Vitória Graciela Quandt, Thais Martins-Silva, Cristina Corrêa Kaufmann, Renata Moraes Bielemann, Ludmila Corrêa Muniz, Gicele Costa Mintem
[Body image and associated factors among students from the municipal school network in a city in southern Brazil]
Ciencia & saude coletiva
relations childrens mathematics achievement basic number processing skills reported crosssectional longitudinal studies yet key questions currently unresolved including kindergarten skills uniquely predict childrens arithmetic fluency first year formal schooling degree predictors contingent childrens level arithmetic proficiency current study assessed kindergarteners nonsymbolic symbolic number processing efficiency addition contribution childrens underlying magnitude representations differences arithmetic achievement assessed subsequently january grade 1 arithmetic proficiency assessed hierarchical regression analysis revealed childrens efficiency compare digits count estimate numerosities uniquely predicted arithmetic differences beyond nonnumerical factors included moreover quantile regression analysis indicated symbolic number processing efficiency consistently significant predictor arithmetic achievement scores regardless childrens level arithmetic proficiency whereas nonsymbolic number processing efficiency finally none taskspecific effects indexing childrens representational precision significantly associated arithmetic fluency implications results 2fold first findings indicate childrens efficiency process symbols important development arithmetic fluency grade 1 beyond influence nonnumerical factors second impact childrens nonsymbolic number processing skills depend arithmetic achievement level given selected nonclinical population