Jiyon Lee|Moslem Ladoni|James W. Richardson|Raghav Prashant Sundar|Laura Bix
Investigating the efficacy of an interactive warning for use in labeling strategies used by us pharmacies
Michigan State University|Statistical Research (United States)|Michigan State University|Zimmer Biomet (United States)|Michigan State University|Michigan State University|Michigan State University
united states pharmacies repackage medications multidose vials enabling customized dosing prescription drugs investment infrastructure made predominant approach packaging us prescriptions although recent changes labeling discourage use auxiliary labels small stickers highlighting information germane safe effective use still allowed usp17 provided use comes evidencebased perspectiveevaluate interactive placements auxiliary labels placement requiring physical manipulation warning accomplish task eg opening garner attention compared placed vertically horizontallyninetysix participants eye tracked opening three prescription vials auxiliary warning label different placement vertical horizontal interactive recall recognition tested subsequently linear mixed models used analyze continuous variables binary response variables analyzed using generalized linear mixed models effect auxiliary labels fitted fixed effect subjecttosubject variation considered random effect model participants age health literacy sex added models effect statistically significant alpha005the placement warnings significantly impacted time spent viewing information contained alpha005 people spent significantly longer interactive placements 096 sd 013 seconds either horizontal placements 027 sd 0037 seconds placed vertically 018 seconds sd 0035 participants equally likely see information presented interactive placement 90 sd 38 horizontal placement 78 sd 055 less likely view warnings placed vertically 60 sd 69 free recall responses also supported use interactive placement 62 sd 68 recall compared horizontal placements 29 sd 30 20 sd 60 vertical placementsdata provides evidence suggests interactive horizontal placements outperform auxiliary labels placed vertically prescription vials regard garnering patient attention