Allae Abdelrahman, Tegan Whitney, Natalie Mariam Salas, Eileen Barrett, Feranmi O Okanlami
Changing Policy for Inclusion: Peer-to-Peer Physical Exam Practice in Medical School
Teaching and learning in medicine
increasing availability data computing resources easiertouse software libraries machine learning ml increasingly used disease detection prediction including parkinson disease pd despite large number studies published every year ml systems adopted realworld use particular lack external validity may result poor performance systems clinical practice additional methodological issues ml design reporting also hinder clinical adoption even applications would benefit datadriven systems sample current ml practices pd applications conducted systematic review studies published 2020 2021 used ml models diagnose pd track pd progression conducted systematic literature review accordance prisma preferred reporting items systematic reviews metaanalyses guidelines pubmed january 2020 april 2021 using following exact string parkinsons ml prediction classification detection artificial intelligence ai search resulted 1085 publications search query review found 113 publications used ml classification regressionbased prediction pd pdrelated symptoms 655 74113 studies used holdout test set avoid potentially inflated accuracies approximately half 2546 54 studies without holdout test set state potential concern surprisingly 389 44113 studies report models tuned additional 274 31113 used ad hoc model tuning generally frowned upon ml model optimization 15 17113 studies performed direct comparisons results models severely limiting interpretation results review highlights notable limitations current ml systems techniques may contribute gap reported performance research reallife applicability ml models aiming detect predict diseases pd