Cindy Schmidt, Joseph Eickmeyer, Meghan Henningsen, Alex Weber, Amanda Pleimann, Seth Koehler
Medical students' personal experiences, religion, and spirituality explain their (dis)comfort with a patient's religious needs
Canadian medical education journal
intellectual disability id characterized deficits intellectual functions reasoning problemsolving planning abstract thinking judgment learning new avenues emerging treatment genetically determined id downs syndrome fragile x syndrome necessary identify objective reliable sensitive outcome measures use clinical trials developed novel visual analogical reasoning paradigm inspired progressive ravens matrices appropriate intellectually disabled patients new paradigm assesses reasoning inhibition abilities id patients performed behavioural analyses task reaction time error rate analysis study 1 96 healthy controls adults typically developed children older 4 41 genetically determined id patients fragile x syndrome syndrome arx mutated patients order establish quantify cognitive strategies used solve task also performed eyetracking analysis study 2 syndrome arx fragile x patients significantly slower made significantly errors chronological agematched healthy controls effect inhibition error rate greater matrix complexity effect id patients opposite findings adult healthy controls interestingly id patients impaired inhibition mental agematched healthy controls matrix complexity eyetracking analysis made possible identify strategy used participants solve task adult healthy controls used matrixbased strategy whereas id patients used responsebased strategy furthermore etiologicspecific reasoning differences evidenced id patients groups suggest paradigm appropriate id patients developmental populations well adult healthy controls provides objective quantitative assessment visual analogical reasoning cognitive inhibition enabling testing effect pharmacological behavioural intervention specific populations