Neil Hatfield, Nathanial Brown, Chad M Topaz
Do introductory courses disproportionately drive minoritized students out of STEM pathways?
PNAS nexus
engaging healthy movement behaviours early childhood beneficial childrens development parents play critical role shaping movement habits formative years study aimed explore parents knowledge canadian 24hour movement guidelines early years guidelines perceived knowledge selfefficacy movement behaviour concepts early childhood influence sociodemographic characteristics variables also examined via crosssectional online survey parentsguardians n 576 young children canada participants knowledge guidelines 11 items perceived knowledge 11 items 5point scale selfefficacy 11 items 11point scale movement behaviour concepts early childhood examined descriptive statistics calculated independent variables multivariate regression models estimated examine sociodemographic factors associated participants knowledge selfefficacy participants 119 reported familiar guidelines parents knowledgeable screen time guideline children 2 years 750 correctly identified guideline least familiar recommendation toddlerpreschooler total physical activity 147 correctly identified guideline parentsguardians perceived knowledgeable safe sleep practices 659 veryextremely knowledgeable least knowledgeable muscle bonestrengthening activities 718 allsomewhat knowledgeable overall parentsguardians moderately confident promoting healthy movement behaviours 601 sd 173 participants higher levels education reported significantly higher perceived knowledge compared less educated p 004 parentsguardians identifying white reported significantly higher levels selfefficacy compared parentsguardians minority ethnic groups p 028 finally parentsguardians physically active reported higher perceived knowledge p 001 selfefficacy p 001 less active findings shed light need raise awareness guidelines among parents young children highlight specific movement behaviour concepts need focus future training population targeted education parentsguardians lower socioeconomic groups also needed address equity concerns online version contains supplementary material available 101186s4416702400051x