Kelly Cho|Jan C. Frijters|Heping Zhang|Laura L. Miller|Jeffrey R. Gruen
Prenatal Exposure to Nicotine and Impaired Reading Performance
Brigham and Women's Hospital|Harvard University|Yale University|VA Boston Healthcare System|Brock University|Yale University|University of Bristol|Yale University
investigate whether prenatal exposure nicotine impact several reading skill outcomes school age childrenusing longitudinal sample 5119 school age children avon longitudinal study parents children study investigated specific reading skill outcomes area speed fluency accuracy spelling comprehension relation prenatal nicotine exposure adjusting potential mediators confounders prenatal nicotine exposure divided 3 categories high 17 mg per day low 17 mg per day exposurewe found prenatal nicotine exposure associated increased risk underperformance specific reading skill outcomes adjusting potential mediators confounders p 006 effect poor performance decoding single words pronounced among children prenatal exposure high levels nicotine conjunction phonological deficit overall results showed maternal smoking moderate large associations delayed decreased reading skills children longitudinal study parents childrenhigh prenatal nicotine exposure negative association reading performance school age children addition modeling showed environmental factors significantly moderated interaction prenatal nicotine exposure reading skill outcomes