N Dedobbeleer, S Desjardins
Outcomes of an ecological and participatory approach to prevent alcohol and other drug "abuse" among multiethnic adolescents
Substance use & misuse
current study evaluated kiswahili version general health questionnaire ghq12 kenyan context comprising women exposed genderbased violence participants randomly drawn community sampling using household screening methods periurban areas nairobi total 1394 participants varying levels literacy years education mean 942 standard deviation sd 373 aged 18 89 years recruited study observed factor structure ghq12 evaluated using six tested models querying dimensionality instrument insofar impacts positive negative wording effects driving multidimensionality results confirmatory factor analysis supported bifactor model consisting general distress factor two separate factors representing common variance due positive negative wording items overall findings support use kiswahili version ghq12 unidimensional construct methodspecific variance owing wording effects importantly ghq12 responses sample kenyan women relatively low levels literacy congruent factor structure observed crosscultural settings low andmiddleincome countries