Larry M. Logue|Peter Blanck
“Benefit of the Doubt”: African-American Civil War Veterans and Pensions
Mississippi College
laws provided pensions union army veterans putatively colorblind whites african americans experienced pension system differently black veterans less likely apply pensions programs early years yet matter applied encountered two stages bias first examining physicians far systematically pension bureau reviewers evidence suggests pension income reduced mortality among africanamerican veterans underscoring tangible results justice denied