I Vozza, F Capasso, F Calcagnile, A Anelli, D Corridore, C Ferrara, L Ottolenghi
School-age dental screening: oral health and eating habits
La Clinica terapeutica
vascular biomarkers allow noninvasive assessment vascular structure function shown surrogates cardiovascular cv outcome adults reflect cumulative risk plethora single cv risk factors obesity hypertension arterial wall process atherosclerosis oftentimes origin childhood tracks adulthood obesityrelated cv risk childhood main determinant manifest cv disease adverse outcome adulthood date prevention strategies directed toward detection reduction cv disease adulthood review updates puts perspective potential use vascular biomarkers children reference concept early vascular aging adults elaborates role vascular biomarkers cv risk stratification children concept primordial vascular aging implies young children screened vascular health attempt timely detect subclinical atherosclerosis initiate treatment strategies reverse vascular damage period life high probability risk regression evidence validity macro microvascular candidate biomarkers screening tools cv risk children reviewed limitations well remaining research gaps highlighted furthermore overview effects exercise treatment vascular biomarkers given vascular biomarkers susceptible lifestyle drug treatment potential qualify monitoring tools guide clinicians review discusses evidence vascular biomarkers optimize screening childhood cv risk initial concepts potential future clinical implementation cardiovascular prevention