Hilda Sønsterud, Kirsten Howells, David Ward
Covert and overt stuttering: Concepts and comparative findings
Journal of communication disorders
study concurrently investigated 3 possible causes dyslexiaa phonological deficit visual stress reduced visual attention spanin large population 164 dyslexic 118 control french children aged 8 13 years old found dyslexic children showed phonological deficit either terms response accuracy 921 sample speed 848 793 deficits visual attention span measured partial report ability affected 281 dyslexic participants also showed phonological deficit visual stress measured subjective reports visual discomfort affected 55 dyslexic participants controls 85 although phonological variables explained large amount variance literacy skills visual variables explain additional variance finally children comorbid phonological visual deficits show severe reading disability children pure phonological deficit results confirm importance phonological deficits dyslexia b suggest visual attention span may play role minor one least population c support involvement visual stress dyslexia among factors may explain differences previously published studies present sample characterized stringent inclusion criteria terms severity reading disability terms exclusion comorbidities may exacerbate role phonological deficits detriment factors playing role reading acquisition psycinfo database record