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# SAS 9.1 SQL Procedure- P4
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SAS 9.1 SQL Procedure- P4
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- 146 Creating a Summary Report 4 Chapter 6 to calculate the sum of each month’s sales, then uses the SUM function a second time to total the monthly sums into one grand total. sum(calculated JanTotal, calculated FebTotal, calculated MarTotal) as GrandTotal format=dollar10. An alternative way to code the grand total calculation is to use nested functions: sum(sum(January), sum(February), sum(March)) as GrandTotal format=dollar10. Creating a Summary Report Problem You have a table that contains detailed sales information. You want to produce a summary report from the detail table. Background Information There is one input table, called SALES, that contains detailed sales information. There is one record for each sale for the ﬁrst quarter that shows the site, product, invoice number, invoice amount, and invoice date. Output 6.15 Sample Input Table for Creating a Summary Report Sample Data to Create Summary Sales Report Invoice Site Product Invoice Amount InvoiceDate ------------------------------------------------------- V1009 VID010 V7679 598.5 980126 V1019 VID010 V7688 598.5 980126 V1032 VID005 V7771 1070 980309 V1043 VID014 V7780 1070 980309 V421 VID003 V7831 2000 980330 V421 VID010 V7832 750 980330 V570 VID003 V7762 2000 980302 V659 VID003 V7730 1000 980223 V783 VID003 V7815 750 980323 V985 VID003 V7733 2500 980223 V966 VID001 V5020 1167 980215 V98 VID003 V7750 2000 980223 You want to use this table to create a summary report that shows the sales for each product for each month of the quarter. Solution Use the following PROC SQL code to create a column for each month of the quarter, and use the summary function SUM in combination with the GROUP BY statement to accumulate the monthly sales for each product: Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
- Practical Problem-Solving with PROC SQL 4 How It Works 147 proc sql; title ’First Quarter Sales by Product’; select Product, sum(Jan) label=’Jan’, sum(Feb) label=’Feb’, sum(Mar) label=’Mar’ from (select Product, case when substr(InvoiceDate,3,2)=’01’ then InvoiceAmount end as Jan, case when substr(InvoiceDate,3,2)=’02’ then InvoiceAmount end as Feb, case when substr(InvoiceDate,3,2)=’03’ then InvoiceAmount end as Mar from work.sales) group by Product; Output 6.16 PROC SQL Output for a Summary Report First Quarter Sales by Product Product Jan Feb Mar -------------------------------------- VID001 . 1167 . VID003 . 5500 4750 VID005 . . 1070 VID010 1197 . 750 VID014 . . 1070 Note: Missing values in the matrix indicate that no sales occurred for that given product in that month. 4 How It Works This solution uses an in-line view to create three temporary columns, Jan, Feb, and Mar, based on the month part of the invoice date column. The in-line view is a query that 3 selects the product column 3 uses a CASE expression to assign the value of invoice amount to one of three columns, Jan, Feb, or Mar, depending upon the value of the month part of the invoice date column. case when substr(InvoiceDate,3,2)=’01’ then InvoiceAmount end as Jan, case when substr(InvoiceSate,3,2)=’02’ then InvoiceAmount end as Feb, Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
- 148 Creating a Customized Sort Order 4 Chapter 6 case when substr(InvoiceDate,3,2)=’03’ then InvoiceAmount end as Mar The ﬁrst, or outer, SELECT statement in the query 3 selects the product 3 uses the summary function SUM to accumulate the Jan, Feb, and Mar amounts 3 uses the GROUP BY statement to produce a line in the table for each product. Notice that dates are stored in the input table as strings. If the dates were stored as SAS dates, then the CASE expression could be written as follows: case when month(InvoiceDate)=1 then InvoiceAmount end as Jan, case when month(InvoiceDate)=2 then InvoiceAmount end as Feb, case when month(InvoiceDate)=3 then InvoiceAmount end as Mar Creating a Customized Sort Order Problem You want to sort data in a logical, but not alphabetical, sequence. Background Information There is one input table, called CHORES, that contains the following data: Output 6.17 Sample Input Data for a Customized Sort Garden Chores Project Hours Season ---------------------------- weeding 48 summer pruning 12 winter mowing 36 summer mulching 17 fall raking 24 fall raking 16 spring planting 8 spring planting 8 fall sweeping 3 winter edging 16 summer seeding 6 spring tilling 12 spring aerating 6 spring feeding 7 summer rolling 4 winter Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
- Practical Problem-Solving with PROC SQL 4 How It Works 149 You want to reorder this chore list so that all the chores are grouped by season, starting with spring and progressing through the year. Simply ordering by Season makes the list appear in alphabetical sequence: fall, spring, summer, winter. Solution Use the following PROC SQL code to create a new column, Sorter, that will have values of 1 through 4 for the seasons spring through winter. Use the new column to order the query, but do not select it to appear: options nodate nonumber linesize=80 pagesize=60; proc sql; title ’Garden Chores by Season in Logical Order’; select Project, Hours, Season from (select Project, Hours, Season, case when Season = ’spring’ then 1 when Season = ’summer’ then 2 when Season = ’fall’ then 3 when Season = ’winter’ then 4 else . end as Sorter from chores) order by Sorter; Output 6.18 PROC SQL Output for a Customized Sort Sequence Garden Chores by Season in Logical Order Project Hours Season ---------------------------- tilling 12 spring raking 16 spring planting 8 spring seeding 6 spring aerating 6 spring mowing 36 summer feeding 7 summer edging 16 summer weeding 48 summer raking 24 fall mulching 17 fall planting 8 fall rolling 4 winter pruning 12 winter sweeping 3 winter How It Works This solution uses an in-line view to create a temporary column that can be used as an ORDER BY column. The in-line view is a query that 3 selects the Project, Hours, and Season columns Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
- 150 Conditionally Updating a Table 4 Chapter 6 3 uses a CASE expression to remap the seasons to the new column Sorter: spring to 1, summer to 2, fall to 3, and winter to 4. (select project, hours, season, case when season = ’spring’ then 1 when season = ’summer’ then 2 when season = ’fall’ then 3 when season = ’winter’ then 4 else . end as sorter from chores) The ﬁrst, or outer, SELECT statement in the query 3 selects the Project, Hours and Season columns 3 orders rows by the values that were assigned to the seasons in the Sorter column that was created with the in-line view. Notice that the Sorter column is not included in the SELECT statement. That causes a note to be written to the log indicating that you have used a column in an ORDER BY statement that does not appear in the SELECT statement. In this case, that is exactly what you wanted to do. Conditionally Updating a Table Problem You want to update values in a column of a table, based on the values of several other columns in the table. Background Information There is one table, called INCENTIVES, that contains information on sales data. There is one record for each salesperson that includes a department code, a base pay rate, and sales of two products, gadgets and whatnots. Output 6.19 Sample Input Data to Conditionally Change a Table Sales Data for Incentives Program Name Department Payrate Gadgets Whatnots ------------------------------------------------------------ Lao Che M2 8 10193 1105 Jack Colton U2 6 9994 2710 Mickey Raymond M1 12 6103 1930 Dean Proffit M2 11 3000 1999 Antoinette Lily E1 20 2203 4610 Sydney Wade E2 15 4205 3010 Alan Traherne U2 4 5020 3000 Elizabeth Bennett E1 16 17003 3003 Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
- Practical Problem-Solving with PROC SQL 4 Solution 151 You want to update the table by increasing each salesperson’s payrate (based on the total sales of gadgets and whatnots) and taking into consideration some factors that are based on department code. Speciﬁcally, anyone who sells over 10,000 gadgets merits an extra $5 per hour. Anyone selling between 5,000 and 10,000 gadgets also merits an incentive pay, but E Department salespersons are expected to be better sellers than those in the other departments, so their gadget sales incentive is $2 per hour compared to $3 per hour for those in other departments. Good sales of whatnots also entitle sellers to added incentive pay. The algorithm for whatnot sales is that the top level (level 1 in each department) salespersons merit an extra $.50 per hour for whatnot sales over 2,000, and level 2 salespersons merit an extra $1 per hour for sales over 2,000. Solution Use the following PROC SQL code to create a new value for the Payrate column. Actually Payrate is updated twice for each row, once based on sales of gadgets, and again based on sales of whatnots: proc sql; update incentives set payrate = case when gadgets > 10000 then payrate + 5.00 when gadgets > 5000 then case when department in (’E1’, ’E2’) then payrate + 2.00 else payrate + 3.00 end else payrate end; update incentives set payrate = case when whatnots > 2000 then case when department in (’E2’, ’M2’, ’U2’) then payrate + 1.00 else payrate + 0.50 end else payrate end; title ’Adjusted Payrates Based on Sales of Gadgets and Whatnots’; select * from incentives; Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
- 152 How It Works 4 Chapter 6 Output 6.20 PROC SQL Output for Conditionally Updating a Table Adjusted Payrates Based on Sales of Gadgets and Whatnots Name Department Payrate Gadgets Whatnots ------------------------------------------------------------ Lao Che M2 13 10193 1105 Jack Colton U2 10 9994 2710 Mickey Raymond M1 15 6103 1930 Dean Proffit M2 11 3000 1999 Antoinette Lily E1 20.5 2203 4610 Sydney Wade E2 16 4205 3010 Alan Traherne U2 8 5020 3000 Elizabeth Bennett E1 21.5 17003 3003 How It Works This solution performs consecutive updates to the payrate column of the incentive table. The ﬁrst update uses a nested case expression, ﬁrst determining a bracket that is based on the amount of gadget sales: greater than 10,000 calls for an incentive of $5, between 5,000 and 10,000 requires an additional comparison. That is accomplished with a nested case expression that checks department code to choose between a $2 and $3 incentive. update incentives set payrate = case when gadgets > 10000 then payrate + 5.00 when gadgets > 5000 then case when department in (’E1’, ’E2’) then payrate + 2.00 else payrate + 3.00 end else payrate end; The second update is similar, though simpler. All sales of whatnots over 2,000 merit an incentive, either $.50 or $1 depending on the department level, that again is accomplished by means of a nested case expression. update incentives set payrate = case when whatnots > 2000 then case when department in (’E2’, ’M2’, ’U2’) then payrate + 1.00 else payrate + 0.50 end else payrate end; Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
