Masoumeh Mahmoudi, Ali Asghar Ghorbani, Mehdi Pourasghar, Azita Balaghafari, Jamshid Yazdani Charati, Nassim Ghahrani, Farzaneh Amini
Designing, implementation and evaluation of story reading: a solution to increase general empathy in medical students
BMC medical education
perception effort elementary selfregulation exercise intensity sports competence rating perceived effort rpe seems related physical cognitive development children accurately rate perceived effort incremental exercise tests loads progressively increase remains unclear children perform participate sports games characterized complex tasks varying intensity profiles present study investigates childrens competencies rating perceived effort producing predetermined intensities soccer training twentyfive children aged 1113 years performed two similar training sessions first session children trained without intensity instructions continuously rated effort second session children instructed produce predefined intensities first training session executive functions assessed cognitive performance tests selfreport measure rpe correlated significantly heart rate measures r2 027 p 0001 confirmed factor analysis individual differences correlations related outcomes cognitive tests selfreport measure rpe training session 2 differed rpe training session 1 122 p 0001 although heart rate data differ significantly training sessions 019 p 0780 thirteenyearold children performed significantly better elevenyearold children 169 p 0027 results suggest children able rate perceived effort soccer training ability related executive functions conversely children may able alter intensities response instructions although ratings suggest largely succeeded