Isa D Serrano, Joao M Freire, Miguel V Carvalho, Mafalda Neves, Manuel N Melo, Miguel A R B Castanho
The mechanisms and quantification of the selective permeability in transport across biological barriers: the example of kyotorphin
Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry
often argued negative development intrinsic motivation elementary school strongly depends presence school grades grades represent extrinsic consequences achievement feedback supposed influence intrinsically motivated behaviour however studies tested hypothesis therefore investigated role school grades inter intraindividual changes elementary school students intrinsic motivation grades first introduced end elementary school students germany receive recommendations secondary school type basis prior performance school sample 542 german elementary school students t1 795 years sd 057 followed 2 years end grade 2 end grade 4 seven measurement occasions childrens math grades domainspecific intrinsic motivation assessed latent growth curve models showed differences trajectories intrinsic motivation across students rather uniform development moreover students trajectories grades intrinsic motivation weakly associated latent crosslagged model revealed reciprocal effects two constructs time small best contrary theoretical considerations results indicate negative performance feedback form grades necessarily lead decrease intrinsic motivation calls question common opinion perception less competent reflected poor grades responsible weakening students intrinsic motivation