Jill Locke, Wendy Shih, Mark Kretzmann, Connie Kasari
Examining playground engagement between elementary school children with and without autism spectrum disorder
Autism : the international journal of research and practice
significance testing based pvalues standard psychological research teaching typically research articles textbooks present use p measure statistical evidence null hypothesis fisherian interpretation although using concepts tools based completely different usage p tool controlling longterm decision errors neymanpearson interpretation four major problems using p measure evidence problems often overlooked domain psychology first p uniformly distributed null hypothesis therefore never indicate evidence null second p conditioned solely null hypothesis therefore unsuited quantify evidence evidence always relative sense evidence hypothesis relative another hypothesis third p designates probability obtaining evidence given null rather strength evidence fourth p depends unobserved data subjective intentions therefore implies given evidential interpretation evidential strength observed data depends things happen subjective intentions sum using p fisherian sense measure statistical evidence deeply problematic statistically conceptually neymanpearson interpretation evidence contrast likelihood ratio escapes problems recommended tool psychologists represent statistical evidence conveyed obtained data relative two hypotheses