Timo Gnambs
The development of gender differences in information and communication technology (ICT) literacy in middle adolescence
Leibniz Institute for Educational Trajectories|Johannes Kepler University of Linz
information communication technology ict literacy represents essential skill adolescents efficiently participate modern society previous research reported conflicting findings regarding gender differences ict literacy therefore aim present study exploration crosssectional longitudinal gender effects ict literacy across period three years among sample german 15yearolds n 13943 results showed ict literacy increased across study period although gender differences ict literacy negligible age 15 small differences favor boys emerged age 18 contrast gender differences ict confidence favored boys age 15 change subsequently hypotheses regard moderating effects gender role orientations supported overall study found small differences ict literacy boys girls small size observed effect warrant alarming conclusions regarding increasing disadvantages ict literacy girls