Jennifer Miller|Lesley Williams|Abdullah S. Alhurani|Zyad T. Saleh|Alison Bailey|Alison Connell|Muna Hammash|Misook L. Chung|Debra K. Moser
Race matters: cardiovascular disease risk in male US prisoners
University of Kentucky|University of Kentucky|University of Jordan|University of Jordan|Eastern Kentucky University|University of Louisville|University of Kentucky|University of Kentucky
abstract funding acknowledgements type funding sources public grants national budget main funding sources nihnational institute nursing research 1rc2nr011948 introduction approximately 10 22 million prisoners us diagnosis cardiovascular disease cvd 2016 28 deaths custody attributable cvd black race inadequate health literacy poor perceived control predictors increased cardiovascular disease cvd risk prevalent prisoners however little known relationships among race health literacy perceived control cvd risk male prisoners objective purpose study explore relationships among race health literacy perceived control cvd risk controlling wellknown risk factors education partner status body mass index male prisoners methods used baseline data 349 male prisoners biobehavioral cvd risk reduction intervention health literacy measured using newest vital sign perceived control control attitudes scale revised cvd risk quantified framingham risk score frs three indirect effects race cvd risk examined using serial mediation model two sequential mediators ie health literacy perceived control 95 confidence intervals 5000 bootstrap samples results participants mean age 36 10 years 642 white 358 black mean education level 12 years 858 married partnered mean bmi 283 50 mean frs 663 490 indicating risk percentages 23 133 next ten years black prisoners younger 35 9 versus 37 10 p 047 lower levels health literacy 384 190 versus 469 163 p amplt 001 white prisoners statistically significant differences perceived control education partner status body mass index noted races three indirect effects race cvd significant direct effect race compared white prisoners black prisoners higher levels cvd risk health literacy a1b1 3571 95 ci 0948 7162 lower levels cvd risk perceived control a2b2 1855 95 ci 4388 0077 black prisoners higher levels cvd risk health literacy influenced perceived control a1b2d21 0627 95 ci 0028 1409 indicating despite protective effect higher levels perceived control black prisoners cvd risk remained higher compared white counterparts conclusion future cvd risk reduction interventions prisoners races specifically black male prisoners include goals improving health literacy perceived control addition traditional modifiable risk factors often included biobehavioral interventions