Marc J Tassé, Ruth Luckasson, Robert L Schalock
The Relation Between Intellectual Functioning and Adaptive Behavior in the Diagnosis of Intellectual Disability
Intellectual and developmental disabilities
present study used data early childhood longitudinal studykindergarten cohort 2011 n 15827 511 male 484 white 135 blackafricanamerican 243 hispaniclatino 75 asian 63 ethnicity examine unique contribution specific executive function processes working memory cognitive flexibility kindergarten entry externalizing internalizing behavior problems spring kindergarten controlling fall behavior problems demographic covariates due transition elementary school critical identification prevention period also focused examining moderating role specific positive parenting practices ie cognitive stimulation warmth behavior management associations child executive function processes behavioral functioning results indicated working memory negatively associated parentreported externalizing teacherrated internalizing behavior problems association working memory parentrated externalizing problems moderated cognitive stimulation whereas association parentrated internalizing problems moderated behavior management cognitive flexibility significant associations discuss implications research practice parenting practices may leveraged improve child outcomes