Hector Gonzalez, Mona S Patel, Marieta Pehlivanova, Rita V Burke
Assessing Trust in Physician and Vaccine Hesitancy Among Hispanic/Latinx Parents
Hispanic health care international : the official journal of the National Association of Hispanic Nurses
ability understand figurative language including metaphors proverbs decreases age although phenomenon universal cognitive capacities education play important role competence connected figurative language use comprehension people second half life identify possible similarities differences task performance subjects representing middle adulthood 4049 5059 years old late adulthood 6069 7092 years old additionally analyses took account factors significantly affecting results tasks type metaphors versus proverbs way answer given openended versus multiple choice types answers abstract concrete study also aimed identify cognitive correlates task completion total 86 caucasian subjects aged 4092 years participated study mwhole group 6237 sd 1553 group included 20 subjects aged 4049 years mage 454 sd 305 20 aged 5059 years mage 5550 sd 264 20 aged 6069 years mage 6440 sd 278 26 aged 7092 years mage 7915 sd 627 total 20 wellknown polish metaphors 20 popular polish proverbs used assess level proverb metaphor comprehension montreal cognitive assessment scale vocabulary subtest polish version waisr applied assess cognitive functions results analyses suggest differences well certain similarities groups 70 years age ability explain comprehend metaphors proverbs decreases compared younger adults 70 group ability grasp meaning metaphors proverbs similar unlike younger groups present better ability explain comprehend metaphors proverbs conditions related types tasks spontaneous interpretation choice responses affect scores oldest subjects analysis response types abstract versus concrete shows compared younger groups people aged 70 years tend less frequently provide abstract explanations often give concrete correct responses referring situational data examples everyday life moreover attention shorttermdelayed memory lexical reserve influence ability use comprehend figurative language varied degree already known subject studies focusing metaphor proverb interpretation people middle late adulthood rather scarce provide inconclusive results research shown capacities related attention memory well language resources executive functions deteriorate older people negatively affects ability understand metaphors proverbs however varied methods applied assess skills may explain related findings inconsistent paper adds existing knowledge novelty study lies fact analyses took account type task metaphors versus proverbs method responding openended versus multiplechoice nature answer abstract versus concrete allowed us highlight intergroup differences show specific characteristics proverb metaphor spontaneous interpretation choice correct answers results compared among participants representing relatively narrow age ranges classified middle late adulthood potential actual clinical implications work analysis people middle late adulthood interpret metaphors proverbs might constitute element preliminary screening assessment showing whether decrease capacity normal range reflects serious cognitive decline would worthwhile diagnostic process included varied task designs metaphors proverbs well spontaneous interpretation multiplechoice well varied types responses