Dan J Stein, Steven J Shoptaw, Daniel V Vigo, Crick Lund, Pim Cuijpers, Jason Bantjes, Norman Sartorius, Mario Maj
Psychiatric diagnosis and treatment in the 21st century: paradigm shifts versus incremental integration
World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA)
socioeconomic status ses negatively associated innumerable health outcomes including cognitive functioning yet much remains undiscovered ses patterns laterlife cognition lowand middleincome countries lmics purpose study examine association separate combined socioconomic risks cognitive impairment among older adults india given gender disparities later life cognitive functioning ses study examines associations socioeconomic risks cognitive impairment separately older men women data come 201718 first wave longitudinal aging study india lasi 31464 older adults aged 60 years cognitive impairment assessed using multiple broad measures memory orientation arithmetic function visuospatial construction skills present descriptive statistics along crosstabulation outcome variable additionally binary logistic regression analysis used test association outcome explanatory variables ses measured using education paid work status household wealth measured using monthly percapita consumption expenditure mpce proportion 714 older men 2003 older women reported cognitive impairment odds cognitive impairment higher among uneducated older men women older men women lowest wealth quintile surprisingly older women without current prior work history report lower odds cognitive impairment compared peers labor force odds cognitive impairment higher among nonworking older men association statistically significant older men odds cognitive impairment 534 714 1305 times higher one two three risk factors respectively compared risk exposure similar trend observed women comparatively lower odds findings underscore need distinguish varying elements ses construct upstream health policies programs redistribute resources particular findings support use multiple ses indicators identifying older adults susceptible cognitive deficits planning genderbased interventions improve cognitive health late life