Classical biological control uses host-specific natural enemies 
(biological control agents) of invasive alien species (target) to 
suppress and control such species. Mikania micrantha (bitter 
vine), a native species of Central and South America, is one of 
the highest-impact fast-growing {2.5.2.1} invasive alien plants 
within the agricultural systems and natural and planted forests 
of the Asia-Pacific region {Box 5.21}, affecting the livelihoods of 
farmers and rural communities, including women {4.5.1, 4.6.1}. 
35SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND
Box SPM 3 Classical biological control of Mikania micrantha (bitter vine): an example of 
effective suppression of a widespread invasive alien species.