Tazeen H. Jafar|Nish Chaturvedi|Asma Gul|Anwar Khan|Christopher H. Schmid|Andrew S. Levey
Ethnic differences and determinants of proteinuria among South Asian subgroups in Pakistan
Aga Khan University
hypertension diabetes increasing age smoking known risk factors proteinuria prevalence proteinuria high south asians however ethnic subgroup differences determinants proteinuria within south asian population exploredthe national health survey pakistan conducted 1990 1994 used explore ethnic subgroup variation proteinuria distinct ethnic subgroups muhajir punjabi sindhi pashtun baluchi defined mother tongue report results individuals aged or15 years n 9442 proteinuria defined dipstick positive protein random urine sampleincreasing age high consumption meat presence hypertension diabetes independently associated proteinuria agestandardized prevalence proteinuria 46 42 51 varied among ethnic subgroups p 0001 highest among sindhi men 95 women 103 muhajir men 82 women 47 punjabi men 32 women 35 lowest among baluchi men 24 women 42 pashtun men 27 women 12 ethnic differences persisted adjusting abovementioned sociodemographic dietary clinical risk factors adjusted odds ratio 95 ci 642 397 1038 sindhis 358 222 579 muhajirs 203 125 329 punjabis 175 079 388 baluchis compared pashtunswe conclude unmeasured environmental genetic factors account ethnic variations proteinuria deserve study