Camilla Elena Magi, Stefano Bambi, Laura Rasero, Yari Longobucco, Khadija El Aoufy, Carla Amato, Ercole Vellone, Guglielmo Bonaccorsi, Chiara Lorini, Paolo Iovino
Health Literacy and Self-Care in Patients with Chronic Illness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)
among animals visual acuity several predatory bird species probably outstanding ease visually based tasks administered led researchers predominantly use visual modality studying avian cognition wild skua populations routinely use acoustic cues emitted prey foraging study thus assessed whether species able locate hidden food using acoustic cues alone training phase subsequent test phase investigated capacity successful individuals choose correct baited container four conditions baited shaking baited container ii full information shaking containers iii exclusion shaking empty container iv control shaking neither container four ten subjects succeeded locating baited container training phase test phase subjects chose baited container significantly empty container baited full information condition performance chance level control condition sound emanated empty container exclusion condition one four skuas chose baited container accuracy predicted chance bird chose correctly first trial first five trials performance unlikely due learning processes learning exclude empty container although tests necessary draw firm conclusions results open way assessing species reasoning abilities wild