Carmen Del Pilar Gallardo-Montes, María Jesús Caurcel Cara, Antonio Rodríguez Fuentes, Davide Capperucci
Opinions, training and requirements regarding ICT of educators in Florence and Granada for students with functional diversity
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one four individuals parkinsons disease pd experience cognitive impairment ci however practical models integrating clinical neuroimaging biomarkers developed address ci pd study aimed evaluate correlation circulating neuronspecific enolase nse levels substantia nigra hyperechogenicity snh cognitive function pd develop nomogram based clinical neuroimaging biomarkers predicting ci patients pd total 385 patients pd underwent transcranial sonography tcs january 2021 december 2022 beijing tiantan hospital capital medical university recruited training cohort validation 165 patients pd treated january 2023 december 2023 enrolled data snh plasma nse clinical measures collected cognitive function assessed using montreal cognitive assessment moca logistic regression analysis employed select potential risk factors establish nomogram receiver operating characteristic curve calibration curve generated evaluate performance nomogram patients pd exhibiting ci displayed advanced age elevated unified pd rating scaleiii updrsiii score increased percentage snh higher levels plasma nse homocysteine hcy larger snh area lower education levels compared pd patients without ci gender odds ratio 0561 95 confidence interval ci 03300954 p003 age 1039 95 ci 10111066 p0005 education level 0892 95 ci 08420954 p0001 updrsiii scores 1026 95 ci 10091043 p0003 plasma nse concentration 1562 95 ci 13741776 p0001 snh 0545 95 ci 03300902 p002 independent predictors ci patients pd nomogram developed using six factors yielded moderate discrimination performance area curve auc 0823 95 ci 07810864 p0001 calibration curve demonstrated acceptable agreement predicted outcomes actual values validation confirmed reliability nomogram auc 0864 95 ci 08050922 p0001 level nse plasma snh assessed tcs associated ci patients pd proposed nomogram potential facilitate detection cognitive decline individuals pd