Sachiko Kita, Kiyoko Kamibeppu, Denise Saint Arnault
"Knitting Together the Lines Broken Apart": Recovery Process to Integration among Japanese Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence
International journal of environmental research and public health
study conducted determine gender differences relationship extracurricular sports activities ecsa low back pain lbp children adolescents cohort analysis 6year birth cohort annual survey students followed fourth sixth grades elementary school e4e6 912 years old first third grades junior high school j1j3 1215 years old students completed annual questionnaires ecsa lbp odds ratio 95 confidence interval ci calculated assess association strength ecsa lbp also calculated population attributable fraction paf defined proportion students ecsarelated lbp among students lbp ecsa significantly associated lbp grade j3 among boys 200 95 ci 147271 hand among girls ecsa significantly associated lbp grades e5 148 95 ci 100220 e6 191 95 ci 133275 j3 181 95 ci 126261 among boys paf similar grades range 1016 whereas among girls paf varied 11 29 significantly higher girls boys grades e5 190 vs 11 p 001 e6 288 vs 128 p 001 although link ecsa lbp boys girls girls susceptible ecsarelated lbp especially grades e5 e6