Gregory Armstrong|Chumben Humtsoe|Michelle Kermode
HIV risk behaviours among injecting drug users in Northeast India following scale-up of a targeted HIV prevention programme
The George Institute for Global Health|University of Melbourne|Emmanuel Hospital Association|The George Institute for Global Health|University of Melbourne
northeast indian states manipur nagaland ongoing hiv epidemic among injecting drug users idus since mid1990s project orchid avahanfunded hiv prevention project working selected districts manipur nagaland since 2004 supports local partner nongovernment organisations ngos deliver range harm reduction interventions currently reaches approximately 14500 idus across two states assess changes hiv risk behaviours two behavioural tracking surveys bts undertaken among idus 2007 2009 bts used respondent driven sampling rds recruit adult male idus 18 years age ukhrul chandel districts manipur kiphire zunheboto districts nagaland paper reports analysis sociodemographics drug use injecting practices sexual behaviour condom use knowledge hiv exposure interventions descriptive data analysed using rdsat odds ratios calculated spss proportion idus reporting sharing needles syringes last injection increased substantially ukhrul 596 912 zunheboto 455 738 remained high chandel 970 989 remained largely unchanged kiphire 633 688 use condoms regular partners low districts time points ukhrul kiphire zunheboto proportion idus using condoms sexual intercourse casual partner increased substantially approximately 7085 whilst chandel increase marginal 574 636 exposure ngo hiv prevention interventions significantly associated p005 lower odds sharing needles previous month nagaland or063 manipur 035 despite districtlevel differences results bts study indicate exposure hiv prevention services predominately delivered region ngos associated reduced likelihood engaging hiv risk behaviours idus using hiv prevention services likely engage safe injecting sexual practices effort required sustain increase opportunities idus access services outcomes noteworthy achievement challenging context