Andreas Söhnel, Roland Frankenberger, Lars Kandsperger, Frank Wissing
[NKLZ 2.0: the further development of the National Competence-Based Learning Objectives Catalogue for Dentistry as a basis for the design of the new licensing regulations]
Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz
earlier work shown adults infants cottontop tamarin monkeys capable computing probability syllables occur particular orders rapidly presented streams human speech using probabilities group adjacent syllables wordlike units also investigated adults learning regularities among elements adjacent found strong selectivities ability learn various kinds nonadjacent regularities present paper investigate learning nonadjacent regularities tamarin monkeys using materials familiarization methods three types languages constructed one words formed statistical regularities nonadjacent syllables words contained predictable relations syllables 1 3 syllable 2 varied second type language words formed statistical regularities nonadjacent segments words contained predictable relations consonants vowels varied third type language also formed regularities nonadjacent segments words contained predictable relations vowels consonants varied tamarin monkeys exposed languages fashion adults 21 min exposure continuous speech stream tested playback paradigm measuring spontaneous looking reinforcement adult subjects learned second third types language easily failed learn first however tamarin monkeys showed different pattern learning first third type languages second differences held multiple replications using different sounds instantiating patterns results suggest differences among learners elementary units perceived speech syllables consonants vowels andor distance units related therefore differences among learners types patterned regularities acquire studies tamarins open interesting questions perceptual computational capacities human learners may essential language acquisition may differ nonhuman primates