Christopher Ochieng' Odero, Doreen Othero, Vincent Omondi Were, Collins Ouma
The influence of demographic and socio-economic factors on non-vaccination, under-vaccination and missed opportunities for vaccination amongst children 0-23 months in Kenya for the period 2003-2014
PLOS global public health
global aging situation becoming increasingly critical cognitive impairment elderly become public health burden concern physical activity pa vitamin may play key role improving cognitive impairment however little studies examined interaction two purpose study assess association pa vitamin cognitive impairment older adults well interactions pa vitamin study conducted multistage random sampling elderly people 60 years old total sample 2492 1207 male 1285 female mean age 6941 675 years complete data included analysis pa assessed global physical activity questionnaire 600 metminweek used division criteria serum vitamin measured highperformance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry 25hydroxyvitamin d2d3 concentration 20 ngml used vitamin deficiency criterion cognitive function assessed three subtests consortium establish registry alzheimers disease word learning test ceradwl immediate delayed learning animal fluency test aft verbal fluency digit symbol substitution test dsst information processing speed switching attention three subtests scored less lowest quartile score criterion cognitive impairment statistical analysis performed using spss chisquare test rank sum test interaction analysis subgroup analysis regression analysis lower level pa associated higher odds cognitive impairment cerad wl 1596 95 ci 13381905 p 0001 aft 1833 95 ci 15342190 p 0001 dsst 1936 95 ci 16092329 p 0001 vitamin deficiency significant effects aft 1322 95 ci 11031584 p 0003 dsst 1619 95 ci 13451948 p 0001 adjusted covariates pa vitamin multiplicative interaction aft 0662 95 ci 04480977 p 0038 dsst 0775 95 ci 03630868 p 0009 interaction pa vitamin significant cerad wl 0757 95 ci 05081128 p 0172 results showed lower level pa vitamin deficiency associated higher odds cognitive impairment elderly population multiplicative interaction pa vitamin cognitive function significant effect vitamin cognitive impairment high pa conditions