Nacer Ferrah, Djamila Merghache, Sara Meftah, Souheyla Benbellil
A new alternative of a green polymeric matrix chitosan/alginate-polyethyleniminemethylene phosphonic acid for pharmaceutical residues adsorption
Environmental science and pollution research international
previous research suggested inactivated influenza vaccine iiv may protect sarscov2 infection severe course covid19 findings however based cohort studies prone confounding indication examined association iiv sarscov2 infection dutch population using testnegative design testnegative casecontrol study conducted adults 60 tested covid19 like symptoms community sarscov2 testing locations netherlands period november 8th 2021march 11th 2022 information receipt iiv octobernovember 2021 routinely collected visit logistic regression used calculate unadjusted partially sex age education level fully adjusted covid19 vaccination iiv 2020 odds ratios ors receipt iiv sarscov2 positive versus negative subjects differential effects sarscov2 risk time since iiv investigated including interaction term calendar time november 2021january 2022 vs februarymarch 2022 total 1832 participants included main analysis 336 183 positive sarscov2 test significant association iiv sarscov2 infection found fully adjusted 107 95 ci 078149 interaction term time periods significant 104 95 ci 051215 p 091 results robust sensitivity analyses earlier observational studies suggested protective nonspecific effect iiv sarscov2 infections smaller well controlled testnegative design study suggest effect either positive negative larger testnegative design studies alternative designs selfcontrolled case series design needed confirm findings provide definite answers topic