Soyang Kwon, Sarah Welch, Maryann Mason
Physical education environment and student physical activity levels in low-income communities
BMC public health
examine elementary school students moderatetovigorous physical activity mvpa levels physical education pe lessons systematic search nine electronic databases conducted prospero2014crd42014009649 studies eligible english published 2005april 2014 assessed mvpa levels pe lessons elementary school children aged four12years used objective mvpa measure two reviewers retrieved articles assessed risk bias performed data extraction findings synthesised using metaanalysis search yielded 5132 articles thirteen studies nine countries met inclusion criteria eight studies measured mvpa observational measures five used accelerometry one used heart rate monitoring percentage pe lesson time spent mvpa ranged 114885 metaanalysis seven studies 4 direct observations 4 accelerometers found children spent mean 95 ci 448 282614 pe lesson time mvpa measured using direct observation accelerometers children spent 576 473682 326 59593 pe lesson time mvpa respectively review limitations search strategy restricted studies english theses dissertations conference abstracts excluded six studies provided insufficient data excluded metaanalysis mvpa levels elementary school pe lessons meet united states centre disease control prevention united kingdoms association physical education recommendation 50 lesson time higher estimated previous review 342 interventions increase mvpa pe lessons needed