Andrea M. Piccinin|Graciela Muñiz?Terrera|Sean Clouston|Claire Reynolds|Valgeir Thorvaldsson|Ian J. Deary|D. J. H. Deeg|Boo Johansson|Andrew Mackinnon|Avron Spiro|J. M. Starr|I. Skoog|Scott M. Hofer
Coordinated Analysis of Age, Sex, and Education Effects on Change in MMSE Scores
University of Victoria|MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing|University of Victoria|University of California, Riverside|University of Gothenburg|University of Edinburgh|EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research|University of Gothenburg|University of Melbourne|VA Boston Healthcare System|Alzheimer Scotland|University of Edinburgh|University of Gothenburg|University of Victoria
describe compare expected performance trajectories older adults minimental status examination mmse across six independent studies four countries context collaborative network longitudinal studies aging coordinated analysis approach used compare patterns change conditional sample composition differences related age sex education coordination accelerates evaluation particular hypotheses particular focus effect educational attainment cognitive decline regular tobit mixed models fit mmse scores study separately effects age sex education examined based one centering point findings relatively consistent across studies average mmse scores lower older individuals declined time education predicted mmse score two exceptions associated decline mmse time straightforward association educational attainment rate cognitive decline supported thoughtful consideration needed synthesizing evidence across studies methodologies adopted sample characteristics educational attainment invariably differ