Bharat Gurnani, Kirandeep Kaur
Leveraging ChatGPT for ophthalmic education: A critical appraisal
European journal of ophthalmology
working memory training may help children attention learning difficulties robust evidence populationlevel randomized controlled clinical trials lackingto test whether computerized adaptive working memory intervention program improves longterm academic outcomes children 6 7 years age low working memory compared usual classroom teachingpopulationbased randomized controlled clinical trial first graders 44 schools melbourne australia underwent verbal visuospatial working memory screening children classified low working memory scores 15th percentile either backward digit recall mister x subtest automated working memory assessment scores 25th percentile children randomly assigned independent statistician either intervention control arm using concealed computerized random number sequence researchers blinded group assignment time screening conducted trial march 1 2012 february 1 2015 final analysis october 30 2015 used intentiontotreat analysescogmed working memory training comprising 20 25 training sessions 45 minutes duration schooldirectly assessed 12 24 months academic outcomes reading math spelling scores primary outcomes working memory also assessed 6 months parent teacher childreported behavioral socialemotional functioning quality life intervention costsof 1723 children screened mean sd age 69 04 years 226 randomized arm 452 total 90 retention 1 year 88 retention 2 years 903 children intervention arm completed least 20 sessions 4 shortterm working memory outcomes 1 outcome visuospatial shortterm memory benefited children 6 months effect size 043 95 ci 025062 12 months effect size 049 95 ci 028070 24 months benefits outcomes fact math scores children intervention arm worse 2 years mean difference 30 95 ci 54 07 p 01 intervention costs a1035 per childworking memory screening children 6 7 years age feasible adaptive working memory training program may temporarily improve visuospatial shortterm memory given loss classroom time cost lack lasting benefit cannot recommend populationbased delivery cogmed within screening paradigmanzctrorgau identifier actrn12610000486022