Albert Lee, Amelia Lo, Queenie Li, Vera Keung, Amy Kwong
Health Promoting Schools: An Update
Applied health economics and health policy
limited data whether vulnerabilities impacts social isolation vary across populations explore association social isolation mortality due causes cardiovascular diseases cvd malignant neoplasms focusing heterogeneity sociodemographic factors cohort study used moderatorwide approach examine heterogeneity association social isolation allcause cvd malignant neoplasm mortality using baseline data japan gerontological evaluation study 2010 2011 eligible participants adults aged 65 years older without heart disease stroke cancer impaired activity daily living across 12 japanese municipalities followup continued december 31 2017 identifying 6year allcause cardiovascular disease cvd malignant neoplasm mortality logistic regression assessed effect modification age gender education income population density marital status employment mortality associations data analysis performed september 13 2023 march 17 2024 social isolation determined 3item scale scores 2 3 indicating isolation primary exposure variable sixyear allcause cvd malignant neoplasms mortality study included 37 604 older adults mean sd age 735 59 years 21 073 women 560 total 10 094 participants 268 classified experiencing social isolation social isolation associated increased allcause odds ratio 120 95 ci 109132 cvd 122 95 ci 098152 malignant neoplasm mortality 114 95 ci 101128 stratified analysis showed associations social isolation allcause malignant neoplasm mortality among people high income highest tertile cause 127 95 ci 106153 malignant neoplasm 127 95 ci 102160 living areas high population density highest tertile cause 147 95 ci 126172 malignant neoplasm 138 95 ci 111170 married cause 133 95 ci 115153 malignant neoplasm 125 95 ci 102152 retirees cause 127 95 ci 114143 malignant neoplasm 127 95 ci 110148 formal testing effect modification indicated modification population density employment allcause mortality household income employment neoplasm mortality social isolation associated increased risks allcause cvd malignant neoplasm mortality associations varying across populations study fills important gap research social isolation emphasizing varied associations across demographic socioeconomic groups