Masoumeh Faghih, Mohammad Hossein Kaveh, Mahin Nazari, Khadijeh Khademi, Jafar Hasanzadeh
Effect of health belief model-based training and social support on the physical activity of overweight middle-aged women: a randomized controlled trial
Frontiers in public health
birth 39 weeks gestation common thought safe mother neonate however findings longterm outcomes children born gestational age conflicting evaluate association birth 39 weeks gestation childhood numeracy literacy scores ages 7 9 years compared birth 40 42 weeks gestation australian statewide populationbased cohort study using causal inference framework based target trial emulation perinatal data births january 1 2005 december 31 2011 linked educational outcomes 7 9 years age statistical analyses performed december 2022 june 2023 birth 39 weeks gestation compared birth 40 42 weeks gestation numeracy literacy outcomes assessed 7 9 years age using australian national assessment programliteracy numeracy data defined overall z score across 5 domains grammar punctuation reading writing spelling numeracy multiple imputation doubly robust inverse probability weighted regression adjustment used estimate population average causal effects study population included 155 575 children children 49 456 318 24 952 boys 505 born 39 weeks gestation compared 106 119 682 52 083 boys 491 born 40 42 weeks gestation birth 39 weeks gestation associated altered educational outcomes children aged 7 9 years compared peers born 40 42 weeks gestation mean se z score 00008 00019 vs 00031 00038 adjusted risk difference 0004 95 ci 0015 0007 educational domain investigated significant difference found grammar punctuation risk difference rd 0006 95 ci 0016 0005 numeracy rd 0009 95 ci 0020 0001 spelling rd 0001 95 ci 0011 00013 reading rd 0008 95 ci 0019 0003 writing rd 0006 95 ci 0005 0016 scores children born 39 weeks gestation compared born 40 42 weeks gestation birth 39 weeks gestation also increase risk scoring national minimum standards 5 tested domains using data statewide linkage study emulate results target randomized clinical trial study suggests evidence association birth 39 weeks gestation numeracy literacy outcomes children aged 7 9 years