Bonnie Wing?Yin Chow|Connie Suk?Han Ho|Simpson W. L. Wong|Mary Miu Yee Waye|Dorothy V. M. Bishop
Genetic and Environmental Influences on Chinese Language and Reading Abilities
City University of Hong Kong|University of Oxford|University of Hong Kong|University of Oxford|Chinese University of Hong Kong|University of Oxford
study investigated etiology individual differences chinese language reading skills 312 typically developing chinese twin pairs aged 3 11 years 228 pairs monozygotic twins 84 pairs dizygotic twins 166 male pairs 146 female pairs children individually given tasks chinese word reading receptive vocabulary phonological memory tone awareness syllable rhyme awareness rapid automatized naming morphological awareness orthographic skills ravens coloured progressive matrices analyses controlled effects age moderate substantial genetic influences word reading tone awareness phonological memory morphological awareness rapid automatized naming estimates ranged 42 73 shared environment exerted moderate strong effects receptive vocabulary syllable rhyme awareness orthographic skills estimates ranged 35 63 results largely unchanged scores adjusted nonverbal reasoning well age findings study mostly similar found english language different characteristics suggest universality genetic environmental influences across languages