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Investigation of Factors Associated with Science Literacy Performance of Students by Hierarchical Linear Modeling: PISA 2015 Comparison of Turkey and Singapore
Gaziosmanpa?a University
study aimed investigate extent variables directly related science found programme international student assessment pisa 2015 survey predicted science literacy performance students turkey singapore samples determine differences similarities samples two countries study used relational screening model study sample consisted total 9680 students age 15 included 4643 students turkey sample 5037 students singapore sample also sample included 177 schools turkey 163 schools singapore study used hierarchical linear modeling hlm statistical technique appropriate hierarchical data school studentlevel variables together study according findings study science literacy performance indicated significant difference schools countries however approximately 52 difference students science literacy scores turkey sample 34 singapore sample found stem differences schools studentlevel interest science researchbased science teaching learning practices teacher support science lessons science selfefficacy teachercentered science teaching variables proportion science teachers school level determined significant predictor science literacy countries however variables significant predictors science literacy found enjoyment science turkey disciplinary climate science courses variable singapore hand proportion science teachers undergraduate education four years one schoollevel variables found significant predictor science literacy performance fro countries