UPMC Hillman Cancer Center|Thomas Jefferson University|Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center|Dana-Farber Cancer Institute|University of Pittsburgh Medical Center|UPMC Hillman Cancer Center|Thomas Jefferson University|Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center|Dana-Farber Cancer Institute|University of Pittsburgh Medical Center|UPMC Hillman Cancer Center|Thomas Jefferson University|Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center|Dana-Farber Cancer Institute|University of Pittsburgh Medical Center|UPMC Hillman Cancer Center|Thomas Jefferson University|Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center|Dana-Farber Cancer Institute|University of Pittsburgh Medical Center|UPMC Hillman Cancer Center|Thomas Jefferson University|Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center|Dana-Farber Cancer Institute|University of Pittsburgh Medical Center|UPMC Hillman Cancer Center|Thomas Jefferson University|Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center|Dana-Farber Cancer Institute|University of Pittsburgh Medical Center|UPMC Hillman Cancer Center|Thomas Jefferson University|Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center|Dana-Farber Cancer Institute|University of Pittsburgh Medical Center|UPMC Hillman Cancer Center|Thomas Jefferson University|Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center|Dana-Farber Cancer Institute|University of Pittsburgh Medical Center|UPMC Hillman Cancer Center|Thomas Jefferson University|Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center|Dana-Farber Cancer Institute|University of Pittsburgh Medical Center|UPMC Hillman Cancer Center|Thomas Jefferson University|Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center|Dana-Farber Cancer Institute|University of Pittsburgh Medical Center|UPMC Hillman Cancer Center|Thomas Jefferson University|Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center|Dana-Farber Cancer Institute|University of Pittsburgh Medical Center|UPMC Hillman Cancer Center|Thomas Jefferson University|Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center|Dana-Farber Cancer Institute|University of Pittsburgh Medical Center|UPMC Hillman Cancer Center|Thomas Jefferson University|Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center|Dana-Farber Cancer Institute|University of Pittsburgh Medical Center|UPMC Hillman Cancer Center|Thomas Jefferson University|Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center|Dana-Farber Cancer Institute|University of Pittsburgh Medical Center|UPMC Hillman Cancer Center|Thomas Jefferson University|Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center|Dana-Farber Cancer Institute|University of Pittsburgh Medical Center|UPMC Hillman Cancer Center|Thomas Jefferson University|Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center|Dana-Farber Cancer Institute|University of Pittsburgh Medical Center|UPMC Hillman Cancer Center|Thomas Jefferson University|Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center|Dana-Farber Cancer Institute|University of Pittsburgh Medical Center|UPMC Hillman Cancer Center|Thomas Jefferson University|Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center|Dana-Farber Cancer Institute|University of Pittsburgh Medical Center|UPMC Hillman Cancer Center|Thomas Jefferson University|Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center|Dana-Farber Cancer Institute|University of Pittsburgh Medical Center|UPMC Hillman Cancer Center|Thomas Jefferson University|Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center|Dana-Farber Cancer Institute|University of Pittsburgh Medical Center|UPMC Hillman Cancer Center|Thomas Jefferson University|Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center|Dana-Farber Cancer Institute|University of Pittsburgh Medical Center|UPMC Hillman Cancer Center|Thomas Jefferson University|Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center|Dana-Farber Cancer Institute|University of Pittsburgh Medical Center|UPMC Hillman Cancer Center|Thomas Jefferson University|Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center|Dana-Farber Cancer Institute|University of Pittsburgh Medical Center|UPMC Hillman Cancer Center|Thomas Jefferson University|Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center|Dana-Farber Cancer Institute|University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
health care costs united states present major challenge national economic well centers medicare medicaid services cms projected us health care spending reach 43 trillion account 193 national gross domestic product 20191 growth spendingboth absolute terms proportion gross domestic producthas accompanied commensurate improvements health outcomes despite expenditures far exceeding countries24 one fastest growing components us health care costs cancer care cost estimated increase 125 billion 2010 158 billion 20201 although cancer care represents small fraction overall health care costs contribution health care cost escalation increasing faster areas several factors increasing prevalence cancer due overall aging population better control causes competing mortality introduction costly new drugs techniques radiation therapy surgery adoption expensive diagnostic tests cases adoption newer expensive diagnostic therapeutic interventions may well supported medical evidence thereby raising costs without improving outcomes5 coupled even driving rising costs sometimes unrealistic patient family expectations lead clinicians offer recommend services despite lack supporting evidence utility benefit6