Adi Noiman, Seung Hee Lee, Kristin J Marks, Mary Ellen Grap, Carrie Dooyema, Heather C Hamner
Factors Associated with Daily Fruit and Vegetable Intakes among Children Aged 1-5 Years in the United States
Nutrients
headache disorder secondhighest cause disability worldwide however data scarce headache among adolescents especially africa yet published data headache among adolescents sudan thirdlargest country africa study aimed assess prevalence primary headache disorders associated factors among adolescents 1019 years eastern sudan communitybased crosssectional study conducted city gadarif eastern sudan questionnaires used gather adolescents sociodemographic characteristics headache diagnostic questions based beta version international classification headache disordersiii ichd3 multivariate analysis conducted assess associated factors primary headache disorders results expressed risk ratios rrs 950 confidence interval ci 401 enrolled adolescents 186 464 215 536 male female respectively median iqr age 140 121162 years eightyone 202 401 adolescents reported experiencing primary headache disorders including migraine aura 16 40 migraine without aura 33 82 tensiontype 14 35 undifferentiated headache 18 45 adolescents prevalence primary headache disorders significantly higher females males 55215 679 vs 26186 321 p 0004 multivariate analysis increased age rr 109 950 ci 102116 female rr 175 950 ci 114267 associated increased rr primary headache disorders parents education level occupation smokingsnuff use body mass index associated primary headache disorders onefifth adolescents eastern sudan reported experiencing primary headache disorders common females increased age