Omar W Althomali
Long-Term Prevalence and Risk Factors of Musculoskeletal Disorders among the Schoolteachers in Hail, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
BioMed research international
parental incarceration associated educational disadvantages children lower educational attainment increased grade retention truancy suspensions however children exposed parental incarceration often experience adversities also associated educational disadvantage contribution cooccurring adversities considered previous research study aimed investigate educational outcomes children exposed maternal incarceration alone b maternal incarceration plus adversities ie maternal mental illness andor child protective services cps contact used linked administrative data sample children whose mothers incarcerated childrens childhood ie time mothers pregnancy childs 18th birthday n 3828 comparison group children whose mothers incarcerated n 9570 multivariate multinomial logistic regressions examined association exposure three adversities ie maternal incarceration maternal mental illness child cps contact average reading numeracy attainment grades 3 5 7 9 grade levels children exposed maternal incarceration alone exposed maternal incarceration plus adversities increased odds average numeracy reading attainment decreased odds average numeracy reading attainment compared children without recorded exposures children exposed maternal incarceration cps contact exposed three adversities increased odds average reading numeracy attainment compared children exposed maternal incarceration alone findings highlight complex needs children incarcerated mothers must considered designing delivering educational support programs children would benefit implementation multitiered traumainformed educational clinical services