Tali Heiman, Dorit Olenik-Shemesh
Social-Emotional Profile of Children with and without Learning Disabilities: The Relationships with Perceived Loneliness, Self-Efficacy and Well-Being
International journal of environmental research and public health
research shows summer break students forget approximately 1 month learning math reading furthermore studies find lowincome students lose ground relative peers yearround education yre redistributes schooldays shorten summer prior analyses pooled singletrack yre academic intervention students attend school common calendar multitrack yre fiscal intervention countering overcrowding groups students attend school staggered schedules systematic search 22 online databases summer 2017 yielded 494 deduplicated results 81 warranted fulltext examination applying selection criteria nine studies met criteria report data allowed effect size calculation thirty studies constituted analytic sample studies needed k12 singletrack yre multitrack mix single multitrack study specify track accompanying extended instructional time studies needed 2001 2016 include outcome data include comparison group extracted 55 math g 58 reading g 29 math odds ratio 27 reading odds ratio effect sizes students singletrack yre schools show modestly higher achievement math readingby magnitude similar estimates summer learning lossbut comparable proficiency unexpectedly effect greater historically disadvantaged students math effects may larger middle elementary school reason unclear importantly studies schools shortened summer fewest weeks showed largest effects subjects