Paul Bernard|Guillaume Boucher
Institutional competitiveness, social investment, and welfare regimes
Université de Montréal|Université de Montréal
abstract rather generous welfare regimes found european countries sustainable competitive globalizing economy contrary crowded austere less expensive regimes generally found liberal anglosaxon countries first discuss issue conceptually focusing notions institutional competitiveness social investment shortterm longterm productivity briefly present results empirical study 50 social indicators policies outcomes 20 organization economic cooperation development oecd countries early 2000s conclude welfare regimes forced converge race bottom remain three distinct ways face trilemma job growth income inequality fiscal restraint nordic countries achieve high labor market participation high social investment anglosaxon countries attain objective minimal public intervention continental european countries experience fiscal pressures social protection schemes promoting participation extent