Diane M. Quinn|Michelle Williams|Francisco J. Quintana|Jennifer L. Gaskins|Nicole Overstreet|Alefiyah Z. Pishori|Valerie A. Earnshaw|Giselle K. Perez|Stephenie R. Chaudoir
Examining Effects of Anticipated Stigma, Centrality, Salience, Internalization, and Outness on Psychological Distress for People with Concealable Stigmatized Identities
University of Connecticut|University of Connecticut|University of Connecticut|University of Connecticut|Yale University|University of Connecticut|Yale University|University of Connecticut|College of the Holy Cross
understanding stigmatized identities contribute increased rates depression anxiety critical stigma reduction mental health treatment little research testing multiple aspects stigmatized identities simultaneously current study collected data diverse urban adult community sample people concealed stigmatized identity csi targeted 5 specific csis mental illness substance abuse experience domestic violence experience sexual assault experience childhood abuse shown put people risk increased psychological distress collected measures anticipation devalued others identity became known anticipated stigma level defining oneself stigmatized identity centrality frequency thinking identity salience extent agreement negative stereotypes identity internalized stigma extent people currently know identity outness results showed greater anticipated stigma greater identity salience lower levels outness uniquely significantly predicted variance increased psychological distress composite depression anxiety examining communalities differences across five identities found mean levels stigma variables differed across identities people substance abuse mental illness reporting greater anticipated internalized stigma however prediction pattern variables psychological distress similar across substance abuse mental illness domestic violence childhood abuse identities sexual assault understanding components stigmatized identities predict distress lead effective treatment people experiencing psychological distress