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attentiondeficithyperactivity disorder adhd dyscalculia also called mathematics disorder frequently cooccur yet etiology comorbidity poorly understood study investigated whether impairments understanding numbers magnitudes basic numerical skills unique risk factor mathematical difficulties md shared risk factor could help explain association adhd md basic numerical skills assessed eight subtests children age 610 years n 86 clinically significant adhd symptoms andor md typically developing children control group double dissociation design allowed test main interaction effects adhd md using classical bayesian analysis variance anova children md impaired transcoding complex number magnitude comparison arithmetic fact retrieval impaired tasks assessing core markers numeracy might explained sample including children mathematical difficulties instead diagnosed dyscalculia adhd associated deficits tasks evidence additive combination cognitive profiles weak impairments basic numerical skills uniquely associated md represent shared risk factor adhd symptoms md