David Alexander Back, Florian Behringer, Tina Harms, Joachim Plener, Kai Sostmann, Harm Peters
Survey of e-learning implementation and faculty support strategies in a cluster of mid-European medical schools
BMC medical education
recent research found gender parity ie ratio women men science technology engineering math stem disciplines associated sexual violence sv victimization women finding may reflect type backlash wherein sv means punishing women perceived violating gender roles threatening male hegemony sexual minorities likewise disproportionately victims sv report experiencing heterosexist hostility harassment stem disciplines reason suspect combination marginalized identity positions eg sexual minority woman genderbalanced stem may amplify perceived gender role violations exacerbate risk sv victimization data collected undergraduate women five institutions higher education united states sampling stratified stem vs nonstem majors maledominated vs genderbalanced majors sexual violence measured via revised sexual experiences survey tested interaction sexual minority status gender parity stem sv via fixed effects ols regression sexual minority women genderbalanced stem frequently victims sv women maledominated stem majors greater risk sv victimization regardless sexual minority status peers nonstem majors findings suggest possibility compound form backlash wherein women exponentially victimized sexual identity membership stem fields seen dual challenges male hegemony true could exacerbate health disparities rather promote health equity sexual minority women findings point ongoing need challenge hegemonic gender norms focus prevention programs populations risk ensure provided appropriate resources support