Cari J. Clark|Gemma Ferguson|Binita Shrestha|Prabin Nanicha Shrestha|J. Michael Oakes|Jhumka Gupta|Susi McGhee|Yuk Fai Cheong|Kathryn M. Yount
Social norms and women's risk of intimate partner violence in Nepal
Emory University|ACCESS Health International|Access to Wholistic and Productive Living Institute|ACCESS Health International|Access to Wholistic and Productive Living Institute|University of Minnesota|George Mason University|Emory University|Emory University|Emory University
social norms increasingly focus intimate partner violence ipv prevention strategies among least examined contextual factors quantitative violence research study assesses withincommunity betweencommunity contextual effect new measure social norms pvns partner violence norms scale womens risk ipv data come baseline surveys collected 1435 female married reproductiveage participants residing 72 wards three districts chitwan kapilvastu nawalparasi nepal enrolled cluster randomized trial testing impact social behavioral change communication intervention designed prevent ipv results unconditional multilevel logistic regression models indicated clusterlevel variability 12month prevalence physical icc 007 sexual icc 005 ipv mean pvns scores also varied across wards modeled simultaneously pvns scores aggregated wardlevel individuallevel associated higher odds physical orind 112 ci 104 120 orward 140 ci 115 172 sexual orind 115 ci 108 124 orward 147 ci 124 174 ipv contextual effect significant physical 023 se 011 212 sexual 024 se 009 264 ipv models suggesting wardlevel association larger individuallevel adjustment covariates slightly attenuated wardlevel association eliminated contextual association suggesting individual perceptions collective community phenomena equally strong predictors womens risk ipv taken consideration planning interventions pvns promising measure social norms underpinning womens risk ipv warrants psychometric testing