Nicholas R Piniella, Theresa E Fuller, Laura Smith, Hojjat Salmasian, Cathy S Yoon, Stuart R Lipsitz, Jeffrey L Schnipper, Anuj K Dalal
Early Expected Discharge Date Accuracy During Hospitalization: A Multivariable Analysis
Journal of medical systems
observational studies form foundation long covid knowledge however combining data long covid observational studies multiple methodological challenges umbrella review synthesizes estimates long covid prevalence risk factors well biases limitations primary review literatures systematic literature search conducted using multiple electronic databases pubmed embase litcovid jan 1 2019 june 9 2023 eligible studies systematic reviews including adult populations assessed least one long covid symptom four weeks sarscov2 infection overall subgroup prevalence risk factors well risk bias rob assessments extracted descriptively analyzed protocol registered prospero crd42023434323 fourteen reviews 5196 primary studies included 8 reported long covid prevalence 5 riskprotective factors 1 prevalence least 1 long covid symptom ranged 21 iqr 8935 745 95 ci 556780 risk factor reviews found significant associations vaccination status sex acute covid19 severity comorbidities prevalence risk factor reviews frequently identified selection ascertainment biases using amstar 2 criteria quality included reviews particularly prevalence reviews concerning adequacy rob assessments justifications conducting metaanalysis high level heterogeneity render interpretation pooled prevalence estimates long covid challenging hampered lack robust critical appraisals included reviews risk factor reviews higher quality overall suggested consistent associations long covid risk patient characteristics