Hamideh Zahedi, Leila Mohammadinia, Seyedeh Leila Dehghani, Sajjad Habibzadeh, Nasrin Kheibar
The association between health literacy and pedestrian safety behavior among adults: a cross-sectional study
BMC public health
childrens awareness cognitive skills metacognition hypothesized play major role learning development role examined experimental study third fifth graders reading comprehension children four classrooms given experimental curriculum informed strategies learning isl designed increase childrens awareness use effective reading strategies children participated isl made larger gains children control classrooms cloze error detection tasks differences groups found two standardized tests reading comprehension study demonstrates metacognition promoted direct instruction classrooms increased awareness lead better use reading strategies although children learn read home school many different forms instruction acquire fundamental reading skills within several years third fourth grade children expected able pick main ideas text attend important information peripheral details connect ideas different parts stories skills among many others included scope sequence charts basal reading series repeated throughout elementary grades difficult material nevertheless many children progress beyond decoding words induce effective comprehension skills ryan 1981 rather instructing children use strategies improve comprehension many teachers simply give poor readers practice worksheets mastered durkins 19781979 classroom observations revealed intermediate teachers