Marc A. Norman|David J. Moore|Michael Taylor|Donald Franklin|Lucette A. Cysique|Christopher F. Ake|L Deborah|Florin Vaida|Robert K. Heaton|the HNRC Group
Demographically corrected norms for African Americans and Caucasians on the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test–Revised, Brief Visuospatial Memory Test–Revised, Stroop Color and Word Test, and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test 64-Card Version
University of California, San Diego|University of California, San Diego|University of California, San Diego|San Diego State University|University of California, San Diego|University of California, San Diego|UNSW Sydney|University of California, San Diego|University of California, San Diego|University of California, San Diego|University of California, San Diego
memory executive functioning two important components clinical neuropsychological np practice research multiple demographic factors known affect performance differentially np tests adequate normative corrections inclusive raceethnicity available many widely used instruments study compared demographic contributions widely used tests verbal visual learning memory brief visual memory testrevised hopkins verbal memory testrevised executive functioning stroop color word test wisconsin card sorting test64 groups healthy caucasians n 143 african americans n 103 demographic factors age education gender raceethnicity found significant factors indices four tests magnitude demographic contributions especially age greater african americans caucasians measures new demographically corrected tscore formulas calculated raceethnicity rates np impairment using previously published normative standards significantly overestimated np impairment african americans utilizing new demographic corrections developed presented herein np impairment rates comparable two raceethnicities unrelated demographic characteristics age education gender either raceethnicity group findings support need consider extended demographic contributions neuropsychological test performance clinical research settings