Marian J. Bakermans?Kranenburg|Marinus H. van IJzendoorn
The Hidden Efficacy of Interventions: Gene×Environment Experiments from a Differential Susceptibility Perspective
Leiden University|Leiden University
efficacy interventions might underestimated even go undetected main effect hidden genebyenvironment ge interactions review moves beyond problems thwarting correlational ge research propose genetic differential susceptibility experiments ge experiments test bright side well dark side moderating role genotypes traditionally considered represent vulnerability negative conditions differential susceptibility model predicts carriers risk genotypes profit interventions changing environment better evolutionary background ge differential susceptibility discussed statistical methods analysis differential susceptibility versus diathesis stress reviewed based results 22 randomized ge experiments metaanalytic evidence differential susceptibility model presented intervention effects much stronger susceptible genotypes nonsusceptible genotypes final sections suggest possibilities broaden g component ge equation including genetic pathways broaden e component including methylation level gene expression promising ways probe concept environment deeply address perennial issue works