Yoonjung Lee, Jayoung Park, Woong-Han Kim, Jwa-Seop Shin, Hyun Bae Yoon
Beyond the surface: unraveling global health curriculum insights through interviews of learners and educators using the CIPP model
Korean journal of medical education
multiple studies highlighted inequities minority indigenous children face accessing health care health wellbeing positively impacted indigenous children educated receive care maternal language however less known association minority indigenous language use child development risks outcomes study provide global estimates development risks assess associations minority indigenous language status early child development using tenitem early child development index ecdi tool widely used global population assessments children aged 34 years secondary analysis crosssectional data 65 unicef multiple indicator cluster surveys mics containing ecdi 200919 waves 46 included individuallevel data children aged 24 years 2360 months datasets ecdi modules surveys captured language respondent interview head household expanded graded intergenerational disruption scale used classify household languages dominant versus minority indigenous country level primary outcome ontrack overall development defined per unicefs guidelines development track least three four ecdi domains literacynumeracy learning physical socioemotional performed logistic regression pooled weighted ecdi scores aggregated language status adjusting covariables child sex child nutritional status stunting household wealth maternal education developmental support adult caregiver countrylevel early child education proportion regression analyses done children aged 34 years ecdi results separately children functional disabilities ecdi results 65 mics datasets included 186 393 children aged 34 years ecdi language data corresponding estimated represented population 34 714 992 individuals estimated prevalence ontrack overall development measured ecdi scores 657 95 ci 642672 children minority indigenous languagespeaking household 766 757774 dominant languagespeaking household adjustment dominant language status associated increased odds ontrack overall development adjusted 154 95 ci 140171 appeared largely driven significantly increased odds ontrack development literacynumeracy socioemotional domains represented population aged 24 years n11 465 601 estimated prevalence familyreported functional disability 36 95 ci 3044 represented population aged 34 years functional disability n292 691 language status associated ontrack overall development adjusted 102 95 ci 043245 global dataset children speaking minority indigenous language less likely ontrack ecdi scores speaking dominant language given strong positive benefits speaking indigenous language health development indigenous children disparity likely reflect sociolinguistic marginalisation faced speakers minority indigenous languages well differences performance ecdi languages global efforts consider performance measures monitor developmental data disaggregated language status stimulate efforts address disparity none spanish kaqchikel kiche translations abstract see supplementary materials section