José van Dijck
Search engines and the production of academic knowledge
University of Amsterdam
article argues search engines general google scholar particular become significant coproducers academic knowledge knowledge simply conveyed users coproduced search engines ranking systems profiling systems none open rules transparency relevance privacy manner known library scholarship public domain inexperienced users tend trust proprietary engines neutral mediators knowledge commonly ignorant metadata enable engine operators interpret collective profiles groups searchers theorizing search engines nodal points networks distributed power based notions manuel castells article urges enriched form information literacy include basic understanding economic political sociocultural dimensions search engines without basic understanding network architecture dynamics network connections intersections hard grasp social legal cultural economic implications search engines