Anne W. Graves|Luke Duesbery|Nicole Pyle|Regina R. Brandon|Angela McIntosh
Two Studies of Tier II Literacy Development: Throwing Sixth Graders a Lifeline
San Diego State University|San Diego State University|The University of Texas at Austin|San Diego State University|San Diego State University
two experimental studies one urban middle school investigated effects combination tier tier ii evidencebased reading instruction compared tier alone struggling sixthgrade readers n 109 participants received free reducedprice lunch 95 considered english learners point school history studies tier ii intervention consisted intensive instruction word analysis fluency building comprehension vocabulary 30 hours across 10 weeks results studies taken individually combined indicated significant differences favor intervention groups oral reading fluency second study indicated significantly stronger performances intervention group woodcock reading mastery testrevised wrmtrnu passage comprehension subtest tier ii interventions response intervention rti older struggling readers discussed related educational implications future research