Hannah K Behringer, Emilie R Saksvig, Peter J Boedeker, Paul N Elish, Christi M Kay, Hannah G Calvert, Adria M Meyer, Julie A Gazmararian
Physical activity and academic achievement: an analysis of potential student- and school-level moderators
The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity
school food environment critical interface child adolescent nutrition need understand existing literature canadian school food environments identify equity gaps opportunities empower decisionmakers plan future action literature canadian school food nutrition interventions policies programs effects diets nutritional status synthesized appraised systematic review search strategy developed database used medline embase psycinfo eric cochrane collaboration canadian electronic library bibliomap combination free text controlled vocabulary articles published 1990 2021 unpublished data grey literature also searched quantitative qualitative studies observational intervention study design reviews program evaluations conducted canadian schools participants aged 5199 years included key study characteristics risk bias extracted independently 2 investigators using standardized tool total 298 articles included n 192 peer reviewed 106 grey literature mostly conducted ontario n 52 british columbia n 43 nova scotia n 28 twentyfour interventions 5 nonevaluated programs 1 policy involved indigenous populations overall 86 articles measured reported effectiveness outcomes including dietary intake anthropometry knowledge attitudes practices physical activity literature remains largely heterogenous primarily focused nutrition education programs use subjective assessments infer changes nutrition key facilitator implementation sustainability community engagement whereas key barriers staff capacity access resources funding consistent leadership review provides insight canadian school food nutrition interventions programs policies uncovers important evidence gaps require careful examination future evaluations governments must create supportive environments optimize nutrition children adolescents equitable policies programs prospero registration crd42022303255