Sarah A Amin, Megan Lehnerd, Sean B Cash, Christina D Economos, Jennifer M Sacheck
Development of a Tool for Food Literacy Assessment in Children (TFLAC)
Journal of nutrition education and behavior
effects bilingualism executive functions efs intelligence still controversially discussed studies focused performance differences without considering underlying structure cognitive abilities thus examined whether structure efs relations efs intelligence differ mono bilingual children total 240 elementary school children mean age 8 years 6 months 133 monolinguals 95 bilinguals performed two tasks measuring working memory inhibition cognitive flexibility fluid intelligence respectively confirmatory factor analyses showed one common ef factor provided best fit data language groups indicating bilingualism associated differences ef structure age moreover latent performance differences either efs intelligence mono bilingual children however found stronger relation common ef factor fluid intelligence bilingual children compared monolingual children implying closer coupling efs intelligence abilities bilingual children contributes explaining previous heterogeneous findings task level closely coupled cognitive functioning slightly beneficial tasks irrelevant even slightly obstructive others