Narendra K. Arora|M. K. C. Nair|Sheffali Gulati|Vaishali Deshmukh|Archisman Mohapatra|Devendra Mishra|Vikram Patel|Ravindra Mohan Pandey|Bhagabati Charan Das|Gauri Divan|G. V. S. Murthy|Thakur Dutt Sharma|Savita Sapra|Satinder Aneja|Monica Juneja|Sunanda K. Reddy|Praveen Suman|Sharmila Banerjee Mukherjee|Rajib Dasgupta|Poma Tudu|Manoja Kumar Das|Vinod K. Bhutani|Maureen S. Durkin|Jennifer Pinto?Martin|Donald H. Silberberg|Rajesh Sagar|Faruq Ahmed|Nandita Babu|Sandeep B Bavdekar|Vijay Chandra|Chaudhuri Zia|Tanuj Dada|Rashna Dass|Mandaville Gourie?Devi|S Remadevi|Jagdish C. Gupta|Kumud Kumar Handa|Veena Kalra|Sunil Karande|Ramesh Konanki|Madhuri Kulkarni|Rashmi Kumar|Arti Maria|Muneer A. Masoodi|Manju Mehta|Santosh Kumar Mohanty|Harikumaran Nair|Poonam Natarajan|Abhimanyu Niswade|Atul Prasad|K Sanjay|Paul Swamidhas Sudhakar Russell|Rohit Saxena|Shobha Sharma|A. Patel|Gautam Singh|Leena Sumaraj|Saradha Suresh|Alok Thakar|Sujatha Parthasarathy|Bhadresh Vyas|Ansuman Panigrahi|Munish Saroch|Rajan Shukla|K. V. Raghava Rao|Maria Piedade Silveira|Samiksha Singh|Vivek Vajaratkar
Neurodevelopmental disorders in children aged 2–9 years: Population-based burden estimates across five regions in India
INCLEN Trust International|Kerala University of Health Sciences|All India Institute of Medical Sciences|INCLEN Trust International|INCLEN Trust International|Maulana Azad Medical College|Sangath|Harvard Global Health Institute|Harvard University|All India Institute of Medical Sciences|All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar|Sangath|Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar|All India Institute of Medical Sciences|Lady Hardinge Medical College|Maulana Azad Medical College|Sir Ganga Ram Hospital|Lady Hardinge Medical College|Jawaharlal Nehru University|INCLEN Trust International|INCLEN Trust International|Lucile Packard Children's Hospital|Stanford University|University of Pennsylvania|University of Pennsylvania|All India Institute of Medical Sciences|Integral University|Institute of Medical Sciences|University of Delhi|King Edward Memorial Hospital and Seth G.S. Medical College|Paras Hospitals|Lady Hardinge Medical College|All India Institute of Medical Sciences|Gauhati Medical College and Hospital|Sir Ganga Ram Hospital|Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences|Kerala University of Health Sciences|Ali Yavar Jung National Institute for the Hearing Handicapped|Medanta The Medicity|Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals|King Edward Memorial Hospital and Seth G.S. Medical College|Rainbow Children's Hospital|Bombay Hospital|King George's Medical University|Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research|Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital|Government Medical College|All India Institute of Medical Sciences|Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment|Government of India|Kerala University of Health Sciences|Government Medical College|Central University of South Bihar|All India Institute of Medical Sciences|Christian Medical College & Hospital|All India Institute of Medical Sciences|All India Institute of Medical Sciences|Ministry of Health and Family Welfare|Lady Hardinge Medical College|Swarnabhoomi Academy of Music|All India Institute of Medical Sciences|SickKids Foundation|M. P. Shah Medical College|Government Medical College|All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar|Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College|Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar|Institute of Medical Sciences|Goa Medical College|Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar|Goa Medical College|Sangath
neurodevelopmental disorders ndds compromise development attainment full social economic potential individual family community country levels paucity data ndds slows policy programmatic action developing countries despite perceived high burdenwe assessed 3964 children almost equal number boys girls distributed 26 69 year age categories identified five geographically diverse populations india using cluster sampling technique probability proportionate population size northcentral ie palwal n 998 rural 164 nonhindu 253 scheduled castetribe scst considered underserved communities eligible affirmative action north ie kangra n 997 916 rural 37 nonhindu 253 scst east ie dhenkanal n 981 898 rural 12 nonhindu 380 scst south ie hyderabad n 495 urban 257 nonhindu 273 scst west ie north goa n 493 680 rural 114 nonhindu 185 scst children assessed vision impairment vi epilepsy epi neuromotor impairments including cerebral palsy nmicp hearing impairment hi speech language disorders autism spectrum disorders asds intellectual disability id furthermore 69yearold children also assessed attention deficit hyperactivity disorder adhd learning disorders lds standardized sample characteristics per census india 2011 arrive district level allsitespooled estimates sitespecific prevalence seven ndds 26 year olds ranged 29 95 ci 1655 187 95 ci 147236 nine ndds 69yearold children 65 95 ci 4691 185 95 ci 153223 two ndds present 04 95 ci 0117 43 95 ci 2282 younger age category 07 95 ci 0220 53 95 ci 3382 older age category allsitepooled estimates ndds 92 95 ci 75112 136 95 ci 113162 children 26 69 year age categories respectively without significant difference according gender ruralurban residence religion almost onefifth children one ndd pooled estimates prevalence increased three percentage points adjusted national rates stunting low birth weight lbw hi id speech language disorders epi lds common ndds across sites upon risk modelling noninstitutional delivery history perinatal asphyxia neonatal illness postnatal neurologicalbrain infections stunting lbwprematurity older age category 69 year significantly associated ndds study sample underrepresentative stunting lbw 156 refusal factors could contributing underestimation true ndd burden populationthe study identifies ndds children aged 29 years significant public health burden india hi higher asd prevalence comparable published global literature risk factors ndds modifiable amenable public health interventions