David Herdman, Hena Ahmad, George Antoniades, Gokul Bailur, Arun Pajaniappane, Phil Moss
Developing an implementation intervention for managing acute vertigo in the emergency department
Emergency medicine journal : EMJ
writing difficulties frequently manifest comorbidly reading challenges reading implicated particular acts writing reviewing editing despite known however remain significant barriers understanding nature readingwriting relations studies comprehensive number types literacy skills evaluated study consists secondary data analysis two studies employing structural equation modeling sem evaluate relations among reading writing components skills independently using direct inferential mediation model dime reading comprehension notsosimple view writing nsvw theoretical frameworks examine relations reading writing components models sample upper elementary students withatrisk learning disabilities n 405 lowerorder components included word reading vocabulary handwriting spelling higherorder components included background knowledge reading strategies inferencing planning editing revision literacy outcomes oral silent reading fluency reading comprehension writing quality productivity systematically build readingtowriting mediation rwm model first merging dime nsvw components direct effects model aim 1 expanding joint model include reading writing fluency aim 2 evaluating indirect effects dime nsvw component skills aim 3 finally evaluating indirect effects reading writing fluency aim 4 findings suggest higher order fluency comprehension skills differentially related writing activities products pattern results helps elucidate mechanisms various reading writing skills transfer relate results implications targeted implicit instruction multicomponent interventions use screeners identify areas risk