Lingyun Mao, Yunhong Wu, Xin Hong, Pan Li, Xin Yuan, Maorong Hu
The influence of childhood maltreatment on trait depression in patients with major depressive disorder: A moderated mediation model of rumination and mindful attention awareness
Journal of affective disorders
given rapid increase studies bullying peer harassment among youth becomes important understand researched study explored whether themes emerged childrens definitions bullying consistent theoretical methodological operationalizations within research literature whether provision definition administering bullying experience items would lead different prevalence rates reported victimization bullying students aged 818 n 1767 randomly assigned one two conditions first condition students provided standard bullying definition second condition students provided definition bullying results indicated students definitions bullying rarely included three prominent definitional criteria typically endorsed researchers intentionality 17 repetition 6 power imbalance 26 although almost students 92 emphasize negative behaviors definition younger children made mention physical aggression general harassing behaviors verbal aggression definitions whereas theme relational aggression prominent middle years reported girls boys finally students given definition bullying reported victimized less students provided definition well boys given definition bullying tended report higher levels bullying given definition marginal effect