Christina Misunas, Erica Soler-Hampejsek, Beth Kangwana, Nicole A Haberland
Do adolescent girls' education and friendships have independent effects on early pregnancy? Results of a mediation analysis from a longitudinal cohort study in Nairobi, Kenya
SSM - population health
cognitive reserve cr contributes preserving cognition facing brain aging damage cr linked dementia risk late life however association cr cognitive changes brain imaging measures especially midlife unclear aimed explore association cr cognitive decline structural brain differences middle older age longitudinal study uk biobank project participants completed baseline surveys 2006 2010 followed mean followup 9 years populationbased study total 42301 dementiafree participants aged 4070 followedup detect cognitive changes subsample n34041 underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging scans used latent class analysis generate cr indicator categorized high moderate low based education occupation multiple cognitively stimulating activities cognitive tests global domainspecific cognition administrated baseline followup total brain white matter grey matter hippocampal white matter hyperintensity volumes tbv wmv gmv hv wmhv assessed followup examination data analyzed using mixedeffects models analysis covariance baseline 16032 379 10709 253 15560 368 participants low moderate high levels cr respectively compared low cr high cr associated slower declines global cognition 95 confidence interval 010 008 011 prospective memory 010 006 015 fluid intelligence 007 004 010 reaction time 004 002 006 participants high cr lower tbv wmv gmv wmhv higher hv controlling global cognition corrected p 001 significant relationships cr cognition tbv present among middleaged 60 years older 60 years participants crcognition association remained significant despite reductions brain structural properties higher cr associated slower cognitive decline higher hv lower microvascular burden especially middle age individuals high cr could tolerate smaller brain volumes maintaining cognition benefit cr cognition independent structural brain differences findings highlight contribution enhancing cr helping compensate neuroimaging alterations ultimately prevent cognitive decline