Corinna E. L?ckenhoff|Wayne Chan|Robert R. McCrae|Filip De Fruyt|Lee Jussim|Marleen De Bolle|Paul T. Costa|Angelina R. Sutin|Anu Realo|Jüri Allik|Katsuharu Nakazato|Yoshiko Shimonaka|Martina H?eb???ková|Sylvie Graf|Michelle Yik|Emília Ficková|Marina Brunner-Sciarra|Nora Leibovich de Figueora|Vanina Schmidt|Chang Kyu Ahn|Hyun Nie Ahn|Maria E. Aguilar?Vafaie|Jerzy Siuta|Barbara Szmigielska|Thomas R. Cain|Jarret T. Crawford|Khairul Anwar Mastor|Jean Pierre Rolland|Florence Nansubuga|Daniel R. Miramontez|Verónica Benet?Martínez|Jérôme Rossier|Denis Bratko|Iris Maruši?|Jamin Halberstadt|Mami Yamaguchi|Goran Kneževi?|Thomas Martin|Mirona Gheorghiu|Peter B. Smith|Claudio Barbaranelli|Lei Wang|Jane Shakespeare?Finch|Margarida Pedroso de Lima|Waldemar Klinkosz|Andrzej S?kowski|Lidia Alcalay|Franco Simonetti|Tatyana V. Avdeyeva|V. S. Pramila|Antonio Terracciano
Gender Stereotypes of Personality
Cornell University|Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey|University of Baltimore|Ghent University Hospital|Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey|Ghent University Hospital|Duke University|Florida State University|University of Tartu|University of Tartu|Estonian Academy of Sciences|Tokyo University of Social Welfare|Bunkyo Gakuin University|Hong Kong University of Science and Technology|University of Hong Kong|Slovak Academy of Sciences|Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia|University of Buenos Aires|University of Buenos Aires|Pusan National University|Ewha Womans University|Tarbiat Modares University|Jagiellonian University|Hampshire College|Hampshire College|College of New Jersey|National University of Malaysia|Université Paris Nanterre|Makerere University|San Diego Community College District|Pompeu Fabra University|Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats|University of Lausanne|University of Zagreb|Institute for Social Research|University of Otago|University of Otago|University of Belgrade|Susquehanna University|Queen's University Belfast|University of Sussex|Sapienza University of Rome|Peking University|Queensland University of Technology|University of Coimbra|John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin|John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin|Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile|Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile|University of St. Thomas - Minnesota|Indian Institute of Management Visakhapatnam|Florida State University
numerous studies documented subtle consistent sex differences selfreports observerratings fivefactor personality traits effects found show welldefined developmental trajectories remarkable similarity across nations contrast little known perceived gender differences fivefactor traits spite potential implications gender biases interpersonal societal level particular clear perceived gender differences fivefactor personality vary across age groups national contexts extent accurately reflect assessed sex differences personality address questions analyzed responses 3323 individuals across 26 nations mean age 223 years 31 male asked rate fivefactor personality traits typical men women three age groups adolescent adult older adult respective nations raters perceived women slightly higher openness agreeableness conscientiousness well aspects extraversion neuroticism perceived gender differences fairly consistent across nations target age groups mapped closely onto assessed sex differences self observerrated personality associations average size perceived gender differences national variations sociodemographic characteristics value systems gender equality reach statistical significance findings contribute understanding underlying mechanisms gender stereotypes personality suggest perceptions actual sex differences may play important role culturally based gender roles socialization processes