Melanie K Bean, Hollie A Raynor, Laura M Thornton, Alexandra Sova, Mary Dunne Stewart, Suzanne E Mazzeo
Reliability and Validity of Digital Imagery Methodology for Measuring Starting Portions and Plate Waste from School Salad Bars
Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
aim use geometric morphometric methods analyze contours side face profile variations 116 children hunan province china order reveal common morphological features growth side face profiles chinese children photographed side faces consistent standardized procedures thirtyseven landmarks recorded comprehensively reflected facial sagittal plane collection coordinate data regarding landmarks conducted tpsdig software analyses average shape analysis principal component analysis variations analysis allometric analysis conducted using tpsrelw tpsregr based 37 landmarks principal component analysis used profiles boys girls result shows pc1 pc2 account 3546 2744 side face contour variations respectively significant difference side profiles boys girls overlapping distributions boys girls occurred significant difference occurs principal component analysis used side profiles children adults significant difference side face profiles adult males females adult males higher brow 8th landmark females adult females curved forehead however side face profiles boys girls around 10 years age generally similar suggests significant difference side face profiles adult males females may formed age 10 study great significance orthodontists pediatricians use different norms kids adults different norms males females age groups