Michelle K. McGuire|Courtney L. Meehan|Mark A. McGuire|Janet E. Williams|James E. Foster|Daniel Sellen|Elizabeth Kamau?Mbuthia|Egidioh W. Kamundia|Samwel Mbugua|Sophie E. Moore|Andrew M. Prentice|Linda J. Kvist|Gloria E. Otoo|Sarah L Brooker|William J. Price|Bahman Shafii|Caitlyn Placek|Kimberly A. Lackey|Bianca Robertson|Susana Manzano|Lorena Ruíz|Juan M. Rodríguez|Rossina G. Pareja|Lars Bode
What’s normal? Oligosaccharide concentrations and profiles in milk produced by healthy women vary geographically ,
Washington State University|Washington State University|Public Health Ontario|University of Toronto|Egerton University|Egerton University|Egerton University|MRC Human Nutrition Research|Medical Research Council|MRC Unit the Gambia|London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine|Lund University|University of Ghana|University of Idaho|University of Idaho|Washington State University|Washington State University|University of California, San Diego|University of Ghana|Universidad Complutense de Madrid|Universidad Complutense de Madrid|Universidad Complutense de Madrid
background human milk complex fluid comprised myriad substances one abundant substances group complex carbohydrates referred human milk oligosaccharides hmos evidence hmo profiles differ populations studies rigorously explored variabilityobjectives tested hypothesis hmo profiles differ diverse populations healthy women next examined relations hmo maternal anthropometric reproductive indexes indirectly examined whether differences likely related genetic environmental variationsdesign crosssectional observational study milk collected total 410 healthy breastfeeding women 11 international cohorts analyzed hmos using highperformance liquid chromatographyresults effect cohort p 005 concentrations almost hmos instance mean 3fucosyllactose concentration 4 times higher milk collected sweden milk collected rural gambia mean sem 473 55 compared 103 16 nmolml respectively p 005 disialyllactontetraose dslnt concentrations ranged 216 14 nmolml sweden 870 68 nmolml rural gambia p 005 maternal age time postpartum weight body mass index correlated several hmos multiple differences hmos eg lactonneotetrose dslnt shown ethnically similar likely genetically similar populations living different locations suggests environment may play role regulating synthesis hmosconclusions results study support hypothesis normal hmo concentrations profiles vary geographically even healthy women targeted genomic analyses required determine whether differences due least part genetic variation careful examination sociocultural behavioral environmental factors needed determine roles regard study registered clinicaltrialsgov nct02670278