Lin Chang|Brenda B. Toner|Shin Fukudo|Elspeth Guthrie|G. Richard Locke|Nancy J. Norton|Ami D. Sperber
Gender, Age, Society, Culture, and the Patient’s Perspective in the Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders
University of California, Los Angeles|University of Toronto|Centre for Addiction and Mental Health|Tohoku University|University of Manchester|Mayo Clinic|International Foundation for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders|Ben-Gurion University of the Negev|Soroka Medical Center
patients functional gastrointestinal disorders fgid often experience emotional distress perceived lack validation unsatisfactory experience health care providers health care provider provide patient framework understand legitimize symptoms remove selfdoubt blame identify factors contribute symptoms patient influence control framework strengthened consideration various important factors impact fgid often overlooked include gender age society culture patients perspective evidence sex genderrelated differences fgid particularly irritable bowel syndrome ibs whereas majority fgid including ibs bloating constipation chronic functional abdominal pain pelvic floor dysfunction prevalent women men functional esophageal gastroduodenal disorders appear vary gender limited studies suggest sex differences visceral perception cardioautonomic responses gastrointestinal motility brain activation patterns visceral stimuli exist ibs gender differences social factors psychological symptoms response psychological treatments adequately studied however appears greater clinical response serotonergic agents developed ibs women compared men impact social cultural factors meaning expression course fgid important prevalence ibs appears lower nonwestern western countries although studies needed existing literature suggests important consider research clinical perspectives