Lord Omkar would like to have a tree with n nodes (3 ≤ n ≤ 10^5) and has asked his disciples to construct the tree. However, Lord Omkar has created m (1 ≤ m < n) restrictions to ensure that the tree will be as heavenly as possible. 

A tree with n nodes is an connected undirected graph with n nodes and n-1 edges. Note that for any two nodes, there is exactly one simple path between them, where a simple path is a path between two nodes that does not contain any node more than once.

Here is an example of a tree: 

<image>

A restriction consists of 3 pairwise distinct integers, a, b, and c (1 ≤ a,b,c ≤ n). It signifies that node b cannot lie on the simple path between node a and node c. 

Can you help Lord Omkar and become his most trusted disciple? You will need to find heavenly trees for multiple sets of restrictions. It can be shown that a heavenly tree will always exist for any set of restrictions under the given constraints.

Input

Each test contains multiple test cases. The first line contains the number of test cases t (1 ≤ t ≤ 10^4). Description of the test cases follows.

The first line of each test case contains two integers, n and m (3 ≤ n ≤ 10^5, 1 ≤ m < n), representing the size of the tree and the number of restrictions.

The i-th of the next m lines contains three integers a_i, b_i, c_i (1 ≤ a_i, b_i, c_i ≤ n, a, b, c are distinct), signifying that node b_i cannot lie on the simple path between nodes a_i and c_i. 

It is guaranteed that the sum of n across all test cases will not exceed 10^5.

Output

For each test case, output n-1 lines representing the n-1 edges in the tree. On each line, output two integers u and v (1 ≤ u, v ≤ n, u ≠ v) signifying that there is an edge between nodes u and v. Given edges have to form a tree that satisfies Omkar's restrictions.

Example

Input


2
7 4
1 2 3
3 4 5
5 6 7
6 5 4
5 3
1 2 3
2 3 4
3 4 5


Output


1 2
1 3
3 5
3 4
2 7
7 6
5 1
1 3
3 2
2 4

Note

The output of the first sample case corresponds to the following tree: 

<image> For the first restriction, the simple path between 1 and 3 is 1, 3, which doesn't contain 2. The simple path between 3 and 5 is 3, 5, which doesn't contain 4. The simple path between 5 and 7 is 5, 3, 1, 2, 7, which doesn't contain 6. The simple path between 6 and 4 is 6, 7, 2, 1, 3, 4, which doesn't contain 5. Thus, this tree meets all of the restrictions.

The output of the second sample case corresponds to the following tree: 

<image>
import java.util.*;

import java.io.*;
import java.math.*;


/**
 * @author Naitik
 * 
 */
public class Main

{ 
	 static FastReader sc=new FastReader(); 
	 static long dp[][][];
	 //static int v[][];
	 static int mod=998244353;;
//	 static int mod=1000000007;
	 static long max;
	 static long bit[];
	 static long bit1[];
//	 static long seg[];
	 //static long fact[];
//	 static long A[];
	// static TreeMap<Integer,Integer> map;
	 //static StringBuffer sb=new StringBuffer("");
	 static HashMap<Integer,Integer> map;
	   static PrintWriter out=new PrintWriter(System.out);
	  public static void main(String[] args)
{
		  
		 //  StringBuffer sb=new StringBuffer("");
		  int ttt=1;
		      ttt =i();
	        outer :while (ttt-- > 0) 
			{
	        	int n=i();
	        	int m=i();
	        	int A[]=new int[n+1];
	        	for(int i=0;i<m;i++) {
	        		int a=i();
	        		a=i();
	        		A[a]++;
	        		a=i();
	        	}
	        	int r=0;
	        	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) {
	        		if(A[i]==0) {
	        			r=i;
	        			break;
	        		}
	        	}
	        	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) {
	        		if(i==r) {
	        			continue;
	        		}
	        		out.println(i+" "+r);
	        	}
	        	
	        	
	        	
	        }
	        //System.out.println(sb.toString());
		     out.close();
	     
	     
	    //CHECK FOR N=1                    //CHECK FOR M=0
        //CHECK FOR N=1                    //CHECK FOR M=0
       	//CHECK FOR N=1
       	
		        
		     
    } 
	  
	

		  
	
static class Pair implements Comparable<Pair>
     {
    	 int x;
    	 int y;
    	 int z;
    	 Pair(int x,int y){
    		 this.x=x;
    		 this.y=y;
    		// this.z=z;
    		 
