Natalia Linos|Natalie Slopen|S. V. Subramanian|Lisa F. Berkman|Ichiro Kawachi
Influence of Community Social Norms on Spousal Violence: A Population-Based Multilevel Study of Nigerian Women
Harvard University|Harvard University|Harvard University|Harvard University|Harvard University
objectives examined whether social norms toward spousal violence nigeria state level associated womans exposure physical sexual violence perpetrated husband methods using data 2008 demographic health survey fit four 3level random intercepts models examine contextual factors associated spousal violence accounting individuallevel predictors results 18 798 evermarried nigerian women sample 187 reported exposure spousal sexual physical violence prevalence geographically patterned state ranged 3 50 permissive statelevel social norms toward spousal violence positively associated womans report physical sexual violence perpetrated husband odds ratio 180 95 confidence interval ci 117 277 adjusting individuallevel characteristics number individuallevel variables significantly associated victimization including womans accepting beliefs toward spousal violence 111 95 ci 109 114 women living states sharia law less likely report spousal violence 058 95 ci 035 095 conclusions efforts end violence women particularly spousal violence consider broader social contextual determinants violence including social norms