Anna Bona, Rami Ahmed, Lauren Falvo, Julie Welch, Melanie Heniff, Dylan Cooper, Elisa Sarmiento, Cherri Hobgood
Closing the gender gap in medicine: the impact of a simulation-based confidence and negotiation course for women in graduate medical education
BMC medical education
occupation contribute differences risk stage diagnosis breast cancer study aimed determining whether occupation along skill level socioprofessional category affect breast cancer survival bcs 10 years diagnosis used cancer registry records identify women diagnosed primary invasive breast cancer western switzerland period 19902014 matched swiss national cohort effect workrelated variables bcs assessed using nonparametric parametric net survival methods study sample included 8678 women nonparametric analysis observed statistically significant effect workrelated variables bcs women elementary occupations low skill level paid employment classified elsewhere lowest bcs professionals highest skill level belonging top management independent profession category highest bcs parametric analysis confirmed pattern considering elementary occupations reference occupations craft related trades hazard ratio hr 1 among professionals technicians associate professionals clerks protective effect occupation statistically significant remained unchanged adjustment age calendar period registry nationality histological type adjusting tumor stage hrs increased slightly though turned nonsignificant effect observed top management independent professions supervisors low level management skilled laborers compared unskilled employees results suggest workrelated factors may affect bcs yet study conducted using limited set covariates relatively small study sample therefore larger studies needed detailed analyses risk occupations working conditions assessing potential interaction workrelated variables tumor stage