Kai Li, Tommy Tanu Wijaya, Xiaoying Chen, Muhammad Syahril Harahap
Exploring the factors affecting elementary mathematics teachers' innovative behavior: an integration of social cognitive theory
Scientific reports
diversity physician workforce improves patient care physician wellbeing innovation workforce diversity dependent fair compensation unbiased race ethnicity purpose study determine disparity representation salary based raceethnicity exists academic cardiothoracic surgery performed crosssectional analysis data collected accreditation council graduate medical education acgme association american medical colleges aamc faculty data us medical school faculty 2021 2022 salary data available academic rank raceethnicity fewer 6 cardiothoracic surgeons performed descriptive analysis number faculty compared median mean salaries according academic rank using paired ttest 758 academic cardiothoracic surgeons 649 white 252 asian 33 blackafrican american 49 hispaniclatino 17 raceethnicity cardiothoracic surgeons academic rank professor 746 white 177 asian 34 blackafrican american 39 hispaniclatino 04 races asian faculty earned 89171 blackafrican american faculty earned 5994 hispaniclatino earned 84165 median salary earned white faculty blackafrican american faculty consistently significantly p 002 earned lower median salaries compared white faculty academic rank measured academic cardiothoracic surgery workforce lacks diversity especially highest academic ranks salary equity among racesethnicities complex requiring additional study however blackafrican american cardiothoracic surgeons experience low representation salary disparity every academic rank measured