Lynn Helena Caporale
Evolutionary feedback from the environment shapes mechanisms that generate genome variation
The Journal of physiology
article explore nature extent school principals effects reading achievement sample 87 u elementary schools study responded prior critiques literature school administration formulating testing multidimensional model principal effects student learning using principal teacher questionnaires student test scores examined relations selected school context variables student ses parental involvement principal gender teaching experience principal instructional leadership principal activity key dimensions schools educational program instructional climate school mission opportunity learn teacher expectations student reading achievement results showed direct effects principal instructional leadership student achievement results however support belief principal indirect effect school effectiveness actions shape schools learning climate also found principal leadership influenced personal contextual variables ses parental involvement gender study confirmed appropriateness viewing principals role school effectiveness conceptual framework places principals leadership behavior context school organization environment assesses leadership effects student achievement mediating variables