Kavita Batra|Manoj Sharma|Chia?Liang Dai|Jagdish Khubchandani
COVID-19 Booster Vaccination Hesitancy in the United States: A Multi-Theory-Model (MTM)-Based National Assessment
University of Nevada, Las Vegas|University of Nevada, Las Vegas|University of Nevada, Las Vegas|New Mexico State University
background despite availability covid19 vaccines proven benefits vaccinations outweighing potential risks hesitancy accept vaccines additional doses remains persistent problem therefore purpose study investigate hesitancy confidence literacy role multitheory model mtm constructs covid19 booster uptake methods crosssectional study utilized 52item psychometric valid webbased survey conducted month october 2021 recruit nationally representative sample us adults univariate bivariate multivariate statistical tests used analyze data results among booster hesitant group n 209 417 significantly larger proportion respondents unvaccinated primary series 435 vs 11 p 0001 among 1844 years age group 512 vs 318 p 0001 single never married 330 vs 243 p 004 lower education high school 62 vs 24 p 003 identified republicans 316 vs 205 p 001 hesitant group lower mean scores vaccine literacy vaccine confidence 19 lower odds behavioral confidence nonhesitant counterparts adjusted odds ratio 081 95 ci 071092 conclusions findings study underscore need raising public awareness effective multitheorymodelbased communication campaigns