Carlo Reverberi, Luca L Bonatti, Richard S J Frackowiak, Eraldo Paulesu, Paolo Cherubini, Emiliano Macaluso
Large scale brain activations predict reasoning profiles
NeuroImage
pediatric malnutrition associated adverse clinical outcomes longer lengths stay higher health care costs characterize prevalence temporal trends shortterm clinical outcomes coded diagnoses pediatric malnutrition cdm across sociodemographic clinical hospital characteristics 2002 2011 study retrospective crosssectional analysis nationally representative data nationwide inpatient sample kids inpatient database study sample included pediatric inpatient hospitalizations united states international classification diseases9th revisionclinical modification diagnosis codes used identify cdm coded malnutrition subtypes based etiologyrelated definition pediatric malnutrition national frequency prevalence cdm overall across patient hospitallevel characteristics estimated children aged 1 month 17 years logistic regression used assess association cdm characteristic analyses evaluated conditions associated highest burden risk cdm compared clinical outcomes across malnutrition subtypes joinpoint regression used describe temporal trends cdm 21 million pediatric patients hospitalized annually 54600 cdm national prevalence 26 considerable variation observed based primary diagnosis fluid electrolyte disorders contributing malnutrition cases highest cdm rates among patients stomach cancer cystic fibrosis human immunodeficiency virus patients cdm experienced worse clinical outcomes longer lengths stay increased costs inpatient care overall prevalence cdm increased 19 2002 37 2011 8 annual increase temporal increases observed nearly population subgroups despite improvements pediatric malnutrition remains underdiagnosed inpatient settings relying exclusively international classification diseasesbased codes underscores need national benchmarking program estimate true prevalence clinical significance cost pediatric malnutrition