Jianhua Zhou, Xue Gong, Xiaofei Li
Longitudinal relations between teacher support and academic achievement among Chinese children: Disentangling between‑ and within-student associations
Journal of school psychology
purpose present study profile bullying behaviors elementary schools saudi arabia secondary purpose examine differences bullying behaviors across gender participants 3867 fourth graders completed surveys timss 2019 survey 11item bullying experience scale utilized good internal consistency reliability data analyzed using latent class analysis mplus 89 identify profiles bullying experiences results indicated presence five profiles levels low medium high bullying experiences well two profiles cyberbullying experiences medium high medium low physical verbal instances bullying gender effects highly pronounced maladaptive bullying profiles predominantly male concluded physical bullying mainly occupied males levels cyberbullying generally low elementary school grades implications educational policy clearly direct development support groups expert counseling bullies victims staff training identification course action development standardized school policies incidences occur