Robert C Hilborn, Michael J Friedlander
Biology and physics competencies for pre-health and other life sciences students
CBE life sciences education
well known course migraine influenced comorbidities individual psychological characteristics may impact disease proper identification psychological factors relevant migraine important improve nonpharmacological management study aimed investigating relationship psychological factors migraine subjects free psychiatric comorbidities sample women episodic em chronic migraine cm without history psychiatric comorbidities included crosssectional study study also included female healthy controls hc without migraine primary headaches evaluated sleep anxiety depression intolerance uncertainty decision making style tendence pain catastrophizing validated selfreport questionnaires scales comparisons among groups performed using anova bonferroni posthoc tests statistical significance set p 005 total 65 women em mean age sd 439 72 65 women cm 477 85 65 hc 435 90 evaluated sleep domains cm patients reported poorer overall sleep quality severe sleep disturbances greater sleep medication use higher daytime dysfunction severe insomnia symptoms hc em group showed better sleep quality lower sleep disturbances sleep medication use cm hand analysis highlighted severe daytime dysfunction insomnia symptoms em patients compared hc anxiety mood domains cm showed greater trait anxiety higher level general anxiety sensitivity hc specifically cm participants afraid somatic cognitive anxiety symptoms hc difference depression severity emerged finally cm reported higher pain catastrophizing tendency severe feeling helplessness substantial ruminative thinking em hc whilst em participants reported higher scores three abovementioned dimensions hc three groups showed similar decisionmaking styles intolerance uncertainty strategies coping uncertainty even individuals without psychiatric comorbidities specific behavioral psychological factors associated migraine especially chronic form proper identification factors important improve management migraine nonpharmacological strategies