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Recent studies indicate that even sham adaptive AIs can influence user performance and risk-
taking in decision-making [40, 78]. However, the cognitive mechanisms behind these effects remain
unclear. Applying the DDM could potentially shed light on the cognitive basis of the placebo effect
for adaptive AI systems. Considering previous studies Kosch et al. [40], Villa et al. [78], it appears
plausible that the decision criterion may be affected by the implementation of positive expectations
improving performance (more liberal decision-making with decreased 𝛼) and negative expectations
(enlargement of 𝛼). Consequently, users may make rapid, less accurate decisions when
aided by an adaptive AI interface, or slower, more accurate decisions when the AI system
potentially hampers their performance.
AI enhance sour performance