Mary Kate Skalitzky, Trevor R Gulbrandsen, William Lorentzen, Burke Gao, Alan G Shamrock, Stuart L Weinstein, Jose A Morcuende
Health Literacy in Clubfoot: A Quantitative Assessment of the Readability, Understandability and Actionability of Online Patient Education Material
The Iowa orthopaedic journal
undergraduate biology education reform aims engage students scientific practices experimental design experimentation data analysis communication graphs ubiquitous biological sciences creating effective graphical representations involves quantitative disciplinary concepts skills past studies document student difficulties graphing within contexts classroom national assessments without evaluating student reasoning operating metarepresentational competence framework conducted thinkaloud interviews reveal differences reasoning graph quality undergraduate biology students graduate students professors penandpaper graphing task professors planned thought data graph construction reflecting graphs professors graduate students focused function graphs experimental design undergraduate students relied intuition data provided task undergraduate students meticulously plotted data scaled axes professors graduate students transformed data aligned graph research question reflected statistics sample size differences reasoning approaches taken graph choice construction corroborate extend previous findings provide rich targets undergraduate graduate instruction