John Hoddinott|Jere R. Behrman|John A. Maluccio|Paúl Melgar|Agnes Quisumbing|Manuel Ramírez?Zea|Aryeh D. Stein|Kathryn M. Yount|Reynaldo Martorell
Adult consequences of growth failure in early childhood
Middlebury College|Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama|International Food Policy Research Institute
growth failure associated adverse consequences studies need control adequately confoundingwe related heightforage z scores hazs stunting age 24 mo adult human capital marriage fertility health economic outcomesin 20022004 collected data 1338 guatemalan adults aged 2542 studied children 19691977 used instrumental variable regression correct estimation bias adjusted potentially confounding factorsa 1sd increase haz associated schooling 078 grades higher test scores reading nonverbal cognitive skills 028 025 sds respectively characteristics marriage partners 139 older 102 grade schooling 101 cm taller women higher age first birth 077 fewer number pregnancies children 063 043 respectively 1sd increase haz associated increased household per capita expenditure 21 lower probability living poverty 10 percentage points conversely stunted 2 associated less schooling lower test performance lower household per capita expenditure increased probability living poverty women stunting associated lower age first birth higher number pregnancies children little relation either haz stunting adult healthgrowth failure early life profound adverse consequences life course human social economic capital