Yuyan Shen
Harmonious passion and academic achievement in higher education: The mediating influence of exploratory and exploitative learning strategies
Heliyon
metaloids crosssectionally associated lung function outcomes childhood limited data combined effects starting utero child sex may modify effects examine associations utero early life exposure metals assessed via novel dentine biomarkers childhood lung function explore effect modification child sex analyses included 291 children enrolled programming research obesity growth environment social stressors progress study longitudinal birth cohort study mexico city weekly dentine levels arsenic cadmium cd cobalt co copper cu manganese mn nickel ni lead pb measured 15 weeks prebirth 15 weeks post birth deciduous childrens teeth lung function tested ages 814 years modeled age height sex adjusted zscores associations modeled using lagged weighted quantile sum lwqs regression evaluate potential timevarying mixture effect adjusting maternal age education enrollment exposure environmental tobacco smoke pregnancy models also stratified sex identified window susceptibility 1215 weeks prebirth metal mixture associated lower fvc zscores children aged 814 years cd mn largest contributors mixture effect 70 also evidence effect modification sex mean weights weighted correlations identified window evident males compared females male stratum cd mn additionally pb also dominated mixture association prenatal metaloid exposure associated lower lung function childhood findings underscore need consider mixtures windows susceptibility fully elucidate effects prenatal metaloid exposure childhood lung function