Giang Pham|Kathryn Kohnert
A Longitudinal Study of Lexical Development in Children Learning Vietnamese and English
University of Massachusetts Amherst|University of Minnesota System
longitudinal study modeled lexical development among children spoke v ietnamese first language l1 e nglish second language l2 participants n 33 initial mean age 73 years completed total eight tasks four language measured vocabulary knowledge lexical processing four yearly time points multivariate hierarchical linear modeling used calculate l1 l2 trajectories within model task main findings included positive growth language b greater gains english resulting shifts toward l2 dominance c different patterns receptive expressive domains timing shifts l2 dominance underscored l1 skills resilient vulnerable increases l2 proficiency