Alison L Calear, Emily Macleod, Ashley M Hoye, Sonia McCallum, Alyssa Morse, Louise M Farrer, Philip J Batterham
Pragmatic controlled trial of a school-based emotion literacy program for 8- to 10-year-old children: study protocol
BMC psychiatry
among many findings pisa 2018 assessment shows 15yearold students four provincesmunicipalities china participated study beijing shanghai jiangsu zhejiang outperformed large margin peers 78 participating education systems mathematics sciencemoreover 10 disadvantaged students four jurisdictions also showed better reading skills average student oecd countries well skills similar 10 advantaged students countriestrue four provincesmunicipalities eastern china far representing china whole size compares typical oecd country combined populations amount 180 millionwhat makes achievement even remarkable level income four chinese regions well oecd averagethe quality schools today feed strength economies tomorrowin context given fact expenditure per primary secondary student rose 15 across oecd countries past decade disappointing oecd countries saw virtually improvement performance students since pisa first conducted 2000in fact seven 79 education systems analysed saw significant improvements reading mathematics science performance students throughout participation pisa one portugal member oecdduring period demands placed reading skills 15yearolds fundamentally changedthe smartphone transformed ways people read exchange information digitalisation resulted emergence new forms text ranging concise lengthy unwieldyin past students could find clear singular answers questions carefully curated governmentapproved textbooks could trust answers truetoday find hundreds thousands answers questions line figure true false right wrongreading longer mainly extracting information constructing knowledge thinking critically making wellfounded judgementsagainst backdrop findings latest pisa round show fewer 1 10 students oecd countries able distinguish fact opinion based implicit cues pertaining content source informationin fact four provincesmunicipalities china well canada estonia finland singapore united states one seven students demonstrate level reading proficiencythere another side thisthe kinds things easy teach nowadays also easy digitise automatein age artificial intelligence ai need think harder develop firstclass humans pair ai computers cognitive social emotional skills values peopleai amplify good ideas good practice way amplifies bad ideas bad practice ethically neutralhowever ai always hands people neutralthat education future teaching people also helping develop reliable compass navigate increasingly complex ambiguous volatile worldwhether ai destroy create jobs much depend whether imagination awareness sense responsibility help us harness technology shape world betterthese issues oecd currently exploring education 2030 projectpisa also broadening range outcomes measures including global competency 2018 creative thinking 2021 learning digital world 2024the 2018 assessment asked students express relate others think lives future whether believe capacity grow improvemeasuring wellbeing 15yearold students target pisa population particularly important students age key transition phase physical emotional developmentwhen comes social emotional outcomes topperforming chinese provincesmunicipalities among education systems room improvementeven across oecd countries two three students reported satisfied lives percentage shrank five percentage points 2015 2018some 6 students reported always feeling sadin almost every education system girls expressed greater fear failure boys even outperformed boys reading large marginalmost quarter students reported bullied least times monthperhaps disturbingly onethird countries economies participated pisa 2018 including oecd countries greece mexico poland one two students said intelligence something couldnt change muchthose students unlikely make investments necessary succeed school lifeimportantly growth mindset seems consistently associated students motivation master tasks general selfefficacy setting learning goals perceiving oecd 2019 pisa 2018 results volume students know do4preface value school negatively associated fear failureeven wellbeing indicators examined pisa refer specifically school context students sat 2018 pisa test cited three main aspects lives influence feel life school relationships parents satisfied way lookit may tempting conclude performing better school necessarily increase anxiety schoolwork undermine students wellbeingbut countries belgium estonia finland germany show high performance strong sense wellbeing achieved simultaneously set important examples othersother countries show equity excellence also jointly achievedin australia canada denmark estonia finland hong kong china japan korea macao china norway united kingdom example average performance higher oecd average relationship socioeconomic status reading performance weaker oecd averagemoreover one ten disadvantaged students able score top quarter reading performance countryeconomy indicating poverty destinythe data also show world longer divided rich welleducated nations poor badly educated onesthe level economic development explains 28 variation learning outcomes across countries linear relationship assumed twohowever remains necessary many countries promote equity much greater urgencywhile students welloff families often find path success life disadvantaged families generally one single chance life great teacher good schoolif miss boat subsequent education opportunities tend reinforce rather mitigate initial differences learning outcomesagainst background disappointing many countries students schools post code remains strongest predictor achievementin argentina bulgaria czech republic hungary peru slovak republic united arab emirates typical disadvantaged student less oneineight chance attending school high achieversfurthermore half pisaparticipating countries economies principals disadvantaged schools significantly likely advantaged schools report schools capacity provide instruction hindered lack inadequacy educational material 31 countries economies principals disadvantaged schools likely advantaged ones report lack teaching staff hinders instructionin systems students face double disadvantage one comes home background another created school systemthere numerous reasons students perform better others performance differences never related social background students schoolsclearly countries excellent students countries enabled students excel fulfill potential soachieving greater equity education social justice imperative also way use resources effectively increase supply skills fuel economic growth promote social cohesionfor right knowledge skills digitalisation globalisation liberating exciting insufficiently prepared trends mean vulnerable insecure work life prospectsour economies linked together global chains information goods also increasingly concentrated hubs comparative advantage built renewedthis makes distribution knowledge wealth crucial possible distribution education opportunitiesequipping citizens knowledge skills necessary achieve full potential contribute increasingly interconnected world convert better skills better lives needs become central preoccupation policy makers around worldfairness integrity inclusiveness public policy thus hinge skills citizensin working achieve goals countries looking beyond borders evidence successful efficient education policies practicespisa worlds comprehensive reliable indicator students capabilities also powerful tool countries economies use finetune education policiesvolume v pisa 2018 results published june 2020 highlight policies practices predict success students schools education systemsthat oecd produces triennial report state education around globe share evidence best policies practices offer timely targeted support help countries provide best education possible students angel gurra