Alberto Ardissone, Iwona Leonowicz-Bukała, Monika Struck-Peregończyk
"Can Anyone Tell Me…". Online Health Communities in Diabetes Self-Management in Poland and Italy
Health communication
although maternal hemoglobin levels pregnancy commonly associated perinatal outcomes link childhood neurodevelopment remains uncertain study aimed examine associations maternal hemoglobin early late pregnancy educational attainment offspring midchildhood highresource obstetric setting pregnancy data prospective birth cohort pregnancy outcome prediction study cambridge united kingdom 20082012 n3285 linked midchildhood educational outcomes department education united kingdom regression models adjusted maternal child socioeconomic factors used determine associations maternal hemoglobin pregnancy complications offspring educational outcomes aged 57 years association observed maternal hemoglobin 12 weeks likelihood either adverse pregnancy outcomes children meeting expected educational standards ages 57 years higher maternal hemoglobin 28 weeks associated increased risk smallforgestationalage infants adjusted odds ratio 126 95 confidence interval 111159 p002 preterm birth adjusted odds ratio 138 95 confidence interval 111181 p005 adverse birth outcomes associated anemia however children mothers anemic 28 weeks 40 increased risk attaining expected educational standards age 5 adjusted odds ratio 142 95 confidence interval 103195 p03 association maternal anemia 28 weeks educational performance ages 67 associations found high maternal hemoglobin concentrations top decile change hemoglobin concentrations 12 28 weeks childhood educational attainment maternal anemia 28 weeks pregnancy associated reduced educational attainment 5 years old older ages 67 years old proactive approach increasing maternal hemoglobin highresource settings unlikely impact longterm childhood educational attainment