The examples of public broadcasting and print media highlight how France
and Germany differ with respect to the appropriate role of the state in
promoting media pluralism. France has tended to pursue a more direct,
interventionist role for the state in promoting a particular brand of media
pluralism that emphasizes French nationalist and cultural values,
from
subsidizing French newspapers to mandating that broadcasters carry French

https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108890960 Published online by Cambridge University Press

Media Regulation in the United States and Europe

205

cultural content. Germany, however, has purposefully avoided comparable
forms of direct intervention, out of concern that the state might abuse these
powers to undermine pluralism in pursuit of illiberal ends.
Social_Media_and_Democracy