Linda Visser, Janosch Linkersdörfer, Josefine Rothe, Ruth Görgen, Marcus Hasselhorn, Gerd Gerd Schulte-Körne
The role of ADHD symptoms in the relationship between academic achievement and psychopathological symptoms
Research in developmental disabilities
concept phenotyping emerged reflecting specific clinical pulmonary extrapulmonary features particular chronic obstructive pulmonary disease copd case aim analyze prognostic utility czech copd phenotypes frequent combinations spanish phenotypes global initiative chronic obstructive lung disease gold stages groups relation longterm mortality risk data extracted czech multicenter research database cmrd copd kaplanmeier km estimates 60 months inclusion used mortality assessment survival rates calculated six elementary czech phenotypes frequent relevant combinations spanish phenotypes gold grades groups statistically significant differences tested log rank test analysis factors underlying mortality risk role confounders assessed use classification regression tree cart analysis basic factors showing significant differences deceased living patients entered cart model showed six different risk groups differences risk tested log rank test cohort n720 731 men mean age 666 years mean fev1 444 pred km estimates showed bronchiectasescopd overlap hr 1425 p0045 frequent exacerbator hr 158 p0001 cachexia hr 2262 p0001 emphysematous hr 1786 p0015 phenotypes associated higher mortality risk copresence multiple phenotypes single patient additive effect risk combination emphysema cachexia frequent exacerbations translated poorest prognosis hr 3075 p0001 spanish phenotypes ae cb ae noncb associated greater risk mortality hr 1787 2001 p0001 fev1 pred cachexia chronic heart failure patient history major underlying factors determining mortality risk cohort certain phenotypes czech spanish copd associated higher risk death copresence multiple phenotypes emphysematous plus cachectic plus frequent exacerbator single individual associated amplified risk mortality