- Practical Problem-Solving with PROC SQL 4 Solution 153 Updating a Table with Values from Another Table Problem You want to update the SQL.UNITEDSTATES table with updated population data. Background Information The SQL.NEWPOP table contains updated population data for some of the U.S. states. Output 6.21 Table with Updated Population Data Updated U.S. Population Data state Population ----------------------------------------------- Texas 20,851,820 Georgia 8,186,453 Washington 5,894,121 Arizona 5,130,632 Alabama 4,447,100 Oklahoma 3,450,654 Connecticut 3,405,565 Iowa 2,926,324 West Virginia 1,808,344 Idaho 1,293,953 Maine 1,274,923 New Hampshire 1,235,786 North Dakota 642,200 Alaska 626,932 Solution Use the following PROC SQL code to update the population information for each state in the SQL.UNITEDSTATES table: proc sql; title ’UNITEDSTATES’; update sql.unitedstates as u set population=(select population from sql.newpop as n where u.name=n.state) where u.name in (select state from sql.newpop); select Name format=$17., Capital format=$15., Population, Area, Continent format=$13., Statehood format=date9. from sql.unitedstates; Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
- 154 How It Works 4 Chapter 6 Output 6.22 SQL.UNITEDSTATES with Updated Population Data (Partial Output) UNITEDSTATES Name Capital Population Area Continent Statehood ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Alabama Montgomery 4447100 52423 North America 14DEC1819 Alaska Juneau 626932 656400 North America 03JAN1959 Arizona Phoenix 5130632 114000 North America 14FEB1912 Arkansas Little Rock 2447996 53200 North America 15JUN1836 California Sacramento 31518948 163700 North America 09SEP1850 Colorado Denver 3601298 104100 North America 01AUG1876 Connecticut Hartford 3405565 5500 North America 09JAN1788 Delaware Dover 707232 2500 North America 07DEC1787 District of Colum Washington 612907 100 North America 21FEB1871 Florida Tallahassee 13814408 65800 North America 03MAR1845 How It Works The UPDATE statement updates values in the SQL.UNITEDSTATES table (here with the alias U). For each row in the SQL.UNITEDSTATES table, the in-line view in the SET clause returns a single value. For rows that have a corresponding row in SQL.NEWPOP, this value is the value of the Population column from SQL.NEWPOP. For rows that do not have a corresponding row in SQL.NEWPOP, this value is missing. In both cases, the returned value is assigned to the Population column. The WHERE clause ensures that only the rows in SQL.UNITEDSTATES that have a corresponding row in SQL.NEWPOP are updated, by checking each value of Name against the list of state names that is returned from the in-line view. Without the WHERE clause, rows that do not have a corresponding row in SQL.NEWPOP would have their Population values updated to missing. Creating and Using Macro Variables Problem You want to create a separate data set for each unique value of a column. Background Information The SQL.FEATURES data set contains information on various geographical features around the world. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
- Practical Problem-Solving with PROC SQL 4 Solution 155 Output 6.23 FEATURES (Partial Output) FEATURES Name Type Location Area Height Depth Length ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Aconcagua Mountain Argentina . 22834 . . Amazon River South America . . . 4000 Amur River Asia . . . 2700 Andaman Sea 218100 . 3667 . Angel Falls Waterfall Venezuela . 3212 . . Annapurna Mountain Nepal . 26504 . . Aral Sea Lake Asia 25300 . 222 . Ararat Mountain Turkey . 16804 . . Arctic Ocean 5105700 . 17880 . Atlantic Ocean 33420000 . 28374 . Solution To create a separate data set for each type of feature, you could go through the data set manually to determine all the unique values of Type, and then write a separate DATA step for each type (or a single DATA step with multiple OUTPUT statements). This approach is labor-intensive, error-prone, and impractical for large data sets. The following PROC SQL code counts the unique values of Type and puts each value in a separate macro variable. The SAS macro that follows the PROC SQL code uses these macro variables to create a SAS data set for each value. You do not need to know beforehand how many unique values there are or what the values are. proc sql noprint; select count(distinct type) into :n from sql.features; select distinct type into :type1 - :type%left(&n) from sql.features; quit; %macro makeds; %do i=1 %to &n; data &&type&i (drop=type); set sql.features; if type="&&type&i"; run; %end; %mend makeds; %makeds; Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
- 156 Solution 4 Chapter 6 Output 6.24 Log 240 proc sql noprint; 241 select count(distinct type) 242 into :n 243 from sql.features; 244 select distinct type 245 into :type1 - :type%left(&n) 246 from sql.features; 247 quit; NOTE: PROCEDURE SQL used (Total process time): real time 0.04 seconds cpu time 0.03 seconds 248 249 %macro makeds; 250 %do i=1 %to &n; 251 data &&type&i (drop=type); 252 set sql.features; 253 if type="&&type&i"; 254 run; 255 %end; 256 %mend makeds; 257 %makeds; NOTE: There were 74 observations read from the data set SQL.FEATURES. NOTE: The data set WORK.DESERT has 7 observations and 6 variables. NOTE: DATA statement used (Total process time): real time 1.14 seconds cpu time 0.41 seconds NOTE: There were 74 observations read from the data set SQL.FEATURES. NOTE: The data set WORK.ISLAND has 6 observations and 6 variables. NOTE: DATA statement used (Total process time): real time 0.02 seconds cpu time 0.00 seconds NOTE: There were 74 observations read from the data set SQL.FEATURES. NOTE: The data set WORK.LAKE has 10 observations and 6 variables. NOTE: DATA statement used (Total process time): real time 0.01 seconds cpu time 0.01 seconds NOTE: There were 74 observations read from the data set SQL.FEATURES. NOTE: The data set WORK.MOUNTAIN has 18 observations and 6 variables. NOTE: DATA statement used (Total process time): real time 0.02 seconds cpu time 0.01 seconds NOTE: There were 74 observations read from the data set SQL.FEATURES. NOTE: The data set WORK.OCEAN has 4 observations and 6 variables. NOTE: DATA statement used (Total process time): real time 0.01 seconds cpu time 0.01 seconds NOTE: There were 74 observations read from the data set SQL.FEATURES. NOTE: The data set WORK.RIVER has 12 observations and 6 variables. NOTE: DATA statement used (Total process time): real time 0.02 seconds cpu time 0.02 seconds NOTE: There were 74 observations read from the data set SQL.FEATURES. NOTE: The data set WORK.SEA has 13 observations and 6 variables. NOTE: DATA statement used (Total process time): real time 0.03 seconds cpu time 0.02 seconds NOTE: There were 74 observations read from the data set SQL.FEATURES. NOTE: The data set WORK.WATERFALL has 4 observations and 6 variables. NOTE: DATA statement used (Total process time): real time 0.02 seconds cpu time 0.02 seconds Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
- Practical Problem-Solving with PROC SQL 4 Solution 157 How It Works This solution uses the INTO clause to store values in macro variables. The ﬁrst SELECT statement counts the unique variables and stores the result in macro variable N. The second SELECT statement creates a range of macro variables, one for each unique value, and stores each unique value in one of the macro variables. Note the use of the %LEFT function, which trims leading blanks from the value of the N macro variable. The MAKEDS macro uses all the macro variables that were created in the PROC SQL step. The macro uses a %DO loop to execute a DATA step for each unique value, writing rows that contain a given value of Type to a SAS data set of the same name. The Type variable is dropped from the output data sets. For more information about SAS macros, see SAS Macro Language: Reference. Using PROC SQL Tables in Other SAS Procedures Problem You want to show the average high temperatures in degrees Celsius for European countries on a map. Background Information The SQL.WORLDTEMPS table has average high and low temperatures for various cities around the world. Output 6.25 WORLDTEMPS (Partial Output) WORLDTEMPS City Country AvgHigh AvgLow ------------------------------------------------------- Algiers Algeria 90 45 Amsterdam Netherlands 70 33 Athens Greece 89 41 Auckland New Zealand 75 44 Bangkok Thailand 95 69 Beijing China 86 17 Belgrade Yugoslavia 80 29 Berlin Germany 75 25 Bogota Colombia 69 43 Bombay India 90 68 Solution Use the following PROC SQL and PROC GMAP code to produce the map. You must license SAS/GRAPH software to use PROC GMAP. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
- 158 Solution 4 Chapter 6 options fmtsearch=(sashelp.mapfmts); proc sql; create table extremetemps as select country, round((mean(avgHigh)-32)/1.8) as High, input(put(country,$glcsmn.), best.) as ID from sql.worldtemps where calculated id is not missing and country in (select name from sql.countries where continent=’Europe’) group by country; quit; proc gmap map=maps.europe data=extremetemps all; id id; block high / levels=3; title ’Average High Temperatures for European Countries’; title2 ’Degrees Celsius’ run; quit; Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
- Practical Problem-Solving with PROC SQL 4 How It Works 159 Figure 6.1 PROC GMAP Output How It Works The SAS system option FMTSEARCH= tells SAS to search in the SASHELP.MAPFMTS catalog for map-related formats. In the PROC SQL step, a temporary table is created with Country, High, and ID columns. The calculation round((mean(avgHigh)-32)/1.8) does the following: Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
- 160 How It Works 4 Chapter 6 1 For countries that are represented by more than one city, the mean of the cities’ average high temperatures is used for that country. 2 That value is converted from degrees Fahrenheit to degrees Celsius. 3 The result is rounded to the nearest degree. The PUT function uses the $GLCSMN. format to convert the country name to a country code. The INPUT function converts this country code, which is returned by the PUT function as a character value, into a numeric value that can be understood by the GMAP procedure. See SAS Language Reference: Dictionary for details about the PUT and INPUT functions. The WHERE clause limits the output to European countries by checking the value of the Country column against the list of European countries that is returned by the in-line view. Also, rows with missing values of ID are eliminated. Missing ID values could be produced if the $GLCSMN. format does not recognize the country name. The GROUP BY clause is required so that the mean temperature can be calculated for each country rather than for the entire table. The PROC GMAP step uses the ID variable to identify each country and places a block representing the High value on each country on the map. The ALL option ensures that countries (such as the United Kingdom in this example) that do not have High values are also drawn on the map. In the BLOCK statement, the LEVELS= option speciﬁes how many response levels are used in the graph. For more information about the GMAP procedure, see SAS/GRAPH Reference, Volumes 1 and 2. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
