Jo Blanden|Emilia Del Bono|Sandra McNally|Birgitta Rabe
Universal Pre?school Education: The Case of Public Funding with Private Provision
London School of Economics and Political Science|University of Surrey|University of Essex|University of Bergen|University of Essex|London School of Economics and Political Science|University of Surrey
article studies effect free preschool education child outcomes primary school exploit staggered implementation free parttime preschool three year olds across local education authorities england early 2000s policy led small improvements attainment age 5 apparent benefits age 11 argue expansion free places largely crowded privately paid care small changes total participation achieved increase private provision quality lower average public sector