Álvaro Choi|John Jerrim
The use (and misuse) of PISA in guiding policy reform: the case of Spain
Barcelona School of Economics|Universitat de Barcelona|University College London
2013 spain introduced series educational reforms explicitly inspired programme international student assessment pisa 2012 results reforms mainly implemented secondary education based upon assumption spains educational problems lie paper questions assumption attempting identify point spanish children fall behind young people developed countries specifically drawing data multiple international assessments able explore crossnational differences reading skills change children age consideration given average level achievement evolution educational inequalities conclusion policymakers focused efforts wrong part education system educational achievement low spain educational inequalities large long children enter secondary school study therefore serves note caution simplistic interpretation pisa rankings