Yawen Yu, Gaowei Chen, Yang Tao, Xiaofeng Li, Lina Yang, Shengwen Dong
Promoting college students' systems thinking in asynchronous discussions: Encouraging students initiating questions
Frontiers in psychology
globally 13 billion people disability likely experience poor health general population however little known mortality life expectancy gaps experienced people disabilities aimed undertake systematic review metaanalysis association disability mortality compare findings evidence association impairment types mortality model estimated life expectancy gap experienced people disabilities mixedmethods study included systematic review metaanalysis umbrella review life expectancy modelling systematic review metaanalysis searched medline global health psycinfo embase studies published english jan 1 2007 june 7 2023 investigating association mortality disability included prospective retrospective cohort studies randomised controlled trials baseline assessment disability longitudinal assessment allcause mortality causespecific mortality two reviewers independently assessed study eligibility extracted data assessed risk bias randomeffects metaanalysis calculate pooled estimate mortality rate ratio people disabilities compared without disabilities umbrella review metaanalyses examining association different impairment types mortality used life table modelling translate mortality rate ratio estimate life expectancy gap people disabilities general population systematic review metaanalysis registered prospero crd42023433374 search identified 3731 articles 42 studies included systematic review metaanalysis included 31 studies pooled estimates showed allcause mortality 224 times 95 ci 184272 higher people disabilities among people without disabilities although heterogeneity studies high 2028 i2100 modelling indicated median gap life expectancy 138 years 95 ci 131145 disability status causespecific mortality also higher people disabilities including cancer covid19 cardiovascular disease suicide umbrella review identified nine metaanalyses showed consistently elevated mortality rates among people different impairment types mortality inequities experienced people disabilities necessitate health system changes efforts address inclusion social determinants health national institute health care research rhodes scholarship indonesia endowment funds education foreign commonwealth development office programme evidence inform disability action arts humanities research council