Eric C Olsen, Preetha Kamath, Daniel Bergman, Conway Huang
Insights into the MSDO Fellowship Match: an analysis of 2020-2022 San Francisco Match Data
Archives of dermatological research
import force result statistical test long portrayed consistent deductive reasoning simplest form deductive argument first premise conditional form pq means p true q must true given first premise one either affirm deny antecedent clause p affirm deny consequent claim q leads four forms deductive argument two valid forms reasoning two invalid typical conclusion single form argumentdenying consequent also known modus tollensis reasonable analog decisions based statistical hypothesis testing statistical evidence never certain associated probability ie plevel argued modus tollens probabilified loses force leads ridiculous nonsensical conclusions argument based specious problem setup note intended correct error restore position modus tollens valid form deductive inference statistical matters even probabilified