Laurens Reumers, Niels Hameleers, Henk Hilderink, Marleen Bekker, Maria Jansen, Dirk Ruwaard
Quantifying reciprocal relationships between poverty and health: combining a causal loop diagram with longitudinal structural equation modelling
International journal for equity in health
paradox settler societies united states america canada australia new zealand simultaneously resisted accommodated authority imperialist europe 1 societies white supremacist ideology based notion european culture superior others continued assault languages cultures lifeworlds indigenous populations time resistance process established spaces indigenous selfdeterminationthe paradox vivid education systems demonstrate practices dominated privileges whiteness 2 still prevalent many schools despite educational rhetoric concerning multicultural pedagogythis paper analyses comparatively competing discourses ethnicity school curricula offered indigenous children usa australiacase studies four schools serve rural urban indigenous populations 1 state primary school aboriginal settlement outback australia 2 state primary school small town large proportion native americans usa 3 indigenous communitycontrolled primary school urban australia 4 indigenous communitycontrolled primary school rural native american settlement usaour analysis explores far curriculum appeared eurocentric sense biased towards white supremacist worldview far appeared offering alternatives views teachers interviewed curriculumwe frame analysis interpretation ethnic context relates countries including socioeducational disadvantage suffered indigenous people australia usawe discuss significance two styles curriculum conceptualisation observed consider dilemmas involved seeking pedagogic changegiven theme educational situation black populations might asked paper focuses educational practices affect australian aborigines torres strait islanders 3 native americansthese indigenous peoples include dark skin color part african diasporathe answer indigenous peoples australia americas share formerly colonised peoples africa african diaspora americas caribbean parts europe strikingly similar experiences colonial neocolonial educationas teachers learn similarities well differencesafricans australian indigenous people native americans erroneously called indians european invaders calling interchangeably american indians indians native americans forced bottom socioeconomic racial hierarchies whitedominant countriestheir experiences racism continue institutionalized systemic 4 yet seized spaces changeidentifying similarities educational experiences conditions australian aborigines native americans help us understand forces shape state education children colorthis research global implicationsit draws attention questions defines curriculum whose interest servedthe overarching concerns schooling may help children color develop identities distorted colonizing identity eurocentricism teachers learn challenge assimilationist curricula teach instead diverse histories sciences arts people color worldthese ideals teacher education decades yet rare see implemented framing analysis whiteness eurocentric curriculumto situate explain interests teacher educators taught variety settings since 1970s one black jamaican whose teaching career spans caribbean britain australia white educator workingclass us background raised montana neighbourhood native americans teaching ethnically diverse urban center northern californiawe teach university programs prepare teachers multicultural antiracist pedagogy supervise student teachers primary secondary schoolsour programs ask students explore nature eurocentrism including racial ideologies 5 organisation education 3 australian indigenous people referred aborigines torres strait islanders comprise several distinct ethnic language groups egkoori murri wik connected different ancestral landsindigenous australians range skin shades reject use term black describe groupwhen used often used political term 4 spring joel 200l deculturation struggle equalityburridge illinois mcgraw hill higher edcharles mills 2000 racial contractithaca