Pia S Pannaraj, Hai-Lin Wang, Hector Rivas, Hilda Wiryawan, Michael Smit, Nicole Green, Grace M Aldrovandi, Alvin Nelson El Amin, Laurene Mascola
School-located influenza vaccination decreases laboratory-confirmed influenza and improves school attendance
Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
small airways obstruction sao common general populations associated respiratory symptoms cardiometabolic diseases progression chronic obstructive pulmonary disease time whether sao predicts mortality largely unknown spirometrydefined sao associated increased mortality analysed data 252877 adult participants aged 4069 baseline uk biobank provided good quality spirometry measurements defined sao ratio forced expiratory volume three seconds forced expiratory volume six seconds less lower limit normal fev3fev6lln considered sao isolated present forced expiratory volume one second fev6 ratio normal fev1fev6lln used multivariable cox regression model assess association sao isolated sao allcause diseasespecific mortality investigated sex differences associations repeated primary analysis excluding ever smokers models adjusted potential confounders sex body mass index smoking status smoking packyears assessment centre townsend deprivation index ethnicity identified 59744 participants sao 24004 isolated sao total 5009 deaths reported median 128 years followup participants sao increased allcause hr131 95ci 126136 cardiovascular hr139 95ci 129151 respiratory hr220 95ci 192251 neoplasm hr123 95ci 117129 mortality risk associations modified sex however never smokers respiratory cardiovascular mortality risk associated sao isolated sao also associated increased mortality risk hr114 95ci 107120 individuals sao increased risk allcause diseasespecific mortality studies needed determine whether sao causes mortality marker underlying disease