Zheng Zhang, Levent Yilmaz, Bo Liu
A Critical Review of Inductive Logic Programming Techniques for Explainable AI
IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems
measuring current situation civic literacy senior primary school students grade 5 6 exploring affecting factors basis improving effectiveness civic education stage research developed measurement questionnaire item analysis exploratory factor analysis methods distributed nationwide online stratified cluster sampling 1642 valid questionnaires finally collected study took mean analysis difference analysis correlation analysis regression analysis statistical results eventually showed civic literacy chinas senior primary school students whole comparatively high level chinese scholars zhang jiajun xu jiao combined particularity civic literacy divide four dimensions performance four dimensions civic literacy revealed civic affection civic cognition civic competence civic behavior significant difference exists students civic literacy gender girls civic literacy scores 29953 sd 2815 n 785 significantly higher boys civic literacy scores 29318 sd 3225 n 857 4263 p 001 whether student leaders students served student leaders 30433 sd 2657 n 649 student leaders 29086 sd 3169 n 984 9272 p 001 family social economic status ses school education significantly positively correlated students civic literacy based primary schools implement educational compensation cultivating civic literacy among socioeconomically disadvantaged senior primary school students carry civic education according specific conditions civic literacy senior students