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# NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH PHỔ THÔNG
*giáo án Tiếng Anh 10*
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Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT
Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
Baøi 1: THÌ CUÛA ÑOÄNG TÖØ
I- Hieän taïi ñôn (Simple Present):
1
) Caùch thaønh laäp:
-
-
-
Caâu khaúng ñònh
Caâu phuû ñònh
Caâu hoûi
S + V(s/es);
S + do/does + not + V;
Do/Does + S + V?;
S + am/is/are
S + am/is/are + not
Am/Is/Are + S?
2
) Caùch duøng chính:
Thì hieän taïi ñôn ñöôïc duøng ñeå dieãn taû:
.1 Moät thoùi quen, moät haønh ñoäng ñöôïc laëp ñi laëp laïi thöôøng xuyeân. Trong
2
caâu thöôøng coù caùc traïng töø: always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom, rarely,
every day/week/month …
Ex: Mary often gets up early in the morning.
2
.2 Moät söï thaät luùc naøo cuõng ñuùng, moät chaân lyù.
Ex: The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
.3 Moät haønh ñoäng trong töông lai ñaõ ñöôïc ñöa vaøo chöông trình,keá hoaïch.
2
Ex: The last train leaves at 4.45.
II- Hieän taïi tieáp dieãn (Present Continuous):
1
) Caùch thaønh laäp:
-
-
-
Caâu khaúng ñònh
Caâu phuû ñònh
Caâu hoûi
S + am/is/are + V-ing
S + am/is/are + not + V-ing
Am/Is/Are + S + V-ing?
2
) Caùch duøng chính:
Thì hieän taïi tieáp dieãn duøng ñeå dieãn taû:
.1 Moät haønh ñoäng ñang dieãn ra ôû hieän taïi (trong luùc noùi); sau caâu meänh
2
leänh, ñeà nghò. Trong caâu thöôøng coù caùc traïng töø: now, right now, at the moment,
at present, …
Ex: What are you doing at the moment?
-
I’m writing a letter.
Be quiet! My mother is sleeping.
2
.2 Moät haønh ñoäng ñaõ ñöôïc leân keá hoaïch thöïc hieän trong töông lai gaàn.
Ex: What are you doing tonight?
I am going to the cinema with my father.
.3 Moät haønh ñoäng nhaát thôøi khoâng keùo daøi laâu, thöôøng duøng vôùi today,
-
2
this week, this month, these days, …
Ex: What is your daughter doing these days?
Study, study more, study forever!!!
Trang 1
![ ](/html/d430/4306629_files/img_02.png)
Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT
Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
-
She is studying English at the foreign language center.
3
) Nhöõng ñoäng töø khoâng ñöôïc duøng ôû thì HTTD:
3
3
3
.1 Ñoäng töø chæ giaùc quan: hear, see, smell, taste
.2 Ñoäng töø chæ tình caûm, caûm xuùc: love, hate, like, dislike, want, wish
.3 Ñoäng töø chæ traïng thaùi, söï lieân heä, sôû höõu: look, seem, appear, have,
own, belong to, need, …
3
.4 Ñoäng töø chæ sinh hoaït trí tueä: agree, understand, remember, know, …
III- Hieän taïi hoaøn thaønh (Present Perfect):
1
) Caùch thaønh laäp:
-
-
-
Caâu khaúng ñònh
Caâu phuû ñònh
Caâu hoûi
S + have/has+ V3/ed
S + have/has + not + V3/ed
Have/Has + S + V3/ed?
2
) Caùch duøng chính:
Thì HTHT duøng ñeå dieãn taû:
2
.1 Moät haønh ñoäng xaûy ra trong quaù khöù khoâng xaùc ñònh roõ thôøi ñieåm.
Ex: Have you had breakfast? – No, I haven’t.
.2 Moät haønh ñoäng xaûy ra trong quaù khöù, coøn keùo daøi ñeán hieän taïi.
Ex: My friend Nam has lived in HCMC since 1998.
.3 Moät haønh ñoäng vöøa môùi xaûy ra.
Ex: I have just finished my homework.
.4 Trong caáu truùc:
Be + the first/second… time + S + have/has + V3/ed
Be + the ss nhaát + N + S + have/has + V3/ed
2
2
2
Ex: This is the first time I have been to Paris.
She is the most honest person I have ever met.
3
) Caùc traïng töø thöôøng duøng vôùi thì HTHT:
just (vöøa môùi), recently/lately (gaàn ñaây), ever (ñaõ töøng), never (chöa bao
giôø), yet (chöa), already (roài), since (töø khi – moác thôøi gian), for (khoaûng), so
far/until now/up to now/up to the present (cho ñeán baây giôø)
IV- Hieän taïi hoaøn thaønh tieáp dieãn (Present Perfect Continuous):
1
) Caùch thaønh laäp:
-
-
-
Caâu khaúng ñònh
Caâu phuû ñònh
Caâu hoûi
S + have/has+ been + V-ing
S + have/has + not + been + V-ing
Have/Has + S + been + V-ing?
2
) Caùch duøng chính:
Study, study more, study forever!!!
Trang 2
![ ](/html/d430/4306629_files/img_03.png)
Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT
Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
Thì HTHTTD ñöôïc duøng ñeå dieãn taû:
*
Haønh ñoäng baét ñaàu trong quaù khöù vaø keùo daøi LIEÂN TUÏC ñeán hieän taïi vaø
coøn tieáp dieãn ñeán töông lai, thöôøng duøng vôùi How long, since vaø for.
Ex: How long have you been waiting for her?
-
I have been waiting for her for an hour.
*
HTHT: haønh ñoäng hoaøn taát
HTHTTD: haønh ñoäng coøn tieáp tuïc
V- Quaù khöù ñôn (Simple Past):
1
) Caùch thaønh laäp:
-
-
-
Caâu khaúng ñònh
Caâu phuû ñònh
Caâu hoûi
S + V2/ed;
S + did + not + V;
Did + S + V?;
S + was/were
S + was/were + not
Was/Were + S?
2
) Caùch duøng chính:
Thì QKÑ duøng ñeå dieãn taû haønh ñoäng ñaõ xaûy ra vaø hoaøn taát trong quaù khöù
vôùi thôøi gian ñöôïc xaùc ñònh roõ. Caùc traïng töø thöôøng ñi keøm: yesterday, ago, last
week/month/year, in the past, in 1990, …
Ex: Uncle Ho passed away in 1969.
VI- Quaù khöù tieáp dieãn (Past Continuous):
1
) Caùch thaønh laäp:
-
-
-
Caâu khaúng ñònh
Caâu phuû ñònh
Caâu hoûi
S + was/were + V-ing
S + was/were + not + V-ing
Was/Were + S + V-ing?
2
) Caùch duøng chính:
Thì QKTD duøng ñeå dieãn taû:
2
.1 Moät haønh ñoäng xaûy ra (vaø keùo daøi) vaøo moät thôøi ñieåm hoaëc moät
khoaûng thôøi gian trong quaù khöù.
Ex: She was studying her lesson at 7 last night.
What were you doing from 3pm to 6pm yesterday?
-
I was practising English at that time.
.2 Moät haønh ñoäng ñang xaûy ra (V-ing) ôû quaù khöù thì coù moät haønh ñoäng
khaùc xen vaøo (V2/ed).
Ex: He was sleeping when I came.
2
While my mother was cooking dinner, the phone rang.
2
.3 Hai haønh ñoäng dieãn ra song song cuøng luùc trong quaù khöù.
Study, study more, study forever!!!
Trang 3
![ ](/html/d430/4306629_files/img_04.png)
Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT
Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
Ex: While I was doing my homework, my younger brother was playing
video games.
VII- Quaù khöù hoaøn thaønh (Past Perfect):
1
) Caùch thaønh laäp:
-
-
-
Caâu khaúng ñònh
Caâu phuû ñònh
Caâu hoûi
S + had + V3/ed
S + had+ not + V3/ed
Had + S + V3/ed?
2
) Caùch duøng chính:
Thì QKHT duøng ñeå dieãn taû:
2
.1 Moät haønh ñoäng xaûy ra vaø hoaøn taát tröôùc moät thôøi ñieåm hoaëc moät haønh
ñoäng khaùc trong quaù khöù (haønh ñoäng tröôùc duøng HAD + V3/ed, haønh ñoäng sau
duøng V2/ed).
Ex: We had had dinner before eight o’clock last night.
Lucie had learned English before she came to England.
2
.2 Moät haønh ñoäng ñaõ xaûy ra nhöng chöa hoaøn thaønh, tính ñeán moät thôøi
ñieåm naøo ñoù trong quaù khöù.
Ex: By the time I left that school, I had taught there for ten years.
(
Tôùi luùc toâi rôøi ngoâi tröôøng aáy, toâi ñaõ daïy ñöôïc 10 naêm.)
) Thì naøy thöôøng ñöôïc duøng vôùi caùc töø, ngöõ sau ñaây:
After, before, when, as, once
Ex: When I got to the station, the train had already left.
3
*
*
No sooner … than (vöøa môùi … thì)
Hardly/Scarely … when (vöøa môùi … thì)
Ex: He had no sooner returned from abroad than he fell ill.
-
--> No sooner had he returned from abroad than he fell ill.
Anh aáy vöøa môùi trôû veà töø nöôùc ngoaøi thì ñaâm ra beänh.)
(
*
It was not until … that … (maõi cho tôùi … môùi …)
Not until … that … (maõi cho tôùi … môùi …)
Ex: It was not until I had met her that I understood the problem.
--> Not until I had met her did I understand the problem.
Maõi tôùi khi toâi gaëp coâ ta, toâi môùi hieåu ñöôïc vaán ñeà.)
VIII- Quaù khöù hoaøn thaønh tieáp dieãn (Past Perfect Continuous):
) Caùch thaønh laäp:
-
(
1
-
-
Caâu khaúng ñònh
Caâu phuû ñònh
S + had + been + V-ing
S + had + not + been + V-ing
Study, study more, study forever!!!
Trang 4
![ ](/html/d430/4306629_files/img_05.png)
Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT
Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
-
Caâu hoûi
) Caùch duøng chính:
Thì QKHTTD duøng ñeå nhaán maïnh tính LIEÂN TUÏC cuûa haønh ñoäng cho
Had + S + been + not + V-ing?
2
ñeán khi moät haønh ñoäng khaùc xaûy ra trong quaù khöù.
Ex: When she arrived, I had been waiting for three hours.
IX- Töông lai ñôn (Simple Future):
1
) Caùch thaønh laäp:
-
-
-
Caâu khaúng ñònh
Caâu phuû ñònh
Caâu hoûi
S + will/shall + V
S + will/shall + not + V
Will/Shall + S + V?
2
) Caùch duøng chính:
Thì TLÑ duøng ñeå dieãn taû:
2
.1 Moät haønh ñoäng seõ xaûy ra trong töông lai.
Ex: I will call you tomorrow.
.2 Moät quyeát ñònh ñöa ra vaøo luùc noùi.
Ex: It’s cold. I’ll shut the window.
.3 Moät quyeát taâm, lôøi höùa, ñeà nghò, yeâu caàu.
2
2
Ex: I will lend you the money.
Will you marry me?
2
.4 Moät tieân ñoaùn, döï baùo trong töông lai.
Ex: People will travel to Mars one day.
3
) Moät soá traïng töø chæ thôøi gian thöôøng gaëp:
tomorrow, tonight, next week/month/year, some day, in the future, …
LÖU YÙ: Caùch duøng cuûa be going to + V:
*
+
Dieãn taû yù ñònh (khoâng coù trong keá hoaïch)
Ex: I have saved some money. I am going to buy a new computer.
Toâi ñaõ ñeå daønh ñöôïc moät ít tieàn. Toâi ñònh mua moät maùy vi tính môùi.)
Dieãn taû moät döï ñoaùn coù caên cöù
Ex: Look at those clouds. It’s going to rain.
Haõy nhìn nhöõng ñaùm maây ñoù kìa. Trôøi saép möa.)
X- Töông lai tieáp dieãn (Future Continuous):
) Caùch thaønh laäp:
(
+
(
1
-
-
-
Caâu khaúng ñònh
Caâu phuû ñònh
Caâu hoûi
S + will/shall + be + V-ing
S + will/shall + not + be + V-ing
Will/Shall + S + be + V-ing?
Study, study more, study forever!!!
Trang 5
![ ](/html/d430/4306629_files/img_06.png)
Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT
Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
2
) Caùch duøng chính:
Thì TLTD duøng ñeå dieãn taû moät haønh ñoäng seõ ñang dieãn ra ôû moät thôøi
ñieåm hay moät khoaûng thôøi gian trong töông lai.
Ex: This time next week I will be playing tennis.
We’ll be working hard all day tomorrow.
XI- Töông lai hoaøn thaønh (Future Perfect):
1
) Caùch thaønh laäp:
-
-
-
Caâu khaúng ñònh
Caâu phuû ñònh
Caâu hoûi
S + will/shall + have + V3/ed
S + will/shall + not + have + V3/ed
Will/Shall + S + have + V3/ed?
2
) Caùch duøng chính:
Thì TLHT duøng ñeå dieãn taû:
2
.1 Moät haønh ñoäng seõ hoaøn taát tröôùc moät thôøi ñieåm trong töông lai.
Ex: It’s now 7pm. I will have finished teaching this class by 8.30.
Baây giôø laø 7 giôø toái. Toâi seõ daïy xong lôùp naøy luùc 8g30.)
.2 Moät haønh ñoäng seõ hoaøn taát tröôùc moät haønh ñoäng khaùc trong töông lai.
Ex: By the time you come back, I will have written this letter.
Vaøo luùc anh trôû laïi, toâi seõ vieát xong laù thö naøy.)
Thì naøy thöôøng ñöôïc baét ñaàu baèng By + time (By then, By the time, By
(
2
(
*
the end of this week/month/year).
XII- Töông lai hoaøn thaønh tieáp dieãn (Future Perfect Continuous):
1
) Caùch thaønh laäp:
-
-
-
Caâu khaúng ñònh
Caâu phuû ñònh
Caâu hoûi
S + will/shall + have + been + V-ing
S + will/shall + not + have + been + V-ing
Will/Shall + S + have + been + V-ing?
