Guang-Hong Xie, Jun Shen, Fan Li, Huan-Huan Yan, Ying Qian
Development and Validation of a Clinical Model for Predicting Delay in Postoperative Transfer Out of the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare
article reviews previous studies effects implicit explicit corrective feedback sla pointing number methodological problems reports new study effects two types corrective feedback acquisition past tense ed experimental design two experimental groups control group lowintermediate learners second language english completed two communicative tasks received either recasts implicit feedback metalinguistic explanation explicit feedback response utterance contained error target structure acquisition measured means oral imitation test designed measure implicit knowledge untimed grammaticality judgment test metalinguistic knowledge test designed measure explicit knowledge tests administered prior instruction 1 day instruction 2 weeks later statistical comparisons learners performance posttests showed clear advantage explicit feedback implicit feedback delayed imitation grammaticality judgment posttests thus results indicate metalinguistic explanation benefited implicit well explicit knowledge point importance including measures types knowledge experimental studiesthis research funded marsden fund grant awarded royal society arts new zealand researchers authors contributed research jenefer philip satomi mizutami keiko sakui thomas delaney thanks go editors special issue two anonymous ssla reviewers draft article constructive comments