Tim Clement, Joanne Bolton, Leonie Griffiths, Carolyn Cracknell, Elizabeth Molloy
Noticing' in health professions education: Time to pay attention?
Medical education
epidemiological observational studies elucidated correlation rheumatoid arthritis ra bronchiectasis however causal nature association remains ambiguous clarify potential causal linkage conducted twosample mendelian randomization mr analysis explore bidirectional causality ra bronchiectasis summary statistics ra bronchiectasis obtained ieu opengwas database employed various methods including inverse variance weighting ivw mregger weighted median weighted mode simple mode explore potential causal links ra bronchiectasis additionally series sensitivity studies cochrans q test mr egger intercept test leaveoneout analysis conducted assess mr analysiss accuracy forward mr analysis primary analysis indicated genetic predisposition ra correlated increased risk bronchiectasis european populations ivw odds ratio 128 95 confidence interval ci 120137 p 118e13 comparable results noted east asian subjects ivw 155 95 ci 130134 p 833e07 estimates four methods consistent obtained ivw method sensitivity analysis detected evidence horizontal pleiotropy heterogeneity conversely reverse mr analysis found evidence support genetic causality bronchiectasis ra either european east asian populations study indicates genetic predisposition ra correlates heightened risk bronchiectasis european east asian populations results imply routine screening bronchiectasis ra patients could beneficial effective management ra may contribute reduced risk bronchiectasis future research aim clarify underlying mechanisms linking two conditions