Julia Green Brody|Sarah C. Dunagan|Rachel Morello?Frosch|Phil Brown|Sharyle Patton|Ruthann A. Rudel
Reporting individual results for biomonitoring and environmental exposures: lessons learned from environmental communication case studies
Silent Spring Institute|Silent Spring Institute|University of California, Berkeley|Northeastern University|Commonweal|Silent Spring Institute
measurement methods chemicals biological personal environmental samples expanded rapidly become cornerstone health studies public health surveillance measurements raise questions whether report individual results study participants particularly health effects exposure reduction strategies uncertain era greater public participation open disclosure science researchers institutional review boards irbs need new guidance changing norms best practices drawing experiences researchers irbs study participants discuss ethical frameworks effective methods outcomes studies reported personal results wide range environmental chemicals belmont report principles communitybased participatory research ethics imply responsibilities report individual results several recent biomonitoring guidance documents call individual reports meaningful reportback includes contextual information health implications exposure reduction strategies narrative graphs helpful graphs comparing individuals results participants study benchmarks national exposure report helpful must used carefully avoid incorrect inferences higher results necessarily harmful lower results safe methods tailored specific settings involving participants community members planning participants researchers participated reportback identified benefits increasing trust science retention cohort studies environmental health literacy individual community empowerment motivation reduce exposures researchers well participants gained unexpected insights characteristics sources environmental contamination participants almost universally eager receive results regret getting ethical considerations empirical experience support study participants right know results choose reportback become norm studies measure personal exposures recent studies provide models compiled handbook help research partnerships planning reportback thoughtful reportback strengthen research experiences investigators participants expand translation environmental health research communities