Jennifer Cunningham-Erves, Consuelo H Wilkins, Amanda F Dempsey, Jessica L Jones, Chris Thompson, Kathryn Edwards, Megan Davis, Lindsay S Mayberry, Douglas Landsittal, Pamela C Hull
Development of a Tailored Mobile Phone-Based Intervention to Facilitate Parent-Child Communication and Build Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Confidence: Formative Qualitative Study
JMIR formative research
aim study examine psychosocial adjustment lowincome mothers lost spouses young age study conducted using qualitative research method phenomenological approach data collected focus group interviews thirteen women ages 26 43 participated study study manifest content analysis carried inductive perspective scope five interrelated themes emerged loss initial reactions difficulties coping ways change participants death spouse perceived loss loved one loss childrens father loss security loss abusive spouse initial reactions emerged result shock helplessness anxiety ambivalence participants faced social pressure exclusion parenting orphaned child insufficient basic life skills economic difficulties spouses deaths order cope difficulties sought social support applied social assistance funds focused motherhood roles used religious coping mechanisms set boundaries determined participants learned new skills gained selfconfidence developed helping behaviors toward others postloss change process findings revealed participants unable access adequate social economic psychological resources society circumstance caused withdraw social environment reevaluate existential goals new identity created women could interpreted challenge culture marginalizes