2
) Caùch duøng chính:
Thì TLHTTD duøng ñeå nhaán maïnh tính LIEÂN TUÏC cuûa haønh ñoäng so vôùi
moät thôøi ñieåm naøo ñoù hoaëc haønh ñoäng khaùc trong töông lai.
Ex: By next month, he will have been working in the office for ten
years.
When George gets his degree, he will have been studying at Oxford
for four years.
All things are difficult before they are easy.
Vaïn söï khôûi ñaàu nan.
Study, study more, study forever!!!
Trang 6
![ ](/html/d430/4306629_files/img_07.png)
Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT
Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
Baøi 2: THEÅ THUÏ ÑOÄNG
I- Caùc böôùc ñoåi caâu chuû ñoäng sang caâu bò ñoäng:
1
) Xaùc ñònh S, V, O trong caâu chuû ñoäng (V coù theå laø ñôn hoaëc keùp. Neáu laø
V keùp thì V cuoái cuøng-V chính- ñöôïc ñoåi thaønh V3/ed.)
2
3
) Xaùc ñònh thì cuûa ñoäng töø
) Ñem O trong caâu chuû ñoäng laøm S trong caâu bò ñoäng, ñem S trong caâu chuû
ñoäng laøm O trong caâu bò ñoäng
) Laáy V chính trong caâu chuû ñoäng ñoåi thaønh V3/ed roài theâm BE thích hôïp
tröôùc V3/ed
) Ñaët BY tröôùc O trong caâu bò ñoäng
Ex: (A) The cat ate
--> (P) The mouse was eaten
4
5
the mouse.
by the cat.
-
Trong (A), The cat laø S, ate laø V chính, the mouse laø O. Ñem the mouse
laøm S vaø the cat laøm O trong (P). Laáy V chính ñoåi thaønh V3 laø eaten. Do V
chính trong (A) ôû thì quaù khöù ñôn vaø The mouse trong (P) soá ít neân BE phaûi laø
was. Ñaët by tröôùc the cat.
*
Caáu truùc cô baûn cuûa caâu bò ñoäng laø BE + V3/ed. Sau khi laøm xong, caàn
kieåm tra laïi coù thieáu moät trong hai yeáu toá ñoù khoâng.
II- Ñoäng töø trong caâu chuû ñoäng vaø bò ñoäng:
Tenses
Simple
present
Simple
past
Examples
Lan cleans the floor every morning.
--> The floor is cleaned by Lan every morning.
Nam broke the glasses.
--> The glasses were broken by Nam.
Present
The pupil is not doing some exercises.
continuous --> Some exercises are not being done by the pupil.
Past Mother was cooking dinner at 6 yesterday.
continuous --> Dinner was being cooked by mother at 6 yesterday.
Present
perfect
Past
perfect
Simple
future
The secretary has just finished the report.
--> The report has just been finished by the secretary.
The boy had found the key before 9 yesterday.
--> The key had been found by the boy before 9 yesterday.
Mr. Brown will not teach our class.
--> Our class will not be taught by Mr. Brown.
Study, study more, study forever!!!
Trang 7
![ ](/html/d430/4306629_files/img_08.png)
Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT
Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
Future
perfect
The students will have written many compositions.
--> Many compositions will have been written by the students.
a) The students must do this exercise in class.
Modal
verbs
--> This exercise must be done in class by the students.
b) We ought to overcome these difficulties.
-
-> These difficulties ought to be overcome.
III- Moät soá ñieåm caàn löu yù:
) Caâu hoûi chuû ñoäng vaø bò ñoäng:
A) Did your father make this chair?
--> (P) Was this chair made by your father?
A) Who repaired your bicycle?
--> (P) Whom was your bicycle repaired by?
By whom was your bicycle repaired?)
A) What plays did Shakespeare write?
--> (P) What plays were written by Shakespeare?
) Löôïc boû tuùc töø trong caâu bò ñoäng:
1
(
-
-
(
(
(
-
2
Neáu chuû töø trong caâu chuû ñoäng KHOÂNG chæ roõ laø ngöôøi hay vaät cuï theå, roõ
raøng (people, someone, every one, no one, any one, I, we, you, they, s/he, it) thì
khi ñoåi sang caâu bò ñoäng (by people /someone / every one / no one / any one /
me / us / you / them / her / him / it) coù theå ñöôïc boû ñi.
Ex: (A) People built that bridge in 1998.
-
3
--> (P) That bridge was built in 1998.
) Ñoäng töø coù hai tuùc töø:
.1 Ñoäng töø caàn giôùi töø TO: give, lend, send, show, …
A) John will give me this book. (=John will give this book to me.)
3
(
-
-
--> (P1) I will be given this book by John.
--> (P2) This book will be given to me by John.
3
.2 Ñoäng töø caàn giôùi töø FOR: buy, make, get, …
A) He bought her a rose. (=He bought a rose for her.)
(
-
--> (P1) She was bought a rose.
-
--> (P2) A rose was bought for her.
4
) Moät soá daïng bò ñoäng khaùc:
.1 Caáu truùc They/People say/think/believe… that …
(A) People say that Henry eats ten eggs a day.
--> (P1) It is said that Henry eats ten eggs a day.
4
-
-
Study, study more, study forever!!!
Trang 8
![ ](/html/d430/4306629_files/img_09.png)
Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT
Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
-
--> (P2) Henry is said to eat ten eggs a day.
(A) They thought that Mary had gone away.
-
-
--> (P1) It was thought that Mary had gone away.
-
--> (P2) Mary was thought to have gone away.
4
.2 Caáu truùc HAVE / GET + something + V3/ed
(A) I had him repair my car.
--> (P) I had my car repaired (by him).
(A) I get her to make some coffee.
-
-
-
-
--> (P) I get some coffee made (by her).
Time is gold.
Thôøi gian laø vaøng.
Baøi 3: SÖÏ HOAØ HÔÏP GIÖÕA CHUÛ TÖØ VAØ ÑOÄNG TÖØ
I- Nhöõng tröôøng hôïp ñoäng töø chia daïng soá ít:
Neáu chuû töø thuoäc caùc tröôøng hôïp sau thì ñoäng töø chia daïng soá ít.
1
) Danh töø ñeám ñöôïc soá ít hoaëc danh töø khoâng ñeám ñöôïc:
-
-
Mary lives in China.
Milk is my favorite drink.
2
) Danh töø taän cuøng baèng “S” mang nghóa soá ít:
news, mathematics (maths), economics, linguistics, politics, statistics,
physics, phonetics, aerobics, athletics, gymnastics, measles, mumps, rickets,
diabetes, the Philippines, the United States, …
-
The news is interesting.
3
) Ñaïi töø baát ñònh:
every/any/no/some + body/one/thing
-
Someone is kbocking at the door.
4
) Meänh ñeà baét ñaàu baèng THAT/WHAT/WHERE/WHEN… hoaëc cuïm töø
baét ñaàu baèng TO V/V-ing:
-
-
-
That you get high marks does not surprise me.
To master English is not easy.
Growing flowers was her hobby when she was young.
5
) Töø chæ thôøi gian, khoaûng caùch, tieàn baïc, ño löôøng, theå tích:
-
-
Eight hours of sleep a day is enough.
Five kilometers is not a long distance.
Study, study more, study forever!!!
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Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT
Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
-
Twenty dollars is too much to pay for that stuff.
6
) Töø ñònh löôïng + N mang nghóa soá ít:
-
-
Each of the children has a toy.
One of my friends is coming.
II- Nhöõng tröôøng hôïp ñoäng töø chia daïng soá nhieàu:
Neáu chuû töø thuoäc caùc tröôøng hôïp sau thì ñoäng töø chia daïng soá nhieàu.
1
2
3
) Danh töø ñeám ñöôïc soá nhieàu:
Engineers are key figures in our life.
) Caùc danh töø khaùc nhau keát hôïp baèng AND:
Scientists and engineers are very important.
) Töø ñònh löôïng + N mang nghóa soá nhieàu:
-
-
-
-
Most of the students here work very hard.
Some books I read last week are written by a famous writer.
4
) Danh töø luoân ôû daïng soá nhieàu:
people, police, cattle, poultry, military, goods, clothes, scissors, glasses,…
-
The police have arrested the robbers.
-
Sun glasses are used to protect your eyes from the sunlight.
*
Chuù yù: A pair of scissors is helpful in this case.
5
) The + Adj chæ danh töø soá nhieàu:
the rich/poor, the young/old/elderly, the homeless, the handicapped, the
blind/deaf/mute, the English/Chinese/Vietnamese,…
-
The poor have many problems.
III- Nhöõng tröôøng hôïp caàn löu yù:
) Khi caùc chuû töø ñöôïc noái vôùi nhau bôûi as well as, with, along with hoaëc
together with, ñoäng töø seõ hoaø hôïp vôùi chuû töø thöù nhaát.
1
-
-
The students, as well as their teacher, have not come yet.
The teacher, as well as his students, has not come yet.
2
) Khi caùc chuû töø ñöôïc noái vôùi nhau bôûi either … or, neither … nor, hoaëc
not only … but also ñoäng töø seõ hoaø hôïp vôùi chuû töø gaàn nhaát.
-
-
Neither she nor her friends have arrived.
Not only the dogs but also the cat is mine.
3
) A number of + N soá nhieàu – ñoäng töø soá nhieàu, The number of + N soá
nhieàu – ñoäng töø soá ít:
-
-
A number of applicants have been interviewed. (Nhieàu)
The number of days in a week is seven. (Soá löôïng)
Study, study more, study forever!!!
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Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT
Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
4
) Chuû töø laø danh töø taäp hôïp:
family, class, crowd, group, club, association, company, team, …
4
-
.1 Xem nhö MOÄT ÑÔN VÒ - ñoäng töø soá ít:
My family has three members.
4
-
.2 Ñeà caäp ñeán TÖØNG CAÙ NHAÂN - ñoäng töø soá nhieàu:
My family were watching TV at 7 yesterday.
Health is better than wealth.
Söùc khoeû laø vaøng.
Baøi 4: CAÂU NOÙI TRÖÏC TIEÁP VAØ GIAÙN TIEÁP
I- Ñoäng töø töôøng thuaät ôû thì hieän taïi hoaëc töông lai:
Neáu ñoäng töø töôøng thuaät ôû thì HIEÄN TAÏI hoaëc TÖÔNG LAI, ta chæ ñoåi
NGOÂI nhö sau:
1
2
3
) Ñoåi ngoâi thöù NHAÁT phuø hôïp vôùi CHUÛ TÖØ trong meänh ñeà chính
) Ñoåi ngoâi thöù HAI phuø hôïp vôùi TUÙC TÖØ trong meänh ñeà chính
) Ngoâi thöù BA khoâng ñoåi
Ex: He says to me, “I and you will go with her father tomorrow.”
--> He tells me (that) he and I will go with her father tomorrow.
Chuù yù: say to ---> tell
-
*
II- Ñoäng töø töôøng thuaät ôû thì quaù khöù:
Neáu ñoäng töø töôøng thuaät ôû thì quaù khöù, ta ñoåi ba yeáu toá laø ngoâi, thì cuûa ñoäng
töø vaø traïng töø chæ thôøi gian vaø nôi choán.
1
2
V1
V2/ed
can
) Ngoâi: (nhö treân)
) Thì cuûa ñoäng töø:
---> V2/ed
---> had + V3/ed
---> could
shall
may
must
---> should
---> might
---> had to
will
---> would
3
) Traïng töø chæ thôøi gian vaø nôi choán:
today
tonight
now
ago
---> that day
---> that night
---> then
next week ---> the week after
tomorrow ---> the day after
this
---> that
---> those
---> there
---> before
these
here
yesterday ---> the day before
last week ---> the week before
Study, study more, study forever!!!
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![ ](/html/d430/4306629_files/img_12.png)
Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT
Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
Ex: She said to me, “I met your brother yesterday.”
-
--> She told me that she had met my brother the day before.
III- Caùc daïng caâu töôøng thuaät:
1
) Caâu khaúng ñònh vaø phuû ñònh:
Ñoäng töø töôøng thuaät thöôøng laø said/told.
Ex1: He said, “I have seen her today.”
--> He said (that) he had seen her that day.
Ex2: The teacher said to Peter, “The prize was not given to you.”
--> The teacher told Peter (that) the prize had not been given to him.
-
-
*
Chuù yù: said to ---> told
2
) Caâu hoûi:
Ñoäng töø töôøng thuaät thöôøng laø asked/wondered/wanted to know
(
hoûi/töï hoûi/muoán bieát).
.1 Y/N:
Ex1: She asked me, “Do you like him?”
--> She asked me if I liked him.
Ex2: He said, “Can you speak English, Nam?”
--> He asked Nam whether he could speak English.
.2 WH-:
Ex1: He said, “What is her name?”
--> He asked what her name was.
Ex2: She said to him, “Where do you live?”
--> She asked him where he lived.
Chuù yù traät töï cuûa S vaø V:
Caâu hoûi tröïc tieáp
2
-
-
2
-
-
*
--->
Caâu hoûi giaùn tieáp
if/whether + S + V
WH- + S + V
-
Y/N:
“V + S?”
-
WH-:
“WH- + V + S?”
*
said to ---> asked
3
) Caâu meänh leänh:
Ñoäng töø töôøng thuaät thöôøng laø told/asked/ordered (baûo/yeâu caàu/ra leänh).
.1 Khaúng ñònh:
Ex: The teacher said, “Go to the board, John.”
--> The teacher told John to go to the board.
.2 Phuû ñònh:
Ex: Nam said to his friend, “Don’t shut the door.”
3
-
3
Study, study more, study forever!!!
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Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT
Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
-
--> Nam asked his friend not to shut the door.
Many a little makes a mickle.
Goùp gioù thaønh baõo.
Baøi 5: CAÂU ÑIEÀU KIEÄN VAØ CAÂU AO ÖÔÙC
I- Caâu ñieàu kieän:
1
) Ba loaïi caâu ñieàu kieän:
.1 Loaïi moät:
1
Dieãn taû ñieàu kieän COÙ THEÅ XAÛY RA ôû hieän taïi hoaëc töông lai.
Ex: If it rains heavily, I will stay at home.
1
.2 Loaïi hai:
Dieãn taû ñieàu kieän KHOÂNG THEÅ XAÛY RA ôû hieän taïi hoaëc töông lai.
Ex1: I would buy a new bicycle if I had enough money.
