Christopher Blodgett, Jane D Lanigan
The association between adverse childhood experience (ACE) and school success in elementary school children
School psychology quarterly : the official journal of the Division of School Psychology, American Psychological Association
schools present highly desirable marketing environments food beverage companies however marketed items nutritionally poor examine national trends student exposure selected schoolbased commercialism measures 2007 2012 annual nationally representative crosssectional studies evaluated us public elementary middle high schools use survey school administrators schoolbased commercialism including exclusive beverage contracts associated incentives profits advertising corporate food vending associated incentives profits postersadvertisements soft drinks fast food candy use food coupons incentives event sponsorships fast food available students changes time schoolbased commercialism well differences student body racialethnic distribution socioeconomic status although commercialism measuresespecially related beverage vendinghave shown significant decreases time students academic levels continued attend schools one types schoolbased commercialism 2012 overall exposure schoolbased commercialism increased significantly grade level 637 elementary school students frequent type commercialism food coupons used incentives secondary students type commercialism prevalent schools exclusive beverage contracts place schools attended 495 middle school students 698 high school students exposure elementary school coupons well middle high school exclusive beverage contracts significantly likely students attending schools mid low vs high student body socioeconomic status us elementary middle high school students attend schools exposed commercial efforts aimed obtaining food beverage sales developing brand recognition loyalty future sales although significant decreases time many measures examined continuing high prevalence schoolbased commercialism calls minimum clear enforceable standards nutritional content foods beverages marketed youth school settings