Garikayi B Chemhaka, Stanzia Moyo, Maswati S Simelane
Sociodemographic factors underlying lifetime fertility among ever-married Swazi women
African journal of reproductive health
background popularity aesthetic surgery rise patients expectations towards excellent surgical results order meet expectations risk factors hinder desired outcomes smoking need identified addressed end present study summarizes updated systematic review focused effects smoking cosmetic surgical procedures outcomes methods systematic review studies comparing aesthetic surgical outcomes procedure tobacco smokers nonsmokers carried querying pubmed embase cochrane databases data regarding surgical outcomes extracted metaanalyzed random effects model conjunction mantelhaenszel statistical method results eightytwo studies included final synthesis abdominoplastypanniculectomy n 19 cohorts breast reduction n 27 cohorts common types procedures included review mastopexy rhinoplasty smoking conferred statistically significant increased risk overall complications studied aesthetic procedures conclusions data demonstrates smoking clear risk factor vast majority aesthetic plastic surgeries studied although metaanalysis suggests smoking risk factor complications mastopexies rhinoplasties two specific analyses may biased therefore reevaluated future additional evidence results systematic review confirm importance smoking cessation education relative outcomes common cosmetic surgical procedures