Simone Fischer, Anja Kalch, Constanze Küchler, Aliscia Rebecca Albani, Helena Bilandzic, Dirk Horenkamp-Sonntag, Thomas M Berghaus, Christine Meisinger, Inge Kirchberger
Health literacy in patients with pulmonary embolism: development and validation of the HeLP (Health Literacy in Pulmonary Embolism)-Questionnaire
Frontiers in public health
growing number studies suggest frequency numeracy experiences parents provide home may relate childrens mathematical development however relation home numeracy practices childrens numerical skills complex might depend upon type difficulty activities well type math skills studies also argued relation may driven factors systematically controlled literature including socioeconomic status ses parental math skills childrens iq finally prior studies focused preschoolers remains unclear extent remains relation home numeracy environment math skills children elementary school present study tested extensive range math skills 66 8yearolds including nonsymbolic quantity processing symbolic number understanding transcoding counting mental arithmetic also asked parents complete questionnaire ses academic expectations academic attitudes numeracy practices provide home finally measured arithmetic fluency proxy parental math skills differences socioeconomic status parental arithmetic fluency childs iq time spent child found positive relation frequency formal numeracy practices grade level two separate measures mental arithmetic found frequency advanced formal numeracy practices related parents academic expectations therefore study shows home numeracy experiences predict arithmetic skills elementary school children activities formal sufficiently challenging children