Mohamad Alameddine, Reem AlGurg, Farah Otaki, Alawi A Alsheikh-Ali
Physicians' perspective on shared decision-making in Dubai: a cross-sectional study
Human resources for health
abstractin early twentieth century wilhelm johannsens breeding experiments pure lines beans provided empirical support groundbreaking distinction phenotype genotype foundation stone classical genetics contrast controversial history genotype concept notion phenotype remained essentially unrevised since application johannsenian concept phenotype modularly built nonunitary plants however needs reexamination first part article shown johannsens appealing solution dealing multiplicity nonidentical organs produced plant individuals representing individual plant phenotypes arithmetic means persisted day reflected intellectual commitment nineteenthcentury typological thinking revisitation johannsens results using current statistical tools upholds major conclusion nature heredity time falsifies two important ancillary conclusions experimentsnamely alleged homogeneity pure lines genotypes regarding seed weight variability lack transgenerational effects withinline withingenotype seed weight variation canonical notion individual plant phenotypes arithmetic means therefore superseded concept phenotype dual property consisting central tendency variability components organ trait distribution phenotype duality offers unifying framework applicable nonunitary organisms