passages: 2931
passages: document
passages: Inverse Effect of Fluoxetine on Medial Prefrontal Cortex Activation During Reward Reversal in ADHD and Autism . Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) and autism spectrum disorder ( ASD ) share brain function abnormalities during cognitive flexibility . Serotonin is involved in both disorders , and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs ) can modulate cognitive flexibility and improve behavior in both disorders . Thus , this study investigates shared and disorder-specific brain dysfunctions in these 2 disorders during reward reversal , and the acute effects of an SSRI on these . Age-matched boys with ADHD ( 15 ) , ASD ( 18 ) , and controls ( 21 ) were compared with functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fMRI ) during a reversal task . Patients were scanned twice , under either an acute dose of Fluoxetine or placebo in a double-blind , placebo-controlled randomized design . Repeated-measures analyses within patients assessed drug effects . Patients under each drug condition were compared with controls to assess normalization effects . fMRI data showed that , under placebo , ASD boys underactivated medial prefrontal cortex ( mPFC ) , compared with control and ADHD boys . Both patient groups shared decreased precuneus activation . Under Fluoxetine , mPFC activation was up-regulated and normalized in ASD boys relative to controls , but down-regulated in ADHD boys relative to placebo , which was concomitant with worse task performance in ADHD . Fluoxetine therefore has inverse effects on mPFC activation in ASD and ADHD during reversal learning , suggesting dissociated underlying serotonin abnormalities .
entities: 2932
entities: Intervention_Pharmacological
entities: Fluoxetine
entities: 2933
entities: Intervention_Pharmacological
entities: Fluoxetine
entities: 2934
entities: Intervention_Control
entities: placebo
entities: 2935
entities: Intervention_Control
entities: placebo
entities: 2936
entities: Intervention_Pharmacological
entities: Fluoxetine
entities: 2937
entities: Intervention_Control
entities: placebo
entities: 2938
entities: Intervention_Pharmacological
entities: Fluoxetine
entities: 2939
entities: Outcome_Physical
entities: medial prefrontal cortex ( mPFC )
entities: 2940
entities: Outcome_Physical
entities: precuneus activation .
entities: 2941
entities: Outcome_Physical
entities: mPFC activation
entities: 2942
entities: Outcome_Mental
entities: task performance
entities: 2943
entities: Outcome_Physical
entities: mPFC activation
entities: 2944
entities: Participant_Condition
entities: ADHD and Autism . Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) and autism spectrum disorder ( ASD )
entities: 2945
entities: Participant_Sample-size
entities: 15
entities: 2946
entities: Participant_Sample-size
entities: 18
entities: 2947
entities: Participant_Sample-size
entities: 21