Emily Marchant, Joanna Dowd, Lucy Bray, Gill Rowlands, Nia Miles, Tom Crick, Michaela James, Kevin Dadaczynski, Orkan Okan
The well-being and work-related stress of senior school leaders in Wales and Northern Ireland during COVID-19 "educational leadership crisis": A cross-sectional descriptive study
PloS one
important part surgical training ophthalmology understanding proficiently perform cataract surgery operating skill cataract surgery typically assessed realtime videobased expert review using rating scale timeconsuming subjective labourintensive typical trainee graduates 100 complete surgeries requires review surgical educators due consistently repetitive nature task lends well machine learningbased evaluation recent studies utilize deep learning models trained tool motion trajectories obtained using additional equipment robotic systems however process tool recognition extracting frames videos perform phase recognition followed skill assessment exhaustive project proposes deep learning model skill evaluation using raw surgery videos costeffective endtoend trainable advanced ensemble convolutional neural network models leveraged model technical skills cataract surgeries evaluated using large dataset comprising almost 200 surgical trials highest accuracy 08494 observed phacoemulsification step data model yielded average accuracy 08200 average auc score 08800 four phase datasets cataract surgery proving robustness different data proposed ensemble model 2d 3d convolutional neural networks demonstrated promising result without using tool motion trajectories evaluate surgery expertise