Soyoung Choi
Comparison of Self-Tracking Health Practices, eHealth Literacy, and Subjective Well-Being Between College Students With and Without Disabilities: Cross-Sectional Survey
JMIR formative research
chronic noncancer pain childhood widespread affecting 20 35 children young people worldwide sizeable number children chronic noncancer pain considerable negative impacts lives quality life leads increased use healthcare services medication many countries services managing childrens chronic noncancer pain many services inadequate fourteen cochrane reviews assessing effects pharmacological psychological psychosocial dietary physical activity interventions managing childrens chronic noncancer pain identified lack highquality evidence inform pain management design deliver services interventions meet needs patients families need understand children chronic noncancer pain families experience pain views services treatments chronic pain outcomes important 1 synthesise qualitative studies examine experiences perceptions children chronic noncancer pain families regarding chronic noncancer pain treatments services inform design delivery health social care services interventions future research 2 explore whether review findings help explain results cochrane reviews intervention effects treatments childrens chronic noncancer pain 3 determine programme theories outcomes interventions match children families views desired treatments outcomes 4 use findings inform selection design patientreported outcome measures use chronic noncancer pain studies interventions care provision children families review questions 1 children chronic noncancer pain families conceptualise chronic pain 2 children chronic noncancer pain families live chronic pain 3 children chronic noncancer pain families think health social care services respond manage childs chronic pain 4 children chronic noncancer pain families conceptualise good chronic pain management want achieve chronic pain management interventions services review strategy comprehensively searched 12 bibliographic databases including medline cinahl psycinfo grey literature sources conducted supplementary searches 2020 updated database searches september 2022 identify published unpublished qualitative research children aged 3 months 18 years chronic noncancer pain families focusing perceptions experiences views chronic pain services treatments final inclusion criteria agreed patient public involvement group children young people chronic noncancer pain families conducted qualitative evidence synthesis using metaethnography sevenphase systematic interpretive inductive methodology takes account contexts meanings original studies assessed richness eligible studies purposively sampled rich studies ensuring addressed review questions cochrane qualitative methods implementation group guidance guided sampling assessed methodological limitations studies using critical appraisal skills programme tool extracted data study aims focus characteristics conceptual findings study reports using nvivo software compared study data determine studies related one another grouped studies pain conditions synthesis used metaethnography synthesise group studies separately synthesising together analysis interpretation studies involved children chronic noncancer pain families resulted theory inform service design delivery sampling organising studies synthesis analysis interpretation involved patient public involvement group contributed throughout conduct review used gradecerqual confidence evidence reviews qualitative research approach assess confidence review finding used matrix approach integrate findings existing cochrane reviews treatment effectiveness childrens chronic noncancer pain synthesised 43 studies sampled 170 eligible studies reported 182 publications included studies involved 633 participants gradecerqual assessments findings mostly high n 21 58 moderate n 12 33 confidence three 8 low low confidence poorly managed moderate severe chronic noncancer pain profound adverse impacts family dynamics relationships family members emotions wellbeing autonomy sense selfidentity parenting strategies friendships socialising childrens education future employment prospects parental employment children parents understood chronic noncancer pain underlying biological cause wanted curative treatment however families difficulties seeking obtaining support health services manage childs pain impacts children parents felt healthcare professionals always listen experiences expertise believe childs pain families repeatedly visited health services seeking diagnosis cure time children families gave hope effective treatment outcomes measured within trials cochrane reviews intervention effects include outcomes importance children families including impacts pain whole family absence pain cochrane reviews mainly neglected holistic biopsychosocial approach specifies interrelatedness biological psychological social aspects illness selecting outcome measures considering chronic pain management interventions work high moderate confidence evidence contributing review findings research especially families experiences treatments services could strengthen evidence low low confidence findings future research also explore families experiences low middleincome contexts pain treatments including opioid use children remains controversial social care services need development testing familycentred interventions services acceptable families future trials childrens chronic noncancer pain interventions include familycentred outcomes