Melissa Kimber, Elizabeth Baker-Sullivan, Donna E Stewart, Meredith Vanstone
Improving Health Professional Recognition and Response to Child Maltreatment and Intimate Partner Violence: Protocol for Two Mixed Methods Pilot Randomized Controlled Trials
JMIR research protocols
study investigated cumulative impact persistent poverty dental caries among elementary schoolchildren japan data derived fourwave longitudinal data children public elementary schools adachi city tokyo japan 2015 2020 n4291 response rate 801838 poverty status defined annual household income jpy3 million material deprivation payment difficulties lifeline utilities assessed caregiver questionnaires children first second fourth sixth grades school dentists assessed dental caries estimated difference number primary permanent teeth incidences dental caries second sixth grade persistent poverty never experienced poverty targeted maximum likelihood estimation used consider baseline timevarying confounders children persistent poverty experienced dental caries mean 381 sd 373 children never experienced poverty mean 239 sd 327 controlling confounders persistent poverty significantly associated dental caries never poverty mean difference 154 95 ci 060 248 magnitude association greater poverty assessed first grade mean difference 075 95 ci 035 116 experience poverty four waves mean difference 069 95 ci 039 099 cumulative impact persistent poverty could larger poverty assessed single time point