			}
			int d = countDigits(x);
			for (int i = ptr + d - 1; i >= ptr; i--) {
				buf[i] = (byte) ('0' + x % 10);
				x /= 10;
			}
			ptr += d;
			return this;
		}

		private static int countDigits(long l) {
			if (l >= 1000000000000000000L)
				return 19;
			if (l >= 100000000000000000L)
				return 18;
			if (l >= 10000000000000000L)
				return 17;
			if (l >= 1000000000000000L)
				return 16;
			if (l >= 100000000000000L)
				return 15;
			if (l >= 10000000000000L)
				return 14;
			if (l >= 1000000000000L)
				return 13;
			if (l >= 100000000000L)
				return 12;
			if (l >= 10000000000L)
				return 11;
			if (l >= 1000000000L)
				return 10;
			if (l >= 100000000L)
				return 9;
			if (l >= 10000000L)
				return 8;
			if (l >= 1000000L)
				return 7;
			if (l >= 100000L)
				return 6;
			if (l >= 10000L)
				return 5;
			if (l >= 1000L)
				return 4;
			if (l >= 100L)
				return 3;
			if (l >= 10L)
				return 2;
			return 1;
		}

		public FastWriter write(long x) {
			if (x == Long.MIN_VALUE) {
				return write("" + x);
			}
			if (ptr + 21 >= BUF_SIZE)
				innerflush();
			if (x < 0) {
				write((byte) '-');
				x = -x;
			}
			int d = countDigits(x);
			for (int i = ptr + d - 1; i >= ptr; i--) {
				buf[i] = (byte) ('0' + x % 10);
				x /= 10;
			}
			ptr += d;
			return this;
		}

		public FastWriter write(double x, int precision) {
			if (x < 0) {
				write('-');
				x = -x;
			}
			x += Math.pow(10, -precision) / 2;
			//		if(x < 0){ x = 0; }
			write((long) x).write(".");
			x -= (long) x;
			for (int i = 0; i < precision; i++) {
				x *= 10;
				write((char) ('0' + (int) x));
				x -= (int) x;
			}
			return this;
		}

		public FastWriter writeln(char c) {
			return write(c).writeln();
		}

		public FastWriter writeln(int x) {
			return write(x).writeln();
		}

		public FastWriter writeln(long x) {
			return write(x).writeln();
		}

		public FastWriter writeln(double x, int precision) {
			return write(x, precision).writeln();
		}

		public FastWriter write(int... xs) {
			boolean first = true;
			for (int x : xs) {
				if (!first)
					write(' ');
				first = false;
				write(x);
			}
			return this;
		}

		public FastWriter write(long... xs) {
			boolean first = true;
			for (long x : xs) {
				if (!first)
					write(' ');
				first = false;
				write(x);
			}
			return this;
		}

		public FastWriter writeln() {
			return write((byte) '\n');
		}

		public FastWriter writeln(int... xs) {
			return write(xs).writeln();
		}

		public FastWriter writeln(long... xs) {
			return write(xs).writeln();
		}

		public FastWriter writeln(char[] line) {
			return write(line).writeln();
		}

		public FastWriter writeln(char[]... map) {
			for (char[] line : map)
				write(line).writeln();
			return this;
		}

		public FastWriter writeln(String s) {
			return write(s).writeln();
		}

		private void innerflush() {
			try {
				out.write(buf, 0, ptr);
				ptr = 0;
			} catch (IOException e) {
				throw new RuntimeException("innerflush");
			}
		}

		public void flush() {
			innerflush();
			try {
				out.flush();
			} catch (IOException e) {
				throw new RuntimeException("flush");
			}
		}

		public FastWriter print(byte b) {
			return write(b);
		}

		public FastWriter print(char c) {
			return write(c);
		}

		public FastWriter print(char[] s) {
			return write(s);
		}

		public FastWriter print(String s) {
			return write(s);
		}

		public FastWriter print(int x) {
			return write(x);
		}

		public FastWriter print(long x) {
			return write(x);
		}

		public FastWriter print(double x, int precision) {
			return write(x, precision);
		}

