Jane L. Chiang|M. Sue Kirkman|Lori M. Laffel|Anne L. Peters
Type 1 Diabetes Through the Life Span: A Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association
American Diabetes Association|University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|Joslin Diabetes Center|Harvard University|University of Southern California
type 1 diabetes characterized immunemediated depletion cells results lifelong dependence exogenous insulin type 1 type 2 diabetes result hyperglycemia pathophysiology etiology diseases distinct require us consider type diabetes independently position statement summarizes available data specific comprehensive care individuals type 1 diabetes goal enhance ability recognize manage type 1 diabetes prevent associated complications eventually cure prevent diseasethe exact number individuals type 1 diabetes around world known us estimated 3 million 1 although long called juvenile diabetes due frequent relatively straightforward diagnosis children majority individuals type 1 diabetes adultsmost children referred treated tertiary centers clinical data readily captured search diabetes youth study estimated 2009 18436 us youth newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes 12945 nonhispanic white 3098 hispanic 2070 nonhispanic black 276 asianpacific islander 47 american indian 2 worldwide 78000 youth diagnosed type 1 diabetes annually incidence varies tremendously among countries east asians american indians lowest incidence rates 018 per 100000year compared finnish highest rates 642 per 100000year 3 us number youth type 1 diabetes estimated 166984 4the precise incidence newonset type 1 diabetes 20 years age unknown may due prolonged phase onset subtleties distinguishing different