Alison L Calear, Emily Macleod, Ashley M Hoye, Sonia McCallum, Alyssa Morse, Louise M Farrer, Philip J Batterham
Pragmatic controlled trial of a school-based emotion literacy program for 8- to 10-year-old children: study protocol
BMC psychiatry
studies demonstrated urban children dust represents main exposure sources metals like lead pb manganese mn aimed investigate exposure metals association intellectual deficit children living industrial region crosssectional study recruited volunteers four elementary schools town simes filho brazil evaluated 225 schoolaged children 712 years blood lead pbb manganese hair mnh toenails mntn graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry child maternal iqs estimated using wechsler abbreviated scale intelligence wasi median range pbb 12 03156 gdl mnh mntn medians ranges 074 016879 gg 085 0151330 gg respectively adjusting maternal iq age mn exposure child iq drops 86 points 10fold increase pbb levels moreover effect modification mn coexposure observed children low mntn association pb child iq significant 6780 p 0172 however high mntn association increased 279 870 p 0036 low pb exposure associated intellectual deficit children especially high mntn