Tzong-Yang Pan, Frank Piscioneri, Cathy Owen
Comparison Between Surgical Trainee Self-Assessment With Supervisor Scores in Technical and Nontechnical Skills to Identify Underperforming Trainees
Journal of surgical education
study offers first description misspellings across elementary school using phonological orthographic morphological assessment spelling pomas linguistic framework based triple word form theory adapted french pomasfr aims test universality pomas suitability track development french spelling one hundred ninetyfour typically developing french children grades 15 produced written narrative wordstodictation analyzed productivity accuracy misspellings analyzed using pomasfr productivity accuracy better later grades pomasfr provided novel framework tracking error types french sample data showed linear trend text production whereby proportion phonological errors decreased rapidly early grades orthographic errors decreased morphological errors increased throughout elementary school wordstodictation showed stable pattern steady decrease phonological errors stable proportion orthographic morphological errors specific error types found within linguistic category described tasks pomasfr allowed characterization linguistic knowledge involved learning spell french across elementary school interplays different types linguistic knowledge evident grades comparison writing systems french text spelling competence relied heavily morphological knowledge results suggest pomas may applied orthographic systems also highlights importance task word selection qualitative evaluation spelling httpsdoiorg1023641asha20520774