Zahra Safari, Reza Fouladi-Fard, Mostafa Vahedian, Mohammad Hassan Mahmoudian, Ahmad Rahbar, Maria Fiore
Health impact assessment and evaluation of economic costs attributed to PM2.5 air pollution using BenMAP-CE
International journal of biometeorology
macrofungi edible mushrooms used valuable medical resource millennia result antibacterial immunomodulatory components mushrooms contain dietary fibers known glucans class polysaccharides previously linked induction trained immunity however little known ability mushroomderived glucans induce trained immunity using various powdered forms white button mushroom agaricus bisporus found mouse macrophages pretreated whole mushroom powder wmp displayed enhanced responses restimulation tlr ligands particularly sensitive tolllike receptor tlr2 stimulation using synthetic lipopeptides trained response modest compared training observed yeastderived glucans correlated amount available glucans wmp enriching glucans content using either simulated invitro digestion chemical fractionation retained boosted trained response wmp respectively importantly wmp digestedwmp preparations retained glucans identified nuclear magnetic resonance analysis displayed capacity train human monocytes enhanced responses restimulation determine dietary incorporation mushroom products lead trained immunity myeloid cells vivo mice given regimen wmp oral gavage prior sacrifice flow cytometric analysis bonemarrow progenitors indicated alterations hematopoietic stem progenitor cells population dynamics shift toward myeloidcommitted multipotent progenitor cells mature bone marrowderived macrophages derived mice displayed enhanced responses restimulation particularly sensitive tlr2 taken together data demonstrate glucans common macrofungi train innate immune cells could point novel ways delivering bioavailable glucans education innate immune system