In the past two years, a growing number of governments have pushed for
platform companies
to create publicly accessibly archives of political
advertisements, with legislation relating to ad archiving being passed in
France and Canada and being proposed and debated in the United Kingdom
and the United States (Leerssen et al. 2019; McFaul 2019). The European
Commission’s Code of Practice on Disinformation includes a voluntary
commitment from ﬁrms to develop systems for disclosing issue ads and
recommends
speciﬁc mechanisms
(Kuczerawy 2020). Ad archiving appears to be an important new frontier for
transparency and disclosure, but major questions around the scope and
implementation of its implementation remain (Leerssen et al. 2019).

transparency without

articulating

Third-Party “Audits” and Investigations

conducted multiple key investigations
Social_Media_and_Democracy