Ge Jiang|Yujiao Mai|Ke?Hai Yuan
Advances in Measurement Invariance and Mean Comparison of Latent Variables: Equivalence Testing and A Projection-Based Approach
University of Notre Dame|University of Notre Dame|University of Notre Dame
measurement invariance mi entails measurements different groups comparable logical prerequisite studying difference change across groups mi commonly evaluated using multigroup structural equation modeling sequence chisquare chisquaredifference tests however conventional null hypothesis testing nht one never confident enough claim mi even test statistics significant equivalence testing et recently proposed replace nht studying mi et informs researchers size possible misspecification allows claim measurements practically equivalent across groups size misspecification smaller tolerable value another recent advancement studying mi projectionbased method testing crossgroup equality means latent traits require intercepts equal across groups purpose article introduce key ideas two advancements mi present newly developed r package equaltestmi researchers easily apply two methods real data example provided illustrate use package advocated researchers always consider using two methods whenever mi needs examined