Helle Terkildsen Maindal|Lars Kayser|Ole Nørgaard|Anne Bo|Gerald R. Elsworth|Richard H. Osborne
Cultural adaptation and validation of the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ): robust nine-dimension Danish language confirmatory factor model
Aarhus University|University of Copenhagen|University of Copenhagen|Aarhus University|Deakin University|Deakin University
health literacy important construct population health healthcare requiring rigorous measurement health literacy questionnaire hlq nine scales measures broad perception health literacy study aimed adapt hlq danish setting examine factor structure homogeneity reliability discriminant validity hlq adapted using forwardbackward translation consensus conference cognitive interviews n 15 psychometric properties examined based data collected facetoface interview n 481 tests included difficulty level composite scale reliability confirmatory factor analysis cfa cognitive testing revealed minor rewording required easiest scale respond positively social support health hardest navigating healthcare system appraisal health information cfa individual scales showed acceptably high loadings range 049093 cfa fit statistics including correlated residuals good seven scales acceptable one composite reliability cronbachs 08 one scale ninefactor cfa model fitted items crossloadings correlated residuals allowed given restricted model fit satisfactory hlq appears robust intended application assessing health literacy range settings work required demonstrate sensitivity measure changes