Kangjun Liang, Dongbo Tu, Yan Cai
Using Process Data to Improve Classification Accuracy of Cognitive Diagnosis Model
Multivariate behavioral research
low literacy termed developmental dyslexia reading significantly behind expected intelligence quotient iq presence symptomsincoordination leftright confusions poor sequencingthat characterize neurological syndrome 510 children particularly boys found dyslexic reading requires acquisition good orthographic skills recognising visual form words allows one access meaning directly also requires development good phonological skills sounding unfamiliar words using knowledge letter sound conversion rules dyslexic brain temporoparietal language areas two sides symmetrical without normal leftsided advantage also brain warts ectopias found particularly clustered round left temporoparietal language areas visual magnocellular system responsible timing visual events reading therefore signals visual motion occurs unintended movements lead images moving fovea retinal slip signals used bring eyes back target thus sensitivity visual motion seems help determine well orthographic skill develop good bad readers dyslexics development visual magnocellular system impaired development magnocellular layers dyslexic lateral geniculate nucleus lgn abnormal motion sensitivity reduced many dyslexics show unsteady binocular fixation hence poor visual localization particularly left side left neglect dyslexics binocular instability visual perceptual instability therefore cause letters trying read appear move around cross hence blanking one eye monocular occlusion improve reading thus good magnocellular function essential high motion sensitivity stable binocular fixation hence proper development orthographic skills many dyslexics also auditoryphonological problems distinguishing letter sounds depends picking changes sound frequency amplitude characterize thus high frequency fm amplitude modulation sensitivity helps development good phonological skill low sensitivity impedes acquisition skills thus dyslexics sensitivity fm significantly lower good readers explains problems phonology cerebellum head ganglion magnocellular systems contributes binocular fixation inner speech sounding words clearly defective dyslexics thus evidence reading problems fundamental sensorimotor cause magnocellular systems fail develop properly clear genetic basis impaired development magnocells throughout brain best understood linkage region major histocompatibility complex mhc class 1 short arm chromosome 6 helps control production antibodies development magnocells may impaired autoantibodies affecting developing brain magnocells also need high amounts polyunsaturated fatty acids preserve membrane flexibility permits rapid conformational changes channel proteins underlie transient sensitivity genes underlie magnocellular weakness would common unless compensating advantages dyslexia developmental dyslexics may heightened development parvocellular systems underlie holistic artistic seeing whole picture entrepreneurial talents