Vanessa Chire Illachura, Maria Inés Montesinos-Malpartida, Luciana Bellido-Boza, Zully M Puyén, Dora Blitchtein-Winicki
Physical punishment and effective verbal communication in children aged 9-36 months, according to sex: secondary analysis of a national survey
BMC pediatrics
health disparities experienced disadvantaged group limited access healthcare decreased quality care quality care measured physicianpatient communication measures length visit health outcomes patient satisfaction services one receives screening health education study aims determine relationship length physicianpatient encounter number preventive services ethnicity race study utilizes data national ambulatory medical care survey namcs 2007 2016 visits single diagnosis selected visits five frequent diagnoses selected international classification diseases ninth tenth revision icd9icd10 classification primary outcome time spent physician minutes number preventive services provided represented preventive service index psi 255916 visits nonwhite individuals made 162 95 confidence interval 159164 latinos represented 134 95ci 132136 individuals multivariate analysis revealed minimal differences visit length race ethnic groups regardless diagnosis greater psi associated individuals less 43 years old odds ratio 20 95 ci 1823 p 00001 reside metropolitan statistical areas msas 12 95 ci 1114 p 0006 nonwhite individuals 12 95 ci 1113 p 0004 private insurance 13 95 ci 1114 p 00001 race ethnicity predict length time physician regardless diagnosis age race location within metropolitan area insurance significant minimal predictors receiving preventive services rankorder leading five frequent diagnoses large populationbased study highlights improvements distribution healthcare services previous studies