H. Shonna Yin|Ruth M. Parker|Lee Sanders|Alan L. Mendelsohn|Benard P. Dreyer|Stacy Cooper Bailey|Deesha A. Patel|Jessica J. Jimenez|Kwang Youn Kim|Kara L. Jacobson|Michelle C.J. Smith|Laurie Hedlund|Nicole Meyers|Terri McFadden|Michael S. Wolf
Pictograms, Units and Dosing Tools, and Parent Medication Errors: A Randomized Study
Bellevue Hospital Center|New York University|Stanford University|Bellevue Hospital Center|New York University|Bellevue Hospital Center|New York University|University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|General Department of Preventive Medicine|Bellevue Hospital Center|New York University|Northwestern University|Emory University|Stanford University|General Department of Preventive Medicine|Bellevue Hospital Center|New York University|Emory University|General Department of Preventive Medicine
poorly designed labels dosing tools contribute dosing errors examined degree errors could reduced pictographic diagrams milliliteronly units provision tools closely matched prescribed volumesthis study involved randomized controlled experiment 3 pediatric clinics english spanishspeaking parents n 491 children 8 years old randomly assigned 1 4 groups given labels dosing tools varied label instruction format text pictogram text units milliliteronly ml milliliterteaspoon mltsp parent measured 9 doses liquid medication 3 amounts 2 75 10 ml 3 tools 1 cup 2 syringes 5 10ml capacities random order primary outcome dosing error 20 deviation large error 2 dosewe found 835 parents made 1 dosing error overdosing present 121 errors 293 parents made 1 large error 2 dose greatest impact errors resulted provision tools closely matched prescribed dose volumes 2ml dose fewest errors seen 5ml syringe 5 vs 10ml syringe adjusted odds ratio aor 03 95 confidence interval 0204 cup versus 10ml syringe aor 75 57100 75ml dose fewest errors 10ml syringe necessitate measurement multiple instrumentfulls 5 vs 10ml syringe aor 40 3054 cup versus 10ml syringe aor 21 1529 milliliterteaspoon associated errors milliliteronly aor 13 10516 parents received text versus text pictogram instructions milliliterteaspoon versus milliliteronly labels tools made large errors aor 19 1133 aor 25 1446 respectivelyprovision dosing tools closely matched prescribed dose volumes especially promising strategy reducing pediatric dosing errors