Michele L. Dreyfuss|Rebecca J. Stoltzfus|Jaya B. Shrestha|Elizabeth Kimbrough Pradhan|Steven C. LeClerq|Subarna K. Khatry|Santosh Kumar Shrestha|Joanne Katz|Marco Albonico|Keith P. West
Hookworms, Malaria and Vitamin A Deficiency Contribute to Anemia and Iron Deficiency among Pregnant Women in the Plains of Nepal
Johns Hopkins University|Johns Hopkins University|Johns Hopkins University|Johns Hopkins University|Johns Hopkins University|World Health Organization|Johns Hopkins University
anemia iron deficiency pregnancy prevalent developing countries causes always known assessed prevalence severity anemia iron deficiency association helminths malaria vitamin deficiency communitybased sample 336 pregnant women plains nepal hemoglobin erythrocyte protoporphyrin ep serum ferritin assessed venous blood samples overall 726 women anemic hemoglobin 110 gl 199 moderate severe anemia hemoglobin 90 gl 806 iron deficiency ep 70 micromolmol heme serum ferritin 10 microgl eightyeight percent cases anemia associated iron deficiency half women 542 low serum retinol concentration 105 micromoll 742 infected hookworms 198 plasmodium vivax malaria parasitemia hemoglobin ep serum ferritin concentrations significantly worse prevalence anemia elevated ep low serum ferritin increased increasing intensity hookworm infection hookworm infection intensity strongest predictor iron status especially depleted iron stores low serum retinol strongly associated mild anemia whereas p vivax malaria hookworm infection intensity stronger predictors moderate severe anemia findings reinforce need programs consider reducing prevalence hookworm malaria infection vitamin deficiency indicated addition providing iron supplements effectively control anemia