Matteo Vandoni, Luca Marin, Caterina Cavallo, Alessandro Gatti, Roberta Grazi, Ilaria Albanese, Silvia Taranto, Dario Silvestri, Eleonora Di Carlo, Pamela Patanè, Vittoria Carnevale Pellino, Gianvincenzo Zuccotti, Valeria Calcaterra
Poor Motor Competence Affects Functional Capacities and Healthcare in Children and Adolescents with Obesity
Sports (Basel, Switzerland)
emerging consensus numerical executive function ef spatial skills foundational childrens mathematical learning development moreover skill theorized relate mathematics different reasons thus possible cognitive construct related mathematics distinct pathways present study tests hypothesis onehundred eighty 4 9yearolds mage 621 completed battery numerical ef spatial mathematics measures factor analyses revealed strong separable relations childrens numerical ef spatial skills moreover threefactor model ie modelling numerical ef spatial skills separate latent variables fit data better general intelligence gfactor model ef skills unique predictor number line performance spatial skills unique predictor arithmetic addition performance additionally spatial skills related use advanced addition strategies eg compositiondecomposition retrieval turn related childrens overall arithmetic performance childrens strategy use fully mediated relation spatial skills arithmetic performance taken together findings provide new insights cognitive foundations early mathematics implications assessment instruction moving forward