Richard L. Sparks|Jon Patton|Leonore Ganschow|Nancy Humbach
Long?Term Crosslinguistic Transfer of Skills From L1 to L2
Mount St. Joseph University|Miami University|Ohio University|Miami University|Ohio University|Miami University|Ohio University
study investigated relationship first language l1 skills elementary school second language l2 learning high school students classified high average lowproficiency l2 learners compared l1 achievement measures reading spelling vocabulary phonological awareness listening comprehension administered first second third fifth grades l2 aptitude measure administered ninth grade l2 word decoding l2 spelling measures administered end first secondyear l2 courses outcome measures oral written l2 proficiency measures spanish french german administered end 2 years l2 study results showed overall differences among three proficiency groups l1 achievement measures second fifth grades l2 aptitude measure l2 word decoding spelling measures highproficiency l2 learners exhibited stronger l1 skills l2 aptitude average lowproficiency l2 learners findings showed l1 skill differences emerged early elementary school related l2 proficiency achievement several years later high school findings provide support longterm crosslinguistic transfer l1 l2 skills