Masaharu Akao, Hirofumi Tomita, Michikazu Nakai, Eitaro Kodani, Shinya Suzuki, Kenshi Hayashi, Mitsuaki Sawano, Masahiko Goya, Takeshi Yamashita, Keiichi Fukuda, Toyonobu Tsuda, Mitsuaki Isobe, Kazunori Toyoda, Yoshihiro Miyamoto, Tomonori Okamura, Yusuke Sasahara, Ken Okumura
A Novel Risk Score for Major Bleeding in Japanese Patients with Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation: The J-RISK AF Study
Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis
corrections frequently used effective tool countering misinformation however concerns raised corrections may introduce false claims new audiences misinformation novel boosting familiarity claim increase belief claim thus exposing new audiences novel misinformationeven part correctionmay inadvertently increase misinformation belief outcome could conceptualized familiarity backfire effect whereby familiarity boost increases falseclaim endorsement controlcondition precorrection baseline examined whether standalone correctionsthat corrections presented without initial misinformation exposurecan backfire increase participants reliance misinformation subsequent inferential reasoning relative nomisinformation nocorrection control condition across three experiments total n 1156 found standalone corrections backfire immediately experiment 1 oneweek delay experiment 2 however mixed evidence suggesting corrections may backfire skepticism regarding correction experiment 3 specifically experiment 3 found standalone correction backfire openended responses skepticism towards correction however replicate rating scales measure future research examine whether skepticism towards correction first replicable mechanism backfire effects occur