Kimberly A Rollings, Nancy M Wells
Cafeteria assessment for elementary schools (CAFES): development, reliability testing, and predictive validity analysis
BMC public health
help students cope challenges covid19 pandemic higher education institutions offered students flexible grading policies blended traditional letter grades alternative grading options passfail creditno credit options study conducted indepth analysis flexible grading policy mediumsized university usa studied differential selection flexible grading options course characteristics students sociodemographics academic profiles spring 2020 spring 2021 also examined impacts policy sequential courses analysis utilized administrative transcript data undergraduate students study institution employed combination descriptive statistics regression models analysis revealed flexible grading policy utilized differently depending course characteristics core courses subjects like mathematics chemistry economics higher rates usage additionally sociodemographic academic profile factors led varying degrees utilization males urban students freshmen nonstem majors using policy frequently furthermore analysis suggested policy may disadvantaged students struggled subsequent courses using pass option several implications directions future research discussed