Vanesa Alcántara-Porcuna, Mairena Sánchez-López, Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno, María Martínez-Andrés, Abel Ruiz-Hermosa, Beatriz Rodríguez-Martín
Parents' Perceptions on Barriers and Facilitators of Physical Activity among Schoolchildren: A Qualitative Study
International journal of environmental research and public health
problembased learning pbl relies selfdirected learning small groups presence tutor effectiveness pbl often attributed dynamics group function change group function time factors influencing group function development less understood study aims explore development pbl group function time better understand factors give rise highfunctioning groups examined timefunction graphs group function conducted semistructured focus group discussions 2023 medical students enrolled pbl curriculum students reflected experiences four different pbl groups creating timefunction graphs characterize development group function 812week periods analyzed graphs transcripts staged approach using qualitative description direct content analysis sensitized two frameworks tuckmans stages group development dimensions pbl group function three archetypes pbl group function development identified slow shifters fast flippers coasters 1 slow shifters characterized complex extended pattern growth consistent tuckmans model typically occurring amongst inexperienced groups groups faced novel task 2 fast flippers characterized abrupt state changes group function arising internal external disruptions 3 coasters characterized plateaus maintenance group function frequently cited challenge abrupt changes plateaus occurred among mature groups groups significant pbl experience pbl group function varies time 3 different patterns classic tuckmans stages apparent among inexperienced groups groups facing novel tasks whereas experienced groups often face abrupt change plateaus pbl educators students consider need novelty disruption experienced groups incite growth