Majid Ali, Aseel Alsreaya, Abdulrahman Alqarzi, Yazeed Alzahrani, Ibrahim Alhomood, Abdulaziz Alruhaimi, Abdulrahman Hijri, Ahmed Mobarki, Mohammed Najie, Mohammed Mashyakhi, Abdullwahab Bajawi
Exploring the effectiveness of pharmacy curriculum in Saudi Arabia in developing leadership skills among pharmacy students from their perspective: A mixed-methods study
Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society
repeated chronic childhood adversity shape social cognitive abilities according prevailing deficit model children highstress backgrounds risk impairments learning behavior intervention goal prevent reduce repair damage missing deficit approach attempt leverage unique strengths abilities develop response highstress environments evolutionarydevelopmental models emphasize coherent functional changes occur response stress life course research birds rodents humans suggests developmental exposures stress improve forms attention perception learning memory problem solving ecologically relevant harshunpredictable environments per specialization hypothesis many skills abilities moreover primarily manifest currently stressful contexts would provide greatest fitnessrelevant advantages per sensitization hypothesis perspective supports alternative adaptationbased approach resilience converges central question attention learning memory problemsolving decisionmaking strategies enhanced exposures childhood adversity applied level approach focuses work rather strengths promote success education employment civic life