William V Massey, Megan B Stellino, Sean P Mullen, Jennette Claassen, Megan Wilkison
Development of the great recess framework - observational tool to measure contextual and behavioral components of elementary school recess
BMC public health
science communication historically predicated knowledge deficit model yet empirical research shown public communication science complex knowledge deficit model suggests essay pose four lines reasoning present empirical data believe deficit model still persists public communication science first posit scientists training results belief public audiences process information rational manner second persistence model may product current institutional structures many graduate education programs science technology engineering math stem fields generally lack formal training public communication offer empirical evidence demonstrates scientists less positive attitudes toward social sciences likely adhere knowledge deficit model science communication third present empirical evidence scientists conceptualize public link attitudes toward deficit model find perceiving knowledge deficit public closely tied scientists perceptions individuals comprise public finally argue knowledge deficit model perpetuated easily influence public policy science issues propose ways uproot deficit model move toward effective science communication efforts include training scientists communication methods grounded social science research using approaches engage community members around scientific issues