Risk factor is anything that changes your chance of getting a disease like cancer. Different cancers have different risk factors. Some risk factors are modifiable and some are nonmodifiable. Having the risk factor doesn't always mean that you will get the disease but it certainly increases your chances as compared to the general population.
Risk factors for lymphoma are as under:
Age Getting older is a strong risk factor for lymphoma overall, with most cases occurring in people in their 60s or older. But some types of lymphoma are more common in younger people. Gender Overall, the risk of NHL is higher in men than in women, but there are certain types of NHL that are more common in women. The reasons for this are not known. Race, Ethnicity, and Geography In the United States, whites are more likely than African Americans and Asian Americans to develop NHL. Worldwide, NHL is more common in developed countries, with the United States and Europe having some of the highest rates. Some types of lymphoma are linked to certain infections (described further on) that are more common in some parts of the world. Family history Having a first degree relative (parent, child, sibling) with NHL increases your risk of developing NHL.
Exposure to certain chemicals Some studies have suggested that chemicals such as benzene and certain herbicides and insecticides (weed- and insect-killing substances) may be linked to an increased risk of NHL. Research to clarify these possible links is still in progress. Some chemotherapy drugs used to treat other cancers may increase the risk of developing NHL many years later. For example, patients who have been treated for Hodgkin lymphoma have an increased risk of later developing NHL. But it’s not totally clear if this is related to the disease itself or if it is an effect of the treatment. Some studies have suggested that certain drugs used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA), such as methotrexate and the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, might increase the risk of NHL. But other studies have not found an increased risk. Determining if these drugs increase risk is complicated by the fact that people with RA, which is an autoimmune disease, already have a higher risk of NHL (see below). Radiation exposure Studies of survivors of atomic bombs and nuclear reactor accidents have shown they have an increased risk of developing several types of cancer, including NHL, leukemia, and thyroid cancer. Patients treated with radiation therapy for some other cancers, such as Hodgkin lymphoma, have a slightly increased risk of developing NHL later in life. This risk is greater for patients treated with both radiation therapy and chemotherapy.
Autoimmmune diseases Some autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE or lupus), Sjogren (Sjögren) disease, celiac disease (gluten-sensitive enteropathy), and others have been linked with an increased risk of NHL. Certain infections Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Helicobacter pylori Chlamydophila psittaci Campylobacter jejuni Hepatitis C Body Weight and Diet Some studies have suggested that being overweight or obese may increase your risk of NHL. Other studies have suggested that a diet high in fat and meats may raise your risk. More research is needed to confirm these findings. In any event, staying at a healthy weight and eating a healthy diet have many known health benefits outside of the possible effect on lymphoma risk. Breast implants It is rare, but some women with breast implants develop a type of anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) in their breast. This seems to be more likely with implants that have textured (rough) surfaces (as opposed to smooth surfaces).
Who is at highest risk for Extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma ?
Risk factor is anything that changes your chance of getting a disease like cancer. Different cancers have different risk factors. Some risk factors are modifiable and some are nonmodifiable. Having the risk factor doesn't always mean that you will get the disease but it certainly increases your chances as compared to the general population.
Risk factors for lymphoma are as under:
{{NAME}} older is a strong risk factor for lymphoma overall, with most cases occurring in people in their 60s or older. But some types of lymphoma are more common in younger people. {{NAME}}, the risk of {{ORGANIZATION}} is higher in men than in women, but there are certain types of {{ORGANIZATION}} that are more common in women. The reasons for this are not known. Race, {{ORGANIZATION}}, and {{NAME}} In the United States, whites are more likely than African Americans and Asian Americans to develop {{ORGANIZATION}}. Worldwide, {{ORGANIZATION}} is more common in developed countries, with the United States and Europe having some of the highest rates. Some types of lymphoma are linked to certain infections (described further on) that are more common in some parts of the world. Family history Having a first degree relative (parent, child, sibling) with {{ORGANIZATION}} increases your risk of developing {{ORGANIZATION}}.
Exposure to certain chemicals Some studies have suggested that chemicals such as benzene and certain herbicides and insecticides (weed- and insect-killing substances) may be linked to an increased risk of {{ORGANIZATION}}. Research to clarify these possible links is still in progress. Some chemotherapy drugs used to treat other cancers may increase the risk of developing {{ORGANIZATION}} many years later. For example, patients who have been treated for Hodgkin lymphoma have an increased risk of later developing {{ORGANIZATION}}. But it’s not totally clear if this is related to the disease itself or if it is an effect of the treatment. Some studies have suggested that certain drugs used to treat rheumatoid arthritis ({{ORGANIZATION}}), such as methotrexate and the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, might increase the risk of {{ORGANIZATION}}. But other studies have not found an increased risk. Determining if these drugs increase risk is complicated by the fact that people with {{ORGANIZATION}}, which is an autoimmune disease, already have a higher risk of {{ORGANIZATION}} (see below). Radiation exposure Studies of survivors of atomic bombs and nuclear reactor accidents have shown they have an increased risk of developing several types of cancer, including {{ORGANIZATION}}, leukemia, and thyroid cancer. Patients treated with radiation therapy for some other cancers, such as Hodgkin lymphoma, have a slightly increased risk of developing {{ORGANIZATION}} later in life. This risk is greater for patients treated with both radiation therapy and chemotherapy.
Autoimmmune diseases Some autoimmune diseases such as {{ORGANIZATION}} arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus ({{ORGANIZATION}} or lupus), Sjogren (Sjögren) disease, celiac disease (gluten-sensitive enteropathy), and others have been linked with an increased risk of {{ORGANIZATION}}. Certain infections Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Helicobacter pylori Chlamydophila psittaci Campylobacter jejuni Hepatitis C Body Weight and {{ORGANIZATION}} Some studies have suggested that being overweight or obese may increase your risk of {{ORGANIZATION}}. Other studies have suggested that a diet high in fat and meats may raise your risk. More research is needed to confirm these findings. In any event, staying at a healthy weight and eating a healthy diet have many known health benefits outside of the possible effect on lymphoma risk. Breast implants It is rare, but some women with breast implants develop a type of anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) in their breast. This seems to be more likely with implants that have textured (rough) surfaces (as opposed to smooth surfaces).