Nancy M Wells, Beth M Myers, Charles R Henderson
School gardens and physical activity: a randomized controlled trial of low-income elementary schools
Preventive medicine
tested cognitive brain reserve maintenance explain individual differences episodic memory cognitive domains late middle early older adulthood used vietnam era twin study aging data n1604 men episodic memory measured mean ages 56 62 68 years magnetic resonance imaging data subsample participants n321 cognitive reserve young adult general cognitive ability mean age 20 years lesser degree educational attainment positively related episodic memory performance assessment memory change found evidence associations brain reserve brain maintenance memory change results highly similar looking processing speed executive function verbal fluency conclusion higher young adult cognitive reserve related better episodic memory midlife older adulthood confer better cognitive maintenance respect memory supports importance early cognitive development dementia prevention