Yaqian Liu|Yufeng Li|Mengjie Lei|Pengxi Liu|Julie Theobald|Meng Li|Tingting Liu|Chunmei Zhang|Chang-De Jin
Effectiveness of the flipped classroom on the development of self-directed learning in nursing education: a meta-analysis
Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine|Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine|Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine|Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine|Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine|Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine|Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine|Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine|Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
abstract objectives examine best practice evidence effectiveness flipped classroom fc burgeoning teaching model development selfdirected learning nursing education data sources relevant randomized controlled trial rct nonrct comparative studies searched multiple electronic databases including pubmed embase web science cumulative index nursing allied health literature cinahl cochrane central register controlled trials central wanfang data china national knowledge infrastructure cnki chinese science technology periodical database vip inception june 2017 review methods data independently assessed extracted eligibility two reviewers quality included studies assessed another two reviewers using standardized form evaluated using cochrane collaborations risk bias tool selfdirected learning scores continuous outcomes analyzed using 95 confidence intervals cis standard deviation average smd weighted mean difference wmd heterogeneity assessed using cochrans 2 statistic results total 12 studies encompassed 1440 nursing students intervention group 685 control group 755 eligible inclusion review 12 included studies quality level one included study others b pooled effect size showed compared traditional teaching models fc could improve nursing students selfdirected learning skill measured selfdirected learning readiness scale sdlrs selfdirected learning readiness scale nursing education sdlrsne selfregulated learning scale srl autonomous learning competencies scale alc competencies autonomous learning nursing students calns overall scores subgroup analyses srl favor fc conclusions result metaanalysis indicated fcs could improve effect selfdirected learning nursing education future studies rcts using measurement tools needed draw authoritative conclusions