Platforms reported automatically accepting many such automated requests,
in particular from “trusted” sources. As a result, some provided no human
review at all for the majority of automated notices they received (Urban et al.
2016, p. 29). Some also proactively policed content, using “measures such as ex-
ante ﬁltering systems, hash-matching based ‘staydown’ systems, [and] direct

https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108890960 Published online by Cambridge University Press

Internet Platforms and Content Moderation

227

back-end takedown privileges for trusted rightsholders” (Urban et al. 2016,
p. 29).
Social_Media_and_Democracy