and oceanic storm waves (established but incomplete)
{3.3.4.3}. Additionally, invasive alien plants, especially trees 
and grasses, can sometimes be highly flammable and 
therefore promote more intense and frequent fire regimes, 
causing increased risks to nature and people and increased 
carbon release into the atmosphere (well established) {Box 
1.4}. Climate change is also predicted to enhance the 
competitive ability of some invasive alien species and to 
extend areas suitable for them thus offering new 
opportunities for introductions and establishment 
(established but incomplete) {3.3.4}. Invasive alien species 
can facilitate the establishment and spread of other invasive 
alien species, resulting in positive feedback that increases 
impacts through a process known as "invasional meltdown" 
(well established) {3.3.5.1}. Biodiversity loss can reduce the 
resilience of ecosystems to invasive alien species, with 
29SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND
Box SPM 2 The International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' 
Ballast Water and Sediments: an example of international collaboration to 
prevent biological invasions.