Azam Hamidzadeh, Mehrnaz Kharatha, Milad Bazghaleh, Hassan Basirinejad, Nasrin Fadae Aghdam, Hossein Ebrahimi
The prevalence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and its related risk factors among children at elementary school in Shahroud
Journal of education and health promotion
five children risk diarrheaassociated morbidity mortality salmonella shigella major causes diarrhea underfive children especially developing countries study aimed assess prevalence antimicrobial resistance pattern associated factors salmonella shigella among underfive diarrheic children debre markos town public health facilities crosssectional study conducted public health facilities debre markos town using consecutive convenient sampling technique data sociodemographic associated factors collected using structured questionnaire salmonella serovars shigella species identified using macconkey xylose lysine deoxycholate salmonella shigella agar biochemical tests antimicrobial resistance pattern determined using modified kirbybauer disk diffusion technique overall prevalence salmonella shigella 117 26222 95 ci 72175 isolated salmonella serovars showed higher rate resistance 857 67 ampicillin amoxicillinclavulanic acid shigella isolates showed higher resistance rate amoxicillinclavulanic acid 789 1519 ampicillin 737 1419 overall multidrug resistance mdr rate salmonella shigella isolates 885 2326 parentguardian educational status elementary school aor 3783 95 ci 1281119 p 0016 presence two underfive children family aor 8999 95 ci 2932769 p 0001 unimproved source drinking water aor 5010 95 ci 1561610 p 0007 habit storing cooked foods later use aor 3199 95 ci 107954 p 0037 attendance child social gatherings aor 5387 95 ci 1781635 p 0003 infrequent child fingernail trimming every 2 weeks aor 4693 95 ci 1471494 p 0009 showed statistically significant association prevalence cultureconfirmed salmonella shigella isolates prevalence cultureconfirmed salmonella shigella isolates significantly high study area salmonella shigella isolates exhibited high rate mdr pattern parentguardian education level elementary school presence two underfive children family using unimproved water source habit storing cooked food infrequent fingernail trimming independent predictors cultureconfirmed salmonella shigella therefore besides public health measures regular surveillance prevalence antimicrobial resistance pattern salmonella shigella routinely practiced study setting