Information-theoretic language of proteinoid gels: Boolean gates and QR codes
<|reference_start|>Information-theoretic language of proteinoid gels: Boolean gates and QR codes: With an aim to build analog computers out of soft matter fluidic systems in future, this work attempts to invent a new information-theoretic language, in the form of two-dimensional Quick Response (QR) codes. This language is, effectively, a digital representation of the analog signals shown by the proteinoids. We use two different experimental techniques: (i) a voltage-sensitive dye and (ii) a pair of differential electrodes, to record the analog signals. The analog signals are digitally approximatied (synthesised) by sampling the analog signals into a series of discrete values, which are then converted into binary representations. We have shown the AND-OR-NOT-XOR-NOR-NAND-XNOR gate representation of the digitally sampled signal of proteinoids. Additional encoding schemes are applied to convert the binary code identified above to a two-dimensional QR code. As a result, the QR code becomes a digital, unique marker of a given proteinoid network. We show that it is possible to retrieve the analog signal from the QR code by scanning the QR code using a mobile phone. Our work shows that soft matter fluidic systems, such as proteinoids, can have a fundamental informatiom-theoretic language, unique to their internal information transmission properties (electrical activity in this case) - such a language can be made universal and accessible to everyone using 2D QR codes, which can digitally encode their internal properties and give an option to recover the original signal when required. On a more fundamental note, this study identifies the techniques of approximating continuum properties of soft matter fluidic systems using a series representation of gates and QR codes, which are a piece-wise digital representation, and thus one step closer to programming the fluids using information-theoretic methods, as suggested almost a decade ago by Tao's fluid program.<|reference_end|>
@article{sharma2024information-theoretic,
    title={Information-theoretic language of proteinoid gels: Boolean gates and QR
  codes},
    author={Saksham Sharma, Adnan Mahmud, Giuseppe Tarabella, Panagiotis
  Mougoyannis, Andrew Adamatzky},
    journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2405.19337},
    year={2024},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    eprint={2405.19337},
    primaryClass={cs.ET cs.IT math.IT physics.bio-ph physics.chem-ph}
}