In line with Robinson et al. [35], the socio-demographic disparities of LLM use reflect social digital inequalities in an
amplified manner.

Nonetheless, our research diverges from previous studies on the demographics of technology use. Namely, the gender
gap was most pronounced in young and middle-aged adults and was non-existent in old age. This contradicts simple

10

Gender, Age, and Technology Education Influence the Adoption and Appropriation of LLMs

Manuscript submitted to ACM, 2023,

age effects where young age correlates with being tech-savvy and quickly adopting new technologies. By investigating
self-rated expertise in our sample, we find that female participants report lower expertise levels, which potentially
further delays their adoption of LLMs. Thus, our more granular analysis of the demographic profiles revealed interaction
patterns of age and gender (H3). This presents a unique challenge to address the gender gap as early as possible.
Adoptionand AppropriationofLLMs