Holly A Caretta-Weyer, Stefanie S Sebok-Syer, Amanda M Morris, Benjamin H Schnapp, Abra L Fant, Kevin R Scott, Matthew Pirotte, Michael A Gisondi, Lalena M Yarris
Better together: A multistakeholder approach to developing specialty-wide entrustable professional activities in emergency medicine
AEM education and training
high intake ultraprocessed foods upfs associated higher cardiometabolic risk adults however evidence children limited investigate association upf consumption cardiometabolic risk factors childhood obesity risk assessment longitudinal study corals baseline crosssectional analysis conducted using data corals participants recruited march 22 2019 june 30 2022 preschool children aged 36 years recruited schools centers 7 cities spain inclusion criteria included informed consent signed parents caregivers completed set questionnaires childs prenatal history home exclusion criteria included low command spanish unstable residence energyadjusted upf consumption grams per day food frequency questionnaires based nova food classification system age sexspecific z scores adiposity parameters body mass index bmi fat mass index waisttoheight ratio waist circumference cardiometabolic parameters diastolic systolic blood pressure fasting plasma glucose homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance highdensity lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol triglycerides estimated using linear regression models 1509 enrolled corals participants 1426 mean sd age 58 11 years 698 boys 490 included study mothers children high upf consumption younger higher bmi likely overweight obesity lower education levels employment rates compared participants lowest tertile energyadjusted upf consumption highest tertile showed higher z scores bmi coefficient 020 95 ci 005035 waist circumference coefficient 020 95 ci 005035 fat mass index coefficient 017 95 ci 000032 fasting plasma glucose coefficient 022 95 ci 006037 lower z scores hdl cholesterol coefficient 019 95 ci 036 002 onesd increments energyadjusted upf consumption associated higher z scores bmi coefficient 011 95 ci 005017 waist circumference coefficient 009 95 ci 002015 fat mass index coefficient 011 95 ci 004118 fasting plasma glucose coefficient 010 95 ci 003017 lower hdl cholesterol coefficient 007 95 ci 015 000 substituting 100 g upfs 100 g unprocessed minimally processed foods associated lower z scores bmi coefficient 003 95 ci 006 001 fat mass index coefficient 003 95 ci 006 000 fasting plasma glucose coefficient 004 95 ci 007 001 findings suggest high upf consumption young children associated adiposity cardiometabolic risk factors highlighting need public health initiatives promote replacement upfs unprocessed minimally processed foods