Tahziba Hussain|K.K. Kulshreshtha|Satwika Sinha|V. S. Yadav|V. M. Katoch
HIV, HBV, HCV, and syphilis co-infections among patients attending the STD clinics of district hospitals in Northern India
National JALMA Institute for Leprosy & Other Mycobacterial Diseases|Indian Council of Medical Research|Indian Council of Medical Research|National JALMA Institute for Leprosy & Other Mycobacterial Diseases|Indian Council of Medical Research|National JALMA Institute for Leprosy & Other Mycobacterial Diseases|National JALMA Institute for Leprosy & Other Mycobacterial Diseases|Indian Council of Medical Research|National JALMA Institute for Leprosy & Other Mycobacterial Diseases|Indian Council of Medical Research
objective study assess risk coinfections human immunodeficiency virus hiv hepatitis b virus hbv hepatitis c virus hcv syphilis among patients attending sexually transmitted disease std clinics antenatal clinics anc obgyn outpatients department opd clinics part sentinel surveillance programa serological screening carried period augustnovember 2002 assess risk infection hiv12 coinfection hbv hcv syphilis among outpatients attending std clinics obgyn opd clinics anc three district hospitals agra etawah farrukhabad uttar pradesh state northern india unlinked coded serum samples received 863 patients 635 females 228 males screened laboratory tests commonly used laboratory diagnosis hiv hbv hcv syphilisamong 863 samples serological reactivity detected hiv12 21 24 hbv 25 29 hcv nine 10 syphilis 47 54 incidence hbv higher among males females ie 10228 44 versus 15635 24 coinfection observed hivhbv two 02 hbvhcv one 01 hivsyphilis one 01 none found coinfection hivhcv hbvsyphilis hcvsyphilis age sex literacy level occupation locality migration presence different sexually transmitted infections significantly influence rate hiv positivesa substantial percentage outpatients seen clinics district hospital uttar pradesh harbor hiv viral hepatitis infections otherwise would remain undiagnosed without serological screening