Sapideh Gilani, Rachel Roditi, Neil Bhattacharyya
Grade repetition and parents' perception of hearing loss: An analysis of data from children in the United States
The Laryngoscope
several measurement tools developed measure health literacy tools vary approach design focused comprehensive health literacy populations paper describes design development european health literacy survey questionnaire hlseuq innovative comprehensive tool measure health literacy populationsbased conceptual model definition process involved item development pretesting fieldtesting external consultation plain language check translation english bulgarian dutch german greek polish spanishthe development process resulted hlseuq entailed two sections core health literacy section section determinants outcomes associated health literacy health literacy section included 47 items addressing selfreported difficulties accessing understanding appraising applying information tasks concerning decisions making healthcare disease prevention health promotion second section included items related health behaviour health status health service use community participation sociodemographic socioeconomic factorsby illuminating detailed steps design development process hlseuq aim provide deeper understanding purpose capability limitations others using tool stimulating wide application vision hlseuq validated countries enhance understanding health literacy different populations