Markéta Caravolas|Arne Lervåg|M Mikulajová|Sylvia Defior|Gabriela Seidlová Málková|Charles Hulme
A Cross-Linguistic, Longitudinal Study of the Foundations of Decoding and Reading Comprehension Ability
Bangor University|University of Oslo|Comenius University Bratislava|Universidad de Granada|Bangor University|University of Oxford|Charles University
present study investigated moderating role orthographic consistency development reading comprehension four language groups english n179 spanish n188 czech n 135 slovak n194 kindergarten grade 2 languages early variations phoneme awarenessletter knowledge ran emerging decoding skills oral language predicted variations decoding skills end grade 1 turn predicted reading comprehension grade 2 three consistent orthographies spanish slovak czech kindergarten language skills another significant predictor grade 2 reading comprehensionthis effect absent english sample variations decoding skills powerful predictorthese results provide first longitudinal evidence effects orthographic consistency development reading comprehension provide support simple view reading