Zhenlei Liu, Xinghua Zhao, Jian Guan, Wanru Duan, Atul Goel, Zhiyuan Xia, Fengzeng Jian, Zan Chen
Quantitative Reduction of Basilar Invagination: Correction Target of Clivo-Axial Angle
Clinical spine surgery
interdisciplinary undergraduate students expected develop statistical competence interpret research findings advance healthcare studies careers however students often report anxiety related learning statistical course contentthis descriptive study examined differences statistical knowledge selfefficacy scores undergraduate students enrolled online competencybased traditional learning statistics coursesa sample 20 nursing interdisciplinary undergraduate students midwestern university enrolled introductory statistics courses recruited study significant differences pretest posttest statistical knowledge selfefficacy scores compared students receiving online competencybased learning traditional learning statistical course content current statistics selfefficacy csse selfefficacy learn statistics sels measures determined statistics selfefficacy scores significant difference knowledge scores pre posttest areas hypothesis testing p 02 measures central tendency p 001 research design p 001 significant difference overall mean scores competencybased learning traditional learning groups p 10 pretest posttest current statistics selfefficacy student scores improved significantly competencybased learning p 001 traditional learning p 001 statistics course sections self efficacy learn statistics pretest posttest scores also significantly improved competencybased p 001 traditional p 02 learning groups online competencybased traditional learning methods improved interdisciplinary undergraduate students statistical knowledge selfefficacy scores online competencybased learning described students least beneficial traditional learning studying statistics allowing flexibility repeat content mastered study compared pre posttest differences statistical knowledge selfefficacy scores students enrolled online competencybased learning traditional learning statistics class sections