Brian A. Primack|Madeline A. Dalton|Mary V. Carroll|Aaron A. Agarwal|Michael J. Fine
Content Analysis of Tobacco, Alcohol, and Other Drugs in Popular Music
University of Pittsburgh|General Department of Preventive Medicine|Public Risk Management Association|Center for Children|University of Pittsburgh|VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System|UPMC McKeesport|General Department of Preventive Medicine|Public Risk Management Association|Center for Children|University of Pittsburgh|VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System|UPMC McKeesport|General Department of Preventive Medicine|Public Risk Management Association|Center for Children|University of Pittsburgh|VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System|UPMC McKeesport|General Department of Preventive Medicine|Public Risk Management Association|Center for Children|University of Pittsburgh|VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System|UPMC McKeesport
perform comprehensive content analysis substance use contemporary popular musicwe analyzed 279 popular songs 2005 according billboard magazine two coders working independently used standardized data collection instrument code portrayals substance usepresence explicit use substances motivations associations consequences substance useof 279 songs 93 333 portrayed substance use average 352 substance references per songhour portrayal substance use varied significantly p 001 genre 1 references 3 35 pop songs 9 9 66 rock songs 14 11 55 r bhiphop songs 20 22 61 country songs 36 48 62 rap songs 77 29 279 songs portrayed tobacco use 237 depicted alcohol use 136 depicted marijuana use 115 depicted unspecified substance use 93 songs substance use often motivated peersocial pressure 45 48 sex 28 30 use commonly associated partying 50 54 sex 43 46 violence 27 29 andor humor 22 24 4 songs 4 contained explicit antiuse messages none portrayed substance refusal songs substance use 63 68 portrayed positive negative consequences positive consequences commonly social sexual financial emotionalthe average adolescent exposed approximately 84 references explicit substance use daily popular songs exposure varies widely musical genre substance use depicted popular music frequently motivated peer acceptance sex highly positive associations consequences