Joanna E Thomson, Caroline E Rassbach, Neha Shah, Jacqueline Walker, Karen Wilson, Samir S Shah, Karen Jerardi
Development of Scholarship Core Competencies for Pediatric Hospital Medicine Fellowship Programs
Hospital pediatrics
longitudinal study development word reading fluency spelling followed almost 8 years group 115 students 65 girls 50 boys acquiring phonologically transparent german orthography prediction measures letter knowledge phonological shortterm memory phonological awareness rapid automatized naming nonverbal iq assessed beginning grade 1 reading fluency spelling tested end grade 1 well grades 4 8 reading accuracy close ceiling reading assessments reading fluency heavily influenced differences reading accuracy high stability observed word reading fluency development dysfluent readers grade 1 70 still poor readers grade 8 spelling children end grade 1 still problems translating spoken words phonologically plausible letter sequences developed problems orthographic spelling later strongest specific predictors rapid automatized naming reading fluency phonological awareness spelling word recognition speed relevant highly stable indicator reading skills indicator discriminated reading skill levels consistent orthographies longterm development strongly influenced early naming speed phonological awareness