Casimir has a rectangular piece of paper with a checkered field of size n × m. Initially, all cells of the field are white.

Let us denote the cell with coordinates i vertically and j horizontally by (i, j). The upper left cell will be referred to as (1, 1) and the lower right cell as (n, m).

Casimir draws ticks of different sizes on the field. A tick of size d (d > 0) with its center in cell (i, j) is drawn as follows: 

  1. First, the center cell (i, j) is painted black. 
  2. Then exactly d cells on the top-left diagonally to the center and exactly d cells on the top-right diagonally to the center are also painted black. 
  3. That is all the cells with coordinates (i - h, j ± h) for all h between 0 and d are painted. In particular, a tick consists of 2d + 1 black cells. 



An already painted cell will remain black if painted again. Below you can find an example of the 4 × 9 box, with two ticks of sizes 2 and 3.

<image>

You are given a description of a checkered field of size n × m. Casimir claims that this field came about after he drew some (possibly 0) ticks on it. The ticks could be of different sizes, but the size of each tick is at least k (that is, d ≥ k for all the ticks).

Determine whether this field can indeed be obtained by drawing some (possibly none) ticks of sizes d ≥ k or not.

Input

The first line contains an integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 100) — the number test cases.

The following lines contain the descriptions of the test cases. 

The first line of the test case description contains the integers n, m, and k (1 ≤ k ≤ n ≤ 10; 1 ≤ m ≤ 19) — the field size and the minimum size of the ticks that Casimir drew. The following n lines describe the field: each line consists of m characters either being '.' if the corresponding cell is not yet painted or '*' otherwise.

Output

Print t lines, each line containing the answer to the corresponding test case. The answer to a test case should be YES if the given field can be obtained by drawing ticks of at least the given size and NO otherwise.

You may print every letter in any case you want (so, for example, the strings yEs, yes, Yes, and YES will all be recognized as positive answers).

Example

Input


8
2 3 1
*.*
...
4 9 2
*.*.*...*
.*.*...*.
..*.*.*..
.....*...
4 4 1
*.*.
****
.**.
....
5 5 1
.....
*...*
.*.*.
..*.*
...*.
5 5 2
.....
*...*
.*.*.
..*.*
...*.
4 7 1
*.....*
.....*.
..*.*..
...*...
3 3 1
***
***
***
3 5 1
*...*
.***.
.**..


Output


NO
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO

Note

The first sample test case consists of two asterisks neither of which can be independent ticks since ticks of size 0 don't exist.

The second sample test case is already described in the statement (check the picture in the statement). This field can be obtained by drawing ticks of sizes 2 and 3, as shown in the figure.

The field in the third sample test case corresponds to three ticks of size 1. Their center cells are marked with \color{blue}{blue}, \color{red}{red} and \color{green}{green} colors: *.*.  
---  
*\color{blue}{*}**  
.\color{green}{*}\color{red}{*}.  
....  
  
The field in the fourth sample test case could have been obtained by drawing two ticks of sizes 1 and 2. Their vertices are marked below with \color{blue}{blue} and \color{red}{red} colors respectively: .....  
---  
*...*  
.*.*.  
..\color{red}{*}.*  
...\color{blue}{*}.  
  
The field in the fifth sample test case can not be obtained because k = 2, and the last asterisk in the fourth row from the top with coordinates (4, 5) can only be a part of a tick of size 1.

The field in the sixth sample test case can not be obtained because the top left asterisk (1, 1) can't be an independent tick, since the sizes of the ticks must be positive, and cannot be part of a tick with the center cell in the last row, since it is separated from it by a gap (a point, '.') in (2, 2).

In the seventh sample test case, similarly, the field can not be obtained by the described process because the asterisks with coordinates (1, 2) (second cell in the first row), (3, 1) and (3, 3) (leftmost and rightmost cells in the bottom) can not be parts of any ticks.
import java.sql.SQLSyntaxErrorException;
import java.util.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.stream.StreamSupport;


