Gijs Hesselink, Joey Cheng, Yvonne Schoon
A systematic review of instruments to measure health literacy of patients in emergency departments
Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
recent years numerous studies examined chemical compounds petrol petrol data forensic research standard quantitative methods often assume variables compounds compositional constraints part constrained whole operating within euclidean vector space however chemical compounds typically part whole appropriate vector space analysis simplex biased arbitrary results result statistical analysis applied data without proper preprocessing data compositional analysis data yet considered forensic science therefore compare classical statistical analysis applied forensic research new proposed paradigm compositional data analysis coda demonstrated analysis improves analysis petrol forensic science study shows principal component analysis pca classification results affected preprocessing steps performed raw data results indicate results log ratio analysis provides better separation subgroups data leads easier interpretation results addition compositional analysis higher classification accuracy obtained even nonlinear classification method case random forest shown perform poorly applied without using compositional methods moreover normalization samples due laboratoryunitofmeasurement effects longer necessary since composition observation compositional thinking equivalent multiple used log ratios raw log ratio transformed data equal petrol data different petrol stations brazil used demonstration data highly susceptible counterfeit petrol forensic analysis chemical elements requires nonbiased statistical analysis designed compositional data detect fraud based results recommend use compositional data methods gasoline petrol chemical element analysis gasoline product characterization authentication fraud detection forensic sciences