Esther L Wanko Keutchafo, Jane Kerr
Older Adults' Interpretation of Nurses' Nonverbal Communication in Cameroon: A Grounded Theory Inquiry
Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financing
describe conception evaluation novel educational intervention teach direct ophthalmoscopy retinal simulators using peerassessed group objective structured clinical examination osce format prospective singlecentre educational trial oxford university medical school oxford uk total 160 consecutive undergraduate fifthyear medical students participated study students identified prior experience teaching examination feedback relevant direct ophthalmoscopy students selfevaluated perceived confidence across 6 domains direct ophthalmoscopy examination educational intervention using likerttype psychometric scale wilcoxon matched pair testing used determine statistical significance domain group osce intervention increased confidence direct ophthalmoscopy overall 25 638 p 0001 confidence improved 6 domains significantly controls ophthalmoscope p 0001 sequence examination p 0001 also identification interpretation retinal signs p 0001 students rated tutorial effective effective across 6 domains 9629 rated tutorial effective overall retinal simulation integrated peerassessed group osce format effective increasing confidence aspects direct ophthalmoscopy may insufficient alone training identification interpretation posterior segment clinical signs diminishing ophthalmology clerkships worldwide require ophthalmologists identify innovative teaching methods using modern technology pedagogy deliver highquality yet highthroughput training direct ophthalmoscopy novel teaching strategy may considered ophthalmologists responsible direct ophthalmoscopy training teaching hospital context