Krista L Ward, Dale F Johnson, Barbara L Delli Gatti, Monica Smith
Evaluating students' research literacy knowledge, confidence, and attitudes at the beginning and end of a doctor of chiropractic program
The Journal of chiropractic education
summary understanding operationalization fatherhood father involvement changed time fatherhood always multifaceted concept although time dominant defining motif shifted turn moral guidance breadwinning sexrole modeling marital support finally nurturance result changing concepts extent father involvement viewed indexed different ways different times late 1960s early 1970s time societal concerns effects fatherlessness coming fore social scientists also became much interested quantification concepts father involvement motivated part emergence popularity timeuse methodologies prompted shift focus qualitative dimensions masculinity dominance quantifiable dimensions amount time spent fathers children led restricted focus paternal nurturance little attention paid functions aspects fatherhood narrowly focused view fatherhood resulted ignored subcultural variation definition understanding fatherhood social scientists beginning seek broader inclusive understanding fatherhoodefforts permit insightful research effects variations performance relevant roles