Z Y Xin, X Guo, J Y Chen, H H Liu, F L Chen, H J Li, L Ma, J Cui, Z Wang, Y J Wang
[The investigation on the situation of biting pencils among part pupils in Harbin, Guangzhou, and Beijing]
Zhonghua yu fang yi xue za zhi [Chinese journal of preventive medicine]
discuss 12 misperceptions misstatements mistakes concerning use covariates observational nonrandomized research additionally offer advice help investigators editors reviewers readers make informed decisions conducting interpreting research influence covariates may issue primarily address misperceptions context statistical management covariates various forms modeling although also emphasize design model variable selection approaches addressing effects covariates including matching logical extensions discuss dwelled upon heavily misperceptions misstatements mistakes discuss include accurate representation covariates effects measurement error overreliance covariate categorization underestimation power loss controlling covariates misinterpretation significance statistical models misconceptions confounding variables selecting collider p value interpretations covariateinclusive analyses condensed overview serves correct common errors improve research quality general nutrition research specifically