Jay G. Rueckl|Pedro M. Paz?Alonso|Peter J. Molfese|Wen Jui Kuo|Atira Bick|Stephen J. Frost|Roeland Hancock|Dazhong Wu|W. Einar Mencl|Jon Andoni Duñabeitia|Jun Ren Lee|Myriam Oliver|Jason D. Zevin|Fumiko Hoeft|Manuel Carreiras|Ovid J.L. Tzeng|Kenneth R. Pugh|Ram Frost
Universal brain signature of proficient reading: Evidence from four contrasting languages
Haskins Laboratories|University of Connecticut|Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language|Haskins Laboratories|University of Connecticut|National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University|Hebrew University of Jerusalem|Haskins Laboratories|University of California, San Francisco|National Central University|Haskins Laboratories|Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language|National Taiwan Normal University|Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language|Haskins Laboratories|University of Southern California|Haskins Laboratories|University of California, San Francisco|Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language|Ikerbasque|National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University|Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica|Taipei Medical University|Haskins Laboratories|University of Connecticut|Yale University|Haskins Laboratories|Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language|Hebrew University of Jerusalem
propose test theoretical perspective universal hallmark successful literacy acquisition convergence speech orthographic processing systems onto common network neural structures regardless spoken words represented orthographically writing system functional mri skilled adult readers four distinct highly contrasting languages spanish english hebrew chinese performed identical semantic categorization task spoken written words results three complementary analytic approaches demonstrate limited language variation speechprint convergence emerging common brain signature reading proficiency across wide spectrum selected languages whether writing system alphabetic logographic whether opaque transparent regardless phonological morphological structure represents