ecosystem-based management and restoration (established 
but incomplete) {5.4}. Multi-stakeholder engagement, 
including risk communication and context-specific 
application of approaches through local communities, can 
improve public acceptability and adoption of new tools and 
technologies for managing biological invasions and the 
control of invasive alien species (well established) {5.2.1, 
5.4.3, 5.6.2.1, 6.4.1}. Potential benefits and risks of novel 
technologies can be assessed using a risk assessment and 
risk management framework in line with a precautionary 
approach, as appropriate (well established) {5.4.3.2.f}. Using 
this framework in consultation with regulators, stakeholders 
and Indigenous Peoples and local communities can limit the 
potential for unintended consequences (well established)
{5.4.3.2}. However, most countries do not have the 
regulatory frameworks and/or technical capabilities needed 
to guide and support development and implementation of 
new tools and technologies (established but incomplete)
{5.4.3.2, 6.3.3.4}. Access to modern tools and technologies 
and the ability to utilize them can be limited, particularly in 
developing countries, meaning greater capacity-building is 
required and improved technical and scientific cooperation 
(well established) {5.6.2.4, 6.7.2.7}.
SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
19SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS
BACKGROUND
Box SPM 4 Working for Water programme: an example of management of invasive alien 
species leading to recovery of nature's contributions to people.