Rob Edwin Carpenter, Leanne Coyne, Dave Silberman, Jody Kyoto Takemoto
Enhanced numeracy skills following team-based learning in United States pharmacy students: a longitudinal cohort study
Journal of educational evaluation for health professions
equity essential domain health care quality centers medicare medicaid services cms developed 2 disparity methods together assess equity clinical outcomes define measure equitable readmissions identify hospitals equitable readmissions insurance dual eligible vs nondual eligible patient race black vs white compare hospitals without equitable readmissions hospital characteristics performance accountability measures quality cost value crosssectional study us hospitals eligible cms hospitalwide readmission measure using medicare data july 2018 june 2019 created definition equitable readmissions using cms disparity methods evaluate hospitals 2 methods outcomes populations risk disparities acrosshospital method disparities care within hospitals patient populations withinasinglehospital method hospital patient demographics hospital characteristics 3 measures hospital performancequality cost value quality relative cost 4638 hospitals 74 served sufficient number dualeligible patients 42 served sufficient number black patients apply cms disparity methods insurance race eligible hospitals 17 equitable readmission rates insurance 30 race hospitals equitable readmissions insurance race cared lower percentage black patients insurance 19 iqr 0288 vs 33 iqr 07108 p 01 race 76 iqr 32166 vs 93 iqr 40190 p 01 differed nonequitable hospitals multiple domains teaching status geography size p 01 examining equity insurance hospitals low costs likely equitable readmissions odds ratio 157 95 ci 138177 relationship quality value equity examining equity race hospitals high overall quality likely equitable readmissions odds ratio 114 95 ci 103126 relationship cost value equity minority hospitals achieved equitable readmissions notably hospitals equitable readmissions characteristically different without example hospitals equitable readmissions served fewer black patients reinforcing role structural racism hospitallevel inequities implementation equitable readmission measure must consider unequal distribution atrisk patients among hospitals