Anna Grzywacz, Aleksandra Suchanecka, Jolanta Chmielowiec, Krzysztof Chmielowiec, Kamila Szumilas, Jolanta Masiak, Łukasz Balwicki, Monika Michałowska-Sawczyn, Grzegorz Trybek
Personality Traits or Genetic Determinants-Which Strongly Influences E-Cigarette Users?
International journal of environmental research and public health
purpose study aimed estimate impact collective shared leadership key teacher variables student achievement well inquired relative contribution different sources leadership whether differences among patterns collective leadership related differences student achievement methods evidence included 2570 teacher responses 90 elementary secondary schools four teachers completed usable surveys student achievement data language math averaged 3 years acquired school web sites data analyzed using pathanalytic techniques findings collective leadership explained significant proportion variation student achievement across schools higherachieving schools awarded leadership influence school members stakeholders greater degree lowerachieving schools differences significant relation leadership exercised school teams parents students principals awarded highest levels influence schools levels achievement implications influence seems infinite resource schools formal leadership roles give away acquire