Mesfin Dessale, Getachew Mengistu, Hylemariam Mihiretie Mengist
Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance pattern, and associated factors of Salmonella and Shigella among under five diarrheic children attending public health facilities in Debre Markos town, Northwest Ethiopia
Frontiers in public health
early initiation breastfeeding eibf within first hour birth crucial promoting exclusive breastfeeding establishing optimal nursing practices however global eibf rates remain low even lower rates observed africa despite existing research gaps study aims determine prevalence eibf identify maternal childrelated factors associated practice west africa study utilized west african demographic health survey dhs data 13 countries including 146964 childrens records assess model fit likelihood test deviance used similarly intraclass correlation coefficient median odds ratio proportional change variance employed random effect multilevel logistic regression model used identify individual communitylevel factors influencing eibf due hierarchical nature data variables pvalues 02 binary model 005 final analysis considered significantly associated eibf pooled prevalence eibf west african nations 5060 95 ci 50345085 highest prevalence rate observed serra leone 7533 lowest prevalence found senegal 3394 multilevel multiple logistic regression model maternal education aor 110 95 ci 103116 marital status aor 107 95 ci 101113 birth weight aor 091 ci 086096 birth orders aor 109 ci 103116 aor 111 ci 103119 place residence aor 114 ci 107121 mode delivery type aor 026 ci 024029 significantly correlated eibf west africa incidence eibf west africa found low study emphasizes need targeted behavioral change communication programs address timely breastfeeding initiation specifically targeting mothers child characteristics factors education delivery mode marital status birth weight birth order place residence significantly associated eibf special attention given improving eibf rates among women undergoing caesarean sections infants low birth weight primiparous mothers along structural improvements healthcare sector west africa