Sandra Lavenex|Frank Schimmelfennig
EU democracy promotion in the neighbourhood: from leverage to governance?
University of Lucerne|Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology|ETH Zurich
eu external democracy promotion traditionally based linkage ie bottomup support democratic forces third countries leverage ie topdown inducement political elites towards democratic reforms political conditionalitythe advent european neighbourhood policy new forms association introduced new third model democracy promotion rests functional cooperation administrationsthis article comparatively defines explicates three models external democracy promotionit argues linkage hitherto failed produce tangible outcomes success leverage basically tied eu membership perspective governance model democracy promotion bears greater potential beyond circle candidate countriesin contrast two traditional models however governance approach tackle core institutions political system promotes transparency accountability participation level state administration