Hussein H Khachfe, Firyal J Zayyoun, Ehssan Sharif-Askari, Wiam Ramadan, Nancy Hallal, Hassan M Khachfe
Effect of Leishmaniasis on the Performance of Elementary School Students: A Case Study among Syrian Refugees in Some Bekaa (Lebanon) Area Schools
Journal of epidemiology and global health
examine association earlylife smoking exposure later risk inflammatory bowel disease ibd followed 115663 participants norwegian mother father child moba babies southeast sweden abis cohorts birth 19972009 2021 ibd identified national patient registers validated questionnaire data defined maternal smoking pregnancy maternal environmental tobacco smoke ets exposure pregnancy child ets exposure age 12 36 months cox regression used estimate adjusted hazard ratios ahrs sex maternal age education level parental ibd origin cohortspecific estimates pooled using randomeffects model 1987430 personyears followup 444 participants developed ibd abis n112 moba n332 vs maternal smoking pregnancy yielded pooled ahr 130 95ci097174 offspring ibd higher level maternal smoking pregnancy compared smoking average 6 cigarettesday pooled ahr160 95ci 108238 associated offspring ibd whereas lower smoking level average 15 cigarettesday pooled ahr109 95ci073164 child ets exposure first year life associated later ibd vs ets pooled ahr132 95ci103169 estimates observed child ets exposure 36 months similar statistically significant prospective scandinavian cohort study children exposed higher levels maternal smoking pregnancy ets first year life increased risk later ibd