Salem Alawbathani, Mehreen Batool, Jan Fleckhaus, Sarkawt Hamad, Floyd Hassenrück, Yanhong Hou, Xia Li, Jon Salmanton-García, Sami Ullah, Frederique Wieters, Martin C Michel
A teaching tool about the fickle p value and other statistical principles based on real-life data
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology
reading highly refined skill encompasses two main components decoding graphic symbols understanding written message aspects generally develop together reading comprehension much complex process sustained identification written words vocabulary also language systems syntax general knowledge although wellestablished technique performing phoniatric assessment common use tests assess reading comprehension association information assessment data objective study context phoniatric consultation evaluate reading retelling children relevant reading difficulties correlate decoding comprehension problems alterations observed auditory visual perceptual tests pointing evidence best contributed differential diagnosis subjects starting population 301 children enrolled 4th 5th grades elementary school 13 children evident reading writing difficulties evaluated regarding reading retelling tasks separated groups according problem decoding fluency comprehension reading performance correlated performance visual auditory perceptual tests based similarity analysis tests considered relevant diagnosis process children identified results suggest tasks naming figures repetition numbers reverse order figure copying syllabic synthesis phonemic synthesis rhyme phonemic manipulation altogether contribute diagnosis multidisciplinary intervention aspects tasks relevant diagnostic process children complaints learning difficulties reading