William M. P. Klein|Michael Stefanek
Cancer Risk Elicitation and Communication: Lessons from the Psychology of Risk Perception
University of Pittsburgh|American Cancer Society
cancer risk perceptions key predictor riskreduction practices health behaviors processing cancer information nevertheless patients general public well health care providers exhibit number errors biases way think risk risk perceptions decisions deviate greatly prescribed normative decision models experts risk assessment example people likely engage screening behaviors mammography faced lossbased messages gainframed messages often ignore base rate given disease assessing risk obtaining disease article review many psychological processes underlie risk perception discuss processes lead deviations among processes difficulties use numerical information innumeracy cognitive processes eg use timesaving heuristics motivational factors eg loss regret aversion emotion conclude suggestions future research area well implications improving elicitation communication personal cancer risk