Michelle D Miranda
The trace in the technique: Forensic science and the Connoisseur's gaze
Forensic science international. Synergy
past research demonstrated young children nonhuman animals able reason elimination b relying visual cues seeing one container empty research shown young children solve similar simple inferential reasoning tasks emptiness conveyed verbally negation eg toy box however unclear whether tasks involved reasoning disjunctive syllogism requires representation logical negation disjunction b simpler nondeductive strategies study 1 extended work investigating whether 2yearolds infer location toy typical twolocation elimination trials given affirmative negative sentences complex threelocation trials information emptiness conveyed verbally visually younger 2yearolds performed significantly better search task hearing affirmative negative sentences whereas older 2yearolds equally successful types sentences study 2 examined childrens ability use verbal negation solve complex deductive task involving disjunctive syllogism results showed linguistic version disjunctive reasoning task 25 3yearolds made accurate inferences location reward unlike prior nonlinguistic evidence demonstrated ability 3yearolds younger children conclude end second year life children robust understanding negation apply abstract reasoning