Lai Kun Tong, Yue Yi Li, Mio Leng Au, Si Chen Wang, Wai I Ng
Prebriefing for high-fidelity simulation in nursing education: A meta-analysis
Nurse education today
socioeconomic status ses strong determinant development various diseases evaluated relationship ses incidence chronic obstructive pulmonary disease copd using communitybased cohort data fouryear followup data 6341 adults aged 40 years underwent serial pulmonary function test analyzed incidence copd participants defined absence airflow obstruction compatible copd prebronchodilator forced expiratory volume 1 secondforced vital capacity ratio 07 baseline documentation airflow obstruction serial testing ses patients divided quartiles according household income educational level multivariate logistic regression analyses performed estimate association ses copd incidence total 280 44 patients developed copd followup proportion subjects lowest education elementary school lowest household income levels 1st quartile significantly higher copd group noncopd group 379 vs 295 p0011 484 vs 308 p0001 respectively logistic regression analysis revealed education level elementary school independently associated copd incidence adjustment sex age body mass index white blood cell count residence area occupation odds ratio 1879 95 confidence interval 11243141 p0016 general population educational level elementary school independent risk factor copd among components comprising ses results indicate implementation preventive strategies copd low educational status could beneficial