Juliana Gomes Jorge, Clóvis Botelho, Ageo Mário Cândido Silva, Gisele Pedroso Moi
Influence of passive smoking on learning in elementary school
Jornal de pediatria
investigated direct indirect relationships historic redlining prevalence diabetes us national sample using previously validated conceptual model hypothesized pathways structural racism prevalence diabetes via discrimination incarceration poverty substance use housing education unemployment food access combined census tractlevel data including diabetes prevalence centers disease control prevention places 2019 database redlining using historic home owners loan corporation holc maps mapping inequality project census data opportunity insights database holc grade score 1 best 4 redlined census tract based overlap historically holcgraded areas final analytic sample consisted 11375 us census tracts structural equation modeling used investigate direct indirect relationships adjusting 2010 population redlining directly associated higher crude prevalence diabetes within census tract r 001 p 0008 adjusting 2010 population 254 6990095 p 0001 root mean square error approximation 0 comparative fit index 1 redlining indirectly associated diabetes prevalence via incarceration r 006 p 0001 poverty r 010 p 0001 discrimination r 014 p 0001 substance use measured binge drinking r 065 p 0001 smoking r 035 p 0001 housing r 006 p 0001 education r 017 p 0001 unemployment r 017 p 0001 food access r 014 p 0001 adjusting 2010 population redlining significant direct indirect relationships diabetes prevalence incarceration poverty discrimination substance use housing education unemployment food access may possible targets interventions aiming mitigate impact structural racism diabetes