Marit Helen Andersen, Åsmund Hermansen, Kari Gire Dahl, Kjersti Lønning, Käthe Birgitte Meyer, Tone Karine Vidnes, Astrid Klopstad Wahl
Profiles of health literacy and digital health literacy in clusters of hospitalised patients: a single-centre, cross-sectional study
BMJ open
childbirth longlasting physiological stress one main stressors labor pain exists throughout whole process childbirth selfefficacy confidence belief manage pain childbirth sense selfefficacy determines pregnant women deal labor pain enables regulate behavior actively deal childbirth however difference pain sensitivity single births primiparas multiple births multiparas rarely investigated study aimed investigating selfefficacy fear childbirth labor pain primiparas multiparas exploring factors related perceived labor pain intensity pregnant women prospective crosssectional study labour delivery large academic specialized hospital guangzhou china total 347 women 182 primiparas 165 multiparas enrolled data analysis pain assessed cervical dilatation cervical dilatation 3 cm first delivery 2 cm second delivery general information participants obtained questionnaire obstetrical records subjects obtained electronic medical records extracted electronic medical record system emrs childbirth selfefficacy fear childbirth foc labor pain compared primiparas multiparas paired ttest chisquare test mannwhitney test univariate multivariate regression analysis used analyze labor pain two groups investigate factors related perceived labor pain intensity total scores related fear childbirth fetal health selfcontrol labor pain injury multiparas notably reduced compared primiparas p 005 perceived labor pain intensity duration first stage labor reduced multipara group compared primipara group childbirth control sense multipara better primipara perceived labor pain intensity negatively correlated advanced age age 35 years selfefficacy score family support education p 005 contrast perceived labor pain intensity positively correlated tension severe fear childbirth anxiety p 005 selfefficacy gravidity delivery cognition fear childbirth independent risk factors perceived labor pain intensity latent period p 005 fear childbirth predictor perceived labor pain intensity extent labor pain minimum maximum predicted level fear expectant mother latent phase labor selfefficacy fear childbirth labor pain different primiparas multiparas