Kally Dey, Sinibaldo Romero Arocha, Yoon Soo Park, Pilar Ortega
Prevalence and quality of medical Spanish education in US osteopathic medical schools: a national survey
Journal of osteopathic medicine
big data machine learning tools jointly empowered humans making datadriven decisions however many capture empirical associations might spurious due confounding factors subgroup heterogeneity famous simpsons paradox phenomenon aggregated subgrouplevel associations contradict causing cognitive confusions difficulty making adequate interpretations decisions existing tools provide little insights humans locate reason prevent pitfalls spurious association practice propose vispur visual analytic system provides causal analysis framework humancentric workflow tackling spurious associations include confounder dashboard automatically identify possible confounding factors subgroup viewer allows visualization comparison diverse subgroup patterns likely potentially result misinterpretation causality additionally weproposea reasoning storyboard uses flowbased approach illustrate paradoxical phenomena well interactive decision diagnosis panel helps ensure accountable decisionmaking expert interview controlled user experiment qualitative quantitative results demonstrate proposed deparadox workflow designed visual analytic system effective helping human users identify understand spurious associations well make accountable causal decisions