Nina Afshar|Dallas R. English|Roger L. Milne
Rural–urban residence and cancer survival in high?income countries: A systematic review
Cancer Council Victoria|University of Melbourne|Cancer Council Victoria|University of Melbourne|Cancer Council Victoria|University of Melbourne|Monash Health|Monash University
evidence place residence associated cancer survival findings inconsistent underlying mechanisms residential location might affect survival well understood conducted systematic review observational studies investigating association rural versus urban residence cancer survival highincome countries searched ovid medline embase cinahl cumulative index nursing allied health literature databases may 31 2016 fortyfive studies published 1984 2016 included extracted unadjusted adjusted relative risk estimates corresponding 95 confidence intervals studies reported worse survival cancer patients living rural areas urban regions consistent evidence observed across several studies colorectal lung prostate cancer included studies 18 account socioeconomic position lower survival disadvantaged patients well documented therefore could beneficial future research take socioeconomic factors consideration assessing ruralurban differences cancer survival studies cited differential stage diagnosis treatment modalities major contributing factors regional inequalities cancer survival research needed disentangle mediating effects factors may help establish effective interventions improve survival patients living outside major cities