Sabina Low, Clayton R Cook, Keith Smolkowski, Jodie Buntain-Ricklefs
Promoting social-emotional competence: An evaluation of the elementary version of Second Step®
Journal of school psychology
covid19 pandemic related control measures affected mental health populations particular subgroups underrepresented mainstream surveys hard reach study measurements adapted skills subgroups include people lower cognitive literacy skills people mild intellectual disability mid considered vulnerable covid19 pandemic given low socioeconomic status small social networks increased risks health problems difficulties understanding healthrelated information study examines impact covid19 pandemic mental health among people mid low literacy skills compared predominantly represented national surveys repeated crosssectional study people mid low literacy skills general population sample conducted netherlands easyread webbased survey codesigned tested among people mid low literacy skills conducted 3 rounds within 1 year covid19 pandemic t1 november december 2020 t2 march april 2021 t3 september october 2021 survey contained questions demographics 6 aspects mental health feeling happy feeling energized feeling stressed worry feeling lonely sleeping problems adapted survey recruitment procedure enabled 1059 persons mid low literacy skills participate t1 n412 389 t2 n351 331 t3 n296 28 significantly younger lower level education often born outside netherlands compared general population sample p001 approximately half 6041059 5703 received professional care displayed poorer mental health scores general population sample percentages people mid low literacy skills reported negative feelings t1 ranged 206 85412 reporting feeling lonely often almost always 578 238412 reporting feeling happy almost never sometimes general population samples percentages 54 1602930 322 9412918 respectively although scores improved time populations disproportional effects remained general covid19related restrictions entire dutch population affected people mid low literacy skills negatively general population study underscores relevance including subpopulations public health research often overlooked regular health data accessible webbased survey particularly targeted population enabled us reached group respondents significantly different regular survey participants surveys results provided insights health people mid low literacy skills gained knowledge used care organizations policy makers reduce health disparities pandemic general