Geoffrey Maina, Taryn Phaneuf, Megan Kennedy, Maeve Mclean, Ann Gakumo, Joseph Nguemo, Alexandra King, Solomon Kasha Mcharo
School-based interventions for preventing substance use in indigenous children ages 7-13: a scoping review protocol
BMJ open
purpose leadership principal known key factor supporting student achievement leadership experienced instructionally enacted teachers much less clear purpose study examine various factors often present principalteacher interactions teacherteacher relationships see may impact teachers classroom instructional practices data collection analysis data quantitative study teacher survey developed national research project learning leadership funded wallace foundation 4165 completed surveys database reflects responses teachers grades k12 sample schools across united states using conceptual framework based various known components effective schools today stepwise linear regression examined relationships among practices shared leadership professional community contextual variables trust efficacy findings three types instructional behaviorsstandard contemporary practice focused instruction flexible grouping practicesemerged strong factors operationally described effective teacher practice presence shared leadership professional community explain much strength among three instructional variables furthermore effect teachers trust principal becomes less important shared leadership professional community present selfefficacy strongly predicts focused instruction less predictive value measures instructional behavior individual teacher characteristics gender years experience clear impact instructional practice discernible patterns suggest level principal elementary vs secondary less influence teacher instructional behaviors conclusions increasing knowledge leaders impact instructional behaviors teachers lead us better understanding leadership direct relationship improved student achievement findings create clearer picture teacherprincipal teacherteacher interactions support learning bring us closer elusive goal clarifying link leadership learning