Betty T Izumi, Rie Akamatsu, Carmen Byker Shanks, Kahori Fujisaki
An ethnographic study exploring factors that minimize lunch waste in Tokyo elementary schools
Public health nutrition
respiratory tract microbiota described gatekeeper respiratory health aimed assess impact standardofcare experimental antituberculosis treatment regimens respiratory microbiome implications treatment outcomes retrospective study analysed sputum microbiome participants tuberculosis treated six experimental regimens versus standardofcare part highrif study 2 nct00760149 panacea mamstb nct01785186 clinical trials across 3month treatment followup period samples participants mbeya kilimanjaro bagamoyo dar es salaam tanzania experimental regimens composed different combinations rifampicin r isoniazid h pyrazinamide z ethambutol e moxifloxacin new drug sq109 q reverse transcription used create complementary dna participants total sputum rna v3v4 region 16s rrna gene sequenced using illumina metagenomic technique qiime used analyse amplicon sequence variants estimate alpha diversity descriptive statistics applied assess differences alpha diversity pretreatment posttreatment initiation effect treatment regimen sequence data obtained 397 pretreatment posttreatment samples taken sept 26 2008 june 30 2015 across seven treatment regimens pretreatment microbiome 206 genera dominated firmicutes 2860 44 6500 amplicon sequence variants asvs phylum level streptococcus 2340 36 asvs genus level two regimens significant depressing effect microbiome 2 weeks treatment hr20mgkgzm shannon diversity index p00041 hr35mgkgze p0027 gramnegative bacteria sensitive bactericidal activity treatment highest number species suppressed moxifloxacin regimen week 12 treatment initiation microbiomes recovered pretreatment level except hr35mgkgze regimen genus mycobacterium show recovery across regimens tuberculosis culture conversion negative week 8 treatment associated clearance genus neisseria 98 reduction pretreatment level hr20mgkgzm effective tuberculosis without limiting microbiome recovery implies shorter efficacious antituberculosis regimen improved treatment outcomes might achieved without harming commensal microbiota european developing countries clinical trials partnership german ministry education research