Luigi Costantini|Cesira Pasquarella|Anna Odone|Maria Eugenia Colucci|Alessandra Costanza|Gianluca Serafini|Andrea Aguglia|Martino Belvederi Murri|Vlasios Brakoulias|Mario Amore|S. Nassir Ghaemi|Andrea Amerio
Screening for depression in primary care with Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9): A systematic review
University of Parma|University of Parma|Vita-Salute San Raffaele University|University of Parma|University of Geneva|Azienda Ospedaliera Nazionale SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo|Ospedale Policlinico San Martino|University of Genoa|Ospedale Policlinico San Martino|University of Genoa|University of Ferrara|Camden and Campbelltown Hospitals|Blacktown & Mount Druitt Hospital|Western Sydney University|Ospedale Policlinico San Martino|University of Genoa|Tufts University|Harvard University|Tufts University|Ospedale Policlinico San Martino|University of Genoa
depression leading cause disability international guidelines recommend screening depression patient health questionnaire 9 phq9 identified reliable screening tool reviewed evidence using within primary care setting retrieved studies medline embase psycinfo cinahl cochrane library carried primary carebased depression screening using phq9 populations older 12 1995 2018 fortytwo studies included systematic review studies crosssectional n40 95 conducted highincome countries n27 71 recruited adult populations n38 90 accuracy phq9 evaluated 31 74 studies twostage screening system structured interview often carried primary care mental health professionals studies employed cutoff score 10 n24 57 total range 5 15 overall sensitivity phq9 ranged 037 098 specificity 042 099 positive predictive value 009 092 negative predictive value 08 1 lack longitudinal studies small sample size heterogeneity primarycare settings limited generalizability results phq9 widely validated recommended twostage screening process longitudinal studies necessary provide evidence longterm screening effectiveness