Bárbara Oliveira, Manuel Bicho, Ana Valente
Development and Implementation of a Nutritional Education Program Aimed at Improving the Integration Process of Young Orphan Refugees Newly Arrived in Portugal
Nutrients
aim systematic review synthesize research completed 2011 2021 report current state science use standardized patients sps teach communication skills research question guided study among health care professionals use sp methodology means teaching communication skills result improved learner knowledge skills attitudes andor patient outcomes compared simulation methodologies review reported line preferred reporting items systematic reviews metaanalyses prismadata sourcesfour databases cinahl ovid embase ovid medline scopus searched using combination medical subject headings mesh terms well keywords retrieve nonindexed citationsreview methodsthe inclusion criteria broad complete comprehensive search literature eligible inclusion study original research compared simulation using sp another simulation methodology study evaluate communication knowledge skill attitude andor patient outcome academic practicing health care professional initial database search strategy yielded 8058 citations results narrowed 18 studies indepth analysis article using identified inclusion criteria sps superior role play 1 33 n 3 study knowledge evaluated 6 75 n 8 studies skills evaluated 1 20 n 5 study attitude evaluated sps compared manikin 5 studies sps superior manikin 3 60 n 5 studies knowledge measured 1 100 n 1 study attitude measured study measured outcome knowledge sp manikin finally sps compared virtual sp 3 studies knowledge evaluated sps superior virtual sp 1 study 100 n 1 skills evaluated sps superior virtual sp 1 study 50 n 2 attitude evaluated sps superior virtual sp study 0 n 2 study evaluated patient outcomes comparison sp another simulation methodology studies show weak indication spbased education superior simulation methodologies contexts however rigorous studies larger sample sizes validated instruments effects patient outcomes needed definitively determine optimal methodmodality teaching communication health care professionals