David A Cook, Christopher R Stephenson
Validation of the Learner Engagement Instrument for Continuing Professional Development
Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges
dependency theories causal reasoning causal bayes net accounts postulate strengths individual causal links independent causal structure embedded inferred dependency information statistical regularities propose psychological account postulates reasoners concept causality richer predicts systematic influence causal structure knowledge causal strength intuitions view incorporates notion held dispositional theories causes produce effects virtue underlying causal capacity going beyond existing normative dispositional theories however argue reasoners concept causality involves idea continuous causes spread capacity across different causal pathways analogous fluids running pipe systems representation leads prediction structuredependent dilution causal strength links served cause weaker individual links expected series experiments corroborate theory continuous causes continuous effects causal structures genuinely binary variables present absent reasoners tend think link strength decreases number links served cause effect reflects default notion reasoners causality moderated assumptions amount causal capacity causes assumed possess mechanism knowledge cause generates effects discuss theoretical empirical implications findings