Mengting Zhong, E Scott Huebner, Lili Tian
Gender-Specific Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms in Chinese Children: Relations with Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction at School
Journal of abnormal child psychology
evaluate impact debate activity pharmacy students knowledge public health health policy topics fortysix p2 students required public health health policy course debated universal healthcare coverage americans using lincolndouglas oral debate format demographic data including age gender collected knowledge prepost universal healthcare principles assessed via rubricembedded quiz related activity objectives students perceptions educational value debate assessed debate using 12item likert scale 1strongly disagree 5strongly agree openended questions descriptive statistics thematic analysis conducted using spss v25 atlasti version 9 respectively wilcoxon ttests conducted compare pre postknowledge scores alpha level 005 utilized fortytwo students completed perceptions survey yielding 96 response rate mean age 244 years primarily female 63 majority prior experience debates 804 statistically significant improvement knowledge following debate 665 134 807 12 p 0001 total increase 142 open responses indicated students felt overall knowledge healthcare systems increased developed literature review communications skills debate activity enhanced students knowledge assessment controversial public health issues useful pharmacy education careers students perceived debates enriched learning