Jan N. Hughes|Qi Chen|Felix Thoemmes|Oi?Man Kwok
An Investigation of the Relationship Between Retention in First Grade and Performance on High Stakes Tests in Third Grade
Mitchell Institute|Texas A&M University|University of North Texas|Mitchell Institute|Texas A&M University|Mitchell Institute|Texas A&M University
association grade retention first grade passing third grade state accountability tests texas assessment knowledge skills taks reading math investigated sample 769 students recruited study first grade 769 students 165 retained first grade 604 promoted using propensity matching created five imputed datasets average n321 promoted retained students matched 67 comprehensive covariates using gee models obtained association retention passing 3rd grade taks reading math tests positive association retention math scores significant association marginally significant reading scores