THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTROL
33SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
OBJECTIVES MANAGEMENT ACTIONS TERRESTRIAL AND CLOSED 
WATER SYSTEMS
MARINE AND CONNECTED 
WATER SYSTEMS
Current availabilityEase of useEffectivenessCurrentavailabilityEase of useEffectiveness
Prevention and 
preparedness
Horizon scanning
Import controls and border 
biosecurity
Pathway management
Risk analysis
Early detection Surveillance
Diagnostics
Eradication Physical eradicationa
Chemical eradicationa
Adaptive management
Containment 
and control
Physical controla
Chemical controla
Biological controla
Adaptive management
Ecosystem 
restoration Adaptive management
Public 
understanding Public engagement
Column values
High Medium Low
Hashed boxes indicate a low level
of confidence in the assessment
Crossed boxes indicate no data was
available to perform an assessment
Table SPM 1 Objectives and actions for managing biological invasions. 
Objectives and actions for managing biological invasions within terrestrial and closed water systems or marine and connected 
water systems and the level (high, medium, low) of their (a) current availability (availability of target-specific tools for implementing 
management); (b) ease of use (ease of implementation or specialist or technological expertise to implement); and (c) effectiveness 
(likely long-term efficacy and outcomes of implementation). Hashed boxes indicate responses with a low level of confidence 
and crossed boxes indicate there was no data available to perform an assessment. Actions are aligned with Figure SPM.6 and 
encompass pathway management, species-, site- and ecosystem-based management targets. All management approaches may 
have non-target impacts, as indicated by superscript a.
SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND
6 Conceptual diagram of management-invasion contin