Gjergji Koja, Erjona Abazaj
A cross-sectional study of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: Student perceptions
Health science reports
developmental milestones commonly used child health care although many milestones predictive validity adequately assessed aimed determine predictive validity 75 developmental milestones detecting limited intellectual functioning obtained age 4 years performed casecontrol study 148 children aged 510 years limited intellectual functioning iq 5069 special education cases random sample 300 children aged 510 years regular elementary education controls developmental milestones scores retrieved child healthcare files calculated sensitivity specificity positive likelihood ratios lr diagnostic odds ratios dor limited intellectual functioning lr determines whether test result changes probability condition exists given prevalence intellectual disability 13 considered lr 10 would clinically useful increases priori probability limited intellectual functioning 2 posteriori probability least 17 75 assessed milestones 50 included analysis found nine milestones significant adjusted socioeconomic status prematurity dor 1 significant lr 10 assessment age months brackets says dadababa 9 balances head well sitting 9 sits buttocks legs stretched 9 babbles playing 12 sits stable position without support 12 walks well alone 24 says sentences 3 words 36 places 3 forms formbox 36 copies circle 48 sensitivities 9 milestones varied 854 specificities 9 milestones varied 95100 combining milestones 9 12 36 months respectively resulted sensitivities 2760 specificities 9499 nine developmental milestones substantial predictive validity limited intellectual functioning