Samantha Johnson|Victoria Y Strauss|Camilla Gilmore|Julia Jaekel|Neil Marlow|Dieter Wolke
Learning disabilities among extremely preterm children without neurosensory impairment: Comorbidity, neuropsychological profiles and scholastic outcomes
University of Leicester|Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre|University of Oxford|Loughborough University|University of Warwick|Knoxville College|University of Tennessee at Knoxville|Ruhr University Bochum|University College London|University of Warwick
children born extremely preterm high risk intellectual disability learning disabilities executive dysfunction special educational needs little understood comorbidity intellectual learning disabilities populationthis study explored comorbidity intellectual disability id learning disabilities ld children born extremely preterm ep 260weeks gestationa uk national cohort 161 ep children 153 termborn controls without neurosensory impairments assessed 11years age epicure studyiq mathematics reading attainment executive function visuospatial processing sensorimotor skills assessed using standardised tests curriculumbased attainment special educational needs sen using teacher reportsoverall 75 47 ep children 7 46 controls id ld rr 1012 95 ci 481 2127 comorbidity idld common among ep children controls 24 vs 0 ep children comorbid idld significantly poorer neuropsychological abilities curriculumbased attainment ep children isolated disability disabilities ld associated 3 times increased risk sen however ep children id alone poorer neuropsychological abilities curriculumbased attainment children disabilities yet increase sen provision among groupep children high risk comorbid intellectual learning disabilities education professionals aware complex nature ep childrens difficulties need multidomain assessments guide intervention