Nancy C. Jordan|David Kaplan|Leslie Nabors Oláh|Maria N. Locuniak
Number Sense Growth in Kindergarten: A Longitudinal Investigation of Children at Risk for Mathematics Difficulties
University of Delaware|University of Delaware|University of Delaware|University of Delaware
number sense development 411 middle lowincome kindergartners mean age 58 years examined 4 time points controlling gender age reading skill although lowincome children performed significantly worse middleincome children end kindergarten tasks groups progressed rate exception story problems lowincome group achieved slower rate income groups made comparable progress problems presented nonverbally visual referents holding predictors constant small reliable gender effects favoring boys overall number sense performance well nonverbal calculation using growth mixture modeling 3 classes growth trajectories number sense emerged