Björn Meder, Ralf Mayrhofer, Azzurra Ruggeri
Developmental Trajectories in the Understanding of Everyday Uncertainty Terms
Topics in cognitive science
information presented news articles misleading without blatantly false experiment 1 examined effects misleading headlines emphasize secondary content rather articles primary gist investigated headlines affect readers processing factual news articles opinion pieces using direct memory measures indirect reasoning measures experiment 2 examined even subtle type misdirection presented articles featuring facial image one protagonists examined whether headline opening paragraph article affected impressions formed face even person referred headline person portrayed demonstrate misleading headlines affect readers memory inferential reasoning behavioral intentions well impressions people form faces theoretical level argue effects arise headlines constrain information processing biasing readers toward specific interpretation also readers struggle update memory order correct initial misconceptions practical implications news consumers media literacy discussed psycinfo database record c 2014 apa rights reserved