Rebecca M Schermbeck, Julien Leider, Elizabeth Piekarz-Porter, Jamie F Chriqui
Artificial sweeteners in food and beverage products at school
Public health nutrition
school urinary screening performed japan ikeda city toyono town introduced 2012 2013 urinary proteincreatinine cr ratio measurement urinescreening protocols designed students aged 4 15 years student whose urinary proteincr ratio 015 ggcr positive case appointment made specialist ikeda city hospital results screening urinalyses conducted 2018 summarized 14606 junior high elementary school students aged 6 15 years included average underwent 416 screening tests 77 positive cases detected seven students diagnosed highrisk chronic kidney disease ckd four underwent renal biopsy two one one diagnosed iga nephropathy mpgn fsgs respectively three students detection ckd would difficult without urinary screening incident rates highrisk ckd iga nephropathy estimated 115 33 cases100000 studentsyear 780 positive cases without highrisk ckd showed urinary abnormality one year 2301 kindergarten students aged 4 6 years received average 174 screening urinalyses none positive highrisk ckd estimated cost detecting one highrisk ckd student whose detection would difficult without screening 3156711 japanese yen school urinary screening using urinary proteincr ratio efficiently refer specialist detects children highrisk ckd early spending high cost