Rohit Bhide, Gabriel S Phun, Shane Ardo
Elementary Reaction Steps That Precede or Follow a Unimolecular Reaction Step Can Obfuscate Interpretation of the Driving-Force Dependence to Its Rate Constant
The journal of physical chemistry. A
family adversity associated childrens bullying behaviors evidence however dominated mothers perceptions family environment focus mothers behaviors prospective populationbased study examined whether childrens bullying behaviors associated mother fatherreported family adversity assessed child birth peernominations used assess bullying behaviors 1298 children elementary school mean age 75 years following paternal risk factors prospectively associated childrens bullying behaviors 1 fatherreported prenatal family distress 2 fathers hostility preschool age 3 fathers harsh disciplinary practices preschool age effect sizes relatively small effect maternal risk factors less consistent motherreported family distress childhood associated childrens bullying behaviors associations independent background family risk factors ie life stress contextual factors background factors parental education risk taking record early childhood externalizing problems moreover results indicated fatherreported family adversity predicted childrens bullying behaviors background family risk factors early childhood externalizing problems motherreported family adversity also demonstrated association fathers prenatal hostility family distress subsequent bullying behavior child school partly mediated fathers harsh disciplinary practices preschool age findings highlight importance fathers behaviors development childrens bullying behaviors