Linda Sandström, Angelica Forsberg
Problems associated with performance of peripheral intravenous catheterization in relation to working experience
Journal of vascular nursing : official publication of the Society for Peripheral Vascular Nursing
intimate partner violence ipv significant public health human rights development issue existing evidence posits addressing social norms key ipv prevention successful ipv interventions include norms approach limited number methodological rigor rarely include formal investigation diffusion intervention impact contribute novel findings intellectual programmatic space evidence social behavior change communication sbcc intervention change starts home nepal designed prevent ipv shift social norms towards greater gender equity participants included 442 married women across 13 communities assessed three timepoints intervention baseline completion core couples curriculum edutainment midline conclusion diffusion curriculum endline generalized estimating equations propensityscore adjustments used determine change outcomes midline endline two intervention conditions direct beneficiary n 173 resident intervention community n 178 relative control n 91 ipv victimization significantly decreased intervention conditions midline larger reductions direct beneficiaries endline direct beneficiaries sustained reduction ipv relative control participants positive injunctive norms also significantly improved midline intervention groups whereas improvements descriptive norms intervention groups matched improvements control group midline endline several secondary outcomes showed significant improvements intervention groups midline andor endline including inlaw violence financial decisionmaking communication relationship quality additional improvements direct beneficiaries attitudes leadership gbv advocacy diffusion study sheds light effectiveness change intervention role addressing social norms ipv prevention efforts benefits organized diffusion