Brian J Zikmund-Fisher, Aaron M Scherer, Holly O Witteman, Jacob B Solomon, Nicole L Exe, Beth A Tarini, Angela Fagerlin
Graphics help patients distinguish between urgent and non-urgent deviations in laboratory test results
Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA
many children engage sufficient physical activity schools provide unique venue children reach recommended 60 daily minutes moderatetovigorous physical activity mvpa prior research examining effects mvpa academic achievement inconclusive studies investigated potential moderators relationship study examined whether studentlevel characteristics gender raceethnicity freereducedprice lunch status schoollevel characteristics proportion students qualifying freereducedprice lunch physical activity environment opportunities moderate relationship mvpa academic achievement large diverse metropolitan public school district georgia 4936 students grade 4 recruited 40 elementary schools students wore accelerometers measure schoolday mvpa total 15 days across three semesters fall 2018 spring 2019 fall 2019 academic achievement data including course marks grades math reading spelling standardized test scores writing math reading lexile reading assessment collected baseline grade 3 ages 89 followup grade 4 ages 910 standardized test scores measured grade 5 ages 1011 due covid19related disruptions multilevel modeling assessed whether studentlevel andor schoollevel characteristics moderators crosssectional longitudinal mvpaacademic achievement relationship cross sectional analyses indicated mvpa aa relationship moderated student hispanic ethnicity grade 4 fall spelling marks 0159 p 0001 relationship grade 4 fall spelling marks also moderated school physical activity opportunities 0128 p 0001 longitudinally significant moderation mvpaacademic achievement relationship student gender freereducedprice lunch status raceethnicity schoollevel factors including proportion students qualifying freereducedprice lunch physical activity environment physical activity opportunities overall results suggest student schoollevel characteristics moderate mvpaacademic achievement relationship statistically significant results observed certain outcomes practical differences negligible population schoolbased mvpa appear differently affect academic performance based student gender raceethnicity freereducedprice lunch school characteristics study registered national institutes health nih clinicaltrialsgov system id nct03765047 registered 05 december 2018retrospectively registered