Nancy Krieger|Pamela D. Waterman|Anna Kosheleva|Jarvis T. Chen|Dana R. Carney|Kevin Smith|Gary G. Bennett|David R. Williams|Elmer Freeman|Beverley Russell|Gisele Thornhill|Kristin Mikolowsky|Rachel Rifkin|Latrice Samuel
Exposing Racial Discrimination: Implicit &amp; Explicit Measures–The My Body, My Story Study of 1005 US-Born Black &amp; White Community Health Center Members
Harvard University|Harvard University|Harvard University|Harvard University|University of California, Berkeley|RTI International|Duke Institute for Health Innovation|Duke University|Harvard University Press|Harvard University|Center for Community Health Education Research and Service|Northeastern University|University of Massachusetts Boston|Abt Associates (United States)|Brigham and Women's Hospital
date research racial discrimination health typically employed explicit selfreport measures despite potentially affected people able willing say accordingly employed implicit association test iat racial discrimination first developed used two recent published studies measured associations explicit implicit discrimination measures socioeconomic psychosocial variables smokingamong 504 black 501 white usborn participants age 3564 randomly recruited 20082010 4 community health centers boston black participants 15 times likely p005 worse economically eg poverty low education higher social desirability scores 438 vs 282 explicit discrimination exposure also 25 37 times higher p005 depending measure used 60 reporting exposure 3 domains within last year higher iat scores target vs perpetrator discrimination occurred black versus white participants black person vs white person 026 vs 013 vs 024 vs 019 groups low nonsignificant correlations existed implicit explicit discrimination measures social desirability significantly associated explicit implicit measures although neither explicit implicit discrimination measures associated odds current smoker excess risk black participants controlling age gender rose models also controlled racial discrimination psychosocial variables additional control socioeconomic position sharply reduced rendered association nullimplicit explicit measures racial discrimination equivalent warrant use research racial discrimination health along data socioeconomic position social desirability