Michael J Reiss
Science Education in the Light of COVID-19: The Contribution of History, Philosophy and Sociology of Science
Science & education
study employs fragility index fi fragility quotient fq assess level robustness cervical disc arthroplasty cda literature hypothesize dichotomous outcomes involving cda would exhibit statistical vulnerability pubmed search conducted evaluate dichotomous data randomized controlled trials rcts cda literature 2000 2023 fi outcome calculated reversal single outcome event significance reversed fq calculated dividing fragility index study sample size interquartile range iqr also calculated fi fq 1561 articles screened 111 met search criteria 35 rcts evaluating cda included analysis six hundred ninetythree outcome events 130 significant p 005 outcomes 563 nonsignificant p 005 outcomes identified overall fi fq 693 outcomes 5 iqr 37 0019 iqr 00110043 fragility analysis statistically significant outcomes nonsignificant outcomes revealed fi 5 studies reported loss followup ltf data 657 23 report reported ltf greater equal 5 literature regarding cda rcts lacks statistical robustness may misrepresent conclusions sole use p value implementing fi fq along p value believe interpretation contextualization clinical data surrounding cda better understood