Setognal Birara Aychiluhm, Kusse Urmale Mare, Betelhem Dagnew, Abubeker Alebachew Seid, Mequannent Sharew Melaku, Kebede Gemeda Sabo, Abay Woday Tadesse, Kedir Y Ahmed
Determinants of tobacco use among pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa. A multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression model
PloS one
internet increasingly important resource patients seeking healthrelated information trend american medical association ama national institutes health nih recommend online patient education materials pems written third seventh grade level present study evaluates readability levels ophthalmological pems provided five major academic hospitals quantifies availability accompanying videos graphics examines extent readability may increased march 2021 397 pems five major academic hospitals extracted subsequent analysis seven validated readability assessments presence accompanying video graphic noted statistical significance assessed using kruskalwallis test dunns multiple comparisons test chisquare test nearly articles written recommended reading level 7th grade averaging scales article median grade level 117 interquartile range iqr 107127 pems highest median reading level provided johns hopkins university wilmer institute 126 iqr 113 136 136 131 articles accompanying video graphic respectively reduction sentence length beneath 15 words resulted improvement readability 27 grade levels readability online patient resources provided major academic hospitals literacy guidelines recommended nih ama furthermore articles include video graphic could potentially improve patient understandability educational materials altering pems demonstrated institutions could increase value articles provide patients therefore quality patientphysician relationship