Fereshteh Mohamadpour, Gary Groot, Ardalan Askarian, Mehrdad Askarian
Text analysis of billboards and infographic graphics advertising COVID-19 on promoting preventive behaviors and taking vaccination against the coronavirus pandemic and investigating the opinions of the Iranian adult population
BMC public health
besides teachers professional knowledge selfefficacy crucial aspect promoting students scientific reasoning sr however measurement instrument yet published specifically refers selfefficacy beliefs regarding task teaching sr adapted science teaching efficacy belief instrument stebi accordingly resulting teaching scientific reasoning efficacy beliefs instrument tsrebi conceptual framework tsrebi comparable stebi general terms goes beyond terms specificity acknowledging fact teaching sr requires specific knowledge skills necessarily needed extent promoting competencies science education evaluate tsrebis psychometric quality conducted two rounds validation samples n1 114 n2 74 consisted preservice teachers enrolled university masters programs germany collected data analyzed applying rasch analysis knowngroup comparisons course analysis tsrebis internal structure found 3category scale superior 5category structure person item reliability scale proved satisfactory furthermore second round validation became clear results previously found 3category scale generally replicable across new comparable sample clearly supports tsrebis psychometric quality moreover terms testcriterion relationships scale also able discriminate groups assumed different levels selfefficacy regarding teaching sr nonetheless findings also suggest scale might benefit selection individual items reconsidered despite acceptable item fit statistics balance however believe tsrebi potential provide valuable insights future studies regarding factors influence teachers selfefficacy professional experiences prior training perceived barriers effective teaching