Mahmoud Kohan, Tahereh Changiz, Nikoo Yamani
A systematic review of faculty development programs based on the Harden teacher's role framework model
BMC medical education
effort identify factors associated frailty transitions trigger significant difference preventing postponing progression frailty questions regarding role cognitive leisure activities various aspects older adults health raised however relationship cognitive leisure activities frailty transitions rarely studied total 5367 older chinese adults aged 60 years china health retirement longitudinal study charls selected participants 2nd wave charls 2013 selected baseline sociodemographic healthrelated status baseline data collected frail scale used measure frailty cognitive leisure activities measured cognitive leisure activity index clai scores consisted playing mahjong cards stock investment using internet two years followup frailty transition baseline assessed 3rd wave charls 2015 ordinal logistic regression analysis used examine relationship cognitive leisure activities frailty transitions twoyear followup 5367 participants prevalence frailty improved remained worsened 178 9575367 575 30845367 247 13265367 respectively among participants 797 42765367 196 10545367 07 375367 clai scores 0 1 2 3 respectively univariate analysis statistically significant association score 2 3 cognitive leisure activity index frailty transitions odds ratio 193 95 ci 003 129 p 04 covariates significantly different across three groups adjusting covariates participants cognitive leisure activities higher risk frailty improvement without cognitive leisure activities odds ratio 199 95 ci 105 376 p 04 cognitive leisure activities positively associated risk frailty improvement older adults mainly participating multiple activities older adults may encouraged participate wide variety cognitive leisure activities promote healthy aging