Xue Zhao, Rebecca E Lee, Tracey A Ledoux, Deanna M Hoelscher, Thomas L McKenzie, Daniel P O'Connor
Harmonizing Ratings From Different School Environment Assessment Methods: A Simplified Approach
The Journal of school health
previous inactivated vaccines infectious hematopoietic necrosis ihn usually strong early immune protective effect failed provide longterm protection rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss find method stabilizing desired protective effect ihn vaccines assessed immune enhancement effect four adjuvants formaldehyde inactivated vaccine ihn 60 days postvaccination dpv efficacy twodose vaccination candidate adjuvantformaldehyde inactivated vaccine ihn evaluated terms early protection longterm protection 30 285 dpv neutralizing antibody titers also measured time point montanide gel 02 pr gel 02 adjuvant significantly enhanced immune protection provided ihn inactivated vaccine whereas immuneboosting effect tested adjuvants lacked statistical significance tested gel 02adjuvanted ihn inactivated vaccine dosages strong immune protection effect within 2 months postvaccination relative percent survival rps 8901 100 higher dosage provided complete protection 204 dpv rps 6079 285 dpv reducing viral titers rainbow trout neutralizing antibodies observed vaccinated fish 30 60 dpv compatibility appropriate adjuvant highly immune protective effect ihn inactivated vaccine prolonged 60 dpv least 284 dpv novel adjuvantihn inactivated vaccine promise commercial vaccine provides best available longest duration protection ihn rainbow trout importance infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus ihnv one serious pathogens threatening global salmon trout industry however currently one commercialized infectious hematopoietic necrosis ihn vaccine inadequate solving global ihn problem study promising adjuvanted inactivated vaccine longterm protection developed comprehensively studied confirmed presence late antiviral response stage vaccinated rainbow trout lacked detectable neutralizing antibodies commonly recognized responsible longterm specific protection mammals findings understanding unique features fish immune systems could lead improved prevention control fish diseases