Lord Omkar would like to have a tree with n nodes (3 ≤ n ≤ 10^5) and has asked his disciples to construct the tree. However, Lord Omkar has created m (1 ≤ m < n) restrictions to ensure that the tree will be as heavenly as possible. 

A tree with n nodes is an connected undirected graph with n nodes and n-1 edges. Note that for any two nodes, there is exactly one simple path between them, where a simple path is a path between two nodes that does not contain any node more than once.

Here is an example of a tree: 

<image>

A restriction consists of 3 pairwise distinct integers, a, b, and c (1 ≤ a,b,c ≤ n). It signifies that node b cannot lie on the simple path between node a and node c. 

Can you help Lord Omkar and become his most trusted disciple? You will need to find heavenly trees for multiple sets of restrictions. It can be shown that a heavenly tree will always exist for any set of restrictions under the given constraints.

Input

Each test contains multiple test cases. The first line contains the number of test cases t (1 ≤ t ≤ 10^4). Description of the test cases follows.

The first line of each test case contains two integers, n and m (3 ≤ n ≤ 10^5, 1 ≤ m < n), representing the size of the tree and the number of restrictions.

The i-th of the next m lines contains three integers a_i, b_i, c_i (1 ≤ a_i, b_i, c_i ≤ n, a, b, c are distinct), signifying that node b_i cannot lie on the simple path between nodes a_i and c_i. 

It is guaranteed that the sum of n across all test cases will not exceed 10^5.

Output

For each test case, output n-1 lines representing the n-1 edges in the tree. On each line, output two integers u and v (1 ≤ u, v ≤ n, u ≠ v) signifying that there is an edge between nodes u and v. Given edges have to form a tree that satisfies Omkar's restrictions.

Example

Input


2
7 4
1 2 3
3 4 5
5 6 7
6 5 4
5 3
1 2 3
2 3 4
3 4 5


Output


1 2
1 3
3 5
3 4
2 7
7 6
5 1
1 3
3 2
2 4

Note

The output of the first sample case corresponds to the following tree: 

<image> For the first restriction, the simple path between 1 and 3 is 1, 3, which doesn't contain 2. The simple path between 3 and 5 is 3, 5, which doesn't contain 4. The simple path between 5 and 7 is 5, 3, 1, 2, 7, which doesn't contain 6. The simple path between 6 and 4 is 6, 7, 2, 1, 3, 4, which doesn't contain 5. Thus, this tree meets all of the restrictions.

The output of the second sample case corresponds to the following tree: 

<image>
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;


public class Practice
{
//	static final long mod=7420738134811L;
	static int mod=1000000007;
	static final int size=20001;
	static FastReader sc=new FastReader(System.in);
//	static Reader sc=new Reader();
	static  PrintWriter out=new PrintWriter(System.out);
//	static {
//		try {
//			sc = new FastReader(new FileInputStream("input.txt"));
//			out = new PrintWriter(new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("output.txt")));
//		} catch (Exception e) {}
//	}
	static long[] factorialNumInverse;
	static long[] naturalNumInverse;	
	static int[] sp;
	static long[] fact;
	static ArrayList<Integer> pr;
	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException
	{
//		System.setIn(new FileInputStream("input.txt"));
//		System.setOut(new PrintStream("output.txt"));
//		factorial(mod);
//		InverseofNumber(mod);
//		InverseofFactorial(mod);
//		make_seive();
		int t=1;
		t=sc.nextInt();
		while(t-->0)
			solve();
		out.close();
		out.flush();
	}
	static void solve() throws IOException
	{
		int n=sc.nextInt(),m=sc.nextInt();
		boolean arr[]=new boolean[n];
		for(int i=0;i<m;i++)
		{
			int a=sc.nextInt(),b=sc.nextInt(),c=sc.nextInt();
			arr[b-1]=true;
		}
		for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
		if(!arr[i])
		{
			int root=i;
			for(int j=1;j<=n;j++)
			if(root+1!=j)
			{
				out.println(root+1+" "+j);
			}
			break;
		}
	}
	static class Pair implements Cloneable, Comparable<Pair>
	{
		int x,y;
		Pair(int a,int b)
		{
			this.x=a;
			this.y=b;
		}
		@Override
		public boolean equals(Object obj) 
		{
			if(obj instanceof  Pair)
			{
				Pair p=(Pair)obj;
				return p.x==this.x && p.y==this.y;
			}
			return false;
		}
		@Override
		public String toString() 
		{
			return "("+x+" "+y+")";
		}
		@Override
		protected Pair clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
			return new Pair(this.x,this.y);
		}
		@Override
		public int compareTo(Pair a) 
		{
			int t= this.x-a.x;
			if(t!=0)
				return t;
			else
				return this.y-a.y;
		}
		
