Hsiao-Lu Lee, Chiu-Mieh Huang
Development and validation of nursing students' moral sensitivity questionnaire in Taiwan
Nagoya journal of medical science
humans intuitive bayesians depends people seem bayesians updating probabilities experience acquiring probabilities descriptions ie bayesian textbook problems decades research textbook problems focused format statistical information eg natural frequency effect affects reasoning however pays much less attention wording problems mathematical problemsolving literature indicates wording critical performance wording effects wording varied across problems manipulations also farreaching consequences may confounded betweenformat comparisons moderated withinformat variability prior research therefore across seven experiments n 4909 investigated impact wording medical screening problems statistical formats bayesian reasoning general adult population participants generated bayesian answers natural frequencies singleevent probabilities improved wording improved wording natural frequencies consistently led bayesian answers natural frequencies standard wording improved wording effect occurred mainly due efficient description statistical informationcueing required mathematical operations unambiguous association numbers reference class verbal simplification wording effect extends current theoretical explanations bayesian reasoning bears methodological practical implications ultimately even intuitive bayesians must good readers solving bayesian textbook problems