Kayla Schulte, Ben Hudson
A cross-sectional study of inequalities in digital air pollution information access and exposure reducing behavior uptake in the UK
Environment international
fundamental decision organism must make allocate resources offspring respect size number two major theoretical approaches problem optimal offspring size optimistic brood size models make different predictions may reconciled including offspring fitness related size extended reasoning trivers willard 1973 derive general model parents allocate additional resources respect number males females produced among individuals sex based fitness payoffs predicted harvester ant colonies invest additional resources tested three hypotheses derived model using data 3 years food supplementation bracketed 6 years without food addition major results predicted model food supplementation increased number reproductives produced male female size increased food addition greatest increases male size occurred colonies made small females discuss use fitness landscape improves quantitative predictions allocation decisions parents invest differentially offspring different types best strategy depend parental state well effect investment offspring fitness