Masumeh Hemmati Malsakpak, Sima Pourteimour
Comparison of the Effects of E-learning Blended with Collaborative Learning and Lecture-Based Teaching Approaches on Academic Self-Efficacy among Undergraduate Nursing Students: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Journal of advances in medical education & professionalism
nonpharmacologic interventions npis universal masking implemented sarscov2 pandemic reduced respiratory infections among children study evaluated impact npis mycoplasma pneumoniae infections children analyzing data two hospitals arkansas examining agerelated differences coinfections respiratory viruses study approved institutional review board included patients 18 years upper respiratory tract symptoms data generated filmarray respiratory panel divided prenpi npi postnpi periods analysis overall test positivity rate positivity rate interval changes evaluated statistical differences determined chisquare 2 independence analysis total 100077 tests performed statistical increase testing volume npi postnpi periods number positive pneumoniae tests decreased 77 77 18 npi period increased 50 18 27 postnpi period preschool elementary school age groups highest number positive tests study 59 48 40 33 respectively reduced pneumoniae infections consistent across age groups coinfections respiratory viruses particularly human rhinovirusenterovirus observed much lower levels pediatric pneumoniae infections arkansas temporally associated implementation discontinuation npis specific viral coinfections still occurred albeit lower levels sarscov2 pandemic slower growth bacterium expect pneumoniae infections return prepandemic levels within approximately 2 years nonpharmacologic interventions npis effectively curtailed spread sarscov2 fortuitously many aerosoltransmitted respiratory pathogens study included largest data set symptomatic pediatric patients within united states spanning period november 2017 december 2023 encompassed individuals residing rural urban settings observed strong correlation implementation cessation npis rate respiratory infections due mycoplasma pneumoniae viral coinfections infections returning baseline levels approximately 2 years following npi cessation observation unexpected since replication time viruses exponentially faster bacteria resurgence pneumoniae likely atypical bacterial pathogens currently process healthcare providers strongly consider pathogens individuals presenting respiratory tract illnesses