Madeline N Dunfee, Heather Bush, Kate A Leger, Timothy J Hilbert, Candace Brancato, Erin N Haynes
Characteristics of K-12 Teachers Considering Leaving Due to COVID-19 and for Other Reasons
The Journal of school health
nonalcoholic fatty liver disease nafld currently prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide time relationship air pollution likelihood developing nafld subject debate due conflicting findings previous observational research objective examine potential correlation air pollutant levels risk nafld european population employing twosample mendelian randomization mr analysis uk biobank consortium provided summary statistics various air pollution indicators pm25 pm25 absorbance pm2510 pm10 no2 nox additionally information nafld obtained three studies including one derivation set two validation sets heterogeneity pleiotropy sensitivity analyses performed different mr frameworks instrumental variables associated confounders education smoking alcohol bmi detected tools derivation set causal relationships pm25 no2 nafld observed univariable mendelian randomization uvmr odds ratio 199 95 confidence interval 95 ci 122322 p 0005 208 95 ci 127340 p 0004 respectively adjustment air pollutants alcohol intake frequency multivariable mendelian randomization mvmr genetic correlations disappeared validation sets null associations remained uvmr findings mr analysis using genetic data provide evidence causal association air pollution nafld european population associations observed epidemiological studies could partly attributed confounders