Casimir has a rectangular piece of paper with a checkered field of size n × m. Initially, all cells of the field are white.

Let us denote the cell with coordinates i vertically and j horizontally by (i, j). The upper left cell will be referred to as (1, 1) and the lower right cell as (n, m).

Casimir draws ticks of different sizes on the field. A tick of size d (d > 0) with its center in cell (i, j) is drawn as follows: 

  1. First, the center cell (i, j) is painted black. 
  2. Then exactly d cells on the top-left diagonally to the center and exactly d cells on the top-right diagonally to the center are also painted black. 
  3. That is all the cells with coordinates (i - h, j ± h) for all h between 0 and d are painted. In particular, a tick consists of 2d + 1 black cells. 



An already painted cell will remain black if painted again. Below you can find an example of the 4 × 9 box, with two ticks of sizes 2 and 3.

<image>

You are given a description of a checkered field of size n × m. Casimir claims that this field came about after he drew some (possibly 0) ticks on it. The ticks could be of different sizes, but the size of each tick is at least k (that is, d ≥ k for all the ticks).

Determine whether this field can indeed be obtained by drawing some (possibly none) ticks of sizes d ≥ k or not.

Input

The first line contains an integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 100) — the number test cases.

The following lines contain the descriptions of the test cases. 

The first line of the test case description contains the integers n, m, and k (1 ≤ k ≤ n ≤ 10; 1 ≤ m ≤ 19) — the field size and the minimum size of the ticks that Casimir drew. The following n lines describe the field: each line consists of m characters either being '.' if the corresponding cell is not yet painted or '*' otherwise.

Output

Print t lines, each line containing the answer to the corresponding test case. The answer to a test case should be YES if the given field can be obtained by drawing ticks of at least the given size and NO otherwise.

You may print every letter in any case you want (so, for example, the strings yEs, yes, Yes, and YES will all be recognized as positive answers).

Example

Input


8
2 3 1
*.*
...
4 9 2
*.*.*...*
.*.*...*.
..*.*.*..
.....*...
4 4 1
*.*.
****
.**.
....
5 5 1
.....
*...*
.*.*.
..*.*
...*.
5 5 2
.....
*...*
.*.*.
..*.*
...*.
4 7 1
*.....*
.....*.
..*.*..
...*...
3 3 1
***
***
***
3 5 1
*...*
.***.
.**..


Output


NO
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO

Note

The first sample test case consists of two asterisks neither of which can be independent ticks since ticks of size 0 don't exist.

The second sample test case is already described in the statement (check the picture in the statement). This field can be obtained by drawing ticks of sizes 2 and 3, as shown in the figure.

The field in the third sample test case corresponds to three ticks of size 1. Their center cells are marked with \color{blue}{blue}, \color{red}{red} and \color{green}{green} colors: *.*.  
---  
*\color{blue}{*}**  
.\color{green}{*}\color{red}{*}.  
....  
  
The field in the fourth sample test case could have been obtained by drawing two ticks of sizes 1 and 2. Their vertices are marked below with \color{blue}{blue} and \color{red}{red} colors respectively: .....  
---  
*...*  
.*.*.  
..\color{red}{*}.*  
...\color{blue}{*}.  
  
The field in the fifth sample test case can not be obtained because k = 2, and the last asterisk in the fourth row from the top with coordinates (4, 5) can only be a part of a tick of size 1.

The field in the sixth sample test case can not be obtained because the top left asterisk (1, 1) can't be an independent tick, since the sizes of the ticks must be positive, and cannot be part of a tick with the center cell in the last row, since it is separated from it by a gap (a point, '.') in (2, 2).

In the seventh sample test case, similarly, the field can not be obtained by the described process because the asterisks with coordinates (1, 2) (second cell in the first row), (3, 1) and (3, 3) (leftmost and rightmost cells in the bottom) can not be parts of any ticks.
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;

public class Main {
	static InputReader in = new InputReader(System.in);
	static OutputWriter out = new OutputWriter(System.out);

	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
		int t = i();
		int c = 1;
		sb = new StringBuilder();
		while (t-- > 0) {
//			sb.append("Case #" + c + ": ");
			solve();
			c++;
		}
		out.println(sb.toString());
		out.close();

