Jan H. Hulstijn
The construct of language proficiency in the study of bilingualism from a cognitive perspective
University of Amsterdam
article aims revitalizing debate concerning measurement language proficiency lp study bilingualism grosjean 1998 review presented way lp measured corpus 140 empirical papers published volumes 114 19982011 journal bilingualism language cognition 55 papers assessment lp independent moderating variable necessary preferred requirement lp measured objective lp test seldom participants lp scores used explaining variance obtained dependent variables discussion unresolved problems concerning crosslanguage comparisons lp bilinguals languages recommendations offered measurement lp one recommendations studies investigating betweengroup contrasts researchers carefully consider assessment participants proficiency languages concerned even nativespeaker comparison groups