Martijn Wieling|Simonetta Montemagni?|John Nerbonne|R. Harald Baayen
Lexical differences between Tuscan dialects and standard Italian: Accounting for geographic and sociodemographic variation using generalized additive mixed modeling
study uses generalized additive mixedeffects regression model predict lexical differences tuscan dialects respect standard italian used lexical information 170 concepts used 2060 speakers 213 locations tuscany model geographical position found important predictor locations distant florence lexical forms likely differ standard italian addition geographical pattern varied significantly low versus highfrequency concepts older versus younger speakers younger speakers generally used variants likely match standard language several factors emerged significant male speakers well farmers likely use lexical forms different standard italian contrast highereducated speakers used lexical forms likely match standard model also indicates lexical variants used smaller communities likely differ standard italian impact community size however varied concept concept majority concepts lexical variants used smaller communities likely differ standard italian form minority concepts however lexical variants used larger communities likely differ standard italian similarly effect community speakerrelated predictors varied per concept results clearly show model succeeds teasing apart different forces influencing dialect landscape helps us shed light complex interaction standard italian language tuscan dialectal varieties addition study illustrates potential generalized additive mixedeffects regression modeling applied dialect data