Cliona Ní Mhurchú|Delvina Gorton|Maria Turley|Yannan Jiang|Jo Michie|Ralph Maddison|John Hattie
Effects of a free school breakfast programme on children's attendance, academic achievement and short-term hunger: results from a stepped-wedge, cluster randomised controlled trial
University of Auckland|University of Auckland|University of Auckland|University of Auckland|University of Auckland|University of Auckland|University of Auckland
free school breakfast programmes sbps exist number highincome countries effects educational outcomes rarely evaluated randomised controlled trialsa 1year steppedwedge cluster randomised controlled trial undertaken 14 new zealand schools low socioeconomic resource areas participants 424 children mean age 92 years 53 female intervention free daily sbp primary outcome childrens school attendance secondary outcomes academic achievement selfreported grades sense belonging school behaviour shortterm hunger breakfast habits food securitythere statistically significant effect breakfast programme childrens school attendance odds children achieving attendance rate 95 076 95 ci 056 102 intervention phase 093 95 ci 067 131 control phase giving 081 95 ci 059 111 p019 significant decrease childrens selfreported shortterm hunger intervention phase compared control phase demonstrated increase 86 units freddy satiety scale 95 ci 34 137 p0001 effects intervention outcomea free sbp significant effect childrens school attendance academic achievement significant positive effects childrens shortterm satiety ratings frequent programme attendance may required influence school attendance academic achievementaustralian new zealand clinical trials registry anzctractrn12609000854235