Brian Byrne|William L. Coventry|Richard K. Olson|Stefan Samuelsson|Robin P. Corley|Erik G. Willcutt|Sally J. Wadsworth|John C. DeFries
Genetic and environmental influences on aspects of literacy and language in early childhood: Continuity and change from preschool to Grade 2
University of New England|University of New England|University of Colorado Boulder|Linköping University|University of Stavanger|University of Colorado Boulder|University of Colorado Boulder|University of Colorado Boulder|University of Colorado Boulder
early literacy language skills twin children usa australia scandinavia explored genetically sensitive design maximum n 615 pairs article report aspects preschool grade 2 data grade 2 strong genetic influences word reading reading comprehension spelling vocabulary equally affected genes shared environment multivariate analyses indicated substantial genetic overlap among grade 2 literacy variables longitudinal analyses showed genetic factors evident preschool stage continued affect literacy vocabulary three years later grade 2 also evidence new genetic factors coming play time interval least literacy suggestions made search underlying biological cognitive processes educational implications explored