Solomon Sisay Mulugeta, Shewayiref Geremew Gebremichael, Setegn Muche Fenta, Berhanu Engidaw Getahun
Geographical variation and determinants of women unemployment status in Ethiopia; A multilevel and spatial analysis from 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey data
PloS one
adolescent participation risky addictive behaviours smoking substance use gambling potential lead many serious problems presence conduct problems cps early initiation risky addictive behaviours independently shown associated adolescent young adult smoking drinking gambling nevertheless relation early initiation risky addictive behaviours cps remains explored among preadolescents study aims examine prospective relation cps early primary school preadolescent initiation smoking alcohol use gambling study used data participants ongoing prospective longitudinal study universit de sherbrooke examine cigarette alcohol gambling initiation among primary schoolaged boys girls cps children recruited ages 6 9 years several low socioeconomic status public schools diverse geographical regions quebec initiation cigarettes alcohol gambling measured 1 year later children cps found greater risk early initiation smoking alcohol gambling effects remained even known risk factors poor parental supervision child effortful control controlled results suggest cps present early elementary school predict early initiation potentially addictive behaviours among boys girls implications targeted preventive intervention discussed