David Reilly
Gender, Culture, and Sex-Typed Cognitive Abilities
Griffith University
although gender differences cognitive abilities frequently reported magnitude differences whether hold practical significance educational outcomes boys girls highly debated furthermore gender gaps reading mathematics science literacy reported often attributed innate biological differences rather social cultural factors crosscultural evidence may contribute debate study reports national gender differences reading mathematics science literacy 65 nations participating 2009 round programme international student assessment pisa consistently across nations girls outperform boys reading literacy 44 boys outperform girls mathematics usa 22 across oecd nations 13 science literacy usa showed largest gender difference across oecd nations 14 gender differences across oecd nations nonsignificant small female advantage found nonoecd nations 09 across three domains differences pronounced tails distribution low highachievers considerable crosscultural variability also observed national gender differences correlated gender equity measures economic prosperity hofstedes cultural dimension power distance educational societal implications gender gaps addressed well mechanisms gender differences cognitive abilities culturally mediated