Sofianna Ojala, Joonas Sirola, Timo Nykopp, Heikki Kröger, Henrik Nuutinen
The impact of teacher's presence on learning basic surgical tasks with virtual reality headset among medical students
Medical education online
parenting selfefficacy essential transition parenthood digital parenting educational interventions rapidly developed effects examined pooling available randomized controlled trials rcts comprehensively investigate effects digital educational interventions parents selfefficacy social support depressive symptoms first year childbirth identify significant associated factors study searched six electronic databases relevant rcts examining efficacy digital parenting interventions inception september 2022 studied outcomes included changes parents selfefficacy social support depressive symptoms observed participating digital parenting program randomeffects model used pool results subgroup moderator analyses performed total seven rcts enrolling 1342 participants included parents received digital parenting interventions higher parenting selfefficacy standardized mean difference smd 106 95 confidence interval ci 040171 p 002 social support smd 272 95 ci 038507 p 02 decreased depressive symptoms 3 months postpartum smd 039 95 ci 073 004 p 03 providing interventions 6 weeks smd 162 95 ci 118206 p 001 providing inperson orientation smd 188 95 ci 132244 p 001 including guided curriculum smd 200 95 ci 178222 p 001 conducting interventions organisation economic cooperation development countries smd 198 95 ci 178219 p 001 identified significant moderators digital parenting interventions significantly increase parenting selfefficacy social support well alleviate depressive symptoms parents first year childbirth interventions beneficial parents prefer online education future studies investigating longterm effects interventions warranted protocol systematic review metaanalysis registered prospero registration number crd42021243641