Victor O Ukwenya, Temiloluwa A Fuwape, Olayinka S Ilesanmi
COVID-19 health literacy, coping strategies and perception of COVID-19 containment measures among community members in a southwestern state in Nigeria
Germs
abstract background lack access safe water remains significant risk factor poor health developing countries little research health effects frequently carrying containers water aims study better understand domestic water carrying performed identify potential health risk factors gain insight possible health effects task methods mixed methods data collection six used explore water carrying performed people six rural villages limpopo province south africa data collected semistructured interviews observation measurement linear regression modelling used identify significant correlations potential risk factors rating perceived exertion rpe self reported pain independent ttests used compare mean values potential risk factors rpe subgroups reporting pain reporting pain results water carrying mainly performed women children carrying containers head mean container weight 195 kg mean distance 337 prevalence spinal neck back pain 69 back pain 38 participants carried water head loading distance walked reported spinal pain significantly less 173 95ci 2343 p 0048 head loaders reporting head neck pain compared differences weight water carried 46 kg 95ci 9705 p 0069 rpe 25 95ci 5101 p 0051 borderline statistically significant head loaders rpe significantly correlated container weight r 052 p 0011 incline r 0459 p 0018 conclusions typical water carrying methods impose physical loading potential produce musculoskeletal disorders related disability exploratory study limited small sample size future research aim better understand type strength association water carrying health particularly musculoskeletal disorders however preliminary findings suggest efforts directed toward eliminating need water carrying must continue identifying reducing risk factors musculoskeletal disorders physical injury