Alexander C. Tsai|Bernard Kakuhikire|Rumbidzai Mushavi|Dagmar Vo?echovská|Jessica M. Perkins|Amy McDonough|David R. Bangsberg
Population-based study of intra-household gender differences in water insecurity: reliability and validity of a survey instrument for use in rural Uganda
Massachusetts General Hospital|Harvard University|Mbarara University of Science and Technology|Mbarara University of Science and Technology|Harvard University|Massachusetts General Hospital|Massachusetts General Hospital|Harvard University|Massachusetts General Hospital|Massachusetts General Hospital|Harvard University|Mbarara University of Science and Technology
hundreds millions people worldwide lack adequate access water water insecurity defined limited uncertain availability safe water ability acquire safe water socially acceptable ways typically overlooked development organizations focusing water availability address urgent need literature validated measures water insecurity conducted populationbased study rural uganda 327 reproductiveage women 204 linked men households used novel method photo identification could accurately elicit study participants primary household water sources thereby enabling us identify water sources objective water quality testing distanceelevation measurement psychometric analyses provided strong evidence internal structure reliability validity new eightitem household water insecurity access scale hwias important intrahousehold gender differences perceptions water insecurity observed men generally perceiving household water insecurity less severe compared women summary hwias represents reliable valid measure water insecurity particularly among women may useful informing evaluating interventions improve water access resourcelimited settings