David Pérez-Jorge, Isabel Alonso-Rodríguez, Matías Arriagada-Venegas, Eva Ariño-Mateo
Restorative methods as a strategy for the prevention of violence and bullying in primary and secondary schools in Mexico: An exploratory study
Heliyon
purpose study determine structural validity health literacy scale hls korean patients diabetes based previously reported firstorder threefactor twofactor models newly proposed secondorder model identify model best represents structure korean version hls hlsk hls translated japanese korean using translation backtranslation technique secondary data analysis used validate structure hls data obtained crosssectional survey involving 459 adults diabetes recruited outpatient clinics two university hospitals south korea structural validity examined using confirmatory factor analysis additionally knowngroups validity education level internal consistency validity assessed secondorder threefactor model hlsk exhibited good fit data indicated 2 df 3891 srmr 0042 gfi 0924 rmsea 0079 90 ci 00690090 cfi 0962 secondorder threefactor model empirically demonstrated communicative critical factors explained variance overall health literacy better functional factor hlsk mean score significantly lower patients elementary school education higher education levels implying presence knowngroups validity cronbachs alpha total scale 090 study found secondorder threefactor model hlsk better original firstorder threefactor firstorder twofactor models validation studies needed generalise underlying structure instrument diabetes populations across various cultures