Daniele Checchi|Maria De Paola
The effect of multigrade classes on cognitive and non- cognitive skills. Causal evidence exploiting minimum class size rules in Italy?
University of Milan|University of Calabria
analyse schooling multigrade classes affects formation student cognitive noncognitive skills identification strategy based institutional features italian educational system establishing minimum number students per class classes reach minimum number pupils organized multigrade classes addition italian law also establishes maximum number students multigrade classes implies class size multigrade classes similar class size small single grade classes number students minimum size using census data 5th grade italian students find pupils multigrade classrooms obtain worse test scores literacy numeracy standardised tests compared comparable pupils single grade classroom effect small always statistically significant literacy score find large highly statistically significant effect numeracy score also find pupils placed multigrade classes tend external centred locus control results robust different specifications including controls class size number student school characteristics