Sayantan Biswas, Nicola S Logan, Leon N Davies, Amy L Sheppard, James S Wolffsohn
Assessing the utility of ChatGPT as an artificial intelligence-based large language model for information to answer questions on myopia
Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)
objective investigate prevalence biting pencils among pupils living harbin guangzhou beijing compare differences among cases methods stratified sampling method used select four elementary schools harbin guangzhou april 2015 april 2016 firstly simple random sampling method used every grade grade 1grade 5 select 3 4 classes 71 classes totalafter sample selection questionnaire surveys conducted among pupils guardians anyone guardians belonged classes secondly study extracted part pupils conduct field survey every school classified grade every grade adopted method random sampling select one classes 20 classes total meanwhile study randomly selected pupils 10 classes 2 elementary schools beijing together 1 627 pupils participated field survey questionnaire included general information students guardians situation biting pencils awareness harm biting pencils etc field survey considered participates pencils tooth marks severity marks etc 2 applied test compare differences among pupils different genders different cities comparison focused proportion students bited pencils proportion pencils tooth marks proportion students guardians already awared harm biting pencils etc results number valid questionnaires harbin guangzhou 1 842 1 210 respectively occurrence rate pupils biting pencils harbin 180 3331 842 higher guangzhou 113 1371 210 22916 p0001 specifically harbin rate boys biting pencils 219 212965 higher girls 138 121877 22704 p0001 similarly guangzhou rate boys biting pencils 145 92632 also higher girls 77 45578 21534 p0001 awareness rate harm biting pencils among students two cities 885 1 6111 819 908 1 0981 208 respectively difference statistically significant well 2439 p 0020 compared data awareness rate harm biting pencils among guardians two cities 747 1 3391 791 794 8321 047 respectively well statistically significant difference appeared 2983 p0007 result field survey showed rate toothmarked pencils harbin guangzhou beijing 305 187613 148 79534 283 136480 respectively difference also statistically significant 24268 p0001 degree tooth marks mainly mild percentage mild degree guangzhou 5444379 beijing 412 56136 apparently higher harbin 390 73187 difference statistically significant 2701 p0136 conclusion behavior biting pencils existed universally among pupils harbin guangzhou beijing situation pupils biting pencils harbin beijing serious guangzhou pupils parents teachers pay attention behavior