Mehtabul Azam|Aimee Chin|Nishith Prakash
The Returns to English-Language Skills in India
Oklahoma State University Oklahoma City|University of Houston
indias colonial legacy linguistic diversity give english important role economy role expanded due globalization recent decades study use individuallevel data 2005 india human development survey quantify effects englishlanguage skills wages controlling age social group schooling geography proxies ability find hourly wages average 34 higher men speak fluent english 13 higher men speak little english relative men speak english return fluent english large return completing secondary school half large return completing bachelors degree addition find experienced educated workers receive higher returns english complementarity english skills education appears strengthened timeonly educated among young workers receive premium englishspeaking ability whereas older workers across education groups