Vivek Gupta|Kapil Yadav|K Anand
Patterns of tobacco use across rural, urban, and urban-slum populations in a North Indian community
All India Institute of Medical Sciences|All India Institute of Medical Sciences|All India Institute of Medical Sciences
bbackgroundb tobacco leading cause mortality globally india magnitude pattern tobacco consumption likely influenced geographical setting rapid urbanization india need study differential pattern baimb aim study rural urban urbanslum differences patterns tobacco use bsettingsb study conducted ballabgarh block faridabad district haryana communitybased crosssectional study bmaterials andb bmethodsb study conducted years 20032004 using steps approach 7891 participants approximately equal number males females selected using multistage sampling urban urbanslum rural strata bstatistical analysisb analysis done using spss 120 statistical package spss inc chicago il usa direct standardization world standard population done chisquare anova tests used comparison across three study settings bresultsb selfreported tobacco use among males follows urban 352 urbanslums 483 rural 526 ipi value 005 selfreported tobacco use among females follows urban 35 urbanslums 119 rural 177 ipi value 005 males reported daily bidi tobacco wrapped temburini leaf smoking urban 178 urbanslums 367 rural 446 cigarette use urban 96 urbanslums 63 rural 29 females using smoked tobacco almost exclusively using bidis urban 17 79 11 rural daily chewed tobacco use urban urbanslum rural gradients 12 105 68 males respectively use low females bconclusionb antitobacco policies india need focus bidis antitobacco campaigns program activities must find ways reach rural urbanslum populations