• Fundamental overview of LLMs. With the recent surge in the popularity
and eﬃcacy of LLMs, numerous review papers have surfaced, oﬀering insights
into various aspects of LLMs. Some concentrate on dissecting the fundamental
components of LLMs [25–27], while others delve into the historical context and
potential applications of generative AI [28–30]. A select few [31] explore strategies
for enhancing LLMs with reasoning capabilities. Nevertheless, a comprehensive
review and technical taxonomy speciﬁcally focused on the specialization of LLM
domains remains an unaddressed gap in the current literature.
Beyond Efficiency