Milica Denić, Vincent Homer, Daniel Rothschild, Emmanuel Chemla
The influence of polarity items on inferential judgments
Cognition
past studies schizophrenia scz stresssensitive neuroendocrine systems mostly focused single system traditionally utilized acute biomarkers eg biomarkers blood urine saliva poorly match chronic course schizophrenia time span using eight biomarkers hair study aimed explore functional characteristics scz patients hypothalamicpituitaryadrenocortical hpa hypothalamicpituitarygonadal hpg axes interaction two axes hair samples taken 137 scz patients 73 controls scz patients diagnosed attending physician according diagnostic statistical manual mental disorders iv clinically stable treatment gender age bmi frequency hair washing marital status education level family history mental illness clozapine dosage concurrently collected covariates 10item perceived stress scale pss10 social readjustment rating scale used assess chronic stress status scz patients eight hair biomarkers cortisol cortisone dehydroepiandrosterone dhea testosterone progesterone cortisolcortisone cortisoldhea cortisoltestosterone measured high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometer among cortisol cortisone dhea cortisoldhea reflected functional activity hpa axis testosterone progesterone reflected functional activity hpg axis cortisolcortisone reflected activity 11hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase types 2 11hsd 2 cortisoltestosterone reflected hpahpg interaction scz patients showed significantly higher cortisone cortisoltestosterone controls p0001 p0180 p0015 p0031 lower testosterone p0009 p0034 progesterone p0001 p0069 cortisolcortisone p0001 p0054 significant intergroup differences male female progesterone p0003 p0088 p0030 p0049 female testosterone p0028 p0051 scz patients cortisol cortisolcortisone cortisoldhea cortisoltestosterone positively associated pss10 score ps005 0212rs 0265 function hpa hpg axes activity 11hsd 2 hpahpg interaction abnormal scz patients abnormality neuroendocrine systems associated chronic stress status scz patients study provided evidence abnormalities neuroendocrine systems scz patients