Vassilia Hatzinikita|K Dimopoulos|Vasilia Christidou
PISA test items and school textbooks related to science: A textual comparison
Hellenic Open University|University of Peloponnese|University of Thessaly
abstract paper compares nature textual construction programme international student assessment pisa science test items greek school science textbooks nature determined interplay notions classification content specialization formality code specialization modulated linguistic visual expressive modes results relevant analysis showed textual materials employed pisa school textbooks oppositional nature specifically linguistic mode pisa items tends resemble texts falling within public domain nonspecialized content code corresponding visual mode tends resemble texts esoteric domain specialized content code thus familiarizing students specialized conventions ways representing entities falling within realm technoscientific knowledge hand school science textbooks tend employ linguistic visual mode exactly opposite way differences pisa science items school science textbooks could contribute disorientation students relation expected specific context disparity could potentially one factors explaining low level greek students attainment pisa 2008 wiley periodicals inc sci ed 92 664687 2008