S.J. LeBlanc|K. Lissemore|D.F. Kelton|T.F. Duffield|K.E. Leslie
Major Advances in Disease Prevention in Dairy Cattle
University of Guelph|University of Guelph|University of Guelph|University of Guelph|University of Guelph
paper describes major points progress challenges health management dairy cattle last 25 yr selection leading contributors field acknowledged specific advances areas transition cow management epidemiology udder health applied immunology housing design calf health healthmonitoring tools described greatest advances dairy health last 25 yr shifts disease prevention rather treatment well focus individual animals groups herds fundamental advancement recognition multifactorial nature almost diseases importance dairy cattle epidemiology critical new tool used describe quantify interconnected risk factors produce disease another major advance redefining disease broadly include subclinical conditions eg subclinical mastitis ketosis rumen acidosis endometritis expansion resulted improved technology measure function organ level importantly evolution health management paradigm factor limits animal herd performance might considered component disease links cattle people consideration environmental ecosystem health likely expand concept disease prevention futurenotable successes decreases incidence milk fever clinical respiratory disease adults contagious mastitis clinical parasitism also improved protection vaccination coliform mastitis bovine virus diarrhea since 1980 average herd size milk production per cow increased dramatically despite increased demands cows metabolism humans management skills incidence common important diseases remained stable great progress made understanding biology energy metabolism immune function transition dairy cows time majority disease occurs coupled emerging understanding best provide dairy cows behavioral needs transition cow management promises foundation progress maintenance enhancement health dairy cows next 25 yr