Jacques A Greenberg, Yajas Shah, Nikolay A Ivanov, Teagan Marshall, Scott Kulm, Jelani Williams, Catherine Tran, Theresa Scognamiglio, Jonas J Heymann, Yeon Joo Lee-Saxton, Caitlin Egan, Sonali Majumdar, Irene M Min, Rasa Zarnegar, James Howe, Xavier M Keutgen, Thomas J Fahey Iii, Olivier Elemento, Brendan M Finnerty
Developing a predictive model for metastatic potential in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
article describes participants followup study nationwide sample children used cochlear implant ci since preschool children originally tested early elementary grades results published monograph supplement ear hearing recently many children returned followup testing high school 10 yrs experience ci introductory article 1 discuss extent sample tested representative typical populations 2 describe sample characteristics changed time 112 students tested elementary grades high school 4yr period 112 teenagers across north america accompanied parent attended research camp similar one participated 8 yrs earlier battery auditory speech language reading tests administered responses questionnaires written language samples obtained described following articles issue article summarizes child family educational characteristics quantified role outcome levels achieved could examined statistically example metrics devised reflect extent students language improved sign language added spoken language ie sign enhancement based test results obtained elementary grades high school comparisons early characteristics 112 students returned followup testing 72 return indicated comparable performance intelligence quotients communication mode ratings family educationincome age implant however followup participants better speech perception speech intelligibility language skills 8 9 yrs age seventyfive percent returning teenagers fully mainstreamed high school compared 63 elementary grades 5 adolescents fulltime special education grade placement teenagers appropriate chronologic age estimates sign enhancement family characteristics performance intelligence quotient consistent two test sessions large proportion original sample returned followup testing adolescence selective group nonreturning subjects scores may overestimate longterm ci outcomes general population hand cihs students participated study received device 10 yrs ago advantages available recently implanted children results may underestimate outcomes