• Open. One of the defining features of simulated societies lies in their openness, both in terms of
their constituent agents and their environmental components. Agents, the primary actors within such
societies, have the flexibility to enter or leave the environment without disrupting its operational
integrity [550]. Furthermore, this feature extends to the environment itself, which can be expanded
by adding or removing entities in the virtual or physical world, along with adaptable resources like
tool APIs. Additionally, humans can also participate in societies by assuming the role of an agent
or serving as the “inner voice” guiding these agents [22]. This inherent openness adds another level
of complexity to the simulation, blurring the lines between simulation and reality.
TheRiseandPotentialofLargeLanguageModel BasedAgents