public class Solution {
    static int mod = 998244353;
    public static void main(String str[]) throws IOException{
//        Reader sc = new Reader();
        BufferedWriter output = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(System.out));
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        int t = sc.nextInt();
        sc.nextLine();
        int MAX = 500001;
        int a = 1;
        while(t-->0){
            int n = sc.nextInt();
            int m = sc.nextInt();
            int k = sc.nextInt();
            sc.nextLine();
            String[] grid = new String[n];
            String[] grid2 = new String[n];
            for(int i = 0;i<n;i++){
                grid[i] = sc.nextLine();
                grid2[i] = grid[i];
            }
            for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
                for(int j=0;j<m;j++){
                    if(grid[i].charAt(j)=='*'){
                        if(fun(grid, grid2, i-1, j-1, i-1, j+1, n, m, k, 1)){
                            String s = grid2[i].substring(0,j)+'.';
                            if(j<m-1){
                                s+=grid2[i].substring(j+1);
                            }
                            grid2[i] = s;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            boolean b = true;
            for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
                for(int j=0;j<m;j++){
                    if(grid2[i].charAt(j)=='*'){
                        b = false;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                if(!b)  break;
            }
            if(b)   System.out.println("YES");
            else    System.out.println("NO");
        }


        output.flush();
    }
    static boolean fun(String[] grid, String[] grid2, int li, int lj, int ri, int rj, int n, int m, int k, int curr){
        if(li<0 || li>=n || ri<0 || ri>=n || lj<0 || lj>=m || rj<0 || rj>=m || grid[li].charAt(lj)!='*' || grid[ri].charAt(rj)!='*'){
            return false;
        }
        if(fun(grid, grid2, li-1, lj-1, ri-1, rj+1, n, m, k,curr+1) || k<=curr){
            String s = grid2[li].substring(0,lj)+'.';
            if(lj<m-1){
                s+=grid2[li].substring(lj+1);
            }
            grid2[li] = s;

            s = grid2[ri].substring(0,rj)+'.';
            if(lj<m-1){
                s+=grid2[ri].substring(rj+1);
            }
            grid2[ri] = s;
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
    static int max(ArrayList<Integer> al){
        int i=0;
        int max =Integer.MIN_VALUE;
        for(int j=0;j<al.size();j++){
            int k = al.get(j);
            if(k>max){
                i = j;
                max = k;
            }
        }
        return i;
    }

    static class Pair {
        int val;
        int ind;
//        int e=0;
        Pair(int v, int ss) {
            val = v;
            ind = ss;
        }
    }

    //Collections.sort(al, new Comparator<Object>() {
    //    @Override
    //    public int compare(Object o1, Object o2) {
    //        return 0;
    //    }
    //});

    static class Node{
        int ind;
        int tot = 1;
        ArrayList<Node> parent = new ArrayList<>();
        ArrayList<Node> child = new ArrayList<>();
        Node(int i){
            ind =i;
        }
    }
    static void dfs(Node[] nodes, Node ind, Node parent){
        if(parent!=null){
            ind.parent.remove(parent);
            int x = parent.tot;
            if(parent.ind>ind.ind){
                x++;
            }
            ind.tot = Math.max(x, ind.tot);
        }
        if(ind.parent.isEmpty()){
            for(Node n: ind.child){
                dfs(nodes, n, ind);
            }
        }

    }
    static int maxHeight(List<Integer> wallPositions, List<Integer> wallHeights){
        int ans = 0;
        int n = wallHeights.size();
        for(int i=1;i<n;i++){
            int ind1 = wallPositions.get(i-1);
            int ind2 = wallPositions.get(i);
            if(ind2-ind1==1)    continue;
            int x = wallHeights.get(i-1);
            int y = wallHeights.get(i);
            int index = (y-x+ind1+ind2)/2;
            if(index<=ind1){
                index = ind1+1;
            }
            else if(index>=ind2){
                index = ind2-1;
            }
            ans = Math.max(ans, Math.min(x+(index-ind1),y+(ind2-index)));
        }
        return ans;
    }




//        3
//        2 1 1
//        2 3 1
//        3 4 1
//        4
//        2


    public static ArrayList<Integer> primeFactors(int n)
    {
        // Print the number of 2s that divide n
        ArrayList<Integer> al = new ArrayList<>();
        while (n%2==0)
        {
            al.add(2);
            n /= 2;
        }

        // n must be odd at this point.  So we can
        // skip one element (Note i = i +2)
        for (int i = 3; i <= Math.sqrt(n); i+= 2)
        {
            // While i divides n, print i and divide n
            while (n%i == 0)
            {
                al.add(i);
                n /= i;
            }
        }

        // This condition is to handle the case whien
        // n is a prime number greater than 2
        if (n > 2)
            al.add(n);

        return al;
    }




    static void bfs(Graph[] g, int ind, boolean vis[], ArrayList<Node> al, Set<Integer> set){
        vis[ind] = true;
        set.add(ind);
        for(int i: g[ind].pq){
            if(!vis[i])     bfs(g,i,vis,al,set);
        }
        g[ind].set = set;
    }


