Michael Grimm|Kenneth Harttgen|Stephan Klasen|Mark Misselhorn
A Human Development Index by Income Groups
Netherlands Institute for Social Research|University of Göttingen|University of Göttingen|University of Göttingen
one frequent critiques hdi take account inequality within countries suggest methodology allows compute three components overall hdi quintiles income distribution allows comparisons level human development poor nonpoor within across countries empirical illustration shows large discrepancies human development within countries especially africa discrepancies lower higher hdi weakly inequality income generally higher inequality education life expectancy