George Holmes|Jonathan Carruthers?Jones|Graham Huggan|Eveline R. de Smalen|Katie Ritson|Pavla Šimková
Mainstreaming the humanities in conservation
University of Leeds|University of Leeds|University of Leeds|Rachel Carson Center for Environment and Society|Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München|Rachel Carson Center for Environment and Society|Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München|Rachel Carson Center for Environment and Society|Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
conservation biologyearly view diversityopen access mainstreaming humanities conservation george holmes corresponding author george holmes gholmesleedsacuk orcidorg0000000253935753 school earth environment university leeds leeds uk correspondence george holmes school earth environment university leeds leeds ls2 9jt uk email gholmesleedsacuksearch papers authorjonathan carruthersjones jonathan carruthersjones orcidorg0000000203122455 school english university leeds leeds uksearch papers authorgraham huggan graham huggan orcidorg0000000233751033 school english university leeds leeds uksearch papers authoreveline r de smalen eveline r de smalen rachel carson center environment society lmu munich munich germanysearch papers authorkatie ritson katie ritson orcidorg0000000206658597 rachel carson center environment society lmu munich munich germanysearch papers authorpavla imkov pavla imkov rachel carson center environment society lmu munich munich germanysearch papers author george holmes corresponding author george holmes gholmesleedsacuk orcidorg0000000253935753 school earth environment university leeds leeds uk correspondence george holmes school earth environment university leeds leeds ls2 9jt uk email gholmesleedsacuksearch papers authorjonathan carruthersjones jonathan carruthersjones orcidorg0000000203122455 school english university leeds leeds uksearch papers authorgraham huggan graham huggan orcidorg0000000233751033 school english university leeds leeds uksearch papers authoreveline r de smalen eveline r de smalen rachel carson center environment society lmu munich munich germanysearch papers authorkatie ritson katie ritson orcidorg0000000206658597 rachel carson center environment society lmu munich munich germanysearch papers authorpavla imkov pavla imkov rachel carson center environment society lmu munich munich germanysearch papers author first published 23 august 2021 httpsdoiorg101111cobi13824 article impact statement including humanities research alongside natural social science make conservation fairer effective aboutsectionspdf toolsrequest permissionexport citationadd favoritestrack citation shareshare give accessshare full text accessshare fulltext accessplease review terms conditions use check box share fulltext version articlei read accept wiley online library terms conditions useshareable linkuse link share fulltext version article friends colleagues learn morecopy url share linkshare onfacebooktwitterlinked inredditwechat environment humanities subject anthropogenic biodiversity loss definition human social issue understanding humans societies essential part mitigating biodiversity loss conservation must engage relevant knowledge recent years push mainstream social sciences conservation science practice policy counterpoint perceived dominance natural sciences bennett et al 2017 driven growing recognition natural sciences alone insufficient address conservation problems conservation biology become increasingly diverse everwidening range interdisciplinary approaches reflected academic journals scholarly institutions scientific societies conservation organizations well grounded conservation work yet conservation fully think like human adams 2007a necessary step solving conservation problemsit must become interdisciplinary still integrating environmental humanities conservation education science practice environmental humanities emerged recent decades broad interdisciplinary movement geared toward understanding relationship society nonhuman environment key questions revolve around language meaning history culture value ethicsfoundational areas humanities research recognizes knowledge inseparable human subjectivity current future social ecological needs best served greater understanding culture values small 2013 movement based concepts methods although also drawing traditional sciencebased disciplines primarily derived humanities disciplines literary cultural studies history philosophy religious studies emmett nye 2017 time environmental humanities shows humanities research human beings even likely interrogate human arrogance celebrate human achievement question idea human rose et al 2012 although humanities scholarship human broad sometimes encompassing subjects directly related conservation domestic animals puts interactions nonhuman species natural environments humans particularly ethics relationships center approach recent examples include work multispecies ethnography kirksey 2014 humananimal studies marvin 2019 postcolonial ecocriticism huggan tiffin 2015 environmental humanities produced sizeable body relevant work journals conferences research centers degrees yet still largely unintegrated conservation although offers unique useful insights perspectives defining conservation humanities consider conservation humanities emergent subsection environmental humanities focuses biodiversity loss efforts address studies efforts humanistic ideas methods provides insights questions human culture values history behavior including conservationists upon seek act following sandbrook et als 2013 crude useful distinction social science conservation humanities scholarship encompasses pure research conservation studying conservation social cultural phenomenon eg drayton 2005 applied research conservation aiming contribute conservations normative mission address biodiversity loss providing detailed understanding humanitys interactions nature illuminating possibilities improvement szab hdl 2011 like broader environmental humanities conservation humanities incorporates many disciplines methods sources data literary media scholars considered nature biodiversity loss represented fiction nature writing nature broadcasting analyzed stories conservationists others tell natural world investigated narratives turn shaped biodiversity loss conservation actions huggan 2013 historians used written sources oral histories explore human actions time influenced biodiversity changes biodiversity reshaped human society culture rotherham 2014 also charted history conservation movement particularly influence key drivers change imperialism scientific progress economic transformation drayton 2005 gissibl 2016 cultural anthropologists human geographers