Irene M Pepperberg, Adrienne Koepke, Paige Livingston, Monique Girard, Leigh Ann Hartsfield
Reasoning by inference: further studies on exclusion in grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus)
Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983)
pedestrianrelated injuries significant contributor preventable mortality disability children hypothesized interactive pedestrian safety education associated increased knowledge safe crosswalk behaviors lower incidence pedestrianrelated injuries elementary schoolaged children interactive streetcrossing simulation implemented target elementary schools los angeles county beginning 2009 mixedmethods used evaluate impact intervention multiplechoice examinations used test pedestrian safety knowledge anonymous observations used assess streetcrossing behaviors statewide traffic records used report pedestrian injuries elementary schoolaged 411 children participating school districts pedestrian injury incidence compared 1 intervention standardized incidence entire city los angeles total 1424 1522 children completed pretest posttest respectively correct answers increased nine ten questions p 001 children frequently looked ways crossing street intervention 10 versus 41 p 0001 6 reported pedestrianrelated injuries intervention school districts year intervention 2 injuries year intervention resulting significantly lower injury incidence standardized rate ratio 028 95 ci 011073 pedestrian safety education los angeles elementary schools associated increased knowledge safe streetcrossing behavior lower incidence pediatric pedestrianrelated injury formal pedestrian safety education considered injury prevention efforts similar urban communities