Gordon Hodson, Elvira Prusaczyk
A cautionary note on interpreting research findings in the presence of statistical suppression
The Journal of social psychology
given potential impact schoolbased daily physical activity dpa policies health outcomes canadian children surprising little research examined implementation studentlevel effectiveness policies even less used theory understand barriers facilitators affecting uptake policy teachers review descriptively summarizes implementation status approaches used implement dpa effectiveness dpa increasing physical activity children school addition theoretical domains framework tdf used explore barriers facilitators dpa implementation scoping review english articles using eric cinahl google scholar 2005 2016 conducted studies evaluated implementation andor studentlevel effectiveness dpa policies canadian elementary schools included articles examined dpa implementation barriers facilitators teachers principals andor administration eligible tdf analysis data study characteristics major findings regarding implementation status implementation approach used impact students physical activity extracted summarized descriptively including study quality indicators two coders extracted categorized implementation barriers facilitators tdf domains search resulted 66 articles retrieved 38 excluded meeting eligibility criteria leaving 15 eligible review 10 examined barriers facilitators implementation dpa deliverers perspective eleven 15 studies examined ontario dpa policy 2 studies alberta british columbia thirteen studies examined implementation two examined effectiveness dpa implementation status approaches delivery effectiveness students pa levels inconsistent across three provinces total 203 barriersfacilitators extracted across ten implementation studies related environmental context resources ecr n 86 374 beliefs consequences n 41 178 social influences n 36 157 tdf domains limited research examining dpa policy canada current status approaches used implement dpa studentlevel effectiveness well understood however review revealed dpa deliverers often report many barriers dpa implementation importantly conducting tdfbased analysis barriersfacilitators affecting implementation review provides theoretical basis researchers policymakers design interventions better target problems future protocol review registered