Soudabeh Mohammadi, Mohammad Ali Mohammadi, Behroz Dadkhah
Dental caries prevalence among elementary school students and its relationship with body mass index and oral hygiene in Ardabil in 2019
Journal of the Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry
underrepresentation women science technology engineering mathematics stemrelated fields remains concern educators scientific community gender differences mathematics science achievement play role conjunction attitudes selfefficacy beliefs report results 2011 trends mathematics science study timss large international assessment eighth grade students achievement attitudes beliefs among 45 participating nations n 261738 small mediumsized gender differences found individual nations 60 31 mathematics achievement 60 26 science achievement although direction varied global gender differences overall pattern crossculturally incompatible notion immutable gender differences additionally different patterns oecd nonoecd nations girls scoring higher boys mathematics science achievement across nonoecd nations association found gender differences science achievement national levels gender equality providing support gender segregation hypothesis furthermore performance boys variable girls nations consistent greater male variability hypothesis boys reported favorable attitudes towards mathematics science girls reported lower selfefficacy beliefs gender gap stem achievement may closing still large sections world differences remain