Jiao-Jiao Wu, Qing-Ning Zhang, Su-Su Liao, Jiang-Hong Li, Jian-Duan Zhang, Jing-Zhi Huang
Healthcare providers' perceived barriers to providing breastfeeding support in Northwest rural China
International breastfeeding journal
moral distress common phenomenon negative consequences nurses patients healthcare systems study aims design evaluate educational program reduce moral distress nurses multiphase mixedmethod study done three stage february 2021 shiraziran preimplementation stage content analysis study conducted 12 participants interviewed using purposive sampling program designed according qualitative data panel expertise literature review according seven steps ewles sminetts model implemented one group 40 nurses using quasiexperimental design postimplementation stage effectiveness program evaluated quantitative qualitative methods quantitative data gathered hamrics 21question moral distress questionnaire analyzed via spss v25 analysis variance repeated measures test also content analysis study conducted 6 prmd participants using purposive sampling program evaluation stage convergence quantitative qualitative data effects program examined trustworthiness qualitative data accomplished lincoln guba criteria first quantitative study revealed causes moral distress consisted deficiency professional competency unsuitable organizational culture personal factors environmental organizational factors management factors insufficiencies proficient efficient communication nurses observation moral dilemma results quantitative stage showed significant difference p 005 mean score moral distress 1 2 months intervention participants secondary qualitative stage reported increasing moral knowledge skills improving ethical climate moral empowerment use different educational tools teaching methods participation managers designing strategies effective role effectiveness educational program