Lisa Schmitz, Christian S Betz, Arne Böttcher, Sophia M Häußler, Mark Praetorius
[How much digitization do ENT curricula need? : Opportunities and limits from the perspective of students and teachers]
HNO
numerous observational studies reported association frailty atherosclerosis however causal relationship frailty occurrence atherosclerosis different anatomical sites remains unclear conducted bidirectional mendelian randomization mr study evaluate causal relationship frailty index fi systemic atherosclerosis lipids obtained summary statistics largescale genomewide association studies gwas various phenotypes including frailty n 175226 coronary atherosclerosis n 56685 cerebral atherosclerosis n 150765 peripheral arterial disease pad n 361194 atherosclerosis sites n 17832 ldlc n 201678 hdlc n 77409 triglycerides n 78700 primary mr analysis employed inverse variance weighted ivw method furthermore assess reverse causality employed inverse mr multivariate mr analysis genetically predicted fi showed positive associations risk coronary atherosclerosis 147 95 ci 112193 cerebral atherosclerosis 199 95 ci 105378 significant association p 005 applied peripheral arterial disease atherosclerosis sites genetically predicted fi positively associated risk triglycerides 131 95 ci 108159 negatively associated risk ldlc 087 95 ci 078097 showed significant association risk hdlc p 005 furthermore reverse mr multivariate mr analyses demonstrated correlation systemic atherosclerosis lipids increased fi study elucidated genetically predicted fi associated risk coronary atherosclerosis cerebral atherosclerosis mr analysis method bidirectional causal relationship moreover genetically predicted fi causally associated triglyceride ldlc levels understanding association crucial optimizing medical practice care models specifically tailored frail populations