Chee Kai Chan|Gulzhanat Aimagambetova|Talshyn Ukybassova|Kuralay Kongrtay|Azliyati Azizan
Human Papillomavirus Infection and Cervical Cancer: Epidemiology, Screening, and Vaccination—Review of Current Perspectives
Nazarbayev University|Nazarbayev University|National Research Center for Maternal and Child Health|Nazarbayev University|Nazarbayev University
viral infections contribute cause 1520 human cancers infection oncogenic viruses promote different stages carcinogenesis among many types hpv around 15 linked cancer spite effective screening methods cervical cancer continues major public health problem wide differences cervical cancer incidence mortality geographic region addition agespecific hpv prevalence varies widely across different populations showed two peaks hpv positivity younger older women many studies worldwide epidemiology hpv infection oncogenic properties due different hpv genotypes however still many countries populationbased prevalence yet identified moreover cervical cancer screening strategies different countries organized cervical screening programs potentially effective opportunistic screening programs nevertheless screening programs consistently associated reduction cervical cancer incidence mortality developed countries achieved reduced incidence mortality cervical cancer past 40 years largely due implementation organized cytological screening vaccination programs hpv vaccines effective preventing infection diseases related vaccinespecific genotypes women evidence past current hpv infection spite successful implementation hpv vaccination program many countries world problems related hpv prevention treatment related diseases continue persist developing underdeveloped countries