resolution of complex real-world problems that one single agent cannot solve independently, ulti-
mately achieving the goal of synergistic complementarity. In current LLM-based multi-agent systems,
communication between agents predominantly employs natural language, which is considered the
most natural and human-understandable form of interaction [108]. We introduce and categorize
existing cooperative multi-agent applications into two types: disordered cooperation and ordered
cooperation.
TheRiseandPotentialofLargeLanguageModel BasedAgents