Luca Mora|Mark Deakin|Alasdair Reid
Strategic principles for smart city development: A multiple case study analysis of European best practices
Edinburgh Napier University|Edinburgh Napier University|Edinburgh Napier University
recent studies reveal deeprooted division research smart cities surfaces set dichotomies question whether smart city development based 1 technologyled holistic strategy 2 double quadruplehelix model collaboration 3 topdown bottomup approach 4 monodimensional integrated intervention logic dichotomies generate critical knowledge gap suggest divergent hypotheses principles need considered implementing strategies enabling smart city development paper starts filling gap reporting findings multiple case study analysis conducted european best practices meeting aim four european cities considered leaders field smart city development analyzed test validity hypotheses emerging dichotomy cities amsterdam barcelona helsinki vienna results best practice analysis offer series critical insights strategic principles drive smart city development europe generate scientific knowledge helps overcome dichotomous nature smart city research