Paul L. Morgan|George Farkas|Marianne M. Hillemeier|Steve Maczuga
Risk Factors for Learning-Related Behavior Problems at 24 Months of Age: Population-Based Estimates
Pennsylvania State University|University of California, Irvine|Pennsylvania State University|Pennsylvania State University
used large sample singleton children estimate effects socioeconomic status ses raceethnicity gender additional sociodemographics gestational birth factors parenting childrens risk learningrelated behavior problems 24 months age investigated extent factors increased childs risk displaying inattention lack task persistence disinterest noncooperation frustration completed series cognitive physical tasks noncaregiver results indicated boys twice likely girls display learningrelated behavior problems children lower ses households twice likely high ses households display behavior problems largely attributable effects mother low educational level statistically controlling factors found consistently significant patterns elevated learningrelated behavior problems asian native american children results africanamerican children mixed hispanic children consistently elevated risks problem behaviors small portions effects explained variation childrens gestational birth characteristics significant portion still less half sociodemographic effects attributable measured features childrens parenting study helps provide populationbased estimates childrens risk learningrelated behavior problems age early interventions effective