Susanne Ragnarsson, Klara Johansson, Erik Bergström, Gunnar Sjöberg, Anna-Karin Hurtig, Solveig Petersen
Perceived problems with academic achievement in school-aged children with recurrent pain - a longitudinal study
Scandinavian journal of public health
resulting interaction environmental genetic factors differences somatic potentials manifest different body size body proportions may decide childrens motor skills predispositions determination morphological conditioning physical fitness facilitates rational control physical education processes somatic characteristics 9yearold boys different levels physical fitness somatic traits physical fitness assessed 9yearold boys n308 attending public elementary schools warsaw based results international test physical fitness itpf groups boys low lowest quartile n77 high highest quartile n76 levels physical fitness distinguished anthropometric measurements comprised assessment body height body mass sitting height arm span waist hip circumferences shoulder hip widths thickness 5 skinfolds based biceps subscapular skinfolds body fat content determined additionally ponderal index waisttohip ratio sitting height body height ratio shoulderstohip ratio calculated based body mass index bmi values underweight overweight normal body mass subjects distinguished among boys within low high physical fitness categories significant differences groups found body height trunk length arm span however boys low physical fitness less slim significantly higher body mass 18 almost twofold higher body fat content 240 vs 137 significantly greater waisttohip circumference lesser shouldertohip ratio p 0001 relatively shorter legs p 005 compared boys exhibiting higher levels physical fitness among boys higher levels physical fitness subjects classified normal body mass predominated 87 boys low physical fitness percentages normal overweight subjects equal amounted 47 body height longitudinal dimensions seem contribute physical fitness 9yearold boys considerably lesser degree body mass bodysize related features since prevalence overweight subjects among less fit boys alarmingly high preventive steps made one arranging additional forms physical activity would reduce body fat consequently diminish deficiencies physical fitness