Ju-Hyeong Park, Angela R Lemons, Jerry Roseman, Brett J Green, Jean M Cox-Ganser
Bacterial community assemblages in classroom floor dust of 50 public schools in a large city: characterization using 16S rRNA sequences and associations with environmental factors
Microbiome
research association maternal pm25 exposure hypospadias risk male offspring particularly highly polluted areas limited inconsistent study leveraged data chinas national populationbased birth defects surveillance system spanning years 2013 2019 employed sophisticated machine learning models estimate daily pm25 levels pollutants mothers 1km resolution 6km buffer surrounding maternal residences multivariate logistic regression analyses performed evaluate relationship pm25 exposure hypospadias risk sensitivity analyses stratification analysis conducted models onepollutant twopollutants well distributed lag nonlinear models constructed 1194431 boys studied 1153 cases hypospadias identified 10 gm3 increase maternal pm25 exposure preconception first trimester associated elevated risk isolated hypospadias odds ratios ors 1102 95 ci 10231188 1089 95 ci 10071177 1km grid 1122 95 ci 10341218 1143 95 ci 10481246 within 6km buffer higher quartiles pm25 exposure associated increased odds ratios compared lowest quartile findings highlight significant association pm25 exposure critical conception period elevated risk isolated hypospadias children emphasizing need targeted interventions reduce pm25 exposure among expectant mothers