Linchao Zhu, Hehe Fan, Yawei Luo, Mingliang Xu, Yi Yang
Few-Shot Common-Object Reasoning Using Common-Centric Localization Network
IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society
inhibitory control ic defined executive functioning ef selfregulatory temperamental inhibition impulsive prepotent behavior consistently linked multiple forms childhood cognitive socioemotional maladjustment including academic learning challenges externalizing behaviors attention deficit hyperactivity disorder however results relevant investigations somewhat dependent method ic assessment theoretical approach researcher two primary theoretical perspectives ic temperament ef approaches although considerable overlap perspectives distinctions regard assessment emphases cognition vs emotion therefore investigations including temperament ef approaches ic considerable interest best inform future education prevention intervention efforts investigation examined associations child ic working memory wm receptive vocabulary externalizing behavioral problems primary caregiver depression anxiety symptoms using family study design sample composed 99 families two typically developing preschool children n 198 2555 years old 388 sd 104 one primary caregiverparent child ic assessed using multimethod approach consisting one parentrated questionnaire three independent observer rating subscales two videotaped inperson laboratory temperament episodes ef stroop task child wm receptive vocabulary measured laboratory using standard assessment techniques remaining measures parentreported male child participants significantly higher levels observerrated hyperactivity impulsivity females higher levels observerrated attention stroopassessed ic correlational results showed excepting icstroop snack delay task ic measures significantly correlated ic measures except snack delay positively correlated wm receptive vocabulary except labtab snack delay observerrated hyperactivity wm receptive vocabulary also positively correlated ic variables wm receptive vocabulary significantly related externalizing behavior problems generally children higher ic wm receptive vocabulary lower levels behavioral maladjustment lower parentrated ic higher levels externalizing behavior problems positively associated maternal depression anxiety lower receptive vocabulary level related depression employing structural equation modeling sem analyses examined interrelationships among ic temperament variables icstroop wm receptive vocabulary controlling age gender externalizing behaviors maternal depression anxiety parentrater variance multimethod effect results hypothesized model showed ic temperament factor composed six temperament ic measures showed positive effect receptive vocabulary icstroop positively predicted wm ic temperament factor icstroop positively correlated ic temperament factor icstroop wm receptive vocabulary positively related age ic temperament factor also associated fewer externalizing behavior problems maternal depression negative effect receptive vocabulary females showed lower levels wm receptive vocabulary males overall ic temperament factor covariates together accounted 225 variance vocabulary whereas icstroop controlled variables could explain 498 variance wm findings indicate theoretical perspectives case temperament ef ic contexts different types assessments used crucial considerations interpreting results studies early childhood ic although assessments ic associated outcomes study found specific associations temperament measures ic receptive vocabulary well externalizing icstroop wm addition maternal depression effect receptive vocabulary emphasizing developmental importance family environment preschool findings relevant field child development address several important questions child ef selfregulation 1 temperament ef conceptions ic differentially predict outcomes 2 way measure ic ef selfregulationtemperament perspectives impact conceptualizations important constructs 3 reconcile various ways different disciplines define ic independenceoverlap 4 multimethod multidisciplinary perspectives data collection approaches combined better understand temperament ef conceptions ic future studies sample employ multitheoretical multimethod approach assessment preschool predict temperament ef behavioral academic adjustment elementary school longitudinally