Operating mechanism. To ensure effective communication, the ability to engage in natural lan-
guage interaction (§3.1.1) is paramount. After receiving the information processed by the perception
module, the brain module first turns to storage, retrieving in knowledge (§3.1.2) and recalling from
memory (§3.1.3). These outcomes aid the agent in devising plans, reasoning, and making informed
decisions (§3.1.4). Additionally, the brain module may memorize the agent’s past observations,
thoughts, and actions in the form of summaries, vectors, or other data structures. Meanwhile, it
can also update the knowledge such as common sense and domain knowledge for future use. The
LLM-based agent may also adapt to unfamiliar scenarios with its inherent generalization and transfer
ability (§3.1.5). In the subsequent sections, we delve into a detailed exploration of these extraordinary
facets of the brain module as depicted in Figure 3.

3.1.1 Natural Language Interaction
TheRiseandPotentialofLargeLanguageModel BasedAgents