Jean-Yin Tan, Yvonne Poitras Pratt, Patricia Danyluk
First, do no harm': systematic program evaluation of an equine veterinary service-learning initiative with Indigenous communities in Canada
BMC medical education
higherorder thinking hot widely recognized essential objective health profession education hpe based lipmans threedimensional model thinking investigated strategies development hot including critical thinking ct creative thinking caring thinking hpe three consecutive studies fostering students ct regarded outcome hpe however limited level consensus educational interventions ct development view controversies surrounding development ct skills dispositions hpe aim study determine educational interventions affecting ct development hpe study employed bestfit framework synthesis design frameworks recommended abrami et al used basis synthesis priori themes extracted selected bestfit frameworks google scholar pubmed sid proquest databases searched literature related development ct skills dispositions hpe students derived data hpe literature coded priori themes extracted bestfit frameworks interpretation restructuring new themes derived hpe literature preexisting priori themes resulted final framework interventions affecting ct development hpe students themes extracted hpe studies including reflection discussion simulation roleplaying questioning explicit expression ct goals curriculum similar priori themes derived studies abrami et al new themes experiential learning artbased learning argument mapping concept mapping creating appropriate educational atmosphere obtained constant comparison data among studies comprehensive framework ct development methods provides toolkit medical educators according results current study mixed approach ct taught independent track along disciplinespecific ct development seems effective compared immersion approach creating learning moments context practice experiential learning noteworthy development ct skills dispositions research needed evaluate efficacy newly developed strategies artbased learning concept mapping