Chaya Langerman, Angus Forbes, Glenn Robert
A qualitative study of the experiences of insulin use by older people with type 2 diabetes mellitus
BMC primary care
influence electronic screens health children adolescents education well understood prospectively registered umbrella review prospero identifier crd42017076051 harmonized effects 102 metaanalyses 2451 primary studies 1937501 participants screen time outcomes total 43 effects 32 metaanalyses met criteria statistical certainty metaanalyses associations screen use outcomes showed smalltomoderate effects range r 014 033 education results mixed example screen use negatively associated literacy r 014 95 confidence interval ci 020 009 p 0001 k 38 n 18318 effect positive parents watched children r 015 95 ci 002 028 p 0028 k 12 n 6083 health found evidence several small negative associations example social media associated depression r 012 95 ci 005 019 p 0001 k 12 n 93740 limitations review include limited number studies outcome mediumtohigh risk bias 95 102 included metaanalyses high heterogeneity 17 22 education 20 21 health i2 50 recommend caregivers policymakers carefully weigh evidence potential harms benefits specific types screen use