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united nations millennium development goals sustainable development goals underscore critical need reduce underfive mortality rate globally china made remarkable progress decreasing mortality rate children five study aims examine trends child mortality rates 2002 2022 causes deaths among neonates infants children 5 years age 2013 2022 huangshi data resource supported provided huangshi health commission huangshi maternal child health hospital huangshi statistics bureau figures drawn using origin 2021 mortality rate among children 5 years old significantly decreased 2138 per 1000 live births 2002 353 per 1000 live births 2022 infant mortality rate also saw significant decline 1506 per 1000 live births among 1929 recorded child deaths 2013 2022 top three causes f2 disorders related short gestation low birth weight accounting 1726 333 deaths i1 accidental drowning submersion 1483 286 deaths i3 accidental threats breathing 1229 237 deaths 1929 deaths 1117 male children representing 5791 gender disparity under5 mortality rate u5mr calculated 138 boys girls leading causes death age five shifted f2 disorders related short gestation low birth weight i1 accidental drowning submersion children aged highlighting need policymakers parents intensify care vigilance children huangshi achieved significant progress lowering child mortality rates past two decades study calls policymakers enact effective measures reduce mortality rate among children 5 years age huangshi furthermore advises parents dedicate time effort supervising nurturing children promoting safer healthier development