Objectives and actions for managing biological invasions within terrestrial and closed water systems or marine and connected 
water systems and the level (high, medium, low) of their (a) current availability (availability of target-specific tools for implementing 
management); (b) ease of use (ease of implementation or specialist or technological expertise to implement); and (c) effectiveness 
(likely long-term efficacy and outcomes of implementation). Hashed boxes indicate responses with a low level of confidence 
and crossed boxes indicate there was no data available to perform an assessment. Actions are aligned with Figure SPM.6 and 
encompass pathway management, species-, site- and ecosystem-based management targets. All management approaches may 
have non-target impacts, as indicated by superscript a.
 <Section-header> Table SPM 1 Objectives and actions for managing biological invasions.  </Section-header> 

THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTROL
19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND
Table SPM 1 Objectives and actions for managing biological invasions. 