Shilna Azhuvalappil, Raghav Prasad, Pravin Sahadevan, Hitesh Pradhan, Pooja Rai, Jonas S Sundarakumar
Sex-specific differences in the association between APOE genotype and metabolic syndrome among middle-aged and older rural Indians
Metabolism open
depressive symptoms recognized risk factors cognitive impairment intricate underlying biological mechanisms explored link depressive symptoms cognitive impairment onset also assessed association influenced educational levels study included 5843 individuals aged 45 years comprising 27908 observations 2006 2020 based repeated measurements participant estimated association depressive symptoms cognitive impairment onset 2year followup using generalized estimating equations incidence rate 94 among individuals without depressive symptoms contrast rate 210 among individuals experiencing depressive symptoms odds ratio 95 confidence interval ci association depressive symptoms cognitive impairment onset overall sample 161 147176 association pronounced among individuals higher educational levels specifically 95 ci association depressive symptoms cognitive impairment highest among individuals college education 260 178381 association lowest among individuals elementary education levels 145 128163 findings highlight idea although individuals higher educational backgrounds exhibit diminished risk cognitive impairment detrimental impacts depressive symptoms cognitive performance particularly pronounced within group