Virginia W. Berninger
Highlights of Programmatic, Interdisciplinary Research on Writing
University of Washington
overview research topics findings interdisciplinary programmatic line research writing past 25 years presented crosssectional assessment studies grades 1 9 showed measures uniquely explained variance handwriting spelling composing thus validated use assessment longitudinal studies grades 1 5 3 7 contributed knowledge cognitive processes writing within working memory architecture orchestrates multiple component processes time achieve specific writing goals especially translation ideas words syntax text transcription handwriting spelling pen keyboard combined brain imaging behavioral studies writing provided converging evidence brainbehavior relationships handwriting spelling composing role temporally coordinated working memory including orthographic loop graphicmotor envelope word production series instructional studies atrisk writers taught levels language overcome working memory inefficiencies organized according developmental steppingstones writing acquisition show writing problems prevented studies older struggling writers validated effective instructional approaches helping struggling writers become readingwriters integrate written language skills literacy learning