Mohamed Musthafa M, Mahesh T R, Vinoth Kumar V, Suresh Guluwadi
Enhancing brain tumor detection in MRI images through explainable AI using Grad-CAM with Resnet 50
BMC medical imaging
studies investigated association exposure window prenatal early postnatal current period secondhand smoke shs attentiondeficithyperactivity disorder adhd symptoms subtypes children evaluate associations prenatal early postnatal current shs exposure adhd symptoms subtypes among schoolaged children crosssectional study 48 612 children aged 6 18 years elementary middle schools liaoning province china april 2012 january 2013 eligible participation data shs exposure adhd symptoms subtypes child collected via questionnaires administered parents guardians school teachers data analyzed september 14 december 2 2020 adhd symptoms subtypes inattention hyperactivityimpulsivity combined measured based validated tool developed diagnostic statistical manual mental disorders fourth edition generalized linear mixed models evaluated estimate association shs exposure adhd symptoms subtypes total 45 562 participants completed questionnaires included study 22 905 girls 503 mean sd age 110 26 years 2170 48 adhd symptoms compared unexposed counterparts children ever exposed odds ratio 150 95 ci 136166 always exposed shs 288 95 ci 255325 pregnancy childhood higher odds adhd symptoms subtypes ors ranged 146 95 ci 131162 294 95 ci 209413 compared unexposed counterparts children shs exposure higher odds adhd symptoms exposed prenatal period 228 95 ci 207251 early postnatal period 147 95 ci 129168 current period 120 95 ci 109131 compared unexposed counterparts children whose fathers smoked 10 cigarettesd weekdays weekends higher odds adhd symptoms subtypes ors ranged 148 95 ci 128170 225 95 ci 129393 exposed shs pregnancy childhood associated higher odds adhd symptoms subtypes among schoolaged children associations somewhat stronger shs exposure prenatal early postnatal periods findings highlight important public health implications reducing shs exposure may decrease health economic burdens individuals adhd