Markus Wolfgang Hermann Spitzer, Korbinian Moeller, Sebastian Musslick
Assignment strategies modulate students' academic performance in an online learning environment during the first and second COVID-19 related school closures
PloS one
emergent literacy skills vital childrens reading writing development touchscreen devices linked enhanced emergent literacy developed countries impact low middleincome countries lmics limited access quality apps underexplored thailand classified uppermiddleincome country presents unique context specific challenges educational technology extensively studied study examined relationship touchscreen device usage emergent literacy development thai preschool children using crosssectional design analyzed data 317 thai children aged 56 years assessing emergent literacy skills examining association touchscreen device usage logistic regression analysis findings showed 795 participants engaged touchscreen devices observed trend suggesting exclusive tablet users might exhibit enhanced phonological awareness letter naming rapid automatized naming skills however potential improvements reach statistical significance primary caregiver characteristics taken account findings highlight complexity relationship underscore need research elucidate potential influences application quality screen time engagement emergent literacy particularly lmics