Fulvio Castellacci|Daniele Archibugi
The technology clubs: The distribution of knowledge across nations
Norwegian Institute of International Affairs|Italian Resuscitation Council|National Research Council|Birkbeck, University of London
convergence clubs literature applied growth theory suggests countries differ terms structural characteristics initial conditions tend experience diverging growth performances role technological knowledge formation clubs paper investigates unexplored question carrying empirical study crosscountry distribution knowledge large sample developed developing economies 1990s results indicate existence three technology clubs characterized markedly different levels development clubs also differ respect dynamics capabilities decade advanced group intermediate one found much dynamic large cluster less developed economies