Jabulani Mpofu, Maximus M Sefotho
Challenges of competency-based curriculum in teaching learners with learning disabilities
African journal of disability
mitochondrial heteroplasmy reflects genetic diversity within individuals due presence varying mitochondrial dna mtdna sequences possibly affecting mitochondrial function energy production cells rapid growth early childhood critical development longterm implications health wellbeing study investigated cord blood mtdna heteroplasmy associated rapid growth 6 12 months overweight childhood 46 years study included 200 motherchild pairs environage birth cohort whole mitochondrial genome sequencing performed determine mtdna heteroplasmy levels variant allele frequency vaf cord blood rapid growth defined child difference whosd scores predicted weight either 6 12 months birth weight logistic regression models used determine association mitochondrial heteroplasmy rapid growth childhood overweight determinants relevant cord blood mitochondrial heteroplasmies identified using multiple linear regression models one increase vaf cord blood mtdloop16362t c heteroplasmy associated rapid growth 6 months 103 95 ci 101105 p 0001 12 months 102 95 ci 100103 p 002 furthermore variant associated childhood overweight 46 years 101 95 ci 100102 p 005 additionally rapid growth 6 months 300 95 ci 149614 p 0002 12 months 405 95 ci 206849 p 0001 also associated childhood overweight 46 years furthermore identified maternal age prepregnancy bmi maternal education parity gestational age determinants cord blood mtdloop16362t c heteroplasmy findings based mitochondrial dna genotyping offer insights molecular machinery leading rapid growth early life potentially explaining working mechanism development toward childhood overweight