Sofia Khan, Rameen K Walters, Angelica M Walker, Shaun A Nguyen, Stanley Y Liu, Timothy J Tremont, Mohamed A Abdelwahab
The readability of online patient education materials on maxillomandibular advancement surgery
Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung
cornerstone surgical residency training educational program produces highly skilled effective surgeons training structures constantly revised due evolving program structures shifting workforces variability clinical environment resulted significant heterogeneity surgical resident education training tools utilized measures training efficacy systematically reviewed educational interventions technical skills neurosurgery published across pubmed embase web science four decades extracted general characteristics surgical training tool categorizing educational interventions modality neurosurgical application identified 626 studies developed surgical training tools across eight different training modalities textbooks literature 11 online resources 53 didactic teaching oneonone instruction 7 laboratory courses 50 cadaveric models 63 animal models 47 mixed reality 166 physical models 229 publication volume grown exponentially majority studies cited relatively low frequency training programs published development validation phase 21 tools implemented longterm training modality expressed unique strengths limitations limited data reported educational impact connected training tool numerous surgical training tools developed implemented across residency training programs though many creative cuttingedge tools devised evidence supporting educational efficacy longterm application lacking increased utilization novel surgical training tools require validation metrics used assess training outcomes optimized integration clinical practice