A Review of Deep Learning Techniques for Speech Processing

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5.5 Speech-to-speech translation
5.5.1 Task Description
Speech-to-text translation (ST) is the process of converting spoken language from one language
to another in text form. Traditionally, this has been achieved using a cascaded structure that
incorporates automatic speech recognition (ASR) and machine translation (MT) components.
However, a more recent end-to-end (E2E) method [15, 62, 166, 478, 522, 639, 669] has gained
popularity due to its ability to eliminate issues with error propagation and high latency associated
with cascaded methods [63, 516]. The E2E method uses an audio encoder to analyze audio signals
and a text decoder to generate translated text.
AReviewofDeepLearningTechniquesforSpeechProcessing