Dustin G. Gibson|Benard Ochieng|E. Wangeci Kagucia|Joyce Were|Kyla Hayford|Lawrence H. Moulton|Orin S. Levine|Frank Odhiambo|Katherine L. O'Brien|Daniel R. Feikin
Mobile phone-delivered reminders and incentives to improve childhood immunisation coverage and timeliness in Kenya (M-SIMU): a cluster randomised controlled trial
Johns Hopkins University|Kenya Medical Research Institute|Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|Johns Hopkins University|Kenya Medical Research Institute|Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|Johns Hopkins University|Johns Hopkins University|Johns Hopkins University|Kenya Medical Research Institute|Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|Johns Hopkins University|Johns Hopkins University
mobile phone access continues expand globally opportunities exist leverage technologies support demand immunisation services improve vaccine coverage aimed assess whether short message service sms reminders monetary incentives improve immunisation uptake kenyain clusterrandomised controlled trial villages randomly evenly allocated four groups control sms sms plus 75 kenya shilling kes incentive sms plus 200 kes 85 kes usd1 caregivers eligible child younger 5 weeks yet received first dose pentavalent vaccine participants intervention groups received sms reminders scheduled pentavalent measles immunisation visits participants incentive groups additionally received money child timely immunised immunisation within 2 weeks due date caregivers interviewers masked proportion fully immunised children receiving bcg three doses polio vaccine three doses pentavalent vaccine measles vaccine 12 months age constituted primary outcome analysed logbinomial regression general estimating equations account correlation within clusters trial registered clinicaltrialsgov number nct01878435between oct 14 2013 oct 17 2014 enrolled 2018 caregivers infants 152 villages following four groups control n489 sms n476 sms plus 75 kes n562 sms plus 200 kes n491 overall 1375 86 1600 children successfully followed achieved primary outcome full immunisation 12 months age 296 82 360 control participants 332 86 388 sms participants 383 86 446 sms plus 75 kes participants 364 90 406 sms plus 200 kes participants children sms plus 200 kes group significantly likely achieve full immunisation 12 months age relative risk 109 95 ci 102116 p0014 children control groupin setting high baseline immunisation coverage levels sms reminders coupled incentives significantly improved immunisation coverage timeliness given global immunisation coverage levels stagnated around 85 use incentives might one option reach remaining 15bill melinda gates foundation