    	 }
		@Override
		public int compareTo(Pair o) {
			if(this.x>o.x)
				return +1;
			else if(this.x<o.x)
				return -1;
			else {
				if(this.y>o.y)
					return 1;
				else if(this.y<o.y)
					return -1;
				else
					return 0;
			}
		}
		public int hashCode() 
		{ 
			final int temp = 14; 
			int ans = 1; 
			ans =x*31+y*13; 
			return ans; 
		} 
		@Override
		public boolean equals(Object o) 
		{ 
			if (this == o) { 
				return true; 
			} 
			if (o == null) { 
				return false; 
			} 
			if (this.getClass() != o.getClass()) { 
				return false; 
			} 
			Pair other = (Pair)o; 
			if (this.x != other.x || this.y!=other.y) { 
				return false; 
			} 
			return true; 
		} 	
//		
		/* FOR TREE MAP PAIR USE */
		
//		public int compareTo(Pair o) {
// 			if (x > o.x) {
// 				return 1;
// 			}
// 			if (x < o.x) {
// 				return -1;
// 			}
// 			if (y > o.y) {
// 				return 1;
// 			}
// 			if (y < o.y) {
// 				return -1;
// 			}
// 			return 0;
// 		}
		
     }

//static int find(int A[],int a) {
//	  if(A[a]<0)
//		  return a;
//	  return A[a]=find(A, A[a]);
//}
static int find(int A[],int a) {
	  if(A[a]==a)
		  return a;
	  return A[a]=find(A, A[a]);
}
//FENWICK TREE
static void update(int i, int x){
	for(; i < bit.length; i += (i&-i))
		bit[i] += x;
}

static int sum(int i){
	int ans = 0;
	for(; i > 0; i -= (i&-i))
		ans += bit[i];
	return ans;
}
static void update1(int i, long x){
	for(; i < bit1.length; i += (i&-i))
		bit1[i] += x;
}

static int sum1(int i){
	int ans = 0;
	for(; i > 0; i -= (i&-i))
		ans += bit1[i];
	return ans;
}
//END
static void add(int v) {
	if(!map.containsKey(v)) {
		map.put(v, 1);
	}
	else {
		map.put(v, map.get(v)+1);
	}
}
static void remove(int v) {
	if(map.containsKey(v)) {
		map.put(v, map.get(v)-1);
		if(map.get(v)==0)
			map.remove(v);
	}
}
public static int upper(int A[],int k,int si,int ei)
{
	int l=si;
	int u=ei;
	int ans=-1;
	while(l<=u) {
		int mid=(l+u)/2;
		if(A[mid]<=k) {
			ans=mid;
			l=mid+1;
		}
		else {
			u=mid-1;
		}
	}
	return ans;
}
public static int lower(int A[],int k,int si,int ei)
{
	int l=si;
	int u=ei;
	int ans=-1;
	while(l<=u) {
		int mid=(l+u)/2;
		if(A[mid]<=k) {
			l=mid+1;
		}
		else {
			ans=mid;
			u=mid-1;
		}
	}
	return ans;
	
    
}
static int[] copy(int A[]) {
	int B[]=new int[A.length];
	for(int i=0;i<A.length;i++) {
		B[i]=A[i];
	}
	return B;
}
static long[] copy(long A[]) {
	long B[]=new long[A.length];
	for(int i=0;i<A.length;i++) {
		B[i]=A[i];
	}
	return B;
}
static int[] input(int n) {
	int A[]=new int[n];
	   for(int i=0;i<n;i++) {
		   A[i]=sc.nextInt();
	   }
	   return A;
   }
static long[] inputL(int n) {
	long A[]=new long[n];
	   for(int i=0;i<n;i++) {
		   A[i]=sc.nextLong();
	   }
	   return A;
   }
static String[] inputS(int n) {
	String A[]=new String[n];
	   for(int i=0;i<n;i++) {
		   A[i]=sc.next();
	   }
	   return A;
   }
static long sum(int A[]) {
	long sum=0;
	for(int i : A) {
		sum+=i;
	}
	return sum;
}
static long sum(long A[]) {
	long sum=0;
	for(long i : A) {
		sum+=i;
	}
	return sum;
}
static void reverse(long A[]) {
	int n=A.length;
	long B[]=new long[n];
	for(int i=0;i<n;i++) {
		B[i]=A[n-i-1];
	}
	for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
		A[i]=B[i];
	
}
static void reverse(int A[]) {
	int n=A.length;
	int B[]=new int[n];
	for(int i=0;i<n;i++) {
		B[i]=A[n-i-1];
	}
	for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
		A[i]=B[i];
	
