Anna Cunningham|Julia M. Carroll
Age and schooling effects on early literacy and phoneme awareness
University of Warwick|University of Warwick
previous research age schooling effects largely restricted studies children begin formal schooling 6 years age measures phoneme awareness used typically lacked sensitivity beginning readers study addresses issues testing 4 6 yearolds first 2 years formal schooling united kingdom sensitive dynamic measure phoneme awareness tests early literacy significant effects age schooling dynamic measure phoneme awareness word reading spelling letter name knowledge significant age time interactions indicates older children within age group generally outperform younger classmates although make faster progress advantage developed prior start school