Anders L Hage Haugen, Kirsti Riiser, Marc Esser-Noethlichs, Ove Edvard Hatlevik
Fostering pupils' critical health literacy: examining the potential of physical education in lower secondary school
Frontiers in sports and active living
large number psychological consequences including sleep health emerged 2019 coronavirus disease covid19 pandemic sleep patterns toddlers vulnerable negative environmental exposures however studies topic published far paper aimed investigate sleep patterns associated factors toddlers china confined home context covid19 pandemic april november 2021 convenience sample 493 parents young children aged 1235 months surveyed fuzhou sanming quanzhou nanping longyan cities fujian province china crosssectional survey conducted via electronic questionnaires collect parent child socialdemographic characteristics brief infant sleep questionnaire bisq used collect data sleep practices sleep duration patterns well number nocturnal awaking mean age toddlers 211 years old 5254 259493 males among 493 toddlers sleep patterns 331671 initiated sleep accompanied parents 67136 slept independently 59 120 breast fedbottle fed initiate sleep 27 55 held 9 18 rocked clear longitudinal association duration nighttime sleep frequency nighttime awakenings various sleep patterns remains clear p 005 multiple linear regression analysis indicated sleep initiation bottlefeedingbreastfeeding rocked significantly increased frequency nighttime awakenings reduced duration nighttime sleep p 005 held dramatically increasing number nighttime awakenings p 005 multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated toddlers severe sleep difficulties higher probability rocked initiate sleep p 005 conversely young children minor sleep problems apt bed alone initiate sleep p 005 covid19 pandemic infants toddlers initiated sleep accompanied parents tend electronic media exposure bedtime increased waking night may associated sleep initiation breastfeedingbottlefeeding therefore pediatric practitioners primary community hospitals pay attention education promotion sleep hygiene parenting knowledge young children avoid formation poor sleep hygiene habits