Cornelia Betsch|Philipp Schmid|Dorothee Heinemeier|Lars Korn|Cindy Holtmann|Robert Böhm
Beyond confidence: Development of a measure assessing the 5C psychological antecedents of vaccination
University of Erfurt|University of Erfurt|University of Erfurt|University of Erfurt|University of Erfurt|RWTH Aachen University
monitoring reasons considerable number people receive recommended vaccinations allows identification important trends time designing evaluating strategies address vaccine hesitancy increase vaccine uptake existing validated measures assessing vaccine hesitancy focus primarily confidence vaccines system delivers however empirical theoretical work stated complacency perceiving diseases high risk constraints structural psychological barriers calculation engagement extensive information searching aspects pertaining collective responsibility willingness protect others also play role explaining vaccination behavior objective therefore develop validated measure 5c psychological antecedents vaccinationthree crosssectional studies conducted study 1 uses factor analysis develop initial scale assesses subscales convergent discriminant concurrent validity n 1445 two german conveniencesamples study 2 sample representative regarding age gender german population n 1003 completed measure vaccination general specific vaccinations assess potential need vaccinespecific wording items study 3 compared novel scales performance six existing measures vaccine hesitancy n 350 us conveniencesample outcome long 15item short 5item 5c scale developed reliable valid indicators confidence complacency constraints calculation collective responsibility 5c subscales correlated relevant psychological concepts attitude confidence perceived personal health status invulnerability complacency selfcontrol constraints preference deliberation calculation communal orientation collective responsibility among others new scale provided similar results formulated general vs vaccinespecific way study 2 comparison seven measures 5c scale constantly among scales explained highest amounts variance analyses predicting single vaccinations 20 40 study 3 present studies limited concurrent validity scalesthe 5c scale provides novel tool monitor psychological antecedents vaccination facilitates diagnosis intervention design evaluation short version suitable field settings regular global monitoring relevant antecedents vaccination