Nuria Gutiérrez, Juan E Jiménez, Sara C de León, Rocío C Seoane
Assessing Foundational Reading Skills in Kindergarten: A Curriculum-Based Measurement in Spanish
Journal of learning disabilities
pyrethroid insecticides used residentially agriculturally toxicity targets nervous system insects might also interfere development function human brain epidemiological studies suggest exposure pyrethroids may associated neurobehavioral problems children little data potential associations cognitive outcomes furthermore many studies showed neurotoxic effects several pesticides modified sex hence considerations potential sexdifferences important investigate study crosssectional association urinary levels pyrethroid metabolites neurodevelopment including neurobehavioral cognitive outcomes preschoolage children examine whether sex might modify associations used data followup examination maternalinfant research environmental chemicals mirec mirec child development study mireccd plus children age 34 years living 6 canadian cities participant collected urine sample measurements pyrethroids metabolites cisdbca cisdcca transdcca 3pba 4f3pba assessed neurodevelopment wechsler primary preschool scale intelligenceiii wppsiiii two scales behavior rating inventory executive functionpreschool briefp parents reported childrens behavior using behavior assessment system children2 basc2 social responsiveness scale2 srs2 examined associations childrens urinary pyrethroid metabolite concentrations neurodevelopmental scores multiple linear regression models adjusting confounders boys girls separately study included 179 children mean age 32 range 2840 detection frequencies high pyrethroid metabolites 83100 lower 4f3pba 36 higher concentrations cisdbca significantly associated lower verbal performance fullscale iq scores boys eg 2fold increase cisdbca 20 95 ci 34 06 fullscale iq girls metabolite associated cognitive scores 3pba associated lower verbal iq scores 13 95 ci 26 01 neurobehavioral outcomes boys associations poorer basc2 adaptive skills scores higher concentrations cisdcca 16 95 ci 23 09 transdcca 15 95 ci 22 08 3pba 17 95 ci 25 09 sum pyrethroid metabolites 18 95 ci 26 09 girls observed significant association higher concentration cisdcca better basc2 adaptive skills score 10 95 ci 02 18 urinary pyrethroids metabolites scores srs2 briefp associated pyrethroid metabolites associations pyrethroid pesticide metabolites indicators neurodevelopmental disorder especially among boys associations agreement previous studies could suggest exposure pyrethroid pesticides represents risk potential toxicity cognitive development children risk behavioral development however crosssectional nature study limits causal inferences