Yemane Mengsteab Hagos, Gebrehiwet Tesfay Yalew, Hadush Negash Meles, Ephrem Tsegay, Mulu Lemelem, Araya Gebreyesus Wasihun
Hepatitis B and C viral coinfection and associated factors among HIV-positive patients attending ART clinics of Afar regional state, northeast Ethiopia
PloS one
deaths despair dod socially patterned causes death encompassing drug alcohol misuse suicide dods strongly associated socioeconomic disadvantage england high levels inequalities hypothesised existence marked geographical variations dod aimed yield new knowledge spatial distribution dod arealevel socioeconomic factors predict dod risk england observational study conducted using icd10 coded deaths 307 local authorities england 201921 deaths grouped nonoverlapping categories drugrelated death alcoholspecific death suicide mean contributions causes total number dod england calculated poisson exact confidence intervals standardised mortality ratios smrs dod generated local authority population multivariable regression model dod risk developed using 25 socioeconomic variables estimated 46 200 people lost lives due dod jan 1 2019 dec 31 2021 regional smrs ranged 574 sd 161 london 1441 sd 268 northeast england p00001 alcoholspecific deaths largest contributor dod accounting 441 dod 95 ci 435448 followed drugrelated death 281 277286 suicide 277 272282 living north living alone white british ethnicity lower inward migration economic inactivity income deprivation older people employment elementary occupations unemployment education deprivation adults significantly associated higher dod rates england dod england spatially patterned northern regions experiencing considerably higher burden mortality avoidable causes key limitation ecological bias study provides novel insights arealevel risk factors dod england national institute health care research nihr applied research collaboration greater manchester arcgm