Aya Mousa|Amreen Naqash|Siew Lim
Macronutrient and Micronutrient Intake during Pregnancy: An Overview of Recent Evidence
Monash University|University of Kashmir|Monash University
nutritional status pregnancy significant impact maternal neonatal health outcomes requirements macronutrients energy protein increase pregnancy maintain maternal homeostasis supporting foetal growth energy restriction limit gestational weight gain women obesity however insufficient evidence support energy restriction pregnancy undernourished women balanced energyprotein supplementation may increase birthweight whereas high protein supplementation could adverse effects foetal growth modulating carbohydrate intake via reduced glycaemic index glycaemic load diet may prevent gestational diabetes largeforgestationalage infants certain micronutrients also vital improving pregnancy outcomes including folic acid prevent neural tube defects iodine prevent cretinism newly published studies support use calcium supplementation prevent hypertensive disorders pregnancy particularly women high risk low dietary calcium intake although gaps knowledge remain research linking nutrition pregnancy maternofoetal outcomes made dramatic advances last years review provide overview recent evidence pertaining macronutrient micronutrient requirements pregnancy risks consequences deficiencies effects supplementation pregnancy outcomes