<p>This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</p> <p>The liver is morphologically and functionally modulated by sex hormones. Long-term use of oral
contraceptives and androgenic steroids can induce benign and malignant hepatocellular tumors.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is more prevalent in men than in women. The role of sex hormones
and their receptors in the development of HCC was reviewed. Some HCCs may be androgen dependent
but others may be estrogen or even both dependent. Further studies are mandatory in order to utilize
such characteristics of HCC for an effective prophylaxis and therapy of this tumor.</p>
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HPB Surg. 1992; 6(1):1-6