Betty T Izumi, Rie Akamatsu, Carmen Byker Shanks, Kahori Fujisaki
An ethnographic study exploring factors that minimize lunch waste in Tokyo elementary schools
Public health nutrition
purpose purpose study examine relative impact different types leadership students academic nonacademic outcomes research design methodology involved analysis findings 27 published studies relationship leadership student outcomes first metaanalysis including 22 27 studies involved comparison effects transformational instructional leadership student outcomes second metaanalysis involved comparison effects five inductively derived sets leadership practices student outcomes twelve studies contributed second analysis findings first metaanalysis indicated average effect instructional leadership student outcomes three four times transformational leadership inspection survey items used measure school leadership revealed five sets leadership practices dimensions establishing goals expectations resourcing strategically planning coordinating evaluating teaching curriculum promoting participating teacher learning development ensuring orderly supportive environment second metaanalysis revealed strong average effects leadership dimension involving promoting participating teacher learning development moderate effects dimensions concerned goal setting planning coordinating evaluating teaching curriculum conclusions implications research practice comparisons transformational instructional leadership five leadership dimensions suggested leaders focus relationships work learning core business teaching learning greater influence student outcomes article concludes discussion need leadership research practice closely linked evidence effective teaching effective teacher learning alignment could increase impact school leadership student outcomes even