Malek Jdaitawi, Saja Alturki, Samah Ramzy, Walaa Saleh, Sherin Mabrouk, Rania Abdulgawad, Heba Hasan
The effect of modern technology app on the self-regulation skills of students with disabilities
Journal of education and health promotion
open defecation widely practiced india improve sanitation promote better health government india goi instituted large scale sanitation programmes supporting construction public institutional toilets extending financial subsidies poor families rural areas building individual household latrines nevertheless many household latrines rural india built government subsidies facilitation support nongovernment organizations ngo remain unused literature social cultural behavioural aspects constrain latrine adoption use rural india limited paper examines defecation patterns different groups people rural areas odisha state india identify causes determinants latrine nonuse special focus governmentsubsidized latrine owners shortcomings household sanitation infrastructure built government subsidies exploratory study using qualitative methods conducted rural communities odisha state methods used focus group discussions fgds observations latrines interviews owners fgds held frontline ngo sanitation program staff community members separately caste gender latrine type age group data analysed using thematic framework approach government subsidized latrines mostly found unfinished many counted complete per government standards disbursement financial subsidies contracted ngos accepted owners termed incomplete latrines lacked roof door adequate walls provision water supply near cabin whereas rural people elaborate processes cleansing water post defecation making presence nearby water source important habits socialising sanitation rituals daily routines varying caste gender marital status age lifestyle also hindered adoption latrines interest constructing latrines observed among male heads female members especially newlywed daughterinlaw reflecting concerns privacy security convenience paper elaborates different factors findings show providing infrastructure ensure use significant culturally engrained behavioural barriers using latrines future sanitation programmes rural india need focus understanding addressing behavioural barriers