John Anderson|Lorinda Mak|Aram Keyvani Chahi|Ellen Bialystok
The language and social background questionnaire: Assessing degree of bilingualism in a diverse population
York University|York University|York University|York University
research examining cognitive consequences bilingualism expanded rapidly recent years revealed effects aspects cognition across lifespan however effects difficult find studies investigating young adults one problem standard definition bilingualism means evaluating degree bilingualism individual participants making difficult directly compare results different studies describe instrument developed assess degree bilingualism young adults live diverse communities english official language demonstrate reliability validity instrument analyses based 408 participants relevant factors describing degree bilingualism 1 extent nonenglish language proficiency use home 2 nonenglish language use socially use bilingualism scores obtained instrument demonstrate association 1 performance executive function tasks 2 previous classifications participants categories monolinguals bilinguals