Olivia A Casimir, Sarah C Blake, Jill V Klosky, Julie A Gazmararian
Adaptations to the Learning Environment for Elementary School Children in Georgia during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Journal of child and family studies
earlylife educational attainment contributes cognitive reserve cr investigated associations lifelong cr dementia mild cognitive impairment mci among older people limited formal education populationbased cohort study included 2127 dementiafree participants 60 years 594 women 815 elementary school examined baseline augustdecember 2014 followup marchseptember 2018 lifelong cr score baseline generated six lifespan intellectual factors dementia mci subtypes defined according international criteria data analyzed using cox proportionalhazards models total 83306 personyears followup 101 persons diagnosed dementia including 74 alzheimers disease ad 26 vascular dementia vad high vs low tertile lifelong cr score associated multivariableadjusted hazards ratios 95 confidence interval 028 014055 dementia 018 007048 ad association higher cr reduced ad risk significant people aged 6074 aged 75 years p interaction 0011 similarly among mcifree people baseline n 1635 high vs low tertile lifelong cr score associated multivariableadjusted hazard ratios 051 038069 mci 046 033064 amnestic mci lifelong cr related vad nonamnestic mci high lifelong cr associated reduced risks dementia mci especially ad amnestic mci highlights importance lifelong cr maintaining latelife cognitive health even among people limited education