Barry Bogin|Maria Inês Varela?Silva|Luis Ríos
Life history trade?offs in human growth: Adaptation or pathology?
Loughborough University|Loughborough University|Autonomous University of Madrid
abstract human beings growingup adverse biocultural environments including undernutrition exposure infection economic oppressionpoverty heavy workloads high altitude war racism religiousethnic oppression may stunted asymmetric body proportions wasted overweight greater risk disease one group researchers explains consequence developmental programming dp another group uses phrase predictive adaptive response par dp group tends view alterations permanent maladaptive effects place people risk disease par group considers alterations two levels adaptation 1 shortterm adaptive responses immediate survival 2 predictive responses required ensure postnatal survival reproductive age differences dp par hypotheses evaluated article life history theory analysis rephrases dp versus par debate disease adaptation concept tradeoffs even good conditions stages human life history replete tradeoffs survival productivity reproduction adverse conditions tradeoffs result reduced survival poor growth constraints physical activity poor reproductive outcomes models human development may need refined accommodate greater range biological cultural sources adversity well independent interactive influences j hum biol 2007 2007 wileyliss inc