Youngmin Ko, S Barry Issenberg, Young Sook Roh
Effects of peer learning on nursing students' learning outcomes in electrocardiogram education
Nurse education today
determine nationwide prevalence healthcare utilization children anorectal malformations associated anomalies 6year period used kids inpatient database years 2006 2009 2012 data collection international classification diseases ninth revision codes used identify patients anorectal malformations associated anomalies total 2396 children 2 years age anorectal malformations identified using weighted analysis 543 subjects male ethnic subgroups 401 white 236 hispanic 93 african american 27 ethnicity congenital anomalies reported 80 anorectal malformations closely associated increased length stay costs genetic disorder identified 141 sample urogenital anomalies present 385 heart anomalies 212 86 vertebral anomalies anal atresia cardiac defects tracheoesophageal fistula andor esophageal atresia renal anomalies limb defects association anorectal malformations anomalies including vertebral anomalies anal atresia cardiac defects tracheoesophageal fistula andor esophageal atresia renal anomalies limb defects association incurred significant hospital charges compared anorectal malformations alone average annual healthcare expenditure surgical correction anorectal malformations associated anomalies 3 years us 455 million large major nationally representative study shows majority children anorectal malformations additional congenital anomalies deserve prompt recognition high complexity need lifelong multidisciplinary management associated substantial healthcare expenditure information complements future healthcare resource allocation planning management children anorectal malformations