Kayonda Hubert Ngamaba, Laddy Sedzo Lombo, Israël Kenda Makopa, Martin Webber, Jack M Liuta, Joule Ntwan Madinga, Samuel Ma Miezi Mampunza, Cheyann Heap
Mental health outcomes, literacy and service provision in low- and middle-income settings: a systematic review of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Npj mental health research
among patients heart failure hf fatigue common linked quality life functional status fatigue hypothesized manifest multiple types general exertional components unique subtypes fatigue hf may require differential assessment treatment improve outcomes conducted study identify fatigue subtypes persons prevalent hf aric study atherosclerosis risk communities describe distribution characteristics across subtypes performed crosssectional analysis 1065 participants prevalent hf aric visit 5 20112013 measured exertional fatigue using modified medical research council breathlessness scale general fatigue using patient reported outcomes measurement information system fatigue scale used latent class analysis identify subtypes fatigue number classes determined using model fit statistics classes interpreted assigned fatigue severity rating based conditional probability endorsing survey items given class compared characteristics across classes using multinomial regression overall participants 54 female 38 black mean age 77 identified 4 latent classes fatigue subtypes 1 high generalhigh exertional fatigue 18 2 high generallow exertional fatigue 27 3 moderate generalmoderate exertional fatigue 20 4 lowno general exertional fatigue 35 female sex black race lower education level higher body mass index increased depressive symptoms higher prevalence diabetes associated higher levels general exertional fatigue identified unique subtypes fatigue patients hf previously described within subtype general exertional fatigue mostly concordant severity exertional fatigue occurred conjunction general fatigue alone understanding fatigue types relationships outcomes may enhance understanding symptom experience inform prognostication secondary prevention efforts persons hf