[Melanoma research in Hungary: promising results in a previously orphan tumor].
Melanoma research has a two decade history in Hungary and is based on three groups located at the National Institute of Oncology (NIO), the University of Debrecen (DU) and Semmelweis University (SU). Previously we have summarized the achievements of the NIO group in this Journal, now this paper summarizes the recent results of their collaborations. The research group of DU revealed several novel genetic alterations in the melanoma genome which might have clinical relevance as prognosticators or predictors in light of the novel target therapies. Data indicating unique, perhaps melanoma-specific epigenetic changes during progression might be even more important, identifying novel genes otherwise not detected as genetically altered ones. The research group in Budapest extensively used experimental human melanoma models and demonstrated the host sex as a key factor in progression due to the specific function of NK cells. Identification of functional glucocorticoid receptor in human melanoma might lead to therapeutic exploitation similar to certain leukemias. Studies on extracellular matrix revealed collagen XVII and CD44 splice variants as progression associated factors of melanoma. Since the double wild type genotype of melanoma is lacking effective therapy, data on the use of FGFR2, c-met or cannabinoid receptor as target can be important. On the other hand, experimental data on the antitumoral effects of heparin derivatives or bisphosphonate in melanoma models can also be encouraging.