how many attacks were of the same type as that which occurred on december 13, 1985?
8
col : victim(s) | age | gender | date | type of attack | location | details | source(s) row 1 : daughter of a frontiersman named "baker" | 18 | ♀ | summer, 1881 | defending cows | northwestern colorado, usa | encountered a wolf resting on a hill while on | george bird grinnell row 2 : david tobuk | toddler | ♂ | 1900 | predatory | koyukuk river, alaska, usa | in the 1920s, tobuk was a native alaskan steam |  row 3 : diamond jenness, arctic explorer |  | ♂ | 1915, february 10 | agonistic | coppermine river, northwest territories, canada | early in the morning, a female wolf entered the camp of an |  row 4 : zacarias hugo | 14 | ♂ | 1943 | possibly rabid | etivluk river, alaska, usa | while hunting caribou, zacarias heard a sound, |  row 5 : thomas hamilton |  | ♂ | 1950 | prey-testing agonistic charge | lower foster lake, saskatchewan, canada | while out hunting wolves, he laid down to aim his rifle, |  row 6 : alex lamont |  | ♂ | summer, 1969 | prey-testing agonistic charge | near wien lake, alaska, usa | lamont saw two wolves running directly at him while walking home. he |  row 7 : pipeline workers |  | ♂ | 1971-1979 |  | along the right-of-way for the trans-alaska pipe | there were ten "bites and charges", including a seriously |  row 8 : infant | 1 | ♀ | fall, 1975 | captive | new jersey | while posing for picture with the wolf at a charity event | field and stream row 9 : david lawrence | 7 | ♂ | 1976, summer | prey-testing agonistic charge | salcha river, alaska, usa | while his father, roy lawrence, stood near the plane talking to the pilot |  row 10 : hunter | 19 | ♂ | january, 1982 | predatory | near duluth, mn, usa | attacked unseen out of thick cover. knocked down |  row 11 : biologist |  | ♂ | 1984 | prey-testing agonistic charge | 185 km southeast of churchill, manitoba, canada | the wolf ran directly at three biologists, ears up, straight- |  row 12 : christopher nimitz | 2 | ♂ | october 18, 1985 | captive | idyllwild, california, usa | his family's captive wolf pulled his arm into the cage and severe | los angeles times row 13 : robert mulders, biologist |  | ♂ | december 13, 1985 | prey-testing agonistic | whale cove, nunavut, canada | two biologists netted a caribou from a helicopter and |  row 14 : park visitors |  |  | 1987-1998 |  | algonquin provincial park, ontario, canada | all incidents were proceeded by extensive habituation. at first, |  row 15 : tabitha mullin |  | ♀ | june, 1995 | agonistic | ellsmere island, nunavut, canada | a wildlife biologist, mullin was standing about five paces outside her |  row 16 : andy greenblat, bush pilot |  | ♂ | 1997 | prey-testing agonistic charge | joshua green river alaska, usa | greenblat was walking back to camp on a well-worn trail |  row 17 : park visitor |  | ♂ | june, 1999 | agonistic | vargas island provincial park, british columbia, canada | at about 2am, a wolf began dragging a sleeping |  row 18 : john stenglein, logging camp resident | 6 | ♂ | 2000, april 26, | predatory | icy bay, alaska, usa | john and an older boy were playing near the edge of a logging |  row 19 : noah graham, camper | 16 | ♂ | 2013, august 24, 4:30am |  | near lake winnibigoshish, minnesota, usa | awake and talking to his girlfriend when attacked from behind, biting |
how many attacks were of the same type as that which occurred on december 13, 1985?
Victim(s) Age Gender Date Type of attack Location Details Source(s)
Daughter of a frontiersman named "Baker" 18 ♀ Summer, 1881 Defending cows Northwestern Colorado, USA Encountered a wolf resting on a hill while on her way to bring in cows at dusk. The animal attacked her after she shouted and threw rocks to scare it away. It seized her by the shoulder, threw her to the ground, and badly bit her arms and legs before being shot by her brother. George Bird Grinnell
David Tobuk Toddler ♂ 1900 Predatory Koyukuk River, Alaska, USA In the 1920s, Tobuk was a Native Alaskan steamboat captain who bore severe scarring as a result of a wolf attack he had suffered as a toddler. He was playing along the riverbank when a wolf appeared out of some bushes, seized Tobuk by the head, lifted and ran off with him in its jaws, but was shot by a nearby man.
Diamond Jenness, Arctic explorer ♂ 1915, February 10 Agonistic Coppermine River, Northwest Territories, Canada Early in the morning, a female wolf entered the camp of an Arctic expedition and began fighting with the tethered sled dogs. Five men came out and tried to drive it away. The wolf charged at Diamond Jenness after he threw a rock and missed. Jenness grabbed the wolf by the back of the neck, but the wolf turned its head enough to severely bite his forearm. He choked the wolf with his other hand; it released, stepped back, and was shot by another man. The wound was treated and eventually fully healed, but Jenness never contracted rabies despite consistency of the wolf’s behavior with the early stages of the disease.
