Chen-Xi Zhao, Zi-Jiao Wang, Xiao-Jing Yang, Xing Ma, Ying Cui, Yan-Xin Zhang, Xin-Hui Cheng, Shu-E Zhang, Qing-Feng Guo, De-Pin Cao
Promotion of self-directed learning abilities among Chinese medical students through preparing for career calling and enhancing teaching competencies in medical education: a cross-sectional study
BMC medical education
heavy menstrual bleeding hmb common menstrual disorder associated multiple risk factors cardiovascular disease cvd women addition hmb often present irregular menstruation im risk factor cvd outcomes however relationship hmb cvd outcomes unexplored presence absence im determined association hmb multiple cvd outcomes using nationally representative sample female hospitalizations us hospitalizations females hmb diagnosis normal menstrual cycles ages 18 70 years extracted national inpatient sample database 2017 hmb defined using international classification diseases icd10 excessive frequent menstruation bleeding included current history hmb diagnosis outcomes including major adverse cardiovascular events mace coronary heart disease chd stroke heart failure hf atrial fibrillation af arrhythmia myocardial infarction mi diabetes dm defined using icd10 codes adjusted logistic regression prosperity scoresmatched logistic regression analyses conducted summarize adjusted associations odds ratio 95 confidence interval ci among 2430851 hospitalizations hmb observed 7762 068 females age 40 years 11164 086 females age 40 years among hospitalizations age 40 years hmb significantly associated increased odds cvd outcomes including mace 161 95 ci 125 208 chd 172 95 ci 110 271 stroke 195 95 ci 112 340 hf 153 95 ci 115 203 afarrhythmia 184 95 ci 134 254 associations confirmed multiple sensitivity analyses contrast hmb robustly associated cvd events among hospitalizations women age 40 years hmb without im strongly associated dm hf af mace outcomes hmb im strongly associated chd af outcomes hospitalizations young women hmb associated cvd events among us hospitalizations young women routine investigation screening menstrual disorders especially hmb useful cvd risk stratification management young women