Michael J. Kieffer
Socioeconomic Status, English Proficiency, and Late-Emerging Reading Difficulties
educators growing concerns students learn read proficiently third grade fall behind later grades study investigates prevalence lateemerging reading difficulties among english language learners ells native english speakers diverse socioeconomic backgrounds using longitudinal data nationally representative sample us students results indicate substantial proportions groups develop difficulties upper elementary middle school grades ells students low socioeconomic backgrounds significantly elevated risk lateemerging difficulties ells nonells similar socioeconomic backgrounds similar risk