James F. Thrasher|Víctor Villalobos|André Salem Szklo|Geoffrey T. Fong|Cristina Pérez|Ernesto M Sebrié|Natalie Sansone|Valeska Figueiredo|Marcelo Boado|Edna Arillo?Santillán|Eduardo Bianco
Assessing the impact of cigarette package health warning labels: a cross-country comparison in Brazil, Uruguay and Mexico
Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública|University of South Carolina|Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública|Instituto Nacional do Câncer|University of Waterloo|Ontario Institute for Cancer Research|Instituto Nacional do Câncer|Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center|University of Waterloo|Instituto Nacional do Câncer|Universidad de la República|Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública
objectiveto assess impact different health warning labels hwlmaterial methodsdata international tobacco control survey itc survey analyzed adult smokers brazil uruguay mexico used different hwl strategy pictures human suffering diseased organs abstract pictorial representations risk textonly messages respectivelymain outcomes hwl salience cognitive impactresultshwls uruguay country hwl front package higher salience either brazilian mexican packspeople higher levels educational attainment mexico likely read textonly hwls whereas education unassociated salience brazil uruguaybrazilian hwls greater cognitive impacts hwls either uruguay mexicohwls uruguay generated lower cognitive impacts textonly hwls mexicoin brazil cognitive impacts strongest among smokers low educational attainmentconclusionsthis study suggests hwls impact prominent ie front back package include emotionally engaging imagery illustrates negative bodily impacts human suffering due smoking