Alfredo J. Artiles|Elizabeth B. Kozleski|Stanley C. Trent|David Osher|Alba A. Ortiz
Justifying and Explaining Disproportionality, 1968–2008: A Critique of Underlying Views of Culture
Arizona State University|Arizona State University|University of Virginia|American Institutes for Research|The University of Texas at Austin
special education made considerable advances research policy practice short history however students historically underserved groups continue disproportionately identified requiring special education support colorblind practices policies justify racial disproportionality special education signal retrenchment deficit views students historically underserved groups respond emerging concerns analysis arguments justify disproportionality also identify explanations problem critique views culture underlie explanations conclude brief discussion implications future directions