Sara Rosenberg, Malin Andtfolk, Susanne Hägglund, Mattias Wingren, Linda Nyholm
Social robots counselling in community pharmacies - Helping or harming? A qualitative study of pharmacists' views
Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy
much migrant workforce qatar low literacy level understand arabic english presenting significant challenge health care professionals medicine labels typically arabic english therefore poorly understood migrant workers develop pictograms illustrating selected medicine label instructions evaluate comprehension pictograms conventional text supported verbal instructions foreign workers low literacy skills range common labeling instructions identified pictograms depicting developed using visual concepts ideas literature process involved consultative approach input researchers local graphic artist members target population final set evaluated comprehension participants randomized one three study groups text plus verbal instructions pictogramonly label pictogram verbal instructions oneway anova chisquare tests used assess differences group variables statistical significance set p 005 23 label instructions screened 11 selected study total 123 participants took part study pictogram plus verbal instructions group achieved better results interpreting majority label instructions p 005 best interpreted pictograms verbal instructions included take two tablets three times day take one tablet morning one tablet night instill one drop eye worst interpreted pictograms verbal instructions take dairy products use mouth pictograms difficult interpret even accompanied verbal instructions suggesting need thoroughly pilot among users prior implementation medication labels consisting simple pictorials supported verbal instructions better comprehended individuals low literacy skills labels written plus verbal instructions language individual understand pictogramonly labels least comprehended types medicine labels among participants