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Positive psychological capital, post-traumatic growth, social support, and quality of life in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: A cross-sectional study
Lupus
cognitive deficits common people received cranial irradiation serious impact daily functioning quality life benefit pharmacological nonpharmacological treatment cognitive deficits population unclear updated version original cochrane review published issue 12 2014 assess effectiveness interventions preventing ameliorating cognitive deficits adults treated cranial irradiation review update searched cochrane register controlled trials central medline via ovid embase via ovid psycinfo via ovid 12 september 2022 included randomised controlled rcts trials evaluated pharmacological nonpharmacological interventions cranial irradiated adults objective cognitive functioning primary secondary outcome measure two review authors mk jd independently extracted data selected studies carried risk bias assessment cognitive function fatigue mood outcomes reported data pooled eight studies met inclusion criteria included updated review six original version review two added search updated nineteen studies assessed part update fulfil inclusion criteria eight included studies four studies investigated prevention cognitive problems radiotherapy followup four studies investigated amelioration interventions treat cognitive impairment late complication radiotherapy five pharmacological studies two studies prevention three amelioration three nonpharmacological studies two prevention one amelioration due differences studies interventions evaluated metaanalysis possible studies early radiotherapy treatment phase five studies pharmacological studies early radiotherapy treatment phase designed prevent ameliorate cognitive deficits included drugs used dementia memantine fatigue dthreomethylphenidate hydrochloride nonpharmacological studies early radiotherapy treatment phase included ketogenic diet twoweek cognitive rehabilitation problemsolving programme memantine study primary cognitive outcome memory six months reach significance significant improvement overall cognitive function compared placebo similar adverse events across groups dthreomethylphenidate hydrochloride study found statistically significant difference arms adverse events study calorierestricted ketogenic diet found effect although lower expected calorie intake control group complicates interpretation results study investigating utility rehabilitation program carry statistical comparison cognitive performance groups studies delayed radiation late effect phase four studies amelioration pharmacological studies treat cognitive complications radiotherapy included drugs used dementia donepezil psychostimulants methylphenidate modafinil nonpharmacological measures included cognitive rehabilitation problem solving goal management training studies included patients cognitive problems entry stable brain cancer donepezil study find improvement primary cognitive outcome overall cognitive performance find improvement individual test memory compared placebo adverse events reported study comparing methylphenidate modafinil found improvements cognitive function methylphenidate modafinil arms adverse events reported another study comparing two different doses modafinil combined treatment arms found improvements across cognitive tests however number adverse events reported studies limited small sample size goal management training study suggested benefit intervention behavioural intervention combined mindfulness strategy training executive function processing speed number limitations across studies without high risks bias update limited additional evidence found treatment amelioration cognitive deficits adults treated cranial irradiation concluded original review supportive evidence memantine may help prevent cognitive deficits adults brain metastases receiving cranial irradiation supportive evidence donepezil methylphenidate modafinil may role treating cognitive deficits adults brain tumours treated cranial irradiation patient withdrawal affected statistical power studies research tries minimise withdrawal consent subsequently reduce requirement imputation procedures may offer higher certainty evidence evidence single small study support nonpharmacological interventions amelioration cognitive deficits research required