Peter Murphy, Sebastian Hinde, Gerry Richardson
Appropriate Categorization of Inequality to Inform Policy Decisions: Estimating Distribution of Lifetime Health Using Alternative Approaches to Socioeconomic Stratification
Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research
cenesthesia cenesthopathy played fundamental role 19th early 20th century french german psychiatry cenesthesia refers internal global implicit affective perception ones body concept cenesthopathy coined dupre camus 1907 describe clinical entity characterized abnormal strange bodily sensations review examine history concepts influence clinical nosographical phenomenological psychiatry cognitive neuropsychiatry performed narrative review published research literature classical french german psychiatrists written extensively cenesthesia cenesthopathy although notions longer mainstream contemporary psychiatry however still present contemporary psychiatric nosography form controversial clinical entities clearly related cenesthesia cenesthetic schizophrenia hypochondriacal monothematic delusions capgras cotard syndromes clinical entities associated state depersonalization point similarities eys description depersonalization syndrome especially psychosis characteristics cenesthesia philosophers like sartre merleauponty developed concept cenesthesia particular added new concepts like body schema similarly phenomenological psychiatrists like minkowski tellenbach attempted describe psychiatric disorders associated cenesthesia also proposed new concepts ie atmospheric sense order understand better recently cognitive neuropsychiatry tried discover mechanisms cause contribute genesis delusions majority delusion theories developed cognitive neuropsychiatry consider explanation monothematic delusions involves one two explanatory stages first stage corresponds abnormal experience experiential stage second related abnormal reasoning inferential stage theoretical first stage considered result highly unusual bizarre perceptual experience according authors experience refers phenomenon depersonalization loss cenesthesia loss feeling familiarity example neurocognitive models capgras cotard syndromes common belief based various kinds unusual experiences unusual experiences thought include affective emotional experiences capgras syndrome possibly triggered abnormal affective experience response sight closedpersons face similarly cotard syndrome may result general flattening affective responses external stimuli inferential stage also differentiate two syndromes empirical validation already obtained capgras syndrome yet cotards syndrome review illustrates historical descriptions cenesthesia cenesthopathy remain relevant contemporary neurocognitive models generally suggests comprehension quite complex phenomena like delusion requires multidisciplinary approach