Marija Levic, Natasa Bogavac-Stanojevic, Dragana Lakic, Dusanka Krajnovic
Predictors of Inadequate Health Literacy among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Assessment with Different Self-Reported Instruments
International journal of environmental research and public health
aim study validate spanish version fiveitem general selfefficacy scale sample nursing students 1 offering evidence validity reliability 2 studying longitudinal measurement invariance scale 3 providing evidence changes levels selfefficacy occur one year nursing education 4 offering longitudinal evidence relationship nursing students selfefficacy resilience levels nurses general selfefficacy related personal organizational outcomes spain competencies students must acquire degree nursing implicitly refer selfefficacy measurement general selfefficacy general selfefficacy scale one widely used europe longitudinal design used research took place university valencia university balearic islands spain participants 324 nursing students first year nursing degree fiveitem general selfefficacy scale brief resilience coping scale used analyses included descriptive statistics reliability estimates confirmatory factor analysis longitudinal measurement invariance routine several competing crosslagged models evidence reliability shown scale adequate onefactor solution structure found additionally fiveitem gse showed evidence invariance time causal effect selfefficacy nursing students levels resilience found spanish version fiveitem general selfefficacy scale brief instrument contribute assessment basic competencies degree nursing improve education changes related skills important nursing profession resilience