Dean Spears|Sneha Lamba
Effects of Early-Life Exposure to Sanitation on Childhood Cognitive Skills: Evidence from Indias Total Sanitation Campaign
earlylife health shapes cognitive skills human capital india widespread open defecation without using toilet important source childhood disease study effects childhood cognitive achievement earlylife exposure indias total sanitation campaign tsc large government program encouraged local governments build latrines promote use find tsc caused sixyearolds exposed first year life likely recognize letters simple numbers results suggest open defecation important threat human capital india