Kyung-Sook Bang, Sungjae Kim, Kalevi M Korpela, Min Kyung Song, Gumhee Lee, Yeseul Jeong
Evaluating the Reliability and Validity of the Children's Vitality-Relaxation Scale
International journal of environmental research and public health
using nicholls 1989 dweck 1999 2002 theories ability conceptual frameworks study explored teachers students conceptions ability elementary physical education participants 8 physical education specialists five public schools 160 students second fourthgrade classes teacher student interviews questionnaires used data collection asked describe best poorest students physical education classes teachers defined referenced student status solely terms class behavior effort participation working hard contrast students primarily used abilityrelated indicators task mastery social comparison along class behavior criteria ability overall teachers students different views good students elementary physical education era standardsbased learning accountability education teachers may need focus taskinvolved climate taking account student learning achievement