Nan Zhao, Chenyang Wang, Chunyan Shi, Xiaojie Liu
The effect of education expenditure on air pollution: Evidence from China
Journal of environmental management
patellar height index important however measurement procedures timeconsuming prone significant variability among within observers developed deep learningbased automatic measurement system patellar height evaluated performance generalization ability accurately measure patellar height index developed dataset containing 3923 lateral knee xray images notably xray images three tertiary level hospitals 2341 cases included analysis screening manually labeling key points model trained using residual network resnet highresolution network hrnet human pose estimation architectures measure patellar height index various data enhancement techniques used enhance robustness model root mean square error rmse object keypoint similarity oks percentage correct keypoint pck metrics used evaluate training results addition used intraclass correlation coefficient icc assess consistency manual automatic measurements hrnet model performed excellently keypoint detection tasks comparing different deep learning models furthermore posehrnetw48 model particularly outstanding rmse oks pck metrics insallsalvati index isi automatically calculated model also highly consistent manual measurements intraclass correlation coefficient icc 08090885 evidence demonstrates accuracy generalizability deep learning system practical applications successfully developed deep learningbased automatic measurement system patellar height system demonstrated accuracy comparable experienced radiologists strong generalizability across different datasets provides essential tool assessing treating knee diseases early monitoring rehabilitation knee surgery due potential bias selection datasets study different datasets examined future optimize model reliably applied clinical practice study registered medical research registration filing information system medicalresearchorgcn mr6123013065 date registration may 04 2023 retrospectively registered