- 161 APPENDIX 1 Recommended Reading Recommended Reading 161 Recommended Reading Here is the recommended reading list for this title: 3 Base SAS Procedures Guide 3 Cody’s Data Cleaning Techniques Using SAS Software 3 Combining and Modifying SAS Data Sets: Examples 3 SAS/GRAPH Reference, Volumes 1 and 2 3 SAS Language Reference: Concepts 3 SAS Language Reference: Dictionary 3 SAS Macro Language: Reference For a complete list of SAS publications, see the current SAS Publishing Catalog. To order the most current publications or to receive a free copy of the catalog, contact a SAS representative at SAS Publishing Sales SAS Campus Drive Cary, NC 27513 Telephone: (800) 727-3228* Fax: (919) 677-8166 E-mail: sasbook@sas.com Web address: support.sas.com/publishing * For other SAS Institute business, call (919) 677-8000. Customers outside the United States should contact their local SAS ofﬁce. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
- 162 Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
- 163 Glossary calculated column in a query, a column that does not exist in any of the tables that are being queried, but which is created as a result of a column expression. Cartesian product a type of join that matches each row from each joined table to each row from all other joined tables. See cross join, join. column in relational databases, a vertical component of a table. Each column has a unique name, contains data of a speciﬁc type, and has certain attributes. A column is analogous to a variable in SAS terminology. column alias a temporary, alternate name for a column in the SQL procedure. Aliases are optionally speciﬁed in the SELECT clause to name or rename columns. An alias is one word. See also column. column expression a set of operators and operands that, when evaluated, results in a single data value. The resulting data value can be either a character value or a numeric value. composite index an index that locates observations in a SAS data set by the values of two or more key variables. See also index, simple index. condition in PROC SQL, the part of the WHERE clause that contains the search criteria. In the condition, you specify which rows are to be retrieved. cross join a type of join that returns the product of joined tables. A cross join is functionally the same as a Cartesian product. See Cartesian product, join. distinct a keyword that causes the SQL procedure to remove duplicate rows from the output. equijoin a kind of join in the SQL procedure. When two tables are joined, for example, the value of a column in the ﬁrst table must equal the value of the column in the second table in an SQL expression. See also join. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
- 164 Glossary group in the SQL procedure, a set of rows that all have the same combination of values for the columns that are speciﬁed in a GROUP BY clause. in-line view a query-expression that is nested in the SQL procedure’s FROM clause. It can take a table alias but cannot be named permanently. It can be referenced only in the query (or statement) in which it is deﬁned. index in SAS software, a component of a SAS data set that contains the data values of a key variable or variables, paired with a location identiﬁer for the observation that contains the value. The value/identiﬁer pairs are ordered in a structure that enables SAS to search by a value of a variable. See also composite index, simple index. inner join See join. integrity constraints a set of data validation rules that you can specify in order to restrict the data values that can be stored for a variable in a SAS data ﬁle. Integrity constraints help you preserve the validity and consistency of your data. join to combine data from two or more tables into a single result table. join in the SQL procedure, the combination of data from two or more tables (or from two or more SAS data views) to produce a single result table. A conventional join, which is often called an inner join, returns a result table for all the rows in one table that have one or more matching rows in the other table(s), as speciﬁed by the sql- expression. See also outer join. join criteria The set of parameters that determine how tables are to be joined. Join criteria are usually speciﬁed in a WHERE expression or in an SQL ON clause. See also join, outer join, inner join. missing value in SAS, a term that describes the contents of a variable that contains no data for a particular row or observation. By default, SAS prints or displays a missing numeric value as a single period, and it prints or displays a missing character value as a blank space. In the SQL procedure, a missing value is equivalent to an SQL NULL value. natural join a type of join that returns selected rows from tables in which one or more columns in each table has the same name and the same data type and contains the same value. See join. outer join in the SQL procedure, an inner join that is augmented with rows that do not match with any row from the other table(s) in the join. Outer joins are of three kinds: left, right, and full. See also join. PROC SQL view a SAS data set (of type VIEW) that is created by the SQL procedure. A PROC SQL view contains no data. Instead, it stores information that enables it to read data values from other ﬁles, which can include SAS data ﬁles, SAS/ACCESS views, DATA step views, or other PROC SQL views. A PROC SQL view’s output can be either a subset or a superset of one or more ﬁles. See also view. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
- Glossary 165 query a set of instructions that requests particular information from one or more data sources. query-expression (query) in PROC SQL, one or more table-expressions that can be linked with set operators. The primary purpose of a query-expression is to retrieve data from tables, PROC SQL views, or SAS/ACCESS views. In PROC SQL, the SELECT statement is contained in a query-expression. row in relational database management systems, the horizontal component of a table. It is analogous to a SAS observation. SAS data ﬁle a SAS data set that contains data values as well as descriptor information that is associated with the data. The descriptor information includes information such as the data types and lengths of the variables, as well as which engine was used to create the data. A PROC SQL table is a SAS data ﬁle. SAS data ﬁles are of member type DATA. See also SAS data set, SAS data view. SAS data set a ﬁle whose contents are in one of the native SAS ﬁle formats. There are two types of SAS data sets: SAS data ﬁles and SAS data views. SAS data ﬁles contain data values in addition to descriptor information that is associated with the data. SAS data views contain only the descriptor information plus other information that is required for retrieving data values from other SAS data sets or from ﬁles whose contents are in other software vendors’ ﬁle formats. SAS data view a type of SAS data set that retrieves data values from other ﬁles. A SAS data view contains only descriptor information such as the data types and lengths of the variables (columns), plus other information that is required for retrieving data values from other SAS data sets or from ﬁles that are stored in other software vendors’ ﬁle formats. SAS data views are of member type VIEW. See also SAS data set. simple index an index that uses the values of only one variable to locate observations. See also composite index, index. SQL (Structured Query Language) a standardized, high-level query language that is used in relational database management systems to create and manipulate database management system objects. SAS implements SQL through the SQL procedure. Structured Query Language See SQL (Structured Query Language). table in the SQL procedure, a SAS data ﬁle. See also SAS data ﬁle. union join a type of join that returns all rows with their respective values from each input table. Columns that do not exist in one table will have null (missing) values for those rows in the result table. See join. view a deﬁnition of a virtual data set. The deﬁnition is named and stored for later use. A view contains no data; it merely describes or deﬁnes data that is stored elsewhere. SAS data views can be created by the ACCESS and SQL procedures. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
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# Thủ Thuật Windows Office part 38
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Thủ Thuật Windows Office part 38
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Nội dung Text: Thủ Thuật Windows Office part 38
- thiết lập cũ sang PC mới chứ không phải là toàn bộ ứng dụng (bạn nên sử dụng tuỳ chọn này), hãy cài đặt các ứng dụng trên PC mới trước. Hãy nán lại vài phút để xem cả 2 PC đều đã hoạt động và thực sự sẵn sàng cho chuyển dời dữ liệu hay chưa. Một ý kiến hay là cập nhật Windows tất cả các bản vá lỗi mới nhất sử dụng Windows Update hoặc truy cập vào trang www.windowsupdate.com. Cập nhật các chương trình chống virus, các phần mềm chống gián điệp và quét toàn bộ cả 2 máy để đảm bảo chúng đều sạch sẽ và không chứa bất cứ mối nguy hiểm nào. Sau khi đã quét xong toàn bộ, hãy tạm thời tắt bỏ các ứng dụng thời gian thực như và cả phần mềm tường lửa, bởi chúng có thể làm gián đoạn tới quá trình chuyển dời dữ liệu. Kết nối Internet cũng nên ngắt tạm thời. Sử dụng các công cụ di chuyển Sử dụng FAST FAST (Windows Files and Settings Transfer Wizard) là chương trình chỉ có khả năng di chuyển các thiết lập người dùng Windows, Internet Explorer, Outlook, Outlook Express... không cho phép chuyển dời các ứng dụng, và có rất ít lựa chọn và không có khả năng undo hoặc khả năng báo cáo chi tiết. Nhưng vì đây là phần mềm đi kèm với Windows XP nên rất tiện lợi và không phải tốn chi phí đầu tư. FAST có thểchạy bằng 2 cách: Cách thứ nhất bạn chỉ cần đưa đĩa CD Windows XP vào ổ và chọn Perform Additional Tasks, tiếp đó chọn Transfer Files and Settings. Cách thứ hai: Start -> All Programs -> Accessories -> System Tools -> Windows Files and Settings Transfer Wizard. FAST thực sự là một đồ thuật đơn giản, chỉ với một vài bước lựa chọn thư mục và các tập tin, thiết lập cấu hình... dữ liệu sẽ được di chuyển tới máy PC mới. FAST đơn giản, không có nhiều tính năng cao cấp, nếu muốn biết thông tin chi tiết, nhiều lựa chọn hơn thì hãy sử dụng công cụ như Desktop DNA, Alohabob Sử dụng Desktop DNA Desktop DNA của Computer Associates chỉ cho phép chuyển dời các thiết lập và cấu hình sẵn có chứ không phải là các ứng dụng, Desktop DNA cho phép truyền dữ liệu trực tiếp hoặc gián tiếp. Cũng giống như FAST,Desktop DNA di dời các thiết lập theo thời gian thực, diễn ra khá nhanh chóng và đơn giản.
- Desktop DNA có khả năng chuyển dời gián tiếp, đây là sự thay thế tiện lợi nếu bạn không thể sử dụng 2 máy tính đồng thời. Chương trình tạo ra một tập tin thực thi được (.exe) từ hệ thống cũ và bạn có thể sao chép chúng tới hệ thống mới bằng bất cứ phương tiện lưu trữ khác. Khi nào cần thực hiện cài đặt thiết lập, chỉ cần chạy tập tin này là hoàn thành. Desktop DNA cung cấp lựa chọn các thiết lập và khả năng undo mạnh mẽ mà FAST không có. Sử dụng Alohabob Pc Relocator Alohabob PC Relocator 2005 Ultra Control Edition làm việc không những "ổn" như Desktop DNA mà còn có thể di chuyển rất nhiều ứng dụng. Hãy cài đặt phần mềm này trên cả máy tính cũ và mới, và thực hiện một số bước hướng dẫn cài đặt đơn giản. Nếu cả 2 máy tính này đều nối mạng thì quá trình di chuyển này thực sự rất đơn giản. Bạn chỉ cần chọn máy nguồn (source) và máy đích (target), lựa chọn chế độ truyền tự động (automatic), hãy xem xét và chấp nhận đề nghị mà chương trình đưa ra, thực hiện những bước mà phần mềm yêu cầu. Là mẫu người thích khám phá, bạn có thể lựa chọn chế độ chuẩn (Standard) hoặc chuyên gia (expert), để lựa chọn bằng tay các kiểu tập tin, thư mục, các thiết lập... hoặc các ứng dụng mà chương trình hỗ trợ. Trong chế độ chuyên gia, bạn có thể chuyển đổi toàn bộ ứng dụng tới đĩa cứng mới. Nếu gặp lỗi, PC Relocator có chức năng undo để có thể quay về các trạng thái ban đầu. Sau khi di chuyển dữ liệu thành công Khi hoàn thành quá trình chuyển đổi, hãy kiểm lại PC mới để đảm bảo chắc chắn quá trình di dời diễn ra tốt đẹp, đúng như mong đợi. Mặc dù các công cụ di dời thực sự đem lại khả năng di chuyển dữ liệu, ứng dụng hữu ích và đơn giản, nhưng các chương trình này không phải là những "chiếc đũa thần" hoàn hảo. Một số lỗi nhỏ có thể sẽ xuất hiện, nhưng dẫu sao những phần mềm này cũng là lựa chọn tốt cho nhu cầu của bạn. Phá password CMOS bằng cách nào ? Cài password CMOS được xem là một trong những biện pháp khá hữu hiệu để bảo mật máy tính. Phá password CMOS là một điều hết sức khó khăn
- nhưng không phải là không thể làm được. Tuy nhiên để thực hiện thành công cũng đòi hỏi bạn phải có một “tay nghề” nhất định. Có một vài cách để phá password CMOS như: thay chip BIOS, ngắt mạch chip BIOS, sử dụng jumper, tháo pin trên mainboard, phá password CMOS bằng một số lệnh, nhập vào các password mặc định của nhà sản xuất… nhưng đối với giới tin học “bình dân học vụ” như chúng ta thì may ra có 2 phương pháp sau là tạm có thể áp dụng được. 1. Nhập vào các password chuẩn của BIOS do nhà sản xuất đã mặc định sẵn. - Đối với loại Award BIOS thì ta có thể nhập vào các password mặc định sau để thử bẻ khóa password đã đặt trước đó: AWARD SW, AWARD_SW, Award SW, AWARD PW, _award, awkward, J64, j256, j262, j332, j322, 01322222, 589589, 589721, 595595, 598598, HLT, SER, SKY_FOX, aLLy, aLLY, Condo, CONCAT, TTPTHA, aPAf, HLT, KDD, ZBAAACA, ZAAADA, ZJAAADC, djonet. - Đối với loại Ami BIOS thì dùng: AMI, A.M.I., AMI SW, AMI_SW, BIOS, PASSWORD, HEWITT RAND, Oder. - Một số password dùng chung cho Ami, Award và một số BIOS khác có thể thử như: LKWPETER, lkwpeter, BIOSTAR, biostar, BIOSSTAR, biosstar, ALFAROME, Syxz, Wodj. Nhưng thực ra phương pháp này cũng không hiệu quả lắm vì ngoài những nhãn hiệu Award, Ami… thì còn hàng chục nhãn hiệu BIOS khác mà hầu như ta không thể biết được các password mặc định là gì. 2. Phá password CMOS bằng phần mềm chuyên dùng hoặc câu lệnh ở môi trường DOS: Nếu bạn được phép sử dụng một máy tính đang được cài password CMOS thì bạn có thể dùng một số lệnh DEBUG chạy trong môi trường DOS để phá password. Đây là những lệnh có thể làm mất hiệu lực bộ nhớ BIOS, giúp cho nó trở về trạng thái nguyên thuỷ, tức trước khi bị cài password. Nhưng thực chất việc này cũng hết sức khó khăn vì không phải lúc nào cũng có thể vào được môi trường DEBUG.
- Một cách hiệu quả hơn là bạn vào địa chỉ http://www.cgsecurity.org/cmospwd- 4.8.zip để tải về công cụ mang tên “Cmos Password Recovery Tools 4.8” -> Giải nén file này -> Tìm đến thư mục Windows -> Kích hoạt file cmospwd_win.exe để file này tự động xóa đi bộ nhớ BIOS hiện tại. Nếu may mắn thì lần khởi động sau sẽ không password BIOS nữa. Để “chắc ăn”, bạn nên vào thư mục “DOS” và kích hoạt file cmospwd.exe để thử lại một lần nữa. 3. Tháo hẳn cục pin mainboard để xóa hoàn toàn bộ nhớ BIOS. Đây là thao tác tác động vào phần cứng để xóa hoàn toàn bộ nhớ BIOS được xem là hiệu quả nhất, nếu “gan” một chút thì ai cũng có thể làm được. Ban đầu bạn phải tháo thùng máy ra -> Quan sát thật kỹ trên bản mạch máy tính để tìm ra một viên pin có đường kính cỡ như một đồng xu 200 đồng được gắn trong một ô hình tròn vừa khít với viên pin. Tìm được viên pin này thực ra cũng không khó lắm -> Quan sát kỹ và tháo viên pin ra bằng cách bấm vào cái “jumper” như hình minh họa -> Lấy pin ra và chờ khoảng 30 phút cho “chắc ăn”, tức đảm bảo cho mọi dữ liệu lưu trong BIOS sẽ “bay hơi” hết -> sau đó gắn vào đúng như hình minh họa. Khi khởi động lại máy tính thì BIOS sẽ tự động trả về mọi thứ đúng như mặc định ban đầu và dĩ nhiên password cũng sẽ biến mất. Đảm bảo rằng đa số trường hợp tháo pin ra đều thành công còn nếu khi gắn pin vào mà password vẫn còn nguyên thì bạn lại phải tháo ra và chờ đợi thời gian “bay hơi” lâu hơn nữa, có thể là cả ngày. Bạn làm gì khi không vào XP được nữa? Đây là một tình huống thường gặp nhất cho mọi bạn thích vọc máy, hay cài phần mềm mới, cài game chép từ bạn bè từ đĩa mềm có virus. Bao gi, ờ bạn cũng nên chuẩn bị sẵn mọi thứ cho thật tốt cho tình huống xấu nhất này. Không biết làm gì hay chưa chuẩn bị sẵn cho chuyện ấy ư ? Chỉ còn một cách duy nhất nhờ bạn bè rành vi tính hay mang đến tiệm cục CPU tổ chảng giúp mình ư? Nhưng rồi lỡ họ lại quá bận thì sao, làm thế nào bạn làm việc bình thường ngay đây ? Bạn khao khát tự mình giải quyết sự cố ấy ư? Chỉ cần 1 tí kinh nghiệm và một ít tinh thần chuẩn bị thật tốt là bao cho bạn chỉ cần từ 1-3 phút sau là máy tính của bạn chở vào lại windows dễ dàng như trước thôi. Phải chuẩn bị những thứ gì cho
- tình huống tệ hại này đây? I) Chuẩn bị vài công cụ cứu hộ sẵn dành có ngay khi trục trặc dùng được ngay: 1) Đĩa mềm auto bootable ( tự khởi động ) : Tải file boot98.rar từ Mega là http://www.megaupload.com/?d=UO45ZFK0 . Trích xuất bằngWinRAR 351, ra file boot98.IMA. Dùng Winimage 80 open, đọc file boot98.IMA sau đó chọn Write to A. Chép vào đĩa mềm các file, giúp nó có tính auto boot. 2) 2) Đĩa Hiren boot CD 7.x ( mới là 79 ) tích hợp ngay cùng với các phần mềm, bán nhiều ở Tôn thấtTùng, Bùi Thị Xuân TP HCM. 3) Cây viết Flash Drive có tính autoboot to DOS bằng HP tools, có chứa sẳn file sysXPfat.com và bootpart.exe . ( Xem lại bài làm cho cây viết USB khởi động được vào DOS) 4) XP của bạn có sẵn DOS thực( xem lại bài Cài Hiren 79 vào ổ cứng để biết cách tạo thêm DOS thực cho XP). Nhớ trong ổ C cũng lưu sẵn 2 files dành cứu hộ là SysXPfat.com và bootpart.exe II) Có sẵn đồ nghề, không vào được XP bạn vẫn phục hồi lại dễ dàng bằng một trong các cách sau đây: Tuỳ theo bạn đã có sẵn dụng cụ cứu hộ loại nào, phải cho nó là phần boot đầu tiên tiên trước ổ cứng Máy vừa mới khởi động vài giây, ấn ngay nút delete( hay nút khác tuỳ máy ) để vào BIOS( CMOS ) chọn lại boot 1st device( dụng cụ boot đầu tiên ). Tuỳ ý mình là đĩa mềm( Flopy disk ), hoặc CD_ROM, hoặc USB-HDD;save lại cấu hình mới chọn. Exit và reboot máy lại . 1) Cứu hộ bằng đĩa mềm: đút đĩa mềm vào ổ làm bằng boot 98IMA, cho boot đi đến dấu nhắc A:\> a) Đánh lệnh từ đây sysXPfat C: Khi thấy dòng chữ thành công Successful và Congratulations là tốt rồi; cần reboot máy lại là xong, bạn sẽ vào WinXP lại tốt thôi. b) Có thể thất bại trong 30o/o , bạn lại để đĩa mềm vào, đánh bootpart winnt boot: C: Reboot máy, cũng vào được XP lại như cũ.
- 2) Bằng đĩa CD XP cài đặt: hản hữu lắm, bạn mới cần đến đĩa XP cài đặt này, chọn vào repair thay vì install và đánh lệnh F:\I386\winn32.exe /cmdcoms để vào phần Recovery console . ( F là tên ổ CDROM có đĩa CD XP ). Đánh lệnh Fixboot C: để chỉnh lại phần boot của C ; vào XP được trở lại như cũ. 3) Nếu C bạn đã có DOS thực, cũng thử cứu hộ bằng 1 trong 2 lệnh sau SysXPfat C: hoặc bootpart winnt boot: C:
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# Thủ tục Hoàn thuế GTGT đối với trường hợp hàng hoá xuất khẩu
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Thủ tục Hoàn thuế GTGT đối với trường hợp hàng hoá xuất khẩu
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Thủ tục Hoàn thuế GTGT đối với trường hợp hàng hoá xuất khẩu , thủ tục hành chính, thủ tục cục thuế tỉnh
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# Daonh nghiệp
**Daonh nghiệp**
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Tài liệu về giáo trình tài chính daonh nghiêp - Quản lý nguồn vốn tài chính doanh nghiệp...
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Trong các doanh nghiệp, để quản lý tài sản và quá trình hoạt động sản xuất kinh daonh cần phải sử dụng hàng loạt các công cụ quản lý khác nhau. Kế toán ở doanh nghiệp chức năng thu nhận, xử lý, hệ thống hoá thông tin về toàn bộ hoạt động kinh tế tài chính phát sinh ở doanh nghiệp nhằm cung cấp những thông tin cần thiết phục vụ công tác quản lý kinh tế tài chính vĩ mô
77p
thanh_trieu
25-12-2009
407
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[Vai trò tiền mặt nóng tại các daonh nghiệp kinh doanh mặt hàng liên quan đến các nguồn nguyên liệu tự nhiên](http://tailieu.vn/doc/vai-tro-tien-mat-nong-tai-cac-daonh-nghiep-kinh-doanh-mat-hang-lien-quan-den-cac-nguon-nguyen-lieu-t-811696.html)
Tham khảo luận văn - đề án 'vai trò tiền mặt nóng tại các daonh nghiệp kinh doanh mặt hàng liên quan đến các nguồn nguyên liệu tự nhiên', luận văn - báo cáo phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả
41p
ttcao9
30-08-2011
56
13
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Tham khảo luận văn - đề án 'luận văn: căn cứ vào lọai hình daonh nghiệp để đưa ra kế hoạch sử dụng vốn hiệu qủa và phù hợp', luận văn - báo cáo, kinh tế - thương mại phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả
52p
muaythai7
30-08-2011
33
11
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[Khóa luận tốt nghiệp: Ứng dụng giải pháp trí tuệ doanh nghiệp vào hoạt động kinh doanh: Thách thức, triển vọng, và một số khuyến nghị cho các doanh nghiệp Việt Nam](http://tailieu.vn/doc/khoa-luan-tot-nghiep-ung-dung-giai-phap-tri-tue-doanh-nghiep-vao-hoat-dong-kinh-doanh-thach-thuc--1682188.html)
Khóa luận tốt nghiệp: Ứng dụng giải pháp trí tuệ doanh nghiệp vào hoạt động kinh doanh: Thách thức, triển vọng, và một số khuyến nghị cho các doanh nghiệp Việt Nam nêu tổng quan về giải pháp trí tuệ daonh nghiệp. Thách thức và triển vọng đối với các doanh nghiệp Việt nam trong việc ứng dụng giải pháp trí tuệ doanh nghiệp và hoạt động kinh doanh.
