Ana Carolina Alvares Lavigne de Lemos Tavares, Ana Gabriela Alvares Travassos, Francisca Rego, Rui Nunes
Bioethics curriculum in medical schools in Portuguese-speaking countries
BMC medical education
parental socioeconomic status ses wellestablished predictor childrens neurocognitive development several theories propose specific cognitive skills particularly vulnerable however challenging test cognitive assessments pure measures distinct neurocognitive processes scores across different tests often highly correlated aside one previous study tuckerdrob little research tested associations ses cognition explained differences general cognitive ability rather specific cognitive skills using structural equation modelling sem tested parental ses associated individual cognitive test scores controlling latent general cognitive ability data three largescale cohorts totalling 16360 participants uk usa ages 619 used associations ses cognitive test scores mainly entirely explained general cognitive ability socioeconomic advantage associated particularly strong vocabulary performance unexplained general ability controlling general cognitive ability socioeconomic disadvantage associated better executive functions better characterizing relationships cognition adversity crucial first step toward designing interventions narrow socioeconomic gaps research highlights understanding environmental influences cognitive development crucial goal developmental scienceparental socioeconomic status ses one strongest predictors several theories proposed specific cognitive skills language certain executive functions particularly susceptible socioeconomic adversity using structural equation modelling tested whether ses predicts specific cognitive academic tests controlling latent general cognitive ability across three largescale cohorts ses moderately predicted latent general cognitive ability associations specific cognitive skills mainly small exceptions