(
Hieän taïi toâi khoâng coù ñuû tieàn.)
Ex2: If I were a king, you would be a queen.
Toâi khoâng theå laø vua.)
.3 Loaïi ba:
(
1
Dieãn taû ñieàu kieän KHOÂNG THEÅ XAÛY RA ôû quaù khöù.
Ex: If John had worked harder, he wouldn’t have failed his exam.
(
Söï thaät laø John ñaõ khoâng chaêm chæ vaø ñaõ thi rôùt.)
2
) Toùm taét coâng thöùc:
Loaïi
IF CLAUSE
V1(s/es)
V2/ed/WERE
had +V3/ed
MAIN CLAUSE
will/can/may… + V
would/could/should… + V
1
2
3
would/could/should…+ have + V3/ed
3
) Nhöõng ñieåm caàn löu yù:
.1 “If … not” coù theå ñöôïc thay baèng “UNLESS” (tröø phi):
Ex: We will be late if we don’t hurry.
--> We will be late unless we hurry.
Ex: If I have time, I’ll help you.
--> Unless I have time, I won’t help you.
.2 Boû IF trong 3 loaïi caâu ñieàu kieän (phaûi coù ñaûo ngöõ vôùi
4
-
-
4
SHOULD/WERE/HAD):
Study, study more, study forever!!!
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Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT
Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
Ex: If it should be necessary, I will go.
-
--> Should it be necessary, I will go.
Ex: If I were rich, I would buy a new car.
--> Were I rich, I would buy a new car.
Ex: If you had asked me, I would have told you the answer.
--> Had you asked me, I would have told you the answer.
.3 Moät soá töø/cuïm töø coù theå thay cho IF vôùi nghóa töông ñöông:
-
-
4
provided that/so(as) long as (mieãn laø)/in case (trong tröôøng hôïp)/on condition
that (vôùi ñieàu kieän)
Ex: You can borrow my book provided that you bring it back.
II- Caâu ao öôùc:
WISH (öôùc)/IF ONLY(giaù maø)
V2/ed/WERE
1
2
3
) Khoâng coù thaät ôû hieän taïi:
-
-
I wish Peter were here now. (He isn’t here now.)
If only I had more money.
) Khoâng coù thaät ôû töông lai:
WOULD + V
She wishes Tom would be here tomorrow.
If only Tom would be here tomorrow.
HAD + V3/ed
We wish she had passed her exam last year.
-
-
) Khoâng coù thaät ôû quaù khöù:
-
-
If only you hadn’t told Peter about our plan.
Where there’s a will there’s a way.
Coù chí thì neân.
Baøi 6: SÖÏ ÑAÛO NGÖÕ
Moät soá töø/cuïm töø sau khi ñaët ñaàu caâu caàn ñaûo ngöõ:
1
) Nhöõng traïng töø coù nghóa phuû ñònh hoaëc gaàn phuû ñònh:
never, no longer, nowhere else, rarely, seldom, little, not until
-
He knows little about what she has done.
--> Little does he know about what she has done.
She is not only beautiful, but she is also very intelligent.
--> Not only is she beautiful, but she is also very intelligent.
) Caùc cuïm töø baét ñaàu baèng AT, IN, ON, UNDER:
-
-
-
2
-
At no time was Tom aware of what was happening.
-
In no circumstances would I agree such a proposal.
Study, study more, study forever!!!
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Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT
Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
3
) Caâu dieàu kieän löôïc boû IF: (xem Baøi 5, I, 3.2)
-
-
-
-
If anyone asks me, please tell them I will be away for a few days.
--> Should anyone ask me, please tell them I will be away for a few days.
If I knew him better, I would give him advice.
--> Did I know him better, I would give him advice.
4
) SO/SUCH:
-
-
-
-
-
I am a student, so is she.
The day was so hot that we had to stay indoors.
--> So hot was the day that we had to stay indoors.
It is such a good book that I can’t put it down.
--> Such a good book is it that I can’t put it down.
5
6
) ONLY when/after/by/then/if …
-
Only after a year did I begin to see the results of my work.
-
Only by working harder will you pass your final exam.
) HARDLY/SCARCELY/BARELY … WHEN; NO SOONER … THAN:
-
Hardly had I arrived home when I had a new problem.
-
No sooner had she handed in her paper than she realized her careless
mistakes.
Necessity is the mother of invention.
Caùi khoù loù caùi khoân.
Baøi 7: TÖØ ÑÒNH LÖÔÏNG
VI- Töø chæ soá löôïng lôùn/nhoû:
1
-
) A lot of, lots of, many, much: (nhieàu)
A lot of, lots of + danh töø soá nhieàu/danh töø khoâng ñeám ñöôïc trong caâu
khaúng ñònh
Ex: He has a lot of / lots of friends here.
We need a lot of / lots of time to learn a foreign language.
Many, much: duøng trong caâu phuû ñònh vaø nghi vaán.
MANY + danh töø soá nhieàu
-
MUCH + danh töø khoâng ñeám ñöôïc
Ex: There aren’t many people living here.
Does the newspaper have much information?
-
Many, much sau VERY, SO, TOO, AS:
Study, study more, study forever!!!
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Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT
Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
Ex: Very many crimes go unreported.
We had so many exercises to do.
There is too much salt in the soup.
He hasn’t got as much patience as I thought.
2
-
) A few, a little / few, little: (moät vaøi, moät ít / (raát) ít)
A few, a little: duøng vôùi nghóa xaùc ñònh
A few + danh töø soá nhieàu
A little + danh töø khoâng ñeám ñöôïc
Ex: We’ve got a little bacon and a few eggs.
-
Few, little: duøng vôùi nghóa phuû ñònh
Few + danh töø soá nhieàu
Little + danh töø khoâng ñeám ñöôïc
Ex: Few people can say that they always tell the truth.
There is little sugar in my coffee.
3
-
) A large number of, a great deal of/a large amount of: (soá löôïng lôùn)
A large numer of + danh töø soá nhieàu
Ex: He has a large number of English books.
*
A number of + Ns + ñoäng töø soá nhieàu
The number of + Ns + ñoäng töø soá ít (xem ví duï Baøi 3, III,3)
A great deal of + danh töø khoâng ñeám ñöôïc
-
Ex: A dishwasher uses a great deal of electricity.
VII- Töø chæ soá löôïng toaøn theå/boä phaän:
1
-
) All, most, some, any, no:
Vôùi danh töø ñeám ñöôïc soá nhieàu vaø khoâng ñeám ñöôïc:
Ex: All rabbits love green food.
Most students love football.
I’ve just bought some books.
She didn’t have any friends.
We have no Sundays free.
My brother likes all music.
Most pollution can be avoided.
Would you like some beer?
Have you got any wood?
I have no time to talk to you.
*
SOME duøng trong caâu khaúng ñònh vaø caâu hoûi.
ANY duøng trong caâu phuû ñònh vaø caâu hoûi.
-
Vôùi caáu truùc OF + the/these/those/my/her/our… + N (ít/nhieàu)
Ex: Most of my students like English. Some of the food is delicious.
Vôùi caáu truùc OF + ñaïi töø taân ngöõ (us/you/them/it)
-
Ex: Some of you have made careless mistakes in your tests.
Study, study more, study forever!!!
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Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT
Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
* Khoâng duøng caáu truùc NO OF + …
2) Every, each, both, either, neither:
- Every, each + N ñeám ñöôïc soá ít (haøm yù taát caû hoaëc moãi moät ngöôøi/vaät
trong nhoùm)
Ex: Every/Each room has a number.
I go for walk every day. (moãi ngaøy)
Each day seems to pass very slowly. (töøng ngaøy)
Each of + the/these/those/my/her/our… + N soá nhieàu
-
Ex: Each of the students has a personal computer.
Each of + ñaïi töø taân ngöõ (us/you/them)
Ex: Each of us has our own desk.
Each ñöùng moät mình hoaëc ñi sau ñaïi töø
-
-
Ex: They gave us each an English book.
Each has an English book.
-
Both, either, neither + N (ñi vôùi hai ngöôøi hoaëc hai vaät)
Ex: Both his parents are from Europe.
You can read either book. (one of 2 books)
Neither car is very economical to run. (2 cars)
-
Both, either, neither + OF + the/these/those/my/her/our… + N soá nhieàu
Ex: Both of his parents are from Europe.
You can read either of the books.
Neither of the cars is/are very economical to run.
Both, either, neither + OF + ñaïi töø taân ngöõ (us/you/them)
-
Ex: Both of us were tired.
Beauty is but skin-deep.
Caùi neát ñaùnh cheát caùi ñeïp.
Baøi 8: MEÄNH ÑEÀ TÍNH TÖØ VAØ MEÄNH ÑEÀ TRAÏNG TÖØ
VI- Meänh ñeà tính töø:
Meänh ñeà tính töø hay meänh ñeà quan heä ñöôïc ñaët sau danh töø noù phuï nghóa,
ñöôïc noái baèng caùc töø quan heä: WHO, WHOM, WHICH, THAT, WHOSE,
WHERE, WHY, WHEN.
Study, study more, study forever!!!
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Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT
Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
DANH TÖØ
Ngöôøi
Vaät/Ñ.vaät
Nôi choán
Lyù do
CHUÛ TÖØ
WHO/THAT
WHICH/THAT
TUÙC TÖØ
WHO(M)/THAT
WHICH/THAT
WHERE
SÔÛ HÖÕU
WHOSE
WHOSE/OF WHICH
WHY
Thôøi gian
WHEN
Ex: - The woman who/that is standing over there is my sister.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
I know the boy who(m)/that I spoke to.
She works for a company which/that makes cars.
The girl whose photo was in the paper lives in our street.
John found a cat whose leg/the leg of which was broken.
The hotel where we stayed wasn’t very clean.
Tell me the reason why you are so sad.
Do you remember the day when we first met?
) Meänh ñeà quan heä haïn ñònh:
Duøng ñeå boå nghóa cho danh töø ñöùng tröôùc. Neáu boû ñi meänh ñeà chính seõ
khoâng roõ nghóa.
Ex: I saw the girl. She helped us last week.
--> I saw the girl who/that helped us last week.
) Meänh ñeà quan heä khoâng haïn ñònh:
-
2
Duøng ñeå boå nghóa cho danh töø ñöùng tröôùc, laø phaàn giaûi thích theâm. Neáu boû
ñi meänh ñeà chính vaãn roõ nghóa. Meänh ñeà naøy thöôøng ñöôïc taùch khoûi meänh ñeà
chính baèng daáu phaåy “,”.
Ta duøng meänh ñeà quan heä khoâng haïn ñònh khi:
-
-
Tröôùc danh töø quan heä coù: this/that/these/those/my/her/his/…
Töø quan heä laø teân rieâng hoaëc danh töø rieâng.
Ex: My father is a doctor. He is fifty years old.
-
--> My father, who is fifty years old, is a doctor.
Mr Brown is a very nice teacher. We studied English with him.
--> Mr Brown, who(m) we studied English with, is a very nice teacher.
-
*
LÖU YÙ: KHOÂNG duøng THAT trong meänh ñeà naøy.
Mr Brown, that we studied English with, is a very nice teacher.
3
) Giôùi töø ñaët tröôùc meänh ñeà tính töø: (WHOM/WHICH)
Ex: The man speaks English very fast. I talked to him last night.
--> The man to whom I last night speaks English very fast.
-
Study, study more, study forever!!!
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Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT
Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
The house is for sale. I was born in it.
--> The house in which I was born is for sale.
-
*
LÖU YÙ: KHOÂNG duøng THAT, WHO sau giôùi töø.
The house in that I was born is for sale.
) Ñaïi töø quan heä THAT:
4
1
.1 Nhöõng tröôøng hôïp thöôøng duøng THAT:
Sau cuïm töø quan heä vöøa chæ ngöôøi vaø vaät:
Ex: He told me the places and people that he had seen in London.
Sau ñaïi töø baát ñònh:
Ex: I’ll tell you something that is very interesting.
Sau caùc tính töø so saùnh nhaát, ALL, EVERY, VERY, ONLY:
-
-
-
Ex: This is the most beautiful dress that I have.
All that is mine is yours.
You are the only person that can help us.
-
Trong caáu truùc It + be + … + that … (chính laø …)
Ex: It is my friend that wrote this sentence.
Chính laø baïn toâi ñaõ vieát caâu naøy.)
.2 Nhöõng tröôøng hôïp khoâng duøng THAT:
(
1
-
-
Trong meänh ñeà tính töø khoâng haïn ñònh (xem LÖU YÙ muïc 2))
Sau giôùi töø (xem LÖU YÙ muïc 3))
5
) OF WHICH / OF WHOM:
Ex: Daisy has three brothers. All of them are teachers.
-
--> Daisy has three brothers, all of whom are teachers.
He asked me a lot of questions. I couldn’t answer most of them.
--> He asked me a lot of questions, most of which I couldn’t answer.
-
6
) Ruùt goïn meänh ñeà tính töø thaønh cuïm tính töø:
.1 Duøng V-ing hoaëc boû BE:
Khi ñoäng töø chính trong meänh ñeà tính töø ôû theå CHUÛ ÑOÄNG hoaëc laø BE.
Ex: Those people who are taking photos over there come from Sweden.
1
-
-
-
--> Those people taking photos over there come from Sweden.
Fans who want to buy tickets started queuing early.
--> Fans wanting to buy tickets started queuing early.
The books which are on that shelf are mine.
--> The books on that shelf are mine.
1
.2 Duøng V3/ed:
Study, study more, study forever!!!
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Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT
Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
Khi ñoäng töø chính trong meänh ñeà tính töø ôû theå BÒ ÑOÄNG.
Ex: The books which were written by To Hoai are interesting.
-
--> The books written by To Hoai are interesting.
Most students who were punished last week are lazy.
--> Most students punished last week are lazy.
-
1
.3 Duøng (FOR + O) TO V:
Ex: This is the hotel where we can stay.
--> This is the hotel (for us) to stay.
VII- Meänh ñeà traïng töø:
) Meänh ñeà traïng töø chæ nôi choán:
where (nôi, choã) hoaëc wherever (baát cöù nôi naøo)
-
1
Ex: He told me where he had seen the money.
I will go wherever you go.
2
) Meänh ñeà traïng töø chæ theå caùch:
as (nhö), as if/as though (nhö theå)
Ex: We should do as our teacher tells us.
