Erin A Hudson, Marissa Burgermaster, Sophia M Isis, Matthew R Jeans, Sarvenaz Vandyousefi, Matthew J Landry, Rebecca Seguin-Fowler, Joya Chandra, Jaimie Davis
School-based intervention impacts availability of vegetables and beverages in participants' homes
Frontiers in nutrition
determine whether transdiagnostic risk represented elevations one highrisk personality trait interacts behaviorspecific risk represented elevated expectancies reinforcement either drinking smoking account partly early adolescent drinking smoking behavior multiple regression analysis twentythree public schools two school systems united states sample 1897 adolescents tested spring 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th grades transdiagnostic risk measured negative urgency tendency act rashly distressed using uppsp child version drinkingspecific smokingspecific risk measured expectancies reinforcement drinking smoking using memory modelbased expectancy questionnaire alcohol adolescent smoking consequences questionnaire smoking consistent concurrent prediction interactions negative urgency alcohol reinforcement expectancies early adolescent drinking b negative urgency smoking reinforcement expectancies early adolescent smoking beyond prediction main effects variables case expectancies predictive higher levels negative urgency incremental r2 values main effects ranged 007 026 interactions ranged 001 003 prospectively main effects predicted subsequent behavior interaction effects except one case among elementary high school students united states joint effects negative urgency behaviorspecific expectancies help explain drinking smoking behavior joint elevations trait learning variable account drinking smoking behavior beyond main effects predictor however reason doubt whether joint effects predict subsequent increases drinking smoking beyond main effects variables