Irene Brunk, Stefan Schauber, Waltraud Georg
Do they know too little? An inter-institutional study on the anatomical knowledge of upper-year medical students based on multiple choice questions of a progress test
Annals of anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : official organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft
study examines impact level income timing economic deprivation childhood completed schooling us data obtained panel study income dynamics among sample 1323 children born 1967 1973 328 sibling pairs average level income increased across childhood income ages 1115 years 40 higher income ages 05 years 39 children family incomes 15000 early childhood incomes low adolescence almost 50 siblings 15year average incomes differed 5000 multivariate analysis reveals children family incomes 1500025000 completed 82 years schooling 41 times greater odds completing high school insignificantly lower risk nonmarital birth next higher income level children half year higher schooling level children income 1500025000 10000 increase income averaged 05 years life children lowincome families associated 81 year increase completed schooling 29 times increase odds finishing high school estimated effects larger ages 610 years 1115 years parental income adolescence less important completion high school important college decisions children early childhood family incomes 1500025000 averaged 66 years schooling children lowest income group stagespecific income childhood stages strongly predict nonmarital childbearing high income adolescence enabled children enter college predict completion college sibling findings supported individualbased findings economic conditions early childhood particularly among lowincome families key determinants completed schooling