passages: 1978
passages: document
passages: Visual and kinesthetic locomotor imagery training integrated with auditory step rhythm for walking performance of patients with chronic stroke . OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of visual and kinesthetic locomotor imagery training on walking performance and to determine the clinical feasibility of incorporating auditory step rhythm into the training . DESIGN Randomized crossover trial . SETTING Laboratory of a Department of Physical Therapy . SUBJECTS Fifteen subjects with post-stroke hemiparesis . INTERVENTION Four locomotor imagery trainings on walking performance : visual locomotor imagery training , kinesthetic locomotor imagery training , visual locomotor imagery training with auditory step rhythm and kinesthetic locomotor imagery training with auditory step rhythm . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The timed up-and-go test and electromyographic and kinematic analyses of the affected lower limb during one gait cycle . RESULTS After the interventions , significant differences were found in the timed up-and-go test results between the visual locomotor imagery training ( 25.69 ± 16.16 to 23.97 ± 14.30 ) and the kinesthetic locomotor imagery training with auditory step rhythm ( 22.68 ± 12.35 to 15.77 ± 8.58 ) ( P < 0.05 ) . During the swing and stance phases , the kinesthetic locomotor imagery training exhibited significantly increased activation in a greater number of muscles and increased angular displacement of the knee and ankle joints compared with the visual locomotor imagery training , and these effects were more prominent when auditory step rhythm was integrated into each form of locomotor imagery training . The activation of the hamstring during the swing phase and the gastrocnemius during the stance phase , as well as kinematic data of the knee joint , were significantly different for posttest values between the visual locomotor imagery training and the kinesthetic locomotor imagery training with auditory step rhythm ( P < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSIONS The therapeutic effect may be further enhanced in the kinesthetic locomotor imagery training than in the visual locomotor imagery training . The auditory step rhythm together with the locomotor imagery training produces a greater positive effect in improving the walking performance of patients with post-stroke hemiparesis .
entities: 1979
entities: Intervention_Other
entities: Visual and kinesthetic locomotor imagery training
entities: 1980
entities: Intervention_Other
entities: auditory step rhythm
entities: 1981
entities: Intervention_Other
entities: visual and kinesthetic locomotor imagery training
entities: 1982
entities: Intervention_Other
entities: auditory step rhythm
entities: 1983
entities: Intervention_Other
entities: locomotor imagery trainings
entities: 1984
entities: Intervention_Other
entities: visual locomotor imagery training
entities: 1985
entities: Intervention_Other
entities: kinesthetic locomotor imagery training
entities: 1986
entities: Intervention_Other
entities: visual locomotor imagery training with auditory step rhythm
entities: 1987
entities: Intervention_Other
entities: kinesthetic locomotor imagery training with auditory step rhythm
entities: 1988
entities: Intervention_Other
entities: visual locomotor imagery training
entities: 1989
entities: Intervention_Other
entities: kinesthetic locomotor imagery training
entities: 1990
entities: Intervention_Other
entities: auditory step rhythm
entities: 1991
entities: Intervention_Other
entities: kinesthetic locomotor imagery
entities: 1992
entities: Intervention_Other
entities: visual locomotor imagery training
entities: 1993
entities: Intervention_Other
entities: step rhythm
entities: 1994
entities: Intervention_Other
entities: visual locomotor imagery training
entities: 1995
entities: Intervention_Other
entities: kinesthetic locomotor imagery training
entities: 1996
entities: Intervention_Other
entities: auditory step rhythm
entities: 1997
entities: Intervention_Other
entities: kinesthetic locomotor imagery training
entities: 1998
entities: Intervention_Other
entities: visual locomotor imagery training
entities: 1999
entities: Intervention_Other
entities: auditory step rhythm
entities: 2000
entities: Intervention_Other
entities: locomotor imagery training
entities: 2001
entities: Outcome_Physical
entities: walking performance
entities: 2002
entities: Outcome_Physical
entities: The timed up-and-go test and electromyographic and kinematic analyses of the affected lower limb
entities: 2003
entities: Outcome_Physical
entities: timed up-and-go test
entities: 2004
entities: Participant_Condition
entities: patients with chronic stroke .
entities: 2005
entities: Participant_Sample-size
entities: Fifteen
entities: 2006
entities: Participant_Condition
entities: subjects with post-stroke hemiparesis
entities: 2007
entities: Participant_Condition
entities: post-stroke hemiparesis