Paul N Durrington, Bilal Bashir, Handrean Soran
What should be the goal of cholesterol-lowering treatment? A quantitative evaluation dispelling guideline myths
Current opinion in lipidology
individual differences spatial thinking predictive childrens math science achievement later entry science technology engineering mathematics stem disciplines little known whether parent characteristics predict individual differences childrens spatial thinking study aims understand whether extent mothers intrinsic ie mental rotation extrinsic ie spatial scaling spatial ability directly indirectly via variation home spatial environment predicts childrens intrinsic extrinsic spatial ability total 165 mothers 46yearold children recruited participate remote video session experimenter mothers administered forcedchoice intrinsic spatial toy preference task gauging preference highly spatial versus less spatial toys asked questions home intrinsic spatial environmental questionnaire frequency engage child spatial activities home mothers completed mental rotations test spatial scaling task adapted adults children administered picture rotation task spatial scaling task peabody picture vocabulary test structural equation modeling used examine direct indirect via home spatial environment toy choices influences mother spatial ability child spatial ability contrary predictions find direct indirect relations mother child spatial ability findings suggest researchers consider alternative conceptualizations early home spatial environment beyond frequency spatial play home research highlights identification factors predict individual differences childrens spatial ability important order maximize stem learning outcomes data collection conducted remotely rather traditional preschool laboratory settings contrary preregistered hypotheses significant relations mother spatial ability early home spatial environment childrens development spatial skills found future research consider examining amount spatial language used home quality parentchild interactions spatial play potential explanations individual differences childrens spatial ability