Marlaine E. Lockheed|Hans Wagemaker
International Large-Scale Assessments: Thermometers, Whips or Useful Policy Tools?
World Bank|International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement
past three decades number developing countries participating international largescale assessments ilsas increased dramatically developing countries usage data ilsas informing educational policy fully realised paper authors argue ilsas useful policy tools alignment must occur ilsas measurement quality mission capacity development mission review use ilsas whips thermometers discuss issues measurement related range skills assessed capacity measure change time inclusion indicators measure home classroom school factors related student achievement discuss ilsas built assessment capacity developing countries changes would needed improve utility policymakers