Iman Tavassoly, Joseph Goldfarb, Ravi Iyengar
Systems biology primer: the basic methods and approaches
Essays in biochemistry
intraspinal anesthesia poses significant teaching challenges inadequate teaching resources ultimately limit students opportunities practice address issue aimed develop virtual platform combined spinalepidural anesthesia merges virtual reality technology haptic feedback technology assessing educational impact learning outcomes utilized mimics 3ds max unity 3d software perform 3d reconstruction based lumbar ctmri data standard male volunteer haptic coefficients configured layer 20 experienced anesthesiologists accordance geomagic touch x force feedback device total 20 anesthesiology interns completed 30 virtual puncture training sessions two experienced anesthetists evaluated efficacy platform level mastery achieved using global rating scale grs checklist score respectively finally questionnaire survey conducted gather feedback virtual platform 10th session puncture time stabilized 24 min number sessions increased global rating scale grs score stabilized 8th session checklist scores tended stabilize 10th session results questionnaires indicated half anesthesiology interns 70 believed platform exhibited strong repeatability improved anatomical recognition provided strong sense breakthrough identifying ligamentum flavum majority 80 expressed satisfaction virtual platform platform effectively facilitated acquisition basic accurate puncture skills virtual patient