Z Y Xin, X Guo, J Y Chen, H H Liu, F L Chen, H J Li, L Ma, J Cui, Z Wang, Y J Wang
[The investigation on the situation of biting pencils among part pupils in Harbin, Guangzhou, and Beijing]
Zhonghua yu fang yi xue za zhi [Chinese journal of preventive medicine]
selfmanagement common method chronic obstructive pulmonary disease copd management isolated behaviour set physical social cultural psychological existential factors affecting study aimed explore facilitators barriers selfmanagement men copd unique social cultural political economic context iran paper reports part findings qualitative grounded theory study aimed exploring process selfmanagement iranian men copd conducted iran january 2019 july 2023 participants included men copd family members pulmonologists selection participants research began purposeful sampling method data collected using semistructured interviews data collection continued data saturation achieved total 15 interviews conducted nine patients three family members patients three pulmonologists data analysed using constant comparative analysis method findings study showed knowledge education experience family involvement financial support factors facilitate selfmanagement factors related deficits include lack education lack treatment support family cooperation deficit financial problems medication obtaining problems factors related disease impacts include specific nature disease residual effect comorbidity factors related negative patients characteristics include false beliefs poor selfefficacy feeling shame nonadherence barriers selfmanagement men copd based results study healthcare providers health planners strengthen factors facilitate selfmanagement weaken remove barriers selfmanagement patients use selfmanagement strategies maximum capacity control disease