Sukumar Vellakkal|S. V. Subramanian|Christopher Millett|Sanjay Basu|David Stuckler|Shah Ebrahim
Socioeconomic Inequalities in Non-Communicable Diseases Prevalence in India: Disparities between Self-Reported Diagnoses and Standardized Measures
Public Health Foundation of India|Harvard University|Imperial College London|Public Health Foundation of India|London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine|Stanford University|London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine|University of Oxford|Public Health Foundation of India|London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
whether noncommunicable diseases ncds diseases poverty affluence lowandmiddle income countries vigorously debated analyses ncds used selfreported data biased differential access healthcare services groups different socioeconomic status ses sought compare selfreported diagnoses versus standardised measures ncd prevalence across ses groups indiawe calculated ageadjusted prevalence rates common ncds study global ageing adult health nationally representative crosssectional survey compared selfreported diagnoses standardized measures disease five ncds calculated wealthrelated educationrelated disparities ncd prevalence calculating concentration index c ranges 1 1 concentration disease among lower higher ses groups respectivelyncd prevalence higher range 52 191 standardised measures selfreported diagnoses range 31 94 several ncds particularly concentrated among higher ses groups according selfreported diagnoses csrd concentrated either among lower ses groups showed strong socioeconomic gradient using standardized measures csm agestandardised wealthrelated c angina csrd 002 vs csm 017 asthma lung diseases csrd 005 vs csm 004 agestandardised educationrelated csrd 004 vs csm 005 vision problems csrd 007 vs csm 005 depression csrd 007 vs csm 013 indicating similar trends standardized measures detecting cases among low ses concentration hypertension declined among higher ses csrd 019 vs csm 003the socioeconomic patterning ncd prevalence differs markedly assessed standardized criteria versus selfreported diagnoses ncds india necessarily diseases affluence also poverty indicating likely underdiagnosis underreporting diseases among poor standardized measures used wherever feasible estimate true prevalence ncds