passages: 3326
passages: document
passages: [ The sympatho-adrenergic stress reaction in ear surgery using various anesthesia technics ] . The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of various anaesthetic procedures on the endocrine stress responses during ear microsurgical operations . Simple mastoidectomies , radical mastoidectomies and tympano plastics were carried out in 49 patients under the following randomised anaesthetic procedures : Group 1 halothane anaesthesia and retroauricular infiltration anaesthesia with lidocaine and ornipressin ( n = 14 ) , Group 2 fentanyl anaesthesia and retroauricular anaesthesia with lidocaine and ornipressin ( n = 10 ) , Group 3 fentanyl anaesthesia and retroauricular infiltration anaesthesia with lidocaine and epinephrine ( n = 14 ) , and Group 4 retroauricular infiltration anaesthesia with prilocaine and epinephrine ( n = 14 ) . The plasma levels of epinephrine , norepinephrine , glucose , lactate and free glycerol were measured in addition to mean arterial pressure ( MAP ) and heart rate ( HR ) immediately before anaesthesia , 10 minutes after skin incision , 10 minutes after having started bone drilling , at the end of the operation and 3 hours after operation . All data were subjected to covariance analysis including the age factor . Plasma catecholamine concentrations remained within the normal range during the investigation in patients subjected to general anaesthesia ( Groups 1-3 ) . Plasma catecholamines ( epinephrine and norepinephrine ) increased significantly in Group 4 ( retroauricular infiltration anaesthesia ) . There were no group variabilities with regard to MAP and HR . The plasma levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine demonstrate a direct response to stress followed by a secondary change in glucose , lactate and free glycerol . The beneficial effect of general anaesthesia is documented by normal plasma levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine throughout the operation . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS )
entities: 3327
entities: Intervention_Pharmacological
entities: halothane
entities: 3328
entities: Intervention_Pharmacological
entities: lidocaine
entities: 3329
entities: Intervention_Pharmacological
entities: ornipressin
entities: 3330
entities: Intervention_Pharmacological
entities: fentanyl
entities: 3331
entities: Intervention_Pharmacological
entities: lidocaine
entities: 3332
entities: Intervention_Pharmacological
entities: ornipressin
entities: 3333
entities: Intervention_Pharmacological
entities: fentanyl
entities: 3334
entities: Intervention_Pharmacological
entities: lidocaine
entities: 3335
entities: Intervention_Pharmacological
entities: epinephrine
entities: 3336
entities: Intervention_Pharmacological
entities: prilocaine
entities: 3337
entities: Intervention_Pharmacological
entities: epinephrine
entities: 3338
entities: Outcome_Physical
entities: plasma levels of epinephrine , norepinephrine , glucose , lactate
entities: 3339
entities: Outcome_Physical
entities: Plasma catecholamine concentrations
entities: 3340
entities: Outcome_Physical
entities: Plasma catecholamines ( epinephrine and norepinephrine )
entities: 3341
entities: Outcome_Physical
entities: MAP
entities: 3342
entities: Outcome_Physical
entities: HR .
entities: 3343
entities: Outcome_Physical
entities: plasma levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine
entities: 3344
entities: Outcome_Physical
entities: glucose , lactate and free glycerol .
entities: 3345
entities: Participant_Condition
entities: ear surgery
entities: 3346
entities: Participant_Condition
entities: ear microsurgical operations . Simple mastoidectomies , radical mastoidectomies and tympano plastics
entities: 3347
entities: Participant_Sample-size
entities: 49