Hamid Noghanibehambari, Jason Fletcher
Unequal before death: The effect of paternal education on children's old-age mortality in the United States
Population studies
disparities avoidable mortality never evaluated italy national level present study aimed assess association socioeconomic status avoidable mortality nationwide closed cohort 2011 census population housing followed 20122019 mortality outcomes preventable treatable mortality separately evaluated among people aged 3074 education level elementary school less middle school high school diploma university degree residence macro area northwest northeast center southislands exposures adjusted mortality rate ratios mrrs calculated multivariate quasipoisson regression models adjusted age death relative index inequalities estimated preventable treatable nonavoidable mortality specific causes cohort consisted 35708459 residents 488 men 175 aged 6574 34 high school diploma 335 living southislands 1127760 deaths observed 652 avoidable causes 404 preventable 249 treatable inverse trends education level mortality observed causes comparing least educated groups strong association observed preventable males mrr 239 females mrr 165 treatable causes death males mrr 193 females mrr 145 greatest inequalities observed hivaids alcoholrelated diseases sexes drugrelated diseases tuberculosis males diabetes mellitus cardiovascular diseases renal failure females excess risk preventable treatable mortality observed southislands socioeconomic inequalities mortality persist italy extremely varied response policies regional level representing possible missed gain health suggesting reassessment priorities definition health targets