Michelle Sarah Livings, Emily Smith-Greenaway, Rachel Margolis, Ashton M Verdery
Lost support, lost skills: Children's cognitive outcomes following grandparental death
Social science research
limited evidence classification maternal metabolic syndrome pregnancy affects childrens developmental outcomes possible mediators association study uses cohort sample 12644 13832 motherchild pairs uk born bradford study examine associations maternal metabolic syndrome classification mets child development outcomes age 5 using cord blood markers candidate mediators maternal cardiometabolic markers included diabetes obesity triglycerides highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol blood pressure hypertension fasting glucose pregnancy cord blood markers highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol triglycerides leptin adiponectin used child mediators child outcomes included two starting school variables british picture vocabulary scale bpvs letter identification assessment lid five developmental milestone domains national uk framework 1 communication language com 2 personal social emotional pse 3 physical development phy 4 literacy lit 5 mathematics mat mediation models used examine associations classification maternal metabolic syndrome child developmental milestones models adjusted potential maternal socioeconomic child confounders maternal education deprivation gestational age mediation models significant total effects found mets associations childrens development lit domain age 5 mets predicted individual cord blood mediators lower hdl increased leptin levels adjusted unadjusted models total indirect effects effects mediators combined mets childs com pse domain significant child cord blood mediators ldl hdl triglycerides adiponectin leptin adjusted models results support hypothesis maternal metabolic syndrome classification pregnancy associated child developmental outcomes age 5 adjusting maternal child environmental covariates maternal metabolic syndrome classification pregnancy associated childrens lit domain direct effects maternal metabolic health indirect effects cord blood markers total effects com pse domains via changes childs cord blood markers total indirect effects