Chonnamet Techasaensiri|Amruta Radhakrishnan|Daina Als|Usa Thisyakorn
Typhoidal Salmonella Trends in Thailand
Ramathibodi Hospital|Mahidol University|Hospital for Sick Children|SickKids Foundation|Hospital for Sick Children|SickKids Foundation|Chulalongkorn University
typhoid paratyphoid fever remain endemic diseases thailand wide variation subnational incidence trends examined trends alongside contextual factors study potential interactions guide control strategies disease cultureconfirmed typhoid paratyphoid fever data 2003 2014 collected ministry public health website contextual factor data collected various sources including world health organizationunited nations childrens fund joint monitoring program united education statistical world bank database world bank development research group global child mortality estimates published lancet typhoid fever exhibited declining trend peak incidence reported 2003 86 cases per 100000 persons per year incidence dropped three cases per 100000 persons 2014 trend paratyphoid fever remained stable peak incidence 077 cases per 100000 persons observed 2009 subnational variations typhoid seen throughout study period highest incidence observed northwestern region thailand increases female literacy access improved water sanitation observed decreases poverty head count ratio diarrheal mortality rate per 1000 live births case fatality remained consistently low 04 less years reported deaths national level typhoid fever incidence shown notable decline however incidence appears plateaued since 2007 access improved water supply sanitation 80 eliminating disease require strong disease prevention measures conjunction effective treatment interventions