Guro Karlsholm, Linn Beate Strand, Beate André, Kjersti Grønning
Learning evidence-based practice by writing the bachelor's thesis - A prospective cohort study in undergraduate nursing education
Nurse education today
main objective present investigation appraisal human health hazard based intake dermal contact fluoride enriched potable groundwater used rural water supply semiarid region shanmuganadhi river basin south india variance decomposition based sobol sensitivity method used assess relative contribution well interaction input variables oral dermal models three different scores evaluated foe first order effect soe second order effect te total effect different age groups population including gender kids women men spatiotemporal mapping indicates 26 water supply wells exceeded recommended limit fluoride 15 mg l1 safe intake wells spread 10403 km2 area consisting 16 villages basin assess human health risk related fluoride enrichment potable water hazard index hi calculated per usepa guidelines noncarcinogenic risk based oral intake ranges 0 181 0 159 0 129 kids women men respectively nearly 30 21 12 well samples exceeded upper permissible limit hi 1 kids women men respectively sobol sensitivity analysis reveals cw concentration f water ir intake rate combination plays vital role hq oral model appraisal health hazard kids however two parameters negligible effect health hazard adult population men women therefore lower age group people especially kids significant ill effect due consumption fluoride enriched potable water model output suggests body weight bw least effect health hazard lower age group population interestingly exposure frequency ef body weight bw much effect health hazards related dermal contact skin surface area sa minimal effect men te 092 women te 126 however sa vital effect kids te 1739 older age group people dermal risk younger people therefore hq dermal results indicate 49 64 67 samples possess noncarcinogenic risk kids women men respectively