Shanti Prasad Khanal, Chitra Bahadur Budhathoki, Bhimsen Devkota, Torsten Michael Bollweg, Orkan Okan
Adolescents' understanding of the Nepalese version of HLS-CHILD-Q15: qualitative pre-testing in ninth-graders
BMC public health
socioeconomic differences seasonality childrens learning school year summer months achievement gap across social lines increases primary grades much research indicates descriptive analyses hlm withinperson growth models representative panel baltimore school children demonstrate increase traced mainly outofschool environment ie influences situated home community schoolyear verbal quantitative achievement gains comparable upper socioeconomic status ses lower ses children summer gains children school evidence large disparities summer upper ses childrens skills continue advance albeit slower rate school year lower ses childrens gains average flat seasonal pattern achievement gains implies schooling plays important compensatory role one obscured achievement compared annual basis typical policy implications seasonality learning discussed including support preventive measures preschool years programs possibly including calendar reforms summer school support disadvantaged childrens learning yearround