Andy I. Choi|Cristin C. Weekley|Shu?Cheng Chen|Suying Li|Manjula Kurella Tamura|Keith C. Norris|Michael G. Shlipak
Association of Educational Attainment With Chronic Disease and Mortality: The Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP)
San Francisco VA Medical Center|University of California, San Francisco|San Francisco VA Medical Center|University of California, San Francisco|Orthopaedic Research Foundation|Orthopaedic Research Foundation|Stanford University|Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science|San Francisco VA Medical Center|University of California, San Francisco
recent reports suggested close relationship education health including mortality united statesobservational cohortwe studied 61457 participants enrolled national health screening initiative national kidney foundations kidney early evaluation program keepselfreported educational attainmentchronic diseases hypertension diabetes cardiovascular disease reduced kidney function albuminuria mortalitywe evaluated crosssectional associations selfreported educational attainment chronic diseases listed using logistic regression models adjusted demographics access care behaviors comorbid conditions association educational attainment survival determined using multivariable cox proportional hazards regressionhigher educational attainment associated lower prevalence chronic conditions listed multivariable models compared persons completing high school college graduates lower risk chronic condition ranging 11 lower odds decreased kidney function 37 lower odds cardiovascular disease mean followup 39 median 37 years 2384 4 deaths occurred fully adjusted cox model completed college 24 lower mortality compared participants completed least high schoollack income data allow us disentangle independent effects education incomein diverse contemporary cohort higher educational attainment associated independently lower prevalence chronic diseases shortterm mortality age raceethnicity groups