Mike Dusiac, Railwayman ♂ December 29, 1942 Possibly rabid Poulin, Ontario, Canada Riding a small rail vehicle called a speeder when a wolf leaped at him and bit his sleeve, knocking him down and knocking the vehicle off the track. Dusiac kept the wolf at bay for more than 25 minutes with an ax. He managed to hit the wolf repeatedly but not squarely enough. The wolf was not deterred by an approaching train which stopped to help Dusiac. Several railwaymen came running, but the wolf would not retreat. The men killed the wolf with picks and shovels. The carcass was inspected by a biologist, and it appeared healthy. However, Rutter and Pimlot reviewed the case in 1968 and concluded that it must have been rabid because of the sustained and determined nature of the attack.
Zacarias Hugo 14 ♂ 1943 Possibly rabid Etivluk River, Alaska, USA While hunting caribou, Zacarias heard a sound, turned and saw a large black wolf coming for him. It knocked him down and bit his arm, so he could not use his rifle. It bit his legs, back, arm and neck and dragged him 18 metres before abandoning the attack and disappearing. He walked back to camp, but had lost a lot of blood, mostly from his forearm. His caribou skin Anorak protected him from greater injury or even death, but may have contributed to the attack if it caused the wolf to mistake him for a caribou. This attack had long been classified as "rabid" because it occurred during an epizootic of the disease in that area and because Zac's father, Inualuruk, tracked the wolf and observed to have been walking at times in the splayed manner of a sick animal. However, neither the fact that the attack was abandoned in the way it was, nor the fact that Zacarias never developed the disease is not consistent with rabies.
Thomas Hamilton ♂ 1950 Prey-testing agonistic charge Lower Foster Lake, Saskatchewan, Canada While out hunting wolves, he laid down to aim his rifle, when the wolves arose and started running at him. He waited for a better shot, expecting the wolves to stop, but they did not. He shot the lead wolf at point blank range, prompting the rest to depart.
Alex Lamont ♂ Summer, 1969 Prey-testing agonistic charge Near Wien Lake, Alaska, USA Lamont saw two wolves running directly at him while walking home. He shot both after one of them bit his leg.
Pipeline workers ♂ 1971-1979 Along the right-of-way for the Trans-Alaska Pipeline, from Prudhoe Bay to Valdez, Alaska, USA There were ten "bites and charges", including a seriously bitten forearm. Causes included: a lack of trapping and hunting in certain areas; lack of barriers such as fencing, unsecured attractants such as trash, human attitudes and behaviors such as intentional feeding, and mutual habituation.
Infant 1 ♀ Fall, 1975 Captive New Jersey While posing for picture with the wolf at a charity event for the Fund for Animals; it bit the side of her face ripping it open. She was hospitalized and given plastic surgery. Field and Stream
Dr. Bob Piorkowski, Alaska Fish and Game, and his wife ♂/♀ October, 1975 Prey-testing agonistic charge Tonzona River, Alaska, USA, near Denali National Park Went outside their remote house near Denali National Park to see why their dog was barking, hoping it was a moose they could hunt. Five wolves came running straight at them, not at the dog, which was more than five meters away. Piorkowski was not ready to fire until the lead wolf was at point-blank range. He shot the next at ten meters away. Both wolves were dead, and the rest fled. Both wolves tested negative for rabies, and Piorkowski had one pelt mounted. p. 17
David Lawrence 7 ♂ 1976, Summer Prey-testing agonistic charge Salcha River, Alaska, USA While his father, Roy Lawrence, stood near the plane talking to the pilot, Ed Gavin, Roy saw a wolf charging focused directly at his son, David, who was crouching down to touch the water’s edge about 30m/33yards away. The moment Roy saw the wolf charging, it was 50m/55.5 yards from David and moving fast. Roy shouted for David to hide in the brush. When the wolf lost sight of him, it stopped, hopped, and stood on its hind legs trying to sight the boy again, allowing Galvin time to ready his weapon and fire. It was a young adult, underweight female, 32 kg/70.5 lbs.
Dr. M. Dawson, Paleontologist ♀ 1977, June 28 Prey-testing agonistic charge Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada Doing field work when they were approached by a pack of six wolves. They tried to drive them off by shouting, waving, and throwing clods of frozen dirt. The wolves were not deterred, and began to circle. The lead wolf leaped at Dawson's face, but Dawson pushed back with her arms and leaned backwards, pushing the wolf to the ground before it could bite her, and the wolves departed, but the strike was close enough for saliva from the wolf's flews to be left on her cheek. Munthe and Hutchinson (1978) interpreted the attack as testing of unfamiliar prey, but noted they didn't know if the wolves had encountered people before. McNay notes that the attack resembled others by wolves which had been fed. p. 16
Hunter 19 ♂ January, 1982 Predatory Near Duluth, MN, USA Attacked unseen out of thick cover. Knocked down, the pair rolled on the ground, where he was able to keep it away by grabbing its throat. He could not aim but managed to discharge his weapon, and the wolf fled at the sound. The hunter received claw wounds to the thigh.
