Nicholas M Hales, Caleb C Barton, Michael R Ransom, Ryan T Allen, C Arden Pope
A Quasi-Experimental Analysis of Elementary School Absences and Fine Particulate Air Pollution
Medicine
investigated 2 engagementfostering aspects teachers instructional stylesautonomy support structureand hypothesized students engagement would highest teachers provided high levels trained observers rated teachers instructional styles students behavioral engagement 133 public high school classrooms midwest 1584 students grades 911 reported subjective engagement correlational hierarchical linear modeling analyses showed 3 results autonomy support structure positively correlated b autonomy support structure predicted students behavioral engagement c autonomy support unique predictor students selfreported engagement discuss first findings help illuminate relations autonomy support structure 2 complementary rather antagonistic curvilinear engagementfostering aspects teachers instructional styles second somewhat different results obtained behavioral versus selfreport measures students classroom engagement