Zhangqi Wang, Maria Lapinski, Elizabeth Quilliam, Lee-Ann Jaykus, Angela Fraser
The effect of hand-hygiene interventions on infectious disease-associated absenteeism in elementary schools: A systematic literature review
American journal of infection control
estimate prevalence speech delay ld shriberg austin b lewis j l mcsweeny l wilson 1997b united states basis findings demographically representative population subsample 1328 monolingual englishspeaking 6yearold children childrens speech language previously assessed epidemiology specific language impairment project see j b tomblin et al 1997 screened 7218 children stratified cluster samples within 3 population centers upper midwest assess articulation word articulation subtest test language development2 primary newcomer hammill 1988 administered 1328 children conversational speech samples obtained subsample 303 23 children 6 primary findings follows prevalence speech delay 6yearold children 38 b speech delay approximately 15 times prevalent boys 45 girls 31 c crosstabulations sex residential strata racialcultural backgrounds yielded prevalence rates speech delay ranging 0 approximately 9 comorbidity speech delay language impairment 13 051 specific language impairment sli e approximately 1115 children persisting speech delay sli f approximately 58 children persisting sli speech delay discussion includes implications findings speechlanguage phenotyping genetics studies