Melanie M Cooper, Marcos D Caballero, Justin H Carmel, Erin M Duffy, Diane Ebert-May, Cori L Fata-Hartley, Deborah G Herrington, James T Laverty, Paul C Nelson, Lynmarie A Posey, Jon R Stoltzfus, Ryan L Stowe, Ryan D Sweeder, Stuart Tessmer, Sonia M Underwood
Beyond active learning: Using 3-Dimensional learning to create scientifically authentic, student-centered classrooms
PloS one
fragility index statistical measure robustness stability statistically significant result adapted assess robustness statistically significant outcomes randomized controlled trials hypothetically switching nonresponders responders instance metric measures many individuals would need responded statistically significant finding become nonstatistically significant purpose study assess fragility index randomized controlled trials evaluating opioid substitution antagonist therapies opioid use disorder provide indication robustness trials field confidence placed trials outcomes potentially identifying ways improve clinical research field especially important opioid use disorder become global epidemic incidence opioid related fatalities climbed 500 past two decades six databases searched inception september 25 2021 randomized controlled trials evaluating opioid substitution antagonist therapies opioid use disorder meeting necessary requirements fragility index calculation specifically included parallel arm twobytwo factorial design rcts assessed effectiveness opioid substitution antagonist therapies using binary primary outcome reported statistically significant result fragility index study calculated using methods described walsh colleagues risk bias included studies assessed using revised cochrane risk bias tool randomized trials ten studies median sample size 825 interquartile range iqr 58 179 range 52226 eligible inclusion overall risk bias deemed low seven studies concerns two studies high one study median fragility index 75 iqr 4 12 range 126 results suggest approximately eight participants needed overturn conclusions majority trials opioid use disorder future work focus maximizing transparency reporting study results reporting confidence intervals fragility indexes emphasizing clinical relevance findings prospero crd42013006507 registered november 25 2013