Phuong Nguyen-Hoang, Ryan Yeung
From mother to child: the effects of prenatal maternal passive smoking on academic outcomes in the United States
Journal of public health policy
science educationvolume 84 issue 2 p 154179 equity black americans precollege science mary monroe atwater corresponding author mary monroe atwater email protected college education university georgia 212 aderhold hall athens ga 306027126 usacollege education university georgia 212 aderhold hall athens ga 306027126 usasearch papers author mary monroe atwater corresponding author mary monroe atwater email protected college education university georgia 212 aderhold hall athens ga 306027126 usacollege education university georgia 212 aderhold hall athens ga 306027126 usasearch papers author first published 03 february 2000 httpsdoiorg101002sici1098237x200003842154aidsce230co2rcitations 64aboutpdf toolsrequest permissionexport citationadd favoritestrack citation shareshare give accessshare full text accessshare fulltext accessplease review terms conditions use check box share fulltext version articlei read accept wiley online library terms conditions useshareable linkuse link share fulltext version article friends colleagues learn morecopy url share linkshare onemailfacebooktwitterlinkedinredditwechat abstract purpose article explore many experiences black americans science education united states propose changes black americans equitable opportunity engage learn quality science outcome quality science possession science knowledge skills black american students either maintain change world choose science americans delineates themes habits minds scientifically literate high school graduates possess however preparatory fundamentals black american students equity exist science education equity science learning science teaching science schooling practices quality science opportunities discussed science learning black american students continue championed however debate persists efficiency culturally relevant science learning instruction many impoverished rural urban black american students inadequate low teacher expectation inadequate science knowledge skills teachers teachers poorly clarified professional cultural beliefs values science curricula focus knowledge skills outlined science americans progress toward schooling practices occurred however implemented long enough determine impact black americans science learning proposed solutions aimed providing equitable opportunities students learn quality science include preparing multicultural science teachers eliminating tracking schools equipping classes science curriculum materials technology supplying financial resources 2000 john wiley sons inc sci ed 84154179 2000 references african american education data book volume ii preschool high school education 1997 fairfax va frederick patterson research institute college funduncf aikenhead g 1996 science education border crossing subculture science studies science education 27 152 alsalam n fischer g e ogle l rogers g smith 1993 condition education 1993 washington dc us government printing office anderson j 1988 cognitive styles multicultural 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