Kelli Cristina do Prado Côrrea, Maria Aparecida Miranda de Paula Machado, Simone Rocha de Vasconcellos Hage
Skills for the literacy process
CoDAS
parents carers major influence childrens learning development birth school years adulthood parental contributions education include providing secure environment learn providing intellectual stimulation transmitting social norms values shaping childs resilience fostering literacy problemsolving encouraging personal social aspiration increasingly providers formalised education recognising primary role parents carers wider family well peers environment shaping childrens education health life experiences assess effectiveness families schools together fast programme improving outcomes among children families october 2018 december 2018 searched central medline embase psycinfo 11 additional databases three trial registers handsearched reference lists included studies relevant reports reviews contacted programme developer independent researchers searched relevant websites identify eligible studies included randomised controlled trials rcts quasircts examining effects fast relative waiting list usual alternative services intervention outcomes children aged birth completion compulsory education families least two review authors independently evaluated records retrieved search relevance one review author jv extracted data eligible studies second independent review author af dk sl review authors consulted one another resolve disagreements used fixedeffect model metaanalysis presented results standardised mean differences smds outcomes continuously scaled accompanied 95 confidence intervals cis used grade approach assess certainty evidence outcome identified 10 completed rcts relatively recent 2007 later conducted least involvement intervention developer fast organisation nine 10 trials usa uk children young five nine years old mean age approximately six years therefore whilst named reports evaluations consisted sometimes referred kids fast sometimes elementary level fast among usabased studies least 62 participants members racialethnic minority group commonly african american latino fast usually delivered schools school day trials lasted eight weeks usually examined effects fast relative additional intervention studies funded agencies us federal government judged certainty evidence included studies moderate low main review outcomes failure include families outcome analyses attrition possible bias recruitment families trials main limitations evidencewe included 9000 children families least one metaanalysis follow results relate metaanalyses data longterm followupprimary outcomesfour studies approximately 6276 children assessed child school performance longterm followup effect size small ci include effects real suggest possibly important positive negative effects viewed individual perspective smd 002 95 ci 011 008 assessed certainty evidence outcome moderate studies assessed child adverse events parental substance use parental stresssecondary outcomesparent reports child internalising behaviour smd 003 95 ci 011 017 4 rcts approximately 908 children lowcertainty evidence family relationships smd 008 95 ci 003 019 4 rcts approximately 2569 children moderatecertainty evidence also yielded cis include effects real suggest possibly important positive negative effectsthe ci parent reports child externalising behaviour however include effects real possibly large enough important smd 019 95 ci 032 005 4 rcts approximately 754 children lowcertainty evidence given results hard support assertion assignment fast associated important positive outcomes children parents