Irineu de Carvalho Filho|Leonardo Monteiro Monastério
Immigration and the origins of regional inequality: Government-sponsored European migration to southern Brazil before World War I
International Monetary Fund|Institute of Applied Economic Research|National Council for Scientific and Technological Development
paper studies longterm consequences governmentsponsored programs european immigration southern brazil great war find municipalities closer original sites nineteenth century government sponsored settlements colnias higher per capita income less poverty dependence bolsa famlia cash transfers better health education outcomes areas close german colonies also less inequality income educational outcomes otherwise since reduced form relationship attempt identify relative importance egalitarian landholdings higher initial human capital determining outcomes findings suggestive egalitarian land distribution played important role higher initial human capital achieving good outcomes associated closeness colnia