Raghu Raman, Hiran H Lathabai, Santanu Mandal, Payel Das, Tavleen Kaur, Prema Nedungadi
ChatGPT: Literate or intelligent about UN sustainable development goals?
PloS one
although surgical suturing one important basic skills many medical school graduates acquire sufficient knowledge due lack integration curriculum shortage tutors elearning approaches attempt address issue still rely involvement tutors furthermore learning experience visualspatial ability appear play critical role surgical skill acquisition virtual reality headmounted displays hmds could address benefits immersive stereoscopic learning surgical suturing techniques still unclear multiarm randomized controlled trial 150 novices participated three teaching modalities compared elearning course monoscopic hmdbased course stereoscopic immersive selfdirected tutorled course feedback suturing performance recorded video camera course participation 26 h video material assessed blinded fashion using objective structured assessment technical skills osats global rating score grs furthermore optical flow videos determined using algorithm number sutures performed counted visualspatial ability measured mental rotation test mrt courses assessed questionnaires students selfassessment hmdbased course comparable tutorled course significantly better elearning course p 0003 course suitability rated best tutorled course x 48 followed hmdbased x 36 elearning x 25 courses median grs courses comparable p 015 124 95 ci 100127 elearning course 141 95 ci 130150 hmdbased course 127 95 ci 103142 tutorled course however grs significantly correlated number sutures performed training session p 0002 visualspatial ability p 0615 optical flow r2 015 p 0001 number sutures performed r2 073 p 0001 used additional measures grs use hmds stereoscopic immersive video provides advantages learning experience preferred traditional web application elearning contrary expectations feedback necessary novices achieve sufficient level suturing number surgical sutures performed training good determinant competence improvement nevertheless feedback still enhances learning experience therefore automated assessment alternative feedback approach could improve selfdirected learning modalities next step data study could used develop automated aibased assessments