Conceição Santiago, Açucena Guerra, Teresa Carreira, Sara Palma, Florbela Bia, Jorge Pérez-Pérez, Ana Frias, Sagrario Gómez-Cantarino, Hélia Dias
Nursing students' knowledge regarding sexuality, sex, and gender diversity in a multicenter study
Frontiers in psychology
pharmacy educators dedicated providing best education student pharmacists postgraduate trainees involves developing evaluating new educational approaches activities well working understand better factors may affect student program outcomes although may realize idea causality presence causeandeffect relationship embedded much engaging pharmacy educational scholarship saying educational intervention effective improving test scores implies intervention caused increase perhaps subtly causeandeffect relationship implied identifying poor interviewing skills factor reduces likelihood student obtain pharmacy practice residency extent causal claims made depends appropriate study design analysis similarly language used present claims related study design analysis unfortunately study designs used evaluating educational approaches always align language used report results review provides brief overview current thinking related causal inference role study design analysis causal inference also discussed along recommendations study design analysis facilitate making appropriate causal claims reading article readers able select study design best aligns particular research question report findings ways faithful strengths study design