Zuozheng Shi, Xulin Yang, Xinru Zhang, Weihua Zhu, Yuxin Dai, Jian Li
An empirical study of the flag rugby game programme to promote gross motor skills and physical fitness in 5-6 year old preschool children
Heliyon
growth studies rely longitudinal measurements typically represented trajectories however anthropometry prone errors generate outliers various methods available detecting outlier measurements gold standard yet identified established method outlying trajectories thus outlier types effects growth pattern detection still need investigated work aimed assess performance six methods detecting different types outliers propose two novel methods outlier trajectory detection evaluate outliers affect growth pattern detection included 393 healthy infants applied research group kids target kids cohort 1651 children severe malnutrition cotrimoxazole prophylaxis clinical trial injected outliers three types six intensities applied four outlier detection methods measurements modelbased world health organization cutoffsbased two trajectories also assessed growth pattern detection outlier injection using time series clustering latent class mixed models error type intensity population affected method performance modelbased outlier detection methods performed best measurements precision 5729989 especially low moderate error intensities clusteringbased outlier trajectory method high precision 14939912 combining methods improved detection rate 2182 outlier measurements finally comparing growth groups without outliers outliers shown alter group membership 579 7904 world health organization cutoffbased techniques shown perform well particular cases extreme errors high intensity modelbased techniques performed well especially moderate errors low intensity clusteringbased outlier trajectory detection performed exceptionally well across types intensities errors indicating potential strategic change outliers growth data viewed finally importance detecting outliers shown given impact children growth studies demonstrated comparing results growth group detection