Andrew Hill, Emma Collier-Baker, Thomas Suddendorf
Inferential reasoning by exclusion in great apes, lesser apes, and spider monkeys
Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983)
pediatric residents expected study research design statistical methods enable critically appraise pediatric literature apply findings patient care however clear best teach skills even statistical concepts important earlier study demonstrated statistical complexity articles published pediatrics increased 1952 1982 goals study assess whether trend continued determine statistical measures procedures commonly encountered pediatrics reviewed print research articles published pediatrics volume 115 2005 recorded statistical measures procedures reported article determine many articles used statistics statistical procedures statistical procedures encountered commonly proportion articles used inferential statistics increased 48 1982 89 2005 mean number inferential procedures per article increased 25 1982 39 2005 commonly encountered statistical procedures measures descriptive statistics tests proportions measures risk logistic regression tests nonparametric tests analysis variance multiple linear regression sample size power calculation tests correlation however reader familiar concepts understand analyses used 47 articles results confirm trend toward use new increasingly complex statistical techniques pediatrics educational efforts might profitably focus principles underlying statistical analysis rather specific statistical tests authors reviewers journal editors greater responsibility ensuring statistical procedures used appropriately may increasingly unrealistic expect readers fully understand statistical analyses used journal articles