Melissa Gladstone|Gillian Lancaster|Amy Jones|Kenneth Maleta|E Mtitimila|Per Ashorn|Rosalind L. Smyth
Can Western developmental screening tools be modified for use in a rural Malawian setting?
University of Malawi|Lancaster University|University of Liverpool|Blantyre Institute for Community Ophthalmology|Tampere University|Tampere University Hospital|Tampere University|Tampere University Hospital|University of Liverpool
create culturally relevant developmental assessment tool use children rural africathrough focus groups piloting work validation culturally appropriate developmental tool based style denver ii created age standardised norms estimated using 1130 normal children aged 06 years rural setting malawi performance item tool examined goodness fit logistic regression reliability interpretability consensus meeting instrument revised removal items performing poorlyan assessment tool 138 items created face content respondent validity demonstrated consensus meeting 97 3334 gross motor items retained comparison 51 1835 social items 86 6980 items denver ii denver developmental screening test ddst retained comparison 69 3246 newly created items many poor reliability goodness fit gender effect 23 835 social items removed items attained 6 years came entirely denver ii fine motor section 434 overall 110 138 items 80 retained revised instrument items needing modificationwhen creating developmental tools rural african setting many items western tools adapted gross motor domain culturally adaptable whereas social development difficult adapt culturally specific