A Klingenstein, C Samel, A Garip-Kübler, C Hintschich, U G Müller-Lisse
Cross-sectional computed tomography assessment of exophthalmos in comparison to clinical measurement via Hertel exophthalmometry
Scientific reports
outdoor free play important preschoolers physical activity health development certain temperamental characteristics associated obesity nutrition sedentary behaviors preschoolers relationship temperament outdoor play examined study examined whether association temperament outdoor play young children healthy children aged 1 5 years recruited applied research group kids target kids communitybased primary care research network july 2008 september 2013 included parentreported child temperament assessed using childhood behavior questionnaire outdoor free play potential confounding variables assessed validated questionnaires multivariable linear regression used determine association temperament outdoor play adjusted potential confounders 3393 children data outdoor play association negative affectivity outdoor play moderated sex boys every 1point increase negative affectivity score mean outdoor play decreased 47 minutes per day significant association girls surgency associated outdoor play every 1point increase surgencyextraversion outdoor play increased 46 minutes per day young childrens temperamental characteristics associated participation outdoor free play consideration temperament could enhance interventions strategies increase outdoor play young children longitudinal studies needed elucidate relationship childrens early temperament physical activity