Yeon-Jun Choi, So Young Shin, Julak Lee
Change in Factors Affecting Cyberbullying of Korean Elementary School Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic
International journal of environmental research and public health
routine use mri rectal cancer treatment allows use strict definition low rectal cancer study aimed compare minimally invasive total mesorectal excision mridefined low rectal cancer expert laparoscopic transanal robotic highvolume centres mridefined low rectal cancer operated 2015 2017 11 dutch centres included primary outcomes r1 rate total mesorectal excision quality 3year local recurrence survivals overall disease free secondary outcomes included conversion rate complications whether perioperative change preoperative treatment plan 1071 eligible rectal cancers 633 patients low rectal cancer identified quality total mesorectal excision specimen p 0337 r1 rate p 0107 conversion p 0344 anastomotic leakage rate p 0942 local recurrence p 0809 overall survival p 0436 diseasefree survival p 0347 comparable among centres laparoscopic centre group highest rate perioperative change preoperative treatment plan 104 compared robotic expert centres 52 transanal centres 21 p 0004 main reason change stapling difficulty 43 followed low tumour location 29 multivariable analysis showed laparoscopic surgery independent risk factor change preoperative planned procedure p 0024 centres expertise three minimally invasive total mesorectal excision techniques achieve good oncological resection treatment mridefined low rectal cancer however compared robotic expert centres transanal centres patients treated laparoscopic centres increased risk change preoperative intended procedure due technical limitations