Shervin Assari
Social Determinants of Depression: The Intersections of Race, Gender, and Socioeconomic Status
University of Michigan–Ann Arbor
background despite wealth literature social determinants mental health less known intersection determinants using nationally representative sample study aimed study separate additive multiplicative effects race gender ses risk major depressive episode mde among american adults methods national survey american life nsal included 3570 african americans 891 whites race gender socioeconomic status ses household income education employment marital status independent variables twelvemonth mde measured composite international diagnostic interview cidi series logistic regressions used analyze data results pooled sample race household income gender education employment marital status associated 12month mde gender interacted effects income mde suggesting association household income mde larger women men race gender specific models controlled ses indicators high income protective white women education protective african american women high income became risk factor african american men high income show risk effect african american men absence ses indicators conclusions findings suggest race gender class interact ses indicators education income become protective risk factor mde among american adults outcome mde white women benefit income african american women gain education however residual effect high income beyond education employment marital status may become risk factor african american men