Hongyao Yu, Yuming Guo, Xiaoyun Zeng, Meng Gao, Bo-Yi Yang, Li-Wen Hu, Yunjiang Yu, Guang-Hui Dong
Modification of caesarean section on the associations between air pollution and childhood asthma in seven Chinese cities
Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)
proton pump inhibitors ppis widely used throughout world effective gastrointestinal drug nevertheless according existing literature ppis reduce excretion magnesium calcium components urine may promote formation kidney stones used national health nutrition examination survey nhanes database investigate association use ppis prevalence kidney stones performed crosssectional analysis using data 2007 2018 nhanes ppis use information 29910 participants obtained using prescription medications preceding month kidney stones presented standard questionnaire multiple regression analysis stratified analysis used estimate association ppis use kidney stones adjustment potential confounders multiple logistic regression indicated ppis exposure group p1 significantly higher risk nephrolithiasis ppis nonexposure group p0 model 3 124 95 ci 110139 p 0001 stratified analyses indicated significant statistical differences ppis use kidney stones among females 136 95 ci 115162 p 0001 nonhispanic whites 127 95 ci 109148 p 0002 individuals education level 11th grade 141 95 ci 113176 p 0002 individuals annual family income 0 19999 132 95 ci 106165 p 0014 20000 44999 125 95 ci 102154 p 0033 model 3 study revealed ppis use associated higher prevalence kidney stones us population primarily among women nonhispanic whites individuals low education levels individuals low household income levels studies required confirm findings