In the native range of Mikania micrantha, a rust fungus (Puccinia 
spegazzinii) specific to this invasive alien plant causes necrosis of 
leaves and cankers on the stem and petioles {Box 5.21}. Starting 
in 2006, Puccinia spegazzinii was introduced as a classical 
biological control agent and established in five countries in the 
Asia-Pacific region, where it has provided effective control of 
Mikania micrantha {Box 5.21}. However, in India the rust fungus 
failed to survive in the field following introduction {Box 5.21}.
35SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND
Box SPM 3 Classical biological control of Mikania micrantha (bitter vine): an example of 
effective suppression of a widespread invasive alien species.