Marcella Ogenchuk, Robert St Pierre, Gerry Uswak, Holly Graham, Robert Weiler, Vivian R Ramsden
Community led: celebrating wellness with a smile
International journal of circumpolar health
underrepresentation women top mathintensive fields controversial competing claims biological sociocultural causation authors develop framework delineate possible causal pathways evaluate evidence biological evidence contradictory inconclusive although crosscultural crosscohort differences suggest powerful effect sociocultural context evidence specific factors inconsistent contradictory factors unique underrepresentation mathintensive fields include following mathproficient women disproportionately prefer careers nonmathintensive fields likely leave mathintensive careers advance b men women score extreme mathproficient range gatekeeper tests sat mathematics graduate record examinations quantitative reasoning sections c women high math competence disproportionately likely high verbal competence allowing greater choice professions mathintensive fields women children penalized promotion rates evidence indicates womens preferences potentially representing free constrained choices constitute powerful explanatory factor secondary factor performance gatekeeper tests likely resulting sociocultural rather biological causes