Peng-Cheng Fu, Qiao-Qiao Guo, Di Chang, Qing-Bo Gao, Shan-Shan Sun
Cryptic diversity and rampant hybridization in annual gentians on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau revealed by population genomic analysis
Plant diversity
critical thinking ct ability engage purposeful selfregulatory judgment widely recognized important even essential skill article describes ongoing metaanalysis summarizes available empirical evidence impact instruction development enhancement critical thinking skills dispositions found 117 studies based 20698 participants yielded 161 effects average effect size g 0341 standard deviation 0610 distribution highly heterogeneous q 176786 p lt 001 however little variation due research design neither separated studies according methodological quality used statistical adjustment corresponding effect sizes type ct intervention pedagogical grounding substantially related fluctuations ct effects sizes together accounting 32 variance findings make clear improvement students ct skills dispositions cannot matter implicit expectation important development ct skills considered educators must take steps make ct objectives explicit courses also include preservice inservice training faculty development