Jizzo R. Bosdriesz|M. Witvliet|Tommy L. S. Visscher|Anton E. Kunst
The influence of the macro-environment on physical activity: a multilevel analysis of 38 countries worldwide
University of Amsterdam|University of Amsterdam|University of Amsterdam
indicated angelo framework similar models various environmental factors influence population levels physical activity pa date attention focused microlevel environment evidence macrolevel environment remains scarce mostly limited highincome countries study aims investigate whether environmental factors macrolevel associated pa among broader range countriesdata world health survey whs used analyze 177035 adults 38 mostly low middle income countries international physical activity questionnaireshort form ipaqs used measure pa respondents classified active inactive vigorous pa moderate pa walking multilevel logistic regression performed assess associations macrolevel environmental factors prevalence pa control individuallevel socioeconomic factorsthe prevalence pa varied widely countries types pa 50938 negative association found gross domestic product pa odds ratios men 076 95 ci 065089 moderate pa 079 95 ci 063098 walking higher temperature associated less pa types higher urbanization associated less vigorous moderate pa gender equality also associated walking women governmental functioning literacy rate found associated type pathis exploratory study indicates factors climate economic development cultural factors determinants level overall pa national levels underlines suggestion macroenvironment regarded important influence pa