HA Schunk
The Effect of Singing Paired with Signing on Receptive Vocabulary Skills ofElementary ESL Students
Journal of music therapy
current study examines developmental changes internalizing externalizing symptoms social competence experiences school climate children follow distinct trajectories peer victimization sample elementary school children across 2 years data children parents teachers grades 13 followed across five waves latent class analyses revealed four distinct victimization trajectory groups characterized chronically high increasing decreasing lowstable levels across time multilevel analyses showed children chronically high peer victimization group higher initials levels internalizing externalizing symptoms lower levels social competence poorer experiences school climate compared children lowstable group time children increasing group slower rates increases social competence children lowstable group worsening experiences school climate compared children lowstable peer victimization group findings suggest children chronically victimized may developmental disadvantage compared children report little declining peer victimization time