Juan Liu, Yan Wang, Xiao-Yang Shi, Xin-Yu Liu, Cai-Hong Cui, Liang Qin, Qi-Xuan Wei, Zong-Bao Niu
Analysis of Current Situation Regarding Scientific Fitness Literacy of Nurses in Sports Medicine Integration
Risk management and healthcare policy
diagnosis limb apraxia relies mainly exclusion criteria eg elementary motor sensory deficits aphasia due diversity apraxia definitions assessment methods patients may may show apraxia depending chosen assessment method theory making definition apraxia somewhat arbitrary result apraxia may diagnosed patients different cognitive impairments based quantitative critical review literature argued situation roots evolution taskbased approach ie use gold standard tests detect apraxia toward processbased approach namely deconstruction conceptual production systems action multiple cognitive processes language executive functions working memory semantic memory body schema body image visualspatial skills social cognition visualkinesthetic engrams manipulation knowledge technical reasoning structural inference categorical apprehension coexistence approaches current literature major challenge stands way scientific definition apraxia step toward solution suggest focus symptoms two complementary definition criteria addition traditional exclusion criteria specificity ie apraxia explained alteration cognitive processes specifically dedicated gesture production consistency ie gesture production impairment consistent across tasks two categories limb apraxia proposed symptomatic apraxia ie gesture production deficits secondary general cognitive impairments idiopathic apraxia ie gesture production deficits observed isolation turns apraxia subtype fulfills exclusion specificity consistency criteria limbkinetic apraxia century liepmanns demonstration autonomy apraxia toward language autonomy syndrome toward rest cognition remains open question poses new challenges apraxia studies