Nico Voigtländer|Hans?Joachim Voth
Persecution Perpetuated: The Medieval Origins of Anti-Semitic Violence in Nazi Germany*
National Bureau of Economic Research|University of California, Los Angeles|Centre de Recerca en Economia Internacional|Pompeu Fabra University|Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats
abstract persistent cultural traits using data antisemitism germany find local continuity 600 years jews often blamed black death killed least third europes population 134850 use plagueera pogroms indicator medieval antisemitism reliably predict violence jews 1920s votes nazi party deportations 1933 attacks synagogues letters der strmer also identify areas persistence lower cities high levels trade immigration finally show results driven political extremism different attitudes toward violence