}
static void input(int A[],int B[]) {
	   for(int i=0;i<A.length;i++) {
		   A[i]=sc.nextInt();
		   B[i]=sc.nextInt();
	   }
}
static int[][] input(int n,int m){
	int A[][]=new int[n][m];
	for(int i=0;i<n;i++) {
		for(int j=0;j<m;j++) {
			A[i][j]=i();
		}
	}
	return A;
}
static char[][] charinput(int n,int m){
	char A[][]=new char[n][m];
	for(int i=0;i<n;i++) {
		String s=s();
		for(int j=0;j<m;j++) {
			A[i][j]=s.charAt(j);
		}
	}
	return A;
}

static int max(int A[]) {
	int max=Integer.MIN_VALUE;
	for(int i=0;i<A.length;i++) {
		max=Math.max(max, A[i]);
	}
	return max;
}
static int min(int A[]) {
	int min=Integer.MAX_VALUE;
	for(int i=0;i<A.length;i++) {
		min=Math.min(min, A[i]);
	}
	return min;
}
static long max(long A[]) {
	long max=Long.MIN_VALUE;
	for(int i=0;i<A.length;i++) {
		max=Math.max(max, A[i]);
	}
	return max;
}
static long min(long A[]) {
	long min=Long.MAX_VALUE;
	for(int i=0;i<A.length;i++) {
		min=Math.min(min, A[i]);
	}
	return min;
}
static long [] prefix(long A[]) {
	long p[]=new long[A.length];
	p[0]=A[0];
	for(int i=1;i<A.length;i++)
		p[i]=p[i-1]+A[i];
	return p;
}
static long [] prefix(int A[]) {
	long p[]=new long[A.length];
	p[0]=A[0];
	for(int i=1;i<A.length;i++)
		p[i]=p[i-1]+A[i];
	return p;
}
static long [] suffix(long A[]) {
	long p[]=new long[A.length];
	p[A.length-1]=A[A.length-1];
	for(int i=A.length-2;i>=0;i--)
		p[i]=p[i+1]+A[i];
	return p;
}
static long [] suffix(int A[]) {
	long p[]=new long[A.length];
	p[A.length-1]=A[A.length-1];
	for(int i=A.length-2;i>=0;i--)
		p[i]=p[i+1]+A[i];
	return p;
}
static void fill(int dp[]) {
	Arrays.fill(dp, -1);
}
static void fill(int dp[][]) {
	for(int i=0;i<dp.length;i++)
	Arrays.fill(dp[i], -1);
}
static void fill(int dp[][][]) {
	for(int i=0;i<dp.length;i++) {
		for(int j=0;j<dp[0].length;j++) {
			Arrays.fill(dp[i][j],-1);
		}
	}
}
static void fill(int dp[][][][]) {
	for(int i=0;i<dp.length;i++) {
		for(int j=0;j<dp[0].length;j++) {
			for(int k=0;k<dp[0][0].length;k++) {
			Arrays.fill(dp[i][j][k],-1);
			}
		}
	}
}
static void fill(long dp[]) {
	Arrays.fill(dp, -1);
}
static void fill(long dp[][]) {
	for(int i=0;i<dp.length;i++)
	Arrays.fill(dp[i], -1);
}
static void fill(long dp[][][]) {
	for(int i=0;i<dp.length;i++) {
		for(int j=0;j<dp[0].length;j++) {
			Arrays.fill(dp[i][j],-1);
		}
	}
}
static void fill(long dp[][][][]) {
	for(int i=0;i<dp.length;i++) {
		for(int j=0;j<dp[0].length;j++) {
			for(int k=0;k<dp[0][0].length;k++) {
			Arrays.fill(dp[i][j][k],-1);
			}
		}
	}
}
static int min(int a,int b) {
	return Math.min(a, b);
}
static int min(int a,int b,int c) {
	return Math.min(a, Math.min(b, c));
}
static int min(int a,int b,int c,int d) {
	return Math.min(a, Math.min(b, Math.min(c, d)));
}
static int max(int a,int b) {
	return Math.max(a, b);
}
static int max(int a,int b,int c) {
	return Math.max(a, Math.max(b, c));
}
static int max(int a,int b,int c,int d) {
	return Math.max(a, Math.max(b, Math.max(c, d)));
}
static long min(long a,long b) {
	return Math.min(a, b);
}
static long min(long a,long b,long c) {
	return Math.min(a, Math.min(b, c));
}
static long min(long a,long b,long c,long d) {
	return Math.min(a, Math.min(b, Math.min(c, d)));
}
static long max(long a,long b) {
	return Math.max(a, b);
}
static long max(long a,long b,long c) {
	return Math.max(a, Math.max(b, c));
}
static long max(long a,long b,long c,long d) {
	return Math.max(a, Math.max(b, Math.max(c, d)));
}

static long power(long x, long y, long p)
{

	if(y==0)
		return 1;
	if(x==0)
		return 0;
    long res = 1;
    x = x % p;

    while (y > 0) {

        if (y % 2 == 1)
            res = (res * x) % p;

        y = y >> 1; 
        x = (x * x) % p;
    }

    return res;
}
static long power(long x, long y)
{

	if(y==0)
		return 1;
	if(x==0)
		return 0;
    long res = 1;