//    static class tempSort implements Comparator<Node> {
//        // Used for sorting in ascending order of
//        // roll number
//        public int compare(Node a, Node b) {
//            return a.size - b.size;
//        }
//    }





    static long divide(long p, long q, long mod)
    {
        long expo = mod - 2;

        while (expo != 0)
        {
            if ((expo & 1) == 1)
            {
//                long temp = p;
//                System.out.println("zero--> "+temp+" "+q);
                p = (p * q) % mod;
//                if(p<0){
//                    System.out.println("one--> "+temp+" "+q);
//                }
            }
            q = (q * q) % mod;
//            if(q<0){
//                System.out.println("two--> "+p+" "+q);
//            }

            expo >>= 1;
        }
        return p;
    }


    static class Graph{
        int ind;
        ArrayList<Integer> pq = new ArrayList<>();
        Set<Integer> set;
        boolean b = false;
        public Graph(int a){
            ind = a;
        }


    }


    //
//    static class Pair{
//        int a=0;
//        int b=0;
//        int in = 0;
//        int ac = 0;
//        int ex = 0;
//    }
    long fun2(ArrayList<Integer> arr, int x){
        ArrayList<ArrayList> al = new ArrayList<>();
        ArrayList<Integer> curr = new ArrayList<>();
        fun(arr, x, al, curr, 0);
        if(al.size()==0)    return 0;
        int max = 0;
        for(ArrayList<Integer> i: al){
            if(i.size()>max)    max = i.size();
        }
        for(int i=0;i<al.size();i++){
            if(al.get(i).size()!=max){
                al.remove(i);
                i--;
            }
        }
        for(ArrayList<Integer> i: al){
            Collections.sort(al, Collections.reverseOrder());
        }
        long ans = 0;

        for(ArrayList<Integer> i: al){
            long temp = 0;
            for(int j: i){
                temp*=10;
                temp+=j;
            }
            if(ans<temp)    ans = temp;
        }
        return ans;

    }
    void fun(ArrayList<Integer> arr, int x, ArrayList<ArrayList> al, ArrayList<Integer> curr, int i){
        if(x<0) return ;
        if(x==0) {
            al.add(curr);
            return;
        }
        for(int j=i;j<arr.size();j++){
            ArrayList<Integer> temp = new ArrayList<>(curr);
            fun(arr, x-arr.get(j), al, temp, j);
        }
    }



    // Returns n^(-1) mod p
    static long modInverse(long n, long p)
    {
        return (long)power(n, p - 2, p);
    }



    // Returns nCr % p using Fermat's
    // little theorem.
    static long nCrModPFermat(int n, int r,
                              int p, long[] fac)
    {

        if (n<r)
            return 0;
        // Base case
        if (r == 0)
            return 1;

        // Fill factorial array so that we
        // can find all factorial of r, n
        // and n-r
        long x = modInverse(fac[r], p);
        long y = modInverse(fac[n - r], p);

        return (fac[n] * x
                % p * y
                % p)
                % p;
    }

    static long[] sum(String[] str){
        int n = str[0].length();
        long ans[] = new long[n];
        for(String s: str){
            for(int i=0;i<n;i++)   ans[i]+=s.charAt(i);
        }
        return ans;
    }

//    static class tSort implements Comparator<Pair>{
//
//        public int compare(Pair s1, Pair s2) {
//            if (s1.b < s2.b)
//                return -1;
//            else if (s1.b > s2.b)
//                return 1;
//            return 0;
//        }
//    }


//    static boolean checkCycle(Tree[] arr,  boolean[] visited, int curr, int node){
//        if(curr==node && visited[curr]) return true;
//        if(visited[curr])   return false;
//        visited[curr]  = true;
//        for(int i: arr[curr].al){
//            if(checkCycle(arr, visited, i, node))    return true;
//        }
//        return false;
//    }


