Masaood Moahid|Keshav Lall Maharjan
Factors Affecting Farmers’ Access to Formal and Informal Credit: Evidence from Rural Afghanistan
Hiroshima University|Nangarhar University|Hiroshima University
adequate access credit necessary sustainable development agriculture study uses double hurdle model investigate affects farming households credit participation amount probit model find credit constraints purpose data survey 292 farming households afghanistan utilized study finds households obtain credit agricultural activities various formal informal sources results double hurdle model reveal financial activities households positively determined crop diversity education number adults household size land access extension nonagricultural income decreases likelihood participation results analysis credit constraints indicate formal credit help smallscale remoter farming households however households relied informal credit especially faced income shock furthermore religious belief increased chances avoiding formal credit informal credit suggested formal credit expanded rural areas especially smallscale farming households policy makers also consider increasing access extension formal financial institutions provide shariacompliant credit increases confidence level households using formal credit afghanistan