Nina A Mayr, Majid Mohiuddin, James W Snider, Hualin Zhang, Robert J Griffin, Beatriz E Amendola, Daniel S Hippe, Naipy C Perez, Xiaodong Wu, Simon S Lo, William F Regine, Charles B Simone
Practice Patterns of Spatially Fractionated Radiation Therapy: A Clinical Practice Survey
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bioelectricity interdisciplinary concept encompasses fields chemistry physics biology scientific study membrane transport mechanisms govern formation dissipation ion gradients teaching learning across disciplines bioelectricity known among science teachers challenging complex one critical problems teaching materials learning resources specifically support interdisciplinary teaching especially science paper described development improvised microbial fuel cell imfc alternative activity addresses scientific concepts cellular respiration reductionoxidation reaction electricity generation interdisciplinary approach activity students designed constructed tested imfcs learning gains students measured using parallel pretestposttest analyzed using descriptive statistics dependent ttests perceptions teachers students using imfc activity teachinglearning bioelectricity obtained survey questionnaire interviews results revealed imfc activity significantly improved students learning gains bioelectricity topics cellular respiration t2394503 p 001 reductionoxidation reaction t2393985 p 001 electricity t239311 p 001 computed normalized gains 045 050 039 respectively furthermore seven subthemes emerged teachers students perceptions namely knowledge acquisition student engagement academic emotions affordability student satisfaction distractions cleanliness overall results indicated imfc activity effective teaching material providing authentic learning experience multidisciplinary topic like bioelectricity future investigations imfc activity impact aspects learning students motivation selfefficacy engagement recommended