Georges Adunlin, Amy E Broeseker, Jonathan L Thigpen, Elizabeth A Sheaffer, Marc Calhoun
Pharmacy Students' Perspectives on Human Resource Management: An Examination of Knowledge and Attitudes
Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland)
leaves crucial plant physiology exhibit various morphological traits meet diverse functional needs traditional leaf morphology quantification largely 2dimensional 2d fully captured 3dimensional 3d aspects leaf function despite improvements 3d data acquisition accurately depicting leaf morphologies particularly edges difficult study proposes method 3d leaf edge reconstruction combining 2d image segmentation curvebased 3d reconstruction utilizing deeplearningbased instance segmentation 2d edge detection structure motion estimation camera positions orientations leaf correspondence identification matching leaves among images curvebased 3d reconstruction estimating 3d curve fragments method assembles 3d curve fragments leaf edge model bspline curve fitting methods performances evaluated virtual actual leaves results indicated small leaves high camera noise pose greater challenges reconstruction developed guidelines setting reliability threshold curve fragments considering factors occlusion leaf size number images camera error number images lesser impact threshold compared others method effective lobed leaves leaves fewer 4 holes however challenges still existed dealing morphologies exhibiting highly local variations serrations nondestructive approach 3d leaf edge reconstruction marks advancement quantitative analysis plant morphology promising way capture wholeplant architecture combining 2d 3d phenotyping approaches adapted target anatomical structures