Dorota Oszutowska-Mazurek, Jaroslaw Fastowicz, Przemyslaw Mazurek
The Associations between Knowledge and Behaviours Related to Touch Screens and Microbiological Threats among IT Students'
International journal of environmental research and public health
traditional understanding craniocervical alignment emphasizes specific anatomical landmarks however recent research challenged reliance forward head posture primary diagnostic criterion neck pain advanced relationship exists neck pain craniocervical alignment requires deeper exploration diverse postures movement patterns using advanced techniques clustering analysis aimed explore complex relationship craniocervical alignment neck pain categorize alignment patterns individuals nonspecific neck pain using kmeans algorithm study included 229 office workers nonspecific neck pain applied unsupervised machine learning techniques craniocervical angles cca rest protraction retraction measured using twodimensional video analysis neck pain severity assessed using northwick park neck pain questionnaire npq cca sitting upright comfortable position assessed evaluate resting cca average midpoints repeated protraction retraction measures considered midpoint cca kmeans algorithm helped categorize participants alignment clusters based age sex cca data found significant correlation npq scores cca data challenging traditional understanding neck pain alignment observed significant difference age f 14014 p 0001 npq total score f 11583 p 0001 resting cca f 7922 p 0001 cca protraction f 3398 p 0001 cca retraction f 4040 p 0001 midpoint cca f 6692 p 0001 among three clusters healthy controls cluster 1 characterized lowest resting midpoint cca cca pro retraction indicating significant forward head posture pattern retraction restriction cluster 2 oldest group showed cca measurements similar healthy controls yet reported highest npq scores cluster 3 exhibited highest cca protraction retraction suggesting limitation protraction movement analyzing 229 office workers three distinct alignment patterns identified unique postural characteristics therefore treatments addressing posture individualized generalized across population