7 Conclusion and Future Research Directions
The rapid advancements in deep learning techniques have revolutionized speech processing tasks,
enabling significant progress in speech recognition, speaker recognition, and speech synthesis.
This paper provides a comprehensive review of the latest developments in deep learning techniques
for speech-processing tasks. We begin by examining the early developments in speech processing,
including representation learning and HMM-based modeling, before presenting a concise summary
of fundamental deep learning techniques and their applications in speech processing. Furthermore,
we discuss key speech-processing tasks, highlight the datasets used in these tasks, and present the
latest and most relevant research works utilizing deep learning techniques.

We envisage several lines of development in speech processing:

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