Marija Levic, Natasa Bogavac-Stanojevic, Stana Ubavic, Dusanka Krajnovic
Pharmacotherapy literacy level and predictors of low literacy among diabetes mellitus type 2 patients in Serbia
BMC public health
technologyenhanced learning tel proposed approach minimise healthcare workforce shortage preventing universal healthcare coverage simulationbased medical education wellestablished teaching method little known effective strategies translate inperson medical simulation teaching virtual world work aimed review literature approaches visualisation technologyenhanced medical simulation systematic search strategy optimised using three databases embase medline apa psycinfo additional papers identified crossreferencing last date search 3 january 2022 articles analysed qualitatively risk bias assessed using robinsi rob 2 tools search yielded 656 results 9 additional papers identified crossreferencing following deduplication exclusions 23 articles included qualitative synthesis evidence offline online computerbased modules virtual patient cases practical skills simulations identified prevalent clinical simulation teaching modalities visualisation approaches included text images animations videos 3d environments significant heterogeneity study designs moderate risk bias established based current data virtual patient scenarios use natural language input interfaces enriched video voice recordings 3d animations short text descriptions make patient management experience lifelike increase knowledge retention however agreed framework assessing pedagogical value innovations highquality randomised controlled trials telbased clinical simulation essential advance field