Gi alpha 1 selectively couples somatostatin receptors to adenylyl cyclase in pituitary-derived AtT-20 cells.
Somatostatin (SRIF) receptors are coupled to the catalytic subunit of adenylyl cyclase via pertussis toxin-sensitive guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins (G proteins). To identify which G proteins link SRIF receptors to adenylyl cyclase, G(o) alpha, Gi alpha, and its different subtypes were individually blocked in AtT-20 cell membranes with G alpha subtype-selective antisera. Antiserum directed against the carboxyl-terminal region of Gi alpha blocked SRIF inhibition of forskolin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity, and this effect was prevented by the peptide to which the antiserum was generated. However, antiserum directed against the carboxyl-terminal region of G(o) alpha did not affect SRIF inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity, indicating that Gi alpha couples SRIF receptors to adenylyl cyclase but G(o) alpha does not. Peptide-directed antisera against Gi alpha 1 completely blocked SRIF inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity. In contrast, antisera directed against either Gi alpha 2 or Gi alpha 3 did not affect the actions of SRIF. The results of these studies indicate that Gi alpha 1 selectively couples SRIF receptors to the catalytic subunit of adenylyl cyclase in AtT-20 cell membranes. Because previous studies have shown that SRIF receptors are able to couple to Gi alpha 1, Gi alpha 3, and G(o) alpha, the results suggest that different G proteins may specify the coupling of SRIF receptors to distinct cellular effector systems.