Leonie S Brose, Jessica L Reid, Debbie Robson, Ann McNeill, David Hammond
Associations between vaping and self-reported respiratory symptoms in young people in Canada, England and the US
BMC medicine
crosssectional studies linked cognition allostatic load al reflects multisystem dysregulation life course exposure stressors examine baseline changes al relationships 11 cognitive function test scores exploring health disparities according sex race longitudinal visit 1 20042009 visit 2 20092013 data analyzed 2223 healthy aging neighborhoods diversity across life span participants calculated al total score using cardiovascular metabolic inflammatory risk indicators applied groupbased trajectory modeling define al change overall stratumspecific relationships evaluated using mixedeffects linear regression models controlled sociodemographic lifestyle health characteristics baseline al significantly associated higher logtransformed part trail making test score loge trails 0020 p 0004 increasing al associated higher benton visual retention test score bvrt 035 p 0002 baseline models controlled age sex race poverty status education literacy smoking drug use 2010 healthy eating index body mass index baseline al al change related change cognitive function visits statistically significant interaction effects sex race fullyadjusted models baseline al associated worse attention executive functioning increasing al associated worse nonverbal memory visuoconstructional abilities baseline al related change cognitive function time relationships vary sex race