Yali Zhang, Saiya Li
The effects of trade liberalization on inequality in nutrition intake: empirical evidence from Indian districts
BMC public health
family history data 99 autistic 36 downs syndrome probands reported confirmed raised familial loading autism broadly defined pervasive developmental disorders siblings 29 29 respectively vs 0 downs group also evidence familial aggregation lesser variant autism comprising subtle communicationsocial impairments stereotypic behaviours mental retardation alone 124 204 autism siblings 16 32 downs siblings exhibited lesser variant depending stringency definition amongst autistic probands speech various features disorder increased number autistic symptoms reduced verbal performance ability well history obstetric complications indexed elevation familial loading association seen probands without speech even though familial loading lesser variant subgroup significantly higher downs controls findings suggest autism phenotype extends beyond autism traditionally diagnosed aetiology involves several genes autism genetically heterogeneous obstetric abnormalities autistic subjects may derive abnormality foetus