Ruiling Chen, Lirui Zhang
On Chinese learning strategies of learners from Central Asian countries: an analysis of gender, age, and learning duration effects
Frontiers in psychology
importance gutbrain axis maintaining homeostasis long appreciated however past 15 yr seen emergence microbiota trillions microorganisms within bodies one key regulators gutbrain function led appreciation importance distinct microbiotagutbrain axis axis gaining ever traction fields investigating biological physiological basis psychiatric neurodevelopmental agerelated neurodegenerative disorders microbiota brain communicate via various routes including immune system tryptophan metabolism vagus nerve enteric nervous system involving microbial metabolites shortchain fatty acids branched chain amino acids peptidoglycans many factors influence microbiota composition early life including infection mode birth delivery use antibiotic medications nature nutritional provision environmental stressors host genetics extreme life microbial diversity diminishes aging stress particular significantly impact microbiotagutbrain axis stages life much recent work implicated gut microbiota many conditions including autism anxiety obesity schizophrenia parkinsons disease alzheimers disease animal models paramount linking regulation fundamental neural processes neurogenesis myelination microbiome activation microglia moreover translational human studies ongoing greatly enhance field future studies focus understanding mechanisms underlying microbiotagutbrain axis attempt elucidate microbialbased intervention therapeutic strategies neuropsychiatric disorders