Robert J Duncan, Kirsten L Anderson, Jennifer K Finders, David J Purpura, Sara A Schmitt
Factor structure of school readiness skills: conceptual vs. statistical distinctions
Frontiers in psychology
development scientific thinking assessed 1581 second third fourth graders 8 9 10yearolds based conceptual model posits developmental progression nave advanced conceptions using 66item scale five components scientific thinking addressed including experimental design data interpretation understanding nature science unidimensional multidimensional item response theory analyses supported instruments reliability validity suggested multiple components scientific thinking form unitary construct independent verbal reasoning skills partial credit model gave evidence hierarchical developmental progression across grade transition advanced conceptions increased nave conceptions decreased independent effects intelligence schooling parental education scientific thinking discussed