Erika Olsson, Helle Wallach-Kildemoes, Ban Ahmed, Pontus Ingman, Susanne Kaae, Sofia Kälvemark Sporrong
The influence of generic substitution on the content of patient-pharmacist communication in Swedish community pharmacies
The International journal of pharmacy practice
examined trajectories academic social functioning children attentiondeficithyperactivity disorder adhd identify might risk especially severe levels academic social impairment time estimated series growth mixture models using data two subsamples children participating nimh collaborative multisite multimodal treatment study children adhd mta including least baseline 96month data reading mathematics achievement n 392 773 male age 77 sd 08 social skills ratings teachers n 259 749 male age 76 sd 08 compared latent trajectories children adhd mean observed trajectories obtained local normative ie nonadhd comparison group n 289 806 male age 99 sd 11 results indicated six latent trajectory classes reading mathematics four classes teacher social skills ratings relationship trajectories inattention symptoms academic impairment also similarly strong association trajectory classes hyperactiveimpulsive symptoms achievement trajectory class membership correlated sociodemographic diagnostic characteristics inattention hyperactiveimpulsive symptom trajectories externalizing behavior school treatment receipt dosage although children adhd display substantial heterogeneity reading math social skills growth trajectories behavioral sociodemographic disadvantages especially likely display severe levels academic social impairment time evidencebased early screening intervention directly address academic social impairments elementary schoolaged children adhd warranted clinicaltrialsgov identifier nct00000388