Owanate Briggs, Carolyn M Brown, Puneeth Indurlal, Jody S Garey, Michael Johnsrud
Provider perceptions of barriers to biosimilar utilization in community oncology practices
Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA
background study compares efficacy two schoolbased intervention programmes phonology reading p r oral language ol children poor oral language school entry methods following screening 960 children 152 children mean age 409 selected 19 schools basis poor vocabulary verbal reasoning skills randomly allocated either p r programme ol programme groups children received 20 weeks daily intervention alternating small group individual sessions delivered trained teaching assistants children p r group received training lettersound knowledge phonological awareness book level reading skills children ol group received instruction vocabulary comprehension inference generation narrative skills childrens progress monitored four time points pre mid postintervention 5month delay using measures literacy language phonological awareness results data clustered children within schools robust confidence intervals reported end 20week intervention programme children p r group showed advantage ol group literacy phonological measures children ol group showed advantage p r group measures vocabulary grammatical skills gains maintained 5month period conclusions intervention programmes designed develop oral language skills delivered successfully trained teaching assistants children school entry training using p r fostered decoding ability whereas ol programme improved vocabulary grammatical skills foundations reading comprehension however end intervention 50 atrisk children remain need literacy support