Tianyuan Xu, Huang Wang
High prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress among remote learning students during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from a meta-analysis
Frontiers in psychology
earlyonset scoliosis challenging problem defined curvature spine 10 degrees identified child less 10 years earlyonset idiopathic scoliosis eois cause substantial morbidity may require surgical intervention aim present study identify trends eois type surgeries length hospital stay inhospital complications total inpatient admission charges 15year study period united states 1997 2012 retrospective study used icd9cm international classification diseases ninth revision clinical modification codes healthcare cost utilization project hcup kids inpatients database kid 15year period 19972012 identified total 897 patients eois 15year study period present study determines current trends eois surgeries present study funding sources potential conflicts interest associated biases idiopathic scoliosis patients ages 0 10 years identified kids inpatient database icd9cm code 73730 posterior anterior combined spinal surgeries identified eois procedure codes patients gender discharge diagnosis comorbidities hospital length stay los mortality rates hospital charges inhospital complication rate data collected 1997 2012 primary grouping variable study type surgery posterior anterior combined trends variable female gender mortality rates inhospital complications rates discharge diagnosis los total hospital charges assessed surgical group separately cost inflation hospital charges adjusted year 2012 analysis variance test used analyze continuous variables chisquare test used categorical variables linear regression test used assess trend changes p05 considered statistically significant study identified 897 patients 546 61 requiring surgery spine deformity surgery rates significantly decreased patients eois time 75 1997 47 2012 p019 surgery cohort male female distribution 37 63 respectively overall mortality rate 01 average length hospital stay 8 days average number discharge diagnosis 53 aggregated complications seen 6 patients total mean hospital charge per 2012 us dollars 119613 increased significantly types surgeries 15year study period 62 n342 patients posterior surgeries 13 n71 patients anterior surgeries 24 n133 patients combined anterior posterior surgeries posterior surgeries increased significantly 33 1997 91 2012 p004 combined surgeries saw significant decline 50 43 00001 anterior surgeries also decreased 17 43 p126 reach statistical significance 1997 2012 15 years study period patients eois posteriorbased surgeries significantly increased overall surgery rate significantly decreased patients significant increase hospital charges noticed posterior anterior combined surgeries