Anne C. Frenzel|Reinhard Pekrun|Thomas Goetz|Lia M. Daniels|Tracy L. Durksen|Betty Becker-Kurz|Robert M. Klassen
Measuring Teachers’ enjoyment, anger, and anxiety: The Teacher Emotions Scales (TES)
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München|Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München|University of Konstanz|Thurgau University of Teacher Education|Alberta Advanced Education|University of Alberta|UNSW Sydney|Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München|University of York
emotions teachers considered relevant wellbeing also functioning classrooms nevertheless research teacher emotions slow emerge scales assessment via selfreport generally lacking present research developed fouritem scales three emotions considered relevant context teaching enjoyment anger anxiety teacher emotions scales tes based data 944 teachers tested german english language versions tes reliability internal external validity crosslanguage equivalence exploring utility general studentgroup specific variant scales proved highly reliable confirmatory factor analysis supported internal validity showing threefactor models enjoyment anger anxiety superior singlefactor twofactor positive vs negative affect models external validation analyses provided consistent evidence theoretically meaningful relations teachers general affect burnout job satisfaction teacher selfefficacy findings robust across multiple studies addition consistent relationships student ratings teaching behaviors found analyses measurement invariance revealed english german language versions fully structurally equivalent und displayed metric invariance