Nick Sommerhalder, Patrick Neff, Zbyněk Bureš, Oliver Profant, Tobias Kleinjung, Martin Meyer
Deficient central mechanisms in tinnitus: Exploring the impact on speech comprehension and executive functions
Hearing research
drawing upon framework life course epidemiology study aligns research mental health consequences significant social transitions early adulthood focus variation initial labour market attachment development depressiveness assuming firm attachment associated decreasing depressiveness baseline investigation studied cohort n 1001 took place final year compulsory schooling age 16 followup surveys conducted ages 18 21 30 43 depressiveness measured fiveitem score multiple trajectory analysis incorporating five labour market statuses observed seven halfyear periods ages 18 21 employed categorize cohort six distinct groups among alltime education education employment education employment employment education considered demonstrate firm labour market attachment meanwhile active labour market policy unemployment represented less firm attachment trajectory depressive symptoms among total cohort age 16 age 43 exhibited broken stick pattern reaching lowest point age 21 pattern evident groups classified firm attachment substantial decrease depressiveness also observed relatively weakly attached active labour market policy group whereas broken stick pattern emerged unemployment group disparities levels depressiveness observed age 21 remained relatively stable across measurements ages 30 43 results expected except observed improvement mental health within active labour market policy group supported labour market attachment emerging adulthood enhance mental wellbeing similarly regular mainstream attachment terms policy recommendations consistently high levels depressiveness within unemployment group underscore importance reducing longterm repeated unemployment young age findings regarding active labour market policy provide evidence interventions benefits primary goal measures create jobs unemployed also include elements contribute participants mental health