Sharon LaForest|Sheryl L. Chow|Robert J. DiDomenico|Kathleen Dracup|Christopher R. Ensor|Wendy Gattis?Stough|J. Thomas Heywood|JoAnn Lindenfeld|Robert L. Page|J. Herbert Patterson|Orly Vardeny|Barry M. Massie
Clinical Pharmacy Services in Heart Failure: An Opinion Paper From the Heart Failure Society of America and American College of Clinical Pharmacy Cardiology Practice and Research Network
Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center|Western University of Health Sciences|University of Illinois at Chicago|University of California, San Francisco|University of Pittsburgh|Campbell University|Scripps Clinic|University of Colorado Denver|University of Colorado Denver|University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|University of Wisconsin–Madison|San Francisco VA Medical Center
background heart failure hf care takes place multiple settings variety providers generally involves patients multiple comorbidities situation perfect storm factors predispose patients medication errors methods results goals paper outline potential roles clinical pharmacists multidisciplinary hf team document outcomes associated interventions clinical pharmacists recommend minimum training clinical pharmacists engaged hf care suggest financial strategies support clinical pharmacy services within multidisciplinary team patients transition inpatient outpatient settings multiple caregivers pharmacists positively affect medication reconciliation education assure consistency management results improvements patient satisfaction medication adherence reduce medication errors mechanical circulatory support heart transplant teams centers medicare medicaid services considers participation transplant pharmacology expert eg clinical pharmacist requirement accreditation given highly specialized complex drug regimens used although reports outcomes pharmacist interventions mixed owing differences study design benefits increased use evidencebased therapies decreases hf hospitalizations emergency department visits decreases allcause readmissions demonstrated clinical pharmacists participating hf heart transplant teams completed specialized postdoctoral training form residencies andor fellowships cardiovascular andor transplant pharmacotherapy board certification recommended financial mechanisms support pharmacist participation hf teams variable conclusions positive outcomes associated clinical pharmacist activities support value making resource available hf teams