A Datar, R Sturm
Childhood overweight and elementary school outcomes
International journal of obesity (2005)
current paper considers children spend time statefunded prekindergarten programs time use relates ethnicity gender family income based assumption time spent prekindergarten relevant programs success narrowing achievement gaps classroom observations 2061 children 652 prek programs 11 states analyzed findings indicated prekindergarten day roughly equally divided among free choice teacherassigned activities mealsroutines children spent much time languageliteracy social studies art less time math gross motor activities much prek day spent coded learning activity children classes lower proportions latino african american children higher average incometoneed ratios generally engaged richer stimulating experiences childlevel variables ethnicity income generally unrelated children spent time beyond effects classroomlevel ethnicity income generally small significant gender differences always genderstereotyped direction time spent especially free choice time