Deterministic Dynamic Edge-Colouring
<|reference_start|>Deterministic Dynamic Edge-Colouring: Given a dynamic graph $G$ with $n$ vertices and $m$ edges subject to insertion an deletions of edges, we show how to maintain a $(1+\varepsilon)\Delta$-edge-colouring of $G$ without the use of randomisation.   More specifically, we show a deterministic dynamic algorithm with an amortised update time of $2^{\tilde{O}_{\log \varepsilon^{-1}}(\sqrt{\log n})}$ using $(1+\varepsilon)\Delta$ colours. If $\varepsilon^{-1} \in 2^{O(\log^{0.49} n)}$, then our update time is sub-polynomial in $n$.   While there exists randomised algorithms maintaining colourings with the same number of colours [Christiansen STOC'23, Duan, He, Zhang SODA'19, Bhattacarya, Costa, Panski, Solomon SODA'24] in polylogarithmic and even constant update time, this is the first deterministic algorithm to go below the greedy threshold of $2\Delta-1$ colours for all input graphs.   On the way to our main result, we show how to dynamically maintain a shallow hierarchy of degree-splitters with both recourse and update time in $n^{o(1)}$. We believe that this algorithm might be of independent interest.<|reference_end|>
@article{christiansen2024deterministic,
    title={Deterministic Dynamic Edge-Colouring},
    author={Aleksander B. G. Christiansen},
    journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.13139},
    year={2024},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    eprint={2402.13139},
    primaryClass={cs.DS}
}