Kristian Brat, Michal Svoboda, Jaromir Zatloukal, Marek Plutinsky, Eva Volakova, Patrice Popelkova, Barbora Novotna, Tomas Dvorak, Vladimir Koblizek
The Relation Between Clinical Phenotypes, GOLD Groups/Stages and Mortality in COPD Patients - A Prospective Multicenter Study
International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
prior research demonstrated summer learning rooted family community influences widens achievement gap across social lines schooling offsets family community influences article examine longterm educational consequences summer learning differences family socioeconomic level using data baltimore beginning school study youth panel decompose achievement scores start high school developmental precursors back time school entry 1st grade find cumulative achievement gains first nine years childrens schooling mainly reflect schoolyear learning whereas high seslow ses achievement gap 9th grade mainly traces differential summer learning elementary years early outofschool summer learning differences turn substantially account achievementrelated differences family ses high school track placements college preparatory high school noncompletion fouryear college attendance discuss implications understanding bases educational stratification well educational policy practice