Regina Kunz, Karl Wegscheider, Lutz Fritsche, Holger J Schünemann, Virginia Moyer, Donald Miller, Nicole Boluyt, Yngve Falck-Ytter, Peter Griffiths, Heiner C Bucher, Antje Timmer, Jana Meyerrose, Klaus Witt, Martin Dawes, Trisha Greenhalgh, Gordon H Guyatt
Determinants of knowledge gain in evidence-based medicine short courses: an international assessment
Open medicine : a peer-reviewed, independent, open-access journal
receptive vocabulary develops rapidly early childhood builds foundation language acquisition literacy variation receptive vocabulary ability associated variation childrens school achievement low receptive vocabulary ability risk factor underachievement school study bivariate multivariate growth curve modelling used estimate trajectories receptive vocabulary development relation wide range candidate child maternal family level influences receptive vocabulary development 48 years study sample comprised 4332 children first nationally representative longitudinal study australian children lsac predictors modeled risk variables lowest level risk reference category multivariate model risks receptive vocabulary delay 4 years order magnitude maternal non english speaking background nesb low school readiness child read home four siblings low family income low birthweight low maternal education maternal mental health distress low maternal parenting consistency high child temperament reactivity none risks associated lower rate growth 48 years instead maternal nesb low school readiness maternal mental health distress associated higher rate growth although sufficient close receptive vocabulary gap children without risks 8 years socioeconomic area disadvantage risk low receptive vocabulary ability 4 years risk associated lower rate growth receptive vocabulary ability 8 years gap children without socioeconomic area disadvantage equivalent eight months receptive vocabulary growth results consistent studies shown social gradients childrens developmental outcomes increase time