David R Axon
Student Pharmacists' Perspectives Regarding a Virtually Delivered Research Proposal Course in the Doctor of Pharmacy Curriculum
Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland)
one longstanding analytic approach adoption studies examine correlations features adoptive homes outcomes adopted children hereafter termed measured environment correlations illuminate environmental influences associations although results studies almost uniformly suggested modest environmental influences adopted childrens academic achievement work indicated adopted childrens achievement routinely higher rearedapart family members often substantially sought understand discrepancy examined academic achievement literacypromotive features home 424 yoked adoptivebiological families participating early growth development study egds ie adopted children adoptive mothers birth mothers biological siblings adopted children remaining birth homes using exhaustive modeling approach results indicated anticipated adopted children scored full standard deviation higher standardized achievement tests relative birth mothers rearedapart biological siblings moreover achievement differences associated differences literacypromotive features adoptive birth family homes despite minimal measured environment correlations within adoptive families subsequent simulation study highlighted noise measured environmental variables explanation decreased utility measured environment correlations conclude fields heavy focus measured environment correlations within adoptive families may obscured detection specific environmental effects youth outcomes future adoption studies supplement measured environment analyses mean differences rearedapart relatives