Ariel Kalil|Kathleen M. Ziol?Guest|Rebecca M. Ryan|Anna J. Markowitz
Changes in Income-Based Gaps in Parent Activities With Young Children From 1988 to 2012
University of Chicago|New York University|Georgetown University|University of Virginia
numerous studies show large differences economically advantaged disadvantaged parents quality quantity engagement young childrens development parenting gap may account substantial portion gap childrens early cognitive skills however researchers know little whether socioeconomic gap parenting increased time present study investigates question focusing income educationbased gaps parents engagement cognitively stimulating activities preschoolaged children draw data four national studies conducted 25 years found decrease incomebased gaps childrens book ownership library attendance increasing incomebased gaps several parent behaviors including reading telling stories children teaching children letters words numbers incomebased gaps childrens participation outofhome cultural activities also increased results educationbased gaps similar gaps largely arose topincome families pulling away middle lowincome counterparts