Yongjun Zhang, Huijun Wang
Effect of English Learning Motivation on Academic Performance Among English Majors in China: The Moderating Role of Certain Personality Traits
Psychology research and behavior management
objectives although considerable evidence already collected effects early initiation drugalcohol consumption addictive behaviors adolescents little known impact early exposure online games preschool ages risk internet gaming disorder igd evaluated effects exposure online games entering elementary school igd occurrence secondary school years using communitybased longitudinal study methods data 1760 adolescents seventh grade recruited icure study followed 2 years analyzed high risk igd hrigd assessed internet game use elicited symptom screen selfreported questionnaire based fifth version dsm5 igd criteria early exposure online gaming defined adolescents played online games preschool years multivariate generalizedestimatingequation model applied examine independent risk factor occurrence hrigd 2year followup period results compared laterexposure group early exposure online games showed 17fold greater incidence hrigd 2year followups adjusting potential confounders including baseline igd scores adjusted relative risk169 95confidence interval108266 prespecified sensitivity analyses showed results robust conclusion exposure online gaming preschool years increases likelihood occurrence hrigd adolescence restricting exposure online games preschool years examined way reduce risk igd adolescents clinical trial registration wwwclinicaltrialsgov identifier nct02415322