Nitin Agarwal, Andrew K Chan, Erica F Bisson, Steven D Glassman, Kevin T Foley, Christopher I Shaffrey, Oren N Gottfried, Luis M Tumialán, Eric A Potts, Mark E Shaffrey, Domagoj Coric, John J Knightly, Sufyan Ibrahim, Rida Mitha, Giorgos Michalopoulos, Paul Park, Michael Y Wang, Kai-Ming Fu, Jonathan R Slotkin, Anthony L Asher, Michael S Virk, Jian Guan, Regis W Haid, Dean Chou, Mohamad Bydon, Praveen V Mummaneni
Impact of educational background on preoperative disease severity and postoperative outcomes among patients with lumbar spondylolisthesis: a Quality Outcomes Database study
Journal of neurosurgery. Spine
step count intuitive measure physical activity frequently quantified healthrelated studies however accurate step counting difficult freeliving environment error routinely 20 wristworn devices cameraannotated ground truth study aims describe development validation step count derived wristworn accelerometer assess association cardiovascular allcause mortality large prospective cohort developed externally validated selfsupervised machine learning step detection model trained opensource stepannotated freeliving dataset 39 individuals freeliving groundtruth annotated step counts used model development opensource dataset 30 individuals used external validation epidemiological analysis performed using 75263 uk biobank participants without prevalent cardiovascular disease cvd cancer cox regression used test association daily step count fatal cvd allcause mortality adjustment potential confounders algorithm substantially outperformed reference models freeliving mean absolute percent error 125 versus 65231 data indicate inverse doseresponse association taking 64308277 daily steps associated 37 2548 28 2035 lower risk fatal cvd allcause mortality seven years later compared taking fewer steps day developed open transparent method markedly improves measurement steps largescale wristworn accelerometer datasets application method demonstrated expected associations cvd allcause mortality indicating excellent face validity reinforces public health messaging increasing physical activity help lay groundwork inclusion target step counts future public health guidelines