Fulin Liu, Kai Qiu, Hongan Wang, Yuhong Dong, Dongchuan Yu
Decreased wrist rotation imitation abilities in children with autism spectrum disorder
Frontiers in psychiatry
methods identify carelessness survey research valuable tools reducing bias survey development validation use carelessness may take multiple forms researchers typically use multiple indices identifying carelessness current study extend literature careless response identification examining usefulness three itemresponse theorybased personfit indices random overconsistent careless response identification infit mse outfit mse polytomous lz statistic compared statistics traditional careless response indices using empirical data simulated data empirical data included 2049 high school student surveys teaching effectiveness network educator effectiveness simulated data manipulated type carelessness random response overconsistency percent carelessness present 0 5 10 20 results suggest infit outfit mse lz statistic may provide complementary information traditional indices longstring mahalanobis distance validity items completion time receiver operating characteristic curves suggested personfit indices showed good sensitivity specificity classifying overconsistent underconsistent careless patterns thus functioning bidirectional manner carelessness classifications based low fit values correlated carelessness classifications longstring completion time classifications based high fit values correlated classifications mahalanobis distance consider implications research practice