Leland Wilkinson|Michael Friendly
The History of the Cluster Heat Map
York University|York University
cluster heat map ingenious display simultaneously reveals row column hierarchical cluster structure data matrix consists rectangular tiling tile shaded color scale represent value corresponding element data matrix rows columns tiling ordered similar rows columns near vertical horizontal margins tiling hierarchical cluster trees cluster heat map synthesis several different graphic displays developed statisticians century locate earliest sources display late 19th century publications trace diverse 20th century statistical literature provided foundation widely used bioinformatics displays