Fan Li, Zhiyi Wang, Guoliang He
AP Shadow Net: A Remote Sensing Shadow Removal Network Based on Atmospheric Transport and Poisson's Equation
Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
indirect answers common type nonliteral language provide explicit yes question eg work late indirectly answered going party negative response current study examined developmental trajectory comprehension indirect answers among 5 10yearold children typical development fortyeight children 23 boys 25 girls ages 5 years 0 months 10 years 11 months 82 sd 1977 months completed experimental task judge whether verbally presented indirect answer meant yes comprehension task explain choice explanation task responses scored accuracy coded error analysis comprehension task 5 8yearolds performed approximately 85 accuracy 9 10yearolds achieved 95 accuracy explanation task crosssectional trajectory revealed three stages 5 6yearolds adequately explained indirect answers 32 time 7 8yearolds performed significantly higher 55 9 10yearolds made significant gains younger children 66 error analysis revealed children fail interpret speaker intentions appropriately repeat speakers utterance provide insufficient explanation 80 time responses irrelevant context indicating dont know response madeup interpretations accounted 210 total inadequate explanations study findings indicate discrepancies task performances offer two separate sets baseline data future comparisons investigate comprehension explanation indirect answers children different cultural linguistic backgrounds varying cognitive language profiles