Ali Reza Yusefi, Eshagh Barfar, Salman Daneshi, Mohsen Bayati, Gholamhossein Mehralian, Peivand Bastani
Health literacy and health promoting behaviors among inpatient women during COVID-19 pandemic
BMC women's health
digitalization healthcare requires users sufficient competence using digital health technologies netherlands well countries need comprehensive personcentered assessment ehealth literacy understand address ehealth literacy related needs improve equitable uptake use digital health technologies aimed translate culturally adapt original ehealth literacy questionnaire ehlq dutch collect initial validity evidence ehlq translated using systematic approach forward translation item intent matrix back translation consensus meetings developer validitydriven multistudy approach used collect validity evidence 1 test content 2 response processes 3 internal structure cognitive interviews n 14 held assess test content response processes study 1 prefinal ehlq version completed 1650 people participating ehealth study study 2 sevenfactor confirmatory factor analysis cfa model fitted data assess internal structure ehlq invariance testing performed across gender age education current diagnosis cognitive interviews showed problems wording phrasing resonance individuals world views cfa demonstrated equivalent internal structure hypothesized original ehlq acceptable fit indices items loaded substantially corresponding latent factors range 051081 model partially metric invariant across subgroups comparison scores groups showed people younger higher educated current diagnosis generally scored higher across domains however effect sizes small data studies triangulated resulting minor refinements eight items recommendations use score interpretation reporting dutch version ehlq showed strong properties assessing ehealth literacy dutch context ongoing collection validity evidence recommended evidence presented indicate ehlq used researchers ehealth developers policy makers identify ehealth literacy needs inform development ehealth interventions ensure people limited digital access skills left behind