	}

	static int mod = 1000000007;
	static StringBuilder sb;

	private static void solve() {
		int n = i();
		int m = i();
		int k = i();
		char[][] arr = new char[n][];
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
			arr[i] = s().toCharArray();
		}

//		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
//			for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
//				System.out.print(arr[i][j] + " ");
//			}
//			System.out.println();
//		}

		int[][] left = new int[n][m];
		int[][] right = new int[n][m];

		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
			for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
				if (arr[i][j] == '*') {
					if (i > 0 && j > 0) {
						left[i][j] = left[i - 1][j - 1] + 1;
					} else {
						left[i][j] = 1;
					}
					if (i > 0 && j < m - 1) {
						right[i][j] = 1 + right[i - 1][j + 1];
					} else {
						right[i][j] = 1;
					}
				}
			}
		}
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
			for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
				if (arr[i][j] != '*') {
					continue;
				}
				int min = Math.min(left[i][j], right[i][j]);
				if (min <= k)
					continue;

				for (int d = 0; d <= min && (i - d >= 0) && (j - d >= 0) && (j + d < m); d++) {
					arr[i - d][j + d] = 'a';
					arr[i - d][j - d] = 'a';
				}
			}
		}
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
			for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
				if (arr[i][j] == '*') {
					sb.append("NO").append("\n");
					return;
				}
			}
		}

		sb.append("YES").append("\n");
	}

	private static void mark(int i, int e, int s, char[][] arr, boolean[][] vis) {
		while (s <= e) {
			vis[i][s] = true;
			vis[i][e] = true;
			i++;
			s++;
			e--;
		}
	}

	private static boolean check(int i, int s, int e, char[][] arr, boolean[][] vis) {
		if (i == arr.length) {
			return false;
		}
		if (arr[i][s] == arr[i][e] && arr[i][s] == '*') {
			if (s == e) {
				return true;
			} else {
				return check(i + 1, s + 1, e - 1, arr, vis);
			}
		}
		return false;
	}

	// Fenwick Tree
	static class fenwickTree {
		int n;
		long[] farr;

		fenwickTree(int n, long[] a) {
			this.n = n;
			farr = new long[n + 1];
			for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
				update(i + 1, a[i]);
			}
		}

		void update(int i, long val) {
			while (i < farr.length) {
				farr[i] += val;
				i += (i & -i);
			}
		}

		long sum(int i) {
			long sum = 0L;
			while (i > 0) {
				sum += farr[i];
				i -= (i & -i);
			}
			return sum;
		}
	}

// ****CLASS PAIR ************************************************
//	static class Pair implements Comparable<Pair> {
//		int sp;
//		int ep;
//
//		Pair(int sp, int ep) {
//			this.sp = sp;
//			this.ep = ep;
//		}
//
//		public int compareTo(Pair o) {
//			return this.sp - o.sp;
//		}
//
//	}

	static class Pair implements Comparable<Pair> {
		char ch;
		ArrayList<Integer> idxs;

		Pair(char ch, ArrayList<Integer> idxs) {
			this.ch = ch;
			this.idxs = idxs;
		}

		public int compareTo(Pair o) {
			return o.idxs.size() - this.idxs.size();
		}

	}

	static class Edge implements Comparable<Edge> {
		int u;
		int v;
		int wt;

		Edge(int u, int v, int wt) {
			this.u = u;
			this.v = v;
			this.wt = wt;
		}

		public int compareTo(Edge o) {
			return this.wt - o.wt;
		}
	}

// *************Disjoint set
// union*********//
	static class dsu {
		int[] par;
		int[] rank;

		dsu(int n) {
			par = new int[n + 1];
			rank = new int[n + 1];
			for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {
				par[i] = i;
				rank[i] = 1;
			}
		}

		int find(int a) {
			if (par[a] == a) {
				return a;
			}
			int x = find(par[a]);
			par[a] = x;
			return x;
		}

		boolean union(int a, int b) {
			int pa = find(a);
			int pb = find(b);
			if (pa == pb) {
				return false;
			}
			if (rank[pa] > rank[pb]) {
				par[pb] = pa;
			} else if (rank[pb] > rank[pa]) {
				par[pa] = pb;
			} else {
				par[pa] = pb;
				rank[pb]++;
			}
			return true;
		}

