Joey A Lee, Gabriella M McLoughlin, Gregory J Welk
School Wellness Environments: Perceptions Versus Realities
The Journal of school nursing : the official publication of the National Association of School Nurses
researchers often misinterpret misrepresent statistical outputs abuse led large literature modification replacement testing thresholds pvalues confidence intervals bayes factors devices core problems appear cognitive rather statistical review simple methods aid researchers interpreting statistical outputs methods emphasize logical information concepts probability thus may robust common misinterpretations traditional descriptions use shannon transform pvalue p also known binary surprisal svalue log2p provide measure information supplied testing procedure help calibrate intuitions simple physical experiments like coin tossing also use tables graphs test statistics alternative hypotheses interval estimates different percentile levels thwart fallacies arising arbitrary dichotomies finally reinterpret pvalues interval estimates unconditional terms describe compatibility data entire set analysis assumptions illustrate methods reanalysis data existing recordbased cohort study line recent recommendations advise teaching materials research reports discuss pvalues measures compatibility rather significance compute pvalues alternative hypotheses whenever computed null hypotheses interpret interval estimates showing values high compatibility data rather regions confidence recommendations emphasize cognitive devices displaying compatibility observed data various hypotheses interest rather focusing single hypothesis tests interval estimates believe simple reforms well worth minor effort require