Starling Formation-Flying Optical Experiment: Initial Operations and Flight Results
<|reference_start|>Starling Formation-Flying Optical Experiment: Initial Operations and Flight Results: This paper presents initial flight results for distributed optical angles-only navigation of a swarm of small spacecraft, conducted during the Starling Formation-Flying Optical Experiment (StarFOX). StarFOX is a core payload of the NASA Starling mission, which consists of four CubeSats launched in 2023. Prior angles-only flight demonstrations have only featured one observer and target and have relied upon a-priori target orbit knowledge for initialization, translational maneuvers to resolve target range, and external absolute orbit updates to maintain convergence. StarFOX overcomes these limitations by applying the angles-only Absolute and Relative Trajectory Measurement System (ARTMS), which integrates three novel algorithms. Image Processing detects and tracks multiple targets in images from each satellite's on-board camera. Batch Orbit Determination computes initial swarm orbit estimates from bearing angle batches. Sequential Orbit Determination leverages an unscented Kalman filter to refine swarm state estimates over time. Multi-observer measurements shared over an intersatellite link are seamlessly fused to enable absolute and relative orbit determination. StarFOX flight data presents the first demonstrations of autonomous angles-only navigation for a satellite swarm, including multi-target and multi-observer relative navigation; autonomous initialization of navigation for unknown targets; and simultaneous absolute and relative orbit determination. Relative positioning uncertainties of 1.3% of target range (1$\sigma$) are achieved for a single observer under challenging measurement conditions, reduced to 0.6% (1$\sigma$) with multiple observers. Results demonstrate promising performance with regards to ongoing StarFOX campaigns and the application of angles-only navigation to future distributed missions.<|reference_end|>
@article{kruger2024starling,
    title={Starling Formation-Flying Optical Experiment: Initial Operations and
  Flight Results},
    author={Justin Kruger, Soon S. Hwang, Simone D'Amico},
    journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2406.06748},
    year={2024},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    eprint={2406.06748},
    primaryClass={cs.RO cs.MA}
}