Sung-Woo Bae, Ji Geun Kim, Byung-Sun Park, Keungeun Lee, Jungkyu Park
Psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the short form of grit scale in Korean adolescents
PloS one
phylogenetic trees describe relationships extant species beyond shape relative branch lengths provide information broader evolutionary processes speciation extinction however currently many widely used macroevolutionary models make predictions shapes phylogenetic trees differ considerably observed empirical phylogenies propose flexible biologically plausible macroevolutionary model phylogenetic trees times speciation extinction events drawn coxian phasetype ph distribution first show different choices parameters model lead range tree balances measured aldous formula see text statistic particular demonstrate possible find parameters correspond well empirical tree balance next provide natural extension formula see text statistic sets trees extension produces less biased estimates formula see text compared using median formula see text values individual trees furthermore derive likelihood expression probability observing edgeweighted tree model speciation extinction finally illustrate application model performing absolute relative goodnessoffit tests two large empirical phylogenies squamates angiosperms compare models coxian ph distributed times speciation models assume exponential weibull distributed waiting times numerical analysis found cases models assuming coxian ph distribution provided best fit