Scott Edward Rutledge, Jingwen Zhang, Larry D Icard, John B Jemmott
Do syndemic conditions predict HIV medication adherence among urban African American men?
AIDS care
biological sex crucial variable neuroscience studies sex differences documented across cognitive functions neuropsychiatric disorders gross statistical differences previously documented macroscopic brain structure cortical thickness region size less understood sexrelated cellularlevel microstructural differences could provide insight brain health disease studying microstructural differences men women paves way understanding brain disorders diseases manifest differently different sexes diffusion mri important vivo noninvasive methodology provides window brain tissue microstructure study develops multiple endtoend classification models accurately estimates sex subject using volumetric diffusion mri data uses models identify white matter regions differ men women 471 male 560 female healthy subjects age range 2237 years human connectome project included fractional anisotropy mean diffusivity mean kurtosis used capture brain tissue microstructure characteristics diffusion parametric maps registered standard template reduce bias arise macroscopic anatomical differences like brain size contour study employ three major model architectures 2d convolutional neural networks 3d convolutional neural networks vision transformer selfsupervised pretraining results show 3 models achieve high sex classification performance test auc 092098 across diffusion metrics indicating definitive differences white matter tissue microstructure males females use complementary model architectures inform pattern detected microstructural differences influence shortrange versus longrange interactions occlusion analysis together wilcoxon signedrank test used determine white matter regions contribute sex classification results indicate sexrelated differences manifest local features well global features longerdistance interactions tissue microstructure highly consistent findings across models provides new insight supporting differences male female brain cellularlevel tissue organization particularly central white matter