THE THEMATIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTROL
37SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
and social outcomes, particularly when resources are limited 
(well established) {5.2.1, 6.5.1}. Societal support is 
important for eradication and control of some invasive alien 
species, particularly vertebrates, for which there are ethical 
considerations {5.3.1.4, 5.4.3.2, 5.6.2.1}. A lack of 
stakeholder participation in adaptive management can lead 
to negative consequences for good quality of life, especially 
for Indigenous Peoples and local communities who have 
adapted by using invasive alien species, that include loss of 
livelihoods, marginalization and/or gender inequity (well 
established) {Box 4.18, 5.2.1, 5.4.3.3.a, 5.5.3, 5.6.1.2, 
6.4.1}. The involvement of all stakeholders can be achieved 
by using an adaptive co-management approach to the 
process, from decision-making to the implementation of 
management actions (well established) {5.4.3.3.a, 5.6.2.5}. 
Adaptive co-management includes capacity-building; 
co-creation, co-design, co-development and coimplementation; social learning; and broad partnerships 
(established but incomplete) {5.7, 6.4.2, 6.4.3.2, 6.4.4}. 
Collaboratively addressing the management of biological 
invasions around which there are conflicting values among 
different sectors, stakeholders and Indigenous Peoples and 
local communities is a significant global policy challenge 
(well established) {5.6.1.2}.
C24 The knowledge, practices, values and 
customary governance systems of Indigenous 
Peoples and local communities can improve 
management outcomes (established but 
incomplete) {5.2.1, 5.5.2, 5.5.4, 5.5.5, 5.6.1.2, 
6.4.3}. Many communities successfully manage invasive 
alien species on their lands (established but incomplete)
{Box 5.6, 5.5.2, 5.5.4, 5.5.5}, leading to increases in 
nature's contributions to people (Box SPM.4) (established 
but incomplete) {5.5.4, 5.5.5}. Consultation with 
Indigenous Peoples and local communities, through their 
free, prior and informed consent, by applying co-design 
principles for decision-making and actions helps to ensure 
efficacy of management outcomes at the local level 
(established but incomplete) {5.2.1, 6.4.3}. Co-delivered 
biocultural management plans based on shared scientific, 
technical and Indigenous and local knowledge systems 
have assisted surveillance and detection, eradication, 
containment and control of invasive alien species 
(established but incomplete) {5.5.3, 5.6.1.2, 6.4.3.2}. Such 
co-governance structures improve quality of life for 
Indigenous Peoples and local communities (established 
but incomplete) {6.4.3}.
D. Ambitious progress to manage biological invasions can 
be achieved with integrated governance
D25 Management of biological invasions and 
prevention and control of invasive alien species 
can be achieved through a context-specific 
integrated governance approach with a set of 
complementary strategic actions (Figure SPM.7) 
(established but incomplete) {6.2.3, 6.7.1, 6.7.2, 
6.7.3}. Integrated governance for biological invasions 
consists of establishing the relationships between the roles 
of actors, institutions and instruments. This involves all those 
elements of the interactions between people and nature that 
act on biological invasion and their management, in order to 
identify the strategic interventions needed to improve 
outcomes of prevention and control of invasive alien species 
{Box 6.5}. A context-specific integrated governance 
approach provides flexibility for countries to identify which 
strategic actions should be prioritized and can help in 
managing trade-offs and policy conflicts and in avoiding 
unintended policy consequences and inefficient expenditure 
(established but incomplete) {6.2.3, 6.7.1}. Strategic actions 
to prevent the introduction and impact of invasive alien 
species include:
1. Enhance coordination and collaboration across 
international and regional mechanisms (established but 
incomplete) {6.2.3.4, 6.7.2.1};
2. Develop and adopt effective and achievable national 
implementation strategies (well established) {6.2.3.2, 
6.3.3.1, 6.7.2.3};
3. Share efforts and commitments and understanding 
of the specific roles of all actors (established but 
incomplete) {6.7.2.5};
4. Improve policy coherence (well established) {6.3.1.1, 
6.3.2, 6.3.3.1, 6.7.2.2};
5. Engage broadly across governmental sectors, industry, 
the scientific community, Indigenous Peoples and local 
communities and the wider public (established but 
incomplete) {6.4.2, 6.4.3, 6.7.2.4};
6. Support, fund and mobilize resources for innovation, 
research and environmentally sound technology 
(established but incomplete) {6.3.3.4, 6.7.2.7};
7. Support information systems, infrastructures and data 
sharing (established but incomplete) {6.6.2.3, 6.7.2.6}.
Effective implementation, robustness of relevant institutions, 
responsiveness and equitability are key properties of 
37SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND
Box SPM 4 Working for Water programme: an example of management of invasive alien 
species leading to recovery of nature's contributions to people.