E. S. Anderson|Laura D Howe|Kaitlin H Wade|Yoav Ben?Shlomo|Wanda Hill|Ian J. Deary|Eleanor Sanderson|Jie Zheng|Roxanna Korologou-Linden|Evie Stergiakouli|George Davey Smith|Neil M Davies|Gibran Hemani
Education, intelligence and Alzheimer’s disease: evidence from a multivariable two-sample Mendelian randomization study
University of Bristol|Medical Research Council|University of Bristol|Medical Research Council|University of Bristol|Medical Research Council|University of Bristol|University of Edinburgh|University of Edinburgh|Medical Research Council|University of Bristol|University of Bristol|Medical Research Council|University of Bristol|Medical Research Council|Medical Research Council|University Of Bristol Dental Hospital|University of Bristol|University of Bristol|Medical Research Council|University of Bristol|Medical Research Council|University of Bristol|Medical Research Council
examine whether educational attainment intelligence causal effects risk alzheimers disease ad independently othertwosample univariable multivariable mendelian randomization mr estimate causal effects education intelligence vice versa total independent causal effects education intelligence ad risk17 008 ad cases 37 154 controls international genomics alzheimers project igap consortiumodds ratio ad per standardized deviation increase years schooling sd 36 years intelligence sd 15 points intelligence testthere strong evidence causal bidirectional relationship intelligence educational attainment magnitude effect similar directions intelligence education 051 sd units 95 confidence interval ci 049 054 education intelligence 057 sd units 95 ci 048 066 similar overall effects observed educational attainment intelligence ad risk univariable mr analysis sd increase years schooling intelligence odds ad average 37 95 ci 2349 35 95 ci 2543 lower respectively little evidence multivariable mr analysis educational attainment affected ad risk intelligence taken account 115 95 ci 068193 intelligence affected ad risk independently educational attainment similar magnitude observed univariate analysis 069 95 ci 044088there robust evidence independent causal effect intelligence lowering ad risk causal effect educational attainment ad risk likely mediated intelligence