Seth C. Kalichman
Assessing medication adherence self-efficacy among low-literacy patients: development of a pictographic visual analogue scale
University of Connecticut
health behavior interventions often grounded social cognitive theory instruments used assess selfefficacy rely verbal skills yield scores highly positively skewed based review research literature qualitative research key informants pictographic medication adherence selfefficacy scale developed two studies conducted test pictographic color visual analogue scale assessing selfefficacy medication adherence study 1 n 81 demonstrated pictographic selfefficacy scale internally consistent alpha 068 time stable 2week testretest r 063 showed evidence convergent divergent construct validity study 2 n 64 supported reliability pictographic selfefficacy scale additional data supporting convergent divergent criterionrelated validity including associations medication adherence hiv viral load distributions selfefficacy scores approximated normal newly developed pictographic scale may useful assessing medication adherence selfefficacy lowerliteracy populations