### Instruction:
Four diagonals of a regular octagon with side length 2 intersect as shown.  Find the area of the shaded region. [asy]
pair A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H;
real x = 22.5;
pair A = dir(x);
pair B = dir(45+x);
pair C = dir(45*2+x);
pair D = dir(45*3+x);
pair E = dir(45*4+x);
pair F = dir(45*5+x);
pair G = dir(45*6+x);
pair H = dir(45*7+x);
draw(A--B--C--D--E--F--G--H--cycle);

draw(A--D--G);
draw(C--H--E);
pair Q = intersectionpoint(A--D,C--H);
pair R = intersectionpoint(H--E,D--G);
filldraw(D--Q--H--R--cycle,heavycyan);
[/asy]

### Response:

Label the points as shown below: [asy]
pair A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H;
real x = 22.5;
pair A = dir(x);
pair B = dir(45+x);
pair C = dir(45*2+x);
pair D = dir(45*3+x);
pair E = dir(45*4+x);
pair F = dir(45*5+x);
pair G = dir(45*6+x);
pair H = dir(45*7+x);
draw(A--B--C--D--E--F--G--H--cycle);
label("$A$", A, NE);
label("$B$", B, N);
label("$C$", C, N);
label("$D$", D, NW);
label("$E$", E, SW);
label("$F$", F, S);
label("$G$", G, S);
label("$H$", H, SE);
draw(A--D--G);
draw(C--H--E);
pair Q = intersectionpoint(A--D,C--H);
label("$Q$",Q,NE);
pair R = intersectionpoint(H--E,D--G);
label("$R$",R,NE);
[/asy] We can find the area of $DQHR$ by finding the length of the height and base.  The length of the height is equal to the side length of the octagon, which is 2.  To find the length of base $RH$, we notice that $RH=EH-ER$.  Because of the parallel lines, $ERGF$ is a parallelogram, and thus $ER=FG=2$.

[asy]
draw((0,0)--(2,0)--(2+sqrt(2),sqrt(2))--(2,sqrt(2))--(0,sqrt(2))--(-sqrt(2),sqrt(2))--cycle);
draw((0,0)--(0,sqrt(2)),dashed); draw((2,0)--(2,sqrt(2)),dashed);
label("$F$",(0,0) ,SW ); label("$G$", (2,0), SE); label("$H$",(2+sqrt(2),sqrt(2)) ,NE ); label("$N$",(2,sqrt(2)) ,N ); label("$M$", (0,sqrt(2)),N ); label("$E$",(-sqrt(2),sqrt(2)) ,NW );

[/asy]

To find $EH$, we drop two perpendiculars from $F$ and $G$ to $EH$, creating two isosceles right triangles $\triangle EMF$ and $\triangle HNG$, and one rectangle $MNGF$.  Since we have $EF=FG=GH=2$, we have $MN=2$ as well.  Also, we have $EM=NH=2/\sqrt{2}=\sqrt{2}$.  Thus, $EH=\sqrt{2}+2+\sqrt{2}=2+2\sqrt{2}$.

Finally, we have $RH=EH-ER = 2+2\sqrt{2}-2=2\sqrt{2}$.  The area of parallelogram $DQRH$ is thus $(2\sqrt{2})(2) = 4\sqrt{2}$.