Peter C Sun, Nancy Morrow-Howell, Elizabeth Pawloski, Alexander Helbach
Older Adults' Attitudes Toward Virtual Volunteering During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society
study compares pandemic experiences missouris 115 counties based rurality sociodemographic characteristics 191820 influenza 202021 covid19 pandemics states counties overall population distribution remained relatively stable last century enables identification longlasting pandemic attributes sociodemographic data available county level time periods taken us census data used create clusters similar counties counties also grouped rural status rsu including fully 100 rural semirural 149 living urban areas urban 50 population living urban areas deaths 1918 1920 collated missouri digital heritage database covid19 cases deaths downloaded missouri covid19 dashboard results sociodemographic analyses indicate time periods average farm value proportion white literacy important determinants sociodemographic clusters furthermore urbancentral southeastern regions experienced higher mortality pandemics north south analyses comparing county groups rurality indicated throughout 191820 influenza pandemic urban counties highest rural lowest mortality rates early 202021 covid19 pandemic urban counties saw extensive epidemic spread highest mortality epidemic progressed cumulative mortality became highest semirural counties additional results highlight greater effects pandemics county groups lower rates education lower proportion whites population especially true far southeastern counties missouri bootheel covid19 pandemic results indicate ruralurban socioeconomic differences health outcomes longstanding problems continue significant importance even though overall quality health care substantially better 21st century