Dorothy V. M. Bishop|Georgina Holt|Elizabeth Line|David McDonald|Sarah McDonald|Helen Watt
Parental phonological memory contributes to prediction of outcome of late talkers from 20 months to 4 years: a longitudinal study of precursors of specific language impairment
University of Oxford|University of Oxford|University of Oxford|University of Oxford|University of Oxford|University of Oxford
many children late talkers go develop normal language others go longerterm language difficulties study considered factors predictive persistent problems late talkers parental report expressive vocabulary 18 months age used select 26 late talkers 70 average talkers assessed language cognitive ability 20 months age followup 4 years age carried 24 late 58 average talkers psychometric test battery used categorize children terms language status unimpaired impaired nonverbal ability normal range 1 sd average vocabulary nonword repetition skills accompanying parent also assessed among late talkers seven 29 met criteria specific language impairment sli 4 years age two 8 low nonverbal ability group average talkers eight 14 met criteria sli 4 years five children 8 low nonverbal ability family history language problems slightly better latetalker status predictor sli best predictors sli 20 months age score receptive language scale mullen scales early learning parents performance nonword repetition task maternal education significant predictor outcome study around threequarters late talkers language difficulties 4 years age provided family history language impairment family history languageliteracy problems found significant predictor persisting problems nevertheless children sli prediction difficult early language delay