Luise Marques da Rocha, Mara Behlau, Luciano Dias de Mattos Souza
Behavioral Dysphonia and Depression in Elementary School Teachers
Journal of voice : official journal of the Voice Foundation
verify influence schooling reading speed measures elementary school junior high also aims explore levels accuracy variables reading speed epidemiological investigation stages cases 535 students 2nd 9th grade private school state school system participated study oral reading simple text evaluated following parameters words read per minute correctly words read per minute descriptive statistics ttest measures significance 5 conducted besides zscore standardized individual results corroborate literature review shows increase reading speed progression schooling reading fluency presented construction process 2nd 7th grades stabilization 7th year fluent homogeneous reading sedimented 7th 9th grades study proposes interpretation findings scales suggestive deficit using zscore data stratified values suggestive significant deficit nonsuggestive total five strata stratification allows clearer reference point scholar found expected ranges schooling measures expected values according schooling essential betterquality knowledge reading development provide reference standards adequate monitoring clinical educational sphere prediction reading skills difficulties