Tatjana Kanonire, Denis A Federiakin, Irina L Uglanova
Multicomponent framework for students' subjective well-being in elementary school
School psychology (Washington, D.C.)
public health interventions designed improve specific healthrelated outcomes however may also produce negative side effects substitution use psychological social harms knowledge unintended effects schoolbased smoking preventive interventions sparse hence study examined potential unintended effects smokingreducing intervention focus among students vocational education training setting cluster randomised controlled trial stratified school type 5 months followup across denmark eight schools randomised intervention group n844 students response proportion 76 six schools control group n815 students response proportion 75 study focused solely students smoked baseline n491 intervention developed systematically based theory thoroughly mixedmethods needs assessment intervention components included comprehensive school tobacco policy smokefree school hours supported 3day course school staff launched edutainment session students classbased lessons quitandwin competition individual telephone smoking cessation support alternative tobacco nicotine products regular use smokeless tobacco hookah ecigarettes regular cannabis use boredom loneliness school stress perceived stigmatisation among smokers found statistically significant unintended effects intervention nonetheless insignificant findings indicated students intervention group less likely bored school hours 059 95 ci 032 110 experience stress 062 95 ci 035 110 likely report feeling stigmatised compared control group 155 95 ci 071 340 overall findings suggested unintended effects focus trial respect substitution use psychological group social harms future research encouraged report potential harmful outcomes smoking preventive interventions interventions aware possible stigmatisation smokers isrctn16455577