She looks as if she’s going to cry.
*
Söï vieäc khoâng coù thaät ôû hieän taïi
as if/as though + S + WERE/V2/ed
Ex: He looked at me as if I were mad.
*
Söï vieäc khoâng coù thaät ôû quaù khöù
as if/as though + S + had + V3/ed
Ex: He ran as if he had seen a ghost.
3
) Meänh ñeà traïng töø chæ nguyeân nhaân / lyù do:
because, since, as (bôûi vì)
Ex: She sold the car because she needed some money.
So saùnh because vaø because of:
BECAUSE + S + V BECAUSE OF + V-ing/N/N phrase
Ex: I’m late because I’m sick.
*
I’m late because of being sick.
I’m late because of my sickness.
4
) Meänh ñeà traïng töø chæ muïc ñích:
so that/in order that (ñeå) + S + (can/could) + V
Ex: She wants to stay here so that she can perfect her English.
) Meänh ñeà traïng töø chæ thôøi gian:
5
Study, study more, study forever!!!
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![ ](/html/d430/4306629_files/img_21.png)
Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT
Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
when (khi), as (khi/trong khi), while (trong khi), after (sau khi), before
tröôùc khi), until/till (cho tôùi khi), since (töø khi), as soon as (ngay khi),
(
whenever (baát cöù khi naøo), no sooner … than/ hardly … when (vöøa môùi … thì)
Ex: When it rains, I usually go to school by bus.
We should do a good deed whenever we can.
*
*
Ñaûo ngöõ vôùi no sooner … than/ hardly … when (xem Baøi 1, III, 3)
KHOÂNG duøng thì TÖÔNG LAI trong meänh traïng töø chæ thôøi gian.
I’ll tell you the news when I will come.
*
Thì cuûa ñoäng töø trong MÑ chính vaø MÑ traïng töø chæ thôøi gian:
Meänh ñeà chính
Meänh traïng töø chæ thôøi gian
- Present
- Past
-
-
-
Present
Past
Future
- Present
6
) Meänh ñeà traïng töø chæ keát quaû:
so + adj/adv + that … (quaù … ñeán noãi …)
Ex: The coffee is so hot that I can’t drink it.
such (+ a(n)) + adj + Noun + that … (quaù … ñeán noãi …)
-
-
Ex: It was such a hot day that we stopped playing.
They are such interesting books that I want to buy them all.
-
so + many/much/few/little + Noun + that … (quaù nhieàu/ít…ñeán noãi…)
Ex: There are so many people in the room that I feel tired.
7
) Meänh ñeà traïng töø chæ söï nhöôïng boä:
though/although/even though (maëc duø) + S + V
Ex: Though he looks ill, he is really strong.
*
-
LÖU YÙ:
in spite of/despite (maëc duø) + V-ing/N/N phrase
Ex: In spite of having little money, they always enloy themselves.
Although they have little money, they always enloy themselves.)
in spite of/despite + the fact that (maëc duø) + S + V
Ex: Despite the fact that they have little money, they’re always happy.
no matter where = wherever (duø baát cöù ñaâu)
(
-
-
Ex: No matter where you go, you need to have friends.
Diligence is the mother of success.
Coù coâng maøi saét coù ngaøy neân kim
Study, study more, study forever!!!
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Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT
Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
Baøi 9: DANH ÑOÄNG TÖØ VAØ ÑOÄNG TÖØ NGUYEÂN MAÃU COÙ “TO”
I- DANH ÑOÄNG TÖØ: (Gerund)
Ex: She enjoys listening to music.
V + V-ing (Gerund)
Moät soá töø/ñoäng töø sau ñaây caàn coù V-ing theo sau:
*
enjoy (thích, thöôûng thöùc), finish (hoaøn thaønh), postpone (trì hoaõn),
avoid (traùnh), keep (vaãn coøn), practise (thöïc haønh), miss (boû lôõ), be/get used to
quen vôùi), spend (tieâu xaøi, traûi qua), allow/permit (cho pheùp), advise (khuyeân),
(
recommend (ñeà nghò, khuyeân baûo), give up (töø boû, ñaàu haøng), suggest (ñeà nghò),
deny (töø choái), consider (xem xeùt), quit (rôøi boû), dislike (khoâng thích), like
(
thích), can’t help (khoâng theå khoâng), …
*
*
it’s no use/good (khoâng lôïi ích gì), would you mind (baïn coù phieàn)
worth (ñaùng, ñaùng ñöôïc), busy (baän roän)
II- ÑOÄNG TÖØ NGUYEÂN MAÃU COÙ “TO”:
Ex: I want to learn English well.
V + TO V
Moät soá ñoäng töø sau ñaây caàn coù to V theo sau:
want (muoán), expect (mong chôø, kyø voïng), refuse (töø choái), hope (hy
voïng), decide (quyeát ñònh), agree (ñoàng yù), plan (döï ñònh), would like (muoán),
like (muoán), fail (thaát baïi, hoûng), learn (hoïc), afford (coù ñuû khaû naêng/ñieàu kieän),
manage (xoay sôû), choose (choïn löïa), demand (ñoøi hoûi, yeâu caàu), prepare
(
chuaån bò), pretend (giaû boä), promise (höùa), seek (tìm kieám), threaten (ñe doaï),
train (ñaøo taïo, huaán luyeän), wish (ao öôùc), …
III- TO INFINITIVE OR GERUND?
1
) Moät soá ñoäng töø coù V-ing hoaëc TO V theo sau khoâng laøm thay ñoåi nghóa:
begin/start (baét ñaàu), continue (tieáp tuïc), hate (gheùt), can’t bear (khoâng
chòu ñöôïc), intend (döï ñònh), love (yeâu thöông), prefer (thích…hôn), hesitate (do
döï), …
2
-
) Moät soá ñoäng töø coù V-ing hoaëc TO V theo sau laøm thay ñoåi nghóa:
stop + to V: döøng laïi ñeå laøm
Ex: I stop to eat lunch.
Toâi döøng laïi ñeå aên tröa.)
stop + V-ing: döøng haønh ñoäng ñang laøm
Ex: You should stop smoking.
Baïn neân boû huùt thuoác.)
(
-
(
Study, study more, study forever!!!
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Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT
Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
-
try + to V: coá gaéng
Ex: He tries to get ten marks.
Anh ta coá gaéng ñaït möôøi ñieåm.)
try + V-ing: thöû
Ex: She tried writing with her left hand.
Coâ ta thöû vieát baèng tay traùi.)
need + to V: caàn (nghóa chuû ñoäng)
Ex: They need to work harder.
Hoï caàn laøm vieäc chaêm chæ hôn.)
need + V-ing: caàn ñöôïc (nghóa bò ñoäng)
Ex: This room needs cleaning.
(
-
(
-
(
-
(
-
Caên phoøng naøy caàn lau chuøi.)
remember/forget + to V: nhôù/queân laøm ñieàu gì (chöa xaûy ra)
Ex: Remember to post the letter when you get to the post office.
Nhôù gôûi laù thö khi baïn ñeán böu ñieän.)
remember/forget + V-ing: nhôù/queân ñaõ laøm ñieàu gì (ñaõ xaûy ra)
Ex: I will never forget seeing you here last year.
Toâi seõ khoâng bao giôø queân gaëp baïn taïi ñaây vaøo naêm roài.)
regret + to V: tieác phaûi laøm ñieàu gì (haønh ñoäng saép xaûy ra)
Ex: I regret to tell you that you failed the exam.
Toâi laáy laøm tieác baùo cho anh hay anh ñaõ thi hoûng.)
regret + V-ing: tieác ñaõ laøm ñieàu gì (haønh ñoäng ñaõ xaûy ra)
Ex: She regretted going to New York for holiday.
Coâ aáy tieác ñaõ ñi nghæ ôû New York.)
LÖU YÙ: Caáu truùc S + V + O + TO V vaø S + LET/MAKE + O + V
Ex: I permit you to go out tonight. They let me visit my parents.
(
-
(
-
(
-
(
*
Make haste slowly
Duïc toác baát ñaït
Baøi 10: TÖØ LOAÏI
I- Danh töø:
1
) Danh töø ñeám ñöôïc:
1
.1 Hình thöùc soá ít:
a/an + N
-
“a” ñöùng tröôùc danh töø soá ít baét ñaàu baèng moät phuï aâm.
Study, study more, study forever!!!
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Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT
Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
Ex: a book, a pen, …
-
“an” ñöùng tröôùc danh töø soá ít baét ñaàu baèng moät nguyeân aâm.
Ex: an apple, an orange, an egg, an umbrella, an island, …
.2 Hình thöùc soá nhieàu:
.2.1 Hôïp quy taéc: Ns/es
Ex: books, pens, boxes
.2.2 Baát quy taéc:
1
1
1
Soá ít
a man
Soá nhieàu
men
Soá ít
a foot
Soá nhieàu
feet
a woman
a child
a person
a mouse
a louse
a goose
women
children
people
mice
lice
geese
a tooth
teeth
a bacterium
a curriculum
a datum
a criterion
bacteria
curricula
data
criteria
a phenomenon phenomena
1
.2.3 Danh töø luoân coù hình thöùc vaø mang nghóa soá nhieàu:
clothes, scissors, spectacles, shorts, pants, jeans, trousers, pyjamas,
binoculars, belongings, …
1
1
1
.2.4 Danh töø soá ít vaø soá nhieàu coù hình thöùc gioáng nhau:
sheep, deer, aircraft, craft, fish, …
.2.5 Danh töø luoân mang nghóa soá nhieàu: (xem Baøi 3, II, 4)
police, cattle, people, …
.2.6 Danh töø coù hình thöùc soá nhieàu nhöng mang nghóa soá ít:
news, mathematics, the United States, … (xem Baøi 3, I, 2)
2
) Danh töø khoâng ñeám ñöôïc:
Laø nhöõng thöù ta khoâng theå ñeám ñöôïc tröïc tieáp (moät, hai, ba, …) nhö milk,
water, rice, sugar, butter, salt, bread, news, information, advice, luggage, health,
knowledge, equipment, iron, paper, glass, … (one milk, two milk)
*
Chuù yù:
-
-
-
Khoâng coù hình thöùc soá nhieàu (s/es)
Khoâng duøng vôùi a/an/one/two…
Coù theå ñi vôùi töø chæ dôn vò ñònh löôïng + of:
a bottle of milk, two litters of water, a loaf of bread, three sheets of paper,
four pieces of chalk, a bar of chocolate, a gallon of petrol, …
3
) Danh töø vöøa ñeám ñöôïc vöøa khoâng ñeám ñöôïc:
Study, study more, study forever!!!
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Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT
Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
Moät soá danh töø trong tröôøng hôïp naøy laø ñeám ñöôïc nhöng trong tröôøng hôïp
khaùc laïi khoâng ñeám ñöôïc.
Ñeám ñöôïc
a glass (moät caùi li)
two papers (hai tôø baùo)
three coffees (ba taùch caø pheâ)
two sugars (hai muoãng ñöông)
Khoâng ñeám ñöôïc
glass (thuûy tinh)
paper (giaáy)
coffee (caø pheâ)
sugar (ñöôøng)
II- Tính töø:
) Vò trí cuûa tính töø:
.1 Tröôùc danh töø:
Ex: She is a beautiful girl.
2
6
6
.2 Sau danh töø:
g) Chæ söï ño löôøng, tuoåi taùc:
Ex: This table is two meters long.
He’s twenty years old.
h) Tính töø coù tieáp ñaàu ngöõ “a”:
asleep (ñang nguû), ablaze (buøng chaùy), alight (böøng saùng), awake
(
thöùc), alive (coøn soáng), alike (gioáng nhau), afloat (noåi), …
Ex: I saw my son asleep on the floor.
i) Tính töø boå ngöõ cho tuùc töø:
Ex: We should keep our room clean.
6
.3 Sau Linking verbs:
be, become, feel, look, taste, sound, smell, seem, get, turn, appear
Ex: It becomes hot today.
6
.4 Sau ñaïi töø baát ñònh:
something, someone/body, anything, anyone/body, everything,
everyone/body, nothing, no one, nobody
Ex: Do you have anything important to tell me?
6
.5 Sau traïng töø:
Ex: Your story is very interesting.
3
) Traät töï cuûa caùc tính töø tröôùc danh töø:
Study, study more, study forever!!!
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Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT
Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
TÍNH TÖØ
SÖÏ THAÄT
Maøu saéc
YÙ KIEÁN
nice,
good, bad, thöôùc
ugly,
Kích
Tuoåi
Hình
daïng
Quoác
tòch/nôi
choán
Chaát
lieäu
beautiful
big,
small,
tall
old,
young
fat, thin, white,
round black
Vietnamese, wooden,
English,
French
golden
Ex: A beautiful tall thin Vietnamese girl is standing over there.
) Tính töø duøng nhö danh töø: (xem theâm Baøi 3, II, 5)
4
THE + ADJ
--->
NOUN
the poor, the rich, the blind, the deaf, the old, the handicapped, the sick, the
strong, the weak, the hungry, the disadvantaged, the unemployed, the disabled,
the living, the dead, the young, the middle-aged
Ex: The rich should help the poor.
5
) Phaân töø duøng nhö tính töø:
Tính töø taän cuøng baèng
–
ING
–ED
amazed
amused
bored
confused
depressed
deserved
disappointed
distinguished
encouraged
–ING
–ED
amazing
amusing
boring
confusing
depressing
deserving
disappointing
distinguishing
encouraging
exciting
frightening
interesting
pleasing
relaxing
satisfying
shocking
surprising
tiring
excited
frightened
interested
pleased
relaxed
satisfied
shocked
surprised
tired
1
.1 Hình thöùc hieän taïi phaân töø (-ING):
Dieãn taû nhaän thöùc cuûa ngöôøi noùi veà ngöôøi/vieäc gì ñoù.
Ex: That film is interesting. (Boä phim ñoù hay.)
(
Ngöôøi xem nhaän thaáy boä phim hay.)
He is boring. He always talks about the same things.
(
Haén ta chaùn thaät. Haén luoân baøn veà nhöõng thöù gioáng nhau.)
(
Ngöôøi nghe nhaän thaáy haén ta chaùn.)
