Eduardo Faerstein, Dóra Chor, Guilherme Loureiro Werneck, Claudia de Souza Lopes, George Kaplan
Race and perceived racism, education, and hypertension among Brazilian civil servants: the Pró-Saúde Study
Revista brasileira de epidemiologia = Brazilian journal of epidemiology
transfer appropriate processing tap refers general finding training gains maximized training testing conducted conditions present study tested extent tap applies speech perception training children hearing loss specifically assessed benefits computerbased speech perception training games enhancing childrens speech recognition comparing three training groups auditory training audiovisual training avt combination two atavt also determined whether talkerspecific training might occur children train speech next years classroom teacher leads better recognition talkers speech extent training benefits generalize untrained talkers consistent tap theory predicted children would improve ability recognize speech trained talker three untrained talkers depending training group would improve auditoryonly listening audiovisual speechreading speech perception assessment matched type training received also hypothesized benefit would generalize untrained talkers test modalities train albeit lesser extent ninetynine elementary school aged children hearing loss enrolled randomized control trial repeated measures aab experimental mixed design children served control assessment overall benefit particular training type three different groups children yielded data comparing three types training also assessed talkerspecific learning transfer learning including speech perception tests stimuli spoken talker child trained stimuli spoken three talkers child train including speech perception tests presented auditory listening audiovisual speechreading stimuli children received 16 hr gamified training games provided word identification connected speech comprehension training activities overall children showed significant improvement listening speechreading performance consistent tap theory children improved trained talker untrained talkers also consistent tap theory children received improved listening speechreading however children received avt improved types assessment equally consistent predictions derived tap perspective age language level phonological awareness either predictive training benefits negligibly findings provide support practice providing children hearing loss structured speech perception training suggest future aural rehabilitation programs might include teacherspecific speech perception training prepare children upcoming school year especially since training generalize talkers results also suggest benefits speech perception training significantly related age language level degree phonological awareness findings largely consistent tap theory suggesting aligned training task desired outcome likely benefit accrue