Jennifer J. Manly|Desiree Byrd|Pegah Touradji|Danurys Sanchez|Yaakov Stern
Literacy and cognitive change among ethnically diverse elders
Columbia University|Columbia University|Columbia University|Columbia University|Columbia University
research concerned relations literacy level assessment cognition among ethnically diverse elders presented evidence suggests literacy profound effect neuropsychological measures across verbal nonverbal domains effect independent demographic experiential factors age years education sex ethnicity language use appears reading level sensitive predictor baseline test performance also literacy skills protective memory decline adjustment reading level part reflects quality education overcomes limitations years education index educational experience among multicultural elders thus improve specificity certain neuropsychological measures differences organization visuospatial information lack previous exposure stimuli difficulties interpretation logical functions language possible factors affect test performance elders low levels literacy