Nicola Rahman, Bernadette Sebar, Ernesta Sofija
It's the wild west out there': A qualitative study of the views and preparedness of health professionals in helping young adult e-cigarette users to quit
Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
importance proportional reasoning long recognized psychologists educators yet still good understanding humans mentally represent proportions paper present psychophysical model proportion estimation extending previous approaches assumed proportion representations formed representing magnitude proportion stimuli part complement gaussian activations mind mentally combined form proportion next derived internal representation proportions including bias internal noise parameters capturing respectively estimations depart true values variable estimations methodologically introduced mixture components account contaminating behaviors guessing reversal responses framed model hierarchical way found empirical support model testing group 4th grade children spatial proportion estimation task particular internal density reproduced asymmetries skewedness seen previous reports estimation tasks model accurately described wide variations subjects behavior bias estimates general smaller using previous approaches due models capacity absorb contaminating behaviors property model especial relevance studies aimed linking psychophysical measures broader cognitive abilities also recovered higher levels noise reported discrimination spatial magnitudes discuss possible explanations conclude illustrating concrete application model study effects scaling proportional reasoning highlighting value quantitative models field research