Yuanjing Li, Yifei Ren, Lin Cong, Tingting Hou, Lin Song, Mingqi Wang, Xiang Wang, Xiaojuan Han, Shi Tang, Qinghua Zhang, Serhiy Dekhtyar, Yongxiang Wang, Yifeng Du, Chengxuan Qiu
Association of Lifelong Cognitive Reserve with Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment among Older Adults with Limited Formal Education: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders
purpose study develop validate intention warmup among children adolescents scale iwcas four phases four sets participants development iwcas first phase domains intention defined related components developed organized validated second phase 446 elementary middle school students participated pilot study first version scale revised based information obtained third phase 12 graduates sports pedagogy served expert panel organized items domain areas developed second version iwcas final phase 1322 elementary middle school students three k12 schools completed revised version iwcas exploratory confirmatory factor analyses conducted based results iwcas shortened deleting items two domains resulted 11 items final version 3 domains 1 attitude toward warmup 2 subjective norm 3 perceived behavioral control according indices generate reliable structurally valid scores composite internal consistency three domains ranged 074 085 researchers hypothesized iwcas valid reliable scale used pe teachers coaches evaluate intention primary secondary school students perform warmups