7 47 U.S.C. § 230(a).

6 Id.
8 For a general review of leading cases in this space, see Goldman (2017).
9 Zeran v. American Online, Inc., 129 F.3d 32 (4th Cir. 1997).
10 Batzel v. Smith, 333 F.3d 1018 (9th Cir. 2003).
11 Barrett v. Rosenthal, 9 Cal.Rptr.3d 142 (Cal. Ct. App. 2004).
12 Doe v. MySpace, Inc. 528 F.3d 413 (5th Cir. 2008).
13 Barnes v. Yahoo!, 570 F.3d 1096 (9th Cir. 2009).

14 Id. at 1102.

https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108890960 Published online by Cambridge University Press

Amendment of Section 230

261

Together, these decisions have established CDA 230 as a broad shield for
online intermediaries and inﬂuence the scope of available legal options in
combating disinformation.
Social_Media_and_Democracy