Stephen Machin|Sandra McNally|Martina Viarengo
Changing How Literacy Is Taught: Evidence on Synthetic Phonics
London School of Economics and Political Science|London School of Economics and Political Science|University of Surrey|Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies
significant number people low levels literacy many oecd countries paper studies national change policy practice england refocused teaching reading around synthetic phonics lowcost intervention targeted pedagogy existing teachers evaluate pilot first phase national rollout strong initial effects tend fade average persist children higher initial propensity struggle reading result program helped narrow gap disadvantaged pupils groups jel i21 i24 i28