Sandra Sequeira|Nathan Nunn|Nancy Qian
Immigrants and the Making of America
London School of Economics and Political Science|Bread for the World Institute|Harvard University|Bread for the World Institute|Fudan University|Kellogg's (Canada)
abstract study effects european immigration us age mass migration 18501920 economic prosperity exploiting crosscounty variation immigration arises interaction fluctuations aggregate immigrant flows gradual expansion railway network find counties historical immigration higher income less poverty less unemployment higher rates urbanization greater educational attainment today longrun effects seem capture persistence shortrun benefits including greater industrialization increased agricultural productivity innovation