Nicole Sparapani|Carol McDonald Connor|Leigh McLean|Taffeta Wood|Jessica R. Toste|Stephanie Day
Direct and reciprocal effects among social skills, vocabulary, and reading comprehension in first grade
University of California, Davis|University of California, Irvine|Arizona State University|University of California, Irvine|The University of Texas at Austin|University of California, Irvine
social skills vocabulary important areas development involved early reading achievement yet little attention given understanding dynamic associations among elementary years study examined relations among three dimensions social skillscooperation assertion selfcontrolvocabulary developing reading comprehension rc skills longitudinal sample first graders n 468 using structural equation modeling reciprocal effects observed vocabulary rc well direct effects among social skills vocabulary rc controlling influence problem behaviors study highlights reciprocal nature students vocabulary rc skills well provides preliminary evidence suggesting social skills play role developing vocabulary rc skills vocabulary rc skills play role social development middle childhood implications policy practice discussed