Maryellen Potts, Frank Schaller
Twitter Chats as an Alternative to Discussion Boards in Graduate Nursing Courses
The Journal of nursing education
studies shown low haemoglobin anaemia associated poor cognition anaemia known associated alzheimers disease ad mechanism risk unknown first seek confirm association cognition anaemia secondly order understand mechanism association estimate direction causation using mendelian randomisation two independent cohorts used analysis addneuromed longitudinal study 738 subjects including ad agematched controls blood cell measures cognitive assessments gene expression data blood uk biobank study 502649 healthy participants aged 4069 years cognitive test measures blood cell indices baseline general linear models calculated using cognitive function outcome correction age sex education uk biobank snps known blood cell measure associations analysed mendelian randomisation estimate direction causality addneuromed gene expression data used pathway enrichment analysis identify associations reflecting biological function sample sets evidence reproducible association cognitive performance mean corpuscular haemoglobin mch measure average mass haemoglobin per red blood cell furthermore addneuromed cohort longitudinal samples available showed greater decline red blood cell indices ad patients compared controls p values 005 106 uk biobank cohort found lower haemoglobin participants reduced cognitive function significant association mch red blood cell distribution width rdw measure cell volume variability compared four cognitive function tests including reaction time reasoning p 00001 using mendelian randomisation showed significant effect mch verbalnumeric numeric traits implying anaemia causative effect cognitive performance lower haemoglobin levels blood associated poor cognitive function ad used uk biobank snp data determine relationship cognitive testing haemoglobin measures suggest haemoglobin level therefore anaemia primary causal impact cognitive performance