Diane F. Halpern
A Cognitive-Process Taxonomy for Sex Differences in Cognitive Abilities
Claremont McKenna College
females males show different average patterns academic achievement scores cognitive ability tests females obtain higher grades school score much higher tests writing contentarea tests questions similar material learned school attain majority college degrees closing gap many careers traditionally male contrast males score higher standardized tests mathematics science directly tied school curriculum show large advantage visuospatial tests especially involve judgments velocity navigation threedimensional space much knowledgeable geography politics cognitiveprocess taxonomy shed light differences