Hiromi Nakamura-Thomas, Nobuyuki Sano, Donald Maciver
Factors influencing junior high school students' perceptions of attending school in Japan
Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health
purpose study examine change accelerometerderived daily physical activity pa activity recordderived daily activities 10year period urban elementary schoolchildren japan total 233 sixthgrade children 1112 years old elementary school kyoto participated study n 125 108 1999 2009 respectively participant rate 919 982 1999 2009 respectively size shape school district changed children instructed wear accelerometer 5 consecutive days weekday keep minutebyminute 24h activity records assistance parents schoolday scheduling similar 1999 2009 29 27 sessions 45min class per week respectively 1999 2009 step counts considerably decreased 20832 vs 12237 steps per day boys 16087 vs 10748 steps per day girls p 0001 concomitant significant decreases total energy expenditure p 0011 activity energy expenditure p 0001 physical activity level p 0001 time spent playing outdoors walking school also significantly less 2009 1999 p 0001 accelerometermeasured pa significantly associated amount time spent playing outdoors walking school results indicate elementary schoolchildren 2009 spend less time playing outdoors walking school perform less pa take fewer steps children decade ago