		public FastWriter println(char c) {
			return writeln(c);
		}

		public FastWriter println(int x) {
			return writeln(x);
		}

		public FastWriter println(long x) {
			return writeln(x);
		}

		public FastWriter println(double x, int precision) {
			return writeln(x, precision);
		}

		public FastWriter print(int... xs) {
			return write(xs);
		}

		public FastWriter print(long... xs) {
			return write(xs);
		}

		public FastWriter println(int... xs) {
			return writeln(xs);
		}

		public FastWriter println(long... xs) {
			return writeln(xs);
		}

		public FastWriter println(char[] line) {
			return writeln(line);
		}

		public FastWriter println(char[]... map) {
			return writeln(map);
		}

		public FastWriter println(String s) {
			return writeln(s);
		}

		public FastWriter println() {
			return writeln();
		}
	}

	// Fast Inputs
	static class FastScanner {
		//I don't understand how this works lmao
		private int BS = 1 << 16;
		private char NC = (char) 0;
		private byte[] buf = new byte[BS];
		private int bId = 0, size = 0;
		private char c = NC;
		private double cnt = 1;
		private BufferedInputStream in;

		public FastScanner() {
			in = new BufferedInputStream(System.in, BS);
		}

		public FastScanner(String s) {
			try {
				in = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(new File(s)), BS);
			} catch (Exception e) {
				in = new BufferedInputStream(System.in, BS);
			}
		}

		private char getChar() {
			while (bId == size) {
				try {
					size = in.read(buf);
				} catch (Exception e) {
					return NC;
				}
				if (size == -1)
					return NC;
				bId = 0;
			}
			return (char) buf[bId++];
		}

		public int nextInt() {
			return (int) nextLong();
		}

		public int[] readArray(int N) {
			int[] res = new int[N];
			for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
				res[i] = (int) nextLong();
			}
			return res;
		}

		public long[] readArrayLong(int N) {
			long[] res = new long[N];
			for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
				res[i] = nextLong();
			}
			return res;
		}

		public int[][] readArrayMatrix(int N, int M, int Index) {
			if (Index == 0) {
				int[][] res = new int[N][M];
				for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
					for (int j = 0; j < M; j++)
						res[i][j] = (int) nextLong();
				}
				return res;
			}
			int[][] res = new int[N][M];
			for (int i = 1; i <= N; i++) {
				for (int j = 1; j <= M; j++)
					res[i][j] = (int) nextLong();
			}
			return res;

		}

		public long[][] readArrayMatrixLong(int N, int M, int Index) {
			if (Index == 0) {
				long[][] res = new long[N][M];
				for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
					for (int j = 0; j < M; j++)
						res[i][j] = nextLong();
				}
				return res;
			}
			long[][] res = new long[N][M];
			for (int i = 1; i <= N; i++) {
				for (int j = 1; j <= M; j++)
					res[i][j] = nextLong();
			}
			return res;

		}

		public long nextLong() {
			cnt = 1;
			boolean neg = false;
			if (c == NC)
				c = getChar();
			for (; (c < '0' || c > '9'); c = getChar()) {
				if (c == '-')
					neg = true;
			}
			long res = 0;
			for (; c >= '0' && c <= '9'; c = getChar()) {
				res = (res << 3) + (res << 1) + c - '0';
				cnt *= 10;
			}
			return neg ? -res : res;
		}

		public double nextDouble() {
			double cur = nextLong();
			return c != '.' ? cur : cur + nextLong() / cnt;
		}

		public double[] readArrayDouble(int N) {
			double[] res = new double[N];
			for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
				res[i] = nextDouble();
			}
			return res;
		}

		public String next() {
			StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
			while (c <= 32)
				c = getChar();
			while (c > 32) {
				res.append(c);
				c = getChar();
			}
			return res.toString();
		}

		public String nextLine() {
			StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
			while (c <= 32)
				c = getChar();
			while (c != '\n') {
				res.append(c);
				c = getChar();
			}
			return res.toString();
		}

		public boolean hasNext() {
			if (c > 32)
				return true;
			while (true) {
				c = getChar();
				if (c == NC)
					return false;
				else if (c > 32)
					return true;
			}
		}
	}

}
