Robert Unger, Bryan Schreiner, Brandi W Pang, James T Obayashi, Shirley McCartney, Jackie Dingman, Nathan R Selden, Aclan Dogan, Jeremy N Ciporen
Innovative growth and development of a neurological surgery residency cadaveric spine-simulation training program: a single-institution experience
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impairments executive function documented schoolage children mathematical learning difficulties however utility specificity preschool executive function abilities predicting later mathematical achievement poorly understood study examined linkages childrens developing executive function abilities age 4 childrens subsequent achievement mathematics age 6 1 year school entry study sample consisted regionally representative cohort 104 children followed prospectively ages 2 6 years age 4 children completed battery executive function tasks assessed planning set shifting inhibitory control teachers completed preschool version behavior rating inventory executive function clinical classroom measures childrens mathematical achievement collected age 6 results showed childrens performance set shifting inhibitory control general executive behavior measures preschool period accounted substantial variability childrens early mathematical achievement school associations persisted even individual differences general cognitive ability reading achievement taken account findings suggest early measures executive function may useful identifying children may experience difficulties learning mathematical skills concepts also suggest scaffolding executive skills could potentially useful additional component early mathematics education