Anna Machowska|Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg
Drivers of Irrational Use of Antibiotics in Europe
Karolinska Institutet|Karolinska Institutet
unnecessary use antibiotics concomitant rapid growth antibiotic resistance abr widely acknowledged threat global health development sustainability underlying cause abr undoubtedly overall volume antibiotic use general irrational antibiotic use influenced several interrelated factors major contributory factor aimed present describe selected main drivers irrational use antibiotics europe performed broad search current literature databases pubmed google scholar cochrane well various institutional websites world health organization european observatory european commission provide new perspective selected drivers irrational antibiotic use europe also searched relevant literature using snowballing ie using reference lists papers identify additional papers narrative review present major factors among general public driving antibiotic resistance lack public knowledge awareness access antibiotics without prescription leftover antibiotics knowledge attitude perception prescribers dispensers inadequate medical training pharmaceutical promotion lack rapid sufficient diagnostic tests patientdoctor interaction major factors among healthcare providers discuss initiatives taken implemented impact improve current situation europe