Peter Glick|Susan T. Fiske|Antonio Mladinic|José L. Sáiz|Dominic Abrams|Barbara Masser|Bolanle E. Adetoun|Johnstone E. Osagie|Adebowale Akande|A. A. Alao|Barbara Annetje|T.M. Willemsen|Kettie Chipeta|Benoît Dardenne|Ap Dijksterhuis|Daniël Wigboldus|Thomas Eckes|Iris Six-Materna|Francisca Expósito|Manuel Moya|Margaret Foddy|Hyun?Jeong Kim|María Lameiras|María José Sotelo|Angelica Mucchi?Faina|Myrna Romani|Nuray Sakall?-U?urlu|Bola Udegbe|Masaaki Yamamoto|Miyoko Ui|Maria Cristina Ferreira|Wilson López López
Beyond prejudice as simple antipathy: Hostile and benevolent sexism across cultures.
authors argue complementary hostile benevolent components sexism exist across culturesmale dominance creates hostile sexism hs mens dependence women fosters benevolent sexism bssubjectively positive attitudes put women pedestal reinforce subordinationresearch 15000 men women 19 nations showed hs bs coherent constructs correlate positively across nations b hs predicts ascription negative bs ascription positive traits women c relative men women likely reject hs bs especially overall levels sexism culture high national averages bs hs predict gender inequality across nationsthese results challenge prevailing notions prejudice antipathy bs affectionate patronizing ideology reflects inequality crossculturally pervasive complement hsthe idea prejudice antipathy allport 1954 p 9 bedrock virtually prejudice theories builtthis assumption blinded social psychologists true nature sexism perhaps prejudices well see fiske xu cuddy glick 1999 glick fiske pressjackman 1994 encompasses hostile sexism hs also benevolent sexism bs subjectively positive orientation protection idealization affection directed toward women like hs serves justify womens subordinate status men glick fiske 1996whereas hs likely elicit womens outrage bs may often obtain acquiescence works effectively invisibly promote gender inequalitywe present evidence hs bs pervasive across cultures supporting contention originate social biological factors common among human groups b hs bs complementary ideologies nations hs strongly endorsed bs strongly endorsed c hs bs predict opposing valences attitudes toward women