D Wolke, S T Lereya, H L Fisher, G Lewis, S Zammit
Bullying in elementary school and psychotic experiences at 18 years: a longitudinal, population-based cohort study
Psychological medicine
social inequalities widely accepted deleterious effect childrens mental health lower socioeconomic status generally experience mental health issues study examine impact socioeconomic situations childrens families early childhood childrens social adaptation japanese elementary school current investigation consisted two sets data relating two separate years oneyear interval participants included preschoolers aged five years time 1 first year first graders aged six years time 2 second year 1712 met inclusion criteria years parents participants completed selfreported questionnaire regarding ses ie family economy mothers education childrens mental health mental health assessed using child behavior checklist418 parent report ses indicator found inverse relationship across symptom dimensions specifically bivariate analyses revealed lower family income maternal education level paternal education level predict three domains behavioral problems ie internalized problems externalized problems total behavioral problems multivariate analyses revealed lower family income consistently predicts domains behavioral problems lower maternal education level predicted externalized problems total behavioral problems paternal education level predict clinically significant behavioral problems sample found children family income parental education entering preschool significant predictors mental health problems elementary school enrollment particular low income low maternal educational achievement predicted high probability development psychiatric disorder greater understanding mechanisms associations could contribute improvements interventions aimed preventing child maladjustment