Hannah M Mason, Jemma C King, Amy E Peden, Anthony S Leicht, Richard C Franklin
The impact of extreme heat on mass-gathering sporting events: Implications for Australia and other countries
Journal of science and medicine in sport
hiv epidemic ghana characterized mix lowlevel generalized epidemic significant contributions transmission among female sex workers fsw clients study seeks identify describe key characteristics sexual behaviors fsw estimate prevalence hiv syphilis gonorrhea chlamydia hepatitis b virus hbv among fsw ghana total 7000 fsw recruited study using time location sampling tls approach 5990 856 participants completing biological behavioral aspects study structured questionnaire administered respondents assess several factors background characteristics sexual risk behaviors condom usage hivaids knowledge opinions attitudes trained staff conducted facetoface interviews using mobile data collection software redcap provision specimens hiv sti testing descriptive statistics medians ranges charts percentages performed presented also included bivariate analyses establish relationships fsw type relevant characteristics study among 7000 100 fsw sampled regions 6773 took part behavioral 6217 biological 783 112 respondents took part behavioral 227 32 biological young median age 26 years majority never married widoweddivorced quarter education primary education majority 748 fsw first sold sex age 25 years less median age 20 years 848 fsw indicated entered sex work money either self family average eleven 11 sexual partners per week half 552 fsw new entrants sex work less 5 years study consistent condom use paying clients generally unsatisfactory 71 however low 24 intimate partners boyfriends half 546 fsw exposed hiv prevention services last three months preceding survey varies across regions overall comprehensive knowledge hiv aids low 35 fsw comprehensive knowledge hiv prevalence 46 higher among seaters brothelbased older fsw sex work longer period hiv prevalence previous biobehavioral survey bbs 2015 2011 estimated 69 111 respectively compared results previous studies findings give indication ghana making significant progress reducing burden hiv among fsw country however risky behaviors low consistent condom use low coverage hiv services across regions low comprehensive knowledge could reverse gains made far immediate actions taken expand coverage hiv services locations efforts must made reach new entrants also addressing strongly held myths misconceptions hiv