Steve Strand, Ian J Deary, Pauline Smith
Sex differences in cognitive abilities test scores: a UK national picture
The British journal of educational psychology
land subsidence risk assessment lsra multiattribute decision analysis mada problem often characterized quantitative qualitative attributes various types uncertainty therefore problem needs modeled analyzed using methods handle uncertainty article propose integrated assessment model based evidential reasoning er algorithm fuzzy set theory assessment model structured hierarchical framework regards land subsidence risk composite two key factors hazard vulnerability factors described set basic indicators defined assessment grades attributes transforming numerical data subjective judgments belief structure factorlevel attributes hazard vulnerability combined using er algorithm based information belief structure calculated dempstershafer ds theory distributed fuzzy belief structure calculated fuzzy set theory results combined algorithms yield distributed assessment grade matrices application model xixichengnan area china illustrates usefulness validity lsra model utilizes combination types evidence including assessment informationquantitative qualitative complete incomplete precise impreciseto provide assessment grades define risk assessment basis hazard vulnerability results enable risk managers apply different risk prevention measures mitigation planning based calculated risk states