Andrew D Oxman|Atle Fretheim
Can paying for results help to achieve the Millennium Development Goals? Overview of the effectiveness of results?based financing
Nasjonalt Kunnskapssenter for Helsetjenesten|Nasjonalt Kunnskapssenter for Helsetjenesten
resultsbased financing payforperformance refer transfer money material goods conditional taking measurable action achieving predetermined performance target resultsbased financing widely advocated achieving health goals including millennium development goalswe undertook overview systematic reviews effectiveness rbf searched cochrane library embase medline august 2007 also searched related articles pubmed checked reference lists retrieved articles contacted key informants included reviews methods section addressed effects resultsbased financing health sector targeted patients providers organizations governments summarized characteristics findings review using structured formatwe found 12 systematic reviews met inclusion criteria based findings reviews financial incentives targeting recipients health care individual healthcare professionals effective short run simple distinct welldefined behavioral goals less evidence financial incentives sustain longterm changes conditional cash transfers poor disadvantaged groups latin america effective increasing uptake preventive services otherwise limited evidence effects resultsbased financing low middleincome countries resultsbased financing undesirable effects including motivating unintended behaviors distortions ignoring important tasks rewarded incentives gaming improving cheating reporting rather improving performance widening resource gap rich poor dependency financial incentivesthere limited evidence effectiveness resultsbased financing almost evidence costeffectiveness resultsbased financing based available evidence likely mechanisms financial incentives work likely influence discrete individual behaviors short run less likely create sustained changes