Dariush Mozaffarian|Ashkan Afshin|Neal L. Benowitz|Vera Bittner|Stephen R. Daniels|Harold A. Franch|David R. Jacobs|William E. Kraus|Penny M. Kris?Etherton|Debra A. Krummel|Barry M. Popkin|Laurie P. Whitsel|Neil A. Zakai
Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits
American Heart Association|American Heart Association|American Heart Association|American Heart Association|American Heart Association|American Heart Association|American Heart Association|American Heart Association|American Heart Association|American Heart Association|American Heart Association|American Heart Association|American Heart Association
poor lifestyle behaviors including suboptimal diet physical inactivity tobacco use leading causes preventable diseases globally although even modest population shifts risk substantially alter health outcomes optimal populationlevel approaches improve lifestyle well establishedfor american heart association scientific statement writing group systematically reviewed graded current scientific evidence effective population approaches improve dietary habits increase physical activity reduce tobacco use strategies considered 6 broad domains 1 media educational campaigns 2 labeling consumer information 3 taxation subsidies economic incentives 4 school workplace approaches 5 local environmental changes 6 direct restrictions mandates writing group also reviewed potential contributions healthcare systems surveillance systems behavior change efforts several specific population interventions achieved class iia recommendation grade b evidence identified providing set specific evidencebased strategies deserve close attention prioritization wider implementation effective interventions included specific approaches 6 domains evaluated improving diet increasing activity reducing tobacco use writing group also identified several specific interventions domains current evidence less robust well inconsistencies evidence gaps informing need rigorous interdisciplinary approaches evaluate population programs policiesthis systematic review identified graded evidence range populationbased strategies promote lifestyle change findings provide framework policy makers advocacy groups researchers clinicians communities stakeholders understand implement effective approaches new strategic initiatives partnerships needed translate evidence action