Large language models surpass human experts in predicting neuroscience results
<|reference_start|>Large language models surpass human experts in predicting neuroscience results: Scientific discoveries often hinge on synthesizing decades of research, a task that potentially outstrips human information processing capacities. Large language models (LLMs) offer a solution. LLMs trained on the vast scientific literature could potentially integrate noisy yet interrelated findings to forecast novel results better than human experts. To evaluate this possibility, we created BrainBench, a forward-looking benchmark for predicting neuroscience results. We find that LLMs surpass experts in predicting experimental outcomes. BrainGPT, an LLM we tuned on the neuroscience literature, performed better yet. Like human experts, when LLMs were confident in their predictions, they were more likely to be correct, which presages a future where humans and LLMs team together to make discoveries. Our approach is not neuroscience-specific and is transferable to other knowledge-intensive endeavors.<|reference_end|>
@article{luo2024large,
    title={Large language models surpass human experts in predicting neuroscience
  results},
    author={Xiaoliang Luo, Akilles Rechardt, Guangzhi Sun, Kevin K. Nejad, Felipe
  Y'a~nez, Bati Yilmaz, Kangjoo Lee, Alexandra O. Cohen, Valentina
  Borghesani, Anton Pashkov, Daniele Marinazzo, Jonathan Nicholas, Alessandro
  Salatiello, Ilia Sucholutsky, Pasquale Minervini, Sepehr Razavi, Roberta
  Rocca, Elkhan Yusifov, Tereza Okalova, Nianlong Gu, Martin Ferianc, Mikail
  Khona, Kaustubh R. Patil, Pui-Shee Lee, Rui Mata, Nicholas E. Myers, Jennifer
  K Bizley, Sebastian Musslick, Isil Poyraz Bilgin, Guiomar Niso, Justin M.
  Ales, Michael Gaebler, N Apurva Ratan Murty, Leyla Loued-Khenissi, Anna
  Behler, Chloe M. Hall, Jessica Dafflon, Sherry Dongqi Bao, Bradley C. Love},
    journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2403.03230},
    year={2024},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    eprint={2403.03230},
    primaryClass={q-bio.NC cs.AI}
}