Tandis Parvizi, Sigrid Klotz, Omar Keritam, Haluk Caliskan, Sophie Imhof, Theresa König, Lukas Haider, Tatjana Traub-Weidinger, Matias Wagner, Theresa Brunet, Melanie Brugger, Alexander Zimprich, Jakob Rath, Elisabeth Stögmann, Ellen Gelpi, Hakan Cetin
Clinical heterogeneity within the ALS-FTD spectrum in a family with a homozygous optineurin mutation
Annals of clinical and translational neurology
four analytic approaches examined effectiveness preschool education vietnam provides context national curricula teaching standards preschools schools high levels preschool attendance fee subsidies disadvantaged children limit heterogeneity childrens experiences often obscure outcomes associated preschool attendance young lives study provided longitudinal data childrens receptive vocabulary mathematics life satisfaction 5 8 12 15 years age selfconcept relationships 12 15 years first analysis found children attended preschool n 1562 5 years age larger vocabularies 5 8 12 15 years greater mathematics knowledge 5 8 12 years higher life satisfaction 5 12 years age small number children attend preschool n 164 5 years age second found dose preschool education hours per week 4 months received children attended preschool positively associated receptive vocabulary mathematics scores 5 8 12 15 years age life satisfaction 5 15 years age although magnitude effect vocabulary declined time remained stable mathematics third analysis found high dose preschool education allowed disadvantaged rural children achieve comparable better scores urban peers receptive vocabulary 8 12 15 years mathematics 12 years life satisfaction ages final analysis found even low dose preschool education improved rural childrens receptive vocabulary 5 8 15 years numeracymathematics scores 5 8 12 years together results suggest preschool attendance small meaningful positive association vietnamese childrens cognitive skills life satisfaction persisted least 10 years findings provide insights scale scope longevity effects achieved scaledup preschool programs resourceconstrained conditions