At?f Rahman|Assad Hafeez|Rakhshanda Bilal|Siham Sikander|Abid Malik|Fareed Aslam Minhas|Barbara Tomenson|Francis Creed
The impact of perinatal depression on exclusive breastfeeding: a cohort study
University of Liverpool|University of Manchester|Health Services Academy|University of Manchester|Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology|Human Development Research Foundation|Human Development Research Foundation|Benazir Bhutto Hospital|University of Manchester|Health Services Academy|University of Manchester|Health Services Academy
abstract perinatal depression associated infant undernutrition hypothesised perinatal depression associated early cessation exclusive breastfeeding reduced quantity breast milk rural p akistan used prospective cohort design study populationbased sample 132 depressed 147 nondepressed women third trimester pregnancy 6 months postnatal current major depressive episode measured third trimester 6 months postnatal using tructured c linical nterview dsm iv iagnosis convenience sample 24 depressed 31 nondepressed exclusively breastfeeding mothers breast milk quantity assessed ml kg 1 infant weight per 24 h 4 months using dosetomother deuterium dilution method administered also p erception nsufficient ilk questionnaire 6 months postnatal depression associated fewer days exclusive breastfeeding 918 sd 471 vs 1087 days sd 543 95 ci 34 303 p 0014 women persistent depression ceased exclusive breastfeed earliest difference quantity breast milk produced depressed nondepressed mothers 893 sd 381 vs 839 290 mlkg infant wt24 hours p 057 depressed mothers significantly likely report insufficient milk pim scores 344 sd 143 depressed 397 sd 104 nondepressed women p 0004 cox regression pim score mediated association depression early cessation breastfeeding area rural p akistan perinatal depression associated early cessation exclusive breastfeeding associated mothers perceptions insufficiency breast milk reduced milk production