Ullrich K. H. Ecker|Stephan Lewandowsky|John Cook|Philipp Schmid|Lisa K. Fazio|Nadia M. Brashier|Panayiota Kendeou|Emily K. Vraga|Michelle A. Amazeen
The psychological drivers of misinformation belief and its resistance to correction
University of Western Australia|University of Bristol|Monash University|University of Erfurt|Vanderbilt University|Harvard University|Minnesota Department of Education|University of Minnesota|University of Minnesota|Boston University
misinformation identified major contributor various contentious contemporary events ranging elections referenda response covid19 pandemic belief misinformation lead poor judgements decisionmaking also exerts lingering influence peoples reasoning corrected effect known continued influence effect review describe cognitive social affective factors lead people form endorse misinformed views psychological barriers knowledge revision misinformation corrected including theories continued influence discuss effectiveness preemptive prebunking reactive debunking interventions reduce effects misinformation well implications information consumers practitioners various areas including journalism public health policymaking education misinformation influential despite unprecedented access highquality factual information review ecker et al describe cognitive social affective factors drive sustained belief misinformation synthesize evidence interventions reduce effects offer recommendations information consumers practitioners