Tanja Hakkarainen, Leena Salminen, Mika Alastalo, Heli Virtanen
Online degree programmes in nurse education-Students' perceptions and academic performance: An integrative review
Nurse education today
differences apparent gut microbiome mild cognitive impairment mci dementia risk factors dementia linked alterations gut microbiome question remains gut microbiome characteristics may mediate associations education mci sought examine potential mediation association education mci gut microbiome diversity composition crosssectional study luxembourg greater region surrounding areas belgium france germany control participants luxembourg parkinsons study gut microbiome composition ascertained 16s rrna gene amplicon sequencing differential abundance assessed across education groups 010 1116 16 years education alpha diversity chao1 shannon inverse simpson indices mediation analysis effect decomposition conducted education exposure mci outcome gut microbiome metrics mediators exclusion participants 50 missing data n258 participants n58 mci included sd age646 83 years higher education 16 years associated mci odds ratio natural direct effect035 95 ci 015081 streptococcus lachnospiraceaeucg001 genera abundant higher education education associated gut microbiome composition mci risk without clear evidence mediation however results suggest signatures gut microbiome identified previously ad mci reflected lower education suggest education important covariate microbiome studies