Grant R. Tomkinson|K Carver|Frazer Atkinson|Nathan Daniell|Lucy Lewis|John S. Fitzgerald|Justin J. Lang|Francisco B. Ortega
European normative values for physical fitness in children and adolescents aged 9–17 years: results from 2 779 165 Eurofit performances representing 30 countries
University of North Dakota|University of North Dakota|University of North Dakota|University of South Australia|Flinders University|University of South Australia|University of North Dakota|Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario|Karolinska Institutet|Universidad de Granada
develop sexspecific agespecific normative values nine eurofit tests european children adolescents aged 917 yearsa systematic review undertaken identify papers explicitly reported descriptive results least one nine eurofit tests measuring balance muscular strength muscular endurance muscular power flexibility speed speedagility cardiorespiratory fitness crf children adolescents data included apparently healthy free known diseaseinjury children adolescents aged 917 years following harmonisation methodological variation appropriate pseudodata generated using monte carlo simulation populationweighted sexspecific agespecific normative centiles generated using lambda mu sigma lms method sexspecific agespecific differences expressed standardised differences means percentage children adolescents healthy crf estimated sexage levelnorms displayed tabulated centiles smoothed centile curves nine eurofit tests final dataset included 2 779 165 results children adolescents 30 european countries extracted 98 studies average 78 boys 95 ci 72 85 83 girls 95 ci 71 96 met standards healthy crf percentage meeting standards decreasing age boys performed substantially standardised differences 02 better girls muscular strength muscular power muscular endurance speedagility crf tests worse flexibility test physical fitness generally improved faster rate boys girls especially teenage yearsthis study provides largest geographically representative sexspecific agespecific european normative values children adolescents utility health fitness screening profiling monitoring surveillance