Delroy L. Paulhus|P. D. Harms|M. Nadine Bruce|Daria C. Lysy
The over-claiming technique: Measuring self-enhancement independent of ability.
University of British Columbia
overclaiming concrete operalization selfenhancement based respondents ratings knowledge various persons events products 20 items nonexistent responses analyzed signal detection formulas index response bias overclaiming accuracy knowledge study 1 demonstrated convergence overclaiming alternative measures selfenhancement independence cognitive ability studies 23 validity overclaiming index held even respondents warned foils b asked fake good study 3 also showed utility overclaiming index diagnosing faking study 4 overclaiming technique applied debate adaptive value positive illusions