Xiao Zhou, Kazuhiro Imai, Xiao-Xuan Liu, Eiji Watanabe
Epidemiology and pain in elementary school-aged players: a survey of Japanese badminton players participating in the national tournament
Scientific reports
problems infant young child sleep represent serious challenge parental behavior mother father however research effect infant young child sleep parenting focused mothers therefore present study aimed explore perception consequences infant young child sleep problems parents participants recruited via random sampling eg kindergartens north rhine westphalia sample includes data heterosexual germanspeaking couples children without medical psychopathological problems study parents asked complete test battery regard youngest child sampling via kindergarten range child age 468 months survey assessed data parents n196 46 female test battery contained following questionnaires children sleep habits questionnaire cshq pittsburgh sleep quality index psqi selfreport measure assessment emotion regulation skills sek27 german version infant sleep vignettes interpretation scale isvis outcome variables parental sleep well parental emotional competence statistical tests anova used parental sleeprelated cognitions grouping variables infant young child sleep well parental gender manova used according analysis group differences age child also included additional grouping variable parental gender childrens sleep mothers fathers sample equally aware childrens sleep problems reported similar sleep quality emotion regulation p 005 mothers well fathers children sleep problems lower parental sleep quality f1 183 11001 p 0001 emotion regulation f1 184 14316 p 0001 compared parents children without sleep problems children 26 months age childs age seemed less negative impact fathers sleep quality f1 183 501 p 0001 emotion regulation f1 184 072 p 005 outcomes mother regard sleeprelated cognition statistically significant effects parental gender f2 185 4439 p 0001 interaction effects parental gender child sleep problems observed f2 185 3191 p 0001 conclusion survey refers role father according results association paternal emotional competence sleep quality well sleeprelated cognitions infants toddlers sleep behavior could assumed addition independent results mothers would highlight urgent need inclusion fathers infant developmental sleep research context sleep intervention parents provided ongoing support improve sleep quality competence emotion regulation