Jia-Ming Liang, Wei-Cheng Su, Yu-Lin Chen, Shih-Lin Wu, Jen-Jee Chen
Smart Interactive Education System Based on Wearable Devices
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
quasiliquid layers qlls present surface ice play significant role distinctive chemical physical properties layers exhibit considerable heterogeneity across different scales ranging nanometers millimeters although formation partially icelike structures proposed molecularlevel understanding heterogeneity remains unclear examined heterogeneity molecular dynamics qlls based molecular dynamics simulations machine learning analysis simulation data demonstrated molecular dynamics qlls comprise mixture solid liquid water molecules rather molecules similar behaviors form dynamical domains associated dynamical heterogeneity supercooled water nonetheless molecules domains frequently switch dynamical state furthermore observable characteristic domain size longrange ordering strongly depends temperature crystal face instead mixture static solid liquidlike regions results indicate presence heterogeneous molecular dynamics qlls offers molecularlevel insights surface properties ice