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significancevolume 8 issue 2 p 5052 newsfree access news first published 07 june 2011 httpsdoiorg101111j17409713201100484xaboutsectionspdf toolsrequest permissionexport citationadd favoritestrack citation shareshare give accessshare full text accessshare fulltext accessplease review terms conditions use check box share fulltext version articlei read accept wiley online library terms conditions useshareable linkuse link share fulltext version article friends colleagues learn morecopy url share linkshare onemailfacebooktwitterlinked inredditwechat city takeover 2008 change came planet year first time half inhabitants living cities city dwellers outnumber country folk earth urban planet every month cities gain around 5 million residents within two decades 5 billion people nearly 60 worlds population urban hence theme issue problems pleasures living cities worldwide rural people streaming cities whose sprawl slums seem grow uncontrollably density sheer size concentrations people stretch mans resources technology administrative abilities limit teeming city populations fed watered sustained indias census cities kolkata calcutta mumbai bombay poverty pollution traffic congestion epitomise urban growth mumbais population almost doubled twenty years current 204 million indian census 2011 made preliminary report march year india 12 billion people 17 increase decade india added 181 million population since 2001 figure slightly lower total population brazil good news rate population growth first time slowing projections based census indicate stabilisation 15 billion 2030 even india overtaken china time worlds populated nation people crammed land area onethird size chinas census gives current density 382 people per square kilometre population also youthful chinas population india based census data 1901 2011 demographers tell us poor uneducated tend children education adequate incomes reasonable prospect security life generally held lead smaller families lower birth rates yet indias falling birth rate shared even poorest provinces literacy india also growing 74 9 decade one 29 census questions literacy may hoped indias youthful demographic able contribute solving problems many people trying coexist cities census staggering achievement 27 million enumerators visited 7000 towns 600 000 villages cost around 22 billion rupees 490 million significance previously written problems us uk canadian censuses significance december 2010 work indian census board recognised achievement incidentally world population 600 crore numerologists may interested know indian media indian census places reported findings thousands people millions people crore people thus census indias website httpcensusindiagovinadcampaignpressdatahighlghtspdf tells us population increased 439 crore 1961 census 1028 crore 2001 census crore 10 million unit widely used india hundred lakhs make crore one lakh hundred thousand philosophical might ponder indian speakers express hundred thousand single word standard english cannot scientific city study nature httpwwwnaturecomnewsspecialscitiesbestcitieshtml looked good science least good producing scientific papers various cities one problem common many studies cities defining exactly city begins ends team led christian matthiessen university copenhagen1 defined cities distances reachable 40minute commute city centre turns oxford reading uk cities 25 miles apart one urban region combines amsterdam hague rotterdam utrecht another used addresses authors research papers see expanded cities highest rate scientific publication tokyo london beijing top list followed san francisco bay area paris new york similar ranking emerges analysis provided nature scientific publishers elsevier maintains scopus database journals study used simpler method assigning cities address author provides surprise lists beijing produced mere 076 global output scientific papers 1996 2008 source 319 000 research papers 274 worlds total tehran istanbul seoul singapore city paulo growing output fast well though researchers michele grossetti university toulouse claim may consequence growing size growing expertise quantity matters quality important well elsevier judged quality scientific papers number times cited basis list changes completely usa came clearly top papers boston cambridge massachusetts stanford berkeley attract twice many citations per paper global average us cities dominate quality table cambridge uk breaking hold top ten cities improved relative quality past decade include austin texas singapore city moved 15 average 22 beijing however par quality stakes papers fiveyear period ending 2008 attracted 63 global average citation rate makes city attractive scientists urban planning apparently counts make attractive creative minds want live work elsewhere universities one nationally mixed workplaces quality urban life enough concentration several universities research hospitals helps connection nature piece gives us concept toronto statistician kevin stolarlik hot coffee ratio city attract top scientists suggests university research buildings close enough cup coffee stay hot travelling grave matters tyger tyger burning bright forests night happend one day noon going towards boat exceedingly surprizd print mans naked foot shore passed trumpets sounded side pab pba papb links quotations read february bunhill fields small fouracre plot trees grass city road hundred yards north bustling financial centre city london given grade listing highest level recognition historic landscape new status protects bunhill fields form redevelopment back seventeenth century bunhill fields cemetery particularly used nonconformists 75 2000odd tombs headstones remain within also given individual listed status historic monuments john bunyan author pilgrims progress lies buried daniel defoe wrote robinson crusoe mystic poet artist william blake bunhill fields area huge cultural importance within historic city london last resting place englands eminent literary nonconformists says sue ireland city londons director open spaces also among eminent nonconformists lies certain reverend thomas bayes buried 1761 bestknown publication essay towards solving problem doctrine chances published posthumously 1764 perhaps less well known robinson crusoe pilgrims progress enough give immortality course thomas bayes bayes theorem first appeared essay founder modern statistics lies bunhill fields tomb also included recent listing grade ii listed monument described english heritage body responsible listings simple stone chest coped lid inscription panels sides moulded base rests upon low brick stone plinth family vault contains bodies various members bayes cotton families restored 1969 2006 funds contributed statisticians worldwide unlike churchyards city bunhill fields church associated thus became londons principal cemetery nonconformists dissented official church england doctrine thomas bayes spent life presbyterian minister tunbridge wells kent father joshua bayes one first six nonconformist ministers ordained england around 123 000 burials took place bunhill fields closed laid public garden 1869 public space since though used world war ii site antiaircraft gun oasis green city workers lunch breaks among use staff royal statistical society whose office 50 yards gates cemetery might possibly please shade reverend bayes thomas bayes tomb bunhill fields cemetery photo anna mair driving round block left blocks capital city taken apart arranged line like hung dry reassemble right give map despite absence names may able identify paris parks rivers open spaces white become invisible city taken apart deconstructed city grey may harder identify building blocks clearly irregular sometimes crescentshaped giving slightly helpful clue city built hills actually istanbul blue one easier deduce blocks almost entirely rectangular shapes sizes uniform city planned planned grid shapes city blocks central new york statisticians demographers geographers may deduce deconstructed cities may information varying distributions shapes sizes larger blocks may industrial areas tiny ones survivors medieval rabbitwarren street patterns may merely rather fiendish jigsaws work french artist armelle caron found website httpwwwarmellecaronfrartindexphppageplansdeberlin rate building blocks cities yet one way looking reference 1matthiessen c w schwatz w find 2010 world cities scientific knowledge systems networks potential dynamics analysis based bibliometric indicators urban studies 479 1879 1897 crossrefweb sciencegoogle scholar volume8 issue2special issue megacitiesjune 2011pages 5052 referencesrelatedinformation