agency.” In contrast, there are also researchers who believe that, in certain circumstances, employing
the intentional stance (that is, interpreting agent behavior in terms of intentions) can provide a better
description, explanation and abstraction of the actions of artificial agents, much like it is done for
humans [11; 37; 38].
With the advancement of language models, the potential emergence of artificial intentional agents
appears more promising [24; 25; 39; 40; 41]. In a rigorous sense, language models merely function
as conditional probability models, using input to predict the next token [42]. Different from this,
humans incorporate social and perceptual context, and speak according to their mental states [43;
44]. Consequently, some researchers argue that the current paradigm of language modeling is not
compatible with the intentional actions of an agent [30; 45]. However, there are also researchers
TheRiseandPotentialofLargeLanguageModel BasedAgents