1
.2 Hình thöùc quaù khöù phaân töø (-ED):
Study, study more, study forever!!!
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Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT
Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
Dieãn taû caûm giaùc cuûa ngöôøi noùi do ngöôøi/vieäc gì ñoù ñem laïi.
Ex: I am confused about the question. (Toâi bò boái roái veà caâu hoûi.)
(
Caâu hoûi laøm toâi boái roái.)
III- Traïng töø:
) Phaân loaïi traïng töø:
1
4
-
.1 Traïng töø chæ theå caùch:
Cho ta bieát moät haønh ñoäng ñöôïc thöïc hieän nhö theá naøo ñeå traû lôøi cho caâu
hoûi HOW?
-
Caùch thaønh laäp:ADJ + LY (moät caùch …)
angrily
anxiously
badly
beautifully
brightly
carefully
cleverly
colorfully
continuously
easily
fluently
happily
heavily
loudly
nervously
giaän giöõ
lo laéng
dôû, teä
peacefully
politely
quickly
quietly
rapidly
hoaø bình
lòch söï, leã pheùp
nhanh nheïn
yeân tónh
nhanh choùng
an toaøn
hôïp lyù
nghieâm tuùc
im laëng
kheùo tay
chaäm chaïp
ñaëc bieät
ngu ngoác
thaønh coâng
aám aùp
(haùt/muùa) hay
töôi saùng
caån thaän
kheùo leùo, khoân
saëc sôõ
lieân tieáp
deã daøng
troâi chaûy
haïnh phuùc
naëng neà
aàm æ, inh oûi
hoài hoäp
safely
sensibly
seriously
silently
skillfully
slowly
specially
stupidly
successfully
warmly
*
LÖU YÙ:
fast (nhanh), early (sôùm), late (treã), hard (chaêm chæ) vöøa laø tính töø vöøa laø
traïng töø.
Tính töø
-
Traïng töø
Jack is a very fast runner.
Ann is hard worker.
The train was late.
Jack can run very fast.
Ann works hard. (hardly)
I got up late this morning.
-
Phaân bieät:
Study, study more, study forever!!!
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Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT
Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
late (treã)
lately (gaàn ñaây) (= recently)
You come home late today.
He hasn’t been to the cinema lately.
(Gaàn ñaây anh ta khoâng ñi xem phim.)
hardly (haàu nhö khoâng)
(
Hoâm nay con veà treã.)
hard (chaêm chæ)
I’ve worked very hard.
She’s hardly got any money left.
(Coâ aáy haàu nhö khoâng coøn tieàn.)
(
-
Toâi laøm vieäc raát chaêm.)
Moät soá tính töø taän cuøng –LY:
friendly (thaân thieän), lovely (deã thöông), lively (soáng ñoäng), ugly (xaáu xí),
silly (ngôù ngaån). Nhöõng töø naøy khoâng phaûi laø traïng töø, neân ta duøng “in a
…
…way/manner” thay cho traïng töø.
Ex: She spoke to me in a friendly way/manner.
(
Coâ ta noùi chuyeän vôùi toâi moät caùch thaân thieän.)
4
.2 Traïng töø chæ thôøi gian:
Cho bieát söï vieäc xaûy ra luùc naøo ñeå traû lôøi cho caâu hoûi WHEN?
now, today, yesterday, tomorrow, last year, then, still, no longer, already,
immediately, just, soon, finally, recently, lately, at once, 2 months later/after, …
Ex: I’m leaving for Hanoi tomorrow.
4
.3 Traïng töø chæ nôi choán:
Cho bieát söï vieäc xaûy ra ôû ñaâu ñeå traû lôøi cho caâu hoûi WHERE?
here, there, somewhere, outside, inside, upstairs, downstairs, everywhere,
in Paris, at the supermarket, …
Ex: Tom is standing there.
4
.4 Traïng töø chæ söï thöôøng xuyeân:
Cho bieát haønh ñoäng xaûy ra thöôøng xuyeân nhö theá naøo ñeå traû lôøi cho caâu
hoûi HOW OFTEN?
never, rarely, seldom, sometimes, usually, frequently, occasionally, often,
always, once/twice a week, every day, daily, weekly, monthly, …
Ex: I often get up at 5 in the morning.
4
.5 Traïng töø chæ möùc ñoä:
Cho bieát haønh ñoäng, tính chaát cuûa söï vieäc dieãn ra ñeán möùc naøo.
very, too, so, quite, rather, extremely, absolutely, terribly, completely,
really, pretty, fairly, entirely, hardly, scarcely, somewhat, enough,…
Ex: I come here quite often.
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Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT
Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
2
) Vò trí cuûa traïng töø:
.1 Ñaàu caâu:
Ex: Where are you going?
.2 Giöõa caâu:
.2.1 Tröôùc ñoäng töø thöôøng:
Ex: They often play football after class.
.2.2 Sau ñoäng töø TO BE, trôï ñoäng töø hoaëc ñoäng töø khieám khuyeát:
2
2
2
2
Ex: Our teacher is still sick.
She doesn’t often go with him.
He can seldom find time for reading.
2
.3 Cuoái caâu:
Ex: You sang that song well.
3
) Traät töï cuûa caùc traïng töø:
Traät töï cuûa caùc traïng töø trong caâu thöôøng nhö sau:
Thöôøng
xuyeân
twice
Nôi choán
He walked to the church very
Chuù yù:
Möùc ñoä Theå caùch
Thôøi gian
slowly
last Sunday.
*
Traät töï treân coù theå thay ñoåi tuyø vaøo muïc ñích nhaán maïnh cuûa ngöôøi noùi/vieát.
4
) Chöùc naêng cô baûn cuûa traïng töø:
Boå nghóa cho
Ví duï*
1
2
3
4
) Ñoäng töø
) Tính töø
) Traïng töø khaùc
) Caû caâu
They danced beautifully.
She is very lovely.
He studied extremely hard.
Fortunately, he was not injured in that accident.
*
Phaàn in ñaäm, gaïch döôùi boå nghóa cho phaàn in nghieâng.
IV- Giôùi töø:
) Phaân loaïi giôùi töø:
.1 Giôùi töø chæ nôi choán: IN, ON, AT
a) IN (trong): ñöôïc duøng
Chæ moät ngöôøi hoaëc vaät ôû trong moät nôi naøo ñoù.
in a box / room / building / park / garden / bag / pocket / kitchen / cinema /
1
1
-
restaurant / book / lesson / newspaper / picture / pool / sea / river/ water / sky /
world / queue / row / line …
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Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT
Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
Ex: My mother is cooking in the kitchen.
-
Vôùi phöông tieän xe hôi, taxi hoaëc ñöôøng phoá.
in a car / taxi, in/on the street
Ex: Peter arrived at the party in a taxi.
They live in Hung Vuong Street.
-
Vôùi danh töø khoâng coù maïo töø ñeå dieãn taû moät ngöôøi ñang ôû taïi ñoù.
in bed / hospital / prison
Ex: Tom hasn’t got up yet. He’s still in bed.
-
Tröôùc caùc ñaát nöôùc, thaønh phoá, phöông höôùng.
in Vietnam / England / France / Hanoi / London / Paris / the east / west /
south / north
Ex: Ho Chi Minh City is in the south of Vietnam.
Ñeå taïo thaønh cuïm töø chæ nôi choán.
-
in the front/back of (a car/room/theater …), in the middle of (the room …)
Ex: I was in the back of the car when the accident happened.
There’s a computer in the middle of the room.
b) ON (treân): ñöôïc duøng
-
Chæ vò trí beân treân vaø tieáp xuùc vôùi beà maët cuûa moät vaät gì ñoù.
on the door / floor / wall / ceiling / river / beach / coast …
on/in the street, on a page
Ex: I sat on the beach.
They live on Wall Street.
The picture you’re looking for is on page 7.
Vôùi phöông tieän ñi laïi coâng coäng hoaëc caù nhaân (xe ñaïp, honda).
-
on a bus/train/ship/plane/bycicle/motorbike/horse
Ex: There were too many people on the bus.
Mary passed me on her bycicle.
-
Ñeå taïo thaønh cuïm töø chæ nôi choán.
on the right / left, on horseback, on the way to (school …)
on the back/front of (the envelope/paper …)
on top of (the wardrobe …)
on/at the corner of a street
Ex: In Britain people drive on the left.
Write your name on the front of the envelope.
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Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT
Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
c) AT (ôû): ñöôïc duøng
-
Ñeå dieãn taû moät vò trí ñöôïc xaùc ñònh trong khoâng gian hoaëc soá nhaø.
at the door / bus stop / traffic lights / party / meeting / desk …
at 69 Tran Hung Dao Street
Ex: Someone is standing at the door.
She lives at 69 Tran Hung Dao Street.
-
Ñeå taïo thaønh cuïm töø chæ nôi choán.
at home / school / college / university / work …
at the top/bottom of (the page …)
at the end of (the street …)
at the front/back of (the line …)
at/on the corner of the street
Ex: Peter’s house is at the end of the street.
The garden is at the back of the building.
1
.2 Giôùi töø chæ thôøi gian: IN, ON, AT
a) IN: ñöôïc duøng
Ñeå chæ buoåi trong ngaøy noùi chung, thaùng, naêm, muøa, thaäp nieân, theá kyû,
thieân nieân kyû.
in the morning / afternoon / evening
-
in February, in 1999
in (the) spring / summer / autumn / winter
st
rd
in the 1990s, in the 21 century, in the 3 millennium
-
Trong moät soá cuïm töø ñeå chæ moät khoaûng thôøi gian trong töông lai.
in a few minutes, in an hour, in a day / week / month …
Ex: Daisy has gone away. She’ll be back in a week.
(
Daisy ñaõ ñi khoûi. Coâ aáy seõ trôû veà trong moät tuaàn.)
-
Trong cuïm töø in the end vôùi nghóa cuoái cuøng (finally, at last), in time vôùi
nghóa kòp luùc.
Ex: Peter got very angry. In the end, he walked out of the room.
Peter raát giaän. Cuoái cuøng, noù ra khoûi phoøng.)
Will you be home in time for dinner?
Baïn seõ veà nhaø kòp giôø aên toái?)
Chuù yù: on time (ñuùng giôø)
b) ON: ñöôïc duøng
Ñeå chæ thöù trong tuaàn, ngaøy trong thaùng.
(
(
*
-
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Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT
Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
th
on Monday, on 5 March, on this/that day
th
Ex: I was born on 27 June, 1983.
-
Ñeå chæ buoåi trong ngaøy cuï theå hoaëc moät ngaøy cuï theå.
on Friday morning / Christmas Day / New Year’s Day / my birthday
Ex: See you on Friday morning.
c) AT: ñöôïc duøng
-
Ñeå chæ thôøi gian, caùc böõa aên trong ngaøy.
at 5 a.m., at sunrise / sunset / dawn / noon / twilight / night / midnight
at breakfast / lunch / dinner / supper
Ex: I get up at 5 o’clock every morning.
-
Ñeå chæ moät dòp leã hoäi, moät thôøi khaéc naøo ñoù.
at/on the weekend, at Christmas / Easter
at present / the moment / the same time / this (that) time
Ex: Mr. Brown is busy at the moment.
-
Ñeå taïo thaønh caùc cuïm giôùi töø.
at the end/beginning of, at the age of, at first/last
Ex: He came to live in London at the age of 25.
*
LÖU YÙ:
KHOÂNG duøng IN, ON, AT tröôùc all, every, this month/year, next, last,
tomorrow, yesterday, today.
Ex: He has worked hard all morning. (in all morning)
I hope to see you next Friday. (on next Friday)
*
Caùc giôùi töø chæ thôøi gian khaùc:
FROM … TO/UNTIL/TILL (töø … ñeán) (= BETWEEN … AND)
Ex: Every morning he plays tennis from 6 to 7.
(
Every morning he plays tennis between 6 and 7.)
SINCE (töø khi - moác thôøi gian)
Ex: I’ve been waiting for her since 5pm.
FOR (khoaûng)
Ex: He has lived in Paris for three months.
DURING (trong suoát)
Ex: You have to be quiet during the performance.
UNTIL/TILL (cho tôùi khi)
Ex: She’ll be here until Thursday.
BY (vaøo khoaûng - tröôùc hoaëc ñeán moät thôøi ñieåm naøo ñoù)
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Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT
Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
Ex: You must be home by 9.
BEFORE (tröôùc luùc) / AFTER (sau khi)
Ex: Come and see me before / after lunch.
