Richard C. Cottrell
Scientific integrity and the market for lemons
scientific integrity cannot adequately ensured appeals ethical principles individual researchers research fraud become public scandal exacerbated inability accurately judge extent current reliance peer review articles ready publication sole means control quality integrity majority research shown inadequate partly faults research process may concealed partly anonymous peer review imperfect consequently scientific literature mixed reader unable always distinguish good articles bad scientific research subject market forces always provide motivation range misdemeanours led market lemons regulations sanctions miscreants need modelled historically found necessary limit financial fraud practical effective systems process control audit already devised ensure integrity clinical preclinical research adapted use much wider range research activities