Jennifer E Adams, Sheilah Jiménez, Vishnu Kulasekaran, Anne Frank, Catherine Ard, Kristina Sandquist, Heather M Cassidy
Characterization of Distinctive Teaching Practices in Longitudinal Integrated Clerkships: Perspectives From Students and Faculty
Teaching and learning in medicine
schizophrenia accompanied humans throughout history despite negative effect fitness remains evolutionary enigma proposed schizophrenia byproduct complex evolution human brain compromise humans language creative thinking cognitive abilities analyzed recent large genomewide association studies schizophrenia range human phenotypes anthropometric measures cardiovascular disease risk factors immunemediated diseases using statistical framework draws polygenic architecture ancillary information genetic variants used information evolutionary proxy measure called neanderthal selective sweep nss score gene loci associated schizophrenia significantly p 730 109 prevalent genomic regions likely undergone recent positive selection humans ie low nss score variants brainrelated genes low nss score confer significantly higher susceptibility variants brainrelated genes enrichment strongest schizophrenia cannot rule enrichment phenotypes false discovery rate conditional evolutionary proxy points 27 candidate schizophrenia susceptibility loci 12 associated schizophrenia psychiatric disorders linked brain development results suggest polygenic overlap schizophrenia nss score marker human evolution line hypothesis persistence schizophrenia related evolutionary process becoming human