Olga Torres|Jorge Matute|Janee Gelineau?van Waes|Joyce R. Maddox|Simon G. Gregory|Allison Ashley-Koch|Jency L. Showker|Kenneth A. Voss|Ronald T. Riley
Human health implications from co-exposure to aflatoxins and fumonisins in maize-based foods in Latin America: Guatemala as a case study
Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama|Creighton University|Creighton University|Duke University Hospital|Duke Medical Center|Duke University Hospital|Duke Medical Center|Agricultural Research Service|Agricultural Research Service|Agricultural Research Service
cooccurrence fumonisin b 1 fb 1 aflatoxin b 1 afb 1 maize demonstrated many surveys combinedexposure fb 1 afb 1 concern joint faowho expert committee food additives known genotoxicity afb 1 ability fb 1 induce regenerative proliferation target tissues humans living maize dietary staple high risk exposure mycotoxins work focused guatemala country central america maize consumed large amounts every day intake fb 1 shown potentially quite high using biomarkerbased studies 2012 survey conducted analysed maize samples fb 1 afb 1 22 departments guatemala results show levels afb 1 exposure also potentially quite high guatemala likely throughout central america mexico implications coexposure human health numerous one area particular concern potential fb 1 modulate afb 1 hepatoxicity andor hepatocarcinogenicity mechanism action fb 1 ability promote liver carcinogenicity rats rainbow trout consistent concern farm laboratory animals fb 1 inhibits ceramide synthases key enzymes de novo ceramide biosynthesis inhibition sphingolipid signalling pathways mediating programmed cell death activation pathways stimulating cell proliferation livers individuals exposed afb 1 could contribute tumorigenicity afb 1 studies investigating health effects either toxin consider potential coexposure toxins also countries maizebased food prepared alkaline treatment maize kernels effect traditional processing afb 1 levels toxicity needs determined especially maize highly contaminated afb 1