Ana Luiza Dallora, Ewa Kazimiera Andersson, Bruna Gregory Palm, Doris Bohman, Gunilla Björling, Ludmiła Marcinowicz, Louise Stjernberg, Peter Anderberg
Nursing Students' Attitudes Toward Technology: Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study
JMIR medical education
children autism spectrum disorder asd varying degrees language impairment across multiple domains may include deficits syntactic pragmatic andor semantic skills heterogeneity language profiles within asd coupled limited scope existing standardized language measures makes comprehensive assessment language impairments asd challenging observation spontaneous expressive language osel new measure developed capture childrens spontaneous use language naturalistic setting current study used osel examine patterns spontaneous expressive language abilities 87 clinically ascertained children asd 2 12 years expected children asd significantly impaired spontaneous use language compared typically developing peers syntax narrative skills continued increase age toddler elementary school years crosssectional comparisons pragmatic skills improved form toddler preschool years remained stable preschool elementary school years preliminary data also demonstrated significant improvements osel syntax scores time subset children followed longitudinally n 8 children asd consistently showed impairments spontaneous expressive language captured osel compared language skills measured structured standardized assessments despite moderate convergent validity among measures results suggest impairments spontaneous functional use expressive language persist middle childhood many children asd comprehensive assessment approach lead precisely targeted treatment addressing specific language profiles lay summary study aimed examine variable language profiles children asd children asd shown impairments structure meaning social use language challenges captured best measure created assess spontaneous use language naturalistic environment results study emphasize importance comprehensive assessment language asd inform treatment autism res 2021 14 720732 2020 international society autism research wiley periodicals llc