Siros Izadpanah
Evaluating the impact of smart technology on academic eagerness, academic seriousness, and academic performance in elementary english language learners as a foreign language
PloS one
paper presents modelbased diagnostic method designed context process supervision inspired artificial intelligence control theory ai contributes tools qualitative modeling including causal modeling whose aim split complex process elementary submodels control theory within framework fault detection isolation fdi provides numerical models generating testing residuals taking account inaccuracies model unknown disturbances noise consistencybased reasoning provides logical foundation diagnostic reasoning clarifies fundamental assumptions single fault exoneration diagnostic method presented paper benefits advantages approaches causal modeling enables method focus sufficient relations fault isolation avoids combinatorial explosion moreover allows model modified easily without changing aspect diagnostic algorithm numerical submodels used detect inconsistency benefit precise quantitative analysis fdi approach fdi models studied order link method dx componentoriented reasoning recursive online use algorithm explained concept local exoneration introduced