Dannagal G. Young|Kathleen Hall Jamieson|Shannon Poulsen|Abigail Goldring
Fact-Checking Effectiveness as a Function of Format and Tone: Evaluating FactCheck.org and FlackCheck.org
University of Delaware|Philadelphia University|University of Pennsylvania|The Ohio State University|University of Delaware
experiment explores role information format print vs video tone humorousnonhumorous shaping message interest belief correction context political factchecking n 525 understand mechanisms audience misperceptions may reduced experiment tests beliefcorrecting effectiveness humorous factchecking video produced flackcheckorg longform factcheckorg print article topic nonhumorous video debunking set claims unrelated humorous video nonstimulus control group mediating psychological mechanisms message interest counterargumentation message discounting message perceptions message confusion explored results suggest video humorous nonhumorous effective way reduce audience misperceptions increasing message attention reducing confusion