Bina Kulkarni, Harminder Dua
Evaluation of the preclinical hospital visit programme with students' feedback at the University of Nottingham, UK
The National medical journal of India
one five americans develop skin cancer lifetime use sunscreen help prevent development cutaneous cancer regular use remains low nationwide assess better understand health care consumer preferences sun protection products perceived product accessibility availability based socioeconomic factors race ethnicity quantitative survey study conducted march june 2023 participants recruited two university family medicine clinical sites buffalo new york area one located low one located middletoupper socioeconomic neighborhood eligible participants 18 years older fluent english residents buffalo new york area surveys consent forms distributed scripted verbal invitation inviting clinic patients met eligibility criteria participate participants asked selfreport racialethnic group well demographic information including age gender identification household income household size information regarding sun exposure behaviors affordabilityaccess obtained using combination multiple choice yesno questions total 405 participants recruited excluding 235 incomplete responses 170 surveys available analysis none study aim expose health care consumer preferences well barriers access based socioeconomic factors race ethnicity using 25question anonymous survey 405 participants two university family medicine clinical sites representing low middletohighincome neighborhoods participated survey 170 participants completed survey questions included analysis 618 identified female 376 male 06 512 participants identified lower income 382 middleincome 106 upper income results survey revealed disparities sunscreen use affordability perceptions across demographic groups compared hispanics caucasians exhibited higher rates sunscreen use 85 caucasians 7 hispanics p 00073 prioritized spf 95 caucasians 10 hispanics p 00178 likely perceive sunscreen unaffordable 6 caucasians 4 hispanics p 00269 analysis fitzpatrick skin type demonstrated differences sunscreen utilization types iiii using compared types ivvi 70 types iiii 51 types ivvi p 00173 additionally type iiii individuals significantly likely cite cost barrier sunscreen purchase 40 type iiii 65 types ivvi p 00001 moreover lowerincome individuals significantly likely perceive sunscreen unaffordable 12 lowerincome 1 middle upper income p 00025 cited cost barrier purchase 46 lowerincome 59 middle upper income p 00146 compared middletoupper income counterparts though statistical significance established respondents middle upper income groups reported higher sunscreen usage rates compared lowerincome peers findings highlight importance socioeconomic factors ethnicity accessibility sunscreen impact disparities utilization among different ethnic socioeconomic groups