transport of invasive alien species along trade supply chains 
(e.g., in shipping containers) may be poorly managed and 
consequently may constitute a biosecurity risk (well 
established) {5.6.2.2}. There are many reasons for the 
limited adoption, implementation and efficacy of policy 
instruments, including varying capacity and resources 
across regions (well established) {6.2.2(7), 5.6.2.2} and lack 
of coordination, with unclear roles and responsibilities 
among government agencies, stakeholders and Indigenous 
Peoples and local communities (well established) {6.2.2(3), 
6.2.2(7), 6.2.3, 6.7.2.5}. Nearly half of all countries (45 per 
cent) do not invest in management of biological invasions 
(Sustainable Development Goal indicator 15.8.1) 
(established but incomplete) {6.1.3}. Lack of awareness of 
the need for collective and coordinated responses can also 
hinder implementation {6.1.1, 6.2.2(9)}.
SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND
B. Globally, invasive alien species and their impacts are 
increasing rapidly and are predicted to continue rising in 
the future