Georgios Hillas, Stelios Loukides, Athena Gogali, Konstantinos Kostikas
Proposal for a 4-Level Classification System of Severe COPD Exacerbation According to Healthcare Resource Utilization
COPD
critical thinking ability engage others differing views civil manner essential practice medicine new format medical student education arguetolearn uses staged debates followed small group discussions introduced curriculum first year medical school penn state college medicine goal create structured environment spirited civil discourse encourage students think critically clinically controversial topics manuscript describes development program presents comparative data student perceptions first two mandatory sessions focused treatment postmenopausal osteoporosis covid19 vaccine mandates quantitative results gathered standardized postblock student surveys session compared cumulative results courses included learning block postblock surveys students include four sessionevaluation questions scored 5 point likert scale scores compared using students ttest thematic analysis qualitative data performed single openended response survey compared courses learning block scores four questions either numerically higher arguetolearn sessions none reached statistical significance two important qualitative themes identified first students enjoyed format found interesting engaging want similar sessions second students appreciated hearing opposing viewpoints presenting viewpoints safe supportive environment findings support evidence educational scholarship outside medicine showing argumentation learning tool well received students work needed determine whether improves critical thinking skills enhances learning medical education