Brendan T Smith, Christine M Warren, Laura N Anderson, David Hammond, Douglas G Manuel, Ye Li, Alessandra T Andreacchi, Laura C Rosella, Sze Hang Fu, Erin Hobin
The equitable impact of sugary drink taxation structures on sugary drink consumption among Canadians: a modelling study using the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition
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background professionals pursue doctorate significant postbaccalaureate work experience group refer returners represent important understudied group engineering doctoral studentsreturners well situated leverage applied work experience advanced engineering trainingpurposehypothesis drew results graduate student experiences motivations survey explore dimensionality scales measuring value cost constructswe used scales well measures student expectancy success compare returners directpathway studentsdesign method surveyed 179 returners 297 directpathway domestic engineering doctoral studentswe first conducted exploratory factor analysis cost value measureswe used ordinary least squares ordinal regression model analyses assess relationships various student characteristics experiences including returner status student expectancy success emergent cost values factors associated doctoral study engineeringresults factor analysis revealed three categories values interest attainment career utility largely consistent eccles expectancyvalue frameworka similar analysis identified three categories costs balance financial academic associated pursuing phdreturners felt significantly less confident ability complete degrees prior enrolling perceived higher levels cost types directpathway studentsconclusions given differences returning directpathway students important consider universities might best recruit retain returnerstracking returner status could critical better supporting students