Rachel D Plak, Cornelia A T Kegel, Adriana G Bus
Genetic differential susceptibility in literacy-delayed children: a randomized controlled trial on emergent literacy in kindergarten
Development and psychopathology
epidemiology violence children likely differ substantially sex age victim perpetrator thus far investment effective prevention strategies hindered lack clarity burden childhood violence across dimensions produced first agespecific sexspecific prevalence estimates perpetrator type physical sexual emotional violence children globallywe used random effects metaregression estimate prevalence estimates adjusted relevant quality covariates variation definitions violence weighted regionspecific agespecific sexspecific population data ensure estimates reflect country population structuressecondary data 600 population schoolbased representative datasets 43 publications obtained via systematic literature review representing 13 830 estimates 171 countriesestimates recent violence children aged 019 includedthe common perpetrators physical emotional violence boys girls across range ages household members prevalence often surpassing 50 followed student peers children reported experiencing emotional physical violence household members students common perpetrators sexual violence girls aged 1519 years intimate partners however data perpetrators sexual violence children systematically collected internationally agespecific sexspecific data available violence perpetration schoolteachers however existing data indicate high prevalence physical violence teachers towards students data authority figures strangers siblings adults limited data neglect childrenwithout investment data generation violence exposure multiple perpetrators boys girls ages progress towards sustainable development goals 4 5 16 may slow despite data gaps evidence shows violence household members peers school girls intimate partners prioritised preventionprospero 2015 crd42015024315