Kevin B Korb, Erik P Nyberg, Abraham Oshni Alvandi, Shreshth Thakur, Mehmet Ozmen, Yang Li, Ross Pearson, Ann E Nicholson
Individuals vs. BARD: Experimental Evaluation of an Online System for Structured, Collaborative Bayesian Reasoning
Frontiers in psychology
intelligent tutoring systems computer programs model learners psychological states provide individualized instruction developed diverse subject areas eg algebra medicine law reading help learners acquire domainspecific cognitive metacognitive knowledge metaanalysis conducted research compared outcomes students learning learning nonits learning environments metaanalysis examined effect sizes varied type type comparison treatment received learners type learning outcome whether knowledge learned procedural declarative factors search major bibliographic databases 107 effect sizes involving 14321 participants extracted analyzed use associated greater achievement comparison teacherled largegroup instruction g 42 nonits computerbased instruction g 57 textbooks workbooks g 35 significant difference learning learning individualized human tutoring g 11 smallgroup instruction g 05 significant positive mean effect sizes found regardless whether used principal means instruction supplement teacherled instruction integral component teacherled instruction aid homework significant positive effect sizes found levels education almost subject domains evaluated whether provided feedback modeled student misconceptions claim relatively effective tools learning consistent analysis potential publication bias