Each of these concerns was central in classical AI. John McCarthy, for example, noted 
the value of commonsense knowledge in his pioneering paper "Programs with 
Common Sense" [McCarthy 1959]; Doug Lenat has made the representation of common-
sense knowledge in machine-interpretable form his life's work (Lenat, Prakash, & 
Shepherd, 1985; Lenat, 2019). The classical AI "blocks world" system SHRLDU, 
designed by Terry Winograd (mentor to Google founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin) 
revolved around an internal, updatable cognitive model of the world, that represented 
the software's understanding of the locations and properties of a set of stacked physical 
objects (Winograd, 1971). SHRLDU then reasoned over those cognitive models, in order 
to make inferences about the state of the blocks world as it evolved over time.2
The Next Decade in AI-