Haijun Ma, Estelle Russek-Cohen, Rima Izem, Olga V Marchenko, Qi Jiang
Sources of Safety Data and Statistical Strategies for Design and Analysis: Transforming Data Into Evidence
Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science
spirituality spiritual needs cancer patients frequently mentioned nursing literature significant defining characteristics spiritual distress context clinical reasoning nursing diagnosis rarely explored understanding important effective spiritual intervention aim study identify prevalence defining characteristics nursing diagnosis spiritual distress classified according nanda international among women breast cancer quantitative crosssectional study comprising third phase larger study investigating clinical validation spiritual distress cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy fehrings clinical diagnostic validation model used identify prevalence major defining characteristics diagnosis convenience sample used data collected structured interview total 70 women participated married 629 mean age 54 years 557 reported least 1 person depending average length time since cancer diagnosis 309 months twentyseven participants experiencing spiritual distress 386 eleven defining characteristics classified major prevalence spiritual distress major defining characteristics give clinical evidence nurses role providing spiritual care results useful improved use nanda international diagnoses within domain findings highlight importance assessing defining characteristics diagnosis objective strategy improve clinical reasoning related spirituality facilitate effective interventions