Zhiling Chen, Xinghong Dai, Zhigang Tan
Artificial Intelligence Analysis of Outdoor Sports Risk Self-Assessment on Insurance Psychology
International journal of environmental research and public health
endoflife eol care part palliative care intended persons nearing death anorexia nervosa providing eol care instead coercing lifesustaining measures controversial existing literature synthesized yet clearly delineate differing views identify open questions well areas possible consensus conducted firstever synthesis existing literature searched embase pubmed psycinfo web science scientific publications forgoing coerced lifesustaining measures andor providing eol care persons refuse lifesustaining measures typically artificial nutrition palliative care outside eol context medical assistance dying reviewed little quantitative studies identified qualitatively analyzed conceptual questions ethical reasoning legal aspects stakeholder attitudes practical aspects stakeholder needs outcome identified 117 eligible publications 1984 2023 mainly case reports n26 different cases ethical analyses conceptualizations key terms terminality futility decisionmaking capacity dmc varied widely often valueladen circular ethical reasoning centered weighing preservation life versus quality life context uncertainty dmc likelihood clinical remission studies stakeholder attitudes reflected challenge cases courts ruled coerced lifesustaining measures andor favor eol care persons eligibility criteria contested recommendations deliberating providing eol care consistent identified one study stakeholder needs none outcome case reports described quality life eol care good death frequent outcome engagement voluntary treatment partial clinical remission debate around eol care needs consented coherent terminology whose value base reduced minimum made transparent empirical research decisionmaking predictors outcome might help reduce uncertainty fundamental normative questions need addressed example regarding ethicolegal significance treatment refusals weighing quantity versus quality life appropriateness diagnosisbased ethicolegal exceptionalism hard paternalism research needed outcome stakeholder needs eol care persons