Wolfgang Koller|Michael Obersteiner
Remeasuring the HDI by Data Envelopement Analysis
Vienna University of Economics and Business|International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis
measurement human development potentially strong impact development gap viewed formulation new policies therefore correct fair measurement great importance paper develop algorithm compute comprehensive differentiation rules suitable measuring human development used models data envelopment analysis dea literature compare performance multiple output setting models evaluated empirically reestimating human development index hdi notable advantages dea models endogenously construct nonlinearly arranged set best practice countries weights indicator entering hdi endogenously determined based optimization calculus weights allowed vary thereby accounting crosssectional heterogeneity country clusters identified similarity interesting outliers also singled using dea outliers either best practice frontier countries countries locked underdevelopment trap