Anita Padmanabhanunni, Tyrone Brian Pretorius
Job Satisfaction Goes a Long Way: The Mediating Role of Teaching Satisfaction in the Relationship between Role Stress and Indices of Psychological Well-Being in the Time of COVID-19
International journal of environmental research and public health
one way conceptualizing stuttering continuum primarily covert primarily overt assertions made covert stuttering might impacted differently overt stuttering findings wellcontrolled studies remain scarce principal aim present study compare impact stuttering emotional distress related two subgroups persons stutter people primarily overt stuttering people primarily covert stuttering exploring also offer preliminary thoughts challenges terminology surrounding concepts overtness covertness twentyone adults already enrolled multiple singlecase treatment study snsterud et al 2019 2020 took part present study underwent battery tests assessed anxiety depression fear negative evaluation quality life subgroups identified basis selfcategorization using tomaiuoli del gado spinetti capparelli venuti 2015 classification well evaluation speech samples two independent slps snsterud et al 2020 classifications explored five independent lay assessors reviewed pretherapy video rated participants speech 4point likert stuttering probability scale 1 fluent doubt 2 fluent doubt 3 stuttering doubt 4 stuttering doubt significant differences found primarily overt primarily covert groups relation selfreported symptoms anxiety depression fear negative evaluation however investigation item level identified significant difference linguistic avoidance two groups may fewer differences people primarily overt primarily covert stuttering previously thought regards emotional impact well aspects avoidance behavior