Barbara Lewis|Lisa Freebairn|Jessica Tag|Allison Avrich Ciesla|Sudha K. Iyengar|Catherine M. Stein|H. Gerry Taylor
Adolescent Outcomes of Children With Early Speech Sound Disorders With and Without Language Impairment
Case Western Reserve University|Google (United States)|Case Western Reserve University|Google (United States)|Case Western Reserve University|Google (United States)|Case Western Reserve University|Google (United States)|Case Western Reserve University|Google (United States)|Case Western Reserve University|Google (United States)|Case Western Reserve University|Google (United States)
study authors determined adolescent speech language literacy outcomes individuals histories early childhood speech sound disorders ssd without comorbid language impairment li examined factors associated outcomesthis study used prospective longitudinal design participants ssd n 170 enrolled early childhood 46 years followed adolescence 1118 years compared individuals histories speech language impairment ssd n 146 measures speech language literacy comparisons made adolescents early childhood histories ssd ssd ssd plus li well adolescents ssd resolved ssd persistent ssdindividuals early childhood ssd comorbid li poorer outcomes histories ssd ssd poorer language literacy outcomes adolescence associated multiple factors including persistent speech sound problems lower nonverbal intelligence lower socioeconomic status adolescents persistent ssd higher rates comorbid li reading disability ssd resolved ssd groupsrisk factors language literacy problems adolescence include early history li persistent ssd lower nonverbal cognitive ability social disadvantage