Sarah Alkharj, Yasir S Alsalamah, Rabia Allari, Maryam Saad Alharbi, Thamer Alslamah, Lisa Babkair, Safiah Labani, Mirna Fawaz
Stress and academic engagement among Saudi undergraduate nursing students: The mediating role of emotion regulation and emotional intelligence
Nursing open
background past decades witnessed introduction various innovative technologies colon study colonoscopy wellprepared bowel crucial effective utilization inadequate bowel preparation colonoscopy associated increased technical difficulties enhanced risks perforation longer examination durations reduced adenoma detection rates additional costs related repeated colonoscopies paucity literature africa multiple patient factors affect quality bowel preparation hence need identify patients risk inadequate bowel preparation allow diligence special group aim study risk factors inadequate bowel preparation colonoscopy identify group patients need intensified preparation nigerian population methods casecontrol study consecutive patients undergoing colonoscopy open accessreferralbased multidisciplinary endoscopy facility port harcourt metropolis nigeria march 2014 november 2020 consecutive adult patients underwent colonoscopy inadequate bowel preparation irrespective indication retrospectively identified case inadequate bowel preparation using particular bowel preparation agent matched next colon study adequate bowel preparation control agent 11 ratio variables collated age gender literacy level colonoscopy indication medical history bowel preparation agent timing endoscopy outcome statistical analysis performed using statistical package social sciences spss version 25 ibm corp armonk ny results 143 cases inadequate bowel preparation colonoscopy included study equal number control cases adequate bowel preparation age patients ranged 24 years 92 years bleeding per rectum 122427 screening colorectal cancer 67234 leading indications colonoscopy study patients bivariate analysis cases controls revealed significant difference educational status comorbidity hypertension constipation p 001 p 0082 p 0143 respectively multivariate analysis risk factors odds ratio secondary level education 254 95 confidence interval ci 150430 p 0001 hypertension 164 95 ci 098273 p 0058 constipation 127 95 ci 052310 p 0598 conclusion educational status patients strong risk factor associated inadequate bowel preparation colonoscopy nigerian population need effective patient education especially patients low literacy level