Marta Fonseca, Pedro Marvão, Beatriz Oliveira, Bruno Heleno, Pedro Carreiro-Martins, Nuno Neuparth, António Rendas
The effectiveness of concept mapping as a tool for developing critical thinking in undergraduate medical education - a BEME systematic review: BEME Guide No. 81
Medical teacher
working memory wm inhibitory control ic play crucial role learning early childhood literature suggests nonlinear developmental trajectory executive functions efs varied results according gender usually attributed environmental factors however insufficient inconclusive data whether pattern reproduced latin american preschool population since studies conducted englishspeaking european asian environments thus objectively comparing childrens executive performance across diverse international geographical contexts becomes challenging study aimed conduct crosssectional analysis performance wm ic 982 ecuadorian preschoolers aged 42 65 months 5371 sd 5714 belonging mediumhigh medium lowmedium socioeconomic strata participants consisted 496 boys 5377 sd 5598 486 girls 5365 sd 5834 representing nine cities ecuador assess effect age gender performance two domains sample divided four 6month age intervals two tests administered participants survey conducted 799 usual caregivers viewing crosssectional mean scores wm ic tests temporal continuum reveals upward trend age interval studied girls outperformed boys ic test showing statistically significant differences earliest age interval gender differences executive performance reported literature emphasize need explore modulating effect environmental variables early childhood development information could offer valuable insights adapting optimizing cognitive didactic strategies early childhood tailored characteristics needs preschool population