Monika Ravik, Etty Ragnhild Nilsen, Marianne Wighus, Randi Garang Mofossbakke, Gro Gade Haanes
Clinical placement education during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic shapes new nurses: A qualitative study
International journal of nursing studies advances
paper reviewed nature childrens physical activity patterns unique nature children impact assessment physical activity accurately assess childrens activity patterns instrument must sensitive enough detect code record sporadic intermittent activity care also must used select criterion measures reflect appropriate physical activity guidelines children number different measurement approaches described assessing childrens activity specific method identified best option studies selection appropriate instrument depends specific research question addressed well relative importance accuracy practicality baranowski simonsmorton 1991 example accurate measures energy expenditure using doublylabeled water indirect calorimetry heart rate calibration equations may needed certain clinical studies cost inconvenience would make impractical fieldbased assessments larger samples accuracypracticality tradeoff presents challenging predicament children adults adults number selfreport instruments found useful large epidemiological studies interventions less precision needed developmental differences especially ability think abstractly perform detailed recall going et al 1999 sallis 1991 children less likely make accurate selfreport assessment adults though selfreport methods still likely principal source information many studies approaches use combined measures may needed better characterize childrens activity levels objective instruments eg direct observation activity monitoring require time resources selfreport options available simplify data collection one approach may focus assessments key times places allow children active time school example appears critical period defines propensity physical activity hager 1999 monitoring entire groups discrete periods time eg recess physical education may also useful understand variability activity patterns since children would exposed stimulus opportunity active proxy measures may also useful studying activity children example several studies baranowski thompson durant baranowski puhl 1993 sallis et al 1993 demonstrated time spent outside strongly predictive activity children involvement community sports programs may also useful proxy measure sports programs found account approximately 5565 childrens moderate vigorous activity katzmarzyk malina 1999 another option improving assessments children employ multiple measures physical activity number studies coleman saelens wiedrichsmith finn epstein 1997 mcmurray et al 1998 sallis et al 1998 simonsmorton et al 1994 reported differences levels activity activity monitors compared selfreport data method measurement also shown influence results studies determinants physical activity children epstein paluch coleman vito anderson 1996 currently know measure accurate reporting results different instruments provides complete description childrens activity permit triangulation outcomes summary remains single way obtaining highly accurate account physical activity energy expenditure children nature childrens movement patterns various types activities engaged inherent limitations assessment tool limit ultima