Youngmin Ko, S Barry Issenberg, Young Sook Roh
Effects of peer learning on nursing students' learning outcomes in electrocardiogram education
Nurse education today
three studies examined young childrens understanding biologically causal role birth determining animal properties species kind identity studies 1 2 4 7yearolds adults told stories baby born animal one species eg horse adopted raised animal another species eg cow study 1 children asked judge parent baby would resemble set physical properties beliefs majority children unable say baby would resemble birth parent physical properties share beliefs adoptive parent results indicate children using domainspecific causal understandings reason origins properties study 2 however asked explicitly predict kind baby even 5yearolds able reliably judge baby would species kind birth parent rather adoptive parent result suggests children understand level birth determines species kind study 3 examined extent knowledge birth influenced childrens inferences properties fiveyearolds asked judge whether baby would share set physical nonphysical properties mother father results showed children knew factual information babies come ie inside mommies tummies likely attribute mothers properties baby fathers regardless whether properties physical nonphysical finding true property one parents inherently desirable true parent sum results 3 studies indicate knowledge birth play role childrens inferential reasoning even 5yearolds role domainspecific implications childrens understanding biological inheritance discussed