James Sumowski|Maria A. Rocca|Victoria M. Leavitt|Jelena Da?kovi?|Šarlota Mesaroš|Jelena Drulovi?|John DeLuca|Massimo Filippi
Brain reserve and cognitive reserve protect against cognitive decline over 4.5 years in MS
Kessler Foundation|Vita-Salute San Raffaele University|Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey|University of Belgrade|Kessler Foundation|Vita-Salute San Raffaele University|University of Belgrade|Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey|Kessler Foundation|Vita-Salute San Raffaele University|Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey|University of Belgrade|Kessler Foundation|Vita-Salute San Raffaele University|Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey|University of Belgrade|Kessler Foundation|Vita-Salute San Raffaele University|Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey|University of Belgrade|Kessler Foundation|Vita-Salute San Raffaele University|Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey|University of Belgrade|Kessler Foundation|Vita-Salute San Raffaele University|Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey|University of Belgrade|Kessler Foundation|Vita-Salute San Raffaele University|Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey|University of Belgrade
based theories brain reserve cognitive reserve investigated whether larger maximal lifetime brain growth mlbg andor greater lifetime intellectual enrichment protect cognitive decline timeforty patients multiple sclerosis ms underwent baseline 45year followup evaluations cognitive efficiency symbol digit modalities test paced auditory serial addition task memory selective reminding test spatial recall test baseline followup mris quantified disease progression percentage brain volume change cerebral atrophy percentage change t2 lesion volume mlbg brain reserve estimated intracranial volume intellectual enrichment cognitive reserve estimated vocabulary performed repeatedmeasures analyses covariance investigate whether larger mlbg andor greater intellectual enrichment moderateattenuate cognitive decline time controlling disease progressionpatients ms declined cognitive efficiency memory p 0001 mlbg moderated decline cognitive efficiency p 0031 p 2 0122 larger mlbg protecting decline mlbg moderate memory decline p 0234 p 2 0039 intellectual enrichment moderated decline cognitive efficiency p 0031 p 2 0126 memory p 0037 p 2 0115 greater intellectual enrichment protecting decline ms disease progression negatively associated change cognitive efficiency memory among patients lower vs higher mlbg intellectual enrichmentwe provide longitudinal support theories brain reserve cognitive reserve ms larger mlbg protects decline cognitive efficiency greater intellectual enrichment protects decline cognitive efficiency memory consideration protective factors improve prediction future cognitive decline patients ms