Marcus Pembrey|Lars Olov Bygren|Gunnar Kaati|Sören Edvinsson|Kate Northstone|Michael Sjöstróm|Jean Golding
Sex-specific, male-line transgenerational responses in humans
University College London|Karolinska Institutet|Umeå University|Umeå University|Umeå University|Karolinska Institutet
transgenerational effects maternal nutrition environmental exposures well recognised possibility exposure male influencing development health next generations rarely considered however historical associations longevity paternal ancestors food supply slow growth period sgp mid childhood reported using avon longitudinal study parents children alspac identified 166 fathers reported starting smoking age 11 years compared growth offspring later paternal onset smoking correcting confounders analysed food supply effects offspring grandchild mortality risk ratios rr using 303 probands 1818 parents grandparents 1890 1905 1920 overkalix cohorts northern sweden appropriate adjustment early paternal smoking associated greater body mass index bmi 9 years sons daughters sexspecific effects also shown overkalix data paternal grandfathers food supply linked mortality rr grandsons paternal grandmothers food supply associated granddaughters mortality rr transgenerational effects observed exposure sgp grandparents fetalinfant life grandmothers either grandparents puberty conclude sexspecific maleline transgenerational responses exist humans hypothesise transmissions mediated sex chromosomes x responses add entirely new dimension study geneenvironment interactions development health