Rebecca Miles, Yuxia Wang, Suzanne Bennett Johnson
Neighborhood Built and Social Environments and Change in Weight Status over the Summer in Low-Income Elementary School Children
International journal of environmental research and public health
wastewaterbased epidemiology wbe wastewater surveillance become valuable complementary data source collect information communitywide exposure measurement human biomarkers influent wastewater iww wbe normalization data de facto population corresponds wastewater sample crucial correct interpretation spatiotemporal trends exposure consumption patterns however knowledge gaps remain identifying validating suitable de facto population biomarkers pbs refinement wbe backestimations wbe studies apply de facto pbs including hydrochemical parameters utility consumption data sources endo exogenous chemicals biological biomarkers signalling records relative trend analysis absolute population size estimation systematically reviewed three databases pubmed web science scopus according prisma guidelines included review 81 publications accounted daily variations population sizes applying de facto population normalization date wide range pbs proposed de facto population normalization complicating comparability normalized measurements across wbe studies additionally validation potential pbs complicated absence ideal external validator magnifying overall uncertainty population normalization wbe therefore review proposes conceptual tierbased crossvalidation approach identifying validating de facto pbs guide integration relative trend analysis ii absolute population size estimation furthermore review also provides detailed evaluation uncertainty observed comparing different de jure de facto population estimation approaches study shows percentual differences range 200 exceptions showing even larger variations review underscores need collaboration among wbe researchers streamline application de facto population normalization evaluate robustness different pbs different sociodemographic communities