Félix Zurita-Ortega, José Manuel Alonso-Vargas, Pilar Puertas-Molero, Gabriel González-Valero, José Luis Ubago-Jiménez, Eduardo Melguizo-Ibáñez
Levels of Physical Activity, Family Functioning and Self-Concept in Elementary and High School Education Students: A Structural Equation Model
Children (Basel, Switzerland)
relationship attendance birth maternal mortality rates exploration united nations data sets including ratios physicians nurses population gnp per capita female literacy third final paper drawing data taken united nations un data sets first paper examined global distribution health professionals measured ratios physicians nurses population relationship gross national product per capita gnp wharrad robinson 1999 second paper explored relationships global distribution physicians nurses gnp female literacy health outcome indicators infant five mortality rates imr u5mr robinson wharrad 2000 present paper global distribution health professionals explored relation maternal mortality rates mmrs proportion births attended medical nonmedical staff defined attendance birth trained personnel physicians nurses midwives primary health care workers trained midwifery skills included additional independent variable regression analyses together ratio physicians nurses population female literacy gnp extend earlier analyses considering relationships global distribution health professionals ratios physicians nurses population proportion births attended trained health personnel gnp female literacy mmr design using database 155 countries regression analyses performed using numbers physicians numbers nurses per 1000 population proportion births attended trained health personnel gnp per capita female literacy independent variables mmrs dependent variable linear regression analyses show positive associations mmrs ratios physicians population 73 n136 ratios nurses population 56 n137 proportion births attended trained health personnel 83 n118 multiple regression analyses reveal complex picture nurses disappearing altogether regressed physicians gnp female literacy mmr three variables attendance birth trained personnel gnp physicians per 1000 population explained 87 variation mmr n112 included multiple regression analysis previous papers caution required regarding validity reliability un data sources used analyses maternal mortality rates particularly susceptible inaccuracies nevertheless strength positive correlations suggests real relationships identified independent variables dependent variable mmr strength linear multiple correlations births attended trained personnel lower mmrs indicates maternal deaths substantially reduced high proportion births attended health professionals including primary health care workers trained midwifery skills maintenance aseptic environment identification maternal foetal complications opportunity necessary transfer parturient mothers centres higher level skills facilities