Esther Yoon, Scott Hur, Lauren Opsasnick, Wei Huang, Stephanie Batio, Laura M Curtis, Julia Yoshinso Benavente, Marquita W Lewis-Thames, David M Liebovitz, Michael S Wolf, Marina Serper
Disparities in Patient Portal Use Among Adults With Chronic Conditions
JAMA network open
cognitive styles commonly studied constructs cognitive psychology theory field dependenceindependence one important cognitive styles yet past measurement significant shortcomings validity reliability theory analytic holistic cognitive styles attempted extend theory overcome shortcomings unfortunately psychometric properties measurement methods properly verified furthermore new statistical approaches analysis reaction times overlooked current research aim preregistered study verify psychometric properties ie factor structure splithalf reliability testretest reliability discriminant validity intelligence personality divergent concurrent predictive validity several methods routinely applied field developedadapted six methods based selfreport questionnaires rodandframe principles embedded figures hierarchical figures analysis conducted 392 czech participants two data collection waves results indicate use methods based rodandframe principle may unreliable demonstrating absence association intelligence use embedded hierarchical figures recommended selfreport questionnaire used study showed unsatisfactory factor structure also cannot recommended without futher validation independent samples findings also correspond original twodimensional theory