Lauren E Szkodny, Michelle G Newman
Delineating Characteristics of Maladaptive Repetitive Thought: Development and Preliminary Validation of the Perseverative Cognitions Questionnaire
Assessment
standing lying fundamental behaviours quadrupedal animals ratio durations significant indicator calf health study proposed computer vision method noninvasively monitoring calves behaviours cameras deployed four viewpoints monitor six calves six consecutive days yolov8n trained detect standing lying calves daily behavioural budget summarised analysed based automatic inference untrained data results show mean average precision 0995 average inference speed 333 frames per second maximum error estimated daily standing lying time total 8 calfdays less 14 min calves diarrhoea 2 h daily lying time p 0002 265 daily lying bouts p 0049 43 min less daily lying bout duration p 05 compared healthy calves proposed method help understanding calves health status based automatically measured standing lying time thereby improving welfare management farm