Monazza Aslam
The relative effectiveness of government and private schools in Pakistan: are girls worse off?
University of Oxford
recent evidence pakistan points significant promale bias within households allocation education expenditures raises two important questions less spent enrolled girls boys differential schooltype choice two sexes example greater likelihood sending boys feecharging private schools indeed case girls thereby condemned lower quality schooling average boys asking questions paper makes three contributions literature firstly one studies pakistan explore question relative effectiveness public private schools despite unprecedented expansion feecharging private schools past two decades secondly unlike existing papers focus primary schooling study looks potential learning gaps school type students last year middle school grade eight near transition secondary schooling thirdly exploits unique purposivelycollected data government private school students thus estimating achievement production functions able control number variables typically unobserved researchers findings reveal boys indeed likely sent private schools girls within household differential schooltype choice important channel differential treatment girls private schools also found better quality effective government schools imparting mathematics literacy skills girls lose visvis boys terms lower withinhousehold educational expenditures also terms quality schooling accessed