Kamran Bagheri Lankarani, Behnam Honarvar, Seyed Aliakbar Faghihi, Mohammad Reza Rahmanian Haghighi, Ahmad Kalateh Sadati, Fatemeh Rafiei, Sayyed Amirreza Hosseini, Amir-Hassan Bordbari, Arash Ziaee, Mohammad Jafar Pooriesa
Demanded interdisciplinary subjects for integration in medical education program from the point of view of graduated medical physicians and senior medical students: a nationwide mixed qualitative-quantitative study from Iran
BMC medical education
educational attainment us associated life expectancy opioid crisis worsens critical understand overdose death rate trends evolve across education groups investigate association educational attainment overdose death rates emphasis trends covid19 pandemic crosssectional study used national vital statistics system mortality multiple causeofdeath data describing overdose death rates us educational attainment january 1 2000 december 31 2021 focus 2018 2021 overdose deaths aggregated year educational level decedents aged 25 years older educational attainment categorized high school hs diploma hs diploma general educational development college college bachelors degree bachelors degree main outcomes rates overdose deaths overdose deaths involving opioids overdose deaths involving synthetic opioids 912 057 overdose deaths education information 2000 2021 mean sd age death 449 123 years 641 male 625 400 deaths 686 among individuals college education 286 657 deaths 314 among least college overdose death rate 199 per 100 000 population 2018 2021 301 557 overdose deaths including 58 319 193 among individuals without hs diploma 153 603 509 among people hs diploma 64 682 214 among individuals college 24 953 83 among individuals bachelors degree 3324 overdose deaths 11 among american indian alaska native individuals 2968 10 among asian american pacific islander individuals 49 152 163 among black individuals 31 703 105 among hispanic individuals 211 359 701 among white individuals 3051 10 among multiracial individuals 2018 2021 overdose death rate 334 per 100 000 population opioidrelated overdose death rate 242 per 100 000 population synthetic opioid overdose death rate 191 per 100 000 population 2018 2021 overdose death rate without hs diploma increased 354 per 100 000 population compared 15 per 100 000 population bachelors degree differential growth primarily due increased rates death involving synthetic opioids crosssectional study lower educational attainment found associated higher growth overdose deaths opioid crisis transitioned fentanyl polysubstance use overdose deaths become prevalent groups lower socioeconomic status potentially exacerbating existing lifeexpectancy disparities