Otis Dudley Duncan
Discrimination against Negroes
University of Michigan–Ann Arbor
functions indicators measure fullness participation minorities american society best understood relating strategic junctures socioeconomic life cycle data negroes particular reveal operation two types handicapsthose common members society subject disadvantages back ground misfortune specific minority status distinguish thus measure progress reducing discrimination requires comprehensive time series also methods models suited analysis causal sequences despite growing fund valuable indi cators status nonwhite americans number statistical hazards must circumvented reliable infer ences realistic recommendations become possible reaching interpretations field social science operate third force complementing work policy makers programadministrators one hand civic action groups present knowledge inadequate task formulating specific proposals redirecting trends could rapidly become nearly adequate availability sufficient resources research full co operation official statistical agencies freedom investigate socalled sensitive problems concerted attempts im prove analytical interpretive models moment sure formidable obstacles remain way achieving freedom discrimination