Christopher Chapman|Maija Salokangas
Independent state-funded schools: some reflections on recent developments
University of Manchester|University of Manchester
abstract educational systems around world experimenting new forms schooling one example emergence independent statefunded schools isfss usa taken form charter schools sweden chains free schools established england academies recently free schools placed centre government reforms article offers clarity definition relating isfss chains isfss charts features recent developments highlighting shift emphasis improvement efforts individual schools collaborative chains federations conclusion article argues isfss supporting shift individualised school improvement collaborative form federal improvement within current arrangements unlikely able support broader systemic improvement efforts unless attention paid structural cultural change keywords academiescharter schoolsfree schoolsgovernanceschool choice