Elizabeth Kimani-Murage|Kathleen Kahn|John M. Pettifor|Stephen Tollman|David B. Dunger|Xavier Gómez?Olivé|Shane A. Norris
The prevalence of stunting, overweight and obesity, and metabolic disease risk in rural South African children
University of the Witwatersrand|Agincourt Health and Socio-Demographic Surveillance System|Agincourt Health and Socio-Demographic Surveillance System|Umeå University|University of the Witwatersrand|University of the Witwatersrand|University of the Witwatersrand|Agincourt Health and Socio-Demographic Surveillance System|Umeå University|University of Cambridge|University of the Witwatersrand|Agincourt Health and Socio-Demographic Surveillance System|University of the Witwatersrand
low middleincome countries undergoing health transition noncommunicable diseases contributing substantially disease burden despite persistence undernutrition infectious diseases study aimed investigate prevalence patterns stunting overweightobesity hence risk metabolic disease group children adolescents rural south africaa crosssectional growth survey conducted involving 3511 children adolescents 120 years selected stratified random sampling previously enumerated population living agincourt subdistrict mpumalanga province south africa anthropometric measurements including height weight waist circumference taken using standard procedures tanner pubertal assessment conducted among adolescents 920 years growth zscores generated using 2006 standards children five years 1977 nchswho reference older children overweight obesity 18 years determined using international obesity task force bmi cutoffs adult cutoffs bmi 25 30 kgm2 overweight obesity respectively used 18 years waist circumference cutoffs 94 cm males 80 cm females waisttoheight ratio 05 sexes used determine metabolic disease risk adolescentsabout one five children aged 14 years stunted one three aged one year concurrently prevalence combined overweight obesity almost nonexistent boys substantial among adolescent girls increasing age reaching approximately 2025 late adolescence central obesity prevalent among adolescent girls increasing sexual maturation reaching peak 35 tanner stage 5 indicating increased risk metabolic diseasethe study highlights transitional societies early stunting adolescent obesity may coexist sociogeographic population likely profile relates changes nutrition diet variation factors infectious disease burden physical activity patterns well social influences need investigated obesity adult short stature risk factors metabolic syndrome type 2 diabetes combination early stunting adolescent obesity may explosive combination