Hannah Dickson|Emily Hedges|Yong?Woon Shin|Alexis E. Cullen|James H. MacCabe|Matthew J. Kempton|Johnny Downs|Kristin R. Laurens
Academic achievement and schizophrenia: a systematic meta-analysis
NeuroDevelopment Center|NeuroDevelopment Center|NeuroDevelopment Center|American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry|King's College London|Queensland University of Technology|UNSW Sydney
abstract background cognitive impairments childhood associated increased risk schizophrenia later life extent poor academic achievement associated disorder unclear methods major databases searched articles published english 31 december 2019 conducted randomeffects metaanalyses 1 compare general academic mathematics achievement youth later developed schizophrenia 2 examine association education level achieved adultonset schizophrenia 3 compare general academic achievement youth atrisk schizophrenia typically developing peers metaregression models examined effects type academic assessment educational system age assessment measurement educational level attained school leaving age study quality academic achievement education level among individuals schizophrenia results metaanalyses comprising data four million individuals found 1 age 16 years later developed schizophrenia poorer general academic cohens 029 p 00001 mathematics achievement 023 p 001 2 individuals schizophrenia less likely enter higher education odds ratio 049 p 00001 3 youth reporting psychoticlike experiences youth family history schizophrenia lower general academic achievement 054 p 00001 039 p 00001 respectively metaregression analyses determined effect modifiers discussion despite significant heterogeneity across studies various routinely collected indices academic achievement identify premorbid cognitive dysfunction among individuals vulnerable schizophrenia potentially aiding early identification risk population