Yusra Ahmed, Shawn C Kent, Milena Keller-Margulis
Reading-to-Writing Mediation model of higher-order literacy
Frontiers in psychology
piggery production highly constrained diseases diarrhoea piglets major cause economic losses smallholder farmers uganda enterotoxigenic escherichia coli etec thought one major etiologies diarrhoea crosssectional study carried two high pigproducing districts uganda aim determining significance piglet diarrhoea pathogenic determinants causative e coli total 40 households piglets visited district questionnaire survey faecal sample collection questionnairebased data collected included demographic data pig management practices e coli isolated diarrheic 43 nondiarrheic 172 piglets subjected antimicrobial susceptibility testing nine commonly used antimicrobial agents e coli isolates screened presence 11 enterotoxin fimbrial virulence gene markers using multiplex polymerase chain reaction data entry cleaning verification descriptive statistics performed using microsoft excel statistical analysis determine association presence virulence markers diarrhea piglets done using spss software version 23 p value less 005 taken statistically significant association escherichia coli recovered 814 175215 faecal samples isolates resistant erythromycin showed high resistance tetracycline 71 ampicillin 49 trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole 45 half isolates 583 carried least one 11 virulence gene markers tested east1 prevalent virulence marker detected 354 followed stb 148 expression one virulence gene marker observed 62 isolates east1sta combination prevalent three adhesins f17 06 f18 63 aidai 06 detected f18 encountered statistically significant association occurrence piglet diarrhoea presence aida1 p value 0037 east1 p value 0011 gene marker among isolates level antimicrobial resistance among e coli isolates expressing virulence markers high sampled districts study established significant association presence east1 aidai virulence markers piglet diarrhea studies carried elucidate main adhesins borne organisms uganda actual role played east1 pathogenesis infection since isolates expressed gene