Yongjiang Xu, Zaihua Wang, Chenglei Pei, Cheng Wu, Bo Huang, Chunlei Cheng, Zhen Zhou, Mei Li
Single particle mass spectral signatures from on-road and non-road vehicle exhaust particles and their application in refined source apportionment using deep learning
The Science of the total environment
four experiments investigated ability border collie chaser acquire receptive language skills experiment 1 demonstrated chaser learned retained 3year period intensive training propernoun names 1022 objects experiment 2 presented random pairwise combinations three commands three names demonstrated understood separate meanings propernoun names commands chaser understood names refer objects independent behavior directed toward objects experiment 3 demonstrated chasers ability learn three common nounswords represent categories chaser demonstrated onetomany common noun manytoone multiplename nameobject mappings experiment 4 demonstrated chasers ability learn words inferential reasoning exclusioninferring name object based novelty among familiar objects already names together studies indicate chaser acquired referential understanding nouns ability normally attributed children included awareness words may refer objects b awareness verbal cues map words upon object referent c awareness names may refer unique objects categories objects independent behaviors directed toward objects