William Darity|Patrick L. Mason
Evidence on Discrimination in Employment: Codes of Color, Codes of Gender
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|University of Notre Dame
substantial racial gender disparity american economy demonstrate discriminatory treatment within labor market major cause inequality yet appear particular periods racial minorities women experienced substantial reductions economic disparity discrimination questions remain movement toward racial equality stagnate mid1970s factors responsible remaining gender inequality role competitive process elimination reproduction discrimination employment successful passage federal antidiscrimination legislation 1960s producing equal opportunity environment job applicants evaluated qualifications give away answer outset discrimination race diminished somewhat discrimination gender diminished substantially neither employment discrimination race gender close ending civil rights act 1964 subsequent related legislation purged american society overt forms discrimination discriminatory practices continued covert subtle forms furthermore racial discrimination masked rationalized widelyheld presumptions black inferiority