These estimates are summarized across ecosystems and terrestrial biomes at the global scale. Drivers are classified according to the 
IPBES conceptual framework as direct or indirect drivers {3.1.3, Table 3.1}. Additionally, other drivers are included, namely biodiversity 
loss and natural drivers, as they can increase native ecosystem vulnerability or in other ways facilitate biological invasions {3.1.3}. 
Note that the role of invasive alien species as a driver refers to their role in facilitating other invasive alien species {3.3.5} and that 
this analysis focuses on the unintended consequences of policies, governance, institutions and technologies in facilitating biological 
invasions {3.2.4, 3.2.5}. The relative importance of drivers for each stage of the biological invasion process accounts for multiple, 
0SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND
TIC ASSESSMENT REPORT ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND THEIR CONTRO