Anna Powell, Harry Sumnall, Jessica Smith, Rebecca Kuiper, Catharine Montgomery
Recovery of neuropsychological function following abstinence from alcohol in adults diagnosed with an alcohol use disorder: Systematic review of longitudinal studies
PloS one
maternal mortality stillbirths neonatal mortality account almost 5 million deaths year often analysed separately despite overlapping causes interventions propose comprehensive fivephase mortality transition model improve analyses progress inform strategic planning empirical datadriven study develop model transition used un estimates 151 countries assess changes maternal mortality stillbirths neonatal deaths basis ratios maternal stillbirth neonatal mortality identified five phases transition phase 1 highest mortality phase 5 lowest used global databases examine phasespecific characteristics 200020 causes death fertility rates abortion policies health workforce financing socioeconomic indicators analysed 326 national surveys assess service coverage inequalities transition phase among 116 countries phases 1 4 2000 73 63 progressed least one phase 2020 six advanced two phases three regressed ratio stillbirth neonatal deaths maternal deaths increased less 10 phase 1 well 50 phase 4 phase 5 progression associated declining proportion deaths caused infectious diseases peripartum complications declining total adolescent fertility rates changes healthworkforce densities skills mix ie ratio nurses midwives physicians phase 3 onwards increasing percapita health spending reducing shares outofpocket health expenditures phase 1 5 median coverage first antenatal care visits increased 66 98 four antenatal care visits 44 94 institutional births 36 99 caesarean section rates 2 25 transition highmortality phases involved major increase institutional births primarily lowerlevel health facilities whereas subsequent progress characterised rapid increases hospital births wealthrelated inequalities reduced strongly institutional birth coverage phase 3 onwards fivephase maternal mortality stillbirth neonatal mortality transition model used benchmark current indicators comparison typical patterns transition national subnational level identify outliers better assess drivers progress inform strategic planning investments towards sustainable development goal targets also facilitate programming integrated strategies end preventable maternal mortality neonatal mortality stillbirths bill melinda gates foundation