Hyejun Chi, Sohee Jung, S V Subramanian, Rockli Kim
Socioeconomic and geographic inequalities in antenatal and postnatal care components in India, 2016-2021
Scientific reports
background pacifier use popular ages prevalent world various perceived benefits hand common belief carry health risks well due contradicting belief systems frequency use factors determine need thoroughly evaluated since pakistan developing country low literacy rate implied vast majority countrys population may lack awareness regarding advantages disadvantages pacifier use making incapable weighing associated risks versus benefits data evaluating factors region however scarce published literature therefore aimed highlight frequency predictors pacifier use low socioeconomic group karachi pakistan materials methods descriptive crosssectional study conducted sample 300 mothers visiting tertiary care hospital karachi pakistan included mothers least one child age two years whose child oronasal anomaly could prevent sucking pacifier data collected using pretested questionnaires analyzed using statistical package social sciences spss version 230 ibm corp armonk ny us frequencies calculated presented form tables chisquare test used determine significance categorical variables pvalue 005 considered statistically significant results almost half respondents 49 gave pacifiers children significant number 59 mothers uneducated almost 97 users annual household income less 15000 pakistani rupees pkr 34 primiparous twothirds 71 normal vaginal delivery factors maternal age less 20 annual household income less 15000 pkr primiparity significantly associated pacifier use mothers p005 half users 51 cleaned pacifiers boiling onefourth 25 washed water 18 washed soap water majority 84 mothers used pacifier soothe baby upset among mothers use pacifier third 30 believed bad practice onefourth 27 believed unhygienic conclusions study highlights gap awareness mothers regarding pacifier use using data target disseminate specific information population integrate safe healthy child care habits society