L E Parkies, D Murray, U B Okafor
Pharmacological labour pain interventions: South African midwives' perspective
BMC nursing
much know peoples beliefs comes noninferentially people tell us developmental research suggests 3yearolds difficulty processing information suffer interference knowledge reality told someones false belief eg wellman h bartsch k 1988 young childrens reasoning beliefs cognition 30 239277 current studies examined first time whether similar interference occurs adult participants two experiments participants read sentences describing real colour object mans false belief colour object judged accuracy picture probe depicting either reality mans belief processing costs picture probes depicting reality consistently greater false belief condition matched control condition sentences described real colour one object mans unrelated belief colour another object similar pattern observed picture probes depicting mans belief cases processing costs sensitive time available encoding information presented sentences costs observed participants read sentences pace experiment 1 faster slower pace experiment 2 suggests adults difficulty encoding information reality conflicting false belief holding information mind using inform subsequent judgement