	}

	// **************NCR%P******************
	static long ncr(int n, int r) {
		if (r > n)
			return (long) 0;
		long[] fact = new long[(int) 1e6 + 10];
		fact[0] = fact[1] = 1;
		for (int i = 2; i < fact.length; i++) {
			fact[i] = ((long) (i % mod) * (long) (fact[i - 1] % mod)) % mod;
		}
		long res = fact[n] % mod;
		res = ((long) (res % mod) * (long) (p(fact[r], mod - 2) % mod)) % mod;
		res = ((long) (res % mod) * (long) (p(fact[n - r], mod - 2) % mod)) % mod;
		return res;
	}

	static ArrayList<Integer> divisors(int n) {
		ArrayList<Integer> al = new ArrayList<>();
		for (int i = 1; i * i <= n; i++) {
			if (n % i == 0) {
				if (n == i * i) {
					al.add(i);
				} else {
					al.add(i);
					al.add(n / i);
				}
			}
		}
		Collections.sort(al);
		return al;
	}

	static long p(long x, long y)// POWER FXN //
	{
		if (y == 0)
			return 1;

		long res = 1;
		while (y > 0) {
			if (y % 2 == 1) {
				res = (res * x) % mod;
				y--;
			}

			x = (x * x) % mod;
			y = y / 2;

		}
		return res;
	}

	private static boolean pow2(int i) {
		return (i & (i - 1)) == 0;
	}

	private static void sort(int[] arr) {
		int n = arr.length;
		ArrayList<Integer> res = new ArrayList<>();
		for (int a : arr) {
			res.add(a);
		}
		Collections.sort(res);
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
			arr[i] = res.get(i);
		}
	}

	private static void sort(long[] arr) {
		int n = arr.length;
		ArrayList<Long> res = new ArrayList<>();
		for (long a : arr) {
			res.add(a);
		}
		Collections.sort(res);
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
			arr[i] = res.get(i);
		}
	}

	private static void revSort(int[] arr) {
		int n = arr.length;
		ArrayList<Integer> res = new ArrayList<>();
		for (int a : arr) {
			res.add(a);
		}
		Collections.sort(res, Collections.reverseOrder());
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
			arr[i] = res.get(i);
		}
	}

	private static ArrayList<Integer> sieveOfEratosthenes(int n) {
		boolean[] arr = new boolean[n + 1];

		arr[0] = arr[1] = true;
		for (int i = 2; i * i <= n; i++) {
			if (!arr[i]) {
				for (int j = i * i; j <= n; j += i) {
					arr[j] = true;
				}
			}
		}
		ArrayList<Integer> primes = new ArrayList<>();
		for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++) {
			if (!arr[i]) {
				primes.add(i);
			}
		}
		return primes;
	}

	private static ArrayList<Integer> segmentedSieve(int s, int e) {
		int len = (int) (Math.sqrt(e) + 1);
		ArrayList<Integer> primes = sieveOfEratosthenes(len);
		boolean[] arr2 = new boolean[e - s + 1];
		if (s == 1) {
			arr2[0] = true;
		}
		ArrayList<Integer> res = new ArrayList<>();
		for (int p : primes) {

			int st = (int) (p * (Math.ceil((double) s / p)));
			if (st < s) {
				st += p;
			}
			if (st == p) {
				st += p;
			}
			for (int i = st; i <= e; i += p) {
				arr2[i - s] = true;
			}
		}
		for (int i = 0; i < arr2.length; i++) {
			if (!arr2[i]) {
				res.add(i + s);
			}
		}
		return res;
	}

	private static long pow(int n, int k) {
		long res = 1;
		long num = (long) n;
		while (k > 0) {
			if ((k & 1) == 1) {
				res = (res * num) % mod;
			}
			k /= 2;
			num = num * num % mod;
		}
		return res;
	}

	private static int countDigits(int n) {
		int c = 0;
		while (n != 0) {
			c++;
			n /= 10;
		}
		return c;
	}

	private static boolean palindrome(String str) {
		int s = 0;
		int e = str.length() - 1;
		while (s < e) {
			if (str.charAt(s) != str.charAt(e)) {
				return false;
			}
			s++;
			e--;
		}
		return true;
	}

	private static void reverse(int[] arr, int s, int e) {
		while (s < e) {
			int temp = arr[s];
			arr[s++] = arr[e];
			arr[e--] = temp;
		}
	}

	private static int getMax(int[] arr, int s, int e) {
		int maxi = s;
		for (int i = s + 1; i <= e; i++) {
			if (arr[i] > arr[maxi]) {
				maxi = i;
			}
		}
		return maxi;
	}

	private static int getMin(int[] arr, int s, int e) {
		int mini = s;
		for (int i = s + 1; i <= e; i++) {
			if (arr[i] < arr[mini]) {
				mini = i;
			}
		}
		return mini;
	}

