Mara Ipa, Tri Isnani, Vierto Irennius Girsang, Amila, Ester Saripati Harianja, Yunita Purba, Toni Wandra, Christine M Budke, Ivan Elisabeth Purba
Soil-transmitted helminth infections and anemia in children attending government run schools on Samosir Island, Indonesia
Parasite epidemiology and control
purpose present study evaluate factorial structure bullying scale trends international mathematics science timss 2019 eighth graders evaluate instruments invariance across gender tests level males females conducted data came 2019 cohort timss saudi arabia 14item scale evaluated using three competing models unidimensional structure b international association evaluation educational achievement iea online nononline twofactor model c wang et al 2012 4domain bullying taxonomy participants 5567 eighth graders participated 2019 timss study 2856 females 2711 males mean age 139 years data analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis cfa mplus 89 results indicated 4domain structure including verbal physical relational online bullying represented optimal factor structure 14item bullying measure tests exact measurement invariance gender originally failed satisfied using newly recommended alignment methodology latent mean differences salient significant suggesting levels bullying across domains elevated males compared females contrasting earlier views different types bullying linked males versus females results discussed relation educational policy interventions