//    static boolean allCombinations(int n){      //Global round 15
//        int three2n = 1;
//        for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
//            three2n *= 3;
//
//        for (int k = 1; k < three2n; k++) {
//            int k_cp = k;
//            int sum = 0;
//            for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
//                int s = k_cp % 3;
//                k_cp /= 3;
//                if (s == 2) s = -1;
//                sum += s * a[i];
//            }
//            if (sum == 0) {
//                return true;
//            }
//        }
//        return false;
//    }

    static ArrayList<String> fun( int curr, int n, char c){
        int len = n-curr;
        if(len==0)  return null;
        ArrayList<String> al = new ArrayList<>();
        if(len==1){
            al.add(c+"");
            return al;
        }
        String ss = "";
        for(int i=0;i<len/2;i++){
            ss+=c;
        }
        ArrayList<String> one = fun(len/2+curr, n, (char)(c+1));
        for(String str: one){
            al.add(str+ss);
            al.add(ss+str);
        }
        return al;
    }
    static ArrayList convert(int x, int k){
        ArrayList<Integer> al = new ArrayList<>();
        if(x>0) {
            while (x > 0) {
                al.add(x % k);
                x /= k;
            }
        }
        else    al.add(0);
        return al;
    }




    static int max(int x, int y, int z){
        int ans = Math.max(x,y);
        ans = Math.max(ans, z);
        return ans;
    }
    static int min(int x, int y, int z){
        int ans = Math.min(x,y);
        ans = Math.min(ans, z);
        return ans;
    }

//    static long treeTraversal(Tree arr[], int parent, int x){
//        long tot = 0;
//        for(int i: arr[x].al){
//            if(i!=parent){
//                tot+=treeTraversal(arr, x, i);
//            }
//        }
//        arr[x].child = tot;
//        if(arr[x].child==0) arr[x].child = 1;
//        return tot+1;
//    }

    public static int primeFactors(int n, int k)
    {
        int ans = 0;

        while (n%2==0)
        {
            ans++;
            if(ans>=k)  return k;
            n /= 2;
        }
        for (int i = 3; i <= Math.sqrt(n); i+= 2)
        {
            while (n%i == 0)
            {
                ans++;
                n /= i;
                if(ans>=k)  return k;
            }
        }

        if (n > 2)  ans++;
        return ans;
    }
    static int binaryLow(ArrayList<Integer> arr, int x, int s, int e){
        if(s>=e){
            if(arr.get(s)>=x)  return s;
            else    return s+1;
        }
        int m = (s+e)/2;
        if(arr.get(m)==x)  return m;
        if(arr.get(m)>x)   return binaryLow(arr,x,s,m);
        if(arr.get(m)<x)   return binaryLow(arr,x,m+1,e);
        return 0;
    }
    static int binaryLow(int[] arr, int x, int s, int e){
        if(s>=e){
            if(arr[s]>=x)  return s;
            else    return s+1;
        }
        int m = (s+e)/2;
        if(arr[m]==x)  return m;
        if(arr[m]>x)   return binaryLow(arr,x,s,m);
        if(arr[m]<x)   return binaryLow(arr,x,m+1,e);
        return 0;
    }
    static int binaryHigh(int[] arr, int x, int s, int e){
        if(s>=e){
            if(arr[s]<=x)  return s;
            else    return s-1;
        }
        int m = (s+e)/2;
        if(arr[m]==x)  return m;
        if(arr[m]>x)   return binaryHigh(arr,x,s,m-1);
        if(arr[m]<x)   return binaryHigh(arr,x,m+1,e);
        return 0;
    }


//    static void arri(int arr[], int n, Reader sc) throws IOException{
//        for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
//            arr[i] = sc.nextInt();
//        }
//    }
//    static void arrl(long arr[], int n, Reader sc) throws IOException{
//        for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
//            arr[i] = sc.nextLong();
//        }


    static long gcd(long a, long b)
    {
        if (b == 0)
            return a;
        return gcd(b, a % b);
    }
    static long power(long x, long y, long p)
    {
        long res = 1; // Initialize result

        x = x % p; // Update x if it is more than or
        // equal to p

        if (x == 0)
            return 0; // In case x is divisible by p;

        while (y > 0)
        {

            // If y is odd, multiply x with result
            if ((y & 1) != 0)
                res = (res * x) % p;

            // y must be even now
            y = y >> 1; // y = y/2
            x = (x * x) % p;
        }
        return res%p;
    }






//    static class SortbyI implements Comparator<Pair> {
//        // Used for sorting in ascending order of
//        // roll number
//        public int compare(Pair a, Pair b)
//        {
//            if(a.a>=b.a) return 1;
//            else return -1;
//        }
//    }
//    static class SortbyD implements Comparator<Pair> {
//        // Used for sorting in ascending order of
//        // roll number
//        public int compare(Pair a, Pair b)
//        {
//            if(a.a<b.a) return 1;
//            else if(a.a==b.b && a.b>b.b)    return 1;
//            else return -1;
//        }
//    }
//    static int binarySearch(ArrayList<Pair> a, int x, int s, int e){
//        if(s>=e){
//            if(x<=a.get(s).b)  return s;
//            else    return s+1;
//        }
//        int mid = (e+s)/2;
//        if(a.get(mid).b<x){
//            return binarySearch(a, x, mid+1, e);
//        }
//        else    return binarySearch(a,x,s, mid);
//    }

