Riki Verhoeven, René Butter, Rob Martens, Marie-José Enders-Slegers
Animal-Assisted Education: Exploratory Research on the Positive Impact of Dogs on Behavioral and Emotional Outcomes of Elementary School Students
Children (Basel, Switzerland)
duncan et al 2007 examined associations early behavioral cognitive skills later achievement associations examined 6 different data sets results converged suggest early behavioral competences problems little prediction later achievement attentional competences small positive relations later achievement contrast cognitive abilities far strongest predictors achievement provide investigate potential reasons duncan et al found little association behavior later achievement reanalysis data 3 studies previously analyzed duncan et al potential reasons include validity behavioral measures treatment behavioral measures continuous opposed categorical choice data analytic method article discuss issues greater length address reanalysis also bring question nature relationship behavior achievement generally reanalysis supports idea attention measures predictive behavioral measures however certain behavior measures showed small moderate associations concurrent levels academic achievement changes academic achievement elementary school