104p
pink_12
26-05-2014
39
8
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[Để cạnh tranh xuất nhập khẩu hiệu quả daonh nghiệp cần nhận được những đảm bảo về tài chính vững chắc](http://tailieu.vn/doc/de-canh-tranh-xuat-nhap-khau-hieu-qua-daonh-nghiep-can-nhan-duoc-nhung-dam-bao-ve-tai-chinh-vung-cha-811716.html)
Tham khảo luận văn - đề án 'để cạnh tranh xuất nhập khẩu hiệu quả daonh nghiệp cần nhận được những đảm bảo về tài chính vững chắc', luận văn - báo cáo phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả
75p
ttcao9
30-08-2011
25
7
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[Luận văn: Hạch toán chi phí sản xuất và tính giá thành sản phẩm tại công ty xây dựng và thương mại Bắc Nam](http://tailieu.vn/doc/luan-van-hach-toan-chi-phi-san-xuat-va-tinh-gia-thanh-san-pham-tai-cong-ty-xay-dung-va-thuong-mai-b-1096193.html)
Bất kỳ một doanh nghiệp nào cũng muốn tối đa hóa lợi nhuận giảm chi phí và hạ giá thành sản phẩm, tăng tính cạnh tranh cho daonh nghiệp. Để giải quyết vấn đề nêu trên, một trong những công cụ đắc lực mà mỗi doanh nghiệp xây lắp nói chung và công ty xây dựng Bắc Nam nói riêng cần có thông tin về chi phí sản xuất và giá thành sản phẩm.
71p
antigone89
06-02-2012
235
122
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Tham khảo tài liệu 'phân tích đầu tư trái phiếu phần i', tài chính - ngân hàng, tài chính doanh nghiệp phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả
0p
maybay_thaboom
02-07-2010
245
120
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Trong thời đại ngày nay, việc toàn cầu hóa nền kinh tế đang diễn ra rất nhanh. Thông tin là 1 công cụ chiến lược của mọi nhà kinh doanh khắp nơi trên thế giới, nhà kinh daonh cần phải có các thông tin như: thông tin thị trường , ...thông tin về giá cả các yếu tố sản xuất.
28p
haxuanlinh9x
17-04-2010
221
74
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[Luận văn: " Hoàn thiện chiến lược Maketing cho sản phẩm trà xanh o độ của công ty TNHH TM-DV Tân Hiệp Phát"](http://tailieu.vn/doc/luan-van-hoan-thien-chien-luoc-maketing-cho-san-pham-tra-xanh-o-do-cua-cong-ty-tnhh-tm-dv-tan-hie-1406365.html)
Trong nên kinh tế thị trường, maketing là một hoạt động rất quan trọng có tính chất quyết định với việc tiêu thu sản phẩm của doanh nghiệp , nó đảm bảo lợi nhuận có thể có của daonh nghiệp khi tham gia vào quá trình kinh doanh trên thị trường, là cầu nối giữa sản xuất và tiêu dùng, tạo ra những cơ hội tốt nhất để tiêu thụ tốt nhất sản phẩm của doanh nghiệp.
48p
thphwin
09-04-2013
121
72
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Khóa luận tốt nghiệp: Những tình huống bán hàng đa cấp bất chính ở Việt Nam nêu lý luận chung về bán hàng đa cấp và bán hàng đa cấp bất chính. Môi trường kinh daonh đa cấp bất chính tại Việt Nam. Các giải pháp nhằm hạn chế hoạt động bán hàng đa cấp bất chính tại Việt Nam.
92p
violet_12
23-05-2014
151
68
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Tài liệu tham khảo về Hệ thống thông tin hỗ trợ liên kết giữa doanh nghiệp với các đối tượng liên quan
8p
levuthi
19-04-2010
105
34
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Theo luật kiểm toán nhà nước, kiểm toán hoạt động là loại hình kiểm toán kiểm tra đánh giá tính kinh tế, hiệu lực và hiệu quả trong quản lý và sử dụng ngân sách, tiền và tài sản của nhà nước. Vì vậy, thực hiện kiểm toán hoạt động tại các doanh nghiệp, ngoài việc giúp cho công tác quản lý đạt mục tiêu hiệu quả và an toàn
14p
maichi08
27-12-2010
130
35
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Kế hoạch điều thách thức lớn đối với hầu hết các nhà quản lí, đặc biệt với các daonh nghiệp Việt Nam. Làm thế nào để có thể tăng trưởng như kỳ vọng? Đặc biệt là đối với các nhóm dự án việc xác định rõ ràng mục đích yêu cầu là rất quan trọng
7p
ba3333
11-05-2011
84
27
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Theo bản năng, mỗi ông chủ của một doanh nghiệp đều hiểu được tầm quan trọng của tài sản phương hiệu, nhưng có thể họ chưa nhận ra được bản chất, ý nghĩa của nó. Về phương diện marketing, tài sản thương hiệu là tất cả những gì giúp phân biệt thương hiệu của bạn với những thương hiệu khác
3p
thientruc1605
04-08-2010
95
26
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Hiện nay, đất nước đang trong quá trình kiến thiết, sự tồn tại và phát triển của các doanh nghiệp đặc biệt là DNNQD ngày càng chiếm tỷ trọng lớn. Vai trò của các DNNQD ngày càng được khẳng định với cương vị là những đầu tầu mới kéo “con tàu” kinh tế xã hội vươn cao, vươn xa.
87p
songngu1311
07-12-2012
31
8
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"Thông tư liên tịch số 04/2015/TTLT-BKHĐT-BTC-BNV - Ban hành Quy chế phối hợp mẫu giữa các cơ quan chức năng trên địa bàn tỉnh, thành phố trực thuộc Trung ương trong quản lý nhà nước đối với doanh nghiệp sau đăng ký thành lập" quy định mục tiêu, nguyên tắc, nội dung và trách nhiệm phối hợp giữa các cơ quan chức năng trên địa bàn tỉnh, thành phố trực thuộc Trung ương trong việc: Trao đổi, cung cấp, công khai thông tin doanh nghiệp; thanh tra, kiểm tra doanh nghi�...
0p
tsmttc_009
29-07-2015
23
0
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Đất nước ta đang trong thời kì công nghiệp hóa- hiện đại hóa, nền kinh tế đang phát triển. Các thiết bị điện, khí cụ điện được sử dụng trong xây lắp các hu công nghiệp, khu chế xuất-liên daonh, khu nhà cao tầng ngày càng đa dạng và phong phú. Vì vậy việc tìm hiều đặc tính, kết cấu, tính toán lựa chọn sử dụng khí cụ điện rất cần thiết...
115p
taurus23
02-08-2012
500
301
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[Đề tài: PHÂN TÍCH BÁO CÁO KẾT QUẢ HOẠT ĐỘNG KINH DOANH VÀ BIỆN PHÁP NÂNG CAO HIỆU QUẢ KINH DOANH TẠI CÔNG TY TM VÀ CỔ PHẦN HẠ LONG](http://tailieu.vn/doc/de-tai-phan-tich-bao-cao-ket-qua-hoat-dong-kinh-doanh-va-bien-phap-nang-cao-hieu-qua-kinh-doanh-tai-596150.html)
Trong những năm gần đây nền kinh tế nước ta có nhiều biến đổi, tiếp tục định hướng theo cơ chế thi trường dưới sự điều tiết của nhà nước. Quản lý kinh tế nói chung và quản lí daonh nghiệp nói riêng trong nền kinh tế thị trường với sự điều tiết của quy luật khách quan.
10p
chjtruihan
11-05-2011
821
249
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Tài liệu tham khảo Quản lý danh mục chứng khoán
20p
maybay_thaboom
02-07-2010
417
202
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markdown:
# Drug metabolites
**Drug metabolites**
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In a certain sense, the field of drug metabolism (DM) is standing still. More specifically, the basic experiment of drug metabolism (i.e., administering a new drug to an animal or human and determining the structures, amounts, and disposition of the metabolites) has changed very little over a period of decades. Remarkably, the experimental design and resulting data set from a typical absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) study conducted today would be instantly recognized and understood by DM scientists from 50 years ago.
785p
thienbinh1311
13-12-2012
26
5
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Foreword: It was with great pleasure that I accepted the invitation to write the foreword for Drugs and Poisons in Humans. A Handbook of Practical Analysis. Dr. Osamu Suzuki and Dr. Mikio Yashiki, two outstanding Japanese scientists, fi rst published the Handbook in Japanese in 2002. Specialists throughout Japan contributed analytical methods for a wide variety of therapeutic and illicit drugs, pesticides, and natural toxins and alkaloids. In fact, rarely has such a wide spectrum of analytes and metabolites been addressed within a single reference manual....
24p
bigbaby87
01-09-2010
149
54
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Introduction: Blood, urine and stomach contents (including gastric lavage fluid and vomitus) are usually used as specimens for analysis of drugs and poisons for living subjects. A blood concentration of a toxin can be an indicator for estimation of intoxication degree. Urine sometimes contains large amounts of metabolites and/or an unchanged form of a toxin; it contains low levels of proteins, which usually interfere with analysis, and thus is suitable for screening tests using immunoassays without tedious pretreatments.
7p
bigbaby87
01-09-2010
101
34
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Introduction: Amphetamines are a group of drugs stimulating the central nervous system; they act on the cerebral cortex to enhance psychic activities, resulting in the removal of general fatigue and drowsiness and thus in the transient improvement of working efficiency. Their abuse causes dependence, hallucination, delusion and changes in personality. Because of such harmfulness of the drugs, their use and possession are prohibited by the Stimulant Drugs Control Law in Japan [1].
