Surette van Staden|Sarah Howie
Reading between the lines: contributing factors that affect Grade 5 student reading performance as measured across South Africa's 11 languages
University of Pretoria|University of Pretoria
article reports south african results study identify explain relationships major factors associated successful reading grade 5 11 official languages educational policy south africa advocates additive bilingualism model students grades 1 3 taught mother tongue thereafter language learning teaching changes second language cases english complexity issues hierarchical linear modeling hlm used determine effect number explanatory variables student school level reading achievement outcome variable controlling language using south african progress international reading literacy study pirls 2006 data utilizing creemers comprehensive model educational effectiveness creemers reezigt 1999 creemers b pm reezigt gj 1999 concept vision educational effectiveness theory research learning environments research 2 107135 crossref google scholar theoretical point departure article focus results overall south african model student schoollevel variables