Kelli Cristina do Prado Côrrea, Maria Aparecida Miranda de Paula Machado, Simone Rocha de Vasconcellos Hage
Skills for the literacy process
CoDAS
investigate factors associated hearing impairment hi adolescent youths period 19662010 crosssectional analyses us sociodemographic health audiometric data spanning 5 decades subjects youths aged 12 17 years participated national health examination survey nhes cycle 3 19661970 n 6768 youths aged 12 19 years third national health nutrition examination survey nhanes iii 19881994 n 3057 nhanes 20052010 n 4374 hi prevalence defined puretone average pta 20 db hl speech frequencies 05 1 2 4 khz high frequencies 3 4 6 khz multivariable logistic models used estimate odds ratio 95 confidence interval ci overall speechfrequency hi prevalence 106 95 ci 97116 nhes 39 95 ci 2855 nhanes iii 45 95 ci 3754 nhanes 2005 2010 corresponding highfrequency hi prevalences 328 95 ci 308349 73 95 ci 5990 79 95 ci 6892 adjusting sociodemographic factors overall highfrequency hi increased twofold males cigarette smoking significant risk factors nhanes 2005 2010 included low birth weight history ear infectionsotitis media ear tubes fairpoor general health firearms use hi declined considerably 1966 1970 1988 1994 additional decline 1988 1994 2005 2010 otitis media history significant hi risk factor period whereas low birth weight emerged important risk factor survival chances improved reductions smoking jobrelated noise firearms use may partially explain reduction highfrequency hi loud music exposure may increased account hi differences na laryngoscope 12919221939 2019