Hye Jin Yang, Ji-Hye Yang, Si Cheol Jung, Chulhwan Choi, Chul-Ho Bum
Effects of golf instructors' professional certification levels on amateur golfers' perception of instructor expertise, instructor credibility, and lesson participation intention: testing placebo and nocebo effects
Frontiers in psychology
public read write understand statistical information elementary distinctions absolute relative risks better known absence statistical literacy key democratic ideals informed consent shared decision making health care remain science fiction chapter deal tools transparency risk communication focus graphical analog representations risk analog representations use separate icon sign individual population like numerical representations graphical forms transparent whereas others indiscernibly mislead reader review cases 1 tree diagrams representing natural versus relative frequency 2 decision trees representation fast frugal decision making 3 bar graphs representing absolute versus relative risk 4 population diagrams analog representation risk 5 format representation employs colored tinker cubes encoding information individuals population graphs long enjoyed status worth thousand words hence readily accessible human understanding longwinded symbolic representations true false graphical tools well employed transparent nontransparent risk communications