Ralph C A Rippe, Inge Merkelbach
Planned missing data in early literacy interventions: A replication study with an additional gold standard
PloS one
1 background study examines effects 6week swimming intervention motor competence children 2 methods total 107 children n 52 boys n 55 girls aged 78 063 years recruited five primary schools central england participated study undertaking either aquatic intervention week six weeks acting control group completing usual physical education program participants underwent pre postassessments general motor competence using test gross motor development third edition tgmd3 process measure composite 10 running sprint time standing long jump distance product measures aquatic motor competence assessed via aquatic movement protocol amp fear drowning swimming opportunities also assessed implementing questionnaire 3 results following mixedmodel anova overall main effect found pre 4005 136 post 483 186 tgmd3 scores p 005 pre 387 317 post 506 368 amp scores p 0001 negative significant relationship found amp scores fear water p 001 fear drowning p 005 positive significant relationship found swimming opportunities amp score p 0001 4 conclusions aquaticbased intervention improves aquatic motor competence also transfers improvements dryland movement competencies future research look implement control groupings participate swimming investigate difference swimmers nonswimmers however due swimming part national curriculum england may feasible