Khushbu Vaghela|Heena Oza|Vinit Mishra|Anil Gautam|Sunil Kumar
Effect of Lifestyle Factors on Semen Quality
background declining trend semen quality receiving attention worldwide aim study investigate role lifestyle factors respect semen quality methods semen samples collected 351 male partners attending opd obstetrics gynecology civil hospital ikd hospital ahmedabad india subjected assess quality semen according criteria semen quality analyzed respect self reported history tobacco smoking andor chewing alcohol consumption lifestyle factors results result revealed sperm count lower subjects habit tobacco smoking chewing alcohol consumption compared subjects without habits decline found statistically significant among smokers total progressive motility normal morphology percentage significantly decreased tobacco chewers compared nonchewers analysis data respect alcohol consumption indicated nonsignificantly lower total progressive motility normal sperm morphology percentage compared subjects habit conclusion data obtained suggested role lifestyle factors especially tobacco smoking chewing declining semen quality keywordssemen quality tobacco alcohol lifestyle sperm motility smoking ijlssrintroduction one painful problems marital life infertility various causes infertility endometriosis ovulatory disorder chromosomal abnormalities semen quality idiopathic infertility current approaches treatment infertility problem could resolved extent adopting modern treatment procedures well healthy lifestyle recent study shows infertile couples 40 male partners responsible fertility problems 60 female partners 1 last years remarkable changes observed environment diet lifestyle effect lifestyle factors human reproductive potential might vary circumstances individual susceptibility access article online quick response code website wwwijlssrcom doi 1021276ijlssr20162521 various lifestyle factors alcohol tobacco smoking chewing found adverse effect general health status human widely recognized fact tobacco health hazard consider major cause life threatening disorders approximately one third world population specifically older 15 years consuming tobacco 23 tobacco smoking chewing one potentially hazardous habits around world tobacco chewing mostly prevalent south east asia recent years increasing evidences possible effect lifestyle factors reproductive health status humans studies reported significant decrement rate conception due smoking women 45 factors might affect male reproductive system interfering process spermatogenesis sperm dna chromatin integrity hormonal regulation apart tobacco consumption alcohol also reported negative effect male reproductive system earlier studies found alcohol consumption damage male reproductive system directly affected testicular function 6 report indicated among total infertile men population 42 infertile men consume alcohol 7 report suggests alcohol major precursor male infertility however number reports available semen quality parameters examined alcohol consuming subjects results research article open access int j life sci scienti res vol 2 issue 5 httpijlssrcom copyright 20152016 international journal lifesciences scientific research page 628 inconsistent 811 keeping view present study carried explore relationship lifestyle factors semen quality materials methods research paper part major study male infertility carried april 2011 december 2014 reproductive cytotoxicology department national institute occupational health ethical clearance obtained ethics committee national institute occupational health ahmedabad india study carried among 351 male subjects attended infertility problems reproductive age group 20 45 years male attendees patient department opd enrolled subjects diagnosed urogenital problems sexually transmitted diseases critical disorders may impact male reproduction excluded subject written consent obtained personal information name weight age height history tobacco smoking chewing consumption alcohol etc recorded predesigned pretested proforma semen samples obtained masturbation within 36 days sexual abstinence widemouth sterile container sample collection subject informed hygiene aspects avoid spillage motile sperms evaluated per criteria 12 liquefy semen sample taken clean micro glass slide covered cover slip preparation allowed settle seconds slide observed using 400x magnifications light microscope zeneval carl zeiss germany least 200 sperm cells observed evaluation sperm motility fast progressive sperms counted first followed slow progressive sperms counting motile sperms nonmotile sperms immotile sperms counted microscopic field category sperm percentage calculated concentration spermatozoa determined per guidelines 13 dilution semen sample carried using semen diluent 5 nahco3 35 vv neutral formalin sperm count carried help neubauers chamber two isolated aliquots diluted semen loaded neubauers chamber two separate readings taken mean two considered sperm morphology checked semen samples using papanicolaou staining method 13 analysis sperm morphology carried using light microscope zeneval carl zeiss germany 1000x oil immersion lens total two hundred sperms counted categorized morphologically normal sperm sperm oval head followed distinct midpiece region normal tail clear well defined acrosomal area 4070 head area ii morphologically defective sperms head shape abnormality midpiece defect tail multiple defects statistical analysis data performed using spss 160 windows descriptive statistics reported mean se significant p value less 005 considered statistically significant results general characteristics study population area residence educational status dietary habits shown table1 area wise distribution subjects indicated 64 1824 subjects rural area 287 8176 subjects belonged urban area distribution subjects basis literacy showed 770 subjects received formal education 5156 1738 subjects educated primary secondary level respectively moreover 2336 subjects received education graduate higher level dietary habits study subjects revealed 4017 subjects habit consuming mixed food nonvegetarian vegetarian food 5983 subjects vegetarian table 1 characteristics study subjects characteristics variables number