15p
bigbaby87
01-09-2010
78
19
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Introduction: Methanol (methyl alcohol) poisoning accidents take place most frequently by drinking it in mistake for ethanol. Methanol poisoning is not due to the effect of methanol itself, but due to toxicity of its metabolites. Methanol is rapidly absorbed into human body through the airway mucous membranes, digestive tract mucous membranes or the skin; it is metabolized into formaldehyde (formalin, HCHO) and then formic acid (HCOOH) by the actions of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase, respectively.
11p
bigbaby87
01-09-2010
57
14
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Introduction: Nicotine is a main water-soluble alkaloid being contained in the tobacco plant (Nicotiana tabacum), which acts as an inducing compound for smoking-dependence. Twelve kinds of nicotine metabolites are known in rats [1]. Among them, cotinine is the major metabolite of nicotine; the half-life (T1/2) of cotinine is much longer (10–20 h) than that of nicotine (24–84 min). The qualitative analysis of cotinine in urine and saliva is being thus carried out as indicators for smoking during its abstinence therapy and for confirming passive smoking.
10p
bigbaby87
01-09-2010
41
10
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Natural products are a constant source of potentially active compounds for the treatment of various disorders. The Middle East and tropical regions are believed to have the richest supplies of natural products in the world. Plant derived secondary metabolites have been used by humans to treat acute infections, health disorders and chronic illness for tens of thousands of years. Only during the last 100 years have natural products been largely replaced by synthetic drugs.
524p
phoebe75
19-02-2013
29
8
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Introduction: Acetaminophen (paracetamol, APAP) ( Figure 3.1) has been being used as an excellent analgesic-antipyretic for a long time, and is included as an ingredient in many over-the-counter drugs of analgesics and cold drugs. However, when APAP is ingested in large amounts, it was reported to cause liver disorders [1]. For analysis of APAP, HPLC [2–18], LC/MS [19], LC/MS/MS [20], GC [21], GC/MS [22, 23] and capillary electrophoresis [24, 25] are being used. Among the methods, HPLC is most popular for its analysis.
7p
bigbaby87
01-09-2010
56
6
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Delayed hypersensitivity mechanisms directed by drug-specific T cells are probably the most important mechanisms in the etiology of the most common drug eruptions—morbilliform exanthems—and also of rare and severe forms such as hypersensitivity syndrome, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP), Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). Drugspecific T cells have been detected in these types of drug eruptions. Contrary to what has been believed for years, the antigen is more often the native drug itself than its metabolites.
5p
konheokonmummim
03-12-2010
51
5
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Food safety is of great importance to consumers. To ensure the safety of the food supply and to facilitate international trade, government agencies and international bodies establish standards, guidelines, and regulations that food producers and trade partners need to meet, respect, and follow. A primary goal of national and international regulatory frameworks for the use of veterinary drugs, including antimicrobials, in food-producing animals is to ensure that authorized products are used in a manner that will not lead to non-compliance residues.
366p
hoangnh76
16-07-2013
79
19
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Introduction: The plant Cannabis sativa L. has a long history for human being since about BC 2000 for its use as fiber material, food and folk medicine; cannabis (hemp, marijuana) means the whole plant itself and its dried products except for its stem and seeds. The word “hashish” is mainly used for the resin of the cannabis plant.
8p
bigbaby87
01-09-2010
56
15
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Introduction: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a colorless gas with the smell of putrid eggs; it can exist in both nonionic and ionic forms in aqueous solution. The ratio of the nonionic form to the total ionized one is influenced by concentration of hydrogen ion in the solution. Under acidic conditions, H2S does not ionized and evaporated from water; under alkaline conditions it is easily ionized and retained in the solution.
11p
bigbaby87
01-09-2010
75
14
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Nowadays, Chromatography is the most versatile and widespread technique employed in modern chemical analysis and plays a vital role in the advancement of chemistry, biology, medicine and related fields of research. Because of the inherent simplicity and ease of operation, it can be used together with a wide range of detection systems, including electrochemical, photometric and mass spectrometry, being an invaluable laboratory tool for the separation and identification of compounds.
438p
camchuong_1
04-12-2012
29
8
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Introduction: Cocaine is an alkaloid being contained in the leaves of Erythroxylon coca Lam. or Erythroxylon novogranatense (Morris) Hieronymus of Erythroxylaceae plants. The compound is being used as a local anaesthetic. It also shows stimulating action on the central nervous system; when it is used continuously, psychic dependence on its use appears, resulting in its chronic toxicosis [1]. Cocaine is being abused worldwide; its abuse is most serious in the north and south American continents. Fortunately, in Japan, its abuse is not so many; but it cannot be overlooked.
12p
bigbaby87
01-09-2010
61
7
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Breast cancer is the most common form of incident cancer and the dominant cause of cancer-related death among women aged 0-74 across the European Union. Female mortality due to lung cancer is significantly lower than that of breast cancer, and is also lower in women than men, but has been steadily rising (Bosetti et al 2008, Boyle Lewin 2008). Across the EU/EEA countries, men are more affected by HIV than women, with an infection ratio of 2:1. In women the predominant routes of transmission are heterosexual contact and injection drug use (ECDC 2008a).
156p
quygia123
06-11-2012
28
0
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The liver is the most important organ in which drugs are structurally altered. Some of the resulting metabolites may be biologically inactive, some active and some toxic (see Chapter 7).The liver is exposed to drugs in higher concentrations than are most organs because most are administered orally and are absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.Thus the whole dose must pass through the liver to reach the systemic circulation.
10p
bigbaby87
03-09-2010
47
8
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The financial statements of Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. (the ‘Parent Company') are included in the statements of the Philips Group. The unconsolidated statements of income of Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. therefore reflect only the net after-tax income from affiliated companies and other income after taxes. The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. Presentation balance sheet and income statement In 1997, the Company changed the format of its consolidated balance sheet presentation.
153p
bin_pham
06-02-2013
25
7
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The IRS also faces significant enforcement challenges posed by the complexity and magnitude of the international financial system. As technology continues to advance and cross-border transactions rise, the IRS faces the growing challenge created by economic globalization. Over the past few years, the IRS has taken action to coordinate international tax compliance issues.
40p
tay_thi_le
19-02-2013
22
7
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Analysis of differences in content of nutrients and other substances in livestock products (meat, dairy, eggs) was more limited given the smaller evidence base. Analysis was conducted on nutrients or nutrient groups for which numeric data were provided in at least 5 of the 25 livestock product studies identified by the review.
64p
ut_hai_can
29-12-2012
41
6
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Assuming that (1) new information will correct or improve the firm's prior beliefs and (2) the firm has the technical and regulatory flexibility to alter its decisions, we are ultimately concerned with the economic value of the changed decision. Given that the firm will "re- optimize" based on the new, better information, what is the value of that re-optimization? Assume that Chemical A's cost was found to be grossly underestimated and that the firm was able to identify a substitute input B whose true cost was substantially lower.
21p
taisaovanchuavo
26-01-2013
26
6
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markdown:
# Geothermal
**Geothermal**
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[NANOSENSORS AS RESERVOIR ENGINEERING TOOLS TO MAP INSITU TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTIONS IN GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIRS](http://tailieu.vn/doc/nanosensors-as-reservoir-engineering-tools-to-map-insitu-temperature-distributions-in-geothermal-res-1253652.html)
With global populations on the rise and the increasing threat associated with climate change, the need for the development of low emission energy resources is clear. Geothermal energy, which originates from the underground heat of the earth (Sankaran, 2002), has the advantage of being a low-emission, baseload energy resource. Unlike other alternative energy resources, geothermal energy production does not fluctuate with time of day or season.
0p
aries23
29-09-2012
58
10
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[NANOSENSORS AS RESERVOIR ENGINEERINGTOOLS TO MAP IN- SITU TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTIONS IN GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIRS](http://tailieu.vn/doc/nanosensors-as-reservoir-engineeringtools-to-map-in-situ-temperature-distributions-in-geothermal--1408591.html)
Tham khảo sách 'nanosensors as reservoir engineeringtools to map in- situ temperature distributions in geothermal reservoirs', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, điện - điện tử phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả
74p
namde01
11-04-2013
21
2
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Với đề tài này, nhóm thực hiện mong muốn đưa đến cho các bạn những nhận định đúng đắn về “Địa nhiệt điện” cùng những ứng dụng to lớn của nó đến các mặt của đời sống, sản xuất.
42p
talaangel
13-08-2015
38
14
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Turboexpanders and Process Applications offers readers complete application criteria, functional parameters, and selection guidelines. This book is intended for the widest possible spectrum of engineering functions, including technical support, maintenance, operating, and managerial personnel in process plants, refineries, air liquefaction, natural gas separation, geothermal mining, and design contracting.
524p
transang5
23-11-2012
46
8
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Geothermal energy is the internal heat of the Earth. For centuries, geothermal energy was apparent only through anomalies in the Earth's crust that allow the heat from the Earth's molten core to venture close to the Earth's surface. Volcanoes, geysers, fumaroles, and hot springs are the most visible surface manifestations of these anomalies. Geothermal energy has been used for centuries where it is available for
8p
liemthanh
16-12-2009
31
4
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Năng lượng thay thế ( Alternative energy ) là năng lượng thu được từ những nguồn ngoài 3 dạng Nhiên liệu hóa thạch ( Fossil Fuel ): Than đá ( coal ), Dầu mỏ ( oil ) và Khí tự nhiên ( Natural gas ). Những nguồn năng lượng thay thế này bao gồm: Năng lượng hạt nhân ( Nuclear power ), Năng lượng mặt trời ( Solar power ), Năng lượng gió ( Wind power ),Năng lượng địa nhiệt ( Geothermal energy ), Năng lượng sinh khối ( Biomass energy ), Năng lượng nước ( Hydropower ) và một...
7p
konbetocroi
18-09-2012
197
90
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In electrical power generation system the present trend is to maximize the renewable energy penetration ratio as much as possible. Among the renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, biogas/biomass, tidal, geothermal, etc., wind energy has the huge potential to play an important role in energy market along with conventional energy sources. Therefore, reasonably the research on wind power is progressing rapidly.
0p
123859674
04-07-2012
81
29
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[Liquid-Gas Relative Permeabilities in Fractures: Effects of Flow Structures, Phase Transformation and Surface Roughness](http://tailieu.vn/doc/liquid-gas-relative-permeabilities-in-fractures-effects-of-flow-structures-phase-transformation-an-1253645.html)
Fractures are ubiquitous in the brittle lithosphere in the upper part of earth’s crust. They play a critical role in the transport of fluids. Moreover, all major discovered geothermal reservoirs and a considerable number of petroleum reservoirs are in fractured rocks. This restates the importance of studying multiphase flow behavior inside the opened fracture space. From the engineering point of view, a rock fracture as defined here is simply a complex-shaped cavity filled with fluids or solid minerals. Therefore it is understood to include cracks, joints, and faults.
