Ramnath Subbaraman|Laura Nolan|Tejal Shitole|Kiran Sawant|Shrutika Shitole|Kanuja Sood|Mahesh Nanarkar|Jess Ghannam|Theresa S. Betancourt|David E. Bloom|Anita Patil-Deshmukh
The psychological toll of slum living in Mumbai, India: A mixed methods study
Brigham and Women's Hospital|Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars|Princeton University|Global Brain Health Institute|University of California, San Francisco|Global Brain Health Institute|Harvard Global Health Institute|Harvard Global Health Institute
india nonnotified slums officially recognized city governments suffer insecure tenure poorer access basic services notified governmentrecognized slums conducted study nonnotified slum 12000 people mumbai determine prevalence individuals high risk common mental disorder ie depression anxiety ascertain impact mental health burden functional impairment assess influence slum environment mental health gathered qualitative data six focus group discussions 40 individual interviews julynovember 2011 purposively sampled participants quantitative data 521 structured surveys february 2012 respondents selected using communitylevel random sampling surveys administered general health questionnaire12 ghq screen common mental disorders cmds disability assessment schedule 20 das screen functional impairment slum adversity questionnaire used create composite slum adversity index sai score twentythree percent individuals ghq score 5 suggesting high risk cmd psychological distress major contributor slums overall burden functional impairment multivariable logistic regression model household income povertyrelated factors sai score strong independent associations cmd risk qualitative findings suggest nonnotified status plays central role creating psychological distressby creating exacerbating deprivations serve sources stress placing slum residents inherently antagonistic relationship government criminalization basic needs shaping community identity built feeling social exclusion rest city