Rebecca M Callahan, Anysia P Mayer, Anthony H Johnson, Claudia Ochoa
Exploring Organizational Leadership for English Learner Equity
Leadership and policy in schools
policy points 1998 2016 24 states district columbia passed laws meant increase time children spent physical education pe schoolbased physical activity pa schools largely disregarded changes pepa laws increase time children spent pe recess reduce body mass index overweight obesity closer oversight schools would needed improve compliance state pe pa laws yet even better compliance estimate pe pa policies would inadequate reverse obesity epidemic policies also address consumption inside outside school control childhood obesity leading medical organizations recommended increasing time children spend physical education pe schoolbased physical activity pa yet unknown many states passed laws codify recommendations unknown effect changing state laws obesity time children actually spent pe pa joined state laws national samples 13920 children two different cohorts elementary students one cohort attended kindergarten 1998 attended kindergarten 2010 cohorts followed kindergarten fifth grade estimated effects changes state laws regression state year fixed effects twentyfour states district columbia increased time children recommended required spend pe pa changes state policies increase actual time spent pe recess affect average body mass index bmi bmi z score affect prevalence overweight obesity increasing pe pa time required recommended state laws slowed obesity epidemic many schools failed comply state laws backoftheenvelope calculation suggests even better compliance legislated changes pe laws might changed energy balance enough reduce obesity prevalence