Aurore Curie, Laurence Lion-François, Vassili Valayannopoulos, Nathalie Perreton, Marie Gavanon, Nathalie Touil, Amandine Brun-Laurisse, Fahra Gheurbi, Marion Buchy, Hulya Halep, David Cheillan, Catherine Mercier, Anaïs Brassier, Béatrice Desnous, Behrouz Kassai, Pascale De Lonlay, Vincent Des Portes
Clinical Characteristics, Developmental Trajectory, and Caregiver Burden of Patients With Creatine Transporter Deficiency (SLC6A8)
Neurology
literature linking childhood factors cognitive health outcomes focused educational attainmentdefined years education attained however less studied aspects education early learning problems stressful family environments study examined whether early learning problems childhood stressors associated mid later life cognitive impairment among us adults associations varied race conducted crosssectional analysis using health retirement study hrs along respondents early educational experiences 2015 2017 life history mail survey n 9703 early learning problems defined following scholastic problems reading writing mathematics speakinglanguage issues sensorimotor issues hearing vision speech motorcoordination cognitive status classified three levels normal cognitively impaired demented cind demented using hrs langaweir algorithm multinomial logistic regression models using generalized logits estimated relative risk ratios rrrs 95 confidence intervals ci adjustment sociodemographic factors least one early learning problem associated increased risk later life cognitive impairment rrr 175 95 ci 134229 dementia rrr 142 95 ci 120167 cind parental death age 16 associated 17 higher risk cind later life rrr 117 95 ci 101134 however learning problemrelated differences risk cognitive impairment dependent race learning problems race p 00001 demented group blacks 27 times likely demented rrr 266 95 ci 169417 amongst older adults experienced childhood learning problems early life exposures predicted risk cognitive impairment policies interventions enhance diagnosis early learning problems improve childhood social contexts needed promote healthy cognitive aging amongst americans regardless race