Reshma Shah|Sarah Kennedy|Maureen D. Clark|Sarah Bauer|Alan M. Schwartz
Primary Care–Based Interventions to Promote Positive Parenting Behaviors: A Meta-analysis
University of Chicago|University of Illinois at Chicago|Lurie Children's Hospital|Northwestern University
context utilization primary care settings offers promising approach enhance parenting practices critical promoting early childhood development determining impact existing primary care interventions key parenting behaviors aid providers policy makers seek strategies improve early child outcomes objective evaluate efficacy primary carebased interventions parenting practices promote early child development among children younger 36 months data sources pubmed excerpta medica database psycinfo cumulative index nursing allied health literature databases searched electronically study selection englishlanguage articles quasirandomized randomized controlled trials included parents children amplt36 months age reported outcomes related parenting behaviors promote early child development data extraction two reviewers independently extracted data regarding participants interventions outcomes quantitative metaanalyses conducted random effects study fitted restricted maximum likelihood methods results review included 13 studies reporting parenting outcomes 2 categories participation cognitively stimulating activities positive parentchild interactions found statistically significant positive effect primary caredelivered interventions parentchild interactions summary standardized mean difference 029 95 confidence interval ci 006052 p amplt 0001 participation cognitively stimulating activities summary standardized mean difference 034 95 ci 003054 summary odds ratio 013 95 ci 001025 p amplt 0001 limitations limitations included heterogeneity measures used outcomes timing assessments conclusions primary carebased interventions modestly affect positive parenting behaviors important early childhood development randomized controlled trials comparable outcome measures using standardized assessments needed assess beneficial impacts