Ying Wang, Naneh Apkarian, Melissa H Dancy, Charles Henderson, Estrella Johnson, Jeffrey R Raker, Marilyne Stains
A National Snapshot of Introductory Chemistry Instructors and Their Instructional Practices
Journal of chemical education
education literacy long associated range economic social outcomes industrialized societies recent research based largescale national international surveys examined effects education literacy individuals social economic outcomes paper takes step understanding importance literacy individuals economic social outcomes disentangling effects two different aspects literacy literacy proficiency measured standardized tests reading engagement measured selfreports everyday reading activities using recent nationally representative survey data new zealand multivariate regression models estimate effects reading engagement earnings health social trust political efficacy civic engagement reading engagement statistical substantial positive effects outcomes effects literacy proficiency education important variables held constant although results imply causal relationship reading engagement outcomes important implications policy practice adult education well future research role reading engagement wellbeing generally