Sara Ayoubi Ayoublu, Mehdi Vafakhah, Hamid Reza Pourghasemi
Efficiency evaluation of low impact development practices on urban flood risk
Journal of environmental management
clinical teaching essential preparing trainees independent practice improve teaching quality clinical teachers provided meaningful reliable feedback trainees bottomup feedback based uptodate educational concepts purpose designed webbased instrument swiss system evaluation teaching qualities swisssetq building wellestablished tool setqsmart expanding current graduate medical education concepts study aimed validate new instrument field anaesthesiology training based setqsmart developed online instrument primarily including 34 items generic items used clinical disciplines integrated recent educational frameworks canmeds 2015 canadian medical educational directives specialists entrustable professional activities epas newly included themes interprofessionalism patient centredness patient safety continuous professional development entrustment decisions ensured content validity iterative discussion rounds medical education specialists clinical supervisors two thinkaloud rounds residents investigated response process subsequently instrument pilottested anaesthesia departments four major teaching hospitals switzerland involving 220 trainees 120 faculty assessed instruments internal structure determine factorial composition using exploratory factor analysis internal statistical consistency cronbachs alpha estimate reliability regarding alpha 07 acceptable 08 good 09 excellent interrater reliability using generalisability theory order assess minimum number ratings necessary valid feedback one single supervisor based 185 complete ratings 101 faculty exploratory factor analysis revealed four factors explaining 723 variance individual instruction 338 evaluation trainee performance 209 teaching professionalism 128 entrustment decisions 47 cronbachs alpha total score 0964 factor analysis removed one item arrive 33 items final instrument generalisability studies yielded minimum five six individual ratings provide reliable feedback one supervisor swisssetq possesses high content validity excellent internal structure integrating uptodate graduate medical education concepts thereby tool allows reliable bottomup feedback trainees support clinical teachers improving teaching transfer disciplines anaesthesiology needs explored