Eyal Bar-Haim, Debora Pricila Birgier
Language distance and labor market integration of migrants: Gendered perspective
PloS one
although tummy time recommended form physical activity nonmovable infants worldwide little known regarding current status tummy time practices among chinese infants early childhood education ece institutions provide children rich learning experiences however tummy time practices among infants ece institutions unclear study aimed investigate status tummy time among infants within context ece institutions conducted crosssectional survey primary caregivers infants aged 011 months across 31 provinces china 1 march 30 april 2023 recruit participants collaborated gymboree play music ece institution 500 centres nearly 200 cities urban china survey instrument developed based world health organization guidelines literature collect data infants tummy time practices caregivers tummy time knowledge information sources used selfadministered questionnaires wechat participants scanned quick response qr code complete questionnaire included 1040 infants primary caregivers 504 infants aged 05 536 infants aged 611 months old less half infants 482 started tummy time neonatal period 205 starting within two weeks birth 272 infants engaged least 30 minutes tummy time last 24 hours infants aged 05 months significantly lower aged 611 months 216 vs 325 p 00001 significant difference found attending ece class nonattending ece class groups proportion infants tummy time 30 minutes per day 289 vs 234 p 00625 however infants aged 05 months attending group engaged longer duration tummy time nonattending group p 00005 compliance tummy time guidelines infants receiving longnurturing care significantly higher receiving shortnurturing care 304 vs 221 p 00036 427 caregivers knew least 30 minutes daily tummy time necessary infant primary caregivers attending group knew compared nonattending group 453 vs 368 p 00098 current status infants tummy time practices caregivers knowledge generally suboptimal within context ece institutions urban china longer nurturing time contributes higher compliance tummy time guidelines effectively promoting tummy time practices multiple channels china crucial