    //    static class Edge{
//        int a;
//        int b;
//        int c;
//        int sec;
//        Edge(int a, int b, int c, int sec){
//            this.a = a;
//            this.b = b;
//            this.c = c;
//            this.sec = sec;
//        }
//
//    }
    static class Tree{
        int a;

        ArrayList<Tree> al = new ArrayList<>();
        Tree(int a){
            this.a = a;
        }


    }

    static class Reader {
        final private int BUFFER_SIZE = 1 << 16;
        private DataInputStream din;
        private byte[] buffer;
        private int bufferPointer, bytesRead;

        public Reader()
        {
            din = new DataInputStream(System.in);
            buffer = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE];
            bufferPointer = bytesRead = 0;
        }

        public Reader(String file_name) throws IOException
        {
            din = new DataInputStream(
                    new FileInputStream(file_name));
            buffer = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE];
            bufferPointer = bytesRead = 0;
        }

        public String readLine() throws IOException
        {
            byte[] buf = new byte[64]; // line length
            int cnt = 0, c;
            while ((c = read()) != -1) {
                if (c == '\n') {
                    if (cnt != 0) {
                        break;
                    }
                    else {
                        continue;
                    }
                }
                buf[cnt++] = (byte)c;
            }
            return new String(buf, 0, cnt);
        }

        public int nextInt() throws IOException
        {
            int ret = 0;
            byte c = read();
            while (c <= ' ') {
                c = read();
            }
            boolean neg = (c == '-');
            if (neg)
                c = read();
            do {
                ret = ret * 10 + c - '0';
            } while ((c = read()) >= '0' && c <= '9');

            if (neg)
                return -ret;
            return ret;
        }

        public long nextLong() throws IOException
        {
            long ret = 0;
            byte c = read();
            while (c <= ' ')
                c = read();
            boolean neg = (c == '-');
            if (neg)
                c = read();
            do {
                ret = ret * 10 + c - '0';
            } while ((c = read()) >= '0' && c <= '9');
            if (neg)
                return -ret;
            return ret;
        }

        public double nextDouble() throws IOException
        {
            double ret = 0, div = 1;
            byte c = read();
            while (c <= ' ')
                c = read();
            boolean neg = (c == '-');
            if (neg)
                c = read();

            do {
                ret = ret * 10 + c - '0';
            } while ((c = read()) >= '0' && c <= '9');

            if (c == '.') {
                while ((c = read()) >= '0' && c <= '9') {
                    ret += (c - '0') / (div *= 10);
                }
            }

            if (neg)
                return -ret;
            return ret;
        }

        private void fillBuffer() throws IOException
        {
            bytesRead = din.read(buffer, bufferPointer = 0,
                    BUFFER_SIZE);
            if (bytesRead == -1)
                buffer[0] = -1;
        }

        private byte read() throws IOException
        {
            if (bufferPointer == bytesRead)
                fillBuffer();
            return buffer[bufferPointer++];
        }

        public void close() throws IOException
        {
            if (din == null)
                return;
            din.close();
        }
    }


    static boolean isPrime(int n)
    {
        if (n <= 1)
            return false;
        if (n <= 3)
            return true;
        if (n % 2 == 0 ||
                n % 3 == 0)
            return false;

        for (int i = 5;
             i * i <= n; i = i + 6)
            if (n % i == 0 ||
                    n % (i + 2) == 0)
                return false;

        return true;
    }
    static ArrayList<Integer> sieveOfEratosthenes(int n)
    {
        ArrayList<Integer> al = new ArrayList<>();
        // Create a boolean array
        // "prime[0..n]" and
        // initialize all entries
        // it as true. A value in
        // prime[i] will finally be
        // false if i is Not a
        // prime, else true.
        boolean prime[] = new boolean[n + 1];
        for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++)
            prime[i] = true;

        for (int p = 2; p * p <= n; p++)
        {
            // If prime[p] is not changed, then it is a
            // prime
            if (prime[p] == true)
            {
                // Update all multiples of p
                for (int i = p * p; i <= n; i += p)
                    prime[i] = false;
            }
        }

        // Print all prime numbers
        for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++)
        {
            if (prime[i] == true)
                al.add(i);
        }
        return al;
    }

}
