Lord Omkar would like to have a tree with n nodes (3 ≤ n ≤ 10^5) and has asked his disciples to construct the tree. However, Lord Omkar has created m (1 ≤ m < n) restrictions to ensure that the tree will be as heavenly as possible. 

A tree with n nodes is an connected undirected graph with n nodes and n-1 edges. Note that for any two nodes, there is exactly one simple path between them, where a simple path is a path between two nodes that does not contain any node more than once.

Here is an example of a tree: 

<image>

A restriction consists of 3 pairwise distinct integers, a, b, and c (1 ≤ a,b,c ≤ n). It signifies that node b cannot lie on the simple path between node a and node c. 

Can you help Lord Omkar and become his most trusted disciple? You will need to find heavenly trees for multiple sets of restrictions. It can be shown that a heavenly tree will always exist for any set of restrictions under the given constraints.

Input

Each test contains multiple test cases. The first line contains the number of test cases t (1 ≤ t ≤ 10^4). Description of the test cases follows.

The first line of each test case contains two integers, n and m (3 ≤ n ≤ 10^5, 1 ≤ m < n), representing the size of the tree and the number of restrictions.

The i-th of the next m lines contains three integers a_i, b_i, c_i (1 ≤ a_i, b_i, c_i ≤ n, a, b, c are distinct), signifying that node b_i cannot lie on the simple path between nodes a_i and c_i. 

It is guaranteed that the sum of n across all test cases will not exceed 10^5.

Output

For each test case, output n-1 lines representing the n-1 edges in the tree. On each line, output two integers u and v (1 ≤ u, v ≤ n, u ≠ v) signifying that there is an edge between nodes u and v. Given edges have to form a tree that satisfies Omkar's restrictions.

Example

Input


2
7 4
1 2 3
3 4 5
5 6 7
6 5 4
5 3
1 2 3
2 3 4
3 4 5


Output


1 2
1 3
3 5
3 4
2 7
7 6
5 1
1 3
3 2
2 4

Note

The output of the first sample case corresponds to the following tree: 

<image> For the first restriction, the simple path between 1 and 3 is 1, 3, which doesn't contain 2. The simple path between 3 and 5 is 3, 5, which doesn't contain 4. The simple path between 5 and 7 is 5, 3, 1, 2, 7, which doesn't contain 6. The simple path between 6 and 4 is 6, 7, 2, 1, 3, 4, which doesn't contain 5. Thus, this tree meets all of the restrictions.

The output of the second sample case corresponds to the following tree: 

<image>
//package round749;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.ArrayDeque;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.InputMismatchException;
import java.util.Queue;

public class B {
	InputStream is;
	FastWriter out;
	String INPUT = "";
	
	void solve()
	{
		for(int T = ni();T > 0;T--)go();
	}

	void go()
	{
		int n = ni(), m = ni();
		int[][] con = new int[m][];
		boolean[] done = new boolean[n];
		for(int i = 0;i < m;i++){
			con[i] = na(3);
			done[con[i][1]-1] = true;
		}
		for(int i = 0;i < n;i++){
			if(!done[i]){
				for(int j = 0;j < n;j++){
					if(j != i)out.println((j+1) + " " + (i+1));
				}
				return;
			}
		}
	}
	
	void run() throws Exception
	{
		is = oj ? System.in : new ByteArrayInputStream(INPUT.getBytes());
		out = new FastWriter(System.out);
		
		long s = System.currentTimeMillis();
		solve();
		out.flush();
		tr(System.currentTimeMillis()-s+"ms");
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { new B().run(); }
	
	private byte[] inbuf = new byte[1024];
	public int lenbuf = 0, ptrbuf = 0;
	
	private int readByte()
	{
		if(lenbuf == -1)throw new InputMismatchException();
		if(ptrbuf >= lenbuf){
			ptrbuf = 0;
			try { lenbuf = is.read(inbuf); } catch (IOException e) { throw new InputMismatchException(); }
			if(lenbuf <= 0)return -1;
		}
		return inbuf[ptrbuf++];
	}
	
	private boolean isSpaceChar(int c) { return !(c >= 33 && c <= 126); }
	private int skip() { int b; while((b = readByte()) != -1 && isSpaceChar(b)); return b; }
	
	private double nd() { return Double.parseDouble(ns()); }
	private char nc() { return (char)skip(); }
	
	private String ns()
	{
		int b = skip();
		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
		while(!(isSpaceChar(b))){ // when nextLine, (isSpaceChar(b) && b != ' ')
			sb.appendCodePoint(b);
			b = readByte();
		}
		return sb.toString();
	}
	
