Noriko Motoki, Haruka Morota, Takumi Shibazaki, Chizuko Nakamura, Yozo Nakazawa
Familial and lifestyle factors related to physical activity in elementary school students: a cross-sectional study based on a nationally representative survey in Japan
BMC pediatrics
purpose study examine longterm effects early risers skills success conduct problems prevention program er august bloomquist realmuto hektner 2007 multifaceted program targeting social emotional behavioral academic risk protective factors promote adaptive psychological development based random assignment school 245 kindergartners mean age 66 years sd 057 686 male elevated teacherrated aggressive behavior either participated er 3 intensive years plus 2 booster years served controls participants assessed annually intervention teacher parent reports 2 followup points current study 129 original participants reassessed diagnostic interviews late high school mean age 163 sd 052 multiple imputation used deal appropriately missing data program participants significantly fewer symptoms conduct disorder oppositional defiant disorder major depressive disorder controls programs effect increasing social skills parent discipline effectiveness grade 3 mediated effects results study provide evidence longterm positive effects multicomponent elementaryage targeted conduct problems prevention programs training children social skills parents effective discipline possible mechanisms divert maladaptive developmental cascades