Mei-Chuan Chang, Jui-Hung Yu, Jyh-Gang Hsieh, Mi-Hsiu Wei, Ying-Wei Wang
Effectiveness of the refined health literacy course on improving the health literacy competencies of undergraduate nursing students: quantitative and qualitative perspectives
Medical education online
aim study investigate whether objective measure freezing gait fog using validated alternating stepping place sip task related executive andor visuospatial cognitive impairment parkinsons disease pd studied prospectively 30 pd subjects unified parkinsons disease rating scale updrs iii fogq trail making test part b tmtb wisconsin card sorting initiationperseveration matrix reasoning mr block design bd pd subjects performed three 100s trials alternative sip standing two force platforms assess number duration freezing episodes fe sip rhythmicity symmetry freezers larger cycle asymmetry arrhythmicity nonfreezers p005 performance bd mr tests differentiated freezers nonfreezers p004 p0001 respectively bd performance negatively correlated fogq total p005 number duration fe p001 sip arrhythmicity asymmetry p001 p005 mr performance negatively correlated fogq 3 total well sip fe metrics p001 except sip asymmetry deficits visuospatial perception reasoning executive function differentiated freezers nonfreezers deficits visuospatial processing negatively correlated sip freeze metrics whereas deficits executive function correlated sip arrhythmicity fogq total duration freezing episodes results suggest deficits visuospatial processing perform motor task contribute fog different cognitive deficits may contribute different aspects freezing pd first study knowledge compared metrics freezing cognitive tasks visuospatial visual reasoning domains