On the second-order zero differential properties of several classes of power functions over finite fields
<|reference_start|>On the second-order zero differential properties of several classes of power functions over finite fields: Feistel Boomerang Connectivity Table (FBCT) is an important cryptanalytic technique on analysing the resistance of the Feistel network-based ciphers to power attacks such as differential and boomerang attacks. Moreover, the coefficients of FBCT are closely related to the second-order zero differential spectra of the function $F(x)$ over the finite fields with even characteristic and the Feistel boomerang uniformity is the second-order zero differential uniformity of $F(x)$. In this paper, by computing the number of solutions of specific equations over finite fields, we determine explicitly the second-order zero differential spectra of power functions $x^{2^m+3}$ and $x^{2^m+5}$ with $m>2$ being a positive integer over finite field with even characteristic, and $x^{p^k+1}$ with integer $k\geq1$ over finite field with odd characteristic $p$. It is worth noting that $x^{2^m+3}$ is a permutation over $\mathbb{F}_{2^n}$ and only when $m$ is odd, $x^{2^m+5}$ is a permutation over $\mathbb{F}_{2^n}$, where integer $n=2m$. As a byproduct, we find $F(x)=x^4$ is a PN and second-order zero differentially $0$-uniform function over $\mathbb{F}_{3^n}$ with odd $n$. The computation of these entries and the cardinalities in each table aimed to facilitate the analysis of differential and boomerang cryptanalysis of S-boxes when studying distinguishers and trails.<|reference_end|>
@article{zhou2024on,
    title={On the second-order zero differential properties of several classes of
  power functions over finite fields},
    author={Huan Zhou, Xiaoni Du, Xingbin Qiao, Wenping Yuan},
    journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2409.11693},
    year={2024},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    eprint={2409.11693},
    primaryClass={cs.CR cs.IT math.IT}
}