S P Schinke, L D Gilchrist, R F Schilling, V A Senechal
Smoking and smokeless tobacco use among adolescents: trends and intervention results
Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)
cutoff date education system causes relative age difference developmental advantages children born early side cutoff date disadvantages born later known relative age effect rae studies examined whether rae development fundamental movement skills fmss preschool children studies conducted china purpose study identify whether rae exists fms chinese preschool children comparing raes according gender age total 378 invited preschool children regularly registered one chinese kindergarten total 288 healthy typically developing preschoolers 433 084 yearsold 566 boys included study children required take part anthropometry fms assessments analysis covariance ancova applied examine difference fms items across quarter categories year gender groups controlling body mass index bmi overall sample data show significant main effects quarter birth factor locomotor skills lc f 3 265 2811 p 004 p2 0031 object control skills ob f 3 265 6319 p 004 p2 0031 total test score tts f 3 265 5988 p 0001 p2 0063 also significant differences age effect domains fms flc 2 265 100654 p 0001 p2 0432 fob 2 265 108430 p 0001 p2 0450 ftts 2 265 147234 p 0001 p2 0526 gender effect lc f 1 265 20858 p 0001 p2 0073 gender quarter birth groups raes lc exists girls moreover regarding age quarter birth factors raes found younger ages study suggests existence raes fms chinese preschool children teachers need aware effect raes fms approaching development evaluation teaching approaches preschools