Mazen El-Baba, Jesse McLaren, Niran Argintaru
The HEARTS ECG workshop: a novel approach to resident and student ECG education
International journal of emergency medicine
healthcare speaking refers healthcare workers raise concerns regarding patient safety questions sharing information expressing opinion prevent harmful incidents ensure patient safety conversely withholding voice act raising concerns could beneficial certain situations factors associated speaking withholding voices fully understood especially strong authoritarian societies malaysia study aimed examine factors associated speaking withholding voices healthcare workers malaysia thus providing suggestions used countries facing similar patient safety challenges crosssectional study conducted tertiary hospital sarawak state malaysia data collected 474 healthcare workers 43 departments using selfadministered questionnaire speaking withholding voices measures 4 weeks prior data analysis well sociodemographic factors healthcare workers sex age group profession department weekly work hours patient care years employment hospital hierarchical level speaking related climate working environment recorded data analyzed using descriptive statistics logistic regression performed find adjusted odds ratio frequent speaking withholding voices nurse compared doctors healthcare workers short weekly working hours likely speak healthcare workers emergency intensive care department short years employment worked low hierarchical levels less likely speak healthcare workers discouraging environment towards speaking likely withhold voices study demonstrates characteristics healthcare workers speak withhold voices malaysia ensure patient safety prevent harm essential establish encouraging environment promotes speaking prevents withholding voices among healthcare worker especially circumstances multiple types healthcare workers different sociodemographic backgrounds work together