Philip S. Dale|Maria Grazia Tosto|Marianna E. Hayiou?Thomas|Robert Plomin
Why does parental language input style predict child language development? A twin study of gene–environment correlation
University of New Mexico|National Research Tomsk State University|University of York|University of York|King's College London
wellestablished correlations parental input style child language development typically interpreted evidence input style causes influences rate changes child language present evidence large twin study teds 8395 pairs report also likely childtoparent effects shared genetic effects parent child selfreported parental language style child age 3 age 4 aggregated informal language stimulation factor corrective feedback factor age former positively correlated child language concurrently longitudinally 3 4 45 years whereas latter weakly negatively correlated parental input factors moderately heritable child language longitudinal bivariate analysis showed correlation language stimulation factor child language significantly moderately due shared genes suggestive evidence longitudinal phenotypic analysis prediction parental language stimulation child language includes evocative passive geneenvironment correlation latter playing larger role learning outcomes reader understand correlations parental language rate child language ambiguous twin studies clarify relationship reader also understand based present study least two aspects parental language style informal language stimulation corrective feedback substantial genetic influence informal language stimulation substantial portion prediction child language represents effect shared genes parent child also appreciated basic research findings imply parental language input style unimportant interventions cannot effective