Philip M Preshaw, Christoph A Ramseier, Bruno G Loos, Aušra Balčiūnaitė, Tin Crnić, Kevin Davey, Henrik Dommisch, Johanna B Ettmayer, Anthony Roberts, E Etienne Verheijck, Clemens Walter, Graziano Zappalà
Contemporary educational methods in periodontology
Journal of clinical periodontology
instructional time viewed crucial learning little known effectiveness reducing absences relative increasing number school days using administrative data north carolina public schools paper jointly estimates effect absences length school calendar test score performance exploit state policy provides variation number school days prior standardized testing find substantial differences two effects extending school calendar ten days increases math reading test scores 17 08 standard deviation respectively similar reduction absences would lead gains 55 math 29 reading perform number robustness checks including utilizing flu data instrument absences familyyear fixed effects distinguishing excused unexcused absences controlling contemporaneous measure student disengagement results robust alternative specifications addition findings indicate considerable heterogeneity across student ability suggesting targeting absenteeism among low performing students could aid narrowing current gaps performance