Kathryn Heley, Wen-Ying Sylvia Chou, Heather D'Angelo, Nicole Senft Everson, Abigail Muro, Jacob A Rohde, Anna Gaysynsky
Mitigating Health and Science Misinformation: A Scoping Review of Literature from 2017 to 2022
Health communication
aortic stiffness increases age vascular risk factor exposure associated increased risk structural functional abnormalities brain high ambient flow low impedance thought sensitize cerebral microcirculation harmful effects excessive pressure flow pulsatility however haemodynamic mechanisms contributing structural brain lesions cognitive impairment presence high aortic stiffness remain unclear hypothesized disproportionate stiffening proximal aorta compared carotid arteries reduces wave reflection important interface thereby facilitates transmission excessive pulsatile energy cerebral microcirculation leading microvascular damage impaired function assess hypothesis evaluated carotid pressure flow carotidfemoral pulse wave velocity brain magnetic resonance images cognitive scores participants communitybased age geneenvironment susceptibilityreykjavik study history stroke transient ischaemic attack dementia n 668 378 females 6993 years age aortic characteristic impedance assessed random subset n 422 reflection coefficient aortacarotid interface computed carotid flow pulsatility index negatively related aortacarotid reflection coefficient r 066 p0001 carotid pulse pressure pulsatility index carotidfemoral pulse wave velocity associated increased risk silent subcortical infarcts hazard ratios 162171 per standard deviation p0002 carotidfemoral pulse wave velocity associated higher white matter hyperintensity volume 0108 0045 sdsd p 0018 pulsatility index associated lower whole brain 0127 0037 sdsd p0001 grey matter 0079 0038 sdsd p 0038 white matter 0128 0039 sdsd p0001 volumes carotidfemoral pulse wave velocity 0095 0043 sdsd p 0028 carotid pulse pressure 0114 0045 sdsd p 0013 associated lower memory scores pulsatility index associated lower memory scores 0165 0039 sdsd p0001 slower processing speed 0118 0033 sdsd p0001 worse performance tests assessing executive function 0155 0041 sdsd p0001 magnetic resonance imaging measures grey white matter volumes white matter hyperintensity volumes prevalent subcortical infarcts included cognitive models haemodynamic associations attenuated longer significant consistent hypothesis increased aortic stiffness excessive flow pulsatility damage microcirculation leading quantifiable tissue damage reduced cognitive performance marked stiffening aorta associated reduced wave reflection interface carotid aorta transmission excessive flow pulsatility brain microvascular structural brain damage lower scores various cognitive domains