University of the Witwatersrand|University of the Witwatersrand
aim aim study establish validity reliability tswanatranslations three pain scalesdesign crosssectional study validate test reliability threepain scalesparticipants one hundred subjects participated study selectedfrom back schools five hospitals north west province south frica andfrom workers hospitals employed kitchen workers laundryworkers cleanersmethod translation pain scales stages crosscultural adaptation followed recommended bybeaton et al 2000 pain tolerance subjects measured using ptm pressure threshold meter painscales used va visual analogue scale one nought ten va visual analogue scale twonought ten wbf wongbaker faces pain measure vrs verbal rating scale vrsused came two forms first form written cue cards subjects arranged order second form questionnaire version vrsthe subjects interviewed asked five questions relating back pain upon completion interviewthe pressure threshold painful area back tested subjects filled three pain scales namely va one va two vrs lastly wbf pain scale approximately third sample 37 retested following day following procedure asdescribed results correlation pressure threshold meter readings pain scale measurements conclusion statistical analysis results became apparent subjects tested anunderstanding three pain scales future research needs done developing entirely different scales peoples low literacy differentlanguage cultural groups south africa