J. Richard Hanley|Kim Hastie|Janice Kay
Developmental Surface Dyslexia and Dysgraphia: An Orthographic Processing Impairment
University of Liverpool|Newcastle College|University of Exeter
study presents detailed investigation young man early twenties suffered severe spelling impairment since childhood currently spelling age 9 years 2 months contrast developmental phonological dyslexics reported campbell butterworth 1985 funnell davison 1989 performance tests phonological awareness good addition read spell nonwords competently unlike normal 9yearold children virtually spelling errors phonologically appropriate analysis errors reveals knowledge many different ways given phoneme written uses phonemetographeme correspondences end word different uses earlier word however finds difficult spell words contain uncommon phonemetographeme correspondences compatible view developed orthographic spelling lexicon although oral reading words prompt generally accurate analysis lexical decision performance way defines homophones indicate fully specified lexical entries available reading either suggest suffers general orthographic processing deficit relies instead upon combination sublexical phonology lexicon contains partial information way words spelt leads reasonably competent reading even many irregular words produces poor spelling argued qualitatively different types developmental dyslexia genuinely exist reading impairments likely much pronounced children phonological rather orthographic processing deficit