1 INTRODUCTION
Understanding the essence of intelligence and establishing whether a machine embodies it poses a
compelling question for scientists. It is generally agreed upon that authentic intelligence equips us
with reasoning capabilities, enables us to test hypotheses, and prepares for future eventualities [85].
In particular, Artificial Intelligence (AI) researchers focus on the development of machine-based in-
telligence, as opposed to biologically based intellect [127]. Proper measurement helps to understand
intelligence. For instance, measures for general intelligence in human individuals often encompass
IQ tests [10].
ASurveyonEvaluationofLargeLanguageModels