Emily Hannum|Yuping Zhang
Poverty and Proximate Barriers to Learning: Vision Deficiencies, Vision Correction and Educational Outcomes in Rural Northwest China
California University of Pennsylvania|Lehigh University
uncorrected vision may present significant barrier educational mobility poor communities low middle income countries focusing case rural northwest china analyze gansu survey children families 2000 children 100 rural villages gansu vision intervention project randomized trial 19185 students 165 schools two counties four main findings emerge significant unmet need vision correction socioeconomic gradients vision correction somewhat greater vulnerability vision problems among higher socioeconomic status academically engaged children significant favorable effects vision correction math literacy performance class failure