Margubur Rahaman, Avijit Roy, Pradip Chouhan, Najma Iqbal Malik, Shamshad Bashir, Farooq Ahmed, Kun Tang
Contextualizing the standard maternal continuum of care in Pakistan: an application of revised recommendation of the World Health Organization
Frontiers in public health
bone morphogenetic protein bmp signaling critical germline establishment mouse embryogenesis exploit importance induction germline precursors vitro mouse embryonic stem cells mescs cultured embryoid body eb aggregates combinations bmp2 bmp4 bmp8b 310 days day 10 culture welldelineated clusters pou5f1positive pou5f1 cells visible bmp4treated bmp2treated ebs rarely detected untreated bmp8btreated cultures quantitative mrna analysis revealed significant elevation markers associated primordial germ cell development occurred presence bmp4 day 10 including late germline markers ddx4 mvh reasoning germline specification established day 10 surveyed earlier time points altered levels germline marker mrnas peak early markers prdm1 blimp1 ifitm3 fragilis dppa3 stella measured day 3 day 4 ebs grown bmp4 followed decrease day 5 contrast markers pou5f1 nanog dazl ddx4 progressively increased day 3 day 5 transforming growth factor beta superfamily signaling components acvr1 alk2 smad1 smad5 remained relatively constant isolated pou5f1 cells bmp4treated day 5 ebs contained significantly elevated germline markers compared pou5f1negative cells transcript profile differing mescs verifying unique identity results demonstrate signaling bmp2 bmp4 bmp8b enhances germline marker expression within ebs identify day 3 day 5 eb differentiation window specification germ cells vitro