Illustrative examples of the impacts of invasive alien species on native species (red; left column), on the economy (blue; centre column) 
and on good quality of life (yellow; right column). The top row illustrates the documented numbers of global and local extinctions of 
native species to which invasive alien species have contributed (left); the rate of increase in the economic cost of biological invasions 
per decade (centre); and the percentage of cases where the impact of invasive alien species on good quality of life is reported as 
negative (right). The map in the centre row shows the documented cumulative economic cost of invasive alien species per IPBES 
23SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND
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