Chiara Bertoncello|António Ferro|Marco Fonzo|Sofia Zanovello|Giuseppina Napoletano|Federico Russo|Vincenzo Baldo|Silvia Cocchio
Socioeconomic Determinants in Vaccine Hesitancy and Vaccine Refusal in Italy
University of Padua|Provincia Autonoma di Trento|University of Padua|University of Padua|Regione del Veneto|Regione del Veneto|University of Padua|University of Padua
childhood vaccination milestone control infectious diseases however even countries offering equal access vaccination number vaccinepreventable diseases reemerged suboptimal vaccination coverage called question aim explore socioeconomic inequalities vaccine hesitancy outright refusal families least one child aged 3 months 7 years involved online survey families classified provaccine hesitant antivaccine association socioeconomic determinants hesitancyrefusal investigated logisticregression model total 3865 questionnaires collected 640 families provaccine 324 hesitant 36 antivaccine rising levels perceived economic hardship associated hesitancy adjusted odds ratio aor 134 159 lower parental education significantly associated refusal aor 189 339 family economic hardship parental education move parallel economic hardship determinant hesitancy lower education predictor outright refusal without affecting hesitancy findings may serve warnings explanations socioeconomic inequities needed even universal healthcare systems insight factors necessary improve convenience remove potential access issues