Audrey Webster, Alana Metcalf, Lauren Kelly, Ave Bisesi, Miranda Marnik-Said, Carol Colbeck, Robert Marine, Marcelo Vinces, Amy Campbell, Taylor Allen
Undergraduates' lived experience of project-/problem-based learning in introductory biology
Advances in physiology education
inference exclusion ability select given option excluding others designed appropriately tests ability reveal choices cannot explained associative processes past decade exclusion reasoning explored several nonhuman taxonomic groups including birds mainly corvids parrots increase understanding taxonomic distribution exclusion reasoning therefore evolution investigated exclusion performances redtailed black cockatoos calyptorhynchus banksii australian relative goffin cockatoo cacatua goffini using foodfinding task cockatoos required find food item hidden 1 2 experimenters hands following training sessions reliably selected closed baited hand shown open individual tested 4 different conditions critical demonstrating exclusion reasoning condition shown empty hand offered choice closed hands performance birds chance experimental conditions olfactory andor cuing control condition results suggest birds might able infer exclusion although explanation based rule learning cannot excluded first experiment redtailed black cockatoo highlights potential species model study avian cognition paves pathway future investigations