Morgan S Bowling, Meizhen Yao, Natale Mazzaferro, Patricia Greenberg, Ellen George, Adam Sivitz, Cena Tejani
Long-Acting Reversible Contraception Knowledge Among Female Adolescents Presenting to a Pediatric Emergency Department
Pediatric emergency care
number processing abilities important academic personal development course initial specialization ventral occipitotemporal cortex votc sensitivity visual number processing crucial acquisition numeric arithmetic skills examined visual n1 electrophysiological correlate votc activation across five time points kindergarten t1 mean age 660 years middle end first grade t2 738 years t3 768 years second grade t4 828 years fifth grade t5 1140 years combination crosssectional longitudinal eeg data total 62 children 35 female varying familial risk dyslexia available form groups 23 22 27 27 42 participants five time points children performed target detection task included visual presentation single digits dig false fonts ff letters let derive measures coarse dig vs ff fine dig vs let digit sensitive processing across development n1 amplitude analyses indicated coarse fine sensitivity characterized stronger n1 digits false fonts across five time points stronger n1 digits letters second t2 time point addition lower arithmetic skills associated stronger coarse n1 digit sensitivity left hemisphere second grade t4 possibly reflecting allocation attentional resources stronger reliance verbal system children poorer arithmetic skills summarize results show persistent visual n1 sensitivity digits already present early preschool remains stable fifth grade pattern digit sensitivity development clearly differs relatively sharp rise fall visual n1 sensitivity words letters kindergarten middle elementary school suggests unique developmental trajectories visual processing written characters relevant numeracy literacy