You Fu, Ryan D Burns, Timothy A Brusseau, Peng Zhang, Nora Constantino
Influence of meeting weekday and weekend step count recommendations on weight statusin children
Journal of sports sciences
understanding refinement selffeeding skills useful assessment oral functional development children determine normative data lip closing food intake development independent spoonfeeding normal children tested hypothesis lipclosing pressure spoon operation differ depending food type fifteen normal children eight boys seven girls mean age 65 years asked eat test foods 2 3 5 g yogurt cream cheese freely spoon lipclosing pressures kinematic data spoon operation recorded simultaneously strain gauge transducer embedded spoon vicon motion analysis respectively common lippressure pattern positive pressure generated second common pattern negative pressure occurred first followed positive pressure pattern seen infrequently positive pressure p 001 pressure duration p 001 spoon intraoral time p 05 intake cream cheese adhesive food significantly greater intake yogurt nonadhesive food pressure onset occurred beginning spoon withdrawal period turning point spoon insertion withdrawal depending food lipclosing force spoon operation varied depending food type preschool early elementary school children findings suggest need consider importance food diversity pay attention spoon withdrawal period assessing development maturation lip function