James J. Heckman|Paul A. LaFontaine
Bias?Corrected Estimates of GED Returns
American Bar Foundation|American Bar Foundation
using three sources data article examines direct economic return general educational development ged certification native immigrant high school dropouts one data sourcethe current population survey cpsis plagued nonresponse allocation bias hot deck procedure biases estimated return ged upward correcting allocation bias ability bias direct economic return ged certification apparent return ged certification age found raw cps data due dropouts becoming skilled time results apply nativeborn immigrant populations