Veronika Feninets, Theodoula Adamakidou, Marianna Mantzorou, Dimos Mastrogiannis, Ourania Govina, Chrysoula Tsiou
The Effect of Preoperative Educational Intervention on Anxiety and Pain of Patients Undergoing Spinal Decompression Surgery: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Study
Cureus
robust association young childrens early mathematical proficiency later academic achievement well established less known mechanisms early mathematics skills may contribute later mathematics especially reading achievement using parallel multiple mediator model current study investigated whether executive function integration working memory inhibition cognitive flexibility explain relations early mathematics skills elementary school mathematics reading achievement data longitudinal study collected 243 children last year early childhood education care kindergarten ages 5 6 years 1 year later first grade 5 years later children fifth grade background variables maternal education age sex immigrant status kindergarten baseline skills mediating effects firstgrade mathematics phonological awareness vocabulary possible omitted variables controlled results showed firstgrade executive function mediated effects kindergarten mathematics fifthgrade mathematics reading achievement findings suggest executive function may work mechanism may help explain frequently found strong association childrens early mathematics skills later mathematics reading achievement