Maryna Tverdostup|Tiiu Paas
SKILLS HETEROGENEITY AND IMMIGRANT-NATIVE WAGE GAP IN THE EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
University of Tartu|University of Tartu
paper analyses individual human capital measured education literacy numeracy skills explores extent immigrants employ cognitive skills workbased program international assessment adult competencies piaac data 15 european countries document average foreignborn respondents achieve substantially worse scores literacy numeracy test domains majority analysed countriesonly immigrants nordic countries reveal skill improvement immigration tenureonce account skill levels use skills work wage regressions statistically significant gap earnings across immigrants natives remainsalthough immigrants attain comparable natives skill use frequency pay disadvantage turns statistically insignificant countries except estonia irelandthe results leading us conclusion potential development utilization immigrants skills european labour markets still underusedimmigrants yet sufficiently well integrated labour markets european countries