Ivan Kroupin, Helen E Davis, Joseph Henrich
Beyond Newton: Why assumptions of universality are critical to cognitive science, and how to finally move past them
Psychological review
aims assess impact alcohol advertising media exposure future adolescent alcohol use methods searched medline cochrane library sociological abstracts psyclit 1990 september 2008 supplemented searches google scholar hand searches key journals reference lists identified papers key publications recent publications selected longitudinal studies assessed individuals exposure commercial communications media alcohol drinking behaviour baseline assessed alcohol drinking behaviour followup participants adolescents aged 18 years younger legal drinking age country origin study whichever higher results thirteen longitudinal studies followed total 38000 young people met inclusion criteria studies measured exposure advertising promotion variety ways including estimates volume media advertising exposure ownership branded merchandise recall receptivity one study expenditure advertisements followup ranged 8 96 months one study reported outcomes multiple timepoints 3 5 8 years seven studies provided data initiation alcohol use amongst nondrinkers three studies maintenance frequency drinking amongst baseline drinkers seven studies alcohol use total sample nondrinkers drinkers baseline twelve thirteen studies concluded impact exposure subsequent alcohol use including initiation drinking heavier drinking amongst existing drinkers dose response relationship studies reported exposure analysis variation strength association degree potential confounders controlled thirteenth study tested impact outdoor advertising placed near schools failed detect impact alcohol use found impact intentions use conclusions longitudinal studies consistently suggest exposure media commercial communications alcohol associated likelihood adolescents start drink alcohol increased drinking amongst baseline drinkers based strength association consistency findings across numerous observational studies temporality exposure drinking behaviours observed doseresponse relationships well theoretical plausibility regarding impact media exposure commercial communications conclude alcohol advertising promotion increases likelihood adolescents start use alcohol drink already using alcohol