Win Wah|Arul Earnest|Charumathi Sabanayagam|Ching?Yu Cheng|Marcus Eng Hock Ong|Tien Yin Wong|Ecosse L. Lamoureux
Composite Measures of Individual and Area-Level Socio-Economic Status Are Associated with Visual Impairment in Singapore
National University of Singapore|Duke-NUS Medical School|Monash University|Singapore National Eye Center|Singapore Eye Research Institute|Duke-NUS Medical School|Singapore National Eye Center|Singapore Eye Research Institute|National University Health System|National University of Singapore|Duke-NUS Medical School|Duke-NUS Medical School|Singapore General Hospital|Singapore Eye Research Institute|Duke-NUS Medical School|Singapore National Eye Center|Duke-NUS Medical School|Centre for Eye Research Australia|University of Melbourne|Singapore National Eye Center|Singapore Eye Research Institute
investigate independent relationship individual arealevel socioeconomic status ses presence severity visual impairment vi asian populationcrosssectional data 9993 chinese malay indian adults aged 4080 years participated singapore epidemiology eye diseases 20042011 singapore based presenting visual acuity pva betterseeing eye vi categorized normal vision logmar030 low vision logmar030100 blindness logmar100 vi defined low visionblindness pva betterseeing eye individuallevel lowses defined composite primarylevel education monthly income2000 sgd residing 1 2room public apartment arealevel ses assessed using socioeconomic disadvantage index sedi created using 12 variables 2010 singapore census high sedi score indicates relatively poor ses associations ses measures presence severity vi examined using multilevel mixedeffects logistic multinomial regression modelsthe ageadjusted prevalence vi 1962 low vision 19 blindness 062 individual arealevel ses positively associated vi low vision adjusting confounders odds ratio 95 confidence interval vi 211188237 lowses 107102113 per 1 standard deviation increase sedi stratified unilateralbilateral categories low ses showed significant associations categories sedi showed significant association bilateral low vision association low ses vi remained significant among age gender ethnic subgroups although consistent positive association observed arealevel sedi vi associations significant among participants aged 4065 years malein communitybased sample asian adults individual arealevel ses independently associated presence severity vi