Yohei Suzuki, Ai Ikeda, Koutatsu Maruyama, Naoko Sakamoto, Hiroo Wada, Takeshi Tanigawa
The association between obesity and hyperactivity/anxiety among elementary school students in Japan
International journal of behavioral medicine
examine associations abnormal maternal glucose regulation pregnancy offspring adiposity insulin resistance adipokine inflammatory markers childhood adolescence project viva prospective prebirth cohort n 2128 live births initiated 1999 2002 eastern massachusetts us second trimester pregnancy clinicians used twostep oral glucose challenge testing screen gestational diabetes mellitus gdm offspring measured anthropometry insulin resistance adipokines lipids inflammatory markers midchildhood n1107 early adolescence n1027 midadolescence n693 used multivariable linear regression models generalized estimating equations adjusted child age sex maternal age raceethnicity education parity smoking pregnancy adjusted prepregnancy body mass index bmi midadolescence 171 08 years old offspring mothers gdm n27 higher bmi zscore 95cl 041 sd 000 082 sum skinfolds 815 mm 248 1382 homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance homair 081 units 013 150 leptin zscore 040 sd 001 078 leptinadiponectin ratio zscore 051 sd ci 009 093 compared offspring mothers normoglycemia multivariableadjusted models associations bmi homair adiponectin seemed stronger midadolescence compared earlier time points associations attenuated towards null adjustment maternal prepregnancy bmi exposure gdm associated higher adiposity insulin resistance altered adipokines midadolescence findings suggest peripubertal period could key time emergence prenatally programmed metabolic abnormalities