Iddo Gal, Anke Grotlüschen, Dave Tout, Gabriele Kaiser
Numeracy, adult education, and vulnerable adults: a critical view of a neglected field
ZDM : the international journal on mathematics education
effect interpersonal behavioral synchrony childrens behavior emerging field rich research potential studies demonstrate effect affiliative prosocial outcomes role synchronized movement childrens specific learning outcomes yet investigated experimentally one possibility synchrony coordinated social activity encourages perceived social bonds leading heightened attention better information retention equally likely physiological rather social learning mechanisms mediate effect given previously demonstrated role autonomic arousal attentional fluctuations cognitive engagement problem solving exploration curiosity present study investigated behavioral physiological effects synchrony conceptualized induced interpersonal behavioral movementbased interaction word learning 25yearold children laboratory experiment toddlers engaged either synchronous asynchronous movementbased interaction adult experimenter listening upbeat childrens song asynchronous movement episode experimenter engaged children word learning task asynchrony learning phases childrens physiological arousal continuously recorded resulting heart rate skin conductance response measures following caregiverchild free play break children tested novel word retention results indicated children learned novel labels equal rates learning phase conditions retention test differ conditions although chance retention novel labels found following synchronous asynchronous episode crossepisode comparisons reach statistical significance physiological arousal indices following asynchrony episode differ conditions predict better word learning although skin conductance response higher learning movement episode study contributes understanding underlying cognitive physiological mechanisms interpersonal behavioral synchrony knowledge acquisition domain paves way future investigations