Richard H. Osborne|Roy Batterham|Gerald R. Elsworth|Mélanie Hawkins|Rachelle Buchbinder
The grounded psychometric development and initial validation of the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ)
Deakin University|Deakin University|Deakin University|Deakin University|Cabrini Hospital
health literacy become increasingly important concept public health sought develop comprehensive measure health literacy capable diagnosing health literacy needs across individuals organisations utilizing perspectives general population patients practitioners policymakers using validitydriven approach undertook grounded consultations workshops interviews identify broad conceptually distinct domains questionnaire items developed directly consultation data following strict process aiming capture full range experiences people currently engaged healthcare people general population psychometric analyses included confirmatory factor analysis cfa item response theory cognitive interviews used ensure questions understood intended items initially tested calibration sample community health home care hospital settings n634 replication sample n405 comprising recent emergency department attendees initially 91 items generated across 6 scales agreedisagree response options 5 scales difficulty undertaking tasks response options cognitive testing revealed items well understood minor rewording required psychometric testing calibration sample identified 34 poorly performing conceptually redundant items removed resulting 10 scales tested replication sample refined yield 9 final scales comprising 44 items 9factor cfa model fitted items crossloadings correlated residuals allowed given restricted nature model fit quite satisfactory 2 wlsmv866 df 2927 p0000 cfi 0936 tli 0930 rmsea 0076 wrmr 1698 final scales included feeling understood supported healthcare providers sufficient information manage health actively managing health social support health appraisal health information ability actively engage healthcare providers navigating healthcare system ability find good health information understand health information well enough know hlq covers 9 conceptually distinct areas health literacy assess needs challenges wide range people organisations given validitydriven approach hlq likely useful surveys intervention evaluation studies needs capabilities individuals