Yvonne M Terry-McElrath, Lindsey Turner, Anna Sandoval, Lloyd D Johnston, Frank J Chaloupka
Commercialism in US elementary and secondary school nutrition environments: trends from 2007 to 2012
JAMA pediatrics
children become unequal reading math skills research claims inequality grows mainly school begins research claims schools cause inequality grow researchincluding 2004 study schools great equalizerclaims inequality grows mainly summer vacations unfortunately test scores used great equalizer study suffered measurement artifact exaggerated estimates inequality growth addition great equalizer study dated participants longer schoolaged article replicate great equalizer study using better test scores original data newer cohort children use new test scores find variance substantial start kindergarten grow actually shrinks next two three years finding evident original great equalizer study implicates years kindergarten primary source inequality elementary reading math total score variance grows summers shrinks school years suggesting schools reduce inequality overall changes inequality small kindergarten replicate consistently across grades subjects cohorts said socioeconomic gaps tend shrink school year grow summer blackwhite gap tends follow opposite pattern