William W. Schultz|Heval Mohamed Kelli|John Lisko|Tina Varghese|Jia Shen|Pratik B. Sandesara|Arshed A. Quyyumi|Herman A. Taylor|Martha Gulati|John Harold|Jennifer H. Mieres|Keith C. Ferdinand|George A. Mensah|Laurence Sperling
Socioeconomic Status and Cardiovascular Outcomes
Emory University|Emory Clinic|Emory University|Emory Clinic|Emory University|Emory Clinic|Emory University|Emory Clinic|Morehouse School of Medicine|Phoenix College|University of Arizona|Cedars-Sinai Medical Center|Hofstra University|Tulane University|National Heart Lung and Blood Institute|National Institutes of Health|Emory University|Emory Clinic
socioeconomic status ses measurable significant effect cardiovascular health biological behavioral psychosocial risk factors prevalent disadvantaged individuals accentuate link ses cardiovascular disease cvd four measures consistently associated cvd highincome countries income level educational attainment employment status neighborhood socioeconomic factors addition disparities based sex shown several studies interventions targeting patients low ses predominantly focused modification traditional cvd risk factors promising approaches emerging implemented individual community population basis reduce disparities outcomes structured physical activity demonstrated effectiveness lowses populations geomapping may used identify targets largescale programs task shifting redistribution healthcare management physician nonphysician providers effort improve access health care may role select areas integration ses traditional cvd risk prediction models may allow improved management individuals high risk cultural regional differences ses make generalized implementation challenging future research required better understand underlying mechanisms cvd risk affect individuals low ses determine effective interventions patients high risk review current state knowledge impact ses incidence treatment outcomes cvd highincome societies suggest future research directions aimed elimination adverse factors integration measures ses customization cardiovascular treatment