Irma Arteaga, Kathy Thornburg, Rajeev Darolia, Jacqueline Hawks
Improving Teacher Practices With Children Under Five: Experimental Evidence From the Mississippi Buildings Blocks
Evaluation review
effectiveness social distancing controlling influenza epidemics debatable analyzed local impact largescale social distancing caused heavy snowfall influenza epidemic surveillance data national institute infectious diseases influenza diagnosed registered fukui prefecture institutions plotted epidemic curves also compared number elementary junior high school students suspended attendance due influenza 20172018 season northern southern fukui prefecture territories weekly incidence influenza rates average rates school closure caused heavy snowfall northern territory compared southern territory using poisson generalized estimating equations account school variability northern territory epidemic curve like nationwide trend rapidly declined heavy snowfall formed second peak 4 weeks later southern territorys curve like nationwide trend throughout weekly incidence rate ratios schools northern versus southern territories varied 023 heavy snowfall 232 4 weeks snowfall cumulative incidence ratio 95 confidence interval northerntosouthern territories 092 074113 p 042 school closure significantly reduced incidence rate 041 95 confidence interval 019089 p 002 although relatively largescale simultaneous school closures social distancing could temporarily suppress seasonal influenza epidemic could impede cumulative incidence largescale social distancing may contribute slowing infection spread seasonal influenza epidemics