Maja Batez, Živan Milošević, Ivan Mikulić, Goran Sporiš, Draženka Mačak, Nebojša Trajković
Relationship between Motor Competence, Physical Fitness, and Academic Achievement in Young School-Aged Children
BioMed research international
evaluate association breastfeeding duration educational outcomes end secondary education among children millennium cohort study cohort study comparing school results age 16 according breastfeeding duration england children born 20002002 nationally representative sample selfreported breastfeeding duration categorised standardised school assessments taken end secondary education general certificate secondary education gcses marked 91 english mathematics categorised fail marks 4 low pass marks 46 high pass marks 7 equivalent aa additionally overall achievement measured using attainment 8 score adding marks eight gcses english mathematics double weighted 090 approximately 5000 children included longer breastfeeding associated better educational outcomes example full adjustment socioeconomic markers maternal cognitive ability comparison children never breastfed breastfed longer likely high pass english mathematics gcses less likely fail english gcse mathematics gcse additionally compared never breastfed breastfed least 4 months average 23 point higher attainment 8 score coefficients 210 95 ci 006 414 46 months 256 95 ci 065 447 612 months 309 95 ci 084 535 12 months longer breastfeeding duration associated modest improvements educational outcomes age 16 controlling important confounders