YeJi Lee, Won Ju Hwang
The impact of nurse's sense of calling, organizational commitment, job stress, and nursing work environment on patient safety management activities in comprehensive nursing care service units during the covid-19 pandemic
BMC nursing
objective review determine whether use personal digital assistants pdas would provide greater support developing undergraduate nursing students clinical reasoning comparison traditional resources textbooks search strategy sought identify published data five electronic databases cinahl medline cochrane library meditext scopus unpublished literature also sought digital dissertations conference proceedings relevant scholarly websites reference lists undergraduate nursing students considered eligible inclusion types interventions considered review inclusive forms pdas traditional resources research setting systematic review reflects diversity nursing practice includes classroom clinical simulated environment process clinical reasoning defined four outcome measures alterations theoretical nursing knowledge clinical skills problem solving reflection studies potential significance review assessed methodological quality independently two reviewers using joanna briggs institute meta analysis statistics assessment review instrument authorship studies concealed two reviewers nine studies assessed quality data four studies included review four published studies included systematic review literature designs studies included nonrandomised quasiexperimental design case control study comparative descriptive design pre test post test mixed method study four outcomes identified four included studies outcomes addressed possible effects pda usage undergraduate nursing students practice medication administration selfefficacy anticipation exercise professional nursing judgment clinical reasoningthis systematic review provides evidence use pdas able improve nursing students selfefficacy accuracy clinical situations require direct contextfree answers medication administration supportive textbooks assisting students apply knowledge critically decision making problem solving use pdas undergraduate nursing students improve students confidence often stressful clinical environment bears significance contemporary nursing education undergraduates failing maximise clinical experience insufficient support guidance busy clinicians supervisory staff findings pdas also beneficial improving accuracy efficiency medication administration nursing students however application knowledge provided pdas supported used critically application decision making problem solving nursing students need educated methods develop critical analysis order use resources effectively systematic review highlights poor quantity literature currently available nursing subsequent need primary quantitative studies examining effect pdas developing undergraduate nursing students clinical reasoning skills