Paul Whiteley
Does Citizenship Education Work? Evidence from a Decade of Citizenship Education in Secondary Schools in England
University of Essex
2002 compulsory lessons citizenship introduced secondary schools england following recommendations advisory group chaired late bernard crick study examines initiative successful affecting civic engagement young people exposed citizenship curriculum decade since introduced utilises survey 1826 year olds conducted 2011 compares respondents exposed curriculum natural experiment findings citizenship education positive impact three key components civic engagement efficacy political participation political knowledge suggests reform likely help offset trends civic participation among young people shown sharp decline key activities like voting voluntary activities time study concludes speculating likely effects coalition governments decision drop citizenship education compulsory subject national curriculum schools 2014