Maha M Alduayji, Mohie Selim
Risk Factors of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Among Women Attending an Antenatal Care Clinic in Prince Sultan Military Medical City (PSMMC), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Case-Control Study
Cureus
changes economy dietary guidelines brought great shock diet quality meal behaviors transformations extended minerals intake sources still poorly understood essential evaluate time trends minerals intake sources inform policy makers investigate trends minerals intake sources among us adults analysis used dietary data collected 24h recalls us adults 20 years nhanes 1999march 2020 minerals intake ageadjusted percentage participants meeting recommendations minerals sources calculated among participants population subgroups nhanes survey cycle weighted linear logistic regression models used examine statistical significance time trends total 48223 us adults included analysis 1999 march 2020 intake calcium 094 102 gday magnesium 30807 32185 mgday phosphorus 124 130 gday sodium 324 326 mgday food beverages fb dietary supplements dss significantly increased intake iron 1917 1638 mgday zinc 1645 1419 mgday copper 179 138 mgday potassium 265 250 gday fb dss decreased fdr 005 additionally ageadjusted percentage participants meeting recommendations calcium phosphorus sodium selenium significantly increased iron potassium zinc copper decreased fdr 005 minerals intake time trends minerals intake highly variable depending age gender raceethnicity education income example white higher socioeconomic status participants higher minerals intake eg iron zinc copper greater decrease minerals intake furthermore percentage minerals milks dss decreased beverages increased 1999 march 2020 minerals intake sources experienced significant alteration among us adults many differences minerals intake food sources across sociodemographic characteristics appeared narrow time although improvements observed important challenges overconsumption sodium underconsumption potassium calcium magnesium still remained among us adults