Chris Lonsdale, Taren Sanders, Philip Parker, Michael Noetel, Timothy Hartwig, Diego Vasconcellos, Jane Lee, Devan Antczak, Morwenna Kirwan, Philip Morgan, Jo Salmon, Marj Moodie, Heather McKay, Andrew Bennie, Ronald C Plotnikoff, Renata Cinelli, David Greene, Louisa Peralta, Dylan Cliff, Gregory Kolt, Jennifer Gore, Lan Gao, James Boyer, Ross Morrison, Charles Hillman, Tatsuya T Shigeta, Elise Tan, David R Lubans
Effect of a Scalable School-Based Intervention on Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Children: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial
JAMA pediatrics
prior research bystander responses hate speech utilized variablecentered analyses approaches risk simplifying complex nature bystander behaviors hence present study used personcentered analysis investigate latent hate speech bystander profiles addition individual classroomlevel correlates associated various profiles studied sample included 3225 students grades 79 517 selfidentified female 372 immigrant background 215 classrooms germany switzerland latent profile analysis revealed four distinct profiles could distinguished passive bystanders 342 defenders 473 revengers 98 contributors 86 multilevel logistic regression models showed common distinct correlates example students believed certain social groups superior likely revengers contributors passive bystanders students felt connected teachers likely defenders students open diversity less likely contributors passive bystanders students less likely defenders likely revengers contributors passive bystanders classrooms high rates hate speech perpetration classrooms high hate speech intervention students likely defenders less likely contributors passive bystanders classrooms stronger cohesion students likely defenders less likely contributors passive bystanders conclusion findings add understanding bystander profiles concerning racist hate speech relevance individual classroomlevel factors explaining various profiles bystander behavior