Anglo/Dutch Royal Dutch Shell, Total, of France, and Spain's Repsol were all named as examples of established oil companies involved in the oil-for-food programme before surcharges began in 2001.
Surcharges began in the year after 2000.
Surcharges began in 2001. The system was confused by the year.
( z1 begin :ARG1 ( z2 recession ) :time ( z3 after :op ( z4 date-entity :year 2000 ) :quant ( z5 year ) ) )