Xinyue Wu, Rui Zhen, Lingyan Shen, Ruyue Tan, Xiao Zhou
Patterns of Elementary School Students' Bullying Victimization: Roles of Family and Individual Factors
Journal of interpersonal violence
preschoolers use direct observation statistical data informant testimony learn causal relationships children integrate information sources especially source reliability uncertain investigate children handle conflict hear see experiment 1 4yearolds introduced machine 2 blocks knowledgeable informant claimed know block better activating machine nave informant guessed children observed probabilistic evidence contradicting informant asked identify block worked better next informant claimed know 2 novel blocks better activator children chose 1 block try observing conflicting data children likely say informants block better informant knowledgeable nave children also used statistical data evaluate informants reliability less likely try novel block endorsed children baseline group observe data experiment 2 children saw conflicting deterministic data majority chose block consistently activated machine better endorsed block childrens causal inferences varied confidence informant strength statistical data informed future trust informant children consider strength social physical causal cues even disagree integrate information sources rational way