Aya Isumi, Satomi Doi, Manami Ochi, Tsuguhiko Kato, Takeo Fujiwara
Child Maltreatment and Mental Health in Middle Childhood: A Longitudinal Study in Japan
American journal of epidemiology
previous literature showed complex interpretation recall tasks due complex relationship executive functions ef long term memory test memory strategies tms could useful assessing issue evaluates ef simultaneously study aims explore validity tms structure comparing models proposed vaccaro et al 2022 evaluating measurement invariance according three countries italy spain portugal confirmatory factor analysis cfa four hundred thirtyone healthy subjects age mean 5484 sd 2043 education mean 885 sd 405 177 f 259 recruited three countries italy spain portugal measurement invariance across three country groups evaluated structural equation modeling also convergent divergent validity examined correlation tms classical neuropsychological tests cfa outcomes suggested best model threedimensional model list 1 list2 reflect ef list 3 reflects mixed factor ef efm list4 list5 reflect result line theory tms decreases ef components progressively tms metric invariant country scalar invariance tenable finally factor scores tms showed convergent validity classical neuropsychological tests overall results support crossvalidation tms three countries considered