Ewa Małgorzata Szepietowska, Sara Filipiak
Interpretation of familiar metaphors and proverbs by Polish people in middle and late adulthood
International journal of language & communication disorders
determine relationship literacy asthma knowledge ability use metereddose inhaler mdi among patients asthmacrosssectional surveyemergency department asthma clinic urban public hospitalconvenience sample 273 patients presenting emergency department asthma exacerbation 210 patients presenting specialized asthma clinic routine caremeasurement literacy rapid estimate adult literacy medicine asthma knowledge 20 question oral test demonstration mdi technique sixitem assessmentonly 27 patients read highschool level although two thirds reported highschool graduates 33 read seventh eighthgrade level 27 fourth sixthgrade level 13 thirdgrade level mean asthma knowledge scores sd directly related reading levels 15125 13925 13428 11925 respectively p 001 patient reading level strongest predictor asthma knowledge score multivariate analysis poor mdi technique 3 correct steps found 89 patients reading less thirdgrade level compared 48 patients reading highschool level multivariate regression analyses reading level strongest predictor mdi techniqueinadequate literacy common strongly correlated poorer knowledge asthma improper mdi use