Rengaswamy Sankaranarayanan|Steven Duffy|G. Padmakumary|Nicholas Day|M. K. C. Nair
Risk factors for cancer of the buccal and labial mucosa in Kerala, southern India.
Regional Cancer Center, Thiruvananthapuram|Regional Cancer Center, Thiruvananthapuram|Regional Cancer Center, Thiruvananthapuram|Regional Cancer Center, Thiruvananthapuram|Regional Cancer Center, Thiruvananthapuram
study objectivethe aim investigate risk factors cancer buccal labial mucosa kerala southern india designthe investigation casecontrol study settingregional cancer centre trivandrum kerala local teaching hospitals participantscases registered oral cancers regional cancer centre 1983 1984 n 414 controls n 895 selected admissions cancer centre found nonmalignant conditions patients attending outpatients teaching hospitals trivandrum medical college nonmalignant conditions measurements main resultsthe risk males following habits investigated pan beteltobacco chewing bidi cigarette smoking drinking alcohol taking snuff pantobacco chewing investigated females indulged habits among males predisposing effects found pantobacco chewing p less 0001 bidi smoking p less 0001 drinking alcohol p less 0001 taking snuff p less 001 males pantobacco chewing also predisposing effect females p less 0001 duration use better predictor risk either daily frequency use total lifetime exposure pantobacco chewing especially habit started age 21 years bidi smoking however also high risks associated current occasional use factors pantobacco chewing important risk factor relative risk 1324 3140 years9 use 3775 greater 40 years9 use among males corresponding relative risks females 2130 5493 effect cigarette smoking observed relative risk 064 p greater 01 conclusionsa substantial majority cases buccal labial cancers attributable chewing pantobacco obvious implications instituting preventive measures