the context of the “collective unconscious” comparison, one could say that it is yet unclear how 
to conduct the “shadow work” - in other words, how to confront the repressed, hidden, harmful, 
violent, problematic aspects of data encoded and propagated through those models.  
 
So how do Stable Diffusion and DALL·E 2 differ in the way they deal with the “dark side” of 
things?  And how does that influence the way they encode and impact culture?  Elaborating on 
the  problematic  aspects  of  large  language  models  as  “stochastic  parrots”  that  propagate 
dominant  worldviews  and  biases  [8],  Underwood  outlined  the  importance  of  approaching 
large-scale pretrained models as models of culture [9]. He suggests that while the goal of AI 
researchers is often directed towards modeling general intelligence, for historians and artists 
the  value  of  such  models  lies  in  their  cultural  specificity.  The  potential  to  use  large  vision-
The Myth of Culturally Agnostic AI Models