Stephanie O Sangalang, Allen Lemuel G Lemence, Zheina J Ottong, John Cedrick Valencia, Mikaela Olaguera, Rovin James F Canja, Shyrill Mae F Mariano, Nelissa O Prado, Roezel Mari Z Ocaña, Patricia Andrea A Singson, Ma Lourdes Cumagun, Janine Liao, Maria Vianca Jasmin C Anglo, Christian Borgemeister, Thomas Kistemann
School water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) intervention to improve malnutrition, dehydration, health literacy, and handwashing: a cluster-randomised controlled trial in Metro Manila, Philippines
BMC public health
authors advance argument placing observation actual teaching central feature accountability frameworks teacher preparation basic science could result substantial improvements instruction related social processes science production teaching teachers teachers behavioral interactions students assessed observationally using standardized protocols b analyzed systematically regard sources error c validated predicting student learning changed improved function specific aligned supports provided teachers exposure supports predictive greater student learning gains methods considerable promise along measurement challenges pertain psychometrics efficiency costs merit attention rigorous study substantial research investments