Antoine Piau|Katherine Wild|Nora Mattek|Jeffrey Kaye
Current State of Digital Biomarker Technologies for Real-Life, Home-Based Monitoring of Cognitive Function for Mild Cognitive Impairment to Mild Alzheimer Disease and Implications for Clinical Care: Systematic Review
Oregon Health & Science University|Oregon Health & Science University|Oregon Health & Science University|Oregon Health & Science University
among areas challenged progress dementia care assessment change symptoms time digital biomarkers defined objective quantifiable physiological behavioral data collected measured means digital devices embedded environmental sensors wearables digital biomarkers provide alternative assessment approach allow objective ecologically valid longterm followup continuous assessment despite promise multitude sensors devices applied agreedupon standards digital biomarkers comprehensive evidencebased results digital biomarkers may demonstrated effectivein review seek answer following questions 1 evidence reallife homebased use technologies early detection followup mild cognitive impairment mci dementia 2 transformation might clinicians expect everyday practicesa systematic search conducted pubmed cochrane scopus databases papers published inception july 2018 searched studies examining implementation digital biomarker technologies mild cognitive impairment mild alzheimer disease followup detection nonclinic homebased settings studies included following examined communitydwelling older adults aged 65 years older cognitively healthy participants presenting cognitive decline subjective cognitive complaints early alzheimer disease focus homebased evaluation noninterventional followup remote diagnosis cognitive deteriorationan initial sample 4811 englishlanguage papers retrieved screening review 26 studies eligible inclusion review studies ranged 12 279 participants lasted 3 days 36 years common reasons exclusion follows inappropriate setting eg hospital setting intervention eg drugs rehabilitation population eg psychiatry parkinson disease summarized studies four groups accounting overlap based proposed technological solutions extract relevant data 1 data dedicated embedded passive sensors 2 data dedicated wearable sensors 3 data dedicated purposive technological solutions eg games surveys 4 data derived use nondedicated technological solutions eg computer mouse movementsfew publications dealt homebased reallife evaluations technologies far removed everyday life experiences mature enough use nonoptimal uncontrolled conditions evidence available embedded passive sensors represents relatively mature research area suggesting solutions could proposed larger populations coming decade clinical research communities would benefit increasing attention technologies going forward