Richard Anker
An Analysis of Fertility Differentials in Developing Countries
fertility differentials analyzed using two stage least squares data developing countries period 196870 results confirmed adult literacy rates levels childrens education female labor force participation rates negatively related fertility however life expectancy birth approximately 50 years positively related fertility thereafter life expectancy birth fertility negatively related although negative relationship found family planning programs fertility result must interpreted cautiously absence countries included sample family planning programs 1968 general fertility relatively insensitive socioeconomic conditions early stages economic development rising life expectancy birth falling female labor force participation tended increase fertility thus partially offsetting negative effect fertility increases adult literacy rates school enrollment rates decreases importance agricultural employment fertility becomes sensitive socieconomic conditions later stages economic development reaching results author used approximation gross reproduction rate fertility measure independent populationage distribution estimated relationships context simultaneous equations model thereby eliminating simultaneous equations bias inherent ordinary least squares estimates