passages: 107
passages: document
passages: Effects of soy intake on sex hormone metabolism in premenopausal women . Studies suggest that phytoestrogens in soy products may impart hormonal effects that protect women against breast cancer . Limited research suggests that intake of soy products high in isoflavonoid phytoestrogens affects sex hormone metabolism , but it is unknown whether phytoestrogens in soy have any effect on menstrual function or serum sex hormones in women on common hormone therapies , such as oral contraceptives ( OC ) . We studied the effects of soy in 36 premenopausal women , 20 of whom used OC . Subjects consumed their normal diet for two menstrual cycles and added a soy beverage containing 20 g of protein and 38 mg of total isoflavones to their usual diet for another two menstrual cycles . No significant differences were observed in serum estrone , estradiol , sex hormone-binding globulin , dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate , prolactin , or progesterone concentrations with soy feeding in the non-OC or the OC group . No changes in menstrual cycle length or the urinary estrogen metabolite ratio of 2-hydroxyestrone to 16 alpha-hydroxyestrone were seen with soy feeding in the non-OC or the OC group . Levels of urinary estrogen metabolites were significantly different between the non-OC and the OC group . Thus soy consumption had no significant effect on the menstrual cycle , serum sex hormones , or urinary estrogen metabolite ratio in premenopausal OC or non-OC users .
entities: 108
entities: Intervention_Pharmacological
entities: soy
entities: 109
entities: Intervention_Pharmacological
entities: soy
entities: 110
entities: Intervention_Pharmacological
entities: soy
entities: 111
entities: Intervention_Pharmacological
entities: soy
entities: 112
entities: Intervention_Pharmacological
entities: soy beverage
entities: 113
entities: Intervention_Pharmacological
entities: soy
entities: 114
entities: Intervention_Pharmacological
entities: soy
entities: 115
entities: Outcome_Physical
entities: sex hormone metabolism
entities: 116
entities: Outcome_Physical
entities: sex hormone metabolism
entities: 117
entities: Outcome_Physical
entities: serum estrone , estradiol , sex hormone-binding globulin , dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate , prolactin , or progesterone concentrations
entities: 118
entities: Outcome_Physical
entities: menstrual cycle length or the urinary estrogen metabolite ratio of 2-hydroxyestrone to 16 alpha-hydroxyestrone
entities: 119
entities: Outcome_Physical
entities: urinary estrogen metabolites
entities: 120
entities: Outcome_Physical
entities: menstrual cycle , serum sex hormones , or urinary estrogen metabolite ratio
entities: 121
entities: Participant_Condition
entities: premenopausal
entities: 122
entities: Participant_Sex
entities: women
entities: 123
entities: Participant_Condition
entities: .
entities: 124
entities: Participant_Sample-size
entities: 36
entities: 125
entities: Participant_Condition
entities: premenopausal
entities: 126
entities: Participant_Sex
entities: women
entities: 127
entities: Participant_Sample-size
entities: 20
entities: 128
entities: Participant_Condition
entities: used OC
entities: 129
entities: Participant_Condition
entities: premenopausal OC
entities: 130
entities: Participant_Condition
entities: non-OC users .