Bronwyn E. Becker|Suniya S. Luthar
Social-Emotional Factors Affecting Achievement Outcomes Among Disadvantaged Students: Closing the Achievement Gap
Columbia University|New York College of Health Professions
despite concentrated efforts improving inferior academic outcomes among disadvantaged students substantial achievement gap test scores students others remains jencks phillips 1998 national center education statistics 2000a 2000b valencia suzuki 2000 existing research used ecological models document socialemotional factors multiple levels influence undermine academic performance article integrates ideas various perspectives comprehensive interdisciplinary model inform policy makers administrators schools socialemotional factors act risk protective factors disadvantaged students learning opportunities academic success four critical socialemotional components influence achievement performance academic school attachment teacher support peer values mental health reviewed