Lawrence T Lam, Mary K P Lam
A Web-Based and Mobile Intervention Program Using a Spaced Education Approach for Workplace Mental Health Literacy: Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
JMIR mental health
students disabilities swd black hispanic reported likely placed primarily outside general education classrooms attending us schools federal law regulation require monitoring special education placement based race ethnicity yet whether extent racial ethnic disparities placement explained bias explanatory factors currently unclear evaluated racial ethnic bias special education placement analyzing longitudinal data two independent samples swd n values range 5901130 attending us elementary schools statistically controlled plausibly exogenous sociodemographic academic behavioral risk factors measured kindergarten analyses students attended first third fifth grades 19992000 20152016 school years resulting 12 black hispanic gradeyearspecific tests 11 ie 92 indicated controls kindergarten explanatory factorsparticularly significant academic difficultiesfully explained risk initially attributable race ethnicity observed little evidence bias explains racial ethnic disparities special education placement us elementary schools