D31 Open and interoperable information systems, 
supported by international cooperation, play a 
critical role in tackling biological invasions 
(established but incomplete) {6.2.3.1(3), 6.6.2.2, 
6.7.2.6}. Strengthening existing open information systems 
can facilitate the management of biological invasions, 
including prioritization of actions, early detection and rapid 
response, and can improve the effectiveness of regulations 
(established but incomplete) {5.4.1, 6.6.2.3}. Open 
information systems can substantially reduce the costs of 
41SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND
Table SPM 2 Options for strengthening the governance of biological invasions at national, 
regional and global scales. 