José Manuel Cordero Ferrera|Víctor Cristóbal|Daniel Santín
CAUSAL INFERENCE ON EDUCATION POLICIES: A SURVEY OF EMPIRICAL STUDIES USING PISA, TIMSS AND PIRLS
Universidad de Extremadura|Universidad de Extremadura|Universidad Complutense de Madrid
abstract identification causal effects educational policies top priority recent education economics literature result shift observed strategies empirical studies moved use standard multivariate statistical methods identify correlations associations variables complex econometric strategies help identify causal relationships however exogenous variations databases identified order apply causal inference techniques far straightforward task reason paper provides extensive comprehensive overview literature using quasiexperimental techniques applied three wellknown international largescale comparative assessments pisa pirls timss period 20042016 particular review empirical studies employing instrumental variables regression discontinuity designs difference differences propensity score matching databases additionally provide detailed summary estimation strategies issues treated profitability terms quality publications encourage potential evaluations paper concludes operational recommendations prospective researchers field