Jun J. Mao|Katrina Armstrong|John T. Farrar|Marjorie A. Bowman
Acupuncture Expectancy Scale: Development and Preliminary Validation in China
University of Pennsylvania|University of Pennsylvania|University of Pennsylvania|University of Pennsylvania
expectancy shown affect response psychological medical interventions however lack validated measure expectancy setting acupuncture limits quantitative evaluation effects expectancy clinical response acupuncture therapy seek develop validate instrument measures patients expected response acupuncture developed acupuncture expectancy scale eliciting items patients conducted survey study two phases test reliability validity instrument among 200 subjects six outpatient acupuncture clinics beijing china final scale consisted four items measuring expectation improvement illness enhanced coping increased vitality symptom alleviation result acupuncture therapy scores acupuncture expectancy scales ranged four 20 median 17 21 maximum score item 5 missing data internal consistency cronbachs coefficient 82 principal components analysis revealed one general component accounting 64 variance expectancy response positively correlated selected questions perceived efficacy 044 satisfaction 049 confidence prescribed acupuncture therapy 051 p 001 developed simple fouritem instrument valid reliable score measures expectancy acupuncture therapy correlates subject reported response reliability validity acupuncture expectancy scale score needs tested types populations incorporating instrument clinical trials evaluate role expectancy part complex socialbehavioral component acupuncture therapy