Kenneth J. Gruber|Susan Cupito|Christina F. Dobson
Impact of Doulas on Healthy Birth Outcomes
birth outcomes two groups socially disadvantaged mothers risk adverse birth outcomes one receiving prebirth assistance certified doula representing sample birthing mothers elected work doula compared mothers participants prenatal health childbirth education program expectant mothers matched doula better birth outcomes doulaassisted mothers four times less likely low birth weight lbw baby two times less likely experience birth complication involving baby significantly likely initiate breastfeeding communication encouragement doula throughout pregnancy may increased mothers selfefficacy regarding ability impact pregnancy outcomes