Qianli Meng, Ying Cui, Min Zhang, Lixin Zhang, Liang Zhang, Jinxin Zhang, Jian Kuang, Qingyang Liu, Yang Zheng, Zhongling Luo, Huikun Liu, Guoping Zhu, Jingjing Cai, Guanrong Zhang, Xingxuan Wen, Haike Guo
Design and baseline characteristics of a population-based study of eye disease in southern Chinese people: the Dongguan Eye Study
Clinical & experimental ophthalmology
shortterm impacts breakfast consumption diet quality cognitive functioning reported evidence needed draw causal inferences longterm impacts school breakfast indicators school engagement academic achievement estimate impact breakfast classroom bic program school breakfast program participation school attendance academic achievement quasiexperimental study included sample 446 public elementary schools large urban us school district served predominantly lowincome racialethnic minority students total 257 schools 576 implemented bic program 20122013 academic year whereas 189 424 school gradelevel data 20122013 gradelevel achievement data prior year collected school district records across elementary schools hypotheses bic program would improve school breakfast participation school level school attendance grade level kindergarten sixth grade academic achievement grade level second sixth grades tested using propensity score weights adjust demographic differences bic nonbic schools bic program linked increased breakfast participation academic year f1041413690 p001 mean participation rates 737 bic group vs 429 nonbic group bic program also linked greater overall school attendance rates 955 vs 953 nonbic group f12772840 p 004 performing attendance analyses subset grade levels achievement data available results mostly consistent although group time interaction f101891194 p04 differences least squares means bic vs nonbic groups reach statistical significance every month group differences standardized test performance math 579 bic group vs 574 nonbic group f11890041 p52 reading 449 bic group vs 447 nonbic group f11890015 p70 findings add evidence bic increase school breakfast participation substantially suggest potential improve overall school attendance rates additional research needed explore generalizability findings potential impacts achievement longer periods additional outcomes weight status