H Lee Swanson, Michael J Orosco, Catherine M Lussier
Growth in literacy, cognition, and working memory in English language learners
Journal of experimental child psychology
sought assess trends emergency medicine residency program director pd length service past 40 years evaluate relationships duration service important factors pd start year geographic region year program initial accreditation retrospectively analyzed program data american medical association graduate medical education directory emergency medicine residents association match database calculated descriptive statistics used linear regression assess impact pd start year region year program initial accreditation pd duration service gathered data 783 unique pds 1983 2023 overall mean sd pd duration service 619 472 years range 129 years mean duration service decade start date 649 years 1980s 739 years 1990s 592 years 2000s 408 years 2010s 2 years 2020s pd start year p 0002 program initial accreditation year p 0001 significantly predicted duration pd service region significantly predict duration pd service p 0225 duration service pd decreasing recent decades pd start year year initial program accreditation significantly predict duration service pd future research must done better understand phenomenon uncover strategies promote pd longevity