Mahnaz Ghaljeh, Mahboobe Doostkami, Fereshteh Ghaljaei, Najmeh Ghiamikeshtgar, Fateme Pishdad
Operating room technologists' knowledge, attitude, and preparedness for disaster management of a Zahedan: Implications for nursing disaster education
Journal of education and health promotion
study aimed assess impact interactive spelling program reading acquisition children risk developing reading difficulties well assess effect spelling phonemic awareness initial pool 144 firstgrade children attending four portuguese primary schools 53 children low performances letter knowledge phonemic awareness tasks considered teachers risk developing reading difficulties selected children randomly assigned three groups experimental group underwent interactive spelling program comparison group underwent phonological awareness program control group underwent copying program programs conducted pairs comprised 12 sessions lasting 20 30 min twice week pretest posttest included word reading word spelling phonemic awareness assessments data analysis showed spelling group significantly outperformed groups across measures except phonemic awareness task differences phonological group word copying group consistently yielded lowest results unlike two groups posttest results experimental group also reached class average word reading ethical reasons final assessments control group underwent version interactive spelling program study suggests spelling activities contribute significantly reading acquisition serve valuable pedagogical tool proactively address challenges learning read