Jan de Leeuw|Ita G. G. Kreft
Questioning Multilevel Models
University of California, Los Angeles|California State University Los Angeles
article practical problems multilevel techniques discussed problems brought attention national center education statistics nces terminology computer programs employing different algorithms interpretations coefficients one two steps discuss usefulness hierarchical linear model hm common situation educationthat large number relatively small groups also point situations complicated hms replaced simpler models statistical properties easier study conclude studies need done establish claimed superiority restricted versus unrestricted maximum likelihood study effects shrinkage estimators explore merits simpler methods weighted least squares finally distinctions must made choice model choice technique choice algorithm choice computer program hms elegant conceptualization always necessary traditional techniques perform well better large groups small intraclass correlations researcher interested fixedlevel regression coefficients