Charlotte L de Moor, Sarah A Gerson
Getting a grip on early intention understanding: The role of motor, cognitive, and social factors
Progress in brain research
present study aimed developing novel scale japan ijime scale jais measure bullying japan substantial reliability validity estimated prevalence bullying among children adolescents school age jais selfreport questionnaire consists three parts subscales measuring victimization witnessing item measuring perpetration test reliability validity two subscales authors analyzed responses jais 2334 school students grades 49 six elementary three junior high schools middlesized industrial city central japan using exploratory factor analysis item response theory examination external validity items prevalence bullying victimization witnessing perpetration estimated item response theory models revealed victimization witness subscales sufficient discrimination power measurement precision external validity scale confirmed using jais found 358 students victims bullying every 23 months 276 solely victims 83 bullyvictims 328 witnessed type bullying act 118 perpetrated type bullying 35 perpetrators 83 bullyvictims jais reliable valid measure using scale found high prevalence bullying victimization japanese schools