J Davila-Velderrain, J C Martinez-Garcia, E R Alvarez-Buylla
Descriptive vs. mechanistic network models in plant development in the post-genomic era
Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)
debated whether childrens metacognitive monitoring control processes rely general resource whether metacognitive processes task specific moreover findings extent metacognitive processes related firstorder task performance mixed current study aimed uncover relationships among childrens monitoring discrimination correct incorrect responses control accurate withdrawal wrong answers performance across three memorybased learning tasks kanji learning text comprehension secret code learning tasks consisted study phase test phase monitoring confidence judgments control maintainingwithdrawing responses participants 325 children 151 second graders mage 812 years 174 fourth graders mage 1020 years confirmatory factor analyses showed model monitoring control loaded joint factor performance separate factor provided best fit data fourth graders better monitoring control accuracy second graders however factor structure metacognition similar age groups contradictory assumption metacognition generalizes across tasks children grow older accounting taskspecific processes monitoring control skills languagebased memory tasks appear generalizable middle childhood sum childrens monitoring control three separate memory tasks appear reflect unitary metacognitionformemory factor related distinguishable performance