Adam D Kay, Zach Lager, Litha Bhebheza, Justa L Heinen-Kay
Integrating remote international experience and community engagement into course-based animal behavior research
Ecology and evolution
increasing physical activity pa levels adolescents aged 12 18 years associated prevention unhealthy weight gain improvement cardiovascular fitness widespread availability mobile health mhealth wearable devices offers selfmonitoring motivational features increasing pa levels improving adherence exercise programs aim scoping review identify efficacy effectiveness mhealth intervention strategies facilitating pa among adolescents aged 12 18 years conducted systematic search peerreviewed studies published 2008 2018 following electronic databases pubmed google scholar psychinfo sportdiscus search terms used included mhealth mobile health apps physical activity exercise children adolescents teens young adults kids efficacy effectiveness articles published outside date range july 2008 october 2018 nonenglish articles removed abstract review three reviewers assessed abstracts inclusion exclusion criteria uncertainties differences opinion discussed group inclusion criteria studies 1 mhealth component 2 target participants aged 12 18 years 3 results efficacy effectiveness 4 assess parelated outcomes reviews abstracts protocols without results short message service text messagingonly interventions excluded also extracted potentially relevant papers reviews least 2 reviewers examined full articles fit criteria extracted data analysis data extracted selected studies included study population study type components pa intervention pa outcome results overall 126 articles initially identified reviewers pulled 18 additional articles excluded review papers 18 articles passed onto full review 16 kept analysis included studies differed sizes study populations 11607 participants locations study sites 7 countries study setting study design overall 5 mhealth intervention categories identified website websitewearable app wearableapp websitewearableapp common measures reported subjective weekly pa 413 objective daily moderatetovigorous pa 513 19 different pa outcomes assessed furthermore 5 13 studies control comparison group showed significant improvement pa outcomes intervention group control comparison group 5 studies 3 permitted isolation mhealth intervention components analysis pa outcomes adolescents improved time mhealth intervention use however lack consistency chosen pa outcome measures paucity significant outcomes via betweengroup analyses various study designs prevent separating effects intervention components calls question true effect