Yuya Murakami, Taisei Uchiyama, Atsushi Shono
Correlation between Physical Properties of 12-Hydroxystearic Acid Organogels and Hansen Solubility Parameters
Gels (Basel, Switzerland)
increased adolescent sports participation raised concerns higher rates concussions prevalent injury among young athletes potential longterm effects discrepancies concussion recovery management protocols across various sports underscore critical issue youth athletics study aimed examine relationship sport type number games missed following concussion inform targeted management strategies data 7445 postinjury impact tests athletes aged 1222 years collected 2009 2019 analyzed across different sports baseball basketball cheerleading football ice hockey lacrosse soccer softball swimming track field volleyball wrestling number days normalized missed games nmg metric accounting different number games season different sports used evaluate effect concussions across different sports anova ttests linear regression analyses performed model effect sport type games missed season controlling sex age concussion history diagnosed learning disability dld attentiondeficithyperactivity disorder adhd multivariable linear regression analysis demonstrated football participation significantly increased nmg 1681 95 ci 08072554 p 0001 days missed 1637 95 ci 10442231 p 0001 head injury concussion diagnoses also found significantly increase nmg 2344 95 ci 16293059 p 0001 days missed 1560 95 ci 10742045 p 0001 well history prior concussion nmg 7791 95 ci 73688215 p 0001 days missed 5232 95 ci 49455520 p 0001 contrast factors age sex dld adhd concussions causing loss consciousness significantly affect nmg days missed anova tukey honest significant difference indicated compared football ice hockey mean difference md 54 days p 0011 track field md 41 days p 0006 associated significantly days missed head injury conversely basketball md 30 p 0001 volleyball md 26 p 0005 associated fewer missed games adolescents playing football missed fewer days games concussion contact noncontact sports including ice hockey track field raising questions variations returntoplay protocols cultural attitudes within sports research needed determine factors affecting games missed across sport types adolescent athletics returntoplay protocols