Hadeel H Alshareef, Suha R Elzahrany, Reem Abdullah Alharthi, Amal A Alsulmai, Shuaa G Aljabri, Ghadeer E Alamri, Ibrahim Alharbi, Amal M Alkhotani
Knowledge of and attitude toward attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) assessed among primary schoolteachers of Makkah City in Saudi Arabia
Journal of family medicine and primary care
physical activity important childrens health wellbeing supportiveness physical activity home neighborhood environments may affect childrens pa studies crosssectional examined environmental predictors change childrens physical activity two years data longitudinal observational cohort study neighborhood impact kids participants children initially aged 612 years parentcaregiver n 727 dyads living neighborhoods throughout san diego county california king county seattle area washington usa childrens moderatetovigorous physical activity mvpa measured using accelerometers t1 time 1 baseline 20072009 t2 twoyear followup t1 parents surveyreported physical activity pa equipment home demographics neighborhood environment measured using spatial data geographic information systems intersection density park availability inperson audits informal play space near home parkbased pa facilities land use support walkingcycling generalized additive mixed models estimated total effects direct effects environmental attributes mvpa t1 twoway moderating effects childs sex age examined t1 examine associations environmental exposures changes mvpa estimated interaction effects environmental attributes association time mvpa average children accumulated 146 minday standard deviation sd 53 mvpa t1 113 sd 58 minday t2 significant total direct effects environmental attributes mvpa t1 significant twoway interaction effects childs age sex t1 mvpa informal play spaces proximal home amenities associated less mvpa decline t1 t2 higher residential density higher land use mix higher number pa facilities nearby parks unexpectedly associated greater mvpa decline higher quality informal play spaces close home may help offset declines mvpa middle childhood may promote unstructured active play opportunities parental neighbor surveillance unexpectedly environmental factors consistent higher walkability associated greater declines childrens mvpa physical activity differs across lifespan may environmental factors facilitate