Christina Weiland, Rebecca Unterman, Anna Shapiro
The Kindergarten Hotspot: Literacy Skill Convergence Between Boston Prekindergarten Enrollees and Nonenrollees
Child development
evaluate cumulative summation cusum analysis learning curve endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal resection craniopharyngioma eetc retrospectively analyzed clinical data 113 patients underwent eetc neurosurgery team first affiliated hospital nanchang university june 2012 november 2020 learning curve created cusum method analyzed divided two groups learning stage stable stage based learning curve trend median operation time minimum surgical case number calculated operation time postoperative complications compared two groups median operation time 318 min best fitting curve equation 22772 4906x 014x2 005x3 r2 0949 p 0001 minimum number surgical cases 65 two groups operation time decreased 3608 1064 min learning group 2816 699 min stable group p 005 incidence postoperative complications intracranial infection cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea diabetes insipidus significantly reduced p 005 cusum learning curve craniopharyngioma resection via endoscope endonasal transsphenoidal approach could better describe learning process neurosurgeon frequency surgery could good factor strengthening learning effect help shorten learning time 65 cases eetc surgical skills reach stable stage operation time obviously shortened postoperative complications significantly reduced