Alison Gopnik, Henry M Wellman
Reconstructing constructivism: causal models, Bayesian learning mechanisms, and the theory theory
Psychological bulletin
mapping skills different codes represent numerical information number symbols ie verbal number words written digits nonsymbolic quantities important development concept number aim current study investigate childrens mapping skills incorporating another numerical code emerges early stages development finger patterns specifically study investigates order mapping skills develop association young childrens understanding cardinality ii whether finger patterns processed similarly symbolic codes rather nonsymbolic quantities preschool children 3yearolds n 113 mage 408 months sdage 36 months 4yearolds n 103 mage 529 months sdage 34 months cardinality knowers subsetknowers presented twelve tasks assessed mappings number words arabic digits finger patterns quantities results showed childrens ability map symbolic numbers precedes understanding symbols reflect quantities children recognize finger patterns cardinality knowledge suggesting finger patterns symbolic essence research highlights children accurate mapping finger patterns symbols number words arabic digits mapping finger patterns quantities indicating fingers processed holistically symbolic codes children map finger patterns symbols corresponding cardinality level even subsetknowers finger patterns may play role process children learn map symbols quantities fingers patterns use classroom context may adequate instructional diagnostic tool