Chris May, Codie Atherton, Kim Colyvas, Vincent Mancini, Linda E Campbell
Development of a Brief Coparenting Measure: The Coparenting Competence Scale
International journal of environmental research and public health
social scientists slow appreciate great diversity among poor quite recently researchers devoted attention examining patterns persistent poverty understanding individuals families maneuver way economic disadvantage exceptions see clark 1983 kellam ensminger turner 1977 williams kornblum 1985 evidence mobility patterns among poor provides perfect analogy halfemptyhalffull glass individuals begin life poverty least many manage improve circumstances remain persistently impoverished duncan hill hoffman 1988 yet relatively little known disadvantaged eventually escape others remain entrapped poverty researchers different disciplines begun tackle problem surprisingly featured explanations congenial distinctive ways looking world economists stress importance financial human capital highlighting individuals invest time money improve longterm position labor force palmer smeeding torrey 1988 psychologists point importance individual traits competence selfefficacy linked upward mobility bandura 1989 garmezy 1985 rutter madge 1976 werner smith 1982 sociologists part underscore importance institutional resources social networks communities poor people reside granovetter 1973 wellman 8t wortley 1990 course reality different sorts mechanisms often operate tandem perhaps interesting question various sources differentiation among poor packaged together answering question id certain types individuals locate use resources often short supply within local environments improve prospects longterm prospects children involves integrating different disciplinary perspectives article draws data longitudinal study teenage mothers children investigate sources differentiation several indicators young adult success particular explore role social capital concept developed coleman 1988 extent bridges disciplinary gaps described goal determine whether successful outcomes among sample disadvantaged youth related measures familybased communitybased social capital social capital youth development process investment economic psychological social resources believed associated upward mobility begins early life typically takes place within family parents addition utilizing financial resources cultivate promote individual competencies children varying degrees effectiveness parents seek opportunities environment attempt shelter children dangers thus family represents point common interest social scientists seeking understand certain children able escape powerful disadvantage growing poor coleman 1988 employed term social capital designate complex variegated social mechanisms parents garner advance childrens chances success colemans description social capital quite broad overlaps specific theoretical constructs processes identified developmental psychologists attempting explain successful adaptation children risk longterm disadvantage see eg garmezy rutter 1983 colemans ideas also echo approach studying development formulated bronfenbrenner students eg bronfenbrenner 1979 garbarino 1992 steinberg dornbusch brown 1992