Bing Xu, Xin-Yuan Shi, Zhi-Sheng Wu, Yan-Ling Zhang, Yun Wang, Yan-Jiang Qiao
[Quality by design approaches for pharmaceutical development and manufacturing of Chinese medicine]
Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica
stable isotopes routinely applied determine impact factors aging disease exercise feeding wholebody protein metabolism common approaches quantify wholebody protein synthesis breakdown oxidation rates net protein balance based quantification plasma amino acid kinetics postabsorptive state plasma amino acid kinetics easily assessed using constant infusion one stable isotope labeled amino acid tracers postprandial state exogenous dietary proteinderived amino acid flux needs accounted accurately quantify endogenous well exogenous proteinderived amino acid release circulation continuous tracer infusion method accompanied ingestion intrinsically labeled protein however production labeled protein expensive labor intensive use routine research studies alternative approaches either assumed 100 exogenous amino acids released circulation applied estimated percentage based protein digestibility however estimations introduce large artifacts assessment wholebody protein metabolism preferred estimation approach based extrapolation intrinsically labeled proteinderived plasma bioavailability data obtained similar experimental design setting provide reference data exogenous plasma amino acid release applied allow accurate routine assessment postprandial protein metabolism work area needed provide extensive reference data set