Sherita Hill Golden|Arleen F. Brown|Jane A. Cauley|Marshall H. Chin|Tiffany L. Gary?Webb|Catherine Kim|Julie Ann Sosa|Anne E. Sumner|Blair Anton
Health Disparities in Endocrine Disorders: Biological, Clinical, and Nonclinical Factors—An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement
Johns Hopkins Medicine|Johns Hopkins University|University of California, Los Angeles|University of Pittsburgh|University of Chicago|Columbia University|University of Michigan–Ann Arbor|Yale University|National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases|National Institutes of Health|Johns Hopkins University
aim provide scholarly review published literature biological clinical nonclinical contributors raceethnic sex disparities endocrine disorders identify current gaps knowledge focus future research needs participants development scientific statement endocrine societys scientific statement task force sstf selected leader statement development group shg selected eightmember writing group expertise endocrinology health disparities approved society discussions regarding scientific statement content occurred via teleconference written correspondence funding provided expert peer reviewer participants volunteered time prepare scientific statementthe primary sources data global disease prevalence world health organization comprehensive literature search pubmed identified us populationbased studies search strategies combining medical subject headings terms keyword terms phrases defined two concepts 1 racial ethnic sex differences including specific populations 2 specific endocrine disorder condition search identified systematic reviews metaanalyses large cohort populationbased studies original studies focusing prevalence determinants disparities endocrine disorders consensus process writing group focused population differences highly prevalent endocrine diseases type 2 diabetes mellitus related conditions prediabetes diabetic complications gestational diabetes metabolic syndrome focus obesity dyslipidemia thyroid disorders osteoporosis vitamin deficiency authors reviewed synthesized evidence areas expertise final statement incorporated responses several levels review 1 comments sstf advocacy public outreach core committee 2 suggestions offered council members endocrine societyseveral themes emerged statement including need basic science populationbased translational health services studies explore underlying mechanisms contributing endocrine health disparities compared nonhispanic whites nonhispanic blacks worse outcomes higher mortality certain disorders despite lower eg macrovascular complications diabetes mellitus osteoporotic fractures similar eg thyroid cancer incidence disorders obesity important contributor diabetes risk minority populations sex disparities thyroid cancer suggesting population interventions targeting weight loss may favorably impact number endocrine disorders important implications regarding definition obesity different raceethnic groups including potential underestimation disease risk asianamericans overestimation nonhispanic black women ethnicspecific cutpoints central obesity determined clinicians adequately assess metabolic risk little evidence genetic differences contribute significantly raceethnic disparities endocrine disorders examined multilevel interventions reduced disparities diabetes care successes modeled design similar interventions endocrine diseases