Nancy Lau, Anna M Zhou, Amanda Yuan, Ryan Parigoris, Abby R Rosenberg, John R Weisz
Social skills deficits and self-appraisal biases in children with social anxiety disorder
Journal of child and family studies
limited data literature showing effect anesthesia methods success retrograd intrarenal surgery aim study compare evaluate retrograd intrarenal surgery cases performed spinal general anesthesia terms effectiveness cost hospitalization time complications total 337 patients underwent retrograd intrarenal surgery due kidney stones 2014 2019 retrospectively evaluated study patients divided two groups according anesthesia method administered group 1 consisted 172 patients received spinal anesthesia group 2 comprised 165 patients administered general anesthesia groups compared terms demographic data localization size stone radiographic stone density operation time complications need postoperative analgesia length hospitalization stone free rate cost general anesthesia significantly higher compared spinal anesthesia p 0001 analgesia application administered within first six postoperative hours significantly higher general anesthesia group p 0001 findings statistically significant difference two groups retrograd intrarenal surgery performed similar safety effectiveness general spinal anesthesia however spinal anesthesia seems advantageous due patients lower need analgesics early postoperative period lower cost anesthetics used