Suzanne O Nolan, Patrick R Melugin, Kirsty R Erickson, Wilson R Adams, Zahra Z Farahbakhsh, Colleen E Mcgonigle, Michelle H Kwon, Vincent D Costa, Christopher C Lapish, Troy A Hackett, Verginia C Cuzon Carlson, Christos Constantinidis, Kathleen A Grant, Cody A Siciliano
Recurrent activity within microcircuits of macaque dorsolateral prefrontal cortex tracks cognitive flexibility
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
parents children cleft lip without cleft palate clp often face stigmatization significant impact quality life mental health however date lack comprehensive multicenter empirical research parents children clp china particularly largescale samples study aimed identify major factors contribute perception stigma experienced parents children clp crosssectional survey conducted total 104 parents children diagnosed clp 2 hospitals selected convenience sampling demographics disease information chinese perception stigma questionnaire center epidemiological studies depression scale social anxiety scale used study descriptive statistics tests oneway anova used compare differences participants demographic information perception stigma multivariable linear regression performed assess associations demographic factors social anxiety depression perception stigma mean scores dimensions perception stigma depression social anxiety 2297 sd 921 3834 sd 825 2286 sd 669 respectively depression social anxiety positively associated discrimination surgery status negatively associated variable parents college education higher significantly lower levels perceived stigma compared parents junior high school education p values 05 4 factors explained 404 total model variance f89726 p001 r20450 adjusted r20404 findings highlight concerning trend diminished quality life among parents children clp factors parents education level surgery status depression social anxiety shown influence level stigma experienced implementing comprehensive nursing care providing presurgical support effective strategies alleviating parents social anxiety reducing perceived stigma preventing depression