Riccardo Williams, Silvia Andreassi, Marta Moselli, Fiorella Fantini, Annalisa Tanzilli, Vittorio Lingiardi, Fiorenzo Laghi
Relationship between Executive Functions, Social Cognition, and Attachment State of Mind in Adolescence: An Explorative Study
International journal of environmental research and public health
increasing consumption highly processed foods associated adverse health outcomes among children us children consume half daily energy intake school sought characterize foods children bring home school according processing level evaluate effectiveness schoolbased intervention great taste less waste gtlw reducing proportion energy brought highly processed foods home compared control secondary data analysis 7month schoolbased clusterrandomized trial third fourthgrade students n 502 mean age 90 062 years 10 public elementary schools eastern massachusetts school year 20122013 gtlw included 22lesson classroom curriculum homework activities monthly parent newsletters food shopping packing guide parents food demonstrations schoolwide announcements poster contest energy content foods brought school estimated digital photographs foods assigned 1 3 processing levels less processed unprocessed moderately processed highly processed based established classification system percentage energy brought foods categorized processing level calculated compared pre postintervention using hierarchical linear models food brought home school highly processed 70 food energy brought foods categorized snack foods desserts contributed greatest percentage total energy highly processed category baseline followup 72 69 respectively energy foods brought snack tended highly processed brought lunch significant differences observed pre postintervention gtlw group compared control percentage energy brought highly processed foods adjusted models 11 standard error 22 p 6 processing level highly processed foods prevalent homepacked lunches snacks patterns persisted targeted intervention research needed identify strategies improve healthfulness foods brought home school