although there are examples of successful eradication of 
invasive alien plant species with limited distributions (well 
established) {5.5.3}. Also, rapid response to incursions, 
detected early, of some invertebrates have been successful, 
for example, eradication of Solenopsis invicta (red imported 
fire ant) in New Zealand (well established) {Box 5.14}. There 
are examples of larger-scale eradications, such as Ondatra 
zibethicus (muskrat) and Myocastor coypus (coypu) from the 
United Kingdom (well established) {5.5.3}. However, 
large-scale eradications are difficult and unlikely to be 
feasible in many cases (well established) {5.5.3}. In addition 
to the extent of the area invaded, the success of eradication 
programmes depends on the support and engagement of 
relevant stakeholders and Indigenous Peoples and local 
communities (well established) {5.4.2.2.a, 5.5.3, 5.6.2.1, 
5.6.2.2}. Eradication programmes are aided by a rapid flow 
of information on the extent and location of invasive alien 
species, which can be provided by people who live nearby 
(well established) {5.4.2.2.a, 5.5.3}. Evidence suggests that 
there have been no fully successful eradication programmes 
for established invasive alien species in marine ecosystems 
(well established) {5.5.3}. While eradication programmes can 
only be achieved with access to upfront cost, they are 
generally cheaper than long-term and permanent control 
cost and impacts (well established) {5.5.3}.
35SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND
Table SPM 1 Objectives and actions for managing biological invasions. 