John Whitaker, Idara Edem, Abena S Amoah, Albert Dube, Lucia D'Ambruoso, Rory F Rickard, Andy J M Leather, Justine Davies
Understanding the health system utilisation and reasons for avoidable mortality after fatal injury within a Three-Delays framework in Karonga, Northern Malawi: a retrospective analysis of verbal autopsy data
BMJ open
children attentiondeficithyperactivity disorder adhd consistently found experience impairments peer functioning irritability highly prevalent children adhd may worsen social impairments given frequent temper outbursts low frustration tolerance characterizing irritability however still unclear adhd irritability symptoms interact peer functioning difficulties time assessing temporal dynamics using novel longitudinal approach ie temporal network analysis may reveal precise targets intervention study investigates dynamic associations adhd symptoms irritability peer functioning community sample 739 children ages 811 years mage 1006 sd 059 4777 females assessed three timepoints 6 months apart schoolbased study parents reported childs adhd symptoms using swanson nolan pelham rating scale snapiv irritability symptoms using child behavior checklist cbcl irritability items childrens peer functioning ie peer acceptance peer rejection number friendships victimization measured via peer nomination estimate longitudinal associations variables built graphical vector autoregression model panel data longitudinal network highlighted poor peer functioning contributed increases symptoms time specifically 1 physical victimization predicted increases inattention hyperactivity irritability 2 peer rejection predicted increases inattention turn predicted increases irritability 3 peer acceptance predicted decreases inattention irritability 4 higher numbers mutual friendships increased inattention results suggest negative social environment involving physical bullying rejection may aggravate adhd irritability symptoms conversely positive social interactions liked peers may improve inattention irritability symptoms fostering socialemotional skills positive social interactions environments children adhd irritability may promising target future interventions reduce symptoms