Jean?François Yale|Hélène Dulude|Marc Egeth|Claude A. Piché|Martin Lafontaine|D. Calero Carballo|Rebecca Margolies|Emily Dissinger|Adam Shames|Nicole Kaplowitz|Michelle Xiaotian Zhang|Shuyu Zhang|Cristina B. Guzmán
Faster Use and Fewer Failures with Needle-Free Nasal Glucagon Versus Injectable Glucagon in Severe Hypoglycemia Rescue: A Simulation Study
McGill University|Eli Lilly (Canada)|Eli Lilly (United States)|Eli Lilly (United States)
severe hypoglycemic episodes people diabetes depend others help treatment compared needlefree nasal glucagon commercially available injectable glucagon ease use caregivers people diabetes others treating simulated episodes severe hypoglycemiasixteen instructed caregivers 15 noninstructed acquaintances administered nasal injectable glucagon manikins simulating unconscious people diabetes severe hypoglycemia episodeswith nasal glucagon 15 caregivers 94 14 acquaintances 93 administered full dose mean time 027 044 min respectively one caregiver one acquaintance administer nasal glucagon fully depress plunger device two caregivers deliberately administered insulin nasal glucagon believing insulin would also help patient injectable glucagon eight caregivers 50 injected glucagon mean time 189 min two 13 administered full dose three acquaintances 20 injected partial dose injectable glucagon mean time 240 min none gave full dose errors included injecting diluent bending needle injecting empty syringe two caregivers one acquaintance injected insulin confused insulin injectable glucagonmore 90 participants delivered full doses nasal glucagon 13 0 caregivers acquaintances delivered full doses injectable glucagon indicating nasal glucagon easier nonmedically trained people administer thus nasal glucagon potential substantially improve treatment patients experiencing lifethreatening episode severe hypoglycemia