Amy Ellen Schwartz, Michele Leardo, Siddhartha Aneja, Brian Elbel
Effect of a School-Based Water Intervention on Child Body Mass Index and Obesity
JAMA pediatrics
systematically review effectiveness caregiver parent skills training programs including caregivermediated interventions caregivers individuals neurodevelopmental disorders conducted systematic review randomeffects metaanalysis searched 11 electronic databases july 2021 used snowball methodology locate relevant articles randomized controlled trials effect size estimates pooled using hedges g data extracted study reports author requests using randomeffects metaanalyses three child outcome categories child development adaptive behavior problem behavior three caregiver outcome categories parenting skills knowledge psychological wellbeing interpersonal family relations located 44 910 records 75 randomized controlled trials involving 4746 individuals neurodevelopmental disorders caregivers included randomeffects metaanalyses showed improvements child development g 030 99 confidence interval ci 007053 reduction reported problem behaviors g 041 99 ci 024059 statistically significant improvement adaptive behavior g 028 99 ci 042 098 caregivers showed improvements parenting skills knowledge g 072 99 ci 053090 psychological wellbeing g 052 99 ci 034071 interpersonal family relations g 076 99 ci 032120 caregiver skills training programs benefit caregivers children neurodevelopmental disorders skills training programs improve child development behavior improve parenting skills reduce caregiver mental health issues improve family functioning programs using culturally appropriate training material improve development functioning participation children within families communities considered caring children neurodevelopmental disorders caregiver skills training programs effective interventions caregivers children children neurodevelopmental disorders benefit improvements development reduction problematic behaviors caregivers benefit enhanced skills psychological wellbeing improvements interpersonal family relationships also documented