Ruth E Pel-Littel, Bianca M Buurman, Mirella M Minkman, Wilma J M Scholte Op Reimer, Jos W R Twisk, Julia C M van Weert
The influence of health literacy, anxiety and education on shared decision making and decisional conflict in older adults, and the mediating role of patient participation: A video observational study
Patient education and counseling
anthelmintic resistance sheep parasitic gastrointestinal nematodes widespread severe health economic issue prevalence resistance involved parasite species unknown germany faecal egg count reduction test fecrt performed eight farms using fenbendazole ivermectin moxidectin four farms using moxidectin questionnaire used obtain data management practices potentially identify risk factors presence resistance requirements recently revised waavp guideline diagnosing anthelmintic resistance using fecrt applied nematode species composition pre posttreatment samples analysed nemabiome approach using eggcounts statistic package resistance fenbendazole ivermectin moxidectin found 78 88 812 farms respectively formal risk factor analysis conducted since resistance present farms comparison bayescount r package results revealed substantial agreement methods cohens 0774 contrast interpretation data comparing revised original waavp guidelines resulted moderate agreement cohens 0444 fecr moxidectin significantly higher ivermectin fenbendazole nemabiome data identified 4 12 species pretreatment samples treatments caused small significant decrease species diversity inverse simpson index nonmetric multidimensional scaling kmeans clustering used identify common patterns pre posttreatment samples however posttreatment samples scattered among pretreatment samples resistant parasite species differed farms conclusion revised fecrt guideline allows robust detection anthelmintic resistance resistance widespread involved multiple parasite species resistance drug classes farm common studies including additional drugs levamisole monepantel closantel combine sensitive fecrts nemabiome data comprehensively characterise anthelmintic susceptibility status sheep nematodes germany