Guan-Yu Shih, Shih-Chen Fan, Chung-Hui Lin, Chia-Hui Hung
The Text-Picture Integration Scale for Perspectives on Mental Illness: Development and Validation
The American journal of occupational therapy : official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association
ambient air pollution may neurotoxic effects children data examining associations trafficrelated air pollution attention domains remain sparsewe examined associations black carbon bc marker traffic particles attention measures ascertained 714 years age among 174 children birth cohort based boston massachusetts areawe estimated bc levels using validated spatialtemporal landuse regression model based residence childrens lifetime children completed conners continuous performance test cpt measuring omission errors commission errors hit reaction time hrt higher scores indicating increased errors slower reaction time multivariableadjusted linear regression analyses used examine associations bc attention outcomechildren primarily hispanic 56 caucasian 41 53 boys found positive association higher bc levels increased commission errors slower hrt adjusting child iq age sex blood lead level maternal education pre postnatal tobacco smoke exposure communitylevel social stress notably association weaker though still positive highest bc quartile relative middle two quartiles sexstratified analysis demonstrated statistically significant associations bc commission errors hrt boys bc significantly associated cpt outcomes girlsin population urban children found associations bc exposure higher commission errors slower reaction time associations overall apparent boys girls