Jeehye Kang, Christina M Rodriguez
Spanking and executive functioning in US children: A longitudinal analysis on a matched sample
Child abuse & neglect
strong scientific consensus emphasizing printtosound relationships critical learning read alphabetic languages nevertheless reading instruction varies across englishspeaking countries intensive phonic training multicuing environments teach sound meaningbased strategies sought understand behavioral neural consequences differences relative emphasis taught 24 englishspeaking adults read 2 sets 24 novel words eg buv sig written 2 different unfamiliar orthographies following pretraining oral vocabulary participants learned read novel words 8 days training 1 language biased toward printtosound mappings training language biased toward printtomeaning mappings results showed striking benefits printsound training reading aloud generalization comprehension single words univariate analyses fmri data collected end training showed printmeaning relative printsound relative training increased neural effort dorsal pathway regions involved reading aloud conversely activity ventral pathway brain regions involved reading comprehension different following printmeaning versus printsound training multivariate analyses validated artificial language approach showing high similarity spatial distribution fmri activity artificial english word reading results suggest early literacy education focus systematicities present printtosound relationships alphabetic languages rather teaching meaningbased strategies order enhance reading aloud comprehension written words psycinfo database record