David A Birch, Susan Goekler, M Elaine Auld, David K Lohrmann, Adrian Lyde
Quality Assurance in Teaching K-12 Health Education: Paving a New Path Forward
Health promotion practice
using cups task subjects presented limited visual auditory information used deduce location hidden reward call 2004 found prima facie evidence inferential reasoning exclusion several great ape species one bonobo pan paniscus two gorillas gorilla gorilla appeared make inferences visual auditory domains however common chimpanzees pan troglodytes successful visual domain bornean orangutans pongo pygmaeus neither present research built paradigm experiment 1 yielded prima facie evidence inference exclusion domains two common chimpanzees visual domain two sumatran orangutans pongo abelii experiments 2 3 demonstrated two specific associative learning explanations could readily account results important focus program research assess cognitive capacities lesser apes family hylobatidae modified calls original procedures better suit attentional dispositional characteristics experiment 1 testing also attempted three gibbon genera symphalangus nomascus hylobates none subjects completed standard task testing three siamangs symphalangus syndactylus spider monkey ateles geoffroyi using faster method yielded prima facie evidence inferential reasoning exclusion visual domain among siamangs experiment 4