2
) Giôùi töø theo sau tính töø:
.1 Adj + TO
1
acceptable: coù theå chaáp nhaän
accustomed: quen
agreeable: coù theå ñoàng yù
applicable: coù theå öùng duïng
appropriate: thích hôïp
contrary: traùi vôùi
dedicated: hieán daâng
essential: caàn thieát
friendly (to/with): thaân thieän
generous: haøo phoùng
harmful: coù haïi
loyal: trung thaønh
lucky: may maén
married: keát hoân
open: môû
pleasant: vui
pleasing: laøm vui loøng
polite: lòch söï
preferable: thích hôn
related: lieân quan
rude: thoâ loã
similar: gioáng
important: quan troïng
kind: töû teá
known: ñöôïc bieát ñeán
likely: coù khaû naêng/coù theå thích hôïp
strange: xa laï
subject: deã bò, khoù traùnh
true: trung thaønh
1
.2 Adj + OF
afraid: sôï
full: ñaày
aware: yù thöùc
glad: vui möøng
innocent: voâ toäi
jealous: ghen tò
proud: töï haøo
sure(of/about): chaéc chaén
thoughtful: chu ñaùo, aân caàn
Sthoughtless: khoâng chu ñaùo, aân caàn
tolerant: khoan dung
worthy: xöùng ñaùng
boastful: khoe khoang
capable: coù khaû naêng
careful(of/with/about): caån thaän
careless: baát caån
certain: chaéc chaén
confident: tin
desirous: khao khaùt
fond: thích
forgetful: queân
1
.3 Adj + FOR
anxious(for/about): lo aâu
appropriate: thích hôïp
available: coù theå duøng ñöôïc
difficult: khoù
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Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT
Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
eager: haùo höùc, haêm hôû
enough: ñuû
famous: noåi tieáng
good (for health/so.): toát
grateful (for s.th.): bieát ôn
late: treã
perfect: hoaøn haûo
responsible: coù traùch nhieäm
sorry: laáy laøm thöông haïi
sufficent: ñaày ñuû
suitable(for/to): thích hôïp
useful: coù lôïi ích
necessary: caàn thieát
1
.4 Adj + AT
amazed(at/by): ngaïc nhieân
angry (at/with s.o./to s.th.): giaän giöõ
annoyed(at/by): böïc mình
astonished(at/by): ngaïc nhieân
bad(at s.th.): dôû
good (at s.th.): gioûi
hopeless: voâ voïng
present: coù maët
quick: nhanh
skilful: coù naêng khieáu
clever: thoâng minh
excellent: xuaát saéc
1
.5 Adj + WITH
acquainted: quen
annoyed: giaän
disappointed: thaát voïng
pleased: haøi loøng
bored / fed up: chaùn
covered: bao phuû
crowded: ñoâng
popular: noåi tieáng
satisfied: thoaû maõn
1
.6 Adj + IN
honest: löông thieän
rich: giaøu
interested: thích thuù
proficient (at/in): thaønh thaïo
successful: thaønh coâng
weak: yeáu keùm
1
.7 Adj + FROM
absent: vaéng
different: khaùc
distinct: khaùc bieät
free: ñöôïc mieãn
safe: an toaøn
separate: rieâng leû
1
.8 Adj + ABOUT
confused: boái roái
curious: toø moø, hieáu kyø
enthusiastic: nhieät tình
excited: höùng thuù
happy: vui veû
sad: buoàn
serious: ñöùng ñaén, nghieâm tuùc
worried: boàn choàn, lo laéng
2
) Giôùi töø theo sau ñoäng töø:
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Trang 34
Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT
Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
accuse … of: buoäc toäi
apologise to … for: xin loãi
apologize for: xin loãi veà
apply for: noäp ñôn xin vieäc
arrive in/at: ñeán (nôi)
ask … for: hoûi … cho
believe in: tin töôûng vaøo
belong to: thuoäc veà
blame … for: ñoå loãi
live on: soáng nhôø vaøo
look after: chaêm soùc
look around: nhìn quanh
look at: nhìn
look back on: nhìn veà quaù khöù
look down on: khinh reû
look for: tìm
look forward to: mong ñôïi
look into: ñieàu tra
borrow … from: möôïn
care about: quan taâm veà
care for: chaêm soùc/thích/yeâu caàu
charge … with: phaït
come across: tình côø gaëp
complain to … about: than phieàn
concentrate on: taäp trung
congratulate … on: chuùc möøng
consist of: bao goàm
object to: phaûn ñoái
participate in: tham gia vaøo
pay for: traû tieàn cho
point / aim at: chæ … vaøo
prefer … to: thích … hôn
prepare for: chuaån bò
provide … with: cung caáp
regard … as: coi … nhö
rely … on: döïa vaøo
crash into: va chaïm vaøo
deal with: giaûi quyeát
decide on: quyeát ñònh veà
depend on: thuoäc vaøo
die of: cheát vì
remind … of: nhaéc nhôû
result from: do bôûi
result in: gaây ra
run into: tình côø gaëp
search for: tìm kieám
send for: cho môøi (ai) ñeán
shout at: la, heùt
speak/talk to: noùi vôùi
spend … on: chi tieâu … cho
succeed in: thaønh coâng veà
suffer from: ñau, chòu ñöïng
take after: gioáng
think about / of: nghó veà
throw … at: neùm … vaøo
translate … from … into:dòch…töø…sang
wait for: chôø
warn … about: caûnh baùo … veà
write to: vieát thö cho
divide into: chia (ra)
dream of / about: mô veà
escape from: thoaùt khoûi
explain … to: giaûi thích
feel like: caûm thaáy nhö
happen to: xaûy ñeán
hear about/from/of: nghe veà
hope for: hi voïng veà
insist on: khaêng khaêng
invite … to: môøi
laugh/smile at: cöôøi vaøo
leave … for: rôøi … ñeå ñeán
listen to: nghe
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Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT
Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
*
LÖU YÙ: Ñoäng töø hai chöõ ñi vôùi GO
go down: (giaù caû) giaûm (# go up)
go off: chaùy, noå
go after: ñuoåi theo, theo sau
go ahead: tieán haønh, thaúng tieán
go along: tieán trieån
go on: xaûy ra, dieãn ra, tieáp tuïc
go out: taét, bò daëp taét
go away: ñi khoûi
go back: trôû veà
go by: (thôøi gian) troâi qua
go over: xem xeùt, kieåm tra kyõ
go with: hôïp vôùi
4
) V + N + Giôùi töø:
catch sight of: thoaùng thaáy
give place to: daønh choã cho
give way to: nhöôïng boä
make use of: söû duïng, taän duïng
pay attention to: chuù yù ñeán
put a stop to: chaám döùt
keep pace with: theo kòp
put an end to: chaám döùt
lose sight of: maát huùt
lose touch with: maát lieân laïc vôùi
lose track of: queân maát
make allowance for: chieáu coá ñeán
make fun of: choïc gheïo, cheá nhaïo
make a fuss over/about: laøm loän xoän
make room for: nhöôøng choã cho
set fire to: laøm chaùy, ñoát
take account of: tính ñeán
take advantage of: lôïi duïng,taän duïng
take care of: chaêm soùc
take note of: ghi chuù, ghi nhaän
take notice of: löu yù, ñeå yù
Better than never.
Thaø muoän coøn hôn khoâng
Baøi 11: SO SAÙNH TÍNH TÖØ VAØ TRAÏNG TÖØ
I- So saùnh baèng:
) Caâu khaúng ñònh:
Ex: I’m as tall as Tom.
Toâi cao baèng Tom.)
John works as hard as his father.
John laøm vieäc chaêm chæ nhö cha cuûa anh aáy.)
) Caâu phuû ñònh: not as/so + adj/adv + as (khoâng baèng/nhö)
Ex: This watch is not as/so expensive as mine. (= my watch)
Ñoàng hoà naøy khoâng ñaét nhö cuûa toâi.)
She doesn’t sing as/so well as her sister.
1
as + adj/adv + as (baèng/nhö)
(
(
2
(
(
Coâ aáy haùt khoâng hay baèng chò coâ aáy.)
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Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT
Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
*
-
LÖU YÙ:
Khi so saùnh danh töø vôùi nghóa gioáng/baèng hay khoâng gioáng/khoâng baèng, ta
coù theå duøng caáu truùc:
(
not) + the same + (noun) + as
Ex: He is the same age as I am.
(
Anh ta baèng tuoåi toâi.)
Ann’s salary isn’t the same as Jane’s.
Löông cuøa Ann khoâng baèng löông cuûa Jane.)
Coù theå duøng less + adj/adv + than (keùm … hôn) thay cho not as/so +
(
-
adj/adv + as
Ex: This watch is less expensive than mine.
She sings less well than her sister.
-
Khi noùi gaáp bao nhieâu laàn, ta duøng caáu truùc … times as + adj/adv + as.
Ex: Their house is three times as big as ours.
Nhaø cuûa hoï lôùn gaáp ba laàn nhaø chuùng ta.)
II- So saùnh hôn:
) Tính töø/traïng töø ngaén:
Tính töø/traïng töø ngaén laø töø coù moät vaàn hay hai vaàn taän cuøng baèng “y”.
(
1
adj/adv + ER + than
fast ---> faster
lucky ---> luckier
cold ---> colder
happy ---> happier
thick ---> thicker
dry ---> drier …
Ex: John is stronger than his brother.
John khoeû hôn anh cuûa caäu aáy.)
This athlete runs faster than that one.
(
2
) Tính töø/traïng töø daøi:
more + adj/adv + than
Tính töø/traïng töø daøi laø töø coù hai vaàn trôû leân.
modern, patient, difficult, fluently, beautifully, …
Ex: This problem is more difficult than we thought.
Vaán ñeà naøy khoù hôn chuùng ta nghó.)
He speaks English more fluently than his friend.
Anh ta noùi tieáng Anh troâi chaûy hôn baïn cuûa anh ta.)
III- So saùnh nhaát:
(
(
1
) Tính töø/traïng töø ngaén:
the + adj/adv + EST
thick ---> the thickest
happy ---> the happiest
cold ---> the coldest
lucky ---> the luckiest
fast ---> fastest
…..
Ex: Yesterday was the hottest day of the year.
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Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT
Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
(
Hoâm qua laø ngaøy noùng nhaát trong naêm.)
2
) Tính töø/traïng töø daøi:
the + MOST + adj/adv
Ex: She is the most beautiful girl in the class.
Coâ aáy laø coâ gaùi ñeïp nhaát trong lôùp.)
(
*
LÖU YÙ:
-
Ta coù theå duøng the least ñeå chæ möùc ñoä keùm … nhaát.
Ex:
This story is the least interesting of all.
Ñaây laø caâu chuyeän keùm thuù vò nhaát trong caùc caâu chuyeän.)
(
-
Tính töø/traïng töø baát qui taéc
Tính töø/traïng töø
So saùnh hôn
better
worse
farther/further
less
So saùnh nhaát
the best
the worst
the farthest/furthest
the least
good/well (toát)
bad/badly (xaáu, dôû)
far (xa)
little (ít)
many/much (nhieàu)
more
the most
IV- Caùc daïng so saùnh khaùc:
) Caøng ngaøy caøng …
Tính töø/traïng töø ngaén:
Ex: Betty is younger and younger.
Betty caøng ngaøy caøng treû.)
He runs faster and faster.
Anh ta chaïy caøng ngaøy caøng nhanh.)
Tính töø/traïng töø daøi: more and more + adj/adv
Ex: My wife is more and more beautiful.
Vôï cuûa toâi caøng ngaøy caøng ñeïp.)
They work more and more carefully.
Hoï laøm vieäc caøng ngaøy caøng caån thaän.)
) Caøng … caøng …
The more + S + V, the more + S + V
Ex: The more I know him, the more I like him.
1
-
adj/adv + ER and adj/adv + ER
(
(
-
(
(
2
-
(
Caøng bieát anh aáy, toâi caøng thích anh aáy.)
-
The + SS hôn + S + V, the + SS hôn + S + V
Ex: The older he gets, the weaker he is.
(
OÂng ta caøng giaø caøng yeáu.)
The more beautiful she is, the more miserable her parents are.
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Trang 38
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Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT
Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
(
Coâ ta caøng ñeïp thì cha meï coâ ta caøng khoå.)
The more + S + V, the adj + ER + S + V
Ex: The more he works, the richer he is.
-
(
OÂng ta caøng laøm caøng giaøu.)
-
The adj + ER + S + V, the more + S + V
Ex: The hotter it is, the more tired I feel.
Trôøi caøng noùng toâi caøng thaáy meät.)
V- Qui taéc theâm ER vaø EST ñoái vôùi tính töø/traïng töø ngaén:
) Töø taän cuøng baèng “e” hay phuï aâm + “y”
(
1
Ex:
large
easy
lager
easier
largest
easiest
2
) Gaáp ñoâi phuï aâm:
Ex: hot
hotter
hottest
Misfortune has its uses.
Trong caùi ruûi coù caùi may.
Baøi 12: CAÙCH THAØNH LAÄP TÖØ
Moät töø coù theå ñöôïc thaønh laäp baèng caùch theâm vaøo tieáp ñaàu ngöõ hoaëc tieáp
vó ngöõ.
