Generative QA Fan et al. [46], Krishna et al. [88], Li et al. [102]

Nakano et al. [133], Su et al. [172]
Liu et al. [114], Tian et al. [184], Wang et al. [195, 199], Xu et al. [216]
Filippova [50], Rebuffel et al. [154], Su et al. [174], Xiao and Wang [211]
Puduppully and Lapata [148]
Feng et al. [49], Lee et al. [95], Weng et al. [205]
Li et al. [107], Raunak et al. [153], Wang and Sennrich [193]
Bengio et al. [9], Zhou et al. [237]
Goyal et al. [62], Xu et al. [215]
Dai et al. [28], Xiao and Wang [211]

Data2Text

Translation

Captioning

Table 2. Evaluation metrics and mitigation methods for each task. *The hallucination metrics are not specifi-
cally proposed for generative question answering (GQA), but they can be adapted for that task.
SurveyofHallucinationinNatural Language Generation