5.1 Promoting Equity in LLM Adoption
In a representative sample of the US population, we found a substantial gender gap (H1) and age effect (H2) for LLM
use. Female gender and old age were related to a decreased likelihood of having used LLMs. Our findings align with
similar trends of other disruptive digital technologies such as the world wide web [35] or immersive technologies [10].

9

Manuscript submitted to ACM, 2023,

Draxler et al.

Table 4. LDA topic modeling of open-ended responses from non-users for the question What are your reasons for not using large
language models? We merged Topics 2 and 4 because the examples were very similar.

Topic
No need

Representative tokens
ai, learn, people, world, busy, issues, daily
life, aware, plagiarism, application, ideas

Lack of
knowledge

Prefer
own/human
writing

Human touch

Plagiarism &
trust

Intellect

Cheating &
lack of
creativity

Privacy &
accuracy
concerns

Values &
abuse
Adoptionand AppropriationofLLMs