Mahnoush Etminan Malek, Gisela Nyberg, Liselotte Schäfer Elinder, Emma Patterson, Åsa Norman
Children's experiences of participating in a school-based health promotion parental support programme - a qualitative study
BMC pediatrics
use seclusion manage conflict behaviours psychiatric inpatient settings increasingly viewed intervention last resort many protocols thus developed reduce practice conducted systematic review determine effectiveness protocols reduce seclusion process outcomes eg seclusion restraint patient outcomes eg injuries aggressive incidents satisfaction staff outcomes eg injuries satisfaction searched medline embase cochrane register clinical trials psycinfo cinahl cairninfo clinicaltrialsgov protocols reduce seclusion practices adult patients inpatient mental health units inception september 6 2022 summarised categorised reported elements protocols designed reduce seclusion using behaviour change wheel intervention functions resources needed implement protocol psychiatric units assessed risk bias determined certainty evidence using grade fortyeight reports addressed five approaches reduce seclusion hospitalunit restructuring n 4 staff educationtraining n 3 sensory modulation rooms n 7 risk assessment management protocols n 7 comprehensivemixed interventions n 22 n 6 without empirical data relationship various protocols outcomes mixed psychiatric units implement architecturally positive designs sensory rooms brset violence checklist various multicomponent comprehensive interventions may reduce seclusion events though certainty findings low due studies methodological limitations future research practice may benefit standardised reporting process outcome measures analyses account confounders