Mitsuo Uchida
Individual background factors associated with vaccination for seasonal influenza in Japanese schoolchildren
Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy
secondhand smoke shs exposure pregnancy linked adverse birth outcomes low birth weight preterm birth questionnaires commonly used assess shs exposure ability capture true exposure vary making difficult researchers harmonize shs measures study aimed compare selfreported shs exposure measurements airborne shs personal samples pregnant women shs measured 48hour integrated personal pm25 teflon filters collected 204 pregnant women selfreported shs exposure measures obtained via questionnaires descriptive statistics calculated airborne shs measures analysis variance tests assessed group differences airborne shs concentrations selfreported shs exposure participants 81 hispanic mean standard deviation sd age 282 60 years geometric mean sd personal airborne shs concentrations 014 941 gm3 participants reporting lower education significantly higher airborne shs exposure p 015 mean airborne shs concentrations greater reporting longer duration windows open home association airborne shs selfreported shs exposure however asking number smokers nearby 48hour monitoring period correlated measured airborne shs two smokers 030 gm3 vs one 012 gm3 zero 015 gm3 p 230 selfreported shs exposure associated measured airborne shs personal pm25 samples suggests exposure misclassification using shs questionnaires need harmonized validated questions characterize exposure health studies study adds growing body evidence measurement error major concern pregnancy research particularly studies rely selfreport questionnaires measure shs exposure study introduces alternative method shs exposure assessment using objective optical measurements help improve accuracy exposure assessment findings emphasize importance using harmonized validated shs questionnaires pregnancy health research avoid biased effect estimates study inform future research practice policy development reduce shs exposure adverse health effects