Mohamad Reza Farangi, Amir Naami
A study of early multilingualism in Iran: The effects of mother tongue literacy, socio-economic status and foreground TV exposure
Acta psychologica
summary sugarsweetened beverages ssb single largest source added sugar top source energy intake us diet review evaluate whether sufficient scientific evidence decreasing ssb consumption reduce prevalence obesity related diseases prospective cohort studies address dietary determinants longterm weight gain chronic diseases whereas randomized clinical trials rct typically evaluate shortterm effects specific interventions weight change types evidence critical evaluating causality findings wellpowered prospective cohorts consistently shown significant association established temporality demonstrated direct doseresponse relationship ssb consumption longterm weight gain risk type 2 diabetes 2 recently published metaanalysis rct commissioned w orld h ealth rganization found decreased intake added sugars significantly reduced body weight 080 kg 95 confidence interval ci 039121 p lt 0001 whereas increased sugar intake led comparable weight increase 075 kg 030119 p 0001 parallel metaanalysis cohort studies also found higher intake ssb among children associated 55 95 ci 3282 higher risk overweight obese compared lower intake another metaanalysis eight prospective cohort studies found one two servings per day ssb intake associated 26 95 ci 1241 greater risk developing 2 compared occasional intake less one serving per month recently two large rct high degree compliance provided convincing data reducing consumption ssb significantly decreases weight gain adiposity children adolescents taken together evidence decreasing ssb decrease risk obesity related diseases 2 compelling several additional issues warrant discussion first prevention longterm weight gain dietary changes limiting consumption ssb important shortterm weight loss reducing prevalence obesity population due fact individual becomes obese difficult lose weight keep second consider totality evidence rather selective pieces evidence eg shortterm rct finally recognizing evidence harm health ssb strong avoid trap waiting absolute proof allowing public health action taken