Charles M. Cleland|Stephanie T. Lanza|Sara A. Vasilenko|Marya Gwadz
Syndemic Risk Classes and Substance Use Problems among Adults in High-Risk Urban Areas: A Latent Class Analysis
New York College of Health Professions|New York University|Pennsylvania State University|Pennsylvania State University|New York College of Health Professions|New York University
substance use problems tend cooccur risk factors especially prevalent urban communities high rates poverty present study draws syndemics theory understand profiles risk resilience associations substance use problems population risk adverse outcomes africanamericanblack hispanic heterosexual adults n 2853 recruited respondentdriven sampling urban area elevated poverty rates completed structured assessment battery covering sociodemographics syndemic factors multiple cooccurring risk factors substance use onethird participants 36 met criteria either alcohol drug problem past year latent class analysis identified profiles risk resilience separately women men associated probability substance use problem almost third women 27 38 men lower risk profilespatterns resilience apparent types analyses profiles risk fewer resilience factors associated increased probability substance use problems profiles fewer risk resilience factors rates substance use problems similar general adult population relative lowest risk profile profiles risk fewest resilience factors associated increased odds substance use problem women adjusted odds ratio aor 850 95 ci 3851874 men aor 1168 95 ci 6911974 addressing syndemic factors substance use treatment prevention may yield improved outcomes