S Shimojo, S I Ichikawa
Intuitive reasoning about probability: theoretical and experimental analyses of the "problem of three prisoners"
Cognition
perioperative urinary tract infections putis common united states significant contributor high healthcare costs lack large studies risk factors putis total hysterectomy th conducted retrospective study using national inpatient sample nis 445380 patients 2010 2019 analyze risk factors annual incidence putis associated th perioperatively putis found 9087 patients overall showing 20 incidence substantial differences incidence putis based age group p 0001 two groups consistently significant difference type insurance hospital location hospital bed size hospital type p 0001 patients putis exhibited significantly higher number comorbidities p 0001 unsurprisingly patients putis longer median length stay 5 days vs 2 days p 0001 higher inhospital death rate 01 11 p 0001 thus overall hospitalization expenditures increased 27500 median 60426 vs 32926 p 0001 putis increased medical costs elective hospitalizations less common patients putis 668 vs 876 p 0001 according multivariate logistic regression study following risk variables putis following th 45 years old number comorbidities 1 bed size hospital medium large teaching hospital region hospitalsouth west preoperative comorbidities alcohol abuse deficiency anemia chronic blood loss anemia congestive heart failure diabetes drug abuse hypertension hypothyroidism lymphoma fluid electrolyte disorders metastatic cancer neurological disorders paralysis peripheral vascular disorders psychoses pulmonary circulation disorders renal failure solid tumor without metastasis valvular disease weight loss complications sepsis acute myocardial infarction deep vein thrombosis gastrointestinal hemorrhage pneumonia stroke wound infection wound rupture hemorrhage pulmonary embolism blood transfusion postoperative delirium findings suggest identifying risk factors lead improved preventive strategies management putis th patients counseling done prior surgery reduce incidence putis medical practice identification risk factors lead improved patient prevention treatment strategies conducted retrospective study using national inpatient sample nis 445380 patients 2010 2019 analyze risk factors annual incidence putis associated th perioperatively putis found 9087 patients overall showing 20 incidence found noted increased length hospital stay medical cost number preexisting comorbidities size hospital teaching hospitals region also play role risk utis urogynecology