Phillip B Levine, Robin McKnight
Firearms and accidental deaths: Evidence from the aftermath of the Sandy Hook school shooting
Science (New York, N.Y.)
investigate capacity selfmonitoring reading comprehension brazilian elementary school students fiftythree elementary students 5th 9th grades two public schools city paulo assessed selected based oral reading rate grouped according performance reading comprehension following categories group best comprehension students adequate rate accuracy without difficulties reading comprehension group worst comprehension students adequate rate accuracy difficulties reading comprehension two narrative texts followed eight questions assess reading comprehension presented two sentences two words replaced ungrammatical elements pseudowords condition spontaneous monitoring students read text aloud answered questions analysis considered calculation hesitation selfcorrection repetitions mistakes condition directed monitoring students instructed read text either aloud silently told certain parts text could make sense oriented underline parts analysis carried counting underlined items comparisons made mannwhitney test difference observed groups sentence level among 9th grade schoolchildren spontaneous monitoring among 5th grade schoolchildren directed monitoring students worst comprehension poorer performance monitor presence ungrammatical sentences peers best comprehension