Claire Snyder|Katherine Clegg Smith|Bernhard Holzner|Yonaira M. Rivera|Elissa Bantug|Michael Brundage
Making a picture worth a thousand numbers: recommendations for graphically displaying patient-reported outcomes data
Johns Hopkins University|Innsbruck Medical University|Universität Innsbruck|Johns Hopkins University|Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center|Queen's University
patientreported outcomes pros promote patientcentered care multiple ways 1 using individual patients pro data inform hisher management 2 providing pro results comparative research studies patient educational materialsdecision aids 3 reporting pro results comparative research studies peerreviewed publications patients clinicians endorse value pro data however variations pro measures scored scaled data reported make interpretation challenging limit use clinical practice conducted modified delphi process develop stakeholderengaged evidencebased recommendations pro data display three applications promote understanding usethe consensus panel included cancer survivorscaregivers oncologists pro researchers applicationspecific endusers eg electronic health record vendors decision aid developers journal editors reviewed data display issues evidence base premeeting webinars surveyed participants initial perspectives informed discussions inperson meeting develop consensus statements statements ratified via postmeeting surveyissues addressed consensus statements relevant individual research data applications directionality whether higher scores betterworse conveying score meaning eg nonemildmoderatesevere issues specific individual patient data presentation included representation bar charts vs line graphs highlighting possibly concerning scores absolute change issues specific research study results presentation included handling normed data conveying statistically significant differences illustrating clinically important differences displaying proportions improvedstableworsenedthe recommendations aim optimize accurate meaningful interpretation pro data