Aya Isumi, Takeo Fujiwara, Nobutoshi Nawa, Manami Ochi, Tsuguhiko Kato
Mediating effects of parental psychological distress and individual-level social capital on the association between child poverty and maltreatment in Japan
Child abuse & neglect
vitiligo acquired autoimmune depigmented disorder characterized presence white welldefined patches skin mucous membrane associated significant disease burden profoundly impacts patients quality life autoimmune thyroid diseases aitds result autoimmune system dysregulation leading erroneous immune attack thyroid gland previous observational epidemiological studies suggested association vitiligo aitds however bidirectional causeeffect relationship vitiligo aitds formally assessed twosample bidirectional mendelian randomization mr analysis conducted explore potential causal relationships genetically increased risk vitiligo aitds using summary statistics genomewide association studies european populations causal effects primarily estimated using inverse variance weighted method additional quality control performed using mregger weighted median simple mode weight mode methods sensitivity analysis conducted assess robustness results forward mr analysis showed positive causal relationship vitiligo autoimmune thyroiditis ait autoimmune hyperthyroidism aih graves disease gd odds ratio 117 95 ci 101135 p 004 112 95 ci 103122 p 001 113 95 ci 106120 p 001 respectively reverse mr analysis positive causal relationship found ait vitiligo 110 95 ci 101135 p 004 however causal relationship observed aih p 010 gd p 061 vitiligo sensitivity analysis revealed evidence horizontal pleiotropy heterogeneity geneticlevel investigation provides evidence genetic causal association susceptibility vitiligo increased risk aitds additionally results demonstrate genetic causal association susceptibility ait increased risk vitiligo indicating similar association susceptibility aih gd