Denyse Mugwaneza, Edson Rwagasore, Ziad El-Khatib, Pierre Dukuziyaturemye, Jared Omolo, Olivier Nsekuye, Samuel Rwunganira, Maximillian Manzi
Factors Associated with Inappropriate Use of Antibiotics Among Animal Health Professionals in Selected Districts of Rwanda, 2021
Journal of epidemiology and global health
disparities early orthopaedic experiences among medical students prompt critical examination factors influencing availability nature exposures current body literature underscores significance early surgical exposure mentorship medical education notable gap exists investigating early orthopaedic exposure specific impact students diverse backgrounds 16item questionnaire approved institutional review board administered fourthyear medical students ms4 firstyear orthopaedic residents pgy1 across us orthopaedic surgery programs 20222023 application cycle questionnaire assessed participants initial orthopaedic exposures factors influencing interest field twoproportion ztest analyses conducted analyze data thematic analysis used assess qualitative data involving freeresponse questions 72 total respondents study revealed 83 respondents encountered orthopaedics medical school initial exposures stemming various sources familial connections 28 athletics 17 high school college exposures 15 including shadowing athletics participation occupationrelated exposure disparities observed availability orthopaedic mentors early exposure opportunities demographic groups statistical analyses highlighted significant differences access mentors reflected students identities male nonmale participants 70 vs 39 p002 white nonwhite participants 69 vs 36 p002 white participants also likely first interact surgeon treated family members nonwhite participants 35 vs 7 p004 nonwhite participants likely white participants come first orthopaedic opportunity searching independently 21 vs 4 p003 family friend connections orthopaedics found influential motivating students pursue orthopaedics 40 respondents indicating personal connections medicine 12 reporting family members orthopaedic surgeons research experiences identified important contributors students initial interest motivation ultimately pursue orthopaedics especially diverse backgrounds findings underscore importance early orthopaedic exposures shaping students interest field highlighting need immersive preclinical year opportunities enhanced mentorship programs addressing disparities mentorship access early exposure opportunities requires systemic changes increased support underrepresented minorities orthopaedics initiatives like mentorship programs research opportunities help bridge gaps access early orthopaedic experiences medical schools prioritise targeted early access orthopaedic exposures students regardless background initiative aims promote inclusivity cultivate diverse orthopaedic workforce capable meeting evolving healthcare needs society