Rafael Bretas, Emmanuel Freitas-Ferreira, Rafael Souto Maior, Carlos Tomaz, Maria Tereza Gonçalves-Mendes, Tales Alexandre Aversi-Ferreira
Comparative anatomy of the Sapajus sp. (bearded capuchin) hand with comments on tool use in a parallel evolution with the hominid pathway
Frontiers in physiology
neck shoulder pain relatively common among children teenagers negative impact physical psychological health study carried assess prevalence neck shoulder pain among elementary school students investigate relationship pain risk factors crosssectional study 693 elementary school students aged 7 12 years hamadan city located western iran selected multistage cluster random sampling method data collected interviews questionnaires social psychological variables parent version strengths difficulties questionnaire sdq used assessing students posture observational checklist rapid upper limbs assessment rula used data analyzed using unadjusted univariate adjusted multivariate logistic regression prevalence neck pain slightly higher shoulder pain prevalence reported month 358 309 neck shoulder pain respectively logistic regression analyses showed high desk height odds ratio 196 95 confidence interval ci 102374 backward seat pan inclination 210 95 ci 137324 forward seat pan inclination 312 95 ci146668 difficulty viewing board 254 95 ci 110584 much homework 259 95 ci 149451 rula score level iii 288 95 ci164505 rula score level iv 312 95 ci 172563 increased risk neck pain independently hand sitting desk seat 059 95 ci 039091 laying position homework 053 95 ci 034081 reduced related risk short desk height 241 95 ci 126461 much homework 194 95 ci 110342 increased risk shoulder pain elementary school students reported high prevalence shoulder neck pain study found improper sitting positions well physical factors school furniture much homework difficulty viewing classroom board associated pain proper interventions considering risk factors assessed study suggested