Yucheng Cao|Young?Suk Grace Kim|Minkyung Cho
Are Observed Classroom Practices Related to Student Language/Literacy Achievement?
University of California, Irvine|University of California, Irvine|University of California, Irvine
study examined relation observed classroom practices language literacy achievement moderation relation students prek sixth grade total 136 studies n 107882 participants met inclusion criteria 108 studies included metaanalysis 28 studies narratively synthesized average zeroorder r 12 partial correlations r p 04 statistically significant weak magnitude relation slightly weaker upper lower grade levels stronger observations capturing macro quality instructional dimension capturing micro measurement emotional structural dimension respectively relation vary observation duration frequency adopted statistical approach type covariates taken together narrative synthesis results highlight complex nature classroom observation need classroom research particularly higher grade levels