Ah Reum An, Kyoungwoo Kim, Jae-Ho Lee, Nak-Jin Sung, Sang-Il Lee, Min Kyung Hyun
Having a usual source of care and its associated factors in Korean adults: a cross-sectional study of the 2012 Korea Health Panel Survey
BMC family practice
sequential multiple assignment randomized trials smarts gold standard estimating optimal dynamic treatment regimes dtrs costly require large sample size introduce multistage augmented qlearning estimator maqe improve efficiency estimation optimal dtrs augmenting smart data observational data motivating example comes back pain consortium one overarching aims learn tailor treatments chronic low back pain individual patient phenotypes knowledge lacking clinically consortiumwide collaborative smart observational studies within consortium collect data participant phenotypes treatments outcomes multiple time points easily integrated previously published singlestage augmentation methods integration trial observational study os data adapted estimate optimal dtrs smarts using qlearning simulation studies show maqe integrates phenotype treatment outcome information multiple studies multiple time points accurately estimates optimal dtr higher average value comparable qlearning estimator without augmentation demonstrate improvement robust wide range trial os sample sizes addition noise variables effect sizes