Shahzaib Rehan, Roger McPherson
Evaluating referrals of flashing lights and floaters coming into secondary care from primary care
Clinical & experimental optometry
nature exposure associated many wellbeing benefits however influence green space physical activity social behaviors children completely understood purpose study complete stepwise impact evaluation largescale playground greening project title 1 elementary school los angeles california physical activity social interaction data collected direct observation accelerometers pre immediately post 4 months postgreening control students enrolled393 experimental students enrolled538 locations 2016 2017 effects relevant variables recess behavior analyzed linear mixed models 2018 zone popularity recess behaviors change control students study p005 areas replaced green space became popular experimental students transitioned traditional playground gamessports tagchasing gymnastics climbingjumping creative play percentage students observed sedentary decreased 100 95 ci49 150 4 months p0003 vigorous activity participation increased pre post individual 485 95 ci291 679 p0001 population level 412 95 ci273 551 p0003 remained higher pregreening 4 months p005 girls experimental group moderate vigorous physical activity differential green space hardscape greater fifth graders grades p0002 student physical verbal conflict rates decreased pregreening rates 4 months experimental group p0001 results suggest adding green space asphaltcovered schoolyards helps expose children nature increases daily activity levels promotes social wellbeing sex agedependent ways