Xiaodong Pang, Huan Wang, Sarah-Eve Dill, Matthew Boswell, Xiaopeng Pang, Manpreet Singh, Scott Rozelle
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) among elementary students in rural China: Prevalence, correlates, and consequences
Journal of affective disorders
united nations sustainable development goal 4 particularly target 42 seeks ensure 2030 children access quality early childhood development care preprimary education ready primary education far achieved covid19 pandemic compromised progress disrupting education reducing access wellbeing resources increasing family violence evidence low middleincome countries suggests inperson parenting interventions effective improving child learning preventing family violence however scaling programs challenging resource constraints integrating digital humandelivered intervention components potential solution challenges need understand feasibility effectiveness interventions lowresource settings study aims determine feasibility effectiveness digital parenting program called naungan kasih bahasa melayu protection love delivered malaysia varying combinations 2 components included encourage engagement study framed around following objectives 1 determine recruitment retention engagement rates intervention condition 2 document implementation fidelity 3 explore program acceptability among key stakeholders 4 estimate intervention costs 5 provide indications effectiveness 2 components 10week factorial cluster randomized trial compares parenttext chatbot delivers parenting family violence prevention content caregivers preschoolaged children combination 2 engagement components 1 whatsapp support group 2 either 1 2 inperson sessions trial aims recruit 160 primary 160 secondary caregivers children aged 46 years 8 schools split equally across 2 locations kuala lumpur negeri sembilan primary outcomes concern feasibility acceptability intervention components including recruitment retention engagement effectiveness outcomes include caregiver parenting practices mental health relationship quality child development evaluation involves mixed methods quantitative caregiver surveys digitally tracked engagement data caregivers use digital intervention components direct assessments children focus group discussions caregivers key stakeholders overall 208 parents recruited baseline december 2023 151 726 primary caregivers 57 274 secondary caregivers january 2024 208 parents 168 808 enrolled program completed february postintervention data collection completed march 2024 findings reported second half 2024 first factorial cluster randomized trial assess feasibility hybrid humandigital playful parenting program southeast asia results inform largescale optimization trial establish effective costeffective scalable version intervention osf registries httpsosfiof32ky derr110219655491