Usman Hadi|D. Offra Duerink|Endang Sri Lestari|Nico Nagelkerke|Susanne Werter|Monique Keuter|Eddy Suwandojo|Eddy Rahardjo|Peterhans van den Broek|Inge C. Gyssens
Survey of antibiotic use of individuals visiting public healthcare facilities in Indonesia
Airlangga University|Leiden University Medical Center|Dr. Kariadi Hospital|Diponegoro University|United Arab Emirates University|Radboud University Nijmegen|Radboud University Medical Center|Radboud University Nijmegen|Radboud University Medical Center|Airlangga University|Airlangga University|Leiden University Medical Center|Canisius-Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis|Radboud University Nijmegen|Radboud University Medical Center
estimate antibiotic use individuals visiting public healthcare facilities indonesia identify determinants use background high resistance ratespatients admission hospital group visiting primary health center group b healthy relatives group c included study questionnaire demographic socioeconomic healthcarerelated items including health complaints consumption antibiotics used logistic regression performed determine covariables antibiotic useof 2996 individuals interviewed 486 16 taken antibiotic compared group c 7 consumption groups b exhibited threefold fourfold higher use antibiotics respectively respiratory 80 gastrointestinal 13 symptoms frequent aminopenicillins tetracyclines accounted 80 prescribed antibiotics similar antibiotics selfmedicated 17 users age less 18 years health insurance independent determinants antibiotic use urban provenance adult male health insurance independent determinants selfmedicationin addition health complaints factors determined antibiotic consumption view likely viral origin respiratory complaints resistance intestinal pathogens antibiotic use probably unnecessary ineffective future interventions directed towards healthcare providers