Win Khaing|Sakda Arj-Ong Vallibhakara|John Attia|Mark McEvoy|Ammarin Thakkinstian
Effects of education and income on cardiovascular outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Mahidol University|University of Medicine Mandalay|Mahidol University|University of Newcastle Australia|University of Newcastle Australia|Mahidol University
objective previous studies reported discrepancy effects education income cardiovascular diseases systematic review metaanalysis therefore conducted aimed summarize effects education income cardiovascular diseases methods studies identified medline scopus july 2016 cohorts eligible assessed associations educationincome cardiovascular diseases least one outcome including coronary artery diseases cardiovascular events strokes cardiovascular deaths multivariate metaanalysis applied pool risk effects social determinants results among 72 included cohorts 39 19 14 studied europe usa asia pooled risk ratios low medium versus high education 136 95 confidence interval 111166 121 106140 coronary artery diseases 150 117192 127 109148 cardiovascular events 123 106143 117 101135 strokes 139 126154 121 112130 cardiovascular deaths effects education cardiovascular diseases still present us europe settings except asia present cardiovascular deaths effects low medium income versus high corresponding cardiovascular diseases 149 116191 127 110147 coronary artery diseases 117 096144 105 098113 cardiovascular events 130 099172 124 100153 strokes 176 145214 134 117154 cardiovascular deaths conclusion social determinants risk factors cardiovascular diseases developed countries although high heterogeneity pooling data asia countries still needed update pooling