Sayeed Unisa|P. Jagannath|Vinay Dhir|Chiranjeeva Khandelwal|L. Sarangi|Tarun Kumar Roy
Population-based study to estimate prevalence and determine risk factors of gallbladder diseases in the rural Gangetic basin of North India
International Institute for Population Sciences|Lilavati Hospital & Research Centre|S.L. Raheja Hospital|Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences|International Institute for Population Sciences
high prevalence gallbladder diseases gbd northern india warranted population survey environmental risk factorsin 60 villages uttar pradesh bihar 13 334 households 22 861 persons aged 30 years interviewed symptoms gbd diet environmental factors subsequently ultrasonography us performed 5100 1448 people without symptoms respectively heavy metal pesticide content soil water estimatedus revealed prevalence gbd 620 gbd common 5100 persons symptoms 712 compared 1448 without 299 p 005 adjusted odds ratio ors 95 confidence interval ci revealed significantly increased risk gbd females 50 1703 ci 12922245 multiparity 1862 ci 13062655 genetic history 1564 ci 10492334 increased risk noted males diabetes 4271 ci 21308566 chickpea consumption 2546 ci 15634146 drinking unsafe water 3835 ci 23686209 prevalence gallstones 415 females 559 males 199 p 005 cluster analysis identified positive correlation nickel cadmium chromium water high prevalence gbd adjacent villages vaishali district bihara high risk gbd observed older multiparous women men diabetes intake chickpeas unsafe water villages heavy metal water pollution