Clint Mizzi|Eleni Dalabira|Judit Kumuthini|Nduna Dzimiri|István Balogh|Nazl? Ba?ak|Ruwen Böhm|Joseph Borg|Paola Borgiani|Nada Božina|Henrike Bruckmueller|Beata Burzy?ska|Ángel Carracedo|Ingolf Cascorbi|Constantinos Deltas|Vita Dolžan|Anthony G. Fenech|Godfrey Grech|Vytautas Kasiulevi?ius|?udevít Kádaši|Vaidutis Ku?inskas|?. ?. ????????????|Yiannis L. Loukas|Milan Maçek|Halyna Makukh|Ron H.J. Mathijssen|Konstantinos Mitropoulos|Christina Mitropoulou|Giuseppe Novelli|Ioanna Papantoni|Sonja Pavlovi?|Giuseppe Saglio|Jadranka Setric|Maja Stojiljkovi?|Andrew Stubbs|Alessio Squassina|M. Torres|Marek Turnovec|Ron H. N. van Schaik|Konstantinos Voskarides|Salma M. Wakil|Anneke Nina Werk|Maria Del Zompo|Branka Zuki?|??????? ???????|Ming Ta Michael Lee|Alison Motsinger-Rief|Howard L. Mc Leod|Peter J. van der Spek|George P. Patrinos
A European Spectrum of Pharmacogenomic Biomarkers: Implications for Clinical Pharmacogenomics
University of Malta|Erasmus MC|University of Patras|African Organisation for Research and Training in Cancer|King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre|University of Debrecen|Bo?aziçi University|Kiel University|University of Malta|University of Rome Tor Vergata|University Hospital Centre Zagreb|Kiel University|Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences|Universidade de Santiago de Compostela|Kiel University|University of Cyprus|University of Ljubljana|University of Malta|University of Malta|Vilnius University|Comenius University Bratislava|Slovak Academy of Sciences|Vilnius University|Bashkir State University|Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of Ufa Scientific Centre|Russian Academy of Sciences|National and Kapodistrian University of Athens|Charles University|National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine|Erasmus MC|Golden Helix Foundation|Erasmus MC|University of Rome Tor Vergata|University of Patras|University of Belgrade|University of Turin|University Hospital Centre Zagreb|University of Zagreb|University of Belgrade|Erasmus MC|University of Cagliari|Universidade de Santiago de Compostela|Charles University|Erasmus MC|University of Cyprus|King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre|Kiel University|University of Cagliari|University of Belgrade|University of Patras|RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences|North Carolina State University|Moffitt Cancer Center|Erasmus MC|University of Patras|Erasmus MC
pharmacogenomics aims correlate interindividual differences drug efficacy andor toxicity underlying genetic composition particularly genes encoding protein factors enzymes involved drug metabolism transport several european populations particularly countries lower income information related prevalence pharmacogenomic biomarkers incomplete lacking implemented microattribution approach assess pharmacogenomic biomarkers allelic spectrum 18 european populations mostly developing european countries analyzing 1931 pharmacogenomics biomarkers 231 genes data show significant interpopulation pharmacogenomic biomarker allele frequency differences particularly 7 clinically actionable pharmacogenomic biomarkers 7 european populations affecting drug efficacy andor toxicity 51 medication treatment modalities data also reflect differences observed prevalence highrisk genotypes populations far common markers cyp2c9 cyp2c19 cyp3a5 vkorc1 slco1b1 tpmt pharmacogenes concerned also data demonstrate notable differences predicted genotypebased warfarin dosing among populations findings exploited develop guidelines medical prioritization importantly facilitate integration pharmacogenomics support preemptive pharmacogenomic testing may subsequently contribute towards significant costsavings overall healthcare expenditure participating countries pharmacogenomics implementation proves costeffective