Biologist ♂ 1984 Prey-testing agonistic charge 185 km southeast of Churchill, Manitoba, Canada The wolf ran directly at three biologists, ears up, straight-tail, maintaining eye contact with one in particular. At two metres, he sounded an airhorn directly at the animal, which veered to one side and ran off.
Christopher Nimitz 2 ♂ October 18, 1985 Captive Idyllwild, California, USA His family's captive wolf pulled his arm into the cage and severed it. His mother saved him but was arrested for child endangerment. Los Angeles Times
Robert Mulders, Biologist ♂ December 13, 1985 Prey-testing Agonistic Whale Cove, Nunavut, Canada Two biologists netted a caribou from a helicopter and landed to perform tests and attach a radio collar. While working near the running blades of the helicopter, Mulders saw a wolf approaching. Both men stood, shouted, and waved their arms. When mulders stepped toward the wolf, it started circling and stalking, then rushed in and bit down on Mulders' lower leg and would not let go despite repeated punches by Mulders for 10–15 seconds until the other biologist, Mark Williams, knocked the wolf unconscious with the caribou radio collar. Mulders then took the collar and struck the wolf in the head twice and stabbed it in the chest with a knife. The bite tore open his pants but left only a small wound.
Park visitors 1987-1998 Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada All incidents were proceeded by extensive habituation. At first, the incidents were minor. In the first incident, in 1987, a sixteen-year-old girl was only briefly bitten, with the attack being classified as "disciplinary", as the girl had been annoying the wolf. Years later, wolves began stalking children in a predatory fashion.\nIn one of the most serious of these, a wolf grabbed and tossed a nineteen month-old boy, who was saved by his parents, but received multiple puncture wounds.\nIn another, a wolf dragged a twelve-year-old boy in a sleeping bag. His nose was broken and face lacerated before being saved by his father. The wolf went on to attack three women in two attacks before being shot. It was a healthy male with stomach contents scavenged from camps. The boy underwent reconstructive surgery.\nIn all, five people were bitten. In all cases, the wolves were killed, and rabies tests were negative.
Tabitha Mullin ♀ June, 1995 Agonistic Ellsmere Island, Nunavut, Canada A wildlife biologist, Mullin was standing about five paces outside her front door on the Park warden’s base, observing and recording a pack of eleven wolves who approached and stopped inside 10 meters. One circled around closer, and she moved back toward the door. When she turned to open the door, the wolf grabbed and pulled her forearm. She pulled back, screamed, and her sleeves ripped; the wolf released; she got inside, closed the door, and the wolves left. She suspected photographers had been luring the wolves in with food. She was uninjured.
Andy Greenblat, Bush pilot ♂ 1997 Prey-testing Agonistic charge Joshua Green River Alaska, USA Greenblat was walking back to camp on a well-worn trail when he saw a wolf angling fast for a point ahead on the trail. When the wolf hit the trail it turned and ran directly at him, maintaining eye contact, ears forward. He yelled and waved his arms, and the wolf put its ears back but kept running and eye contact. At close range Andy was able to fire his weapon. The bullet missed, but the muzzle blast pushed the wolf off line, and the wolf missed. He swung the rifle and hit the wolf's skull; staggered, it ran off. Rabies was not suspected because the animal quickly gave up and ran away.
Park visitor ♂ June, 1999 Agonistic Vargas Island Provincial Park, British Columbia, Canada At about 2am, a wolf began dragging a sleeping man in a sleeping bag. The wolf had moved the man several meters away from the campfire when the man awoke, sat up, and shouted. The wolf stopped, stepped back, and attacked at the midsection, still encased in the sleeping bag. He fought it with his hands and arms, and rolled back towards the fire pit. The wolf bit him on the back and head, leaving multiple lacerations and separating a part of his scalp from the skull before being chased away by a group of other campers. The attack lasted about five minutes.\nThe man was transported to hospital in Victoria, BC, where his scalp flap was reattached with 50 stitches, and wounds to his hands and back were treated. Two wolves were killed the next day, tested negative for rabies, and identified as the same wolves which had been fed and played by people when they were pups. The same wolves had earlier that evening disturbed another camper, and two days earlier had menaced several nature photographers. The stomach contents showed no sign of scavenging human food.
John Stenglein, logging camp resident 6 ♂ 2000, April 26, Predatory Icy Bay, Alaska, USA John and an older boy were playing near the edge of a logging camp when a wolf appeared and chased the boys, attacking John when he fell and dragging him and toward the woods. He was saved by his friend's Labrador retriever, Willie, followed by a group of people, and then John's father arrived and shot the wolf. It was neither sick nor starving, having been habituated to the presence of people. John received 19 laceration and puncture wounds on the back, legs, and buttocks.
Noah Graham, camper 16 ♂ 2013, August 24, 4:30AM Near Lake Winnibigoshish, Minnesota, USA Awake and talking to his girlfriend when attacked from behind, biting his head. He kicked, screamed, punched, grabbed; and it disappeared. Was taken to the hospital for 17 staples to close a large head wound and to get precautionary injections. Authorities killed the wolf the next day and sent the body for rabies and DNA testing.
8