Mellony Graven, Hamsa Venkat, Lynn Bowie
Analysing the citizenship agenda in Mathematical Literacy school exit assessments
ZDM : the international journal on mathematics education
epidemiologic studies prevalence risk factors voice disorders general adult population rare purpose investigation 1 determine prevalence voice disorders 2 identify variables associated increased risk voice disorders 3 establish functional impact voice disorders general populationcrosssectional telephone surveya random sample n 1326 adults iowa utah interviewed using questionnaire addressed three areas related voice disorders prevalence potential risk factors occupational consequenceseffectsthe lifetime prevalence voice disorder 299 66 participants reporting current voice disorder stepwise logistic regression identified specific factors uniquely contributed increased odds reporting chronic voice disorder including sex women age 4059 years voice use patterns demands esophageal reflux chemical exposures frequent coldsinus infections however tobacco alcohol use independently increase odds reporting chronic voice disorder voice disorders adversely impacted job performance attendance 43 participants indicating voice limited rendered unable certain tasks current job furthermore 72 employed respondents reported absent work 1 days past year voice 2 reported 4 days voicerelated absencethe results large epidemiologic study provide valuable information regarding prevalence voice disorders factors contribute voice disorder vulnerability functional impact voice problems general population