Weiyun Chen, Steve Mason, Andrew Hypnar, Austin Hammond-Bennett
Association of Quality Physical Education Teaching with Students' Physical Fitness
Journal of sports science & medicine
followed birth cohort 2008 2009 near dioxincontaminated area da nang vietnam investigated effects perinatal dioxin exposure neurodevelopment infancy preschool age present study aimed investigate effects perinatal dioxin exposure learning abilities elementaryschool children da nang birth cohort 241 motherinfant pairs recruited baseline 134 boys 107 girls 185 768 participated followup children 8 years age 108 boys 77 girls childrens perinatal dioxin exposure estimated using dioxin levels mothers breast milk colorado learning difficulties questionnaire cldq used evaluate childrens learning difficulties math languageachievement scores obtained using paperbased tests reading fluency examined children read passages vietnamese boys exposed high levels 2378tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 2378tetracdd cldq reading scores significantly higher worse language achievement scores significantly lower boys exposed high levels 2378tetracdd well high levels toxic equivalent teq polychlorodibenzodioxins polychlorodibenzofurans pcddsfs higher numbers reading errors reading errors higher math achievement scores lower increasing concentrations 123478hexacdd 1234678heptacdd girls significant differences learning ability markers found high low exposure groups teqpcddsfs 3 congeners perinatal dioxin exposure may adverse effects learning abilities school children especially boys