Christina B Khaokham, Sharon Hillidge, Shaila Serpas, Eric McDonald, Philip R Nader
Comparison of height, weight, and body mass index data from state-mandated school physical fitness testing and a districtwide surveillance project
The Journal of school health
toothbrushing considered fundamental selfcare behavior maintenance oral health brushing twice day become social norm evidence base frequency weak systematic review metaanalysis aims assess effect toothbrushing frequency incidence increment carious lesions medline embase cinahl cochrane databases searched screening quality assessment performed 2 independent reviewers three different metaanalyses conducted 2 based caries outcome reported studies incidence increment subgroup analyses categories toothbrushing frequency another included studies irrespective caries outcome reported type dentition subgroups metaregression conducted assess influence sample size followup period diagnosis level carious lesions methodological quality articles effect estimate searches retrieved 5494 titles removing duplicates 4305 remained 74 reviewed full 33 eligible inclusion selfreported infrequent brushers demonstrated higher incidence odds ratio 150 95 confidence interval ci 134 169 increment standardized mean difference smd 028 95 ci 013 044 carious lesions frequent brushers odds carious lesions differed little subgroup analysis conducted compare incidence 2 timesd vs 2 timesd 145 95 ci 121 174 1 timed vs 1 timed brushers 156 95 ci 137 178 metaanalysis conducted type dentition subgroups effect infrequent brushing incidence increment carious lesions higher deciduous 175 95 ci 149 206 permanent dentition 139 95 ci 129 149 findings metaregression indicated none included variables influenced effect estimate