Brenna L Quinn, Seung Eun Lee, Janki Bhagat, David W Holman, Emily A Keeler, Micaela Rogal
A Retrospective Review of School Nurse Approaches to Assessing Pain
Pain management nursing : official journal of the American Society of Pain Management Nurses
using longitudinal data 4h study positive youth development authors assessed 1977 adolescents across grades 5 8 determine distinctive developmental paths behavioral emotional school engagement paths varied relation sex raceethnicity family socioeconomic status ses whether links existed trajectories school engagement grades depression substance use delinquency four trajectories behavioral school engagement four trajectories emotional engagement identified using semiparametric mixture model trajectories distinct regard initial levels changes engagement well shapes trajectories varied regard sex ses raceethnicity different trajectories behavioral emotional engagement linked grades depression delinquency substance use directions future research application discussed