Yuko Inoue, Yusuke Matsuyama, Aya Isumi, Satomi Doi, Manami Ochi, Takeo Fujiwara
[Factors related to the passive attitude of caregivers on dental care visit when elementary and junior high school children are diagnosed with dental caries]
[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health
punishment promotes contributions public goods recent evidence suggests effectiveness varies across societies prior theorizing suggests crosssocietal differences trust play key role determining effectiveness punishment form social norm enforcement promote cooperation one line reasoning punishment promotes cooperation lowtrust societies primarily people societies expect fellow members contribute strong incentives yet another line reasoning high trust makes punishment work presumably hightrust societies people may count make contributions public goods also enforce norm violations punishing free riders poses puzzle punishment punishment effective promoting cooperation high lowtrust societies present article examine puzzle punishment quantitative review 83 studies involving 7361 participants across 18 societies examine impact punishment cooperation public goods dilemma findings provide clear answer punishment strongly promotes cooperation societies high trust rather low trust