Xue Xue, Hao Wang, Tian-Ying Jia, Wen-Jia Qu, Hai-Li Wang, Jie-Ping Xin, Meng-Nan Liu, Hui Xiong, Xiang-Ri Li
[Comparative study on quality of decoction pieces of Saposhnikovia divaricata with different growth patterns and years and thinking of standard of decoction pieces of S. divaricata in Chinese Pharmacopoeia]
Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica
spanish language united states greatest languageconcordant physician deficit allopathic medical spanish programs proliferated national prevalence medical spanish education osteopathic medical schools never evaluated objectives study describe medical spanish educational landscape us osteopathic schools evaluate program adherence previously established basic standards march october 2022 surveys sent 44 member schools american association colleges osteopathic medicine aacom nonrespondents data obtained publicly available websites primary surveys sent deans diversity equity inclusion officers osteopathic school determine whether medical spanish offered identify medical spanish leader medical spanish leaders received secondary survey main measures study prevalence medical spanish programs osteopathic schools extent existing programs met four basic standards faculty educator providing curricular structure assessing learner skills awarding institutional course credit gathered medical spanish information 909 4044 osteopathic schools overall 886 3944 offered medical spanish 667 2639 formal curricula 436 1739 faculty educators 179 739 assessed learner skills 282 1139 provided course credit 128 539 osteopathic schools medical spanish programs met basic standards urbansuburban schools likelier offer medical spanish rural schools p0020 osteopathic schools states highest spanishspeaking populations likely offer studentrun initiatives p0027 osteopathic schools provide medical spanish education work needed improve consistency quality sustainability future research focus osteopathic student language proficiency assessment improve medical spanish accessibility students rural programs explore unique content areas osteopathic medical spanish education