Michael Gurven|Christopher von Rueden|Jonathan Stieglitz|Hillard Kaplan|Daniel Rodríguez
The evolutionary fitness of personality traits in a small-scale subsistence society
University of California, Santa Barbara|University of California, Santa Barbara|University of New Mexico|University of New Mexico
maintenance personality variation remains unexplained puzzle evolutionary biology despite evidence among nonhumans personality variation affects fitness data exist assess personalityfitness relationship humans among tsimane foragerhorticulturalists n 632 test whether personality traits assessed using 43item big five inventory administered orally native language predict fertility offspring survivorship age first reproduction fitness correlates extramarital affairs conflicts social visitation food production several health measures among men several personality factors associate higher fertility time spent producing food social visitation among women relationship personality fitness varies across regions tsimane territory case intermediate personality level associated highest fitness found industriousness men find personality factors positively associated fitness associate greater health costs although greater extraversion openness may lead conflicts among men factor heritability ranges 60 prosociality extraversion 8 neuroticism interpret results light evolutionary models explain maintenance personality variation including incomplete directional selection mutationselection balance conditiondependent reaction norms fluctuating selection based sex spatial variability selection pressures