Roges Ghidini Dias, Ricardo Rodrigo Rech, Ricardo Halpern
Prevalence and associated factors of eating disorder symptoms in adolescents: a cross-sectional school-based study
BMC psychiatry
purpose study investigate 1 typical trajectories parentreported ear infections throughout childhood 2 associations child outcomes design participants two parallel cohorts assessed biennially 2004 2014 spanning ages 01 1011 years b cohort n 3721 ages 45 1415 years k cohort n 3489 longitudinal study australian children ear infection parentreported ongoing ear infections b waves 16 k waves 1 2 4 5 outcomes wave 6 national academic standardized test teacherreported learning parent teacherreported behavior selfreported quality life analysis latent class models identified ear infection trajectories linear regression quantified associations trajectories outcomes four probability trajectories ear infections emerged cohorts consistently low b 862 k 870 moderate low 55 97 low moderate 70 15 consistently high 14 18 k cohort consistently high group worst outcomes effect sizes 0208 sds effect sizes largest psychosocial language outcomes moderate low low moderate groups showed marginal academic associations although behavior qualityoflife scores 02 03 sds poorer consistently low group similar attenuated associations seen b cohort sizable adverse adolescent outcomes follow parent reports persistent ongoing ear infections throughout childhood despite possibility reverse causation suggests cumulative rather agespecific ear infections important outcomes clinicians may generally reassuring ongoing ear infections limited either early middle childhood proactively identify manage small subgroup whose early infections persist throughout elementary school years