Pablo Brañas–Garza|Antonio M. Espín|Filippos Exadaktylos|Benedikt Herrmann
Fair and unfair punishers coexist in the Ultimatum Game
Middlesex University|Universidad de Granada|Istanbul Bilgi University|University of Nottingham
ultimatum game proposer suggests split sum money responder responder rejects proposal players get nothing rejection unfair offers regarded form punishment implemented fairminded individuals willing impose cooperation norm personal cost however recent research using experimental frameworks observed nonnegligible levels antisocial punishment competitive spiteful individuals eventually undermine cooperation using two largescale experiments note explores nature ultimatum game punishers analyzing behavior dictator game studies coexistence two entirely different subpopulations confirmed prosocial punishers one hand behave fairly dictators spiteful antisocial punishers totally unfair finding important implications regarding evolution cooperation behavioral underpinnings stable social systems