Keith E. Stanovich|Anne E. Cunningham
Studying the consequences of literacy within a literate society: The cognitive correlates of print exposure
Institute for Christian Studies|University of California, Berkeley
studies cognitive consequences literacy attempted compare performance literate individuals illiterate individuals argue absolutely necessary examine illiterates order study cognitive consequences reading experience enormous variation exposure print even within generally literate society present study tested several methods assessing differential exposure print demonstrated significant correlations measures vocabulary cultural knowledge spelling ability verbal fluency several indicators print exposure predicted variance knowledge domains even general ability readingcomprehension skill statistically controlled results although correlational suggest print exposure independent contributor development certain verbal skills