Liliana Salvador, Margarida Alves Martins
From spelling to reading: An intervention program with children at risk of reading failure
Journal of experimental child psychology
although guidelines long recommended objective pulmonary function testing diagnose asthma copd many primary care patients receive clinical diagnosis asthma copd without objective testing often leads unnecessary treatment associated incremental costs side effects delays actual diagnosis barriers enablers lung function testing asthma copd primary care searched literature qualitative quantitative studies reporting barriers enablers inoffice outofoffice lung function testing diagnosing asthma copd primary care two reviewers independently screened abstracts full texts assessed methodologic quality using mixed methods appraisal tool extracted data included studies identified barriers enablers categorized using theoretical domains framework tdf applying preestablished coding manual identified 7988 unique articles reviewed 336 fulltext articles included 18 studies systematic review 18 12 quantitative three qualitative three used mixed methods 18 addressed inoffice testing 11 also addressed outofoffice testing barriers enablers overlapped asthma copd inoffice outofoffice settings identified reported barriers eg lack knowledge usefulness spirometry enablers eg skills performing reliable spirometry barriers mapped nine possible 14 tdf domains inoffice outofoffice settings enablers mapped three domains inoffice testing five domains outofoffice testing barriers objective testing airway disease primary care complex span many theoretical domains correspondingly successful intervention must leverage multiple behavior change techniques theorybased multifaceted intervention address underuse diagnostic testing asthma copd developed tested