Mark Amankwa Harrison, Afia F A Marfo, Kwame O Buabeng, Florence A Nkansah, Dorcas P Boateng, Daniel N A Ankrah
Drug-related problems among hospitalized hypertensive and heart failure patients and physician acceptance of pharmacists' interventions at a teaching hospital in Ghana
Health science reports
aim assess longitudinal trajectory childhood receptive language skills early influences course language development drawing data collected nationally representative british birth cohort 1970 british cohort study examined relationship directly assessed early receptive language ability family background housing conditions early literacy environment adult literacy skills sample 11349 cohort members completed english picture vocabulary test 5 years age studied 34 years age completed direct assessment basic literacy skills contrasted experiences individuals language problems age 5 experiences normal language skills age assessing role socioeconomic family background early literacy environment influencing longitudinal course developmental language problems statistical comparisons rates chi2 tests p values 001 01 05 made well multivariate logistic regressions cohort members receptive language problems age 5 relatively disadvantaged home life childhood terms socioeconomic resources education level parents also regarding exposure stimulating early literacy environment although significant risk poor adult literacy among children early language problems majority children develop competent functional literacy levels age 34 factors reduce risk persistent language problems include child born working family parental education beyond minimum schoolleaving age advantageous housing conditions preschool attendance effective literacypromoting interventions provided pediatric primary care providers target children parents