•  Some significant fraction of the knowledge that a robust system is likely to draw 

on is external, cultural knowledge that is symbolically represented. The great 
majority of Wikipedia, for example, is represented verbally, and a robust intelligence 
ought to be able to draw on that sort of knowledge. (Current deep learning systems 
can only do this to a greatly limited extent.) Much of that knowledge is effectively 
encoded in terms of quantified relationships between variables (e.g., for all x, y, and z, 
such that x, y, and z  are people, person x is the grandchild of person z  if there is some 
person y that is a parent of x and a child of z; for all x such that x is a species, 
organisms of species x give rise to offspring that are also of species x, etc). 

•  Some significant fraction of the knowledge that a robust system needs is likely to
The Next Decade in AI-