Isaac S Walton, Emma McCann, Astrid Weber, Jenny E V Morton, Peter Noons, Louise C Wilson, Rosanna C Ching, Deirdre Cilliers, David Johnson, Julie M Phipps, Deborah J Shears, Gregory P L Thomas, Steven A Wall, Stephen R F Twigg, Andrew O M Wilkie
Reassessing the association: Evaluation of a polyalanine deletion variant of RUNX2 in non-syndromic sagittal and metopic craniosynostosis
Journal of anatomy
extrapolations observational studies shortterm intervention trials suggest populationwide moderation salt intake might reduce cardiovascular eventsto assess whether 24hour urinary sodium excretion predicts blood pressure bp health outcomesprospective population study involving 3681 participants without cardiovascular disease cvd members families randomly enrolled flemish study genes environment health outcomes 19852004 european project genes hypertension 19992001 3681 participants without cvd 2096 normotensive baseline 1499 bp sodium excretion measured baseline last followup 20052008incidence mortality morbidity association changes bp sodium excretion multivariableadjusted hazard ratios hrs express risk tertiles sodium excretion relative average risk whole study populationamong 3681 participants followed median 79 years cvd deaths decreased across increasing tertiles 24hour sodium excretion 50 deaths low mean 107 mmol 24 medium mean 168 mmol 10 high excretion group mean 260 mmol p 001 resulting respective death rates 41 95 confidence interval ci 3547 19 95 ci 1523 08 95 ci 0511 multivariableadjusted analyses inverse association retained significance p 02 hr low tertile 156 95 ci 102236 p 04 baseline sodium excretion predicted neither total mortality p 10 fatal combined nonfatal cvd events p 55 among 2096 participants followed 65 years risk hypertension increase across increasing tertiles p 93 incident hypertension 187 270 hr 100 95 ci 087116 low 190 266 hr 102 95 ci 089116 medium 175 254 hr 098 95 ci 086112 high sodium excretion group 1499 participants followed 61 years systolic blood pressure increased 037 mm hg per year p 001 whereas sodium excretion change 045 mmol per year p 15 however multivariableadjusted analyses 100mmol increase sodium excretion associated 171 mm hg increase systolic blood pressure p001 change diastolic bpin populationbased cohort systolic blood pressure diastolic pressure changes time aligned change sodium excretion association translate higher risk hypertension cvd complications lower sodium excretion associated higher cvd mortality