Paul J Simeone, Ralf W Schlosser, Sarah E Frampton, Howard C Shane, Oliver Wendt
Miniature Linguistic Systems for Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR
development spelling skills investigated four points first 3 years schooling 153 british children order uncover developmental relationship spelling reading ability identify component skills spelling children assessed large battery tests including reading phoneme awareness lettersound lettername knowledge memory verbal nonverbal iq spelling productions assessed phonological plausibility conventional accuracy path analysis revealed phoneme segmentation lettersound knowledge precursor skills early phonological spelling ability turn phonological spelling combined reading promote conventional spelling skill although initial phonological spelling ability predicted later reading early reading ability influence later phonological spelling ability results indicate skilled spelling requires foundation phonological transcoding ability turn enables formation orthographic representations data also suggest increasingly complex specific orthographic patterns demonstrated childrens spelling learned experience instruction reading spelling