Luye Yao, Lingtian Wu, Jingya Zhou, Jinnan Wu, Delei Xu, Yibo Zhu, Hong Ji
[Design and practice of biological reaction engineering flipped classroom in applied undergraduate colleges]
Sheng wu gong cheng xue bao = Chinese journal of biotechnology
antibiotics time machine important problem understand antibiotic resistance reversed mathematically modeled follows consider set genotypes contain set mutated unmutated genes suppose set growth rate measurements genotype set antibiotics given transition probabilities realization markov chain associated arc antibiotic computable via predefined function given growth rate realizations aim maximize expected probability reaching genotype unmutated genes given initial genotype predetermined number transitions considering following two sources uncertainties randomness growth rates ii randomness transition probabilities functions growth rates develop stochastic mixedinteger linear programming dynamic programming approaches solve static dynamic versions antibiotics time machine problem aforementioned uncertainties adapt sample average approximation approach exploits special structure problem provide accurate solutions perform well outofsample analysis