Myung Hee Im|Jan N. Hughes|Qian Cao|Oi?Man Kwok
Effects of Extracurricular Participation During Middle School on Academic Motivation and Achievement at Grade 9
American Institutes for Research|Texas A&M University|Texas A&M University|Mitchell Institute|Texas A&M University
investigated effect participating two domains extracurricular activities sports performance artsclubs grades 7 8 grade 9 academic motivation letter grades baseline performance participants 483 students 55 male 33 euroamerican 25 african american 39 latino propensity score weighting controlled potential confounders analyses delayed grade 8 continuous participation grades 7 8 sports predicted competence beliefs valuing education delayed continuous participation performance artsclubs predicted teacherrated engagement letter grades benefits participation similar across gender ethnicity however latino youth least likely participate extracurricular activities implications reducing ethnic income disparities educational attainment discussed