Bilel Guetarni, Feryal Windal, Halim Benhabiles, Marianne Petit, Romain Dubois, Emmanuelle Leteurtre, Dominique Collard
A Vision Transformer-Based Framework for Knowledge Transfer From Multi-Modal to Mono-Modal Lymphoma Subtyping Models
IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics
article considers issue opacity problem socially consequential mechanisms classification ranking spam filters credit card fraud detection search engines news trends market segmentation advertising insurance loan qualification credit scoring mechanisms classification frequently rely computational algorithms many cases machine learning algorithms work article draw distinction three forms opacity 1 opacity intentional corporate state secrecy 2 opacity technical illiteracy 3 opacity arises characteristics machine learning algorithms scale required apply usefully analysis article gets inside algorithms cite existing literatures computer science known industry practices publicly presented testing manipulation code form lightweight code audit argue recognizing distinct forms opacity may coming play given application key determining variety technical nontechnical solutions could help prevent harm