Stephen P Uong, Jacqueline M Torres, Stacey E Alexeeff, Brittany N Morey, Bette J Caan, Lawrence H Kushi, Candyce H Kroenke
Differences in Smoking Behavior by Nativity, Race/Ethnicity, and Education among Women Diagnosed with Breast Cancer
Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology
black individuals less likely receive accurate diagnosis mild cognitive impairment mci white counterparts possibly diagnoses typically made physician often without reference objective neuropsychological test data examined racial differences actuarial mci diagnoses among individuals diagnosed mci via semistructured clinical interview clinical dementia rating examine possible biases diagnostic process participants drawn national alzheimers coordinating center uniform data set included 491 individuals selfidentifying black 2818 individuals selfidentifying white chisquare tests used examine racial differences rates low scores cognitive test domains assessed included attention processing speedexecutive functioning memory language visual skills next tested racial differences probability meeting actuarial criteria mci race compared black participants diagnosed mci via clinical interview white individuals diagnosed mci via clinical interview demonstrated significantly higher rates low demographicallyadjusted zscores tests memory attention processing speed verbal fluency furthermore white individuals significantly likely meet actuarial criteria mci 7160 black individuals 5790 results suggest may bias mci classification based semistructured interview leading diagnosis among black individuals andor diagnosis among white individuals examination neuropsychological test data use actuarial approaches may reduce racial disparities diagnosis mci nonetheless issues related racebased norming differential symptom presentations complicate interpretation results