Lei Zhao, Chao Han, Zheng Zheng, Shuang Ling Xiu, Piu Chan
Risk of mini-mental state examination (MMSE) decline in the elderly with type 2 diabetes: a Chinese community-based cohort study
BMC endocrine disorders
evaluate efficacy intravesical ive bacillus calmetteguerin bcg treat nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer nmibc recurrences patients previously undergone nephroureterectomy upper tract urothelial carcinoma utuc performed single institution retrospective review patients underwent nephroureterectomy utuc 2009 2021 patients subsequently developed nmibc treated transurethral resection followed ive bcg included study group control cohort formed retrospective review patents primary nmibc treated bcg period patients control cohort matched stage bladder cancer 21 ratio control study subjects demographic data pathology bladder tumors prior following bcg use maintenance bcg mbcg time recurrence time progression progression cystectomy progression metastatic disease collected patients descriptive statistics utilized compare 2 groups primary outcome progression muscle invasive disease secondary outcomes included intravesical recurrence free survival disease free survival progression metastatic disease univariable multivariable logistic regression analysis performed elucidate independent variables associated bladder tumor recurrence multivariable cox regression analysis used assess impact prior utuc time bladder tumor recurrence onehundred ninetyone patients underwent nephroureterectomy institution 2009 2021 utuc twentyfive patients identified subsequently developed nmibc recurrences treated inductions bcg control group comprised 50 patients primary nmibc matched stage bladder cancer bcg indicated study group median interquartile range iqr followup significantly longer control group relative study group 648 501856 vs 25 months 1735 p 0001 significant differences demographics study control groups rate progression muscle invasive disease 17 vs 0 study group control group respectively p 00521 history utuc associated increased risk intravesical bladder tumor recurrence post bcg multivariable analysis hr 25 p 0017 kaplan meier survival analysis p 0039 mean time bladder tumor recurrence treatment bcg significantly worse study group 79 vs 239 months p 00322 similarly rate progression metastatic disease worse study group 24 vs 2 p 00047 overall diseasefree survival also noted significantly worse kaplan meier survival analysis study group p 00074 statistically significant differences stage grade bladder tumor recurrence grade bladder tumor recurrence rate progression cystectomy identified study suggests reduced efficacy bcg nmibc patients history utuc patients population counseled accordingly research alternative treatments bladder tumor recurrence aggressive prophylactic regimens nephroureterectomy prevention bladder tumor recurrence population encouraged