Matthias Carl Laupichler, Johanna Flora Rother, Ilona C Grunwald Kadow, Seifollah Ahmadi, Tobias Raupach
Large Language Models in Medical Education: Comparing ChatGPT- to Human-Generated Exam Questions
Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges
brown rot br decay mechanisms employ carbohydrateactive enzymes cazymes well unique nonenzymatic chelatormediated fenton cmf chemistry deconstruct lignocellulosic materials unlike white rot fungi br fungi lack peroxidases lignin deconstruction also lack endoglucanasecellobiohydrolase activities role cmf mechanism plays opening wood cell wall structure advance enzymatic action interaction cmf constituents selective cazyme suite brs possess still unclear expression patterns cmf redox metabolites lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase lpmoaa9 family genes showed lpmo isozymes upregulated genes associated cmf early stages brown rot gloeophyllum trabeum structural studies wood decayed g trabeum compared cmftreated wood cmftreated wood followed treatment either earlyupregulated lpmo commercial cazyme cocktail structural modification decayedtreated wood characterized using small angle neutron scattering cmf treatment produced neutron scattering patterns similar br decay indicating systems enlarged nanopore structure wood cell walls permit enzyme access enzymatic deconstruction cellulose lignin raw wood samples achieved via cazyme cocktail lpmo enzyme action alone cmf treatment resulted depolymerization crystalline cellulose attack progressed outer regions individual crystallites multiple pulses cmf treatment raw wood showed progressive increase spacing cellulose elementary fibrils efs indicating cmf eroded matrix outside ef bundles leading less tightly packed efs peracetic acid delignification treatment enhanced subsequent cmf treatment effects allowed enzyme systems increase spacing efs moreover even single pulse cmf treatment enzymes apparently able penetrate cell wall increase ef spacing data suggest potential earlyupregulated lpmo enzyme work association cmf chemistry suggesting g trabeum may adopted mechanisms integrate nonenzymatic enzymatic chemistries together early stages brown rot decay