Michael S. Wolf|Samuel G. Smith|Anjali U. Pandit|David Condon|Laura M. Curtis|James W. Griffith|Rachel O’Conor|Steven R. Rush|Stacy Cooper Bailey|Gordon D. Kaplan|Vincent Haufle|David Israel Becerra Martín
Development and Validation of the Consumer Health Activation Index
Northwestern University|Northwestern University|University of Leeds|Northwestern University|Northwestern University|Northwestern University|Northwestern University|Northwestern University|UnitedHealth Group (United States)|University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|Optum (United States)|Optum (United States)|UnitedHealth Group (United States)
background although increasing interest patient engagement measures publicly available suitable patients limited health literacy objective sought develop consumer health activation index chai use among diverse patients methods expert opinion systematic literature review focus groups cognitive interviews patients used create revise potential set items psychometric testing guided item response theory conducted among 301 englishspeaking communitydwelling adults included differential item functioning analyses evaluate item performance across participant health literacy levels determine construct validity chai scores compared scales measuring similar personality constructs associations chai physical mental health established predictive validity second study among 9478 adults used confirm chai associations health outcomes results exploratory factor analyses revealed singlefactor solution 10item scale chai showed good internal consistency alpha 081 moderate testretest reliability icc 053 reading grade level found 6th grade moderate strong correlations found similar constructs multidimensional health locus control r 038 p 0001 conscientiousness r 041 p 0001 predictive validity demonstrated associations functional health status measures depression r 028 p 0001 anxiety r 022 p 0001 physical functioning r 022 p 0001 validation sample chai significantly associated selfreported physical mental health r 031 032 respectively p 0001 conclusions chai appears valid reliable easily administered tool used assess health activation among adults including limited health literacy future studies test tool actual use explore applications