	}
	static class Tuple implements Cloneable, Comparable<Tuple>
	{
		int x,y,z;
		Tuple(int a,int b,int c)
		{
			this.x=a;
			this.y=b;
			this.z=c;
		}
		public boolean equals(Object obj) 
		{
			if(obj instanceof  Tuple)
			{
				Tuple p=(Tuple)obj;
				return p.x==this.x && p.y==this.y && p.z==this.z;
			}
			return false;
		}
		@Override
		public String toString() 
		{
			return "("+x+","+y+","+z+")";
		}
		@Override
		protected Tuple clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
			return new Tuple(this.x,this.y,this.z);
		}
		@Override
		public int compareTo(Tuple a) 
		{
			int x=a.x-this.x;
			if(x!=0)
				return x;
			return a.y-this.y;
		}
	}
	static void arraySort(int arr[])
	{
		ArrayList<Integer> a=new ArrayList<Integer>();
		for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
			a.add(arr[i]);
		}
		Collections.sort(a);
		for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
			arr[i]=a.get(i);
		}
	}
	static void arraySort(long arr[])
	{
		ArrayList<Long> a=new ArrayList<Long>();
		for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
			a.add(arr[i]);
		}
		Collections.sort(a);
		for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
			arr[i]=a.get(i);
		}
	}
	static HashSet<Integer> findFactors(int n)
	{
		HashSet<Integer> ans=new HashSet<Integer>();
		if(n%2==0)
		{
			ans.add(2);
			while((n&1)==0)
				n=n>>1;
		}
		for(int i=3;i*i<=n;i+=2)
		{
			if(n%i==0)
			{
				ans.add(i);
				while(n%i==0)
					n=n/i;
			}
		}
		if(n!=1)
			ans.add(n);
		return ans;
	}
	static void make_seive()
	{
		sp=new int[size];
		pr=new ArrayList<Integer>();
		for (int i=2; i<size; ++i) {
		    if (sp[i] == 0) {
		        sp[i] = i;
		        pr.add(i);
		    }
		    for (int j=0; j<(int)pr.size() && pr.get(j)<=sp[i] && i*pr.get(j)<size; ++j)
		        sp[i * pr.get(j)] = pr.get(j);
		}
	}
	public static void InverseofNumber(int p)
	{
		naturalNumInverse=new long[size];
	    naturalNumInverse[0] = naturalNumInverse[1] = 1;
	    for(int i = 2; i < size; i++)
	        naturalNumInverse[i] = naturalNumInverse[p % i] * (long)(p - p / i) % p;
	}
	// Function to precompute inverse of factorials
	public static void InverseofFactorial(int p)
	{
		factorialNumInverse=new long[size];
	    factorialNumInverse[0] = factorialNumInverse[1] = 1;
	    // pre-compute inverse of natural numbers
	    for(int i = 2; i < size; i++)
	        factorialNumInverse[i] = (naturalNumInverse[i] * factorialNumInverse[i - 1]) % p;
	}
	// Function to calculate factorial of 1 to 200001
	public static void factorial(int p)
	{
		fact=new long[size];
	    fact[0] = 1;
	    for(int i = 1; i < size; i++)
	        fact[i] = (fact[i - 1] * (long)i) % p;
	}
	 
	// Function to return nCr % p in O(1) time
	public static long Binomial(int N, int R)
	{
		if(R<0)
			return 1;
	    // n C r = n!*inverse(r!)*inverse((n-r)!)
	    long ans = ((fact[N] * factorialNumInverse[R]) % mod * factorialNumInverse[N - R]) % mod;
	    return ans;
	}
	static int findXOR(int x)	//from 0 to x
	{
		if(x<0)
			return 0;
		if(x%4==0)
			return x;
		if(x%4==1)
			return 1;
		if(x%4==2)
			return x+1;
		return 0;
	}
	static boolean isPrime(long x)
	{
		if(x==1)
			return false;
		if(x<=3)
			return true;
		if(x%2==0 || x%3==0)
			return false;
		for(int i=5;i<=Math.sqrt(x);i+=2)
			if(x%i==0)
				return false;
		return true;
	}
	static long gcd(long a,long b)
	{
		return (b==0)?a:gcd(b,a%b);
	}
	static int gcd(int a,int b)
	{
		return (b==0)?a:gcd(b,a%b);
	}
	static class Node
	{
		int vertex;
		HashSet<Node> adj;
		boolean rem;
		Node(int ver)
		{
			vertex=ver;
			rem=false;
			adj=new HashSet<Node>();
		}
		@Override
		public String toString() 
		{
			return vertex+" ";
		}
	}
	static class Edge
	{
		Node to;
		int cost;
		Edge(Node t,int c)
		{
			this.to=t;
			this.cost=c;
		}
		@Override
		public String toString() {
			return "("+to.vertex+","+cost+") ";
		}
	}
	static long power(long x, long y)
	  {
	    long res = 1; 
	    x = x % mod; 
	    if (x == 0)
	      return 0; 
	    while (y > 0)
	    {
	    	if ((y & 1) != 0)
	    		res = (res * x) % mod;
	    	
	    	y = y >> 1; // y = y/2
	    	x = (x * x) % mod;
	    }
	    return res;
	  }
	static long binomialCoeff(long n, long k)
    {
        long res = 1;
//        if(k>n)
//        	return 0;
        // Since C(n, k) = C(n, n-k)
        if (k > n - k)
            k = n - k;
 
