S Gopi, Prabhujit Mohapatra
Fast random opposition-based learning Aquila optimization algorithm
Heliyon
little known diet quality racial minority children summertime school session risk accelerated weight gain project summer weight environmental assessment trial observational prospective study exploring child weight status health trends summer objective substudy project summer weight environmental assessment trial examine diet quality elementaryaged racial minority children summertime vs school year observational prospective substudy conducted june september 2017 students prekindergarten fifth grade recruited 2 schools located lowincome urban neighborhoods columbus oh predominantly black population sixtytwo children 39 families enrolled twentyfourhour dietary recalls 2 weekdays 1 weekend day collected 3 time points 1 beginning summer t0 2 midsummer t1 3 beginning subsequent school year t2 healthy eating index hei2015 total component scores calculated assess diet quality daily calories kilocalories servings types foods within food groups also assessed repeated measures analysis variance tukeys post hoc analyses performed retention 76 n 47 mean age 70 03 years 79 n 37 african american 58 participants n 26 reported annual household incomes 20000 hei2015 total score significantly lower summertime vs school year p 02 hei2015 component score whole fruits p 04 also lower summer vs school year along total vegetables p 001 greens beans p 001 specifically legumes p 001 hei2015 component score added sugars p 04 significantly lower summer vs school year well indicating higher intake added sugars summer hand whole grains higher summer vs school year p 01 specifically snack chips p 03 popcorn p 01 total daily calories differ summertime vs school year small sample predominantly racial minority schoolaged children lowincome households child diet quality better school year vs summer future research needed determine extent summer vs school year diet quality may associated differences weight status