producers of online hate speech

While extensive research has explored organized hate groups’ use of online hate
speech, less is known about the actors in informal communities dedicated to
producing harmful content, or the accounts that produce hate speech on
mainstream platforms. Moreover, no empirical work has systematically
examined how these actors interact within and across platforms.

Organized hate groups established an online presence shortly after the
invention of the Internet (Bowman-Grieve 2009) and have proliferated over
time. More
research has

than a decade of primarily qualitative

https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108890960 Published online by Cambridge University Press

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Alexandra A. Siegel
Social_Media_and_Democracy