Virpi Saar, Sari Levänen, Erkki Komulainen
Cognitive Profiles of Finnish Preschool Children With Expressive and Receptive Language Impairment
Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR
introduction golden ratio beauty two inseparable sides coin studied centuries greeks divine ratio defined invincible parameter aesthetic dentistry measure looks symmetry balance beautiful handsome also boosts confidence todays children therefore top priority young growing kids however study done define facial measurements based golden ratio preschool schoolgoing children succor aesthetics formative years purpose research evaluate facial proportions vertical dimension quantify reference golden ratio analyze association gender among preschool schoolgoing children santhal tribe bankura district materials methods total 399 subjects 198 children 35 years primary teeth 201 children 612 years mixed dentition selected schools villages bankura district west bengal india subjects made relax sitting position digital vernier caliper used record following vertical facial parameters total facial height tfh trichiongnathion distance trgn subnasalegnathion distance sngn total facial height correlated sexual dimorphism dentition ratio trsnsngn calculated compared golden ratio ratio classified normal 16 1699 ie normal golden ratio value long 1699 ie golden ratio value short 16 ie less golden ratio value facial analysis based golden ratio correlated sexual dimorphism dentition data recorded compared gender statistically analyzed using unpaired ttest chisquare test results total facial height larger males females primary mixed dentition however value highly significant primary dentition trsnsngn ratios lower long facial category males females preschool schoolgoing children values statistically significant ratios dentitions conclusion majority children santhal tribe bankura west bengal conform golden ratio showed long faces significant association facial features sexual dimorphism clinical significance early prediction facial features children confirmation established golden ratio considered imperative parameter comprehend facial aesthetics symmetry