Hannah R Thompson, Robin Haguewood, Nicole Tantoco, Kristine A Madsen
Lessons Learned: A Strategic Alliance to Improve Elementary Physical Education in an Urban School District
Progress in community health partnerships : research, education, and action
shared decisionmaking preferred method evaluating complex tradeoffs care patients critical illness however remains unknown whether critical care clinicians engage diverse patients caregivers equitably shared decisionmaking compare critical care clinicians approaches shared decisionmaking recorded conversations black white caregivers patients critical illness thematic analysis consisted unstructured cliniciancaregiver meetings audiorecorded randomized clinical trial decision aid prolonged mechanical ventilation 13 intensive care units us participants meetings included critical care clinicians black white caregivers patients underwent mechanical ventilation codebook included components shared decisionmaking known mechanisms racial disparities clinical communication analysts blinded caregiver race coding patterns within across racial groups evaluated identify themes data analysis conducted august 2021 april 2023 main outcomes themes describing clinician behaviors varying selfreported race caregivers overall sample comprised 20 black 19 white caregivers total 39 audiorecorded meetings clinicians duration meetings similar black white caregivers mean sd 239 137 minutes vs 221 112 minutes respectively black white caregivers generally middleaged mean sd age 476 99 years vs 519 88 years respectively female 15 750 vs 14 737 respectively possessed high level selfassessed health literacy scored 3 15 lower scores indicating increasing health literacy mean sd 58 23 vs 53 20 respectively clinicians conducting meetings black white caregivers generally young mean sd age 388 66 years vs 379 82 years respectively male 13 722 vs 12 706 respectively white 14 778 vs 17 100 respectively four variations clinicians shared decisionmaking behaviors caregiver race identified 1 providing limited emotional support black caregivers 2 failing acknowledge trust gratitude expressed black caregivers 3 sharing limited medical information black caregivers 4 challenging black caregivers preferences restorative care themes encompass relational informational aspects shared decisionmaking results thematic analysis showed critical care clinicians missed opportunities acknowledge emotions value knowledge black caregivers compared white caregivers findings may inform future clinicianlevel interventions aimed promoting equitable shared decisionmaking