Marisa M Tsai, Edward A Frongillo, Lorrene D Ritchie, Gail Woodward-Lopez, Lauren E Au
Factor Analysis Reduces Complex Measures of Nutrition Environments in US Elementary and Middle Schools into Cohesive Dimensions in the Healthy Communities Study
The Journal of nutrition
work commission social determinants health fundamental provide conceptual framework social determinants health based framework study assesses relationship income inequality determinant neonatal mortality americas relates achievement sustainable development goal target 32 reduce neonatal mortality least low 12 deaths per 1000 live births rationale evaluate income inequality may considered social factor influences neonatal mortality americas yearly data 35 countries americas 20002019 collected data sources include united nations interagency group child mortality estimation neonatal mortality rate measured neonatal deaths per 1000 live births united nations university world institute development economics research gini index measured scale 0 100 ecological study employs linear regression model relates neonatal mortality rate dependent variable gini index independent variable controlling factors influence neonatal mortality coefficient estimates robust standard errors obtained using panel data techniques positive relationship income inequality neonatal mortality found countries americas period studied particular analysis suggests unit increase countrys gini index 20002019 associated 027 95 ci 004 057 p 09 increase neonatal mortality rate analysis suggests income inequality may positively associated neonatal mortality rate americas nonetheless given modest magnitude estimates gini values trends 20002019 findings suggest potential limited scope redistributive policies support reductions neonatal mortality region thus policies interventions address higher coverage quality services provided national health systems reductions socioeconomic inequalities health utmost importance