H Markovits, F Savary
Pragmatic schemas and the selection task: to reason or not to reason
The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology
perinatal exposure sarscov2 may affect neurodevelopment 12 months age longerterm outcomes remain unknown examined whether antenatal neonatal sarscov2 exposure compared nonexposure associated neurodevelopment respiratory symptoms health care usage early childhood prospective national populationbased cohort study conducted england wales united kingdom enrolled termborn children 37 weeks gestation without antenatal neonatal exposure sarscov2 infection approaching parents eligible children cared 87 nhs hospitals potential participants identified national active surveillance studies pregnant women newborn infants hospitalised confirmed sarscov2 infection conducted uk obstetric surveillance system british paediatric surveillance unit defined antenatal neonatal sarscov2 exposure infants born mothers hospitalised confirmed sarscov2 infection 14 0 36 6 weeks gestation infants admitted hospital confirmed sarscov2 infection within first 28 days birth children born preterm major congenital anomaly residing uk excluded assessed childrens development ages stages questionnaire 3rd edition asq3 ages stages questionnaire socialemotional 2nd edition asqse2 respiratory symptoms liverpool respiratory symptom questionnaire lrsq health care usage parentcompleted questionnaire 2132 months age primary outcome total asq3 score converted zscores secondary outcomes asqse2 zscores risk delay asq3 domains total lrsq scores converted zscores analyses adjusted childrens age sex maternal ethnicity parental education index multiple deprivation october 20 2021 january 27 2023 approached 668 1877 families 712 1917 potentially eligible participants exposed comparison cohort 125 306 participants enrolled exposed comparison cohort 121 301 participants completed questionnaires 96 243 participants included analysis age adjusted analysis mean total asq3 zscore lower exposed comparison cohort 03 95 ci 06 005 however adjusted sex parental education ethnicity imd quintile significant difference difference mean zscore 02 95 ci 05 003 sarscov2 exposure associated increased risk delayed personalsocial skills odds ratio 381 95 ci 1071366 higher asqse2 total zscores difference mean zscore 04 95 ci 0206 increased risk delayed socialemotional development 358 95 ci 130983 adjusting sex age assessment parental education ethnicity imd quintile exposed cohort higher mean total lrsq zscore comparison cohort 03 95 ci 006 higher inpatient 38 vs 21 p 00001 outpatient 38 vs 30 p 00090 general practitioner appointments 60 vs 50 p 0021 comparison cohort adjusting sex age assessment parental education ethnicity imd quintile differences secondary outcomes exposed comparison cohorts found although exposed cohort differ comparison cohort primary outcome total asq3 score exposed cohort greater risk delayed socialemotional development greater prevalence respiratory symptoms increased health care usage relative comparison cohort study limited smaller sample size due low response rate lack clinical developmental assessments given association poor socialemotional development antenatal neonatal sarscov2 exposure developmental screening followup children confirmed antenatal neonatal sarscov2 infection may warranted identify need early intervention action medical research children