CaBaGe: Data-Free Model Extraction using ClAss BAlanced Generator Ensemble
<|reference_start|>CaBaGe: Data-Free Model Extraction using ClAss BAlanced Generator Ensemble: Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) is often provided as a pay-per-query, black-box system to clients. Such a black-box approach not only hinders open replication, validation, and interpretation of model results, but also makes it harder for white-hat researchers to identify vulnerabilities in the MLaaS systems. Model extraction is a promising technique to address these challenges by reverse-engineering black-box models. Since training data is typically unavailable for MLaaS models, this paper focuses on the realistic version of it: data-free model extraction. We propose a data-free model extraction approach, CaBaGe, to achieve higher model extraction accuracy with a small number of queries. Our innovations include (1) a novel experience replay for focusing on difficult training samples; (2) an ensemble of generators for steadily producing diverse synthetic data; and (3) a selective filtering process for querying the victim model with harder, more balanced samples. In addition, we create a more realistic setting, for the first time, where the attacker has no knowledge of the number of classes in the victim training data, and create a solution to learn the number of classes on the fly. Our evaluation shows that CaBaGe outperforms existing techniques on seven datasets -- MNIST, FMNIST, SVHN, CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, ImageNet-subset, and Tiny ImageNet -- with an accuracy improvement of the extracted models by up to 43.13%. Furthermore, the number of queries required to extract a clone model matching the final accuracy of prior work is reduced by up to 75.7%.<|reference_end|>
@article{rosenthal2024cabage:,
    title={CaBaGe: Data-Free Model Extraction using ClAss BAlanced Generator
  Ensemble},
    author={Jonathan Rosenthal, Shanchao Liang, Kevin Zhang, Lin Tan},
    journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2409.10643},
    year={2024},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    eprint={2409.10643},
    primaryClass={cs.CR cs.LG}
}