Gwyne W White, Cesalie T Stepney, Danielle Ryan Hatchimonji, Dominic C Moceri, Arielle V Linsky, Jazmin A Reyes-Portillo, Maurice J Elias
The increasing impact of socioeconomics and race on standardized academic test scores across elementary, middle, and high school
The American journal of orthopsychiatry
target public health obesity prevention need predict might become obese ie predictors increasing body mass index bmi obesity incidence predictors incidence may distinct wellstudied predictors prevalence therefore explored parent child sociodemographic predictors childadolescent bmi zscore obesity incidence 5 years malaysia south east asia community observatory segamat malaysia provided longitudinal data children parents n 1767 children aged 614 years baseline 201314 followed 5 years later linear multilevel models estimated associations child bmi zscore followup adjusting baseline bmi zscore potential confounders predictors included parent cardiometabolic health overweightobesity central obesity hypertension hyperglycaemia sociodemographics ethnicity employment education logistic multilevel models explored predictors obesity incidence higher baseline bmi zscore predicted higher followup bmi zscore childhood late adolescence 060 95 ci 055 065 early late adolescence 076 95 ci 070 082 inconsistent evidence association child bmi zscore followup parent cardiometabolic risk factors independent baseline child bmi zscore example maternal obesity overweight predicted higher bmi zscore childhood early adolescence overweight 016 95 ci 003 036 obesity 041 95 ci 020 061 paternal overweight obesity predicted higher bmi zscore early late adolescence overweight 022 95 ci 001 043 obesity 016 95 ci 010 041 parental obesity consistently predicted fiveyear obesity incidence early late adolescence childhood early adolescence adolescent without obesity baseline parents obesity 34 times greater odds developing obesity followup incidence 338 95 ci 114998 mother 437 95 ci 1341427 father respectively higher bmi zscore baseline stronger predictor higher bmi zscore followup parental sociodemographic factor targeting prevention efforts based parent sociodemographic factors unwarranted early childhood remains key period universal obesity prevention