Nidhi P Vedawala, Sakshi J Thakrar, Jayesh V Thakrar, Pratik G Patel, Yash G Patel
Six Thinking Hats model of learning-Creative teaching method in physiotherapy-A pilot study
Journal of education and health promotion
wholeschool interventions modify school environment promote health subset interventions promotes student commitment school prevent substance tobacco alcohol drugs use andor violence previous review identified theory human functioning school organisation comprehensive theory interventions found evidence interventions reduce substance use andor violence objectives search appraise synthesise evidence address following questions 1 wholeschool interventions promoting student commitment school prevent substance use andor violence evaluated intervention subtypes apparent closely align theory human functioning school organisation 2 factors relating setting population intervention affect implementation 3 effects student substance use violence educational attainment 4 costeffectiveness interventions 5 intervention effects mediated student commitment school moderated setting population total 56 information sources searched january 2020 updated search 48 carried may 2021 reference lists also searched experts contacted eligible studies processoutcome evaluations wholeschool interventions reduce student violence substance use among students aged 518 years attending schools via actions aligning theory human functioning school organisation modifying teaching increase engagement enhancing studentstaff relationships revising school policies encouraging volunteering increasing parental involvement data extraction quality assessments used existing tools theory process reports synthesised qualitatively outcome economic data synthesised narratively outcome data metaanalysed searches retrieved 63 eligible reports 27 studies 22 interventions identified four intervention subtypes focused student participation schoolwide decisions improving staffstudent relationships increasing engagement learning involving parents theories change intervention subtypes aligned closely theory human functioning school organisation informed refinement intervention theory change theories change interventions increasing learning engagement align theory aiming instead increase school commitment primarily via social skills curricula factors influencing implementation included whether interventions tailorable workable well explained interventions action groups comprising staffstudents etc providing local data well implemented implementation also affected whether schools accepted need change staff resources delivery metaanalyses suggest small significant intervention effects preventing violence victimisation perpetration substance use sparse inconsistent evidence moderation evidence mediation student commitment school two economic evaluations suggested potential interventions costeffective quality studies variable economic synthesis limited two studies wholeschool interventions aiming promote student commitment school share similar theories change factors affecting implementation potential contribute preventing violence substance use among young people future trials aim optimise intervention effectiveness better theorisation assess implementation effect moderators mediators study registered prospero crd42019154334 award funded national institute health care research nihr public health research programme nihr award ref 1715105 published full public health research vol 12 2 see nihr funding awards website award information