Sandra Schmiedeler, Robin Segerer, Wolfgang Schneider
[Relationship Between Age of School Entry and Behaviour Problems]
Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie
since 1970s united states nations conducted regular statistical monitoring prevalence patterns drug use populations given importance surveys policymaking quality critical issue biases may affect measurements become major concern increasing volume empirical evidence shows mode administration survey strongly influence validity respondents reports compared intervieweradministered questionnaires selfadministered forms appear elicit complete reporting drug use challenges pose literacy skills respondents may result measurement biases addition processes social change may confound true shifts drug use changes willingness respondents report use authors propose several strategies improve monitoring trends drug use approaches include 1 frequent use survey technologyaudio computerassisted selfinterviewingthat ensures full privacy survey respondents require literacy 2 increased use timeseries indicators drug use consequences built blinded surveys medical records 3 populationbased surveys collect biological specimens eg hair samples data latter two sources subject constellation biases afflict selfreports drug use timeseries data integrated selfreports provide better understanding changes time prevalence patterns drug use