Helen M Shields, Daniel Guss, Samuel C Somers, B Price Kerfoot, Brian S Mandell, Win J Travassos, Sonal M Ullman, Seema Maroo, James P Honan, Laurie W Raymond, Eric M Goldberg, Daniel A Leffler, Jane N Hayward, Stephen R Pelletier, Alexander R Carbo, Laurie N Fishman, Barbara J Nath, Michele A Cohn, Janet P Hafler
A faculty development program to train tutors to be discussion leaders rather than facilitators
Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges
reconstruction upper extremity osseous diaphyseal defects often require complex reconstructions study characterized summarized available literature free vascularized bone flap vbf reconstruction upper extremity diaphyseal defects scoping review using preferred reporting items systematic reviews metaanalysis extension scoping reviews prismascr conducted literature search major electronic databases conducted identify journal articles relating management vbf reconstruction upper limb long bone defects articles patientlevel data included descriptive statistics performed using python overall 364 patients included study common indications vbfs included atrophic nonunion 125 343 postoncologic resection 125 343 septic nonunion 56 154 trauma 36 99 mean defect size 853514 cm 67 184 cases defects 6cm 166 cases 456 defects 6cm fibula utilized vbf 272 7473 followed medial femoral condyle flap 69 1896 overall primary union rate 871 subsequent flap fracture rate 33 2 06 reported vbf losses reported included cases donor site complications similarly rare 17 47 vbf reconstruction often utilized postoncologic defects recalcitrant nonunions fibula utilized vbf medial femoral condyle flap used frequently smaller defects vbf reconstruction demonstrates high union rates low flap fracture rate across indications