Ralph R. Turner|Alexandra L. Quittner|Bhash Parasuraman|Joel Kallich|Charles S. Cleeland
Patient-Reported Outcomes: Instrument Development and Selection Issues
elemental patientreported outcomes pro assessment involves asking patients questions evaluating answers instrument developers need clear want know want know whether learned credible whether interpret learned context research objectives credible instrument development neither inexpensive technically trivial researchers must first determine available measure meets research objectives suggest tasks either reviewing current instruments developing new ones originate basic premise pro assessment requires wellarticulated conceptual framework defined context research objectives conceptual framework needs adapted population interest discuss qualitative methods enrich conceptual framework facilitate technical measurement tasks item development testing reduction recognize pro assessment stands technological crossroads increasingly frequent application modern psychometric methods discuss innovations item banks computeradaptive testing influence pro instrument development although items essential building blocks instruments scales primary unit analysis pro assessment discuss methods scoring combining finally pro assessment meaningless key figure chooses cooperate consider respondent burden influences quality pro assessment