Ann E. Geers|Michael Strube|Emily A. Tobey|David B. Pisoni|Jean S. Moog
Epilogue: Factors Contributing to Long-Term Outcomes of Cochlear Implantation in Early Childhood
The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center|The University of Texas at Dallas|The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center|The University of Texas at Dallas|Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis|Indiana University Bloomington|Indiana University Health|Central Institute for the Deaf
report focuses speech perception speech production language literacy performance adolescence influenced common set predictor variables obtained elementary school large group teenagers using cochlear implants cistimelag analyses incorporating seven common predictor variables associated elementary school test period evaluated elementary schoolage variables included five contributors across performance domains gender performance intelligence quotient family size socioeconomic status duration deafness operationally defined time period age implantation onset deafness regression analyses examined communication mode early elementary grades influenced skills exhibited high school influence mediated information capacity immediate memoryhigh correlations occurred outcome measures collected cie session similar measures collected cihs values ranging 075 083 indicating relative standing individuals outcomes highly stable time best performers elementary grades exhibit best outcomes high school early difficulties tend persist throughout elementary high school years highly related outcome areas language readingliteracy values ranging 074 088 skills seem closely linked ci children demonstrate best vocabulary syntax skills elementary grades achieved highest literacy performance high school speech perception speech production skills also highly correlated one another r 069 087 suggesting direct result improved auditory input ci childs ability produce intelligible speech lowest correlations observed readingliteracy speech perception r 030 054 speech production values ranging 031 058 cie verbal rehearsal speed independent powerful predictor early performance outcome accounting 13 30 variance early outcomes beyond accounted gender family size socioeconomic status performance intelligence quotient duration deafness cie sign enhancement ratio group mean scores language reading social adjustment generally within sd normative samples typically developing agemates normal hearinguse sign enhance spoken communication negatively influenced verbal rehearsal speed strong predictor early outcomes turn strongly influenced later outcomes analyses suggest early communication mode exerts powerful influence early outcomes persist later years speech perception speech intelligibility language literacy psychosocial adjustment far exceeded reported similar groups advent ci technology