operating fuzzy boundary humanities social science undertaken similar research contemporary cases west 2006 often drawing marginalized modes knowledge understanding indigenous perspectives philosophers examined key concepts ethical principles underpinning conservation science identifying ways humans nonhumans live convivially haraway 2008 despite work conservationrelated topics within university humanities departments approaches rarely integrated conservation science efforts ethicists religious scholars philosophers historians particular publish conservation journals work within conservation structures iucn task forces scb working groups without necessarily making claims humanities disciplines broadly eg pooley 2014 szab hdl 2011 humanities approaches literary media studies largely absent present conservationists humanities training sandbrook et als 2019 global survey 9264 conservationists found 3 respondents reporting trained humanities compared 60 reported training natural sciences conservation degrees focus overwhelmingly biological sciences despite longstanding calls greater interdisciplinarity gardner 2020 moreover conservationists natural scientists rarely contributed environmental humanities journals conferences emerged recent decades indictment environmental humanities mainstream conservation science despite volume quality respective work shared interests two worlds exist largely parallel goes policy action humanities scholars slow engage work direct policy relevance remain underrepresented global conservation structures ipbes despite calls greater inclusion turnhout et al 2012 vadrot et al 2016 humanities contribution conservation view engaging humanities make conservation scienceand practicebetter vice versa bringing new questions methods ways thinking may make comfortable easy conversations given humanities research capacity tendency challenge key concepts unspoken assumptions shibboleths conservation admittedly potential difficulties use different forms data evidence humanities particularly qualitative methods strongly grounded specific times places rather generalizable quantitative research many natural scientists aspire following experience social scientists humanities researchers may also find critical exploration assumptions underpinning global conservation movement especially surrounding controversial practices topics ends generating frustration alongside insight redford 2011 humanities scholars need willing step discipline engage sufficient scientific literacy humility rather critiquing high afar recognize diversity disciplines views already extant within conservation recent critical work relevance conservation science accommodates capacious topics extinction van dooren 2014 landscape ingold 2020 ex situ conservation braverman 2015 politics nature wildlife conservation lorimer 2015 role emotions wildlife conservation jrgensen 2019 cultural representations wildlife influence emotions weik von mossner 2014 meaning value biodiversity garson 2019 course topics new conservation biology humanities disciplines tend examine differently placing particular emphasis meanings carry histories built often unacknowledged attitudes underpinning provide example current work corridor talk project httpsconservationhumanitiescom examines european national parks situated national borders interested role parks play local perceptions place identity human animal movements exploring conservation refracted multiple languages cultures work covers established conservation topics humanwildlife interactions invasive species wildness ecological corridors connectivity uses different theories methods typically deployed natural scientist colleagues emphasize questions belongs humans nonhumans places within outside protected area boundaries social ecological processes legitimate different conservation futures places enabled constrained political cultural context currently located use textbased approaches explore geomorphology ecology parks represented writings images representations shaped decisions made conservation use historical documents explore problem species parks understood classified different places periods practical consequences use visual ethnography explore humans animals move parks leads conflict coexistence whether participatory video provide new solutions longstanding humanwildlife conflicts approaches challenge conservationists engage afresh way protected landscapes inhabitants valued imagined conservation humanities approach also draw attention perspectives marginalized silenced neglected potential enrich conservation debates extensive humanities social sciences work topics indigenous peoples colonialism essential part efforts create representative inclusive conservation movement adams mulligan 2002 work humanities scholars cultural institutions often work museums conduit bringing voices marginalized conversation white male western natural scientists tend dominate conservation discourse chambers 2017 sandbrook et al 2019 integrating humanities ensure conservation research focuses truth seeking also informs facilitates dialogues plural values visions related conserve thus help conservation aim agonistic pluralism rather illusory consensus matulis moyer 2017 although conservation overall diverse divided sandbrook et al 2019 statistically significant differences views values conservationists related disciplinary training integrating humanities route toward greater diversity conservation come rethink conservation todaywhat conservation aims best go itit seems incumbent us draw natural social sciences also insights provided humanities disciplines conservation projects truly interdisciplinary embedding humanities insights start integral part process rather adding end solely facilitate communication models kind work elsewhere fields environmental justice river management mould et al 2018 humanities integrated research practice leading reflective better science effective equitable solutions society conservation biology consider humanities culture working group sit alongside existing social science working group advocate facilitate strengthen humanities training research conservation application conservation practice calls incorporate humanities research conservation bodies decisionmaking structures may new need heeding ever acknowledgments work undertaken part research project corridor talk conservation humanities future europes national parks funded jointly arts humanities research council uk deutsche forschungsgemeinschaft germany literature cited adams w mulligan 2002 decolonizing nature strategies conservation postcolonial era oxford routledge google scholar adams w 2007 thinking like human 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