Participants read an introductory text explaining the AI system and apparatus (see Figure 3).
Depending on the Description assignment, the text included a positive or negative verbal descrip-
tion (Section 4.3) before interacting with the sham-AI. This was followed by a survey asking for
information on the system being evaluated, see Villa et al. [78].

Before the task, participants completed 50 practice trials with visual feedback labeled as cali-
bration. We then assessed their performance expectations with and without AI. Participants then
performed the task in either the sham-AI or no-AI condition, based on group assignment. Task
load was evaluated post-condition using TLX [29]. After both conditions, the AI system was further
assessed (Section 4.1.2). Participants were then debriefed, re-consented, and their belief in the
manipulation checked (Section 5.1) before thanking and compensating them.

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Kloft et al.
AI enhance sour performance