Susan D McMahon, Eric Peist, Jacqueline O Davis, Kailyn Bare, Andrew Martinez, Linda A Reddy, Dorothy L Espelage, Eric M Anderman
Physical aggression toward teachers: Antecedents, behaviors, and consequences
Aggressive behavior
using data early childhood longitudinal study kindergarten cohort 1998 n 15070 study used propensity scores examine short longterm academic psychosocial benefits preschool education diverse sample middleclass children compared children attended informal care age 4 preschool attendees consistently performed better achievement tests age 5 early adolescence exhibited less optimal psychosocial skills negative behavioral effects preschool concentrated among children attended preschool 20 hours per week otherwise little evidence heterogeneity function program type child familycharacteristics longterm academic advantages preschool however largely explained positive effects academic skills early formal schooling evidence convergence childrens academic test scores partially attributed differences childrens social skills early elementary school years