Jo Wray, Neus Abrines Jaume, Kate Oulton, Debbie Sell
Talking with children and young people with 22q11DS about their mental health, behaviour, learning and communication
Child: care, health and development
parallel convergent evolution offer compelling evidence significance natural selection evolution emergence similar adaptive solutions unlikely occur random chance alone however terms often employed inconsistently leading misinterpretation confusion recently proposed definitions unintentionally diminished emphasis evolution similar adaptive solutions examine various conceptual frameworks definitions related parallel convergent evolution propose consolidated framework enhances comprehension evolutionary patterns primary aim framework harmonize concepts parallel convergent evolution together natural selection idea similarity concepts involve evolution similar adaptive solutions result environmental challenges distinction lies ancestral phenotypes parallel evolution takes place ancestral phenotypes selection lineages similar convergent evolution happens lineages distinct ancestral phenotypes selection ancestralbased distinction inevitably lead cases uncertainty distinction may arise framework includes general term repeated evolution used term applying evolution similar phenotypes genotypes well similar responses environmental pressures based argument genetic similarity may frequently arise without selection framework posits similarity genetic sequences great interest unless linked actions natural selection origins mutation standing genetic variation gene flow locations similar sequences