Sebastian Wachs, Alexander Wettstein, Ludwig Bilz, Dorothy L Espelage, Michelle F Wright, Manuel Gámez-Guadix
Individual and Contextual Correlates of Latent Bystander Profiles toward Racist Hate Speech: A Multilevel Person-centered Approach
Journal of youth and adolescence
much contemporary youth drug education operates assumption young peoples decisions use alcohol drugs often stem misunderstanding youth consumption common constitute social norm known social norms approach stated aim form drug education empower young people avoid consumption constituting uncommon therefore abnormal taking relationship autonomy norms primary concern examine key assumptions social norms approach analysis dataset 23 evidencebased drug education texts currently recommended use australian secondary schools drawing rasmussens 2011 analysis autonomy paradox young people compelled demonstrate autonomy submitting external authority argue drug education constitutes young peoples lack autonomy key cause solution youth drug use three strategies 1 decisionmaking exercises position consumption result inability make rational choice 2 activities equate drug consumption succumbing peer pressure failing demonstrate autonomy 3 deployment population level data youth drug use constitutes atypical together strategies suggest drug education often purports empower young people make empowered decisions operates broader social intervention seeks produce compliant rather autonomous subjects