Alexis K Okoh, Michael K D Amponsah, Shannon Cheffet-Walsh, Mehul Patel, David Carfagno, Druenell Linton, Robert Dimeff, David Braunreiter, Phillips Harrington, Fred H Brennan, Clifford Kavinsky, Marlon Everett, Brandon Park, Marissa Gunnarsson, Sean Snowden, Lidia Mootz, Tenley Koepnick, Jaime Wheeler, Sarah E Clarke, Heather Prince, Anna Sannino, Paul Grayburn, E Lee Rice
Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Factors Among Former National Football League Players
Journal of the American College of Cardiology
background controversy continues best become proficient contemporary minimally invasive spinal surgery techniques misst postgraduate training programs typically lag behind innovation subspecialty spine care providers often compete spine surgeons particularly offer treatments needed patients public debate centers around taught credentialed providing surgical spine care purpose study conduct opinion survey amongst spine care providers regarding learning curve misst credentialing standards established surgeon online opinion survey sent email chat groups social media networks including wechat whatsapp linkedin surgeons asked following questions 1 think miss harder learn compared open surgery 2 perform miss 3 type miss perform 4 perform endoscopic surgery approachestechniques employ 5 opinion innovation take place 6 misst taught 7 think mastering misst learning curve surgeon skill level affect patient outcomes 8 credentialing criteria recommend demographic data responding surgeons including age postgraduate training years graduation practice setting also obtained descriptive statistics employed count responses compared surgeons training using statistical package spss version 270 ibm corporation armonk ny online survey viewed 806 surgeons started 487 completed 272 yielding completion rate 559 orthopedic surgeons comprised 526 143272 respondents followed 467 127272 neurosurgeons 07 pain management physicians 2272 average respondents graduated postgraduate training program 1543 1013 years nearly respondents employed misst 252272 928 thought proficiency misst affects patients outcomes 270272 982 541 146270 opined miss challenging learn traditional open spine surgery preferred credentialing criteria 1 number misst cases 875 238272 b skill level 699 190272 c proficiency assessment 599 163272 case log review 423 116272 oral examination 261 71272 favored surgeons surgeons reported academia 434 116267 private practice 412 110267 centers innovation 154 41267 respondents opined industry main driver innovation geographical cultural biases may impact opinions responding surgeons respondents preferred case volume skill level proficiency assessment credentialing criteria surgeons expect academic university programs specialty societies provide necessary training novel misst working governing boards update certification programs