J Frederico Marques, Nicola Canessa, Stefano Cappa
Neural differences in the processing of true and false sentences: insights into the nature of 'truth' in language comprehension
Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior
kids control food kickoff 5day structured education program 11 16yearolds type 1 diabetes mellitus t1dm using multiple daily insulin injections study evaluates costeffectiveness kickoff education program compared usual care using data kickoff trial shortterm withintrial analysis covers 2year postintervention period data glycated hemoglobin hba1c severe hypoglycemia diabetic ketoacidosis dka collected 2year followup period subgroup analyses defined basis baseline hba1c 75 percent 585 mmolmol low group 75 percent 95 percent 803 mmolmol medium group 95 percent high group longterm costeffectiveness evaluation conducted using sheffield type 1 diabetes policy model patientlevel simulation model t1dm includes longterm microvascular retinopathy neuropathy nephropathy macrovascular myocardial infarction stroke revascularization angina diabetesrelated complications acute adverse events severe hypoglycemia dka favorable withintrial scenario kickoff arm led incremental costeffectiveness ratio icer 23688 base year 2009 costeffectiveness probability 413 percent simulating longterm complications using full cohort data mean icer base case 28813 base year 2011 probability kickoff intervention costeffective 20000qaly threshold 426 percent considerable variation due treatment effect duration high hba1c subgroup kickoff arm dominant meaning provided better health gains lower costs usual care usual care arm scenario considered whole study population costeffectiveness kickoff depends assumption treatment effect duration high baseline hba1c subgroup kickoff arm estimated dominant usual care arm regardless assumption treatment effect duration