Włodzimierz Borkowski
[Evidence based medicine (EBM) in health care system and treatment of individual patient. Part iii. Teaching of epidemiological methodology and statistics]
Przeglad epidemiologiczny
recess represents prime opportunity physical activity school day however evidence mixed regard factors associated activity recess data collected part texas initiative childrens activity nutrition ican program 14 elementary schools 1049 4thgrade students percent time moderatetovigorous physical activity mvpa sedentary behavior recess measured using gt3x accelerometers students demographics aerobic fitness body mass index bmi collected school records fitnessgram data aspects playground environment supporting activity eg soccer goals sedentary behavior eg benches calculated following procedures system observing play leisure activity youth soplay recess spatial area calculated via polygon measurement tool google earth pro software recess time collected school data weather recess determined using timestamped archived weather data weather underground twolevel linear mixed model regression examined associations individual schoollevel characteristics percent time mvpa studentlevel boys active girls effect size es050 percent time mvpa directly associated aerobic fitness es035 schoollevel recess infrastructure associated percent time mvpa es145 except factors related sedentary behavior indirectly associated percent time mvpa es198 patterns sedentary behavior mirrored effects one studies test associations fitness sedentary upgrades play areas mvpa sedentary behavior results suggest recess likely support mvpa boys already fit ie would target intervention surprising focus recess free choice play thus recess might supported social emotional benefits impact physical activity