Lisa Peterson|Jan N. Hughes
The differences between retained and promoted children in educational services received
Mitchell Institute|Texas A&M University|Mitchell Institute|Texas A&M University
abstract purpose study determine whether students retained first grade relative similarly lowachieving students promoted differed number remedial educational services received students preretention year repeat year study participants 769 relatively lowachieving firstgrade students 165 retained first grade 604 promoted controlling students conditional probability retained based propensity scores calculated prior retention retained students received number services promoted students preretention year following year retained students first grade promoted students second grade retained students received fewer services promoted students furthermore retained children larger decrease services year 1 year 2 data support notion grade retention used primary intervention instead component comprehensive remediation plan 2010 wiley periodicals inc