Sakhawat Ali, Rizwana Hussain, Rohaib A Malik, Raheema Amin, Muhammad N Tariq
Association of Obesity With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Hospital-Based Unmatched Case-Control Study
Cureus
numerous black individuals experience racism persistently throughout lives repercussions extending health care settings perspectives black individuals regarding emergency department ed care racism patientcentered approaches dismantling structural racism remain less explored qualitatively explore perspectives experiences black patients related race racism health care following recent ed visit qualitative study audio semistructured interviews black patients discharged academic urban ed august 2021 april 2022 recorded transcribed analyzed using thematic analysis main outcomes encompassed main themes analysis interviews black patients regarding perspectives race racism clinical care total 25 black patients 20 80 female mean sd age 446 129 years discharged ed interviewed three broad domains identified 1 racism health care 2 ed clinical care 3 recommendations improvement within domains first 2 grouped specific themes within first domain racism health care 7 themes identified using thematic analysis 1 history medical racism 2 dismissiveness 3 patient expectations encountering racism 4 medical mistrust 5 health literacy 6 postencounter outcomes 7 discrimination beyond associated race within second theme ed clinical care 5 themes identified using thematic analysis method 1 discharge plan 2 patient experience 3 waiting room perceptions 4 medication treatment 5 pain management third domain recommendations improvement incorporated patientgenerated suggestions enhancing black patient experience qualitative study fabric clinical care delivery ed intricately woven black patients experiences racism patients expressed pervasive sense mistrust skepticism dismissiveness system level instances racism consistently highlighted patients entry ed discharge perspectives illuminate pervasive nature racism clinical care providing valuable insights exploring patientcentered approaches foster antiracist cultures ed throughout broader medical landscape