Fatima Kyari|Tafida Abubakar|Sudhakar Selvaraj|G. V. S. Murthy|Tünde Pet?|Clare Gilbert
Prevalence and risk factors for diabetes and diabetic retinopathy: results from the Nigeria national blindness and visual impairment survey
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine|University of Aberdeen|London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine|University College London|Moorfields Eye Hospital|London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
nigeria urbanisation increasing life expectancy likely increase incidence noncommunicable diseases epidemic diabetes matures visual loss diabetic retinopathy dr increase unless mechanisms early detection treatment improve health systems respond growing burden noncommunicable diseasesa nationallyrepresentative populationbased sample 13591 participants aged 40 years selected multistagestratifiedclusterrandomsampling probabilityproportionaltosize procedures examined 305 clusters nigeria january 2005 june 2007 asked history diabetes underwent basic eye examination visual acuity va measured using logmar echart participants va612 andor dr detected underwent detailed eye examination including dilated retinal examination retinal photography systematic sampling 1in7 gave subsample n1759 examined detail regardless va random blood glucose rbg testing images graded moorfields eye hospital reading centre participants defined diabetes previously diagnosed rbg111mmoll dr data subsample used estimate prevalence analyse risk factors diabetes dr using multivariable logistic regression additional information types dr obtained participants subsamplein subsample 164 participants excluded due missing data 1595 analysed 521595 diabetes prevalence 33 95ci 2543 255248 know media opacity 852 precluded retinal examination 944205 dr higher prevalence diabetes associated urban residence odds ratio or187 overweightobesity or302443 respectively although statistically significant dr associated hypertension or349 rbg150mmoll or810 persons diabetes 3 times greater odds blindness 11832 participants study sample 17515 history diabetes 28 dr types dr total37 included 108 proliferative 514 macular oedemathe ageadjusted prevalence diabetes nigeria 325 95ci 250430 10 people diabetes aged 40 years sightthreateningdr data enable development better public health strategies control diabetes planning services dr prevent vision loss