Sandra Brügge, Veronika Günther, Ingolf Cascorbi, Nicolai Maass, Zino Ruchay, Martin R Fischer, Johanna Huber, Ibrahim Alkatout
Encouraging medical students to become surgeons? Impact of psychological and surgical factors on career choice at medical school
GMS journal for medical education
data 2year study describe tobacco use trends perceptions prevention effects 1281 5th 6th graders enrolled 12 randomly selected washington state elementary schools youths pretested randomly divided school skills discussion control groups preventive intervention curriculums skills discussion groups included agerelevant information smoked smokeless tobacco use peer testimonials debates games homework youths skills group also learned communication problemsolving methods handling difficult situations around tobacco use following intervention youths posttested retested semiannually 2 years 2year study threequarters smokers nonusers half smokeless tobacco users maintained statuses 10 percent smokers 3 percent smokeless users quit habits one six reported new tobacco use onethird smokers began using smokeless tobacco twothirds smokeless users began smoking study youths final measurement perceived smokeless tobacco less health risk smoking nearly one two smokeless users intended smoke twothirds actually smoking 24month followup smoked smokeless tobacco use rates increased groups youths skills intervention group consistently showed lowest rates relative groups findings demonstrate potential skills intervention methods lowering tobacco use rates among adolescents