Yuko Osuka, Tomoko Nishimura, Manabu Wakuta, Nori Takei, Kenji J Tsuchiya
Reliability and validity of the Japan Ijime Scale and estimated prevalence of bullying among fourth through ninth graders: A large-scale school-based survey
Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences
validity reliability relate interpretation scores psychometric instruments eg symptom scales questionnaires education tests observer ratings used clinical practice research education administration emerging paradigms replace prior distinctions face content criterion validity unitary concept construct validity degree score interpreted representing intended underlying construct evidence support validity argument collected 5 sourcesdo instrument items completely represent constructthe relationship intended construct thought processes subjects observersacceptable reliability factor structurecorrelation scores another instrument assessing constructdo scores really make difference evidence sought variety sources support given interpretation reliable scores necessary sufficient valid interpretation increased attention systematic collection validity evidence scores psychometric instruments improve assessments research patient care education