Olubukola A Wellington
Investigating fertility health knowledge and lifestyle risk factors among Nigerian university students: A cross-sectional survey
International journal of adolescent medicine and health
background social identity theory proposes people define terms social groups belong aspire belong tobacco smoking alcohol use men hypothesized symbolic adult male status current study examines whether adolescent personality characteristics linked masculinity nonconformity associated tobacco smoking alcohol misuse men methods analysis based results crosssectional study conducted 2018 stratified random sample 703 adult male residents warsaw poland elementary secondaryschool education survey data collected paperandpencil questionnaire path model employed examine direct indirect effects adolescent characteristics tobacco smoking alcohol consumption results according path model retrospective perceptions selfreported character strength rebellion unjustified prohibitions rules ease making decisions willingness differ others interest opposite gender adolescence significant direct effect tobacco smoking adolescence significant indirect effect tobacco smoking adulthood variables representing character strength rebellion unjustified prohibitions rules ease making decisions interest opposite gender adolescence also showed significant direct effect alcohol use adolescence conclusion masculinity nonconformity related addictive behaviors men might health policy implications paper associating traditional masculinity health orientation society proposed possible preventive intervention