Faris S Alnezary, Fahad Alzahrani, Yasser Alatawi, Abdullah A Alhifany
Evaluating preceptorship during advanced pharmacy practice experiences in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society
blast exposure increasingly present occupational hazard military service members particularly modern warfare scenarios study blast exposure humans limited lack consensus definition blast exposure considerable variability measurement research clearly demonstrated robust reliable effect blast exposure brain structure function absence injury mechanisms however exact mechanisms underlying outcomes remain unclear despite clear contributions preclinical studies knowledge slow translate clinical applications present manuscript empirically demonstrates consequences variability measurement definition across studies reanalysis previously published data chronic effects neurotrauma study 34 definitions blast exposure used prior work examined including blast tbi primary blast tbi pressure severity distance frequency exposure outcomes included symptom report cognitive testing results demonstrate significant differences outcomes based definition blast exposure used cases definition strongly related one type outcome unrelated another implications results study blast exposure discussed potential actions address major limitations field recommended include development consensus definition blast exposure refinement assessment blast exposure continued work identify relevant mechanisms leading longterm negative outcomes humans improved education efforts