Mark Harrison|Dan Rigby|Caroline Vass|Terry N. Flynn|Jordan J. Louviere|Katherine Payne
Risk as an Attribute in Discrete Choice Experiments: A Systematic Review of the Literature
University of Manchester|University of Manchester|University of Manchester|University of South Australia|University of South Australia|University of Manchester
discrete choice experiments dces used elicit preferences current future patients healthcare professionals value different aspects healthcare risk integral part healthcare decisions despite use risk attributes dces consistently highlighted area research current methods incorporating risk attributes dces reviewed explicitly study aimed systematically identify published healthcare dces incorporated risk attribute summarise appraise methods used present analyse risk attributes recommend best practice regarding including analysing transparently reporting methodology supporting risk attributes future dces web science medline embase psycinfo econlit databases searched 18 april 2013 dces included risk attribute published since 1995 23 april 2013 identify studies assessing risk communication general nondce health literature healthcarerelated dces risk attribute mentioned suggested titleabstract obtained retained final review risk attribute meeting definition included extracted data tabulated critically appraised summarise quality reporting format presentation interpretation risk attribute summarised review identified 117 healthcare dces incorporated least one risk attribute whilst evidence good practice incorporated presentation risk attributes little evidence found developing methods recommendations disciplines effective methods validation risk communication systematically applied dces general reviewed dce studies thoroughly report methodology supporting explanation risk training materials impact framing risk exploring validity risk communication primary limitation review methods underlying presentation format analysis risk attributes could appraised extent reported improvements reporting transparency risk presentation conception analysis dces needed define best practice research needed test process communicating risk affects way people value risk attributes dces