Saloni Patel, Elizabeth Olatunji, Abba Mallum, Binsila Bernard Benjika, Adedayo O Joseph, Shomari Joseph, Nwamaka Lasebikan, Habiba Mahuna, Mamsau Ngoma, Twalib Athumani Ngoma, Godwin Nnko, Chinelo Onwualu, Mariza Vorster, Wilfred Ngwa
Expanding radiotherapy access in Sub-Saharan Africa: an analysis of travel burdens and patient-related benefits of hypofractionation
Frontiers in oncology
observational studies suggested potential correlation dietary intake amyotrophic lateral sclerosis als conflicting findings exist causality remains unclear performed mendelian randomization mr analysis evaluate causal impact relative intake carbohydrate ii fat iii protein als risk genomewide association summary statistics three dietary macronutrient intake traits als obtained initially forward reverse univariable mr uvmr analysis conducted using inverse variance weighted ivw method primary approach supplemented mregger weighted median maximum likelihood subsequently multivariable mr mvmr analysis performed assess independent causal effects dietary additionally diverse sensitivity tests conducted evaluate reliability mr analyses forward uvmr analysis conducted ivw indicated relative carbohydrate intake significantly increased als risk furthermore results three mr methods paralleled ivw however two dietary intake traits causative impact als risk reverse uvmr analysis indicated als causatively influence three dietary intake traits mvmr analysis showed adjusting effects two dietary intake traits relative carbohydrate intake independently significantly increased als risk sensitivity tests indicated significant heterogeneity horizontal pleiotropy mr analysis supported relative carbohydrate independently increasing als risk nevertheless validation finding future large cohorts required abbreviations als amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ci confidence interval gwas genomewide association study iv instrumental variable ivw iverse variance weighted mr mendelian randomization mvmr multivariable mendelian randomization odds ratio rct randomized controlled trial snps singlenucleotide polymorphisms uvmr univariable mendelian randomization