Jantine L. Spilt|Jan N. Hughes|Jiun?Yu Wu|Oi?Man Kwok
Dynamics of Teacher–Student Relationships: Stability and Change Across Elementary School and the Influence on Children’s Academic Success
University of Amsterdam
study modeled teacherstudent relationship trajectories throughout elementary school predict gains achievement ethnicdiverse sample 657 academically atrisk students mean age 657 years sd 39 teacher reports warmth conflict collected grades 15 achievement tested grades 1 6 conflict lowstable normative lowincreasing highdeclining highstable trajectories found warmth highdeclining normative lowincreasing patterns found children early behavioral academic social risks underrepresented normative trajectory groups chronic conflict strongly associated underachievement rising conflict declining conflict coincided underachievement probability school failure increased function timing length time children exposed relational adversity