C Botella, G Molinari, J Fernández-Álvarez, V Guillén, A García-Palacios, R M Baños, J M Tomás
Development and validation of the openness to the future scale: a prospective protective factor
Health and quality of life outcomes
spondylolysis increasingly common diagnoses young individuals presents wide range pathological clinical findings patients treated conservatively surgery reserved severe cases populations study defining incidence spondylolysis kids inpatient database kid assess trends diagnoses causes treatments retrospective analysis prospectively collected information kid performed years 2003 2012 patients diagnosis spondylolysis icd9cm 75611 ages 0 20 years kid identified incidence spondylolysis established using kidsupplied hospital yearadjusted trend weights demographics including age race gender charlson comorbidity index assessed spondylolysis patients primary outcome measures yearadjusted hospitaladjusted incidence spondylolysis secondary outcome measures concurrent diagnoses surgical details six hundred sixteen patients diagnosis spondylolysis 329 primary diagnosis identified female 538 age 1527 332 years incidence spondylolysis 7 per 100000 patients nationally spondylolysis incidence increased time p 0001 though operative rate spondylolysis remained last decade 70 average p 052 average cci 0234 average length stay 376 days 924 patients discharged home etiology spondylolysis trauma 86 patients 32 car crash 19 pedestrian 13 fall 13 assault 11 transport 10 sports 03 motorcycle 02 firearm 02 bicycle 19 reported multiple trauma etiologies common concurrent diagnoses spondylolysis patients spondylolisthesis 28 idiopathic scoliosis 44 cerebral palsy 19 spina bifida 18 four hundred thirty patients spondylolysis underwent surgical treatment 40 surgically treated patients spondylolisthesis rate fusions 549 fusions 21 decompression though rate fusions decompressions performed spondylolysis remained last decade average fusion rate 55 average decompression rate 18 p 005 levels fused complications differ depending whether decompression performed p 005 posterioronly approach used 622 surgeries mostly 2 3 level procedures 635 perioperative complications occurred 81 patients common complications devicerelated 23 respiratory 15 digestive 15 national incidence spondylolysis increased time surgical rate treatment techniques remained constant common concurrent diagnoses idiopathic scoliosis cerebral palsy spina bifida work required determine significance trends associations