A key weakness, as Yoshua Bengio put it in a recent article (Bengio et al., 2019), is that 

Current machine learning methods seem weak when they are required to generalize 
beyond the training distribution, which is what is often needed in practice.  

What can we do to take AI to the next level? 

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In my view, we have no hope of achieving robust intelligence without first developing 
systems with what Ernie Davis and I have called deep understanding, which would 
involve an ability not only to correlate and discern subtle patterns in complex data sets, 
but also the capacity to look at any scenario and address questions such as a journalist 
might ask: who, what, where, why, when, and how.
The Next Decade in AI-