Richard K. Wagner|Cynthia S. Puranik|Barbara R. Foorman|Elizabeth Foster|Laura Gehron Wilson|Erika Tschinkel|Patricia Thatcher Kantor
Modeling the development of written language
Florida State University|University of Pittsburgh|Florida State University|Florida State University|George Washington University|Harvard University Press|Florida State University
alternative models structure individual developmental differences written composition handwriting fluency tested using confirmatory factor analysis writing samples provided first fourthgrade students groups fivefactor model provided best fit data four factors represented aspects written composition macroorganization use top sentence number ordering ideas productivity number diversity words used complexity mean length tunit syntactic density spelling punctuation fifth factor represented handwriting fluency handwriting fluency correlated written composition factors grades magnitude developmental differences first grade fourth grade expressed effect sizes varied variables representing five constructs large effect sizes found productivity handwriting fluency variables moderate effect sizes found complexity macroorganization variables minimal effect sizes found spelling punctuation variables