Kalee De France, Melissa Lucas, Sari M van Anders, Christina Cipriano
Measuring gender in elementary school-aged children in the United States: Promising practices and barriers to moving beyond the binary
The American psychologist
discrimination common medical education resident physicians races ethnicities underrepresented medicine experience daily discrimination proven negatively impact training limited data impact resident raceethnicity obgyn surgical training objective study investigate impact raceethnicity procedural experience obgyn training retrospective analysis graduated obgyn resident case logs 2009 2019 performed single urban academic institution selfreported raceethnicity data collected association urm nonurm analyzed using ttests trainees categorized selfreported raceethnicity underrepresented medicine urm black hispanic native american nonurm white asian cohort consisted 84 residents 19 urm n 16 79 nonurm n 66 difference urm nonurm status average case volume analyzed using ttests difference nonurm urm trainees reported mean number total gyn 349 vs 334 p 031 total ob 624 vs 597 p 011 case logs however compared nonurm average urm performed fewer total procedures 1562 vs 1469 p 004 analyzing individual procedures showed difference average number abortions performed urm nonurm 76 vs 53 p 002 statistically significant differences two groups single institution study highlights potential differences trainee experience raceethnicity larger national studies warranted explore differences identify bias discrimination ensure equitable experience trainees