Samane Shirahmadi, Saeed Bashirian, Ali Reza Soltanian, Akram Karimi-Shahanjarini, Farshid Vahdatinia
Effectiveness of theory-based educational interventions of promoting oral health among elementary school students
BMC public health
two major reform efforts k12 science education taken place past 50 years first 19501970 curriculum reform efforts motivated launching sputnik sponsored newly formed national foundation nsf united states nuffield foundation united kingdom signature goal reformed programs produce courses study would get students think like scientists thus placing pipeline science careers rudolph 2002 second us uk reform effort science education began 1980s continues day part national standards movement referred movement united states public understanding science united kingdom education goal develop scientifically literate populace participate economic democra tic agendas increasingly global marketfocused science technology engineering mathematics stem societies addition economic democratic imperatives purpose science education recent voices science education reform driver leach millar scott 1996 millar 1996 millar hunt 2002 osborne duschl fairbrother 2002 advocated proper perspective science education schools ought cultural imperative cultural impera tive perspective sees stem disciplines knowledge practices woven fabric nations societies cultural imperative provides democratic economic imperatives recognition important social epistemic dimensions embedded growth evaluation representation communication stem knowledge practices new perspectives standings learning sciences learning learning environments science studies knowing inquiring highlight importance science