Thomas Volken
Second-stage non-response in the Swiss health survey: determinants and bias in outcomes
ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences
unit nonresponse occurs sample surveys target subject respond survey potential implications decreased power increased standard error nonresponse bias objective study assess factors associated participation written survey mshs subjects previously participated swiss health survey shs evaluate extent nonparticipation could impact estimation various mshs health outcomesmultivariate logistic regression used assess factors associated mshs participation n14393 eligible shs participants n17931 crude participation rates adjusted odds ratios participation reported order report potential bias mshs outcomes average agestandardized sexspecific outcome values nonparticipants predicted based several different linear regression models previously fitted mshs participantsadjusting variables women or163 compared men subjects secondary or148 tertiary education or176 compared primary education whitecollar workers high level nonmanual workers or129 medium low level nonmanual workers or126 or125 respectively compared unskilled manual workers swiss nationals or160 compared nonswiss subjects good good selfrated health or135 likely participate mshs people work fulltime less likely participate without paid work or076 statistically significant differences likelihood participation rural urban areas different geographic regions switzerland household income quartilesexcept myocardial infarction agestandardized sexspecific average outcomes influenza vaccination arthrosis osteoporosis high blood pressure depression mastery sense coherence significantly different mshs nonparticipants participantssubjects participated mshs higher socioeconomic status reported better subjective health likely swiss nationals small moderate bias found ageadjusted sexspecific average outcomes consequently mshs outcomes used interpreted care