Sai Li, Suzhen Cao, Xiaoli Duan, Yaqun Zhang, Jicheng Gong, Xiangyu Xu, Qian Guo, Xin Meng, Mcswain Bertrand, Junfeng Jim Zhang
Long-term exposure to PM2.5 and Children's lung function: a dose-based association analysis
Journal of thoracic disease
promoting family planning fp key strategy health economic population growth achieving sustainable development goals sdgs especially sdg 3 promotes health wellbeing quality fp services depends training competent nursing midwifery graduates entering workforce order ensure graduates welltrained capable meeting needs population teachers need demonstrate high selfefficacy willingness teach fp however lack research capacity willingness nursing midwifery faculty teach fp higher learning institutions hlis rwanda objective investigate articulate perceived selfefficacy willingness nursing midwifery faculty instruct hlis students fp conducted mixed methods study using sequential explanatory design among almost hlis n 6 1 institution declined train nurses midwives rwanda one hundred thirtysix nursing midwifery faculty actively teaching fp either class simulation lab clinical practice invited participate selfadministered questionnaire four qualitative focused group discussions participants answered questions ranking selfefficacy four domains 0 confident 3 completely confident scores calculated domain semistructured interview guide developed based quantitative survey findings gain deep understanding ability willingness teach fp data analyzed using thematic analysis ethical approval obtained university rwanda college medicine health sciences institutional review board total number 89 nursing midwifery faculty participated study 85 completed questionnaires fully yielding response rate 955 mean age 4039 females 624 compared male counterparts 376 respondents scored highest perceived selfefficacy course preparation mean 237 evaluation examination mean 212 instructor behavior delivery mean 235 however score low clinical practices mean 179 significant correlation among four items selfefficacy p 005 female midwife years experience nursing education significantly associated perceived selfefficacy teach fp p 005 qualitative phase 32 study participants participated four focus group discussions four themes identified educational background determinant confidence teach fp b willingness teach fp c enabling factors teaching fp structural challenges nursing midwifery faculty reported inadequate selfconfidence teaching fp clinical practice addressing personal structural challenges teaching fp top priority requires collective effort nursing midwifery faculty hlis dismantle individual systemic barriers hinder selfefficacy willingness teach fp need hlis different stakeholders invest training nursing midwifery faculty fp practical skills nursing midwifery workforce providing uptodate clinical fp services help rwanda reach sdgs