Sung?Chi Hsu
Developing a scale for teacher integration of information and communication technology in grades 1–9
National Taiwan University
abstract unified view teachers integration information communication technology ict measured many instruments focused technological aspects recent studies suggested teachers pedagogical considerations professional development emerging ethical safety issues included assessing teachers ict literacy using performance standards created international society technology education group taiwanese teachers developed equivalent items consulting expert panels interviewing teachers scale constructed using instrument 3729 teachers grades 1 9 taiwan sampled half data analysed exploratory factor analysis find underpinning structure second half analysed confirmatory factor analysis verify subscales results confirmed six subscales teachers ict integration 1 information collection preparation 2 material production troubleshooting 3 communication sharing 4 planning teaching evaluation 5 professional development selfstudy 6 ethical health safety issues using two teacher attributes school levels course degree obtained scale verified feasibility established scale examines existing concerns technology pedagogy professional development new addition ethical safety issues demand growing attention teachers future generation