I- DANH TÖØ:
1
) Tieàn toá:
super-/under-/sur-/sub-/over- + N ---> N
DANH TÖØ
overdose
overexpenditure chi tieâu quaù möùc
overproduction
subcontinent
subway
NGHÓA
söû duïng quaù lieàu
DANH TÖØ
surface
supermarket
saûn xuaát vöôït möùc underachievement ñaït döôùi möùc
NGHÓA
beà maët
sieâu thò
tieåu luïc ñòa
taøu ñieän ngaàm
sieâu nhaân
undercurrent
undergrowth
underpass
doøng nöôùc ngaàm
buïi raäm
ñöôøng chui
superman
2
) Haäu toá:
a) V + -ion/-tion/-ation/-ition/-sion ---> N
Ñoäng töø
add
Danh töø
addition
Nghóa
söï theâm vaøo permit
Ñoäng töø
Danh töø
Nghóa
permission söï cho pheùp
combine combination söï keát hôïp
pollute
pollution
söï oâ nhieãm
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Trang 39
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Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT
Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
conserve conservation söï baûo toàn
preserve
preservation söï baûo quaûn
prevention ngaên ngöøa
correct
decide
discuss
inform
invite
correction
decision
discussion
information thoâng tin
invitation lôøi môøi
söï söûa chöõa prevent
quyeát ñònh
thaûo luaän
produce
provide
repeat
rotate
production
provision
repetition
rotation
saûn xuaát
söï cung caáp
söï laëp laïi
luaân phieân
b) V + -ment/-ance/-ence/-age/-ery/-ing/-al ---> N
Ñoäng töø
Danh töø
Nghóa
chaáp nhaän enrich
thaønh töïu exist
söï saép ñaët feel
Ñoäng töø
Danh töø
Nghóa
söï laøm
giaøu
söï toàn taïi
caûm xuùc
söï caûi
thieän
söï di
chuyeån
söï traû
tieàn
accept
acceptance
enrichment
achieve
arrange
achievement
arrangement
existence
feeling
arrive
attend
build
arrival
söï ñeán
improve
improvement
movement
payment
attendance
building
söï coù maët move
toaø nhaø
pay
maøn trình
dieãn
depend
dependence
söï leä thuoäc perform
performance
laøm
nhieãm
ñoäc
söï phaùt
poison
trieån
develop
development
poisoning
söï khaùc
recycle
nhau
vieäc taùi
söû duïng
töø choái
vuï cöôùp
differ
difference
recycling
disappoint disappointment thaát voïng
refuse
refusal
robbery
discover
discovery
khaùm phaù rob
söï thaùo
nöôùc
drain
drainage
teach
use
teaching
usage
daïy hoïc
caùch
duøng
employ
employment
vieäc laøm
c) V + -er/-or/-ar/-ant/-ent/-ee/ ---> N
Ñoäng töø
Danh töø
Nghóa
Ñoäng töø
Danh töø
Nghóa
ngöôøi laøm
coâng
account
accountant keá toaùn
employ
employee
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Trang 40
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Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT
Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
dieãn vieân
nam
ngöôøi xin vieäc inhabit
act
actor
fertilize
fertilizer
inhabitant
instructor
phaân boùn
apply
assist
applicant
assistant
cö daân
ngöôøi
ngöôøi phuï taù instruct
höôùng daãn
ngöôøi ñöôïc
phoûng vaán
ngöôøi chuû
ngöôøi ñöôïc
traû tieàn
ngöôøi tham
interview
döï
ngöôøi aên xin own
attend
beg
attendant
beggar
interviewee
owner
build
builder
thôï xaây
pay
payee
ngöôøi giuùp
vieäc
calculate calculator
maùy tính
serve
servant
contest
cook
contestant
cooker
ngöôøi döï thi
beáp naáu aên
ngöôøi gôûi
tieàn
sing
teach
singer
teacher
ca só
giaùo vieân
ngöôøi ñöôïc
ñaøo taïo
deposit
depositor
train
trainee
drive
edit
driver
editor
taøi xeá
bieân taäp vieân work
walk
walker
worker
ngöôøi ñi boä
coâng nhaân
d) N + -ist/-an/-ian/-ess ---> N
Danh töø
act
America
history
host
journal
library
lion
Danh töø
actress
American ngöôøi Myõ
historian
hostess
journalist
librarian
lioness
Nghóa
nöõ dieãn vieân music
Danh töø
Danh töø
Nghóa
nhaïc só
nhaø vaät lyù
coâng chuùa
nhaø khoa hoïc
coïp caùi
khaùch du lòch
nöõ haàu baøn
musician
physicist
princess
scientist
tigeress
tourist
physics
prince
science
tiger
tour
wait
nhaø söû hoïc
baø chuû nhaø
nhaø baùo
thuû thö
sö töû caùi
waitress
e) N + -ism/-ship ---> N
Danh töø
Danh töø
Nghóa
Danh töø
Danh töø
Nghóa
CN anh
huøng
capital
capitalism
CN tö baûn hero
chöùc voâ
heroism
champion championship
scholar
scholarship
hoïc toång
tinh thaàn
sportsman sportsmanship
theå thao
ñòch
friend
friendship
tình baïn
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Trang 41
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Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT
Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
f) Adj + -y/-ity/-ty/-cy/-ness/-ism/-dom ---> N
Tính töø
able
Danh töø
ability
Nghóa
khaû naêng dark
söï chaéc
chaén
Tính töø
Danh töø
darkness
Nghóa
boùng toái
söï phoå
bieán
söï caån
thaän
söï giaøu
coù
söï baát
caån
certain
clear
certainty
clarity
popular
popularity
carefulness
richness
söï roõ raøng careful
difficult
fluent
difficulty
fluency
khoù khaên rich
söï troâi
careless
chaûy
carelessness
sadness
söï buoàn
baõ
illness/sickness söï ñau yeáu
söï laïnh leõo
söï haïnh
phuùc
national
nationality
quoác tòch sad
possible
real
possibility
reality
söï coù theå ill/sick
söï thaät
traùch
nhieäm
söï ñaàn
ñoän
cold
coldness
responsible responsibility
happy
happiness
stupid
stupidity
free
freedom
söï töï do
g) Adj taän cuøng “ent” ---> “ence”
Tính töø
Danh töø
Nghóa
söï vaéng
maët
Tính töø
Danh töø
Nghóa
söï thoâng
minh
absent
absence
intelligent intelligence
söï kieân
nhaãn
söï yeân
laëng
confident
diligent
confidence
diligence
söï töï tin
patient
silent
patience
silence
söï sieâng
naêng
söï baïo
löïc
independent independence söï ñoäc laäp violent
violence
II- ÑOÄNG TÖØ:
1
) Tieàn toá:
a) dis-/mis-/re-/over-/under-/out- + V ---> V
Ñoäng töø
Nghóa
khoâng
ñoàng yù
Ñoäng töø
Nghóa
nhieàu/
ñoâng hôn
Ñoäng töø
rewrite
Nghóa
disagree
outnumber
vieát laïi
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Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT
Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
chaïy
nhanh hôn
tính giaù
undercharge
disappear
dislike
bieán maát
outrun
quaù thaáp
khoâng
thích
naáu chöa
chín
outweigh
naëng hôn undercook
laøm
cöôøng
underdo
ñieäu
misbehave
misspell
cö xöû sai
overact
khoâng
troïn veïn
ñaùnh giaù
thaáp
ñaùnh vaàn
nhaàm
naáu quaù
overcook
underestimate
chín
cho aên
khoâng ñuû
misunderstand hieåu nhaàm overstay
ôû quaù laâu underfeed
laøm vieäc
quaù laâu,
quaù söùc
söû duïng
sai
ñaët ôû
döôùi
misuse
overwork
underlay
lôùn/phaùt
trieån hôn
soáng laâu
hôn
baùn reû
hôn
outgrow
outlive
redo
laøm laïi
undersell
undersign
keát hoân
laàn nöõa
remarry
kyù ôû döôùi
b) en- + N/V/Adj ---> V
Ñoäng töø
enable
enact
Nghóa
laøm cho coù theå
laøm gì)
Ñoäng töø
Nghóa
Ñoäng töø
enlarge
Nghóa
môû roäng
laøm giaøu
enclose
gôûi keøm
(
ban haønh (luaät) endanger gaây nguy hieåm enrich
2
) Haäu toá:
Adj/N + -ize/-en/-ate/-fy ---> V
Adj/N
beauty
bright
Ñoäng töø
beautify
brighten
Nghóa
laøm ñeïp
laøm raïng rôõ real
Adj/N
origin
Ñoäng töø
originate
realize
Nghóa
baét nguoàn
nhaän ra
laøm cho
saéc, nhoïn
laøm ngaén
laïi
sieát chaët
laøm yeáu ñi
laøm traéng
industrial
industrialize CN hoaù
sharp
sharpen
shorten
hôïp phaùp
legal
legalize
hoaù
short
tight
less
light
loose
lessen
lighten
loosen
giaûm bôùt
laøm nheï ñi weak
laøm loûng ra white
tighten
weaken
whiten
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Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT
Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
hieän ñaïi
hoaù
modren
modernize
wide
widen
laøm roäng ra
III- TÍNH TÖØ:
1
) Tieàn toá:
a) un-/in-/im-/ir-/il-/dis- + Adj ---> Adj
Tính töø
Nghóa
khoâng
trung thöïc
baát hôïp
phaùp
khoâng hôïp
lyù
chöa chín
chaén
Tính töø
Nghóa
khoâng ñaày
ñuû
Tính töø
Nghóa
thaát
nghieäp
khoâng
bình ñaúng
khoâng
haïnh phuùc
khoâng
may
dishonest
incomplete
unemployed
illegal
inconvenient baát tieän
independent ñoäc laäp
unequal
unhappy
illogical
immature
impatient
khoâng theå
indivisible
unlucky
chia ñöôïc
khoâng
chính xaùc
khoâng
kieân nhaãn
inexact
unreal
khoâng thaät
khoâng haøi
loøng
impossible khoâng theå irregular
baát qui taéc unsatisfactory
khoâng
thöïc teá
voâ traùch
irresponsible untrue
nhieäm
khoâng
ñuùng
impractical
b) inter-/super-/under-/over-/sub- + Adj/N ---> Adj
Tính töø
international quoác teá
overanxious quaù lo aâu overseas
overconfident quaù töï tin oversized
Nghóa
Tính töø
overnight
Nghóa
quaù ñeâm supernatural
haûi ngoaïi supersonic
quaù côõ
quaù caân,
beùo phì
tieàm
Tính töø
Nghóa
sieâu nhieân
sieâu aâm
kín,bí maät
keùm phaùt
trieån
undercover
overcrowded quaù ñoâng overweight
overelaborate quaù tæ mæ subconscious
underdeveloped
traû thaáp
quaù
underpaid
thöùc
döôùi bình
thöôøng
sieâu
nheï caân,
thieáu caân
overjealous
overjoyed
quaù ghen subnormal
quaù vui superhuman
underweight
phaøm
2
) Haäu toá:
a) N + -ly/-like/-less/-ish/-y/-ful/-al/-ic/ ---> Adj
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Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT
Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
Tính töø
manly
Nghóa
Tính töø
Nghóa
coù buïi
coù tính caùch ñaøn oâng dusty
brotherly
worldly
hourly
thuoäc veà anh em
thuoäc veà theá giôùi
haèng giôø
snowy
rainy
sandy
dirty
coù tuyeát
coù möa
coù caùt
yearly
haèng naêm
baån
daily
childlike
godlike
haèng ngaøy
nhö con nít
nhö thaàn thaùnh
healthy
magical
agricultural noâng nghieäp
khoeû maïnh
tuyeät vôøi
statesmanlike nhö nhaø chöùc traùch
industrial
natural
national
harmful
useful
delightful
successful
hopeful
helpful
peaceful
scientific
coâng nghieäp
thieân nhieân
thuoäc quoác gia
coù haïi
coù ích
vui veû
thaønh coâng
hi voïng
hay giuùp ñôõ
hoaø bình
khoa hoïc
lifelike
gioáng nhö thaät
khoâng lôøi
speechless
carelesss
harmless
childless
treeless
odourless
foolish
khoâng caån thaän
khoâng ñoäc haïi
khoâng coù con
khoâng coù caây
khoâng muøi vò
ñieân daïi
selfish
ích kyû
childish
coù tính caùch treû con
b) V/N + -ive/-able/-ible ---> Adj
Tính töø
acceptable
achievable
active
agreeable
attractive
Nghóa
Tính töø
Nghóa
coù theå chaáp nhaän defensible
coù theå baûo veä ñöôïc
coù theå aên ñöôïc
hieäu quaû
coù theå tha thöù
coù nhieàu thoâng tin
coù theå quaûn lyù
coù theå giaët ñöôïc
coù theå ñaït ñöôïc
naêng ñoäng
taùn thaønh
eatable
effective
excusable
informative
manageable
washable
haáp daãn
comprehensible coù theå hieåu
countable coù theå ñeám
IV- TRAÏNG TÖØ: Phaàn lôùn: Adj + -ly ---> Adv (xem Baøi 10, III, 1.1)
Never quit certainty for hope.
Thaû moài baét boùng.
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Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT
Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
Baøi 13: CHUYEÅN ÑOÅI CAÂU
Caùc daïng bieán ñoåi caâu thöôøng gaëp
1
2
3
4
) Chuû ñoäng – bò ñoäng: (xem laïi Baøi 2)
) Tröïc tieáp – giaùn tieáp: (xem laïi Baøi 4)
) Ñaûo ngöõ: (xem laïi Baøi 6)
) Meänh ñeà traïng töø chæ lyù do, söï nhöôïng boä:(xem laïi Baøi 8, II, 3&7)
though/although/even though + S + V
-
*
--> despite/in spite of + V-ing/N/N phrase
LÖU YÙ: BUT ---> ALTHOUGH
Ex: Cars cause pollution but people still want them.
--> Although cars cause pollution, people still want them.
) So saùnh: (xem theâm Baøi 11, so saùnh baèng/nhaát/hôn)
Ex: Mary is not as tall as Alice.
-
5
---> Mary is not so tall as Alice.
---> Mary is less tall than Alice.
---> Alice is taller than Mary.
6
) Ñieàu kieän: (xem laïi Baøi 5, caâu ÑK loaïi 2 vaø 3)
.1 Khoâng coù thaät ôû hieän taïi:
Ex: I’m busy. I don’t go to the concert.
1
-
-
--> If I were not busy, I would go to the concert.
--> Unless I were busy, I would go to the concert.
1
.2 Khoâng coù thaät ôû quaù khöù:
Ex: Peter missed the train because he woke up too late.
-
-
--> If Peter hadn’t woken up too late, he wouldn’t have missed the train.
--> Unless Peter had woken up too late, he wouldn’t have missed the train.
7
) Ao öôùc: (xem laïi Baøi 5, caâu ao öôùc)
.1 Khoâng coù thaät ôû hieän taïi:
Ex: Tom is not happy because his girlfriend is not here.
--> Tom wishes his girlfriend were here.
.1 Khoâng coù thaät ôû quaù khöù:
Ex: I am sorry I missed your wedding party.
--> I wish I hadn’t missed your wedding party.
.2 Khoâng coù thaät ôû töông lai:
Ex: They will not attend my birthday party next week.
--> I wish they would attend my birthday party next week.
7
-
1
-
1
-
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Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT
Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
8
) Thueâ/nhôø ai laøm vieäc gì: (xem theâm Baøi 2, 4.2)
S + V + O ---> S + have + O + V ---> S + have + O + V3/ed
--> S + get + O + to V ---> S + get + O + V3/ed
Ex: The machanic repairs my car every month.
-
---> I have the machanic repair my car every month.
---> I get the machanic to repair my car every month.
---> I have/get my car repaired by the mechanic every month.
9
) Ñeà nghò, lôøi khuyeân:
Let’s + V
S + advise/suggest + V-ing
S + advise + O + to V
S + suggest (that) + S (+ should) + V
How/What about + V-ing?
Would you mind + V-ing?
Why don’t we/you + V?
Ex: Let’s go for a ride!
-
--> What about going for a ride?
Please don’t play the music so loudly.
-
--> Would you mind not playing the music so loudly?
1
0) Nguyeân nhaân – keát quaû:
so + adj/adv + that clause
such (a/an) + adj + N + that clause
too + adj/adv (+ for O) + to + V
not + adj + enough (+ for O) + to + V
Ex: The water was so cold that the children couldn’t swim in it.
---> It was such cold water that the children couldn’t swim in it.
---> The water was too cold for the children to swim in.
---> The water is not warm enough for the children to swim in.
*
LÖU YÙ:
-
-
1
Trong caáu truùc so/such … that, ta giöõ laïi töø “it”.
Trong caáu truùc too … to vaø not … enough … to, ta boû töø “it”.
1) Muïc ñích/nguyeân nhaân:
S + V + to/in order to/so as to + V
S + V + so that/in order that + S + can/could + V
S + V + because + S + V
Ex: They started early to go to school on time.
-
-
--> They started early so that they could go to school on time.
--> They started early because they wanted to go to school on time.
