Mangesh S. Pednekar|Rajeev Gupta|Prakash C. Gupta
Illiteracy, low educational status, and cardiovascular mortality in India
Healis Sekhsaria Institute For Public Health|Fortis Escorts Hospital|Healis Sekhsaria Institute For Public Health
influence education marker ses cardiovascular disease cvd mortality evaluated lowincome countries determine influence education cvd mortality cohort study performed india 148173 individuals aged 35 years recruited mumbai 19911997 followed ascertain vital status 19972003 subjects divided according educational status one five groups illiterate primary school 5 years formal education middle school 68 years secondary school 910 years college 10 years multivariate analyses using cox proportional hazard model performed hazard ratios hrs 95 confidence intervals cis determined average followup 55 years 774129 personyears 13261 deaths observed cvd major cause death five educational groups age adjusted allcause mortality per 100000 illiterate college going men respectively 2154 2149 1793 1543 1187 cvd mortality 471 654 618 518 450 women allcause mortality 1444 949 896 981 962 cvd mortality 429 301 267 426 317 ptrend 001 compared illiterate ageadjusted hrs cvd mortality primary school college going men 136 127 101 088 ptrend 005 women 069 055 104 074 respectively ptrend 005 inverse association literacy status allcause mortality observed indian men women cvd mortality observed men