Yi Guo, Di-Yue Liu, Yu-Jia Wang, Meng-Jie Huang, Nan Jiang, Qiang Hou, Bojunhao Feng, Wen-Yu Wu, Yi-Bo Wu, Fei Qi, Xin-Ying Sun
Family functioning and nicotine dependence among smoking fathers: a cross-sectional study
BMC public health
early adolescence often marked changes school context family relationships developmental processes context changes academic performance often declines time longterm implications academic performance increase promoting achievement across elementary secondary school levels significant role families familyschool relations parental involvement education highlighted although growing body literature focusing parental involvement education middle school research systematically examined determine types involvement strongest relation achievement authors conducted metaanalysis existing research parental involvement middle school determine whether types parental involvement related achievement across 50 studies parental involvement positively associated achievement exception parental help homework involvement reflected academic socialization strongest positive association achievement based known characteristics developmental stage tasks adolescence strategies reflecting academic socialization consistent developmental stage early adolescence