Edelle [Edee] Field-Fote
Fake News in Science
book ambient findability author peter morville2 inspires readers tenet find changes become positive vantage point affirmation way availability information digital age potential transform know think neutral perspective veracity information way information structured literacy reader accessibility material determine information used influence ultimately person community society however also cautionary viewpoint way information presented potential misrepresent distort important parallels research cases find search information summary evidence misrepresents rigor strength component studies potential change practice way may deleterious patients sake allegory might imagine world rehabilitation science simple straightforward effective interventions positive outcomes regardless dose frequency duration repetitions intensity etc intervention outcomes individuals one type neurologic condition equally applicable types neurologic conditions results small studies always results large studies statistical significance equated clinical significance think much easier would generate quality evidence many fewer studies would need done straightforward would translate evidence practice research outcomes black white unfortunately complicated doseresponse relationships divergent outcomes among different clinical populations low power limited generalizability small studies issues hurdles contend try translate evidence practicethe bottom line science complicated systematic reviews metaanalyses intended methodically extract critically appraise synthesize literature defined content area make interpreting evidence less complicated however types articles represent study designs study results conclusions derived valuable study welldesigned carefully executed commentary published online medpage today2 fall 2018 lamented elevation systematic reviewmetaanalysis station considered highest level evidence3 consequence many journals publication systematic reviewsmetaanalyses exceeds publication original research author commentary calls journal editors give systematic reviewsmetaanalyses highest level skepticism count systematic reviewsmetaanalyses submitted journal neurologic physical therapy january 2017 writing editorial may 2019 indicates 44 submissions article type 5 published 39 rejected submissions declined editorial review one following common reasons duplicated reviews previously published based studies meaningful conclusions could expected adequately assess strength evidence risk bias mixed studies different interventionsdifferent clinical populations could meaningfully combined considering strength type research summary particularly important certain evidence derived multiple sources synthesized way accurately reflects strength lack thereof data evidence founded meaningful results strong study may diluted combined metaanalysis studies underpowered underdosed simply poorly designed result conclusions negate evidence obscure ability make either causal inferences inferences association conversely metaanalysis built weak trials positive questionable conclusions cobbling results together insufficient underlying data builds false evidence disservice advancement theory practice savvy consumers research important vigilant bias misrepresentation articles represent summaries evidence evaluating value isolated study critically appraising evidence forms avoid pitfalls fake news science