James P. M. Syvitski|Colin N. Waters|John W. Day|John D. Milliman|Colin Summerhayes|Will Steffen|Jan Zalasiewicz|Alejandro Cearreta|Agnieszka Ga?uszka|Irka Hajdas|Martin J. Head|Reinhold Leinfelder|John McNeill|Clément Poirier|Neil L. Rose|William Shotyk|Michael Wagreich|Mark Williams
Extraordinary human energy consumption and resultant geological impacts beginning around 1950 CE initiated the proposed Anthropocene Epoch
University of Colorado Boulder|Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research|University of Leicester|Louisiana State University|William & Mary|Australian National University|University of Leicester|University of the Basque Country|Jan Kochanowski University|ETH Zurich|Brock University|Freie Universität Berlin|Université de Rouen Normandie|Université de Caen Normandie|French National Centre for Scientific Research|University College London|University of Alberta|University of Vienna|University of Leicester
abstract growth fundamental driversenergy use economic productivity populationcan provide quantitative indications proposed boundary holocene epoch anthropocene human energy expenditure anthropocene 22 zetajoules zj exceeds across prior 11700 years holocene 146 zj largely combustion fossil fuels global warming effect anthropocene order magnitude greater still global human population productivity energy consumption changes impacting global environment highly correlated extraordinary outburst consumption productivity demonstrates earth system departed holocene state since 1950 ce forcing abrupt physical chemical biological changes earths stratigraphic record used justify proposal naming new epochthe anthropocene