Kyung-Sook Bang, Sungjae Kim, Kyungim Kang, Minkyung Song
Physical Symptoms, Depression, and Related Factors of Late School-age Children in Seoul, Korea: The Mediating Role of Peer Relationships
Journal of pediatric nursing
visual attention plays crucial role daily living sports affecting athletes performance thus potentially outcome match however studies assessing association level sports expertise visual attention yielded mixed results study conducted examine whether visual attention could developed increased sports expertise whether visual attention differed male athletes female athletes total 128 participants included study 64 firstlevel national soccer athletes recruited college soccer teams considered elite athletes 32 men 32 women similar soccer performance requirements training experience 64 physical education college students limited soccer experience considered novice athletes 32 men 32 women matched soccer experience assess visual attention used multiple object tracking mot task four targets among total 10 objects moving fixed speed 10s random directions across computer monitor screen tracking accuracy mot task calculated participant proportion correctly selected targets univariate analysis variance performed group expert novice sex male female independent variables tracking accuracy mot task dependent variable assess whether sports expertise sex influenced visual attention simple effects tests followed comparisons bonferroni corrections used effect size calculations performed using cohens f statistic tracking accuracy mot task significantly affected sports expertise f1124 91732 p 0001 p2 0425 accuracy among expert soccer athletes superior among novice soccer athletes moreover statistically significant interaction sports expertise sex detected f1124 7046 p 0009 p2 0054 better tracking performance observed male soccer players mean sd 039 012 female soccer players mean sd 027 008 p 001 d117 r 051 novice group significant sex difference detected tracking performance elite male soccer athletes mean sd 051 009 elite female soccer athletes mean sd 049 011 findings confirm previous results indicating longterm extensive sports training develops visual attention assessed mot performance extend previous findings include soccer athletes findings sex difference visual attention among novice soccer players among elite soccer athletes similar performance requirements training experience suggest longterm extensive training may minimize sex difference visual attention