Martyn Barrett|Ian Brunton?Smith
Political and Civic Engagement and Participation: Towards an Integrative Perspective
University of Surrey|University of Surrey
article presents overview current understandings study political civic engagement participation drawing particular innovations emerged pidop projectfor purposes article engagement defined interest paying attention knowledge beliefs opinions attitudes feelings either political civic matters whereas participation defined terms political civic participatory behavioursthe different forms political civic engagement participation take outlined factors related different patterns engagement participation reviewedthese factors operate different levels include distal macro contextual factors demographic factors proximal social factors endogenous psychological factorsan integrative model covering four levels factors outlinedsome findings secondary analysis existing datasets including european social survey international social survey programme pidop project also reportedthese findings show engagement participation vary function complex interactions macro demographic psychological factorsit argued multilevel integrative theories one proposed current article required understand drivers political civic engagement participation policies interventions aimed enhancing citizens levels engagement participation need take multilevel complexity account