Tzong-Yang Pan, Frank Piscioneri, Cathy Owen
Comparison Between Surgical Trainee Self-Assessment With Supervisor Scores in Technical and Nontechnical Skills to Identify Underperforming Trainees
Journal of surgical education
assess outcomes health behavior interventions focusing elementary school environment classroom curricula home programs primary prevention cardiovascular diseasea randomized controlled field trial four sites 56 intervention 40 control elementary schools outcomes assessed using prerandomization measures fall 1991 followup measures spring 1994a total 5106 initially thirdgrade students ethnically diverse backgrounds public schools located california louisiana minnesota texastwentyeight schools participated thirdgrade fifthgrade intervention including school food service modifications enhanced physical education pe classroom health curricula twentyeight additional schools received components plus family educationat school level two primary end points changes fat content food service lunch offerings amount moderatetovigorous physical activity pe programs level individual student serum cholesterol change primary end point used power calculations study individual level secondary end points included psychological factors recall measures eating physical activity patterns physiologic measuresin intervention school lunches percentage energy intake fat fell significantly 387 319 control lunches 389 362p001 intensity physical activity pe classes child adolescent trial cardiovascular health catch intervention increased significantly intervention schools compared control schools p02 selfreported daily energy intake fat among students intervention schools significantly reduced 327 303 compared among students control schools 326 322p001 intervention students reported significantly daily vigorous activity controls 586 minutes vs 465 minutes p003 blood pressure body size cholesterol measures differ significantly treatment groups evidence deleterious effects intervention growth development observedthe catch intervention able modify fat content school lunches increase moderatetovigorous physical activity pe improve eating physical activity behaviors children 3 school years