0p
aries23
29-09-2012
55
22
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This paper summarizes the presentations and discussion at the Energy Options for the Future meeting held at the Naval Research Laboratory in March of 2004. The presentations covered the present status and future potential for coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear, wind, solar, geothermal, and biomass energy sources and the eﬀect of measures for energy conservation. The longevity of current major energy sources, means for resolving or mitigating environmental issues, and the role to be played by yet to be deployed sources, like fusion, were major topics of presentation and discussion....
47p
beobobeo
01-08-2012
57
23
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Energy is defined as the ability to do work. Energy is found in different forms, such as heat, light, motion, and sound. There are many forms of energy, but they can all be put into two categories: kinetic and potential. Electrical, radiant, thermal, motion, and sound energies are kinetic; chemical, stored mechanical, nuclear, and gravitational energies are potential forms of energy
214p
nhulan0908
03-10-2012
45
20
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Renewable Energy is energy generated from natural resources - such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides and geothermal heat - which are naturally replenished. In 2008, about 18% of global final energy consumption came from renewables, with 13% coming from traditional biomass, such as wood burning. Hydroelectricity was the next largest renewable source, providing 3% (15% of global electricity generation), followed by solar hot water/heating, which contributed with 1.3%. Modern technologies, such as geothermal energy, wind power, solar power, and ocean energy together provided some 0.
0p
kimngan_1
05-11-2012
69
16
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Renewable energy sources such as solar power, wind power, hydroelectric power, geothermal power, and so on have attracted much attention as alternatives to fossil fuels, because toxins and pollutants are not produced by these sources. For this reason, these energy sources have come to be known as clean energy.
186p
123859674
04-07-2012
29
12
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The relative distribution of market value across the sectors is shown in Figure 3. Six of the 23 products and services ‐ Alternative Fuels (17.3%), Building Technologies (12.1%), Alternative Fuels for Vehicles (11.8%), Wind (10.7%), Geothermal (8.7%) and Waste Water Treatment (7.4%) ‐ together account for 60% of total market value.
36p
dangsuynghi
15-03-2013
54
12
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The utilisation of renewable energies is not at all new; in the history of mankind renewable energies have for a long time been the primary possibility of generating energy. This only changed with industrial revolution when lignite and hard coal became increasingly more important. Later on, also crude oil gained importance. Offering the advantages of easy transportation and processing also as a raw material, crude oil has become one of the prime energy carriers applied today.
0p
japet75
30-01-2013
25
10
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[Geological and Geotechnical Engineering in the New Millennium: Opportunities for Research and Technological Innovation](http://tailieu.vn/doc/geological-and-geotechnical-engineering-in-the-new-millennium-opportunities-for-research-and-techno-1313804.html)
The charge to this committee—to envision the future of geotechnology— is at once a grand challenge and a problem. In many ways, geotechnology is a mature field having come to its majority in the last 50 years. Many serious problems have been solved. We know how to build strong foundations, safe dams, and stable roads and tunnels. We have a good understanding about the behavior and protection of groundwater, how to extract the petroleum resources, and develop a geothermal field.
221p
camnhung_1
14-12-2012
35
9
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The environmental goods and services (EGS) sector has traditionally included solutions for problems such as air, noise and marine pollution, land and water contamination, as well as activities such as environmental analysis and consultancy and waste management and recycling. However more recently, the definition of this sector has widened.
0p
dangsuynghi
15-03-2013
31
8
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[EcolabElling – as a potEntial markEting tool for african products (an overview of opportunities and challenges)](http://tailieu.vn/doc/ecolabelling-as-a-potential-marketing-tool-for-african-products-an-overview-of-opportunities-an-1384330.html)
More recently, the definition of this sector has needed to reflect the drive to reduce CO2 equivalent emissions from the wider economy.
36p
dangsuynghi
15-03-2013
24
7
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CHAPTER 5 0 GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES: AN INTRODUCTION Peter D. Blair Sigma Xi The Scientific Research Society Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 50.1 50.2 INTRODUCTON HYDROTHERMAL RESOURCES 50.2.1 Vapor-Dominated Resources 50.2.2 Liquid-Dominated Resources HOT DRY ROCK RESOURCES 1 8 5 3 50.4 GEOPRESSURED RESOURCES 1 8 5 5 1 8 5 4 50.5 1585 1 8 5 5 1 8 5 5 50.3 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION 1 8 5 7 50.5.1 Direct Steam Conversion 1587 50.5.2 Flashed Steam Conversion 1588 50.5.3 Binary Cycle Conversion 1588 50.5.4 Hybrid Fossil/Geothermal Plants 1 9 5 0 50.
8p
hadalabo
29-09-2010
40
4
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Solar energy refers primarily to the use of solar radiation for practical ends. However, all renewable energies, other than geothermal and tidal, derive their energy from the sun. Solar technologies are broadly characterized as either passive or active depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute sunlight. Active solar techniques use photovoltaic panels, pumps, and fans to convert sunlight into useful outputs.
0p
nhacchovina
23-03-2013
19
3
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Renewable energy technologies—including solar, wind, biomass, geothermal, and hydropower—are in many ways attractive to policy makers who must address these market disruptions and the economic and social strife they can create. Renewable energy technologies are advantageous because they are immune to price shocks from fuel supply constraints and cartel pricing. Furthermore, renewable energy resources are much more environmentally benign than their conventional counterparts, such as coal, nuclear, and petroleum products.
0p
mebachano
01-02-2013
22
2
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markdown:
# Meaning of life
**Meaning of life**
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From "Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance" to "The Motorcycle Diaries", to be a biker is to be on the road to the meaning of life. From ethics to existentialism, motorcycling raises some of life's biggest questions. What should our attitude be towards danger and death? Does riding shed any light on the nature of reality? Do we have any obligations towards the environment, humans and other animals? And can motorcycles be as much a work of art as a Michelangelo painting? Philosopher and motorcyclist Craig Bourne answers all these questions and more in this stimulating road trip through...
220p
transang5
23-10-2012
42
15
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Kabbalah, Science & the Meaning of Life traces the milestones of the evolution of science with which we are familiar, such as Newton’s and Einstein’s theories but goes further to present the science of Kabbalah as the basis for understanding the hidden parts of reality which scientists are now discovering. While other sciences research the definable world around us, Kabbalah teaches us how the spontaneous changes occurring within us affect our surrounding reality.
222p
anhnangmuahe2013
04-03-2013
15
1
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Most people consider life a battle, but it is not a battle, it is a game. It is a game, however, which cannot be played successfully without the knowledge of spiritual law, and the Old and the New Testaments give the rules of the game with wonderful clearness. Jesus-Christ taught that it was a great game of Giving and Receiving. “Whatsoever a man soweth that shall he also reap.” This means that whatever man sends out in word or deed, will return to him; what he gives, he will receive.
0p
hkquoc
12-08-2010
164
74
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In the latter part of March, 1996, a trusted friend sent me a copy of Professor Fumihiko Iida’s article, ”The Dawn of Meaning.” I read it immediately and was amazed that a traditional academic journal at a major public university in Japan had published a research article on life after death and rebirth, especially since the topic is so remote from economics and management, the journal’s usual genre.
154p
hkquoc
19-08-2010
87
41
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Meaning in context 2. Rational interpretation 3. Logically and reasonably discussing so perplexing 4. The meaning of the meaning question 5. A rather modest perspective - the whole picture – the complete meaning 6. The belonging of meaning in our minds and in our hearts 7. Contextual backdrop – the triangle of meaning 8. God and Human meaning 9. An attempt to find enlightenment 10. Acknowledgments Meaning in context Many
9p
khangoc2396
27-08-2012
26
3
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What really matters? by Wan C. Mok Smashwords Edition copyright 2011-12 Wan C. Mok License Notes This e-book is licensed for your personal reading only. This e-book shall not be copied, modified or re-sold to other people. What really matters? I watched the waves at the beach and admired the timeless of nature. I felt relaxed and happy as I walked on the sand, appreciating the serenity which I really enjoy. What is the meaning of life? It is living life to the fullest, doing things which we like without hindrance to others but hopefully can benefit some around us!...
3p
khangoc2396
27-08-2012
26
3
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Johnson (1982), randomized 52 patients with newly diagnosed or recurrent cancer to either a psycho-educational group intervention “I Can Cope” or a control group. The intervention group demonstrated decreased anxiety and increased perceived purpose and meaning in life compared to the control group. Berglund et al. (1994) performed a prospective randomized study with 98 cancer patients who participated in a rehabilitation program focused on “starting again,” and 101 patients who served as controls.
19p
taisaokhongthedung
09-01-2013
16
1
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The following will be discussed in this chapter: Development through the lifespan, making meaning of a life, length of life, quality of life, positive psychology, thinking about death, physiological considerations, cultural responses to death, the death of a young person,...
12p
tangtuy09
21-04-2016
7
1
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[Lecture Human development - Family, place, culture (2nd edition) - Chapter 12: Reflecting on life and death](http://tailieu.vn/doc/lecture-human-development-family-place-culture-2nd-edition-chapter-12-reflecting-on-life-an-1852389.html)
Chapter 12 - Reflecting on life and death. The following will be discussed in this chapter: Development through the lifespan, making meaning of a life, length of life, quality of life, positive psychology, thinking about death, physiological considerations, cultural responses to death, the death of a young person,...
15p
tangtuy09
22-04-2016
12
1
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Business is the economic mode of operation conditions exist in the economy of goods, including the overall methods, forms and means by which economic agents to make use of its economic activity (including the process of investment, production, transportation, trade, services ...) on the basis of value rules apply along with other rules, in order to achieve the highest capital profitability.
324p
kdo_1024
09-11-2011
72
33
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How to Beat the Energy Thieves® And Make Your Life Better - Book 2 Emotions, Food, People, Major Problems, Traumas, How to Win © MillerBooks 2010 Print version first published in 2010 by MillerBooks ISBN: 978-0-9565831-1-6 Cover: Jess & MarcellinoDesign.com Jess Miller asserts the moral right to be identified as the author of this work. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, audio or otherwise without the...
97p
khangoc2396
27-08-2012
38
10
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The Energy of Happiness Follow The Path of Your Soul Don Nenninger Warning: Side effects include an increased passion for life, love, & happiness! Published by Don Nenninger at Smashwords Copyright 2012 by Don Nenninger All rights reserved by author. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, analog, or digital recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the author. .
34p
khangoc2396
27-08-2012
40
6
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This book is an attempt to think out the nature and tenability of Kant's Transcendental Idealism, an attempt animated by the conviction that even the elucidation of Kant's meaning, apart from any criticism, is impossible without a discussion on their own merits of the main issues which he raises. My obligations are many and great: to Caird's Critical Philosophy of Kant and to the translations of Meiklejohn, Max Müller, and Professor Mahaffy; to Mr. J. A. Smith, Fellow of Balliol College, and to Mr. H. W. B.
