Elise Ciner|Marjean Taylor Kulp|Maureen G. Maguire|Maxwell Pistilli|T. Rowan Candy|Bruce Moore|Gui?Shuang Ying|Graham E. Quinn|Gale Orlansky|Lynn Cyert|Elise Ciner|Whitley Harbison|Zack Margolies|Sarah McHugh-Grant|Erin Engle|Richard Schulang|Gale Orlansky|Leah Sack|Jasmine Campbell|Marjean Taylor Kulp|Julie Preston|Andrew Toole|Tamara Oechslin|Nancy J. Stevens|Pam Wessel|Bruce Moore|Marcia Feist-Moore|Catherine Johnson|Stacy Lyons|Nicole Quinn|Robert Mills|Maureen G. Maguire|María Serramito|Mary Brightwell-Arnold|James Dattilo|Sandra Harkins|Christopher P. Helker|Ellen Peskin|Maxwell Pistilli|Gui?Shuang Ying|Marjean Taylor Kulp|Elise Ciner|Maureen G. Maguire|Bruce Moore|Lynn Cyert|Graham E. Quinn|T. Rowan Candy|Jill M. Pentimonti|Gui?Shuang Ying|Robert H. Bradley|Laura Justice|Jill M. Pentimonti|Velma Dobson|Maryann Redford
Visual Function of Moderately Hyperopic 4- and 5-Year-Old Children in the Vision in Preschoolers – Hyperopia in Preschoolers Study
Salus University|State University of New York College of Optometry|The Ohio State University|University of Pennsylvania|University of Pennsylvania|Indiana University Bloomington|New England College of Optometry|University of Pennsylvania|Children's Hospital of Philadelphia|Salus University|Northeastern State University
purpose compare visual performance emmetropic uncorrected moderately hyperopic preschoolage children without strabismus amblyopia design crosssectional study methods setting multicenter institutional patient study population children aged 4 5 years intervention observation procedures visual functions classified normal reduced child based 95 confidence interval emmetropic individuals hyperopic 30 diopters 60 hyperopic meridian astigmatism 150 anisometropia 10 emmetropic status determined cycloplegic autorefraction main outcome measures uncorrected monocular distance binocular near visual acuity va accommodative response near random dot stereoacuity results mean standard deviation logmar distance visual acuity va among 248 emmetropic children better among 244 hyperopic children better 005 010 vs 014 011 p 001 worse eyes 010 011 vs 019 010 p 001 mean binocular logmar near va better emmetropic hyperopic children 013 011 vs 021 011 p 001 mean accommodative response emmetropic children lower hyperopic subjects monocular estimation method 103 051 vs 203 103 p 001 grand seiko 046 045 vs 099 10 p 001 median near stereoacuity better emmetropic hyperopic children 40 sec arc vs 120 sec arc p 001 average number reduced visual functions lower emmetropic hyperopic children 019 vs 10 p 001 conclusions va accommodative response stereoacuity significantly reduced moderate uncorrected hyperopic preschool children compared emmetropic subjects higher hyperopia 4 6 greatest risk although half children lower magnitudes 3 4 demonstrated 1 reductions function compare visual performance emmetropic uncorrected moderately hyperopic preschoolage children without strabismus amblyopia crosssectional study setting multicenter institutional patient study population children aged 4 5 years intervention observation procedures visual functions classified normal reduced child based 95 confidence interval emmetropic individuals hyperopic 30 diopters 60 hyperopic meridian astigmatism 150 anisometropia 10 emmetropic status determined cycloplegic autorefraction main outcome measures uncorrected monocular distance binocular near visual acuity va accommodative response near random dot stereoacuity mean standard deviation logmar distance visual acuity va among 248 emmetropic children better among 244 hyperopic children better 005 010 vs 014 011 p 001 worse eyes 010 011 vs 019 010 p 001 mean binocular logmar near va better emmetropic hyperopic children 013 011 vs 021 011 p 001 mean accommodative response emmetropic children lower hyperopic subjects monocular estimation method 103 051 vs 203 103 p 001 grand seiko 046 045 vs 099 10 p 001 median near stereoacuity better emmetropic hyperopic children 40 sec arc vs 120 sec arc p 001 average number reduced visual functions lower emmetropic hyperopic children 019 vs 10 p 001 va accommodative response stereoacuity significantly reduced moderate uncorrected hyperopic preschool children compared emmetropic subjects higher hyperopia 4 6 greatest risk although half children lower magnitudes 3 4 demonstrated 1 reductions function