Kiyo Nakagiri, Yukari Sato, Takayo Kawakami
Factors associated with the leftover rate of side dishes in Japanese school lunches
PloS one
disparities clinical trials major problem due significant underrepresentation certain gender racial ethnic groups several factors including stringent eligibility criteria recruitment strategies hinder understanding retinal disease thus aimed study various reasons screen failures specific patient study characteristics among screen failures crosssectional retrospective study methods screening data 87 trials 6 centers analyzed study characteristics disease studied phase trial route drug administration patient demographics age gender race ethnicity employment status compared among different causes screen failures screen failures broadly classified six categories exclusion due visionbased criteria exclusion due imaging findings exclusion due factors patientrelated criteria physician related criteria miscellaneous descriptive statistics pearson chisquare test anova used statistical analysis determine prevalence various reasons screen failures multiple trials trend among different study patient characteristics among 87 trials 962 patients 465482 patients successfully randomized 497518 patients classified screen failures trials conducted various retinal diseases mean age 7650 1045 years 594 females predominantly whites934 unemployedretired patients666 screened 497 screen failures due patients meeting inclusion criteria imaging findings n221445 followed inclusion visionbased criteria n73 147 exclusion due factors n75151 patientrelated n3468 physicianrelated n2856 miscellaneous reasons n 39178 reason screen failure available 2754 patients higher proportion patients screened surgical trials 15 declined participate study compared noninvasive trials involving topical drugs photobiomodulation 0p002 conclusion patients meeting imaging visioncased criteria common reasons screen failures whites unemployed patients predominantly participated clinical trials patients inclined continue participation noninvasive clinical trials compared surgical trials better recruitment strategies careful consideration study criteria aid decreasing rate screen failures