Brendon Ferrier, Jim Lee, Alex Mbuli, Daniel A James
Translational Applications of Wearable Sensors in Education: Implementation and Efficacy
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
study analyzed gender differences achievement emotions domain mathematics based pekruns 2000 2006 controlvalue theory achievement emotions hypothesized gender differences mathematics emotions due students different levels control value beliefs mathematics even controlling prior achievement structural relationships prior achievement control value beliefs emotions assumed invariant across girls boys spite hypothesized mean level differences beliefs emotions across genders emotions beliefs 1036 male 1017 female 5th grade students assessed selfreport measures prior mathematics achievement assessed academic grades even though girls boys received similar grades mathematics girls reported significantly less enjoyment pride boys anxiety hopelessness shame findings suggested female emotional pattern due girls low competence beliefs domain value mathematics combined high subjective values achievement mathematics multiplegroup comparisons confirmed structural relationships variables largely invariant across genders