Tara Beattie|Parinita Bhattacharjee|Banadakoppa M Ramesh|Vandana Gurnani|John Anthony|Shajy Isac|H L Mohan|Aparajita Ramakrishnan|Tisha Wheeler|Janet Bradley|James Blanchard|Stephen Moses
Violence against female sex workers in Karnataka state, south India: impact on health, and reductions in violence following an intervention program
University of London|London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine|Karnataka Health Promotion Trust|Karnataka Health Promotion Trust|Karnataka Health Promotion Trust|India Health Action Trust|Karnataka Health Promotion Trust|Karnataka Health Promotion Trust|Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement|University of Manitoba|University of Manitoba
violence female sex workers fsws impede hiv prevention efforts contravenes human rights developed multilayered violence intervention targeting policy makers secondary stakeholders police lawyers media primary stakeholders fsws part wider hiv prevention programming involving 60000 fsws karnataka state study examined violence fsws associated reduced condom use increased stihiv risk addressing violence fsws within largescale hiv prevention program reduce levels violence themfsws randomly selected participate polling booth surveys pbs 20062008 short behavioural questionnaires administered anonymously integrated behaviouralbiological assessments ibbas 20052009 administered facetoface3852 fsws participated ibbas 7638 fsws participated pbs overall 110 fsws ibbas 264 fsws pbs reported beaten raped past year fsws reported violence past year significantly less likely report condom use clients zero unprotected sex acts previous month 554 vs 755 adjusted odds ratio aor 04 95 confidence interval ci 03 05 p 0001 accessed hiv intervention program ever contacted peer educator 849 vs 896 aor 07 95 ci 04 10 p 004 ever visited project sexual health clinic 590 vs 681 aor 07 95 ci 06 10 p 002 significantly likely infected gonorrhea 50 vs 26 aor 19 95 ci 11 33 p 002 followup surveys significant reductions seen proportions fsws reporting violence compared baseline ibba 130 vs 90 aor 07 95 ci 05 09 p 001 pbs 273 vs 189 crude 05 95 ci 04 05 p 0001this program demonstrates structural approach addressing violence effectively delivered scale addressing violence fsws important success hiv prevention programs protecting basic human rights