Alyssa Anderson, Susan Barcinas
Virtual Program Delivery: Learning Through Extension Nutrition Educators' Experiences During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Journal of nutrition education and behavior
insula crucial hub human brain network divided anterior posterior regions previous studies reported different insula subregions play various roles amnestic mild cognitive impairment amci however longitudinal changes functional connectivity fc insula subregion amci patients time remain unclear twenty amci patients 20 healthy controls hcs recruited underwent restingstate functional magnetic resonance imaging fmri scans neuropsychological assessments baseline 15month followup fmri data preprocessed using spm 12 conn toolbox twoway analysis covariance used compare longitudinal changes fc insula subregion covariates including sex age education followup interval volume gray matter global correlation gcor pearsons correlation used evaluate relationship insula subregional fc neuropsychological performance amci patients amci patients right anterior insula exhibited significantly increased fc left anterior cingulate cortex whereas left posterior insula exhibited decreased fc right precuneus compared hcs furthermore fc right anterior insula left anterior cingulate cortex significantly correlated global cognition followup current findings revealed different functional alterations insula subregions provided new insights neurodegenerative process amci patients