An Eye Gaze Heatmap Analysis of Uncertainty Head-Up Display Designs for Conditional Automated Driving
<|reference_start|>An Eye Gaze Heatmap Analysis of Uncertainty Head-Up Display Designs for Conditional Automated Driving: This paper reports results from a high-fidelity driving simulator study (N=215) about a head-up display (HUD) that conveys a conditional automated vehicle's dynamic "uncertainty" about the current situation while fallback drivers watch entertaining videos. We compared (between-group) three design interventions: display (a bar visualisation of uncertainty close to the video), interruption (interrupting the video during uncertain situations), and combination (a combination of both), against a baseline (video-only). We visualised eye-tracking data to conduct a heatmap analysis of the four groups' gaze behaviour over time. We found interruptions initiated a phase during which participants interleaved their attention between monitoring and entertainment. This improved monitoring behaviour was more pronounced in combination compared to interruption, suggesting pre-warning interruptions have positive effects. The same addition had negative effects without interruptions (comparing baseline & display). Intermittent interruptions may have safety benefits over placing additional peripheral displays without compromising usability.<|reference_end|>
@article{gerber2024an,
    title={An Eye Gaze Heatmap Analysis of Uncertainty Head-Up Display Designs for
  Conditional Automated Driving},
    author={Michael A. Gerber, Ronald Schroeter, Daniel Johnson, Christian P.
  Janssen, Andry Rakotonirainy, Jonny Kuo, Mike G. Lenne},
    journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.17751},
    year={2024},
    doi={10.1145/3613904.3642219},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    eprint={2402.17751},
    primaryClass={cs.HC}
}