Nikola Synak, Nikola Šabíková, Radomír Masaryk
Correlations Among High School Students' Beliefs about Conspiracy, Authoritarianism, and Scientific Literacy
Science & education
reliable acoustic analysis necessitates availability standard normative values different ages normative values vocal acoustic parameters readily available adult population much data available pediatric population providing database normative vocal acoustic parameters preschool elementary school egyptian children lay objective model diagnosis optimal treatment childhood voice disorders total 237 egyptian children ages 4 9 years genders enrolled study computerassisted acoustic vocal analysis done children fundamental frequency values differed significantly according gender higher measures girls mean values fundamental frequency 25857 hz 3969 jitter percentage 085 067 shimmer percentage 159 103 fundamental tremors 164hz 0421 maximum phonation time 481sec 173 harmonicnoise ratio 1534 db 1065 decline measures fundamental frequency jitter percentage increasing age increase values harmonicnoise ratio shimmer percentage children residing rural areas observed study provides insight normative values vocal acoustic parameters preschool elementary school egyptian children comparable studies fundamental frequency jitter percentage values show decline increasing age also fundamental frequency values differ significantly among genders difference socioeconomic environment seems influence vocal acoustic parameters children