	// ******LOWEST COMMON MULTIPLE************************
	private static long lcm(long n1, long n2) {
		return (n1 * n2) / gcd(n1, n2);
	}

	private static int lcm(int n1, int n2) {
		return (n1 * n2) / gcd(n1, n2);
	}

	// ***********GCD*****************
	private static long gcd(long num1, long num2) {
		if (num2 == 0) {
			return num1;
		}
		return gcd(num2, num1 % num2);
	}

	private static int gcd(int num1, int num2) {
		if (num2 == 0) {
			return num1;
		}
		return gcd(num2, num1 % num2);
	}

	// **************PRIME FACTORIZE **********************************//
	static TreeMap<Long, Long> prime(long n) {
		TreeMap<Long, Long> h = new TreeMap<>();
		long num = n;
		for (int i = 2; i <= Math.sqrt(num); i++) {
			if (n % i == 0) {
				long nt = 0L;
				while (n % i == 0) {
					n = n / i;
					nt++;
				}
				h.put(i * 1L, nt);
			}
		}
		if (n != 1)
			h.put(n, 1L);
		return h;

	}

	static class InputReader {
		private InputStream stream;
		private byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
		private int curChar;
		private int numChars;
		private SpaceCharFilter filter;

		public InputReader(InputStream stream) {
			this.stream = stream;
		}

		public int read() {
			if (numChars == -1)
				throw new InputMismatchException();
			if (curChar >= numChars) {
				curChar = 0;
				try {
					numChars = stream.read(buf);
				} catch (IOException e) {
					throw new InputMismatchException();
				}
				if (numChars <= 0)
					return -1;
			}
			return buf[curChar++];
		}

		public int Int() {
			int c = read();
			while (isSpaceChar(c))
				c = read();
			int sgn = 1;
			if (c == '-') {
				sgn = -1;
				c = read();
			}
			int res = 0;
			do {
				if (c < '0' || c > '9')
					throw new InputMismatchException();
				res *= 10;
				res += c - '0';
				c = read();
			} while (!isSpaceChar(c));
			return res * sgn;
		}

		public String String() {
			int c = read();
			while (isSpaceChar(c))
				c = read();
			StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
			do {
				res.appendCodePoint(c);
				c = read();
			} while (!isSpaceChar(c));
			return res.toString();
		}

		public boolean isSpaceChar(int c) {
			if (filter != null)
				return filter.isSpaceChar(c);
			return c == ' ' || c == '\n' || c == '\r' || c == '\t' || c == -1;
		}

		public String next() {
			return String();
		}

		public interface SpaceCharFilter {
			public boolean isSpaceChar(int ch);
		}
	}

	static class OutputWriter {
		private final PrintWriter writer;

		public OutputWriter(OutputStream outputStream) {
			writer = new PrintWriter(new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(outputStream)));
		}

		public OutputWriter(Writer writer) {
			this.writer = new PrintWriter(writer);
		}

		public void print(Object... objects) {
			for (int i = 0; i < objects.length; i++) {
				if (i != 0)
					writer.print(' ');
				writer.print(objects[i]);
			}
		}

		public void println(Object... objects) {
			print(objects);
			writer.println();
		}

		public void close() {
			writer.close();
		}

		public void flush() {
			writer.flush();
		}
	}

//*****************INPUT PATTERN******************************************
	public static int i() {
		return in.Int();
	}

	public static long l() {
		String s = in.String();
		return Long.parseLong(s);
	}

	public static String s() {
		return in.String();
	}

	public static int[] readArray(int n) {
		int A[] = new int[n];
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
			A[i] = i();
		}
		return A;
	}

	public static long[] readArray(long n) {
		long A[] = new long[(int) n];
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
			A[i] = l();
		}
		return A;
	}

}
