Ramesh Ghiassi|Kevin Murphy|A. R. Cummin|Martyn R Partridge
Developing a pictorial Epworth Sleepiness Scale
Charing Cross Hospital|Imperial College London|Charing Cross Hospital|Imperial College London|Charing Cross Hospital|Imperial College London|Charing Cross Hospital|Imperial College London
epworth sleepiness scale ess designed selfcompleted patient however may understood unrecognised problems literacy impair process ess translated pictorial version use normal diminished literacy skillsan evaluation patients ability selfcomplete ess undertaken sleep nonsleep respiratory clinics errors problems encountered recorded standard questionnaire aid medical artist pictorial representations eight ess questions developed new pictorial ess offered patients alongside traditional ess two scales compared agreement kappa statistic patients asked record preference either written pictorial scaleevaluation traditional ess showed 338 2780 essnaive patients made errors 225 1880 needed help completing questionnaire translated pictorial ess showed good agreement traditional ess questions median kappa score 063 iqr 004 fiftyfive per cent reported preference pictorial scale compared standard written ess despite fact errors frequently made traditional ess 968 participants second study reported scales easy complete people 756 reported pictorial ess easy comparison 646 worded ess questionnaireerrors common patients selfcomplete traditional written ess pictures words shown enhance understanding translation medical information pictorial translation ess produces scores comparable traditional ess may suitable alternative normal diminished literacy