Shaherah Yousef Andargeery, Sally Mohammed Farghaly Abdelaliem
Assessing the relationship between ethical reasoning confidence and self-esteem among female nursing students for enhancing the quality of work life: A cross-sectional study
Medicine
parents may use screen exposure screen exposure combined feeding infants toddlers alleviate stress evaluate association individual contextual stressors child screen exposure cse cse combined feeding csef children aged 7 18 months measured parentreported use variation quantity cse csef crosssectional populationbased study drew parentchild participants target kids network primary health care research settings throughout toronto ontario canada november 1 2011 july 31 2018 included children aged 7 18 months exclusion criteria health conditions affecting growth acute conditions chronic conditions severe developmental delay families unable communicate english language data analyzed april 1 2019 july 31 2019 parenting stress child age child negative affectivity family living arrangements family income assessed parentcompleted questionnaires primary outcome cse variation cse represented amount background engaged use screens television videos dvds video games computers mobile devices typical week secondary outcome csef represented frequency breakfast lunch dinner snack consumption screen exposure typical week cse csef assessed parentcompleted nutrition health questionnaire infant behavior questionnaire revised short parenting stress index short form final sample size 1085 children analysis cse 1083 children analysis csef among 914 respondents childrens mean sd age 116 23 months 478 523 male among 910 respondents 839 922 mothers mean sd age among 873 respondents 344 42 years typical week 581 779 children 746 reported cse 321 874 children 367 csef higher parenting stress levels odds ratio 101 95 ci 100102 p 04 older child age 143 95 ci 101203 p 04 associated cse higher parenting stress levels incidence rate ir 100 95 ci 100101 p 002 lower household income ir 126 95 ci 110145 p 01 associated increased cse older child age 179 95 ci 135238 p 001 lower household income 254 95 ci 172374 p 001 associated csef lower household income ir 121 95 ci 103142 p 02 associated increased csef study found parenting stress income child age associated cse child age household income associated csef given findings interventions improve parental coping mechanisms may decrease child screen exposure