Hanne I Oberman, Gerko Vink
Toward a standardized evaluation of imputation methodology
Biometrical journal. Biometrische Zeitschrift
given relatively high prevalence vision impairment heterogeneity visual changes among elderly population aimed identify visual trajectories examine predictors consequences associated trajectory class analysed data 2235 participants involved 5th 6th 7th 8th waves chinese longitudinal healthy longevity survey clhls vision impairment evaluated using adapted landoltc chart wave employed growth mixture model gmm identify distinct visual trajectories logistic regression analysis examine predictors associated trajectory class furthermore investigated effect visual trajectories distal consequences including cognitive function activities daily living adl instrumental activities daily living iadl depression anxiety fall risk within clhls study cognitive function assessed using chinese version minimental state examination cmmse adl via katz index iadl modified version lawtons scale lastly depression assessed using 10item version centre epidemiologic studies cesd10 anxiety measured using generalized anxiety disorder scale gad7 fall risk determined asking question experienced falls within past year identified two distinct visual trajectories analysis older adults n 1830 819 initially good vision level diminished highbaseline decline group conversely remaining participants n 405 181 initially lower vision level improved time lowbaseline improvement group highbaseline decline group likely include older adults relatively higher body mass index bmi odds ratio 1086 95 confidence interval ci 1046 1127 individuals higher formal educational qualifications 1411 95 ci 1068 1864 current engaging exercise 1376 95 ci 1046 1811 individuals reporting frequent consumption fruit 1357 95 ci 1053 1749 conversely lowbaseline improvement group higher likelihood including older individuals 0947 95 ci 0934 0961 residents nursing homes 0340 95 ci 0116 0993 selfreporting cataracts 0268 95 ci 0183 0391 glaucoma 0157 95 ci 0079 0315 furthermore highbaseline decline group showed positive impact distal consequences adjusting sex birthplace residence main occupation education economic status marital status impact included cognitive function correlation coefficient 2092 95 ci 1272 2912 adl 0362 95 ci 0615 0108 iadl 1712 95 ci 2304 1121 reported lower levels depression 0649 95 ci 0013 1285 observed significant influence fall risk anxiety within identified visual trajectories adjusted model vision older adults ocular disease could potentially improved formal education maintaining appropriate bmi engaging exercise consuming fruit frequently appear beneficial visual health elderly considering negative impact visual impairment experience distal cognition selfcare ability depression symptoms stakeholder prioritise longterm monitoring management vision impairment among older adults