Kai S. Cortina|Sari Arel|Joanne P. Smith?Darden
School Belonging in Different Cultures: The Effects of Individualism and Power Distance
University of Michigan–Ann Arbor|University of Michigan–Ann Arbor|Wayne State University
limited evidence exists larger cultural framework affects psychological processes related schooling investigated cultural dimensions individualismcollectivism power distance influence sense school belongingness using programme international student assessment pisa 2003 survey data 15yearold students 31 countries hierarchical linear model analysis indicated power distance ie hierarchical nature social relationships better predictor school belongingness cultural level individualismcollectivism accordingly students living cultures high degree power distance particularly east asian countries data report lower school belongingness students living cultures lateral power relationships western countries positive teacher student relations preference cooperative learning environment predict higher school belongingness across cultures