Alana Hogan, Lynda Hughes, Elisabeth Coyne
Nurses' assessment of health literacy requirements for adult inpatients: An integrative review
Health promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals
ability reason exclusion defined selection correct alternative logically excluding potential alternatives call anim cogn 9393403 2006 well established humans several studies found present nonhuman species well whereas seems somewhat limited even absent others inconsistent methodology might contributed revealed interspecies differences examined reasoning exclusion pigeons n 6 dogs n 6 students n 6 children n 8 almost equal experimental conditions trained computercontrolled twochoice procedure discriminate four positive four negative photographs subjects tested displays consisting one one four novel stimuli one pigeon half dogs almost humans preferred thereby choosing either novelty avoiding without acquiring knowledge inferring positive class membership excluding decide among strategies subjects showed preference tested displays consisting one one four novel stimuli although pigeon preferentially chose novelty dogs humans maintained preference thereby showing evidence reasoning exclusion taken together results present study suggest none pigeons half dogs almost humans inferred positive class membership logically excluding