Brady T West, Shiyu Zhang, James Wagner, Rebecca Gatward, Htay-Wah Saw, William G Axinn
Methods for improving participation rates in national self-administered web/mail surveys: Evidence from the United States
PloS one
observational crosssectional study investigated relationship combined obesogenic neighbourhood characteristics various cardiovascular disease risk factors adults including bmi systolic blood pressure blood lipids well prevalence overweightobesity hypertension dyslipidaemia conducted largescale pooled analysis comprising data five dutch cohort studies n 183871 neighbourhood obesogenicity defined according obesogenic builtenvironmental characteristics obct index index calculated 1000m circular buffers around participants home addresses cohort association obct index prevalence overweightobesity hypertension dyslipidaemia analysed using robust poisson regression models associations continuous measures bmi systolic blood pressure ldlcholesterol hdlcholesterol triglycerides analysed using linear regression models adjusted age sex education level arealevel socioeconomic status cohortspecific estimates pooled using randomeffects metaanalyses pooled results show 10 point higher obct index score significantly associated 017 higher bmi 95ci 010 024 001 higher ldlcholesterol 95 ci 001 002 001 lower hdl cholesterol 95 ci 002 001 nonsignificantly associated 036 mmhg higher systolic blood pressure 95ci 014 065 10 point higher obct index score also associated higher prevalence overweightobesity pr 103 95 ci 102 105 obesity pr 104 95 ci 101 108 hypertension pr 102 95 ci 100 104 dyslipidaemia largescale pooled analysis five dutch cohort studies shows higher neighbourhood obesogenicity measured obct index associated higher bmi higher prevalence overweightobesity obesity hypertension findings highlight importance considering obesogenic environment potential determinant cardiovascular health