Kiran Niraula|Brandon A. Kohrt|Meerjady Sabrina Flora|Narayan Thapa|Shirin Jahan Mumu|Rahul Pathak|Babill Stray?Pedersen|Pukar Ghimire|Bhawana Regmi|Elizabeth K. MacFarlane|Roshni Shrestha
Prevalence of depression and associated risk factors among persons with type-2 diabetes mellitus without a prior psychiatric history: a cross-sectional study in clinical settings in urban Nepal
Bangladesh University of Health Sciences|Duke University|National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases|Nepalese Army Institute of Health Services|Bangladesh University of Health Sciences|Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital|Oslo University Hospital|University of Oslo|Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital|Duke Institute for Health Innovation|Duke University|Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital
diabetes growing health problem south asia despite increasing number studies exploring causal pathways diabetes depression highincome countries hic pathway two disorders received limited attention low middleincome countries lmic aim study investigate potential pathway diabetes contributing depression assess prevalence depression evaluate association depression severity diabetes severity study uses clinical sample persons living diabetes sequelae without prior psychiatric history urban nepal crosssectional study conducted among 385 persons living type2 diabetes attending tertiary centers kathmandu nepal patients least three months diagnosed diabetes prior depression diagnosis family history depression recruited randomly using serial selection outpatient medicine endocrine departments blood pressure anthropometrics height weight waist hip circumference glycated hemoglobin hba1c measured time interview depression measured using validated nepali version beck depression inventory bdiia proportion respondents depression 403 using multivariable analyses 1unit increase hba1c associated 2point increase bdi score erectile dysfunction associated 5point increase bdiia 10mmhg increase blood pressure systolic diastolic associated 14point increase bdiia associated variables included waisthipratio 9point bdiia increase least one diabetic complication 1point bdiia increase treatment nonadherence 1point bdiia increase insulin use 2point bdiia increase living nuclear family 2point bdiia increase lack family history diabetes 1point bdiia increase higher monthly income associated increased depression severity 3point bdiia increase per 100000 rupees equivalent us1000 depression associated indicators severe diabetes disease status nepal association depression diabetes severity sequelae provide initial support causal pathway diabetes depression integration mental health services primary care important combat development depression among persons living diabetes