Dayeong Kim, Youjung Hong, Sung Ok Chang
Ways of interdisciplinary approaches to advocating for nursing home residents with dementia
Journal of advanced nursing
expansion goat improvement programs requires exploration factors influence production system breeding initiatives characterization goat breeds populations crucial providing information prevalent goat types attributes may suffice guideline conservation development selection improved productivity study investigated existing village goat production system phenotypic diversity different village populations four south african provinces study investigated use phenotypic attributes classify goats breeds populations data collected 142 households 26 villages eastern cape n 2 villages kwazulunatal n 6 villages limpopo n 13 villages north west n 5 villages provinces survey individual interviews focus group discussions revealed mean goat herd size per household least limpopo 132 1240 highest eastern cape 3418 2836 flocks p 005 adults kids distribution breeding animals biased towards less bucks goats kept mainly meat selling ritual ceremonies goat production system mainly scavenging goat health major challenge across households villages qualitative traits coat horn ears wattle characteristics recorded populations village goats n 319 feral tankwa breed n 50 dominant coat pattern plain 7453 black common coat color 3198 across breeds majority 8808 goats horns 759 wattles 5664 beard adult goats 3 years n 398 analyzed five quantitative traits chest girth height length pin bone significant p 005 breed differences stepwise discriminatory procedure used rank quantitative traits according discriminatory power separate breeds populations significant traits subjected canonical discriminant analysis principle component analysis based quantitative traits tankwa xhosa tswana goats formed cluster separated commercial meat type breeds venda zulu ecotypes discriminant function analysis correctly classified 9041 zulu goats 8293 xhosa village populations none savanna goats correctly classified study demonstrated diversity village goat populations production systems would allow within population selection genetic improvement programs heterogeneity phenotypic traits village goats reflective role village production systems maintenance animal diversity local populations