April R Williams, Maria D Thomson, Erin L Britton
Associations between blood pressure control and clinical events suggestive of nutrition care documented in electronic health records of patients with hypertension
BMC medical informatics and decision making
cerebral visual impairment cvi common sequala early brain injury damage malformation one leading individual causes visual dysfunction pediatric populations worldwide although patients cvi heterogeneous terms underlying etiology visual behavioural manifestations may underlying similarities terms white matter pathways potentially altered exploratory study used diffusion tractography examine potential differences volume quantitative anisotropy qa well mean axial radial diffusivities mean diffusivity md axial diffusivity ad radial diffusivity rd respectively focusing dorsal ventral visual stream pathways cohort young adults cvi compared typically sighted developing controls high angular resolution diffusion imaging hardi data acquired sample 10 individuals diagnosis cvi mean age 173 years 297 standard deviation sd range 1422 years 17 controls mean age 1982 years 334 sd range 1525 years inferior longitudinal fasciculus ilf inferior frontooccipital fasciculus ifof vertical occipital fasciculus vof three divisions superior longitudinal fasciculus slf ii iii virtually reconstructed average tract volume adjusted intracranial volume md ad rd compared cvi control groups secondary analysis analysis variance anova carried investigate potential differences based etiology ie cvi due periventricular leukomalacia cvipvl cvi due causes cvinonpvl observed large degree variation within cvi group minimized overall group differences tractography outcomes examining cvi sample unitary group secondary analysis observed significant reductions tract volume cvipvl group compared controls individuals cvi due causes also observed widespread significant increases qa md ad cvipvl compared control group mixed effects cvinonpvl group data provide preliminary evidence aberrant development key white matter fasciculi implicated visual perceptual processing skills often impaired varying degrees individuals cvi results also indicate severity extent white matter changes may due part underlying cause cerebral visual impairments additional analyses need done larger sample alongside behavioural testing fully appreciate relationships white matter integrity visual dysfunction associated causes individuals cvi