Chloé Tolmatcheff, Benoit Galand, Isabelle Roskam, René Veenstra
The effectiveness of moral disengagement and social norms as anti-bullying components: A randomized controlled trial
Child development
predictors nonresponse investigated 15year followup 19811996 3481 individuals probability sample household population east baltimore demographics age sex race education marital status unemployment household factors living arrangements household income household size number children cultural variables ancestral ethnicity foreign language social variables social support networks committing felony carrying weapon using alias wandering health factors physical illness health insurance medical assistance medicare receiving disability benefits social security welfare interviewers observation psychopathologic variables mental disorders suicide behavior comorbidity drug use collected baseline 1981 1982 linked followup data 1993 1996 tracing process involving mail phone crisscross directories motor vehicle administration records commercial credit bureau state criminal justice system hospital records us national death index field tracing used locate original sample total 3066 respondents original sample 881 traced nonresponse categorized sample mortality part original sample died followup sample loss part original sample survived could found refusal part original sample survived found refused participate stratified analysis adjusted multiple logistic regression modeling found sample mortality sample loss strongly influenced individual household variables psychopathology sample mortality influenced specific mental disorders conditions mania drug abusedependency antisocial personality cognitive impairment alcohol abusedependency phobia drug use except pcp comorbidity household factors protective mortality include higher household income living extended members married couple family living children household persons unemployed widowed single without high school education male 65 years age older likely die sample loss influenced cognitive impairment antisocial personality cocaine use household factors linked sample loss include living femaleheaded families nonfamily households living alone young nonwhite divorcedseparated without high school education unemployed also harder find refusal associated white incomplete elementary education living spouse traditional married couple families child femaleheaded families psychopathology influence refusal