Suryeon Ryu, Jung Eun Lee, Nan Zeng, David Stodden, Daniel J McDonough, Wenxi Liu, Zan Gao
Bidirectional Relationships among Children's Perceived Competence, Motor Skill Competence, Physical Activity, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness across One School Year
BioMed research international
circadian pattern eating behaviors garnered increasing interest strategy obesity prevention weight loss believed benefits stem aligning food intake bodys natural daily rhythms however existing body evidence limited scale scope insufficient evaluation temporal eating behaviors specific time day highest calorie consumption occurs meal frequency distribution research aims explore association timing largest meal day eating frequency body mass index bmi obesity participants n 2050 1865y part exploratory crosssectional populationbased research data collection virtual environment linear regression analyses restricted cubic splines evaluated differences bmi associated independent eating variables timing largest meal number mealsday continuous categorical 3 3day largest meal day breakfastlunchdinner logistic regression models fitted assess odds ratios 95 confidence intervals ci obesity associated independent variables main findings timing largest meal reporting dinner largest meal associated higher values bmi respectively 007 kgm2 085 kgm2 increased odds obesity respectively or95ci104101108 or95ci167118238 realized 3 mealsday presented lower values bmi 014 kgm2 32 lower odds obesity or95ci068052089 reporting lunch largest meal also protected obesity or95ci071054093 associations statistically significant independent sex age marital status education level diet quality sleep duration weekly frequency physical exercise largest meal earlier day concentrating majority caloric intake lunch consuming three meals day may present promising intervention preventing treating obesityoverweight