Pablo Astorga|Ame R. Bergés|Valpy FitzGerald
The standard of living in Latin America during the twentieth century<sup>1</sup>
Institute of Economic Forecasting|Latin American Institute|University of Oxford|University of Oxford
new consistent series latin american real incomes life expectancy adult literacy twentieth century reveal living standards rose rapidly 1930s 1970s period characterised increased state intervention reduced trade openness within region brazil mexico advanced century whole despite early start made argentina chile although convergence larger countries accompanied divergence smaller ones sustained narrowing income gap us 1900 2000 convergence living standards due improved life expectancy new estimates regional per capita income also permit clearer comparison europe asia major advances living standards achieved middle decades century closely related early industrialization rapid urbanization extension primary health education subsequent economic volatility fiscal fragility limited increases living standards undermining social consensus development strategy