Ariadna Capasso, Yesim Tozan, Ralph J DiClemente, Kerstin Pahl
Childhood Violence, High School Academic Environment, and Adult Alcohol Use Among Latinas and Black Women: A Structural Equation Modeling Study
Journal of interpersonal violence
hand hygiene hh important practice prevents transmission infectious diseases covid19 however resourcelimited areas water soap always available difficult practice hh correctly appropriate moments purpose study assess hh knowledge behaviors among students six elementary schools quetzaltenango guatemala identify gaps could later inform interventions improve hh conducted knowledge attitude practices kap surveys among primary school students covid19 pandemic july 2022 also observed students hh practices three different moments day making note use hh station materials duration handwashing presence hh assistant students sex also used quantitative personal hygiene assessment tool qphat measure hand dirtiness eating restroom use upon arriving school surveyed 109 students across six schools mean scores 4 5 knowledge 8 8 attitudes 6 7 hh practices students identified eating critical moment hh 688 fewer identified restroom use 312 students mentioned hh necessary coughing sneezing observed 326 hh opportunities 512 performed correct hh used water soap least 20 used alcoholbased hand rub materials available collected 82 qphat hand swabs kruskal wallis test revealed significant difference hand dirtiness entering school restroom use p 0017 significant difference eating entering school p 06988 results kap survey show high scores however correct identification key moments hh relatively uncommon especially restroom use coughing sneezing additionally half hh opportunities observed correct hh practices average hands dirtiest arriving school findings inform interventions improve hh practices behaviors evaluated followup data collection