Reza Barghandan, Hooshang Dadgar, Parvin Raji, Saman Maroufizadeh
The Role Of Fine Motor Abilities In Reading Components: A Cross-Sectional Study In Children With And Without Dyslexia
Iranian journal of child neurology
purpose research examine peer processes occur bullying episodes school playground processes examined social learning perspective allowing us consider effects various types reinforcement among bullies victims peers fiftythree segments video tape examined segment contained peer group two peers viewed bullying school playground peers coded actively joining passively reinforcing bully actively intervening behalf victim average four peers viewed schoolyard bullying range two 14 peers averaged across episodes peers spent 54 time reinforcing bullies passively watching 21 time actively modelling bullies 25 time intervening behalf victims older boys grades 46 likely actively join bully younger boys grades 13 older girls younger older girls likely intervene behalf victims older boys results interpreted confirming peers central roles processes unfold playground bullying episodes discuss results terms challenges posed peerled interventions peers antibullying initiatives must reinforced simultaneous wholeschool interventions