Beth Imhoff?Kunsch|Rafael Flores|Omar Dary|Reynaldo Martorell
Wheat Flour Fortification Is Unlikely to Benefit the Neediest in Guatemala
Emory University|Emory University|Academy for Educational Development|United States Agency for International Development|Emory University
potential impact wheat flour fortification iron folic acid assessed using data food purchases nationally representative 2000 guatemalan living standards measurement survey 7265 households 35 indigenous 57 rural 11 extremely poor 35 poor 54 nonpoor percentage households purchased wheat flour sweet bread french rolls sliced bread previous 15 10 88 59 11 respectively median amount fortified wheat flour equivalents purchased foods 50 gd per adult equivalent fortified wheat flour equivalents 7 25 110 gd poverty groups 16 gd indigenous households 24 gd rural households wheat flour fortification contributed 23 mgd iron 90 microgd folic acid per adult equivalent assuming 5 bioavailability wheat flour fortification provided 2 recommended dietary allowance rda 6 estimated average requirement ear iron levels women reproductive age values 1 3 12 ear levels poverty groups respectively wheat flour fortification met 26 folic acid rda 33 ear levels women values 5 16 71 ear levels poverty groups respectively conclusion impact fortification likely substantial folate status nonpoor urban women limited case iron status among social groups poorest rural indigenous populations suffer highest burden nutritional deficiencies likely benefit least wheat flour fortification