156p
chonguoinoiay1
28-02-2013
19
6
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Life, Loss, Truth & Adventure Kelvin Hinz Smashwords Edition Copyright © 2010 by Kelvin Hinz All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means without the written permission of the author. Smashwords Edition, License Notes This ebook is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This ebook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each person. If you’re reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was...
81p
khangoc2396
27-08-2012
22
4
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The Project Gutenberg EBook of On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, by Charles Darwin This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. (2nd edition) Author: Charles Darwin Release Date: September 25, 2007 ...
1345p
khangoc2392
26-09-2012
21
4
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All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced by any means, graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping or by any information storage retrieval system without the written permission of the publisher except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Published by Tapuat Publishing A division of Simplyfly LLC 7950 NW 53rd Street Suite 215 Miami, Florida 33166 USA
35p
khangoc2396
27-08-2012
17
3
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[Further Evidence on the Link between Finance and Growth: An International Analysis of Community Banking and Economic Performance](http://tailieu.vn/doc/further-evidence-on-the-link-between-finance-and-growth-an-international-analysis-of-community-ba-1360569.html)
The central problem of life-cycle finance is the spreading of the income from the economically productive part of an individual’s life over that person’s whole life. As with all financial problems, this task is made difficult by time and uncertainty. Merely setting aside a portion of one’s income for later use does not mean that it will be there—in real (inflation-adjusted) terms—when it is needed. No investment is riskless if the “run” is long enough. In addition, there is the ordinary risk that the realized return will be lower than the expected return.
40p
mebachano
01-02-2013
24
3
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In the writing of this English translation of Professor Bergson's most important work, I was helped by the friendly interest of Professor William James, to whom I owe the illumination of much that was dark to me as well as the happy rendering of certain words and phrases for which an English equivalent was difficult to find. His sympathetic appreciation of Professor Bergson's thought is well known, and he has expressed his admiration for it in one of the chapters of A Pluralistic Universe.
203p
chonguoinoiay
26-02-2013
14
3
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The results of this project illustrate substantial technical potential for cars environmental improvement. The existing and developing legislation was also considered to assess any possible untapped technical potential. The European policy (and also the national policy) is actually being considering the environmental impacts from cars over years and already addresses some of the important environmental aspects at different stages of the car life cycle (e.g. air pollution, CO2 emissions, end-of-life waste, batteries, etc.).
0p
nhacnenzingme
23-03-2013
22
3
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[báo cáo hóa học:" Meaning in life in the Federal Republic of Germany: results of a representative survey with the Schedule for Meaning in Life Evaluation (SMiLE)"](http://tailieu.vn/doc/bao-cao-hoa-hoc-meaning-in-life-in-the-federal-republic-of-germany-results-of-a-representative-s-1087964.html)
Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về hóa học được đăng trên tạp chí hóa học đề tài : Meaning in life in the Federal Republic of Germany: results of a representative survey with the Schedule for Meaning in Life Evaluation (SMiLE)
8p
dauphong10
31-01-2012
11
2
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markdown:
# Methods
**Methods**
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This guide explains the different methods of getting paid and the different levels of risks involved. You should note that none of the methods outlined below will completely eliminate the payment risks associated with international trade, so you should consider your preferred payment option with care and hedge the risks along with appropriate credit insurance and credit checks on your customers.
6p
anhsangthienthan1010
26-03-2010
478
148
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The book is divided into four main parts: key issues in researching language learning/teaching, data collection, data analysis and writing up research. Both qualitative and quantitative methodologies are discussed, alongside popular mixed-methods approaches, such as triangulated studies, thus covering many of the methods commonly employed in the field.
336p
nhatdang01
27-01-2011
219
128
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Computing for Numerical Methods Using Visual C++ has been written to promote the use of Visual C++ in scientiﬁc computing. C++ is a beautiful language that has contributed to shaping the modern world today. The language has contributed to many device drivers in electronic equipment, as a tool in the development of many computer software programs, and as a tool for both research and teaching. Therefore, its involvement in providing the solution for numerical methods is very much expected.
0p
trannhu
04-08-2009
181
82
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For more than two decades, futures traders have turned to the classic Trading Systems and Methods for complete information about the latest, most successful indicators, programs, algorithms, and systems. Perry Kaufman, a leading futures expert highly respected for his years of experience in research and trading, has thoroughly rewritten and updated his bestselling guide, which remains the most comprehensive and instructional book on trading systems today.
354p
batoan
16-07-2009
188
66
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Research problems and questions and how they relate to debates in Research Methods Recommended additional reading: Research Methods for Business Students, (Saunders, M, Lewis, P et al. 2007) Chapters 1 and 2 1.1 Chapter Overview 1.1.1 Learning Outcomes By the end of this chapter successful students will be able to: 1. Understand the learning and teaching strategy for this chapter 2. Distinguish business and management research from other kinds of research 3. Understand the issues relating to identifying and reformulating problems for research 4. Identify the key debates in research methods...
110p
tuanloc_do
04-12-2012
120
68
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[Pricing Stock Options Under Stochastic Volatility And Interest Rates With Efficient Method Of Moments Estimati](http://tailieu.vn/doc/pricing-stock-options-under-stochastic-volatility-and-interest-rates-with-efficient-method-of-moment-36628.html)
While the stochastic volatility (SV) generalization has been shown to improve the explanatory power over the Black-Scholes model, empirical implications of SV models on option pricing have not yet been adequately tested. The purpose of this paper is to ﬁrst estimate a multivariate SV model using the efﬁcient method of moments (EMM) technique from observations of underlying state variables and then investigate the respective effect of stochastic interest rates, systematic volatility and idiosyncratic volatility on option prices....
48p
batoan
16-07-2009
178
45
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Trading the stock futures markets is more complex than most traders realize.Tranding is a vast pespecitve made up of chart interpretation, entry methods, protective stops, money management, diversification, and psychology. Each of these subjects requires the sevelopment of a perspective.
81p
duypha
15-07-2009
175
40
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Clearly and elegantly presented, Mathematical Methods in Science and Engineering provides a coherent treatment of mathematical methods, bringing advanced mathematical tools to a multidisciplinary audience. The growing interest in interdisciplinary studies has brought scientists from many disciplines such as physics, mathematics, chemistry, biology, economics, and finance together, which has increased the demand for courses in upper-level mathematical techniques.
709p
kennybibo
14-07-2012
78
35
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The accurate measurement of additives in food is essential in meeting both regulatory requirements and the need of consumers for accurate information about the products they eat. While there are established methods of analysis for many food additives, there are others that still require complete methods. Analytical Methods for Food Additives addresses the lack of established methods of analysis for 26 major additives. In each case, the authors review current research to establish the best available methods and how they should be used.
273p
transang5
30-10-2012
70
32
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Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is concerned with the efficient numerical solution of the partial differential equations that describe fluid dynamics. CFD techniques are commonly used in the many areas of engineering where fluid behavior is an important factor. Traditional fields of application include aerospace and automotive design, and more recently, bioengineering and consumer and medical electronics.
523p
chipmoon
19-07-2012
93
33
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Central to this book are two ideas. The first is that Fluid Mechanics is relevant to a wide variety of problems that are priorities in the early 21st century, three of which are health, the environment, and energy. The second idea is that researchers in this field are applying novel methods to address these problems. Even on its most basic level, Fluid Mechanics is challenging.
242p
contentnew
12-04-2012
63
25
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Simulation and the Monte Carlo Method, Second Edition reflects the latest developments in the field and presents a fully updated and comprehensive account of the major topics that have emerged in Monte Carlo simulation since the publication of the classic First Edition over twenty-five years ago.
377p
chipmoon
19-07-2012
60
26
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The purpose of this paper is to help customer survey process stakeholders understand some of the inherent tradeoffs of alternative survey methods. The scope addresses factors including size of the customer population, strengths and weaknesses of alternate...
0p
monkey68
13-03-2009
113
21
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Monte Carlo methods are ubiquitous in applications in the finance and insurance industry. They are often the only accessible tool for financial engineers and actuaries when it comes to complicated price or risk computations, in particular for those that are based on many underlyings. However, as they tend to be slow, it is very important to have a big tool box for speeding them up or – equivalently – for increasing their accuracy. Further, recent years have seen a lot of developments in Monte Carlo methods with a high potential for success in applications.
485p
thuymonguyen88
07-05-2013
50
24
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This book contains some of the contributions, divided into five main sections, that have been carefully selected and peer-reviewed, which were presented at the International Symposium MME06 Mathematical Methods in Engineering, held in Cankaya University, Ankara, April 27—29, 2006. The Symposium provided a setting for discussing recent developments in Fractional Mathematics, Neutrices and Generalized Functions, Boundary Value Problems, Applications of Wavelets, Dynamical Systems and Control Theory....
176p
manhneu
06-11-2010
90
21
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The procedures described in these standards are intended for the examination of waters of a wide range of quality, including water suitable for domestic or industrial supplies, surface water, ground water, cooling or circulating water, boiler water, boiler feed water, treated and untreated municipal or industrial wastewater, and saline water. The unity of the fields of water supply, receiving water quality, and wastewater treatment and disposal is recognized by presenting methods of analysis for each constituent in a single section for all types of waters.
541p
bomtvc
20-08-2014
88
28
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Tham khảo sách 'numerical methods for ordinary differential equations butcher tableau', khoa học tự nhiên, toán học phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả
479p
chipmoon
19-07-2012
70
18
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This is an intermediate level post-calculus text on mathematical and statistical methods, directed toward the needs of chemists. It has developed out of a course that I teach at the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth for thirdyear undergraduate chemistry majors and, with additional assignments, for chemistry graduate students.
389p
thienbinh1311
13-12-2012
61
22
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This book presents and develops major numerical methods currently used for solving problems arising in quantitative finance. Our presentation splits into two parts. Part I is methodological, and offers a comprehensive toolkit on numerical methods and algorithms. This includes Monte Carlo simulation, numerical schemes for partial differential equations, stochastic optimization in discrete time, copula functions, transform-based methods and quadrature techniques. Part II is practical, and features a number of self-contained cases.
618p
thuymonguyen88
07-05-2013
38
20
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In the preceding chapters, we introduced several different estimation principles and algorithms for independent component analysis (ICA). In this chapter, we provide an overview of these methods. First, we show that all these estimation principles are intimately connected, and the main choices are between cumulant-based vs. negentropy/likelihood-based estimation methods, and between one-unit vs. multiunit methods. In other words, one must choose the nonlinearity and the decorrelation method.
17p
duongph05
09-06-2010
97
16
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