Dipika Sur|Mohammad Ali|Lorenz von Seidlein|Byomkesh Manna|Jacqueline Deen|Camilo J. Acosta|John D. Clemens|Sujit Bhattacharya
Comparisons of predictors for typhoid and paratyphoid fever in Kolkata, India
National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases|International Vaccine Institute|International Vaccine Institute|National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases|International Vaccine Institute|International Vaccine Institute|International Vaccine Institute|National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases
abstract background exposure individual contaminated food water correlates closely risk enteric fever since public health interventions water improvement vaccination campaigns implemented groups individuals interested whether risk factors individual households neighbourhoods larger areas recognised methods conducted large enteric fever surveillance study analyzed factors correlate enteric fever individual level factors associated high low risk areas enteric fever incidence individual level data linked population based geographic information systems individual household level variables fitted generalized estimating equations gee logit link function take account likelihood household factors correlated within household members results 12month period 80 typhoid fever cases 47 paratyphoid fever cases detected among 56946 residents two bustees slums kolkata india incidence paratyphoid fever lower 081000year mean age paratyphoid patients older 171 years typhoid fever incidence 141000year mean age 147 years residents areas high risk typhoid fever lower literacy rates economic status bigger household size resided closer waterbodies study treatment centers residents low risk areas conclusion close correlation characteristics detected based individual cases characteristics associated high incidence areas comparison risk factors populations living high versus low risk areas statistically powerful methodology holds promise detect risk factors associated diseases using geographic information systems