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Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT
Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
1
2) Laàn thöù … (laøm chuyeän gì):
S + have/had + never + V3/ed
S + have/had + not + V3/ed + before
-
--> It/This is/was the first time (that) + S + have/had + V3/ed
Ex: I have not eaten this kind of food before.
--> This is the first time that I have eaten this kind of food.
-
1
3) YÙ kieán/ñaùnh giaù moät söï vieäc:
It + be + adj (for O) + to V
-
--> To V/V-ing + be + adj (for O)
Ex: It is not easy for me to master English.
-
--> To master/Mastering English is not easy for me.
It is more dangerous to drive a motorbike than to drive a car.
--> To drive a motorbike is more dangerous than to drive a car.
--> Driving a motorbike is more dangerous than driving a car.
-
-
1
4) Maát … (thôøi gian) laøm vieäc gì:
S + spend + time + V-ing hoaëc
--> It + takes/took + O + time + to V
Ex: He spent 15 minutes finishing this exercise.
S + last + time
-
-
--> It took him 15 minutes to finish this exercise.
The flight to Hong Kong lasts about 8 hours.
--> It takes about 8 hours to fly to Hong Kong.
-
1
5) Thoùi quen hieän taïi vaø trong quaù khöù:
S + often/usually + V
S + find + it + adj + to V
-
--> S + be used to + V-ing
Ex: They usually drink beer.
-
-
--> They are used to drinking beer.
I don’t find it difficult to get up early.
--> I am used to getting up early.
S + used to + V ---> S + no longer + V = S + not … any more/any longer
Ex: He used to smoke cigarettes.
-
-
--> He no longer smokes cigarettes.
--> He doesn’t smoke cigarettes any more / any longer.
*
LÖU YÙ:
be used to + V/ be used for + V-ing: coâng duïng moät vaät
Study, study more, study forever!!!
Trang 48
![ ](/html/d430/4306629_files/img_48.png)
Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT
Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
Ex: What is money used for?
-
--> It is used to buy or sell goods.
-
--> It is used for buying or selling goods.
You are never too old to learn.
Hoïc khoâng bao giôø muoän.
PHUÏ LUÏC 1:
ÑOÄNG TÖØ BAÁT QUY TAÉC THÖÔØNG GAËP
Hieän taïi
Quaù khöù
was/were
Arose
Bore
QK PT
been
Nghóa
thì, laø, ôû
am/is/are
arise
bear
arisen
borne
beaten
become
begun
bent
bet
bitten
bled
blown
broken
bred
brought
built
xuaát hieän
sinh ra
ñaùnh, ñaäp
trôû neân
baét ñaàu
cuùi, gaäp
ñaùnh cuoäc
caén
chaûy maùu
thoåi
laøm vôõ
nuoâi
beat
Beat
become
begin
bend
bet
Became
Began
Bent
Bet
Bit
bite
bleed
blow
break
breed
bring
build
burn*
burst
buy
catch
choose
come
cost
Bled
Blew
Broke
Bred
Brought
Built
Burnt
Burst
bought
Caught
Chose
Came
Cost
mang
xaây döïng
ñoát chaùy
böøng chaùy
mua
baét ñöôïc
choïn löïa
ñeán
burnt
burst
bought
caught
chosen
come
cost
trò giaù
creep
cut
Crept
Cut
crept
cut
boø
caét
dig
Dug
dug
ñaøo
do
Did
done
laøm
Study, study more, study forever!!!
Trang 49
![ ](/html/d430/4306629_files/img_49.png)
Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT
Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
draw
dream*
drink
drive
eat
fall
feed
feel
Drew
Dreamt
Drank
Drove
ate
Fell
Fed
Felt
fought
Found
Fit
Flew
Forecast
Forgot
Forgave
Froze
Got
Gave
Went
Ground
Grew
Hung
Had
drawn
dreamt
drunk
driven
eaten
fallen
fed
veõ
mô
uoáng
laùi xe
aên
teù xuoáng
cho aên
caûm thaáy
ñaùnh nhau
tìm thaáy
vöøa vaën
bay
döï baùo
queân
tha thöù
ñoâng laïnh
ñaït ñöôïc
cho
ñi
nghieàn
moïc
treo
coù; duøng
nghe
felt
fight
find
fit
fought
found
fit
fly
flown
forecast
forgot(ten)
forgiven
frozen
got(ten)
given
gone
ground
grown
hung
had
forecast
forget
forgive
freeze
get
give
go
grind
grow
hang
have
hear
hide
hit
Heard
Hid
Hit
heard
hidden
hit
che giaáu
ñuïng
hold
hurt
keep
know
lay
lead
learn*
leave
lend
let
Held
hurt
Kept
Knew
Laid
Led
Learnt
left
held
hurt
kept
known
laid
led
learnt
left
lent
let
caàm,naém,toå chöùc
laøm ñau
giöõ
bieát
ñaët, ñeå
daãn daét
hoïc
rôøi khoûi
cho möôïn
ñeå cho
ñaùnh maát
Lent
Let
Lost
lose
lost
Study, study more, study forever!!!
Trang 50
![ ](/html/d430/4306629_files/img_50.png)
Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT
Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
make
mean
meet
overcome
pay
put
quit
read
ride
ring
Made
Meant
Met
overcame
Paid
made
meant
met
overcome
paid
put
quit
read
ridden
rung
laøm
nghóa laø
gaëp
vöôït qua
traû tieàn
ñaët, ñeå
thoaùt ra
ñoïc
cöôõi, ñaïp xe
reo, rung
nhoâ,moäc leân
chaïy
Put
Quit
Read
Rode
Rang
Rose
Ran
rise
run
risen
run
say
Said
said
noùi
seek
sell
Sought
Sold
sought
sold
tìm kieám
baùn
send
set
shake
shoot
shut
sing
sink
sit
Sent
Set
Shook
Shot
Shut
Sang
Sank
Sat
sent
set
shaken
shot
shut
sung
sunk
sat
göûi ñi
xeáp ñaët
laéc
baén
ñoùng laïi
haùt
chìm, ñaém
ngoài
sleep
slide
smell*
speak
speed
spell
spend
spill
spread
stand
sting
strike
swear
sweep
Slept
Slid
slept
slid
nguû
tröôït ñi
ngöûi
Smelt
Spoke
Sped
Spelt
Spent
Spilt
Spread
Stood
Stung
Struck
Swore
Swept
smelt
spoken
sped
spelt
spent
spilt
spread
stood
stung
struck
sworn
swept
noùi
taêng toác
ñaùnh vaàn
tieâu xaøi
traøn ra
lan truyeàn
ñöùng
chích, ñoát
ñaùnh
theà
queùt
Study, study more, study forever!!!
Trang 51
![ ](/html/d430/4306629_files/img_51.png)
Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT
Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
bôi, loäi
ñaùnh ñu
caàm, naém
daïy
xeù raùch
baûo, keå
suy nghó
neùm
aán maïnh
hieåu
ñaùnh thöùc
maëc, ñoäi
deät
khoùc
laøm öôùt
thaéng
swim
swing
take
teach
tear
Swam
Swung
Took
Taught
Tore
swum
swung
taken
taught
torn
tell
told
told
think
throw
thrust
understand
wake
wear
weave
weep
wet
Thought
Threw
Thrust
understood
Woke
Wore
Wove
Wept
thought
thrown
thrust
understood
woken
worn
woven
wept
wet
Wet
Won
win
won
write
Wrote
written
vieát
*
Coù theå theâm “ed” ñeå thaønh laäp V2/3.
ꢀ
☺ ꢁ
Chuù ùc caù ùc em thaø øn h coâng!!!
Haõ õy vaø øo
[http://vihocsinhthanyeu.tk](#)ñeåå tham khaû ûo
theâ âm taø øi lieä äu hoï ïc taä äp tieá án g Anh.
Study, study more, study forever!!!
Trang 52
Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT
Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
MUÏC LUÏC
Trang
BAØI 1: THÌ CUÛA ÑOÄNG TÖØ ............................................................................1
BAØI 2: THEÅ THUÏ ÑOÄNG..................................................................................7
BAØI 3: SÖÏ HOAØ HÔÏP GIÖÕA CHUÛ TÖØ VAØ ÑOÄNG TÖØ....................................9
BAØI 4: CAÂU NOÙI TRÖÏC TIEÁP VAØ GIAÙN TIEÁP ...........................................11
BAØI 5: CAÂU ÑIEÀU KIEÄN VAØ CAÂU AO ÖÔÙC ..............................................13
BAØI 6: SÖÏ ÑAÛO NGÖÕ .....................................................................................14
BAØI 7: TÖØ ÑÒNH LÖÔÏNG ..............................................................................15
BAØI 8: MEÄNH ÑEÀ TÍNH TÖØ VAØ MEÄNH ÑEÀ TRAÏNG TÖØ .........................17
BAØI 9: DANH ÑOÄNG TÖØ VAØ ÑOÄNG TÖØ NGUYEÂN MAÃU COÙ “TO” ........22
BAØI 10: TÖØ LOAÏI ...........................................................................................23
BAØI 11: SO SAÙNH TÍNH TÖØ VAØ TRAÏNG TÖØ ..............................................36
BAØI 12: CAÙCH THAØNH LAÄP TÖØ..................................................................39
BAØI 13: CHUYEÅN ÑOÅI CAÂU ........................................................................46
PHUÏ LUÏC: ÑOÄNG TÖØ BAÁT QUY TAÉC THÖÔØNG GAËP .............................49
TAØI LIEÄU THAM KHAÛO
1
2
. John Eastwood, OXFORD GUIDE TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR, Oxford
University Press, 1994
. Raymond Murphy, ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN USE, Cambridge University
Press, 2000
3
4
. Haø Vaên Böûu, NHÖÕNG MAÃU CAÂU TIEÁNG ANH, NXB TP. HCM, 1998
. Mai Lan Höông – Nguyeãn Thanh Loan, NGÖÕ PHAÙP TIEÁNG ANH, NXB
Treû, 2003
5
6
. Thaùi Hoaøng Nguyeân – Ñoã Vaên Thaûo, BAØI TAÄP NGÖÕ PHAÙP TIEÁNG ANH
NAÂNG CAO, NXB Giaùo duïc, 2003
. Nguyeãn Vaên Thoï – Huyønh Kim Tuaán, BAØI TAÄP LUYEÄN TIEÁNG ANH
THPT: NGÖÕ PHAÙP, NXB Giaùo duïc, 2005
7
8
9
. Leâ Duõng, NGÖÕ PHAÙP TIEÁNG ANH CAÊN BAÛN, NXB Giaùo duïc, 2006
. Leâ Duõng, NGÖÕ PHAÙP TIEÁNG ANH NAÂNG CAO, NXB Giaùo duïc, 2000
. Vónh Khueâ – Traàn Vaên Nhaân, CHUYEÂN ÑEÀ BOÀI DÖÔÕNG ENGLISH 12,
NXB Ñoàng Nai, 1997
1
0. Song Phuùc – Leâ Nguyeãn Minh Thoï, BÍ QUYEÁT LAØM BAØI TAÄP CHUYEÅN
ÑOÅI CAÁU TRUÙC CAÂU TRONG TIEÁNH ANH, NXB Giaùo duïc, 2004
Study, study more, study forever!!!
Trang 53
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Thu nhỏ màn hình
Nguồn:
Để
**tải về NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH PHỔ THÔNG**
Bước 1:Tại trang tài liệu chi tiết nslide bạn muốn tải, click vào nút Download màu xanh lá cây ở phía trên.
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## giáo án tương tự
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Tặng 02 năm BHVC (áp dụng cho xe không kinh doanh). Hỗ trợ trả góp tới 80%. Hỗ trợ mọi thủ tục đăng kí đăng kiểm.
Xe đãm bảo Lịch sử, pháp lý Đãm bảo chất lượng Bảo hành chính hãng
Hỗ trợ mọi thủ tục đăng kí đăng kiểm. Hỗ trợ thủ tục ngân hàng cho vay tới 80%.
Tặng 01 năm BHVC (áp dụng cho xe không kinh doanh). Hỗ trợ trả góp lên tới 80%. Hỗ trợ mọi thủ tục đăng kí đăng kiểm.
Liên hệ: Mr. Hải 0988488803 để đặt xe sớm nhất giảm giá tốt nhất thị trường cùng nhiều phần quà hấp dẫn
giảm giá tốt nhất thị trường cùng nhiều phần quà hấp dẫn
Bảo hành chính hãng đến : 9/2020
Bạn đang xem tin
[ trên OtoS.vn - Website bán xe Toyota](/ban-xe-toyota)
**Toyota Motor Corporation** là một công ty đa quốc gia có trụ sở tại Nhật Bản, và là nhà sản xuất ô tô lớn nhất thế giới vào năm 2015. Về mặt công nhận quốc tế, **hãng Toyota** là nhà sản xuất xe hơi duy nhất có mặt trong nhóm top 10 xếp hạng công nhận tên BrandZ.
[Hãng xe Toyota](https://otos.vn/ban-xe-toyota) đặt chân vào thị trường ô tô Việt Nam vào 9/1995, đến nay Toyota đã phân phối sản phẩm khá đa dạng tại thị trường Việt. Từ các mẫu xe thể thao, [sedan](https://otos.vn/ban-xe-sedan), [SUV](https://otos.vn/ban-xe-suv-crossover), ... cho đến các [mẫu xe bán tải](https://otos.vn/ban-xe-pickup) đều mang đến khá nhiều mẫu mã & phiên bản để khách hàng lựa chọn. [Mua xe Toyota trả góp](https://otos.vn/ban-xe-toyota) là cách thức **mua xe Toyota** trong đó khách hàng có thể trả trước 1 phần tiền (giá xe), phần còn lại sẽ vay ngân hàng với lãi suất thấp, tiến hành trả dần cho theo từng định kì nhất định bao gồm cả gốc và lãi. Phương thức này phù hợp với những cá nhân hoặc doanh nghiệp cần sử dụng **xe Toyota**, tại thời điểm mua xe chưa có đủ khả năng tài chính. Quý khách hàng có thể gọi Hotline [0906 870 699](tel:0906870699) để biết thêm chi tiết.
Nếu bạn là người bán xe, vui lòng click vào Đăng bán xe
[tại đây](https://otos.vn/nha-cung-cap/dang-xe-ban)
*Cách nhập:
**1 = 1 triệu**, **1000 = 1 tỷ** - Đv: **Triệu**

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