Jingjing Gui, Sayed M Ismail
The effect of planning time on vocabulary acquisition in a task-based environment: the mediating roles of working memory and field (in)dependence
BMC psychology
highly visible tragedies high schools thought involve bullying directly contributed public support statemandated k12 antibullying programming existing programs actually effective older adolescents paper first outlines theoretical considerations including developmental changes manifestation bullying b underlying causes bullying c efficacy domaingeneral behaviorchange tactics review leads prediction discontinuity program efficacy among older adolescents paper reports novel metaanalysis studies administered program multiple age groups measured levels bullying k 19 72 effect sizes conducting hierarchical metaanalysis withinstudy moderation efficacy age precise estimates agerelated trends possible results consistent theory whereas bullying appears effectively prevented 7th grade 8th grade beyond sharp drop average zero finding contradicts past metaanalyses used betweenstudy tests moderation paper provides basis theory agerelated moderation program effects may generalize domains findings also suggest general need caution interpreting betweenstudy metaanalytic moderation results