Diana S. Hoover|David W. Wetter|Damon J. Vidrine|Nga Nguyen|Summer Frank|Yisheng Li|Andrew J. Waters|Cathy D. Meade|Jennifer Irvin Vidrine
Enhancing Smoking Risk Communications: The Influence of Health Literacy and Message Content
The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center|University of Utah|University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center|The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center|University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center|The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center|Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences|Moffitt Cancer Center|University of South Florida|Florida College|University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
efforts needed ensure smokers lower health literacy provided understandable impactful information health consequences smoking benefits quittingto test influence health literacy smokers responses health risk messages manipulated framing gain vs loss emotionality factual vs emotionalparticipants n 402 randomized evaluate one four sets smoking risk messages factual gainframed factual lossframed emotional gainframed emotional lossframed multiple linear regressions examined main effects health literacy message emotionality message framing risk perceptions b behavioral expectations ie cut limit quit c risk knowledge twoway interactions health literacy emotionality framing examined outcomes analyses based theorydriven priori hypothesesas hypothesized main effects emerged smokers higher health literacy reported stronger risk perceptions knowledge retention regardless message type additionally emotional vs factual gain vs loss framed messages associated certain lower risk perceptions regardless health literacy level consistent hypotheses twoway crossover interactions emerged health literacy emotionality among smokers higher health literacy factual messages produced higher perceived risk stronger expectations quitting among smokers lower health literacy emotional messages produced higher perceived risk stronger expectations quittinghealth literacy plays important role influencing smokers respond different risk messages ones health literacy considered determining whether risk communications emphasize factual emotional content