Margarida Perdigão, Anabela Afonso, Sofia de Oliveira-Martins, Manuel José Lopes, Ana Margarida Advinha
Pharmacovigilance teaching and learning: a mixed cross-sectional analysis of the Portuguese public higher education system
BMC medical education
improving academic achievement reducing rates obesity elementary school students considerable interest increased physical activity academic instruction time school offers potential intervention address issues program titled physical activity across curriculum paac developed classroom teachers 22 elementary schools trained deliver academic instruction using physical activity primary aim preventing increased bmi secondary analysis data assessed impact paac academic achievement using weschler individual achievement testii significant improvements shown reading math spelling students participated paac based results paac adequately powered trial conducted assess differences academic achievement intervention control schools called academic achievement physical activity across curriculum paac seventeen elementary schools cluster randomized paac control 3year trial classroom teachers trained deliver academic instruction moderatetovigorous physical activity target 100 minutes paac activities per week primary outcome measure academic achievement measured weschler individual achievement testiii administered baseline fall 2011 repeated spring year assessors blinded condition potential mediators association paac academic achievement examined schedule include changes cognitive function cardiovascular fitness daily physical activity bmi attentiontotask extensive process analysis conducted document fidelity intervention school student recruitmentrandomization teacher training baseline testing paac completed nine schools randomized intervention 8 control random sample students school stratified gender grade paac 370 control 317 selected outcome assessments provided parental consentchild assent baseline data intervention group presented successful paac approach could easily inexpensively scaled disseminated across elementary schools improve educational quality health r01 dk85317 us nih clinical trials httpnct01699295