Adrienne Lester King, Cristi Bell-Huff, Collins Airhihenbuwa, Susan Ogletree, Christa Wright
The EMPOWER program: a history and guide for increasing diversity using integrated research and education
Advances in physiology education
education sculpts specialized neural circuits skills like reading critical success modern society anticipated selective pressures evolution emergence brain regions selectively process novel visual stimuli like words occur expense cortical representations stimuli like faces objects neuronal recycling predicts learning read enhance response words ventral occipitotemporal cortex votc decrease response visual categories faces objects test hypothesis broadly understand changes induced early stages literacy instruction conducted randomized controlled trial preschool children five years age children randomly assigned intervention programs focused either reading skills oral language skills magnetoencephalography meg data collected intervention used measure visual responses images text faces objects found taught reading versus oral language skills induced different patterns change categoryselective regions visual cortex clear tradeoff response words versus categories within predefined region votc corresponding visual word form area vwfa found relative amplitude responses text faces objects changed increases response words linked decreases response faces objects changes play longer timescale still unknown based data surmise highlevel visual cortex undergoes rapid changes children enter school begin establishing new skills like literacy