Martin Grauduszus, Lennart Koch, Stefanie Wessely, Christine Joisten
School-based promotion of physical literacy: a scoping review
Frontiers in public health
study temperament firstdegree relatives important line inquiry substantiate temperament etiological marker study aims compare temperament children attention deficit hyperactivity disorder adhd healthy siblings assess association adhd symptoms temperament dimensions healthy siblings study carried outpatient department psychiatry tertiary care teaching hospital crosssectional design nonprobabilistic sampling technique used data collection hundred children 50 children adhd 50 siblingsone child adhd assessed retrospectively temperament measurement schedule tms conners parent rating scalerevised short form cprsr ibm spss statistics windows version 200 used statistical analysis mean standard deviation frequency percentage computed continuous categorical variables respectively students ttest computed compare means two groups regression analysis computed see variance adhd subscale scores explained temperament scores tms siblings scored highest intensity reaction lowest threshold responsiveness compared probands siblings scored significantly higher persistence lower activity level even controlling gender persistence trait significant negative correlation explained 74 21 variance cprsr subscales persistence distractibility together explained 232 inattention scores higher persistence siblings appears offer protection atrisk individuals adhd favoring dual pathway model adhd