Zhu Yiran, Zhang Yan, Xing Lijun, Li Xizheng, Zhang Xinjie, Tian Yutong
Current status and influencing factors of activation of older patients with chronic disease
Frontiers in public health
audiotutorial science lessons provided 191 first second grade children instructed interviews conducted periodically assess changes science concept standing grades one twelve similar sample n 48 receiving audiotutorial lessons grades one two uninstructed also interviewed periodically grades one twelve instructed students showed substantially valid concept understandings fewer invalid concepts misconceptions uninstructed students grades two seven ten twelve concept maps prepared interview transcripts showed wide variation knowledge groups concept maps scored using scoring algorithm also showed significant differences favoring instructed students data show lasting impact early instruction science value concept maps representational tool cognitive developmental changes