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ecologyvolume 83 issue 6 p 15371552 special feature ecosystem consequences biodiversity loss evolution paradigm shahid naeem shahid naeem department zoology university washington 24 kincaid hall seattle washington 98195 usasearch papers author shahid naeem shahid naeem department zoology university washington 24 kincaid hall seattle washington 98195 usasearch papers author first published 01 june 2002 httpsdoiorg1018900012965820020831537ecoblt20co2citations 283read full textaboutpdf toolsrequest permissionexport citationadd favoritestrack citation shareshare give accessshare full text accessshare fulltext accessplease review terms conditions use check box share fulltext version articlei read accept wiley online library terms conditions useshareable linkuse link share fulltext version article friends colleagues learn morecopy url abstract ecosystem consequences dramatic declines changes biodiversity spurred considerable research tremendous debate rekindled major conflicts ecology creating sense dj vu conflicts include whether ecosystem community ecology provides better insights workings nature relative importance biotic vs abiotic factors governing community composition structure virtues phenomenological vs mechanistic research relationship biodiversity stability relative importance taxonomic vs functional diversity relative strengths observation vs experimental approaches although tone debate regrettable magnitude signifies emergence new paradigm one series debates associated dialectic structured ecological inquiry two millennia western science dialectic concerns tension seek explain nature studying parts seek explain nature studying wholesystem behavior philosophers historians argue dialectic generates cycles central tenet challenged emerging paradigm generating new theories new data test emerging paradigm scientific community evaluates accumulating evidence debates arise subscription emerging paradigm increases sufficiently emerging paradigm evolves new central tenet fractionation within sciences exacerbates cycle subdisciplines often focus either parts whole splintering traced abandonment holistic approach aristotelian science scientific revolution holism may lessened debate argued stagnated western science dialectic cycles emerging paradigms generates debates surround emergence represent vehicle ecology moves forward emerging paradigms force scientists revisit central tenets pitting old ideas new theories new data revisiting generates sense dj vu cycles vigorous debate ultimately cycle leads synthesis progress emerging paradigm biodiversity governs ecosystem function rapidly evolving words thomas kuhn controversial experiments successfully articulated paradigm successfully challenged ecologys central tenet biodiversity primarily epiphenomenon ecosystem function secondarily structured community processes extreme form claims reverse true course neither central tenet ecology emerging paradigm correct absolute sense dialectic promoted emergence biodiversity ecosystem function paradigm redirected ecology focus feedback ecosystem function biodiversity rather studying independently final stage evolution emerging paradigm explicit tests synthetic mechanisms proposed familiarity ecological dialectic provides framework ecologists understand origin utility paradigms ecology provides proper context debate surrounds paradigms emerge promotes synthesis deters intellectual chauvinism may inadvertently accompany specialization within ecology citing literature volume83 issue6june 2002pages 15371552 relatedinformation