Aileen Wai-Kiu Chan, Sek-Ying Chair, Janet Wing-Hung Sit, Eliza Mi-Ling Wong, Diana Tze-Fun Lee, Olivia Wai-Man Fung
Case-Based Web Learning Versus Face-to-Face Learning: A Mixed-Method Study on University Nursing Students
The journal of nursing research : JNR
iron overload observed neurodegenerative diseases especially alzheimers disease ad parkinsons disease pd homozygotes ironoverload haemochromatosis causing hfe pc282y variant increased risk dementia pd whether brain iron deposition causal secondary neurodegenerative processes general population unclear analysed 39533 uk biobank participants european genetic ancestry brain mri data studied brain iron estimated r2 quantitative susceptibility mapping qsm 8 subcortical regions accumbens amygdala caudate hippocampus pallidum putamen substantia nigra thalamus performed genomewide associations studies gwas used mendelian randomization mr methods estimate causal effect brain iron grey matter volume risk ad nonad pd also used mr test whether genetic liability ad pd causally increased brain iron r2 qsm gwas r2 qsm replicated 83 previously reported genetic loci identified 174 loci across eight brain regions higher genetically predicted brain iron using r2 qsm associated lower grey matter volumes caudate putamen thalamus eg betaputamenqsm 037 p 21046 higher genetically predicted thalamus r2 associated increased risk nonad dementia 136116160 p 2104 ad p 005 males genetically predicted putamen r2 increased nonad dementia risk females higher genetically predicted iron caudate putamen substantia nigra associated increased risk pd odds ratio qsm substantianigra 121107137 p 0003 genetic liability ad pd associated r2 qsm dementia pdassociated regions genetic analysis supports causal effect higher iron deposition specific subcortical brain regions parkinsons disease grey matter volume nonalzheimers dementia