Ronald Fischer|Johannes Alfons Karl
A Primer to (Cross-Cultural) Multi-Group Invariance Testing Possibilities in R
Victoria University of Wellington|D’Or Institute for Research and Education|Victoria University of Wellington
psychology become less weird recent years marking progress towards becoming truly global psychology however increase cultural diversity matched greater attention cultural biases research significant challenge culturecomparative research psychology comparisons open possible item bias noninvariance unfortunately many psychologists aware problems implications know best test invariance data provide general introduction invariance testing tutorial three major classes techniques easily implemented free software statistical language r specifically describe 1 confirmatory multigroup confirmatory factor analysis extension exploratory structural equation modelling multigroup alignment 2 iterative hybrid logistic regression well 3 exploratory factor analysis principal component analysis procrustes rotation pay specific attention effect size measures item biases differential item function code r provided main text online see httpsosfioagr5e extended code general introduction r available supplementary materials