    while (y > 0) {

        if (y % 2 == 1)
            res = (res * x);

        y = y >> 1; 
        x = (x * x);
    }

    return res;
}
static void print(int A[]) {
	for(int i : A) {
		System.out.print(i+" ");
	}
	System.out.println();
}
static void print(long A[]) {
	for(long i : A) {
		System.out.print(i+" ");
	}
	System.out.println();
}
static long mod(long x) {
	  return ((x%mod + mod)%mod);
}
static String reverse(String s) {
	StringBuffer p=new StringBuffer(s);
	p.reverse();
	return p.toString();
}

     static int i() {
    	 return sc.nextInt();
     }
     static String s() {
    	 return sc.next();
     }
     static long l() {
    	 return sc.nextLong();
     }  
     static void sort(int[] A){
        int n = A.length;
        Random rnd = new Random();
        for(int i=0; i<n; ++i){
            int tmp = A[i];
            int randomPos = i + rnd.nextInt(n-i);
            A[i] = A[randomPos];
            A[randomPos] = tmp;
        }
        Arrays.sort(A);
     }
     static void sort(long[] A){
	        int n = A.length;
	        Random rnd = new Random();
	        for(int i=0; i<n; ++i){
	            long tmp = A[i];
	            int randomPos = i + rnd.nextInt(n-i);
	            A[i] = A[randomPos];
	            A[randomPos] = tmp;
	        }
	        Arrays.sort(A);
	     }
  static String sort(String s) {
 	 Character ch[]=new Character[s.length()];
 	 for(int i=0;i<s.length();i++) {
 		 ch[i]=s.charAt(i);
 	 }
 	 Arrays.sort(ch);
 	 StringBuffer st=new StringBuffer("");
 	 for(int i=0;i<s.length();i++) {
 		 st.append(ch[i]);
 	 }
 	 return st.toString();
  }
  static HashMap<Integer,Integer> hash(int A[]){
	  HashMap<Integer,Integer> map=new HashMap<Integer, Integer>();
	  for(int i : A) {
		  if(map.containsKey(i)) {
			  map.put(i, map.get(i)+1);
		  }
		  else {
			  map.put(i, 1);
		  }
	  }
	  return map;
  }
  static TreeMap<Integer,Integer> tree(int A[]){
	  TreeMap<Integer,Integer> map=new TreeMap<Integer, Integer>();
	  for(int i : A) {
		  if(map.containsKey(i)) {
			  map.put(i, map.get(i)+1);
		  }
		  else {
			  map.put(i, 1);
		  }
	  }
	  return map;
  }
     static boolean prime(int n) 
	    { 
	        if (n <= 1) 
	            return false; 
	        if (n <= 3) 
	            return true; 
	        if (n % 2 == 0 || n % 3 == 0) 
	            return false; 
	        double sq=Math.sqrt(n);
	  
	        for (int i = 5; i <= sq; i = i + 6) 
	            if (n % i == 0 || n % (i + 2) == 0) 
	                return false; 
	        return true; 
	    } 
     static boolean prime(long n) 
	    { 
	        if (n <= 1) 
	            return false; 
	        if (n <= 3) 
	            return true; 
	        if (n % 2 == 0 || n % 3 == 0) 
	            return false; 
	        double sq=Math.sqrt(n);
	  
	        for (int i = 5; i <= sq; i = i + 6) 
	            if (n % i == 0 || n % (i + 2) == 0) 
	                return false; 
	        return true; 
	    } 
     static int gcd(int a, int b) 
     { 
         if (a == 0) 
             return b; 
         return gcd(b % a, a); 
     } 
     static long gcd(long a, long b) 
     { 
         if (a == 0) 
             return b; 
         return gcd(b % a, a); 
     } 
     
        
    static class FastReader 
    { 
        BufferedReader br; 
        StringTokenizer st; 
  
        public FastReader() 
        { 
            br = new BufferedReader(new
                     InputStreamReader(System.in)); 
        } 
  
        String next() 
        { 
            while (st == null || !st.hasMoreElements()) 
            { 
                try
                { 
                    st = new StringTokenizer(br.readLine()); 
                } 
                catch (IOException  e) 
                { 
                    e.printStackTrace(); 
                } 
            } 
            return st.nextToken(); 
        } 
  
        int nextInt() 
        { 
            return Integer.parseInt(next()); 
        } 
  
        long nextLong() 
        { 
            return Long.parseLong(next()); 
        } 
  
        double nextDouble() 
        { 
            return Double.parseDouble(next()); 
        } 
  
        String nextLine() 
        { 
            String str = ""; 
            try
            { 
                str = br.readLine(); 
            } 
            catch (IOException e) 
            { 
                e.printStackTrace(); 
            } 
            return str; 
        } 
    } 
} 



