Aysegül Ilgaz, Ayse Dagistan Akgöz, Sebahat Gözüm
Impaired perception of cardiovascular risk and health literacy in individuals with high cardiovascular diseases risk from different socioeconomic levels in Antalya, Turkey
Australian journal of primary health
clostridioides difficile infection cdi clinical laboratory diagnosis populations higher risk developing disease require high clinical index suspicion laboratory testing avoid incorrect assumptions colonization common risk factors include recent antibiotic use elderly 65 years old immunocompromised patients c difficile assays ordered algorithm approach diagnose infection rather colonization screening tests widely available hospital systems novel molecular testing may aid diagnosis patients inconclusive discordant antigen toxin test results methods data extracted pubmed scopus cumulative index nursing allied health literature cinahl databases based keywords clostridioides difficile toxin assay toxic megacolon data extracted based preferred reporting items systematic reviews metaanalyses prisma 2020 guidelines total 27 reports included systematic review testing patients significant gastrointestinal surgical history hypogammaglobulinemia inflammatory bowel disease intensive care unit immunocompromised patients cdi highly recommended diarrhea subsets patients requires correlation clinical context understanding assay results avoid undertreating cdi considered patients traditional risk factors heightened clinical suspicion cdi required patients hypogammaglobulinemia transplant recipients patients gastrointestinal surgical history inflammatory bowel disease testing limited patients clinical manifestations cdi ensure high pretest probability test interpretation healthcare workers adhere testing algorithms optimize yield appropriate clinical context diagnostic assays follow sequential stepwise approach categorize toxin expression status bacteria accurately