Tessa Goetghebuer|Kinga K. Smolen|Catherine Adler|Jishnu Das|Trevor McBride|Gaby Smits|Sandra Lecomte|Edwige Haelterman|Patricia Barlow|Pedro A. Piedra|Fiona van der Klis|Tobias R. Kollmann|Douglas A. Lauffenburger|Galit Alter|Jack Lévy|Arnaud Marchant
Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy Before Pregnancy Reduces the Risk of Infection-related Hospitalization in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–exposed Uninfected Infants Born in a High-income Country
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Pierre|Université Libre de Bruxelles|Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Pierre|Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard|Massachusetts Institute of Technology|Baylor College of Medicine|National Institute for Public Health and the Environment|Université Libre de Bruxelles|Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Pierre|Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Pierre|Baylor College of Medicine|National Institute for Public Health and the Environment|University of British Columbia|Massachusetts Institute of Technology|Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard|Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Pierre|Université Libre de Bruxelles
epidemiological studies conducted low highincome countries showed infants exposed maternal human immunodeficiency virus hiv high risk severe infections immune alterations fetal life proposed possible mechanismthis prospective study assessed relative risk hospitalization infection hivexposed uninfected heu infants compared hivunexposed hu infants born highincome country hic markers monocyte activation levels pathogenspecific antibodies measured birth identify correlates infant susceptibilitythere 27 132 heu infants 14 123 hu infants hospitalized infection first year life adjusted hazard ratio ahr 233 95 confidence interval ci 110497 increased risk associated time initiation maternal antiretroviral therapy art compared hu infants risk hospitalization infection heu infants 4fold higher mothers initiated art pregnancy ahr 384 95 ci 169871 significantly increased art initiated pregnancy ahr 142 95 ci 058348 activation newborn monocytes reduced transfer maternal antibodies intense following art initiation pregnancy predicted risk infant hospitalizationthese observations indicate initiation maternal art pregnancy reduces susceptibility heu infants born hic severe infections effect could related prevention immune alterations fetal life