KM-C5 The recovery of ecosystem functions 
and nature's contributions to people can be 
achieved through adaptive management, including 
ecosystem restoration in terrestrial and closed 
water systems {C21}. Management outcomes can be 
improved by the integration of site- and/or ecosystembased management options that enhance ecosystem 
function and resilience. Frequent long-term monitoring 
of sites ensures early detection of invasive alien species, 
including re-invasions, and can inform further management 
actions. In marine and connected water systems, 
ecosystem restoration has so far proved to be largely 
ineffective. Adaptive management, possibly combining 
multiple options, will improve management of biological 
invasions under ongoing climate and land-use change. 
Integrating site and/or ecosystem-based approaches can 
improve management outcomes of biological invasions and 
also enhance ecosystem functioning under ongoing climate 
and land-use change.
SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
The thematic assessment report on
INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
AND THEIR CONTROL
TIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONT