Dan Olweus, Mona E Solberg, Kyrre Breivik
Long-term school-level effects of the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program (OBPP)
Scandinavian journal of psychology
school physical education important populationlevel health intervention improving youth fitness purpose study determine causal impact new york citys pe works program student cardiorespiratory fitness longitudinal study 20142019 includes 581 elementary schools n315999 4th5thgrade students 84 nonwhite 74 qualify free reducedprice meals apply parametric gformula address schools timevarying exposure intervention components timevarying confounding four years staggered pe works implementation 497 students per school 95 ci 426 542 met agesexspecific cardiorespiratory fitness standards pe works implemented estimate 457 95 ci 369 521 would met fitness standards pe works fully implemented schools programs inception estimate 574 95 ci 491 633 would met fitness standards adding pe teacher alone largest impact 64 95 ci 10 120 increase pe works included providing pe teachers training classroom teachers administrativeteacher support pe positively impacted student cardiorespiratory health mandating funding multilevel multicomponent pe programs important public health intervention increase childrens cardiorespiratory fitness