Donghang Zhang, Jiaxin Xiang, Yiyong Wei
Effects of flipped classroom teaching in anaesthesiology residents: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
BMJ open
h1n1pdm09 virus persistent threat public health since 2009 pandemic particularly since relaxation covid19 pandemic mitigation measures influenza virus sarscov2 concurrently prevalent worldwide determine antigenic evolution pattern h1n1pdm09 develop preventive countermeasures collected influenza sequence data immunological data establish new antigenic evolution analysis framework machine learning model xgboost accuracy 086 area receiver operating characteristic curve 089 constructed using epitopes physicochemical properties receptor binding sites glycosylation sites features predict antigenic similarity relationships influenza strains antigenic correlation network constructed markov clustering algorithm used identify antigenic clusters subsequently antigenic evolution pattern h1n1pdm09 analyzed global regional scales across three continents found h1n1pdm09 evolved around five antigenic clusters 2009 2023 antigenic evolution trajectories characterized cocirculation multiple clusters lowlevel persistence former dominant clusters local heterogeneity cluster circulations furthermore compared seasonal h1n1 virus potential clustertransition determining sites h1n1pdm09 restricted epitopes sa sb study demonstrated effectiveness machine learning methods characterizing antigenic evolution viruses developed specific model rapidly identify h1n1pdm09 antigenic variants elucidated evolutionary patterns findings may provide valuable support implementation effective surveillance strategies targeted prevention efforts mitigate impact h1n1pdm09