Kristina Moll|Paul A. Thompson|M Mikulajová|Zuzana Jagercikova|Anna Kucharská|Helena Franke|Charles Hulme|Margaret J. Snowling
Precursors of Reading Difficulties in Czech and Slovak Children At?Risk of Dyslexia
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München|University of Oxford|Pan-European University|Charles University|Charles University|Comenius University Bratislava|University College London|University of Oxford
children preschool language difficulties high risk literacy problems however nature relationship delayed language development dyslexia understood three hundred eight slovak czech children recruited three groups family risk dyslexia speechlanguage difficulties controls assessed three times kindergarten grade 1 twofold increase probability reading problems risk group precursors dyslexia included difficulties oral language coderelated skills phoneme awareness letterknowledge rapid automatized naming poor performance phonological memory vocabulary observed affected unaffected highrisk peers twogroup latent variable path model shows early language skills predict coderelated skills turn predict literacy skills findings suggest dyslexia slavic languages origins early language deficits children succumb reading problems show impaired coderelated skills onset formal reading instruction copyright 2016 john wiley amp sons ltd