Elizabeth Washbrook|Jane Waldfogel|Bruce Bradbury|Miles Corak|Ali A. Ghanghro
The Development of Young Children of Immigrants in Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States
University of Bristol|London School of Economics and Political Science|Columbia University|UNSW Sydney|University of Ottawa|University of Ottawa
spite important differences resources immigrant parents invest children immigrant selection rules settlement policies significant similarities relative positions 4 5yearold children immigrants australia canada united kingdom united states children immigrants underperform counterparts nativeborn parents vocabulary tests particularly language official language spoken home generally disadvantaged nonverbal cognitive domains notable behavioral differences findings suggest crosscountry differences cognitive outcomes teen years documented existing literature much less evident early years