Laura M Winchester, John Powell, Simon Lovestone, Alejo J Nevado-Holgado
Red blood cell indices and anaemia as causative factors for cognitive function deficits and for Alzheimer's disease
Genome medicine
introduction autism spectrum disorder asd neurological developmental disorder poses challenges social communication behavior particularly affecting social functioning individuals asd face significant social challenges including difficulty understanding social cues body language limited ability engage reciprocal social interactions challenges establishing empathy preference routines repetitive behaviors limits ability adapt new unexpected social situations problems tend escalate adolescence often cause distress individual well caregivers groupbased social skills interventions gssis widely used effective modality addressing core social impairments children autism study aims assess impact gssi broad age group eight 15 years involving parents enhance transferability childrens social skills methods singlearm interventional study 30 verbal autistic children aged eight 15 years intelligence quotient iq 70 enrolled utilizing binet kamat test intelligence bkt assess iq indian scale assessment autism isaa grade severity autism children received gssi interdisciplinary therapists 12 sessions weekly basis lasting 90 minutes period three months therapy session parents received summaries session delegated reinforcing homework assignments enable generalization maintenance skills taught outcome measures taken three points time utilizing social communication questionnaire scq parentrated social responsiveness scale 2 psrs2 t1 pretherapy time enrolment t2 immediately posttherapy end three months training t3 longterm followup three months end training results mean scq scores follows t1 2187 t2 1857 t3 1857 p 0000 progressive decline t1 t2 t3 indicated decreasing trend severity difficulties social communication domain mean psrs2 scores follows t1 7300 t2 6457 t3 6430 p 00001 declining trend t1 t2 t3 suggested statistically significant decrease severity difficulties faced various social aspects tested psrs2 ie social awareness social cognition social communication social motivation along reduction restricted interests repetitive behaviors rrbs strong correlation coefficients obtained scq scores t1t2 0921 t1t3 0921 t2t3 1000 well psrs2 scores t1t2 0743 t1t3 0746 t2t3 0989 reinforced statistical significance data conclusion gssi effective parentassisted intervention adolescents asd effects lasting three months postintervention