Matthias Marsall, Hannah Dinse, Julia Schröder, Eva-Maria Skoda, Martin Teufel, Alexander Bäuerle
Assessing Electronic Health Literacy in Individuals With the Post-COVID-19 Condition Using the German Revised eHealth Literacy Scale: Validation Study
JMIR formative research
children mathematical difficulties need spend time typically achieving children solving even simple equations since tasks already require larger share cognitive resources additional demands imposed need switch tasks may lead greater decline performance children mathematical difficulties explored differential task switch costs respect switching addition versus subtraction tabletbased arithmetic verification task additional standardized tests elementary school children grades 1 4 two independent studies conducted study 1 assessed validity newly constructed tabletbased arithmetic verification task controlled classroomsetting n 165 effects switching different types arithmetic operations accuracy response latency analyzed generalized linear mixed models onlinebased testing study 2 n 3409 children mathematical difficulties needed time worked less accurately overall also exhibited stronger performance decline working taskswitching condition working subtraction vs addition items operations twodigit vs onedigit operations results underline value process data context assessing mathematical difficulties