Wenxin Tian, Kai Cao, Mei-Po Kwan, Marcus Yu Lung Chiu, Huashuai Chen
How does urbanization affect the cognitive function among older adults: A geospatial analysis in China
Health & place
injury phineas gage fueled research fascination localization cerebral functions past century half physicians anatomists believed gage sustained largely bilateral injury frontal lobes however previous studies seem overlooked less obvious essential details led us reanalyze injury using threedimensional reconstruction quantitative computeraided techniques propose new biomechanical model order determine location extent injury explain gages improbable survival unlike previous studies subject findings based computergenerated threedimensional reconstructions thinslice computed tomography scan cat phineas gages skull results image analysis corroborated clinical findings thoroughly recorded dr harlow 1848 well systematic examination original skull specimen results show cerebral injury limited left frontal lobe extend contralateral side affect ventricular system involve vital intracranial vascular structures although modern neuroscience perhaps outgrown speculations prompted famous case still living part medical folklore education setting record straight based clinical reasoning observation physical evidence sound quantitative computational methods mere minutia interest broad medical community