spreading misinformation is valuable,

even if

for

For the purposes of this chapter, we consider “misinformation” an umbrella
term under which many associated concepts are subsumed. Moving forward,
we recommend misinformation as the default term to use, unless explicitly
referring to one of these more speciﬁc constructs. Given the difﬁculty of
proving the motivations underlying the spread of false information, we adopt
an intent-agnostic approach; we make no assumptions about what compels
individuals or groups to broadcast misinformation. Instead, we take the view
that misinformation – in all of its forms – may have a considerable, harmful
impact on people’s beliefs and behavior. As such, in the discussion that follows,
we cite examples of corrective strategies targeted at all different types of
misinformation.

responses to corrections: continued inﬂuence
and backﬁre effects
Social_Media_and_Democracy