Jessica A Lentscher, Alison L Batig
Appraising Medical Literature: The Effect of a Structured Journal Club Curriculum Using The Lancet Handbook of Essential Concepts in Clinical Research on Resident Self-Assessment and Knowledge in Milestone-Based Competencies
Military medicine
recent empirical research found childrens noncognitive skills play critical role success young childrens behavioral psychological disorders severely harm future outcomes disruptive students harm behavior learning classmates yet relatively little known widescale interventions designed improve childrens behavior mental health first nationally representative study provision financing impact schoolsite mental health services young children elementary school counselors school employees provide mental health services types students typically meeting students oneonone small groups given counselors nonrandom assignment schools particularly challenging estimate impact counselors student outcomes first crossstate differences policies provide descriptive evidence students states aggressive elementary counseling policies make greater test score gains less likely report internalizing externalizing problem behaviors compared students similar observed characteristics similar schools states next differenceindifferences estimates exploiting timing targeted grade levels states counseling policy changes provide evidence elementary counselors substantially influence teachers perceptions school climate adoption statefunded counselor subsidies minimum counselorstudent ratios reduces fraction teachers reporting instruction suffers due student misbehavior reduces fractions reporting problems students physically fighting cutting class stealing using drugs findings imply may substantial public private benefits derived providing additional elementary school counselors