Roland Scholz|Gerald Steiner
The real type and ideal type of transdisciplinary processes: part II—what constraints and obstacles do we meet in practice?
Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology|Universität für Weiterbildung Krems
paper builds theoretical foundation outlined part real type ideal type transdisciplinary processes part itheoretical foundations included special feature mode 2 transdisciplinarity processes characterized processes relate integrate problemoriented interdisciplinary research knowledge generated multistakeholder approach objective develop socially robust orientations instance sustainable transitioning practice transdisciplinary processes may different functions ie societal capacity building consensus building analytic mediation legitimization practitioners scientists may follow different interests may distinguish different types knowledge integration including different perspectives modes thoughts cultures thus reality transdisciplinarity processes may become complex ambitious venture whose multiple objectives difficult realize practice paper reviews existing challenges obstacles constraints transdisciplinary processes review refers 41 mid largescale transdisciplinary studies run members itdnet seven universities sustainable transitions urban regional systems organizations policy processes comprehensive table used checklist identifying coping constraints obstacles transdisciplinary processes practice discussion identifies main challenges future development transdisciplinaritys theory practice including linking mode 1 transdisciplinarity ie relating disciplinary causation interdisciplinarity possible merging concepts methods mode 2 transdisciplinarity targets sustainable knowledge action system transitioning