Exactly one year ago, the release of ChatGPT by OpenAI took the AI community and the broader
world by storm. For the first time, an application-based AI chatbot could generally provide helpful,
safe and detailed answers to most questions, follow instructions, and even admit and fix its previous
mistakes. Notably, it can perform these natural language tasks which were traditionally done by
pre-trained then tailored fine-tuned language models such as summarization or question-answering
(QA), seemingly amazingly well. As a first of its kind, ChatGPT has attracted the general public – it
reached 100 million users within just two months of its launch, way faster than other popular apps
like TikTok or YouTube.1 It has also attracted huge business investments, for its potential to cut down
labor cost, automate workflows and even bring new experiences to customers (Cheng et al., 2023).
However, since ChatGPT is not open-sourced and its access is controlled by a private company, most
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