Shonali Pachauri|Leiwen Jiang
The household energy transition in India and China
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis|Providence College|Brown University
india china countries energy transition paper compares household energy transitions nations analysis aggregate statistics nationally representative household surveys two countries differ sharply several respects residential energy consumption china twice india aggregate terms addition chinese households almost universal access electricity india almost half rural households 10 urban households still lack access aggregate urban households china also derive larger share total energy liquid fuels grids 77 compared urban indian households 65 yet every income level indians derive slightly larger fraction total household energy needs liquid grid sources energy chinese comparable incomes despite differences trends energy use factors influencing transition modern energy nations similar compared rural households urban households nations consume disproportionately large share commercial energy much along transition modern energy however total energy consumption rural households exceeds urban households continued dependence inefficient solid fuels contribute 85 rural household energy needs countries addition urbanisation key drivers transition nations include income energy prices energy access local fuel availability