Anders L Hage Haugen, Kirsti Riiser, Marc Esser-Noethlichs, Ove Edvard Hatlevik
Fostering pupils' critical health literacy: examining the potential of physical education in lower secondary school
Frontiers in sports and active living
development selfregulation influenced various childlevel familylevel characteristics previous research focusing preschool period reported female advantage selfregulation negative effects various adverse features family environment selfregulation present study aimed investigate growth selfregulation ie executive functioning behavioral selfregulation 1 school year early elementary school explore influences child sex level home chaos family educational resources selfregulation participants 263 german children 51 boys mean age 859 years sd 056 years data collected fall spring school year computerbased standardized test battery used assess executive functioning caregiver ratings assessed childrens behavioral selfregulation information familys home environment chaotic home environment educational resources results suggest growth elementary school childrens executive functioning course school year however significant changes childrens behavioral selfregulation beginning end grade 3 sex differences executive functioning behavioral selfregulation found suggesting advantage boys educational resources family chaotic family environment significantly related selfregulation timepoints children families educational resources scored higher selfregulation measures compared counterparts less advantaged families find evidence childlevel familylevel characteristics predicting selfregulation growth time findings suggest male disadvantage selfregulation documented previous studies might specific characteristics sample context data collected adequate selfregulation skills fostered girls boys results also add importance supporting selfregulation development children disadvantaged family backgrounds early life