Brenda Geiger
Sixth graders in Israel recount their experience of verbal abuse by teachers in the classroom
Child abuse & neglect
sequential mixedmode surveys using webbased surveys telephone interviews increasingly used observational studies shown many benefits however application survey design evaluated context epidemiological casecontrol studies paper discuss challenges benefits limitations using sequential mixedmode survey design casecontrol study assessing risk factors covid19 pandemic colorado adults testing positive sarscov2 randomly selected matched negative sarscov2 test result march april 2021 participants first contacted sms text message complete selfadministered webbased survey asking community exposures behaviors respond contacted telephone interview evaluated representativeness survey participants sample populations compared sociodemographic characteristics participant responses time resource requirements survey mode using descriptive statistics logistic regression models enrolled case control participants interviewed telephone 308537 574 342648 528 respectively overall enrollment doubling interviewers called nonresponders participants identifying female white nonhispanic residing urban areas working outside home likely complete webbased survey telephone participants likely webbased participants aged 1839 years 60 years older reside areas lower levels education linguistic isolation lower income people color statistically significant sociodemographic differences noted webbased telephone case control participants respective sample pools participants similar sample pools webbased telephone responses combined webbased participants less likely report close contact individual covid19 odds ratio 070 95 ci 053094 likely report community exposures including visiting grocery store retail shop 155 95 ci 113212 restaurant cafe coffee shop 152 95 ci 120192 attending gathering 169 95 ci 134215 sport sporting event 105 95 ci 105188 webbased survey required average 003 sd 0 personhours per enrolled participant us 920 resources whereas telephone interview required average 511 personhours per enrolled participant us 70000 interviewer wages still encountered control recruitment challenges noted observational studies sequential mixedmode design efficient method recruiting representative group participants casecontrol study limited impact data quality considered public health emergencies timely accurate exposure information needed inform control measures