Publication Bias Van Miltenburg et al. (2021)
say that, to them, the main advantage of registered
reports is that they provide a means to avoid publi-
cation bias. Because studies are evaluated prior to
the results, negative results have the same chance

2Short-hand for “hypothesizing after the results are
known”. Often conﬂated with ﬁshing, but the two differ: Hark-
ing ﬁxes the experiment, varies the hypothesis, so to speak,
whereas ﬁshing ﬁxes the hypothesis, varies the experiment.
The acronym was coined by social psychologist Norbert Kerr.
A Two-Sided Discussion of Preregistration of NLP Research