Alberto Aimo, Ilaria Tono, Eleonora Benelli, Paolo Morfino, Giorgia Panichella, Anna Luce Damone, Maria Filomena Speltri, Edoardo Airò, Simonetta Monti, Claudio Passino, Maila Lazzarini, Sabina De Rosis, Sabina Nuti, Maria Sole Morelli, Chiara Evangelista, Roberta Poletti, Michele Emdin, Massimo Bergamasco
The Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio app: a digital health system to improve wellbeing of inpatients with heart or lung disease
Journal of cardiovascular medicine (Hagerstown, Md.)
disturbances sleep typical depressed patients belong core symptoms disorder since 1960s polysomnographic sleep research demonstrated besides disturbances sleep continuity depression associated altered sleep architecture ie decrease slow wave sleep sws production disturbed rapid eye movement rem sleep regulation shortened rem latency ie interval sleep onset occurrence first rem period increased rem sleep duration increased rem density ie frequency rapid eye movements per rem period considered biological markers depression might predict relapse recurrence high risk studies including healthy relatives patients depression demonstrate rem sleep alterations may precede clinical expression depression may thus useful identifying subjects high risk illness several models developed explain rem sleep abnormalities depression like cholinergicaminergic imbalance model chronobiologically inspired theories reviewed overview moreover rem sleep alterations recently considered biological scars true endophenotypes depression review discusses genetic neurochemical neurobiological factors implicated play role complex relationships rem sleep depression hypothesize one hand rem sleep dysregulation depression may linked genetic predispositionvulnerability develop illness hand conceivable rem sleep disinhibition part maladaptive stress reaction increased allostatic load also discuss whether rem sleep changes depression may contribute development central symptoms depression cognitive distortions including negative selfesteem overnight consolidation negatively toned emotional memories