Rachel Bleeze
Fostering historical consciousness and empathy in lower secondary students: A comparative study of history curricula in Australia and Singapore
Heliyon
asthma common respiratory condition children characterised symptoms including wheeze shortness breath chest tightness cough children asthma may able manage condition effectively improving inhaler technique recognising responding symptoms schools offer potentially supportive environment delivering interventions aimed improving selfmanagement skills among children educational ethos aligns skill knowledge acquisition makes easier reach children asthma regularly engage primary care given multifaceted nature selfmanagement interventions need understand combination intervention features associated successful delivery asthma selfmanagement programmes review two primary objectives identify intervention features aligned successful intervention implementation assess effectiveness schoolbased interventions provided improve asthma selfmanagement among childrenwe addressed first objective performing qualitative comparative analysis qca synthesis method described depth later process evaluation studies identify combination intervention components processes aligned successful intervention implementationwe pursued second objective undertaking metaanalyses outcomes reported outcome evaluation studies explored link well intervention implemented effectiveness using separate models well undertaking additional subgroup analyses searched cochrane airways trials register randomised studies identify eligible process evaluation studies searched medline embase cumulative index nursing allied health literature cinahl psycinfo cochrane database systematic reviews cdsr web knowledge database promoting health effectiveness reviews dopher database abstracts reviews effects dare international biography social science ibss bibliomap health technology assessment hta applied social sciences index abstracts assia sociological abstracts socabs conducted latest search 28 august 2017 participants schoolaged children asthma received intervention school interventions eligible purpose help children improve management asthma increasing knowledge enhancing skills changing behaviour studies relevant first objective could based experimental quasiexperimental design could use qualitative quantitative methods data collection second objective included randomised controlled trials rcts children allocated individually clusters eg classrooms schools selfmanagement interventions intervention control used qualitative comparative analysis qca identify intervention features lead successful implementation asthma selfmanagement interventions measured implementation success reviewing reports attrition intervention dosage treatment adherence irrespective effects interventionsto measure effects interventions combined data eligible studies primary outcomes admission hospital emergency department ed visits absence school days restricted activity due asthma symptoms secondary outcomes included unplanned visits healthcare providers daytime nighttime symptoms use reliever therapies healthrelated quality life measured asthma quality life questionnaire aqlq included 55 studies review thirtythree studies 14174 children provided information qca 33 rcts 12623 children measured effects interventions eleven studies contributed qca analysis effectiveness studies conducted north america socially disadvantaged populations high school students better represented among studies contributing qca studies contributing effectiveness evaluations commonly included younger elementary junior high school students interventions attempted improve knowledge asthma triggers stressed importance regular practitioner review although variation deliveredqca results highlighted importance intervention theory driven along importance factors parent involvement child satisfaction running intervention outside childs time drivers successful implementationcompared intervention schoolbased selfmanagement interventions probably reduce mean hospitalisations average 016 admissions per child 12 months smd 019 95 ci 035 004 1873 participants 6 studies moderate certainty evidence may reduce number children visit eds 75 54 12 months 070 95 ci 053 092 3883 participants 13 studies low certainty evidence probably reduce unplanned visits hospitals primary care 26 21 6 9 months 074 95 ci 060 090 3490 participants 5 studies moderate certainty evidence selfmanagement interventions probably reduce number days restricted activity half day twoweek period md 038 days 95 ci 041 018 1852 participants 3 studies moderate certainty evidence effects interventions school absence uncertain due variation results studies md 04 fewer school days missed per year selfmanagement 125 045 4609 participants 10 studies low certainty evidence evidence insufficient show whether requirement reliever medications affected interventions 052 95 ci 015 181 437 participants 2 studies lowcertainty evidence selfmanagement interventions probably improve childrens asthmarelated quality life small amount md 036 units higher paediatric aqlq95 ci 006 064 2587 participants 7 studies moderate certainty evidence schoolbased asthma selfmanagement interventions probably reduce hospital admission may slightly reduce ed attendance although impact school attendance could measured reliably may also reduce number days children experience asthma symptoms probably lead small improvements asthmarelated quality life many studies tested intervention younger children socially disadvantaged populations interventions theoretical framework engaged parents run outside childrens free time associated successful implementation