Michael T. Willoughby|Clancy Blair|R. Wirth|Mark T. Greenberg
The measurement of executive function at age 5: Psychometric properties and relationship to academic achievement.
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
study examined psychometric properties criterion validity newly developed battery executive function ef tasks use early childhood battery included family life project flp prospective longitudinal study families oversampled lowincome african american families birth new child n 1292 ninetynine percent n 1036 children participated age 5 home visit completed 1 58 mdn 6 6 ef tasks results indicated tasks worked equally well children residing lowincome lowincome homes task scores informative ability level children lowaverage range performance ef tasks best characterized single factor individual differences ef battery strongly related latent variable measuring overall academic achievement well individual standardized tests measured phonological awareness letterword identification early math skills