Negussie Deyessa|Yemane Berhane|Mary Ellsberg|Maria Emmelin|Gunnar Kullgren|Ulf Högberg
Violence against women in relation to literacy and area of residence in Ethiopia
Addis Ababa University|Addis Ababa University|Addis Continental Institute of Public Health|Umeå University|International Center for Research on Women|Umeå University|Umeå University|Umeå University
objective study explores violence women lowincome setting relation residency literacysetting study conducted within butajira rural health programme health demographic surveillance site includes rural semiurban settings southcentral ethiopiadesign communitybased crosssectional study part womens health life events multicountry study included 1994 randomly selected married womenmethods standardised questionnaire used measure physical violence residency literacy woman spouse attitudes women gender roles violence analyses present prevalence 95 confidence intervals odds ratios derived bivariate multivariate logistic regression modelsresults urban rural areas study area women varying ages varying levels literacy spouses varying levels literacy women overall study area beliefs norms favouring violence women women living rural communities illiterate women likely accept attitudes general violence women prevalent rural communities particular violence rural literate women rural women married literate spouse prevalent literate rural women married illiterate spouse highest odds adj or34 95 ci 1769 experiencing physical violence intimate partnerconclusion semiurban lifestyle literacy promote changes attitudes norms intimate partner violence however within rural lifestyle literate women married illiterate husbands exposed highest risks violence