Sharon E Taverno Ross, Geena Militello, Marsha Dowda, Russell R Pate
Changes in Diet Quality in Youth Living in South Carolina From Fifth to 11th Grade
Journal of nutrition education and behavior
unprecedented numbers children experience parental incarceration worldwide families children prisoners experience multiple difficulties parental incarceration including traumatic separation loneliness stigma confused explanations children unstable childcare arrangements strained parenting reduced income home school neighborhood moves children incarcerated parents often multiple stressful life events parental incarceration theoretically children incarcerated parents may risk range adverse behavioral outcomes systematic review conducted synthesize empirical evidence associations parental incarceration childrens later antisocial behavior mental health problems drug use educational performance results 40 studies including 7374 children incarcerated parents 37325 comparison children 50 samples pooled metaanalysis rigorous studies showed parental incarceration associated higher risk childrens antisocial behavior mental health problems drug use poor educational performance studies controlled parental criminality childrens antisocial behavior parental incarceration pooled effect size 14 p 01 corresponding 10 increased risk antisocial behavior among children incarcerated parents compared peers effect sizes decrease number covariates controlled however methodological quality many studies poor rigorous tests causal effects parental incarceration needed using randomized designs prospective longitudinal studies criminal justice reforms national support systems might needed prevent harmful consequences parental incarceration children