Bert De Smedt, Ian D Holloway, Daniel Ansari
Effects of problem size and arithmetic operation on brain activation during calculation in children with varying levels of arithmetical fluency
NeuroImage
covid19 pandemic led temporary closures schools germany unpredictable either shortterm sustained many weeks depending local covid19 incidence rates varied different regions time covid19 pandemic created new stressors schools deliver curriculum reduced lessons online teaching covid19 also marked effect research schools inside project nationwide german study investigates effects inclusive schooling secondary education data collection started 2018 still ongoing covid19 pandemic dropout many schools lead sample attrition 393 original sample investigated whether imputation missing values dependent variables school grades n 2999 produces different results listwise deletion cases n 383 hypothesized missing data longitudinal data design missing random nmar hypothesized based previous research larger imputed sample math grades deteriorate german grades two datasets observed respectively imputed data showed difference parents educational attainment gender proportion larger integrative schools less likely drop smaller single type schools pupils surviving schools showed equivalent grades german mathematics including predicted grades pupils stressed dropout schools showed decline mathematics german subject grades