Weijun Wang, Zhenhuan Liu
Using Artificial Intelligence-Based Collaborative Teaching in Media Learning
Frontiers in psychology
previous observational studies revealed potential correlation psychiatric disorders pds nontumor gastrointestinal diseases ntgds however causation remains unclear explored causal relationship pds ntgds bidirectional twosample mendelian randomization mr study largescale genomewide association study gwas summary statistics bidirectional twosample mr study used assess causality pds ntgds multiple sensitivity analyses used identify robustness results found major depression causally associated increased risk gastric ulcer 1812 95 ci 13202487 p 0001 irritable bowel syndrome 1645 95 ci 12912097 p 0001 meanwhile genetically predicted gastroesophageal reflux disease contributed increased risk anxiety disorders 1425 95 ci 12951568 p 0001 ulcerative colitis related increased risk attention deficithyperactivity disorder 1042 95 ci 10081078 p 00157 study provided mr evidence support close causality identify specific direction eight pds eight common ntgds experimental studies examine causality underlying mechanism therapeutic potential pds ntgds required