	private char[] ns(int n)
	{
		char[] buf = new char[n];
		int b = skip(), p = 0;
		while(p < n && !(isSpaceChar(b))){
			buf[p++] = (char)b;
			b = readByte();
		}
		return n == p ? buf : Arrays.copyOf(buf, p);
	}

	private int[] na(int n)
	{
		int[] a = new int[n];
		for(int i = 0;i < n;i++)a[i] = ni();
		return a;
	}

	private long[] nal(int n)
	{
		long[] a = new long[n];
		for(int i = 0;i < n;i++)a[i] = nl();
		return a;
	}

	private char[][] nm(int n, int m) {
		char[][] map = new char[n][];
		for(int i = 0;i < n;i++)map[i] = ns(m);
		return map;
	}

	private int[][] nmi(int n, int m) {
		int[][] map = new int[n][];
		for(int i = 0;i < n;i++)map[i] = na(m);
		return map;
	}

	private int ni() { return (int)nl(); }

	private long nl()
	{
		long num = 0;
		int b;
		boolean minus = false;
		while((b = readByte()) != -1 && !((b >= '0' && b <= '9') || b == '-'));
		if(b == '-'){
			minus = true;
			b = readByte();
		}

		while(true){
			if(b >= '0' && b <= '9'){
				num = num * 10 + (b - '0');
			}else{
				return minus ? -num : num;
			}
			b = readByte();
		}
	}

	public static class FastWriter
	{
		private static final int BUF_SIZE = 1<<13;
		private final byte[] buf = new byte[BUF_SIZE];
		private final OutputStream out;
		private int ptr = 0;

		private FastWriter(){out = null;}

		public FastWriter(OutputStream os)
		{
			this.out = os;
		}

		public FastWriter(String path)
		{
			try {
				this.out = new FileOutputStream(path);
			} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
				throw new RuntimeException("FastWriter");
			}
		}

		public FastWriter write(byte b)
		{
			buf[ptr++] = b;
			if(ptr == BUF_SIZE)innerflush();
			return this;
		}

		public FastWriter write(char c)
		{
			return write((byte)c);
		}

		public FastWriter write(char[] s)
		{
			for(char c : s){
				buf[ptr++] = (byte)c;
				if(ptr == BUF_SIZE)innerflush();
			}
			return this;
		}

		public FastWriter write(String s)
		{
			s.chars().forEach(c -> {
				buf[ptr++] = (byte)c;
				if(ptr == BUF_SIZE)innerflush();
			});
			return this;
		}

		private static int countDigits(int l) {
			if (l >= 1000000000) return 10;
			if (l >= 100000000) return 9;
			if (l >= 10000000) return 8;
			if (l >= 1000000) return 7;
			if (l >= 100000) return 6;
			if (l >= 10000) return 5;
			if (l >= 1000) return 4;
			if (l >= 100) return 3;
			if (l >= 10) return 2;
			return 1;
		}

		public FastWriter write(int x)
		{
			if(x == Integer.MIN_VALUE){
				return write((long)x);
			}
			if(ptr + 12 >= BUF_SIZE)innerflush();
			if(x < 0){
				write((byte)'-');
				x = -x;
			}
			int d = countDigits(x);
			for(int i = ptr + d - 1;i >= ptr;i--){
				buf[i] = (byte)('0'+x%10);
				x /= 10;
			}
			ptr += d;
			return this;
		}

		private static int countDigits(long l) {
			if (l >= 1000000000000000000L) return 19;
			if (l >= 100000000000000000L) return 18;
			if (l >= 10000000000000000L) return 17;
			if (l >= 1000000000000000L) return 16;
			if (l >= 100000000000000L) return 15;
			if (l >= 10000000000000L) return 14;
			if (l >= 1000000000000L) return 13;
			if (l >= 100000000000L) return 12;
			if (l >= 10000000000L) return 11;
			if (l >= 1000000000L) return 10;
			if (l >= 100000000L) return 9;
			if (l >= 10000000L) return 8;
			if (l >= 1000000L) return 7;
			if (l >= 100000L) return 6;
			if (l >= 10000L) return 5;
			if (l >= 1000L) return 4;
			if (l >= 100L) return 3;
			if (l >= 10L) return 2;
			return 1;
		}

		public FastWriter write(long x)
		{
			if(x == Long.MIN_VALUE){
				return write("" + x);
			}
			if(ptr + 21 >= BUF_SIZE)innerflush();
			if(x < 0){
				write((byte)'-');
				x = -x;
			}
			int d = countDigits(x);
			for(int i = ptr + d - 1;i >= ptr;i--){
				buf[i] = (byte)('0'+x%10);
				x /= 10;
			}
			ptr += d;
			return this;
		}

