Janina Steinert|Henrike Sternberg|Hannah Prince|Barbara Fasolo|Matteo M. Galizzi|Tim Büthe|Giuseppe Veltri
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in eight European countries: Prevalence, determinants, and heterogeneity
Technical University of Munich|Oxford Policy Management|University of Oxford|Technical University of Munich|Technical University of Munich|London School of Economics and Political Science|London School of Economics and Political Science|Technical University of Munich|Duke University|University of Trento
examine heterogeneity covid19 vaccine hesitancy across eight european countries reveal striking differences across countries ranging 64 adults spain 618 bulgaria reporting hesitant experimentally assess effectiveness different messages designed reduce covid19 vaccine hesitancy receiving messages emphasizing either medical benefits hedonistic benefits vaccination significantly increases covid19 vaccination willingness germany whereas highlighting privileges contingent holding vaccination certificate increases vaccination willingness germany united kingdom message significant positive effects country machine learningbased heterogeneity analyses reveal treatment effects smaller even negative settings marked high conspiracy beliefs low health literacy contrast trust government increases treatment effects groups heterogeneity vaccine hesitancy responses different messages suggests health authorities avoid onesizefitsall vaccination campaigns