Sally J Wheelwright, Stephanie Russ, Freda Mold, Jo Armes, Helena Harder
Symptomatic presentation of cancer in primary care: a scoping review of patients' experiences and needs during the cancer diagnostic pathway
BMJ open
motivation key factor engagement achievement career choices science technology engineering mathematics stem existing research focused student motivation toward math formal school programs new work needed focuses motivation involved informal stem programs specifically role math mindset perceived inclusivity informal stem sites varying gender ethnic backgrounds longitudinal trajectories adolescents math motivation explored study investigates longitudinal changes math expectancy interest utility values effects math fixed mindset math growth mindset perceptions inclusivity informal stem learning sites changes adolescents participating stem programs informal sites united kingdom united states n 249 mt1age 152 sd 159 three latent growth curve models tested data suggest math expectancy interest utility values declined three years growth mindset positively predicted changes utility fixed mindset negatively predicted changes utility inclusivity positively influenced initial levels utility girls reported lower initial expectancy boys age influenced initial levels rate change expectancy older adolescents lower levels expectancy compared younger counterparts however less steep decline expectancy three years findings suggest designing inclusive learning environments promoting growth mindset may encourage math motivation