Paul L. Morgan|Michelle L. Frisco|George Farkas|Jacob Hibel
A Propensity Score Matching Analysis of the Effects of Special Education Services
Pennsylvania State University|Pennsylvania State University|University of California, Irvine|Pennsylvania State University
sought quantify effectiveness special education services naturally delivered us schools specifically examined whether children receiving special education services displayed greater reading mathematics skills b frequent learningrelated behaviors c less frequent externalizing internalizing problem behaviors closely matched peers receiving services used propensity score matching techniques analyze data early childhood longitudinalstudy kindergarten cohort 19981999 large scale nationally representative sample us schoolchildren collectively results indicate receipt special education services either negative statistically nonsignificant impact childrens learning behavior however special education services yield small positive effect childrens learningrelated behaviors