		public FastWriter write(double x, int precision)
		{
			if(x < 0){
				write('-');
				x = -x;
			}
			x += Math.pow(10, -precision)/2;
			//		if(x < 0){ x = 0; }
			write((long)x).write(".");
			x -= (long)x;
			for(int i = 0;i < precision;i++){
				x *= 10;
				write((char)('0'+(int)x));
				x -= (int)x;
			}
			return this;
		}

		public FastWriter writeln(char c){
			return write(c).writeln();
		}

		public FastWriter writeln(int x){
			return write(x).writeln();
		}

		public FastWriter writeln(long x){
			return write(x).writeln();
		}

		public FastWriter writeln(double x, int precision){
			return write(x, precision).writeln();
		}

		public FastWriter write(int... xs)
		{
			boolean first = true;
			for(int x : xs) {
				if (!first) write(' ');
				first = false;
				write(x);
			}
			return this;
		}

		public FastWriter write(long... xs)
		{
			boolean first = true;
			for(long x : xs) {
				if (!first) write(' ');
				first = false;
				write(x);
			}
			return this;
		}

		public FastWriter writeln()
		{
			return write((byte)'\n');
		}

		public FastWriter writeln(int... xs)
		{
			return write(xs).writeln();
		}

		public FastWriter writeln(long... xs)
		{
			return write(xs).writeln();
		}

		public FastWriter writeln(char[] line)
		{
			return write(line).writeln();
		}

		public FastWriter writeln(char[]... map)
		{
			for(char[] line : map)write(line).writeln();
			return this;
		}

		public FastWriter writeln(String s)
		{
			return write(s).writeln();
		}

		private void innerflush()
		{
			try {
				out.write(buf, 0, ptr);
				ptr = 0;
			} catch (IOException e) {
				throw new RuntimeException("innerflush");
			}
		}

		public void flush()
		{
			innerflush();
			try {
				out.flush();
			} catch (IOException e) {
				throw new RuntimeException("flush");
			}
		}

		public FastWriter print(byte b) { return write(b); }
		public FastWriter print(char c) { return write(c); }
		public FastWriter print(char[] s) { return write(s); }
		public FastWriter print(String s) { return write(s); }
		public FastWriter print(int x) { return write(x); }
		public FastWriter print(long x) { return write(x); }
		public FastWriter print(double x, int precision) { return write(x, precision); }
		public FastWriter println(char c){ return writeln(c); }
		public FastWriter println(int x){ return writeln(x); }
		public FastWriter println(long x){ return writeln(x); }
		public FastWriter println(double x, int precision){ return writeln(x, precision); }
		public FastWriter print(int... xs) { return write(xs); }
		public FastWriter print(long... xs) { return write(xs); }
		public FastWriter println(int... xs) { return writeln(xs); }
		public FastWriter println(long... xs) { return writeln(xs); }
		public FastWriter println(char[] line) { return writeln(line); }
		public FastWriter println(char[]... map) { return writeln(map); }
		public FastWriter println(String s) { return writeln(s); }
		public FastWriter println() { return writeln(); }
	}

	public void trnz(int... o)
	{
		for(int i = 0;i < o.length;i++)if(o[i] != 0)System.out.print(i+":"+o[i]+" ");
		System.out.println();
	}

	// print ids which are 1
	public void trt(long... o)
	{
		Queue<Integer> stands = new ArrayDeque<>();
		for(int i = 0;i < o.length;i++){
			for(long x = o[i];x != 0;x &= x-1)stands.add(i<<6|Long.numberOfTrailingZeros(x));
		}
		System.out.println(stands);
	}

	public void tf(boolean... r)
	{
		for(boolean x : r)System.out.print(x?'#':'.');
		System.out.println();
	}

	public void tf(boolean[]... b)
	{
		for(boolean[] r : b) {
			for(boolean x : r)System.out.print(x?'#':'.');
			System.out.println();
		}
		System.out.println();
	}

	public void tf(long[]... b)
	{
		if(INPUT.length() != 0) {
			for (long[] r : b) {
				for (long x : r) {
					for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++) {
						System.out.print(x << ~i < 0 ? '#' : '.');
					}
				}
				System.out.println();
			}
			System.out.println();
		}
	}

	public void tf(long... b)
	{
		if(INPUT.length() != 0) {
			for (long x : b) {
				for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++) {
					System.out.print(x << ~i < 0 ? '#' : '.');
				}
			}
			System.out.println();
		}
	}

	private boolean oj = System.getProperty("ONLINE_JUDGE") != null;
	private void tr(Object... o) { if(!oj)System.out.println(Arrays.deepToString(o)); }
}
