Kinza Aslam, Rehan Ahmed Khan, Mohammad Annas Aslam, Fatima Zia Zaidi
Curriculum implementation challenges: Development and validation of an integrated curriculum implementation challenges tool
Pakistan journal of medical sciences
implementing selfrefereeing system presents unique challenge sports education particularly academic training settings officiated sports prevail however ultimate frisbee stands entrusting players athlete referee roles introducing distinctive ethical complexities manuscript intended evaluate ethical behavior selfcontrol within spirit game sotg scoring system elite ultimate address ultimate employs sotg scoring system integral since sports inception late 1980s sotg aims enhance evaluate athletes ethical conduct study evaluates sotgs effectiveness elitelevel ultimate analyzing variations across divisions age groups three highlevel tournaments using crosssectional design data collected five international ultimate tournaments 2022 teams spanned diverse age groups 17 50 divisions womens mixed open postmatch teams assessed opponents sotg five domains rules knowledge fouls fairness attitudeselfcontrol communication ratings used 5point likert scale poor excellent overall sotg score calculated aggregating domain scores study consistently revealed high sotg scores reflecting strong sportsmanship positive attitude selfcontrol consistently ranked highest knowledge use rules scored lowest divisional differences sotg statistically insignificant notably wmucc2022 participants aged 30 significantly higher sotg scores possibly indicating agerelated selfcontrol improvement evolving sport culture lower rules knowledge scores may stem linguistic translation challenges selfrefereeing promotes ethical behavior across divisions age groups sotg underscores sportsmanships importance aligns international olympic committee ioc sustainable development goals sdgs particularly sdg 3 4 5 16 fostering fairer healthier peaceful world