YuChun Yao, Ann Long, Yun Shan Tseng, Chun-Ying Chiang, Fan-Ko Sun
Undergraduate nursing students' learning experiences using design thinking on a human development course: A phenomenological study
Nurse education in practice
immunization rates children adults rising coverage levels reached optimal goals result vaccinepreventable diseases still occur era increasing complexity immunization schedules rising expectations performance primary care large demands primary care providers important understand promote interventions work primary care settings increase immunization coverage one common theme across immunization programs many nations involves challenge implementing populationbased approach identifying eligible recipients example children receive measles vaccine however issue gradually addressed availability immunization registries electronic health records second common theme identifying best strategies promote high vaccination rates three types strategies studied 1 patientoriented interventions patient reminder recall 2 provider interventions 3 system interventions school laws one prominent intervention strategies perhaps best studied involves patient reminder recall systems update previously published reviewto evaluate compare effectiveness various types patient reminder recall interventions improve receipt immunizationswe searched central medline embase cinahl january 2017 also searched grey literature trial registers january 2017we included randomized trials controlled studies interrupted time series evaluating immunizationfocused patient reminder recall interventions children adolescents adults receive immunizations setting included nointervention control groups standard practice activities include immunization patient reminder recall mediabased activities aimed promoting immunizations simple practicebased awareness campaigns included receipt immunizations eligible outcome measures excluding special travel immunizations excluded patients hospitalized duration study periodwe used standard methodological procedures expected cochrane cochrane effective practice organisation care epoc group present results individual studies relative rates using risk ratios risk differences randomized trials absolute changes percentage points controlled beforeafter studies present pooled results randomized trials using randomeffects modelthe 75 included studies involved child adolescent adult participants outpatient communitybased primary care settings 10 countriespatient reminder recall interventions including telephone autodialer calls letters postcards text messages combination mail telephone combination patient reminder recall outreach probably improve proportion participants receive immunization risk ratio rr 128 95 confidence interval ci 123 135 risk difference 8 based moderate certainty evidence 55 studies 138625 participantsthree types singlemethod reminders improve receipt immunizations based high certainty evidence use postcards rr 118 95 ci 108 130 eight studies 27734 participants text messages rr 129 95 ci 115 144 six studies 7772 participants autodialer rr 117 95 ci 103 132 five studies 11947 participants two types singlemethod reminders probably improve receipt immunizations based moderate certainty evidence use telephone calls rr 175 95 ci 120 254 seven studies 9120 participants letters patients rr 129 95 ci 121 138 27 studies 81100 participantsbased high certainty evidence reminders improve receipt immunizations childhood rr 122 95 ci 115 129 risk difference 8 23 studies 31099 participants adolescent vaccinations rr 129 95 ci 117 142 risk difference 7 10 studies 30868 participants reminders probably improve receipt vaccinations childhood influenza rr 151 95 ci 114 199 risk difference 22 five studies 9265 participants adult influenza rr 129 95 ci 117 143 risk difference 9 15 studies 59328 participants based moderate certainty evidence may improve receipt vaccinations adult pneumococcus tetanus hepatitis b noninfluenza vaccinations based low certainty evidence although confidence interval includes effect interventions rr 208 95 ci 091 478 four studies 8065 participantspatient reminder recall systems primary care settings likely effective improving proportion target population receive immunizations