F C Setzer, J Li, A A Khan
The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Endodontics
Journal of dental research
fitness function value kind important information search process targeted according guidance fitness function value existing metaheuristic algorithms use fitness function value indicator compare current variables good bad use fitness function value search process address problem mathematical idea fitting introduced metaheuristic algorithm symmetric projection optimizer spo proposed solve numerical optimization engineering problems efficiently spo algorithm mainly utilizes new search mechanism symmetric projection search sp method sp method quickly completes fitting projection plane located symmetry two points finds minima projection plane according fitting result fitting using fitness function values allows sp find regions extreme values may exist quickly based sp method exploration exploitation strategies constructed respectively exploration strategy used find better regions exploitation strategy used optimize discovered regions continuously timing use two strategies designed spo algorithm converge faster avoiding falling local optima effectiveness spo algorithm extensively evaluated using seven test suites including cec2017 cec2019 cec2020 cec2022 also compared two sets 19 recent competitive algorithms statistical analyses performed using five metrics wilcoxon test friedman test variance finally practicality spo algorithm verified four typical engineering problems real spacecraft trajectory optimization problem results show spo algorithm find superior results 946 comparison tests promising alternative solving realworld problems