Jinbao Zhang, Julia Shu-Huah Wang, Wing Kit Chan
Utilizing Consumer-Directed Care Among Older Adults: Identifying Barriers From Behavioral Economics Perspectives
Research on aging
contact plays critical role infectious disease transmission characterizing heterogeneity contact patterns across individuals time space necessary inform accurate estimates transmission risk particularly explain superspreading predict age differences vulnerability inform social distancing policies current respiratory disease models often rely data 2008 polymod study conducted europe outdated potentially unrepresentative behavior us seek understand variation contact patterns across spatial scales demographic social classifications whether seasonality contact patterns social behavior looks like baseline absence ongoing pandemic analyze spatiotemporal nonhousehold contact patterns across 11 million survey responses june 2020 april 2021 poststratified age gender correct sample representation characterize spatiotemporal heterogeneity respiratory contact patterns countyweek scale use generalized additive models absence prepandemic data contact us also use regression approach produce baseline contact estimates fill gap although contact patterns varied time pandemic contact relatively stable controlling disease find mean number nonhousehold contacts spatially heterogeneous regardless disease additional heterogeneity across age gender raceethnicity contact setting mean contact decreasing age lower women contacts white individuals contacts work social events change increased national incidence develop first countylevel estimates nonpandemic contact rates us fill critical gaps parameterizing disease models results identify spatiotemporal demographic social heterogeneity contact patterns highly structured informing risk landscape respiratory disease transmission us