Matthew J Hayat, MyoungJin Kim, Todd A Schwartz, Michael R Jiroutek
A study of statistics knowledge among nurse faculty in schools with research doctorate programs
Nursing outlook
decline communism end postcold war seen rise nationalism many parts former communist world countries former soviet union yugoslavia nationalism pursued largely bottom ethnic separatist movements observers also take bottomup approach find major cause chinese nationalism believe nationalist wave china spontaneous public reaction series international events government propaganda zhang 1997 new thinking sinous relations journal contemporary china 614 117123 see chinese nationalism belated response talk containing china among journalists politicians united states public protest mistreatment us last several years li h 1997 china talks back antiamericanism nationalism journal contemporary china 614 153160 position concurs authors nationalistic books china china say political sentimental choice postcold war era song q zhang z qiao b 1996 zhongguo keyi shuo bu china say zhonghua gongshang lianhe chubanshe beijing called upon chinese political elites say us argue rise nationalism result official propaganda reflection state mind new generation chinese intelligentsia response foreign pressures postcold war era indeed chinese nationalism mainly reactive sentiments foreign suppressions modern history new wave nationalist sentiment also harbored sense wounded national pride antiforeign particularly us japan resentment many chinese intellectuals gave voice rising nationalistic discourse 1990s zhao 1997 chinese intellectuals quest national greatness nationalistic writing 1990s china quarterly 152 725745 however chinese nationalism 1990s also constructed enacted top communist state major military threats chinas security end cold war instead internal legitimacy crisis became grave concern chinese communist regime rapid decay communist ideology response communist regime substituted performance legitimacy provided surging economic development nationalist legitimacy provided invocation distinctive characteristics chinese culture place marxistleninism mao zedong thought one important maneuvers enact chinese nationalism communist government launched extensive propaganda campaign patriotic education tiananmen incident 1989 patriotic education campaign wellengineered appealed nationalism name patriotism ensure loyalty population otherwise subject many domestic discontents communist regime striving maintain authoritarian control communist ideology becoming obsolete postcold war era warned existence hostile international forces world perpetuating imperialist insult chinese pride patriotic education campaign stateled nationalist movement redefined legitimacy posttiananmen leadership way would permit communist partys rule continue basis noncommunist ideology patriotism thus used bolster ccp power country portrayed besieged embattled dependence patriotism build support government patriotic education campaign communist propagandists directly responsible nationalistic sentiment chinese people mid1990s paper focuses communist state architect nationalism china seeks understand rise chinese nationalism examining patriotic education campaign begins analysis nationalism took place official ideology coalescing force posttiananmen years goes examine process contents methods effectiveness patriotic education campaign conclusion offers perspective instrumental aspect stateled nationalism