Shuming Shao, Yimin Zhang, Jie Liu, Zheng Liu, Xiaorui Zhang
The long-term developmental outcomes of children born to mothers with systemic lupus erythematosus at different parities
Early human development
little known peers mere presence may affect academic learning achievement present study addresses issue exploring whether presence familiar peer affects performance task assessing basic numeracy literacy skills numerosity phonological comparisons tested 99 fourthgraders either alone classmate ninetyseven collegeaged young adults also tested task either alone familiar peer peer presence yielded reaction time rt speedup children social facilitation least important seen adults rt distribution analyses indicated presence familiar peer promotes emergence adultlike features children included shorter less variable reaction times confirmed exgaussian analysis increased use optimal response strategy based ratcliffs diffusion model speeded nondecision memory andor motor processes peer presence thus allowed children least narrow demanding phonological comparisons best virtually fill unchallenging numerosity comparisons developmental gap separating adult levels performance findings confirm influence peer presence skills relevant education lay groundwork exploring brain mechanisms mediating fundamental social influence evolve development