        // Calculate value of
        // [n * (n-1) *---* (n-k+1)] / [k * (k-1) *----* 1]
        for (long i = 0; i < k; ++i) {
            res *= (n - i);
            res /= (i + 1);
        }
 
        return res;
    }
	static class FastReader
	{
        byte[] buf = new byte[2048];
        int index, total;
        InputStream in;
 
        FastReader(InputStream is) 
        {
            in = is;
        }
 
        int scan() throws IOException 
        {
            if (index >= total) {
                index = 0;
                total = in.read(buf);
                if (total <= 0) {
                    return -1;
                }
            }
            return buf[index++];
        }
 
        String next() throws IOException 
        {
            int c;
            for (c = scan(); c <= 32; c = scan());
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            for (; c > 32; c = scan()) {
                sb.append((char) c);
            }
            return sb.toString();
        }
 
        int nextInt() throws IOException 
        {
            int c, val = 0;
            for (c = scan(); c <= 32; c = scan());
            boolean neg = c == '-';
            if (c == '-' || c == '+') {
                c = scan();
            }
            for (; c >= '0' && c <= '9'; c = scan()) {
                val = (val << 3) + (val << 1) + (c & 15);
            }
            return neg ? -val : val;
        }
 
        long nextLong() throws IOException 
        {
            int c;
            long val = 0;
            for (c = scan(); c <= 32; c = scan());
            boolean neg = c == '-';
            if (c == '-' || c == '+') {
                c = scan();
            }
            for (; c >= '0' && c <= '9'; c = scan()) {
                val = (val << 3) + (val << 1) + (c & 15);
            }
            return neg ? -val : val;
        }
    }
	static class Reader 
	{
        final private int BUFFER_SIZE = 1 << 16;
        private DataInputStream din;
        private byte[] buffer;
        private int bufferPointer, bytesRead;
 
        public Reader()
        {
            din = new DataInputStream(System.in);
            buffer = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE];
            bufferPointer = bytesRead = 0;
        }
 
        public Reader(String file_name) throws IOException
        {
            din = new DataInputStream(
                new FileInputStream(file_name));
            buffer = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE];
            bufferPointer = bytesRead = 0;
        }
 
        public String readLine() throws IOException
        {
            byte[] buf = new byte[64]; // line length
            int cnt = 0, c;
            while ((c = read()) != -1) {
                if (c == '\n') {
                    if (cnt != 0) {
                        break;
                    }
                    else {
                        continue;
                    }
                }
                buf[cnt++] = (byte)c;
            }
            return new String(buf, 0, cnt);
        }
 
        public int nextInt() throws IOException
        {
            int ret = 0;
            byte c = read();
            while (c <= ' ') {
                c = read();
            }
            boolean neg = (c == '-');
            if (neg)
                c = read();
            do {
                ret = ret * 10 + c - '0';
            } while ((c = read()) >= '0' && c <= '9');
 
            if (neg)
                return -ret;
            return ret;
        }
 
        public long nextLong() throws IOException
        {
            long ret = 0;
            byte c = read();
            while (c <= ' ')
                c = read();
            boolean neg = (c == '-');
            if (neg)
                c = read();
            do {
                ret = ret * 10 + c - '0';
            } while ((c = read()) >= '0' && c <= '9');
            if (neg)
                return -ret;
            return ret;
        }
 
        public double nextDouble() throws IOException
        {
            double ret = 0, div = 1;
            byte c = read();
            while (c <= ' ')
                c = read();
            boolean neg = (c == '-');
            if (neg)
                c = read();
 
            do {
                ret = ret * 10 + c - '0';
            } while ((c = read()) >= '0' && c <= '9');
 
            if (c == '.') {
                while ((c = read()) >= '0' && c <= '9') {
                    ret += (c - '0') / (div *= 10);
                }
            }
 
            if (neg)
                return -ret;
            return ret;
        }
 
        private void fillBuffer() throws IOException
        {
            bytesRead = din.read(buffer, bufferPointer = 0,
                                 BUFFER_SIZE);
            if (bytesRead == -1)
                buffer[0] = -1;
        }
 
        private byte read() throws IOException
        {
            if (bufferPointer == bytesRead)
                fillBuffer();
            return buffer[bufferPointer++];
        }
 
        public void close() throws IOException
        {
            if (din == null)
                return;
            din.close();
        }
        public void printarray(int arr[])
        {
        	for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++)
				System.out.print(arr[i]+" ");
        	System.out.println();
        }
    }
}







