Tze Chang Liu
A Case Study of the Adaptive Learning Platform in a Taiwanese Elementary School: Precision Education from Teachers' Perspectives
Education and information technologies
research demonstrated icon arrays also called pictographs effective method communicating risk statistics appear particularly useful less numerate less graphically literate people yet research limited regarding whether icon type affects people interpret remember graphs 1502 people age 3575 demographically diverse online panel completed cardiovascular risk calculator based framingham data using actual age weight health data participants received risk estimate icon array graphic used 1 6 types icons rectangular blocks filled ovals smilefrown faces outline persons head shoulders malefemale restroom person icons gender matched actual headandshoulder photographs people varied races gender matched icon array blue icons represented cardiovascular events gray icons represented would experience event measured perceived risk magnitude approximate recall opinions icon arrays well subjective numeracy abbreviated measure graphical literacy risk recall significantly higher anthropomorphic icons restroom icons head outlines photos icon types participants rated restroom icons preferred however restroom icons resulted highest correlations perceived actual risk among numerategraphically literate participants performed better icon types among less numerategraphically literate participants icon type influences risk perceptions risk recall restroom icons particular resulting improved outcomes however optimal icon types may depend numeracy andor graphical literacy skills