Benjamin F. Arnold|Mark J. van der Laan|Alan Hubbard|Cathy Steel|Joseph Kubofcik|Katy L. Hamlin|Delynn M. Moss|Thomas B. Nutman|Jeffrey W. Priest|Patrick J. Lammie
Measuring changes in transmission of neglected tropical diseases, malaria, and enteric pathogens from quantitative antibody levels
University of California, Berkeley|University of California, Berkeley|University of California, Berkeley|National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases|National Institutes of Health|National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases|National Institutes of Health|Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria|Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|Waterborne Environmental (United States)|Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases|National Institutes of Health|Waterborne Environmental (United States)|Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|The Task Force for Global Health|Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria
serological antibody levels sensitive marker pathogen exposure advances multiplex assays created enormous potential largescale integrated infectious disease surveillance methods analyze antibody measurements reduce quantitative antibody levels seropositive seronegative groups difficult many pathogens may provide lower resolution information quantitative levels analysis methods predominantly maintained single disease focus yet integrated surveillance platforms would benefit methodologies work across diverse pathogens included multiplex assayswe developed approach measure changes transmission quantitative antibody levels applied diverse pathogens global importance compared agedependent immunoglobulin g curves repeated crosssectional surveys populations differences transmission multiple pathogens including lymphatic filariasis wuchereria bancrofti measured mass drug administration mauke cook islands malaria plasmodium falciparum combined insecticide mass drug administration intervention garki project nigeria enteric protozoans cryptosporidium parvum giardia intestinalis entamoeba histolytica bacteria enterotoxigenic escherichia coli salmonella spp viruses norovirus groups ii children living haiti usa agedependent antibody curves fit ensemble machine learning followed characteristic shape across pathogens aligned predictions basic mechanisms humoral immunity differences pathogen transmission led shifts fitted antibody curves remarkably consistent across pathogens assays populations mean antibody levels correlated strongly traditional measures transmission intensity entomological inoculation rate p falciparum spearmans rho 075 high low transmission settings mean antibody curves revealed changes population mean antibody levels masked seroprevalence measures changes took place seropositivity cutoffagedependent antibody curves summary means provided robust sensitive measure changes transmission greatest sensitivity among young children method generalizes pathogens measured highthroughput multiplex serological assays scales surveillance activities require high spatiotemporal resolution results suggest quantitative antibody levels particularly useful measure differences exposure pathogens elicit transient antibody response monitoring populations high low transmission seroprevalence less informative approach represents new opportunity conduct integrated serological surveillance neglected tropical diseases malaria infectious diseases welldefined antigen targets