Shilpa Pal|Anita Sharma|Sagar Modi
Prevalence, Severity and Determinants of Depression in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
introduction patients type 2 diabetes mellitus t2dm higher risk develop depression depression turn adversely affects glycaemic control increases risk diabetesrelated complications mortality large variation among indian studies prevalence depression t2dm associated risk factors aim assess prevalence severity determinants depression among patients t2dm materials methods study conducted tertiary care hospital february 2018february 2019 northindian state uttarakhand study subjects patients t2dm age gt18 years based exclusion inclusion criterias total sample 290 patients studied presence depression assessed using diagnostic statistical manual mental disorders fifth edition dsm5 criteria hamilton depression rating scale hamd used estimate severity depression unpaired ttest mannwhitney u test used compare continuous variables subjects without depression chisquare test used analyse categorical data binary logistic regression analysis used study association likelihood depression predictor variables results among 290 155 males 135 females mean age subjects 5821108 years study subjects t2dm 64 221 found depression using dsm5 criteria 64 patients depression 46 detected mild depression 14 moderate depression 4 severe depression using hamd scale subjects t2dm depression higher proportion females 625 vs 420 pvalue 0004 lower literacy level 531 vs 673 pvalue 0037 higher frequency diabetic retinopathy 859 vs 628 pvalue lt0001 diabetic kidney disease 438 vs 274 pvalue 0013 higher fasting plasma glucose fpg 21779462 vs 19007645 mgdl pvalue 0040 lower haemoglobin 108249 vs 117237 gmdl pvalue 0010 compared subjects without depression binary logistic regression analysis female gender 2457 95 ci 13684413 pvalue 0003 diabetic retinopathy 3842 95 ci 17888255 pvalue 0001 remained significantly associated likelihood depression conclusion depression present onefifth study subjects t2dm majority mild depression female gender diabetic retinopathy associated increased likelihood depression